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Lewis, Finch'lmuf FOR SIR RICIIAHD fTIILLlPS AND CO. BRIDE-COURT, nRIDGI£-9TRRET( AND TO BE HAD OF Al.I. BOOK8ELLCR8. \1^ f Price I0>. 6//, bound.] tlAUD C(l0Jt»rlt*if I^orthC C wolf . lloKrvui OrlenrVjr:. Gji[ xRCapvJFM ^^mw 0€ JBJ^]^ jBo V\ ^\^ m^\ CChnbtUkoi SCOTVA JMMJuliri a |40 1^ - %PJtlifinut r. .]. ,. y 1 — _ d r-^ L«o C.J^ttlmur ,.r.r.M '. fi»^^ • T ^^eai .:: *^-/'*W i Carols .. ^'• ttJHiiHt^ /> ?" .7* \M '""""*"V^"'«' tiM^i^-itm I. (f> r n 2r r'.af Goudlioiie ■•*'^**'t '- ntwartilt'p-tM. stttn if'fhtiha /i> (T J« ^^ x'V" S«ndMfit>)i Islaad A',imwtiJ;'' STPMtl ArttJlk tr/i 1 I f.rhaftuin* . ' . New Hebridea lis Mm &ef Al.A»Af irtfR » Va» Dieiuenii ^ ctlt' Cil'olf* ijn 3P ii^»tfliff/*Yww,^«»/i4rft»ff,,.0ip, ifMtifVv *• t '.' 'Ay^A* ^^«/«. ilr-Mf/r .7lir»«7/<>«M*M». I.. ^i.<>kl*nrla (bmna I ttafiize afforded inoreased means of capturing others ; till, at length, the Spaniards, afraid of proceeding to sea, had their intercourse with tha mother-coun- try nearly annihilated. Although their vengeance was directed against this, their wealthiest and bitterest enemy, other na- tions were not exempted from their depredations. When distressed for men, money, or ships, almost every stranger became an enemy. Thus far they were pirates. The booty was regularly divided in- to as many shares as there were men. None had a preference. The leader of an enterprize, com- monly elected only for the occasion, among the most distinguished for skill and courage, enjoyed more honours, but had no claim to greater emolu- ments than his associates, except what the general voice chose to award when an enterprize proved profitable, and had been ably conducted* No fixed laws guided their proceedings. These were made upon the spur of the occasion. But offences against the general good, such as pecula- tion, or treachery, were severely and summarily Dttnithed, either by death, or by leaving the culprit \ PRBFACB XIX upon a desert IsHmd. Such was the certainty of ]Niiii»hmeRt, or the sense of justice to each other, that few instances of this kind occurred. Their hefaaviour verified the adag*e of—** Honesty among thieves;^ for though robbers by profession, none were ever more equitable among themselves. Every share was chosen by lot. The wounded were pro- vided for by a certain sum, and an allowance dur- ing cure. The companion, or servant of a mem- ber killed, received his share. If he had none, it was transmitted to his relations ; or, if these were unknown, gfiven to the poor, or to churches, to apo- logize for misdeeds neither repented of nor discon- tinued. They seldom went to sea except when in want of^ money, and, when gained, it was as quickly spent. Jamaica commonly formed the resort of the English, and St. Domingo of the French, where the fruits of their cruizes being soon dissipated in rioting and debauchery, necessity drove them to the same desperate undertakings for further supplies These associations continued, with but few inter- missions, for nearly 150 years, peace or war in Eu- rope being of no import in the eyes of their leaders-. The principal of these were Morgan, Samms, Wilner, Towley, and others, among the English; Montbar, L'Olonois, Grognier, Picard, Le Sage, and Grammont, among the French ; Van Horn, a Dutchman, and De Basco, a Portuguese* Morgan, the most renowned of the English free- booters, after a variety of minor exploits, conceived the bofd project of subduing Porto-Bello, which he PREPACe. accomplished with great skill and no Iom, gaining a large booty from its plunder and ransom. Panama, however, a large town, situated across the isthmus of Darien, on the shore of the South Seas, pro- mised still more wealth. Having reduced the island of St. Catherine's by a secret understanding with the Spanish governor, who wished to have the ho' nour, though not the danger, of resisting the ad- venturers, he proceeded to the mouth of the river Chagres, leading part of the way to his ultimate destination. Here was a fort situated upon a rock, against which beat the waves of the sea ; and, de- fended by an officer and a garrison, worthy of the trust committed to their courage. The buccaneers attacked it with desperation, and were as vigorously resisted, but this resistance only stimulated the energy of men accustomed, not merely to expect, but almost to command, success. Forsom« time the contest continued doubtful, till a lucky shot killed the commander of the fort, while, at the same time, it took fire, when the besieged, losing courage, surrendered. Morgan, leaving his vessels at anchor under a guard, proceeded in canoes up the river, thirty-five miles, where, being no longer navigable, he disem- barked, and marched towards Panama, about thirty miles distant. On a plain, without the town, a con- siderable army appeared drawn up to oppose his progress. This was no sooner attacked than disperse ed. In the city, in boats, and in the neighbouring forests, were found vast treasures concealed in caves V, pnVfACE. XXI and cellara, the inhabitants hairing, had time to re- tire theinaelves, but not to carry off their wealth ; added to these were immense quantities ofj|§luable articles of commerce, which, being unab|f JH^ re- move, were, as well as the town, according In the barbarous practice of that age, set on fire^b^ the adventurers, who regained their ships with • prodi- gious booty. Among tbe French, who distinguished them- selves as much for cruelty as brtlvery, was ^ont- bar, a native of Languedoc. He had, in early life, conceived a strong prejudice against tbe Spaniards, on account of their cruelties to the Indians; this spirit increising with his ye&rs, he embarked from Europe to join the buccaneers. In the passage out, a Spanish vessel being met with, was attacked, boardfid, and taken, Montbar leading the way to tbe decks of the enemy, along; which he carried wouipEbi ap^ death, aothing being able to resist li/s desperate furyi and when submission termi^ed the engagement, his only pleasure seemed |o be to contemplate not the treasures of the vessel, but the number of dead and dying Spaniards, against whom he had vowed a deadly and eternal hatred. This inveterate enmity never subsided. His opponents suffered so much and so frequently from it, during the whole of his life, that he acquired from them the name of the Exterminator. Another of the same nation, named L'Olonois, from the situation of bondsman, bad raised himself to the command of two boats and twenty-two men, xxu PRBFACflt^ with which he was bokl enough to attack, and fori, tunate enough to capture, a small Spanish frigate on the coast of Cuba. With this vessel he succeeded in taking four ships fitted out at Port-au-Prince to destroy him ; but cruelly threw their crews over- board, excepting one man, sent back to the gover- nor ot the Havannah, with a message that all Spa- niards who might fall into his hands, not excepting even his excellency himself, should experience a similar fate. At Tortuga he met with Michael de Basco, already celebrated for having taken a ship under the guns of Porto Bello, valued at £220,000, and a variety of other enterprises equally daring and profitable. Between them a new expedition was planned, supported by 450 men ; in the bay <)f Venezuela they reduced a fort, sinking the guns, and cruelly putting the garrison of 250 men to death. ~ Rof^embarking, they reached Maraeayboiy built on tbie westtffn shore of the kike of!^€hat bame, a cit/ which baa acquired wealth by its trftde in sKralr'^ocoa, an(| tobacco. The inhabitants, at the first al^M, fled ^th their principal effects ; enot^^h, however, Vemained to keep the buccaneers in drun- kenness and debauchery for some time ; in the mean while works were thrown up to impede their proo gress, which they reduced at the expence of blood and labour, but without any profit. Maracaybo it- self was ransomed ; Gibraltar, situated near the extremity of the lake, was burned, owing to the exasperation of the adventurers at missing the ex- pected plunder ; and at length they retired laden PiWiCE. XXIII wkh cros^ip, pictures, and bells, more than with weidtli* ' i. Van Horn> in 1603, fonn^d the design of an exj^ditj^, which promised a rich harvei^i^^ his followers* He himself was at once fbcir «t" ^ ' and terror, ht^ng not only remarfcaiyW fot Hi dity btit for finishing the smaUest want ^H in others, often going round the decks dtnFlfl^^he heat of an engagement, and instantly Kboothtg Aose who, in the smallest d^ree, flinched from their guns. In other respects he w«8 eipiitable and ge- nerotfB, sharmg equally with his crew the produce of their cotimgc, though s<»ling in a shjp wholly his private p«^perty. To aid m the pi^sent scheme, he toc^ Gramont, Godfrey, Jonqu^, aiAd de Graff, all commanders of {^proved MH imd cOEirage, with 1200 men, the largeM fot«ii9rhi«ii Imd yet hem mintepiii|.^and in six y«iii«ls "(^li^Ml fdi-^ra Criiz.^^^l«glrt, J^ i^o- rance of €M ah-nMnfii^ut, favouriii'g'ttw(r design, 'ifae bnicanecifi liflird#l%«iif^bt miles fr4lni,m to W|i» eiifer- ed it tlfidisoovet%d, and, b«for» d|iy-break, i«6ured the gbvernor, foHs, bMViicks, tfhd all the tf^ldiers capable of makitrg opposition. The inhabitants sought refuge in the dinrches, at the doors of which were placed barrels of gun-powder guarded by the invaders with lighted matches, in oi^er to destroy the whole in case of insurrection or tumult. The work of pillage, in the mean time, proceeded with- out interruption, nothing being left which it was possible or desirable to carry away. A proposal '"•^^SSfc,, XXIV PRRFACE* ^^0im0^, wn9 likewise made to: the imprisoned people, who had not tastcfd fdod for three dayi% to ransoim their Jives ai^nd freedom for a sum of £490,000. This, able or not, they were compelled to accede the money being- paid immediately, and the lialf promised in a few days. Suddenly, how- ar^e armed force appeared before the town, t of seventeen ships from Europe before the por^ which though sufficient to intimidate a regular arniy, if not to desert their plunder, had no other I effect on the buccaneers than to induce them to re- | treat quietly with 1500 slaves, as an indemnification for the remaining half of the expected ransom, and to push deliberately through the Spanish fleet, which, instead of intercepting, was itself happy to escape from such terrible assailants. For a long series of years these depredations cob- tinued^ Scarcely a town escapied «Keept ettch as weresi&ated wefy far in the interior; fort»and sol- »rs were of > little use on the cIlMwt, for the former were soon redilced, and the latttr, wbellever they, attempted a fair contest in the field, always con- quered. Towards the decline of this predatory warfare, Gramont embarlbed with a cqnsiderable force for Campeachy,afril> landing without opposi- tion, found $00 Spaniai>ds drawn up to dispute the approach to the town, who were attacked, beaten, and pursued into it, with the invaders close behind, till stopped by the citadel. Against this all the cannon they could find was directed in vain^ Fear however, effected what force could not. The gar- 4ie 0^v \\V riton dreading t^e name of ttiebuccaneers^evacuateU the place during the night, leaving only an English- man in it, (agunnef,) who, with the spirit of a sol- dier, disdained to desert that which be had sworn to defend, and which, it appeared, was capable, of be- ing, obstinately defended ; and so highly d|d this principle of honour jind courage operate upon the assailants, who were held tpgether solely by the same feelings, that they received him with distinc- tion, and rewarded him, not only with praises and liberty, but likewise with wealth. For two months the conquerors kept possession of the city, searching not only every nook and corner in it for plunder, but the country, for thirty or forty miles rounds discovering what had been hidden in the earth or in the woods, to the great loss of the inhabitants, who vainly believed they had, by this means, secured part of their property. The pliinder, as soon as collected, was deposited on ship-bofurd. The governor of the province kept the field with nearly 1000 men, but dared not inter- rupt men who seemed as desperate, wherever booty was to be procured, as they were insensible to dan- ger and regardless of death. His refusal to ransom the city caused its immediate destruction by fire. The citadel likewise was levelled to the ground. A more extraordinary sacrifice on the part of the free-booters was a bonfire made of logwood, valued at £1,000,000 sterling, and forming part of the plunder, which, in celebrating the festival of Si. Louis, on the aniiiversnry of (he French king, whose b , XXVI PRBfACE. subjects they principally were, was given to the tlaiTies ill the intoxication of folly rather than of loyalty. The last memorable attempt of the buccaneers, on a large scale, in this part of the world, took place ill 1607, when 1200 men joined a squadron of se- ven ships from Europe, in order to attack the city of Carthagena. Their commander was named Pointis, a man of little honour or generosity, but intent on aggrandizing himself. The enterprise was arduous ; the place the stron|^est in the new world ; the port difficult of approach to enemies ; and, if not immediately reduced, the climate so bad, that were the Spaniards even to do nothing more than to contrive delays, it would soon destroy the iiivaders. This, however, the latter knew. Th«y, therefore, proceeded vigorously to work, seconded by that zeal accustomed to contend with, and to conquer next to impossibilities ; of guns they had no want, and their men were prodigal of thefr blood ; each fought as if his individual honour and interest were at stake, which, indeed, formed the life of these associations; and their good fortune, as usual, prevailing, the city yielded to their arm$ with a booty calculated at £1,750,000. Of a great part of this they were deprived by the knavish rapacity of their commander. Exasperated at his tricks, a party proceeded toward his ship, de^ termined to inflict summary punishment on the offender, but recollecting this could be of no imnie-> diate service, cried out, " Brethren, why should we PREFACE. XXVU pollute ouraelves with the blood of this knave? He is unworthy the indig^nation of honourable men ! Let him liv«» to be despised and hooted, rather than die lamented by any one who may hear of his fatCj, without knowing his crimes. Our share of the booty is still at Carthagena, and there alone must we Ibofc for it.** Returning to the city, which was re-entered with- out opposition, the inhabitants were shut up in the churches till the sum of £220,000 should be paid, the amount of the sum of which they believed them- sel ves defrauded. Possessed* of this,, they promised to retire without molestation to property or person ;; without it they threatened the most frightful des- truction to both. Unable, or unwilling, to satisfy men whose wants were as boundless as their con- duct was dlaring and unprincipled, the poor people knew not what to do. A venerable priest, at length, mounted the pulpit, to aid, by the force of religious eloquence, the exactions of that rapacity which it was probably useless to refuse, and impossible to. prevent,, and which, if ungpratified,. would terminate in more terrible and destructive consequences. This appeal not producing the sum expected, the city, was ordered to be plundered. Sated, at length,, with rioting and plunder; with money, merchandize, and moveables of alt kinds, they quitted this un- fortunate place ; butj soon afterwards, falling in with an English and Dutch squadron then in alli- ance with Spain, were attacked and nearly destroy- ed, part being taken, part sunk, and part escapin<2^ b 2 XXVIU PREP ACE. 31 to St. Domingo, a piece of due retributiire justice for their extortionate and illegal deeds, which had now become, on many occasions, quite piratical, and unsanctioned by the practices of fair and honour- able warfare. From this time buccaneering rapidly declined, the majority becoming settlers in the different West Indian islands, to which they were induced by the European powers sending out ships-of-war to clear those seas and establish perfect security in com- merce, which had been, for a century, much inter- rupted, and, so far as regarded Spain, often, for yeai;s together, quite destroyed. Those who per- sisted in illegal practices were executed as pirates . while others, more disposed to acquire wealth by honest means, received encouragement from the local governments in grants of land. The renewal of war with Spain occasionally drew forth some o( the more turbulent spirits from their peaceful oc- cupations, but the greater portion had acquired settled habits ; and, in time, the name of buccaneer, as well as his practices, became gradually oblite- rated among all but the Spaniards, by whom they .will never be forgotten. It must also be admitted that these adventurers acted, in some measure, from principle. Many con- scientiously detested the Spanish people on account of real or alleged cruelties towards the Indians. In plundering them, they believed fliey were on! / much 1 Captain Cook . . 1768 326 le, cal- 1 1772 368 ition of yS 1776 389 Captains Portlock and Dixon 1786 426 ere are S M. De la Perousb 1786 439 oes not H Captain Edward Edwards 1790 469 [nation. H Captain 6. Vancouver •. 1791 478 H Captain Etienne Marchand 1796 619 I Missionary Voyage 1796 629 B^^l Captain D'Entrecastbaux 1791 663t ^^m Mr. John Turnbull 1800- 670 I Captain Krusenstern 1803 699 '^\ ^• xxxu LIST OF PLATES, \ %^'- s. Map of the World to face the Title-page. Magellan on the Coast of Brazil Pataguniant on-board ship Traffic at Tidore Drake's first sight of the South sea ... Drake taking the silver bowl Drake made soArereign of Cali- fornia . • • Cavendish passing the Strait o(\ Magellan * ' l Cavendish burns Paiu - ^ Cavendish off Ouam • i Cavendish at St. Helena - ' Van Noort ontf ring the cave the savages Mode of choosing u general in Chilo The Buccaneers at Puerto Hello > Page ! { } I i The Buccaneers attack Panana Morquito Indian on the island Juan Fernandez Gathering the Cochineal The Buccaneers defeating the Spaniards at Sallagua Dampier atUcked by the Spanl ■rds near Cape Corientes Dampier buried in the sand The Sailor y the Portuguese admiral Albuquerque. For his services in those seas, Magellan applied to the rgovernment for some recompence; but this being treated with neglect, he left his own country to seek employment in a foreign land. In company with Ruy Falerp, an eminent astronomer, and one of bis associ- a'tes, he travelled into Spain, and explained to Charles V. the reigning monarch, his project of making disco- veries in distant seas: The Portuguese ambassador denounced Magellan and his companion as . deserters, and vilely depreciated their courage and capacity, at the same time privately offering them pardon and rewards, if tliey would return and serve their native prince. Cardinal Ximenes was then at the head of the Spanish B IE Voyages round the >^orld. I ministry; and the court, now tolerable judees of navat affairs, listened to the adventurers, creating tiiem knights of the order of St. James, and adjusting terms to their advantage and satisfaction. Magellan's idea was that a passage might be found to the South Sea by some strait, or opening, on the Ame- rican coast, that wliat Columbus had asserted of the possibility of discoveriiig a passage to the East Indies b^ the West, would be found true in point of fact. If this were accomplislied, the profits of both Indies would revert to Spain, as the pope's grant conceded to Spain aU oouotries west of the Atlantic, and any discovery made from th« west would fell within the terms of it. It was stipulated that the undertakers should liave a twentieth part of the profits with the government, to (hem and their heirs, 'of tlie places to l^ discovered, laifd the title t>f king's lieutenant. Magellan's little squadron consisted of five ships — the Trinidad, having on-board Gomc2, an experienced Portuguese pilot; the Santa Yittoria, under Lorenze Mendoza; the St. Antonio, commanded by Juan de Cap- thagena ; the St. Jago, of which Juan Serrano .was cap- tain ; and the Conception, under Gfispar de Quixida^ These ships were manned with two hundred and thirty- seven men, and among them were thirty Portuguese, on whose matured skill the admiral placed his chief de- pendance. Their supply of provistoas, anHnunitioiiy ud stores, was on an estimate of two years. From the first, great hopes vrere entertained of this ▼oyage, and the men in general embarked with singular alacrity, elate with the prospect of loading themselves with gold. Their ultimate destination was a secret ; the admiral had only signified to his people, in general terms, that he was going in search of undiscovered countries. On the 1st of August, 1519, they left Seville, and On the 27th of September sailed from Sanlucar, steering for the Canaries. They refreshed at Teneriffe, and early in October passed the Cape tie Verd Islands. They were long in sight of the coast of Guinea and Sierra Leone, detailed by tedious calms, and here they saw a number of b^ds and fishes with which they were totally unacquainted. They held on their course> MAtDELLA)^. % Wtriog ftiong llie coast of Africa, till Ibey crossed the line seventy days after their departure. In the beginninj^ of December the admiral came to that part of Brazil which now is called the Bay of 9t> Lucia. Here they landed on plain, low lands, and re- mained in [tlie Bay till December 27th, having had fre* qucnt intercourse with the natives. Some di^s subse- quently to this, the sters, the offspring of the otfeers^ On the Spaniards landing a commertial kitetiDOUtst took place, and the natives frequently went off to the ships in their canoes. Provisions and refreshments ai various kinds were in sach abundance, that for a knave t)ut of a pack of cards six fowls were gladly giveo ia exchange. Plere they ccmtinued about a fortnight. In some parts of Brazil whei« they landed, the^ .found fruits, sugar^anes, and different sorts of animals m great abundance ; and in tlie largest of seven islands, at the mouth of a great river, they found a quantity of jewels : they gave it the name of St. Mary. Coasting onwards towards the south, they discovered two islands so full of seals and penguins, tbatin an hour they could have catched a number sufficient to load all their ship. The penguins are a k\rge black fowl, with a bill like a raven's : they are remarknbly fat, covered with down instead of feathers, and live entirely upon fish. Proceeding along the South American coast they arrived at an immense river, conceived to be that since called La Plata. The St. Jago was sent to examine whether there was any passage through it. That vessel was absent fifteen days : she went up twenty-five leagues, and brought the notice that the river turned towards the north. During this interval Magellan himself, with two other ships, had run along the. coast twenty leagues to the south. After these enquiries the squadron proceeded, 8aili4g B 2 it I 4 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. along 4he shore till they vrrived, in April, 152G, at « large bay, now called by the name of St. Julian. Here for t4ie itirst, (some accounts say the second) time, tthers id gveat en> ite -a basket ii water at a nuch larger ith various I were clad They wore skins, and an animal. e Spanish ^ed place of im selves a those which raw flesh, > Palagoiiiaiis on board Ship. tmmmwm ■•^PPP MAGELLAN. 5 and B certain sweet root .ailed Capar. It is reported of them, that if they are ill, they take emetics or bleed them- selves, by chopping the part affected with some in- struoient. Magellan determined to continue here .till the return of spring, as it is winter In the southern hemisphere during our summer. He had ordered the allowance of provisions to be shortened, to meet this exigence, which caused much discontent among the crews. The captains of ihree ships conspired against the life .of the admiral, having had several altercations with him during the voyage. It was represented that the king of Spain did not expect them to accomplish, impMsibilities, that they ^ had already proceeded further than any olher vessels/ and they proposed that the fleet sliould return imme- diately to Europe. As Magellan persisted in his> deter- mination to execute his original intention, a mutiny was the consequence, which was not queUed till Captahi Lewis do Mendoza, being brought Id a trial, was hanged, and Captain Juan de Carthagena, and some otliers with him, were sent on-shore, to be left among the Pataeoni- ans. Before they quitted the station, they took solemn possession of the country by the erection of ra cross. Five dreary months were passed in the harbour of' St. Juliap, during which, every possible exertiout was < made to insure the successful prosecution of the voyage. Be- fore they quitted it, Magellan was guilty of a notorious breach of hospitality towards, two ol the natives. Wish- ing to convey them into Spain, as Qb,)ects of curiosity, ha practised a stratagem to hinder them from availing themselves of their superior strength. First presenting them with knives, beads^ and toys»: so as completely to fill their hands, some bright iron-rings and shackles were shewn to them, and as their hands were full,. Ma- gellan proposed to put them on thair legs. Conceiving them to be ornaments, and pleased with their jingling sound, they unsuspectingly assented, until they found themselves fettered and 1^1 rayed. They then strugeled but in vain to liberate themselves, and glive vent to their feelings, by bellowing in a most frightful manner, i Soion after this act pf duplicity, the natives attacked a party of Spaniards thdt were on-shore, and killed one of them. Magellan,. in revenge, sent off twenty men with orders e VOYAGES- lK)U?n> THE WORLU. to pursue the natives, in every direction, and to tafee br kill every one they should find. After a search for eight days, they returned, without accomplishiDg their object^ ftll the Indians having retired into the interior of their country^ On the 24th of August, 1520, the squadron again set sail, the weather being fine, and they proceeded on their passage southward, till a violent g&le from the east drove one of their vessels,, commanded by Juan Serrano, on- shore, but the crew and cargo were happily saved. With the four remaining ships, Magellan entered a river about thirty leagues from St. Jidian, where, in a convenient part, he found plenty ef wood, water, and fish, and jn expectation of a better season^ he remained in that sta- tion till the 18th of October. Putting again to sea, and still coasting southwardly they discovered, on the festival of the Eleven Thousand Virgins, a cape to which tliey affixed that name. Near tbts cape, an opening was diseovcred by the Vittoria„ which was found afterwards to be a strait, and received it&name from the ship^ Upon this^^ Magellan gave orders that all the other ships should carefully examine the strait^ promising to wait for them a certain number of days. While the thi^e vessel^, were emiployed in tliJs expedition,, one of them, commanded by Olivarey Misquitos, his cousin, was driven out of the strait by the reflux of the tide, when the crew* dissatisfied with their situation^ rose on the captain, made him prisoner, and again set; sail on their return to Europe. One of the other twa ships had d sQovered a large bay, obstructed with, rocks, and shoals, but the other had sailed on three days, withr out any interruptijon; and. from the depth of the water,, ^he height of the mountains on each side, and their obr servations on the tides there was every reason to believe that this passage was a strait by which a conuminication was opened between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Notwithstanding these promising appearances, Mar gellan waited for Misquito's ship for several days be- yond the time he had fixed, when, aAer a consultation with the other commanders, he entered that strait or arm of the sea which has ever since retained his name. The entrance lies in 52 degrees south latitude, and the strait, wbiqh is abojut 11,0 leagues in length, is very wijd.^ in, j^^b MAGELLAN. 7 some places, and in others not more than half a league from shore to shore. On both sides the land was high and irregular, and the moiuitains were found to be covered with snow, on advancing about 50 leagues west from the entrance. In several places^ however, the lower lands near the shore were clad with trees and verdure, and presented on each side a number of beautiful and picturesque scenes. In about six weeks from their entering this passage, they found themselves again in an open sea, the coast terminating westward in a cape,^ and the shore of the continent taking ^ northerly direction. The sight of the Pacific Ocean, or Great South Sea, gave Magellan the utmost joy, he being the first European w1m> sailed upon it. Magellan came to the end of the strait^ and entered it on tlie 28tU of November, 1520. Magellan was desirous of stopping here,^ for the purpose of refreshing his men, but the natives were so addicted to thieving, that he was obliged to repress their depredations by force. Flocking on-board the ships in immense numbers, they endeavoured to carry off every thing within their reach, and they even seized one of the boats. Magellan, in revenge, landed with uinety of his. men, killed a number of the inhabitants, set fire to thefr houses, and to stigmatise these islands, called thein Tslat de las LadrcneSy or the Islands of Thieves and Robbers. The people were of an olive complexion; the men went naked, except a few, who wore a kind of bolinet on their heads, made of the leaves of the palm-tree« Their hair was black and very long, reaching down to the waist. They anointed their b^ies with the oil of the cocoa-nut, and stained llieir teeth black or red. The women wore coverings made of the inner bark of the palm-tree; they were much handsomer than the men» and had long, thick, black hair, which reached almost to the ground. While the men were abroad, the women employed themselves at home, in making nets and mats of the palm-tree. Thieir beds consisted of palm-mats, laid one upon another. The weapons of these islanders were clubsj on which they had fixed heads of horn. Their food consisted of fowls, flying-fish, figs, bananas, and cocoa-nuts. The sails of their canoes were made of broad date-leaves, sewed together, and their boats were neral the people were painted all over either black, white, red, or some other colour. They sailed from the Lad rones on the 10th of March^ and next day went a shore at an uninhabited island called Humuna, to which the admiral gave the name of " Good Sighs ;" and here they found excellent water, and abun- dance of fruit trees, with some gold and white coraL During their stay, they were visited by the people of a neighbouring island, Zulvan, who brought them presents of nsh, and wine made from the juice of the cocos^-nut. They invited the admiral into their barks, and being in- vited in return on-board the ships, agireatgun was fired in compliment to them, which was so terrifying, that the visitors with great difficulty were persuaded to stay oa- board. The natives had also in their canoes several kincls of spices, and different ornaments made of gold, which they were accustomed to sell as merchandise. In person they were sliort and thick, of an olive dolour, with gold and jewels in their ears, and pieces of gold fastened to their arms; they had ajso daggers, knives, and lances, orna« mented with the same metal. Tlieir chief clothing was a species of a cloth round the middle, made from the inner bark of some tree, but the principal persons were dis^* tiiiguished by a piece of silk, needle-work wrapped about their heads. The Spaniards continued at this island somewhat more than ten days, during which they recovered, in a great measure, from the effects of their late sufferings ; they were likewise enabled to lay in a considerable store of provisions, wood, and water, for the supply of the ships. They left the place on the 25th of March, and sailing W.S.W., arrived on the 28th at another island, whjich Magellan calls Buthuan, but which is not marked in the modern maps. Two of his officers went on-shore, and were introduced to the king in a building like a great hay-loft, thatched with palm-leaves, and elevated so high on posts of timber, that there was no access, to it but bv ladders. The king coming on-board,, presented Magellan with a quantity of gold and spices, and the admiral gave him in return, two garments of cloth made in the Turkish fashion, one red, and the other yellow ; MAGELLAN. & more great lihey ore of ships, sailiing whjich in the s, aud great Led so i& to it [seated id the made [ellow ; and among those of bis retinae be distributed knives, glasses, and crystal beads. At their meals the natives sat cross-legged, and instead of candles, burnt the gum of a tree wrapped up in palm-leaves. In bis person, the king was comely, his hair black and long, atid bis complexion olive ; be bad gold rings in bis ears, and three on each finger; bis bead was covened with a silken veil, and a piece of cotton wrought with silk and gold hung down to bis knees ; he wore a dagger with a handle of gold, the scabbard being of wood, hollowed, and finely carved. The men were naked, but painted,, but the women had a covering, but only from the waist downwards ; they bad also gold ear-rings. They were frequently seen to eat a fruit like a pear, cut in slices, and rolled up in leaves, like a bay-leaf. Leaving this place, the king's pilots conducted them to the isles of Zeilon, Zubut, Messana, and Caleghan. In Messana they found dogs, cats, hogs, poultry, goats, rice, oranges, wax, and gold. From Messana, the king bearing them company, they sailed to Lubut, distant about seventy leagues, and en- tered the port on the 7th of April, when they fired their greatrguns, to the great terror of the inhabitants. The king of Messana went on-shore, and so represented mat- ters, as to the peaceable intentions of the Spaniards, that the king of Lubut waived the demand of tribute, and ofiered terms of friendship to Magellan. Then, be and bis nephew, with the king of Messana, went on-board the admiral, aAer which Magellan visited the king on shore, and found him sitting on a fine mat made of date- leaves, with a roll of cettoa about bis wabt. On bis head he had a veil of needle- work, a chain of gold about his neck, and jewels in his ears. Before him there lay a number of China vessels, some filled with eggs, and others with date*wine. For their entertauiment, the king made bis daughters dance and sing naked before them. The people had the use of weights and measures, and are represented a^ being remarkably just in all their dealings. Their houses were of timber, at some height above the ground, so that the ascent to them was by stairs. b5 oji^^t'' 10 VOYAGES »OirNl> TITF WORLU^ Magellan persuaded the king and his principal sub»> jects to embrace the Christian religion, and their baptism was- performed with great solemnity. The king was ■amed Charles^ and the prince Ferdinando ;. at the same time the ^cen and forty ladies were baptised, and among thena the prince's wife, who was young and beautiful. Het bead was adorned with a triple crown of date-leaves, and her body was covered with » white cloth. On the conclusion, of the ceremony, and after hearing mass, the king and hift principal people dined on>board the admi* ral's ship, in honour of which visit, all the great ordnance was discharged.. About five hundved persons of inferior nmk were Kkewise baptised, and in eight days time, the whole body of natives, except the inhabitants of one vil- lage, followed their, example ;. whereupon the Spaniards burnt the village, and. erected a cross upon the ruins of it. The idols tiirougbout the island were destroyed, and crosses set up ini many places. In their ti^ific with the jpeople, the Spaniards had many advantages, re- ceivmg ten pe»o» of gold in exchange for fourteen pounds weight of iron, and considerable supplies o^ provisions, lor any kind of toys. FromLubujt, o|r Lebu, one of the Philippine- islands in the neighbourhood of which they continued several weeks, they sailed to the island of Mathan, the inhabit- ants of which offered hogs as sacrifices to the sun, two> aged matrons acting as priestesses,^ singing and dancing ^out the animal, and sounding a kind of trumpet made of Teeds. After several prayers to the sun, with antic £e»tures» one of the women struck the hog dead with a ince, and put a lighted Jamp into its mouth, which con- tiimed burning during the ceremony. Their funeral ce- lemonies were likewise very curious ^ all the principal women sitting veund the corpse of any ehief, &c., nve days successively, clothed in white cotton. , The hair of the deceased person was cut off, after which the widow fung a merry song, &c. The island of Mathan, being gotverned by two kings, and one of them refusinff to pav tribute to the king of Spain, Magellan prepared to reduce him,. The king de- nrtd to l^ on good terms witk the Spaniards, and had piHt them a present of provisions. As to obedience, he MAGELLAN. 11 never ]. with antic would owe none to strangers, of whom he bad before heard. Magellan was accompanied by sixty Europeans, armed with coats of mail and helmets^ and attended by the king of Lebu, with a number of his subjects in canoes. Con- fident iu the superior courage and weapons of his men^ Magellan declined the assistance of the king, and marched to some distance, into the interior of the island. Here he was attacked 'by three distinct bodies of the islanders^ in front and on each flank. Their united force amounted to upwards of six tbousrind ; their arms were bows, ar- rows, darts, and javelins. The battle was for some time doubtful, till the admiral's impetuosity carrying him too far, he was wounded in the legwitb a poisoned arrow^ and his helmet being beaten off his head with stonev,, and being also wounded m the right arm, so that he could not use his sword, ke was brought ta the ground^ then stabbed through the body with a spear, and a lance thrust into his head. Eight or nine of the Spaniards and fifteen of the Indians were also slain. The Spaniards would have redeemed the body of their commander, but the Indians refused to part with it. The king of Lebu, who had embraced the Christian faith, now renounced it, and, in concert with hfs late rival, the king of Mathan, laid a plan for the destruction of the Spaniards. Those of them who remained on- shore were invited to an entertainment, where, during, the repast, they were all murdered, except Don Juan Se|^ rano, whom they kept, in hopes of getting a ransom for him; this the Spaniards on-board would readily have given, but they discovered so much prevarication in the behaviour of the king of Lebu, that, dreading the fate of their companions, they determined to put. to sea. When Serrano saw them about to weigh anchor,, he fell on his knees, imploring their interposition, in the most moving manner, that he might not be left among the savages ; but their fears, as their whole force amounted* to only one hundred a!nd fifteen men, made them deaf to» his entreaties, and what became of him afterwards wasi never known. New commanders were chosen from among the sar- viving officers, and as the ships were now in a very badi condition, it was found necessary to make use of one^ tllft.* 12 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. ^ r u Conception^ to repair the other two, into which the men, amnmnition, and provisions, were transferred. This was at the island ofBohol. One principal object of thi? expedition had been, to reach tlie Molucca islands by a westerly course firom Europe. Before his death, Magellan had ascertained that they were not far iVom the Philippines, and his sur^ viving companions now agreed to proceed rn search of them. Sailing from Boho), or Buhot, in N. lat. 9^ 30', and steering to the S.W. they came to Chipper, a large island about fifty leagues from Lubut, in 8 deg. N. lat., and 170 deg. W. longitude from their first setting out. The island abounded with rice, ginger, goats, hogs, &c. The king received the Spaniards in a friendlv manner, drawing the blood from his right arm and marking his body, face, and the tip of his tongue with it, in token of peace. In this ceremony he was followed by the Spaniards. Here all the men, ammunition, and stores, were landed, and about forty days were occupied in repairing and refitting the ships. Sailing W. and S.W. 40 leagues from hence, they came to Caghaian, a large island, but thinly inhabited, by Ma- bometans, a kind of exiles from Borneo, who had great quantities of gold, and made use of pointed arrows. Hence they, saned to Puloan, an island abounding in figs, baltatos, cocoas, and sugar-canes. The people went naked, used poisoned arrows, and were greatly ad'- dicted to the cruel sport of cock-fighting. Their chief drink was a. kind of wine (arrack) made of rice, and which was found to be very intoxicating. From Puloan they came to the ricb island of Borneo, the chief city of which contained twenty thousand house:?. The king, who was a Mahometan, kept a magnificent court; he sent two elephants adorned with silk to bring the Spanish messengers (with their presents) to his pa- lace, and afterwards he dismissed them with valuable presents. When bis subjects approached the king, they lifted their hands close together three times over their heads, then lifted up each foot, and lastly kissed their bands. The island abounded in cattle, fowls, melons, liucumbers;i sugar, lemons, oranges, mirabolans, ginger,. MAGELLAN. IS camphor, and rice; of which last they make great quan- tities of arrack. From Borneo they sailed to Cimbubon, where they were detained forty days in repairing their ships and fakin'g in wood and water. Ostriches, hogs, and cro- codiles, were found here in great numbers, and they took a fish whose head resembled that of a hog, but with horns on it ; the body appeared to be an eiKire bone, amd the back was shaped like a saddle. Bending their course hence to the S. E. for the Mo». luccas, they came to the islands of Solo Taghima, whence the king of Borneo had received two pearls nearly as big as hens' eggs. Pursuing their course from hence, they arrived at the Island of Sarangaui, where they pressed two pilots for the Moluccas. In this voyage they came to a beauti- ful Mand called Sanger, governed by four kings, and on the 6th of Septemoer, in the twenty-seventh month after their departure from Spain, they discovered five islands, which the pilots pronounced to be ihe Moluccas. The Portuguese bad described them as situated among rocks and shelves, surrounded continually with' dark, thick fogc, and the shores so shallow that it was dan- gerous sailing near them. In sailing through the Archf- pelago,^ the Spaniards had taken possession of some junks, in one of which they found the son of the King of Luzon, whom the commander set at liberty, without consulting the rest of the company. In approaching one of the chief of the Moluccas, they sounded and found the depth of water full a hundred yards, and on the 8th of November, before sun-rise, they came to anchor in the port of Tirridore, or Udore. The king of the island was a Moor, or Mahometan ; he gave the Spaniards a kind reception, calling them his brethren and children, and a friendly intercourse was opened, for the sale and exclmnge of merchandise. The king was displeased that the Portuguese had in preference estabKshed their fort and factory in the island of Ternate. Hereby they were enabled to purchase a large stock of spices, and also to obtain for the ships an abundant supply of provisions. In the island was a sort of tree, the bark or which, after being steeped in water, was drawn out in fine threads like silks ; these 14 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. '■ were made iDto aprons by the womeu, and worn by them as their only garments. From Triridore they passed to the great island or fifteea liar; for lie same The in- ily, and le cloves^ mt aftcr- the Mo- wo dead lis, small lers only, g a light nd blows light they Birds of erent pro- s. ginger,. s, oranges , the taste of honey a poultry^ Tirridore, > adjacent lo the Isle ^hip Tri- 9, and she- »secute the »pears that; Traffic at Tidore. I Drake's first sight of the South Sea. n vi I I i IfAOBLLAN. V^ An^ now the Vktoria alone, (forty-six Spaniards and tbirteen Indians) with fifty-nine persons on-board, set sail for Europe ; J. Sebastian del £leano had been ap- pointed commander at the island of Borneo. Tbev passed in sight of Ambuno, (so ii» the Spanish original) or Amboyna^ and the Banda isles, steering on the out- side of Sumatra, and aroiding the Portuguese settlements;. At MaUua> which lies in 8* degrees S. lat. they Staid fifteen days to repair the ship. The people were can- nibals; their arms were bows and arrows, and they wore their hair and beards twisted up in canes. Sailing hence W. and N. W. in a long course, they (»me to the island of Eude-, where cinnamon was found growing in great abundance. To double the Ca))e of Good Hope with the greater safety, they sailed as low as 42 degrees S. lat. where they were obliged to wait seve» weeks for a wind. Wheix they supposed they were approaching the Cape, they looked out for land, and discovered part of the coast, or coasts of Africa, stretching m a N. £. and S. W. direction; and on doubling the Cape, they were so dis- tressed by hunger and sickness, tliat, the crew beings assembled,, many of them proposed to put in. at some port in Africa for refreshmeqt ; but* from a dreads of the- Portuguese,, the minority resolved on sailing home. Thi& was on the 1st of July, 1532, at the distance of about twelve leagues, from the Cape Verd islands, For two months they held on their course to the N. W. with- out touching at any port, during which thev lost twenty- one persons, and Uie rest were emaciated^ and on the point of starving.. la this- situation, they arrived at St, Jagoi one of the* €|ape deVerd islands, where they discovered, for the first time, that they differed one whole dayin their rack* oning of tim« ft»m the inhabitants of that island. Qii» going ashor9 and representing their deplorable cireum- stances, the Portuguese were not backward in. relieving- their necessitie»r but,, on » party landing a second tine, to purchase some negroes and provisions, and to pay for them with* cloves, (clavo) they were made prisoners,, and the rest who. were left on- board were required to surrender. Sebaatiaa continued ta insist on the delivei^ o^ his. 16 VOYAGE* KOUND THE WORLD. men, a bark belonging to the island passing and repass- ing between the ship and the shore; till at~ length, sus- pecting some foul play, he weighed anchor, having on- board only twenty-two men, sick and able. The wind being fair they crowded sail, and on the 4th of Septem- ber came within sight of Cape St. Vincent. On the 7th, 1522, they eDtered St. Lucar, with a, number now re- ~ duced to about eighteen persons. According to their reckoning, they had sailed 14,000 leagues, and crossed the equator six times, having been absent three years wanting fourteen days. Of the fifty-nine that sailed from the Moluccas, some had been put to death in the island- of Timor for bad conduct, thirteen were detained by the Portuguese at St. Jago, and twenty or more died in the passage. At Seville, the ship's company returned thanks to Providence for their safe return r and at Valladolid, where the eourt resided, Eleano and the otlier principal officers waited on the emperor, with sueli natives of the distant islands as had survived the voyage, and with the presents sent by their ships. Among these were several Chinese swords and mamucos, with the rare birds, and abundance of rich spices. The emperor Charles V. bestowed nobl^ rewards on all who had been employed in the expedition, and the whole value of the rich cargo was distributed amongst them. The leaders he distinguished in a particular manner; a patent of nobility was granted to Juan Se- bastian, and an annual pension of 500 ducats for his life. For his arms, the emperor gave him the terrestrial globe, with this motto; * Primus me circumdedisti,' — 'Thou hast first surrounded me.' Sebastian and his companions were honoured by the whole Spanish nation at large; and the venerable bark, the Vittoria, became a worthy subject for the ingenuity of the poets, and as furnishing matter for sundry historical and romancing accounts. The new-discovered strait had at first assumed the name of Vittoria, but it was soon afterwards known by the name of Magellan, which it has retained ever since^ sus- g on- wind iw re- their 'ossed years , some ►r bad lese at e. At idenee e eourt waited islands its sent Chinese ndance rds on ind the mongst rticular uan Se- his life. 1 globe, ou hast )anions large ; Iwotthy [nishing Icounts. led the |own by since.. [ 17 1 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. "t jMr. drake was first apprenticed to the master of a small vessel trading to France and Zealand ; at the a|t» of eighteen he went purser of a ship to the Bay of Bis- cay, and at twenty made a voyage to the coast of Guinea. In 1565, he went to the West Indies, and in 1567, served under his kinsman Sir John. Hawkin3, in the bay of Mexico. Being a consideral^l» loser by the two last voyages, he made a third in 1570, with two ships, the Dragon and the Swaa; and in, the following year swied again to the same parts with the Swan only, with a, view to gain such experience and information as might qu^iff him to undertake some voyage of more importance.. On the 24th of May, 1572, he sailed from Plymouth in the Pasca, burden seventy tons, in company with the Swan, burden two hundred and fifty tons, commanded by Ilia brother, John Drake, with seventy-three men and boys, and provisions for a year. In I'.'s voyage he sacked the town of Nombre de Dios, ,8 t afterwards from a high tree saw the south seas, v/ r-u inspired him with an ardent desire of car- ryjng an English ship thither. Drake was a great gainer by this expedition, but his generosity and love uf justice were very extraordinary, an instance of which is worth recording. Having presented a cutlass to a prince of the free Indians inhabiting the Isthmus of Darien, the prince gave him in return four large wedges of gold, which he threw i«Mto the coqimon stock, liaying, " My owners gave me tbatcutlass, and it is but just they should have their share of its produce.'' In his return to England, Captain Drake sailed from the capes of Florida to the isles of Scilly in twenty-three days, and arrived at Plymouth on Sunday the 9tli . of August, 1573, haying been absent one year, two months, and some daya,. The riches he had acquired he spent with great generosity in the service of his country, fitting out three frigates at his own expence, which he commanded in person, under Walter Earl of Essex^ against the rebels in Ireland. I' After the death of Essex, Drake applied himself to Sir Christopher Hatton,^ vice^ch^mberlain to the queeo^ w VOYAaES ROlTNn THE WORtl>. by whose interest lie at length obtained the queen's per- mission for an expedition against the Spaniards. His friends contributed largely towards this expe> dition, for which five ships were fitted out. The Pelican^ which he named the Hind, burden one hundred tons» commanded by himself; the Elizabeth of eiglity tons^ John ;Winter, captain ; the Marigold, a bark of thirty tons burden, John Thomas, commander ; the Swan, a fly^boat of Hfty tons, commanded by Joha Chester; aiid a pinnace of fifteen tons, of which Thomas Moon was the commander. The ships had one hundred and sixty- four able men on-board, a large quantity of provisions^ together with four pinnaces stowed in pieces, to be put together whenever they might be wanted. It is said that all the vessels for the captain's table, and many belonging to the cook>room, were of silver, and other furniture on-board proportionably grand. This fleet sailed out of Plymouth Sound the dth of N»vember» 1577 ; but meeting with a violent storm* in which several of the ships were damaged, were obliged' to put back and refit. On the 13th of December they sailed again with a favourable wind, and saw no land till the 251 h, when they passed Cape Cantin, on the coast of Barbary ; and, on tlie 27tbj came to. the island of Mogador, lying one mile out at sea, be- tween which and the continent they found a safe har- bour, where the iidmiral gave directions for putting together one of the pinnaces, which they brought from England. While the men were engaged in this business,, some of the inltabitants came down, and making signs of peace, the admiral sent one of his men on-shore, where-^ upon two natives ventured on-board, and told them by si^ns, that the next day they would supply the ships, with provisions, for which kind offer the adnyral gav& them linen-cloth, shoes, and a javelin. The next day they came to the sea-side, agreeable lo their promise, when one of the men, whose name was Fry, leaped hastily among them, imagining they had been friends, when they seiaed him, and threatening to stab him if be made any resisiance, carried him up into the country.. The sailors were about to attempt to rescue Fry, but fieeiqg others of the natives appear from places where STR FRANCIS DRAKE. 1^ per- 5XpC- tons,^ tons,, thirty an, a. ; ahr such of the king's ships as called there. They arrived here on the 27th of January, but the inhabitanis could not trade with them, being forbidden by the kina^s order, and had left their villages^ The next day tne adniiiral lianded a bod> of men, with orders to march into the country, which they found ejttremely fertile^ producing great quantities of cocoas, figs, and a very delicate sort of grapes. This island abounded with, salt, dried by the beat of the sun; and tliey fbund many, goats, and kids, dead and dried, which the inhabitants bad laid in their way, but they did not think proper tO; accept of them. Leaving this place on the 3lst, they sailed by the island of Jago, and seeing two Portuguese vessels under sail,, took one laden with wine; but the admiral detained only the pilot, discharging the master and his crew, and giving them some provisions, a butli of wine, their wearing-apparel, and one of his own pin- naces. Three pieces of cannon were fired at them from. th,e island, but did, them no damage. They arrived, thfis 20 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. ,saine . Evening at Del Fiiego, or the Burning Islstnd, so called from a volcano on its north side, from which con- stantly issues, smoke and 4ame. To the south of Del Fuego they discovered the beau- . liful island of Brava, covered with ever-greens, and watered with cooling streams, which pour themselves into the sea, which is so deep round it, that there is no possibility of coming to an anchor. Bui some of the sailors going on-shore found a poor hermit, whose cell was furnished with an ill-contrived alt^r, some images badly carved, and a crucifix; and this man ap- peared to be the only inhabitant of the place. Quitting this group, they sailed towards the line, being sometimes tossed by tempests, and at others quite becalmed. They saw numbers of dolphins, bonitos, and fiying^fish, which being pursued by the sharks, frequently flew out of tlie water, and their fins'drying, they dropped oathe ships, and were unable to rise again. Having passed the line, they at length discovered the coast of Brazil-on the 5th of April, being fifty-four days since they saw land. As soon as. the people onrshore saw the ships, they made large fires in different parts, and performed venous ceremonies to prevail on the gods to sink the vessels, or at least to prevent their landing. • On the 7th, in a storm of lightning, rain, and th^ndey, they lost the Christopher, but happily met with her again on the 11th, at a place which the admiral called Cape Joyji where they, found a iiarbour between a, large cock and the main, in wluch the ships rode in. safety. At this place they^ found no oth^ iphabitants but herds of w.ild-deer« but the sailors discovered the print of human feet in the sand. The air was mild,, and the soil cich and fertile. They killed several; seals on the rock, which tliey found to be wholesome food, though not extremely pleasant. Ilaving taken in water,, they sailed foe the great river Plate;, where, finding no good har^ hour, they put to sea again, and came to a. good bay, in which were several islands stpckcd with seals and fowls, and aibounding in fresh water. The admiral going on- shore, the natives came raping and dancing alM>ut him, and seemed, extremely - Jng to trade, but would tou^li pothipg but what w. fi. U thrown down on the ground. Thd M^arigold ^.i,d thie Christophei;, having; bqeo setU I, 80 con- and jelves is no >f the whose some ianap- uiUing letimes They ^ which ; of tlie e ships, ared the »ur days onrshore nt parts, the godfi laiidins* thvindeY, «th her j\ called M a,large in. safety, lut herds print of d the soil llhe rock, lOUgh not liey sailed rood har- !d bay, in ind iowls, going on- thout him, huld tonch [le ground* been s€;n^ tlllt FRANCfIS DRAKE. ft to discover a convenient harbonr, reHimed with the* agreeable news that they had found t>ne, whereupon all ' the fleet sailed thither. The admiral, having no farther^ use for the Swan, t>rdered her to be burnt, having firrt divided her provbinns and iron^work among the rest of the fleet. While they were employed on-shore, the natives came to them without fear; they had a covering made of wild-beast skins about the middle, wore some- thiue ^rapped round their 4ieads, and had their iac« and bodies painted. They had bows of art ell long, 'and two arrows 'each. T*vo them being pleased with the' admirars bat, snal' "d i AT his head, su. an away with it, dividing the prize between them, one taking the hat, and the other the lace. Sailing hence f Queen Elidmbc^ and «fter^^rds arrived safe in England. Being now ^arrived at the other mouth of tbe strait, they steered for thecOa^t of Cfaill, and on tbe 20th of November oust anchor at the island of Moeh:., where 4be admiral, with ten men, went ol ahore. The inba^ bitants were such as the extreme Cruelty- of the Spa- niards had obliged to seek a refuge here; and they behaved very civilly, |(iving the adauial two fiit sheep and some potatoes, in exchange for gome trifling pre» sent». And now -oontinwag their course for Chili', they «bore to give notice of the coming ?dt the Englisli: upon which, the inhabitants quitting the town, the admiral secured his prise, aud tbenTgoing on-sliotei rifled the town and tsfaapd, from which lie took a silver chalice, and other articles. They also found in the town a large quantity of Chili wine, which the admiral sent on-board, and then steered for Lima, tfae capital of Peru, having first discharged all his prisoners except one, wboin he kept for a pilot. Proceeding to scathe admirarexamvtied the value of the booty he had taken, which exceeded thirty-seven thousand Spanish .ducats, y>f pure gold of Baldivia: Continuing their course they pnt into the harbour of Coquimbo, where the admiral sending fourteen men on-shore to fetch water, the Spa- niards sent three hundred horse and two hundred foot to attack them ; but the English making a good retreat, reached their vessels with the loss of onlv one man, who was shot,; and th? next day, the admiral ordering some SlR FBANCI8 DBAkE. Hi Hit his people on-shore to bury him, the Spaniards dis- played a flag of truce ; but the sailors doubting their -sincerity, returned to the ships as soon as thejjr had buried their companion. From this place they sailed to the port of Tarapaxa, where some of them going ashore^ found a Spaniard asleep, with eighteen bars of silver, worth four thousand Spanish ducats, la^^ing by his sidcv which they took away without waking him ; and not far from the same place, gobs ashore for water, they met a Spaniard and an Indian driving "eight Peruvian sheep^ each sheep having on his back *two leather bags, and each bag containing ^fty-two pounds weight x>f very ^ne silver. They took awa^r the load, -and j>ermitted the Indian and Spaniard to drive on the sheefK Entering the port *of Lima on tlie 19th of Februai^ they found twelve sail >of slirps ^ "anclior vngvardedv the' crews being all on-shore. ]^xamini3ig;tfaese vessels^ they found a chest £lled with i^ls t>f |>late, which, toge^ tber witb some -silks and linen, ihey made priae of; but having iatelHgence that a rich ship catted the Cacafue^ was lately sailed from that liarbour for Paita, the ad- miral determined to follow her, but, on his nrrival at Paita, found she had sailed for Panama. They met with another prize, however, in which^ besides ropes ^nd other useful tackling for ships, they found eiglity pounds weight of gold, and a cmcitix of the same metai> adorned with emerakls: but resolving still to proceed in search of the t^acafuego, the admiral promised a gol- den chain, which he ususdly wore about his neck, to the £rst person who should discover her; which fell to the share of Mr. John Drake, who first saw her about three o'clock in the afternoon. Having come up with the t;hase about six o'clock, they gave her three shots, which brought away the mizeii-mast, whereupon they boarded her, and found thirteen chests full of rials of pfate, eighty pounds weight of gold, a quantity of jewels, and twenty*- six tons of silver in bars. The admiral finding, among other rich pieces of ^iate^ two large silver bowls gilt, which belonged to the pilot, told him he must have one of them, which the pilot readily complied with, delivering the other to the ad^*- niiral's steward at the same time. Continuing their course to the west, they met with a ship laden with 24 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. linen doth, «hina dishes, andjsilks^ from the owner of which, a Spaniard, who was tlien on-board, thead- miral took a falcon of massy gold, with a large emerald in the breast of it; after which, they seized suchof fhe effects as they chose, and dismissed the vessel, keeping the pilot of her for their own service. This pilot con- ducted them to the harbour of Guatulco, in which town he said there were only seventeen Spaniards. The ad- miral and some of his people going on-shore, entered fhe town, and proceieding directly to the iiall t>f justice, found a court sitting, and the judge ready to pass sen- tence t>n several poor negroes, who were accused of a plot to fire tlie town. But the admiral seized every person present, and sent them en-board his ship; from whence be compelled the judge to write to the people of the town, to keep at a distante, and not attempt to make any resistance. This being done, 'they ransacked the place, but found nothing of value, except a bushel of rials of plate and a chain of gold set with jewels, which an English sailor took from a rich Spaniard who was ^ying out of the town. Mr. Drake baving now revenged both himself and liis country on the Spaniards, began to think of the i>e8t way of returmng to England. To return by the strait of Magellan, (and as yet no other passage had •been discovered) itould, lie thought, be to throw himself into the iiands of the Spaniards; he therefore deter- mined to sail westward to the East Indies, and so fol- lowing the Portuguese course,, to return home by the Cape of Good Hope. Dut wanting wind, he was ob^ liged to sail toward the north, in which bourse, having icontinued at least six hundred leagues, and being got I into forty-three degrees nort4i latitude, they found it intolerably cold, upon ivhich they steered southwards, into tNirty-eiglrt degrees north latitude, where they dis- covered a country, which, from its white cliiFs, they called New Albion, though it is now known by the name of California. They here discovered a bay, which entering with a favourable gale, they found several huts by the water- side, well defended from the severity of the; 'weather. The men go quite naked, but the women have a deer- skin over their shoulders, and round their waists a i owneT , thc-ad- emerald :h of tiie keeping lilot con- icli town The ad- tered the • justice, pass seno used of a ted every lip I from people of •t to make acked the bushel of els, vhich I who was tnself and uk of the rn by the issage had ow himself fore deter- ind so fol- me by the he was oh* rse, having i being got y found it outh wards, re they dis- cliifs, they )y the name ring with a the waier- le * weather. Iiave a deer- ir waists a Drake taking the Silver Bowl. Drake made Sovereign of Califorma. \ \ SIR FBANCIS DRAKE. 96 eovering of bull-rushes, dressed after the manner of hempt. These peofile bringing the admiral a present of fea- thers, and cauls of net-work, he entertained them so kindly- and generously, that they were extremely pleased, and soon afterwards sent him a present of feathers anid bags of tobacco. A number of them coming to deliver it, gathered themselves together at the top of a small hill, from the highest point of which one harangued the admiral, whose tent was placed at the bottom : whea the speech was ended, they laid down their arms, and came down, oftering presents, at the same time return- ing what the admiral J^ad given them. The arrival of the English at Calilbmia being soon known throughout the country, two persons, in thecharao* terof ambassadors, came to the admiraland informed him, in the best manner (hey were able, that their king would visit him, if he might be assured of coming in safety Being satisfied in this point, a numerous comprtny sO' :i appeared, in the front of which was a very comely person, bearing a kind of sceptre, on which hung two crowns, and three chains of great length. The chains w re made of bones, and the crowns of net- work, curioi.siy wrought with feathers of various colours. The men being drawn up in line-of> battle, the admiral jitood ready to receive the king within the fences of his tent. The company having halted at a distance, the sceptre-bearer made a speech, half-an-hour long, at I he •end of which he began singin«^ and dancing, in which he was followed by the king and all the peo|)le, who, con- tinuing to sing and dance, came quite up to the tents ; when sitting down, the king took off his crown of fea- thers, placed it on the admiral's head, and put on him the other ensigns of royalty ; and lie also .i^^^de him a solemn tender of his whole kingdom : all which the ad- miral accepted, in the name of the queen, his sovereign, in hopes that thej>e proceedings might, onti time or other« contribute to the advantage of England. The admiral and some of hts people traveUing to a distance up the country, saw such a number of rabbits, that it appeared an entire warren: they also saw deei in such plenty as to run a thousand in a herd. The earth of the country seemed to promise rich veins of C ^ VOYAGES ROUJ^D THE WORLD. gold and silver, some of the ore being constantly found upon digging. Tiie enterprising commander at his de- parture set up a pillar with a large plate on it, on which vas engraved her majesty's name, picture, arms, and title to the country, together with his own name, and the time of his arrival there. Sailing from this hospitable country, they lost sight of land till the 13th of October, when they saw the LadroUe islands, from whence came off a great numb come on-board again the nesit day ; and that evening sent him a quantity of rice, fowls, fruit, sugar, and other provisions. The king did not go aiKKsrd ilie next morning, but sent his brother and the vioe^oy to invite Drake on-shore, while they were to remain fii- board as hostages for his safe return. The admiraLidid not think proper to accept the invitation, but sent it^we of his officers on-shore, detaining only the viceroy till they came back. They were received on their landipg by another of the king's brothers, and several persons 9^ quality, and conducted to the castle in great state, where they found a court of at least a thousand persons, the chief of whom were sixty elderly men, who formed the council, and four envoys from Arabia, in scarlet robes and turbans, who were there to njegociate matters of trade between Muscat and Ternate. The king came in, guarded by twelve persons bearing lances, while a large canopy of gold cloth was borne over his head. He wifts covered with a gold tissue ; in his hair were fastened a number of gold rings by way of. ornament, and a large chain of the same metal hi^ng round his neck ; his \^g% were uncovered, but he wore shoes of a kind of red leather, and several rings set with jewels on his fingers* c2 VOYAGES ROUND THE ^ORLD. He spoke to the English gentlefiien with great kindness, •nd sent one of his council to conduct them back to the ship. He is a powerful prince, having the government of seventy islands, besides Ternate, which is the chief of the Moluccas. The religion of the country is Maho- metanism. Mr. Drake having dispatched all his business at Ter- nate, weighed anchor, and sailed to a little island south of Celebes, or Macassar, where they staid twenty-six days, in order to repair the iron-work of the ship. In this island are bats as big as hens, and a sort of land qray-fish, which dig holes in the earth like rabbits, and are so large, that one of them is sufficient to dine four persons. Flere they obscr^'ed a sort of shinifig flies, in g;reat multitudes, which flying up and down between the trees and bushes in the night, make them appear as if they were on Are. The whole island is covered with trees, very high and straight, without boughs, except at the top, the leaves of which are like English broom. Setting sail hence, they ran among a number of small islands, and the wind shifting about suddenly, drove them upon a rock, at eight in the evening of the 0th of January, 1579, and stuck fast till four in the afternoon of the next day. f n this extremity they lightened the ves- •el, by taking out eight pieces of ornnance, some provi- aions, and three tons of cloves; and the wind as suddenly changing again, they made sail, and happily got off. On the 8th iif February, they fell in with the fruitful island of Baretene, the people of which have very comely per- •ons ; and their punctuality in all tlieir dealings, and civil tnd courteous beliaviour to strangers, is very extraordi- nary. The men have a covering for their heads, and ano- ther round their waist, and the women are clothed from the middle to the feet, besides which, they load their arms with eight bracelets, made of bone, brass, or horn, 4he least of which weighs two ounces. Leaving Barei ;ne, they sailed for Java-Major, where they met with courteous and honourable entertainment. The island is governed by five kings, who live in perfect friendship with each other. They had once four of theil' miyesties on ship-board at a time, and the company of two or three of them very often. The people of Java •re stout, active, warlike, and go well armed with dag- SIR FRANCIS DRAKB. S9 gen, swordt, and targets, of their own manufacture, and very curious. Their sociableness is such, that in each village they have a public-house, to which each person carries such provision as he has ; and here they daily join to make k, feast, for the promotion of good- fellowship. They i;ave a method of boiling rice peculiar to themselves ; first putting it into an earthen-pot, in the figure of a sugar-loaf, open at the greater end, and per-^ ibrated all over; and fixing this in a large earthen-pot full of boiling-water, the rice swells and fills the holes of the pot, so tiiat only a small quantity of water can enter. By this method the rice is brought to a firm consistence, and at length caked into a sort of bread,* which, with butter, oil, sugar, and spices, makes a very pleasant food. They sailed from hence on the 26tli of March ; on tlie 18th of June, they doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and on the 22d of July arrived at Sierra Leone, on the coast of Guinea, where they found a great number of elephants, and saw trees on the shore with oysters hanging to them, on which they lived and multiplied. They also found lemons in plenty, .vith which, and the o\sters, all the crew were greatly refreshed after their fatigue; having put in at no place since they left Java. They stayed here two days, taking in wood, water, and refreshments,' when sailing homewards, they were off the Canaries on the 26th ; but, being in no want of provisions, held on their course for Plymouth, and arrived on Monday, the 26th of September, 1580 ; but, according to their ovvn reckoning, on Sunday the 25tli; having gone round the world in two years, ten months; and a few days. On the 4th of April, 1581, Queen Elizabeth dined on- board Admiral Drake's shipat Deptford; and, after dinner, conferred on him the honour of knighthood, telling him, at the same time, that his actions did him more honour than his title. His ship was preserved many years, and when she became decayed, a chair was made from some small remains of it, which is still shewn as a curiosity at Oxford. By this voyage, England acquired the honour of having the first commander-in chief who had sailed round the world, Magellan having been killed on bit voyage, as before related. it VOYAGES ROUND THE WOSLD. SIR THOMAS CAVENDISH.— 1586-88. Thomas cavendish, of Tremley, in the county of Suffolk, esquire,wasa gentleman of a considerable family, •nd possessed a large estate near Ipswich. He had an early inclination to the sea, which he indulged on his coming of age, by converging part of his 'estate into mo- ney, with which he fitted out a stout vessel, of 120 tons burthen, called the Tyger, and in which he accompanied Sir Richard Greenville in his voyage to Virginia, in 1585; and having encountered many dangers and difficulties, without any advantage, returned safe to Falmouth on the 6th of October in the same year. In this voyage having seen a great part of the Spanish West-Indies, and had an opportunity of conversing with several persons who had sailed through the South Seas with Sir Francis Drake, who was by this time raised to the head of his profession, he became emulous of attempting a like adventure; and, therefore, as soon as he returned home, sold or mortgaged a part of his estate to raise money for equipping Iwo ships proper for the expedi- tion. So intent was he on the business, that in less thaU' a month his carpenters began to work on the large ves- sel; and his little squadron was entirely completed and properly furnished iu less than half-a-year. Having provided such sea-charts, maps, draughts, and accounts of former voyages as could be procured ; and having, by means of his patron. Lord Hunsdon, then lord-chamberlain, obtained a commission from Queen Elieabeth, he embarked at Harwich, on the 10th of July,. 1586, on- board the largest ship, called the Desire, burtheu 140 tons, having with him the Content, burthen GO tons, and a bark, called the Hugh Gallant, of 40 tons, well supplied, at his own expence, with provisions for two years, and manned with 126 officers and sailors. From this port he steered to Plymouth, whence he sailed again on the 25th, and on the next day fell in with eight ships from Biscay, one of which attacked the admi- ral, but meeting with a warm reception, sheered off. On the 6th of August, they fell in with the island of Forteventura, from which they continued their voyage to Cape Blanco, on the coast of Guinea, by which time SIR THOMAS CAVENDISH. M the officers and men beginning to con;.plain much of the scurvy, it was determined to put them on-shore as soon as opportunity offered. On the 25th, fell in with the south-side of Sierra Leone, wiiere, going on-shore, they destroyed a negro-town ; while a negro killedone of their men with a poisoned arrow. On the 3d of September their boat went four miles up the harbour, and procured a great many lemons, caught a large quantity of fish, and on their return saw a great number :\ buffaloes. Quitting the harbour of Siena Leone on the 6th of September, they anchored next day at two miles distance from onf! of the Cape de Verd islands, where, going on-shore, they found an Indian town deserted by its inhabitants, whg had left a considerable quantity of provisions behind. They departed from this island on the 10th, and, on the last day of October, sailing W. S.W. on the coast of Brazil, discovered a mountain with a high round supu/- rait, which at a distance resembled a town. On the Is^ of November, sailed in between the town of St. Sebagi- tian and tiie main-land ; and, going ou-sho^e, employed themselves till the 2dd of the month, in erecting a forge^ building a piunaco, and repairing the damages of their ships. They reached a harbour on the coast of Southr America on the 27th of November, which the admiral entering first, called Port-Desire, from the name of hiy •hip. Near this harbour, which is very convenient, they found a great quantity of seals and grey gulls. Going on-shore the savages wounded two of the sailors witb their arrows, which were made of canes, and headed witl} flints. -These people were of a prodigious stature, th^ length of one of their feet being eighteen inches, aqd their height seven feet or better. When one of theai| dies, he is buried in a tomb formed of stones, by tlm seaside, and a number of shells laid under his head* When the admiral left the place, he called them Patago^ nians, and the account of them agrees tolerably well wit^ that of Magellan. Leaving Port-Desire on the 28th of December, and continuing a course S.W. and by S., they fell in with a, great cape on the 3d of January, which reaches to the^ opening of the Straits of Magellan. Anchoring under^ this cape, a violent storm arose, which lasted three daysi, they parted from their cable, and on the 6lh entered tbfi 82 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. •traits, which were in some places very narrow, and in others five or six leagues wide. On the next day tiley met with a Spaniard, who informed them there were twenty-two more of the same nation in the vicinity, being all that remained of four hundred, who had been left there three years before. On the 81 h they anchored at Penguin Island, so called from that bird, great numbers of which were killed and salted; and next sailed south mnd south-west, to a place built by the Spaniards, called Cividad del Rey Felippe, oi; King Philip's Cily, which had four forts or bastions, each fort having one piece of cannon, which had been buried, and the carriages left standing. They sailed hence through several channels, frequently steering different courses to the mouth of the straits opening to the Pacific Ocean, which, owing to contrary winds and the badness of the weather, they did not reach till the 23d of February. On the 24th they entered the South Sea; and, on the 1st of March, in a great storm, at night, parted from the Hugh Gallant, about 45 leagues firom land, and in 49 degrees south latitude. The storm continued about three days, during which this vessel sprung a leak, and it was with the utmost ditiiculty the men could keep her from sinking; but, on the 15th, in the morning, she met the other ships between the island of St. Mary and the maiQ-land. The admiral and the Content had secured themselves two days, during the violence of the storm, at the isle of Mocha, in 38 degrees south latitude, M'here some of the company gv'>ing on-shore well armed, were attacked by the Indians, armed with liows and arrows. On the 16th the admiral went onshore, attended by eighty men, well armed, and were met by two Indians, who treated them with great respect, and conducting them to a chapel built by the Spaniards, near which were many storehouses, filled with wheat and barley, equal in gdodness to that of England. Cavendish invited the two Indians on-board, who, after some time, perceiving they were not among Spaniards, began to talk much about the gold mines, intimating by signs, that if they would go across the country to Aranco, they might furnish themselves with as much of that metal as they pleased. But this the admiral did not think fit to do, and having- SIR THOMAS CAVENDISH. 9$ supplied himself with a good stock of corn, hogs, fowlt, potatoes, and dried dog-fish, determined to continue hit voyage. They left this place on the 18th, and next day anchored at an island called the Conception; sailing thence, they came to the bay of Quintero on the 30th, and, on the last of the month, fifty men, well armed, marched several miles up the country, which they found well stocked with wild cattle, horses, dogs, bares, rabbits, and part- ridges : they also saw several rivers, near which were great quantities of wild-fowl. Having proceeded as far as the mountains, they refreshed themselves on the banks of a pleasant river, and returned to their ships at night. A party of two hundred Spanish horse were in pursuit of the detachment that day, but being seen, would not venture to attack them ; however, on the 1st of April, while the English were on-shore filling water, the Spa- niards poured down two hundred cavalry from the hills upon them, who killed several, and took a few prisoners; btit a reinforcement of fifteen English coming up, rescued their companions, killed twenty-four of the Spaniards^ and drove the rest to the mountains. After this they continued taking in water unmolested for four day«, and then put off to an island at the distance of a league, abounding with penguins and other fowl, with which baring plentifully stocked the ships, they continued their, voyage north-west. On the 15th they iirrived at an excellent harbour, called Moro-Moreno, so formed by the situation of an island as to admit a ship at either end. At this place, the admiral went on shore with thirty men, and was plen- tifully supplied with wood and water, by the Indians, who brought it on their backs. These harmless people lived in a very wild manner, though kept greatly in sub- jection by the Spaniards. They conducted the admiral and his party to their houses, which were about two miles from the harbour, composed of two or three forked sticks stuck in the ground, a few rafters being laid across from one to the other ; and the whole covered with boughs. They subsisted on stinking fish, and their beds^ were the skins pf wild beasts, spread on the floor. Leaving Moro-IMoreno, they proceeded till the 3d of May, and then anchored in a bay, near three small townt; c5 M VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. i s in about 13 degrees south latitude, called Pisca, Chincha, and Paracca, where, going on-shore at the ibriner, they fo«nd some houses deserted by the inhabitants. Here they supplied themselves with wine, bread, %s, and poul- try; but the sea ran so high they could not get on-shore at Paracca, which was the principal place. They also found here two ships laden with sugar, molasses, maize, cordovan skins, and other effects, out of which they took what they chose, put the people on-shore, and burnt the vessels. It was judged that the cargo of one of these ships would have yielded them twenty thousand pounds, had a proper market for it been at hand. Sailing hence, they came, on the 26th, to the road of Paita, the town of which name is a neat well-built place, containing about two hundred houses. The admiral landing, with seventy men, drove the inhabitants to the hills,, from whence they fired small-shot upon his party, bikt the Spaniards would not come to close quarters ; whereupon the English, having possessed themselves of the town, marched in pursuit up the hills, completely routed them, and brought back considerable property, which they had hid among the mountains. Having sei^ied twenty-five pounds weight of silver, in pieces of eight, they set fire to the town, and to a vessel which lay in the harbour, embarking while the place was in fiames. Sailing hence to Puna, an island in one degree south' latitude, they found a ship of 250 tons burthen in the harbour, which they sunk, and went on-shore. Th8hore the same day, attacked and routed one hundred $1^ iards armed with muskets, and two hundred Indians Wiibt bows and arrows ; and then, destroying their or- chards, abo burnt four large ships upon the stocks, togt^ ther with the town, which consisted of three hundred li$>m«i^ which was reduced to a heap of rubbish. Cavendish Passing the Strait of Mugetlan, Cavendish Burns the Town of Puila, SIR THOMAS CAVBMDI&R. ' : On the 1st of July gained a sight of New Spain, ii the distance of four leagues from land ; and on the'dl^ took a new ship of 120 tons, which having rifled, and taken her pilot, one Sancius, and the crew on-board, they set on fire ; and the next day also took a bark, which was destined to give intelligence of their arrival along the coast. About the middle of August the admiral and thirty men went in the pinnace to Port Nativity, in 19. degrees north latitude, where Sancius, the pilot of the former ship they had taken, informed him that a rich prize would be found ; but, before their arrival, she had sailed twelve leagues fartiier, to fish for pearls. They, liowever, took a mulatto, who had been sent to give notice of their ar- rival along the coast of Neuva Gallicia, and having burnt the town of Nativity, with two vessels of two hundrc^^ tons burthen on the stocks, they returned to their shlpf*. On the 26th, sailed into the bay of St. Jago, where, having watered, caught a considerable quantity of fish, and taken some pearls, they left it on the 2d of September ; next day sailed a league to the westward of Port Nativity, into the bay of Malacca, where the admiral and about thirty of his men went ashore to a little Indian town, called Acatlan, consisting of upwards of twenty housef and a church, to which they set fire, and went on-board again in the night. This bay they left on the 4tb, and sailing along the coast with a fair wind, arrived in the^ load of Chacalla four days afterwards. On the day after their arrival, the commander sent forty men, with the pilot (Sancius) as a guide^ through the woods into the country, where they found a few lik- dian and Spanish families, and one of Portuguese, all of whom they made prisoners, and carried on-board the ships. The admiral employed the women to fetch plan- tanes, lemons, oranges, and other fruit on-bOard ; and as a reward for their industry, discharged all their hus- bands, except Diego, a Portuguese, and Sembrano, a Spanish, carpenter. On the 24th entered the road of Massatlan, which lies under the tropic of Cancer, where they found plenty of fine fish, and the adjacent country abounded with fruit. They left it again on the 27th» putting in at an island a league to the northward, vrhert they cleaned their ships» and new>built thdr piuiiMA^ YOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD. >V:'t' Bciog nowmuch in want of water, one Flores, a Sp* prisoner, advised them to dig in the sand, to \lw u-: of three feet, where they found a sufficient quantii; 'o« the use of the crew. They sailed from this island on the 9th of October, and on the 14th fell in with Cape St. Lucar, on the we. t point of California, a place which, as Sir Francis Drake's people had observed before, exactly resembles the Nee- dles at Ihe Isle of Wight. A tine bay, called by the Spaniards Aguada Segura, the banks of which are in- habited by a great.number of Indians during the sum- JBcr season, is situated within this cape. At this place they jnratered, and wailed for the Acapulco ship, till the 4tfa of November, on which day, in the morning, one of the admiral's crew, going up the top-mast head, saw a vessel coming in. from the sea, on which he cried out, "A sail! a sail!" £very thing being immediately prepared, the admiral chased her nearly four hours, when coming up he saluted her with a broadside, and a volley of small shot. She appeared to be the St. Anne, a Spanish vessel, of seven Jiundred tons burthen; some of the AdmiraPs people immediately boarding her, found the crew provided with javelins, targets, and great stones, with which the Spa- niards attacked the English and forced them to retire,^ with the loss of two men killed, and several wounded.. The admiral now gave them a second salute with his treat and small arms, by which a great number were illed, but they still continued fighting, till a third broadside obliged them to yield or sink; whereupon they flung out a flag of truce, struck their sails, and the captain, pilot, and a principal merchant, came on-board th« admiralv The prize contained one hundred and twenty-two thousand pezoes of gold, besides great quan- tities of rich silks, sattins, damask, musk, and a good- stook of provisions. Having obtained this rich booty, they put into the harbour of Puerto Seguro on the 6th of N^ember; where the admiral set all the prisoners on-shore, to the lumber of one hundred and fifty, giving them wine, provisions, and the sails of their ship» with planks to build houses. The captors now began to divide the boot^, wbcn the avarice of some af the sailors caused a SIR THUMAS CATENDISH. 87 considerable disturbance, which threatened a mutiny ; but the candid and generous behaviour of Cavendish at length compromised all differences. Of the prisoners of the St. Anne were reserved two Japanese boys, three that were born on the island of Manilla, a Portuguese who had visited China and Japan, and a Spanish pilot, who was well acquainted with the seas between Aca- pulcoand New Spain, and the Ladrone Islands. On the 19th of November, the admiral having made a present to the captain of the St. Anne, put him on- shore with arms to defend himself against the Indians, and then burnt the ship, with iive hundred tons of good» in her, waiting till he saw her destroyed quite down to the edge of the water. This being done, they proposed to sail for England; and at this time had the misfortune to lose the Content, which remaining behind some little time in the road, they sailed out, expecting she would follow, but they never saw her again. They however directed their course to the Ladrone», which held them till the 3d of January, when, early in the morning, they had sight of one of the cluster called Guam. Sailing on with a gentle wind, they came within- two leagues of the island, when sixty or seventy canoes., filled with savages, came off to the ships, bringing fresh tish, cocoas, plantains, and potatoes, to exchange with the sailors, who gave them pieces of old iron in return^ The bits of iron they fastened to cords and fishing lines^ which they threw over the ship's side to the canoes, anci received back the provisions by the same conveyance. These savages crowded about the ship in such a manner; tliat two of their canoes were broke to pieces, but the people diving escaped unhurt; and they would not leave the ship at last, till some small arms were dis- charged. They were very lusty men, of a tawny colour; remarkably fat ; most of them wore their hair very long, but some tied it up in knots on the crown of the head. Their canoes, made of rafts of canes, were seven or eight yards in length, and balf-a-yard in bresdth, fur- nished with square or triangular sails, made of sedges; both head and stern of the vessel being alike, and sail- ing equally with or nearly against the wind. Sailing hence, they fell in with the headland of the Philippine islands, called Caba del Spirito Santo, al 9i VOYAGES RbUND THE WOULD. day-brtrak, on tbe 14tb of January. The island is Idrg^, high in the middle, running a great r/ay into the sea westward. It is one hundred leagues from Guam, and sixty from Manilla, which is the chief of the Philippines, and inhabited by six or seven hundred Spaniards. The place has no great strength, but is Immensely ripb in gold and other valuable commodities. It has a CQQ* stant annual correspondence with Acapulco, and em-' ploys twenty or thirty ships to trade to China with tlie Sangueloe'i, who are Chinese merchants, extreme good mechanics, and the best embroiderers in silk and sattin io tbe world. The people of Manilla are great gainers by their trade with the Sangueloes, who send great quantities of gold thither, and exchange it for an equal weight of silver. On the next day, they fell in with the island of Capul, passing a very narrow strait between that island and 'Another. Coming to an anchor in four fathom water, within a cable's length of the shore, a canoe came up to them, in which was one of the seven caciques, who are Joint governors of the i&land. They passed for Spa- niards with these people, who brought provisions, ex- changing a quantity of potatoes, or four cocoas for a yard of iine cloth. The cacique coming on-board, they detained him, and desired by signs that he would send for his six brother caciques; whereupon the servants, who managed the canoe, went for them, and they quickly came with a great number of the people of the island, bringing with them hogs, poultry, cocoas, and potatoes,, so that the sailors were fully employed in exchanging, which they did at the Spanish rate, giving eight rials: of plate for a hog, and one for a fowl. The pilot, whom they took on-board the St. Anne, having laid a plot to be- Uay them to the Spaniards, was hanged at this place. The people of the island are of a tawney complexion, ^ almost naked, worship the devil, and practise the rite of circumcisiou. They, as well as several other neigh- bouring islands, have paid tribute to the £nglish, on a supposition that they were Spaniards. The admiral summoned all the caciques on the 23d, and. ac- quainting them that they were English, and the mortal foes of the Spaniards, at the same time payiqg them in money for the hogs and other provisions which he had sift THOMAS CAVENDISH. 9» received as tribute. These chiefs much admired tbe.^ admirals generosity, and promised to assist him with aik their forces, Tf he would make war upon the Spaniards. At their departure, the admiral fired a gun, in compli-' ment to his visitors, after they bad several times rowed round his ship to afford him diversion. On the next morning, June the 24th, they set sail^ steering north-west by several islands, where the Spa- niards having been alarmed, kept fires, and a strict watch all night, continually discharging their pieces. They passed the island of Panama, which is a plain, level country, abounding in tall trees, proper for making; masts of ships, and having several mines of fine gohd^- which are in possession of the Indians. To the sou4b-> ward of this, in nine degrees north latitude, lies the larg lalmed oil ir enough 1th, found rood Hope distance, ►pe, which iand eight rht of the t leagues; 11 the next shore, in intered the , having an the story valley, so hak it ap- wilh long- d fig-trees, in and rip« ley wanted, md, on the oin Lisbon, f the total th of Sep- away the Plymouth, and some- rwards Mr. hood from' 169d— 1601. ut the be.- of sending MugcUan, s, to which s of many ke, Caven-. Cavendish off Guam. Cavendish at St. Heleua. OLIVER VAN NOORT. 4i dish, and others. As the success of the euterprize depended in a great measure on the capacity of the admiriSI, Oliver Van Noort, a native of Utrecht, a man in the flower of his age, was pitched upon to take charge of the expedition. Two stonl vessels, the Maurice andl the Henry-Frederic, and two yatclis, the Concord and the Hope, manned by two hundred and forty-eight persons, w'ere appointed for this service. The Mauricie was commanded by Oliver Van Noort, admiral, the Henry-Frederick by James Claasz, vice-admiral, the Concord by Peter Van Lint, and the Hope by John Huidecoope. The Maurice and the Concord sailed out of the port of Goree on the 1 3th of September, 159B, and being joined by the Henry-Frederick and the Hope from Amsterdam, they continued their voyage together for Plymouth, in order to take on-board the clothes and other necessaries of their p.lot, Mr. MelHsh, an English gentleman, who had been abroad before with Sir Thomai Cavendish. On the 21st they left Plymouth, with a fresh gale af north-east, and next morning missed the vice-admiral's shallop with six men on-board her, in search of whom they began to entertain thoughts of returning to Ply- mouth; but meeting with an English privateer, they learnt that the fellows had designedly run away with the boat. The escape of these fellows, however, oe- casioned some murmurings among the sailors, which were increased the next day by the vice admiral's losing his other shallop, which he had iu tow, with a man iu her. On the 4\h of October they met with a fleet of Eng- lish, Frencti, and Dutch, by whom they were informed of a dreadful pestilence which had lately destroyed two hundred and fifty thousand persons on the coast of Barbary. On the 4th of December they were off Cap« Piilma, and on the lOtli came within sight of Prince's Island, possessed by the Portuguese, in one degree of north latitude, and sending their beats on-shore, carried* a flag of truce, while a negro with some Portuguese met them with a similar token of peace. The Dutch* asked for a supply of provisions, which the others seemed' willing to grant ; but, while they were talking on this ■•t 42 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. subject, a number of persons, who had lain in ambus- cade, attacked them suddenly, and killed several, among fvboiii were the admiral's brother and Mr. Mellish, the English pilot. It was determined in a council of war to revenge this outrage by attacking the castle, but upon trial, finding themselves unequal to this business, they burnt the sugar-houses, and having taken in a supply x>f fresh water, set sail on the 17th for Gonsalvo, where the winds blow from the sea in the day time, and from the land at night. , On the 1st of January, 1589. they passed the island of Annobon, and, on the 5th of February, reached Cape St. Thomas, on the coast of Brazil, in twenty-two de- grees south latitude. On the 9th they came to Rio Janeiro, where the Portuguese killed several of the crew. From Rio Janeiro they went to St. Sebastian, where they harboured in safety, and met with plenty of wood and water. On the 14th of March eiicountercd a vjplieint storm, in which they were parted from i*ie vice- admiral and the Hope, but had llie happiness; io meet again three days afterwards. By this time winter be- f?inning to approach, and the scurvy making some havock j^mong them, they proposed to put in ut St. Helena, but missing that place, were driven on a desolate and barren island, where they found no provisions but a few fowls, which were knocked down with sticks; they therefore put to sea again, and on the 1st of June, when expecting to have reached Ascension, they found them- selves off the continent of Brazil. The Portuguese not permitting them to land, they sailed to the little island of St. Clara, about a mile from the continent, where meeting with some herbs, and a kind of sour plumbs, these cured all who were afflicted with the scurvy in fifteen days. On the 16th of June they sailed for Port Desire, which is between forty-seven and forty-eij»ht degrees soulh latitude, but ! aviijg very bad weather, did not arrive there till the 20th of September. On an island three miles to the south of this place, they caught great quantities of fish, and took fifty thousand penguins, besides a vast number of eggs, which proved very re- freshing food to those who were sick. On the 5th of October, some of the seamen went on-shore and foun4 n ambu»- il, among llish, the il of war but upon ess, ihey a supply o, where and from lie island led Cape r-two de- e to Rio he crew, lere they of wood itered a the vice- to meet inter be- e havock ena, but ate and s but a Ls; they le, when d them- Ltese not e island where plumbs, urvy in Desire, degrees [lid not I island It great tiguins, ery re* 5th of foun4 OLIVER VAN NOORT. 49 beasts lik« st?gs and buffaloes, and a great number of ostriches, in each of whose nests were nineteen egg»« The admiral proceeding also to take a view of the country, left strict orders^'for those who attended the boats not to leave them ; but disobeying his injunctions, some rambled into the country, where they fell into an ambuscade of savages, who killed three and wounded a fourth. These savages were very tall, nearly naked^ painted their skins, and were armed with bows and arrows. Sailing hence on the 29th of October, they reached Cape Virgin Mary on the 24th of next month, and attempted to enter the straits of Magellan, but. were prevented by contrary winds, rain, hail, and snow>:; the^ also lost their anchors, and broke their cables ; and to add to the train of misfortunes, sickness raged mucht among the men, who began to complain ; all which, accidents uniting together, made it near fifteen month» from the beginning of the voyage, before they were able, to enter the straits. On the 25th of November perceived two islands near Cape Nassau, on which were some savages, who shook their weapons at them in token of defiance ; but the Hol- landers landing, pursued them to a cave, which was obstinately defended, every man of the party dying, oa the spot. On this the Dutch entered the cave, where they found their wives and children; and the poor women expecting immediate death, covered their in- fants with their bodies, resolving to meet their fate ia that posture; but the Europeans only took away four boys and two girls, who were carried on-board the ships. One of these boys being afterwards taught to speak Dutch, info med them that the largest island was called Castemme, and the other Talcke; that th«iy abounded in penguins, the fiesh of which served the in- habitants for food, and the skins for clothing ; that they caught ostriches on the neighbouring continent, which they also ate ; and that they had no habitation but caves underground. The inhabitants were divided intp. lOur tribes, three of which were people of moderate, stature, broad over the breast, which they always painted»^ and went naked^ except a cloak of penguin skins which reached to their waist; that the fourth tribe were peo-i f 44 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. ■■' pie of a gigantic stature, being full ten feet higb, and constantly at war with the other tribes. Leaving this place, they sailed toward the continent dn the 28th, seeing some whales at a distance, and ob- served a beautiful river, shaded with trees, covered with a number of parrots, to which place they gave the name of Summer Bay. On the 29th, proceeded to Port Famine^ where they cut down wood to build a boat ; but finding no good anchoring, doubled CapeFroward on the 2d of December, and, at the distance of four miles, found a: large bay, in which they anchored in safety. Here they ibund a plant like sneezcwort, which proved an excellent remedy for the scurvy ; and another plant, which being tasted, caused the persons who eat it to run distracted for a time, but soon afterwards recovered. On the 2d of January, 1600, departed for Maurice- bay, which was found to extend far to the eastward, re- ceiving into it several rivers, the mouths of which were filled with ice, which seemed not to melt all the year round ; for though now near the middle of summer, it was still ten fathoms thick. In this place they were greatly distressed by continual raius, and the want of provisions; and two of their company going on-shore to- pick muscles, were murdered by the savages. Sailiug on: the 17ih, they were driven by a storm into a bay at tliree miles distance, which, from the number of penguins they found there, was called Goose or Penguin Bay. At thi» place the vice>admiral was tried by a council of war, for divers crimes, and sentenced to be set on-shore to shift for himself in that inhospitable country. On the last of February, they passed Cape Desire, into the South Sea, their men being now reduced to one hun- dlred and forty-seven ; and soon afterwards they lost the Henry-Frederic, of which the vice-admiral had been com- mander. Having waited some time in fruitless expecta- tion of this vessel, iliey sailed, on the 12th of March, to the island of La Mocha, which lies in 38 degrees south latitude, about two leagues from the continent. Tbis iisland is remarkable for a high mountaii} in the centre, in- which is a large cleft, from whence runs a stream of water to the vallies below. Going ashore at this place, they exchanj^ed hatchets and knives for sheep, fowls, maize, and differep.t sorts of fruit. They also visited OLIVER VAN NOORT: 46 the town, which conHisted of about fifty houses, built chiefly of straw, where the inhabitants entertained them with a sour liquor, called Cici, which is chiefly used at their grand entertainnieiits, and is made by soaking maice in water. The people of this island purchase their wives, and every one may buy as many as he can keep^; to that it sometimes happens, that a man who has a number of handsome daughters^ makes a fortune by the sale of ]them. They have no laws or magistrates among them^ but if a maiV kills another, the relations of the murdered person are both his judges and executioners, but will frequently remit his sentence for a treat of Cici. The clothes of the inhabitants are made of the wool of large sheep, which they also employ to carry burdens. Off St. Mary's Island, at the distance of six leagnet, they chased and took a Spanish ship, which was carrying lard and meal to Aranco and Conception. The pilot in- formed them there were two men-of-war waiting tor their coming at Arica; on which they determined to sail to Valparaiso, where they took two ships, and killed several Indians ; but theSpainiards had all left the place. Eighteen miles from Valparaiso, up the country, lies St. Jago, which abounds in red^wine and sheep ; these they kill only for 4he fat, with which alone they lade many vessels every year. At this town some letters fisserted, that the Indians of <^hili had risen against the Spaniards, sacked the town of Baldivia, took many prisoners, and destroyed great numbers. That they had burnt the houses atid churches, and struck ofi^ the heads of the popish images, crying, " Down fall the gods of the Spaniards.^' About five thou- sand Indians were concerned in this action, who bore so perfect an enmity to the Spaniaids, that they ripped open the breasts of all they conquered, merely to have the plea- sure of tearing out their hearts with their teeth. These Indians had a peculiar method of electing their general ; the man who carried a heavy log of timber on his shoulders, for the longest time, was to command in chief. ^Several carried it for four, five, or six hours, but at length one was found who bore its weight twenty-four hours, without resting ; and he was their present general. That part of Chili between Baldivia and St. Jago, is one of the ^nest spots in the world, having a fine and wholesome air^ being remarkably fertile, abounding in cattle, %m^ 49 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. o- fruits of various kinds, and having abuudance of gold mines. On the 16th of September arrived at Guana, one of the Ladrones, which is twent}' miles in extent, tind pro- duces fish, cocoa-nuts, bananas, and sugar-canes^ which the»Indians brought in their canoes, in great quantities, to the ships. Two hundred of these ves.^'^'ls at a time, iiaving each of them four or five men on -board, would come bawling to the sides of the ships, calling out, Hiero, Hiero, that is, iron, of which they are so eager, that they would frequently run against the ships, and overset the canoes. Both the men and nomen were great cheats, and would sell a basket of cocoa-shells, covered with rice at the top, as a 1>asket of rice ; or would «natcli a sword out of the scabbard, or take any thing «lse they could Jay their hands on, and diving into the sea, make their escape. On the 17tfa sailed for the Philippines, and three days afterwards met with ice, though they were then but in three degrees of north latitude. They anchored in Bay la- bay, on the 16th of October, and pretending to be Spaniards, got well sup- plied with what provisions they wanted. The poor In- dians of this place pay a tax of ten rials a-head to the Spaniards, for every one who is above the age of tivf nty. These people go naked, and mark their skins with figures ^o deep that they never wear out. After having got sup- plies hci«j, they were discovered, whereupon they sailed for the strait of Manilla, and in their way met with a sud- den gust of wind, wrhich carried away their masts and sails. On the evening of the 23d they went on-shore, and eat palmitos, and drank plentifully of water, soon aftec which several were seized with the bloody-tlux. On the 24th entered the strait, and in the evening passed the island Capul, seven miles within the strait, and crowrded all sail for Manilla, which is eighty miles ^om Caput, but the wind was against them, besides "which, they wanted the assistance of maps and a good pilot. On the 7th of November took a junk of China, laden with provision, for Manilla, the master of which informed them there were at that time at Manilla two targe vessels, which came annually from New Spain thi- ther; and also a Dutch ship from Malacca; that there RLD. uudance of gold It Guana, one of extent, and pro- gar-canes; which great quantities, ^es.^^'ls ut a time, on-bf-'urd, would ips, calling out, liey are so eager, t the ships, and nd 'vomen vrere of cocoa-shells, of rice; or would r take any thing 1 diving into the li sailed for the ds met with ice, degrees of north ^, on the 16th of 'ds, got well sup- id. The poor In- ials a-head to the he age of tiventy. skins with figures )r having got sup- eupon they sailed ly met with a sud- ! their masts and nt on-shore, and water, soon after ody-flux, d in the evening within the strait, ch is eighty miles St them, besides maps and a good a junk of China, master of which le at Manilla two tn New Spain thi- lacca; that there yan Noort entering the Cave of the Savages. -~ ' . ^- ^_L_ ' — ^ — — - ' !=--£^^ •' --.,'VT"' ''2==i -'-- — ^ J-i'E====S^^ :-^?/l =• . ■- '— .-■ --^' - . . Is* r.^-*^-:- j^^s^jt ^P^^^PPHIH ^WP^^^^P^^^^^^^sscr^SlMfc^iS^^^^'^^'t '-^ Made of t'hw.i/ig a General ut Chili, > IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I mm 125 ■ 50 ~^^ H^HI ■^ iii2 |2.2 I2g ■ 40 2.0 I m 1 '-2^ 1 '-^ 1'^ ^ 6" ► '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN SI RUT WMSTIR.N.Y. USaO (716)I73-4S03 6^ %Sllksr't>'«Np»^- , ". i : -■ ■ ' ■ . 1 t - .■ OLIVER VAN NOORT. '47 WBs a wall round the town, and that the harbour was defended by two forts; that a prodigious trade was car- ried on in silks and other vahiable commodities, between Manilla and China, in which not less than four hundred ships were annually employed ; and that two ships were daily expected from Japan laden with provisitins. 'On the 16tli they took two barks laden with swine a^d poultry, intended as tribute for the Spaniards; after which they lay at anchor in fifteen degrees north lati- tude, waiting for the Japan ships, one of which, of about fifty tons burthen, they took on the 1st of December ; this vessel was of « very uncouth simpe; her sails were made of reeds, her anchors of wood, and her ropes of twisted strawy the people on-board her were bald, ex- cept a small tuft of hair on the back part of the liead. On the 8th they took two barks, one of which was laden with rice and poultry, and the other with cocoa, wine, and aqua vitae. On the i4th thev fell in with tha two Spanish shifra from Manilla, on vrnich a waim en- Ifagenent ensuedy when Ae Dutch admiral was attacked, and «t length boarded by Uie Spaniards ; whereupon the admiral idechired aloud tbat he would immediately blouring fishermen. The admiral sent a messenger to the king, desiring leave to trade, which was granted, after the proper officers had been outboard, «nd found they were not Spaniards. On the 1st of January, 1601, the Borneans having laid « pl6t to seize the Dutch ship, a great number of natives came towards the vessel in a hundred little boats called proas, and pretending to have presents from the king, desired to be taken on-board ; but the Dutch, suspectiof •V»!»»' 48 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. their intention, threatened to lire on them if they did net keep off, upon which they desisted from the attempt. The island of Borneo is the largest in the East-Indies: and the capital city, which bears the same name, consists of three thousand houses, but is built in such a low, wet situation, that the inhabitants are commonly obliged to go from one house to another in their proas. £very man igoes armed ; and even the women are of so warlike a dis- position, that if they are affronted, they seek th^ir re- venge by the dagger or javdin. A Dutchman baviiig offended one of these ladies, she attacked him with a javelin, and would soon have dispatched him, had she 4iot been withheld by force.. The inhabitants profess ihe Mahometan religion, in the rites of which they are extremely superstitioas. The people of fashion wear a cotton turban on the head, and a covering of linen from the waist downward ; but the common people go naked, -and are constantly chewing the herbs called beetle and areka. In the night of the 4th of January, four Borneania •came to the ship, designing to cut the cables, that she inight drive on-shore, but the Dutch discovering the de- <«ign^ fired at them, whereupon they made their escape, leaviqg their proa behind, which the other seized, and l>eing weary of Borneo and its inliabitants, sailed for Bantam. On the 16th took a jnnk from Jor, on^-board of which was a skilful pilot, who conducted them through those dangerous seas, %vhere otherwise they would pro- l>ably have been lost ; for now they had but one anchor left, the cable of which was. almost worn out, and they were surrounded with a great number of small islands and shoals. On the 28th they arrived at Jortan, on the island of Java« where they had news of Dutch ships being at Ban- tam, a city consisting of about a thousand houses, built of timber. The king of this place commands a con- siderable part of that end of the island. The people are «aid to be Mahometans, but from the pagods still in use among the common class, it appears that the superstitious practices of the Musselmen are intermixed with those of the Indian worship. Their chief-priest was one^lyuudred and twenty years of age, and had many wives, the milk of ^whose breasts was all his food. Sailing hence, they jaw a Portuguese vessel of six hundred tons burthen, run CAPtAlN W. DAMt»IEft. 4ft ^'ground on the shoals, the crew of which said they >vere going to Amboyna, to engross the trade of that place; but the admiral, suspecting she had put to sea to cruize against them, left the crew to perish in that dreadful situation. They passed the si raits of Sunda on the 5th of February, and, leaving Java on the north-east, steered for the Cape of Good Hope. On tbe 181 h had the sun vertical at noon, after which they were becalmed for 'eleven days. On the '24th of April, at night, saw a light like fire, about four miles to the north-west, which they had lio idea x>f, as they were full 200 miles from the* Cape. On the 2dth, at night, perceived another fire, and the next morning discovered land bearing north-east, but con- tinuing their course, arrived off St. Helena, on the 26tb^ where they refreshed themselves with good fresh meat, iish, and water. Leaving the island on the 30th, sailed homeward, but, bv the 22d of July, were extremely dis- tressed, being at short allowance ol bread, and what they had was worm-eaten. This distress increased daily till the 18th of August, when they met three ships from Emfoden, which gave them bread and fresh meat, for rice and pepper; and, on the 26th of the same month, at noon, they arrived safely before the city of Rotterdam, having been very nearly three jears on the voyage. as. CAWAIN WILUAM DAM PIER.— 1683-1706. William Dampi£R, descendedof a reputable family 'in Somersetshire, was born in the year 1662; but, having the misfortune to lose both his parents while very youn^, his relations neglected his education; and his disposi- tion strongly inclining him to the sea, he was, at the age of seventeen, put apprentice to the master of a ship at Wejmouth, in Dorsetshire, with whom he made a voyage to France in the year 1660, and another to New Eng- land in the year following. But in the second voy- age, suffering so much from extreme cold, he lost rnudi x)f that ardor for a maritime life, with which he liad ^ VOYAtJES ROUND THB WORLD. before been inspired ; so that, on his return, he te* tired to his friends in the country, proposing not to go to sea anv more. Hearing, however, of an outward- bound East India s4iip, which was soon to sail, he cane to London, entered himself as , baling a large estate in Jamaica, per- suaded Mr. Dampier to go tbere, and take the manage- mtentofit; but, being soon weary of this employment, be engaged with Captain Hodsell to cut logwood in the bay of Campeachy. This business being attended with profit, he continued it for a considerable period ; and, tluring this time, became acquainted with the Bucca- neers, with whom he was afterwards engaged ; but <^f -which connection he was at length much ashamed. In the bay of Campeachy he formed some projects for ad- vancing his fortune; which, however, made it necessajry for him to return to England, where having raised what money he ^was able, he embarked for Jamaica in the be-> ginning of the year 1679. He arrived about the end of April following, with a full intention to have furnished himself with all materials for carrying on tise logwood trade; but afterwards altered his resolution, Bnd laid t>ut the great part of his fortune in tbe purchase of a small estate in Dorsetshire. Soon after this, he made an Agreement with one Mr. Hobby, to make a voyage to the Moskito shore, before he went to England. Soon after «etting out, they anchored off Nigral bay, at the west cud of Jamaica, where finding the Captains Coxon, Saw- kins, Sharp, and others, going on a privateering expedi- tion. Hobby's men all engaged with them, and Dampier .finding no one left with Hobby but himself, consented to go also. Their first expedition was against Porto Bello, which having accomplished, they came to a resolution of crossing the Isthmus of Darien, to pursue their design in tbe South Seas. On the 5th cf April, 1680, thoy landed near Goldea The Buccaneers at Puerto Hello. The Jiuccaneers attack Panama. u CAPTAIN W. DAMPIEB. 61 Island, being in number upwards of 300, and carrying with them all kinds of provisions, and plenty of toys to gratify the Indians. Marching hence, in nine days they came to Santa-Maria, which they plundered ; but, find- ing very little booty, after remaining three days, they embarked on-board canoes and other small vessels, for the South Seas. On the 28d of April, being in sight of Panama, they made an unsuccessful attempt upon Puebla Nova, in which Cslptain Sawkins, who was commander- in-chief was killed. On the 6th of June steered for the •coatit of Peru, and touching at the islands of Gorgonia and Plata came to Ylo, which they took in the month of October, Arriving at Juan-Fernandec about Christmas, they displaced Captain Sharp, who had commanded in chief since the death of Sawkins, and made choice of Captain Watling in his room; soon after which they made a fruitless attempt upon Africa, a strong town oa the coast of Peru, where Watlineand twenty-eight of his men being killed, the crew divided themsenres into t\yo factions, some of whom were for restoring Captain Sharp, and others for excluding him. But the /ormer party prevailing, Dsunpier Yirith the latter, being forty-sevftn i^ number, determined upon crossing the Isthmus ; vyhjcli bql^ an(| dangerous tii^d^taking, uot\ivitfastanding tn^y ha^ n9 ^<^g^tircom^nander, was accomplished in twenty- three days. T4ey set o!nt on this expedition at thr^e o'clock in the afternoon on the 1st of May, carrying with them a kettle to dres^ their prpvisions, twenty or thirty pounds of chocolate, some sug;ar, and a quantity of flour. Qn the second day, these adventurers travelled oul^ about five miles, stopping at an Indian plantation, where they found only women, one of whom gave thent a kind of beer brewed from corn. In the evening the husbands of these women t;ame home, and treated our travellers with fowls, yams, plantains, &c. and one of them, wha spoke a little Spanish, agreed to guide them to an In- dian, who, being master of that language, could give fuH directions; and for this service he was to be rewardeil' with a hatchet. On the next day, about noon, he introduced them trocftfred tbem a guid^ for two days, being unable to attend bimself on acco^unt of a wound in bis foot. He informed them of a Spanish guardsbip that was sent out to destroy their vessel, and as it rained very liard, would have bad them stay in his hut all night ; but they chose rather to abide the incle- niency of the weather, than rematn so near enemies. At length arriving at Soumd'is-key, after a variety of accidents, they joined Captain Tristian, commander of a dPrench privateer, with v/bom they mailed to Springer's^ key, uniting there with «ight privateers more, the whole fleet/ having on- board near 600 men, with which force they:flattered themselves with the hope of doing great things against the Spaniaitl.' But the commanders dis- agreeing, i^ampier and his companions put themselves under tne command of Captain Wright, with whom they continucfd cruizing along the Spanisn coast, as far as the Dutch settlement of Cura9oa ; from this they sailed to Tortiipas,. and thence to the Caracca coast, where they took three prizes,' which were shared; and resolving to \ separate, Dampier, and about twenty others, took one of ithe barks and {proceeded for Virginia^ where they arrived ill July 1682. -At Virginia, D8m|>ier associated himself with Captain Cooke,'with whom be ^bad formerly been acquainted, and whonow Intended to ^iridto the South Seas, to cjruise against the l^paniards. > They set sail from Acbamack,-dnthe 23d dt August, a.€83, steering 'for the Cape de Verd Islands; but had tiot been many days at sea before they were overtaken by a violent storm. Winch continuing for a week, scarcely left any hope of outliving it. At length Ihey made the Island of Salt, so called from the quantities of congealed salt which is :found there, and the number of s-cdt-ponds with which it abounds. The soil of tins island, situated in sixteeti degrees north latitude, is extremely barren, producing only a few mean shrubs near the sea-side, which serve to feed a small number of poor goats. There are some wild fowl on the island, the chief of which is the flamingo, a red- dish bird, somewhat like a heron, which frequents the marshes, where it is not easy to get near enough to shoot themt They build their nests of mud, scraped together f ^ CAPTAIN W. DAMPIBB. 68 info little hillocks, .tapering on the top, which rise nearly two feet above the surface of the water. At the top of the hillock they leave their eggs, of which no more than two are laid,, and cover them with their tails, their legs being at the same time in the water; a position which nature has rendered easy to this bird, as otherwise the weiglit of their bodies would break the eggs or smother the young, which cannot fly till full grown, but run with- such swiftness, that it is very dif- ficult to take them^ Their tongues are esteemed ereat dainties;- but the rest of the body is lean and black, though not of an ill taste.^ All the inhabitanta of this island amounted to" no more than six ;, the chief of whom, making a most ragged and deplorable figure,, presented them with three or tour lean goats;, in return for which, Captain Cooke gave him a coat; and bought a quantity of salt for some other old cloaths. The traflic being over, he begged a little powder and shot, and departed well satisfied, but one of the others, unknown to the chief, pretended to sell a piece of ambergrease to a sailor, which proved to be no« thing but a preparation of goats' dung. Sailing hence, tibey steered ta St. Nicholas,, another of the Cape de Verd Islands,. at the distance of twenty-two leagues to tlie south-west; and anchored on the soutli- east side of it. They remained, here about five or six^ days> digging wells for fresh water, and scrubbing, the ship's bottom, and then stood over to the island of Mayo, another of the Cape de Verds, where they proposed to have pur- chased, some goats and cows; but a Captain Bond hav- ing, some time before, seized the governor and some other gentlemen, and refusing a ransom which was of- fered, carried them off; the inhabitants on this account would not permit any of Captain Cooke's men, to land. The island of Mayo abounds in goats and other horned cattle, and small turtle are found here in May, June, July and August. Captain Cooke steered from the Cape de Verd Islands, directly for the straits of Magellan: but the wind blowing hard at south, when they were in ten degrees north latitude, they stood over for the coast of Guinea, and in a few days anchored at the mouth of the river i A4 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. Sherborough, southward of Sierra Leona. Not far troxn the shore they saw a pretty large village, inliabited by negroes, the houses of which were all low, except one in the middle, where they were entertained with palm-wine; near this place was an English factory, which carried on a considerable trade in a red wood used by the dyers, called camwood. These people behaved with great ci- vility, and supplied them with rice, fowls, honey, and sugar-canes. They continued their voyage for the straits of Magellan, about the middle of November, bqt were no sooner out at sea, than they met with vio- lent gusts of wind, interchanged with calms, so that they proceeded very slowly. Having touched at the three islands of Sebald dc Weert, where they found nop thing but a few bushes, and some small red lobsters about the size of a man's finger, they came within sight of the straits of Le Maire, on the 1st of February, which they found mountainous on each side, and very narrow. They encountered a violent storm at west- south-west, on the 14th, which held till tlie 3d of March; on the 10th discovered a sail, which they supposed to be a Spanish merchantman, bound from Baldivia for Lima ; but it proved to be an English ship, commanded by Captain Eaton, bound from London for the South Seas, with whom they kept company quite through the j straits, and were supplied by them with water, which they stood in need of, in return for bread and beef I which Captain Eaton wanted. On the 24th anchored in a bay on the south side of the island of Juan Fernandez, within two cables' length of the shore. As soon as fully secure^, they sent a boat with a Moskito and t^o or three sailors to the shore, in search of a Moskito Indian, whom Captain Watling had left there three years before; having, at that time, con- cealed himself in the woods from the search of the Spa: niards. He was soon found, for having the day before discovered an English sail, he had killed three goats to entertain the crew, running to the shore to meet them. As soon as he saw the other Indian, he ran towards him, ftod having thrown himself with his face to the ground, embraced him with all the marks of tenderness, and then saluted his old friends the sailors, who he thought were come on purpose to bring him off the island.. Mosquito Indian on Juan Fernandez. Gathering the Cochineal. msiimmimm CAPTAIN W. DAMPIER. 6» Some Spaniards who had beard of his being there, had often searched for him in vain, as he always took care to hide himself from them. This man was called Will,, and the other Robert, for though the Moskrto Indians had no names by which they distingnish themselves, they take it as a favour if the Europeans will bestow one os them. Will had built himself a hut above half-a-mile from the sea-side, which he had lined with goats' skin, a piece of which he wore round him instead of his cloaths, whicfai bad been worn out fur some time ; he also made hi|. be^ of the same materials. When he was. left on-shore> he had with, him a knife; a gun, and a little powder and sliot.. When his ammunition was expended, he made a saw of his knife by notching it, with which he sawed the barrel of the gun into small pieces; then kindling a fire with his Aint, worked the iron injto a Ituace, fishih^- hooks, and harpoons. These eontrivaneea Were th^ re^ suit of neeessifty, founded upon what he* remembered of the workmanship, of the English smiths ; and indeed all the Moskito Indians make their instfuments ^without forge or anvil. With the help of these instruments, this poor fellow had subsisted upwards of three years, upoil goats, an dez, after a stay of fourteen days, on the 8th of Aprils 1684, in company with Captain Eaton, for the South Seas; steering towards the line off the high land of Peru, and Chili, at the distance of fifteen or sixteen leagnea^^ from the shore, least the Spaniards should discover them» Captain Eaton took a prize on the 3d of May, bound from Guiaquil to Lima, laden with timber; after which, steering within five. leagues of the continent, they arrived at the islands of Lobos de la Mar, which abound in pen- guins, boobies, and other fowls. These islands are each about a mile round, and to the west of one of them is a safe harbour, where Captain Cooke having scrubbed Ihe ships, and examined the men who were on-board the prize, learnt that the Spaniards, having intelligence of their being in those seas, would not trust their vessels to sea without a sutficient guard, artd therefore proposed to. hit men to make a descent upon Truxillo, a populous. 59 VOYAGES ROUNI> THE WORLD. town, six miles from the port of Guanebagno. To this the crew unanimously agreed; but changed their reso- lution, on. being acquainted that the people of Truxillo were erecting a fort near the harbour Qf Guanebagno. This information they received from the crews of three Spanish vessels, which they had taken, and which were bound to Panama with flour. They now resolved to bear away for the Gallapagos, a Bumber of uninhabited islands, lying under aud near the line, on both sides of it. On. the evening of the 31st,. they anchored in sixteen fathom water, om the east side of one of t^e easternuiost. Some of these islands are seven or eight leagues long, and three or four broad; they are mostly rocky and barren, having no grass except just on the sea-shore ; but they have tolerable good water in the cavities of the rocks. When they bad remained twelve days, one of the Indian prisoners, born at Rio-Lejja, giving them aa advantageous account of the riches of that place, and promising to conduct them thither, they set sail on the 12th of June, but, by the beginning of July, light winds and fair weather brought them, wjthin view of Cape Blanco,, in the Mexican sea.. Two oc three leagues off Cape Blanco, Captafh Cooke, who had been ill ever since be left Juan Fernandez, died; and they unani- mously, chose Mr. Edward Davis^ the company's quarter- master, captaia in his room. As they came to an anchor in about four hours after Captain Cooke's death, aear the mouth of a rivulet, the Jbody was ordered on-shore, to be buried, under a guard of twelve men; but whi4e they were employed iu digging his grave, three Spanish Indians came up; whom the sailors conversed with for a time, and then, suddenly seized.; but one of them found means to make his escape. The two others being carried on.-board, and examined by Captain Eaton, were found to be spies from Nicoya, a small Mulatto town, about fourteen leaguips to tli east- ward of the Cape, the inhabitants of which, lived by tilr ling their ground, and feeding their cattle on the plains, of which they had great numbers. As the men had tasted no fresh meat since leaving the Gallapagos,^ twenty-fouj: persons, among whoni. was I To t^is r reso- rruxillo ebagno. f three ;h were )agos, a Dear the le 31st^ ast side PS long, ;ky and i-shore ; is of the '. of the hem aa ice, and 1 on the ly, light view of leagues^ ill ever unani- luartec- Irs after [, the ;uard of ;ing his sailors seized.; The by oya, a li east- by tib plains, ^ing the \ni, was ined CAPTAIN W. DAMPlElt. 67 Bampier, with a Spanish Indian for a pilot, were dis- patched in two boats to bring off some cows and bulls, from ft farm at about a league distance from Ihe ship. Hauling up the boat on dry land, Ihe guide conducted them to the pen, which was situated in a large savannah, wliere there were a great number of horned cattle; which appeared very fat. Being weary, and »ight ooming on, some were for rest- ing till morninff, and then killing what they wanted, while others were tor proceeding to business immediately. Twelve of them, among whom was Dampier, returned on- board the shipi while the others^ chose to remain till next morning;- but they had reasottto repent of this rashness, for at break of day, wlien preparing to drive- away m many cattle as they vranted, ttrey were beset by forty or iifty Spaniards, who had concealed themselves amorig the bmhes, and^discharged several shot al them. They retired iir as> regular a manner as possible to (Heir boat, which, to their great confusion^ now appeared in flames ;^ the Spaniards keeping at a distance, and mocking their distress* Wading to a rock, a little way within the water, where- the Spaniards-could not approach,. they remained several hours in extreme distress, in danger of being swallowed ■ by the sea, whioh flowed in very fast. In the mean time,, those on-board the ship, seeing nothing of the absentees by four o'clock in the afternoon, sent a canoe with teh men in sesrck of them, by whom they were found up to the middle in water, and in such a situation, as the sea continued to flow, that they must have been drowned if the canoe had come an hour later. At this place they seized three good canoes^ bod h^v^ ing provided themselves with a quantity of lance- wood, • which is straight and heavy, to make looms for oars, and scouring rods for guns, and taken in what -water they : wanted, they sailed on^ the 20th of Jply for Rio, Leja, which may be discerned at sea, at the distance of twenty leagues, on account of a remarkatHe bnrning mountain, by which it is distinguishied. They intended to have landed here, but having rowed in their canoes, aqd ||hken a distant view of the town, they found, by some commo- tions on-shore, they were discovered, and therefore re>> turned Qn-board» u •:. 08 VOYAGKS ROUND THB WORLD. It. was now determined, in a qonference between tlie captains, Davis and Eaton, to steer for the gulph of Amapallsi; which, being entered by the former with two canoes, in order to get a prisoner and obtain intelligence, he came the first night to Mangera. In the morning, obs^^'ying several canoes hauled up in a bay,. be landed there, and struck into a path which led to the town ; but. aH.tbe inhabitants fled to the woods, except an old priest, aiid'two Indian boys. These being made prisoners by C^ltUiB Davis, were brought to the sea-side, and com- pelTed to conduct him to the island of Amapalla ; being laiM^,, he proceeded to a town on the top of a hill, the inhabitants of which would have fled into tlie woods, bnt were prevented by the secretary to the chief magistrate,, wbp, thottgh an Indian, could read and write the Spanisli^ liWf uage, but was an enemy to the Spaniards, T^is man having persuaded his countrymen that Cap* Iftii^ Pa vis and his people were friends, who desired their aii^fttance against their common enemy, they bid them welcome; wliereupon the captain advanced :9t the head of his men towards the Indians, who came forward, led b; t)ie priest, and received them iaa very friendly man- ufSf ; after which they proceeded towards the cluirch to confer together. ^ayis intended, as soon as he hadgot into the church, IQ -prevail on the Indians to lend, him their assistance against the Spaniards: and all things seemed in a fair way; to succeed, when, just as they were entering the church, one of his. men, vrlto thought an Indian before him went on too slowly, pushed him forward, upon whiGh- the poor fellow being frightened, ran hastily away, and a^l the others following him, the captain. and the priest were left in the church by themselves. Not knowing what, caused the confusion, the former ordered the men to^^|e upon the fugitives ; and his, friend, the secretary, being killed at one of the first shots« his correspoBdence with these people was entirely at an end. The ships coming to an anehor near the isle of Am»- pidla the same afternoon. Captain Davis and hisv men went OB-board, taking the friar with tnem; who told them, that as the secretary was dead, the only thing they could dp, would be to send for the cacique ; which being €^t, he came on-board, attended by sU of hit principu CAPTAIN W. DAMPI^R. 69 Nreeo- tde gulph of with twa slligence, moruing, le landed •wb; but. Id priest, loners by md com- a; being I hill, the oods/but Bgistrate^ i Spaniali that Cap* iredtheir iiid; thent the bead nrard» led diy man- !bi»rch to * ■ ■i.i - ■ . ( church, uisi»(ance in a fair »ring Ike in before on which- vay, and lie priest knowing the men ecretary» >0Bdeiice of Am»- hisv men vho told ling they ch being >rincipat people, and being received in a very friendly manner, they remained on-board ss long as the ships lay in the gulph, directing them where to go for wood, and water, and cattle, and readily affordhg all the assistance in their power; for which the captain rewarded them with some trifling presents,, with, whicbthey departed, highly satisfied. Sending the priest oiv-shore, Caf)taih: Davis sailed; onf of the gulph of Amapalla on the 3d of September, 1684,. leaving the cacique and his attendants in possession of one of the prizes, which was half-full of flour. Captain £aton had parted company the preceding da^» but though in less than three weeks he offered to join Captain Davis again off the islands of Plata^ yet Davis's men refused to share with.Eaton^s insucbpriaes asmigfit &11 into their ^iand». The island of Plata i»> pretty High, anci surrounded with r€»cky cliffs, except in one pdace) where a torrent of fresh water pours down, from the rocks. It produce*^ grass, and three on four small kinds of trees, which^ Dampier did not^ know the nSme oA It abounds witit the birds. called boebies) and the man-of-war bird ; and near tlie shore are plenty of small tnrtle. It is said to have been named La Piata, because here the rich priz« of plate, called the Gacafuego^ was divided by Sir Francia Drake among his men. ' They stayed here only one day, and then steered for^ Point St. Helena, which is a high flat land, beariujg south , from La Plata, in twenty-three degrees flf|:een. minutes south latitude. On the north sfde is a large bay, onthe shore of which stands a poor village, which is also called' St. Helena, inhabited by Indians, who have neither grain, plants, nor fVuit, but water-melons, which are very large and »weet : they have neither spring nor river of any kind near them ; and are oblifea to fetch their fresh water - from a river at four leagues distance. They live chiefly upon fish, except ^ome maize procured in exchange fi>r & bituminous substance, which the Spaniards call Alga- trane, which issues out of the earth above high-water mark, aud which, when boiled, answers all the purposes of pitch. The captain landed some men here, who- seized a small bark, which they preserved from being 60 VOTAOES ROUND THE WORLD. burnt, the Indians having set it on fire, as they affirmed^, by command of the viceroy; they also took a few pri- soners, from whom it appeared the viceroy had coni> manded all seamen to burn' their vessels and take to their boats, if they should happen to fall jn the way of the English Buccaneers. The men coming back the same evening, tltev sailed again fbr the island of Plata, and anchored on the 26th of September, immediately sending some of the i^en to Manta> an Itidian village three leagues west of Cape LofenzQ. The inhabitants, perceiving their approach; fled fi^qm tile town, except twodecrepid old women; who declared the viceroy,' having heard that^a number of men * had marched over-land, through Darien U» the Southv Seas, had ordered the ships to be burnt, the goats on the- isl^nd of Plata to be destroyed, and no^ provisions kept there but what was wanted for immediate use. As the alarm wliich had been spread through the couit- tfy prevented tbeir finding any booty, they returned otv- board, and the neitt day sailed back to the island of Plata, where havine^ waited till the 2d of October, and being undetermined what course to take, they were then: joined by Captain Swan, in the Cyguet; This ship wa»r from London, on a trading voyage, but havmg met with many disappointments, his men had forced him to take- on-lioard a party of Buccaueers, who had travelled over the Isthmus of Darien, under the command of Captain:. Peter Harris,, who, having a small bark, and being now three in company,, they earnestly wished to meet with Captain Eaton, as they hoped, with such a force, to be , able to, undertake a» expeaition of some consequence. ' The bark was therefore, immediately sent in searcb of him, with a letter of invitation to share their fortune ; but she did not meet him, he having lately quitted those seas, as it was imagined, for the East Indies.; a scheme which he had for a rong time proposed to execute. The bark, however, which had been three days cruiz- ing, took ft priae of 400 tons, laden with timber, bound from Guiaquil to Lima^ the master of which '^id, the viceroy of Pern was fitting out ten frigates, to drive them out of those seas. This news, though disagreeable, clid not discouraee them from making a descent upon Payta, where, on the 2d. of November, they landed 110. CAPTAIN W. DAMPIER. &r men, and having seized upon the town, kept possession of it for several days, in hopes the inhabitants would ha?e redeemed it; but that not being done, they set it on fire^ atid retired to the ships. The captains had offered to spare>tbe town fdr 300 sacks of ffour, iljOOO pounds of sugar, twenty-five jars . of wine, and 1,000 jars of water; but these moderate, conditions were slighted. They left the bay of Paita on- the lOtK of November, . at night, and arrived at Lobos de 1» Mar, on the 19th, where the Moskito-men struck a greal number of turtle. Here they came te a resolution of attacking Guiaqutl, which is situated in a bay of the same name, between Cape Blanca on the south, and Point Chandy on the north ; and at the bottom of the bay lies a small island, sliappci like a dead man in a shroud, eoUed Sh Cl»rai Having heretofore had a design againstGuiaquil, thev I'eft the ships at Cape Blanco, and steered with a bark a-nd-some canoes to the isle- of St. Clara, and thence in two canoes to Point Arena, where they the next day took some oF the fishermen of Puna, and afterwards seized the iv^'-^n. On the ebb they took a bark- coming from Guia- quil, laden with Quito cloth, from the master of which l^ey learnf; there were three barks fult of negroes com« fug^wilh the next titfe. f icaving five-men outboard the prize, they embarked all the rest' in< canoes, and proceeded towards Guiaquil, but the canoes being heavily laden, it was break of day be- fore they got within two leagues of the town ; whereupon they hid themselves all day in a neighbouring creek, and sent one of the canoes back to the bark, with orders not to fire at any thing till next day. Before they arrived with these dfrections, two barks filhed with negroes com- fng out of the harbour with the evening tide, and falling down with the ebb towards Puna, coming within sight of the English, they fired tliree guns at them ; which put these in the canoes iir great consternation, not doubting but the people of the town had taken the alarm. Some of the company were now for advancing to the town im- mediately, and others for returning to the ships; but as trhe ebb-tide prevented their going upwards. Captain Davis, with fifty of his mebj determined to march by land to the place ; the rest, judging it impossible to succeed,, continued in the creek to wait the event.. i2 rOYAOES ROUND THE WORLD. After aD absence of foar hours. Captain Davift and his nen, being almost cboaked among the mangrove woods, which grew in the marshes, and finding it impossible to go forward, returned. It was then determined to row up within sight of the town, and, if they found themselves discover^^ to retire without attempting to land ; there- fore, rowing through the north-east channel* they, got within view of the tovin during the night; when; on a •udden, at the discharge of a musket, they perceived the whole place to be full of lights, and as they had seen but one before, they certainly concluded that they were dis- covered ; but several of them observing that the Spaniards used lights on the evenings preceding their festivals, and that the next was a holiday, they upbraided Captain Swan and his men with cowardice. On this, all the party -landed at a place about two miles from the town, which being over-run with woods,^ they were forced to wait for day-light ; when, bavirtg an Indian guide, whom they had taken three days before, a cord was tied to him, and he was led by one of Captain Davis's men, who seemed one of the most forward in the enterprise ; but now, perhaps, beginning to repeat his rashness, cut the rope, and let the Indian escape into the- town. When he thought the fellow was at a proper dis- tance, he cried out that somelaiody had cut the rope ; when the company,^aving searched in vain for the fugi-^ five, determined to abandon the enterprize; however, tlieyr landed on the opposite shore, and killed a cow, which was dressed and ate, undisturbed by the inhabitants. On the 9th of December returning to Puna,, in their- tray took the two barks abovementioned, and finding a thousand negroes on- board, kept about sixty, and left the rest, with the barks, betiind, and soon saw them make the shore. Mr. Dampier seems of opinion that this was a very imfTolitic proceeding, and that if they had taken these people directly over the Isthmus of Darien, they might Jiave been able to have worked the gold mines of St. Maria; an undertaking which lyould have been so well supported by the English and French privateers, from all parts of the West Indies, that they might have been able to have stood their ground against all the power of Spain in that part of the world : and in time have beefi!«trong enough to have extended their conquests to the wealthy gold mines of the province of Quito. CAPTAIN W. DAMPIER. 6S Setting sail on the 13th, in three days arrived at La Plata, in their way to which they met the bark which bad been sent in- search of Captain. Eaton, of whom thev bad got no intelligence. Here they divided the cloth which they. had taken on-boftrd the bark; and having supplied themselves with fresh water, resolved to steer for Lavelia, a town in the bay of Panama. Accordingly they sailed on the 23d, and the next morning passed in^ sight of Cape Passao, a high round point, covered with firuit-trees, on the land side, but bare towards the sea. Betwixt this and Cape Franciscb are abundance of small points, full of various kinds of trees, which inclose so many sandy creeks. As their design was to search for cjinoes in some river unfrciquented by the Spaniards, they endeavoured to make the island of St. J?igo^ on account of its vicinity to< the isle of Gallo, where there was safe anchorage for tbr ships and gold in great plenty. The river of St. Jago is large and navigable ; about seven leagues from the sea it divides- into two branches, surrounding a large island, the mould of which is of a deep black, producing a numbA' of tall trees^ fimong: which the largest are the cabbago-tree, and those of red and white cotton. /The cabbage is the tallest, and Mr, Dampier mea- sured jne that was 120 feet long. It has no branches but near the top, where they sprout out* to the length of twelve or fourteen feet, covered with^ small long leaves, in.such regular order, that at a distance they appear but as one leaf. In the middle of these branches grows the fruit, which is as big sm a man's leg, about a foot long, as white as milk, and very sweet, whe- ther eaten raw or boiled. As soon as the head is gone, the tree dies ; for which reason they cut it down to gather the fruit. Between the cabbage and the branches^many. small twigs sprout forth, about two feet lon& at the end of which grow hard round berries, about riie size of a cherry, which falling once a-year afford excellent food for the hogs. The body of the tree is fuir of round rings from top to bottom, about half-a-foot asunder;; the bark i» tJhin and brittle, the wood black and hard, and there is a white pith in the middle of the tree. The pleasing verdure of these trees is a great orna? 94 VOYAGES BOUND TH£ WORLD. ment to the grove, and they are much used by the planters^ of Jamaica. The continual rains which fall in this part' of Peru, added to the natural ferocity of the inhabitants; which it appears impossible 16 tame, nave prevented the Spaniards from making any considerable discoveries on this coast ; and the people bear so mortal a hatred to the Spaniards, and are so jealous of all other Europeans, that whbever attempts to row up the river must lie exposed to their ambuscades on each side; and they are such excellent marksmen^ that their arrows seldom miss their aim. Notwithstanding these dangers, Dampier and some others ventured to row six leagues up the river, till they, oame-to two huts, where they found a hog,, which ap- peared to be of the £uropeanr'kind, and some fowls anjLl plantains, which they dressed and fed very heartily upon ; while the poor Indians who owned them, seeing their approach, took their wives and childreA into c^inoes, and paddled away with such expedition, that there was na^ possibility of following them. On the opposite side they saw many huts, which, like these, were co\'ered' with Paln»cto leaves, but the stream being very rapid, they were afraid to venture farther up;, so that after a day's excursion they returned to their ships, which were stationed ofFGallo, a small uninhabited ^ island, about three leagues from the mouth of the river * Tomaco, and four and a half from an Indian village of the same name. At twelve o'clock on. the following night they made a descent, and going into one of the bouses, seized upon all the inhabitants, among whom was Don Diego de Pinas, a Spanish knight^ who was come thither to load timber; hvA. iinding nothing in the vessel that brought him but thirteen jars of wine, they took them out, and turned the vessel adrift. While proceeding in canoes from Tomaco Vowards Galle, on the 1st of January, 1685, they seized a Spanish packet'boat going from -Panama to Lima, by which they learnt that t^s Armada was arrived from Spain at Porto Bello, where it waited (or the Plate "fleet from Lima : on this they changed their resolution of going to Lavelia, resolving to rendezvous among the King's or Pearl islands, by which the ships, bound from Lima to Panama,., must necessarily pass» CAPTAIN W. DAMPIBR. es The Pearl Islands are numerous, low, and woody ; seven leagues from the continent, and twelve from Panama. Dampier says, that though in the maps they are called Pearl Islands, he could not find one pearl-oyster near them'. The most northern island is called Pachea or Pacheque^ and St. Paul's is the most southerly : all the rest, though large, having no names. The negroes who belong to the inhabitants of Panama have planted some of these islands with plantains, bananas, and rice. The channel betwixt them and the continent, is seven or eight leagues broad, of a moderate depth, and has good anchoring all along it ; and though the islands lie close together, there are good channels between them, proper for boats. Having sent their barks on a cruize towards Panama, they returned on the fourth day with a prize, laden with maize, salted beef, and fowls. They found abundance of oysters in the harbour, together with muscles, limpets, and clams, which last are a kind of oysters, that cling so close to the rocks, that, to be eaten, they must be opened on the spot. They also found turtle-doves tind pigeons here. The ships being well careened by the 14th of Fcbru>- ary, they took, in wood- and water, and sailed out among the islands, where, on the 16ih, they anchored within a league of the island of Pacheque, and on the 18th steered with a north-east wind, directly towards Panama, anchoring opposite Old Panama, once a place of consi- derable consequence, but the greatest part being laid in ashes by Sir Henry Morgan in 1673, it was never rebuilt. New Panama, which stands on the river-side, four kagues from the old town, is a handsome city, watered by several rivers, some of which have gold in them, and run into the bay. The houses are chiefly of brick ; and with the churches, monasteries, and president's house, make the best appearance of any buildings he saw in that country. This place has a view of many pleasant islands, and from the variety of hills, vallies, groves, and plains around it, affords a most enchanting prospect from the sea. It is encompassed by a high stone-wall, on which a nujnber of guns are mounted, which formedy 09 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. were placed only on the land-side, but now are alio planted towards the ocean. The city has a vast trade, being the staple for all goods to and from all parts of Peru and Chili ; besides that, everv three years, when the Spanish ships go ta Porto Bello, the Plate fleet comes hither with the King's^ plate, as well as what belongs to the merchants, whence It is carried by mules to Porto Bello; and at that time every thing seemed excessively dear. On the 20th of March they anchored about a league from the Peijco Islands, and on the 21st another prize fell into their hands,^ laden with hogs, beef, fowls, and jalt from Lavelia. Three days after taking tlus vessel, they steered for Tobago an island in the bay of Panama, three miles long, and one broad, the soil of which produces plenty of i^antatns and bananas, together with cocoa and mammee tree& i which last are sixty or seventy feet high, without knots or boughs, except at the top, where some •mall branches sprout out, thick, and close together ;'the fruit is of the bigness of a large quince ; round, and covered with a grey rind, which, before it is ripe, is brittle ; but when come to maturity, turns yellow, and will peel with ease. The ripe fruit has an agreeable tmell and taste, and has two rough stones in the middle, each of which is about the size of a large almond. The south-west side of this^ island is covered with trees and fire-wood, and on the north side there is a fine fresh- water spring, which falls into the sea. Here was for- merly a handsome church, but it has been destroyed by the Buccaneers, and to the north-west lies a small town called Tobagilla, near which they came to an anchor on the 25th, and had like to have been destroyed by a pre- tended trader, who, under a shew of trading privately with them, instead of bringing his bark in the night laden with merchandize, advanced towards them in a dre- •bip. Some of the people suspecting his design, fired upon the vessel, whereupon those who attended her took to their boats, and the English cutting their cables to avoid her, she blew up, without doing any damage ; at the same time a small float which was in sight, guided byoneman» and was supposed to be a compound. Qi CAPTAIN W. DAMP1.es. 67 combualibles^ designed to lay hold of their rudder, alto disappeared. These Engines are said to have been contrived by Captain Bond, who formerly deserted to the Spaniards^ for without his assistance they could not have fitted out ~a fire-ship ; the ignorance of the Spaniards in the South Seas, in maritime afl*airs, being altogether astonishing; and it is common for the vessels there to be manned with Indians, having only one Spaniard on-board, who is the commander. On the morning of the 2Btn thpy were joined by 200 English and eighty French Buccaneers, who came from the North-sea over the Isthmus of Darien. The English were taken on->board by the Captains Davis, and Swan, and the rest put into the prize they had taken, loaded with flour, under the command of a French-^ man called Captain Gronet, who offeied Davis and Swan each a commission from the governor of Petit Onave. Swan having a commission from the Duke ot York refused, but Davis accepted it. With this reinforcement, they set saiF on the 2d ef March, towards the gulph of St. Michael, in search of Captain Townley, who was said to be crossing the Isthmus with 180 men, and came up with him next day auiong the Pearl Islands. Townley had taken two barks, one laden with sugar and the other with flour, and some jars of wine and brandy, which he divided among the men belonging to Davis and Swan, as he wanted the jara to fill with water. In search of this, as it was the dry season, they steered to Point Garachiua, where the na- tives gave refreshments ; but meeting with no water they stood over for Port Pines, so called from the great number of pines which grow on the shore. But the sea ran so high that the boats could not land, on which they steered for Tobago, and in their course fell in with four Indians and a Mulattoe in a canoe, who, having been on* board the fire-ship that was sent to burn Captain Davis't vessel, were immediately hanged. While employed in taking in wood and water at the Island of Perico, at which place they cast anchor on the 8d of April, they sent four canoes to the continent to get sugar in the adjacent sugar-works, to make up their cocoa into chocolate, and to get some copper kettles. 68 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. which, as their numbers were considerably increased, wcfre much wanted for the boiling of provisions. Fn.the interim Captain Davis sent his bark to the Island of Oroque, in the bay of Panama^ which is inha- bited by a few negroes, who bred fowh and hogs ; here they found a messenger, who was dispatched to Panama., with an account that the Lima fleet had sailed. Most of the letters had been thrown into the sea, but from the rest they learnt, the fleet was coming under a convoy, consisting of all such ships as they had been able to get together from Peru. Being informed by the pilot that the king's ships always came that way, they sailed back to the Pearl Islands on the 10th, and on the 22d arrived at Chepelio, one of the pleasantest islands in the Bay of Panama, though but a mile in length, and not quite so broad. On the 24th, the 250 men, who had been sent to this place, returned, having taken it without opposition; but found nothing worth mentioning. Captain Harris joining on the 25th, they sailed the next day for Tobago, where tbev arrived on the 28th,. and having some thoughts of making an attempt upons Panama, examined some prisoners as to its strengths. But though now mustering lOOO men,, they wer« di« verted from the attempt, on being informed that the ih'- habitants had been greatly reinforced from Porto Bello,. and that the height of the walls, and the strength of the place, were very considerable. They sailed again for the Pearl Islands on the 4th of May, and cruised till the 22d, when they sent three canoes to the island of Chepelio, to take some prisoners ; who returned on the 25th, with three seamen of Pa- nama, who informed them that a strict order had been issued there, not to fetch any plantains from the adja- cent islands, which had occasioned a great scarcity ; and that the arrival of the fleet from Lima was every day expected. On the south side of the island of Pacheque are two or three small islands, between which the fleet lay at anchor, and the:: consisted of ten sail, two of which only were men-of-war. Captain Davis's ship carried thirty-nine guns and 156 men ; Captain Swan's sixteen, CAPTAIN W. DAMPIER. glilis and 140 men. The rest were provided only with soiall-arms, and they mustered in ail 060 men ; they had ^ also one fire-ship. About eleven o'clock the weather, which had been very bad, beginning to clear up, they discovered the Spanish fleet, at the distance of three leagues; and about three in the afternoon, bore down ri^ht upon the - Spaniards, who kept dose on a wind, to come up with them ; but night coming on before they came to ^lose quarters, tbey could only exchange a few shot, one of which took effect, and killed a man in one of the pri- vateers. - When it btigau to grow dark, the Admiral put out a light at his top, as a signal for the fleet to come to an anchor, which they took down again in about half-an- hour, but it soon appeared as before. The English supposing it to be in the Admirars top, and being to the windward, kept under srail, but found themselves de- ceived in their expectations, by a stratagem contrived by the Spaniards ; who, having put this second light on the top-mast head of one of their barks, sent her to the leeward ; so that in the morning, the English found that the enemy had the weather-gage of them, and coming up ivith a full ^ail, they were obliged to make a run|iing>- fight 'of it all the next day, almost round the bay of Panania ; and in the end tbey anchored under the isle of Pacheque. Captain Townle^, %eing liard pressed by the enemy, was rorced to make a bold run through the channel, be^ twixt Pacheque and three adjacent islands. Captain Harris was forced from them during the fight; and Captain t^rond;, with 308 men, in the flour prize, of ninety tons burthen, kept at a distance, while there was any appearance of danger; for which it was the next day agreed to dismiss him with his men, most of whom were French; and permitting him to ke^ the ship, he was ordered to leave the company immediately. Though the Spanish fleet consisted of fourteen sail, besides periaguas, or boats of twelve or fourteen oars, yet the English had but one man killed. The loss of the Spaniards is not known ; and it is thought that if Gronet had continued firm, they might easily have made them- selves masters of the fleet and its treasure. . -• t ^0 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. The whole fleet set sail from Pacheque on the 1st of June, for the isle of Quibo^ in search of Captaia Harris, whom they expected to meet there, as it was the place of general render vous, and he was accordingly there before their arrival. It was now immediately ^gteed, that as they iiad been unsuccessful in t^ieir kit« attempt, they would try their fortune by land, by at- tacking the city of Leon, on the coast of Mexico. This town stands twenty miles up the country, in m plain ; the houses, which have large gardens, «re built of stone, and covered with pantiles : it has a cathedral and tive churches, and from the pleasantness of its situation, some travellers have called it the Paradise of the West- Indies. "Near it is a higb volcano, which, at times, casts ibrth smoke and flames, and may be seen from the sea ; 4t has a good manufactory of hemp, is rich in sagar, pas- turage and cattle; but is a place of no great trade. They began their march about eight o'clock in the morning. Captain Townley, with 100 of the best men, ieadiug the van : Captain Swan followed him with 100 ' oiore; and the Captains, Knight and Davis, brought up the rear with 170. Captain Townley y/m attacked on his entering the towo^ i»y a party of 200 Spanish horse and 5Q0 fpot, ):(ut \wq or three of the principal officers being (dismounted, tne horse fled, atid the foot seeing them retir^, followed their example, abandoning the city to the mercy of the €nemy. In about fqur hours all the English entered the town, except a few, who, being tireci, were left upon the road; among these was an old grey-headed fellow, of the name of Swan, who had served under Oliver Cromwell in Ireland, and was eighty-four years of age. On his absolutely refusing to take quarter, the Spaniards shot him dead ; but they took several others prisoners, among whom was one Mr. Smith, who, having lived m the Canaries, spoke the Spanish tongue fluently. Smith being carried before the governor, and examined with regard to the strength of the invaders, represented them to be 1,500 men, 1000 in the town, and 500 in canoes ; which well-timed piece of deceit had such an effect upon his excellency, that though he was at the head of more than 1000 men, he did not choose to attack the enemy, but sent a flag of truce the next day CAPTAIN W. DAMPIER. n to propose a ransom for the town. ^ But the English de« mauding provisions for 1000 men for four montl.s, and ^0,000 pieces of eight, he did not ehuse to compl;y with the demand ; and therefore tliey fired the city on l|ie 14th of August, the next morning marching towardii their canoes. A gentleman, who had been taken prisoner, was deK* vered back in exchange for Mr. Sniith, and ?i Spanish gentleman was released, on promising to deliver 150 oxen at Rio Leja, where they intended to make their next attempt. They rowed in their «anoes tpwards Rio Leja on tfae 16th of August, where tbeir strips were by that time «ome to an anchor. This is a beautiful place, seated « mile from the harbour, on the n^outh of a river, on a ' small plain, and has three churches, and an hospital, with a handsome garden to it; but is situated in an un> wholesome air, near some fens and marshes, wliich o€» casion a noxious smell. The creek that leads from Rio Leja lias xi broad entrance, but afterwards closes into a narrow, dee|> channel, covered on both sides with cocoa-trees. A mile from the entrance of the creek, it winds to the ivest, where the Spaniards cast up an entrenchment, which was defended by J20 men, and farther down had laid -a boom of trees across the creek; but as soon as the English had fired two guns, the Spaniards quitted their post, and left the enemy to take the town, whicfa they did without opposition. They here found only «mpty liouses, except five hundred sacks of flour, some pitch, tar, cordage, and some sugar in the neighbour- hood, together with the hundred and fifty oxen which liad been promised by the Spanish gentleman whom they released at Leon. The buccaneers staid here a week, and then set fire to the town, though Mr. Dampier declares himself ignorant by whose order it was dune. On the 25th of August, Davis and Swan parted, the former being determined to try his fortune on the coast of Peru, and the latter jpro|K)siHg to proceed farther to the west. * The Captains Knight and Harris went with Davis and our author on-board Captain Swan, who was joined by Captain Townlcy with his two barks. 72 VOYA'GEiS ROUND THE WOftLD. About (4iis time tliey all suffered very considerably by a malignant fever, which carried off many of the men, and was supposed to be the remains of a fever contracted ikt Rio Leja. On the 27tfi, Davis sailed out of the harbour. Swan complimenting him with fifteen guns, wbich he answered hy eleven. Swan and Townley sailed bn the Bd of September, Avith 340 men, steering westward, having bad weather dll along the coast, together vrith thunder and light- ning, which kept them at sea till the 14th, when they "discovered the volcano of Guatimala, a high forked hill, which, before bad weather, generally emits smok« and flames. It derives hs name from the city of Guati- Tuala, which stands at its foot, eight leagues from the South Sea, and forty o^ fifty from tlie gulph of Matique in the bay of Honduras, in the north seas. It is esteemed -a rich city, the country rouhd abounding in several commodities, which are exported thence into Europe, especially the four useful dyes, cochineal, Sylvester, an- natta, and indigo. |The sea is full of drift-wood and pumice-stones, even at some leagues distance from Gua- timala, which arc supposed to be brought down from the mountain by the frequent and violent rains. On the 24th, being in fourteen degrees and thirteen minutes north latitude, X!!aptain Towniley went on-shore, taking with him nine catioes, and 106 men, proposing 4o march to a tt)wn called Teguantapeque, situated somewhere in the neighbourhood, in hopes to have procured some provision for the sick men, as great numbers of the crew were in a very weak condition. Not being able to tind the town, Captain Townley re- turned on-board the 2d of October; but being determined to try his fortune once more, he ran his canoes ashore in B sandy bay, i(vhere he landed with the loss of one maA, and most of his powder spoiled^ by the canoes overset- ting; and was no sooner on-shore, than he was attacked by a party of 200 Indians and Spaniards, whom with some difficulty he repulsed. Having again joined Captain Swan, they set sail witli fair weather, and the wind at east-north-east, keeping a Mrestward course, and having run about twenty leagues, they came to the island of Tangola, where there is a good DAMPIBR. — 1685. 178 'anchorage, with plenty of wood and water. Sailing thence one league farther, they came to the port of Guatulco^ one of the best in the kingdom of Mexico. Aboutji mile from the east-side of the harbo4)r is a smaM island ; but the west side is the safest 'for ; shipping, affording shelter from the south-west winds, which are frequently violent, the water dashing furiously under the bottom of a rock, which it has undermined, and which is perforated quite through, forming, even in tlie palmest season, a natural jet id'eau^ xiBfd affording a good majrk to seamen bound for thjs port. At the b^ttooi of this -harbour, which is a mile broad, and three miles in depth, there is a fine brook of fresh-vvater, near >vhich formerly Uood a town sacked by Sir Francis Drake; all that re- mains of'which, tit.|)resent, is an old chapel, standing an \he midst of a group of trees. , Captain Swan, being unwell, went on-shore at tbil j)lace, with the sick people and ;a surgeon, while Townley lieaded a party, who marched to the east- ward, in search of houses and inhabitants ; and, at a -league from Guatulco, came to a river called Capulitln, ^▼hich has a swift current, and is very d^ep. Sofnc of ibe men swimming acrpss the stream, seized two Indians, whom they apprehended were placed there as centinels tp watch their proceedings, though these were unacquainted with the Spanish tongue.. They carried one on board the ship, and made useof the other to conduct them te iin Indian settlement, where they found pleQty of vinello, a perfume used in the West Indies, where it bears a high 'j)rice, to infuse into chocolate, to which it gives a delicate il^vour. It is a pod of four inches long, full of bladk seed, arising from a yellow flower, and produced by a kind of vine tliat grows up the trees which are near it, adhering to them like ivy. „ . They sent four canoes to the westward on the 10th of October, in hopes of taking prisoners who had some knowledge of the country. The canoe.s were ordered i» wait at Port Angelo for the ships, which on the 12th left the harbour of Guatulco, where they had taken in 'wood and water, and caught a considerable number of small lurtle, which, as they had eaten no meet for a consider- able time, were a great refreshment. Two' of the caaoei 'iteturned on the 22d, being separated from the rest, ainl 14 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. having attempted to land at a place where they saw many black cattle feeding upon savannahs ; but the sea run- ning high, they were overturned; four guns were lost, the re^t of the arms spoiled witlf the water, and one man drowned. Tliey had no news of the other two canoes till the 31st, when Captain Townley, who lay near the i$hore, hearing the firing of guns, manned one of his canoes, and stood in for the laud. In the middle of a «alt- water lake, at a distance within land, he saw the two canoes lying upon their oars, and perceiving by their disposition, that they were beset on both sides, imme- diately put his men on-shore, upon the approach of whom, some Spaniards, who, being sheltered by the rocks, >^bad Hred upon them, took to their heels, leaving the pas- , sage free to go out; but they must certainly hare starved, or fallen a'prey to the cruelty of the enemy, if Townley liad hot relieved them in this timely manner. Having thus recovered their canoes, they sailed on the ■2d of November, and held a westward course, till they arrived at a large river, two leagues from the rock of Algafross, on the banks of which the Spaniards had raised a breastwork, which was defended by 200 men, notwithstanding which the English landed, and obliged them to fly, after they had discharged twenty or thirty guns, without effect. They now marched about three leagues up the country, and having taken a mulatto pri- soner, he said that a ship, richly laden, was lately arrived at Lima from Acapulco ; upon which Townley proposed cutting her out of the harbour, and notwithstanding Cap- tain Swan's remonstrances on the danger and dithculty of the attempt, and his representing the necessity they were under of supplying tliemselves with maize and other pro- visions, which abounded in the place where they now were, he carried his point; and the canoes were accordingly manned for the expedition. They, however, were much damaged, narrowly escaping being lost in a tornado, and were afterwards obliged to wait a whole day in Port Marquis, a league to the eastward of Acapulco. Here having dried their clothes and arms, they rowed softlj , on the following night, into the harbour of Acapulro ; bat, on their arrival, found the ship so well guarded, as to be obliged to abandoned the enterprize, and return in a very desponding condition. 1i J,^ ./•a--*--?-.^ t ■■ ii)AM>IER.--l665. ^5 w many ea run- re lost, nd one ler two ^ho lay I one of ddle of taw the by thek , trame- ^ach of e rocks, the pas- starved, i'owuley [1 on the till they rock of rds had 00 men, 1 obliged r thirty it three Ltto pri- arrived roposed ig Cap- culty of ey wei't ler pro- w were, rdingly e much io, and Port Here ftly, on but, on to be I a very in s Landing afterwards to the notth-west of Patdplan hill, they marched, to the number of 170, a few miles up the country, to an Indian village, in which there was no pro- visions, nor any inhabitants to be found, but a poor toulatto-woman iind four children, whom they carried aboard. The woman declared that a number of mules, laden with fldur, and other goods, designed for Acapulco, 4iad ito|>ped on the west of the village v Upon which in- fofmation they sailed to a harbour called Chequetan,. where, on the 9th, they landed ninety-five men, who having the w6man for their guide, conducted them through a "pathless wood into a plain, near which, at a ftirm-house, they found sixty mules laden withflour, cheese, chocolate, and earthenware ; all which were carried off except the 'earthenware. They also discovered plenty of black cat- tle, ifpon wliich, Captain Swan went on-shore, and killed eighteen. Quitting this iriver on the SIst of November, by the help of a land-wind from the north, continued their bourse, in hopes of ^iscovei'Jng the town Of Cupan, supposed to be situated in sibout IS deg. north latitude, biit they cdtfM neither find this place, nor the city of Colina, which was said to be very rith. They now rowed twenty leagues aiolig-slhore, but couM find no place convenient for landing, nor the least sign of inhabitants ; at lengtk they saw a man on horseback, and having made the shore with some difficulty, pursued him, but ^oon lost sight of the fugitive in the woods, where they could find no track. Disappointed and dejected, they returned to theit ships on the 28th, and next day 200 men were sent in canoes ill search of a town called Sallagua. As they rowed alon^^ saw two horsemen on-shore, one of whom drank to them out of a pocket-bottle through derision, in return for which one of the canoes fired a shot, which killed the horse under him, after which his companion fode off; two of the men shipping, swam on-shore to secure the dis<^ mounted man, but defending himself with a long knife, while they were unarmed, tould not succeed in the attempt. On the 30th, returned again to theit ships, the s^ib running too high to find a convenient place for landing; but on the 1st of December.came in sight of the port of Sal* lagua, which appears like two harbours, being parted b/ E 2 36 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLl>. '.. « high rocky point in the middle. Here they saw a duiii- her of Spaniards, both horse and foot, who made a miM- 'tary .parade, with drums beating and colours flying; but 200 of the buccaneers landing the next morning, the foot did not stand a single charge, and the horse soon followed. Two of the English having knocked two Spaniards off their horses, mounted and pursued the others so far that they were surrounded by them ; and would have undoubtedly "been killed, if some of the swiftest of their companions had not come to their rescue just in time; as they had itood the discharge of several pistols;, and were already unhorsed* Here Mas a broad stony xoad, 4vhich they were informed by two ^nulattoes, .prisoners, led to the city jof Oarrah, distant four long <f .inhabitants all the way;; and that the tvoqps they had.put to flight were sent from that city to secure the Manilla ship which was to s^ some passengers on-shore these. . Qn this -they sailed on ihe 6th, intending to (frutse olf* '^ci|i>eXlorientes, to>>vait Sox the ship; on the 11th, being %itbin liight of the cape, ihey stationed -themselves so as ihey imagined she could not pass; 4>ttt «being in want of provisions, fifty or sixty men went in a bark, to procuie some, to the west of the oape, vi^hich being unable to get round, were obliged to return ; however, they left some men behind them in four canoes, who intended to row to the west. On the 24th, the four canoes meeting with very indifferent success, returned to the sliips near the cape, having, by the help of their canoes, got round it, and landed in the Valderas, or valley of flags. This vale lying at the bottom of a deep bay, is about three leagues wide. On ihe land side, it is bounded by a green hill, which, descending gradually into the valley,-aff'ords a de- lightful prospect, rendered still more beautiful by the ivide- spread, pastures stored with cattle, and the pleasant groves of guavas, orange, and lime-trees, which grow wild here in prodigious numbers. In this delightful place, the canoes landed thirty-seven men, who, advancing three miles into the country, were attacked by 150 Spaniards, horse and foot; when, to avoid the trampling of the horses, the 'buccaneers retired to a close wood, where they sustained ^ihe attack of the enemy with great bravery, killing the iiieader and seventeen of the horsemen, and the rest flying. n taw a duiit. lade a miN- Bering; but ig, the foot n followed, xls off their r that they adoubtedly ompanioDs Ls they had sre already irhich they led to the uniey, 4be. •the way;; I sent from was to 8^ > druize oif* Llth, being elves so as in want of to procuie ible to get ' left som6 to row to iting with ( near the iind it, and This vale ee leagues screen hill, Drds a de- ll % the ; pleasant i;row wild ilace, the 1 fee miles rds, horse brses, the sustained Uing the st flying. The Buccaneers defeating the Spaniard^ at Sallagua. !■.. _^^__ ^i^_ i; r 4^ Cr': ^.. .s^ =^=== ■ ^,-1^-=-^ = ^-:- ===== \) 1 ' 1 1 ^^^g^x' ^ ' iff I ^ H 1 i' * »*-. _i P^^I^ISm^ Hg;;* m is: ■SS Attacked hy the Spaniards near Cape Corientes.—Dampier, V VV DUMPIBB. — ^1686. 77 The English lost four men, besides two wotiB* '■d, who were brought down to the canoes upon horses ; one of the latter they were obliged to kill and eat, for though there were plenty of horned cattle upon the savannah, they were afraid to venture there again, their enemies being too^ strongt On the 25tb, being Christmas-day, tHey regaled on some Jew fish ; and, on the 28th, Captain Town ley returned ou' board with forty bushels of maize, which he had taken at an Indian' village up the countrv, five leagues to the~ cast of Cape Corientes. Theirprovisions being again ex* hausted, they steered to the vale of Valderas, to provider supply of beef, coming to an anchor about a mile from the shore, in sixty fathom water. Here 240 men landed, fifty of v\hom were appointed to watch the motions of the Spaniards (who frequently appeared in lai^e companies, but dared not' attack them) while the rest were employed in- killing and salting as many cows as would suffice for two months, their salt being insufficient for a longer time; Here spending six or seven- daysj the Manilla ship passed by to the eastward, as they afterwards learnt from some prisoners whom they happened to seize. The loss of this prize is attributed to the wilfullness of Captain Townlev, who would insist on attempting to take the Lima ship in the harbour of Acapulco; whentthey ought to have been< providing themselves with beef and ^naize, which after- wards, being absolutely in want of, they, were compelled: to do> white the- ship escaped them. Tmvnley's chief view in cruizing in these seas being the hope of meeting the ship, and that being now' at'^anend, he and Swan parted company; Swan-keeping on - a westward course, and Townley going back to the east;- but the former alone it js our business to foUow'.' Sailing from the bay on the 7th of Jfinuary, 1680*, with a good wind at north-east, at night passed by Point Pon- tique, tlie most westerly end of th^ valley of Valderas. On the 20th, anchored on the east side of the Chametly islands, which are six in number, and lie- in twenty -three degrees eleven minutes north latitude.- Here Captain Swan, taking 100 men with' him, proceeded to the northward to discover the river Cullacan, supposed to lie in a province of the same name, in 24 deg, Qprth latitude, and to have -a wealthy town on its bank8»>. 7a VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. Thev rowied thirty lei^piies witboiit sQeiQg any siguf of toe river, or any place where to larul with safety; but afterwards disembarked pn the west side of a salt-lake, seveot^gues from the Chametly islaodsi, where they found sQmfpew bushels of maize in a farm-house, and took a prisoner. This man informed them there were generallv a considerable number of black cattle in that place, which ^e Spaniards had driven off; but that in all probability they would find provisions in. an Indian tox^n at about five leagues distanqe, to which they immediately marched.. Here they were opposed, on attempting to enter it, by a considerable party of Spaniards and Indians, whom they repulsed at the first charge; and entering the place, found two or three wounded Indians, who told them th.e town was called Massactan^ and that there were two rich gold mines, about five leagues distant. On the 2d of February, eighty men were sent to a town called Ro;sario, situated on a river of the same name; and. though they were told the mines were not above two leagues thence, yet as tl^y wece more in want of provisions than of gold, they paid no re-, gard to the information, contenting themselves with car-, lying off about ninety bushels of maize. Quitting Rosario for the river of St. Jago, in hopes of finding a town of some consequence, seventy men were sent up the river in canoes, while the ships anchored at its mouth.* They soon found acom-fieid, and while busy gathering mai^, tookan.InT. dian> who informed them, that four leagues farther was a. town called Santa Pecaque. As soon as the news went on-boai'd. Captain Swan ordered eight canoes and 140 men to jMroceed with thie Indian to the place. They, sailed some miles up the river, and then landing, msffched through woods and plains for three or four hours, and then approaching the town, and the Spaniards quitting it,, the.buccaneers entered without opposition. The town of Santa Pecaque, near which are some silver-mines, is situated in a large plain«on.the borders of a wood. \t is neatly built^ but not large, has a square market-place in, the middle, and two churches* Here they found plenty of salt-fish, salt, sugar, and maize, and the captain dividing his people into two companies, ordered half to carry the provisions ou-board, and the other half to take careof the town: they continued this business for two days, but a, mutinous spirit getting among the men. DAMPIER. — 168e. 19 men. they refused to inarch with the regularity the cap- t«ia wished, so that fifty-four horses, guided by fifty men, which were conveying maise to the canoes, were attacked by the Spaniards, who kiiied them everv one upon the »pot; and though Captain Swan marchcci to their relief^ the enemy, who it is likely had paid pretty dear for the victory, never attempted to attack him ; the rest of the men returned safely on-board, with their commander. On the clay following this unhappy engagement, the captain gave orders for filling water, and sailing; accord- ingly they got under sail the 21st, steering towards Cali- fornia. On the 7th of February, anchored at Prince George's island, the middlemost of the Tres Marias, at which place our author, who was much afliicted with the dropsy, was buried for about half-an-hour, up to the neck in the hot sand, which producing a plentiful per- spiration, he was then wrapped up warm] and put to bed in a tent, by which means he obtained great relief in the disorder. They remained here careening till the 26th ;- but as no fresh water could be got, it being a dry season, they sailed to a rivulet on the continent, near Cape Co- rientes, where they remained for some time; and having had but indifferent success in these parts, came to a re- solution of steering for the East Indies, to which voynge many of the men were averse. Captain Swan, however, Mr« Dampier,_and a majority of the people, declared in favour of the attempt. They sailed from CapeCorientes on the 31st of March; 16it6, and having a trade-wii?d, and fair weather, pro- ceeded quickly in their voyage." On the 20th of May, about four o'clock, discovered land, at eight leagues di&« tance, to their great joy, having then but three days pro* visions left, and the people beginning to murmur at the captain for carrying them so far out of their knowledge; About eleven at night, on the 21st of May, they came to an anchor about a mile from shore, on the west side of the island of Guam, one of the Ladrones; and the next morning Captain Swan wrote a letter, which he sent with some presents to the governor; who, in return, sent plenty of hogs, cocoa-nuts, rice, fifty pounds of fine Manilla tobacco, and other refreshments. Here the captain being informed, by a friar who came on-board,.. thai the Philippines abounded with provisions, 80 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. they made sail qq the 2d of June, and en the 21st ar'<. rived ^at the island of St. John, wMeh he passed by, and came to an anchor in a small bay, on the east side of Mindanao, which had been represented as tlie most plen- tiful of these islands. The Philippines^are arangeof large islands, extending from five to nineteen degrees of north latitude. The chief is called Luconia, where Magellan was killed by a poisoned arrow, and is now in possession of tlie Spaniards. St.. John and Mindanao are th^ only islands, of all the Fhilippines, which are not under Spanish- subject ion; and. are situated most to the south. St. John is in length, about thirty-eight. leagues; its greatest breadth is about tyyenjcyrfour, and tlie soil is very fertile. Mindanao is aiityv leagues in length, and between forty and fifty in breadth; the soil is good, and there are some stony hills, which produce many kinds of trees entirely unknown in England. The valleys, are, well watered^ and abound-^. with yams, potatoes, pnmkins, water-melons, plantanes. bananoes, guayas, nutmegs, cloves, beteUnuts, durians, cocoas, oranges,/&c. but particularly the tree whence lago is gathered, which. the inhabitaq^ts call the libby- tree, and whiclt grows wild by the water-side, in groves of several mile^ ii^ length. The people in general resemble each other in strength, stature, and colour; they are not large, but well-limbed, with little black eyes, oval faces, fiat foreheads, short noses, wide mouths, black teeth and hair, and bright tawny skins. They never cut their thumb-nails, but spmetime9 scrape them ; and that of the left hand is ge- nerally the longest. They are thievish and indolent, not^ caring to work hard,, except they, are drove to it; but., ingenious, and nimble, and >very civil to strangers. The men neither wear shoea nor stockings, but breeches and frocks, and have a turban tied once round the head in a knot, the ends hanging down, and either laced or Iringe. The women, have smaller features than the men> and look agreeable enough at a distance; but their noses are 10 very small, that in some scarce any rising between the eye"* can be discerned. They have also very small feet., They wear their hair tied in a knot, hanging down their tracks. Their garments are a piece of cloth, which forms a kigd of petticoat, and ^ loose frock that reaches DAIlPlEK.-^ieSO.' «t' i( I » little below the waist, the sleeves of which are so nar-^ row that they'Canr^hardly get their hands through, but are^^ longer than their-arms, and set in plaits round their wrists>.v They have a custom peculiar to the city of Mindanao.^ On the arrival of strangers, the men come on-board to in> vite them to their houses, where it is asked if they choose: a Pagally, or comrade, which the stranger, through civi- . lily, is obliged to accept ;^;and^tO" shew theicv gratitude' for which; must « make a small present ; in -retuvii • for- whichi> they have the liberty of eating, drinking, and'> sleeping in their friend's hous« as often as they please. The most populous and extensive district iu the island" i» Mindanao, whence it derives its name; the people are tolerably . well oiviliaed, lying, near the sea,« and being- pretty much engaged in commerce. Dampier does not> pjretend to describe all the different people of this island; : but.informft us, that the most remarkable among- them ase the Hillanoons, whaJnhabii the inland mountainous* part of the 'Countryy and are- proprietors o£ the- gold-mines.^ The houae» of Mindanao are built upon posts eighteen>' or twenty faet^ high, to wJiioh. they .ascend by a ladder." The building consists only of one floor, which is divided into several rooms. The roof is of palm-leaves,- and i» the space under thehouse the common peoplekeep ducks . and fowl»*^ The house of th^ sultan stands upon 150 ereat posts,* and is much higher than the rest, with broacTsteps lead-«> ing up ta it. In the first room, are v twenty iron guns on carriages; the general and other great men- have aho guns in their houses* Near this is another, raised about^ four feet from the ground, wihere the sultan- and his coun-* cil sit cross-legged on rich carpets, to give audience to> ambassadors and foreign merchants. The floors of the> houses in general are well matted, a» no chairs are used> iu the country* The common people feed on fish, rice, and sago, .but the better sort have buffaloes and fowls, which they dress with a great deal of rice; but are mi-v serable cooks. They use no spoons, but take up food with their fingers, and usually wash after meals. Bathings is, much practised among these people, a beneficial cus-^ • torn in hot countries; and it is- common for them to go< into the river, strip themselvesi wash their cloatha^ puti them on again,, and go about their business.. SiOiMfii: m VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. speak Spanish, but the roost common languages are the * Malayan, and that of Mindanao. They have frequently invited the English to settle among them, but are afraid of the Dutch and Spaniards. Almost every person here is a goldsmith, blacksuith, or carpenter. They build good ships, adapted for trade or pleasure, and deal in gold) bees-wax, and tobacco, the last of n'hich is better thaii that of Manilla^ ^vhich may probably be owing to the difference of the soil. Agues, fevers, fluxes, are the . most common disorders; for all which diseases the coun- try affords sufficient medicines, which the people very, well know how to prepare and use. The sultan is despotic, but so poor, that if he knows, any of his suhjecu have, money, he will borrow it, nor do. they dare to refuse hinu He had, in Dampier's time,, besides his sultana, twenty-nine concubines, and waa then^ between fifty and six ty years of age. Several of the conr cubines would beg trifles of the sailors, whom they met> in the streets. When the sultan went abroad, he was carried in a litter upon four men's shoulders, attended by a guard of eight or ten men, but he never went far ffom the city, as the adjacent country was woody, and inconvenient for travelling. Sometimes he took pleasure on the water with his^ women, in a n^at vessel built for that purpose, with a^ cabin made of bamboo, and divided into three rooms; in.one of which he reposed on a carpet, whereon littie pillows were laid for his head ; the women attended in the second ; and the servants, with betel and tobacco,' waited in. the third. He sometimes makes war with the mountaineers; the weapons they use are swords, lances, and a sort of bayonet, called a cresset, which is worn by all persons from the highest to the lowest. They fight qo pitched battles in the field, but make small wooden fort8» wfadcli they defend by guns, and from which they sally to surprize each other in small parties ; but neither - give nor take quarter. The only music they have, are bells without clappers, which are commonly sixteen in number, and increase in, weight from three pounds to ten. These being placed upon a table, are struck with a stick, and produce an uncouth disagreeable noise. Mr. Dampier heard a set of these ia the house of the king's brother, whose son being \i \ M I i' DAMPIER. — 1686. em to be circumcised, occasioned their being used for several days together, previous to the ceremony. They have women who sing and, dance to the music of their own - voices, and others dance with them: nor are tbesultan'» children above joining in these gambols. These people observe the Ramadam, or fasting time in the month of August, beginning at one new moon and continuing till; the next, during which time they fast till the evening, then go to prayers for an hour, and afterwards feast heartily. They have so great an aversion to swine's flesh; as not to permit a person who has touched a hog to enter their houses for some days' afterwards ; yet there are great numbers of these animals running wild' about the> island, which they often requested Captain Swan's pec- pie to destroy. The sultan's brother having desired to have a pair of ^ shoes from one of the sailors^ but being told that they were sewed with threads pointed with hog^ bristles, he returned them in a great passion^and desired^ to have a pair sewed in some other manner, and was ex- tremely pleased that his request was complied with. As the people of the island proved civil, and as4be season of the year was far advanced. Captain Swan be- gan to^entertain thoughts of staying at Mindanao for a' considerable time ;. and thinking that, in this case, it- would be proper to make a friend of the sultan, he sent Mr; Moore on shore, with three yards of scarlet cloth, and three of silver lace, as a, present. An audience be* ing granted to him about nine o'clock at nighty by^ the sultan, his interpreter conversed with him above an ho«r in Spanish ; after which he and his people were enter-- tained with an excellent supper. Next day Captain^ Swan visited the sultauj and was entertained with beetle' and tobacco ; two letters were shewn him, one from the East India company of London, who had entertained* thoughts of building a fort there ; and the other, whioh- was directed to any Englishman who might happen tO' stop there, was from one Captain Goodlud, and con^^^ eluded with these words, "Trust none of them, they are*^ all thieves.'' One of the general's men had stolen some goods from this Captain Goodlud, and fled to the moutv* tains. This- fellow being taken while Captain Swan' wa» upon the island^ the sultan would have delivered him tOb the captain to be punished; but Swan refusing to inteiv^ 84 tOYAOES ROUND THE WORLDtx fere in the .business, tlie sultan, to manifest bis. love oi justice, ordered him to be bound to a post, by the hand» and feet,, where he was exposed the whole day to the heat of the sun, and the stinging of the mnskitos. In CQnsequeace of this equitable behaviour in. the sultan. Captain .Swan gaiw positive orders that none of hb peo- ple should offend the natives; and he punished Mr^-Teat, his chief- mate, for some slight faulthe had been guilty of. • Thct chief^general, Raja Laut, way conversant, in books of that language, and^ not uiiaf (jluninted .with the customs of European nations.. lie was ve|iy. friendly to Captain Swan, gave him hisbest^ advice^.an(iiofferedvhim.the,.u&e.0fJiis house while he re-. mained^oit the island. As the tempestuous: .weather ; began ta approach, the* saiiora, byijhe help joCfifty or sixty fishermen, hauled the shif> up die river, where they dug a bole and moored her,, so that she was always afloat; and the ii^liabitants com-, ing on«board, / all the men were sopn . provided with» pagallys, or comrades, who. behaved in. a very friend ly< mannarto them* Captain JSwan .was usually attended, with trumpets at his dinner, the music »f which affordedt^ Ri^a Laut the highest entertainmant.. 1'be. city ..of Mindanao, which is a.jmileiniength, audv. situated: on^ the thank of the. river, is a perfect pond dur-, ing. the wet season, and the ship would have been in the>. utoDoit danger from the large pieces of timber which were . washed down by the flood St had not great care been » taken ta, preserve her. When these began to, abate. Cap- tain Swan hired a warehouse, where he kept iiis goods, and MilSf while the ship was careening;: and, remarking; that Rfljjav Laut was exceedingly fond of dancing, sent for . his violins, .OBrshove, with some of the men. to entertain > bin. Among the jrest one John Thacker, a frugal fellow, . who bad saved money enough to dress himself genteeiy, and who had learned to dance at some of the music. houiea in Wapping, was mistaken by the general for a . . ■phlffflian, and one of the sajlors confirmed him in.hji^/^ love o£ i hands* to the oa. In sultan, lis peo- r^-Teat, uilty of*' with the> his con-^ irn, and ith rice* ng good I spoke it. age, and;; nations.. I his bestr lie he re-. Dumpier buried in the Sand, aach, the» luled the ored her,i ints com-, led with* friend Ijf^ attended, affordedt^ igth, aud< >ond dur-. [en in the^ lich were . :are be«n» [ate, Cap- lis goods. [emarking^ r, sent for entertain > |ral fellow,, genteely, , [he music, leral for a» lim in.bi^'^ The Sailor dancing at Mindanao. — Dumpier. 0AM Fi 111.^1887: 9Si ^rrotr.j Bat the affair coming to the knowledge of the* captain, the tar was thrashed for the imposition, and thet general was nndeceived, but xould Aever afterwards en- diire the sight of the fellow. When careenwig the ship,' they found that a^nost astonishing number of worms had' eateti into her bpttom, during her stay in 'the harbour; • but having new^^ sheathed this, they> steered out on the* 10th of December, and began to fill watsr, and^carry> rice on-rboard. The general^ however, who 4iad his views* in detaining the vessel, kept several of tiie men on-shore,^ hunting with JiioH. under pretence of stocking the ship with beef; but -Mr. Dampier, who was one of the hunt-' rng-party, says, that in ten days' excursions they met- with only tour cows, and of these wereaiot able to catch' any. one. Captain Swan Jiow J)egan to entertain thoughts of quitting thfiL island, with a view to take in a lading oft spice, at an adjarcent island, which has been since in possession of the Dutch; but the men expected he would< have coutinued the privateering, whiclrhe was extremely- a,yerse tOy.tliough/ he^ carefully xsoncealed it from tfaeoh' ' Raja Laut had..a hunting-match iii search, of black (Mttle,- the day after Christmas-day, in which he was accompa-' sued by all his wives, and five or six Englishmen: in thi»» expedition Ihey killed, three 4ieifers, but. he and hi^ com- pany took care tc drink so plentifttlly'Of a very agreeable^ liqour, extracted from rice,, that tliey were drunk two ori^ three times before night. > At this time one of the men happening by accident tOn> find Captain Swan's journal, shewed it to his companions;' and as Ihey. found I>ehad made remarks on the smailest- offence of ev«ry sfulor on- board, and been very free in* bis reflections on the crew in general, they. determined^ to d£|)rive him of the command, cbusing Mr. Read cap- tain^»fAod.Mr. Teat master; and having resolved to cruize * beforei Manilla^ they set ^ail on tbe.l4th of January, 1687* leaving. Captain Swan and thirty-six men •on-shore. • Mr. Dampier was among those who left Mindanao. On' the 3d. of February. they. anchored off an island to the* west of the isle of Sebo, the name of which they did not j> kiiowv in. Jatitude aine> degrees fifteen minutes^, where neither house ,Qorx inhabitants were seen, but a prodigioua« number of large bats, the vvings of some of which, when.* e^tepd.^d, measured eight feet from tip to tip,, and wejrt^ 86^ VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. edged with sharp crooked claws, which (.lung fast to any thing they happ<;ned to touch. They sailed from this place on the 10th of February, coasting along the west side of the Philippine islands. On the 18th came to an anchor, at the north-west end. of Mindora, an island forty leagues in length. Here they found a small river of fresh water, running into the sea^ near the place where they lay at anchor, and saw plenty of oxen and hogs> but so wild they could not catch them. During their stay, a canoe from Manilla, with four In- dians on-'board, came and gave information, that in the harbour of Manilla there were generally tiventy or thirty Vessels belonging to the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Chinese, and that if inclined to engage in a clandestine trade, they would carry letters to some merchants of that place. Left this place on the 21st ; on the 23d, arrived at the south-east end of the island of Luconia, where they took two barks bound to Manilla, from Pagassanam, a small town on this island. Luconia is near sixty leagues broad, and not less than 120 in length ; it is surrounded by^ many small islands, of which Mindora, the principal, lies nearest, and gives its name to a channel between it and the former. The country is partly composed of moun- tains, which afford some gold, and partly of large pasture- plains, stored with buffaloes, cows, horses, sheep, goats,. and hogs. It is said to be extremely healthy, though' situated in fifteen degrees north latitude ; and its water is esteemed tlie best in the world. It is inhabited by. Indians, who live in small towns, and are instructed in^ the Roman Catholic religion, by Spanish priests. Ma- nilla is the chief, if not the only city, seated at the foot of a ridge of high hills. It is defended by a strong wall;- the houses are spacious, strong, and covered with tiles y, the stireets large and regular, with a market-place in the middle. It is adorned with several churches and con- vents, and the harhour is very large. The city is well watered, and the country about it is fruitful and plentiful. Its chief trade is with Acapulco. As the season of the year was too far advanced to- think of trade, they determined to sail for Pulo Condorc, the chief of a cluster of small islands on the coast of Cambodia, and to return in. the month of May, to lie in ; DAMPIKR.—1687. 8T wail for the Acapulco ship; accordingly they sailed from Luconia on the 26th of February, and anchored on the north side of Pulo Condore, on the 14t}i of March. This island, the only one of the clu,ster that is inhabited, produces several kinds of trees, among which is a very tali one, between three and four feet in diameter ; fron»an incision made in the trunk of which they distilled a liquor, that when heated a little, had the virtues of tar, and being kept longer over the fire, acquired the consist- ence of pitch, in lieu of which it was used with suiiccss. One of these trees aifords two quarts of juice daily, for a month together; after which, drying up, it recovers itself again. Mango-lrees. are also produced here, the fruit of which is pickled while green, with salt, vinegar, .and garlic. The fruit is^about the size of a small peach, very juicy and* pleasant, and is so fragrant as to perfume the air at some; distance. In this island grows a straight tree, about a foot- in diameter, upon which^rapes grow in clusters, about the* body of the tree, like the fruit of the cocoa-tree, and have a very pleasant taste. There is also a kind of bastard Dutmeg, which exactly resembles the true, but has neither- smell nor taste. Here are hogs, guanoes, and lizards, together with several sorts of fowl, as parrots, paroquets, w^ld coeks and hen«, turtle-doves and pigeons. The sea- shore abounds with muscles, limpets, and turtle. The inhabitants, wbo came originally from Cochin China, are small, but well-shaped ; of a dark complexion, . long visage, black hair, thin lips, little eyes^ and white teeth; very civil, but poor; their chief enfployment con- sisting in supplying vessels with the juice of the tar- tree, and making turtle-oil, b^ boiling the fat of the fish,.' wWch. tiiey send to Cochin China. These people are mostl}^. idolaters; but Daropier does not pretend to be aequamted with the ceremonies of their religion; only he imagjoefrthe^ worship the elephant and the horse, liaving^ observed^: a representation of the latter on the outside, and of the farmer in the inside of a temple, which was a mean woodeQ.buildin^, in a small village on the south-side of the island. They staid at- this place from the 16th of MvQhto tbe> 16th qf April, during' which they careened the ship^> and made her a fresh suit of sails, out of the ^th taken^ourboard the Spanish prize. Whilpireinainiiig here> the inhabitants supplied them.k 88^ VOYAGES" ROUND THE WORLD. with |>leiity of hogs, turtle, and fruit, for which thev toolc ri«e in exchange. Having, unloaded the prize taken at Manilla, they went t« the north side of the island^, to supply themselves with water, and then taking on-board a^person who. unders:t4)od the Malay language, to pilot them to Siam, with, which place^ as well as the islands- lying on: the road, he pretended. to be acquainted, they, set sail on. the 7th of Aprils and entered the bay ofn Siam on the^24lh, where the pilot ran them aground. < At: this place Captain. Read went on-shore among the islands,, in search of fish, .hut returned without success; and steering for Pulo Ubi, at which place they had touched* io their passage hither, found two vessels at anchor, laden with lacquer, such as is used in japanning. These ves- sels, one of which was remarkably neat,^ had oo^board forty sailors,, brisk sociable fellows, armed with guns, . swordsj and lances. They, returned to Pulo Condore ouv the. 21st >of May,, vdiere was found a- small bark at an-: chor, to hail which Captain R^ad sent a canoe alongside^-- of her; but charged his men not to venture on-board,.^ MMthout haying tirst made friends of the people; lest«. they should be Malays, whomjie knew to be remarkably tceacherous. . However, the men neglected his orders,^ and boarded^ her, but were soon obliged to retreat, being*-, attacked witb.it kind of bayonets, called cresses, and. compelled to leap into the sea, and swim for their lives ; ^ and it is not a little extraordinary, that one of the men,f named Daniel Wallis, swam^. on. that occasion,, thought he coi^ never »wim.before» or was. able to»repeat:it af-> terwards. Captain Read manned tw« canoeS) in order, to punish, these people; but as soon as they saw.the En'* ^ish advancing, eseapjed into. the woods, having first cut/ a,hole in.the bark's bottom,, and sunk her^ Quitting Pulo Condore with a.south-west wihdV'on tfie: 4th of June, .^.1687,. intending to cruize off ManiJhi, the; wind soon changed to. the south-east, and they were« forced »on the coast of China, and coming to an anchor>^ oathe north-east of St..John'j» island, lying, in. 22 deg./ 30 mia. north latitude. . The skirts of this; spot, bordiering the sea,- are for the mosit part .woody : the., soil in general fertile; and in the* inland parts, there are good pasture-grounds and manyj g^ovet 9f trees,^ They have plenty of tame ducks, cocks.^ DAMPIER.— 1687. 8t and liens, but no wild-fowls; buffaloes, buUocks, goats, and China hogs, are very plenty. These hogs are black, have sitort necks, small heads, short legs, and bellies which sweep the ground. The natives chiefly maintain themselve:s by cultivating rice. They are tall, raw- boned, straight- bodied men; have tawny complexions, long faces, aquiline noses, small eyes, black hair, and thin beards, which are tied up in knots, or curled in whiskers on each side of their lips. They were formerly very proud of their hair, but the Tartars, when they made a cpnquest of tiiis country, compelled them to shave their heads, leaving only one lock on the crown of the head, which they permit- to grow to a great lengthj^ and sometimes it flows loose, tirough it is generally platted. It is as much, as the life of a Chinese is worth, to be found witli long hair ; and many have been known to abandon their country rather than part with it. They wear no covering for the head^ but instead, use an um- brella to shad« them; from the weather : a large f«a ia^ used for the same purpose, if they have but a little way to go. They wear no stockings, but slippers on their feet, and the covering is a light frock and breeches. Th* women on this island, as well as those on the con- tinent of China, are compelled to be much at home, on . account of the smalkiess of their f«5et, which are. bounds up prodigiously tight in their infancy, to prevent their, growing, smail feet being esteemed a great beauty ; for this reason they only stumble about their houses, beings obliged to sit dovtrn at the end of every two or three steps. They make very, curious embroidery, for their shoes, and in general are excellent needle-women. The feet of the poorer women are suffered to grow much larger, that they may be able to procure their subsistence. There is a small town in the island, situated in marshy, ground, the houses of which- are mean, lowly, badly fur- nished, and built upon post3. While at anchor, a Chinese jnnk lay near them, flat both; at the bead and stern, having little huts, three feet high on the deck, which were covered with palmetta leaves. She had a large cabin, with an altar and lamp burning in it. The hold was divided into several parti-' tions, each so light, that if a leak should spring. in one,^ the goods in the next would receive no damage. Every. 00 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. merchant has his particular room, where he stows hi» goods, and sometimes lodges in it himself. This has only two masts, a main-mast and fore-mast ; the last has a square sail and square ^ard, but the niain-niast has a sail narrow aloft, like a sloop's sail. In fair weather they use also a top-sail, which in foul weather they haul down on deck, yard and all. The main-mast of the largest junks, is as large as that of our third-rate men of war, but made all out of one tree, and not pieced as ours arc. Perceiving all imaginable signs of an approching storm, on the dd of July they weighed anchor, and got out to sei with all possible expedition, that they might not want room. About eleven o'clock at night, the storm overtook them, which lasted with prodigious fierceness till about four in the morning, when the hopes of the superstitious sailors were revived by the sight of a Corpus Sanctum upon the mainmast, which they looked upon as the fore- runner of good weather, but had it been upon deck, they would have esteemed it a certain sigp of being lost. The Corpusw Sanctum is a small gUttering light like a star, wJiich usually dances about a ship in hard weather. B^^ eleven o'clock the next morning it was stark calm ; after which the storm raged more violently than ever; and as they dreaded the continuance of bad weather during this moon, which was near the full, they deterrained.to steer away -for the Piscadores, or Fisher Islands, which lie in 23 deg. north latitude. On the 20th of July, gained sight of them, and came to an anchor between the two easternmost islands, on the west-side of one of which they were agreeably surprised to find a large town, with a fort commanding the harbour, the houses of which were neatly built, but low. Some of the men who went on-shore were carried be- fore the governor, who being informed they were Eng- lish, and intended to trade, said they must not pretend to doit, as it was a thing absolutely forbidden there. He treated them, however, with great civility, and said he would assist them as much as layJn his power, sending a present to the captain, of a small jar of flour, some water- melons, about a dozen pine-apples, and some cakes of fine bread. Tiiey were visited the next day by an ofiicer of a very grand appearance, dressed in a loose coat, with, breeches and boots of black silk, and a black sjlk cap, on. lai DAMPIER. — 1G87. 01 which was a plume of black and white feathers. He brought oil-board with him, as a present from the gover- nor, a very fat heifer, two large hogs, four goats, two bas- kets of Hour, twenty large flat cakes of bread, two jars of sam-shu, or arrack, and fifty-five jars of hoc-shu, a strone j)!ea!sanf liquor resembling mum,^ and which is extracted from wheat. In return for these presents Captain Read sent the governor a silver-hilted sword, a carbine, and a gold chain ; and on the gentleman's return, he was sa- luted with three guns. They sailed from the Piscadores with a south-west wind, oi) the 29ih of July, steering for some little is- lands between Formosa and Liu^ouia, known by no other, name than the Five Isles, which they imagined to be un- inhabited ; but, to their great surprise, found three popu- lous towns, all within a league from the sea. One of these, about eight leagues long and two broad, they called the Prince of Orange Island, in honour of the Prince of Orange, aftecwards King William the Third. To another Dampiergave the name of Grafton, in honour of the Duke of Grafton, in whose family his wife then lived ; and a third was called Monmouth Island, in ho- nour of the Duke of Monmouth ; these ware the three largest, and of the others, one they called the Goat Island, from the number of goats they saw upon it, and the other Bsishee, from a pleasant liquor of thiil name, which they drank there. Orange Island, though the largest, is un- inhabited, being rocky and barren ; on Goat Island there is one town, but Monmouth and Grafton Islands contain, a great number of inhabitants. The hills of these isles are rocky, but the valleys are fertile in grass, plantains, bananas, pine^apples, pompious, sugar-canes, potatoes, and cotton. They are well-watered with running streams, and stored with goats and bogs, but have scarcely any. fowl, either wil(f or tame. The natives are short s^nd thick, round-visaged, with, low foreheads, and thick eye-brows ;. their noses flattish. and short, their eyes of a hazel colour and small, but not so small as those of the Chinese ; their lips and mouths of the middle size, with white teeth, and- black thick straight hair, which they cut short, so as not to permit it to cover their ears. Their complexion is a dark cop- per colour. The nien go bare-headed ; some wear no m VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. dotbes but a cloth about the middle, but others have a) kind of jacket made of plantain-leaves, as rough as a. bear's skin. The women have a short petticoatof coarse calico, of their own making, which reaches a little belcw. the knees. Both sexes wear ear-rings made of a yellow metal, which they dig out of the mountains ; it is of the weight of true gold, but rather, paler. Our author is not absolutely certain whether it was real gold or not, for though of a fine colour at first, it afterwards faded, whichi making the people on-board suspect it, they did not buy much. They observe the natives cover it with a kind of red earth, and then put it iuto a quick fire, till it was red- hoti which brought it to its former colour again. The houses are very small, and not above filre feet in. height, built with small posts fajitened togetiier with boughs. At; one end of the house i:S tiie fite-place, near, which lie a number of boards, on which they sleep. They inhabit villages built oa- the sides of ro>cky hills,, three or four rows of houses, being one above anotlfer. These rocky precipices are framed by nature into deep steps or storieS) upon each of which they build a row of their houses, and ascend from one row or street to the other by ladders, which being drawn up, there is no pos- sibility of climbing to attack them. The street to «!very row of houses rtins paraUel' to the tops of the houses of* the row beneath-^ and the ladder by whiclr they ascend,' is placed in the middle of the street.- These people live mostly by fishing, and are very expert in building boats, which resemble our yawls. 1 hey have also larger ves- sels, which are managed with twelve or fourteen oars. What husbandry affairs they carry on, are managed' chiefiy by. the women. It was. customary for them to beg the paunches of the hogs and goats killed by the ship's crew, the contents of which they put into a pot, and then boiling it, eat it with raw fish ; but they have a dish made of locusts, which is not ill tasted. These insects coming, at certain seasons to devour their plants, are caught with nets, and bak« or boil them in an earthen pan. Their common drink is water, but they have also a strong and ' intoxicating liquor called Bashee, made of the sugar-cane, boiled and mixed with some blackberries, which is put. into jars and kept five or six days, and then it greatly rfiseinbles English beer, both in colour and tastie, . DAMPIER.— '1687. 09 ave a) 1 as a. oarse belcw, rellow of the is not t, for whichi )t buy ind of IS red- feet in. • with !, near, sleep. f hills,. nother. o deep row of! to the ao pos- ) wivery uses of* ascend: flelive boats, er vcs- c oars, anaged' to beg ship's id then made loming . >t with Their iDg and' ii'-cane, is put . Igreatly I Bampier does not pretend to be acquainted with their 'language, which is neither like the Chinese nor Malay; but he observes that the yellow metal already nienttoned, is called by the name of Bullawar, which is the word that the Indians of the Philippine Ishindsuse for gold. They have no arms-biit lances, headed with iron, and wear a kind of coiat-of-mail made of the skin of the buffalo, which is as thick as a board, has no sleeves, and reaches down to the calves of their legs. These people-appeared to have noreligion or government, nor any. precedency among them, except that (he children were very obedient to their parents-; but he fancies they have ancient eus- ^toms which serve them for laws, for they saw a young lad buried alive, as- they supposed for theft. Each man 'lias only one wife, who is very obedient to her husband. Their boys are brought up to fishing, and the girls work >in the plantations, with their motliers, where each family 'cultivates as much ground as is necessary for its own supply. They are civil ^ood-tempered people, neither quarrelling among themselves nor with others. Th^ 'have BO coin, but .pass tlieir ^yellow metal as money, which 'they 'pay away by guess. On the ship's -first as- 'choring here, about a hundred boats, filled with the na- tives, came round her at once, md made no scruple «f |;oing-on board, exchanging. yams, potatoes, and bashee, tot leaden bullets, spikes, and old nails; a fat goat for mi -old iron hoop.; and a fot hog, of eighty pouiKls weight, for two or three. pounds of iron. On tbe 25th of September 'oUr adventurers were driven out to sea by a violent storm, which continued to such a degree till the 20th, that they were every moment in danger of being swallowed by the waves; and it was the 1st of October before they could get back to Bashee island. The men were so discouraged by this, that they determined to lay aside all thoughts of cruizing before Manilla, and were more inclined to a homeward 'voyage than to any other enterprise ; but Captain Read and Mr. Teat at length , persuaded them to steer for cape Comorin, by going round to the east of the Philippine Is- lands, and so keeping south of the spice islands, to past iiito the Indian ocean, about the island of Timor ; instead 'of which, as the eastern rooousoon was at hand, our aii^ 1D4 VOYAGES ROU>ID THE WORLD. thor observes, that their nearest aiid best way would hav^ been to have passed through the streets of Malacca. They quitted these islands with fair weather, and the wind at west, on the 3d of October, 1687; and on the 16th of the same month, anchored between two small islands to the south of Mindanao, where thev hauled the ship on-shorei to clean her bottom, and made a new fore- top-mast, a pump, & fore-yard, and a boltsprit. At this place a young prince belon^ng to One -of the adjacent spice islands, 'came on-board and informed them, that Captain Swan and his men, whom they left beliind them, iiad fought under Raja Laut with good success against the mountaineers, and tbe captain was in great esteem at Mindanao. Being now so near him, our author would 4iave persuaded the men to submit once more to his au- thority ; but the affair coming to the knowledge of Cap^ *lain Read, he took care to prevent it. After this, Mr. Dampier learnt that most of Swan's men got on-board different ships, but that he himself and the sur- geon going on-board a Dut^h vessel, were overset by the natives and drowned ; and tbat there was some grounds to imagine that this murder was 'perpetrated by oi'd^r of Raja Laut, partly in revenge f6r some slighting ^xpr^s^* ^ions which Swan haid imprudently uttered, and partly for the sake of some gold which the captain had amassed, And which, by his death, fell into the hands of the general. They sailed hence on the 2d of November ; on the 22d, being three leagues to the southward of the island of Celebes, saw a large proa, in which were sixty men, attended by six smaller ones, to whom they hoisted Dutch colours, but in vain, with a view to allure them on-board. On tins coast of this island saw cockles so prodigiously large, that one was sufficient to feed se- ven or eight people. A kind of vine also grew here, the leaves of which being pounded with hog's lard, made an excellent satve for wounds. In three decrees south lati- tude, on the 30th of November, they discovered three water*spouts : th^se are very dangerous to shipping, but the ill consequences of them are sometimes prevented by iiring great guns in order to break them. They are first formed upon the surface of the sea, the water of which, after whirling about a long time in the circumference of, I DAMPIER. — 1687. 195 havfe ■ cl the n the small ;d the fore- st this jacent 1, that them, gainst esteem would lis an« »f Cap- is, Mr. -board B sur- by the routids fdtr of xpffes^ partly assed, eneral. ion the of the were they allure cockles Bed se- re, the ade au th lati- three g, but ted by e first hich, ce of, n perhaps, a hundred paces, flies up in a pyramidical form to a cloud, whicli crowns it, and along with which it drives upon the water, until the suction being spent, the spout separates from the cloud, and the ^ater falls again .into the sea with a dreadful noise, and destroys whatever may happen to be beneath it. #n the 1st of December, steered a southern course, and on the 6th came to an anchor on the east side of the island of Button, lying in four degrees fifty-four mi- nutes south latitude. This island is flat and woody, about twenty-five leagues long, and ten broad. At half- a-mile from the sea is Callasusung, the residence of the sultan-;, it is a long town, seated on the top of a small bill, in a pleasant plain, inclosed witha strong stone wall, within which is a walk of cocoa-trees. The inhabitants are neat, cleanly, small, and well-shaped ; in manners and complexion, resembling thoseof Mindanao. They are Mahometans, and «peak the Malay tongue. The sultan "hearing the ship was English, came On-board with three /^^ his sons, attended by some of his nobles, and assured C trinRead he would serve hini tot^e best of his power, p : lat he was willing to trade with his subjects for vvtidteyer he pleased. Th« captain caused him to be saluted with five guns on coming on-board, and the same •number when he went on shore. The peopte brought on- board plenty of potatoes, eggs, fowls, and other provi- sions : and the next day Read, agreeable to an invitation, visited the sultan at his palace, which was a very neat building. He was received in a room on the ground- floor, covered with mats, after having first passed through a (ane of forty soldiers, armed, with lances, who were quite naked ; and was entertained with tobacco, betel and cocoa-nuts. Some time after, the sultan made him a present of two goats, and a boy, each of whose jaws were lined with two rows of teeth. The island abounded in rice and pOtatbes, and several beautiful birds, parti- cularly paroquets, and cockadores. Thecockadore is as white as snow, with 4he shape and bill of a parrot, and has a bunch of feathers like a crown on his head. Captain Read remained here till the 12th, but in at- tempting to weigh, broke the cable and lost the anchor, which had hooked on a rock. On the 16th, got clear of the shoals, which lie in great numbers about this is- 96 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. land ; and, on the 20th, passed the island of Oniba, whiph in some maps is called Pentara, nvhere Ihey saw thick smokes by day, and large fires by night. There is a good town on the north side of this island, near the sea; biit Ihey could hot stfind inT<>r it, on account of the badness of the weather. Being clear of all tlie islands by the 27th, they steered for^N^w'HoUand, which land they fell in with oil the 4th of January, 1688, in latitude sixteen degrees fifty minutes south. They ran twelve leagues along the shore before they could find a proper place to Ifinchor in ; biit the following day discovered a good h^ir- j>our, and came to an anchor at the distance of two miles from the shore. New HoHand is a vast tract of land^ which joins heitlier to Asia, Africa, nor A'mericai; but is uncer- tain whether it is part of the main continent, or ah ishind. The land is dry and sandy; near where they anchored there were no rivers; so that what fresh water they had was sot b^ digging. The country 4>r6duces many kinds of trees, tvhidb grow a at distancq from each other, having;^ under them pretty long grass. From ione of these trees distilled a gum, which, on ex- amination, appeared to be gum-dragon. They saw' no animals, but discovered the footstep of some beast that appeared to be like that of a large mastiff do|;. They found no fruits, and very few birds, the largest of which was no bigger than a thrush ; alid the sc^ appeared almost destitute oflisli, except the manatee and turtle. The inhabitants of this country appdar to betlie most miserable peojple on earth; having no garments except a piece of the bark of a tree tied like a girdle round the waist; no liouses or Coverings, but the hcfavens; no sheep, poultry, or fruits ; their food being a small sort of fish, brought iii with every tide, and left in stone "weirs, which are erected on the shore at low waler-mark for that purpose ; and they have sometimes a few cockles, muscles, and peri- winkles; whatever they catcli is equally divided, and if their supply fails, they are in danger of starving; but this, through the care of Providence, seldom happens^ These people are tall, thin, and strong limbed, with large heads, bushy eye-brows, broad fiat noses, thick lips, wide mouths, short black curled hair, and complexion as dark ^as the netgroes of Africa ; and like them also have no DAMPIER.— 10B8. m bcfards. Their features are disagreeable, and it is rt- tnarkable that the two fore-teeth of the up|ier jaw are wanting both in men and women ; but whether tbesc were taken out by way of ornament, or whether it was a natural defect, Mr. Dampier does not pretend to be cer* tarn. There appeared to be no marriages or other par- ticular conncKions between the men and women, but the^ lived together in f fish, and two young alligators. Leaving this island on the ISth, on the 29th saw a proa at anchor, with four men in her, whom Captain Read very inhumanly detained prisoners, after having seized the cargo, which consisted of oil and cocoa-nuts, and sunk the vessel, which was done to prevent Mr. Dampier, and others whom they sus- pected, from making their escape. On the 4th of May they bad sight of the Nicobar islands, which lie forty leagues north-west of the island of Sumatra. The chief commodities of these islands are Bmbergrease and fruit, which the natives carry in proas, on-board such ships as come into the Load. They came to an anchor in eight fathom water on the 6th, at the west side of the island of Nicobar, properly so called, and which gives name to the others. It lie| in 7 deg. 30 min. north latitude, is twelve lcaguc« in length, and three or four broad. It forms a beautiful landscape when seen from the sea ; the soil fertile and well watered. Many sorts of trees flourish here, among wliich are cocoas and mallories, the latter beiug a fruit of a light green colour, with a tough, smooth rind; it eats like an apple, and is about the size of the bread- fruit. The natives are tall and well-proportioned, with black eyes» handsome noses, long faces, lank black hair, and a deep copper-colour complexion. The women have no hair on their eye- brows, which it is imagined they pluck off to increase their beauty ; their only dress is a short petticoat, which reaches no lower than the knees, and the men have only a piece of cloth wrapped round the waist, and swathed two or three times about the thigh, llieir houses consist only of one room, which is about eight feet high from the ground, being raised upon posts, and covered with palmetto leaves. Their language was altogether unintelligible, nor could any one discover any sort of religion among them, nor any kind of settled government, every one appearing on an equal footing. They live in houses scattered about the island, seldom more than four or five being found together. They have neither rice, yacns, nor potatoes, but plantains in a mo- derate quantity, ar ^ome cocks, hens, and small hogs. Their canoes, or *; .\ is, will contain twenty or thirty men ; they sit upon ' inches made of split bambo, and row in I imntity Jaod on itb four letaincd onsisted lich iiva» hey sus- Nicobar island of ands are in proas, lev came ti/ at the o called, ie% in 7 iguc« in beautiful ^ irtile and ;, among g a fruit rind; it le bread- led, with ack hair, men have ned I hey dress is a le knees, ed round ibout the which is sed upon language discover of settled fooling, seldom hey have in a mo- lall bogs, irty men ; id row in I 11 BAMPICR.— 1688. the same manner that the watermen on the Thames do the wherries. At this place Captain Read ordered the men to heel the ship, in order to clean her ; he also took in a fresh sup- ply of water. Here Mr. Dam|)ier obtained leave of Cap- tain Read to go on-shore with his chest and bedding, being resolved to leave so wicked a crew ; and two other persons, named Ambrose and Hall, followed his example. Mr. Coppinge, their surgeon, was very desirous of bear- ing them company, but was detained by force. There were but two h'>us^ tt the place where they landed, tlie master of c - oi hich invited P/'^ Djmpier, by signs, to enter ; intimating that he woukv. ue exposed to danger, from the wild beasts of the woods, during the darkness of the night. The four men that had been taken in the proa off Sumatra, and the pilot they brought from Pulo Condore, were also left upon this island. The latter, who was a Portuguese, proved a useful member of their community, as he understood the Indian and Malay tongues. Captain Read got under sail about twelve o^clock at night, after which, Dampier and his friends laid down to sleep, which they were afraid to do before, lest the captain should have repented having given them liberty, and sent some of his people to force them on* board again ; and perhaps he would scarcely have per^ mitted them to go on-shore, had he imagineu they could have got off the island, as they afterwards did. Dampier was visited by his friendly host early in the morning, together with four or five friends, who brought with them a large calabash filled with toddy. The In- dian seemed surprised at first to see the number of his guests so much increased, but he soon appeared well-sa- tisfiedj and sold them a proa for an axe, which one of the sailors, knowing it to be a valuable commodity among the Indians, had stolen and brought away from the ship. This skiff was about the size of a wherry, but they had no sooner got on-board with all their effects, than she overset, and it cost three days time to dry their papers, clothes, and other goods. At length, with the assistance of the Achin sailors, they set the vessel to rights, fitted her out with a good mast, and balance-logs, or out-riggers ; after which they jp2 100 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. i 9teered for the east side of the island, being followed by the inhabitants in eight or ten canoes, whom Mr. Hall frightened away by (iriog a gun over their heads, being apprehc^psive that such a large company would enhance the price of provisions, j^ his inconsiderate action had Hke to have been productive of ill-consequences, for their most useful hands, the Achin men, were so frightened, that they leaped out of the canoe, and it was some time before they could be convinced that no injury was in- tended them. It also intimidated the inhabitants, who, till then, had brought them provisions, which they used to purchase for old rags, and small pieces of cloth. After this the inhabitants appeared in great numbers every where, to oppose their landing ; however, in a day qr two, Dampier and Hall leaped on-shore in sight of a great many, with ^hom they soon made peace by shaking hands, upon which they were supplied with provisions in the same abundance as before. Their provisions con- sisted of mallories, the pulp of which being separated from the rind and the core, and pressed together, will keep six Of |ieven days; some cocoas, and a few hens. These, with twelve large cocoa-nut-shells, and two or three bamboes, all which c itained about eight gallons of yvater, were their only Sv 3tore, with which the^ left the island of Nicobar on the i5th of May, 1688, and di- rected their course towards Achin. After being three days at sea, they observed the sky begin to be cloudy ; also a halo, or bright circle, encom- passing the sun, an infallible prognostic of bad weather; a^ordingly they were attacked by so dreadful a storm, fhat they expected every moment to be swallowed by the sea; but the next day, after such a tempest of wind, thunder, lightning, and rain, as it was astonishing their vessel could outlive, they were agreeably surprised to bear one of their Achin sailors call out Pulo-Way, (that is the island of Way,) which is situated near the north- west end of Sumatra. After some hours they discovered that what they had taken for the island of Way, was the golden mountain of Sumatra. The n^xt day they anchored near the mouth of the river Passange lonca, in the island of Sumatra, thirty-six leagues from Achin ; and as they were half-dead with the DAMPIER.— 1001. 101 ftttigues of the voyage, they were carried to a small fish- ing town near the river, and entertained with great kind- ness by the inhabitants. The news of their arrival being carried to several of the oramkis, or noblemen, they came to see them ; and, having heard their adventures, ordered a house to be provided, and sent them plenty of rice, fish, eggs, fowls, plantains, and cocoas. They re- mained here till June, but recovered their health very slowly : they then determined to proceed to Achin, where there*^is an English factory; for which purpose they em- barked on-board a proa, which in three days carried them safe to that place. Here they were received with great friendship, and treated with great hospitality, by Mr. Dennis Driscol, an Irishman, in the service of the East India Company, who acted as interpreter between them and the chief-magistrate, who is called the Saban- dar. At this place, Dampier commenced an acquaint- ance with Captain Bowrey, who wanted him to make a voyage to Persia, as boatswain ; but his ill state of health would not permit him to accept the offer. Mr. Ambrose and Mr. Hall entered on-board Bowrey's ship; and when Dampier had recovered his health, he engaged with one Captain Weldon, with whom he remained fifteen months^ and made several trading voyages ; after which he entered as gunner to the English factory at Bencoolen, in which station he continued five months, but disliking the governor of the fort, then quitted it. He remained upon this coast till the year 1691, and then embarked on-board the Defence, Captain Heath, which lay in the road of Bencoolen. As the governor had given him permission to depart, but afterwards revoked it, he was obliged to make his escape by creep- ing through one of the port-holes of the fort, but carried off his most valuable papers, and in particular his jouN nal. He got on-board the 2d of .lanuary, 1691, and they sailed on the 25th, but had not been many days at sea before a fatal distemper raged on-board, by which they lost about thirty men. They reached the Cape in the beginning of April, when the sick went on-shore, and were supplied with mutton, beef, and other refreshments. Going on-shore at the Cape of Good Hope, he took with him an extraordinary person, called the Painted Prince,, whose name was Jocliy, and who> together with his mo- 102 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. ther, had been purchased by one Mr. Moody at Miu« danao, who afterwards went with Mr. Dampier to Beu- coolen, and, at parting, gave him the hali^share of the Painted Prince and his mother, and left them iu bis cus- tody. These people were born in the island of Meangis, which abounds in gold, cloves, and nutmegs. The Prince was curiously painted, after the manner of flower* work, on the breast, on his back, betwixt his shoulders, and on the fore-part of his thighs. According to what our author could learn, this painting was performed by pricking the skin, and rubbing on it the gum of a tree called damurer, which is used instead of pitch in some parts of the Indies. He told Dampier, that the people of his country fed on fowl, fish, and potatoes, and wore golden ear-rings, and bracelets about their arms and legs. As to his being made captive, he said, that, as one day, he, bis father and mother, were going in a canoe to one \ of the adjacept islands, they were taken by some flsher- men of Mindanao, who sold them all to the interpreter of Raja Laut, with whom he and his mother lived as slaves five years ; and were then sold to Mr. Moody for sixty dollars. After a while Mr. Moody gave his other share of these people to Dampier, who tells us that the mother soon died, and it was not without difficulty he was able to preserve the life of the son ; whose history we may as well conclude here, by observing that Mr. Dam- pier, after his arrival in the Thames, being in want of money, sold a part of his property in him at first, and afterwards the whole; from which time the poor Indian was carried from place to place, and shewn for money, liil at length he died of the small-pox at Oxford. Having remained six weeks at the Cape of Good Hope, Captain Heath sailed on the 29d of May, aud arrived at St. Helena, on the 20th of June. They left this island on the 2d of July, in company with other ships bound for f^ugland, and, on the 16tli of September, 1691, anchored in the Downs, where they found several English and Dutch ships preparing to crui2e against the French, with whom we were then at war : and our adventurers thought themselves very happy they did not fall into the hands of their enemies. The publication of the abpye voyage round the world DAMPIER.— 1098. 105 y at Miu- :r to Beu- ire of the u his cus- Meangis, gs. The of flower- ihoulders, r to what formed by t of a tree h in some he people and wore and legs. } one day, loe to one \ me fisher, erpreter of [ as slaves for sixty Lher share that the mculty he listory we Mr. Dam- a want of first, and tor Indian the world having recommended Dampier to the notice of persons of the first eminence ; he was afterwards employed by go- vernment in discoveries both in the Eastern and South- ern Seas. His first expedition was to the coast of New Holland, which could have no other object but discovery in vi«W. He sailed from the Downs^ on January 14, 1608,, in his majesty's ship the Roebuck, carrying only twelve guns, and fifty men, and having twenty months provisions on-boaird. On the 1st of August they fell in with the western c6ast of New Holland, iii latitude 26 deg. south, where, however, they found nothing very different from what Dampier had before described. The only land animals they saw, were a small sort of ra- coons, different from those of the West-Indies chiefly in their legs, which are short before, and on which they run jumping ; arid a sort of guano's, or lizards, peculiar to the country, which appear to have two heads, but in reality have biit ohe, and no tail ; and,*what is no less remarkable, their four legs appear to be all fore-legs, so formed as that the creature may walk either way. To these may now be added the kangnroO;, a quadruped of a particular shape, as large as a sheep, a^d a creature of the oppos- sum kind, with dogs and wolves ; of the latter sort some were seen by Dampier's men, but so lean that they were nothing but skin and bone. In latitude 23 deg. south, they saw dolphins and small whales, and abundance of scuttle-shells, swimming in the sea. They were much distressed for water here. Being ashore em- ployed in digging ^ well, Dampier was assaulted by ten or twelve of the natives, with whom he had a skirmish, and was forced to shoot one dead, to disengage a young man who was surrounded by three of them, and wounded in the cheek with a lance. On a gun's being fired over the heads of the assailants, though it startled them at first,, they soon recovered their surprise, and continued their hostilities ; but. as soon as they saw a man fall, were ter- ribly frightened, and fled with precipitation. Dampier very humanely adds, that he trespassed on the natives no farther, being very sorry for what had happened. Our voyager not being able either to find fresh water, or a harbour to careen his ship, set sail from this miser- able country about the beginning of September, 1699; and, directing his course to the island of Timor, arrived. 104 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. there September 15, and received a su|ipl)r of water and provisions from the chief of tire Dutch factory there. In his return he touched ajE;ain at Timor, and from thence sailed to Batavia;. where, having careened his ship, and supplied himself with necessaries of every kind, on the 17th of October, 1700, he set sail for the Cape of Good Hope ; from thence continuing his voyage to St. Helena, he arrived at that island January 31„ 1701 ; b^t, in his course home, his ship sprung a leak at sea, •ndi after endeavouung in vain to stop it, he was obliged to-run her &• ground on the island of Ascension; where, having landed his men, and taken from on-board all ne- cessary provisions, they in a ^ort time discovered a fine spring or water, and lived tolerably, till they were at last relieved by some English men-of-war, who were convoy- ing home the Canterbury Indiaman, and brought them all safe to England. In 1703, notwithstanding the bad success of the voyage just mentioned, Dampier was again employed in an ex- pedition to the South Sea, in conjunction with Captain. Pulling, who had each a ship of twenty-six guns, and 120. men. under, his command. That commanded by Captain. Dampier was called the St. George ; and that by Cap- tain Pulling, the Fame. They were victualled for nine months^ and had commissions from his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark, then lord-high-admirai, to proceed in a. warlike manner against the French and Spaniards;, and both were upon the same terms of no prizes.no pay. Bjit while intbe Downs, some difference having arisen between the two captains. Pulling set sail alone, and left Dampier to take his own course ; who,, stopping some time in. Ireland, was joined by the Cinque Ports galley of ninety tons, sixteen guns, and sixty-three men. Captain Charles Pickering commander. In this expedition, Dampier had three grand objects in view :. the first was, to sail to. Buenps Ayres, in order to sur- prise the Spanish galleons that usually take in.their lading at that port ; the si^cond depended on missing the first,, in which case they were to pass through the straits of Magellan to cruike upon the coasts of Peru, for the Bal- divia ships, that carry gold to Lima; and the third,^ if both the former miscarried, was to proceed to the coast of Mexico, to intercept the Manilla ship that an« I DAMPIER.— 1704. 105 hually arrives at Acapulc^, and h said to be worth eight or ni^e millions of pieces of tight, equal to a mil- lion and a half of our money. Full of these projects, they set sail from Kinsale, m Ireland, on the 11th of September, 1703, and, oti the 26th, arrived off Madeira, where they learned that the galleons were sailed from Buenos Ayres, and then lay at Teneriff. The first project being thus defeated, they proceeded to put the second in execution with all possible dispatch. On the 24th of November they anchored on the island Le Grand, on the coast of Brazil, where they buried Captain Pickering, and chose Lieutenant Stradling in hi* room. From this island they sailed the Bth of Decem- ber; and, doubling Cape Horn on the 2Cih of January, changed their direction, sailed to the northward and on the 10th of February came to ai» anchot- in the great bay of Juan Fernandez, where they met theh con- sort Captain Stradling, with whom they had parted in passing Cape Horn in a violent storm, which happened on the 26th of January. At Juan Fernandez they continued M'-iittinf; their ships till the 29th, when seeing a sail,, they slipl their cables and put to sea. She proved to be a French ship of 400 tons, thirty guns, and Aill of mem The St. George fought her about seven hours, when a gale spring- ing up she sheered off. On this occasion, tire Cinque Ports behaved but mdifferently, firing only a few guns, and lying bye. Next day, in returning to Juan Fernan- dez, they fell in with two French men-of-war, of.thirly- six guns each ; from whom they narrowly escaped, leav<- ing their cables, anchors, and five or sa ; of their men he- longing to the Cinque Ports on that iskad, with a new suit of sails, and several other necessaries which they could ill spare. They now proceeded upon their second enterprise ; but were ^'qually unfor^.uuate in that as in the former. The Baldivian ships were sailed, and the gold secured. They then meditated a surprise against the town of Santa Maria, in the gulph of Panama, where the Spaiiiards getting intelligence of their designs, laid am- buscades, and after killing and wounding several, put the rest to flight. In this manner, disappointment succeeding disap- pointment, diffisrences began . to arise between the coiu^ 106 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. manders; and they concluded to part company. Bit about this time, a large ship, fortunately tor them, com- ing to an anchor in the night close by, they instantly boarded and made prize of her. She was deeply laden with flour, sugar, brandy, wine, about thirty Ions of mal- nialade of quinces, a considerable quantity of salt, with some tons of linen and woolen-cloth. This proved a sea- sonable supply; and provisions that were before so scarce, that only five green plaintains were the daily allowance for six men, were now so abundant on-board the prize, that they might have laid in a stock for several ^ear& ; yet, in less than six months, we find them starving. ^ After searching the prize and dividing the spoil, the captains parted ; and, in two or three days, Dampier fell in with a Spanish man-of-war, fitted out on purpose to take him. The two ship» had a smart engagement, and parted in the night by consent. \ Soon after this engagement, Dampier and Clippingtou, his first lieutenant, having some difference, Clippiugton seized upon the ship's tender, in which were the stores and ammunition, and with twenty-one of the best men weighed anchor, and set sail. When he had cleared the islands, he sent to invite all ibose who were willing to sail with him to come on-board ; but Dampier's last pro- ject being now on the point of being carried into execu- tion, the men who remained with him resolved to abide the \i9^^* The master of this bark, Christian Martin by naoit}, vyyis a Spaniard by bii^th, but taken prisoner while a boy, and br^d up in England. This man they kept prisoner on-board ; and now proceeded to intercept the Manilla ship. On the 6lh of December in the mornings they saw a sail, and soon came up with her. She proved their last hope, the great Manilla ship, from the East-Indies. They instantly bore down upon her, and before she could bring her guns to bear, gave her several broadsides ; and, taking her unprepared, put the company on-board in the utmost disorder. Captain Martin, though a Spaniard^ advised to lay her aboard immediately, before the Spa- siards had recovered their surprise ; but that advice was disregarded till it was too late ; for, while two parties ittie quarrelling on-beard the St. George» the one for hying the ved a sea- ! so scarce, allowance the prize, eral ^ear&; [1 in with a ) take him. partied in lippingtou, Mippington i the stores le best men cleared the willing to *s last pro- nto exccu- ed to abide Martin by soner while they kept tercept the got out a tier of twenty-four pounders, every one of which that took place was ready to send the St. George to the' bottom. The assailants were therefore soon beaten off with disgrace, after having received a shot between wind-and-water in the powder-room, by which two feet of planking was driven in on each side the stern. And now, being disappointed of this their last expecta- tion, all the men grew discontented, and impatient to return home. However they were prevailed upon to cruise a few weeks longer on the coast of Mexico ; and with that view passed the ports of Acapuico, Port An- gels, Port Gnatulco, and several others ; but without meeting with any prize worth waiting for. Ill-succesji is generally succeeded by discontent ; the men who were before impatient of fatigue without reward,, ^rew now ungovernable. A party, therefore, formed the- (iesign of returning home by way of the East-Indies ; and these werr ncouraged by Mr. Funael, the chief-mate, who, having tne command of the small Spanish prize al- ready mentioned, determined to hazard every thing to regain his native country, rather than continue under the direction of a man with whom they could not agree. He therefore embraced the first opportunity to reach the giilph of Am-apalla, to new-water his bark, and prepare for his voyage home. It should seem that this voyage of Dampier, though countenanced with a government-commission, was not- withstanding fitted out by private adventurers; for, on this occasion, the owners' agent is said to have divided tiie provisiot>s and stores between those who chese to remain with Dampier, and those who determined to fol- low the fortune of Mr. Funnel. Their whole number was already reduced to sixty effective men, thkty-three of whom chose to accompany Funnel, and twenty-seven only remained with Dampier, but upon what terms they en- gaged, or what course they pursued afterwards, we are not told ; for Dampier, though he returned home, never published any account of this voyage. What we have related concerning it, in order to complete his adven* tares, as fai at our materials- extend', we have eitracted ' from the account publishedi by Funnel; who, having left Dampier inutile gulph of Anapalla, on the Istof Febru- 108 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. m ary, J705, takes no farther notice of his captain ; }wi I goes on with the story of his own voyage, which wfls.in' deed unfQrIunate enough; for his ship was seized by the Dutch at Ainboyna, the goods on -board confiscated, and most of the men cruelly used, being confined and half- starved by the Dutch, who were jealous lest they should make discoveries prejudicial to their commerce. Fun- nel himself, however, soon got released ; and, having made strong representations against the authors of his sufferings at Amboyna, at length obtained some shew of redress ; with which, though not a compensation for hifr. losses, he was forced to be contented. On the 2d of November he, with two of his company, got passage to Europe in the Dutch East-India fleet ; and, on the 15th of July following, arrived safe in the Texel, from whence,, after visiting the principal towns in Holland, he came to> England, and published the account just mentioned, in. which he followed ttie example of Dampier, by giving a description of the natural productions of the islands at which he touched, their inhabitants, arts, and commerce Mr. GOWLEY.— l68Sr-168«; \jT Cowley we can find no other account than, what is^^ contained in the voyage written by himself; therefore,, we shall, in his own words, preserve such parts of that voyage as have not already been related in the voyage of Dampier ; premising only, that his first setting out among the buccaneers was in the same prize in which Dampier set sail from Virginia, under the command of Captain. Cook ; that he continued to serve that commander, as master, during his life ; and that, after sailing sometime in consort with Captain Eaton in the South Seas, he- rhose rather to serve that gentleman than to continue with his own captaia's successor. One remark more, and then t4) proceed. We find him, in every collection of voyages in which he is introduced, distinguished by the appellation of Captain Cowky, t4iough the highest employment to which he ever seems to have arrived, was- master on-board the buccaneers. We in our ship, says. Cowley, towards the n^iddle of lain; but h was. in- ed by the *ated, and and half- ley should' ce. Fun- id, haying ors of his ae shew of ion for his« the 2d of passage to n the 16th m whence,. lie came to> itioned, in. ly giving a ) islands at commerce* COWLEY.— '1684. 109 in. what 'm- therefore,, rts of thai e voyage of out among ;h Dampier of Captain, nander, as g sometime h Seas, he- o continue nark more, f collection ^uished by he highest rrived, was^ middle of August, set sail from the gulpli of Miguel, in the bay of Amapaiia, steering for Cape St. Francisco, where we chaccd a ship that escaped from us; and then bore up to latitude 7 ^'^g. south, where, finding the country alarmed, we sijod for Payta, in latitude 5>deg. south, where we took two ships lying at anchor ; which the Spaniards refusing to ransom, we, byway of farewell, set them on fire. From hence we sailed to Gorgona, at which island we watered our ship for the East IndieSb This island lies in latitude 3 deg. 15 min. north, and in' longitude 305 deg. east, and as soon as we had supplied our • selves with w6od and water, took our departure, steering west-north-west, till we came as low almost as the rocks of St. Bartholomew, in longitude 240 deg. then sailed into latitude 15 deg. north, till judging we were past those rocks, returned into 13 deg. north, which latitude we held till we made the i^iland of Guam, in latitude 13 deg. north, and in longitude 150 deg. ea»t, according to our reckoning ; at which island, we had a very ^ckly ship, no man being free from the scurvy, and most of us in a weielk condition. !t was on the 14th of March, about seven in the morning, that we saw land. At twelve o'clock we were in latitude 13 deg. 2 min. north by observation, having made out on our sailing, by judgment, 7646niileS) that is to say, departed so many miles from Gorgona by loss made out i» longitude, which is about 2549 leagues. The i»ext d»y we sailed about the south-west part of the island, and came to an anchor in a fair bay, from whence we sent a boat on-shore, with a flag of truce ; but, on landing, our people found that the natives had burnt their houses, and had fled ; liowever, our men felled some cocoa-nut trees, and brought a hundred or two on-board to refresh the crew. In the mean time a party of Indians rushed from behind the bushes, and in a hostile manner threatened to attack us ; but we made signs of friendship, and one of the Indians returned to the wood, and having peeled a stick so as 'to make it appear white, he came forward, when one of his companions perceiving that he had no cap to compliment our people, called him back, and presented him with one for that purpose. From the 15th till the 17th, we continued a free trade with the Indians; but on that day oUr meu going over to a small island on the west sid^ of Guam^ 110 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. the Indians fell upon theib, with stones and lances, which occasioned a fray, in which some of the Indians were killed upon the spot. Two days after, the governor, who happened to be a Spaniard, came to a point of land near the ship, and sent a letter written in Spanish, French, and Dutch, demanding, in the name of the king, his mastejr, who we were, whither we were bound, and from whence we came? Our answer was written in French, that we were employed by some gentlemen in France, upon the discovery of the unknown parts of the world. On the return of the messenger, the governor sent a letre, with under a was an- he ship. ' captain }, in his , that, if nied the that the ish eap- elve the jvernor, (ranges, ur com- esented ririlities lin, our , whom er they tniards, for old netinte, een the lip, the f* it, to ot sUs* looic at IS with i their -»hore,f and thereby entangle both boat and crew ; but the sailors, discovering the plot, gave the Indians no time to carry it into execution; for, being provided with fire-arms, which they never went ashore without, they fired amoogst the thickest of the crowd, killed a great many, and drove the rest away. These Indians are large in stature, some being six feet and a half high; they go stark naked; never bury their dead, but let *' em lie in the sun to rot. They have no arms but slings and lances; the sharp ends of the latter are pointed with dead men's bones, which, being cut like scoops, and jagged at the edges like unto saws, if a man happens to be wounded by them, and is not cured in nine days, he certainly dies. Our people took four of these treacherous savages prisoners, bound them, and brought them on-board; but they had not been long among us, before three of them leapt into the sea, and, with their hands tied behind them, swam away like fishes. The Spanish governor's kindness increased in proportion to the mischief done to the Indians. He sent us, the succeeding day, by one of his captains, thirty hogs, some melons, pumpkins, potatoes, fruits, and rice ; and received in return six small patararoes. Having now new-rigged our ship, and supplied ourselves with wood and water, we began to prepare for our departure. On the 1st of April weighed anchor, and next day came a-breast of the fort, which we saluted with three guns, and were complimented with the same number; and on the 3d, the governor sent his last present to our captain. On the 4lh, set sail, and steered W. by S. till we arrived at the height of St. Bartholomew, then shaped our course W. N. W. till in the latitude of 20deg. i 30 niin. N. where we fell in with a cluster of islands, liying to the north of Luconia, distant from Guam 660 leagues. They seemed to be uninhabited ; but the men who went on-shore in the boat, found abundance of nut» megs on one of the clusters, and saw some goats. From these islands we steered S. W. for the island of Luconia, and, on the 25th oi' April, Cape Bajadore bore from us east; after which we came up with Cape Min« dato, where the S. W. monsoon overtaking us, we were obliged to bear away for Canton in China, wheie we lay and refitted our ship, and where we might have laden our- selves with plunds to an island containing plenty of great cattle; but the wind soon coming fair, we made sail to the southward, steering our course S. S. W. till in lat. 10 deg. N. where we were so entangled among the islands of Paragoa, that none ever expected to escape with life. After three days, however, wtf very providentially got clear; and stood in far an is^nd at the north-end of Borneo, where we hauled our ship on-shore, and erected a tent, planting a battery of ten guns for defence, in case of an attack from the* natives. Here, Unloading the ship, and, having provided sufficiently for our security, we ranged the country for natives to trade with us; but they, having never seen any white men before, proved very shy ; and when, by chance, our men fell in with one of their cairaes, full of women, among whom was the queen of the country and lier retinue; on the approach of our ship's boat, they all leaped over-board ; but, after taking them up, and treat- ing them kindly, they laid aside their fears, and grew fa- miliar; and, upon our offering them civility, instead of avoiding, tbey soon became fond of us. They brought fish in great plenty, with oranges, lemons, mangoes,, plantains, and pine-apples; and, besides these, we ex- changed some trifles for bezoar, musk, and civet,' with which the island is well stored. The year was now drawing to a close, when we set sail from this little island, steering a course for Timor, whei^, finding the ship's company begin to grow mutinous, and> not under command of the captain, myself, Mr. Hill,, COWL BY. — 1686. 113 and eighteen more, joined our forcei together, aad pur- chased a large boat, in which we sailed to the island of Java, distant from Timor 300 leagues. The wind being contrary for Batavia, we bore away for Cheribon, a fac- tory belonging to the Dutch, lying eastward of Batavia, where we were kindly received by the governor. There we heard that King Charles of England was dead, and that bis brother James was proclaimed king;, we heard also that Bantam had been taken from the English, and that the Dutch had erected a new factory in that island. After refreshing at Cheribon, we agreed to divide our twenty men into three parties ; two of which chose to sail for the bay of Bengal, and the third to stay with me; but knowing that Batavia was the Hollander's magazine for India, we proposed first to sail thither, and there to provide each for himself as well as he could. Having arrived, we were courteously received by the general ;« and I, with Mr. Hill and another friend^ all my party,, were promised our passage to Eurc^e in their East-India fleet. About this time the general was sending four or five ships of war, with soldiers, to procure satisfaction from the king of the island, for an outrage that had been' committed on a party of Hollanders, who, to the number of eighty, had been slaughtered by the Javanese. These ships, it seems, were originally designed against SillebaK, an English settlement on the west coast of Sumatra: but this act of hostility happening to intervene, it had diverted their purpose, and saved the factory for this time. There were now in Batavia twenty of us, who, on hearing this news, would willingly have repaired to Sille- bar; but the Dutch would by no means permit it, thougli. we had bought a sloop for that purpose. This project failing, Mr. Hill, another friend, and J,. embarked on-board the Solida Indiaman, bound to Holr land; and, when leaving the road, saw our ship. Captain John Eaton, coming in ; however, we held our course; but, finding the wind unfavourable, turned down to Ban- tam to take in provisions, and. thence steered to Prince's' Island, where we lay for a fair wind three weeks. About the end of March, set sail again with the wind at N. W. and shaped our course to the Cape of Good Hope. On the 11th of May, after a pleasant passage, made the land called Point Primicra, bearing N. W. distant 12. Icaguea.. 114 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. We bad the wiiid at N. E. being distant from tlie cape 660 miles, the land trending away S. W. by W. The fish which came about the ship near the island of r>lona, the SOtH'of March, left us now, when we judged ourselves in latitude 82 deg. 47 min. S. From the 16th of May to the 29th, we had sailed only ninety-six miles \ but observing neit day, found by the latitude that we had a very strong current, that had driven the ship to the southwara thirty- four miles farther than by the reckoning; for we thought we had'been in the latitude of 33 deg. 41 min. S. whereas we found ourselves in lat. 34 deg. 16 min. S. the course hav- ing been S. W. forty miles. I argued the reason with the chief-mate of the ship, and he told me it once happened in this place, that they lay-to with three main- sails, and the wind at W. S. W. three days; and when they took their observation, found their ship driven to windward 200 English miles; and likewise in lat. 36 deg. 37 min. it is said often find the same curious occurrenee. From hence to the 27th nothing remarkable happened ; but on that day the wind blew a furious storm from W. S. W. We lay-to with the main-sails, and found we were in lat. 30 deg. 2 min. S. coming in with the land ; and now the current went to the eastward, so that we began to fear losing our passage by the cape. The cap- tain, who had long been sick, was now judged to be past recovery, and in the middle of the night died : this occa- sioned a great deal of confusion; and, to add to our dif- ficulties, water began to fail, and we were reduced to a pint a day per man.. On the 1st of June again came in sight of land. It appeared like a round hill, fiat at top, and bore from us N. N. E. with a smaller hill to the eastward. Next day we were before the harbour of the cape, with the wind at north, and fine fair weather. On the 3d, at night, came to an anchor in the bay before the castle, in nine fathom water. This day four of the natives came down to the city, dancing naked, and offering their wives to the Hol- landers for little bits of tobacco. They were the filthiest men I ever saw. Next day my two friends and I walked at at the town, in which are about 100 houses, built very low, to save them from the boisterous gales of wind that blow here in the months of December, January, and February: but the Dutch have here a strong castle, with D. om the cape ►yW. The od of r>Xona, ed ours(>lves f May to the It observing ▼ery strong tvardthifty- ! thought we whereas we course hav- lon with the i happened n- sails, and they took > windward g. 37 min. ee. '■ '• ^ happened; * itorm from found we I the land; o that we The cap- to be past this occa- our dif- uced to a land. It i from us Next day e wind at i;ht, came le fathom n to the the Hoi. 1 filthiest walked ies, built i of wind ary, and tic, with COWLEY. — 1686. 115 eighty guns well mounted, and a spacious garden, with pleasant walks, and planted with almost every kind of fruit, flowers, and herbs. This is the greatest rarity that we saw at the cape. We walked, moreover, without the town to the village inhabited by Hottentots, so called by the Hollanders, who are the natives . of the country. These people are said to be born white,' but make them- selves black by anointing their bodies, and exposing their infants to the sun and smoke. Their houses, or huts, are built in a circular form, with the fire-place in the middle, round which they all lie in common, covered only with the skins of some beast, and without any other bed than the ashes of the wood on which they dress their meat. They eat any thing that is foul, and will gather from the dunghills the offal that is thrown out by the Dutch to feed their dogs. Their men are not at all jea- lous of foreigners; but will beat their wives unmercifully for adultery with their neighbours. When the women marry, they cut off ajoint of the middle-finger; and if the husband dies, and the widow marries again, she cuts off another joint; and so many men as they marry, so many joints of their fingers they lose. They are supposed to worship the moon, because at the full and change they assemble in great numbers, dancing and rejoicing when she shines, but howling and lamenting when they are deprived of her light. It happened while we were at the cape, that one of the Hottentots drank himself dead at the fort, of which hit countrymen getting intelligence, assembled about him, and with oil and milk endeavoured to recover the defunct; but, finding all their efforts vain, and that they could perceive no spark of life remaining, began to make pre- parations for his funeral, which was per^rmcd in the foW lowing manner. They first brought knives, and shaved him from head to foot ; then, digging a hole in the ground, carefully placed him in a sitting posture, with his body and head erect, and his legs and thighs stretched out horizontally, and pressed down straight ; this being per- formed, they propped him up in this attitude with stoaes; and then came a company of their women to howl over the body, who accompanied their lamentations with a hideous shrieking, as if death appeared before them in the shape of a monster, and was ready to devour them. 116 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. After their time of iDOurning was over, they tilled up the hole with earth, and covered it over with the green turf. We were now three ships in company, to sail for Europe, th^ Solida and Critsman, who came together from Ba- tavia, and the Emeland who came from Bengal. On Tuesday, the 16th, pursued our course to the N. W. and N. W. I>y W. till Tuesday the 29th, without any material incident intervening. On the 12th of July, CMne off the island of Ascension, and next day took a new departure from thence. On the 20th, found we were in lat. 13 deg. N. Wednesday the 22d, made the longitude from the cape 11 deg. 56 min. jtidging ourselves lo be in long. 35ft deg. 56 min. And now it was th»t I cut the same line which I did when I departed from Virginia in the year 1683, having encom- passed the globe; and cannot but note, that I iMive been farther southward than any man that 1 ever heard or read of before me, in this voyage; having,, as I have already said, reached as far as lat. 60 deg. 30 min. S. and so it happened, that, being bound to go north about Scot- land to make HtiUand, I passed about 60- deg. north, though I mention this as no extraordinary thing. We met with no particular occurrenee till the 2d of August, when our captain, after three days illness, died of a pain in his bowels. His chief steersman was made commander in his room; but, though his cause was warmly espoused by the men on a former occasion, yet it was not till after much op- position that they acquiesced in his present advancement. On Sunday, the 10th, when the weather began to clear up, I saw land, as did also two men more. I supposed it to be the island of Shetland ; but our captain wouLd not believe it; however, about six in the evening, the Crit&man's people saw land also. We came up with the isle of Farley by the 22d, steered on, and on the 25th had the wind all round the compass. Next day with the wind at E. S. £. we found ourselves in lat. 53 deg^ 35 min. N. and I judged us to be on the West*bank.. On Tuesday the 28th, came before the Maes, with the wind at £. N. E. When it was day saw the Brill Church, and came to an anchor in ten fathom water. Next day we entered the 'harbour at Helvoetsluys, after having been. &eyen months in our passage from Batavia. \ filled up the I green turf, for Europe, ^r from Ba- engal. On N. W. and ny material Ascension, te. On the Inesday the eg. 56 min. nin. And did when I ing encom- Iwve been ard or read ive already . and so it bout Scot' leg. north, . We met f August, >f a pain in mander in isedbythe r much op- ncement. in to clear supposed lin would ening, the ! up witb id on the t day witli t. 53 deg^ est* bank., with the I Churchy It day we nog beea '?A ■s. [ 117 ] CAPTAIN WOODES ROGERS.— 1708-11. - J. HERE are few voyages which have been undertaken with equal prudence, or for which such careful and am- ple preparations have been made, as for the following, which was in a great measure owing to the spirit of the gentlemen of Bristol, at whose expence, and for whose emolument, the undertaking was set on foot. The first care of the gentlemen concerned was, to make a proper choice of officers, in which they were extremely fortunate. Captain Woodes Rogers, who commanded in chief, was a bold, active, indefatigable officer; and was chosen by the proprietors for the peculiar art he had of maintaining his authority over the sailors, and his readiness in finding ut expedients in the most difficult conjunctures. Captain Stephen Courtney was a man of birth, fortune, and many amiable qualities, and had contributed largely to the ex- pence of the voyage. Mr. Thomas Dover, third in command, was also a proprietor: he was by profession a physician, and the same who afterwards made a consi- derable noise in the world, by recommending the use of crude mercury ; he was a man of a rough temper, and not easily pleased; but as he had not the chief commaAd^ this was of the less consequence. Mr. Edward Cooke, who had been twice taken by the French, was second captain to Mr. Courtney, and the chief pilot was Captain William Dampier, whose name was sufficiently terrible to the Spaniards in the South Seas. They sailed from King-road, Bristol, on the Isft of August, 1708, their force consisting of the Duke,a ship of 300 tons burthen, thirty guns, and 170 men,. commanded by Captain Woodes Rogers; and the Duchess, of 270 tons, twenty-six guns, and 151 men, under the command of Captain Stephen Courtney ; both ships having legal commissions from his Royal-highness Prince George of Denmark, lord-bigh-admiral of England, to cruize on the -coasts of Peru and Mexico, in the South Seas, against her majesty's enemies, the French and Spaniards; and to acl jointly, as belonging to the same owners, the merchants of Bristol. On the ^th of August, saw the Irish shore, and came t» 118 VOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD. an anchor in sight of Kinsale, where a pilot cnme on4)oard the Duke, and undertook to steer her int j« rove of Cork. Instead of which, on the morning t( *n^. 6th, while it was yet dark, and the weather foggy, hi w^^uld have carried her into a hay, to the westward of Cork, imfl not Captain Rogers, who happened to be well acquainted with the coast, prevented him, and brought her into the cove himself) where she came to an anchor the same day. While in this harbour, they took in a good quantity of provisions, and enlisted a number of seamen, in the room of about forty fellows, some of whom ran away, and others were discharged as unfit for the service. The compli- ment was now 333, among whom, above a third of the number were foreigners of various nations; there was one negro, and ten boys; and of the English and Irish a great many were tinkers, taylors, haymakers, pedlars, and ndlers. With this mixed crew they sailed from Cork on the 1st of September, in company with the Hastings man- of-war, which sailed with them till the 6th, when Captain Paul, who commanded her, supplied them with several necessaries, which they had omitted to bring with them, iior would he accept of any return; whereupon they gave him a letter to Alderman Batchelor, and the rest of the proprietors at Bristol. About six o'clock in the morning of the 10th, dis- covered a sail, to which they immediately gave clrase, and came up with her about three in the afternoon, when she bore down, shewing Swedish colours. They fired at her twice, after which sli% brought too ; they suspected, from some expressions uttered by two or three of her hands, whom they found drunk, that she had contraband goods on-board ; but finding, after a strict examination of the master and several of his men, that it would be difficult to prove her a prize, and being unwilling to lose time by carrying her into port, they let her depart without further detention. The master appeared to be very thankful that he- was detained so short a time, and, at his departure, presented Captain Rogers with some dried beef and two hams; in return for which he received a dozen bottles of redstreak cyder. She was a ship be- longing to Stadt, of 270 tons burthen, and t wenty-t wo guns, and had sailed round Scotland and Ireland. On her ROGERS.^1708. 119 leaving tbe Duke and Duchets, the saluted them with four gum. During the time tbe ship was in custody, a design had been privately formed ou- board the Duke, by four infe- rior olficers, to make a priae of her ; and when they found she was given up, they began to mutiuji; but Gyles Cash, the boatswain, being displaced, and, with ten others, put in irons, and a severe whipping given to some of the principal leaders of the disturbance, all was quiet again, and tnings began once more to move in their proper channel. A like inclination had appeared among the bands on-board the Duchess, but when those on-board the other ship were brought to obedience, it subsided. After this, however, they had some trouble with these mutineers. On the 14th of September, some of the ship's company, headed by a bold daring fellow, came up to Captain Rogers at the steerage-door, and demandea the dfscarded boatswain out of irons. The captain gave them good words, and having taken the ringleader aside, as if to speak privately with him on the quarter-deck, had him suddenly seized by the help of the officers, and lashed by one of bis own followers. The next day, he sent the boatswain in irons, on-board the Crown galley, of Bidde- ford, which had kept them company since the 6th inst. and left them on the 15th. On the 16th, the captain discharger! the prisoners out of irons, on their acknow- ledging their sorrow fur what was past, and promising better behaviour for the time to come. In the afternoon of the 17th, gained sight of the peak of Teneriff, and the next day took a Spanish bark of twenty- five tons, bound from Oratavia to Fuerteventura, with forty- iive passengers, men and women, on-board, a mone whom was a priest. On the 19th, bore away for Oratavia-road, and sent the master of the Spanish vessel on-shore, with the priest, to agree about her ransom ; and to get wine, provi- sions, and other necessaries for both ships. They were ac- companied by Mr. Carlton Vanburgb, who went on this errand contrary to the opinion and inclination of Captain Rogers. Soon afterwards, a boat came from the town, with a letter directed to the Captains Rogers and Courtney, ex- postulating with them for making prize of the barky and alleging that Mr. Vanburgb should be detained till sIm wa* 120 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. restored, to keep which nvas not only against a pfivntc ^'ontract entered into between Spain and England, rela- tive to the Canaries, but would be of the utmost detri- ment, as well to the trading subjects of both crowns, as to several English merchants residing on these islands ; Df whom a tenfold satisfaction would be exacted. This letter was signed by John Poulden, vice-consul, and three nierchants, Bernard Walsh, John Crosse, and George Fitzgerald. ' The captains agreed on answering this letter, to this effect; that in keeping the bark they acted up to their instructions ; that they knew nothing of any private ar tides in favour of the ships of these islands ; ttiat in case Mr. Vanburgh was not restored, they would carry away all the prisoners they had; and if they apprehended any detriment to the factory, they might ransom the baiit, and seek their redress in England. Tiiey desired dispatch, there being no time to lose; and said, that upon sending back Mr. Vanburgh, they would release their prisoners^ At length, after other letters had passed between them, Mr. Crosse, one of the English merchants, who had signed the abovementioned letters, came olf in a 1)oat on the ' 22d, bringing with him Mr. Vanburgh, together with five butts of wine, some hogs, grapes, and other things. Upon which the captains ordered the goods to be taken out of the prize, which they sold to Mr. Crosse for 450 dollars, and put the prisoneis onboard , but, at the re- quest of Mr. Vanburgh, whatever could be recovered of the effects belonging to any of them, were returned; particularly their crosses, reliques and books; and Cap- tain Rogers made a present of a cheese to the priest. On the 25th of September passed the tropic, wiicn about sixty of the crew, who had never been this course before, were ducked three times, by hoisting them up half-way the main-yard, with a rope to which they were made fast, and sousing them into the water: this dipping was of great service to some of them, as it cleansed thcns from the dirt and filth which they had contracted in the voyage. Those who chose to pay half-a-crown, to be spent in a merry-making among the ship's crew, on their return to England, were excused from this ceremony. Qn the 30th of September discovered St. Lucia, one of f ) ( D. St a pifi\iite igtand, rcla- tmost delri- 1 crowns, as ese islands; cted. This ul, and three and George etu-r, to this up to their y private ar* tliat in case I carry away eheiided any tin the bai1(, red dispatch, upon sending Mr prisoners^ itween them, 10 had signed 1)oat on the jgether witli other things, s to be taken rosse for 450 t, at the re- je recovered re returned; IS ; and Cap- le priest, ropic, when n this course ing them up ch they were tliis dipping eansed them ractcd in the crown, to be rew, on their is ceremony. lUcia, one oi' ROGKRS. — 170a. 121 iho Cape de Verd islands; and, about eleven o'clock^^ ai)ci:ored in the harbour of St. Vincent, where, as they knew the island to be uninhabited, and saw several men on-shore, Captain Cook went in the pinnace, to learn who they were; and found them to be Portuguese from the island of St. Antonio, come to catch turtle. On the 3d, it was determined to send Joseph Alexander, their linguist, with a respectful letter to the gover- nor of these islands, desiring leave to trade for refresh- ments, as being subjects of Great Britain, and allies of the crown of Portugal. During their stay, the linguist deserted. The deputy-governor, who was a negro, came on-board the Duke, and brought with him tobacco, brandy, hogs, fowls, oranges, limes, mu§k-melons, and water-melons; for which he was paid in prize-goods of small value. While they lay here to clean their ships, and take in wood and water, a committee was held on-board the Duchess, in which certain regulations were made relative to prizes and plunder, which were agreed to by all parties. Caie was also taken to prevent a too-common practice among the sailors, of selling their clothes to the negroes and na- tives of these islands, for brandv and other trifles. Tlioje are ten islands, only seven of which are inhabited: tiiese are St. Jago, St. Nicholas, Bonavista, St. Antonio, Brava, Mayo, and Fuego, which last is so called from its volcano; St. Nicholas and St. Jago are the most populous, the latter of wUk '\ is a bishop's see, and bears the same name with the islauu. Here is also a considerable town, said to contain upwards of 600 houses, the principal commodi- ties of which are tobacco, sugar, indigo, and goat-skins, from which the tine morocco-leather is made. Their" goats, which are fat and woU-tasted, yean once in four months> and have three or four kids at a time. The soil in tnis neighbourhood is but indiflferent, but the vallies produce corn and grapes. The ships set sail on the 8th of October, in the*even- ing, after having put the deputy-governor on-shore^ On the 22d, Mr. Page, second mate of the Duchess, be- ing ordered to a birth on-board the Duke, from whence Mr. Ballet was to remove on-board the Duchess, he (Page) refused to cliange his ship, and Captain Cook insisting that he should, he struck him ; but he was at « G ,«:*?'• 122 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. length brought on-board the Duke, and Captain Rogers condemned him to irons. Before the sentence was put execution, he desired to go to the head, when he in jumped overboard, and endeavoured to swim back to the Duchess, where, as the captains were both absent, he might have excited the men to muting' ; but the boat, which was along-side, followed and brought him back, when he was heartily lashed, and then confined in irons till the 29th^ when he was set at liberty, on promise of better behaviour. On the 14th, they came within sight of the land of Brazil, and on the lUth came to an anchor before the island of Grande, in eleven fathoms water. While they lay here, new quarrels arose, and things had certainly come to an extremity on-board the Duchess, if Captain Courtney hud not put eight of the ringleaders into irons, which fright- ened the rest, and, in all probability prevented an attempt to run away with the ship. On the 20th, Mr. Dampier and a lieutenant commanded two boats, which were sent to the watering-place, to see that it was clear of enemies; when they found a Portuguese boat, the people of which complained that they -had lately been robbed by the French. On this day four men, who had been observed to be very forward in mutinies, were put into irons; and, in the evening Captain Cook and Lieutenant Pope went to Angre de Rey s, a village about three leagues d ista n t, called by the Portuguese Nostra Senora de la Concep- tione, with a present of butter and cheese to ihe governor, and a request of his friendship. As they approached the shore the inhabitants, mistaking them for French, fired several times, but did no damage, and entreated their pardon as soon as they discovered their mistake. The governor being at the city called Rio de Janeiro, about twelve leagues distant, they were hospitably enter- tained by a friar, who informed them the French had lately plundered, and used them very ill. Several of the inhabitants came from the town on the 22d, with canoes laden with corn, fowls, limes, and other provisions, ivhich they exchanged for a few trifles: to these people the captain behaved with the utmost civility, aii'l promised a handsome reward to those who should secure any of the deserters from the ships. Ui( a Rogers was put when be ck to the bsent, he the boat, im back, I in irons remise of e land of the island \j lay here, orae to an irtney had ich fright- in attempt . Dampier were sent f enemies; e of which ed by the II observed ons; and, lant Pope les distant, a Concep- i governor, pproached }r French, entreated mistake, le Janeiro, ably enter- ?'rench had ireral of the vith canoes ions, wiiicli people the \ promised re any of i ROGERS. — 1708, 123 A Portuguese vessel coming to an anchor, near to ihe ships, onlhe 23d, laden with negroes, who were brought to work in the gold-mines up the country. Captain Rogers fitted out 'ind armed the pinnace, to go and en- quire whence she came ; to which the captain replied in a very satisfactory manner, and sent back some very fine sugar, and a pot of sweetmeats, as a present to the English captains. The Portuguese are extremely careful to conceal the roads leading to their mines, from all other nations; and they affirm, that the distance from the sea-ports to these sources of wealth is prodigiously great. It was not long before this, that some French bucca- neers, who put in here to water, seized above 1200 weight of gold in boats, the land-road being almost im- ]>assable, leading from Rio de Janeiro to the mines. Cap- tain Dover and Mr. Vanburgh, having been out to take their pleasure in the pinnace, on the 24th of this month, returned with a creature that stunk intolerably ; the skin of which was covered with fur, stuck full of quill;.? or prickles, like a hedge-hog, and its head resembled that of a monkey. Several Portuguese, and among them some Franciscan friars, who came alongside the ship, affirmed that the nauseous smell arose only from the skin, and that the flesh was very fine eating; but it was so verv oflensive, that none of the sailors could be prevailed upon to try it. On the 25th, two men deserted from the Duchess, and made their escape into tli-^ woods; but, 'in the night were so terrified by the nr-.e made by ba- boons and monkies, which they mistook «v.>r the howling of tygers, that they ran back and piung' -a rnto the water, hailing the ship, and praying to be talicn on-board again. On the same day, two Irish land-m^n £^ot away from the Duke, but were taken on-shore iwvv> days after\vards, while they were waiting for a Portuguese canoe to carry them to some other place ; and, being brought on-board. Captain Rogers ordered them to be severely whipped, and then put in irons. About four o 'clock in the morning, the f!i,y before t hese fellows were re-taken, the watch on the quart«r-deck 'fspied a canoe, and called to her to come ou-board, but the people not answering, and striv, igto get awry, caused o 2 124 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. a suspicion that tliey had either got deserters, or were going, by agreement, Ic fetch them off the island. On this, the pinnace and yawl were immediately dispatched after them: the pinnace coming up near the canoe, fired, to stop thera, but to no purpose; at length, one of the Indians, who rowed the canoe, was wounded; the person who owned and steered her was a friar, who had a quan- tity of gold which he had got in the mines, by confessing the ignorant people. This man ran the canoe on-shore, on a little island full of wood, just as his pursuers landed, and V IS attempting to make his escape, but a Portuguese, who had no gold to losej^alled him back. He was taken with the other prisoners on-board the ship, and civilly entertained by Captain Rogers; the poor Indian died in about two hours afterwards, and the friar wag in- consolable, threatening to seek redress either in England or Portugal for the death of his slave, and the loss of his gold, which possibly he had dropped in the bustle, or buried at the place where the canoe ran on-shore. Captains Rogers and Courtney, and some of the other officers, on the 27th of October, went in a boat to the town of Angre de Reys, to see a procession in honour of the Virgin Mary. The Portuguese governor, who treated them with the utmost politeness, requested that their music, which consisted of a hautboy and two trumpets, might be permitted to assist at divine service instead of an organ; which request was rear'ily complied with. When the service of the church was ended, the musicians, who were by this time half drunk, marched at the head of the procession, in which was carried lamps of incense, a host, and an image of the Virgin Mary, adorned with flowers, surrounded with wax-candles, borne on a bier by four men, and followed by the guardian of the convent, about forty priests and friars, the governor of the town. Captain Rogers, Captain Courtney, and the other officers of their company, every one of whom carried a wax-taper, through complaisance. Some junior priests, and the principal inhabitants of the place, every one with his consecrated candle, closed the procession. The ceremony ended, a genteel entertainment was provided for the English gentlemen, at the convent; and the governor, whose house was at three miles distance^ accommodatecl 1 1 }, or were iiid. On ispatched loe, fired, ne of the he person id a quan- :onfessing on-shore, rs landed, Drtuguese, was taken ind civilly idian died r was in- n England loss of his bustle, or ore. f the other oat to the honour of /ho treated that their trumpets, instead of >lied with, musicians, the head of incense, orned with •n a bier by e convent, the town, her oliicers wax-taper, s, and the le with his B ceremony ed for the ! governor, )mmodatcd ROGERS.— 1708. 12i r ^ the rest of the company at the guard-house, where twenty soldiers were stationed, under the command of a lieutenant and an ensign. The town of Angre de Reys consists of about sixty low houses, poorly built, ill-furnished, and covered with palmetto-leares; it has two churches, and a monastery of Franciscan friars, plainly furnished, but neat and decent. The friars possessed sopie black cattle, but did not chuse to sell any. Perhaps the mean appearance of the place might have been owing to their having secreted their best effects, as they had so lately been plundered by the French. The officers returning on-board, sent the boat back to the town for liquor, together with an invitation to the principal gentlemen of the place to return the visit on- board, with which they complied, and were extremely merry. When the liquor began to operate, they toasted the pope's health, and Captain Rogers in return gave the Archbishop of Canterbury, and William Penn the famous quaker, which they readily pledged. The island of Grande is remarkably high land, and about nine leagues long. It abounds with monkeys and other wild beasts; has plenty of timber and excellent water; and oranges, lemons, and guavas, grow wild in the woods. The rivers and bays abound with fish, amon^ which the shark is reckoned the most remarkable; it has three rows of teeth, a very rough skin, and the old ones, especially, taste very strong: they are ten feet long, and usually attended by a fish called the pilot-fish, which finds out prey for them, and whom, it is said, they never devour. The shark is a very heavy fish, and his mouth lying Vipder the head, he is obliged to turn on his back to catch his prey ; and, in this manner, he often catches hold of the limb of a man who is swimming, which he takes ofl^ at a bite; he is, however, soon sickened by play- ing with a line, though extremely strong under water. The pilot-fish is exceediiifrly like a mackerel when swim- ming in the water, and lool re kindled hips in the the ships, at anchor, of fighting hios were ordered tr> prepare for an engagement. Captain Dover returned on-board with the pinnace, about two o'clock in the morning, having been afraid to land, on seeing the fire on-shore. Next day, while still under apprehensions of an enemy, they stood in for the shore, from which blew such sudden and frequent gusts of wind, that they were forced to reef their top-sail, and stand by the masts, lest they should go by the board ; they now expected to find the enemy; but seeing all clear, and no ships either in that bay or in another to the northward, conjectured tiiat some ships had been there, but had departed on see- ing them. About noun, sent the yawl ashore, with Captain Dover, Mr. Fry, and six men well armed ; but as they did not speedily return. Captain Rogers sent his pinnace, well manned, to enquire into the occasion of their stay ; for he began to fear that the Spaniards might have a garrison there, and had made them prisoners. They therefore put out a signal for the yawl, and the Duchess shewed a French ensign. The boats returned towards evening, and brought with them abundance of cray-fish, and a man clothed in goat's-skins, who appeared wilder than the goats themselves. This man had been on the island four years and four months, having been left there by Captain Straddling, commander of a vessel called the Cinque Ports, of which this person, whose name was Alexander Selkirk, had been master. Captain Dampier, who had been at that time on-board Captain Straddling's ship, informed Captain Rogers that Selkirk was the best sailor on-board her ; whereon he was immediately made mate of the Duke. It was he who had,made the fire the last night, when he saw the ship, which he imagined to ht English. During his abode on the island, he had seen several ships pass by, but only two came to an an- chor; on which, he went to reconnoitre, and finding them to be Spaniards, retired, and escaped, notwithstanding they shot at him. Had they been French, he would have submitted, but he chose rather to run the risk of dying alone on the island, than fall into the hands of the Spa- niards ; apprehending that they would either make him a slave in the mines or murder him ; as he could by no means suppose they would spare any stranger, who was . so well acquainted with the south seas. Tliese Spaniards 128 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. had landed before he knew what they were ; and they came so near that it was with great ditiiculty he escaped, for after they had fired, they pursued him to the woods, where he climbed to the top of a tree, at the foot of which some, who were searching for him, killed several goats within his sight ; but at length departed without discovering him. • Mr. Selkirk said he was a native of Largo, in the county of Fife, in Scotland, and bred a sailor from his youth. That the reason of his being left on the is- land, was a difference between him and his captain, which, together with the ship's being leaky, made him at first willing to stay there, rather than go with him ; and that afterwards, when he altered his mind, and would gladly have gone on-board, the captain would not receive him. He had been at this island before to wood and water, at which time their vessel was chased thence by two French ships, leaving two of the crew on the island ; but, after they had been there six months, the ship re- turned and took them off. He had his clothes and bed- ding with him, also a firelock, a little^ powder, some bul- lets, and tobacco ; a hatchet, a kettle, a knife, a bible, some books of practical divinity, and his mathematical instruments and books. He diverted and provided for himself as well as he could, but for the first eight months he was extremely melancholy, and could hardly support the terror of being alone in such a desolate place. He built two huts with pimento-trees, covered them with long grass, and lined them with the skins of goats, which he killed with his gun, as he wanted, so long as his pow- der, which was but'a pound, lasted. He procured fire, by rubbing two sticks of pimento-wood upon his knee. In the smaller hut, which was at some distance from the other, he dressed his victuals ; and in the larger he slept, and employed himself in reading, singing psalms, and praying ; so that he said he was a better christian, while in this solitude, than he was before, or than, he feared, he ever should be again. When first left alqne, he eat nothing, till constrained to it by mere hunger, which arose partly from the want of bread and salt, and partly from the excess of his grief; nor did he go to bed, till he was able to keep awake no longer. The pimento-wood, which burnt very clear, servecf li i I ROGERS.— 1709. 12t ,t iiim botli for fire and candle, and refreshed him witii its' fragrant smell. He could have procured fish enough, but would not eat them, for want of salt, because they occa- sioned a looseness, except -a sort of cray-fisb, which were extremely good, and as large as our lobsters. These he sometimes broiled, and at other times boiled, as he also did the goat's flesh, and made very good broth, for the taste of it is much more pleasant than that of the goats of England and Wales. He kept an account of five hun- dred of these animals which he had killed, and as many more which he caught ; and, having marked them on the ear, let them go again. When his powder was gone, he took them by out-running them ; for his way of living, and his continual exercise of walking and running, had so cleared his body of all gross humours, that he ran with wonderful swiftness through the woods, and up the rocks and hills ; as the people belonging to the ships perceived, when they employed him to catch goats for them ; they had a bull-dog which they sent, with several of their nimblest runners, to assist him in catching goats; but he distanced and tired both men and dog, matching the goats and bringing them on his back. He told them that his agility in pursuing a goat had once like to have cost him his life; he pursued it with so much eagerness, that he caught hold of it oh the bcink of a precipice, of which h« was. not aware, as the bushes concealed it from his sight y so that he fell with the goat down the precipice, a pro- digious height, and was so stunned and bruised with the fall, that be lay there, insensib'e, as he imagined; about twenty-four hours, and when he came to his senses, he found the goat dead under hinh He was so hurt tliathe was hardly able to crawl to his hut, which was about a mile distant, nor was he able to go abroad again in less than ten days. He came at length to relish his meat'well enough without salt or bread, and found plenty of good turnips, which had been sowed there by Captain Dani- pier*9 men, and had now overspread some acres of ground. He had plenty of good cabbage from the trees, and seasoned his meat with the fruit of pimento-trees, commonly called Jamaica pepper. He found also^'a black pepper, called malageta, which was vei-y good to expel wind, and pre- vent a griping in the bowtis. He soon wore out his shoes v\s well as his clothes by running in the woods, and aJk g5 130 VOYAGES RODNH THE WORLD. \ IciK^tli his feet became so hard, that he ran every where without difficulty; and it was some time after he was found before he could wear slioes again, for not being used to any so long, hi&feet swelled when he came first to put them on. After he had conquered his melanciioly, he diverted himself sometimes with cutting his name on the trees, together with the time of his being left, and continuance there. He was at first much pestered with rats, which had bred ia ji^reat numbers, from some wiiich had got on shore fron» siiips, which put in there for wood and water. The rats gnawed his feet and clothes while he slept, so that he was obliged to cherish some cats, which had also bred from some that liad got ashore from difierent ships;, these he fed with goat's flesh, by which many of them became so tame, that they would lie alK)ut him in hun- dreds, and soon delivered him from the rats. He like« wise tamed some kids; and, to divert himself, would fre- quently sing and dance with thcni and his cats; so that by the favour of Providence, and the vigour of youth,, he being now only thirty yi'ars of age, he at length was en- abled to conquer all the inconveniences of his solitude, and became extremely easy. When his clothes were worn out li*^ made a coat and a cap of goat's skin sewed toge- ther witli little thongs of the same, which he cut with his knife. He had no other needle but a nail, and when his knife was worn out he made others as well as he could of some iron-hoops that were left ashore, which he beat straight and thin and ground upon stones. Having some linen cloth, he cut out some shirts, which he sowed with the worsted of his old stockings, pulled out on purpose,^ using an old nail to make holes, instead of a needle, and Ibe had his last shirt on when he was found. At first going on-board,. he seemed much rejoiced, but had so far forgot his native language for want of use, that he could not speak plainly, only dropping a few words of English now and then, and without much connection; but in two or three days he began to talk, and then told them that his silence was involuntary. For that having been so long on the island, without any person with whom to converse, he had forgot the use of his tongue. A dram was oflV^red him, but he would not taste it, having drank nothing but water for so long a time, and it was a good while before )RtD. ^ ran every where ime after he was n, for not being 1 he came first to loly, he diverted iiie on the trees, and continuance with rats, which which had got on r wood and water, vhile he slept, so ts, which had also m different ships j ich many of them about him in hun- le rats. He hke- himself, would fre- l his cats ; so that /igeur of youth,.he I at length was en- ces of his solitude, i clothes were worn 's skin sewed toge- ich he cut with his nail, and when his well as he could of re, which he beat nes. Having some hich he sowed with ;d out on purpose,- ad of a needle, and md. At first going at had so far forgot that he could not >rds of English now ion.; but in two or told them that his ring been so long on loni to converse, he A dram was offered drank nothing but good while before Selkirk found on the Island of Juan Fernandez. '- ' ^ -..--. . ' 'Vffil • ... V Mjmfi^ ^^^'^^'>^ ,' ' ' . ■ 9 ^mj^^^^ i^H^BHsH^^^^^^^^^H 1 ^w w "■ ^-^L \^ f Jt ^m u -n .-# Xi - uKi^^Hwfi having buried only two men at the island of Juan Fernandez. On the 24th of the month, crossed the tropic of Capricorn, when they saw several tropical birds, among which were the boobies, which are about the size of amagpye ; the eyes large, the back red, and th^ tail consisting only of one feather, about eighteen inches in length ; the feathers are black and white on the top of the back and wings, and white underneath : they are sup- posed to live on fish ; they fly high, and are scarce ever seen biit near the tropics. On the 3d of March, when the weather was extremely hot, saw several pieces of wood, and some trees floating on the water, together with abundance of weeds, about which were seen a considerable nuinber of sea-larks, some of which Captain Cook shot, as he did a boobie almost white, and a seal, which immediately sunk ; a large sun- fish coming near the boat, they struck it with the fisgig, but it got ofl^. They also saw several flying-fish, which are long and slender, having a very large eye, and a body which in shape and colour resembles that of a mullet. They sometimes fly near the length of a musket-shot be- fore they touch the water, and then, wetting their wings, rise up again t their enemies, the dolphins, chasing them and swimming after them with such swiftness, that they frequently catch them on their falling into the water ; and sometimes the flying-fish drop into ships. On the 4th of March every man was put to-^an allow- ance of three pints ofwaterperday, that the stock might hold out, they being determined to keep at sea, in tiie ROGERS. -1700. 1^3 hope of taking some prize from Lima or elsewhere. Ac- cording to their hopes, on the evening of the 15th, they saw a sail, and the Duchess being nearest, soon took her. She was a little vessel, of sixteen tons, from Payta, bound to Cheripe, to take in flour, with a small sum of money on'board to purchase it. The master's name was Antonio Heliagos, a Mestizo, that is, one begotten be- tween an Indian and a Spaniard : the crew, which con- sisted of eight men, were a Spaniard, a negro, and six Indians. They said that all the French ships, being se- ven in number, were sailed out of those seas six months before, and that no more were to come there ; adding, that the Spaniards had such an atitipatby to the French, that at Calao, the sea-port of Lima, tliey quarrelled so frequently, and kHled so many, that none were suf- fered to go on-shore for some time before tliey sailed thence. The prisoners likewise said, there had been no enemies in those parts since Captain Dampier had been there four years before ; and that Captain Straddling's ship, the Cinque Ports, who was Dampier's consort, foundered on the coast of Barbacom, where he and about six or seven of his men were saved, but being taken in their boat, had been kept prisoners at Lima ever since, where they had fared much worse than poor Selkirk, whom they had left on-shore at Juan Fernandez. When they had manned the prize with English sailors, they hauled off close on a wind for Lobos, having shot within it; and had not the crew of the prize informed them bet- ter« they might have endangered their ships by running in farther, as there are shoals between the island and the main. On the 17th, anchored between the two islands of Lo- bos de la Mar, together with the prize, which on the day following they prepared to fit out as a cruiser, under the command of Mr. Stratton, giving her the name of the Beginning. On the 20th, being manned with thirty-two men, and stocked with provisions, she put to sea with the Duchess ; and, on the 20th, brought in a prize which they had taken in company ; her burden was fllty tons, and she was laden with timber, cocoa-nuts, and tobacco, which last article was distributed among the crews of the Duke and Duchess^ Having cleaned and refitted the last prize. 134 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLIT. they made Mr. Selkirk master, and removed the siek of both ships ' on-board her, under the care of a surgeon. The two largest of these islands, called Lobos de la Mar, (to distinguish them from those called Lobos de la Tedha,) are about sixteen leagues from the continent, and six miles in length. The soil is a white clay, mixed with sand and rocks. They aiforxl no fresli water nor any thing green, and have no kind of wood. There area vast plenty of a kind of vultures, or carrion-crows, which at a distance looked so like turkeys, that one of the ship's offi- cers blessed himself with the sight of them, thinking he should fare deliciously ; nay, so very eager was be to taste them, that he had not patience till the boat could put him ashore, but jumped into the water, with his gun in his hand, and getting near enough, let 6y at two of them; but,, when he came to take up his game, it stunk so intole- rably, that he was laughed at for his fruitless impatience by lib brother-officers. , On the islands are abundance of seals, and some sea^ lions ; the seals are much larger than those at Juan Fer- nandez, but the fur not so fine. They killed many to eat their livers, but one of the crew, a Spaniard, dying sud- denly after eating of them, the use of this sort of food was forbidden. The prisoners said that old seals were very unwholesome. The wind always blowing fresh over-land, brought an ug[(y noisome smell from the seals on-shore, which gave Captain Rogers a violent head-ach, and this smell was complained of by every body else on- board ; but no complaint of this kind had been made from the smell of those animals at Juan Fernandez. ^^,.^^^ The prisoners told them, it was expected that the wicbw of the late viceroy of Peru, with her family and riohes, would shortly embark for Acapulco, and stop at Pavtato refresh, or sail in sight, as customary, in one of the king's ships of thirty guns ; and that about eight months before, a ship with 200,000 pieces of eight onboard, besides a cargo of liquors and flour, had passed by Payta for Acapulco. They also said, they had left Signior Moret in a stout ship, with dry poods for Lima, recruiting at Payta, where he expected in a few days a French-built ship, belonging to the Spaniards, to come from Panama, richly laden, with a bishop on-board. Upon this advice ROCTERff.— 1709. 135 they agreed to spend as much time as possible cruising off Payta, without discovering themselves, for fear of hindering their other designs. On the 1st of April found the sea of the colour of blood, whicb, on inspection, appeared to be caused by the spawn of iish swimming on the surface of the water. On the 2d» Mr. Fry was sent in the pinnace after a ves' sel they diseovered; he soon look and brought her in, when she appeared to be the ship already mentioned^ commanded by Signior Morel and his brother; her burthen was 500 tons, and, besides her cargo, she had on*board fifty negroes, and many passengers- bound from Panama to Lima, with a fine stock of fresh . provisions; the command of this vessel was given to Lieutenant Fry ; and^the following day the Beginning took a prize of thirty-five tons burthen, bound from Guaquil to Chaucay;' by which vessel they learnt that the bishop already mentioned was still at Payta, but would soon pass the road in which they now wer6, in his way to Lima. On hearing this, the cruizers were sta- tioned in such a manner as seeifted to bid fair for short- ening his lordship's voyage. On the 7th, Mr. Vanburgh still continuing to behaTe 'm a very riotous and improper manner, was, in a full council of the officers of both ships, turned out of his- post, as a person unftt to be trusted. It was resolved in a committee, on the 12th of April, not to send the Be- ginning prize into Pavta, as had been agreed on, for fear of being diseovered ; but to attempt the town of Guiaquil ; the enterprize to be conducted by the three captains- Rogers, Courtney, and Dover; Rogers to command a company of seventy -one officers and sailors ; Courtney to* be at the head of seventy-three men ; and Dover to have seventy mfiriners under his command. Captain Dampie» to command the artillei^, with a reserve of twenty-twa men to act upon occasion; Captain Cook to command the Duehess with forty-two men; and Captain Fry the Duke, with forty men« They hauled in for Cape Blanco on the IStii, when » committee was held, in which it was agreed, that for the encouragement of officers and men, all bedding and clotlies, gold rings, buckles and buttons, liquors and pro> 136 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. visions, with all sorts of arnjs, except great guns for ships, shoald be allowed as plunder, to be equally divided be- tween ail the men on-board or on shore, according to their whole shares. Thit all wrought gold or silver cru- cifixes, watches found about the prisoners, or wearing- apparel of any kind, should also be plunder, except mo- ney, women's ear-rings, loose diamonds, pearls and pre- cious stones; and, iii case any thing was not sufficiently explained, a committee should, upou application being made for that purpose, meet after the expedition, and determine what further ought to be reputed plunder, without fraud 1o the owners, or prejudice to the officers and men. That ito persons should misinterpret this allow- ance,' so as to secure or conceal wrought or unwrought gold or silver, pearls, jewels, diamonds, or precious stones, not found about prisoners, or their wcaring-appareJ, which should be looked upon as a high misdemeanor and severely punished : that none should keep any plundejr, but deliver it to his officer publicly, and carry it to the place appointed for the deposit. I'hat in case any town, fort, or ship, were taken by storm, the encouragement agreed on at the island of St. Vincent should be allowed to each man, over and above the gratuity promised by the owners to those who signalized themselves. But if any party should be engaged with another of the enemy, and defeat them, then aUthe prisoners, and the arms and moveables about them, should be divided among them only who were in the actionr aH the plunder taken on bauch the prisoners, should lose all their shares of the plunder, and be severely punished otherwise; On the morning of the I5thj the French-built prize, which they had so long expected, appeared within sight near the snore ; and, as they had but little wind, the boat and pinnace rowed after and attacked her, but she re^ pulsed them, with the loss of two men, one of whom was Captain Rogers's brother, shot through the head, and three wounded ; the ships coming up, she struck to the ROGERS. — 1709. 137 Ducbess, after receiviug a shot or two. The men begged for quarter, which was readily promised. There were seventy blacks, and a considerable number oTpassengers on-board: the lading consisted of bale-goods; and there was a considerable quantity of pearls. The vessel was about 270 tons burthen, commanded by Don Joseph Arizabala, who informed them that the bishop and his attendants had been landed at Point St. Helena, and were gone by land to Guiaquil. On the 17th, all the men in- tended for the descent upon Guiaquil, to the number of 201, went onboard the barks, each having a ticket der livered to him, signifying what company he belonged to, and his particular station, which was thought necessary to prevent the men from straggling. As there were 300 prisoners in custody, and those to gUard them but little more than a third of that number, irons were sent on- board the Duke and the other vessels, in order to intimi- date the captives. Captains Fry and Cook, to whom were committed the care of the Duke and Duchess, were directed to keep out at sea for forty-eight hours, to prevent their being dis- covered by the enemy ; and afterwards to wait the event of the expedition at Punta Arena, off which place Cap- tain Rogers and his barks, together with Captain Court- ney, came to an anchor at ten o'clock at night; when taking to their boats, with about forty men, they made for Puna, an island covered with swamps, and over- run with mangroves, and in the morning came to. a grappling close under the land, out of sight of the look-out. At seven in the evening of the lOtli, the ships came to an anchor between St. Clara and Tumbez; the boats weigh- ing, rowed within half-a-mile of the town, and came to a grappling, disposing themselves, for fear of being dis- covered, in such a manner that they had the appearance of drift-timber upon the water. By break of day on the 20th, they got close up with the town, and secured all the canoes; and, notwithstanding an alarm was spread, by an Indian who escaped, they seized the governor of the town, and with him about twenty people, who assured them that the inhabitants of Guiaquil could have no inr formation of their being so near, those who had fled from Puna having taken refuge in the woods. In this town, 138 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. tlpey found a paper that had been sent from Ltnia, copies of which were also dispersed all along the coast, to give notice that Captain Dan^pier was again arrived in those seas; they were, however, convinced that they should be able to execute what they intended, before any forces could arrive from Lima to oppose their designs. On the morning of the 21st, the Beginning was sent a-head towards Punta Arena, on the island of Puna, for fear of an^ danger ; but she found there only an empty vessel riding close under the point: she proved to be a new Spanish bark, that had beeu sent to load salt; but the crew, on sight of the EngMsh, thought proper to abandon her. All apprehension& beins now totally re- moved, the boats and barks rowed for the town of Guia- quil, and at eleven saw a light in the town. On this tney rowed as easily as possible, till within a mile of it,, for fear ofa discovery, and then heard centinels call to one another, talk some time, and bid him bring fire. Finding they were discovered, they rowed over to the other side against the town, saw a fire made at the place where the centinels talked, and soon after many lights at the water- side, and all over the town; heard them ring the alarm-bell, fire several voUies, and saw them light a fire on the hill where the beacon was kept, to give the town notice that they were come up the river. rfhe boats came now to a grappling, and such a violent dispute arose among some of the chief officers, that they were heard on-shore, but the Spaniards, not understand- ing what they said, fetched an £nglishmau to the water- side, to interpret what they heard; but before he came the debate was at an end. A council was held in the stern of one of the boats, to resolve whether they shoiuld land immediately, or stay till day-break; and, as the officers differed in their opinions, it was agreed, since they did not know the ground, and the barks were not come up, which had near half the men and the artillery on-board, to stay till day-light, by which time it was hoped the barks would join them; therefore they fell a little way down the river to meet them, hearing several musket shots in their way, which they at first thought were fired by the Spaniards along the shore. At break of day, on the 22d, saw one of the barks at I nooERs. — 1709. 139 the barks at anchor close under the shore, within a Mile of the town ; a) flood descried the other coining up the river; tliey then rowed back to the bark, which had fired the mus- kets above-meutioned, at some fishermen who were pas- sing, and whom they made prisoners. When their forces were thus re-assembled, they held a council in the pin- nace, sailed up the river, and sent a flag of truce with the captain of the French-built ship, the governor of Puba, and another prisoner; then towed up the barks a-breast, and came to an anchor against the town. When the captain of the French-built ship came to the corregi* dor, or mayor of the town, he asked the number of Eng- lish, which the captain pretended to be greater than it really was. The cprregidor said they were bovs, and not men; to which the captain replied, he would find they were men; for they had fought him bravely in their open boat, though he had killed the brother of one of the cap- tains, and wounded and killed others : and» therefore, advised him to agree for the ransom of the town, foe though he had 3000 men, be would not be able to with- stand them. To this the corregidor replied, ** My horse- is ready." On the 23d they went up the river after some vessels, in the pinnace, six of which they took and brought to an anchor by the barks ; tliey al^o seized two new vessels, of about 400 tons each, and then went on-shore, with ^ flag-of-truce, and the governor came on-boardone of the prizes, to consult concerning the ranspm of the town and ships ; this they could not agree about, and he promised to return again at seven in the evening, but was not so good as his word. The boats now went up the river again, to search for more ships, but returned without finding any, but they took several canoes with some plate on-board. The centinels hailed a boat after midniebt^ which came ou-board with one gentleman, who said he was sent by the corregidor, with a present of two bags of flour, two sheep, and two hogs ready killed; also two* jars of brandy, and two of wine;, and to assure thenv that the governor would have been with them according to his appointment, but was prevented by the absence of one of the principal merchants concerned. He would, come ofi^ however in the morning by seven o'clock; and hoped they would do lum the justice to believe he was a, 140 VOYAOS8 ROUND THE WORLD. man of honour; for though he had been greatfy reinforced since he left them, he was determined to wait on tliem agreeable to his promise. The captains sent their com- pliments to the corregidor, and thanks for his present, and said, they were sorry they had nothing to send him by way of return ; but desired he might be told, they were surprised he had not kept his word, but depended that he would convince them of his beine a roan of honour, by meeting them at seven o'clock in the morning, or there should be a final end of the treaty. They waited with impatience till seven in the morning, when thev saw a flag of truce outboard one of the new ships, where they supposed the governor to be, and therefore manned their pinnace, and sent their linguist to give their promise, that if the corregidor would come on-board the prize, he should have full liberty to returii ; on which he came on-board with three other persons. The barks belonging to the two frigates were now ordered to go close under the shore, near the best part of the town, and every thing to be held in readiness for landing, in case they should not agree with the corregidor. The three captains at first demanded that 50,000 pieces of eight should be paid for the ransom of the town, the two new ships, and the six barks ; besides which, the go» vcmor was to oblige himself to purchase the goods and negroes, which were taken in the prizes, at certain sti- pulated prices, to be paid within nine days. The Spaniards agreed to the latter article, offering to leave two hostages H>r the performance of it, which were thought insufficient ; but they refused to give near the sum demanded for the town and ships, saying, they had men and arms sufficient to defend themselves. From this delay the captain suspected that they only wanted to gain time, and therefore informed them, that they could take the town, or seize the ships at pleasure ; that they looked on both the one and the other as much their own, as if already in their possession ; and if their de- mands were not instantly complied with, they would fire both town and ships before night. After some little con- sideration, the corregidor and his companions agreed to buy the cargoes, and to give hostages for 40,000 pieces of eight for the town, the two new ships, and the barks; but they declined signing this agreement till they ROGERS. — 1709. 141 had the consent of the principal persons of the town, which the corregidor undertook to procure in the space of an hour. About one in the afternoon the corregidor was put ou-shore in Captain Rogers's pinnace ; some of the men were for stopping him, because not long before, an Indian came off in a canoe, to know whether he had agreed with the English, as, in case he had not, his men were in readiness to begin the fight, and waited only for his orders; but the corregidor insisting that the detain- ing him would be contrary to the flag of truce, he was permitted to depart ; the three gentlemen, however, re- mained as hostages, at the request of the corregidor, who did not doubt but the agreement would soon be ra- tified. . -. When the time allotted for the answer was expired, a messenger came from the town to inform them, that they could raise but 30,000 pieces of eight, and he did not mention a single wor^ of trade. On this they sent their linguist and one prisoner with their final mes- sage, which was, that if in btflf-an-hour they did not send three more good hostages for the 40,000 pieces of eight agreed on, they would strike the flag of truce, land^ give no quarter, and fire the town and ships. In the mean time they saw the Spaniards quit the two new ships, and they immediately took possession of them. The messenger returned, and, in about half-an-hour, three men more came from the town, to the bank opposite the captain's barks, where they held out a white handkerchief, as if to treat further. They said that the resolution was to give 32,000 pieces of eight, and no more; to which the English replied they had done treating, and bid them retire immediately out of the reach of their shot, as they valued their lives. They now struck tiieir white flag, and let fly their martial colours. Captain Rogers ordered two guns, of about six hundred weight each, mounted on carriages, into the great launch, and filled their three boats with men in order to land ; he then went himself into a pinnace. Captain Courtney in another, and Captain Dover in the launch, the three boats carrying about seventy men. They towed the launch ashore ; the third lieutenant remained on-board the bark, with ten men, to play their guns into the town as they landed ; where the Spaniards, compared. \Hth their httle 142 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. army, made a formidable appearance. As soon as iliey landed, which was about four in the afternoon, the men fired on their knees, at the brink of the bank, and then loading, advanced, having called to their bark to forbear ^ridg lest they sliould hurt their own men. They pushed forward with such bravery, that the Spaniards fired but one volley, and retired back to their guns, -;vhere their horse drew up a second time ; while the English, still pressing on with the utmost intrepidity, came to the streets of the town, where they saw four guns pointed at them, before a spacious church ; but, as soon as they came in sight, the horse moved off with great preci- pitation. Captain Rogers now called out to his men to run and }eize the guns, he himself advancing with about ten men within pistol-shot of them ; at which boldness the enemy were so intimidated, that after one generpl dischargethey all fled, except the gunner, an Irishman, who kept his post till he received four wounds, of which he afterwards ^ied. Majiy more of the English now coming up, undef- the command of Captain Dover and Captaiii Courtney, Mr. Rogers remained to secure the post he had so bravely gained, and took possession of the church, where they made about twelve prisoners, while the rest marched to the other end of the town. From the time they landed, till their seizing the guns, and taking possession of the ohurch, was not more than half-an hour. Captain Dam- pier, with twenty-five men, was now posted at the guns, which he turned against the enemy, who soon fled from the town. By this time the rest of the English being landed, marched after Captain Courtney and Captain Dover. The men in general behaved with the utmost courage, but, as is generally the case with sailors, they were kept but little under command, after the first piece was fired ; but, after the attack, they forbore hard drink- ing, and kept properly together. Captain Rogers overtook Courtney and Dover at the other end of the town, where he left Courtney to keep guard at a church, and then returned to his first post, whilst Dampier and his men went to reinforce Dover and Courtney. They were in quiet possession of the town by sun-set, having met with no opposition after the enemy quitted the great church. They now made a pro- ROGERS. — 1709. 14d per disposition of their guards, and in the evening Cap- tain Rogers went on-board the bark, settled a watch, and then returned ashore to the church. Captain Dover now set fire to five or six houses which fronted the church, which burnt all night and the next day. The reason of burnins these was, that there was a hill near this quar- ter, and thick woods within a musket-shot of the church, whence the enemy were almost continually firing at him during the whole night, but without doing any damage: and the next day several small parties of horse and foot came down, but retired without making any attempt. Had the Spaniards been courageous, they might have done great mischief to Captain Dover, as his friends were not near enough to assist him ; for- the town being long, the whole of it could not be kept without dividing the men into parties at a considerable distance ; but his firing the houses did him great service, by covering the worst part of his quarters for that night ; and at day-break Captain Courtney relieved him, when they both quitted those quarters, as a place too much exposed to the enemy. An Indian, who had been taken prisoner, informed Rogers, that he knew of much money up tiie river in houses and bark-logs ; whereupon the Duchess's pinnace, with twenty-one men, commanded by Lieutenant Con- nely, were sent up the river. As they had found but little wealth in the town. Captain Rogers was for send- ing both the pinnaces to seize that which the Indian had spoken of; but the others would by no means consent to it, lest the enemy should engage them in the absence of their boats and people. The English now began, with iron-crows and other instruments, to break open the churches and all the store-houses, cellars, &c. but in this they had very little success, as scarce any thing was left in the town except fiour, beans, peas, and jairs of wine and brandy. These, however, they began to carry to the water-side, but as the weather was wet, hot, and unhealthy, the men were so fatigued, and became so weak, that they could not well work at this employment. Numbers of the people were for taking up the boarded floor of the church, to search for treasure among the dead ; but Captain Rogers absolutely forbad its being done, be- cause not long before their arrival, a pestilential disease 144 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. had carried off great numbers of people. They fDuiid only two of the enemy killed in the town, one of whoi)) ., was the Irish gunner above-mentioned; and made one/ ^ prisoner, who was wounded in the head; but on enquiry ,; they were told, that fifteen were killed and woundedf. Among the English only two were wounded. j, ,. On the 24th, the English colours were kept flying all day, on the towers of the church, where Captain Dover kept guard ; while Rogers and Courtney took care to have what they found mo^t useful conveyed to the water:;side. On this day the Governor of Puna, and another prisoner, were sent to the enemy, who were in the woods at about a league's distance, with proposals for ^ransoming the town. They returned in the evening, with an ambiguous answer, but desired to be sent back again the next morn- ing, in hopes to prevent the burning of the town. They had intelligenbe now that the enemy were coming down the hill ; on which an alarm was given, and part of the men being left with the guns. Captain Rogers marchect^ with the rest, and met Cnptain Courtney on the bridge^ retiring, who reported that the enemy were numerous and. well armed, at the north end of the town. Rogers desir- ing they might march against them, Courtney consented; whereupon they went forward with their whole force, which did not exceed seventy men; but, on their advanc- ing, the Spaniards retired into the woods, from whence they assailed them with firing shots, which the English returned at random; and the captains not agreeing about keeping possession of that end of the town, marched back, taking some of the most valuable effects, which they sent on-board the barks. About ten o'clock at night, the boat, which had been sent up the river, returned, having been absent about twenty-four hours. They had proceeded about seven leagues, and sixteen of the men had landed at six different places, the others taking care of the boat, having a swivel- gun to defend themselves. At one place they separated, and four of the men rambled so far into the woods in search of wealth, that after wandering about three hours, they could not find their way back to their companions, but they met them again afterwards, by mere accident, and got to the boat. They had, at different places, some skirmishes with the enemy; and, in particular, chased K00EK9.^-*IWk 14$ tliirty^fiTie oorseoien, \9^o were well srined, fttid Cfiittitig to aiisi»t the idiiabitiints of GiifBqfiil. They fet»n4 the"^ houses up tbe river iViU of women; at one ]^aice there were above a dozen well dressed and handsditoe, iitom whom they took seveitil gold chains and ear-i4ap;9f; but were in otner respects so dvil to them, that tht, were found in the church, where Captain Rogers also found the corregidor^f gold-keaded cane, and another with a silver head; for, among the Spaniards, none carry a cane but the chief officers ; and no person must use one with a silver, or gold head, who is under the degreeof aoaptahi. About one in the afternoon of the SfilAi of April, the 146 VOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD. prisoners returned with an offer of 30,000 pieces of eij^ht, as t^ ransom for the town, ships, and barks, to be paid within the space of twelve days ; which the captains did not approve, nor would they have waited so long for a much larger sum, as they had received undoubted iuteU ligence, that the Spaniards had sent an express to Lima, to hasten the succours expected thence. The captains, therefore, aereed upon sending this final answer; that the town shoulabe set on fire by three o'clock the next after- noon, if sufficient hostages were not immeijiately delivered for the payment of 30,000 pieces of eight within six days ; and that, in the interim, a cessation of arms should be granted. This day the enemy appeared thick in the woods; and, in the afternoon, an officer and nine men were engaged at the north end of the town, with a party of Spaniards, whom they drove into the woods. But following them too far, they were attacked by others, when one of the English was shot through the calf of th^ leg; and another, who was endeavounng to re-charge his piece, received a shot upon the middle of his pole* axe that hung by his side, which made an impression upon the irons, and bruised the flesh directly under it, but did no other material injurv. The person who was shot hi the leg, living irregularly, and drinking hard, fell into a fever, which cost him his life. TliCY laid this night in the church, keeping centineb round it, within a musket-shot of each other, with a charge to challenge each other every quarter of an hour: and every man to keep his arms and ammunition in the most exact order, and be ready to rise at the least alarm. A French* man, belonging to Captain Rogers' company, who, with some others, had been sent to strengthen Captain Courtney's quarters, standing sentry in the night, shot one of the sailors dead. This accident was occasioned by a strict order that had been given to shoot every per- son in the night, who did not answer on being challenged, which, as the challenge was given in French, the English sailor was not able to do. At two o'clock in the after- noon of the 20th, the prisoners returned from the enemy, with two horsemen, who informed them, their last pro* posal was agreed to ; and that the Governor of Puna, who had been very instrumental in bringing the affair to a conclusitn, together with an old gentleman on board one ROGITRS.— 1700; ^ 1^7 of the Uurks, w«re to remain as hostages for the pcrforiA- ance of it: but the ines.seiigers said, that if these gentle-' nten were not thougiit sutKcient security, tliey themselveB were willuig to reuiami prisotte«&; which was not insi&ted upiui, but they were permitted to return to the camp, to bring back the agreement signed. The two hostages lay this night at the English quarters, and the next morning were put on-board one of the siiips, while the English retired fVoni the city with drums beat- ing and colours flying, leaving the Spaniards at full liberty to return to their houses. Captain Rogers, who, with a few nien, brought up the rear, picked up nmny cutlasses, pole-axes, and pistols, which the men, who were grown quite weary of a military life, dropped through laziness as they marched. Their greatest (litKculty was in getting the guns down t<» the water-side, the ground being soft; the men who helped to carry them sunk to the deptb of half a leg. To remedy, a« uiuich as possible, this incon- venience, tiiey contrived a frame of bam boo-c^.nes, under which six men could stand, and bear an equal weight on their shoulders. Though they were large four-pounders, the gun and frame not exceeding IdOO weight, yet they would not liave been able to have performed their work if the prisoners had not assisted. As Captain Rogers was marching out of the town, he missed one John Gabriel, a Dutchman, whom he appre- hended was either killed or made prisoner: but the fellow had taken Ai[t his quarters in a certain house where th^^re wan some excellent brandy; of which he drank so freely, that, at last, it laid him on the floor, and in this condition he was when Captain Rogers and his men left the town. A little while afterwards, the master of the house re- turned, and found the Dutchman stretched at Iiis full length, and so drunk that it was ditlicult to distinguish whether he was dead or asleep. The Spaniard, however, I determined to make the experiment: but iirst of all called [in his neighbours, who advised him to secure the Dutch- umn's arms, which being done without any ditficulty, they [then raised him up and sat him on his feet, when, after a little tottering, he opened his eyes, and began to stare about him, not being very well satisfied to find himself [awake in such company. His landlord, however, soon set 'lis heart at rest, by restoring him his arms, and advisins H 2 149 VOYAGES HOUND THB. WORLF. him to make all theJbaste he could to join his coyspuiioBs, who were not yet embarked. There needed not much entreaty to set the Dutchman forward; he moved with ail imaginable alacrity, and soon got safe on-boaid. Cap-' tain, Rogers informs us this was tlie only rfan who hsHJl drank to an extraordinary degree, since their first enter- ing the town. The plunder they took, exclusive of the ransom received for the town, was very considerable; •being about 230 bags of flour, beaus, peas, and rice; fif- teen jars of oil; 160 jars of other liquors; some cordage> iron-ware, and small nails; about four half-jars of pow- der, about a ton of pitch and tar, a parcel of cloathing and necessaries; about 1200/. in plate, ear-iings. Sec. ; 150 bales of dry goods; four guns; about 200 or*- dinary Spanish arms and musket-barrels; a few packs of indigo, cocoa, and annatto, with about a ton of loaf" sugar. They left abundance of goods in the town^ be» sides liquors of most sort&, and sea-stores, with several warehouses fiU of cocoa; several ships on the stoek^» and two new ships unrigged^ lying at anchor. The hostages informed them, that» duriug the treaty, 80,000 pieces of eight, of the king's money, were se»t out of the towji, besides their plate, jewels, and etther things of the greatest value ; from which it appcars,^ that if fbty had .landed lat firsts and allowed the enemy no time, they had been much greater gaiaers than they were; and, m that case, they wejre welliissured they migbt have made to tbe value of 20iO,4000 pieces of eight ii» moncgp, plaia^ and jewels;^ and yet the place was then poorer than it had been for fovty years past, liaving been almost burnt down about a year and a half before^ which had <»cca- sioned a very great expence in the re»building. Guiaquil, the metropolis of a province of that name in Peru* is in length about a mile and a half, and divided into two parts, called the Old and New Town, which are joined by a bridge, about half-a-niile long, for the use only of foot-passengers. On each ude of the bridge arc some houses at a distance; and the number of houses in both towns amount to abov«'%00; the inhabitants are about 2000. Some of the houses were lofty b^ick-buiidings,. but the m^rity of timber or bamboos split» and many were de- cently lurnished. In the ineriohants' stoveliouses were t^?^t ROOBBS.— 1700. 1^ gftiit qimttdtiet of meal, br»nd^, ivigta, cloatliiitg, cord- age and iron. Settle of theiDhabitants liad ealabb^» which coiild be biit of little use, unless to carry them a stonet tbrow to church, for the ground is so boggy, especially in winter, that no road could be made fot them. This morass-ground was full of large toads, some of them a» hi" as -an English two-penny loaf. The town is governed by^a corregidof, who is the chief magistrate, and ap- pointed by the king. It is well situated for trade and ship-building, lying seven leagues from Puna '^nd four- teen from Punta Arena, upon a large rivei^'^hich re- ceives many small ones that fall into it; this river has many villages and form-houses on its banks, on which grow abundance of mangroves, and sarsaparilla, which, impi^Mting its waters, are said to render them effica- cious against diseases. But when the floods came down from the mountains, the water is reckoned unwholesome, on account of its bringing down several poisonous plants and fruits, among which is the machanilla, a kind of poi- sonous apple, which kills all birds that taste of it; and the English, while they were there, saw hundreds of them dead upon the water. Captain Rogers took his leave of the barks a mile be- low the town; with the pinnace double-manned, design- ing to get before them to the ships at Punta Arena. The day proved excessive hot, and they saw many alligators in the river. On the following day, which was the 28th of April, Captain Rogers reached Puna, where he met Mr. Duck, and Mr. Hatley, in the Beginning, with an empty bark they had taken; the Spaniards having gone on-shore, and left her at anchor off Punta Arena. The people left behind were much concerned at the delay of their companions, and the scarcity of water was so great that for some time past the prisoners had been allowed but a pint a-day. They had also been obliged to sink a small prize which they had ttdken, to prevent the prison- ers running away with her, as. they could not spare hands sufficient for manning her securely. Captain Rogers got onoboard by day-light, and found his people heartily rejoiced at his return, after an absence of twelve days, on, an expedition subject to so many dangers and difiiQulties, all which he had happily sur- wountc-d, T)^ yeutenants Cook and Fry had, during 160 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. this time, been under great uneasiness on account of the prisoners, to whom they allowed their liberty in the day- time, but at night were simt up in the forecastle, or be- tween decks. On-board the prize, wliich was not so se- cure, they pirt them in irons every evening, and set them free in the morning; but never allowed any correspon- dence between the prisoners in the several ships, by which mc^ns theyAvere ignorant of their own strength, and the weakness of their masters. A vesse* .coming in sight about three in the afternoon of the 2flK^7of April, Captain Cook dispatched the Havre de Grace's boat, well-manned, in pursuit, and she imme- diately surrendered. She proved to be a bark of thirty tons burthen, laden with beans, peas, quinces, marmalade, plumbs, apples, oranges, pomegranates, Guiaquil sheep, ^70 sacks of flour, 200 sugar- loaves, and some dried beef. Siie had six men on-board, besides the master; had been out seven days from Pulania, where they had left son^c stout French ships; and orders had been lately receiyed from Lima, directing them to keep a good look-out, as an English, squadron was soon expected in those seas, but that it was not known against what particular place they were bound. They waited with impatience from this time to the 2d of May, in expectation o^' the ransom for the town of Guiaquil, and they now began to think that the corregi- dor meant to parley with them till forces should arrive from Lima ; and the hostages expected no better fate than to be carried prisoners to England. They were in some degree relieved from these uneasy reflections, by the ar- rival of a boat in the eveniR^g, with 22,000 pieces of eight, in part payment; upon which many of tiie in-isoners were put on-shore, and a message to'the corregidor sent back by the same boat, informing him they intended to iiai! the following day, and would carry the hostages away with them, if the remainder of the money was not sent before their departure. In a short time after this, Cap- tain Courtney took charge of the Havre de Grace, and fell down with her to Punta Arena, to which place Cap- tain Rogers agreed to follow him the next morning, wait- ing only to take on-board some hogs, sheep, black cattle, plantains, cocoas, water, sails, and other necessary mat- ters, which were still on-shore. Before his departure! he ROGERS. — 1709 161 put on-shore the G .' ernor of Puna, who was one of the nostages, making hira several presents. A boat came on the next day, with 3000 dollars more, and the persons who brought it declared the remainder, and also 1200 dollars to trade for goods, should soon come. Biit Cap- tain Courtney bein^ q( opinion this was only a pretence for detaining them, till a squadron of ships could be fitted out at Lima, insisted they should immediately quit this station, in which he was seconded by a majority of the officers, on which they resolved to make all possible dis- patch. The Beginning being small, and of no farther use, they sold her to the Spaniards for about the value of fifty pounds sterling, which was paid in gold-chains, pearls, &c. and they put the- prisoners on-board ; but kept the pilots, together with a person who could speak English, the president of Panama's son, and three remaining hostages. They now bore away for the Gallapagos islands, with a strong gale at south-south-west ; and, discovering land on the 17th, by day-break next morning were within four leagues of two large islands, nearly joined together. Having first agreed where to meet in case of separation, they now sent their boat on-shnre twice in search of water, but she reiturned with a melancholy account that none was to be found, and that the, island' \\«s nothing but loose earth, very rotten and heavy, which broke 'like cin- ders under their feet; the ground was so parched that it would not bear the weight of a man, which induced Cap- tain Hogers to believe it had been a volcano, though, he says, there was some greens and shrubs upon it. The Duchess having caught a considerable quantity of turtle and other fish, distributed it on the 21st, among the sick of both ships, which, as their provisions were nearly ex- hausted, proved of the utmost service. Buttheir present unhappiness was not a little increased, by finding the medicines begin to run short, while the sick dropped oft" apace; it was observed that none died, except those who were on-shore at Guiaquil. * On the 22d, Mr. Hatley, with five men on-board one of the prize barks, having water on-board for only two days, together with a galleon, another of the prize-ships, were missing: nor was there any sign of their returning, though lights were kept at the top-mast-head of the Dnke and IftS VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD, Ductless all night, und ^uns eoiitinually tired. Captain Rogers with the Duke, the Havre de Grace, and the bark, went directly in search of them, and came up with the galleon in a few hours, near the easternmost island : but cuald obtain no intelligence of Matley, whom fbey began to give up for lost. It was agreed in 9 council of ofttej-s on the 20th, to stand over to the main in aear([;b ol'.wat,«r, which could not be found on any of the islands. On ibe 0th of June, a discourse was overheard by ome of 4he sailots, between the Indian*and black prisoners, who pro- posed to murder the English, and run away witb tlie ship. On being charged with it, they denied having de- aigbed any such thing ; but acknowledged they had bad some conversation of the kind, without* however, an^r serious intentions; to prevent any evil conseguemces that mlgbt arise from these cabals^ Captain Rogers divided them amone the other ships. On this day the Duchess, after a short chace, took a . vessel of ninety tons burthen, named the St. Thomas del Villa Nova, Juan Navarro N^varet commander^ bcxund from Pslnama to Ouiaquil. There w^re on^ board about forty passengers, among whom was Don Juan Cardosa, g^oiiig to take upon him the command of Baldivia, c^ which place he had been appointed governor. On the 7th, they anchored about a cable's length from the shore, on the east-side of the island of Gorgona, and on the 8th, the boats of the Duke and Duchess seized a bark of fif- teen tons burthen, called the Golden Sun, with ten Spa- niards and Indians on-board, together with a few negroes. Site bad no cargo except a sniall quantity of gold-dust, and a large gold chain, with which they were going to Guiaquil, to purchase salt and brandy. On the 9tli in the evening, a council of all the officers, except Captain Rogers, who was indisposed, was held on-ooard the Duchess, wherein, after the prisoners had been examined, it was resolved, from the accounts given of its situation and advantages, to steer for the island of Malaga, where they designed to leave their ships in a safe road, and theu row up the river in their boats, till enabled to surprise ome oanoes, with which they might more effectually stem the tides of the river. In these canoes they were to pro- ceed to the golden ntitie^ of Barbacore, or Juan, where they expected to find a considerable booty, the Spaniards ^Oi&ETlS.— 1709. i5n fh tiiiil n^igMo^rtiodd having no kindof inteHigen^e that an eiif niv ^vas so near. -' As Captain Rbgers had previously agreed to yield his assent to whatever shonld be determined on, they made sail f<^r Mahlga about twelve o'clock the same night ; but when acquainted with the result of their deliberations, he detiermintd to dtsconrsvi with MV. Morell, and some otiier of tiKe pfi^oiiers, of whose khowledge respectint; the plac-e eftbeit deS^lSntttiiMi hH was well ad&uried. These irifothied iAm, that whoever adVisiid tbe council to those measures now intended to be pursued, either designed to ruin tViein, or were totally unacquainted with the affair ; for the island of Malilga Was not only unfrequented and barren, imt the toad extrteAielV nfttrbw and fbll )of shoals ; that if the ships got over, which «MliId only be effected at spring- tides, there was the utmost danger of their being run ashore. They likewise said, the banks of the river all the i^ay up to St. Juan Were well inhabited, by a race of people strongly attached t6 the Spaniards, who would take all possible methods to annc^ an enemy, particularly by their poisoned arrows, from the coveH of the woods ; and t^at the channel was so narrow, that by felling trees across, they might effectually prevent the retreat of in- vaders, and cut them to pieces. The captain was so strongly tttfected wi^h this infor- mation, and saw the danger to which they were about to expose themselves in so cledr a light, that h^ imiiiediately sent for the Capta iris Courtney and Cook, and ac- quainting them with What he bad heard, they immedi^ atcfly changed their course, in order to return t* Gorgoiia, where it was determined %d careen, and fit up the Hayre- de-^Graee, as a twenty-guu-sliip, to be eomuiahded by Captaia Cook, and mamFi^ ont of the Duke and Ducfaess, to act as a third consort. Coming to slnchor on( the ISth of June, near the shore of Gorgona, in forty fathoVns water, and having held a committee, the Duchess was appointed to careen, and the Duke to lie on-gtrard, lest they should be surprised by an enemy. The latter was also careened as soon as the former was turned out, so that in about a fortnight they were again in prime order for sailing, to the great astonishment of the Spaniards, who declared that the same operation on one of the king's ships, at Lima, usually took up six weeks, though they H 1S4 VOYAOB8 ROUND TUB WORLD. had all kinds of necessaries, and artificers ready to giye their i8si«tance. The business which chiefly engaged them from the 29th of June to the 9th of July, was fitting out the Havre de Grace, which being completely finished, they gave her the name of the Marquis. A good entertainment being provided, they saluted each of the other ships with three huizas from on-board her, distributed liquor among the company, drank the healths of her majesty and their owners, and to their own joint success. There were sent on-board her two of the main-deck-guns of the Duke, and two of the Duchess, which, with four taken at Guiaquil, and twelve already in her, made twenty good ones, the carriages all new, or so well repaired as to be as strong and good as if mounted in England. Her compliment of men was sixty-one, besides twenty negroes ; the captain, officers, and men, were to be allowed the same wages as those in the other ships. The next thing of importance appeared to be getting rid of the prisoners, who began to be a great burthen, and were of no use. In a com- mittee held on the 9th, it was agreed that Captain Dover, Mr. Fry, and Mr. Stratton, with forty-five sailors under their command, should have the care of transporting them to the continent, which was immediately put in practice. The two Morells, Don Antonio, and Don Juan Cardosa, were dismissed among the rest, and at their de- parture appeared to be highly satisfied with the treat- ment they had met with; and the latter, in particular, was very ready to acknowledge this, as he had been once very ill-used by a Jamaica privateer, which he had follen in with not far from Porto Bello. On the 18th, a negro, who had been bit by a speckled make, died in less than twelve hours, notwithstanding the utmost exertion of the surgeon's skill to save his life. There are great abundance of these snakes on Gorgona, some of which are three or four yards long, and as thick as a man's leg. They are of an amphibious nature, and one havine on the same day conveyed himself on-board the ship, by the help of the cable, was killed upon the forecastle by the men. t u^ On the 20th and 21st, two canoes came on-board to trade, bringing with them money, limes, fowls, and other provisions. Next day, five of the negroes belonging to 'is Jf^ moGBvs. — ^1700. idd the ship hid themseWes in the woods, with m riew of de sorting to the Spaniards, as soon as th«>ir masters had left the station ; but, one being retaken the same day was severely punished; and three more being forced by" hun- ger to quit their asylum, were taken two days afterwards. On the 27th, the two Morells came on-board again, with what mone^ they could raise, and told tiie captains, the country being much alarmed, it was with great difficulty they had obtained leave to come to them ; that the Go- vernor of Barbacore, with 200 men, was at the water-side, to prevent trading, and to hinder their landing; and all the coast lined with men assembled for the same pur|K>se. A committee was held on-board the Duke, in which it was agreed to distribute rewards to those who had most distinguished themselves: when Mr. James Stratton was allowMl forty rupees: William Davis, and Derrick Der- rickson, had twenty rupees. each; (a rupee is about the value of half-a-crown) the boat* s crew that engaged the Marquis, when taken, had two bales of baize, one of serges, and one of linen, to be told by them, when and where they should think proper; and to each of the men who went up the river beyond Guiaquil, a suit of clothes was given. These rewards, over and above the respec- tive share of each man, were given to encourage them to behave gallantly for the future ; but, notwithstanding the generosity shewn by the commanders on this occa- sion, a dangerous mutiny was set on foot a few days, afterwards, which might have proved of a very fatal coii- sequence, had it not been discovered by the steward of the Duchess. He accidently overheard the ringleaders; holding a council on the manner in which they slH:)i||id proceed ; above sixty had signed articles, by which they i^outid themselves to stand by one another tiH they had obtained what they called justice, with respect to the pluifder, which they imagined had not beea fairly distri- buted. Four of the principal promoters of this destruc- tive scheme, among whotn was the person who had drawn up the articles, were immediately seeured in irons; but, upon expressing their sorrow fbr'the crime, asking pardon, and promising to behave better for the future were soon afterwards set at liberty. The captains thought it most prudent ta proceed in a mild manner; for to have punished a few with great severity, when sq. V > l^ili o^-l?W(^ t^ Pucj^^ AP the «M» oC A^gw*t, tbey bvmp4 ^l^f^fW^s )3^ ^n^t^ never tp p^K^ifoppuny wbile lilierQ wai a po^ibi^ of kq^pipi \figpi\^j^ On Ijbip 7Ul it wa9 Riereea tqi gWe 92> tp Mesif«* Mpi^eU «n(| (^avmte their jrj^itpective shipf* and sucjp gocdt «#« were QC^ woith' ci|rryM>g away, togeiher wUh 9oiiie ^egroe^, w)U^ wai doE^e, accordingly. ' Witl^r^^d to the effef^s ia the barlf, they i|gr«|^4 w'lih M- Nft^anre W 195*000 piccee Qf eic^L which* wi^ SiQlK^ ,^s|| TitiWNIied f«ir (be lan- 90001 pf G^\4q«il, >^ ^in ^ bf^ Ui' t^in Jit Mimla withio tw^elvf d^ys* Qui^i^ Cool^ w>fi valued the lafmey apd p^t^ oii-bofrda ^r th^ Ufci^oC the owaefs^ at 2p,000(. ^d th^ foods i|t #0»OOCi^« Among the pnsoneci p^i-hoard NfivaB^'i thipy n^ire aeiYfonMrnm, whp, lit tbiQir depart^Ie,.^Qk9(9Wiedg«d the «ivitity with whlc^ thity ha4 b^en iv^t«d, which* thuyywd^ hadnmeh f x^e<|^ w^ th^ ^f ^ ^ctidd hi^te. v^oeuwd Irom their couotrvine^ pn ^ # iviUmt owiwwpi. The islandpjf Qoirgpii«%sia9deg*nar|h latitude i^ it i9 three Icj^gne^ in ^nsth^.^ying, nofth^/fftst and sQUth* we»|, yt^y wprpw, «nd a^hiHli ui( le«gi|9l i^m the oonti'^ neot., It is fuU : pjT w>o^ Pn4 t^U titeei , one of which» ^aUed PfliipatM^fl* if pr^' fi^r mastffi and from thii tree mma a ha|#^ efl^i^f^ipmi pn «ev#riA diseases. The island* al^ a dlj^tancf^ WP^M^ (IN thrive litMe bills ; and along IM norMl-sidi^tihiBire isfidvig/orships; but in some plapes, fon) grpjw^ apd ^li^o^lf m^r the shore. Sowe ot the Dttke> people o«^g^ hnre m ngly^reature, supposed to heoif the monhey kind; it* In ftvmP. degree, resembled one of those animus, pidy ^iih hnir thicker and longer; it| fape, eyeii, and nos^ >^ei?^ less^ i^d more wrinkled and deformed ; its ears were not so large» its teeth longer and sharper; its hinder parts more clumpy ; its body thicker in propprtipn ; its tail very iiliort ; besides, instead of five clangs, like fingers, whiph n nionk^.y has« this animal has only jtbre^ on epu^jli paw, which are sharper and longer. On letting this animal lopsn at.the lower, part of the misen ihrouds, it was two hoWi in netting to the nttist-head^ 1 tr-.T5*i;! ftOGBRS. — 1700. 157 wiiicii a iiioiik«y would hav« pcrfornied in less tfiiih lliilf A miBUte. It walked an equal and slow pace, a» if all its jpiovements bad been directed hj clockwork. The Spfa- nliu^dtwilh great propriety call it a Sl^th, ^nd say it fbedi OB the leaves of a certain lofty tree, wliich wheh it Ns cleared, before it can get down, walk to, and climb tmo. tber, it becomes lean, and is almost starved. ' Their business at Gorgona being finished, they sailed thence on the 17th of August, and, on the lOth, Captal^ Rogers proposed to send the Marquis to Brazil, to dispose oiber cargo of prize^goods, and get fresh provisions, while the Dake and Duchess should continue in their pre- sent latitude, in expectation of the Manilla ship; but his pni^«sal was rejected hy the majority. On the 12tb found tbemselv^ oaly thirteen leagues off Gorgomi, bepiin^ south and by cast. On the 18th, the Duchess took a bark of seventy tons burthen^ bound from Panama loliaa; she had nothing vahiable on* board, but twenty- font negroes^ from whom l^ey learnt that the whole fOlul was alamed with their being in the South Seas, and th^ ever since their taking of Ouiaquil, the inhabitanli were in the utmost apprehensions of a visit. The two barks first entered the bay of Tecames on iht fMlth of August, and the oonsoft ships anchored n^r then in a few hours aifterwards. It was at this place that Sir. Fxmncis Drake took tha vahiable plate-prize in ldT5. Just as it grew dark, MnWbfte, the Knguist, having veoftiued ashore without orders, witii a Spanish prisoner, had Uke to hi^w suffered for his rashness; for landing Of^posite some houses^ several Indians attacked them from an ambuscade, with fire-arms, bows, arrows, and ^noes^ though they oallod out in Spanish, and said they were friends. They had the happiness however to escape |;«ing shot, hading themselves all night in the wood, while the pec^le on-board imagined they were either killed or taken prisoners; but, at break of day, they ven- tured to call again on the Indian, whom they prevailed on to trade, provided they could obtain the consent of dieir padre, who lived at six leagues distance. The liliguist informed them there was a padre on-board^ wboif th^ desired to tee; on which he was sent on-shore, am wrote a letter to the priest of the pkce, informing him how extremely well himself and the other Spanish prl- 15ft VOYA6BS BOUND THE WORLD. fonert were used, and earoestly Teconimendiiig a triid^. Through the mediation of this friar, they proiuised that they would trade with them the next day, ivhetlier the paaregave his consent or not: and the Indians tiavin^ accepted of a present of three images of saints, and a feathered cap, to be given to the wife of their chief, they washed 3ff the red paint with which they had daubed themselvips, and which, while they wear, is t > » :^ This ceremony being ended, each of the sftflo^," iti|)- ported by two of the savages, was led through a hai'row p«lb, of aboala quarter or a mile in length, to their huts, where Ihey were welcomed by the music of a ve^ry un- O0uth instrument, being ooly tw #«4 btve a gmatcrr mttem fer iburopcfan scis- 9aip, nails wi l^wves, than 1m silver or gold. Thvy use JKijws and ano^Dv* uid aie »uol| excellent marksmen, as to W pointed with a sharp taper flint. The women, Wfhose ^^tures are rather disagreeable, are employed in making ^sbing-lines, or in gathering grain, which they griiid upon 9 Atone. They were willing to assist the £ligUsl» in. flUing water, and would supply them with wjbatevier they could get: they were a very honest people, imd would not take the least thing without permissaon* (n the l^y of Puerto Seguro, there are great nr.mbers of albati^res, mullets, dolphins, bream, and other fish, ^hifil^ th# natives are extremely expert a| striking with wi^den iiistruments from their floats, which are made of jive pieces of w(^, and are moved with abort paddles. I'rQRi these floats they would often leap, and strike the ^sli, when near the bottom of the water. They also dive sind fetch up peari^sters from the rocks^ Some of the saifors informed Captain Rogers, tliey saw one of them dive with instruments, and while he was under water, put up hia striker, with a fish upon the point of it, wbieh was taken off by another, who attended his motions on a hark-log. This tlie captain was th» ratber induced to believe, because he himself had thrown some rusty knifes overboard on purpose to try the skill of these excellent divers; and they seldom missed catching the knife before it was more than three or four fathoms under water By thk time they all began to despair of taking the Manilla ship, it being a month beyond her usual time ot passing that way; till, on the 2lBt of December, about nine in the morning, the man at the mast-head cried out he saw a sail, at the distance of seven leagues; but, as they had little wind, did not come up with her till tlie next day, when Captain Rogers, having no spkituons liquors on-board, ordered a large kettle of chocolate to be made for the ship's company, and, after pri^^ers, be- gan the engagement, Tlie Duchess being ooi^sidetably 162 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. to leeward, the enemy tired her fttem-chtse fint> Which the Duke returned with her fore-chase; and then get- ting close on-board her, gave her several broadsides, at the same time plying their small arms very briskly, which the Spaniards for a while returned, and then struck her colours, just as the Duchess had come up, and fired five guns, and a volley of small shot, Tliey then sent the pinnace on-board the enemy, and brought the captain, with the officers, away; having examined them, found that a larger sliip had come out of Manilla at the same time, but she being a better sailer, had parted company three mouths before. The Spaniards in this engagement lost nine men, and had several wounded. On the part of the English, one man was wounded, besides Captain Rogers, who received a shot through the left cheek, which carried away a great part of his upper jaw, and several of his teeth, some of which dropped on the deck where he fell. This prize was called Nuestra Senora de la Incarnation, commanded m Sir John Pichberty, a gallant Frenchman; and the pri- soners said that the cargo In India amounted to 2,000,000 of dollars, she carried 103 men, and mounted twenty guns. On Christmas-day, the Duchess and Marquis went out of the harbour to cruize for the great Manilla ship; and, on the same day, two sentinels were posted on the top of a hill, from whence they had a good view of the sea, with instructions, that if they saw three sail of ships in the offing, they should wave their colours three times. On the 26th, in the afternoon, the centries made three wafts, on which they instantly put all the prisoners, amounting to 170, on-board the bark, without arms, rudder, sails, or a boat; and leaving twenty-two hands to guard them. Captain Rogers, who was still in a very weak condition, got under sail at seven in the evening, and continued the cbace all night and next day ; but having little wind, did not come up with them till the day after; and, as the other ships had engaged the enemy several times in the interim, the Marquis was by this time disabled. He, however, instantly engaged, an(l the at- tack was frequently renewed, till a chest of arms and cartouch-box took nre, and all the three ships were da- maged : when it was determined, considering the number ROG2R8.— 1710. lea of the enemy's men, and tlie force of the ship, to pursue her no fkrther. In this bloody engagement tlie Englisli lost many of their men, and Captain Rogers was again wounded, having the heel-bone of his left foot taken off by a splinter. Thus ended the fruitless attempt on XUU Jiirge ship; after which, they returned to tlfe harbour of Puerto-Seguro, spend iig some days in refitting. Hud tak- ing in wood and water. For some time past, they had been at short allowance of bread, but had the happiness to find such a quantity on-board the Manilla ship, which they had taken, as, with their former stock, they hoped would serve them in the long run which they intended to take across the Soutli Se». On the 1st of Xaiutary, the bark, with Captain Pichberty, the hostages, &c. being well supplied with a stock of provisions and water, sailed from Puerto-Seguro; and Pichberty, together with his officers and chaplain, acknowledged, with the utmost gratitude, the civility shewii them, in having ieill their books, cloatlies, and nistrumeUts restored. A few days afterwards, a committee of officers was held, in which the majority api^binted Captain Dover to the command of the prize, which was named the Bat- clielor frigate; but against this nomination, Captain Ro* gers, who had a very indifferent opinion of Mr. Dover's abilities as a sea-onicer, entered a solemn protest, which was also subscribed by the principal officers on- board the Duke. To prevent, however, the inconveiiiencies that might arise from heart-burnings, and the encou- ragement of dbputes among each other, a new committee was appointed to be held, wherehi it was determined, that Captain Dover should be considered as chief cap* tain on-board the prize, but without any power with re- gard to sailing, engaging, or other aft'airs immediately re- specting the ship ; the care of which was committed to Mr. Fry, and Mr. Strattoii; while Dover was to sec that nothing was done contrary tor the interest of the owners. It was now determined that, as their business in those seas was pretty well at an end, they should pre- pare to sail for the East-Indies. In case of separation, the place of rendezvous should be Guam, one of the La- drone islands. They weighed from the Port of Seguro on the 10th of Januaiy, but were becalmed under the shore till the l&l VOTA6BS BOUND TH« WORLD. 12tli in the alteriMon, When a breeze tpning up, #kieh ran them out of »ight of land. On the 10th of March, made the islailds of Serpttim and Guam, and anchored near the latter m twelve fcHMii water, the natives continually passing theih in tfaeif proM, with astonishing swiftness, but none woald,On any accmiAt, be prevailed upon to come on-board. As there was noW an absolute necessity for procuring a supply^ prcN^ sions to prevent them iirom starving, not having at the shortest allowance, bread and flour sufficient wr fenl^ teen days, they determined, if possible, to get s^nie of the inhabitants on-board, and detain them as hostages', in case they should be under the necessity of sending any of their people to the governor. In consequence <^ this resolution, they seized two Spaniards, who hailed them, and came on-board, on a supposition timt the Eng^ iish came from New Spain. They detained one of these by way of hostage, and sent two linguists ashore with the \ other, who carried a letter to the governor of the place, in which they demanded liberty to deal^ in a peaceable manner, for provisions and refreshments, for which they promised not only to pay immediately, but to behave m all other respects in a friendly mann^; and threatened, if the request was refused, they would act openlv as enemies, a proceeding which, however, they wished ra- ther to avoid. • -. On the llth> in the mor«ing, the Ditk^» piaHnce wa« sent on-shore with a flag of truce; aad the islanders be- haved with theutmost friendslnp to the crew, pr(»misiiig to supply them plentifully with provisions, provided the governor would give permission. About noon, a letter was brought on-lM>ard by the lingntsts, accompanied by three Spanish gentlemen, in which the governor obl%- iogly promised to accommodate them with whatever the island produced. A suitable answer to this obliging let- ter was immediately sent to his excellency, signed by all the captains, expressing their own thanks and those of the crews, for bis polite and friendly ofler. On the 13th, each ship was supplied with a bullock, beside? limes, oranges, cocoa-outs, and otlier fruits; and an entertain- ment provided on-board the Batcheior for sewral Or- nish gentlemen, at wJMch all the officers of Hie efeireral fbips were present, not exiceptmg Captmii Kogers^ who f fiOOBHt.«-1710. t0» ffiif lUMilile to fo oaJioard wilbout being hoisted u|> tnd doim ia m chair. In the moraing of the 16th, scvefml of thf officers went in the pinnace, to dine With tlie gover- nor mirshore, agreeable to invitation. On their Itnding, they were received by 200 men dra;wn up in order, while the deij^ and other principal people of the island at- tended to conduct them to the governor's house^ which, considering its situation, is a very noble building. They weie here treated with the utmost friendship and re- spect, treated with at least sixty different dishes^ and, when tbey departed, were saluted with a volley of small auns. In return fmr these civilities, they made the go* vemor a present of twenty yards of scarlet serge, six pieces of eambsie, and two ncgro^boys, dressed hi^ liveries. The. island A6f GkuMu is about forty leagure in circum- ference; the aachosingrfilace is om the west-side, and^ about the middle time is. a .large cove, with several houses, bttUtw lke< Spanislt fashion^ with accommoda* tioiis for the otfcers atwerew of the Aeapulco ship;,. the setUemeat hern having been made on puqpoae for that .ship to refresh, andti^e in necessarica. in her passage to Manilla.- On . this, and the neighbeuriag islands, are about 300 Spamaiday who have converted onst of the natives to the Roman .Catfaolie religion. There were at this time eight pviests, six of whom kept sii^ools, besidces performing their oiioea as clergymen. They had schools also taught by mahntoesand Indians, wifao had attained to a knowledge of the Spanish language, which isvunder-* stood by most of the natives* The ishindy which is full of hills, valliesy and streams of good water, piodnce? oranges, lemoas, citrons, muek^imlonSj and wi^r-mew loos, which w^re originally brought tlnther by the Spa- niords^ besides the bread-fruit, the cocoa-nut, and other fruity natural to the soil and dimale. Of the exotiosy sranges iu partknilor thvive very well. •The native Indlaos are strong and 4aU, and go naked, exover the Marquis ; but it was happily disperaJ by two shots from the Duchess. Soon afterwards the Marquis and the Batchelor received considerable damage in their rig^ng, by a violent storm, which lasted four or five days ; and these vessels being both but indilTerent sailers, were a considerable hindrance to the voyage, which was rendered very fatigueing to the crew of the Duke, who were continually obliged to ply their pumps, on account of a leak on-board, which, at present, they had no opportunity of stopping. Having coasted for several days along the ^igh-lands of New Guinea, they, on the 25th of May, made Bouton, to which island the Duke and Duchess immediately sent their pinnaces, which soon returned with plenty of cocoa-nuts, and re- ported the inhabitants, who spoke the Malayan tongue, were civil and hospitable. At this time, they endea- voured in vain to find ground proper to anchor in, though the Duke sounded with a line of eighty fathoms, and run her boitsprit almost on-shore. In the interim mooERs.— 1710. 167 the inhabitaiits camt off in csdocs, bnoging with them foirls, Indian corn, cocoa-nuts, pumpkins, &c. which thny exchanged for goodf with the sailors. Captain Rogers sent some of the officers in the yawl and pinnace to land, where the king and his nobility received them in a very hospitable manner, and promised they should be supplied with such necessaries as the place afforded. His majesty and all his attendants were bare-footed, and had no other covering than a cloth wrapped round the middle. After sounding for three or four days, as they cruized round the head-lands, they at length got anchoring* ground, in between thirty and forty fathoms water, and the Duke and Duchess came to their moorings. About this time, the Duke's boat, which had been sent on-shore, returned with some Malays in a canoe, who, by presents, had been prevailed upon to come on-board; but these people were of no use, there being no person on-board who could understand them; and Captain Dover, who had a linguist, refused to lend him^ notwithstanding the evident necessity of the case. Neither would the Ma- lays be prevailed upon to go on-board the Batchelor, she beiug in danger of running on the shoals, though Cap- tain Rogers treated them with sweetmeats; but, on their quitting the Duke, they made signs, pointing to the land which lay to the northward, which they called Bootoo. Captain Dampier having formerly been through the straits of Bouton, was examined respecting his knowledge of the place, but he seemed to remember very little of it. However, on the 29th of May, it was agreed to send him, together with Mr. Vanburgh, Mr. Connelly, and the lin- guist, by way of deputation to the king, desiring a sup- ply of provisions, for which they would very readily pay. His majesty received these gentlemen in a courteous manner, and seemed pleased with the samples shewn him of* such goods as they chose to exchange for provisions ; and was exceedingly delighted with a bishop's mitre, sent him as a present. The inhabitants now began to flock on-board, bringing fowls, Indian corn, and 0ocoa-nut8, to exchange with the English, but they demanded too high a price for them. On the 1st of June, Dampier returned from the town in the pinnace, bringing a mysterious account of the proceedings on-shore, and a small quantity of provisions. "^lill VOTAC^KS 110^ D til B WORLD. airk milA^ to the r; A» soon aa they «ere departed, the BavtiifiNMe liagaiet obbci to • dispose c^f some protisimis olfhis oiita{ butboani on the 7th» having parted with theiuag in a very friendiy manner; but he could not pa^ail upoii his majesty to furnisb them with a pilot to conduct them through the straits, at any rate. Ob Mr. ^ai^uiigli'sfcemtng ou-board the linguist wasimmediately dimiiasedv l!haiilaDd of Bouton is near thirty Icaguei in length, ROOBS8.— 1710. 109 and is situated in 6 deg. 20 min. south latitude. The inhabitants say, that all the adjacent islands are subject to their kine, who can raise 50,000 men. They are well- made peopk, of the middle size, have very indifferent features, and a dark-olive complexion. They speak the Malay language, and profess the Mahometan religion, of which, however, they know very little, except Uithing, abstaining from swine's flesh, and havins a number of wives. The only spice produced on this island is a few nutmegs; and the inhabitants are not afraid of the Dutch, against whom their poverty is a sufficient security. They weighed anchor from the island of Bouton on the 8th of June, and the next day came up with a vessel bound for Macassar, a Dutch settlement on the south part of Celebes. The master, who was a Malay, pro- mised to pilot them not only through the straits, but even to Batavia, for a small gratuity, provided it was kept secret from the Dutch; and the captain readily agreed to his demands, this being a happy incident in their favour, as thereby they avoided several dangerous shoals, the shunning of which properly is best kiiawn to the Holland traders. On the 17tli, hailed a^Dotch ship, of 600 tons, and fifty guns, by whom they were informed, that Prince George of Denmark was dead, and that the powers of Europe were still at war. On the 2dth, en- tered the road of Batavia, and came to an anchor in ablaut six-'fathom water, among upwards of thirty sail of ships. Two days afterwards the captains waited on the governor, who, having examined ana approved of their jcommission as private ships-of-war, promised v^hem all possible assistance, but was not over scrupulous in keep- ttig his word ; for it was a considerable time before they could obtain leave to careen their vessels; but, at length, on the 23d of July, they hove down upon Horn Island. They were obliged to buy provisions at most extravagant prices, and though having an audience with the governor was unnecessary on several occasions, th£y could never obtain it without bribing his guards and secretary, nor was it always that even this method was efficacious. Indeed, this is the case at almost all the Dutch settle- ments, where the chief people treat the captains of the English ships as enemies, while they receive them with all the Qutward appearance of friendshii^. I i"70 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. Horn Island Ning a very inconvenient place to careen at, the commanders petitioned the governor for leave to perform that business at Unherst, which is the place where the Dutch careen their vessels ; but this was a fa- vour they could not on any terms obtain, nor even the assistance of the Dutch carpenters; so that they were compelled to cniploy eight or ten Mala;^ carpenters. That the government might complete their oppressive measures, they absolutely forbad any of the people to purchase the Marquis, which the captains had agreed to sell; so that they were obliged to part with her to the first English bidder, who happened to be Captain Opey, of the Oiey frigaie, from London, who bought her at the low price of 575 Dutch dollars. During this stay at Ba- tavia, Captain Rogers, who recovered his health but very slowly, had a musket-shot cut cut of his cheek, which the surgeon had hitherto mistaken for a piece of his broken jaw, and had also several splinters extracted from his heel. Several of the men were here carried off by fluxes, which the water of this island is apt to occasion; and yet they took care to correct its ill qualities with a sufficient quantity of arrack and sugar, the last article of which they purchased at one pennyper pound, and the other at eight-pence the gallon. The officers and men having supplied themselves with such necessaries as they wanted, and a proper stock of provisions being laid in, they left Batavia on the 12th of October, and sailed for the Cape of Good Hope. On the 17tli, having taken in wood and water at Java Head, within Prince's Island, they proceeded on their voyage, and came to an anchor in the Cape harbour, on the 28th of December. The English saluted the Dutch fort with nine guns; which compliment was returned with seven. At this place they waited for the convoy of the Dutch fleet to Europe, till the beginning of April, and though Captain Rogers stroiigly 6pposed this delay, a majority of the committee of officer:; carried it against him. On the 5th of April, the Dutch admiral hoisted « blue flag, and loosed his fore-top-sail, as a signal to Anmoor; and the next day the whole fleet, consisting of sixteen Dutch and nine English ships, sailed with a fresh breeze at south-south-east. Captain Rogers re- inaiks, that during the whole voyage from the Cape to CLIPPERTON. — 1719. 171 Holland, the most eiact discipline was observed by the fleet, and the utmost respect paid to the admiral, though lie only commanded a trading-vessel, which had been to the EasMudies on the Dutch East-India company's account. This admiral is represented as a man of great abilities and good-nature, and particularly respectful to the English, frequently entertaining the captains on-board his own ship. On the 23d of July they arrived in the Texel, on which the Dutch fired all their guns, and the English compli- mented the admiral with several rounds of cannon. In the afternoon of the 24th, Captain Rogers went up to Amsterdam to buy provisions for the ship, and transact other necessary business. They sailed from the Texel on the 22d of September, and, on the 2d of October, 1711, came to the moorings in the Downs^ where some of their owners came on-board to congratulate them ou their safe arrival. CAPTAIN JOHN CLIPPERTON.— 1719-22. .BOUT the beginning of the year 171B, some English merchants, foreseeing it could not be long before there would be war between England and Spain, resolved to fit out two ships for the South Seas, in hopes they might make as successful a voyage as the Duke and Duchess, under the command of Captain Rogers. Two ships were accordingly provided, one called the Success, the other the Speedwell. The command of the former. was given to Captain Clipperton, who had been with Dampier; and Captain Slielvock, formerly lieutenant in the royal navy, was appointed to command the latter, having under him, as second captain, Mr. Simon Hatley, the same person whom Captain Woodes Rogers lost among the Gallapagos islands, and who was a prisoner among the Spaniards for a considerable time afterwards. The instructions the captains received were, to proceed immediately to Ply- mouth; and to sail thence with the first fair wind ror Cape Horn, or the straits of Magellan, and then, either to double the Cape, or pass through the straits, as should be most convenient. After this, to sail into the South I 2 klf^ VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. Aeas, cruise on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, and endeavour to meet the Acapulco ship. To be careful, above all things, not to sisparate from each othfer; to un- dertalce nothing of importance withoiit holding a council of officers, stating the question in writing that was to be debated, drawing up the resolution, with the reasons upon which it was grounded, in cokiciise termsj atid oblig- ing every officer present to sign it. They Were also to call a council in the same manner, as soon as possible, After any action had happened, or any prike of conse- quence taken, in which the codduct of the officers con- cerned might be ekaibihed, and a true judgment of it im- mediately passed, which was to be subscribed by the persons assisting at the council. At length, on tfeie ISth of February, 1719, they sailed from Plymouth li^th a fair wind, but the Whole stock of wine, braildy, and dili'er liquors, for the use of both ships, was still on-board the Speedwell; and how fatal a mis- lake it was not to divide it before this time will soon ap- pear. On the 15th, had squally weather with rain; in Ihe evening, unbent the best and small bowers in the Success, stowed their anchors, and found themselves often obliged to shorten sail for the Speedwell. Captain Shelvock came this day under the lee of the Success, and complained to Captain Clipperton of the crankness of his ship, which proceeded from having too much weight aloft; and, therefore, desired him to send for his wine and brandy, which would give him an opportunity of striking . down some of his guns into the holcl. This was not done, which, if it is a proof of Captain Clipperton's negligence, is also a proof he had no suspicion of Shelvdck's leaving him, and that, on his part, he had no intention to desert , the Spe'edwell. Between nine and ten o'clock at night, on the 19th, there arose a fresh breeze, so as to oblige both ships to . take in their top-sails. The gale increasing, the Success .niade a signal for the Speedwell to bring-to, which Shelvock readily obeyed, and by seven o'clock both ships were under bare poles, nor able to bear a rag of canvas during the night. On the 20th, about two in the afternoon, the storm abated, when Cii))perton made sail, steering south and by east, whereas Shelvock stood away to the north-west, so that from this day they never saw CUPPPRTON. — 1719. ITS each other till they met by accident in the South Seas. Here then properly begins the history of the former's, voyage round the world in the Success. The Canaries being the first place appointed for a ren- dezvous, he sailed thither with such expedition as to ar- rive on the 5th of March, and having taken on-board refreshments, continued, agreeable to his instructions, to cruise in that station for ten days, in hopes of seeing his consort. Being disappointed, he determined to continue his voyage, lest he should miss her at the next place of rendezvous, which was the Cape de Verd Islands, and accordingly left Gomeraon the 15th, in order to be early at his next station. On the 21st, in the evening, they saw St. Vincent, one of the Cape de Verds, and next morning anchored in the bay. They remained here ten days, in hopes of meeting their consort, but in vain, which so discouraged the crew, that Captain Clipperton found it no easy matter to engage them, to cpntinue the voyage. These islands, which the Dutch call the Salt Islands, from the great quantities of it foimd there, were discovered by the Por- tuguese in the year 1672. They are ten in number, viz. St. Jago, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, St. Antonio, St. Nicholas, Blanca, de Sal, Maio, de Fogo, and Bonavista. They extend from the Green Cape 160 leagues into the sea. Qn the 20th of May, found themselves in 52 deg. 15 mini south latitude, being off Cape Virgin Mary, the north point q£ the entrance af the Straits of Magellan; and Ihe next day entered the straits, and sailing up as far as Queen £li|ud»eth'8 Island, sent their pinnace on- shore to a fresh-^water river, which was at this time frozen up. On the 22d, anchored in a fine bay, which, from its depth, they called No-Bottom Bay: the trees on the shore of which were very high, and so loaded M'itii snow as to afford an astonishing prospect. A canoe came off on the 20th, with two men, a woman, and a boy; they were of a middle stature, and dark com- plexions; their faces round, their foreheads low, their hair black, straight, and shoj't; and they had no clothing, except a piece of skin about the waist. They had a re- markable fine streak, of a bright blue colour, round. their wrists; and the men were so extremely jealous, that they could by no means be prevailed on to let the women go 174 VOYAOfiS ROUND THE WORLD. on-bndrci. They brought wild geese and ducks, which were exchanged for knives, and had a fire in i'ae middle of their canoe, the latter being built of the bark of trees sewed together. They had also with them bows and ar- rows, and implements for fishing. On the 20th of July, some persons were sent in the pinnace, in order to make a discovery of a passage, which a French Tartan is said to have went through into the South ^5ea, in May, 1713; they returned on the 29th, having found the passage, but so narrow it was judged hazardous to attempt going that way. On the morning of the 1st of August, four officers went to look for this passage a second time. After the strictest examination, they could not find that it led into the South Seas; and, even if it had, the passage was so contracted that the ship could not have gone through it. They, therefore, resolved to prosecute their voyage through the straits, which, with much danger and difficulty, they at length accomplished, being all the way at short allowance. They arrived in the South Seas on the 18th of August, but in so weak a 'Condition, that it was impossible for them to undertake any thing of consequence; besides. Captain Clipperton was resolved, in pursuance of his in- structions, to steer for the island of Juan Fernandez,' the third and last place appointed as a rendezvous. Here they cast anchor on the 7th of September, and sent per- sons on-shore to search for some testimony of the Speed- weirs having been there, but met with no success. Cap- tain Clipperton, therefore, ordered an inscription to be cut on a remarkable tree, fronting the landing-place; so that it was impossible for any ship's crew to go on-shore and not see it. The inscription ran thus: "Captain John ' W. Magee, 1719." This William Magee was surgeon on- board the Success, and was a person extremely well known to Captain Shelvock and all his ship's com- pany. They took a great number of ^oats here, which not on!^ served for present eating, but likewise to encrease their sea-store, having an opportunity of salting them from some French vessels which bad lately touched at the island, leaving a considerable quantity of salt, which they had made there, behind. They also took in wood i^nd water, and repaired their ship for a cruise iu the CLIPPERTON. — 1719. 1-75 ks, which be middle of trees ITS and ar- mt in the ge, which h into the the 29th, as judged e morning >k for this imination, Seas; and, I that the therefore, he straits, at length ance. of August, Dssible for besides, e of his in* andezy'the >U8. Here 1 sent per- the Speed- ess. Cap- >n to be cut ce; so that -shore and >taia John Aagee was 1 extremely (hip's com- which not o encrease Jiting them touched at salt, which [)k in wood uise in the South Seas, where it was now apparent they were to act alone, and Captain Clipperton gave it as his opinion that the Speedwell was lost; which, if not his real sentiments, be said so to pacify the sailors, some of whom, with their dying breaths, cursed Shelvock for running away with their liquors. The beauty and fertility of this island, compared with the difficulties they expected to encounter in the South Seas, tempted four of the men to run away ^ from the ship, and fly to the mountains. As they were in want of hands, and as it would have been inhuman to leave them behind, the captain gave orders to make dili- gent search for them, but for some time without effect. At length, the day before the ship was to leave the island, some of the officers went in the pinnace to look for these men, who had now been absent a fortnight ; and sailing round to the east part of the island, found two in custody of the goat-hunters, who had met with them while in pursuit of their game; and who affirmed, that they had more difficulty in securing these fellows, than in killing double the number of goats, having been obliged to fire several times before they would surrender. Th« prisoners said, that for the first five days they were hard put to it, being obliged to subsist wholly on the cabbage- trees, with which the island abounds; but having one night, by good fortune, discovered a fire left by the hun- ters, they dressed some meat by it, and eat plentifully. All the rest being on-board and mustered, they prepared to sail on the 7th of October; in the mean time, a person went on-shore in the long-boat, to erect a cross, which had been already cut for that purpose. At the foot of the cross a bottle was buried, in wnich was a letter di- rected for Captain Shelvock, appointing another place of rendezvous, and some signal by which they should know each other at sea. On the 8th of October, at eight o'clock in the morn- ing, weighed from the island of Juan Fernandez, leaving behind two of the deserters, whom they had not been, able to find. On the 25th of October, chased a small vessel, which they soon came up with and took; she proved, however, a very indifferent prize, being a snow of forty tons burthen, laden with sand and rubbish for manure; but next day they met with a better prize, in a ship called the St. Vincent, of 160 tons, laden with wood^ 170 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. from Guiaquil. On the 30th, took a large ship bound from Panama to Lima, called the Triuity* burthen 400 tons, and had been taken by Captain Rogers, when he plundered Guiaquil, several years before; she had many passengers ou-board, and her lading was of very consi- derable value. On the 2d of November, took a vessel ot seventy tons, on-board of which were the Countess of Laguna and several other passengers, a great quantity ot ready money, and upwards of 400 jars of wine and brandy, articles they much wanted. The captain offered the countess her choice to remain on-board the prize, or to accept such accommodations as he was able to afford on*board the Success; and, as she preferred the former, he sent an officer of marines, with a guard, on-board the prize, to prevent her being molested. On the 12th, dis- covered a vessel at some distance, of 200 tons burthen, and bound from Panama to Lima, with a lading of wood, which, though of very little value to them, they took. On the 24th of November took a prize, of about 200 tons burthen, laden with wood, from Panama to Lima, having on* board forty negroes, and thirty Spaniards, chiefly passengers. On the 27th, came to an anchor with all their prizes at the island La Plata, where the captain began seriously to consider how he should make the voy- age turn out to the greatest possible ?d*"»ntagft to his owners, as well as to himself and the ship's company. He knew the coast was alarmed, and had certain intelli- f>nce that two men-of-war, one of fifty, and the other of irty-four guns, were fitted out on purpose to take him. e had no expectation of getting the goods which be had taken, ransomed, iu that part of the world, and was sensible that they would prove of very little value if brought to England. He, therefore, determined to try a project, which Captain Rogers had successfully practised before, that of sending a cargo of prize-goods to Brazil; and, accordingly, fittedout the bark in which he had taken the Countess of Laguna, mounted her with eight guns, and, putting on-board thirteen Englishmen and ten ne- groes, with what provisions and necessaries he could spare, he loaded her with a cargo valued at 10,000/. and pwards ; and, on the 27th, she sailed for Brazil, under the command of Captain Mitchell. Clipperton now sailed from La Plata, in order to cruise CLIPPER roN. — 1720. 1T7 r to cruise mh'is former station ; and, on the 12th of December, about five iYi the evening, saw a sail which he soon took ; she was called the Rosary, bound from Cherrippe for Panama, Jaden with provisions. Next day, the launch and pinnace were employed in taking flour and other pro- visions from on-board the prize; and when they had taken as muQh put of her as they could well stow, cut hei mainmast by the board, lest she should overset, and let her go. They continued to cruise in this station, lying in tpward^ the shore ^tni^bt^ aqd stan^^ng off all the day ; but met with no ady^i^ui^e tUl the 27tB, when they an- 5:hored in Quanqh^pp ^Bay, w^qre they found two ships at anchor^ and fired a jibot at each, out no return was n;iade. They then sent their boats on-board, but found the vessels abandoned, and discovered that the lading had been just taken out it 'was |iow resolved to l^ear a,w8y fpr the Gallapagos islands, in order to refresh; and accordingW, on the 9tb cftfanuary, 1720, thev anchored in York Koad, on the north side of the Duke of York's island^ direqtly under Uie equinoctial lipe, where they found good water, scrubbed and cleaned thi^irf hip; and, after a stay often days, left those inlands, ,^nd sailed to the northward They discovered a $ail pn the 21st of Januarv, which they continued to chase till eleven o'clock ^t nijgnt, when they came- up with her, ,and she strupk on Iheir firing a single gun. This ship was called tl^e ,rrince Eugene, bound from Panama to Lima, having on-bpard the Mar- quis de Villa Roche, who had bee^ presidefit of Panama, and all his family. On the 20th of April, ai^chpred in the sulpb of Ama- palla, with a view to have taken inwater; put, not hei^g able to procure any, they steered to the island of Tygers, where there was abundance. Proiii this time till the 24th of June they met lyith no siiccess; bi^t,, 9^ih»^ da^, took a prize, laden with timber s^d cpcoa-nuts: ;^pd,,pn the llth of August anchored, with their pri^ey^t the inland of Lobos de la Mar. While here, a conspiracy, heafted by the boatswain apd anpt^er fellow, was formed, fpr seizing the captain and the rest of |tne pfiiQers,.a^d r^?^ ning away witn the ship. The coijispiratiprs .agreed tp^et all the officers on-shore pn the islaupd pf Lpbps ; and th^en, without -distinction, to shoot every man who pp^pjsed 10 178 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. their proceedings; but the plot being discovered on the 6th of September, the two ring-leaders were severely punished, and the rest pardoned, which put an end to the conspiracy, , * On the 1st of November, sailed for the Bay of Concep- tion ; and in the passage took a ship, laden with tobacco^ sugar, and cloth. They made the Bay on the 6th in the afternoon, where they saw three men-of-war lying, with their top sails loose, who no sooner discovered them than they cut their cables, and stood iu chase. At this time Captain Clipperton had one prize with him, which, as well as the Success, ^hauled close upon a wind ; on which the best sailer among the Spanish men-of*war, gave chase to the prize, which she soon came up with, and took. The other ships crowded all the sail tney could for some time, till the largest, having her mizen-top-mast carried away, fired a gun, tacked, and stood in for the shore; which gave the Success an opportunity of making her escape. In the Spanish prize, Clipperton lost his tbir^ lieutenant, Mr. Milne» and twelve of his men. i On the 10th, saw another sail, to which they gave chase, but after a few guns fired on both sides,, she bore away and out-sailed them, perhaps a happy circumstance,^ as she was a ship of force fitted out to take Captain Shelvock; butthe captain knowing this was not Shelvock's ship, and doubting^ tier strength, was unwilling to engage her. They now continued cruizing to the northward, not in search of plunder only,, but provisions,, particularly fiour, of which they had none teft„ and were at this time reduced to an allowance of half-a-pound of Indian corn a day to each man. Qn the 4th of December found them- selves very near the Gallapagos, and, on the 6th« sent the pinnace to discover an anchoring-place, near one of the islands, which returned without finaine any, but reported they saw a great number of turtle on-shore ; on which the fmittace and yawl were sent to get some, and returned with fish sumoient to serve the whole ship's company a day. There being a prodigious surf they could not land, but kept plying on and ofi; till unwilling to lose more lime they determined to steer for the island of Cocos, where they hoped to get fresh provisions, wluch the num- ber of steh peopte on-board rendered very necessary. Ott the ITtb,, in the morning, had the satisfaction oJt CLIPPERTON. 1721. tia seeing the island of Cucos^ at the distance of nine leagues to the north-weat, wiiich tilled them with inexpressible joy; and next day, all who coiUd with safety be spared from the ship, went on-shore to build a large tent for the reception of the sick. Here they got plenty offish, fowls, eggs* cocoa-nuts, and other refreshments.; the captain opened the last jar of brandy, distributing to every man a dram a-day; and, on New- Year's day, he allowed a gal- ion of strong beer to every mess ; so that by proper re. freshments and ease the crew began to recover apace, and at length got their wood and water on-board. On the 17th of January, 1721, the captain made the neces- sary dispositions for sailing ; but it was three days before lie could get his people on-board, and even then there were no less than eleven missing, viz. three £nglishmep and eight negroes, who preferred an idle life in tluit soli- tary place, to the dread of the dangers and fatigues to which they were continually exposed on-board. On the 25th of this month arrived on the coast of Mexico, where, discovering a sail about seven in the evening, they sent their pinnace to give chase, to whom she struck about eleven. On the return of the pinnace they had the surprising account, that this was a Spanish ship called the Jesu Maria, now commanded by Captain Shelvock, who gave the following account — that he had no. more than forty of his men on-board the rest bein^ all dead or dispersed; that he had lost the Speedwell at Juan Fernandez, where they staid five months, and built a bark out of the wreck, with which they put to sea, and coasted along Chili and Peru, meeting several ships, but could take nothing till they came to Pisco, near Lima, where they made this prize. There was, however, con- siderable difference in their accounts, and it appeared they had no regular command among them, but had chosen a quarter-master, and carried every thing bv a majority of votes; so that they had entirely broken their articles with respect to their owners, and'had shared what they had among themselves. At eight o'clock in the evening, Shelvock came on-i^ board, miving been sent for by Captain Clippertou, to give an account of his transactions. The latter still keeping to the northward saw the Jesu Maria leverai Jkmes, but| in the beginning of the moath of March, cou« 180 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. w sidering they had a fair opportunity of coming pp with the Manilla ship, before she entered Acapuico, the officers determined, the next time they saw Captain Shelvock, to propose to him to make the attempt. On the 13th, they discovered a sail, which from the signals appearing to be him, they brought-to, and the captain and his lieutenants came on-board, when a gene- ral consultation was held, at which the officers belonging to both ships agreed tliat the attempt should be made jointly, ana that if happy enough to meet with her, they should run her aboard at once, which they supposed to be their only chance of success. After this they cruised for her, and, on the 16th, Captarin Clipperton held another consultation, in which the following proposals wer« agreed to, signed, and sent to Captain Shelvock, that if he and his crew woidd refund all the money shared among them- selves, contrary to the articles with the owners, and agree to put it into a joint stock, then all faults should be for- given, both companies would unite, and proceed to cruise lor the Manilla ship. However, Shelvock and his people not caring to part with anything they possessed, declined giving any answer to this proposal. Captain Clipperton nOw finding that nothing was to be done with his co- adjutor, having waited till some days were elapsed, be- yond the nsual time of meeting with the Manilla ship, determined to go dire<^ly to the East Indies. On the 13tfa of May anchored in the road of Guam, and sent the pinnace on-thore, with a flae of truce, in order to obtain some provisions ; but the inhabitants sent word they could not trade without the governor's peirmission ; and, therefore, it was thought proper to make immediate application to him. Mr. Godfrey, agent for the owners on-board the Success, having been sent to the governor's residence at Umatta, returned on the 16th, in one of their proas, with a message, importing that they should be supplied with provisions, provided they behaved civilly and paid honestly. On the same day their own launch arrived, and brought on-board bread, greens, £ruit, sugar, brandy, and cattle. On the next, the gover- nor sent a handsome present of sugar, brandy, and palm- wine, with a considerable quantity of chocolate : in ac- knowledgment of which kindness the whole ship's com- |Niny drank his health, under a discharge of seven guns« w CLIPPERTON. — 1721. 1»1 $hip, Tlie governor having agreed for the ransom of the Marquis de Villa Roche, who had been so long their pri- soner, he went on-shore on the 18th of May, in company with the agent, first lieutenant, and surgeon, and was com- plimented with five guns on his landing. Soon after this ihey received a letter, ifi which the governor agreed to pay for the consecrated plate, and desired more powder and shot: to which the captain replied, that he would not spare any more, nor send back the negroes. The yaiwl went on-shore on the 28th for more provisions ; but the officer who bad the government of the village told them tbey should have no more, unless they sent a quan- tity of powder and shot. ^ -. On tiiis Captain Clipperton immediately weighed an- chor, blending the pinnace a-head to sound, and making tbeibest of his wny to his ship in the harbour. During this kind of sham treaty, the people on-shore had raised ?. battery, from whence they now began to fire at the linnace, which, on her return, gave an account that the channel was within pistol-shot of the shore. About six in the afternoon, making toward the ship, they ran a- ground, the Spaniards : laving carried her into shoal water; so that they now sustained two fires, one from the ship, and another from the battery over their heads. At nine o'clock they got foul of the rocks, and endeavouring to get off, cut away two of their anchors ; and the enemy now fired so warmly with stones and shot, from a new battery erected on a hill, that they suffered extremely in their hull and rigging, and lost the first lieutenant, and three men wounded. Thus they lay in a miserable con- dition, exposed to the continual fire of the enemy, who, in the night, had a very considerable advantage over them, for the water being as smooth as a pond, easily showed their position ; whereas they had no other direction for their aim, than the flashes of the guns from the Spanish battery. At four in the afternoon they set her afloat, and cut away l^c small bower-anchor: but in ten minutes ran a- ground again; at nine they carried out the kedge-anchor, but, in heaving, the hawser broke ; they immediately .carried out another hawser, with a lower-deck gun to it, having now lost all their anchors, and being still a-ground. At two o'clock in the morning the enemy hailed them '^^ VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. \t ' veral times lo surrender, or expect no quarter; and at eleven o clock in the forenoon, llicy earned out the rest of the small bower, with two lower-deck guns, right a* head, into five-fathom water: they then cleared away the hold, ready to start their water, to make the ship lighter; got their upper and lower^deck guns forward, to bring her by the head, the ship hanging abaft upon the rock. During the last four-ancf-twenty hours they had happily but one person wounded; but the ship was wretchedly torn and mangled between wind and water. On the 30th, at six in the afternoon, just as they got afloat, the enemy fired so briskly firom the new battery, that the shot raked them between wind and water, killing one of their peo- ple and wounding two others. Thus they lost both their bower-anchors and cables, the stern and kedge-anchors, four hawsers, four of their lower-deck guns, and nineteen barrels of powder; and bad two men killed, and six wounded; having stood no less than fifty hours a fair ilfirk for the enemy to fire at; and, if they had not got clear, it was believed they would have sunk them before morning. On the 23d of June, on a strict examination, they found the ship in a very shattered condition, having scarce a whole timber in her upper-works : and as it blew pretty fresh they durst not carry sail, but were forced, for a week together, to scud under bare poles, through variable winds, and in bad weather. This, indeed, was a melan- choly situation for people to be in, who were in seas with which they were but little acquainted, and sailing by charts on which they could not absolutely depend. On the 1st of July fell in with other islands., and dispatched their pinnace for intelligence hoii^ far Macao bore from them, for which port they now intended to proceed. The pinnace returned on the next day with a boat, in which were three Chinese sailors, from whom they could learn nothing more than that Canton lay to the south- west. On the ad, finding they were too far to the leeward of Macao, and not being able to get a pilot, they resolved to sail for Amoy, before which port they arrived on the 6tk in the evenings. The entrance of the port is^ remarkable^ having a high mountain,, on the top of which is a toweI^, whicjbi may he seen twenty leag^ues at sea; and, en the CLIPPERTON — 1721. 188 other side of it, is a little island, which lies immediately before the bay. They entered this bay on the 6th of July, and were no sooner anchored than they had tei custom-house officers put on -board. The day after this the men mutinied, and insisted that the captain should pay them their i>rize-mohey immediately, as they knew the Success was in no condition to put to sea. On the 12th, the officers went on-shore to wait on the hoppo, who received them in a very fine palace, treated them with great civility, and gave them permission to remain in the harbour' till the monsoons were over, for which, however, he demanded, and soon afterwards was pftid, in ready money, a very extraordinary compensation, under the name of port-charges, amounting to 17t)0 dol- lars, which is about 400/. sterling. Some of the men hav- ing gone on-shore without leave. Captain Clipperton would have corrected them, but the whole crew declar- ing on their side, prevented it; so that all things fell into confusion, the men refusine to work till tliey had- received their prize-montfy. " To shew that they had no more re- gard to the credit of their country than they had to the respect due to their officer, they applied to the chief mandarin of the place, and desired that he would do them justice against the captain. Clipperton was therefore summoned before him; acAt on the mandarin's demanding a reason why he refused to comply with the desires of the crew, he produced the articles, by which it appeared that the prize-money wa» not to be shared till their return to London. But Cap- tain Cook (for so he was now called) being examined, gave the mandarin a different account ; on which a puard of soldiers was sent on-board the ship, with a strict order from the mandarin to Captain Clipperton, to settle the shares, and pay the men, with whicn he was obliged to comply. Pursuant to the same orders, this distribution was made on the 16th of September: but though Mr. Cook and his associates carried their point in this man- ner, Captain Clipperton's arguments had so much weight with the chief mandarin, that before he permitted them to proceied to the distribution, he obliged them to lay by one half of the cargo, for the benefit of the owners; which in ready money, wrought silver, gold and jewels, imounted to between 6 and 70001. sterling, which was >6f4 VOYAOP6 BQV^B JW WCSLD^. ^^s of m^yw hme ^l^mte^ Mpap 1^9P/- Tibey we^e9 .^iicjii^ |tpipi ,tbe tiay of Arn^>y c^n the 13th of Sey^eu^^er, j^.^i^r t^ proceed {0 M^cao, io the road of whieb tliey a|if t^^red on tlie 4tb of Ootob^f . A s soon 9s,(b9mam ^i|»i)|Qr|p|i ^^red t^e port, J^Ir. Cpqfc ^d Hfffiftfi^r gjQnjIknwp t^^osed ,«oii?g to (?w^p, to ^^^9nso|t ]|fr.Wtnd«ir, |Mp#ri|P<^r .9^ dollars. 41'ter tbis, CliuMrj^ip agreed witjii t|i(e f^ifcl^ser for a passnge in her to '^^taiti^, And i|*b^p be rf|f rived there, he piocor^d a ]nspage„iiih ftbip»v^ J^^r/i^. On his arrival in HoQ^nd, finding hiins^lfiniSN|)ec|ii|ing state of health, he took the first qppoft^ily of getting to Galwi^ in Ireland, where be bad left his lamily ; but .the satismetion be received in seeii|g them wnSfOftii^YjQiy short duration, for, with a broken ^rtpine, hediedllfnA broken hear^ within a week af)^ |||iijand|ypf CAPTAIN Qs,ovim mwvoc^^--in9rm» XlLN accol^lt,b^s be^.Alr^^dy given of tfoe prepeding voyage, apd of the motives tb#t inflne^Qf^d the juudertak- ing. It remains now only to reliite t\M procee^ifW'^ of Captain Sh^lvock, the se<;Qpd in comiifiand, who h^s bim- self been circiipistanti^tl ,in l^iqg befpre the public the particulars. On the X^tb of February, 1719, sailed from Plyqioutb, in the Speed,we|l, in cqq^pany with the Suc- oess, of 36 guns. Captain, Jqbn Cl|pperton. On the l^tii, went under his lee, and dented bi^|p.§end for bi» lyine and brandy, which be peglectiqg, ^Qf.t M^ sea- stock oi liquors; for they nevjBr ^awvc if a SHBLVOCK. — 1719. 185 ec^ding idertffk- W«gs of 1^ him- blic the ed from he Sue- he l^th, Di» wine tock ot ther till ft, ^torni miarter, idejrable riiig; a succession of prodigious seas drove over the ship; and, in this Melancholy state, the chain*punip was the only mec!is of deliverance. February 20th, had no sight of the Success, and at midnight set the top-sails and stood to the north-westward. A tedious passage occurred to the first place of ren- desvoiis, the Oeuary Islands; and did not arrive there till the 17th of March, where hearing nothing of the Success, on the 29th took their departure from the island of Ferro, in hopes of meeting with Captain Clipperton among the islands of Cape de Verd. On the 14th of April made ^e Isle of May; and, running along-shore, saw a wreck, which they were told was the Vanzittcrn Indiaman, Captain Hide, who three weeks before had been cast away. On FHday, June 19th^ made the island of St. Catherine's; and, at ten next morning, anchored in ten-fathom water, the island of Gall bearinjip east-north- east distant two leagties, and 'the easternmost point of St. Catherine's east arid by soutb, distant f^ur leagues. The first thing was to send the carpenter on-shore, with all the people that could bs usenn in fdling trees, and sawing them into plank, and to order the cooper and his crew to trim the casks and fill them with water. July the 2d, Were alarmed, at break of day, by the ap- {Hl^rsnc-ci of a large ship ut anchor, four or five miles be- low the place where they lay. An officer was sent in the launch, well manned and armed, to see what he could make of her, and put the ship into the best posture of defence practicable. About noon the launch returned, and brought word that this ship was the Rwby, formerly an English man-of-war, and now one of M. Martinet's squadron ; tha^ she came from the South Seas, and was commanded by M. la Jonquiere; that he, his officers, and seamen, to the number of 420, were all French ; and though in the Spanish service;, had not the least design to molest the English. July 15th, saw a great sbip plyinff into the harbour's mouth ; but when she discovered the Speedwell, made the best of her way out again. This possessed M. la Jc^nquitre with a notion of her being tbe Success, and put hiita into a hurry to be gone; aecoHingly, when night came he weighed, and went to seii the next morning. During all thti, the carpenter went on but slowly in the 181 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLO. woods; and at last, when they came to case the stern alt over with thick plank, they could find no nails fit for that use; and it seemed the first carpenter and his crew had sold most of the stores before the ship left Plymouth. July 25th, a large ship came in, called the Wise Solomon^ of St.Malo's, of 40 guns, and about 160 men, commandecl by M. Duinain Girard, and bound to the coasts of Chili and Peru to trade. August 3d, there came in t|ie St. Francisco Xavier, a Portiq^uese man-of-war, of 40 guns, iind 300 men, from Lisbon, bound to Macao^ in China, commanded by Captain la Riviere, a Freiichman. On the 6th, three of the men deserted, and the mate and his party went up to the Portuguese plantations in search of them. It, bemg almost midnight, the inhabitants took the alarm, and planted themselves in ambusciide to destroy them as they came back. No sooner had they returned into the boat, than thev heard them rushing out of tiie woods, crying, " Kill the dogs, kill all the English dogsi"' This outcry was instantly followed by a volley of small arms, which wounded three men. They made no long stay after this disaster, but took their departure from the northernmost point of St. Catherine's, on the 9th of August. September IQth, about midniebt, perceived the water to be discoloured all at once, and upon heaving the lead> found themselves in twenty-six fathom water; this done, stood off again to sea, but did not deepen their water in the running of five leagues. This seems to be a bank very near the entrance of the straits of Magellan. On the 13th, the fog clearing up, they had a full but me- lancholy prospect of the most desolate country that can be conceived, seeming no other than continued ridges and chains of mountains, one within another, perpetually buried in snow. Till now, they had not been sensible of any helps or hindrances by currents; but this afternoon were hurried with incrediole rapidity into the straits, and just as they had gained somewhat more than the mid- passage, the northern tide came rushing out with a vio- lence equal to that of the tide which Imd brought tbem in, and, to their great astonishment, drove them out of the straits again at a gireat and extraorduiaiy rate, notwith- standing a fresh and iair gale in their iavour, at north- west. The ship laboured in the most «iarming munojer tern alt ortbat ewhad mouth, tlornon^ Banded >f Chili the St. guns, China, n. On and his iarch of ook the destroy eturned i of ttie idogsi" >f small no long re from e 9th of le water he lead«, lis done, water in i a bank ui. On but Die< that can d ridges rpetually nsible of tternoon aits, and the mid- th a vio' j;ht them »utofthe notwith- it north- mimoier SHBLVOCK.— 1719. 18T and became insensible of the guidance of her helm; but at midnight the tide shifting, they put through the straits without seeing the land on either side, and in the mom- ing haid a very good offing to the southward. Titey now formed a resolution of going to the isle of Chiloe; and on the 30th of November entered the chan- nel, with an intent to surprize and attack the towns of Chacao and Calibuco: but, ijimediately after tliej^ had come to, the windward tide made out with prodiffious rapidity, which instantly caused a great sea; and the wind increasing at the same time, the chpinnel all around appeared as if agitated by a storm. In the midst of this the ship laid a great strain upon her cable, which unfor- tunately parted, and they lost the anchor. December 3, there came a Spanish officer, in a piragua rowed by eight Indians, sent by the governor to be informed who they were. They hoisted French colours, and, when the Spaniard came on-board. told him, they were a hoiue- ward-bound Fren**** ship, called tlie St. Rote, and that the captain's name ' 3 le Janis le Breton. Under this notion he staid e s^ {ht, and next morning departed, not seeming to 8U8iK;4ii them. From this deception they had now the decks full of live cattle, such as European sheep, hogs, guanicoes, poultry in abundance, and hams, &c. as also a good quantity of wheat, barley, potatoes, maize, or Indian corn; and, in short, four months provi* sions to what remained of the English stock. December 17, unmoored, and at noon weighed and sailed out with the wind at west-south-west. On December the 23d, came abreast of the Teats of Bio Bio, and in the evening arrived in the bay, from whence were ordered the boats, well manned and armed, to go up in the night to surprize what ships or vessels might be in the luir- bour, and to make what observations they could concerning the place. About noon, Captain Hatley returned in the pinnace, having taken the Solidad d'Andav, of 150 tons, the only ship in the road, lately come from Bal- divia, laden with timber; had nobody on-board except thebo? rain, an old negro, and two Indian boys. He took also a sDmll vessel of about twenty-live tons, near the island of Quiriquine, which belonged to a priest who had been gathering fruits, and. was now made a prisoner in her, together with four or five Indians. They were agreeably surprized soon after with the sight of a large ship, coming 188 VOYAGBS BOUKD TBB WORLD. about the northernmost point of the island of Quiriquine. It was almost dark, aqd she could not ptjrceive. wlmt they were, so that she stood on without ftar. As soon as she approached near enough they hailed, to which she Re- turned no answer, and they fired into her. This was no sooner done, than she came to, and called for quarter. She was called the St. Fermin, came from Callao, oilrtben about '800 tons, and laden with sugar, molasses, rice, coarse French linen, and some cloths of Quito, together with a small quantity of chocolate, and about 6 or 6000 dollars in money and wrought plate. January 1, Captain Betagh went to Conception, \Yith a cdpy of Shelvock's commission, tiie declaration of war, Ac. and soon aft«r returned with a Flemish Jesuit, a Spanish lawyer, an EnglishmaD, and a Scotchman. The Jesuit assurisd the captain, he wa« only cone to pay his respects/ and to do his utmost to promdte the ransom of the sihips fhe tlien said that the caj&ains of the St. Fermin and SoKda^l had resolved to give 12,006 doUacs for me ransom of both the ^ips, and the Mcrculry induded, instead of 16,000 dollars which had been inaisAed on for the St. Fcrmki only. To this they positively aaawered, tfiatall persuasions, artifices, and preteiices, anoiild never make them agree to them. Thev bad tak^ in the St. Fcriinii, ten large silver candlesticks, each of them weigh- ing above twenty-five pounds sterling. Jantiary 6, the morning passed away without any news from IIub town. They now began to make prepavalion fi»r sailani^ amA in those spent the greatest part of tha dsy. Thelie b^g bo appearaiice of any boat coming off, tm^ oidaEed the St. Fermin to be set on fire. Her coAUin sails, Imug loosed, made a prodigious blase. They iiad alnady aet te ^lo the Solidad, to quicken their motions ; and w^w, hftviiig con- cluded the treaty, immediately got uadier Sjul, much chagrined at the loss of so many >d»y s without reapii^g any advantage. January 11, «t sia in tlie morning, taw (the isl^n4 of Jnali Ferfiandez, and from r the boats, Mtibich were fishing. At length, gqin^ on.shoce tO nake a aearcii, some of the men acpklentaMy «aw the word Mi|g«e, vhioh was the name of Clipperton's swrgcon, ^n^ 'CaptatQ ilobn cut out under it upon a tsec. Being tkua KonfijStned in tile cen the be: dispatc any shij head-lai ship at Mercur the ship possible her alrei dentally about II the Mer Hatley's tinue al seven de took a SI and the the fdur tons, wo success, of this 0] their he sail stam Spanish their In( Marcl Oradado wards, < flying, i forty-six others, more exi marched position the inha shipping senger, 1 of the t< pieces o got ever; set it on sumed a^ than tho SHBLVOCK.— 1720. 189 tthcy a» she ^99 no larttr. ilrtben rice, gethev r 6000 )f war, suit, a The Hiy his isom of Fermin £orthe oluded, on for (wered, d never the St. weigh- er the t town. Mil in eingBo thie St. loosed, i |o the M^gany \{^v4 of th kept ch were searcii, !, urhich wilobn ;med in the certainty of Clipperton's arrival, they directly made the best of their way to the northward. February 5, dispatched Mr. Brooics a-head to discover if there were any shippine at Arica, and, next day, had a sight of the head-land of that place, and the island of Guano, with a ship at anchor on the northern side of if, and saw the Mercury standing out of* the bay, by which they judged the ship was too warm for her, and therefore made all possible haste to get up to her with the ship. They found her already taken, and that the Mercury only went acci- dentally adrift. This prise was called the RoiM^it>, of about 100 tons, of no value. February 26, the oftoers in the Mercury desired to be relieved, and it bein^ G«ptain Hatley's turn to go in her, he proposed that he might con- tinue along-shore, so far as Lobos, an island in about seven degrees of south latitude. The very next day they took a small bark ladfen with rice, chocolate, wheat, flour, and the like. The day following they took another. On the fourth day they becaihe masters of a ship of near 200 tons, worth 150,000 pieces of eight. Flushed with this success, the greatest part of the people wished to lay hold of this opportunity and go to India: but no sooner clapped their helm a-weather for this purpose, than they saw a sail standing in chase, which, in short, proved to be a Spanish man-of-war, who caught them, and put an end to theur Indian voyi^e. March 21, at three in the afternoon, saw the Pena Oradado, or the Hole in the Rock; and, in an hour after- wards, entered the cove of Payta, with French colours flying. At two o'clock next morning, Shelvocklanded with forty-six men, leaving Mr. Coldsea the master, atad some others, to bring the snip nearer in, that they mifht the more expeditiously emlmrk the expected plunder. Tliey marched up to the great church without meeting any ^o>p- position ; and indeed found the town entirely deserted by the inhabitants. The remainder of the day was speAt in shipping off the plunder. In the afternoon there came a mes- senger, to know what they would take for the rarisom of the town and ship; to which it was answered, 10,00^0 pieces of eight. Having received a negative answer, and got everything serviceable out of the town, they instantly set it on Are; and the houses, being extremely dry, con- sumed away a-pace. But no sooner was Pay ta in a blaze, than those on-board made signals for them to come ofl*. 100 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. and kept incessantly firing towards the mouth of the harbour; where was a large ship lying with her fore top sail aback, and with a Spanish ila^ flying at her fore-top- roast-head. As she was coming in with all sails spread, Mr. Coldsea, by the assistance of the few on-board, fired so smartly, that he stopped the enemy's career. The Spaniard apprehending he should have hot work, broueht his yhip to, that he might put himself into a condition of making a more vigorous attack. This inactivity of the enemy gave an opportunity for all the men to come off, mboutfifty in number, but the Spaniard wa^ within pistol- shot before they had got into the Speedwell; upon which they cut the cable, but the ship fallina; the wrong way, had juit room enough to fill clear of him. They ex- pected him every minute to board, and, upon hearing a •houting amongst them, and seeing their forecastle full of men, it was concluded they had now come to that re- solution; but the English presently saw the occasion of this joy wa bad little or no effect. All stood fast in the Speedwell, which gave time both to get a-head and to windward of him, before he could fill his sails a^ain. After this, he was in a great hurry to get his spritsail-yard fore and aft, threatening very hard, and plying them with his fore- cbace : but they were soon out of his reach ; this ship was called the Peregrine, of fifty six guns, with upwards of | 450 men. The Speedwell had but twenty mounted, with seventy-three white men, eleven negroes, and two Indians. May 11, saw the island of Juan Fernandez^ bearing! east half south. On the 21st, a hard gale of wind came from seaward, and brought in with it a tumbling swell; 10 that in a few hours the cable, which was never wet before, parted, and inevitable shipwreck appeared beforel their eyes. But Providence > far interposed, that if] they had struck but a cable's ' v[th farther to the east-f ward or westward of the plP j here they did, they iiiusfl oertiiialy all have perislie^. The main-mast, fore-masti and mizen-top-mast, w^ t all away together; iind happ|^ SHfeLVOCK.--1720. 19t It was they did so ; for, by making them serve by way of raft, and by the help of those who were on-shore before the wind came on, all were saved except one man. Thev now began to think of building such a vessel firom the wreck as might carry all off at once from the island ; and for that purpose consulted with the carpen- ters. June 8, laid the blocks, and got the bowsprit ready to make a keel. September 9, a boat, begun d^ the ar- mourer, was launched; and> being now in a fair way of completing the bark, there yet remair« **, unconsidered and undetermined, what provision ,ho%. be got for the present voyage. All the stock consisted o/but one cask of beef, five or six bushels of fiirina or Cassada flour, together with four or five live hogs. The little boat was now daily employed in fishing. The armourer constantly supplied them with hooks, and there was no want of lines, which were made of twisted ribbon. In the mean time, tho^e who were ashore, made twice layed stufl^ for rigging and other uses ; others patched up^he canvas for sails ; the cooper completed his casks ; and, in a short tinie^ they had masts an-end tolerably well rigged, and thought they made a pretty good figure. The next spring-tide they found means to launch her, which happened on the 5th of October, by which time they had saved about 2300 <:onger-eel8, weighing one with another about one pound each, and made about 60 gallons of seals' oil to try them iik This, with what was mentioned before, was all their sea-stock. As she went off the blocks, she 'was named the Recovery. October 6th, set sail, with nothing to subsist on at sea but the before-mentioned smoked congers, one cask of beef, and four live hogs, together with three or four bushels of farina. They were upwards of forty persons crowded ttbgether, and lying upon bundles of eels, with no convenience of keeping the men clean, nor any thing to defend thera from their abominable stench; not a drop of water to be had without sucking it out of the cask through a pipe, which being used promiscuously, became intolerably nauseous. All the conveniency for firing was an half tub filled with earth, which made cooking so tedious, that they had a continual noise of frying from mornisff till night. On the fourth day tbe^ ftU iu with a large thip, plainly European-built. This struck 102 VOYAORS ROUND THB WORLD. tbem with the dread of her b^ing a man'Of-war; but their case being desperate, they stood for her, when the enemy discovered the brownness of their canvass, ^nd, suspect- ing them, wore ship, and hauled close on a wind to the westward. In the mean time, the English over-hauled their arms, which were found in very bM condition, one- third being without flints, and they had but three cut- lasses; so that they were but ill'-prepared fo" boatding, which was the only means left of taking any ship. Thev had but one small cannon, which coUld not be mounted, and therefore were obliged to fire it as it lay upon the deck ; and to supply it had no more ammunition than two round-shot, a few chain-bolts and bolt'heads, the clapper of the Speedwell's bell, and some bags of beach^stones to serve for partridge-shot As they advanced nearer, they saw her guns and patararoes, and a considerable number of men upon deck, with their arms glittering in the sun, who called out by the name of English dogs, defying them, in a scornful way, to come vOU-3»oard, and at the same time fired a volley of great and small shot, which killed the gunner, and almost brought the fore-mast by the board. This warm reception sta^ered a ^reat many of the men, who before seemed the forwarde insomuch that they lay upon their oars for some time. They re- covered themselves again, however, and rowed close up with the enemy, engaging them till all the small shot was expended, which obliged the adventurers to foil astern to make slugs. In this manner they made three attempts, but with no better success. liieir condition now grew worse and worse ; for after parting from this ship, a hard gale came on, which lasted four days without ceasing, during all which time they had not a hope of living a minute. In this extremity, calling to mind M« Frezier's account of Iqui9 enthusiasm, which has sincq distinguished our country over all tlie nations Qf the world.] J.N the ye&r 1014, the Eapi h dia Company of Holland equipped a fleet in Europe, ^""iach was intended to sail for the Moluccas, by the straits of Magellan and the South S^a. Joris Spilbergen, an able and experienced seaman, who had previously conducted a fleet to the East Indies, received the command of this with the title of admiral, and a commission from their high-mighti<' nesses the States-general. The fleet now fitted out con- sisted of six ships ; the Sun, (admiral's ship) the Half- Moon, the CEolus, the Morning-Star, the Chaser, and Sea-gull; they were equally supplied for trade or for war, each ship having merchants and supercargoes, all matters to be determined by a council of the mercantile as well as the nautical oflScers. On the 8th of August quitted the Texel, stopped some j time at the Isle of Wight, and, on the 29th of September, found floating at sea pi ship's mast, about which were an. innumerable quantity of fish ; the admiral's ship, in pick- ing up the mast, having caught enough to supply 2(NI men. October the 3d, passed Madeira; and Dec(>!mhi>r 20th anchored near Ilha Grande, on the coast of Brazil, where tents were erected on«shore for the sick, witha strong guard of soldiers for their protection. Here they tried to water the fleet, but the seamen not using sufii • cient precaution, three boats were taken, and most of their crews and guards killed by the Portuguese. A conspi- racy was at the same time discovered in the Half-Moon, some of the seatnen of which ship, in conjunction with some of those of the Sea-gull, intended to seize on tho»> vessels and on the galliot, and desert from the fleets Two of the mutineers were condemned bv the council mud executed, and the crew of the Sea-gull drafted intu the other ships. On the 26th of January, 1615, a Portuguese vessel, standing in from sea, was captured ; her cargo proved of little or no value, but the men on-board were wished to be exchanged for some of the Dutch prisoners taken in the watering-party, known to be alive ; but the Portu- guese w6uld not accede to this arrangement; on which the prize was burnt, and the most able of her crew com- 200 VOYAQES ROUND TUB WORLD. pelled to serve in the ships of the 6eet. Oti the tiUi, another watering-party was attacked Uy the enemy, when four Hollanders were killed, but succeeded in dri^vinj; back the assailants. February 4th, the fleet proceeded on the voyage, Bay de Cordes, in the strait of Magellan, being appointed for the rendezvous in case of separation^ March the 8th, arrived off Virgin Capje; on the 17tk. aome of the ships had actually gained entrance int* the strait, while others were driven off. In the mean time, when thus separated, another mutiny broke put iu the Sea-gull, and the command wrested from the officers, but the mutineeirs becoming intoxicated, and disagreeing in the choice of a new captain, the vessel was recovered* and the two principal mutineers were adjudged, by. com^ mpn consent, to be thrown into tlie sea, which was immc^ diitely executed, and an attested account drawn up of all the curcumstances. Winter was now near at band; and, while the wind t6Jitinued contrary, some of the officers and merchants inquired of the admiral what route lie proposed to take, if tht fleet should not be able to accomplish the passage into the South Sea: ^o wbom the adnlurat replied, ** I have no other orders than to sail through the strait of Magellan, inasmuch as no other passage is known to us; I therefore command you, that you do your best not to separate frw Ji me." On the 29th, the Sea-gull wa& mis- sing, though in company the preceding ^ay, and it was apprehended she had deserted the fleet intentionally. April 6th, the wind being favourable, entered the strait. Near the entrance on the land of Tern^ del f'uegp, w^s seen a man of extraordinary stature, whto kept on the more elevated grounds to observe the ships. On the shore of the continent were seen ostriches, which ran with such swiftness, that a horse could scarcdy liave over- taken them ; and, on an island near the mouth of the strait, were found two dead bodies of the natives, wrapped in the skins of penguins, and very lightly covered with earth. One was of the common stature; but the other, it is stated, two and a half feet lon|;er. Many natives visited the fleet, in the Bay of Cordes, where the fleet now was, to whom presents of trinkets and knives were made, and who in return gave oruaments pf motiier-of-pearl; but for some unknown reason, they 8PILBEROEN. — 1615. 201 afterwards ditcontiiiued their visits. On tlie 24th, quitted the bay. May the 1st, a boat having been sent to sound before the fleet* sowe of the crew landed to shoot birds, when, being surprised by a party of natives, two were killed. On the 6th entered the South Sea, with temperate weathc^r. 2%Bt, gained sigh( c : the coast of Chili, ai|d, on the 9^^, apchored pear the east-side of the Tsle of Mocl^a, hf|lf-a*league from the shore. Next morniiig, boats b^ing sent from the ships, the inhabitants entered peaceably into tralhc with the Dutch, bartering their sheep, goats, poultry, and vegetables, for hatchets, knives, glass-beads, and other European wares. The chief of the ishind, with his son, visited the admirttl, and remained all night. All the people were sociable with their visitors^ but would not admit them into their houses, oi" to approach thieir women; the things to be dis- posed of being all brought dp^n to the water-side. When they had disposed of all they wished, intimation and si^ns were made to the voyagers, that they should re-enter their boats and depart, with which desire the admiral wisely and humanely complied, thus parting with mutual esteem. On the :it9tli, the fleet anchored near the Isle of Santa Maria, when boats were dispatched to tr^^ whether the natives would enter into peaceable traflic for proviitions; but it was tbund there were Spaniards on the island. A negotiation was^ however, entered into, and a Spaniard invited the Dutch oflicers to dinner. When the guests were assembled, the latter as suddenly broke up, eitl^e,r suspecting treachery in the Spauiaids, or disc-oveiin^ that th^y could help themselves, prubably without tbt? trouble of a formal bargain. Three companies of soldiers, aiid a party of seamen, were forthwith landed, who set Are to some houses, and carried oft* 500 sheep, with a quantity of wheat, barley, beans, and poultry. From their intended host, who was made prisoner, they learnt that the Viceroy of fern had been for some months ap- prised of their coming, and that in April three ships had been at Santa Maria in search of them, in addition to a greater force which was preparing at Lima for their des- truction. Upon this intelligence, Spilbergen, with the consent of the merchants, resolved, to proceed in search of the K 5 202 VOYAGES ROUNi> THE WORLD. Spanish fleet, first putting his own in a fit stafe to m^et them. June the 1st, sailed towards Lima. At Condep- tion landed, and burnt some houses; at Valparaiso the enemy set fire to one of their own vessels, to preveiit her falling into the hands of the Dufch. At Quinterd, stopped to take in water, which wa^ obliged to be doi|e under cover of works thrown up for the purpos^ o^ cdver' ing the party thus employed. , Wild horses were at first seen here near the river, but they soon fled on fipVling their haunts discovered; two of the Portuguese pHspji> ers taken at Brazil were .put on-shore here. July the 16th, having advanced beyond Ariequipa, they took a small vesv4el from that place, bound to Callao, 'with a cargo of olives, and a round sum of money, but tl^is be- ing embezzled bv the immediate captors, the exact amount was not known, nor had they tiiiie to enquire into it, as on the same day the Spanish fleet, consisting pf- eight sail, appeared in sight. ^^ These were the Santa Maria, the admiraVsiship, mount- ing twenty-four guus, and 460 persops, but of these there were 100 servants; Santa Anna, of fourteen guns, and 300 men; Carmel, of eight guns, and 250 mejo; Santiago, of eight guns, and 200 men ; Rosaro, of four guns, and 150 ftien; the other three had no cannon, but were filled with musketry. All the 17th, the two fleets endeavoured to approach each other, but were prevented by the light- ness of the winds during day-light. The Spanish con^- mander, contrary to the advice of his second, determined on a night attack, and about ten o'clock closed with the Dutch admiral's ship, when they hailed each other, and had some conversation before a shot was fired, but this conferrence was soon terminated, for one of a less arnica' ble nature. The attack commenced with musketry, followed by a lively discharge of the great guns. The ships of both squadrons came up in succession, but, from the calmness of the weather, the admirals remained for a long time opposed to each other, and during this time, the cannonade was accompanied by the continual sound- ing of tambouis and trumpets. Aftei^wards the action became more general, but the night beeoming very dark, the fleets gradually separated, the ships of both being much dispersed. One Spanish vessel, named the Sap Francisco, armed with musketry, uas however sunk. 8PILBBBQSN.— 1615* 203 At day-light next morning, the Spanish admiral and bis second were widely separated from their other ships, of which Spiibergen took advantage, and they had thus to sustain nearly the whole fire of their adversary ; two of their ships are accused of having kept wholly out of the action. The Spanish admirals finding themselves over-matched, endeavoured to escape, but the Santa Anna being closely pressed,. it was necessary for Don Rodrigo de Mendo9a to wait for and assist her. At length, being in danger of sinking, she submitted, when the Spanish admiral made sail and got off. Two boats ;^re sent directly, on-board the prize, with one of the captains of the Dutch fleet, who was directed to return with the Spanish vice-admiral, but that officer, Pedro- Alvarea de Pijgar, conceived it woi|ld detract from his faouour to quit his, ship in the night, unless tlie Dutch commander would come for him in, person. Finding him immoveable in this resolution^ the Dutch officer returned, when, before any other arrangement had taken place, the prize we^it down with most of her crew, and among others her captain, who thus fella victim to a foolish punctilio. Next morning, others of the Spaniards were in, sieht, but not the admiral, so that as the night was calm, it IS supposed she also sunk. The Dutch lost forty killed,, and between fifty and sixty wounded in this action. The victorious fleet sailed directly for Callao, but the batteries proved too strong to enable it to assault fourr teen sail of shipping, drawn up under them; and quitting this place, sailed northwards, when a small vessel, laden- with salt and sugar, fell into their hands. On the 8th of August, anchored near Pay ta, when the town was plundered and burnt, though neither moi^y nor many valuables were among the booty; here tliey remained several days, when Spiibergen received a present of fruits, from Donna Paula, the wife of the governor, with a re- quest that he would release some of the prisoners taken, in the action, an entreaty which was not refused. The /4|u&ntity of provisions on-board being however insuffi-» cient, boats were sent to the Isles of Lobos, near Pavta , Bay, to procure sea-calves, but the seamen. not relishing them, this practice was soon after discontinued.. At, this place, the voyagers relate, that their men caught two birds, nearly two ells in height; they hadithe beak^wings. 304 roTAOBS XOUlfD THB WORLD. and talons of an eagle; the neck, like that of a sheep; and on the head a crest, resemblinff, in some degree, the eomb of a took. A tender to the fleet took a balsa, something like a raft, used b^ the native Peruvians, and on ytfhizh they ||o to sea; this had been out two. months fishing, and having salted a large qnantity, the pri«e was valuable to the Hollanders. On the 21st of August, they ouitted Payta) proceed- ing northwards, when it was resolved in council to steer for the Isle of Cocos, at which place they w^re led to ex- pect refreshments; the weather, however, proving tempes- tuous, it could not be found ; and they then determined to sail for the coast of New Spain. On the iOth of October, anchored near the entrance to the port of Aca- pulco, and next day the fleet stood in, when the citadel fired some shots, but on the Dutch commander displaying a flag of truce, for an armistice, it was discontinued, and neither party received or offered further molestation. Each, however, kept ready to repel treachery. On the 12th, a treaty was concluded with the governor, the terms of which were, that no hostility should be committed on either side; that the admiral should release all his Spa- nish prisoners; and that the Spaniards should furnish the fleet with thirty oxen, fifty sh^ep, a large quantity of poultry, fruits, wood, and water. By this amicaMe ar- rangement both were benefited, one saving their town, the ^ther gaining more by forbearance than they could >by hostility; «nd the agreement was faithfully fulfilled' on both sides. On the 18th of October, sailed from this port; 20th, captured a vessel of little value, except a few provisions. November the 10th, anchored before the Port of Salugua, and two boats were sent into that harbour, to examine a liver, which was reported by the prisoners to abound %ith good fish, and its banks with citron, and other fruit- trees; and, at two leagues distant, meadows with cattle graiing. The ace corresponded with the description given, out the Lutch had the prudence not to land, nu- merous footsteps of men who wore shoes being every where perceptible, though previously informed that In- dians only frequented the neighbour^nood. Next day, the admiral proceeded thither with 200 men, but were at tacked, notwithstanding their numbers, as soon 8P1LBERGEN.— 1616. 305 as landed, by a strong^ body of Spaffiiards, who had con- cealed themselves in the woods. These were, however, repulsed, after a sntart conflict^ but not without the loss of two men kiHed and seven wound«don the part of t}i« Dutch, who, afraid of beins: entrHp|>ed, and bavins their ammunition expended iu the engagement, reimbarked for tbeships. On the 15(h, sailed tor Port de Navidad, three or four Oeraian leagues distant, where they watered with- out molestation ; and, >« the *20tb, quitted it, inteading to oruice olf Cape San Lucas, for the chance of meeting with vessels from Manilla; but the winds proving unfa- vourable, it was at leii|i||lli determined to prosecute the voyage to the East Indies, leaving the coast of America^ December the 3d, for the Ladrone Islands, with a fine wind, steering west-south-west. On the 3d saw two islands, much to the surprise of the pilots, who did not expect to see any here, at so small a distance from the main land. At day-lighton the 4th, saw a rock at a great distance, which was at tirst mistaken for a ship; but, on a nearer view were undeceived,' and much annoyed at their disap- pointment; this rock is situated in latitude 10 deg. and is distant from the continent fifty-five German leagues. On the 6th, at noon, latitude observed 18 dee. 80 min. north ; this same day was discovered another island, hav- ing five ' 'Us, each of which had at first the semblance df being a distinct island ; these islands were respectively Santo Tomas of Grijalvo, Santo Tomas of Villabasa, Roca Partida, and La Aunublada, so called by the Spaniards. From this time to the 1st of January, 1616, they steered towards the west, by south and west-south-west, with a favourable wind, having, however, many sick on-board, besides several who died. On the 23d, made the La- drone islands, where they trafficked for provisions; and, on the 9th of February, came in sight of the Philippines; the ships of Spilbergen passing through the channel of San Bernardino, about the end of the month, anchored before the Bay of Manilla, where it was intended to re- main till the middle of April, as rich trading vessels from China were expected to arrive near that time. Here they captured a number of small vessels, laden with fruits, poultry, and provisions of various kinds; some being Chinese, and some Japanese, as well as Spaniards, but S06 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. they were all equally seised, and distributed to the fleet, the prisoners only being released. «f , lutellij^ence was received by Spilbergen, in the begin- ning of March, that all the naval force which the Span- iards could muster at Manilla had been sent to the Mo- lucca Islands, to oppose the Dutch; that this force con- sisted of ten large and eight small vessels, in which troops were embarked, besides many foreigners; and that they had left Manilla the 4th of February. A council was immediately summoned, when it was resolved, with- out delay, to proceed to the assistance of their country- men ; but, previous to their departure, one of the small prizes, manned with a Chinese crew, was dispatched to Manilla, with a letter to the governor, in which the ad- miral offered to exchange his prisoners for any native of Holland, who might be detained there. On the 8thj took four champans, a kind of coasters, laden with pro- visions; and two days afterwards, receiving no answer to their proposition, set sail for the Moluccas, where they arrived (at Ternate) on the 29th. Spilbergen here was of the greatest service to his coun- try as a warrior^ merchant, and negociator, remaining near these islands till towards the end of the year, when he aet sail for Europe, where he arrived with safety, and in credit, for the services he had rendered* The jour- nalist of his voyage relates a very interesting fact, not recorded in any other history of that period, that the D^tch company had 3000 troops, and thirty-seven sail of European shipping, besides country-vessels, in the East- Indies, in July 1616; a force which two or three years after, no doubt, encouraged them to commit the barbarous massacre of Amboyna, upon our unfortunate countrymen* JACOB LE MAIRE, AND WILHELM CORNELISZ SCHOUTEN.— 1615-17. A. BELIEF that to the south of the strait of Magel- lan there would be found an open sea, or some other passage leading to the South Sea, had many years been Sradually gaining ground, when a company of merchants etermined to make the experiment, which, i£ successful. would by a ne gellan's they asl elusive neU or agenen their su Jacol membei chant, a Schoute or mast Orange, strale oi Eendnu live me eight g Maire, a latter w patron, June three d gunner anchor 25,000 beads. 17 min. the Eer the shi{ came as wards a sticking water li into on< without end of a or dolp the eqv voyage officers Ont five fat LB MAIRE AND 8CHOUTKN. — ^1615. ff07 would open to tbem, as they believed, the trade to India, by a new, instead of an interdicted passage, which Ma- gellan's discovery it seems then was. In case of success, they asked permission from the States-general, to an ex- clusive trade for the first six voyages, by any new chan- nels or countries they might discover* who, however, as a general decree, granted four such voyages to any of their subjects who might prove so fortunate. Jacob le Maire, son of Isaac le Maire, the principid member of the company, was appointed principal mer- chant, and president of the ships; and Wilhelm Comelisz Schouten, an able seaman, received the charge of patron or master-mariner, with a .license from the Prince of Orange. The vessels fitted out by the Compagnie Au^ strale or Southern Company, for this purpose, were the Eendracht, a ship of 360 tons, nineteen guns, and sixty- five men, and a galliot, named the Home, of 110 tons, eight guns, and twenty-two men. The president, Le Maire, and Patron Schouten, sailed in the former ; the latter was commanded by Jan Schouten, brother to the patron, with Adrian Claesz as principal merchant. June the 14th, 1615, quitted the Texel, and in three days anchored in the Downs, where an English gunner was hired. On the 30th of August, dropped anchor in the road of Sierra Leone, where a stock of 25,000 lemons was purchased firom the natives, for a few beads. On the 5th of October, were in latitude 4 deg. 17 min. north, when a great noise was heard on-board the Eendracht, seeming to proceed from the fore-part of the ship, and immediately aft^r, the sea around them be- came as red as if blood had been effused into it. After- wards a piece of the horn of some sea-animal was found sticking in the bottom of the ship, seven feet below the water line, having penetrated through the planking, and into one of the ribs, about the same length remained without; it was nearly of the shape and thickness as the end of an elephant's tooth. On the 10th, caught dorados or dolphins, and about forty bonetas; on the 20th crossed the equinoctial line, and five days after, the plan of the voyage was made known publicly for the first time, to the officers and seamen of both vessels. Oh the 4th of December, struck soundings in seventy* five fathoms depth, and two days after, saw the American *»08 VOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD* «Mtt. On the 6th, anchoreil in Port Desire, where tlioy took a large supply of sea-lioas, penguins, birds of many 4pecies, eggs and fish; some of the former were sixteen feet in length, and were killed by shooting them through the head or belly; there were also taken in one day, two tons of smelts, many of them sixteen inches in length: all the water bawever was brackish. Upon the summits of the hills were ^hserved jaowids of stones, remarked in Olifser Van Stfooif-s voyage, under which were found the •bodies of 4be natives, wi&iout any grave. On the 18th, the iiorne caught fire, zn4 was totally consumed. Soon •fterwaiids, however, theyiioaBd better water, by watching the tracks of animaUs towwrds two pools, where, by dig- •ging, they|>rooured four tons^ and subsequently ten more. To prepare for a stormy latitude, the guns were struck into the hold. On the 18tb of January, 1616, '^^he £>pn- dracht quitted Port Desire. ^^ On the 20th, at noon, passed the latitude of the en- trance of the straits of Magellan, and by estimation were twenty leagues distant from the land of Tierra del Fuego; at three p. m. next day saw it; directed their course east-south-east with the hope, as they express it, (to arrive at the -endof the land.) On the 24th, at day- bfeak, saw Tiena^iel futgoto the right hand, not more than a league off; vtailed aAon^^ it; and saw another •country to the cast, ^omse high and mountainous ; judging these lands to be'eif^ leagues distant from each otheir, and a passage between ithem, because the tide ran . vi tance from the coast of Peru, computed to be 1510 Ger- man leagues. Saw a sail standing across them to the north, which was at first taken to be a Spaniard, but a little more observation shewed it did not belong to Eu- ropeans; they steered for it, and after firing two or thrcM; guns to bring her to, the meaning of%hicli was not un- derstood, a boat was dispatched, which inconsiderate!}' fired musketry at the strangers, one of whom being wounded in the shoulder leaped into the sea. The rest dreading similar treatment, as soon as the boat came near, also threw themselves in, first throwing all their little stock of provisions and furniture before them; one of these men, fifteen or sixteen in all, took an infant with him; two only remained in the canoe, with eight women and several children; but the boat afterwards went to the relief of the Indians in the water, though unfortunately several were drowned. Every amends they could was afterwards made for this unhappy occurrence; the wounded were dressed, presents were given them, and all were restored to their canoe, upon which the women expressed extravagant joy. These people were of a light copper-colour, their it which, )ut them i\ of the necks of away in ese men ed, their a piece I women 7his wag rom find- ed to the ady, with lone bear- illed Wa- sland ,was e former; onk place and. h, the dis- 1510 Ger- ?m to the ird, but a ong to En- ivo or three iras not un- [isiderately lom being The rest boat came g all their them; one : an infant with eight afterwards ter, though s made for re dressed, red to their extravaeant olour, their LB MAIBB AND SCHOUTBN. — 1616t» 2ll cloathiug a slight covering round the middle, and the hair of the women cut short ; they had quite consumed their stock of fresh water, as well as the milk from the cocoa- nuts. The vessel navigated by these islanders was formed of two large and handsome canoes, placed pa- rallel at the distance of a fathom and a half; in the mid- dle of each was a broad thick plank of red wood on its edge, across which, from one to the ather, were small beams surmounted by a platform, with a shed of matting, under which were placed the women and children. There was but one mast and one sail, the latter of mat- ting, and having on its upper part a figure like that of a cock, intended perhaps to distinguish to what island the vessel belonged. Their cordage was well made; they ivere also provided with fishing-tackle, the hooks being formed of stone, and the bearded portion of bone, or tortoise-shell. Every thing was neat and well adapted for sea about this little vessel. On the lOih, a high island was seen bearing south- west by south, and shortly afterwards another near it, long and more level in its surftice ; two fishing canoes carried lights in the night, one of which came to the ship next morning, to the people of whom, beads and other trinkets were thrown, but tlrr^y would not come on-board. As soon as the Eendracht hud reached the northernmost island, which was named Cocos, and anchored, three large sailing caftes and several smaller ones came near her, the people of whom, after holding out a white flag, which was duly answered, ventured on-board, and were highly amused by one of the sailors playing the fiddle. 200 cocoa-nuts besides yams' were brought on-board the same evening, in exchange for nails and beads, and the visitors proved so numerous that the voyagers could scarcely stir about on-board, in addition to which, every thing portable, even to the canon-balls, was stolen. These men were large and robust, their ears slit, and their bodies tattooed ; a boat sent to examine the south- ern island was boarded by a number of canoes which surrounded her on every side, and seized the pilot's lead, but one being killed by a musket-shot caused the others to retire. Next morning, (12tli,) many canoes came early to the •hip with cocoa-nuts, bananas, yami, and small hog«, the ftl9 VOTAGBS ROUND THE WORLD. \i m«n tskiitg their goods often in their teeth and diving under the other canoes in order to get on-board, being otherwise unable to reach the ship from the numbers around her. A canoe came also from the southern island with a present from the king, of a young pig, a cock, and a hen, who followed soon bis gift in a large sailing vessel, seated under an awning, and attended by his chiefs and people of consequence, besides thirty- five other canoes in waiting. As he approached he ut- tered a praver several times, joined by his attendants, who passed their hands over their heads to the back of the neck. The Dutch on their part sounded their drums and trumpets to honour their visitor, whose messengers cleared the ship of the other natives, repeating the word **fanou" while a present was sent to him. This personage, who it seems was not the king, but his son, was called Latou, who. after reciprocal civilities, came on-board, and retired repeating the same, inviting them to visit the southernmost island, and promising a j^lentiful supply of provisions. Early on the 13th, nearly nfty canoes had arrived at the vessel, bringing hogs, fowls, and fruits for traffic, soon after which, twenty- three large sailing canoes surrounded the ship, which to the Dutch had a suspicious appearance. Each of these had about twenty-five men ; and one of the largest, which appeared to command the others, had th^gure of a cock on her sail in red and ^rey colours ; sflrral of the na tives repeated their advice to carry the ship to the other island, and the son of Latou again came close, but de- clined an invitation on-board. At this time, symptoms appeared as if they were put- ting their fleet in order of battle, upon which the Een- dracht weighed. The Latou was himself with his fleet, when both he and his son quitting th« large canoes for small ones, an attack was commenced with huge stones amidst incessant shouts ; the principal vessel of the natives was impelled forward against the Dutch ship, but of course did no injury, while she was broken to pieces, and the people, among whom were many women, precipitated into the water. The great guns and musketry soon dispersed this armament, which consisted of not less than 1000 men, the king having doubtless mustered his whole force. The president would not itop here any longer ; divmi; beitig imbers uthevn pig. a a large ded by thirty- he ut- ndants» back of r drums isengers le word Dg, but ivilities, inviting mising a 1, nearly ig hogs, twenty- vhich to of these tt, which )f a cock the na he other but de- rere put' he Een- his fleet, moes for re stones e natives but of sees, and cipitated try soon less than is whole longer ; Lb MAIRE AND SCH OUT EN.-— 1610. di3 and, on account of the treacherous conduct of the people, the southernmost was named Traitor's island. Next morning, (t4th,) land was seen a-head, which, in expectation of finding water, was named G^d Hope island ; it was only two leagues in diameter, but had many trees and habitations ; the natives coming in ca^ noes to barter fish for trinkets. While a boat was em- ployed in sounding, fourteen canoes surrounded and at- tempted to board her, bat were repulsed by musketry, «nd two islanders shot. The rest, terrified at what they .saw, fled to the shore, calling aloud Bou ! Bou ! imitat- ing the report of the mulcts, to inform their friends on- shore what had happened. On the 18th, shaped their course to the northward, being now 1550 leagues from the coast of Pern, and having no hopes of finding a south- ern continent ; and next day two islands were discovered in about Iddeg. south. These were of moderate height, the border near the shore of white sand, with abundance of cocoa-nut-trees, the inland parts mountainous ; many canoes came ofl^, the people shouting loudly, who were answered by drums and trumpets. They resembled the Good Hope island natives, and exchanged fish for beads, but one making a threatening motion with his spear, and others commit- ting depredations, a quarrel took place, when the sailors fired without orders, and several of the savages were wounded. A fllit sent to look nearer the shore whs likewise attafcked, and six islanders unfortunately kille>i. These quarrels did not prevent them coming ;i:o tl t> ship on the 22d, but none were admitted on-board ; th&y brought provisions of various kinds, and bargained very fairly, no attempt being made to commit deprerl^^siona. Two hogs were brought on-board dressed in the island fashion, that is, only half done, their entrails taken out and herbs stuffed in them along with hot stones, which is the common mode of cookery ; a present of a live hog also came from a chief. On the 23a the ship was warped into the bay about a stone's throw from the shore, and in front of a stieam of fresh-water, which her guns com- man^^ed. The inhabitants now flocked from all quarters of the^ island, in order to traflic, and among them numbers of women, which seemed more a proof of confidence and peace i 214 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. \' than they had yet received ; about 500 men, armed with clubs, assembled near an open house or shed which was the king, or Arelii's, as he is called ; in the evening, a present came from him with an invitation on-shore, which was declined without hostages. This being complied with, six islanders came off, and three officers went on- shore, who' were received with due honours by the as- sembled chiefs, who in return received presents from Claesz the chief of .he party, whose shirt being a great object of admiration and desire for its whiteness, was given along with the rest to the Areki. They returned four bogs, and directed every attention and assistance to be paid to ihe watering-party. He desired a great gun to be fired, but, along with all his subjects, fled on hear* ing it, to the woods, though he soon returned ; a sword wJEis at first stolen by a native, but the culprit was pursued, taken, and received a severe beating from the Areki's officers, after which, nothing more was stolen during their stay. The hostages were soon released on both sides, and an unreserved intercourse established. On the 26th, the president proceeded on-shore in state, with presents for the king, who received him with great cordiality, and taking from his own and his son's heads, caps, or head-dresses of feathers, put them on those of the two chief merchants. Next evenini:, the seamen remained on-shore, full of confidence in their new acquaintance, singing and dancing b^^he light of the moon, to the sound of instruments, in which they were joined by the natives ; while, to add to the amusements of the evening, two of the Dutch went through a mock ■word-flght to the great admiration of tlie natives. .28th, the chiefof the neighbouring island visited the Areki of this, v/ithdue ceremony ; the president also went on-shore in the afternoon to a grand feast given to the strangers. Next day he took a walk inland, attended by a son and brother of the Areki as safeguards; and having finished watering, it was proclaimed to the islanders that they would depart in two days, which news seemed not dis- pleasing from the provisions consumed, and the power they had displayed. The Areki himself, attended by sixteen of his princi- pal subjects, came on-hoaid, a man of good appearance and about sixty yoaisof ijre; he brought several presents I '' \< ed with lich was :ning, a >, which omplied veut on- f the as- its from [ a great ess, was returned itance to reat gun on hear- a sword pursued, e Areki's •ing their th sides, -shore in him with his son's them on n\nf, the their new rht of the they were lusements ;h a mock :s. .28th, Areki of t on-shore strangers. a son and g finished that they d not dis- the power bis princi- ppearance li presents I/B MAIRB AND SCHOUTBN. — 1616. 215 and was received with all due honours by the president, who seated him on the gayest cushions, and who after- wards accompanied him on-shore, strolling through the native habitations where the seamen were busy dancing with the islanders of both sexes. The 30th, the chief of the other island paid a more formal visit than formerly, being accompanied by a fleet of canoes, and a multitude of both sexes ; the meeting was extremely ceremonious be- tween the Arekis, and the Dutch, who were of the party, could not conceive where these people could have learnt their taste for so much form and etiquette Sixteen hogs were roasted on this occasion, and a large quantity of yams and other vegetables dressed to do honour to it, of which at least 900 persons partook. Early in the morning of the 31st, prepared for sailing, when the two Arekis, attended by their principal people, came on-board, wearing green leaves of the cocoa-nut round their necks; provisions were supplied in abun- dance, and Le Maire, after treating the chiefs with wine, accompanied them onshore. At noon put to sea. These were named the Home Islands, and the anchorage Een- dracht bay. Le Maire thought ihey might be the Salo- man Islands of Mcndana. The bay lies in 14deg. 56 min. ^ south. 20th June, steering to the northward, the latitude was 4 deg. 50 min. jttuth, when in the evening land was seen to the southwIRI ; next mornirtg, found it a cluster of small low islands, connected by reefs and sand-banks. Two canoes came off, one with six, the other with four men, all armed with f ows and arrows, the fiist islanders they had seen with these weapons during the voyage; presents were made them, but they had nothing to give in return, and would not venture on-board. Towards evening, on the 22d, saw a gyoupe of twelve or thirteen low islands, very small in extent, which were named Marquen. Two days afterwards, three more were discerned, low, full of green trees, two of them two leagues long each, but the third very small ; these were named the Green Islands. The same day, in the evening, a high island was observed before them, which was called Jan's Island. 25th, saw very high land, supposed to be the Cape of New Guinea, and by noou. were near enough u 216 TOYAGB8 ROUND THE WOftL% to discover people and habitations ; their boat tried to sound, but was attacked by canoes till compelled to fire in their defence; at night anchored, and were well watched bv the natives. The 26tb, eight proas came off with above 40 men, armed with clubs, slings, and wooden spears or swords, who, notwithstanding friendly signs, commenced an at- tack, and were answered with canon and musketry, which caused four canoes to be deserted and the rest made off. Ten or twelve were killed by this unnecessary severity, and three made prisoners, who were carried to the shore to be exchanged for provisions, but not being of awfnckni consequence to be ransomed in this way, were siflerwards liberated gratuitously. On the morn- ing jf the 30th, were near a bay supposed to be In New Gutpe^. from some island near which several canoes <;uir*e ^'jf, embellished with rude paintings and carved lm.'i,f which md chil- ould not coasted islands iith, and well i(.- I habited, when they anchored. Some cafioes ap- proached, and a native prepared to shoot an arrow on- board, when 4 musket was fired to prevent him; after which, the patron proceeded wiil^ two boats, well armed, to obtain' cocoa-nuts, but the natives disputed the beach, till a gun from the ship dispersed them. Fjmm the woods, hoWever, the Dutch were again attacked, and, nftet i shatp' Struggle, compelled to retreat, witli fifteen meii wdiinded; among whom was Adjrien Claess, who had an arrow through his hand. m^iu*i From the smaller island the boats were mote tttccest- ful, wh^re a plantation of cocoa-nut trees was stripped, and soittci huts burned, on which %e people heoanc more peaceable, bringing off refreshments, and receiving presents in return. July the 23d, passed sevetal smaU islands, the people of which had tawny complexions and long curling hair, differing a good deal from the Papoas, or Papuans. August the 5th, came to the Ide of Gol^, subject to the King of Tidore, after being maeb embaip- rassed for liiairy days by islands, shoals, and unknown tracks, from which they with difficulty got clear. Sailed again u|xt day; ana, after being much delayed by calms, met, Siefiliiniber the 17th, with a ship of their own country, bne of Admiral Spilberg^en's fleet, anchoring the same diiy at the Island of Ternate, or Terrenate. They were kindly jre||^ed by the people in power; the £en- dtacht had nbHUt onb of her crew in this long naviga- tion; and Ifi^y had diicQvered a new passage to the South Sea; y^t th^^e merits did not avail them, for on t^e arrival of tjie ship, at Jacatra, the present Batavia, in the island of Java, sh^ was 'seized and condemned, on a supposed infringement of the rights of the Dutch East- India Company, the oMcers and crew being put on-board other ships to be conveyed to Europe. On t!i^ 31st of December, during the passage home, died th^" president, Jacob Le Maire, a victim to the un- worthy treatment he iiad received, a worthy man, and a prudent and skilful Navigator ; and, on the 1st of July, 1617, his compabibris arrived in Holland, having been absent two years and seventeen days. ... ■• f M «»>*? d' 'N^k'^'^Ma- 218 YOYAGBS ROUND THB WORLD. ADMIRAL JACOB L'HEREMITE.— 1623-26. In the beginning of the year 1623 a fleet wu equip* ped, by order of the States-General, and Prince Maurice of Nassau, against the Spanish settlementi in Peru. This armament consisted of eleven sail of shipping, under the orders of Admiral Jacob L'Hereaule* an officer who had served the Dutch India Companv many years, with great reputation. A complaint which afllicted him at the most critical period of the expedition, and finally terminated his life before he reached Europe, has caused this voyage often to be called that of the Nassau fleet, from Prince Maurice of Nassau, a principal promoter of the design. The admiral's ship, named the Amsterdam, mounted forty -two guns, with 237 men ; that of the vice-admii^I was nearly of equal force, and some of the others little inferior ; the whole number of guns was 294 ; of men 1687, t>f whom 600 were regular soldiers, with practical pilots and scientific mathematicians, altogether the greatest force ever sent into the South Se^ It quitted Gor6e April the 20th, 16^^|^nder orders to make the passage by the strait of IK Maire. May the 31st, fell in with a fleet of Barbary corsairs, near Cape St. Vincent, from which severaLJ£iollanders de- tained prisoners were taken and distri|[|pd in the fleet. June the 4th, captured four Spanish tessels from Per- nambuco, laden with sugar; two of these and one of the armament being sent to Holland ftom their indifierent sailing. July the 5th, watereil at the Cape de Verd Islands; and, on the 11th of August, anchored at Sierra Leone, having, from the continual rains, n sickly crew. Here presents were obliged to be given to the chiefs be- fore communication was permitted with the shore; a species of nuts eaten by some of the crew had nearly proved fatal, but for the prompt administration of medi- cines to counteract their deleterious effects ; forty-two Men also perished from dysentery, brought on from eating too many limes, which seamen on a voyage are naturally tbnd of, though they, as well as other fruits and vegeta- bled^ often bring on this complaint if used too freely at first. The admiral was also takeo ilL Two ships 8" wei l'h e r em 1 t £. — 1 623* 219 grounded on a hank near Cape Lopex Gonsalvo, but were toon got off. During the passage to the Isle of Annabon, complaint was made against Mr. Jacob 3<:geer, the principal sur- geon of the ship Mauritius, ytlwt several of his patients, soon after taking the medicines he had prescribed for them, had died in a manner which had given cause to suspect thaipiwas something extraordinary in his prac- tice. The vite and rear-admirals were jointly commis- sioned to inquire into the truth of this complaint. The unhappy surgeon answered the charee with protesta- tions of innocence; but, at the narrative of the voyage sa^s, there were half proofs against Mm, torture was ap- plied to make him confess, notwithstanding which he persisted in denial, telling the commissioners they might do what they pleased with him. This being regarded as insensibility, created a suspicion that he had a protect- ing charm; and, on being searched, the skin and tongue of a serpent were found upon him, which to them seemed to leave no doubt of the fact, and he was re- manded to con^nement. Again he was brought before the commissioners, and being let out of irons for this purpose, imiiK4i3itely jumped overboard, but was fol- lowed by two men, who supported him in the water till a boat picked them up. After much resolute denial, the, poor ma n'tjao nstancy was overpowered by their cru- compelled to confess that he had anrujon '.n mm elties, and caused seven mUk to die because the care of them gave him too much trouble; also, that he had tried to enter in a compact with the devil, whose presence and protec- tion he had invoked; but this cunning personage it seems would not appear. On this foundation, the wretched man wns beheaded on-board his ship, on the 18th oif October, an instance of superstition, barbarity, and foUy, not e«ceeded by any of the savages of the coun- tries they meant to visit. On the 29tb of October made the Isle of Annabon, subject to the Portuguese, and abounding in fruits; a compact of amity between the Dutch and the governor was agreed upon, the former to procure refreshments, the latter to be permitted to remain unmolested ; oxen, hogs, goats, poultry, and other provisions, were conse- quently prtu ured in abun4 nee. The island lies lOdeg. I ^ 220 VOYAOES ROUND THE WORLD. 30 mill, south, is six leagues in circuit, with a tolerable anchorage for ships; grows some cotton, and is said to have civet-cats in the mountains ; 200,000 oranges were sent on-board ; and water is plentiful, but difficult to be got at, on account of the surf on the beach^ which is often fatal to boats. On the 11th of November sailed^ and advancing ninety leagues to the west-south-west, found thd south-east trade-wind, and then stood for the coast or Brazil; near which, on the 19tli and 20th of January, 1624, observed the sea discoloured with an infinite number of small shrimps. On the 2Bth, one of the prize barks separating from the fleet, and*being unable to rejoin^ bent her way homewards^ Three days afterwards the fleet made Cape de Penas, on Tierra del Fuego, aboat mid-way between the Canal de San Sebastian and Cape St. Ines. On the 2d of February entered Strait Le Maire, whioii they would not have suspected if the pilot of the Eeti- dracht had not recognized the high mountains on the western side; the marks for its entrance are high, bro- ken, and mountainous land on the eastern side, while on the other, a western shore, are seen several round hills close to the sea-side. Two of the ships anchored in a bay of Tierra del Fueg4), trafficking with the natives for seal-skins, and caughi also a l^rge quantity of shell and ther fish; this place, after the rear-admugl, was named erschoor Bay. Another of the sbips 4piRi'cd in a very tolerable harbour, which was called Varentine's Bay. ' On the 14th of February, having passed through the strait several days, observed the compasses to difter much from each other; latitude 56 deg. 20 min. south, Cape-Horn bearing west seven leagues distant. Being afraid of falling to leeward of this point, the admiral ran for a bay in Tierra del Fuego, afterwards named Nassau Bay, where the fleet anchored ; here was found plenty of water, but no fish, except shell-fish ; one of the coves of this bay was named Schapenham Bay, alft^r the vice- -dmii-al. » ^ On the 24th, a storm having forced the boats off to the ships, leaving nineteen men behind unprovided with arms, seventeen were found killed by the natives on their return, the other two having escaped by conceal- ment; no quarrel, it seems, had taken place, but being r ) r L'HEREMITE. — 1624. 'Itel to the ! with ' deffcDcelesS) this was a sufficient reason for the savages. The vice-admiral being ordered to examine the coast, reported that the whole of Tierra del Fuego is divided into many Ulands, and that to pass into the South Sea it is not necessary to double Cape-Horn, for that on every side there were openings, bays, and gulphs, running into the land as far as the eye could distinguish. The natives are said by these voyagers to be as white as Europeans when young, which they saw in severe I infants, but that the constant use of oil and dirt, with exposure, changes the natural colour in adults. Most of them paint their bodies with a species of red oclirc, some with white; they are well-proportioned, ^out tiie stature of the whites, have long, thick, black ", and teeth filed as sharp as the blade of a knife. 4 he men were entirely without clothing ; the women with a slight covering round the waist, and necklaces of shells; they also were painted, like the men. Their huts were formed of trees, of a circular form, diminishing at top to a point, with an opening for the smoke. They had lines, hooks, and harpoons for fish- ing*, all neatly made; and they never were seen abroad without their arms. They possessed boats made from •the bark of large trees, and very dexterously curved, something like ^Venetian gondolas, and from ten to six- teen feet loqa: noireligion or government seems to exist among themn|pd they eat every thing raw. On the 27th of February quitted Nassau Bay, the wind westerly; Juan tFecnandez being appointed the rendez- vous, in case of separation. On the 8th of March were in 61 deg. south; ^tjiree of the ships straggled from the fleet, and, on the ^Sth, *the admiral saw the coast of Chili; April the 6th, she anchored at Juan-Fernandez, where three soldiers and three gunners from the vice- admiral's ship chose to remain, in preference to going to sea. On the 3d of May had sight of the coast of Peru, and, on the 8th, nearly abreast of Callao, took a small bark with eleven men; from whom the admiral heard that the treasure-fleet, consisting of five ships richly laden,, had sailed from Callao for Panama. The Spanish admiralj in a ship of 800 tons and forty-two guns, with two smaller vesseU of war, were still in the former port, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // J w 1.0 I.I 1.25 IM 12.5 Uo I^U^ 12.2 I US 12.0 1.4 I ^ V2 ^-5 o 7 /A Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WIBSTBR.N.Y. MSSO (716)172.4503 222 TOTAGKS BOtlNS THB WORLD. beiides a great number of merchant-yesseU; to protect which, there were not more than 300 soldiers, while the motives and negroes were inclined to rise against their masters. Upon this, a council-of-war was held, whether to pursue the galleons or attack Callao; the latter was resolved upon, the command now devolving on the vice* admiral, Scbapenham, in consequence of the extreme ill- health of L'Heremite. On the 0th the troops embarked in the boats* but/on account of the surf and the Spaniards on the beach, did not persist in landing; during the two following days, tlie commander seemed at a loss what to do; an the night of the 12th an attack was made on the merchantovesscls, about fifty in number, when they were set on lire, in- stead of being brought 6ff, which might have been easily accomplished ; but all their measures now indicated nei* ther spirit nor perseverance, and further operations wcr^ confined merely to predatory excursions, instead of at- tempting the town and fleet at once. On the 2d of June the admiral, L'Heremite, died^ a man of skill and courage, to wliom no part of the mis- conduct or ill-success of his fleet was owing. Two at- tempts were made upon a ship, the Reoargo, which had oA-bjoard some of the treasure not carriM away in the fleet, but with some wiint of success attending aU their other enterprises. Some of the Spaniilyprisoners ap» plied for an exchange, but the gover-i|P^plied, that they had only powder and ball at the service of the Hol- landers, ah answer which proved fatal to his unfortunate countrymen ; for, immediately on receiving it, those de- tained in the Dutch fleet, twenty-one in number, were hanged at the yard-arm of the Amsterdam, a most bar- barous and uiyustifiable proceeding, for whicb no apo- logy ever was or could be offered. Scbapenham was now ashamed of the insignificant part he was acting with so large a force, but did not ap- pear to know wnat to do. At one time it was deter- mined to proceed against Chili, for which various pre* parations were made. August the 6th, Ouiaquil was captured by two ships under Verschoor, the rear-ad- miral, who set it on fire; 100 Spaniards being killed in its defence, and seventeen prisoners taken, who were barbarously thrown into the tea, under pretenise of trea- chery. ^^ L'HBKEMITB.>-1625. ssd On ihe Mth, left the anchorage off Callao, where no water eoald be procured, and proceeded twenty miles to the southward, where the lanaing being good, and their fofoe unbroken, an easy descent and march to the city was practicable. This, however, was neglected. A se- c<»na attempt was made upon Guiaquil without any ap- parent object, and proved extremely disastrous, twentv- eight men being killed in a shameful retreat, though tho attacking force was double that formerly successful. A resolution was now taken to go to Acapulco, tt wait for the galleon ; here Schapenham attempted to nego- ciate with the governor, wno^ however, would not listen to him; and, though the face of the former was sufficient to procure any thine on the coast for the supply of his fleet, it was not tried, as if his incapacity shoiUd be plainly discernible in every part of his command. No- vember the 29th, after various contradictory determine tions, the fleet finallv c|uitted this coast fi>r the East-In- dies t thus cheaply freeing the Spaniards from the for- midable force which threatened their possessions in Peru, and which, skillfully and courageously applied, might have eone far to dispossess them of it. In fifty-seven days the fleet made Guabam, or Guam,, one of the Ladrones, when X^Q canoes came oft* to barter yams and cocoa-nuts for such trinkets and ipetal impie- ments as the voyagers had to spare;, for the scurvy had made great ravages, and some ships, wece so weak as scarcely to be Sole to work their saib^ February the 11th, sailed for the Moluccas, and foiir days after saw land, high, and seemingly well-inhabited and cultivated ; several canoes attempted to follow 1 hem, but in vain; the people resembled the Lad rone Islanders. March tl^e 4th, anchored at the island of Terrenatc Here the voyage of the Nassau fleet may be said to have terminate, the ships having separated upon dif- ferent services in the East-Indies; in October, Schapen- ham embarked, being in a bad state of health, on-board the Eendfacht, at Batavia, but died early in November.. The operations of his fleet were therefore of no import- ance in anv point of view, the military transactions being contemptible, and the discoveries being confined to the knowledge, of Nassau Bay, and a more accurate idea of the natrire of the southern portion of Tierra del Fucgo, TOTAam ROUND THB WORLD, APMIRAL JACOB H0GaEttg, s^^ppofted to'be from the weight erson, wdl-made, and run sWiftiy, 6f milfl behaviour, their complexion brown, like that 6f the Spaniards, tbotigh In many instances whiter; !h^ir bodied j>ainted with all manner of ligures of birds ,and afiimulsl. The women were mostly pamted of ii bright' i^d colour; with partial coverings of linen and A sttilr like sifk, aqq wore ^mall 'hats formed of rushes or straw* What is very remarkable, the meni seemed to have no hostile .weapons, apparently putting their trust in thdr idols. • These were of stone, thrice the height of l5 TUB rOYAOBS ROUND THB WORLD* a man, well-proportioqed, with great ears, and tlie Ima ornamented by a crown; parapet*walU encbied these gigantic figures, and they were attended by men iha?ai on their heads, who were doubtless priests. No chief appeared among these* people, or any one who seemed to have any particular coifiima^d, except some of the most a^^ed, who wore plumes,- and . carried staves, as if the patmrchal government preViMled among them. It was the admirars intention to traverse the island next day, in order to examine it mor0 particu- larly; but a strong west wind came on, by' which two of the ships broke from their anchors, aipa rendered it necessary for the whole to proceed to sea for aa^ty. Latitude of this discc^very 27 de^. south. Early in May, in 15 dee. 45 mm. south, saw an island, low and sandy, with a lagaon, or lake, in the centre* which was named Carlfs-hof, but which some believed to be the Hoiiden Isle of Le Maire and Scbotuten* On ' the 20tb, the African galley, the look-out vessel, found herself in the night among a cluster of low islands all at once, and before she could avoid the dangei^ ran upon them between two rocks; but firing siguai-guns to her consorts, they had time to haul off ana keep clear of diffl^i^ulties. The report of the cannon brought down a nymbcr of the natives, who lishting fires. ,iii several places ; the Holla^iders, alarmed for their safety, fired in the direction, and dispersed them. At day-light next morning, the Eagle andllenhoven found themselves in a great measure encircled by land, there being four large islands and many islets ali.d rocks in sight, so that they could not distinguish by What chan- nel they had entered. For five days they could not clear those dangers; the galley was irretrievably lost, and her crew divided between the other shi|>s, except five men, who took to the woods, and having betayed im* properly would not return, cluising rather to remain among savages, of whose disposition, persons/ ^r maii'^ ners, they were totally ignorant At a detacliiment sent in pursuit of them, they fired from the Woods, and though promised pardon, would not quit their retret^t. These were called the Schaadelyk, or Ferniciods islands. On the 26th of Maiy saw another island at dui^-brnk, upon which they would have run had they edntmiied on R006BWBIN.-*1TK2» 287 a aulfi ftrtber; and towaTdi cYening another, the fonner < beinc called IHuigeraad, the hitter Abend-roth» or JHy- bfcak and Eveniiw iilandf. TheM are supposed to be the Sonden-Oronot, and Vlieghen Islands of Le Maire. .;' On the 29th, came to a group of islands named the LAbyrinth, six or eight in number, fnom which it ^as- difficult t9 get clear; they did not anchor, but though no inhabitants appeared, there was ample evidence of tj^ir e;dsjtc|il twelve German kigues in circuit, to which was given. the name of Verquikking, or Recreation Island. Tills was highland, and of course very different ikoiii the others. Two boats, with twenty-five men in eacli, were sent armed, to look for anchoring»ground and refreshnieBts, when the natives advanced into the water to oppojie their landinff,, but were dispersed by the fire oif musketry. Signs of friendship were, however, made ,to them, und further intercourse took place, assisted by mutual presents. The next day a stronger part^ quitting the ships,, ma(|e presents of beads and lookmg glasses to the per- ^soii wno seemed to be chief; who, however, received .them with disdain^ though cocoa-nuts were given in re- turn. After filling twenty sacks with herbs, for the use of the sick, tlie Dutch advanced into the country, but were repeatedly advised by the chief not to do so, till at leogth a shower of stones horn the offended natives , woundefl several, which was answered by a volley of ' imisketry. Several fell h^* this act of retaliation, but the savages, undaunted, continued the fight with increasing numbers and fury, so that the Dutch< were at length Vforced back tp their boats,, every one severely wounded,. *itod many event kilMf with so strong an impression on tbe minds ojf the seamen j that none, after this tim^, would, volunteer to proceed in the boats to unknown .islands, Where there wa» any donblof the disposition Of thepeoplf. . The natives here were robust, weDimade, active and dexterou«ii!«iiMB vwlmUy /cortted with,aii«liiff, -foftlo^tfie toudi, ■and adoroftd mm onutmeints 4if /p«af l-tiMl. f t^has iiact b«eii^»nppoaed, ithatUbifttiafaHid iBithe^ae nbw'knowii'ii^ the suiine iof tUlietea. A ^oaacil'.of .the offioere was: now tilled «bytlie adnii- Tal, .whoiooaHniinioated tbftiiMi' his linstraetionsj' that, if after ariiving.ataiccitaintloiigitade, 4k did-ttot dboonrer « aountey worth ^kingt y i wiM ion nd .he^nm^o'bcnd ibia oouKie ^oawwaid^. on <«»hich they mmniniously 9greed> tb«l fron tfaeesfliaasted ^tateo^^tbeir^proVisiODs, the number of :sick» and the slate of ^the vesMls, it-was .noti|M>ssible €ape Horn; and^ |thefefere, )tbe only way was )w the £iietHlndies. '''^' (Thirteen dms anet, June the Iffif h, qoi^tSng 1te<$rea- tion fisland, Iba^ discovered a group >iHlieh/ alter ihb jCeptttift of the Tienhoven, was named Bauman*^ Islands; they were pleasantly interspersed with hills and Yillies, and ten or twenty German mil^ in circuit, latitude 13 d<^. 41 min. south. Numbers of native^ 'flocked off to them in boats, neatly made, who exchanged fish, cocoa-nuts, and piaintainsibr beads and oH^ trinkets, the shores also ;being crowded with spectators. In one of the canoes sat a amn to whom 'the other islanders shewed great respect, and by his side ii young woman nearly white; the complexions of ^majority were also but little different from lEuropeans, except wbftt the tan- ning of the sun and constant exposnreb^d' effected. Tktf^y appeared a good Iritad of people, their bodies not painted, but< clothed V« ^''^'■ ;Qaitting ithese,' where Roggewein lroiild^nfor' the ' East-^Itl- diey* they-next day saw >two islands, suppds*ed to'be thiMe Hpf Gocos and «Venralcler 0'inuoD«n'»Doard, tbtt rMkvshmenU were df fl^e utmost importance to their weHhre. Three, four, and five men died daily, and some with th^ir last breath cursed their commander. for not tryiUg to obtam that re- lief which was so near them. July the 18th, saw New-Britain, the people being of a copper-colour, with long black hair, and iipparently of hostile dispositions; .dropped the Mclior at the islands of Moa and Arimoa, where .refre;ihm^||ts .p^))t )l#ve been procured by barter, but Ro|ijs^wein^|^f>pt^d Mije more summai^ method of taking them by jRurce of 0ri¥)4> landing a bolply of .men, cutting down ,t|ie /qoopa-nui- treei, and firinjg; iipoii the natives, w^hout^uy myious quarrel. This track had before been follpi^cd :hy >Le Maire and Schouten, and Tasman, and thegO|C|d.eJflr<|C|ts.<|f their mildness was obvious in thje frieudly/dispositii;^ of the people, till it was foolishly destroyed «by R^ gewein. Pursuing his course westward, he passed between the north-west part of New Guinea and Qilolo. In Seiptei})- ber, he made the coast of Java, and anchored jut Japaiia, where the Dutch East-India Company had a for^, where many of his men were landed, while notice of his arrival was sent to the governor-general atBatavia. AUoge- Iher, they had lost seventy men by sickness* besides .those killed in skirmishes with the natives, and thirty were landed here Roggeweiu, who bad no license frbin the company to come to India, which it seems all ships were, obligied to have, Ought to have avoided their settlements; b^trgoii^g afterwards to Batavia, upon invitation of the governor-|;er neral, his ships were seized, as in the case of Le Mftife and Schouten, (condemned, and the crews distributed in the homeward-bound fleet. In the sequel, the 'Dut0h West-India tCo|i^pa^y ap^ pealed against this decision with full sjucce^s, the £ast« India Company being obliged to refund the«valueof^he vessels seized, and to pay the seamen their ws^ges till thf day of f heir arrival in ^blland. ,/ 'koggewein, therefore, made a few discoveries, but no voyager has-been ^o unfortunate in. not having. a journa* its t to record them properly, or even to aiford correct \ \ ▼OTAOB8 ROUND TBB WORLD. latitudet; longitudes of any aocuncy not being ex- pected. KeitMr himielf nor any one under hit direo- tioni ^ve the narratiTe to the world-, the accounts being principally anonymous, often varying in the circum- stances, as well as contradictory in dates. COMMODORE ANSON.— 1740-44. ^^8 it #ju foreseen, in the latter end of the summer of thfe yearl9te, that a war with Spain was inevitable, it was the opinion of several persons then in administra- tion, thai it would be a stroke of i^dmirable policy to at* tack the enemy in some of her distant settlements, and therebv dieprive her of that treasure by which alone she could be enabled to carry on the war. The squadron under Mr. AnsOn's command consisted of six vessels of war« and two victuallers. These were the Skipt, Centurion Gloucester Severn Pearl Wager Trial SlOop On the 18th of September, 1740, the squadron weighed from St. Helen's. It had been proposed, to. embark three independent companies, of 100 men each, and Colonel Bland, with his own regiment, as commander-in-<;hief of the land-forces; but by some unaccountable infiituatioo, this appointment dwindled into 470 invalids, draughted from Chelsea, and commanded by Lieutenantrcoloncl Cmcherodtf. Mr. Anson made the beat of his way to Mideira,but had the mortification not to reach • it tiU the $5tir of October. On theSd of November, weighed from the island of MadeinI, intending to go to St. Jago» one of thip Cape d« Verd islands; but next day^ when at sea, on considering how lar the season was advanced,^ he altered tl^s resphf tion, and appointed St^ Catherine's, on the.cqMt oftBiatili Cdmmandert, Gmu. Men, George Anson, Esq. 60 40O Richard Norris ^0 30a Edward Legge 60 300 Matt. Mitchell ,40 2fia Dandy Kidd. 28 180 John Murray , 8 100^ thi Th !!:: lio ppi air ■/ 'J ANSON.— 174t« aai to be the first pliee of rendesrous in case of scparttioB. On tibe 16th of December, thcT discoyered the land of Braiil, and, on the evening of the 18tb, cast anchor at the north-west point of the ishmd of 8t« Catherine's. Their first care, after liaving moored their ships, was to git the sick men on-shore, into tents which were erect^I r their reception. The diseased on-board the Centn^ rion amonuted to eighty, nor were their numbers pro- portionably less on-bosrd the other vessels: yet the bnd air was of so little advantace, that the^ buried, twenty- eight from the commodore's ship^ and carried away nine^* six in a very weak condition. Their next employment was to wood and water the squadron, caulk the snips' sides and decks, and secure the masts and rigging asainst tempestuous weather, expected in the voyajge round Cape Horn; the dangers of which were so evident, that Mr. Anson appointed three diilcis. ent places of rendezvous. The firs^ was Port $t. Julian* where they were to be stationed for ten days, and take in salt; the second, the island of Nostra Seiiora del Socoro, there to ply off and op, as long as their store of wood and ^ater would permit; and then to proceed to Juan Fernandez, to take in a fresk supply. Under these orders the squadron left $t. Catherine's, on Sunday,^ the 18th of January. On the 18th of February, came, to an anchor in the bay of St. Julian, on the coast of Patagonia* That part of the southern continent of America unoccu- pied by the Spaniards, extending from their siettlements to the straits of Magellan, called by that name, is remark- able for being one continued chain of downs» covered with long tofts of coarse grass, interspersed with barvea spots, where only gravel is to be seen. The principal matter which detained the squaflron» the refitting of the 'Trial being completed, the commodore het^ a councir of officers on-board the Genturioi}, and in- fbr^Md them that his orders were to secure sosmaportin the South Seas, where the ships in the squadrofi might cffecn and refit; and proposed to attack Baldifia* the prii^^ frontier of Chili; to which every memW con- senting, ne# instructions were given to the cMi^uiis -of the squadrMi, importing that in case of smratiof , thej were to cruise ten days off the island of Nostra pcnom del Socoro; when if not joined by the conunodorc^ they 182 l^OYAGKS KOVND THE \IOBLi>* fveire'to jvocecd tnd cruise 1^n fourteen dayi 9|rtl|e'h|ur- 'bour^mldWift ; after which time, if they ure^e nb^lfrfned bythe other shipt. they w^re to direi;t their covtie to M^tian 'Fei^fi^ndez. Etch captam ^as.at the saine , time ^di- rected iidt to -separate -frometlie Centurion, unles's |^ <^se ^f unavoidable necessity, mpre th^n two mil^s. T^se ordet^'beiti^ issued, the sc^uadron stood to ^ea tm fhCSVIh of 'February in'themorpihg, Whe|i, the .Glou- cester i)dtbliged t6 d^rt her ci)Mc, and 'leave ^her 'b^st bower behind. On the>5rfliof March, dktbvered the^land (t^Terra del f ue^^o, which affoirds a most dreary prospect. Oh the 7tt),ffiiCy Speiied thf ^trajts le Mair<*,.tl\roiigh #hi6h> though seven i ei|fht*iearues'long, they were hurricd'hy the,rapi4it;f of ^;tlicf;tide in Ibopt two 'hours; anin imagination, they had so long feasted. But they had scarcely reac^bed the southern extremity bflbe straits, before these agreeable prospects entir,ely Vanished ; the wind shifted and blew in violent squalls, and ,the tide turned fumusly against them, driving to the eastward, with sudi rapidity, tli^t the two ^terumost vessels, tiie Wager, and the Anna Pink, virfth the utmost i(|ifllicUlty esca)yed being dashed in pieces, bh the shore of ^tiiten-land. '^ *''"F^> above three, tiibfithifr'om this finie they struggled iiifilfh^uch dangers ind distresses as are sdar^ely to be ^J^\le)ed, and had such a COntihiial Succession of tem. '|J»eiituous weather as astonished the bldest sailors pp- board,, who u^animbusW Confessed th^t what they Jiad 'hithertb cklleditoritas ivere incpi|sidenilifie gat^. q^tp- ^^|i^d to the violence of t^ese wihdj;/:^liieh ra|ie|lj|^qh vhbi^ abd mountainous wsives as jfill^d ilbym >^|if^^' ^f^^- ^'hbidWrrbf; forhjid butoiieOfthese>aVesbrol(e.it^iMl, %idi.ptb^tom.'^''^^^ '''OnigbeilBt 6f Aptil^^he w^a^he^, after liaving lie^^^^^ ''fHtle tbbr^ bifOKlente;^ returi^^ 'lA^^hkAf^d dai^ iind gLbbmy. and ih'e'^in^? began to ^&h^ kifd tilo^ in sbiMUs; and appmrkyes w^^^^ ^i^ljSifil^iiMited a^e^ i^aiidj 'ii4%> cbrain^ly, 6n th^ Bd, there ckmc on al storm, which ex- I ■ ■ •re tibfif^ned leir cootie to oleas liiiiase I stood to 4ea ep.the.Gfou- vwasobligied >eliind. On ra del Fuejro, lhe7tV,tb^y though seven lefapi^itVof «incOceaiis, hieir^ugers Id s66l!i %ke ipatiQii, they reacjhed the ;se agreeable :ed and blew HI sly against apidity, tliat i Anna Pink, ed in pieces, -y struggled ar^ely to be $ipn of tern< sailors pp- lat f]ie|y Jrad m. iving ti^'> a *f^,V?e u, began )t,o id: ana ac- , which ex- AnsQiCa Fleet entering the Strait Le Maire. Anson's Tent at Juan Femande-j:. - V- ' \ \\ p eeeded ia violence and duration all t)iey bad bitlieitio encountered* On the l^th they all ejipcG^ted^ 1^ Jlk^if t9^amag, ifk ti ftw days to hpive eigoyed aonie ,«i^ii9 thePiuBipc Ocean; but the next niocning, between i9imt|^ two o' and nmoiintaisous .wave brieakiqg ofvi^r t^i on the atacbofurdtquaiter, ga«e the .vessel so |)rodii^ou« a ffhock, ithat aevaral of the ;shi!oud# were broke, and the balhistapd.Atoreft so strange]^ ishifted, that she lay on heir hurboaxd-aide* The wM at lepgth abating a litt^,ithey jbegan»»fJ^» jp *ei*^ tb«m tw<»ty-(<^r towrs, even at |tlv^ ,^juew%* , ft yfs^ j^e iiMsCprtjW^ pf this vessel tQ he eoot^uiail^ aenton-board ftjiie Qloup^tiec. Th« r^wning owws, whicji^ete^now to he di9!Mr wed i^aiong three ships, amounted .puly^o g^» jt tiumh^r 4nf^u$<;ient to have mftniMtd ^be iC^iitu- ^no^^aloni^, f^ld at rthe ibest scarcely enough ,to woi;^ th^m all. Ahout leleyen in ^he morning of the >pthnof Sciptttm- ber, they di^OOivered n sail; when the .C^uturipn, ,bei|ig in the gfeatcsttA>fwardness,.madeafl|er,her|^.fast.asp08- ifible. Night cuming -^ they lost sight ^f the chaie :«« tlitc Hi sill ^Hri \ . ipd^ntbe Mieilgjtii, »« wlpijd, \k bfigffii* ^nii Pink »d I»€arl, rnjand^, biijttj^is AHgust l^pona unfit for for ,t|»e )-board Q^iiy io ;C^lltU- > tbeipg ^;|J«fv>W io*^11f4l. S8T tlKe lilkt lbbl^(il|^ ddtUd lidt iHs^eHi her fVolii Ofli^t- Hind; Mt kebtdn tf sOuttiHiast coiirlie, iii Ii6pe of sa^s, sUi^tkfsIJg li& bound to tafparaito. Abdtit f tti'ee in tfa^ moridiiig cf the .l^h» » bmk g^le ^Hiildiig lip itt west-so^il^-wes^, obligea them to lie upo^ a tdtm^i^eM tfliclE^ i^liich; at breafc of (fay^.l^rou|H^i''Aeni iirnh^ sllhto/f sail; at about ^v^ l^uet.4isfan^^^ not th^' BtiMe tb^y hii^ s^en before. »iie ajp^^e^ife^ to 1^ a litfe^'^i^lVel, and^ upon, litiUtiiiff ^^j^sh cbfoiiini.. ii^d l>diritii( tdwiirds \^e Centurioli, tbe commoflore owrcd ur fiHr i^<^nf^irf. She' iun'eaiierecl^ at tHi i^re of c|niy & 8teoti;ii^d>^Siii^arez^^t^ wa^ <^'i^d^)^d to talcii pc^^essiQU; Spiff te^ alt jl!be''^)ionei^ on-pbkr^ tVe (^mmQqQ^r'''T^^ ^ cim^ iTu^tnt $raori^ den^ dai'gQ dbiisfsted of sq^r, fslot^ cWo^,, ifi^QJop^^fi'o, liav- injl lils^ on^KMicd* soQie A^^^'^^V ^^n^P^f^hi'pl^e, aind tWchty-th^^ serous of doliu W|eightiur u^^iwas of 2d0 pounds 2lvef(iupois. Itlie ih^ellSgen^ie c^^^^ ^pm th'e pHsoners wfks of the utmost oonsequcaice to t)i^ Eng- lish sliips; (or they now first learned jmr| of the f^te^oi l^iilarras squadron, and also that the V ic^^y of Mep;|Go had Jii^si taken off an embargo, that had .been laid upon flin ^nipij^lng in those seas, supposing. t]iatih(e^Ens}|sK sYjtiadron hjid perished in doubling Cape ^Qrn,"it beipg sdleiy oh their account that the embargQ nad be^n \^. p^. It appearing from tetters on-hoard the prixe^ |hai^ j^e- veral other merchantmen were at sea, betwee^iCfillap^d Valparaiso, the cpmmodori: having put ten of li^^own htods oh-bpard the Trial slpop, sent jb^r to cruise. otf.|Qi!B ra^t-m^ntiPhed port. At the same time, he ordered u|^ tain Bttitchcl, in the Gloucester, to proceed tp,^6^aeg^ souiVratitiide, and cruise oiff the island pfjPaitay^tm'hje should be joined by the Centurion; and he^pu^ on-pcArd her tweiity-three sailors and six passeni:ers'frpm u^ Otrnielp, ^hich was fitted out ^a cruiser,, witp foiur^fij^* pbiindi^fs' aj»d two swivels, llie Centurioi^ JUM h^^ prize w^ghing from the bay of Juan Fen^anoe^^ oip |t|<) Itfth ot September, to^^^ course to the eaiitrard pt^ posing to join the Trial off Valparaiso. 1S8 VOTAGBt ROVND THB WOBLA. '■t 9aUi^24tb,inthe evening, they came npwith thelatleri.' haTineiikena prise of 600 tons burthen, laden with a cargo like that of the Carmelo, with about 5000/. in ready mo- ney. On the 27th, the weatherproying quore moderate, the captain .of the Trial came on-board the Centurion, bnngiQgwith him an instrument, subMsribed by himielf and all hi* officers, setting forth th^ the vessel was so leaky and defectiy<9, that it was at the hazard of their lives they staid on-board; upon which, the commodore hayinfi ordered ;^ery tbi^g that wi|s useful tp be put on- board t1bep>m0' she had tali;en, together wiih Captaas Saunders aii sel.into Paita was the Gloucester; and, as the vessel in which the money was to be shipped was esteemed a prime sailer, they concluded they had no chance of coming npi with her, if suffered to escape out of the port As they were now discovered, and the coast would soon be alarmed, so as to prevent cruising to any ad" vantage^ the commodore resolved to endeavour to sur- prise the place that very night. This attack upon Paita, besides the treasure it promised, afforded a prospect of supplying ihemselves with provisions, of which thev were in ipreat want; and an opportunity of setting their pri» soners on-shore, who were now very numerous, and nmde a greater consumption than their stock was capable of furnishing for any considerable time. The town consists (tf about 200 houses, each one story high, the walls being made of split cane and mud, and the roofs only a cover- ing of leaves. The only defence of Paita was a fort, without either ditch or outwork, surrounded with a brick- wall of small strength, in which were mounted eight pieces of cannon, and the garrison consisted of only one weak company ; though it was thought the town was able to aras 900 men. , T>o prevent, any confusion which might m VOYAGES ROUND THB WORT '>. tD4ie fail guklet on^shoie* When the ships were urSthin Ave leagues of Paita, about ten o'clock at nighty Licute nauft Brett, v^ith the boats under his command, put off, and arrived without being discovered, at the mouth of the bay; tbough be had no sooner entered it, than some of the peoplft on>^board a vessel riding at ancbor there, per- ceived him^ and immediately getting into their boat* rowed towards the shore, crying out, " The English, tfae English ^<^/' SsCi by which tl^ town was alarmed, and the men in the boats could p«rceive several lights^ hurry- ing bacliwaids aiMl forwards in* tlie ibrt, and other marks of the inbi^itaots being in motion. On* this^ Mr. Brett Onqourtiged his men to puH up briskly, and go on-shore before tbc guns could be fired from the fort j when, draw<* ii^ up his men under the shelter of a narrow street, they instantly marched to the parade, a large square at the end of this street, witb drums beating, and loud shouts of joy ; and were there saluted with a volley (Ismail shot, itom some merchants who had posted themselves in a gallerythat ran round tbe governor's house; but, upon the fire beuig returned, they abandoned the post, and left the English in possession of the parade. 'The lieutenant now divided bis men into tWo parties^ one of which he oiKiered to surround the government-houfte, and, if possi- ble, to? secure the governor, while he marched at the head <^ the other to the fort, with an intention to foroe it, but the eneroyiiad made their escape over the walls on his appfoadi> io < fhat^ he entered without' opposition* Thils the town was< taken in less than a quarter of an hour iroin their first landing, with' the loss of one man kiHed and two Wounded. ' c In the interim, the Centurion, and the otbter ships, inaking easy aail towards Paita, opened the bay about seven in the morning, and at twelve came to an ancbor at a' mile and a half from the town. This day and the fol- lowing were spent in sending on- board the treasure, consisting of the most valuable things to be found in tb^ towHi with boat-loads of hogs, fowls^ and other' refresh" mentSi The commodove, to prevetit surpi^iie in the night, sent a reinforcement on-shore, which was posted in all the passages leadkiilf to tha tparadie, while the streets were fortified with barricadoes sir feet high, for b«tt^r se^surit^; but as 4ihe eneiay remained qiriet all night; ihey Mluihal ^N^ON.— «1741« Mi •llwir (fottter^BBployment ^f toadwc mhI scadidf off their iboato cadV'Mi thetraonnng. Tiie^DaiiiMMit'Fiitethiiiig «pietty<«ell over on tlie4lurfl'dayi*tlie ilAtk of Nmuibav (the eofnijWMtofe 'put aH llie prisonefs, oigbty^oight » jiumheriiOn<>thore, agwesblytohisproBiWygivMig^fdctf that theif shottld be teeufedhi one of the oharaMt, tiH -Ihe nen wece ready to embark. Mr. fivett then, ^agreea- -Uy (to set^e to soch houses as^were tO'wiadnptd, he c»iUeQted his ^nen, of whom there was only ioneiuai- sing.andiiuirohed 'iowaids ^le boats, • which were .ready •to carry >them off. ^ey were just qnifttittg the iieaoh, ,and tlie kst >man was adaally embarked, when ulbey heard the voice of 'a person intreatiag 'them to take thim on-board, for bythia time fthe beach was so covered with smoke 'that 'they could not discern any one, when one^ofithe^boats admnoingto the place whence theisouad issttidjribuBdtthe'manvWbMn they had missed, up tOitbe idhin in 'Water, having waded at far as he durst, as he 'OOiiId'no'l^swim.'and -excessively -terrified lest he thoutd fall into the hands of the enemy. ^bey weighed >anchor from the coast of Paita, about (Widnigot, oi»thef(l9th>of Noveariber, the squadron being ilncreaaed 4o six teail, fthat is, Ccntuf ion, llie Trial's ipnze,tthe!Gavmelo,ibe<€«i-min,ithe Teresa, and the Soli- >d«d. *fVhey sloodito the^westwavd,'and^in themorain|^ iitiiecommcndoffeordesed the ships to spread to a«conN- tierable idistaiiee, in -order to look out for the Gloucester, •for they itben dvcw near the station where she had been V ordered to cruise. On the morning of the 18th, they discovered her, with a small vessel in tow, which joined th«n about three in the afternoon, when they learnt that ■'CaptainrMitohelhe4 taken two priaes, one of which was « snow, (Whose cargo consisted of wine, brandy, and •lives, and about 7000/. Jn^^fbie; and the other was a launch, the ^people i outboard v>vHiich, when taken by the ^OWttCestcf ^iMmiei. were at « dinner, vserved up in silver dishes. «JWotwi||hatandM!ig .thisctcifcumstanoe, the priion- M 142 fOYAOBS BOUND THI WOftLO, en alkged that they were very poor: hamg nothing on* board, out cotton made up in jara, which, Ming remoted on^-board the Glouceiter, were strictly exammed, when the whole appeared to be a very extraordinary piece ol false package ; there 'being concealed aaiong the cotton, doubloons and dollars, to the amount of 13,0001. Thc^now steered, for Quibo, an island \sitttated in the mouth of the Bay of Panama; and the conunodore pro- posed, after they had siipplted themselves with watei^ to steer for |be southern parts of California, or the adjacent coast.of Mexico, there to cruise for the ManiUa galleon, which was known to be at sea, on her way to Acapulco; mndas it was now. only the middle of November,^ and the ship did; not usually arrive till the middle of Jannaiy, tbey did not doubt of getting on that station time enough to intercept her. They were eight sail in all, but the Solidad and the Santa Teresa being bad sailers, and de- laying the rest of the. squadron, the commodore -ordered them to b^ cleared of every thing useful, and then burnt; and, having given proper inst-ruction to the Gloucester and the other vessels, the Centurion held on her way for Quibo# On the 9d of December they eame in sight of it* This island is extremely convenient for wooding and watjering, as trees grow close to high-water mark, and a lipid stream of fresli'>water runs over the sandy beach into the sea; so that in two days the Centurion was able to lay in a sufficient stock of these articles. < ^ On the 12th of December, they stood from Quibo to the westward, having scuttled and sunk the last priie, and being joined by the Gloucester, which having spru^ -' her fore-top- tden kHgues to the W«t.#aNl, «s«iMt breSks ao violfiitly, that it it liiapdisibte to hmd Mik bofttb'^ti any part» ryel the grouad isso den, tliAt xkrifls the iiiir •ieoton ibips mogr anchor in ffveatMifetyv flft 'the Pittance •of a jnik or i two fponi the ihore^ Ai tbo «oiiairy 'a|»- peared *to. be v#ell'irfiahited« the commodore had liopei to bnveeaiiilyipvooared some freih ptoTiiitai, and'onier refrtjfiimeBisj'M^ whiphitheywere in want; .and, therelbre, on the taohiihg after hie ootaing to an midhor, diipatchcid a company of forty meo, #eU • armed, into> tile «oiiniry, to try if they coold? duooreriany town cipoidcocei»d(h the'hihaJbitanti.' li^[Me'iita4iiv- i«f praeeeded fibont An mileifronfctbe'iMrboutilbiind two roadt, kadiii|p ehal and^west^ chueing the^totMr, they marched; abn| i. beaten !tratk, «whicfa led ^ bis .hand ; 'bat < the< hm&t earting at the; glitttitrii^ o£«faeiri armJB^ turned iMdenly Tonndiandtran awkiyaUaigneiit rate; : the ^minibeiug very near unhorsed^ ^dudtoppihg -hig hat andipirtdl on tthe tgroond, The saildr« in 'vain spursued^ to discorer the pbceof his netreat;ftiU(qk]itc wearied out, «nd finding no water fO quenchntb^ir- (thirst, ^turned. As il: now ap- |»eared. they; lladi-not inore hands than were i neces- sary tQ'man^»fpur*h-mte)manH>f-waV', it >was resolved to s^u,ttk and >^estiMiy')lhe Triil's priae, the Garmelo^ and thie Garmul, and toffdividto their crews^and the richest jlartetf their. -eargoesv ^between the @eiitnrion were>advh»tiidimd ifindfbg^fiiothngfcif )tite cutter, M^. Aoiaii $oflK it!f9(: (SF^^^ tJmiM ww M^fii, and carriied into tde port; m^f^^ Ib^if^far^ Wfffl^ fhPqfJM letter ta the gov^rflor. req^<«ti|^^, bu^ t^(|eUy$Qii ^^ M^^^ Hiigbef and dispeople; 9od> il^returii, pi:Qo^iil|ig tf^ m^', lease all. the Spaiiish pri9PD«r^ qa,w in. iu9 h»D||9i», «Qi«f|. of wboD were people qf fii^nce. While waiting for an answer, to thi# let^r,, th« fci^r tinel from t^e mnpt^fafsj c^|l«i ps^% tfa#^ he m^w a^ hfWl. under fail, at a considerable distance tO |1^^ noutb^'^Ml; and on their approach thiey ijon^f to ,their grea^ JQ^^it was theif own*. Qnitting now th^^OWt !: ot* AmAV^fif^ they, t^tof^ for' Chin^ the 6^^ of Mfi^« X%4Si, lini st^i:^ ov^f to th^ south^w^st, with a yi^,^^ t|te 15th of Aii^us^, and the^ 9et,Qn,$;r^, heip*; i^<^ logger filt for any purpose; th? ^in^3 f|iiMli|; HP«(n ^ec f[?<^u.f41y, and her au^i8goin||f ojton^.py oiiLe^ as th^ Qftaie^ rf «(p)v^d th^ni^ tiU:,at ItsQgMiA abPMiV ?W i». t.H>»o?wn§,, ;shs blew up, On the 23d of A.ug;u8t, at day-breaV, they l^a^ the pleasure of 4ifcov^r^n^ two i^janijs to the w^iitwa^cl* ^?^ th^ next morninjj^ a thijfdl,; on wtj^ich t;n<;}r boat wa^ dis-^ patched to on^ of t^^in. Ayhicli rfitnm^d in the ^vfebing^ with an acconnt that the^ <;onI4 find no anfhoiliog- On the 26th, lost sight of Annataoan, hut n^^ott nior|iish colours, with a ted Am a.t. the fbre-tpip^mast head, in hope tfiat by giving their snip the appeairancf oi th^ Afanilla galloon, they migiit decoy some of tj^e inhabitants pn-hoard. A 3paniavd who. came pff, beip^hnraediately exan^ined, said, thatthfii^lan^, was uninhabiited, npt,withstandii|g which, it wantc^ bnt ^w of the accommodations that cpuld Vq i^xp^oted in( the mpst cnltivat^ country. That the ^^ ymj good, ^dtheriB was plenty pf excellent water, , I^ th^ wopdf ^fjird^.s^sfij^fi^ and sour orange?, Ijfn^s. icifjfins, 246 YOYAGBS BOUND THE WORLD and cocoa-nuts in great abundance; besides a fruit pe« culiartu these islands, which served instead of bread; and that hogs, poultry, and black cattle ran wild in pro- digious numbers. That the Spaniards at Ouftm miide use of it as a store for supplying the garrison, of which he was a serjeant, and was now sent thither with twenty- two Indians to jerk-l^eef, which he was to load for Guam, on-board a bark of fifteen'/ tons, which was then at an- chor near the shore. Next tuoming, a party of men, well armed, were sent on-shore to secure the landing-place^ which was done without difficulty, as the Indians were fled into the woods. They found many huts, which say^d them the trouble of erecting tents ; and the largest of these, beine twenty feet Idngand fifteen broad, was immediately fitted up as ^n hospital, to which they removed the sick, amountifig to 128. Tinian lies in 15 deff. 8 min. north latitude, about twelve miles lone, and six broad, and is One of the La- drone islands, which, altogether, are upwards of tweuty in number. The soil is every where dry and healthy; the land rises in gentle slopes to the iAiddle of the island, though the general course of its ascent is often inter- rup^d by vallies of an easy descent, many of which wind irregularly through the country. Tnese vallies, and the gradual swellings^ of the ground, occasioned by their different combinations, were most elegantly diver- sified by the miutual encroachment of woods ana lawns, which bordered on each other, and ran in large tracts through the island. The cattle, of which it is not uncommon to see herds of several hundreds feeding together in a large meadow, are all of them milk white, except their ears, which are generally brown or black; and, though there are no in- abitants, yet the clamour and frequent appearance olf domestic poultry, which range the woods in great num^ hers, perpetually excites the idea of the neighbourhood of farms and villages, and greatly contributes to the cheerfulness and beauty of the place. They likewise found abundance of wild hogs, which were excellent food ; but as they were a fierce animal, it was necessary to shoot them, or hunt them with lareedogs, which they found upon the place at their landing, and which be» ANSON. — 1742. %4r longed to the detftchment sent to procure provisions for tbc garrison at Guam. The bread-fruit above-mentioned, which the Indians call , rh^may, was constantly eaten by the Centurion's i)eople instead of breads and $o universally preferred to It, that none of the ship's bread was expended during tbeir stay on the island. It grows on a lony tree, which, towards the top, divides into large and spreading branches; the leaves are of a deep green, notched about the edges, and from a foot to eighteen inches in length. The fruit, which is found indifferently on all parts of the branches, is in form nearly oval, is covered with a rough rind, is generally seven or eight inches long, each grow- ing singly, and not ill. clusters. This isknd was for- merly well peopled, but a contagious sickness having, about iifity years ago, swept away almost all the inhabit- ants of Guam, Rota, and Tinian, the Spaniards com- pelled the survivors on the two last islands to remove to Guam, where they languished after their native island, till in a few years the greatest part died of grief. - On the night of the 22d of September, when it was ex- cessive dark, the wind blew from the eastward with such fury, that those on-board despaired of riding out the storm. At this time Mr. Anson, who was ill of the scurvy, and most of the hands were on-shore, and all the iio|)es of safety of those on-board seemed to depend on putting immetliately to sea; all communication between the ship and the island being destroyed, as it was im- possible a boat could, live* About one o'clock a strong gust, attended with rain and lightning, drove them to sea, where, being unpre- pared to struggle with the fury of the winds and waves, they expected each moment to be their last. When at duy-break, it was perceived by those on-shore that the ship was missing, they concluded her lost, and most of them begged the commodore to send the boat round the island to look for - the wreck. In the midst of their gloomy reflections, the commodore formed a plan for ex- tricating them from their present situation ; which was by hauhng the Spanish bark ou'shore, sawing her asun- der, and lengthening her twelve feet; which would en- large her to near forty tons burthen, and enable her to carry them ail to China. *m VOYAGES' SODND tHB WORL0. Tlil« ttafpiHsittrg of tbe Ofooecsteif and 'Prial tbrtu- nately were both on-shure with their chest of tools; the s«tf«h also y/tt9 oh-sbore With bis forge, and several o. hi# itt;|^ement8 of trade. And it, wtfs now found on ex> amintttion, that the tenfs o^t-sbore, with the sdiis and rig- ging belonging to the bsrk, and the spare cordage which hiMl been accidentaify landled front the Centurion, ivould b«8ttffidentlo^new^rigtli^ vessel; the bottom of which th^y p^roposied to^ pay with a mixture of tallow and Bnt n itkMt di^eoifi^ragiiig circuinstflfnce now oitcured, wktih wa«, flttt ^Htf had tfeithtf dompatss nor quadrant on the ishind. At l^^b, on rnnniiaging a chest belong- ing to the S)»aniBAf bArM, they found a small compass, wftidh tboKigh net much supetioi* to those made for the amUfiement of scbool-boys, was to them of the utmoft yartoe. Whi^n l9iese several obstacles ivere removed, and alt things w«^e so forward that they had fixed on the 5th of November as the day on in^bicb they intended to put to sen, it happened on the afternoon of the 11th of Oc- tober, that one of the Gloucester's men being upon a hill saw the Centurion at a distance; who, running with th^ utmost speed towards tbe landing-place, he, in the way, saw soine of his comrades, to whom be cried out in gf tWtfser MhinisjMlNit if the smaU islibts and rocks are eouiited^ tk^ir whole nuntlter w^U amowwt tO' above twcot^. Tkey were formeirty well inhabited, and about ^e begwimg^^f tke wresent cen- tury, Guam, Rot^, and Tinian, are iaid to have eon* tained abiive 50,000 iieopld|^ieoiEb or efini^oB ii^r t^^ sea-shorel The Spanish > tr0(ips t^nployed 'her^ ^ consist of three companies of foot, ^between Itkrt^ and filly men ea^b. .'■' '' ■ • '•" '^t v^ .''W'w) :.! •-"' - The Indians are u sitfoiB|,f bold, wel|-*«Mide people, and < from some of their pcactices, |p»rtic!ularty tbe contriv- ance of the ilying peoa^ seem to be tno wnvs defisbtive in undersiandingt These flying ptoas;iwbion for ages post ba|/et, whilst tbje wiindward-iside is bnflt rduridmg.in the manner of other vessels ; and to prevent ker otversetting, which from her small breadth, and.?the straight nui of her leeward^sido would Otberwisie infallibly happen/there is a fianle Ifid out frotu her to windward, to the end «>f #hioh is iAa* tetied a hollow log, ^fashioned into the shape of a boaf. The weight of the frame is intended to- ballance thie M 5 1 V 950 VOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD. V prjb«» and the small boat, which is always in the water, Js to prevent her oversetting to the windward. The body is formed of two pieeet joined end- ways, and sewed to- gethfr with bark, for there is no iron used in her con- struction. She is about two bches thicic at the bot- tom, which attlie gunwhale ib reduced to less than one. iXheproji usually .carries six or seven Indians; two ot which i«re pladedbtih. the head and 'stem, who steer the vessel alt^iiMlely with a paddle, according to the tack she goes on, he i in the stem beins the steersman; while the other Indians are employed m balling out the water which she ' accidentally 8hips> or in setting aud trimming the sail. '! Having doubled; the southern extremity of Formosa^ as they were passing. by the rocks of Vele Rete, th^re was an outcry of fire on the fore-^castte^ ofi which tl^e whole icrew instantly flocked 'together in the «itmos€ con- fusion; so that the officers were for some time unable to reduce them to order; which, however, being at length efiected, it was perceived that the fire proceeded from ,^e bricks in the ^nace being over-heated; whitlh had eonuminicated the fire to the acHaeent wor the elitertainment of the genera! of the galleon.'V , q y - j On the last day of May« new Stilts the^ came in si^hl of Cape<]Bspiritu Santo, where they continued to cruizi^ till the 30th of Juiie, old style, when about sun-rise the long-exp^ted ves^fl came in sight,.: hiving the standard of Spain ilying at the top-gallant-mas( head, and to the f i52 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. commodore's great surprize, bore down upon him, for he could hardly believe, what afterwards appeared to be the case, that he knew his ship, and vtras resolved to fight him. llbe engagement soon began, and lasted an hour and a oallT, when t)ie galleon struck to the Oentu- Him, nfter having baci sixty-seven men killed and eighty- Ibiir wouddedi amoiig whoin was the general| Don Jero- iitiDo de AloQteid^ a rortuguese gentleman, who acted with the ttbiibst bravery. The Centurion had only two kiAed and seventeen wounded, all of whom» except one. afteirwarcis recovered. The great slaughter on-bre received this shocking intelligence without any apparent ^moiioi>, an^ taking care not to alarm his peo- ple, gave the necessary orders for extinguishing the fire, wlych was soon done, though its first appearance Wat very terrible. The comhiodofe appointed the Manilla- vessel to be a post-ship in his ms^jestjy's service, and gave the com- mand of her to Mr. Bauniarez, his first lieutenant; and heaving taken prr>ner measures for securirig.the prisoners, whose number ^ greatly exceeded those of Ins own peo- ple, he steered back tor the river of Canton. . On the l4th, the Centurion cast anchor short of Bocca Tigris, torming the mouth of that river; and here they were visited by the mandarine, who commanded the forts at Bocca Tigris, to enquire what the ships were, and whence they camel aiid to take an account of Mr. im, for he red to be ^solved to fasted an he Centtt> nd eightj- Don Jero- iivho acted i only two Kcept one» on-board ent marks- le engsgc* shot iSty n i^gnoia y-six guns aroes^eacli ball. Her s on-board, ts, they at t their joy larming ac- , than one ^ngratulate tturion was iThe com- ithout any :oi his peo« Dg the iire, urauce Wai is«l to be a the com- enant; and i prisoners, } own peo- rtof Bocca here they landed the jhips were, mut of Mr. Vinson's IVatering-place at Tinian. The Centurion engaging the Galleon, m )\ Aiisofi'i.iWce, which he was to send to the governor of Caiiton. While he remained in this eitv, a fine broke out in the suburbs. On the first alarm, llfr. Anson went, with his dfiie^rs and boafs crew, to give his assistance* and /outtd that the fire had begun in a sailor's shed, and that bf the sliehtness of the buildings, and the awkwardne^ of the Chinese, it was getting head apace; but observing that it was running along a wooden cornice, which Mated fiercdy, and would soon' conmunicate the fiame ton cottsiiKrable distance, he >i^dered his people to begin with teiirmg awav* that Cornice;, bnt iit. Anson was tn«> formed, that as there was no ipandarine there, who iWtit has power to Command on these occasions, the Chinese would make him aMwe^ble fbr Whatever ^^s puHcd down under his directions; wherenpon he ordered his people to desist, and sent them to the English factory to assist in taking cikre of the Gompanjr's treasure and ef- fects. The Chinese contented themselves with viewing the fire, and holding one of their idols near it, which they seemed to expect sfcookt'^check its progress. At length, a mandarine came, attended by four or five hun- dred firemen, who made some leeble efbits to pull down the neighbouring houses; but by this time, the fire baing greatly extended, bad got tnMmg the merchants war^- houses; and the firemen wanting both skill and spirit^ were incapable of checking its violence, so that it was feared the whole city would be destroyed. In this con- fusion the viceroy w^ent thither, and immediately sent to beg Mr. Anson's assistance, who was told he might taka what methods he thought proper to extinguish the con- flagration. On this, the commodore went a second time, taking with him about forty of his people, who exerting them* selves with the agility and boldniss peculiar to sailors, soon put an end to the fire ; and as the buildings were most of them on one floor, and the materials slight, the 'men escaped without any other injury than a few incon- siderable braises. The 80th of November beil^ at length appointed for Mr. Anson's visit to the viceroy, be wail attended A-om the outer gate of the city to the great parade before the emperor's palace, where the viceroy . resided, by a guard of !l0e aoldiers ; and in the parade 2^ VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. he found a body of troops, to the number of 10,00a, drawn up under arms, and making a fine appearance, being all new cloathed on the occasion. The Centurion got under sail on the 15th of October, 1743, and on the 3d of January came to an anchor at Prince's Island, in the straits of Sunda, and continued there till the 8th, taking in wood and water, when she weighed and stood for the Cape of Good Hope, where, on the 11th of March, she came to an anchor in Table Bay. Mr. Anson continued here till the 3d of April, 1744, when he put to sea, andL oii the 19th of the month, was in sight of the island ^ St, Helena, but did not (ouch at it. I ' ., On the 12th of June tnay got sight of the Lizard, and on the evening of the l4U|, to their inexpressible joy, came safe to an^^hor at Spithead. On his arrival Mr. Anson lenrnt, that under cover of a thick fog he had run through a Fii'euch fleets which was at that time cruizing in the chops of the channel. ^ COMMODORE BYRON.<-.1764-65-69. ^ JjlIS late majesty having formed a design of prosecut- ing discoveries in the South Seas, was pleased, in the year 1*3^4, to give orders for carrying this design into execution;, in. consequence of which, the Dolphin and Tamar ships^of^wai* were fitted, manned, and victualled for this expedition. Mr. Byron was commander-in> chief, and Captain Mouat had the honour ^i coiimiantember they came to an anchor in the road of Rio-de-Janeiro, on the coast of Brazil, when the commodore paid a visit to the governor, who re- ceived him in state* Fifteen guns were fired in honour of the English flag; and the governor afterwards re- turned the commodore's visit on-board the Dolphin. They weighed anchor on the 16th of October, and, on the 82d« the commodore informed the crew they were not bound, as they thought, directly to the East-Indies, •YBON -1794 1^5$ .000» mce, Dber, or at inued n she rhere, rable .\pril, kontb, d not lizard, sssible arrival fog be it time >8eciit- in the n into m and Itualled Ider-in- limaol«ib<>iits. On the 10th of November, after experiencing lome bad weather, they steered for Cape Blanco, shaping their course agreeable to the chart of it laid down m Anson's voyage. On the 20th saw Penguin Island, and as Port Desire was said to be a few leagues to the north-west, a boat was sent out, which found it. On the 2tst they entered the harbour, and the commodore in his boat, at- tended by two other boats, went to sonnd it. He landed, and found the country all one continued down, having neither shrubs nor trees. They had a sight of four Masts, near thirteen hands high, and in shape like a deer, which they took to be guanicoes* Os the 5th of December the ships got under sail, and, during that and the following day, nad pleasant weather and a fine gale. Thev now steered for Pepys' Isle, which is described as lying in 47 deg. south latitude, but it could not be found. On the 20th ran close in^shore to Cape Virgin Mary, and having observed a smoke on-shore, and a number of guanicoes feeding in the vallies, they came to an anchor. The commodore observed a number of men on horse* back, riding to and fro, opposite the ship, and waving something white, which he took to be an invitation to land; and, as he was anxious to know what people these were, he went in one boat with a party of men well armed; the fiist lieuunant, with a separate party, follow- ing in another* When they came near the shore, the whole appeared to amount to 600 persons, drawn up on a stony point of land that ran £ir into the sea. Though the commodore did' not observe they had any weapons, he made signs to retreat a little, which they readily did, and kept shouting^ery loud while the crew were landing. Mr. Byron' now advanced alone, but as be ap- proached, the Indians retreated; he, therefore, made signs that one of them should come forward, which was complied withi. 'The person who advanced appeared to be a thief, aiid was vei^ near seven feet in height; round one of hift^es was a circle of black pahit, and a white circlerouna^ the other; the rest of his face was pitinted in streaks of various colours. He had the skin Ike VOTAGBt ROUND THE WORLD. df « beast, witii the hair inwards, throwva over liis shoul- d«n. . Tbtt coMBodore and the Indian bavin| compli- mented each other, m Iftoguage equally uninteiiigible to either, they walked together towards the main bod^ of MiaQa, 6w of whom were aliorter than the height nbovementioned, and the women were large io propor- tion. On the 21at mi Deoenber they began aailiog up the Strait of liageHan, with a view to> lake in a stock of wood and water. On Ibe S6tb afeeered ibf Port Famine, Md came to an anchor close to tlie ahore, the next day at noon. Im this place, Ihoy found drifi^wood enough to have supplied a thousaisd vcaaels. Tkc comoii^oie went four milea up Siodger fiiver, bul^conld proceed no farther, the tree# whioh had Mhtn across the stream im- pedine the boat's way. Some of these were ao large, that M>ur men joined hayd^ift^hand coM not eucUse them; and, amoi^ the rest, the pepper-tree was found. , These woods abound in pamota, and other beautiful birds. The quantity of fish that was daily taken was equal to the supply of both the crews; and the commo- dore shot as many geese and ducks as furnished several tables besides his own. Both ships having taken in aufficient wood and water by the 4ik of Jauuai^, 1366, thev sailed at four o'clock in. the morning in quest of Falkland's lalands; but the •wind oying away, mtat obliged to come to ftn aochojr the .day cks, ou which were great .numbers of bicde. On the . 14trb tbey saw a flat island, .covered with tufts of grass as large as bushes; jknd, .on -the following day, the commodore sent a boat from teach ship, to examine an opening which had the appearance of an harbour; which being discf^vered, they stood in for kin the Afternoon^ and found it excellent beyond their most sanguin&hopes. . Soon after this they entered another harbour, to which Mr. Byran gave the name of Port Egmont, from the title of tlie nobleman at that time First Lord of die .Admiralty. This harbour; is repre- BYBQN.--176&. a&7 wnted to be tli* finest in the world, and capacious enough to contain the whole navy of England, in fiili se- curity; there is plenty of fresh water in every part of it; andt geese, ducka^ snipes, and other edible birds, abound in such' numbers, that the sailors were tired with eating them. The commodore ] was once unexpectedly at- tacked by a sea'lioB, and eitricated himself from the impending danger with great difficultv ; they had many battles with this animal, the killing of one of which was fre<)iKttlly an hour's work for six men; one of them alard, the In- dians Instantly ran to th«^ir ai sistan€e, and tearing up th« LD. imagination, h side, which rith perpetual in a boat, io returned with veen the ship ley might an- on every tack, ground to be on-board was night, during in unremitting n a few hours % prodigious lich had been d with an ac* r of tliem very y escaped be- the parting of rhe Dolphin, !nt her proper for the nignt ; 1. The winds lea, and carry I dreadful sea rocks, witba did not part ihed in pieces of April, in a ig to take in ;re, several of )n which sig- but as they id distributea likewise di- surprised to d, not one of permission : I grass, ifor a oard, the In« »ring up the Byron attacked by a Sea Lion. Byron a short near Cape Upright, I e t e ¥ 2 tl tl Vi n • It CI i\ 0] •a 4' o' 9< d< th th di ICJ BTSON.— 1765. 259 t *•■ gnis in Imrge qotntities, soon filled the boat On his retuni, they followed in their canoe till they eame near the shin, at which they gazed with the most profound astonislinient. Four were at length prevailed on to go on-board; and the conuDodore, with a view to their di' version, directed one of the midshipmen to play on the violin, while some of the seamen danced; the poor In* dians were extravagantly delighted; and one of them, to testify his gratitude, took his canoe, and fetching some red paint, rubbed it over the face of the musician ; nor could the conimo They sailed iirom this bay on the 7th, and next day again encountered very bad weather, as it rained and snowed, while the wind blew a hurricane. On the 9th, passed some dangerous rocks, which in Karborough's Voyage are called the Judges, and on which the surf beats with prodigious violence. This day, contrary to expectation, a steady gale at south-west carried them at the rateof nihe miles an hour, so that by eight in the evening they were twenty leagues from the coast, on which they had encountered so many perils. On the 26th, the^ sailed westward, bearing away for the island of Masauiero, which they were within seven leagues of the same evening. : The next day they bore away for the north of the island, and then lay-h^y for the boat9, which had been sent to sound the eastern>side, but could not land for the violence of the surf. The boats return* ing, brought a number of fine fish, which had been caught with the hook and line: and the officer reporting that he had found a bank where they might anchor, and opposite to which was plenty of fresh- water; they made sail for this bank, on which they anchored at seven o'clock on Sunday morning. The island ibounds in goats, many of which were killed and sent on-board, and deemed equal in flavour to the finest venison. One of the goats had his risht ear slit, so as to make it evident that some person had caught him, given him that mark of diitlnotion, and let him go again. Various sorts of excel* Itnt fiih were now so plen^, that they could oatch suffix 360 VOTAGEA lUOVHIl TWI WOBLD cient to subtly %ht ifkote caraw txm dtiym, }n tkhmhoHMSy wiHi;h«ialc;andjliiiC}Oiil(jrL .h> x i i>')i.'.H Tbcy sniltdi oa th«aflhipv For many da^jrs after tbnyt stem gngat auiwhetiiof. bur«i»/y aatl, on the7thi of JunfvtIiKOwred laail^ beuigf tlien inr 14 deg. 5 min. soMth latitiidif^ aiid^1i44«cl«g^ dB-mni. west) longitude. Ths: eoaunodoce: steeittd Cor aaoiaJl isi^adv the apfMOf anoe olvviUob was iileasing beQi(Qnd.cx|Nicaaion> being aanroundad h/f a beam of &ia < wUte) aaad, and covered wilhi Ii^fty^^ twca,. whish: cxtf oding tfiei* shade to a eontidemUe diatancsi and having na undferwood, formed thB:mQSt:elegant gNMea that the imagination oa» conceive. Several of the natives mob a^pfMascd^ having long spcara in llieir hands, who mada large, fiies, which were answered li^ ^ptraaponding fires ott urn island l|> windwards A.lNMttwaa8«uitoloekiotttforaniaiic|UMiiB^ place» but none was to^ be £^uiid. At this tkne maiiy^ of the besdi hand* WOPS ooalBQed to thsiRhaouBochs with the scurvy;, whils. these who were^ able tP keep the dceb; lookedi aind langiuishedfoi those invigorating^ delicacies which were unhapipUy btyond their reaieh. "FtiesheUsol turtle were strewed aloAg the sbore^ and they beheki numbers of cocoarniiAs, to the siUk of which fruit the scurvy seldom faiils to yield. The inhabitants ef this island kept »-breaat! of tibe ship, daacing ^nd shouting^: they sometimes shook tfaeis spears^ and.then falling baok^ wards, lay motiealcsi, es^ if dead, which was. understood to be a threat of desttuction te such as should presume to land. They likewise fixed two spears in the sand, on the top ef which were fosliened sometkings which waved in tbe air: before these they kneeled^ and appeared as if invoking the assistance of.theDeiiy against the supposed invaders* ^he conueodisre was tempted, from its ap- pearance, to saU. BOimd the island; while he was doing which, be agsifli! sent eat boalsto sotiod; on which the natives made a most hideous outcry* took iqi^end ba» lanced large stoaesi in theis hands, and pointed to tbeiv spears. The sailors, on the contrary, made evevy possU ble sign ef friendship throwing bresd and othss thines on-sbore; which they would not touch, but fstived to the woods, dragging their canoes aftirr thsoi> : ^ vrEafNi-^1964« •T itai 9p* doing hthe i b». tbeiv ppsai-i hmmt •i to l^he iMito iM¥i«rMp<>rttntft4tr«e. Hhe ioolives iigain mn to the baad^ vnntd ^witli ololis mid >tpear8, ttSifigitfai^MteBiigigtstKiei^ 0[9ieeomiiNxbre4buhicMi- tMfi-#lfdt wlierllleir bedda^'om #hich tb^y fctvcated do the «fn)od». "Hite 'boats hafvinf been again sent'oat, Tetmned with «in ac<;wnit ihat 'Ho )aticKi||>^lace found ; •ota^lviiieh Mr. Byron named thUtporadise lin afppeavance the f SL'Ai«D« OF DiSAPPOiNTMSNT. Quitting these on by akiad '^of officer, wfaoioatfiad 'A |>ole, ontwiiiohiitas lastcned a 'piece of natj 'rangadthematif e»up tO(!lhe waistsin »waler, making a !hideQlas^w^sc,l tilt they irere jainad by a mun. • %ev'of large eaaoes ifhiith (Cane dbamtthe lake. lAt^ this ''tiaie« two 'bdttt8>wtre«iMXt n»teaxehidfiiOundings, ai|d rtbe ''Crewsidf them making>«v«iiy)posaiUe •sign ofrfrioncbb^, tisome of the canoes amw (towards th^n> ^lilit>with a^vtew nto hantthe boats onshore: seicral n' he liMir leagues. The natives pursued *hem in two large dbal»le oaaoes, an each of^wfaichwere boiit thirty ( arflMd) men. At tUs time tbei jboats were at coanderiMe way :to kfward«f tiieiships, and were ^262 VOYAGES SOVND THB WORLD. chased by the canoes; on which the commodore making a signal, the boats turned towards the Indians, who in- stantly pulled down their sails, and rowed away with great rapidity. As no refreshments could be obtained, owing to the violence of the surf, the commodore returned to his for- mer station at the inlet, and again sent the boats in search of an anchoring-place. A number of the Indians were on the spot where he had left them, and were loading some large canoes, most probably to attack the boats ; on which a shot was fired oyer their heads, and they instantly ran away and secreted themselves. The boats returned in the evening, with a few cocoa-nuts ;r and in the morning were sent out again, with all the invalids who were able to go in them. The commodore went on-shore this day, and saw many Indian huts, which were covered with the branches of the cocoa*nut-tree: they were mean bulld- ogs, but finely situated among groves of lofty trees. The men went naked ; but some women were seen, who wore a kind of cloth from the waist to the knee. The shore abounded with coral, and the shells of large pearl-oysters, and it is probable a valuable pearl-fishery might be e«^ab- lished here. There were many dogs in the huts, who kept barking constantly till our adventurers went on-board. On the 12th of June sailed to another island, and as they coasted along it, the natives, armed as those of the other islands, kept even with the ship for some leagues. They frequently plunged into the sea^ or fell on the sand, that the stirf might break over thefUj to cool and refresh themselves. The boats being near the shore, the crew made signs that they were in want of water; on which the iiatives pointed farther along the shore, where, when the boats arrived, they saw a number of houses, and whi- ther they were followed by the Indians, many more of whom joined them at this place. The boats having got close, in shore, and the ships lying at a small distance, a venerable old man, with a white beard, advanced from the houses to the beach, attended by a young felkw. Having made a signal for the other Indians to retire, he came forward to the edge of the water, pressing his beard to his breast with one hand, and holding a branch of a tree in the other. He now made a kind of musical ora- n, during which, the people in the boat threw him [>re making us» ^ho in- f with great ring to the 1 to his for- its in search idians were )adingsoine (; onwhich . astantly ran returned in :he morning D were able ►re this day, red with the mean build- trees. The I, who wore The shore earl-oysters, jht be e«»*ab- ts, who kept on-board. ind, and as Ithose of the •me leagues, on the sand, and refresh |re, the crew on which here, when les, and whi- {any more of having got |l distance, a anced from >ung fellcw. ;o retire, he ig his beard branch of a lusical ora- thrcw him Byron's peoplti bringing mff" the Saiior who could not twim. " <%9^'< ,v'.-. Bv'OH at King George's Sound. BYRON. — 1166, 263 tome trifliac presents, which he would neither take np» nor permit his attendant to touch, till he had finished his harangue, when he walked into the water, and throwing the branch to the boat's crew, he retired, and picked up their presents. Most of the natives having complied with a sign made for them, to lay down their arms, one of the midshipmen swam ashore; on which they flocked round him, admirinehis clothes; as his waistc dressed in a jacket and trowsers, and aifoided exquisite diversion. He de- vouredh some biscuit with great eagerness, and having -played the batffoon some time, made prize of hit ne\ir dress, by jumping over the side of the ship, and swim- ,ming :to bis companions. Several others now swam to'the •«bip, and running up the side to the gun-room ports, com- »mitled eome 'petty theft, swimmine off with their booty with surprising expedition. These Indians are of a bright copper, with regular and cheerful features, and are tall '>and well made. Their hair, which is. long 'and bkidk, is either tied in three knots, or in a large bunch behind. Their ears were bored, and doubtless bad worn 'heavy ior- i^aments in them, as soaw were drawn down almost to .^beir shoulders: their ornaments ; were isheHs stmng ^tp- >attdiaicck; ilnit Iheywere «ttheniiae naked. One of Ihem^'wliaaeemed :tD botof-soase raiik,.wore a string ofihutann> teethirMHid I hia waists Some carried a loagspear^ tie isides aftwhieh, for the length «f three *feet, were stuck witL the iteeth ^of the ihark, which are as heen as a nifeoT. Some cocoa- nuts being shewn, thern^ and signs n^ide that more wtere wanted, they endeavoured to steal those, iasteadofdiTect- ingi where more; might be riband, it' . h«i < k-? ,> The officers named this place IB^n^lnand, in honour of the oommodore. ilt lies in l.kieg.tl8;inin. south lali- tudeitaud :178 49g-i 4B ain.. east! longitude; *lFbey sailed Jiom hence 'onthe/dd df Ju^and'onttjii 28^1 had.^sight «»f the iilandA Saypan, !fISnian,;and lAigaigan^uwhitjIi li<» BYRON. — 1765. 205 between two and three leagues from' each' other. At noon, on the 3lst, anchored at the south-west end df Tittian, in the situation where the Centurion had anchored with Commodore Anson. The water is so wondierfulty clear at this place, that, though 144 feet deep, they could fee the ground. The commodore went on-shore, where he ^aw many huts, which had been left the preceding yeitt by the S|^a- niards and Imlians. Having chosen a spot ort wbidH to erect tents for the sick, Mr. Byron and Bis company, with prodigious difficulty, worked their way through tl^e woods, in search of those elegant meadows and lawns of which so enchanting a picture is given in Anson's Voy- age: but, to their unspeakable mortification, they found the lawns covered with reeds, in which their legs Were entangled, and cut as with whipcord; and these reeds were, in some places, higher than their heads, and in none less than half that height. From head to foot they were covered with flies, which got down their thfoats as often as they attempted to speak. Parties were sent out to kill cattle, which, after being absent three days and nights, and killing a bullbck, bad seven or eight miles to ^g it through the woods and lawns, and when arrived, it was commonly ity-blbwn, and stunk intolerably. They got poultry with ^afs^; but the heat was so excessive, that it would turn greJEini, artd swarm with maggots, in less than an hour aner it was killed. They killed wild hogs that weighed 2bb pounds each, which afibrded their chief supp^ of fr^sh rilieat. A negro belonging to the Tamar contrivted a m^tb6d td ensnare these animals, so that they sent many on-bbiird alive, and were thus always certain of having fresh nieat both in the ship and on-shore. The island of Saypan is not only larger, but pleaisaiiter than Tinian. It is, in a great degree, coveried witli trees, and abounds with hogs and guanicoes. It is conjectured that the Spaniards^ at stated periods, carry on' a pearl- tishery at this island, as there were evident signs of peo- ple having been lately there, and large heaps of the oyster-shells were seen. The commodore remained at Tinian till the 30th of September, by which time tbesick being tolerably well recovered, he wieighed anchor, and stood to the northward. This island produces plenty of N 266 VOYAOK8 ROUND THE WORLD. cotton and indigo, with cocoa-nuts, breail-fruit^ i^avas, Saupaut, lOttr-oranges, and limes. On the 6tb of Novcm* cr they ci|me to an anchor off the island of Timoan, on which Mr. Byron lauded the day following. The inha- bitants, who are Malays, no sooner saw the boat approach- ing the shore, than many of them came to the beach, each having a dagger by his side, a spear in one band, and a Ions knife in the other. The boat's crew, however, made no hesitation to land, and bartered a few handker- chiefs for a goat, a kid, and a dozen of fowls. Nothing worth notice happened tilt the 1-4 th, when a sloop being seen at anchor in the harbour of an island, named Pulo Toupoa, Mr. Byron, having anchored in the same harbour, and observed that the vessel hoisted Dutch colours, sent an officer on-board, who was received with great politeness, tea being immediately made for him and his attendants; but he could not make himself under- stood, the crew consisting entirely of Malays. The comoiodore sailed the following day, and held his course till the 19th, when he spoke with an English snow, bound from Bencoolen to Malacca and Bengal, in the East India Company's service. At this time their biscuit was jfilled with worms, and rotten, and their beef and pork was stinking. The master of the snow being ap- prized of this circumstance, sent Mr. Byron two gallons of arrack, a turtle, twelve fowls, and a siieep. The shipi remained in this harbour till the 10th of December, when they sailed. During their run from hence to Prince's Island, in the Strait of Sunda, they were so abundantly supplied with turtle, bv boats from the Java shore, that ' the common sailors subsisted wholly on that fish. They staid at Prince's Island till the 10th, when they sailed for the Cape of Good Hope. Op the 10th of February saw a great smoke arising from a sandy beach, which they supposed to have been made by the Hottentots. On the 13th they came to an anchor, and the next niorn- mg the governor sent his coach and six for the commo- dore, and received him with great politeness, offering him the accommodations of the company's bouse in the garden, and the use of his coach. They sailed on the 7th of March, and, on the 25th, crossed the equinoctial line.- About this time an acci- dent happening to the rudd<^*"^ the Tamar, and it being WiltLlt. — 1788. 287 impoitible to make a perfect repair of it at sea, the ca|>- taiD was ordered to bear away for Aatig ua ; in conse- quence of which they parted coanpany on the 1st of Ajiril; and the Delpbiii» without meeting with any other material occurrence* cane to an anchor in the Downs, on the 0th of May, 1768, after having been rather above tweuty-two months in the circumnavigation of the globe. CAPTAIN SAMUEJL WALLIS.-- 1766-68. oAMUEL WALLIS, Esq. having been appointed to coniroand his migesty's ship the Dolphin, destined for a voyage round the world, received orders to take un- der his command the Swallow sloop, and Prince Frederick sture-ship. These vessels sailed on the 22d of August, 1766, and, on the 7th of September, in the evening, came to au anchor in the road ofMadeira. They sailed thence on the 12th, after having taken in sea-stores. By the 12th of November they were in 30 deg. of south latitude, when they found the weather so cold as to have recourse to their thick jackets. On the 16th of December, being very near Cape Virgin Mary they saw several men riding on the shore, who made sigps for them to land. In the morning the captain went on- shore, with a boat's crew from each ship, and having made signs for the Indians to sit down, gave them combs, buttons, knives, scissars, beads, drc. and pleased the women greatly by the distribution of tome ribbands. The tallest among these people was six feet seven inches, several others were from one to two inches shorter; but the general height was from five feet ten to six feet. They were muscular and well made, but their hands and^ feet very small, in propoition to the rest of their bodies. They rode on horses about fourteen hands high, and had dogs of the Spanish kind; both men and women rode astride, and the men were furnished with wooden spurs: some of the men had their arms painted, the faces of others were variously marked, and others again had the /eft eye enclosed by a painted circle. Their armt were two round stones, enclosed with leather, one of which was fastened at each end of a string eight feet in length: N 2 268 VOYAGES ROVND tHE WORLD. and one stone being held in the hand, the other Was swung round the head with greal; force for some time, and then discharged at any mark they chose to strike. These people, who are great talkers, were often heard to say Ctt-m-ta-ne, on which they were successively ad- dressed in Portnguese, Spanish, Dutc|i, and Frehch ; but they had no knowledge of either of those languages. When they shook hands with any of the crew, they always said chevow; and they were amazingly ready in feaming English words, 'and pronounced the sentence " English- men come on-shore" with great facility. As they seemed desirous of going on-oth ships were safely anchored in a place called Swallow faarbovr, whence they sailed the next morn- ing; and, on the follovraig day, the Swallow, being driven among breakers, made signals of distress; but was hap- pily relieved by a breeze from the shore. On^^e loth of April the two ships sailed in company ; and, on the 11th, lost sight of each other, and did not meet again during the whole voyage. This day the Dolphin cleared the trait of Magellan, in wbich she had laboured with innumerable difficulties, and escaped most imminent dangers, m a passage of almost four months. Ml, from December the 17th, 1766, to the llth of April S70 VOTAOBS ROUND TM£ WORLD. following. In the year 1581 the Spaniards it seeois built a town here, which they named Phillipville, and left in it a colony of 490 persons.. These were all starved to death except twenty-four, all of whom but one proceeded in search of the river Plata, and most probably perished, ^as no tidings were ever heard of them: the remaining man, whose name was Hernando, was taken on*hoard by Sir William Cavendish, in the year 1587, and broi;ght to England ; and the place was called Port Famine, from the melancholy fate of these unfortunate men. Wood 9nd water abound at this place; geese, ducks, teal, &c, are in great abundance, and there is no want of tisli; so. that the face of things must be greatly changed since the' Spaniards were there. On the 1st of June they saw several men-of-war birds, and the next day observed some gannets; and the wea- ther being at this time very various, they conceived hopes that they drew near the land. On the 4th, a turtle liwam close by the ship; and the next day r nrreat variety of birds were seen. The long wished-for ny f^wu now hit approaching; for on Saturday, the 6tF, ..'ic; man at the jiast-head cried, " Land in the west-nortn-west." This proved to be a low island, distant five or six leagues, and was soon seen from the deck, to the great joy of every one on-board. When they came within five miles, they discovered another to the we«t-north-west. As no an- chorage was to be found, and the whole island was en- compassed with rocks and breakers, the captain resolved to steer for the other island, giving the name of Wbitsun Island to this, because it was discovered on the eve of Whitsunday. Having approached the second, about fifty of the na- tives, armea with pikes, and some having fire-brands in their hands, were observed running on the coast. Two boats were sent out, manned and armed, and the lieute- nant was instructed to steer for that part of the shore where the people had been seen, to avoid oflending them, and to try to procure water ind fruit, in exchange for such commodities as he took. When the boat came near the shore, the natives put themselves in a position as if tbev would defend it with their pikes; but the crew uaking signs of friendship, and exposing their trinkets, some of the Indians walked into the water; to whom it WALLIS. — 1767. 271 s biuilt ft in it ved to ceeded rished, naining Hird by ught to e, from Wood *al, &c. tisli; so. incc the' X birdti, he wea- d hopes :le ^wam iriety of DOW fest m at the '» This aes, and of every es, they no an- was en* resolved iVhitsnn e eve of the nfi- inds in Two lieute- le shore ig them, inge for kme near lion as if le crew trinkets, fhom it was hinted, that some cocoa-nuts and water would be ac- ceptable: which was no sooner done, than they fetched a smaU q^uanthy cf each, which they ventured to bring to the boats, and received some nails and other trifles in exchange* While they were dealing, one of them stole a silk handkerchief with its contents, but the thief could not be discovered. The lieutenant was again sent on- shore, to take possession of the island in the king's name, and to call it Queen Charlotte's Island. The boats re- turned loaded with cocoa-nuts and scurvy-grass, after having found two wells of excellent water. Provisions Tor a week were now allotted for an oflicer and twenty men, who were left on-shore to fill water; the sick were landed for the benefit of the air; and a number of hands were appointed to climb the cocoa-trees, and gather the nuts. On an adjoining island they found the people who had fled from Queen Charlotte's Island, with several others, in the whole near 100. It lies in 19 deg. 20 min. south latitude, and 138 deg. 30 min. west longitude, and received the name of Egmont Island. On the lith they observed about sixteen persons on an island, which was called Gloucester Island; but, being surrounded with rocks and breakers, they did not attempt to land. This day they likewise discovered another, which was called Cumberland Island ; and, on the day following, a third, which received the name of Prince William Henrv's Island. On' the 17tii again discovered land, and at ten at night saw a light, which convinced them it was inhabited; and remarked, that there was (lenty of cocoa-trees, a certain indication of no want of water. The day following an officer was sent to the shore, with instructions to exchange some toys for such things as the island produced. He saw a ^rreat number of the people, but could find no Klace m which the ship might anchor. From the num- er of people seen, and their having some large double canoes on the shore, it was thought there were larger slands at no great distance: the captain, therefore, hav- ing named this place Osnabursh Island, made sail, and. having soon discovered high land, came to an anchor,, because the weather was foggy. Early the next moriiing they saw land, distant four or. d^e leagues; hut, after having sailed towards it fome- 272 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. time, thought proper again tp anchor, on account pf the thickness of the fog: but it no sooner cleared away, than they found the ship encompassed by hundreds of canoes^ in which were many hundreds of people. Son>e baubles were shewn them, and signs made to come on-bp$^r^> on ^which they rowed the canoes towjards each other, and a general consultation took place ; at the coQclusion of which they all surrounded the ship with an appearance of friendship, and one of them delivered an oration, at the conclusion of which he threw into the sea the branch of a plantain tree which he held inhis%f:id. Xhis being done, a young Indian, of more apparent courage tbl^U the rest, ventured on-board the ship. The C|ipta|u wpuld ItVEiye given him some baubles, but he refused tb,e afceptr ance of them till those in the canoes came ^lo^$}4 and the boats being seut to soun4 ^h^y tl^t pr)9i]n|iis^e4 ^ood anchprage, the canpes idociced rp^u(]l tli^qi. Next mormngthey Yfere off a peak of l^uj^, w^ch ^^^ 4%ost cpyereqwith the natives and their nouses. On the 2l9t the ship came to an anchor, and several canoes came alongside, bringing a large quantity pf fruit, with fpwls, andhpgs, for whidh they rec^ivea nails fipd toys i^ ex? change. The boats having been sent to sound ^long the coast, were followed by large double canoes, three of ^hich ran at the cutter, staved -i^ her qufrte;*, and other- yrise damaged her ; the Indians, at th^ s^me time, armed with clubs, endeavpuring to board her* 'th^ prew pp]«r fired; and wouijiding one man dange|rou^ly> a^icf killing another, they both fell into the sea, whithe^ their com- panions dived after them, and got them into the canoe. They now tried if they could stand or sit; but as the one wa^ quite dead, they laid him at the bottoi^ of the <:a- i^pe, and the \ypuiided man was suppprted in ^. sitting ppsture t*he ship m^die sail the day fpllpwing| "drith intentipii tp anchprpff the W9tering-p|ace; but the man at the mast? head discovering a bay, a few miles to leeward, they im- mediately stood for it; when the ship had almost reached t)ie boats, she suddenly struck and her head remained i :i (f the than Luoes^ lubles f, armed ,ew noi*!' |(!| killing m eow- le canoe, the one ftheca- k sitting Intentioi^ Ihe mast? Ithey im- 1 reached lemained immoveable fixed oh a coral rock, remaining near an hour^ when she was happily relieved by a breeze from the shore. During the whole time of bein^ in danger, she was en- compassed by hundreds of Indians in their canoes; but not one attempted to board her. The ship was now pi- loted round a reef, into an harbour, where she moored. On the 24th she sailed further up the harbour, fol- lowed by many canoes, briuging provisions, which were exchanged for nails, knives, ie. In the evening, a num- ber of very large canoes advanced, laden with stones ; on which the captain ordered the strictest watch to be kept. At length some canoes came off, with a number of women on-board^ who, being brought almost under the sliip, be^n to practise many arts of indelicacy. During this exhibition, the large caiu>es came close round the ship; some of \he Indiana playing on a kind of flute, others sieging, aiui the Jrest blowing a sort ef shells. Soon after a large canoe advanc^, in which was an awn- ing, on the top of which sat one of the natives, holding some yellow and red feathers in bis hand. The iraptain having consented to his coming alongside, he delivered the feathers; and, while a present was preparing, he put back frpm the ship, and threw the branch of a cocoa- tree in the air. This appeared the signal for an onset ;^ for there was an instant shout from all the canoes, which, approaching the ship, threw voUies^of stones into every part of her. On this two guns, loaded ^with small shot, were fired, and the people on-guard discharged their muskets. The number of Indians now round the ship was full two thousand; and though 'they were at first disconcerted, soon recovered their spirits, and renewed the attack. Thousands were observed on-shore, embark- ing as fast as the canoes could bring them off: orders were therefore given for firing the cannon, some of which were brought to bear upon the shore. This put a stop to all hostilities on the part of the natives for a short time, but the scatteretd otnoes soon got together again, and, having hoisted white streamers, advanced, and threw stones of two pounds weight from slings, b^ which a number of the seamen were wounded. At this time se« veral canoes approached the bow of the ship, from whence no shot had been yet discharged. In one of tliese was an Indian, who appeared to have an authority over iUe N 6 IP !274 VOYAGES ROUND Tfit WORLD. lett: a gun was therefore levelled at his canoe, the shot of which split it in two pieces, which put an end to the contest; the canoes rowed off with the utmost speed, and the people on-shore ran and concealed themselves be- hind the hills. Next day a lieutenant was dispatched, with all the boats manned and armed, and a number of marines, with orders to land under cover of the ship and boats; which being effected, he turned a piece of turf, and ha**' hoisted a, pendant on a stisiff, took possession of t pltu for his sovereign, by the name of King George the Thira s Island. At this time the lieutenant observed two old men on the opposite side of the river, who seemed much terrified, and assumed a posture of supplication. Signs were made for them to cross the river, whicli one of them having done, he crawled on his hands and kn^es towards the lieutenant ; who, shewing him some stones that had been thrown at- the ship, hinted that the Indians should receive no harm if they were not the aggressors. Next day, while a party was engaged in filling the water-casks, the old man, who had been seen the day be- fore, crossed the river, and brought with him some fowls and fruit. The captain, who was indisposed on-board the ship, employed liimself in remarking what was going forward on-shore: and, by the help of glasses, saw many of the Indians creeping behind the bushes towards the watering- place, while incredible numbers were coining through the wbo>ds, and a large party descending a hill, all advancing to the same spot; and twt divisions of ca> noes were making round the opposite points of the bay. The lieuteuanti got his^ patty on-board the boats, but not before he had sent the old Indian to prevail on the others to keep at a proper distance; as he wanted only water —but this had no effect; and, as soon as thecreWs were in the boa^s, the natives possessed themselves of the casks as lawful prize. Those at some distance from the water- ing-place pushed forward with all speed, keeping pace with the canoes, which were rowed at an extraordinary rate; while a great number of women and children were seated on a hill, from whence they could command a view of all that passed. When the canoes came near that part of the bay where lie ship rode, they took in many people from the shore, i^oe, llie shot m end to the st speed, and lemselves be- wilh all the marines, with boats; which f, and ha**' ; noft pl«« ■ge the Thira » erved two old » seemed much cation. Signs ^j iclioncofthem kntpes towards tonts that had Indians should essors* . in filling the een the day be- him some fowls •osed on-board [what was going ►f glasses, saw bushes towards jrs were coming jscending a bfthe bay where from the shore, <.-■» ^V Y );■''.-• 'iw 1'.* WALLIS. — 1767 27& 4n -^.HM tirho were laden with bags filled with stoiies. All the canoes now approached the ship; on which the captain gave orders to nre on the first cluster that should assem- ble; this had such an effect, that they all rowed off with; the utmost speed They then fired into several parts of the wood, on which the Indians all fled to the hill where the women and children were, so that several thousands were now on. that spot. The captain being resolved to make this action decisive, fired towards the hill; and two ball^ falling near a spot where many of these people had stationed themselves, they were all terrified beyond des* cription, and disappeared in an instant. On the 27th, while a party was getting water, the old man before-mentioned appeared on the opposite side of the river; and having harangued them some time, he^ came over; when the otfic'cr, pointing tb the bags and stones which had been brought down, tried to convince him that his countrymen had injured the English, who had acted only on the defensive. He departed with signt of being content, and in a few hours the natives began a traffic, which proved highly advantageous to the ship's company. The old Indian, who had visited the interior parts of the island, in quest of provisions, returned on the dth, and brought with him a roasted hog as a present for the captain, who, in return, enriched him by putting him in possession of a looking-glass, an iron pot, &c. Three days after this, the gunner conducted to the i'hip a lady of a portly figure and agreeable face, whose age seemed to be upwards of forty. She had bi^t lately arrived in that part of the island; and the gunner, observing that she seemed to have great authority, presented her with some toys, on which she invited him to her house, and gave him some fine hogs. She was afterwards taken on- board at her own desire, where her whole behavicur indi'* cated the woman of superior rank. The capttin pre- sented her with a looking-glass and some toys, and gave her a handsome biue mantle, which he tied round her with ribbands. Haying intimated that she should be gbd to see the captain OD-shore, he signified his intention of visiMng, her on the following day. Accordingly, on Sunday, the T9th^ he vlNit ^.shore^ where he was met by bit fair friend^ ft m VOYAGES BOUND THB WOBLD. yfbo was attended by a numerous retinue, tone of •^hom she directed to carry the captain, and others who had been ill, over the river, and thence to hei habitation: the procession was closed by a guard of narinefrand seamen. As they advanced, great numbers of IndifSf crowded to see ti^m ; but, on a slight motion of Iwr hand, made tIBipk BQOffl for the procession to^ JNiBSi Many persons of both sexes adianccd to meet her, whinn she caused to kiss the captain's hand, while she signified that they were related to her. Her house was aboye 920 feet in Ikigth, and about .forty in breadth. The roof, which was eo^ vered with the leaves of the palm-tree, was supported by SI row of piUacs on each side, and another in the middle. The highest part of the thatch on the inside was about thirty feet from the ground, and the space between the sides of the building and the edge of the roof b^ing twelve f^> 91^ some' plantains and coooa-nuts. Th^ UlAnd waA found to be every where very pleaMMit> ■^jJM..-,.;.. w...^.<-.».;.l^. , Moe of •^hom lers who had bitation: the .uid seamen, f crowded to faandi Bade fany persoot ihccAttied to latthey were ieet in Ikigth, liich was eo^ supported by n the Biiddle. de was about i between the f being twelve had been ill, eioale attend- kings ; which oothed down sinds for more ived great be- being heated me of the In- !ompany were' uaiiiing some hen they hftd [ere frains's iMerview with the Queen of Otaheite Terra del Fuego. WALLIS.— 1767. 277 and to abound vith various necessaries of life. On the 17th, Captain Wallis received another visit from the lady whom he called bis queen. She repeated her visit on the following day, and gave the captain two hogs: and the master being sent to attend her home, she clothed him in the dress of the country, as she had done the captain and his retinue. On the 21st she repeated the visit, and^ presented him with some. hogs. On her departure she invited the captain to her house, who taking some officers with him, attended her home. On their arrival; she tied round their hats some wreaths of plaited hair, and distin- guished the captain's by the additional oraament oi a tuft of feather*, of different colours. When they returned, she ^ent with them to the water-side, and ordered some pre- sents into the boat. On the 24th the captain presented his friend, tlie old 7?idian, - 'itb ilotfa and other matters, and sent a variety of thin \^- to the queen, among which ^ere a cat with kitten, lurkie^, geese, hens, and various kindaof garHcn-se ;^«; which cr r.pliment she returned by a present of fruO and hogs. While they remained here, they sowed peas and garden seeds. :md staid long enough to see them come up, and likely lo thrive. The captain baviiig sent a party on-shore on the 25th, to examine the country minutely, caused a tent to be erected to observe- an eclipse of the sun, and when it was endedy took his telescope to the queen's bouse to shew her the use of it; and her surprize is not to be expressed, on her beholding several objects which she was very familiar yeith, but which weie too distant to be seen by the naked eye. On the conclusion of this m^ital feast, the captain inviteii \ I u queen and he\p attendants on-board the ship, judging that no insult would be offered to the party he had sent oat, \vhile the principal people were in his power. The queen's attendants ate heartily of an ele- gant dinner, and drank water only}' but the queen would neither eat nor drink. When the party returned from their exciursion, the captain gave orders for landinf the queen and her. train. She made signs to be infbrmed if he held his resolution as to the time of his departure; and, beiojo} answered in the affirmative, her tears witnessed the agitation of her mind. On tlie 86th the queen visited th^ captain, with her nsual presents. In the afternoon she came again, and so- H i^ VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. licit^ iiim to remafin ten days longer; but, being informe4 that he should certainly sail on the following day, she hurst into tears, and demanding when he would come again, was told in fifty days. She remained on- board till evening, when being informed that the boat waited for her, she wo.pt with more violence than she had yet done. At length this affectionate creature went over the ship's side, as did the old Indian who had been so ser- viceable to the crew. This man had signified, that his son should sail with the captain ; but when the time of departure came, the youth was not to be found; and it was thought, that parental afiection had got the better of the promise. ^rly the next morning two boats were sent to fill ft few casks of water ; but the officer, alarmed at finding the shore crowded with people, was about to return. This brought the queen forward, who commanded the Indians to retire to the opposite side of the river, and then made sij^ns for the boats to land. While the water was filling, she ordered some presents into the boat, and entreated to go once more to the ship ; but the ofiicer having it in charge not to bring off a single native, she ordered her double canoe out, and was followed b^ many others. When she had been on-board, weeping bitterly for an hour, advantage was taken of a breeze, and the ship got under sail. She now tenderly em- braced the captain and officers, and left the ship; but the wind falling, the canoes all put back, and once more reached the ship, to which the queen's being made fast, she advanced to the bow of the canoe, and wept inces- santly. The captain presented her with several articles of use and ornament, which she received in silent sorrow. After some time a breeze springing up, the queen and her attendants took their nnal leave, with many tears, which drew corresponding tears from the eyes of our countrymen. The place where the ship had lain yrm called Port Royal Harbour, and is situated in 17 deg. 30 min. south latitude, and 150 deg. west longitude. ]; ^ The men of Otaheite are from five feet seven to itn inches high, well-propdrtioned, alert, and of good coun- lenances. The women from five feet to five and a half, i't 1 », '. WALLIS. — 1767 270 handsome in general, but some of them as bemutiful as can be imagined. The complexion of those men who are much on the water is rather red; but the natural colour of them all is the tawny. They are remarkably distinguished from all the other natives of Asia* Africa, and America, by the colours of their hair; for that ol the former is universally black, while the people of Ota* heite have the various colours of black, brown, red, and flaxen; most of the children having the latter; when left loose, it has a strong natural curl, but it is usually worn tied in two bunches, one on each side the head, or in a single bunch in the middle. They anoint the head with the oil of the cocoa-nut, mixed with a root of a fra- grant smell. An Indian who attended the queen appearing to be fond of imitating the English, was presented with a suit of the lieutenant's cloaths, which became him extremely well. As it was shoal-water at the landing-place, the English officers were carried on-shore; and this man, unwilling to be out of the fashion, was carried in the same manner by the Indians. In his attempt to on the 90th of No* yemher, 17^7. From this he sailed on the 9Xh. of pe cember, without losing a single man^ 994 k^'vtig ^}f tM'o on the sick list. On the 24th of January they encouaterke |i rudder'- chain, and carried several of the hooiQS over^^oird; ye^ duriqg this storm, they observed a nmfihfr nf hifdfi anU huttendies. On the 30th they saw laEid« and C9m^ to jm a^ichor in Tahlei Bay, at the Ca|»e pf Oood Bcf^, on jthe 4th otf Fehriiary. On the ^^tk all hands were ordered oa^hoard^ fMadt 00 th/t; nth of Maprcb, they anchoriMl in thff hay f3^$fl* He* lena, and seqt persons on-shore to get water, wd Qtinr^ to gather p\irslain, of which there is great plfpity^ Oo the *^h crossed the equinoctial Mne, gettiag nmcc mor? into north- latitude, and on the 24th of next Hs^nth saw the Cnpe of Pico. No material incident happeji^ed from this time to the end of the voyage, which was happily comp^eated by the Polphiq coming to an anchor in the Downs, on the ^ih »/ May* 1769 Mi CAPTAIN CARTCHET.'-l7a^W. LR. CARTERET having already circumnavigated the globe with Commodore Byron, was appointed to the command of the Swallow sloop soon after his return to England; and, on the 22d of August, 1766, sailed from Plymouth, in cpmpany with his majesty's s^ip the Dol- phin, and the Prince Frederic store-ship. It will be needless to recite any particulars which hap- pened till the 11th of April, when the Swallow parted company with the Dolphin and Prince Frederick, as al- ready related in the account of the preceding voyage. At nine o'clock on this day, the Swallow had totally lost sight of the Polphin, which Captain Carteret judged to 2B2 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORi^D. be then clear of the mouth of the straits; and, as the Swallow was then under land, where she bad not the ad- vantage of any considerable breeze, they entertained no hope of seeing their consort during the remainder of the voyage. At this time all the cloth, linen, cutlery-wares, and trinkets, were on-board the Dolphin; a circumstance which aggravated Captain Carteret's distress, as he had not any thing proper to barter with the Indians. A few hours after the ships parted company, the Swallow en- countered a violent storm, during which, there was so thick a fog that they could not see mountainous land which they were within half a mile of. They sailed from this place early in the morning of the 15th of April, and soon afterwards, by the sudden shifting of the wind, encountered so violent a storm that they were in danger of sinking. Thev at length got into the open sea, after a veiy providential deliverance, for, had the wind again shifted, the ship must have been unavoidably tost* From the 27th of this month till the 1st of May they had continual storms, and on this day a prodigious sea laid the whole ship under water for some time, while the wind blew a hurricane, and the rain poured down in tor- rents. On the 9th of May they were in sight of the Island of Masafuero; and, on the 10th, saw Juan Fernan- dez, and sailed round to Cumberland Bay, on the east- side of it. , The Spaniards having fortified this island, (a circum- stance till then unknown to Captain Carteret) a number of .men were seen on the shore, and two large boats lying on the beach. A house and foi ;r pieces of cannon were observed near the sea-side, ana on the brow of a hill, at a small distance, was a fort with Spanish colours flying. Many cattle were seen on the hills, and above twenty houses on different parts of the island. On the eastern side of the west bay they saw a kind of guard-house, wiih two pieces of cannon, on carriages, near it. They now returned towards Cundberland Bay, when a boat put after them; but night cominr on, they lost sight of her. ^Thus disappointed of refreshments, so much wanted, they sailed for Masafuero, and anchored on the 12th, but were unable to land, as the beach was .nil o( rocks, and the surf ran so violently that the best t>, ' s the e ad- ew en- vas so g land sailed April, 5 wind, danger after a I again ay they ous sea bile the I in tor- t of the teman- lie east- circum- number 8 lying n were hill, at flying, twenty V a kind Triages, ndBay, fn, they lents, so nchored ach was the best CARTERET. — 1767. swimmers could not get through the breakers; the next mornine, however, the boats filled some water^msks* On the I5th anchored on the east side of the isbnd ; out were driven from their moorings, and kept out at sea all night. In the morning the cutter was sent for water, and the ship got near the shore, where she ^oon received several casks, and sent the boat for more; the long-boat was likewise dispatched on this service. On the 17th the cutter was again sent for water; and, when she returned, the lieutenant reported, that the vio> lent rains which had fallen in the night had brought down such a deluge of water, that the people on-shore narrowly escaped drowning, after losing several of the casks. This day such a quantity of fish was taken by the boat, with hooks and lines only, as was equal to the consumption of the whole crew.. On the 20tn the ship, which had been some time standing off and on near tne shore, came again to an anchor, when the long-boat being sent out, procured, in a short time, an ample supply of fish. During the night, and all the following day, they had extreme bad weather; but, as soon as it be- came raoderatelv calm, three seamen were sent on-shore to kill seals, and make oil of their fat, for the use of the lamps. The island of Masafuero is of a triangular forHi, about twenty-two miles in circumference, and, at ia distance, has the appearance of a single rock; there is good an- chorage on many parts of the coast, and th% island abounds with goats. Wood and water are plentiful, but difficult to be procured, on account of the violence of thesi^f. Cod, hallibut, coal-fish, and cray-fish are to be caught in great numbers ; and seals are so numerous, that the killing of thousands could make no apparent difference in their numbers. The mountain-cabbage grows on the island, which likewise abou' Js in biros, among which are hawks o^ a very large size. They now sailed to the north, with the hope of get- ting; the south-east trade-wind, till the 17th of June, which is the depth of winter, when the weather was dark and cold, with sleet, rain, thunder, and lightning* On the 2d of July they discovered an island, which was well cloathed with trees, and down the side of which r|in a stream of fresh water. It appeared to be about lUM • VOYAO«|i ROUVD THE WORCD. 6v(e laile^ in cirjeuniference, and was called Pitcairn's Island^ from tbe name of a young gentleman who first, ^w it* On the 11th Captain Carteret gave the name of the Bishop of Qsnaburgh's Islaud to a low piece of land discovered this day, which was well cbathed with ver- d\ire. On the 12tb they saw two other small islands, on one of which th« boat's crew landed, and found birds so tame 39 to be taken without the lieast difficulty. The Other isbind was nbout fifteen miles di^ance: but nei- ther afforded «ither water or vegetables. They were called the Puke of Gloucester's Islands; and Captain Caiteret supposes them to be the same land which was seen by Quiros. On tk^ 10th of August the ship sprung ^4enk, in a part which they could not come at to repair, so that their situation was truly alarming ; but two days a/ter- virards discovered land, which gave fresh spirits to the Almost desjpondln£ crew* The captain observed seven islands, ana saileif towards two of them, which lay very near to^^ether; in the evening came to aji auchor near the l^ir^st, on which were seen two of the natives, who were negraes, with woolly beads, and wore no kind of cloathing. On the day following the cutter, with the muster 9nd a party of seamen, was sent to \ke westward, to search for a place to procure wood and water, to seek for refreshments for the sick, and to discover a place where the ship might be repaired. He received orders to be strictly on hU guitrd against any attack from the xiative9» 9n<) took with him a few trinkets that happened to he oo-bo»rd, to procure their good-wtU. In a short time sft^r he returned on-boaro, having three arrows sticking in his body. The account he gave of his expe- divioP- w^s, in substance, as follows: — Being arrived at a Ehice about fifteen mile* from the ship, he saw some ouses, but ouly a very few of the natives, and landed with four of the crew well armed; the first fears of the Indians being dispelled, they accepted his presents with pleasure, and, in return, gave him some fish, yams, and cocoa-nut9. He then went to the houses; but soon ob- serving a number of the natives among the trees, and se- veral canoes coming round a point, he hastened towards the boat; but, before he could embark, a general attack CARTERET, — ^1767. 205 with bows and arrows was made, as well on those in the boat as on those ou shore. Thus situated, the crew fired repeatedly, killing and wounding many of the Indians; still, however, the latter continued the fight, some of them running into the water as high as the breast ; and when the boat ^ot farther off she was pursued by the canoes, which did not retreat till one of them was sunk, and many of the people in the others were killed. The captain now determined to attempt the reparation of the ship in her present situation, and succeeded so far that the leak was greatly reduced. On the Idth a party was sent on shore to get water, a shot having been previously fired into the woods, to disperse any of the natives that mi^ht be lurking in them. The lieutenant was likewise dispatched in the cutter to keep the coast clear for the waterers, by repeated firings into the woods; yet, in spite of these precautions, a flight of ar- rows was soon discharged among them, by which one of the seamen was dangerously wounded. As the master was now dying of his wounds, as the captain and lieutenant were so ill that their recovery was doubtful, and as there was no chance of procuring proper refreshments at this place, all intentions of pur- suing the voyage farther to the southward were laid< aside; the captain, therefore, having named the place Egmont Island, and the harbour where the ship had lain Swallow Bay, sailed from it on the 17th of August, 1767. On the same day an island was discovered, which re- ceived the name of Portland's Islands, four miles from which they saw an harbour, which was called Byron's Harbour; three leagues from it, they bad sight of the bay where the Indians had att-vsked the crew of the cut- ter. This was called Bloody Bay; on its borders were a number of houses well constructed, and one much longer than the others, which had the appearance of a kind of hall for the transaction of public business. In this place, which was well built, and covered with a kind of thatch, the master and bis party had been received by the natives, before the \('anton cutting down of the cocoa-nut tree. A large number of arrows were hung in . bundles round the room, the floor and sides of which were covered with matting. In this neighbourhood were many gardens, surrounded by stone-walls, and planted 28G YOTAOKS BOUND tHE WORLD w\\h vegetables. Three miles from this village a large town was seen, in the front of which, towards the sea, was an ansular kind of fortification, built of stone, and near five reet high. About three miles hence they saw a bay, into which a river empties itself, which thev called Granville's River, and it appeared to be navigable for small vessels far up the country. The point of this bay was called Ferrers's Point ; and from this the land forms a large bay, near which is a considerable town, inhabited by an incredible number of people, who, while the ship was sailing by, came ool of their houses, holding something like a bun- dle of grass in their hands, with which they appeared to stroke each other, running in rings, or dancing, all the while. Sailing onwards a few miles they saw ano- ther point, which was called Carteret Point, on which was a large canoe, with an awnine over it; at a small distance was another town, fortified as that before-^men- tioned. The inhabitants of this place likewise advanced before their houses, and danced as the others had done. The dance being ended, many came off in canoes towards the ship; but having got near enough to have a good view of her, they would advance no farther. They soon saw another small island, which was named Trevanion's Island, and the north part of it was called Cape Trcvanion. Both the main lahd and this island abounded with inhabitants; and a boat being sent to sound the passage, they no soonei observed that she bad left the ship, than several canoes advanced to attack her. The Indians having let fly their arrows, the boat's crew fired, and killed one man, and wounded another. A gun, laden with grape-shot, was at the same time fired from the ship, on which all the canoes pulled bard for the shore, except the one with the wounded man in it, which being taken to the ship, the surgeon was ordered to examine his wounds. One of this poor fellow's arms was broke, and a shot had gone through his head; and the surgeon being of opinion that the latter wound was mortal, he was placed in his canoe again, and with one aand rowed towards the shore To all the islands they had^iow left Captain Carteret gave the general name of Queen Charlotte'^; Islands; and, besides those already mentioned, \u wa3 several, '■: i V CARTBRBT. — 1767. 207 which he named as follows :-^vix. Lord HoWe's Island , Keppel's Island; Lord £dgcoroe's Island; Ourry's Island; and Volcano Island; this last being lo denomi- nated from a smoke that issued from its top, which is of an amazing height, and shaped like a sugar-loif* Sailed on the 20th of August, and discovered a small island, which was called Gower'9 Island, the people of which did not differ in any thing material from those of the islands he had lately left. Some cocoa-nuts were here procured in exchanges for nails; and the inhabit- ants had intimated, that they would furnish a farther supply the next mbrninff; but it was then found, that the current had carried the ship considerably to the south during the night, and brought them within sight of two other islands, one of which was called Simpson's Island, and the other Carteret's Island. They fell in with nine islands in the night of the 24th, which Captain Carteret supposes to be the same that were discovered by Tasman, and are named Ohang Java; eight of these are very small, but the other is more ex- tensive, and are all inhabited by blacks, whose heads are woolly, like those on the coast of Africa. The next day they had sight of an island covered with verdure, which vas called Sir Charles Hardy's Island, and from the number of fires seen on it, was supposed to be inlia- bited. This day they likewise had sight of a large island, formed of three high hills, which took the name of Winchelsea's Island. On the 26th saw a large island to the north, which Captain Carteret imagines to have been the island of St. John, discovered by Schouten. This day were within sight of Nova Britannia, and the next morning the current drove the ship into a deep bay, which, in Dampier's Voyages, is called St. George's Bay. On the 28th they gave the name of Wallis's Island to a small one in a bay, off which they came to an an- chor, and were now 7,300 miles due-west from the main- land of America. On the next day, after great fatigue, wei^ihed the anchor, and sailed to a place which they called English Cove, where they immediately began to take in wood and water. They now attempted to catch fish with Looks and lines, but none of them would bite; nor were i 28P VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD* they much more successful with their nets; turtle Viki- wise were very plentiful, vet they could not takt an^'; but at low water picked .up some large cockles and rock-oysters. From the shore they procured cocoft- nuts, and the cabbage of the cocoa-tree, which is crisp and juicy; thi», when eaten raw, tastes like a che&- nul; but, when boiled, ha» a more agfeeiable flavodr than the parsnip. It was fonnd to be etcel^nt wKdh boiled with portable soup and oatmeial. They likewifie gathered some plumbs, which tasted like thosie of the West-Indies, which are called Jamaica ptuhibsr; and by this supply of vegetables, they had soon reason to rejdice in the blessing of returning health. They left this cove on the 7th of September, and an- chored on the same day almost close to a grove of cocoa^ nut trees, where they supplied themselves with the fruit and the cabbage in very great abundance ; and called the place Carteret's Harbour, which being formed by the main and two islands, one of them was named Leigh^s Island, and the other Cocoa-nut Island. On the 9th of September the anchor was weighed, and wind and cur- rent being both contrary, they steered round the coast into a channel between two islands, which channel was divided by another island, /o which Captain Carteret gave the name of the Duke of York's Island, and neair which are several smaller ones. To the south of the largest are three hills of singular form, which were called the Mother and Daughters, one of which was supposed to be a volcano, from the large clouds of smoke seen is* suing from it. A point they called Cape Palliser, li^s to the east of these hills, and Cape Stephens to the west ; north of which last lies ^ an island, which took the^name of the Isle of Man. ' ".'"^^^^^^ Having brought-to for the night, they sailed next morning, when some of the Indians put off in canoes to- wards the ship; but the wind being fair and blowing fresh, it was not thought proper to wait for them. Steer- ing north-west by west, they lost sight of New Britain on the lith, and it being now found that what had been taken for a bay was a strait, it was called St. George's Channel, and the island on the north of it received the name of New Ireland. In the evening they discovered a large island, well clothed With verdure, which was deno- \v» CARTERET. — 1767. 2R» ninated Sandwich Island ; off this island the 8hi|» lay {p'eat part of the night, during which time a perpetual noise was heard, resembling the sound of a dram. When they bad almost cleared the strait, the weather falling calttit > number of canoes approached the ship, and, though they could not be prevailed on to go on- board, exchanged some little matters with the crew, receiving natii and bits of iron, which they preferred to every thing else that was offered. Though the canoes of these people were formed out of single trees, they were be« tween eighty and 100 feet in length. The natives art negroes, and their hair is of the woolly kind, but they have neither thick lips nor flat noses. They wore shell- work on their legs and arms, but were otherwise naked, except that their hair and beards wer^ powdered with white powder, and a feather was stuck into the head above the ear. Their arms consisted of a long stick and a spear; and it was observed, that they had fisliiug-nets and cordage. They now sailed west, and coming in sight of the south-west point of the island, it was called Cape Byron; near which is an island of considerable extent, which re- ceived the name of New Hanover. The strait they had now pas'ted was called Byron's Strait ; one of the largest islands they had seen, Byron's Island; and the south- west point of New Hanover, Queen Charlotte's Foreland. Oh the following day they saw several smaU islands, which received the name of the Duke of Portland's Islands. When they had completely navigated St. George's Channel, the whole length of which is about 100 • leagues, they sailed a westward course, and, on the 14th of September, discovered several islands. The next morning some hundreds of the natives came off in canoes tbWmrdii the ship, and were invited on-board by every token of friendship and good-will; notwithstanding which, when they came within reach, they threw several lances at the seamen on the deck. A great gun and se- veral muskets were now fired at them, by which some were killed or wounded, on which they rowed towards the shore; and, after they had got to a distance, a shot was fired so as to fall beyond them, to convince thera that they were not out of the reach of the guns. These o 200 ▼OTAOES SOUND THB WORLt), people were 1 1 most itegroen, with woolly hilr, whieii tiiey powdfiTt .:: und they went naked, except the omft- meats of sheie r^njoid iheir arms and legs. Captain Carteret now coasted along the islands, to %vhich he gave the general name of the Admiralty JsUuids. He describes them as having a roost enchanting appear- »nce, iieing covered with woods, groves of cocoa-nut- trccs, nnd the houses of the natives. The largest of these islands is computed to be above fifty miles in length ; and he supposes that they produce many valua- ble articles, particularly spices. They discovered two small verdant islands on the i9tb, which were called Dufour's Island, and Matty's Island, the inhabitants of which last ran alone the coast with lights during the night. They had sight of two other small islands on the 24th, which were called Stephens's I^ilands, and which abounded with beautiful trees. On the evening of the 25th they had sight of three islands, the natives of which came off in canoes, and went 'ou-board the ship. They bartered cocoa-nuts for some bits of iron, with which metal they did not seem i^nacquainted, and appeared extravagantly fond of it. They called it parram, and intimated, that a ship some- times touched at their islands. These people were of the copper-colour, and had fine black hair; but their beards were very small, as they were continually pluck- ing the hair from their faces. Their teeth were even and white, and their countenances agreeable; their ac- tivity was such, that they ran to the mast-head even quicker than the seamen. They eat and drank any thing that was given them; and had not the least degree of re- serve in their behaviour. Their dtess consisted only of a piece of fine matting round the waist. As the current carried the ship at a great rate, the captain had no op- portunity of landing, though the Indians offered that some of their people should remain en-board, as b secu- rity tor the safe return of such of the seamen'as might be sent on-shore. One of the Indians, on finding that none of the crew were to land, absolutely refused to leave the ship, and was therefore carried to the island of Olebes, where he died. This man was named Joseph Freewill, and the largest of the islands was called Free- \M '- Ir, whieii the onMi- (lands, to y Islands, g appear- ocoa-nut- largest of miles in iny valua- ithelQtb, t's Island, ;oast with two other Stephens's es. : of three noes, and s-nuts for not seem >nd of it. hip some- ! were of but their ly pluck- yere even their ac- lead even any thing tree of re- only of le current d no op- ered that as B secu- 'as might ding that efused to island of id Joseph ed Free- CART BRET.— 1767. 291 Mi will Island; but the natives called it Pegan; and the names of the other two are Ouata and Onello. On the evening of the 28th discovered an island from tiie mast-head; but neither visited nor gave name to it. On the 12th of October saw a small island, which was named Current Island, from the great strength of the southerly current ; and, on the following day, discovered two more small islands, which were called St. Andrew's Islands. On the 20th they had sight of land, which, on the day f(»lluwing, they knew to be the Island of Mindanao, and roasted the south-east part of it, in search of a bay de- scribed ill Dampier's Voyages, but could not find it. On the 14tli of November, 1767, they reached the Strait of Macassar, situate between the islands of Borneo and Celebes, to a point of which latter island they gave the name of Hummock Point. On the 27th crossed the equinoctial line, and got into, southern latitude, at which time they found the current setting against them, and the tornadoes became violent. The crew was now diminishing by death, and weakened daily by sickness, so that there were hardly hands suf- ticicnt to navigate the vessel. On the 3d of December saw the islands called the Little Pater-nosters, which lie something more than two degrees south of the line; but it was out of their power to land any where for refresh- ment, as the winds and currents were contrary. Not a man ou-board was now free from the scurvy ; and when it was imagines! that nothing could have aggravated their distress, they were attacked by a pirate in the mid- tile. of the night of the 10th of December. It was so very dark that they could not see their enemy, who at-* tacked them with swivel-gims and small arms ; but they returned the salute so warmly, that the pirate was sunk, and all her crew perished, after having wounded two persons on-board tbe Swallow, and done some very tri- fling damage to the ship. By the 12th of this month they liad lost thirteen of the crew, and the death of thirty others was hourly dreaded. At this time too the westerly monsoon was set in, so that it was impossible to reach Batavia ; and, as they must speedily make some land, or inevitably perish, it was resolved to attempt getting to Macassar, a Dutch 02 2M VOYAGES kOVND THK WORLD. ! settlement on the island of Celebes. On the 13th the* saw several trees floating, and birds sitting on them, and *Ho days afterwards came to an anchor, at little nort than a league from Macassar. Late that night, the governor sent a Dutchman on> Board the Swallow, who was greatly alarmed to find that s»he was an English man-of-war, no such vessel having ever anchored there before; and so apprehensive of dan- ger was he, as not to venture to enter the cabin. Very early the next day the captain sent a letter to the governor, requesting permission to buy provisions, and asking shelter for the ship, till the proper season jretumed for sailing to the westward^ Soon after an answer came, intimating, that the ship fhould instantly depart from the port, without comiiig eny nearer to the town ; that she sliould not anchor on any part of the coast, and that the captain should not permit any of his people to land un any place that was under the governor's jurisdiction. As the most forcible reply to this, the captain shewed his dying men to the bearers, and pleaded the urgent ne- cessity of the case. They could not but sec and feel the propriety of granting refreshments and shelter to persons in such a situation, but still said their orders were ab- solute, and must be obeyed. Provoked at 'his treat- ment, the captain declared he would anchor close to the town ; and if they then refused him necessaries, that he would run the ship aground, and himself and crew would sell their lives as dearly as possible. Alarmed at this declaration, they begged the captain to remain in his present station, till the governor should give further orders. After several disputes, the^^ sailed early on the $Oth of December, and anchored in the road of Bon- thain, a neighbouring port., on the followin^; day. On the 18th of January, a letter from Macassar in- formed Captain Carteret that the Dolphin, his consort, had arrived at Batavia. Having taken in wood and water, (hey sailed hence oo the 22d of May, and, on the 2d of June, they had sight •f the land of Java, on the following day coming to aa anchor in the road of Batavia. On the Voiii the captain learnt that orders had been ^iveu for repairing the ship at Onrust whither a pilot at^ ■CA RTBRET.^1768-9. 303 chman on* o find that gel having ive of dan- Very early gOTernor, nd asking turned for i the ship »ttt coming ' anchor on should not ce that was tain shewed B urgent ne- and feel the r to persons rs vrere ab- his treat- close to the ries, that he and crew Alarmed at o remain in pve further larly on tba m& of Boii> ay. acassar in- lis consort. tended her, and where she came to an anchor on the 22d of June ; but as the wharfs were pre-engaged hy other ships, the repairs did not commehce till Hie S4t'ii of Julv. Captain Carteret having engaged some English ara- men, sailed from Onrust on the Idth of September; and, on the 23d of November, came to an anchor in Tabl'> Bay, in the Cape of Good Hope. The captain iiaviD<; received numberless civilities from the governor and other gentlemen of this place, sailed on the 6th of Ja- nuary; and, on the IBOth, anchored oft' the Island of 'St. Helena, from whence he again sailed on the 24th. On the 20th of this month, a ship which had been seen the preceding day far to the leeward, but had out- sailed the Swallow in the night, tacked and stood to- wards her. A boat was sent on-board, in which was a young officer, who, by many artful questions, endea- voured to learn from Captain Carteret all the most im- portant particulars of his voyage; and this piece of finesse was aggravated, by his inventing a tale to disguise those of his own voyagt:; for the vessel he had just left was no other than that of M. Bougainville, which was then returning from a voyage round the world. Cap- tain Carteret learnt this circumstance afterwards from the lieutenant; for the boat's crew, which had brought the French officer on-board, had discovered every secret to one of the English crew who spoke French. Captain Carteret, however, kept his own secret so well, that Bougainville was not at all the wiser for the time he had lost m the negotiation of this illiberal business. Our adventurers had sight of the western islands on the 7th of March, 1769, and came to an anchor at Spit- liead on the 20th of the same month, without meeting with i^y thing further worth recording. [ 5894 1 MONS. DE BOUGAINVILLBr-1766 69. SETTLEMENT having been commenced by the French on Falkland's Islands, in the month of February, 1764, the Spaniards demanded them as an appendage to the continent of South America; and France having al- lowed the propriety of the demand, Mons. de Bougain- ville was ordered to yield possession of the islands to the Spaniards. On the 5th of December he sailed from the harbour of Brest, in the frigate La Boudeuse; having on-board the Prince of Nassau Seighen, three gentlemen who went as volunteers, eleven officers in commission, and war- rant-officers, saamen, soldiers, servants 'and boys, to the number of 200. On the evening of the 29th of January, they had sight of Rio-de-la-Plata, and on the morning of the 3ist came to an anchor in the Bay of Montevideo, where the two Spanish ships, which were to take possession of Falk- land's Islands, had been at anchor for some weeks. They went on-shore above the colony of San Sacra- mento, and travelled over a prodigious extent of country to Buenos-Ayres, in which there were no roads, and where the eye was their only guide. During this expe- dition, they slept in little hovels constructed with lea- ther, while thf; tygers howled round them on every side. Mons. Bougainville particularly mentions the manner and the danger of their passing the river St. Lucia, which is wide and deep, yet amazingly rapid: — being placed in a long narrow canoe, one side of which was beyond all proportion higher than the other, a horse was ikstened on each side the vessel, the master of which, pulling off all his cloaths, got into it, and supporting the heads of the horses above the surface of the stream, drove them across in the best manner he was able, and, with some difficulty, they stemmed the rapidity of the torrent. They sailed with two Spanish ships on the 28th of Februarv. 1767 ; and, on tlie 1st of April, Mons. Bougainville, in the name of the French king, surren- dered the islands to Dc i Puente, the Spanish governor, who received'it for his most Catholic majesty, with the cereniony of hoisting the Spanish colours, and the firing of guns from the ships and on-shore. ^ DE BOUGAINVILLE. — 1767. 2^ Falkland's Islands lye in about 52 deg. south latitude, and 60 dec;, west longitude. From the entrance of the Straits of Magellan, and from the coast of Patagonia, their distance is about 250 miles. The harbours are large, and well defended by small islands, most happilv disposed; and even the smallest vessels may ride in safety in the creeks, while fresh water is easily to l>e obtained, as the small rivers which descend from the mountains discharge themselves into the sea. In the spring and autumn there are slight hoar-frosts, which be- ing changed to a kind of dew by the warmth of the sun, are rather favourable than prejudicial to the vegetable productions. There is seldom any thunder or lightning, nor is the climate hot or cold in any extraordinary de- gree. Throughout the year the nights are, in general, star-light, serene, and fair; and, upon the whole, the climate is favourable to the constitution. The depth of the soil in the vallies h more than sutiicient for the pur- poses of plowing. Under the tirst land is a layer of black earth, ten inches or more in depth; under th-.tt again a yellow soil, beneath which are stones and slate; but these stones are not found on the little adjacent islands. Wild vegetables in abundance are found, and used as antiscorbutics, particularly water-cresses, sorrel, wild parsley, a kind of maiden-hair« and a species of celery. Se«i*)i'v)ns and seals r«;' the only amphibious animal found a, Ihese parts; but there are great varieties of fis iiii ihe c! usts, xicarce any of which are known in Europt. It sori'riidraes happens, that the whales, getting too near the sii^re, are stranded in the bays, where their remains hfi ^ been seeu. The only quadruped is of a species be- tween the foA. and ihe wolf, and our author therefore calls him iVne wolf fux; the tail of this animal is more bushy than thai of the wolf, and he lives in a kenii* l which he digs in the ground, on the downs, by the sea- side. /A one time of the year the wolf-fox is so lean as to appear alnicst starved, from whence it is imaijiiied that he fasts for u considerable time; he is about as lar^A as '^ sheep-dog, and barks very much like one, oidy that his yelp is not jo loud. The coasts prodi'cc land arul water-fowls in incredible numbers, many of which are the pre;^of falcons, hawks, eagles, and owls; while the e'/;»s 206 70TA0BS ROUND THE WORLD. i and the young birds are destroyed by the wolf-fox. The smaller h!>h are destroyed by the whales, the 'dniphibious animals, and the voracious birds, some of which are con- stantly flying close over the surface of the waters, while others perch themselves on the rocks to watch the event. After waiting at these islands till the 2d of June, 1767, in expectation of the Etoile store-ship from Europe, and finding she did not arrive, Mons. Bougainville consi- dered, that as his vessel had only two months provisions on-board, it would be rashness to attempt crossing the great Pacific Ocean alone ; he, therefore, resolved to steer to Rio-Janeiro, at which place he had appointed the Etoile to join him, in case any unforeseen accident should prevent her reaching Falkland's Inlands before he left the harbour of that place. They had fine weather from the 2d till the 20th of June, on which day they had sight of the mountains on the main- land of Brazil, and entered Rio-Janeiro the day following. At the same time a canoe was dispatched from th« captain of the Etoile, to inform Mons. Bougainville of the safe arrival of that vessel, which now lay in the port; and, on the 14th of July, 1767, the anchors of the Boudeuse and Etoile were weighed ; but, as the wind abated sopn afterwards, they were obliged again to bring>> to, before they could get out of the harbour. They sailed, however, on the following day; and, in the night of the 19th, the niain-top-sail of the Boudeuse was car- ried away by the violence of the wind. The vesseU sailed into the Rio-de-la-PIata, and were within sight of the Maldonados on the 29t^i early in the morning of the 31st they had a view of the Isleof Lobos, and before night came to an anchor in the Bay of Mon- tevideo. As it was necessary that Mons. Bougainville should remain in his present station till the equinox was passed,' his first care was to build an hospital for the sick, and to take lodgings at Montevideo. This being done, he repaired to Buenos-Ayres, in order to hasten the provision of such necessaries as he wanted, for which he was to pay the same price as the King of Spain usually gave for the same commodities. Rarly in the morning of the 14lh of November, 1767, they sailed from Montevideo, with a fine gale, of wind al north, being in sight of land till tli^ eveniiigi 0|i th« •jrj S1| # w '■^ t ti ni BOVGAINTILLtt.— 1768. 297 the evenf. ne, i767. rope, and lie cunsi- [)rovisu>iift - ;>ssing the :d to steer iuted the accident before he e weather f they had razil, and from the ainville of I the port; irs of the the wind 1 to bringi> ir. They the night t was car- and were trly in the of Lobos, of Mon- [igaiaville linox was :al for the his beiu^ o hasten or ^vllich of Spain er, 1767. wind al 0|) th« Kith, And the five following days, the sea ran high, and the wind was contrary. The 2d of December they had sight of Cape Virgins, about which time they made all the sail pbssible, as the wind was in their favour. They now saw a number of albatrosses and petrels, the last of which Mons. Bougainville says are a sign of bad wea* titer, whenever they are seen. On the 8d of December, the wind blowing favourable for a short time, they made their best efforts to reach the entrance of the Straits of Magellan; and Mons. Bon- ;uinvilie was seven weeks and three days in passing ihroHgh it, the whole length of which, frdm Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Pillar, he computes at about 340 miles. On the 21st of March a tunny-fish was taken, in tW belly of which were a number of small fish, of such kinds as are known not to swim far out to sea; whence it was cohcluded, that land could not be at any great distance; and, on the following day, this conjecture ap- peared to be well founded, for four very small islands were then discovered ; but as these were too much to windward, they held on their way, steering for another island, which was almost right a-head. As the vessels advanced towards the latter, it was observed to abound covered, in which our voyagers might hope for pro- ectio!! from the fury of its waves, they were prevented frum landing; when they had coasted the island for about two miles, they bad sight of three men, who ad- vanced hastily towards the shore. They at first ima- gined that these were part of the crew of some Euro> peao ship, which had beeu wrecked on the coast; and, impressed with this idea, were desirous to give thf wished'for relief; but discovered their conjecture ill founded, for the people retired to the woods, from whence, in a short time, issued a number of them, sup posed to be near twenty, with long staves in their han^^ which they held up with an air of defiance. This done, they retreated to the woods, in which, by the help of glasses, their habitations were plainly seen. These iiiauders were of a copper oomplexicn, and very tall. 06 # SOB VOYAGES ROUND TH^ WOULD. I>urin^ the night between the 22d and 23d they had much ram, accompanied with violent thunder, while the ^ind blew almost a tempest. At day-dawn land was discovered, which appeared to be a regular level, suf- ficiently cloathed with verdure. Night advanced before any proper place was found for the boats to land, nor were they more successful in the morning; wherefore they held on their course, Mons. Bougainville having called the place Harp Island. In the evening .on which it was discovered, they had sight of other land, at the distance of something more thsn twenty miles, which had the appearance of being, what it after- wards was found to be, a cluster of islands, eleven of which were seen, and received the name of the Dan- gerous Archipelago. A steep mountain, which appeared to be encofupassed by the sea wt^s discovered on the 2d of April, and re- ceived the name of the Boudoir, or Boudeuse Peak, from thajt of Mons. Bougainville's ship. Bearing to the north- y/nui of this peak, they had sight of land, which extended farther than the eye could reach. While standing towards the land, a boat was seen com- ing from the oiling, which soon afterwards crossed ahead of the ship, and joined a number of other boats, which had assembled from various parts of the island. This assemblage of boats was preceded by one which was rowed by twelve Indians, quite naked, who ad- vanced towards the side of the ship, and held up some boughs of the banana-tree. In a short time, upwards of 100 boats surrounded the ships, laden with bananas, cocoa-nuts, and various other kinds of fruit, receiving in exchange a number of toys. In order to carry on this traffic, the voyagers held up such articles as they meant to give for the fruit, and when the natives were '^tisfied with the quantity offered, it was let down by :^he ship's side in a net or basket, and the Indians having taken it out, returneiJ their commodities by the same conveyance; but some- times the basket was lowered empty, and the natives put their effects in it before they had received the European goods, without seeming to harbour the least distrust or jealousy of those with whom they dealt. As Mons. Bougainville coas^ted the island, he was OB BOUGAINVILLE.— 176B. 290 charitted with the appearance of a noble cascade, which, falling immediately from the summit of a mountam into the sea, produced a most elegant effect. On the shores very near to the fall of this cascade, was a little town, and the coast appeared to be free from breakers. It was the wish of our adventurers to have cast their anchor within view of such an enchanting prospect ; but, ai\er repeated soundings, they found that the bottom con- .ftisted only of rocks, and they were, therefore, under a necessity of seeking another anchoring-place ; and re- turned to the bay observed on first discovering land where he hoped to find a convenient anchoring-plac« and where, after different soundings, the ships were »i length safely moored. The natives now put off in their boats, and snr« rounded the ships in greater numbers than they had yet done, exhibiting many tokens of regard, and perpetually crying out Taio, which was afterwards found to signif} friend. The strangers were much pleased with some nails and toys which the officers and sailors gave thera. These boats were crowded with women, whose beauty of face was at least equal to that of the ladies of Europe, and their symmetry of body much superior. The commodore and some of his officers now went on- shore to take a view of the watering-place, and were no sooner landed, than the natives flocked around in prodi- gious numbers, segarding them with looks of inexpressi- ble curiosity; 'some bolder than tlie rest, came £>>nd touched the French, and put aside their cloatiis, to fi:vd if they were formed like themselves. A person, who ap- peared to be of authority, took Mons. Bougainville's party to his house, where they found an old man, the fa- ther of the chief, and several women. These last paid their compliments to the strangers, by placing their hands on their breasts, and frequently repeaiins^ the word Taio. The o!d man was a truly venerable figure, whose Jong white beard and hair adiied dignity to hi» person, which was exceedingly graceful and well formed. He had none of the decrepitude of age, no wrinkles on. his facf, and his body was nervous and fleshy. The house of the chief was about iwenty feet inwidlh^^ eighty in length, and covered with thatch, from which 6ung a cylinder, above a yard long, formed of the twigs. soo VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. I 1 I I of the oiier, and adorned with black feathert. Having; directed his guests to seat themselves on a grast*plot in front of his house, he presented them with a collation, consisting of broiled fish, water, and fruit. While re- galing themselves he produced two collars, formed of oziers, and adorned with shark's teeth, and black feathers. These collars, which resembled the prodigious large ruffs worn by the French in the reign of Francis I., were put on the necks of Mons. Bougainville and a gentleman of his party. The chief having likewise presented our au- thor with some pieces of cloth, the French were about to take their leave of this hospitable Indian, when one of them found that his pocket had been picked of his pis- tol; on which a complaint was made to the chief, who immediately reprimanded several of his househould, and HTOuld have searched them all; but this the commodore would not permit, contenting himself with intimating to the chief, that the weapon which had been stolen would kill the thief. The chief went on- board Mons. Bougainville's ship the following day, and took with him a present of some fowls and a hog; he likewise gave a full proof of the integrity of his lii-art, by returning the stolen pistol. His name it appearef Indians, whose curiosity had brought them to ti.e spot, should bo dispersed. He then desired to see some fire-works, v^iiich he beheld with a n.ixture of pleasure and bsto- nishment. Vi t>l BOUOAINVlLtB. — 1708. 901 : The camp ivas completed on the following dmy, and the butUog entirely enclosed, except at one entrance, where a guard was constantly stationed. None of the Indians were admitted into this building but Ereti, and his friends of both sexes. A crowd of people were con- stantly about the place, but they made way for any one who had permission to enter, on the motion of a small •tick which a Frenchman held in his hand. To this place the natives assembled from all quarters, bringing poultry, hogs, fish, fruit, and cloth; in exchange for which they received buttons, beads, tools, nails, and trinkets of various kinds, on which they a} peaied to set a high value. The article of thieving excepted, every other inter- course between the French and Indians was carried on in the most harmonious manner. The seamen made se- veral incursions into the island, unarmed, sometimes in small parties, and sometimes singly; when the natives invited them into their houses, gave them provisions, and presented the young damsels as wives. Soon after the camp was formed, the commodore was visited on-board the ship by Toutaa, the chief of a dis> trict near that of Ereti, a very tall man, and admirably well-made, who was attended by several others, hardly one of whom was less than six feet in height. Toutaa brought with him cloth, hogs, fowls, and fruit, which he presented to Mons. Bougainville, who complimented him with some silk stuffs, trinkets, nails, &c. The chief in- vited Bougainville to his house, where, in the midst of a large assembly, he presented him with a fine young girl, whom the commodore conjectures to have been one oif his wives, and the musicians instantly began the bridal hymn. Early in the morning of the 12th the cable of the Bou- dea&e parting, that ship ran foul of the Etoile, and atthl" unfortunate juncture news arrived that three of the In- dians had been either killed or wounded in their huts; and that, in consequence of this unhappy circumstance, a general terror had seized the inhabitants. The wo- men, children, and old men, had fied up the country, taking their effects with them, and even carrying off the bodies of the deceased. The commodore, on receiving this intelligence, went on-shore, and selecting four ma- 302 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. rines, on whom rested the suspicion of having perpe* trated this foul deed, he ordered them to be put into irons in the presence of Ereti, but apprehensive that the natives might revenge their injuries, he spent a consi- derable I'/tkit of the night at the camp, and gave orders for a reiniToi cement of the guards. After ten at night the wind blew violently, the sea swelled to an enormous height; the rain descended in torrents, and the whole scene was tempestuous in a high degree. He went on- board soon after midnight, when a violent squall of wind was driving the ships towards the shore. Providentially the storm was soon over, and a breeze from the shore prevented the vessels being stranded. Soon after day-light it was observed that the camp was totally destitute of its usual visitors; not an Indian was to be seen near it, nor even a single boat sailing on the river. The natives had quitted their bouses, and the whole country appeared to be depopulated. The Prince of Nassau now went on-shore with a small party, and, at about three miles from the camp, found Ereti, with a considerable number of his subjects. When the chief recollected the prince, he advanced towards him with a countenance expressive of hope and terror. Many wo- men were now with him, who dropping un their knees at the feet of the prince, kissed his hands, and, bathed in tears, exclaimed,. Taio mate} You are our friends, and you kill us! The prince succeeded in his endeavours to inspire them with fresh confidence ; and Mons. Bougainville had the pleasure of observing, from on-board, by the help of his glasses, that the natives hastened to the camp, carry- ing with them fowls, fruits, &c. so that there could be no doubt but that peace was re-established. He instantly left the ship, and taking with him a quantity of silk stuffs, and a variety of other articles, he presented them to the principal persons, intimating lu>w unhappy he was on account of the misfortune which had happened, and assuring them, that the perpetrators of so foul a deed should not escape unpunished. The grateful Indians caressed the commander, the natives in general were happy that peace was restored, and the market soon be- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) v .V^ i z 1.0 I.I lA^ IM |2.5 ■50 '*^™ HHfe 1^ 1^ 12.2 ^ m us - IIIIM 1.8 |i-25 i 1.4 i 1.6 ^^ /w / ^J^? '^' y ^ Phoipgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 |' be three other islands, but it was afterwards found to ba-'*^ U .906 ▼OTAOB8 KOuND THB WORLD. onlj .one. In the beginning of May tbree island* w<^re dit^vered at the distance of ten or twelve leagues to the DQrth-west. The commodore bad given directions to ateer between them, when a boat, with five Indians, was observed coming off towards the ship. She advanced very near, but, though every sign of friendly invitation was made, not one of them would venture on-board. They had no kind of cloathing but a bandage round the waist; and as they could not be prevailed on to come up the ship's side, Aotourou stripped himself, leaving ou nothing more than what they wore, and addressed Uiera in the language of Otaheite; but Ibe^ understood not a word of what he said. On the morning of the dth they discpvered a most beautiful island, consisting of alter- nate mountains and vallies, cloathed with the richest ver- dure, and finely shadowed by the spreading branches of the cocoa-nut, and a variety of other trees. Ne^r the westermost point of this island is a ledge of rocks^ and the sea breaks with violence on manv parts of the coast, so that it would be difficult to land, except in very few places. On the following day another island was seen to the westward of the ship's course, in the neighbour- hood of which were two smaller islands, to these islands the commodore gave the general name of the Archipe- lago of, the Navigators. On the morning of the 11th another island was discovered, which received the name of the Forlorn Hope; but for what reason does not ap- pear.^ . The ships now steered a westerly course, and early on the morning of, the 22d two islands were discovered, one of which received the name of Aurora, from the earl^: hour on which it was first seen, and the other that of Whitsuntide Isle, from the day which gave birth to its being so named. In the afternoon, mountainous lands, at thirty miles distance, were seen, appearing, as it were, over 9nd beyond the Ishind of Aurora. On the 23d it was discovered that this was a separate island; the ap-> pearance being lofty, its descent steep, and the whole cloathed with trees. Bougainville gives the following description of the natives of this island, which he called the Isle of Lepers, from observing, that many of the in* habitants were afflicted with the leprosy Some of theoi arQ muiattoes, and others perfect nej^roes; their hair OB BOUGAlNVILIiB.— 1768. S07 woolly, and generally black, but in some instances of a Tery light brown, approaching to a yellow. Few women were seen among them, but those few were equally dis- agreeable with the men, who are represented as low in stature, ill-favoured, and disproportionably made. On the 1^3d more land was discovered, which, on the 26th, was observed to enclose almost all the horison, so that the ships were surrounded in one extensive gulpb, while the coast of the newly-discovered country con- tained many other gulphs, or large inlets, across which several boats were observed rowing, from one shore to the other. The night of the 25th was spent in tacking ; the number of isles now seen was so great, that they could not be counted, nor could their termination be discerned. On the morning of the 27th they again sailed, and, in a few hours, had sight of a line plantation of trees, be- tween which there were regular walks, resembling those of an European garden. Many of the natives were seen ne^r this spot, and as an inlet was observed at no small distance, the commodore ordered the boats to be hoisted out; but they found that it was impracticable to land. They now quitted this great cluster of islands, which re- ceived the general name of Archipelago of the great Cy- clades, which, it is conjectured, occupies no less than three degrees of latitude, and five of longitude. Mons. Bougainville says, that these islands are not the same that Quiros called Tierra Austral del Espiritu Santo; but that Roggewein saw the northern extremity of them« which he denominated Groningen and Thienboven. On the night between the 4th and 6th of June some breakers were seen at half a league's distance, by the light of the moon. In the morning it appeared to be a low flat sandy isle, abounding in birds, which received the name of the Shoal of Diana. A sand- bank was dis- covered on the 6th, on which the sea broke violently, and the tops of rocks were seen at intermediate spaces. On the 10th, before day- break, an agreeable fragrancy im- pregnated the air, announcing that land was near; and It was accordingly discovered before sun-rising. This is described as a most delicious country, divided, near the gea-coasty into groves and plains, bemnd which the land i ▼airAGBS mOVNO THB WOKLD. ritM, m the ibmi of an smphitheatre, till tbe tops 4f tbt moaotains are lost in the clouds. On the 14Nh not less than nine or ten islands were dis> cofeicd, and on the 20th a still greater number^ On the 25th high land was discovered, which appeared to terminate in a cape, which they doubled with a degree of transport that may be more easily conceived than de- scribed, as it was the point they had wished for a sight i)(, from a certainty that it would enable tliem to iifait tor ever the Archipelago of islandis, amidyt which they had been so long in hourly danger of shipwreck or starv- ing. This cape was called Cape Deliverance, and thd name of the Oulpb of the Louisiade was given to a bay^ of which the cape forms the easternmost point. July the 2d a cape was discovered, which was called Cape I'Averdi, on which were moantains of an astonish- ing height. On the 4th other mountainous land way di^ covered, from which came off five or six Indians, and» after lying on their oars some time, accepted some trifles which were thrown to them, exhibiting some cocoa-nuts, tay'mg, bouca, boued, onellet and seemed greatly pleased when the French repeated them. They then intimated, that they would fetch some cocoa-nuts^ but they had st-arcely left the ship's side, when one of them discharged an arrow, by which, however, no person was wounded. Two more islands were seen on the 6th, and, as the wood and water were expended^ and disease reigning aboard, the commodore resolved to land here, and, on the following afternoon, the ships came to an anchor. Two huts were discovered on the bank of a rivulet, not far from the encampment, and a boat, near which were Seen the remains of tires, some calcined shells, and tlie skeletons of some animals heads, which were tiiken for those of the wild boar. Some fresh bananas w«re found, which proves that the natives had but lately left the place. An extraordinary incident occurred. A Sea-r man looking for shells, found a plate of lead buried in the sand« on which the following letters were very visible. HOR'D HERE ICK MAJESTY'S The mark of the nails with wL %h the lead had been fus- tciied Appeared; and it is plain, 'hat the natives mi.«t BB kOUGAINVILLE.— 1768. 300 hMA'« torn off the plate and broken it. This gave rise to a diligent search, and, at about six miles from the water- ing-place, the very spot was found where some £ngli»h ship bad been before. In the afternoon of the 24th a favourable breeze en- abled the ships to get out to sea. Bougainville remarks, that this country must be New Britain, and that tiie great bay must be the same which Dampier calls St. George'? Bay; but that he had the happiness to land on a part of it where his wants could be supplied by the inhabitants. On the .31st a number of Indian boats attacked the Etoile with a volley of stones and arrows; but a single discharge of the musketry got rid of these troublesome companions. On the 4th of August two islands, were seen^ which are conjectured to be the same which Dam- pier distinguishes by the name of Matthias and Stormy, or Squally Island. On the 6th a third island was seen, and then the northern point of New Britain, which lies only 41 minutes south of the land. On the 7th a flat island was seen, covered with trees, abounding with coeoa-nuts, and certainly well inhabited, as appeared from the great number of houses that were seen on the shore. Fishing- boats in multitudes surrounding the island; but the fishermen took no notice of the snips. This received the name of the Island of Anchorets. From this time till the end of the month innumejrable small islands were observed every day ; the boat having landed on two islands, which neither produced any fruits, nor appeared to be cultivated, and indicated no signs of being inhabited, the ship was on the point of i«- turning, when an Indian rowed up to the ship's bust, without expressing the least sign of fear or astonishment The Frenchmen intimated, that they wanted food aiid liquor; on which he presented them with a kind of meal, and some water; in return for which they gave bin a looking-glass, a handkerchief, and some other trifles, which he received with indifference, and laughed nt the donors. It was conjectured that this negro iiad de- serted from one of the adjacent islands which have been settled by the Dutch. The number of them were for- merly seven, but they are now reduced to five liy enrtb- quakes. The crew of the Boudeuse took a turtltaa this spot, of not leas thaa 200 weight. 810 VOYAOK8 ROUND tHB WORLD. Early in the morning of the 31st our ^oyngtn Imd sight of the island of Ceram, which runs in a parallel east and west, ahounds in lofty mountains, and is partly cleared, and partly in its original state. At midnight, ^ number of fires attracted their attention to the island of Boero, where there is a Dutch factory, at the entrance dT the Oulph of Ci^eli, which the French had sight of at day-break. Their joy on this occasion is not to be ex* pressed, for at this time not half of the seamen were able to perform any duty, and the scurvy had raged so violently, that no man on-board was perfectly clear of It. What few provisions were on-board were absolutely rotten, and stunk intolerably. The astonishment of Aotourou, at thia first sight of an European settlement, mav be more easily conceived than described. He regarded every object with an intense^ uess of curiosity scarcely to be satisfied; but he wasipar- ticularly charmed with the hospitality of the Dutch. He supposed every thing freely given, as he did not see any thing returned by way of barter. Bougainville says, he behaved sensibly with respect to the Dutch^ to whom he intimated the consequence he was of in his own country, and. that his present voyage was merely plea- surable, with friends whom he esteemed. His constant practice was to imitate the manners of the French, both in their visits, and rural amusements. The knees of tliis Indian being distorted, he attributed, to that circum'^ stance, his not bein^ taken with the commodore on his first visit to the resident^ and actually desired some of the seamen to press their weight on his knees, to make them straight, ^ They sailed on the 7th Sept. and on the 13th the ships were surrounded with Indian boats, bringing parroquets, cockatoes, fowls, eggs, and bananas,which the natives sold fdk Dutch money, or exchanged for knives. These peo- ple were inhabitants of a considerable district on the mountains of Button, opposite the place where the ships lay at anchor. On this spot the land is cleared and cul- tivated, the property of different persons b^ing divided by ditches. iJome of the fields are enclosed by hedgea, and there are houses in these fields; besides which tmert are fteveral villages* By day-liglit on the 19th they were within about a IM. ftn liovoAiifyn.tte,— -1709. Jlll lc«^e of tbt eoast of Celebes, which in tbii |Mirt ii de- •cnbcd at one of the finest cduntries in the world. Im- mense herds of cattle grace on the plains, which are adorned with groves, while the coast is one continued plantation of the cocoa-nut-tree. They plains ar^ in most places cultivated and covered with bouses, while the mountains behind them add dignity and ornament to the whole picture. On the morning of the 26th the coast of Java appeared with the rising suh. Having come to an anchor for the night, the ships sailed early in the morning of the 27th, and, on the following night, came to an anchor, in fear of having past the port of Eki- tavia; but having sight of that town in the morning, they sailed into, and soon anchored in the road, happy to have, after so many toils, difficulties, and ^dangers reached a spot which they conceived would soon put a period, to all their misfortunes, by ensuring them a safe arrival in Europe. The ships sailed thence on the 16th Of October, 1768, and cleared the straits of Suuda on the 19th in the after- noon. By this time the crew were all perfectly reoo- vered of the scurvy, but a few remained ill of the bloOdy« flux. On the 20th the ships were in sight of the Isle of France, and, on the Bth of November, the Boudeuse an- chored in the port of that island; the Etoile, which had been unavoidably left behind, anchoring in the same port on the following day. They sailed from this the 12th of December, 1766, leaviuglhe Etoile behind them, to underf > gome necessary repairs* Without encountering any sin.«'ilar accident, they had sight of the Cape of Good Hope on the 18th of January, and came to an anchor in Table Bay on the - following morning. Bougainville quitted this on the 17tb,; anchored off St. Helena on the 4th of February^ where he remained till the 6th; and, on the 25th, joined the Swallow, commanded by Captain Carteret. Nothing material happened from this time till they had sight of the Isle of Ushant, when a violent squall of wind had nearly blasted the hopes of the voyage. On the 15th the commodore bore away for St. Maloes, which he en- tered on the following day, after an absence of two years and four months from his native country ; during' alt which time he had buried only seven of his crew, a cir« ttS ▼OTAGKS ROVMO TUB WORL^. c^Bitmcc thtt will be deemed truly attonitlihig, mhtn wc reflect on the variety of dangers tbejr had eaeMi»> tered and the aaiaaiog changes of cliuMta thej had «■• |»cfi«Med. M M. DE PAGlSs.— 17«7-71. , • DE PAGES having found an opportunity of gra- tifying bis predileetion for travelling, and of realisMig soflMof the schemes he had formed, embarked at Roch- fort, in 1766, for the island of St. Domingo; and alter dispatching his business there, sailed from Cape Fran- fois in a French vessel bound for New Orleans, on the last day of June, 1 767. , On the 28th of July they anchored opposite to New Orleanii about thirty leagues from the mouth of the river. The harbour is large and commodiouii. The bouses here are built of brick, and some of the public stf ttctares are extremely handsome. The complexioo of the people is (air; thev are personally robust, and in character cheerful and manly. The population, how- ever, is not very considerable ; for many planters and merchants disperse themselves up the country, and only visit the capital during their intervals of industry and traffic. M. de Pag^s having recovered a little from his fatigues, began to make enquiries respecting the practi- cability of travelling by land to New Spain, and leamiaj; that the last French settlemeut, named Nachitoches, was paly seven leagues distant from the first Spanish port of Ada^s, he resolved to undertake this perilous journey. At the distance of eighty leagues from the entrance of the Mississippi, they arrived at the confluence of the Red river, up which they sailed, and bid adiieu to the noble •oenery which had so long charmed their sight Thii streUB was comparatively languid and mean; the woods appeared dwarfish, and the soil ungenial. The port of Ada^s consists of about forty mean huto, constructed of slakes driven into the ground: There is a kind of fort, cnUed the Presidio ; and, at a little distance, stand a clnireh and a convent of Franciscans. According to the hast information M. de Pag^s could receive, Mexico was distant no less than 6&0 leagues. Thus precluded from M. DB PAOBS. — 176B. a)3 pMceediog, unlets he could form a kind of caravan, onr traveller accidentally heard that the governor of the pro- vince, who was recalled to Mexico, at that time lay ill, about fifty leagues distant, at a place called Na^uadoek. This gentleman he resolved to join, and throw himself on his protection. On his arrival he soon recovered his health, and had the pleasure to meet with a kind recep- tion from the governor. They set out on the 2d of November, being in all fifteen persons, with many mulct and horses. In the province of Tegas, particularly on the banks of its rivers, grow noble forests of oaks and cypresses, which, singly viewed, have often a veiy pic- turesque appearance. Roebucks were seen in nooks ; and, uuawcd by man, every animal seemed to consider itself as the deiiiien and the master of the soil; even the birds, which are naturally timid, perched on the backs of the mules. On the last day of November they arrived in safety at the settlement of San Antonio, having tra- velled 2fi0 leagues On the 20th of January, 1768, they arrived at Sartille, 160 leagues distant from San Antonio. This is a pretty large and populous town, occupied both by Indians and Spaniards. The churches and squares are not inelegant, and the streets are broad and clean. A number of mer- chants have fixed their residence here, because it is the chief mart for Indian productions. The Spaniard s, under an affectation of generosity, are both illiberal and selfish; in short, they have all the pride and stateliness of Cas- tile, without the noble, and generous qualities of the ge- nuine Spaniard. Here, for the first time in His travels, our author met with excellent wheaten bread. The gar- dens too produce many of the European fruits and vege- tables ; and the climate seems to be one of the most de- lightful in the world. On the 10th of Felnruary they continued their jouniey; mdj as they were now entering on a country liberaUy supplied with all the necessaries of life, they were re- lieved from the burthen of carrying their provisions. On the second day of his journey he arrived at the celebrated mines of Potosi, near which is a handsome well-built town, of the same name, surrounded by beautiful gat- dens. The streets are well laid out; the public build- ings magnificent, and the people opulent. But the In^ 9i4 VOYAOKS ROUND THB WORLD. diani secned crieyously oppressed throughout the whole province; and seem reluctantly to bear their yoke. The surrounding country is full of mineral riches* and still there is a great deal of real, though concealed poverty; for the facility with which money is acquired, induces habits of dissipation which lead to distress. Soon after leaving this place, our traveller ascended ipiountaina of considerable elevation; and for three dajfi saw nothing but large commodious villages, that inti- mated' his approach to the capital, which he descried from the heights on the 28th of February, and the same day had the pleasure to enter Mexico. It is well known that this, superb city stands in the centre of an extensive laJce, connected with the main-land by causeways, raised to a great height above the level of the water. The causeway by which our traveller entered the capital was at least 100 feet broad and three miles long. It rests on a series of arches, kept in excellent repair, which give a free passage to the briny waters ot the lake. The city of Mexico is about six leajs;ues in circumference, and is defended only by barriers in the form of turnpike-gates. The streets in general are broad, run in straight lines, and are adorned with elegant houses, three or four stories high. Tlie public buildings are most magnificent ; and tlw walks, squares, and gardens are delightful. After staying here three weeks, in expectation of some baggage coming up, and finding that it was delayed by the illness 4>f a person to whose care it was intrusted, M. de Pag6s resolved rather to proceed without it, than lose the chance of the galleon's sailing from Acapulco. Accordingly hie set out on the 28th of March, with no other companion than two mules. Hb impatience to get to the end of his journey was so great, that he over- looked losses and inconveniences. Acapulco is a miser- able little place, though dignified with the name of a city; and, being surrounded with volcanic mountains, its atmosphere is constantly thick and unwholesome. The harbour, however, is safe, beautiful, and ^extensive : and being the ordinary port for the Manilla galleon, it de- rives an importance from this circiimstance which has rendered it famous over all the word. During the time that our traveller sojourned here, they bad three slight jhocks of an earthquake. At first he perceived the ' I M. DB PAOB8. — 1708. 916 ground to tremble under him, and hemrd a noise like the rattling of a carriage over a rough pavement. Being then h^lf asleep, he did not immedititeiy guess the cause; but he was soon completely awakened by the screanu of women and children, who ran about the streets pouring forth their prayers, and exclaiming in one voice, *' Ave Maria I Ave Maria SantissimaT On the 2d of April, 1768, they let sail on their passage to Manilla. The ship was only tf 600 tons burthen, and was so crowded as to present tn idea of horrid confu sion. £ach conunon sailor was allowed a couple of servants; consequently, the domestics were much more numerous than their * mastery ; and, being all without order and discipline, gave occasion to terrible uproar. Having reached the thirteenth degree of latitude, they stood to the south-west with a faint breese. During the night they had frequent lightning, accompanied with loud claps of thunder. Soon after, the wind freshening, the sky became clear, and the rate of their sailing was accelerated, with the finest weather and the most beau- tiful sea that could be conceived. Nothing particular occurred during their voyage for many days. On the 9th of June they discovered the high mountains of Guam, one of the Marian Isles, and came to an anchor the following day off that island, opposite a small fort. This fort is three leagues from the pnncipal town, which is of some extent, and the ofdinary residence of the go- vernor. Having taken in fresh water and provisions, they put to sea asain on the 15th of June. Hitherto their pas- sage haa been extremely favourable, and they were now only 100 leagues from the Philippine Islands; but here the sky became suddenly overcast, and the weather rough and tempestuous. On the 17th the storm abated, when they found they had been carried greatly to the north- ward of their course, as it was a month since they had been able to take an observation. Afler a dead calm, and another storm of five days' duration, at last they came in view of Cape Spiritu Santo ; and having still a very dangerous passage of 100 leagues to Manilla, it was determined to winter on the Isle of Samar, where they anchored in the spacious road of Palapa, formed by three small islands, on the 1st of August. p2 die VOYAOB9 ROUND THE WORLD. Samar is blessed with such a fertile soil, that it re- walrds the industry of the husbandman at least forty-fold. Besides other grain, it produces a considerable quantity of rice. The common food, however, of the natives is potatoes, yams, anri a root named gaby. Agreeably to the example of the indians, our traveller lived entirely on roots, whose saccharine taste is more pleasant, and their qualities more nutritious, than the uniform use of insipid boiled rice, At first, this kind of food seemed heavy and flatulent; but soon became familiar to the stomach. He had, likewise, plenty of pork for his con- sumption, and sometimes eggs; besides a variety of deli- cious fruits, among which the cocoa-iiiit bore distin- guished pre-eminence. The common salute between the sexes, and of affection among relations, is here preceded by a gentle aspiration of incense on that part of the face to which the lips are meant to be applied. The Women wear an apron, which, after passing several times round the waist, falls down to the toe; and some of them have a petticoat, so very thin and transparent, that modesty obliges them to tuck up a corner of it in their girdle, by which one leg is exposed. Their shift is shorter than that of ihc men; but their head-dress is not very dif- ferent, except that they roll their hair high on the crown. Though they had been favoured with many intervals of fine weather, the wind was not propitious for their sailing till the end of September. On the 7th of Octo. ber, having got every thing on-board, they steered for Manilla. In passing the Straits of San Bernardino, they found a most rapid current, attended with whirlpools; but the direction of the stream being generally in their favour, and the wind increasing, they made a pretty rapid progress. Pursuing their course, and passing se- veral islands, on the 15th of October they anchored in Port Cavite, to the north east of the bay of Manilla. Cavite is the harbour chiefly frequented by the king's ships, while in the Philippine Isles. It is formed by a tongue of laud, on which stands an arsenal defended by excellent batteries of great extent. The town of this port is named St. Roch, and is well peopled with In- dians, who make active sailors and useful workmen. It stands about two leagues from Manilla. The city of Manilla is of considerable extent; the M. DE PAGES. — 1760. 31^ bat it re- ^orty-fold. : quantity natives is reeably to d entirely sant, and rm use of d seemed ar to the »r his Gon- ly of dcli- >re distin- itween tlie preceded )f the face he \Vomen nes round them have t modesty girdle, by orter than t very dif- the crown, intervals for their of Octo- teered for dino, they rhirlpools; y in their a pretty )assi'ng se- ichored in Manilla. the king's rmed by a fended by §rn of this with In- kmen. It streets are handsome, and the houses arc built in a con- ^enient style. The iuhabitants of the first distinction are affluent, and the generality are in easy circumstances. The taste for expence, luxury, and debauchery, however, is much less strong than in the Spanish American settle- ments. The gay, simple, and ingenuous manners of the Indians seem to have in some measure subdued the haughty and arrogant temper of the Spaniard; and an amiable example, to have been copied with a good effect by the Christians. The river which forms the harbour for trading-ships, flows under the city-walls, and sepa- rates Manilla from the town of St Croix. This last it almost equally well-built with the capital, and is popu- lous in Indians and Spaniards. At a small distance, on the opposite bank of the river, on the same side with Manilla, are several considerable towns, chiefly occupied by the natives. Few merchants or mechanics reside within the walls of Manilla. The great seat of manufac- ture, and the emporium of merchandize, is Parian, on the farther side of the river, which is pretty well built, and principally inhabited by the industrious Chinese. Among the inhabitants of Manilla, are Armenian merchants, Malays, natives of the Malabar coast, and of the king- dom of Siam, besides a few Japanese, who have ibeeu ac- cidentally thrown lon the coast, and ibave fixed their resi- dence here. Jt Js a law of the empire of Japan, that no subject shall sail out of the sight of land under pain of death : hence, such as happen to be forced by the vio« lence of the wind and weather to a different shore, re- nounce every idea of ever returning to their pative land. With an extreme deference for their superiors, they ate brave, sober, and intelligent. In their deportment, they are grave and sedate; hardy and robust in their persons ; and, though capable of enduring the severest toil, are little disposed to submit to more than they can well lavoid. As there was no ship to sail trom Manilla sooner than thut which was bound for Batavia, M. de Pag^s chose to embrace this opportunity of resuming his travels; and accordingly sailed from Manilla on the 7th of March» 1769, on-board a small vessel bound for Batavia; and, without any remarkable occurrence, anchiJred in that rpad on thq 16th of April. 818 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. M. de Pag^s found much entertainment in rambling mbout tiie streets of Batavia, each of which presents the griiy and pleasant effects of a beautiful promenade. On either side is a regular row of houses, veneered with a sort of tessellated bricks. Along the sides of each house» two or three steps from the ground, runs a terrace, which is separated from the adjoining building by benches, and covered with tents or booths, for the accommoda- tion of the proprietor and his friends. Beneath this ter- race is a space, six or seven feet wide, paved with flag, stones, which forms a path for foot-passengers. Conti- guous to this is a much larger space, covered with fine sand and gravel for carriages ; and, last of all, appears a row of bushy evergreens, cut in fan form, which lines each side of a canal of running water, about thirty yards wide. They set sail on the 2d of August, 1769, and doubling Bantam, they entered the Straits of Sunda. The wind soon proving unfavourable, and provisions growing short, it was first proposed to put into Rajapour, on the main- land; but the wind afterwards shifting to their wish, they held on their course for Bombay, and soon anchored off that island. The ship having dispatched her busi- ness, our traveller continued his voyage in her to Surat, where they arrived on the 7th of September. This is a very large and beautiful road, but much exposed to winds, and too remote from the land to be commodious. M . dc Pag^s proceeded, on the 6th of December, by the way of Bassan, to Salset, an island in the vicinity of Bombay, from which it is separated by a small channel. This is a very pleasant spot, though the soil is not fer- tile. The blossoms of various fruits and flowers per- fume the air; and at Pary, near the centre of the island, where our author took up his abode, no situation could be^more delightfully rural. Here he formed an ac- quaintance with several Bramins, fVom > lom he received, in many instances, muck kindness and civility. Having made a considerable stay on this island, about the end of January, 1770, having learned that a French vessel had anchored at Surat, he was desirous to embrace this op- portunity of writing to his friend h in Europe. Depart- ing, therefore, from Salset, in five days he arrived at Danou, whence it was easy to have letters conveyed to M. DE PAGES 1770. 9\9 Sorat. As he returned by Bassan, he had a second op- portunity of contemplating with admiration the simple; but civilized, manners of the natives. In the genius of the people, however, are certain shades of difference, chienv arising from the variety of religious opinions, or the diversity of origin. The Portuguese are vain and insolent ; the Mahometans, with all their simplicity, are prone to pride, and a haughty opinion of themselves: while the Gentoos, and particularly the Bramins, are un- affectedly simple, gentle, regular, and temperate. M. de Pag^s observes, that though all public offices centre in the Bramins, they arc peculiarly affable and condescending; and appear to be perfectly unacquainted with the meaning of " the insolence of office," a phrase so well understood in Europe. The different chambers of administration, as well as the courts of justice, are open to the inspection of the public; while those who preside in them are equally accessible to the lowest a» the highest. On the 20th of April they set sail for Bassora, in com pany with an English armed vessel, that protected them through the gulf, which is much infested by pirates. In thirteen days they dropped anchor at Mascate, which lies without the Straits of Ormus, aud consequently is a favourable situation for trade. Hence it serves as an emporium for the commerce of India and Persia. M. de Pag^s took this opportunity of going ashore, where he met with a native of Ispahan, who acted as agent for French affairs in this city. The houses are miserably built, but the number of fine gardens gives the place a cheerful appearance. High and almost inaccessible mountains surround it, and a handful of men may guard the access by land against a whole army. The iman of this kingdom affects to be the only genuine descendant of Mahomet. He possesses an extensive territory, and lives in great splendour in his capital, about five days' journey from Mascate. Bassora is subject, under the grand seignior, to the Bashaw of Bagdad ; who, however, possesses but a very limited authority, and finds it expedient to exercise much discretion in his conduct both to the Curds and Ara- bians. The English possess the ereatest part of the Bas- sora trade ;^ and as the Arabs, who compose the bulk of 9M VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. the inhabitants, are little civilized, and as the Turk» might- be inimical to their interests, they have had the address, under various pretexts, to get 500 national troops stationed ashore; and as their ships lie at anchor within gun-shot of the town, they are in a condition to overawe the inhabitants on any emergency that may render their interference requisite. In the exercise, however, of a most extensive commerce, the English have discovered the good policy of appearing open and liberal in thei^ transactions with strangers, and, as mer- chants, are deservedly esteemed. M. de. Pagis having waited on the French consul on the 25th of June, was politely received by him. Learning that a caravan had set out for Aleppo only fifteen days before, he saw with regret the opportunity he had lost of crossing the desert, and feared lest he should be detained here for a long space before the departure of another. His fears,^ how- ever, were of no long duration. A caravan of Bedouins, or Arabian shepherds, on their way to Aleppo, were now approaching the town; and having sent to enquire if any passengers were desirous to take the advantage of their protection, the French consul obligingly equipped M. de Pag^s for this expedition ; who, having assumed the Tur- kish habit, and made his best acknowledgments to his beneficent countryman, he departed, after being no more than three days in Bassora. The wealth of an Arab consists in his flocks and his herds. His horses, and particularly his mares, are of great value; and, as he is fond of horsemanship, they are his greatest favourites. An Arabian horse feeds only once a-day, and then moderately, and at the same time that he is one of the fleetest animals in the world, he is also one of the most abstemious. The camel, though less valued, is of no less consequence to his master. He serves to transport his family and property from one part of the desert to another, and besides, is an article of traffic for grain and other necessaries of life. As the general aspect of the desert is that of a vast plain, bounded on all sides by the horizon, in vain does the rov- ing eye of the traveller seek to rest on some intervening object; and, therefore, after flitting over a dismal waste of grey sand and scorched brambles, it returns at last, languid and fatigued to enjoy a little relaxation in a va- he Turk» e had the ) national at anchor ndition to that may » exercise, le Eaglish open and d, as mer- ;is having June, was aravan had e saw with the desert, for a long fearsy' how- f Bedouins, I, were now |uire if any ge of their bped M. de Ed the Tur- ints to his ng no more :» and his |res, are of iship, they feeds only same time orld, he is [though less istcr. He from one in article of fe. As the jvast plain, »es the rov- intervening Ismal waste is at last, >n in a va- M. DE PAGES. —1770. 321 riety of herds and other Arabian property with which it is surrounded. A deep and mournful silence reigns over the dreary landscape ; neither beast, bird, nor insect, is. seen to diversify the sad uniformity of the scene. After three days' farther progress, towards evenings they descried about twelve Arabs with a number of ca- mels. The chief of the caravan, tempted perhaps by the smallness of the party, ordered his men io give chase; and in their flight they dropped some linen, bottles, and clubs. This exploit was by no means agreeable to M. de Pag6s, he reflected on the probable consequences of it; he felt for its injustice. The night, however, passed without molestation, and next morning they resumed their journey; but, about noou, on a sudden, they saw a body of armed men ridingiull speed towards them. The Bedouins stopped their camels, and entered into a con- ference with a messenger, who came to treat with them on the part of the enemy. No agreement, however^ could be made; the Arab returned to his friends, and the people of the caravan flew to arms. The enemy advanced in order of battle, to the num- ber of 500 men, while the force on our traveller's side consisted only of 150- The Bedouins, however, waited their approach with steadiness and resolution, shouting Alia ou Alia! an invocation to God to witness the Jus^ tice of their cause. A running flght s(H>n commenced ; while the Arabs, trusting to their numbers, seemed dis- posed to surround the caravan, and declined coming to close quarters. The engagement continued to be maintained in this indecisive manner till the approach of night, when the main body of the enemy retiring to a considerable dis- tance from the caravan, gave the musketeers an oppor<: tunity of closing their ranks. On the side of the Be S22 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. vised him to abandon the most weighty part of his pro- visions, and to stick fast to his dromedary. After riding with all their mi^'ht three leagues, a party of seven per- sons, of whom M . de Pag^s was one, happening to be tojgether, resolved to detach themselves entirely from the scattered remains of the caravan ; and what became of the rest he never knew. By making a large circuit round the region they had just traversed, they resumed their former direction without seeing any more of their friends or enemies. After a short halt m the evening, the Bedouins judged it necessary to proceed, and the following morning they discovered the banks of the Eu- phrates, on which stood a solitary building; but sud- denly observing a company of Arabs, they turned the heads of their camels, and fled full speed. Next day, having rested in some hollows, they continued their journey along the sides of the bills, as soon as it was oasky from the dread of felling in with the natives. This fAUtion proved extremely fortunate; for next morning, having gained the first ridge, and looking down upon the plain, tney saw it crowded with Arabian camps, and could not help congratulating themselves on their escape. Harassed by marches and countermarches, by fear, fa- tigue, and want, our traveller had such a confusion of ideas, that he could not ascertain the situation of the place near which they were ; but thought it corresponded most with that of the ancient city of Damascus. This town is large and populbus. The houses towards the streets make but an indifferent appearance; but have a handsome garden front. The city contains manufac- tures of different kinds, and the markets are elegant and well supplied. The district inhabited by the Christians is mean, and in every respect inferior to the other quar- ters of the town. The great trade and population of Damascus^ as well as the high veneration it holds among the Musselmen, originate from its being the place of ren- dezvous for the Mahometan pilgrims of Europe, and part of Syria, in their way to Mecca; hence h has been dig- nified with the title of Mahomet's Heel. This caravan is conducted by the Bashaw of Damas- cus, who receives a considerable sum from the Porte on this account, as well as to maintain the military force, find to keep certain castles in the desert in repair. At 1 M. DE PAGES. — 1770. 323 fixed stations, the caravan of Damascus is joined by the pilgrims from Bagdad and Cairo, who all arrive at Mecca, either at the solemnity of Courban Beyran, or Abraham's Sacrifice; or at the end of Ramadan, corresponding to the Jewish passover. The Jesuits of Damascus were kind and attentive to M. de Pag^s to the last degree; and in a city where the people are uncommonly cruel and ferocious, and which, properly speaking, does not contain one resident European, their hospitality was the more gratefully felt. At his departure, after passiuj; nearly a week in Damascus, these good fathers furnished him with a guide to Baruth, on the borders of the Medi- terranean. They arrived at Baruth about nine ii> the morning, when M. de Pag6s went to a convent of Capuchin friars,, from whom he received a hearty welcome^ The supe- rior of this convent gave our traveller all the information he wanted respecting his route to Quesrouan, a district of Lebanon, which he was inclined to visit ; and, after two days' stay at Baruth, in which city Christians and Mahometans live on friendly terms,, he continued his journey. The impregnable situation of the country uf Quesrouan has naturally pointed it out as an asylum for all the pro- fessors of Christianity and Asiatic Turkey; and hence it has become the residence of many bishops and the seat of a considerable number of convents for both sexes. Among the former are the patriarch of the Greek church; the patriarch of Antiocb, wha presides over the sect of the Maronites; and the patriarch of Armenia, who su- perintends several convents, under the rule of his. own ritual. The people, in general, we addicted to reli- gion ; vice and immorality are little known among them. Though the women are not secluded from, public view, chastity is so highly esteemed, that an unmarried female, who happens, ta become pregnant,^ is. sure to be sacri- ficed by the hands of her own relations.; and a fa:nily would consider itself as dishonoured, should the person who marries a daughter out of it, be unable to produce proofs of his bride's virginity. Desirous of seeing the manners of a people so little visited, in their true and genuine colours, our traveller having spent a few da vs. at Jelton„ set out in his route to Misra, a village lying at ik^, 824 VOYAGES ROUND THE WOBLD* foot of the highest mountain in Quesrouan. The country through which he passed was highly picturesque, ana many spots were eminently beautiful. After ascending and descending several hills, studded with mulberry- trees, and finely cultivated spots, he at last arrived at Mafra, an open village of considerable extent. Quitting this village, he directed his course again to Baruth, which he reached after an absence of ten days, which time he had spent in exploring the mountains of Quesrouan. The friar of the Cupuchm convent received him with cordiality, and informed him that a king's xebec which had arrived from France, on a cruise off tlie coast of Syria, was expected in a few days to enter the port of Sidon, about eight lengues distant. On this information, M . de Pag^s immediately set out for that port, and, on the 25th of August, waited on the French consul there, who received him with the most marked attention ; but he had the mortification to find that the xebec had aU ready sailed for Candia. Disappointed in his views, he now resolved to proceed to Acre, from whence he ex- pected frequent opportunities of sailing for France; but it seems his fame as a traveller had preceded him, and the French consul, after many enquiries concerning his late expeditions, pressed him to stay with him a little longer, to recruit his health, which was considerably broken by fatigue. The consul's lady joined in the same request. The natives of these mountains are extremely disaf- fected to the Turks. They are sensible it is to their own bravery, and the inaccessible nature of their mountuins, that they owe their happy independence. The Druses are well affected towards the Christians in general; but holding themselves descended from a French ancestry, who are said to have taken refuge in this district, after their expulsion from the Holy Land, they have more than a common regard for the natives of that country. The principles indeed which, according to their histo- rians, actuated the subjects of the old mail of the moun- tain, still influence the minds of some individuals. The industrious character of the natives displays itself in the cultivated state of their mountains, many parts of whici) present the face of a tine garden. Springs, judiciously directed, water their niulberry-pljiitatioiis, which con- M. OE PAOB8.— 1771. 326 fttitute the wealth of the country. Such is the superior (|uaiity and high value of the silk raised here, that the Inrtiier obtains from. his mulberry-tree, at little cxpence and labour, a comfortable subsistence for his family. M. de Pag^s now paid a visit to the town of Dairel- Kamar, situated on the banks of the Thamour, on the side of a mountain. The palaces, or seraglios, belong*> ing to the emirs of the reigning family, are fine build- ings; the churches are handsome, and constructed in a good taste; and the mansions of some of the sheiks and commandants have large and commodious apartments ; but the generality of the buildings are mean. The Druses do not exceed one-half of the inhabitants, while the remainder are Maronites, or Greek Christians. Some of the institutions among the Druses are very singular. A mountaineer is never seen without the walls of hi« cottage unarmed ; and, by the maxims of a law, which custom has established, a man has a right to repel force by force, and to redress his wrongs in the best manner he can; and, therefore, whoever considers himself as in- sulted, dispatches his antagonist the moment he finds an opportunity. This is certainly a deplorable laxity of go- vernment. Again, a man who gives his daughter in mar- riage to any but one of his own relations, is considered i>s bringing a reproach on himself and his tribe; and the consequences arc sometimes fatal. Families of the same blood entertain the most clannish attachment; insomuch, that whoever offers an afiront to one, is held to be in a »tate of hostility with the whole tribe. Hence many acts of violence arise; and the offender has no other means of security than by putting himself under the protection of some chief, who, under the mask of hospitality, shel- ters him from the pursuit of his enemies. M. de Pag6s now made a second visit to his friend, the pastor of Mafra, taking Aintoura and Jelton in his way. He was every where received with kindness and hospitality; and having now made a considerable stay in this part of Asia, and being desirous of passing into Eu- rope, he proceeded directly to St. Jean d'Acre, a port much frequented by the trading ships of Marseilles. Finding a vessel there, he set sail for Marseilles, in the end of June, 1771, when they bore away for Cyprus, which having coasted, they stretched to the i^nrUiward, 326 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. to catch the breeze from that quarter, which they fell in with on the cost of Caramania. On the 15th of October, they came to an anchor at the Isle of Malta, where our traveller met several French frigates, and on-board them some of his old companions, whose friendship was not abated by his long absence. Having afterwards touched at Tunis, on some business^ they again got under sail ; but being retarded by con- trary winds, Ihey did not reach Palma, in Sardinia, till the 27tfa of November. Remaining here for a few days« they proceeded on their voyage, and, on the 5th of De- cember, 1771, M. de Pag^s, with gratitude to Providence for his preservation to the end of his travels, again »et his foot on his native soil. Ml CAPTAIN COOK.— 1768-1771. lR. banks, a gentleman of considerable fortune m ijncolnshire, was induced to undertake this voyage from curiosity, and an invincible desire of attaining know- ledge. He engaged his friend Dr. Solander, a Swede, to accompany him in this voyage. Mr. Banks also took with him two draftsmen, and had besides a secretary and four servants. Lieutenant James Cook was to command the expedition. On the 26th of August, 1760* the Endeavour sailed from Plymouth; the islands of Puerto Santo and Madeim were discovered on the 12th of September, and the next ^ day they anchored in Fonchial road. The Endeavour sailed thence September the 19th. On the 22d they saw the Islands of Salvages, northward of the Canaries. The chief of these islands was about five leagues to the south one half west. These islands appear to lie in lati- tude 30 deg. 11 min. north. The 23d saw the Peak of Teneriffe, bearing west by south* This mountain is near 15,400 feet high. On the 29th perceived Bona Vista, one of the Cape de Verd Islands, lying in latitude 16 deg. north, and longitude 21 deg. 48 min. west. Oii the 13th of November made sail for the harbour of Rio- de-Janeiro. Mr. Hicks, the Hirst lieutenant, was sent before in the pinnace to the city, to inform the governor. 1-1 cuoK. — ^1760. 8*27 they put in there for refreshments and water, and to ob« tain a pilot. Captain Cook went on-shore on the 14th, and obtained leave to purchase provisions, and having requested that the gentlemen onboard might remain on-shore whilst they sojourned, and that Mr. Banks might go up the country to collect plants, these requests were peremptorily refused. December the 8th, 1768, having procured all neces- sary supplies, they left Rio-de-Janeiro. On the I4th of January entered the Strait of Le Maire; but the tide being against tliem, were driven out with great violence, and the waves ran so high, that the ship's bowsprit was frequently under water; at length, however, they got anchorage at the entrance of a little cove, which Cap- tain Cook called St. Vincent's Bay. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander set out from the ship on / the 16th, with the design of going into the country, and ^ returning in the evening. Having entered a wood, they ascended tlie hill through a pathless wilderness till the afternoon. The morning had been very fine, 1>ut the weather now became cold and disagreeable; the blasts of wind were very piercing, and a shower of snow fell. Mr. Buchan, one of the draughtsmen, fell into a fit. It was absolutely necessary to stop and kindle a fire, and such as were most fatigued remained to assist him ; but Messrs. Banks, Solander, Green and Monkhouse, pro- ceeded and attained the spot they had in view. Upon returning, they found Mr. Buchan much recovered. They had previously sent Mr. Monkhouse and Mr. Green back to him and the others, in order to bring them to a hill, which was conjectured to lie in a better track for re- turning to the wood. The whole party met there at eight in the evening. Dr. Solander having often passed mountains in cold countries, was sensible that extreme cold, when joined with fatigue, occasions a drowsiness, that is not easily resisted; he accordingly entreated his friends to keep in motion, however disagreeable it might be to them; his words were, *' Whoever sits down, will sleep; and whoever sleeps, will wake no more." Every one sei^nied accordingly armed with lesolution; but on a sudden the cold became so very intense, as to threaten the most direful effects. It was very remarkable, that Dr. Solander himself, who had so forcibly admonished bis I 328 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. party, should be the first who insisted upon being suf- fered to repose. In spite of the most earnest intreaties, ^he lay down amidst the snow, and it was with great dif- ficulty they kept him awake. When a black servant was informed, that if he remained there he would soon be frozen to death; he replied, that he was so exhausted with fatigue, that death would be a relief to him. Doctor Solander said he was not unwilling to go, but that he must first take some sleep, notwithstanding what he had before declared to the company. Thus resolved, they both sat down, supported by bushes, and in a short time fell fast asleep. Intelligence now came from the ad- vanced party, that a fire was kindled about a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks then waked the doctor, who had almost lost the use of his limbs already, though it was but a few minutes since he sat down. Every measure taken to relieve the black proved inef- fectual; he remained motionless, and they were obliged to leave him to the care of the other black servant and a sailor, who appeared to have been the least hurt by the cold. Mr. Banks and four others went forth at twelve o'clock and met the sailor, with just strength enough to walk; he was immediately sent to the fire, and they proceeded to seek for the two others. They found Richmond, one black servant, upop his legs, but incapa- ble of moving them ; the other black was lying senseless upon the ground. All endeavours to bring them to the fire were fruitless, nor was it possible to kindle one upon the spot, on account of the snow that had fallen, and was still falling, so that there was no alternative, but to leave the two unfortunate negroes to their fate, making them a bed of boughs of trees, and covering them very thick with the same. On the 17th in the morning, at lay-break, nothing presented itself around but snow, (he trees being equally covered with it as the ground. However, about six in the morning they were flattered with a dawn of hope of being delivered, by discovering tiie sun through the clouds, which gradually diminished. Previous to setting out, messengers were dispatched to the unhappy negroes, who returned with the melancholy news of the ir death. In about tbree hours, to their great " satisiactinmfound themselves upon the shore, much nearer to the ship uian their most sanguine expectations coi>M ,»•!»• ■JH; ,^.:w'*„'\'* A COOK. — 17dO. 320 ( have flattered them. When they took a retrospect ot their former route from the sea, they found, that instead of ascending the hill in a direct line, they had made a circle almost round the country. January the 26th, Captain Cook sailed from Cap« Horn. The farthest southern latitude he made was 60 deg. 10 min., by 74 deg. 30 min. west. March the 1st, were in latitude 38 deg. 44 min. south, and longitude 110 dee. 33 min. west, as well by observation as by the log; which concurrence, after a course of 660 leagues, was judged very singular. April the 4th, a servant to Mr. Banks discovered land, three or four leagues distant. It was found to be an island of an oval form, with a lake or lagoon in the centre; the border of land was in many places low and narrow, especially towards the south, where the beach consisted of a reef of rocks. Captain Cook came within a mile on the north-side, but found no bottom nor an- chorage. There appeared along the beach some of the inhabitants, with pikes or poles in their hands, twice the height of themselves. This island was in latitude 18 dcj;. south ; longitude 130 deg. 28 min. west, and was naine tions of islands, their extent being near nine leagues. Some of these were ten miles or more in length, and pro^ duced trees of different kinds, among which was the cocoa-nut. Several of the inhabitants came out in ca- noes, and two appeared to have a design of coming on- board, but stopped at the relef. Next day discovered another island, judged to be in compass about five miles. 390 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. It was very low, with a piece of water in the centre, and appeared to abound in wood and verdure, but no inha** bitants were visible. It was called Bird Island, from the number of them flying about. The 8th, saw land to the north. This seemed to be a chain of low islands, of an oval figure, and consisted of coral and sand, with a few clumps of small trees, and in the middle of it a lagoon. It was, from its appearance, called Chain Island. On the 10th, after a tempestuous night, saw Osnaburgh Island, called by the natives Maite. This island is high and circular, about four miles in circumference, partly naked and rocky, and partly covered with trees. The same day, on looking out for the island to which they were destined, saw land ahead. Next morning it appeared very high and mountainous, and was known to be King George the Third's Island, so namt:d by Cap- tain Wallis, but by the natives called Otaheite. They lay off and on till the 13th, and then entered Port Roy&l Harbour, anchoring within half a mile of the shore. A great number of natives immediately came off in canoes, bringing with them bananas, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, ap- ples, and some hogs, which they bartered with the ship's crew for beads and other trinkets. When the ship was properly secured, the captain went on-shore with Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, a party under arms, and an old Indian. They were received by some hundreds of the natives, who were struck with such awe, that the first who approached crept almost upon his hands and knees. He presented them branches of trees, the usual symbol of peace. This was received, on the part of the English, with demonstrations of satisfaction and friendship; and they gathered some, and followed the example of the na- tives. They were conducted toward the place where the Dolphin had watered. The whole circuit was near four miles, through groves of trees of cocoa-nuts and bread- fruit. Beneath which, were the habitations of the na- tives, consisting of only a roof, destitute of walls. In this peregrination the gentlemen were not a little disap- point ::d at finding very few fowls or hogs. The loth in the morning, several of the chiefs, one of whom was very corpulent, came on board from the other point, bringing with them hogs, bread-fruit, and other refreshments. This day the captain, attended by Mr. I '\ f Hi COOK.— 1769. 33t Ranks and others, went on-shore to fix on a proper spot to erect a small fort for their defence. The latter hav- ing suspected, from seeing few hogs or poultry in their walks, that they had been driven up the country, it was resolved to penetrate into the woods, some m&rines and a petty officer being appointed to guard the tent in the interim ; several of the natives accompanied the gentle- men in this r^xcursion. Upon crossing a little river Mr. Banks perceiving some ducks, fired, and killed three. The Indians were struck with the utmost terror at this event, which occasioned them to fall suddenly to the ground, as if they had been shot at the same time. Be- fore this party had gobe much farther, they were alarmed by the discharge of two pieces, fired by the tent-guard. Upon their return, it appeared that an Indian had taken an opportunity to snatch away one of the centinePs mus- kets; whereupon a young midshipman, very imprudently, ordered the marines to fire, which they did, when seve- ral Indians were wounded, but as the criminal did not fall, they pursued and shot him dead. The rort began to be erected on the 18th. Some of the company were employed in throwing up entrench- ments, whilst others were occupied in cutting fascines and pickets, which the Indians of their own accord cheerfully assisted in bringing from the woods. This day the natives brought down such quantities of bread- fruit and cocoa-nuts, that it was necessary to reject them, and to intimate, that the company would not want any for two days. Mr. Banks's tent being got up, he, for the first time, slept on-shore. On the 19th, Tubora Tu- maida visited Mr. Banks at his tent, and brought with him, besides hift wife and family, the materials for erect- ing a house, in the neighbourhood of the fort, where he designed to reside. Without the lines a sort of market was established, which was tolerably well supplied. Tubora Tumaida became Mr. Banks's and the othier gen- tlemen's frequent guest; he adopted their manners, and was the only one of his countrymen who had attempted to use a knife and fork. On the 24th Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander made an ex- cursion into the country, which they found to be level and fertile for about two miles along the shore to the 9d2 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. eastward, after which, the hills reached quite to the wa- ter's edge, and farther on they ran out into the sea. -On the 25th, several of their knives were missing ; upon which Mr. Banks, who had lost his among the rest, accused Tubora Tumaida with having stolen it, which caused him to be very unhappy, as he happened to be innocent. Mr. Molineux, master of the Endeavour, see- ing a woman, whose name was Oberea, he declared she was the person he judged to be the queen of the island, when he came there in the Dolphin. The eyes of all were now fixed on her who had made so distinguished a figure in the accounts given by the first discoverers of this island. The person ,oi' the queen was of a large make, and tall ; she was about forty years of age, her skiu white ; her eyes had great expression, and she had been handsom^l, but her beauty was now upon the de- cline. She was soon conducted to the ship, and went on-board, accompanied by some of her family. Many presents were made her, particularly a child's doll, which seemed the most to engross her attention. Captain Cook accompanied her on-shore, when she presented him with a hog and some plantains, which were carried to the fort in procession, Oberea and the Captain bring- ing up the rear. They met Tootahah, who, though not king, seemed to be at this time invested with a sovereign authority. He immediately became jealous of the queen's having the doll, which made it necessary to compliment him with one also. On the 5th, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, with the c&ptain, set out in the pinnace, with one of Tootahah's people : they soon reached Eparre, the place where he dwelt, which was but a few miles to the west of the tents. Upon their arrival, they found great numbers of people upon the shore waiting for them. They were immedi- ately conducted to the chief, whilst the people shouted round them, Taio Tootahah, "Tootahah is you* Triend;" they found him sitting under a tree, and some old men standing round him. As soon as he had made signs for them to sit down, he asked for his axe, which Captain Cook presented with a shirt and a broad-cJoth garment, with which he seemed greatly pleased. After eating, an entertainment was provided for them, consisting of wrest- Ung. The chief sat at the upper end of the area, with COOK. — 1769. 33S seyeral of h» principal men on each side, by way of judges, from whom the conquerors receiTed applause. Ten or twelve combatants entered the area/ and after many simple ceremonies of challenging each other, they engaged, endeavouring to throw one another by dint of strength ; then seizing hold of each other by the thigh, the hand, the hair, or the clothes, they grappled withont the least art, till one was thrown on his back ; this con* quest was applauded by some words from the old men, and three huzzas. After one engagement succeeded another, but if they could not throw each other during the space of a minute, they parted, either by consent, or the intervention of their friends. On the 15th, Mr. Banks detected Tubora Tamaida, in having stolen some nails. He had had a good opinion of this chief, and was willing to put his fidelity to the test ; several temptations were th/own in his way, among the rest, a basket of nails, which proved irresistible. He confessed tbe fact, and upon Mr. Banks's insisting upcn restitution, he declared the nails were at Eparre ; this occasioned high words, and at length the Indian pro- duced one of them. He was to have been forgiven upon restoring the rest, but not having resolution to fulfil his engagement, fled with his furniture and family before night. Tootahah sent many messages to request a visit from the captain, declaring he would acknowledge the compliment by a present of some hogs. Mr. Hicks, the first lieutenant, was sent, in hopes of getting the hogs without the visit. He was received in a very friendly manner, at a place called Tettehah, five miles fartheif to the westward, where Tootahah had taken up his resi- dence. He brought away one hog only, which bad been produced immediately upon his arrival, with a promise of receiving more the next morning ; hut, when morning came, he was obliged to depart without them. On the 27th, Tootahah being removed to a place called Atahourou, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Captain Cook, and some others, set out in the pinnace to pay him a visit ; after making presents of a few trifling articles, they were invited to stay the night. Mr. Banks having accepted of a place in Oberea's canoe, left his companions in order to retire to rest. Notwithstanding the care Oberea took of his clothes, by having them in her own custody, thev 3d4 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. were stolen, with his pistols, powder-horn, arid many other things in his pockets. The alarm was given to Tootahah, Vho slept in the next carioe, and who went with Oberea in search of the thief, leaving Mr. Banks nearly naked, and his musket uncharged. Thev soon returned, but without success ; Mr. Banks thought pro- per to put up with the loss for the present, and a second time endeavour to sleep. But he had scarce composed himself, before he heard some music, and perceived lights at a small distance from shore ; this proved to be a con- cert, which they call Heiva. As soon as he approached the lights, he found the hut, where Mr. Cook, and three of his associates lay, and began to relate his melancholy tale ; but, instead of receiving much comfort from them, he was told that they had shared the same fate, having lost their stockings and jackets. However, this did not prevent their hearing out the concert, which consisted of drums, flutes, and several < voices, after which they re- tired to rest. Some Indians from a neighbouring island, to which Captain Wallis gave the name of Duke of York's island, informed them of more than twenty islands in the neigh- bourhood of Otaheite. They now began to make neces- sary preparations for the transit of Venus, and Mr. Cook sent out two parties to make observations from different spots, that in case they failed at Otaheite, they might succeed elsewhere. And on the 1st of June, the next Saturday, being the day of the transit, they sent the long- boat to Eimayo, having on-board Mr. Gore, Mr. Monk- house, and Mr. Sporing, a friend of Mr. Banks ; each fur- nished with necessary instruments by Mr. Green. In a morning's excursion, Mr. Banks met several ot the natives, who were itinerant musicians, and the plac^ of the evening's rendezvous being known, all the Eng- lish gentlemen went thither to partake of the diversion. Their instruments were flutes and drums, and a great number of the Indians were got together upon the occa- sion. The drummers sung to the music, and to the as- tonishment of Mr. Banks and the rest of his companions, they found that they were the chief subject of the min- strels lays. These songs must, therefore, have been ex- temporaneous, the rewards whereof were such necessa- ries as they required* Ai> iron coal-rake for the oven COOK. - 1769. 9^% being stolen, in the night of the 14tb, with many other things, the captain judged it of consequence to put an end to these practices, by making it their common in- terest to prevent it He had already given strict or- ders, that the centiuels should not fire upon them, even if detected in the fact. About tr/enty-seven of their double canoes were just come in with cargoes of fish, which the captain seized, and then gave notice, that un- less the rake, and all the other things which had at dif- ferent times been stolen, were returned, the vessels should be burnt. He had, indeed, no such design, as will appear by the event. The menace produced no other effect than the restitution of the rake, all the other things remaining in their possession ; at length, the cap- tain thought proper to give up the cargoes, as the inno- cent natives were in great distress for want of them ; and at last, to prevent confusion, from the difficulty of ascertaining to whom the different lots belonged, he pro- mised also to release the canoes. On the 19th, while the canoes were detained by the captain, Oberea paid the gentlemen a visit; she came from Tootahah's palace, in a double canoe, and brought with her a hog, bread-fruit, and other presents, among which was a dog ; but none of the things that had been stolen : these she pleaded had been taken away by her saUant Obadee, for which she had beaten him. She did not, however, seem to think her story deserved cre- dit, but appeared at first much terrified, though she surmounted her fears with much fortitude ; and was de- sirous of sleeping with her attendants in Mr. Banks's tent; but this being refused, she was obliged to pass the night in her canoe. The captain declined accepting of her presents, at which she seemed very sorrowful. The next morning she refurned to the fort, and Captain Cook having altered his mind accepted them. Two of her at- tendants were' very earnest in getting tliemselves hus- bands, in which they succeeded, by means of the surgeon and one of the lieutenants. Dogs are esteemed here more delicate than pork ; as those bred to be eateu taste no animal food, but live entirely upon vegetables, and the experiment was tried. Tupia undertook to kill 4ind dress one, which he did, by making a hole in the 330 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. ground and baking him. It was agreed by every one to be a very good dish. They were visited on the 21st at the fort by many of the natives, and among the rest Oamo, a chief of several districts on the island, whom they had never before seen, who brought with him a hog. This chief was treated with great respect by the natives, and was accompanied by a boy and a young woman. The boy was carried upon a man's back, though very able to walk. Oberea and some other of the Indians went out of the fort to meet them, their heads and bodies being first uncovered as low as the waist. This was considered as a mark of respect not noticed before, but judged it was usually shewn to persons of distinguished rank among them. Oamo entered the tent, but the young woman, who was about sixteen, could not be prevailed upon to accompany him, though she seemed to combat with her cufiosity and inclination. Dr. Solander took the« youth by the hand, and conducted him in ; but the natives without, who had prevented the girl's entrance, soon found means to get him out again. The curiosity of the gentlemen being excited from these circumstances, they made en- quiry who these strangers were, and were informed^ that Oamo was Oberea's husband, but that by mutual consent they bad been for a considerable time separated ; and that the youth and girl were their offspring The boy was named Terridiri, and was heir-apparent to the sove- reignty of the island ; and he was to espouse his sister as soon aft he had attained a proper age. The present sove- reign being a minor, called Outou, and son of Whappai ; Whappai, Oamo, and Tootahah, were all brothers; Whappai was the senior, and Oamo the next ; wherefore, Whappai having no child but Outou, Terridiri, son of Oamo, was heir to the sovereignty. To us it will ap- pear singular, that a boy should reign during the life of his father; but in the Island of Otaheite, a boy succeeds to his father's authority and title as soon as he is born ; when a regent is elected, which o^lice usually falls upon the father, till the boy becom of age : at this time, however, the election had fallen upon his uncle Too- tahah, on account of his warlike exploits. Oamo wta very inquisitive with respect to the English, and by his rit"-^-^ COOK. — 1789. 997 questioni be appeared a man of UDderstanciiiig mid peoetration. fw June 26, the captain let out in the pinnace, accom- panied by Mr. B^ks, to circumnavigate the island. Thev sailed to the eastward, and in the forenoon went on-snor^y in a part of the island under the government of Ahio, a young chief, who had often visited them at the tents. They landed in a district which was governed by a chief, named Maraitata, the bury ing-place of men, and his father was called Pahairede^ the stealer of boats. Notwithstanding their names were so ominous, tiiey gave the party a very civil reception, furnished them with provisions, and sold them a laigehog for ahfttchet. Towards the southernmost part of the istond they found a good harbour, formed by a reef, and the circumjacent country is remarkably fruitful. They landed again a little uurther to the. east. Mathiabo, the chief, with whom they had no acquaintance, nor had ever seen be- fore, soon came to them, and supplied then with cocoa- nuts and bread-fruit. Th^ were now near the district named Papana, governed by Oamo and Oberea, where tbey intended to ^|>end the night. Mr. Banks and his company landed about an hour before it was dark, and f^und they were both set out to pay a visit at the fort. They, nevertheless, ^pt at the house of Oberea, which, though not large^ was very neat ; no inhabitant but her father was now in possession of it, wtho shewed thciii much civility. The gentlemen of the Endeavour, it htn been observed, did not find Oberea possessed of the same power as when the Dolphin was at this place, and they were now informed of the cavse. The way from her house to the Morai was by the sea-side, and ^ley observed, in all places as they passed along, a great number of human bones. Inquiry >beiug made into the cause of this, they were informed, that, about four or five months before Captain Cook's arrival, the inhabit- ants of Tiarrabou, the peninsula to the south-east, made a descent here, and slew many of the people, whose bones were those that were seen upon the coast : that hereupon Oberea and Oamo, who then held the govern- ment for his son, had fled and taken refuge in the monn- tains ; and that the victors destroyed all the bouses and pillaged the country. Mr. Banks was also informed. 398 VOTAOK8 ROUND THB WORLD. that the turkey and goose which he had! icen in the dift- trict of Malhiabo were among the booty ; this ftVbrded a'leasou for their being found where the Dolphin had little or no correspondence; and the jan^-bones'bein^ mefitiQned, which had been seen hansfng in a house, he was informed that they had likewise been tartied off as trophies; the jaw-bones of their enemies being consi- dered by the natives of this island as great a inark of triumph as scalps are by the Indians of North America. July 1, returned to the fort at Port Royal Harbour ; haying discovered the island, both peninsulas included, to be about IQO miles in circumfer^ncie. " ^^^ ^ ^ They now began to make preparattons for tlief^ de- parture; but, before they set sail, th)ey had another visit from Oamo, Oberea, and their ^on and daughter. The 10th, two marines being, nussinlg, an inquiry ^as made after them, when the Indiiins declared tMy did not prb«> pose returning, having each taken a wife. In ^on^liqAente of which it was intimated to several of the ^chiefs wh6 were iU the fort with their women, nmoi^ vrftom were TuiiorU Tumaida, Tomid, and Ofoerei^, that they would not be suffered to <|uit it till the deserters wcir«|ir^uC4ed. Mr. Hicks was iiUmediately dispafchecl in the loM|^bdiit» with several m«n, for them, at the same tiitfe Gaptalh 6o0k told Tootahah, that it was incnmbeift oir him td assist them with some of his people, and to gi#e drders, in his Uame, thatthe men should be set at itttiirty, for th^t he should expect him to answer for the «ycWt. Tuotahah immedhitely complied, and thil patty recovered the men without any opposition. ' * > 't^t.*»' Tupia» a very friendly native, had been priitie-mi- aister of Oberea, when she was at the pintiade of her authority; he was also the principal priest of the island, and likewise versed in navigation, and was thoroughly acquainted with the number, situation, inha1)itants and product of the adjacent islands. He had ofteU testified a deftire to go with them; and on the l'2th, iii the morning; came on- board with a boy about twelve years of age, his servant, named Ta yota. v The ship now was surrounded by numberless canoes, which contained the inferior natives. They weighed anchor about twelve. Tuptii supported himself in this scene with a becoming fortitude ; tears flowed from his •;v '^ COOK — 1769 8ii' €yt% Mt tkc effort that be made to conceal them did him additional honour. He went with Mr^ Banks to the mast-head, where he continued wiivin^^ fiif hand to the caooei as long as they remaiaed visible. July the 13th, after leaving the island of Otaheite, sailed with a gentle breeze, and were informed by Tupia that four isbinds, which he called Hvaheine, Uiietea, Otaha, and Bolabcila, were at the distance of about one or two days sail, and that hogs, fowls, antf other refresh ments, which had lately been scarce, were to be g6t there in abundance. They accordingly steered in search of these islands, and, on the 16th, discovered Huaheine. Several canoes immediately put off, and the King of Huahein^ and his aueen went outboard. A^to- aishmient was testified by their ms^jesties at every thing shewn them. The former, whose name was Orce, made a proposal to exchange names with Cap^in Cook, ^h}ch was readily assented to. The custom of exchanging names is very prevalent in this island, and is considered as a mark of friendship.. They found the people here nearly similar to those of Otaheite in almost every cir- cumstance, except, if Tupia might be credited^ t||ify were not addicted to thieving. The 19th, they > tudeof 16 deg. 43 min. south, longitude 150 deg. 5^ min. west, distant from Otaheite about thirty leagues, . and is about twenty miles in circumference. From Huaheine they sailed to Ulietea. Next morning, by the direction of Tupia, they anchored in a bay formed by a reef, on the north side of the island. The Captain, Mr. Banks, and some olfaer gentlemen, now went on-shore, accompanied by Tupia; after which, Cap- tain Cook took possesson of this and the adjacent islands in the name of the King of Great Britain. On the 2&th they were within a league oi two of Otaha. This island appeared to be more barren than ^lietea^ but the produce was much the same. The nap tives paid them the compliment they used towards their 9*4 940 VOYAGES SOUND TH£ WOELD. own kings, by uocoveriog their shonldert, and wrapping tbeit clothes round their bodies, takiag care no one Sihould omit doing the same. On the 20th made sail to the northward, and at eight o'clock next morning were close under the hish craggy peak of Bolabola. The next morning they discovered an island, which Tupia called Morua. In the afternoon, finding themselves to windward of some harbours on the west side of Ulietea, they intended to put into one, in order to stop a leak which they had sprung in the powder-room, and to take in some additional balhist. On the 6th, some hogs and fowls, several pieees of cloth, many of them fifty or sixty yards in length, together with a quantity of plantains and cocoa-^nuts, were sent to Cap«> tain Cook as presents, from the Earee rahie of the island of Bolabola, accompanied with a message, that he wa» tlieo on the island, and intended wailing on the captain the next day. Next day he did not visit them agreeable to promise. After dinner, they set out to pay the king a visit on-shore, ais he did not think proper to come on- board/ As this man was the Earee rahie of the Bolabola meiH ^ho had conquered this, and were the dread of all the tietghbourihg islands, they were disappointed^ in- stead of finding a vigorous, enterprising youi^ chief, to see a poior decrepid old man,. halAblind, and sinkingunder the weight of age and infirmities. He received them without either that state or ceremony which thev had hitherto met with among the other chiefs. They did not go on-shore at Bolabola ; but, after giving the general name of the Society Islands to the Island of ^Huaheine, (Jlietea, Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, which He be- tween the latitude of 16 deg. 10 min, and 14i deg. 55 mm. south, they pursued their course, standing south- wardly for an island, to which they were directed by Tupia, at above 100 leagiies distant, which they disco- vered on Sunday the 13th, and were informed by him that it was called Ohitezoa. On the 7th of October discovered land at west-by- north, and in the afternoon of the next day came to an anchoe opposite the mouth of a little river, about a mile and a half from the shore ; but, notwithstanding all their tfibrts, a friendly intercourse could not be established : COOK.— 1709. A mn BO one wlyle, wnlbrtiinttelY, some of the nstivei were killed in diiferent unavoidable skirinifhes. Tile findeavour now patsed a small island, white and high, and^ as it appeared quite barren, was named Bare Ishiiid* On the 17th Captain Cook pave the name of Cape Tum*Again to a head-land, in latitude 40 deg. 84 min^ south, longitodc 182 deg. 55 min. west. Before the Endea-* vour touched at New Zealand, which this was, it was not certainly known whether it was an island, or part of the continent. On the 20th anchored in a bay, about two I leagues north, of Gable End Foreland. Two cliiefs, who came on-board, received presents of linen, which gave much satisfaction ; but they did not hold spike-nails in such estimation as the inhabitants of some of the islands. Sailing to the northward, they fell in with a small island [named East Island. When the Eudeavour had doubled the ;ape, many villages appeared in view, and the adjacent [and appeared cultivated. In the evening of the 30tb^ . ^.ieutenani Hicks discovered a bay, to which his naaM iras given. Next morning, about nine, several canoea mme off from shore, with a number of armed men, who ippeared to have hostile intentions. Before these had reached the ship, another canoe, larger than any that lad yet been seen, full of armed Indians, came off, and lade towards the Endeavour with great expedition. 'The iptain now judging it expedient to prevent, if possible^ leir attacking him, ordered a gun to be fired over their ^eads. In searching for a convenient anchoring-plaoe^ le captain saw a village upon a high point, near the iad of the bay, fortified like some others already seen ifore. Having met with a convenient place, near rhere the Endeavour lay, he returned to the ship, and liled to that spot, where he cast anchor. Two fortified Hlages being descried, the captain, with Mr. Banks and )r. Solander, went to examine them : the smallest was >manticaUy situated upon a rock, which was arched ; |i& village did not consist of above five or six houses, ^nced round. There was but one path, very narrow^ lat conducted to it. The gentlemen were invited by |e inhabitants to pay them a visit, but not having time spare, took another route, after making presents to females. A body of men, women, and children, |w approached the gentlemen* whp proved to be the H^ VOYAGES ROUND THB WOBLD. > inhabitants of another town, which they proposed ? isit- ing. Tbey gave many testimoniajs of their friendly dispositions, among otiiers they uttered the word Hero- miai, which, according to Tupia's interpretation, implied Peace, and appeared much satisfied, when informed the gentlemen intended visiting their habitations. Their town was named Wharretouwa ; it is seated on a point of land over the sea, on the north side of the bey ; it was paled round, and defended by a doable ditch. Within the ditch a stage is erected, for defending the place in case of an attack ; near this stage, which they call Porava, quantities of darts and stones are deposited, to be in readiness to repel the assailants. There is ano- ther stage to command the path that leads to the town, and there are also some outworks. Upon the whde, the place seemed calculated to hold out a eonsidemble time against an enemy armed with no other weapons than those of the inhabitants. It appeared, however, defi- cient in water for a siege. They eat, instead of bread, ieni-root, which was here in great plenty, with dried fish. . Very little land is here cultivated^ sweet potfitoes »nd yams being the only vegetables they found. There are two rocks near the foot of this fortification, both | separated from the main-land ; they are very sfnall, ne- vertheless they are not without dwelling-hoUSes and little ! fortifications^ They throw stones in their engageinents I with their bands, being destitute of a sling, and those and lances are their only missile weapons; they have, besides the pattoo-pattoo, a club about five feet in length, and another shorter. They sailed from this bay, after taking possession of it in the name of the King of] Great Britain, on the 15th of November« On the 18th, the Endeavour steered between the roaioj and an island which seemed very fertile, and as exten- sive as IJlietea. Manv canoes filled with Indians camel alorgside; and the Indians sung their war. song, butthcl JSndeavour's people paying them no attention, they thre^vl a voUey of stones, and then paddled away. The 26th, Captain Cook continued his course alon^j shore to the north. Two canoes came up, and some oil the Indians came on- board, when they tratficed venl fairly* Two larger canoes soon after followed, and,! coming up, the people in them hailed the others, wbcQi COOK.— 1760. S^i they conferred together, and ifterwardi CLine aloa^lde of the tiiip. The Um two cmnets were finely oroa- mealed with carving, and the people, who appeared to be of higher rank, were armed with varioua weapofts ; th«>y Jicld in high estimation their pattoo-pattoot, anade of Atone and whalebone, and they had ribs of whale, witli ornaments of dog's hair, which were very curious. These people were of a darker complexion than those to the southward, and their faces were stained bhicker, with what they call Amoco; and their thighs were striped with it, very small interstices of the flesh being left visible. Though they all used the black Amoco, they applied it to different parts, and in various forms. Most ul them had the figure of volutes on their lips, and one woman in partieuUr was curiously marked upon va- rious parts of her body. These Indians seemed the superiors of the others, they were nevertheless not free from the vice of pilfering ; tor one having agreed to barter a weapon for a piece of cloth, he was no sooner in possession of tlie cloth than he paddled away without paying the price of it; but a musket being fired, he came back and returned the doth. All the canoes then re- turned ashore. For several days the vessel lost ground. On the a9th. having weathered Cape Bret, they bore away tojec ward, and g<>t into a large bay, where they anchored on tlie south-west side of several islands ; after which the ship was surrounded by thirU-three large cenoes, con- taining near three hundred Indians, all armed. Some were admitted on-board, and Captain Cook gave a piece of broad-cloth to one of the chiefs, and some small pre- sents to the others. They traded peaceably for some lime, being terrified at the fire-arms, the effect of which they were not unacquainted with ; but^ whilst the cap- tain was at dinner, on a signal given by one of the tbiefs, all the Indians quitted the ship, and attempted to tow away the buoy ; a musket was now fired over them, but it produced no. eftect; small shot was then hrecl, but did not each them. A musket, loaded with ball, was, therefore, ordered to be fired, and Otc- ^oowgoow (son of one of the chiefs) was wounded in the ihigh, which induced them immediately to throw the buvy overboard. To complete their confusion, a round S44 rOYAGRS mOVND THB WOELD. •hot WM fired, which reached the shores and at loon ai thev landed they ran in search of it. On the 6th they weighed anchor. The bay which thay had left was called the Bay of lalandi, ov account of t!ic number it contains. The captain named andther large inlet Queen Charlotte's Sound, and took posses- sion of it in the name and for the use of his roajestv; when a bottle of wine was drank to the queen'l health. On the latli March discovered a bay, which Captain Caok called Dusky-Bay ; and ills remarkable fbt having liva high, peiAed rocks, hiag •# H, which Idok like the thumb ana lour fingers or a man's hand; whence it was deiMMninated Point Five Fingers. It was now resolved to return by the East Indies, and with that view to steer for tbe east coast of New Holhind, and then follow th^ dife^tieo of that coast to the northwatd. They sailed M«n^.0l» Md taking their departure firom an eastern point, called it Cape Farewell. The bay from which thay sailed was named Admiralty Bay, and the two capes thereof Cape Stephens and Cape Jackson, the naaMS of the secretaries to the Admiralty. The men of this country are as large as the largest Europeans. Their complexion is brown, but little more so than that of a Spaniard. They are full of fiesh, but not lasy and luxurious ; and are 'stout and well shaped. Tha wGSien's voices are singularlv soft, which, as the dress of both seizes is similar, chiefly distinguishes them nom the men. The latter are active in a high degree, their hair black, their teeth whit* and even. The fea- tures of both seaes are reaular; they enjoy perfect health, and live to a very am-aaced ace* They are of the gentlest dispositions, and tireat eacn other with the utmost kindness : but the^r are perpetually at war, every little district being at enmity with all the nest. This is <>wing, most pr^bly, to tne want of food in sufficient ^ quantities, at certain times. They have neither black cattle, sheep, hogs, nor goats; so that their chief food bein|; fish,, and that not at all timet to be obtained, they are m danger of dyi^g through hungei\ ' Thev h»ve a fow, and but a very few^ dogs ; and when no fish is to bt got, tiiey haTt only vegetables, such as yams and po- * tatots, to fae4 on; tnd if, by any accident, these M them, their situation must m deplorable. This will I foon ti ly which f account i indther )k posses- mtjesty, 'I health. 1 CiptaiD bir having 4 like the tice it was r resolved !W to steer follow th^ bey sailed in eastern 'om which i the two ckson, the he largest little more flesh, but ell shaped, ich, as the lishes them gh degree, The fea. oy perfect :*hey are of er with the war, every t. This Is n sufficient ^ ther black chief food ained, they hey b»ve a ftih is to ms and po- ' ;, these ftil This will Jiay qf Oapoa in Ulfetea, A Family of Duahy Bay, I*T»0K*— I77axe», and the pattoapattoo. The spear, which is pointed at each enci, is about sixteen feet in length, and held in the middle. Whether they fight in boats or on* shore the llattle is hand to hand ; they trust chiefly in the pattoo- paittdo, which is fastened to the wrist, by means of a strong strap, that it may not be wrenched out of the band. These are worn in the girdles of people of a su- IMtrior rank, as a military ornament. They have a kind yf staff of distinction, which is carried b^ the principal warriors: it is formed of a whale's rib, is quite white, and adorned with carvings, feathers, and the hair of their dogs ; and thev sometimes carried a stick yix fj^et long, mlaid with shells, and otherwise adorned like the uulitary staff. This honourable mark of distinction was com- iaonly borne by the old men. When they came to at* tack the English, there was usually one or more thus distinguished in each canoe. It was their custom to ^6p at about fifty or sixty yards distance from the ship, when the chief, arising from his seat, and putting on a garment of dog's skin, used to direct them how to pro- ceed. When they were too far from the ship to reach it either with stone or lance, they cried out, Har&mai, karomai, harre uta a patoa-patoo cge, — " Come to us, oome on-shore, and we will kill you all with our pattoo. pattoos," During these menaces they approached the ihipi till they came alongside, talking peaceably at in- tervals, and answering whatever questions were asked. Then again their threats were renewed, till, imagining the sailors were afraid of them, they began the war-song and dance — an engagement always followed, and some- timea continued till the firing of small shot repulsed them ; at others, only till they had satiated their vengeance by throwing a few stones on-board the shi|A. In the war-dance their motions are numerous, theic limbs are distorted, and their faces are agitated. They accompany this dance with a song^ which is sung in con-t oert ; every strain ending with a loud and deep sighl ^ it iDto the ii of plough I is not ver^ ey will turn battle-axe», 5 pointed at I held in the n< shore the the pattoo- means of a out of the >ple of a su- lave a kind lie principal uite white, iiair of their X t^et loog» the military t was coin, came to at« more thus custom to m the ship, •utting on a low to pro- to reach it Haramaij ^onie to us, our pattoo. oached the iably at in- rere asked. . imagining e war-song and soDie- ilsed them ; ageance by rous, theie ;ed. They ing in con-) deep sighl ^a-T- Hippas, New Zealand. Inside of a Hippa. i COOK.— 1770 947 There is an activity and vigour in their dancing i^hich is truly admirable ; and their ide? of keeping time in music IS such, that sixty or eighty paddles will strike at once against the sides of their boats, and make only otie report. They fortify all their hippahs, or towns, of which there are several between the bay of Plenty and Queen Char- lotte's Sound. In these the inhabitants of those parts constantly reside ; but near Tolaga, Tegadoo, Hawk's Bay, and Poverty Bay, there are no towns, only sinele houses at a considerable distance apart. On toe sideis of the hills were erected long stages, isupplied with darts and stones, which were thought to be retreats in time of battle, and on which, from their elevated situation, they can combat the enemy with these weapons to great ad- vantage. In these repositories they store thetr dried fish and fern-roots. They sailed from Cape Farewell on the 31st of March,. 1770. On the 19tli, they discovered land four ot five leagues distant; the southernmost part of which wa« called Point Hicks, in compliment to Mr. Hicks, the first lieutanant, who made the discovery. Intending to land, they took ^upia with them ; and had no sooner come near the shtte, than two men advanced, as if to dispu> their setting foot on-shore. They were each armed with different weapons. They called aloud, in a harsh tone, warm warra wai, the meaning of which Tupia did nut understand. The captain threw them beads, nails, and other trifles, which they took up, aul seemed to be delighted wfth. He then made; signs that he wanted water; and used every possible means to con- vince them that no injury was. ratended. They made signs to the boat^s crew to land, on which they put the boat in ; but had no sooner done so, Hian the two Indians came again to oppose them. One of them then threw a stone at the boat, on which the captain ordered a musket loaded with small shot to he fired, which, wounding the eldest on the legs, he retired hastily to one of their houses which stood at some little distance. The people in the boats landed, imagining that the wound which this man had received would put an end to the contest ; in this, however, they were mistaken, for he immediately re- turned, with a kind of shield, of an oval figure, painted 94if VOYAGES BOUND THE WOELO. wbit« in the middle, with two boles in it to tec through. They advanced with greac intrepidity, and both dit- cb'irged their lances at the boat's crew, but did not wound any one. Another musket was now fired, on which thev threw another lance, and then took to their heels. Tne crew now went up to the huts, in one of which they found children, who had secreted themselves l^ind some bark. They looked at them, but without tliair knowing they had been seen ; and, having thrown tumib pieces of cloth, ribbands, beads, and otlMr things iiltathe hut, took several of their lances, and re embarked in the boat. The name of Botany Bay waa given to this place» from the kirge number of plants collected by Messrs. Banks and Solander. They sailed hence the 6th offttoy, 1770; at noon were cMflT a harbour which was called Port Jackson, and in the evening near a bay, to which they gave thC; name of Broken Bay. On the 10th passed a low rocky |^nt, vfkieh was named Point Stephens, near whicli vraa an injbt, denjpnunated Port Stephens. Coasting fhb shon till the 10th June, an acqident had nearly terminated their voyage iatally» The ship struck on a rock in the night, at some distgnoe from the land, and made so much water as to thrdflen to sink every iinoment, which was only prevented by great exertions and the favour of Providence, for nothing else could have saved them. After some little examination, they found a small harbour to look at the ship's bottom, and there found, that the only thing which prevented her from jinking, was a large piece of a rock, broken off and stick- ing in the largest hole, which impeded the entrance of the water. Here they procured some refreshments, landed the sick and stores, made a variety of excursions by land and water to the neighbouring places^ and, for the first time, saw the animal now known as the kan- garoo. Thr,c# Indians visited Tupia's tent on the 12th of July, and after remaining some time, one of them went for two others whom he introduced by name. $oaie fish was olSered, but they seemed not much to regard it, and^ aflf»r eating a little, gave the remainder to Mr. Banks's dog. Some ribbands given them, to which medals were iiuspe^nded round their necks, were so changed by smoke .ojjow COOK. — ^770. 340 that it was difficult to judge what colour tiicy bad been ; and the smoke had made their skint look darker than their natural colour ; from ^Wience it was thought that they slept close to their fires, as a preventive against the sting of the musquitos. Both the strangers had bones through their noses, and a piece of bark tied over the forehead ; and one had an ornament of strings ronnd bis arm, and an degant' necklace made of shells^. Their canoe was about ten feet long, and calculated to hoM four persons* and when in shallow water they moved it by mean!» of poles. Their lances had only a single point, and some of them were barbed with fish-bones.. On the %4id^, Mr. Gore shot one of the mouse-coloured mnimals aboivementioned. It chanced to be a young one, weigh- ing not. more than tbirty-eigfat pounds; but when roll gniwn» tiMy are as laigeasa sheep. The skin, of this beast is covered, with short ^r,. and is of a dark mouse- cokrar: the head and ears are somewhat like thcMe of a baie : thit animal was dressed for dinner, and proved Bat eating. The ship's crew fed on turtle almost every dny, which were finer than those eaten in England, owing to their being killed before their natural fat was wasted, aild their juices changed. They sailed heneton the 13th of August, 1770, anre in an ppen sea, after having been surrounded b^ dreadful shoals and rocks for near three months,^ due- ling all which run they had beeo obliged to keep sound- ing without the intermission of « single minute; a cir- cumstance which, it is supposed, never happened to any ship but the Endeavour. On. the 14th, steered a y^st- erly eourse to get sight of the. land, that a passage be^ tween that land and New Guinea might not be missed, if there was any such passage. This day the boats went out. to fish, and met with great success, particularly in catching cockles, some of which were of such au amazing lii^ as. to require the strength of two men to move them. Previoua to their leaving. Captain Cook displayed the English colours, and took possession of all the eastern coast of the country, horn the 38th degree of scuth lati- tude to the present spot^ by the name of New South Wales, for his sovereign the Kmg of Great Britain; upon which three voUies of small arms were fired, and an- 950 roYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. swered by an equal number from the Endeavoui. Tliej were now at the northern extremity of New Holland, and had the satisfaction of viewing the open sea to the westward. The north-east entrance of the passage is formed by the main land of New Holland, anci by a number of islands, which took the name of the Prince of Wales's Islands, and which Captain Cook imagines may reach to New Guinea. To. the passage sailed through Captain Cook gave the name of Endeavour Straits. New South Wales is tf much larger country than any hitherto known, not deemed a continent, being larger than all Europe ; which is proved by the Endeavour hav- ing coasted more than two thousand miles, even if her track was reduced to a straight line. It does not appear much inhabited : not above thirty persons being ever seen together but once, when those of both sexes and \ill ages got together on a rock off Botany-bay to view the -ship. The flien are well made, of the middle size, and active iii a ■high degree ; but their voices are soft even to etfen^itiacy. Their colour is chbcolate, but so covered with dii't, as to look almost as black as negroes. The women were se^h only at a distance, as the men constantly left them behind. The chief ornament of these people is the bone thrust through the nose, which the sailots whimsicaUy termed their sprit- sail •vard: but besides this tlrey wore necklaces f<^rtlied of shells, a small cord tied twice or thrice round the arm, be- tween the elbow and the shoulder, and a string of plaited human hair round the' waist. Their huts are buitf with small rods, the tw^d ends of which were HxtA into the ground, so as to form the figure of an oven, and coveii^ with pieces of bark and |>almleaves. The door, which is only high enough to sit upright in, is' opposite to the fire-place; they sleep with their heels turned up towai'ds their heads, an4 even hi this posture the hut will' not hold more than four people. Tli^y feed on the kan^ roo, on several kinds <»f birds, on^^am^, and various kinds of fruit ; but the principal article of sufosiit^ntce is fish-. Their method of producing fire is singulait'; hiving wrought one eud o( a stick into an obtoite point, thj;y place this point upon a piec^ of dry. wood, siud turnin|^ the upright stick very fast backward and forwlird be- tween their hands, the fire is soon produced^^^' »** ^i'Ui^'i . ■, ■> ■. ■'.3. ^::ib ^i!.%l^ COOK.— 1T70. S5] They make uie of spears or lances ; bat these ire very differently constructed : those seen in the southern parts of the country had four prongs, pointed with bone, and barbed ; those in the northern parts have only one point : the shafts of different lengths, from eight to fourteen feet, are made of the stalk of a plant not unlike a bul- rush, and consist of several joints let into each other, and tied together. They make use of shields, made of the bark of trees, of ablout eighteen inches broad and three feet long. Many trees were seen from whence the bark had been taken, and others on which the shields were, cut out, but not taken away. The canoes are formed by hollowing out the trunk of a tree ; and it was coT^ectured, that this operation must have been per- formed by fire, as they did not appear to have any in- striiment proper for the purpose. The canoes aire in length about rourteen feet, and so narrow that they would be frequently overset, but are provided with outriggers. The natives row them with paddles, using both hanos' in that employment. Thev now held a northward course, withili sight of land^ till the 3d of September. On the 6th, passed two small islands ; on tlie 9th, they saw what had the appear- ance of land, and the next morning were convinci^d it was Timor Laoet. On the 16th, they had sight of the little island called Rotte ; and the same da^ saw the island of Savu, at a distance to the southward of Timor, where, haying obtained necessary refreshments^ Captain Cook prepared again for sailing. Savu is situated in 10 dee. 35 min. south latitude, and 237 deg. 30 min. west longitude, and has hitherto been very little known, or very imperfectly described. Its length is between twenty and thirty miles. The harbour in which the ship lay was called Seba, from a district of the country so denominated ; and there are two other bays on different parts of the island. The natives are rather below the middle stature, their hair black and straight, and persons of all ranks, as well those that are exposed to the weather as those that are not, have one general complexion, which is dark brown. The men are well-formed and sprightly, and their fea- tures differ much from each other: the women, on the flootrary, have all one set of features, and are very short dA2 VOYAOBS ROUND THE WORLD. and broad built. The dress of the former consists of two pieces of cotton cloth, one of which is bound round the middle, and the lower edge being drawn pretty tight be- tween the legs, the upper edge is left loose, so as to form a kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other things : the othet piece being passed under the former, on the back of the wearer, tlie ends of it are carried over the shoulders, and tucked into the pocket before. The women draw th* upper edge of the piece round the waist tight, while the lower, dropping to the knees, makes a kuid of petticoat : the other piece of cloth is fastened across the breast, andunder the arms. This cloth^ which is maniifiictured by the natives, is died blue while in the yam. The island consists of five divisions, each of which has a^ nya, or chief governor, of its own. These are called Timo, Massara, Regeeua, Laai, and SebR. It was on this !ast division that our English adventurers went on-shore, the rtya of which was between thirty and forty yeafs of age, and remarkable for his corpulency. He governs his people with the most absolute authority, but takes on him very little of the parade, or pomp of royalty. The inhabitants are divided into five ranks ; the ngafty the land-owners, manufacturers, labourers, and slaves; the land-owners are respected ia proportion to the extent of their lands, and the number of their slaves, which last are bought and sold with the estates to which they belQi)g ;^^ut when a slave is boueht separately, a fat hog is the price of the purchase. Though a man may sell bis slave in this manner, orconvev him with his lands, yet lus power over him extends no farther, for he must not even strike him without the raja's pcrn^ission. A few years ago the Dutch East-India Company made an agreement with the several rajas of the island, by #hicb it was covenanted, that a quantity of rice, maize, and calevances should lie annually furnished to the Dutch, who, in return, supply the rajas with arrack^ cutlery wares, linen, silk, anq some other things. $iBar ▼eiwels, each of which is manned liy iep Indians, are sent from Timor,^ to bring away the ifiHizp and cale* vapces, and a ship which brings the articles which are fuvnUhed by the Dutch receives tlie rice on-board once Rryear; and there being three bays on the coast, this vessel anchors in each of them in it s turn. COOK.— 1770. 95S The Endeavour sailed the 2l8t of September, 1770, and bent her course westward. In the ahemoon of this day a little flat island was discovered in 10 deg. 47 min. south latitude, and 238 deg. 28 min. west longitude, which has not been laid down in any of the charts hi- therto published. They made considerable way, till at length, by the assistance of the sea-breeses, they came to au anchor in the road of Batavia. At this place they found a number of large Dutch vessels, the Haroourt East-India- man from England, which had lost her passage to China, and two ships belonging to the private trade of our In- dia Company. Tupia had been till this time very dangerously ill; Mr. Banks now sent for him to his house, ill the hope that he niiigbt recover his health. While in the ship, and even after he was put into the boat, he was indisposed and low-spirited in. the utmost degree; but the moment he came into the town, his whole frame appeared re-ani- mated. The houses, the carriages, the people, and and many other objects, were totally new to him ; and astonishment took possession of iiis features at sights so wonderful: but it Tupia was astonished at the scekie, his boy, Tayota, was perfectly enraptured, dancing along the street in an extacy of joy, and examining the se- rai objects as they presented themselves with the most earnest inquisitiveness and curiosity. Nothing struck Tupia so much as the variety of dresses worn by the inhabitants of Batavia : he inquired the reason, and be- ing informed that the people were of a variety of nations, and that all were dressed according to the mode of their ov^n country, he requested permission to follow the fashion : this request being readily complied with, a per- son was dispatched to the ship for some South Sea cloth, with which he soon clothed himself in the dre^s ot the inhabitants of Otaheite. After little more than a week, the ill effects of the cli- mate began to be severely felt. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were indisposed with fevers; Mr. Banks's two servants were exceedingly ill ; the Indian boy, Tayota, had an inflammation on his lungs; and Tupia was so bad, that his life was despaired of. Tayota paid the debt of nature on the 9th of this month: and poor Tupia fell a victim to the ravages of his disorder. /■ 054 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. and to his grief for the deceased Tayota. When the latter was first seized with the fatal disorder, he seemed sensible of his approaching end, and frequently said to tliose about him, Tyau matCt " My friends, I am dying:" he was very tractable, and took any medicines that were offered to him ; they were both buried in the island of Edam. Since the arrival of the ship, every person be- longing to her had been ill, except the sail-maker, who was more than seventy years old ; yet this man got drunk every day while they remained there. The Endea- vour buried seven of her people— Tupia and his boy, three of the sailors, the servant of Mr. Green, the astro- nomer, and the surgeon ; and, at the time of the vessel's sailing, forty of the crew were sick, and the rest so en- feebled by their late illness as to be scarcely able to do their duty. The town of Batavia is situated in 6 deg. 10 min. south latitude, and 106 deg. 50 min. east longituJde. It is buijt on the bank of a large bay, something more than twenty miles from the Strait of Sunda, on the north side of the island of Java, in low boggy ground. Several small rivers, which rise forty miles up the country, in the mountains of Blaeuen Berg, discharge themselves into the sea at this place, having first intersected the town in different directions. There are wide canals of nearly stagnated water in almost every street, and as the banks of these canals are planted with rows of trees, the effect is very agreeable ; but they combine to render the air pestilential. The method of building their houses seems to have been taught them by the climate. On the ground>f)oor there is no room but a large hall, a corner of which is parted off for the transaction of business ; the hall has two doors, which are commonly left open, and are oppo- site each other, so that the air passes freely through the room, in the middle of which there is a court, which at once increases the draft of air and affords light to the hall; the stairs, which are at one corner, lead to large and lofty apartments above. The female slaves are not permitted to sit in any place, but in the alcove formed by the court ; and this is the usual dining-place of the family. The environs of the town have a ver^ pleasing appear- COOK.^1770. 865 ance, and would, in almost any other coiimry, be an en- viable situation. Gardens and bouses occupy the coun* try for several miles. For the space of more than thirty miles around the land is totally Hat, except in two places, on one of which the governor's eountry-seat is built, and on the other they bold a large market; but neither of these places are higher than ten yards from the level of the plain. At forty miles from the town, the land rises into hills, and the air is purified in a great decree ; to this distance invalids are sent by their phy- sicians, when every other prospect of recovery has failed, and the experiment succeeds in almost every in- stance; but they no sooner return to town, than their former disorders recur. The fruits of this country are near forty in number, and of each of these there are several species. Pine-ap* pies grow in such abundance that they may be purchased, at the first hand, for the value of an English fiirtbing. The Batavians strew an immense number of flowers about their houses, and are almost always burning some aromatic woods and gums. The sweet-scented Bowers of this country are very numerous, juany of which are totally unknown in England. The Island of Java produces goats, sheep, hogs, buffa- loes, and horses. The quantity of fish taken is astonish- ingly great, and all the kinds are fine food, except a few which are very scarce ; yet such is the pride of the inha- bitants, that these few scarce sorts are sold at high rates, while those that are plentiful are sold for a mere trifle, nor are they eaten but by the slaves. There is abundance of poultry, as excellent of their kinds as those of Eng. land : turkies are immoderately dear, and pigeons not much less so ; but geese, ducks, and fine large fowls are altogether as cheap. On the 27th of December, 1770, the Endeavour left the road of Batavia, and, as many of the ship's crew, who had been very ill while at Batavia, were now be- come much worse, the vessel was brought to an anchor in the afternoon of the 6th near Princes Island. A stay of ten days occurred here, during which they purchased vegetables of various kinds, fowls, deer, turtle ; the an- chor WM weighed, and the vessel once more put to sea. 35« VOYAGES ROUND. THE WORLD. After a passage in which they lost twenty-three more' officers and men, the ship was brought to an anchor off the Cape of Good Hope, on the 15th of March, 1771. The captain repaired instantly to the governor, who said, that such refreshments as the country suppliied should be cheerfully granted him ; on which a house was hired for the sick, who were to have board and lodging for two shillings a-day each person. Cape Town consists of near a thousand brick-houses, the oUtsides o( which being generally plaistered they have a v«'y pleasing appearance. There is a canal in the main street, with two rows of oak-trees on its bor- dersj Which are in a more flourishing state than the other trees of this country : the streets, which cross each other at right angles, are very spacious and handsome. The in- habitants are chiefly D*utch, or of Dutch extraction: the women are pleasing in a high degree. The air is so pure and salubrious, that a sick person, who go^s thither iirom Europe, often recovers his health in a little time ; but those who bring diseases from the East-Indies have not an equal chance of recovery. Although the country is naturally so barren as scarcely to produce any thing, yet the industry of its inhabitants has so effectually com- bated the hand of nature, that there are few places wheie the necessaries of life are more plentiful; and even what are generally deemed luxuries are by no means scarce. The Constantia wine is known to be excellent, but the genuine sort is made only at one particular vineyard, a few miles from the town. The gardens produce many sorts of European and Indian fruits, and almost aH the common kind of vegetables. The cultivated fields yield wheat and barley of equal quality with that of England. The sheep have tails of a very extraordinary size, many of which weieh upwards of a dozen poundfs ; the meat of this animal, as well as of the ox, is very fine food : the wool of the sheep is rather of the hiiry kind, and the horns of the black cattle spread much wider than those of England, while the beast himself is handsomer jd lighter made. The cheese has a very indifferent flavour^ but the butter is extremely good. The pork is nearly tlie same as that of Europe, and there are abundance of goats, but the inhabitants do not eat their flesh. The COOK.— 1771. 86' many aH the yield gland. many meat d: the d the those tr jd country abounds in hares, altogether like those of Eog« land ; there are several species of the antelope, plenty of bustards, and two kinds of ijuails. The Dutch company have a garden at the extremity of the high street, which is more than Iialf-a-mile in length, in the centre walk of which are a number of f«ne oak trees. A small part of this garden is covered with botanical plants, but all the rest is allotted to the produc- tion of the common vegetables for the kitchen : the whole is divided into squares by the form of its walks, and each square is fht... j, and at noon from the deck, extending from north-east-by-east to east, dis- tant ten leagues. After tunning about two leagues up Dusky Bay, and passing several of the istes which lay in I it, they brought to, hoisted out two boats, and anchored in fifty fetlioms water, so near the shore as to reach it I with an hawser. This was on Friday, the 20th of March, I at three in the afternoon, after having been 117 days at sea, in which time tfhey had sailed S660 kagues, with- { out having once sight of land. On the 27lh, tft nine o'clock in the morning, got under j sail with a light breeze at south-west, and working over to Pickersgill-harboiir, entered it by a channel scarcely twice the width of the ship; and in a&.44all creek moored head and stern, so near the shore as to reach it with a brow or stage, which nature had in a manner, prepared in a large tree, whose end or top reached the gunwale. In the evening, they Iiad a short interview with three of the natives one man and two women. They were the first that discovered themselves on the north-east point of Indian Island, named so on tliis occasion; the man hallooed to them. He stood with his dub in his hand [upon the point of a rock, and behind, at the skirts of the I wood, stood the two women, with each a spear. The man could not help discovering great signs or fear when they approached the rock with the boat. He, however, stood firm; nor did be move to take up some things they threw him ashore. At length, Captain Cook landed, [went up and embraced him, and presented him with such articles as at once dissipated his fears. Presently I After they were joined by the two women, the other gen- 960 VOYAGES SpVNDTHB WORLD. tlenep. sod some of the seamen. . After tlin they eyMBt «ibout oalfTan-hour in chit»ehat, littleundento#d da either tide, in which tlM vpungest of the two women bore by fkr the grr;.test fbare. This occasioned one of the seamen to say, that women , did not want tongue in any part of the world. Having fine geese left out of those brought from the Cape of Good Hope, they went with them next morning to Goose Cove (named so on this ac- count.> . They viiose this place* for h^re are no ^hgbit- ants to disturb them; and, secondly, here being the most food, they wiU breed, and may in time spread over the, whole country, and fiiUy answer the intention in leiiving t^m. At nine o'clock, the lith of April, weighed, with a light breeze at south^eist, and stood oat td sea. The country is excecidingly mountainous* toot only I about Dusky Bay, but through all the southern part of ' *tnis western coa^t of Tavai Poenanimoo. But the- land bordering on the sea-coast, and all theidands, ite thickly clothed with wood, almost down to the watier's edge. The trees are of vsurious kinds* such at V0 common to other parts of this ^untry, and /are fit for the ship- wright, hotise-carpenter, cal>ii;^trlpiUi^er, and many other us^s., I^xcept f r 'vie Itiyer t^anies* there is 'nfy| finer Um- ber in a(f l^liw ;Zy 4aud. W)^ Pupky Bay moat abbunds ynXh is fish; a boat' with six or eight men, with hooks and lines, caught daily sufficiently serve the Whol^ ship's ' company. Oi this article the vuiety is almost equal to tfieplepty. * Thle shell-fish ^ muscles, cpfkles, scallops, cray-fish, . |li4 ^&Py| 9^^^t, ?orts. The only ^phibious animiili^ aire j s^Is i/^ese are to be found in great Qumbers about Uiis bay, on the sm^U rocks and isle's near the sea-coast, ^^ner leaving iDusky Bay they directed their course a(long shore for ^ueen Charlotte's Sound, where they ex- pected to find the Adventure. The wind having returned to the west, they resumed their course to the east ; and at day-light the n^xt morning (being the IQt^,) appeared off Queen Charlotte's Sound, and discovered their cour sort the Adventure, by the signals ^he made, an event which every one felt with an agreeable satisfaction. £arly in the mprning of the 24th sent Mr. Gilbert, the master, to sound about the: rock discovered in the eii- trance of the sound. Cook, accompanied by Captaic COOK.— 1773. mi f uraeaHX »od Mr. Forster, went in a boat to the wett bay on^a shooting |>arty. In their way, met a large canoe, in which were fourteen or fifteen people. One of the first questions they asked was for Tupia, the person brovgbt from Otaheite on the former voyage; ana thev seemed to express some concern, when told he was dead. These people made the same inquiry of Captain Fur- neaux when he first lirrived; and,* on returning to the ^hip in the evening, they were told that a canoe had been alongside, the people in which seemed to be stran- gers, and who also inquired for Tupia. On the 2d of June, the ships being nearly ready to put to sea, tbey sent onshore, on the east side of the sound, two goats, male and female. Captain Furneaux also put on-shore, in Cannibal Cove, a boar and two breeding sows; so that they had reason to hope this country would in time be stocked with these animals, if not destroyed by the nap tives before they become wild, for afterwards they will be Li no danger. On the 7th of June, at four in the morning, weighed and put to sea, with the Adventure in company. On the lltb of August, at day-break, Mand was seen to the south. This, upon a nearer approach, was found to be an island of about two leagues in extent, in the dirt^ tion of north-west and south-east, and clothed wifii wood, above which the cocoa-nut-trees shewed their lofty heads. It lies in the latitude of 17 deg« 24 diia., longitude 141 deg. 30 min. west; and was adled alter the name of the ship, Resolution Island. At day-break, the next morning, discovered land right ahead, distant about two miles. This proved anotntr of these low or half-drowned islands, or rather a largo coral shoal of about twenty leagues in circuit. A very small part of it was land, which consisted of little islet! ranged along the north-side, and connected by sand banks and breakers. Tbfs island was named after Cap- tain Furneaux. The next morning, at four A. M., made ^ailn and at day-break saw another of these low islands, situated in the latitude of 17 deg. 4 min., longitude 144 deg. 30 min. west, which obtained the name of Adventure Island. M. de Bougainville very properly calls this clus- ter of low overflowed isles the Dangerous Archipelago. On the 15th, at five o'clock in the morning, saw 0»> R 362 VOYAOBS HOUND THE WORLD. nabiirgh Island, or Maitea, discovered by CaptaMi WaUift At day* break found themselves not more than half 9 league from the reef of Otaheite. A number of the in- habitants came off in canoes from different P«rtv bring- ing a little fish, a few cocoa-nuts, and 6ther fruiti* which they exchanged for nails, beads, &c. The most of them knew Captain Cook again, and many inquired fur Mr. Banks and others who were there^ before ; but not 9iie asked for Tupia. The next morning, being the 17th, they anchored in Oaiti-piha Bay, in twelve fathoms water, about two cables lenp;th from the shore.^^t was not till. now that any one inquired after Tupia^|ind then but twoi or three. As sopn a» they learnt the cause of his death* tifey were auite satisfied; indeed, it did not appear, that it would have caused a moment's uneasiness in the breast of any on(e, had his death been occaiioned by ai^y other means than by sickness; as littl^ inc|airy was made after Autourou, the roan who went awsy with M.de Bougainville. But they were continually asking f(^r M. Banks, and several others who were in the former ypyage. These people said, tliut Toutaha, the, regent of the greater Peninsula of Otaheite, bad been killed in a Dj^ttle, which uas fought between the two kingdoms about five months before; and that Otoo was the reign- (tig prince. Tubourai Tamaide, and several more friends abo\)t Matavai, fell in this battle, as also a great number pif^cpminon, people; but, at present, a peace subsisted between the two kingdoms. ,. Befoie they got to an anchor in Matavai Buy their decks were crowded with the, natives; many of whom the captain knew, and almost all of them knew him. i 0a ifbe 27th, Otoo, attended by a numerous train, paid them 9 visit. He first sent into the ship a hirge quantity of cloth, fruits, a hog, and two large fish; and, after some persuasion, came aboard himself, with his sister, a younger brother, and several more of his attendants. To all of them were made presents; and, after breakfast the captain took the* king, his sister, and as many mote as he had room for, into his boat, and carried them honie, to Oparree. He had no sooner landed than he was met by a venerable old lady, the mother of the late Toutaha; SJ}8 seized both his bauds, and burst into a flood of tears. <**^*^'' tOO».— 1773. S83 ftky ibg f*dtissibie to'find out the meaning of the play. It appa- rently differed in nothing, that is, in the manner of act- ing it, ftom those at Ulietea in the former voyage. The dancing-dress of the lady was more elegant than any se^n tliei^, by being decorated with long tassels, made of feathers, haneing from the waist downward. On the 1st of September the ships unmoored. Some hours before they got under sail, a young man, whose name wasPoreo, came and desired the captain would take him with hltn ; who consented, thinking he might be of Service on some occasion. As soon as they were clear of tile bay, they directed their course for the Island of Huaheine, and made it the next day. At day-light in the morning of the 3d, made sail for the hai1>our df Owharre ; in^which the kesolution anchored, about nine o'clock, in twenty- four Aithoms water. The good old chic!f,'Oree, made them a visit early in the morning on the 5th, together with some of his friends, bringing a hog and some fruit, for which they made hhn a suitable re- turn. He carried his kindness so far, as not to (ail to send ev^ry day the very best of ready-dressed fruit and irbbb, arid in great plenty. Before they quitted this inland. Captain Furneaux agreed to receive on-board hfs ship a young man named Omai, a native of Ulietea, wherJe he had 'had some property, of which he had been dispossessed by the people of Bolabola. They liow made sail for Ulietea. Arriving off the haribourof Ohamaneno, at the close of the Jay, they spent the night making short tacks. Next moriiiug they paid a formal visit to Oreo, the chief of this part of the isle, carrying the necessary presents. They went through on sort of ceremony -at landing, but were at oiue con- R 2 Sf4 TOTAOKS ftOVND TUB WORLD. ducted to him. He wu seated in hit own houM, which flood netr the water-fide, where lie and his fi lends re etived them with great cordiality. He expresMd much satisfaction at seeing the captain acain, anJ desired they might exchange names, this is tBe strongest niark of friendship they can show to a stranger. He inquired after Tupia, and ali the (gentlemen by name, who were ^ith hiq|i when he first visited the bland. After leaving Ulietea, they steered, to the west, in cUning to the south ; to get clear of the tracts of former navigators, and to get into the latitude of the islands of Middleburgh and Amsterdam. At two o'clock p. m., on the 1st of October, made Middleburgh, bearing west- fottth-west. In the mean time, two canoes, each con. ducted by two or three men, came boldly alongside; and some of them entered the ship without hesitation. As soon as all were on-board, the]^ made sail down to Am- sterdam. The people of this isle were so little afraid, that some met tnem in three canoes about midway be- tween the two isles. Mr. Forster and his party spent the day in the country botanifing; and several of the officers were out shooting. All of them were very ci- villy treated by the natives. They had also a brisk trade forlbananoes, cocoa-nuts, yams, piss, and fowls; fH of which were procured for nails, and pieces of cloth. A boat from each ship was employed in trading ashore, and bringing off their cargoes as soon as they were laden, whi/oa was generally in a short time. By this method tfaev got cheaper, and with less trouble, a good quantity of fruit, as well as other refreshments, from people whe bad no canoes to carry them off to the ships. Ifhese islands were first discovered by Captain Tss- man, in January, 1042-3, and by him caued Amsterdan and Middleburg. But the former is called by the na- tives Ton-ga-ta-bu, and the latter £a-oo-wee. Middle- buigh, or Eaoowee, which is the southernmost, is about ten leagues in circuit, and of a height sufficient to be jseen twelve leagues. The skirts of this isle are mostly taken up in the plantations; the soutl^-west and north'- weft sides especially. The interior parts are bnt little cultivated, though very fit for cultivation. The an* chorage, nameti English Road, being the first who an- chored there, is on the north-west side, in latitude 21 ouse, which fiieods re eased much lesired they »t mark of ie inquired , who were i west, in B of former t uilandf of [ p. ffl«, on uwg west- each con- i;side; and ation. As wn to Am. ^tlc afraid, ridway be< »arty spent ral of the e very ci- t>ritk trade vis; fdl of doth. A shore, and ere laden, is method I quantity eople whe »tain Tis- msterdam y the na- Middle. is about nt to be 'e mostly nd north- bttt little The an- who an- titude 21 J-'iew of Olaiitiit'. Luudm<^ 0t A/idr/le/iurf. COOK. — 1773. d6i5 . def . dO min. ^ sec. south. The island is shaped some- thing Kke an isosceles triangle, the longest sides whereof are seven leagues eacbt snd the shortest four. It lies nearly in the direction of east-south-east, and west-nojfth- west; is nearly all of an equal height, rather low, not exceeding sixty or eighty feet above the level of the sea. Amsterdam, or Tongatabu, is wholly laid out in plai^- tations, in which are planted some of the richest produc- tions of nature, such as bread-fruit, cocoa-nut-trees» plaintains, bananoes, shaddocks, yams, and some other roots, sugar-cane, and a fruit like a nectarine, called by them Fighegea, and at Otaheite Aheejfa ; in short, here are most of the articles which the Society Islands pro- duce, besid«:8 some which they have not. The lanes or roads necessary for travelling are laid out in so judicious a manner, as to open a free and easy communication from one part of the island to the other. Here are no towns or laees ; most of the houses are built in the plantations, with no other order than what conveniency requires ; they are neatly constructed, but do not exceed those in the other isles. The materials of which they are built are the same ; and some little va- riation in the disposition of the framing, is alt the differ* ence in their construction. They saw no domestic ani- mals but hogs and fowls. The former are of the same sort as at the other isles in this sea ; but the latter are fkr superior, being as large as anyin Europe, and their flesh equally good, if not bettei^c They saw no dogs, and believe they have hone, as they were exceedingly de- sirous of those on-board. Cook's friend Attago was complimented with a dog and a bitch, the one from New Zealand, the other from Ulietea. The name of a dog with them is kooree or gooree, the same as at New Zee- land, which shews that they are not wholly strangers to them. The two vessels which compose the double canoe are each about sixty or seventy teet long, and four or five broad in the mirldle, and each end terminates nearly in a point. Two such vessels are fastened to, and parallel to each other, about six or seven feet asunder^ oy strong crois-beams, secured by bandages to the upper part of the risings. Over these beams, and others which are supported by stanchions fixed on the bodies of the ca- . VOYAGES ROUND TH|S WORLD. nocsy is laid a boarded plalform. All the purtii mhkk compoiie the double canoe, are made as strong and light as the nature of the work will admit, and may^be iounerg^ in water to the verj^ platform, without being in, danger of filling. Nor is it possible, under any cirisumstances whatever, for them to sink, so long as they hold t,oge« ther. Thus they are not unly vessels of burden, but fit for distant navigation, lliey are rig^d^v^th one mant, with steps upon the platform, and can easily .b« raised. or taken down ; and are sailed with a latteen-saH, or trian- gular one, extended by a long yard, which is a little bent or crooked. Their working tools are madepf ptpne, bone, shells, &c. as at the other ishuids. Their know- ledge of the utility of iron was no more than ^ sufficient to teach them to prefer naib to beads, and su^h tribes ; some, but verv few, would exchange a pig for a large nail, or a hatchet* Old jackets, shirts^ cloth, ^and even rags, were in more esteem than the best edge-tipol; con* sequently they got but few axes but what were elven as presents. ■ , ^ ..;., ... ,;,„,,, Both men and women are of a oommpn lixe witn Eu- ropeans, and their colour is tLat of a lightish copper, and more uniformly so tlun amongst the iuhahitanjyi ^ Otabeite and the ^iety Isles. ,i ^,[^. The women are the merriest ereaturei the^ ever met with, and will keep chattering, without the least inyita- tion, or considering whether they are understoui^v In the afternoon, on the 8th of Octobcir, mad^ thfe IsUnd of Pitstart. This island, which was alsci discovered ,|^y vTasman, is situated in the latitude of 22 deg. 2CI min. south, longitude 176 deg. 60 min. west^ On tlie 2^1lft* made the land of New Zealand ; at noon Table .Cape bore west, distant eight or ten leagues. .Nctvember 2d«ia gale abated, and was succeeded by a few hours cahn; ^{[f r that a breeze sprung up at north-west, with whicn^^|ie}' weighed and ran up into Ship Cove, iiii^ere tjiey 4id not find the Adventure, which had separated ^ day pfimo before from not observing a signal, as was expe^)^^ in Queen Charlotte's Sound. '.^^[^^ In the afternoon, some of the pfiicers W/ent on ste^o .Ti«^ COOK.— 1774. 367 ioiVfle thtttielvcs ainong the natives, where they saw the bead aiMl bowels of a youth, who had lately been killed, iyia'^; t .t the beach, and the heart stuck on a forked stick, vtflnch was fixed to the head of one of the largest catfoes. One of tbe gentlemen bought the head and brought it on-board, where a piece of tlie fiesh was broiled and eaten by one of the natives, before all the officers and most of the men. That the New Zealanders are cannibals, can now no longer be doubted. On the 2&th, early in tbe morning, they weighed, with a Amali breeee, out of the cove. On the 26th, took their departure from Cape Palliser, and steered to the south, incKniiig to the east, having a favourable gale from the Borth-WMt and soutlihwest. At four o'clock, 12th of Decem- b«ir; beinc in the latitndeof 62 deg. 10 min. south, longi- tude t72deff. west^ saw the first Ice Island, 11| deg. far- th^ south than the first ice seen the preceding year, after leaving tbe Capie of Good Hope. The 17tn, fallinji in witha qttiitity of loose le^, they hoisted out two boats; and ay neoL got on-board as much as they could ma- nage; Tb^ detr weather, and the wind veenng to north- west j tempt^ them t^ steer south; which course they contitttted tiH seven in the morning of the 20th, when the wind changing to north-east, and the sky becoming doud^, they hauled up south-east. In the aftemooh the wind increased to a strong gale, attended with a thnek fb|[, snow, sle^t, and tinn, T%e riegiiig, at this time, was so Idaded with ice that they had enoueh to do to get th^ topsiiis down to double the reef. January 1st, tiie wind remained not long at east, but veered round by the south to west ; blew fresh, attended with snow showers. In the evening, being in the latitude of 58 deg. 89 min. south,' passed two islands of ice; after which saw no ihore till they stood again to the south. On the 80th, at four o'clock in the momitog, perceived tbe clouds, oter the horizon to the south, to be of nn unu> iud 8n6w-whit6 brightness, which they knew denounced th^ir approiieh to field-i^e. ^ Captain Cook here siys— " I will not say it Was im* fidsiible any where to get fiirther to tbe south; but the attempting it Would have been a dangerous and rash en- terprise, and what, I believe, no man in my sittmtion wbiild hUve thought of. It was, indeed, my opinion, as 1^ ▼OTAOBf BOIIlfO THB WORtD. mtIA «9 the opinioa of moil on-b«»rd, tku tk» k* ex-' tfVk^cd quite to the pole, or perhfipt ioiBod to aoaif Itiul, to wbicn it bad been fixed from Ibe eapltest tiiae ; and tlii^t it 19 bere, tbat i« to the soutb of tbis parallel, wbere all the iee we find scattered up and down to the iMfth. if first formed, and afterwarda broken off Jbjt saks of wind, or other causes, ^nd broucbt to the uorto by Ilia currents, w^ich we always founa to set in tbat direc- tion in the high latitudes. -As we drew near tbis ice ^qm^ pen«iins were heard, but none seen; and but few Otfaif pirds, or any other thing tbat could induce us to thioli any land was near. And yet Itbinb there must bff some to the south behind this Ice; but if there mi» it c»n.uff»fd no blotter retreat for birds, or any other ani^ maii» than the ice itself, with Ti'hich it must be nfholly CQ?er«d. I, virbo had ambition not only to go fiirtfier tiian any one had been before, but as fiir as it wai» pos- sible Jbr man to go, was not sorry at meeting iivith this iai|e|rniption, as it in some measure relieved us, at l^t 4^fmd the dangers and hardships iitseparabl^ U^m t|ia ii|i?igation of the southern pmaf n^iuns* Since, tjmtiivt^, we could not proceed one Inch fiirther to the m^ no other reason need be asplgp^ ^ my tacbing and itandiBg back |o the north ; being at this tine ,ia Ibeliititudeqf 71 deg. 10 uMn* ioutb« k^tud^ 106 dieg. M #111, w«it*'' $teering nc^tll from tbis timc^ i^ eight Q'clock iu the mornipg, ou tbe iltb of March, biud iiafi s^n frQm,;the i^t-bfad* during west; and at nooQ from the 4f|i|k, ex- tcindMig I^Qm west three-quarters nii»tbt thirty- 411^ tltloms water, before u sandy bfach. M t^e.niafttisi!; dijw near shor^ with the boat, one of tb^ native^ iwam o4f tp» bef« and insisted on coming a^boaxd- the fbipi wbecf iit remained two nights and a dagi. f he pi^st cooM»— 1774. 309 lliag lie did aiAer cootiog a^board, wai t« meaitire like length of the ship, by fttfaoming her from tbe taffitr^l ta tbc stem ; and at be counted the lathoaM, they obserTOd that be called the numbers by the lame names that tlicqr do at Otaheite; nevertheless bis language was in a mah»<. ner wholly unintelligi^'e to all oja-bmurd. Captain Cook landed at the saady beach, where some hundreds of the natives were assembled, and who were so impatient to see them, that many 8wa» off to meet the boats. Not one had so mucli as a stick or vnmflon of awy sort in their haads* After distributing a few trinkets amongst them^ the oiBccrs made signs for seme- tbii^ to eat ; on wbicb they brovght down a few p«t«K tQe% plantains, and sugar-canea; and exchanged tbcm for nails, lookiag-glasses, and pieces of cloth. They pvesentlt discovered that they were as expert thieves, and as tricking in their exchange^ as any people yet met with. It was with somoi di&ulty they conid keep the hats on thtir lieads; bnt hardly possible to* keep any thing in their pockets, not even what theaiw selves hwi sold; for tbey would watcb every opportunity to snatch it again, so that they sometimes bought the same tbtfif two or three times over, and after all did not get it. The inhabitanlQ do iiot seem to exceed, six or sevea hundred souls, and above twoi-thkda of those were nmles. They either haive bnt few iema&es amongst them, or else many were restrained from making their abearance dur- iofif thtilr sUiy ; foe though Ihey saw uethinj^ to induce them to beliete the men were of & jeatbus disposition^ or. the wbiieft aftaid to appear in puUio, siomethiag of this kind was proknUy the case.. In colour, ieatuvcs, and lanipua^e, tbey beat suoh an attiiioitj^ to the people of the aiore western isles, that no one will dout^ tbey. ba^re* had the same origin. The gigantic statues, so often mentioned, are not* in ttaeir opinion, . tooked upon at idols by the present inhtbitanti^ whatever they might have been in the davs of ^ Duteb; al least tbey saw nothing that couM induce them to think so^ The statues, or at least many of themkate ereicted on platibrms, which serve as fonn-^ dalitfns. They are, as near as they could judge, aboni half length, ending in a sort of stump at the b^toro, am US S70 VOYAGES ROUNP THB WORLD. which they stand. The workmaathip is rude hut aal had ; nor are the features of the lace iU^formed,^ nose and chin in particular ; but the ears are kmg heyoiid proportion: and, as to the bodies, there is hardly any thing like a human figure about then. After leaving Easier Island, tbev steered npr|h-west<- by-north and north-north-west, with a fine easterly gale^ intending to touch at the Marquesas. They continued to steer to the west till the 6th of A|»ril, at four in the afternoon, at which liaie^ being in the la* titudeof 9 deg. Sa min., loogitudr 138 deg. 14:nHn. wes^ they discovered an iskin<^ bearing west by souths distant ahoiit nine leagues. Two hours after saw another, beuing south-west-by*south, which appeared more extensive than the former. By this time, they were well assured that these were the Marquesas, discovered by Mendani| in 1695. The first isle was a new discovery^ which wak named Hood's Ishind, after the young gentleman who firstrsaw it; the second was that of Saint Pedro ; the third Le Dominica; and the fourth St. Christinas Very early next morning the natives visited them in^ great numbers bringing bread^fRiut, plantains, and one pig, all olwhi^K they exchanged for naib, dec. But in this trafilt'. they would frequently keep the eoods and make no return, till at last they were obligca to fire a musket*ball ever one man, who had several times served them in thianiaii- ner ; after which they dealt more lairlyj and seon alter several camex>u4K>ard. •^.««w, ■ff't'; fif?>i ,.?iir i'-- y The Marquesas are five in number, via* La Migda- ieni, St. Pedro, La Dominica, Santa Chiistinai^ and Hood^s Island, which is thenorthetnmost^ situated in la- titude 9 deg(. 26 min.r souths andll^ dejg. webtk five leagues and a half distant from the«ast |aioint)ofiA^I|o- mittica, which is the largest of all >lhe islea, eateading east and west six leagues. > > -• •' > -Wr^ The port of Madre de Dios, now nam^ Res«liition'Bi^y, is situated near the middle of the west side efStb Chfis- ,tina, and under the highest land in that tsland.v In the bi^, which is near three- quarters of a mile deepi Aa^M •}from thirty-four- 1«> twelve fathoms water#; with atdfean sandy bottom, are two sandy co^es, divided from eirah other by a rocky point. In eaeh is a rivalet of eac^ilent water. The northern cove is themost comoMMtioaa for 1 >. .aiHQfr cdoK.— 1774. 371 woodtii^/nnd v^titeHn^i Here is the little water-fhll neifttoiied by Quii'oii, Mendana's pilot; but the town, or village^ is in the other cove. The inhabitants collec- tively al«, without exception, the finest race of peoph; in this sea. For fine shape and regular features, they perhaps 'Surpass all other nations. Nevertheless the afli- nrity^^ of their lamgtiage to that spoken in the Otaheite and the Society Isles, shew that they are of the same nation. The men are punctured, or curiously tiattowed, f^om Hiead^ to^ foot. Tlie figures are various, and seem directed mot€ %^'fancy thah ctifttom. These puncturations make theiti look dark; but the women, who are but little nunc- tor)«d, youths, and young children, who are not at all, are aa faitrashalf-north, which. Upon a neailHhtipproach, Was found to be a string of low isfets, conneetied together by a reef of coral rocks. This island, wMchiifr'oalle^ bv the iiAabitants Tioo-kea^ was disco- vered^ftfldtitited by Commodore Byron. On the 18th, at day4»i%ak/ sifter miving spent the night making short boiirds^^wbre down «ny made a visit, and eipcessed not a little joy at seeing them again. On tlM.':24th, Otoo, the king, and several other chiefs, with a train of attendants, p^id a visit, and broiig^t as presents ten or a dozen laige hogs, besides fruits^ which made them exceediiw'y ^^l^"*** On tlie f 6tb» Captain Cook went down to Oparrce^ ac^ comp^nicd hy some of the officers and gentlemei|» tO'Oay Otoo a visit by appointment*. As they drew near, uiey observed a number of large canoes in motion; but were sunpriie^i when they arrived, to see upwards of 800 rafted , in Of der, for some distance along the shore^ all completely equipped and manned, besides a vast number of airmecl pjie^/iipon the shor*. The vessels of ^ar con- sisted of 1^ large doable oanoos, very well equipped, manned and a^med. The chiefii, and all those on tbe fighting stajei, were dressed in the war-habits; that is, m »»v!B|st quantity of clotb* turbansi biEeast-plates, and Miuct!^: souie of the laAlcr w«M of suob a length as greatly to incumbof 4h% wfmei;. IiKfteed, their whole dr«iis seemjpd to be ill colcuiated for the ;day of battle, find to be 4esi«Mrd 9MMW Cnt shew tba» use. The vessels were de^Ol^iuid wMh #agti stloetiBerf^ &c.; satbat the whole made a noble appearance, sueh as tb«y bad ii«wer seeii biefoiKt ill thw 4e»» and what no one would have ex- peoted- I'Vhcir imtmutieBts of war were chi bs^ spears, •4p4 Mqbki^ Thi vesiols were ranged close along^de 4>f mfik olhir,iWiMi theif he4Banks,^^ and tlm other by Captain iPuineaux* The maov who bnmicbJ^ theaccouoMaMf he was made dcunkon-hmud ipe o|^th/im, and describcdthe persons of Mr^BanlMimidCMp^ r;.^nFucneaux so well that the^ had not the least doubt.of ^a^truth, and beg^ to consider abou^ sanding^a inmi over that very evenuigiwUh orders to Captfiin Fuinaaux,. 374 VOYAGES BOtMD THB WOBLD. when • nnm, a friend of Mr. Forster, happened fo iftmH on-botrd, and denied the whole, saying it was wm ivarr^ a lie. . »r They did not get clear of their friends till eleven o'clock, when they weighed, and put fo sea; but Oedi- dee did not leave them till almost out of the harbotir. He staid in order to lire some guns i for it being his 'ma- jesty's birth-day, they fired the salute at goins^ >way. On the 6th, being the day after leaving Ulietea, at eleven o'clock, A. M., they saw land bearing north^iHrcst. This it. Ilofi^e Islanld, discovered bv Captam WaOis. About ha1f*an-hottr after sun-rise^ land was seen from the- to|i»ma8t head, bearing north-north*%ast;and named itPal^ merston Island, in honour of Lord Paln-erston, one of thr lords of the (.VAmiralty. At four o'clock in the ailer-^ noon they left this isle, and resumed their course to the west-by^ south, with a fine steady gale easterly, till, noon on the 20th. Soon after, they saw land from the mast- head, and found it to be an island which, at five o'clock^- bore west, d istant five leagues. The conduct and aspect of the islanders occasioned their niiming it Saviige' iS'> land. It is situated in the latitude 18 deg. 1 min.80uth, longitude 169 deg; 37 min. west. It is about eleven leagues in circuit ; of a round fona, and good hdght^ and hath deep water close to its shores. At day -break neit morning, bore away west; and soon after saw a string of islands, extending from south-south-west; by the west to north-north-west. Towards noon, some ca- noes came ofi' from . one of the' isles, havhig two or three people in each;- who Advanced boldly alongside, and exchanged some cocoa-nuts and shaddocks for soMdl nailti They pointed out Anamocka or Rotterdam; ant adv|mtage they derived from knowing the proper naaneti Aefoi^ they bad well got to an anchor, the natir^ came off from all pkifts in canoes* bringing yams niNi shaddo4iks, which they exchanj^ed for sm& nails aiic^i^ rags. One man taking a vast liking to the lead anid lilies, gotbold of it, and cut the line with a stoni|; but a diis charge of small-shot made him return it. The inhtbit? ants» productions, 4^c. of Rotterdam, and theneighbovf? ing isles, are the same as at Amsterdam. Hopps and fowls are s«Aircer ; of the former having got but sixg \9nS not many of the latter. Yams and shaddooks w«re wiMt eoOK.— 1774. 975 akty got the mott of; other fhiitt were not to ploHgr. |fot Mf of the nie is hud out in encloted plMtatioBf^ as at Amtterdam ; but the parti which are not enckfed aie not less fertile or uncultivated. On the 1st of July, at sun-rise; Amattafoa #ai itill in sight, bearing east-north>east, dntant twenty leagues. Continuing the course to the west, the next day at noon, discovered land bearing north-wcst-by-weit. The 19th, the weather was foggy, and the wind blew in htevy squalls^ attended with rain, which in this ocean generallv indiMtes'tlie vicinity of none high land. This was veri- fied at three in the afternoon, when ' high land was seen bearing south-west. They had no sooner anchored than laiveralof the natives came off in cances. They were very cautions at first ; but, at last, trusted themselves alongside, and exchanged for pieces of cloth, arrows; some of which were pointed with bone, and dipped in some green gummy substance, which they supposed was poisonous. Two men having ventured on-board, after a short stay, were sent away with preseiits. The people of MalKcollo seemed to be a quite different nation from any they had yet met with, and speak a difl^rent lan- giage. Of about eighty words, which Mr. Forster col- cted, hardly one bears any affinity to the hinguage spoken at any other island or place they bad ever been at. The harbour, on the north-east side of Mallicollo, not fiir from the south-east end, in latitude 16 deg. 25 mitt. 20 sec. souths longitude 167 deg. 57 min. 26 sec. east^ was named Port Sandwich* - Continuing a course to the 'south, 'at five P. M. they drew near tlw southern lands, which were found to con- sist of ene large island, and three or four smaller Olies, Ivfatt off its north side. The two northernmost are tendi tne largest, have a good height, and lie in the direction of east-by^south, and west-l^-northfirom each other, dii- tant' two leaguesi Tbey natned the one Montagu, the other' Hhichiilbrioke, and the large island Sandwich. At strii-ffe^ having disc6vered a new land bearing^ south, Bialdiic thl«e hills, this occasioned them to iMek aiid stand %>wardiit.' Many bf the natives got tbgei^er in l^rtieiy ^ti sevei^l parts of theshore, all armed with bows, ijffeats,' &e; iSome! swam 6ff, others came in canoes. At mt they- were iihy, and keptat the distance of a stone's 3ia VOTAOI8 mOVKO VV\-^ WO^L2>. tbm; ihty §kw inseBiiUy i*«^ <^r ; ami, at latt„ cwmt u^Qf p tbt •tcroy and oiada smm ;;;^%aag€8. Dtiriitg the niglit a lokcaoOk which was about four nilet to the Mresf» vomited up vast quantitic* 0S fire and snioke» as it had also done the ui^t bcfoic; at eTer> eniptioa it made a long rumbling aoasc^ like that of thunder, cr the blowmg up of large mines. The preceding day Mr. Forster learnt from the peo* pie the proper name of the island, whicbthey caliTanna. The produce is bread-fruit, plantai«a, cocoa-n«t% a firuit lika a, nectarine, yanis, tarra,, a sort of potaloe, sngas* cane, wild figs, a fruit like an orange, wbicfa is not oat- ahle« and other fruits and nuts. The bread-fruit, ooeaa^ out^and plantains, are neither so plentiful nor so good as at Olabeitc ; on tlie otber hand, sugar-canes and yams are not only in greater pleaty,bat of superior <|uaUty, and much larger. Hogs did not fteem to be scarce, ibut they saw not many fowls. These are the only donieitic ani- mals they have. Land birds are not more numerous than at Otaheite, and the other islands. The people are of ^ic middle sise, rather slender ; many are little, but few tall or stouA; the most of them have good features, and agreeable countenances ; are, like all the tropical race, active and nimble;, and seem to excel in the use of arms, but not to be fond of labour. Both sexes are <^ a very dark colour, but not black; nor have they the least chai- racter^tic of t))c negrp about them. The^ asake them* selves blacker than they really are, by paintuig their faces with a pigment of the colour of black lead. They named the harbour Port Resolution, after the ship^ sae being the first which ever entered it. It is situated on the north-side of tlie most eastern pomt of the island, aad about east-north-east from the volcano;, in tba lati- tude of 19. deg. 32 mio. 2& sec. hal£>sottU^, aad ift thA- longitudic of 169 deg. 44 inin. 36 see. east., As soon aa the boists were hoisted in, they mader sa«i». and stnttched to the eastward, with a fresb gf^U alyotttb' eatU At day«break, on the 2&th of Ai|ip|ist,,.they!>w4i;e^ ^n the north side of an, island, Cwhich is of a,ipQdmte, heig|it. and three leaguea i^ oifcuit)) and steered- westifon a bbiff>head, along the low^lainl under it., After doitb-r ling the head they found the land to trend south,, a little easterly^, and, to. form a lai^ 'decj^ bay, boiuided on tlie It \ut, ' DiiriiigiJic to the Mresf, F«> as it had M it aad< a tlM blowinjp 'IB tiie peo* oMiTanaa. «»«t% a firuii '**rsogQodaft^ « and yams <|uaUty, and ce, ibat fliey omeatic aai- inerous titan Bople are of Kle, i)ut lew matures, and opical race« iiseofarmfi^ re of a vary e least cli^ BaJcetJieBu rtlieir faces ^'•ey named »s1m being tedon tbe islwd.aad y- tba lati- }IM4i*.tb« ■ladctsai^i they W4r^ >Psouth- east, half-east. At sun-rise, on the 1st of September^ after having stood to south-west all night, no more liind Mras to Iw seen. On the 20th, as they were steering to the south, 1; id was d iscovered bearing south-south-west. Breakers w^re seen about half-way between them and the shore ; and behind, two or three canoes under sail, standing out to sea, as if their design had been to come off. They had hardly got to an anclior, before they were surrounded by a great number of the natives^ in sixteen or eighteen canoes, most of whom were without any sort of weapons. On shore they found the same chief wbo had been seen in one of the canoes hi the morning, his name was Tea* booma ; and they had not been on shore above ten mi- nutes, before he called for silence. Being instantly obeyed by every individual present, he made a short speech ; and soon after another chief, having called for silence^ made a speecbalso. It watpleasing to see with what at- tentibtt ^hey were heard. Their speeches were composed of short fentences ; to each of which two or three eld men answered, by nodding their heads, and giving a kind of grunt, significant of approbation. The inhabitaQts arie a strong, robust, active, well-mkde 978 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. people, courteous and frioodly, und not ia th^leatliul- dieted to pilfering,, which is more than can be said of. any other nation in this sen. They are nearly of the same colour as the natives of Tanna, but have better features, more agreeable countenances, and are a mnch stouter race, a tew being: seen who measured six feet four in- ches ; some had thick lips, flat noses, and full cheeks, and, in some ilegree, the features land look of a negro. Two things contributed to the forming of such an idea ; first, their rough mop heads ; and, secondly, their be> smearing tbeijr faces with black pigment. Their hair and beartls are in, general black. The former is very much frizsied, so that, at first sight, it appears like that of a negro. It is, nevertheless, very different; though both coarser and stronger than ours. The women's dress is a short petticoat, made of the filaments of the plantain-tree, laid over a cord, to which they are fastened, and tied round the waist. The petticoat is made, at least six or eight inches thick, but not one inch longer than necessary for the use designed. The general ornaments for botn sexes are ear-rings of tortoise-shell, necklaces or amulets, made both of shells and stones, and bracelets made of large shells, which they wear over the elbow. They called the island New Caledonia ; and, if we except New Zealand, it is perhaps the largest island in the South Pacific Ocean; for it extends. from the lati- tude of 19 deg. 37 min. to 22 deg. 30 min. south, and from the longitude of 163 deg. 37 min. to 167 deg. 14 min. east. It lies nearly nontb-west, half^west, and south- east, half-east, and is about eighty-seven leagues long in that direction ; but its breadth is not considerable, nor any where exceeding ten. leagues* It is a country full of hills and valleys, of various extent, both for height and depth. The wind continuing at south-west, blowing a fresh gale, and now and then squalls, with showers of rain> they steered to south-south-east, without meeting with any remarkable occurrence till near nooi^ on the 6th of October, when it fell calm. On Xh^ :tOth> at day-brea):, discovered land, bearing south-west, which, pn a nearer approach, was found to be an island of goo^ height, and five leagues in circuit ; they named it Norfolk Isle, in honour of the noble family of Howard. It is situated in the latitude COOK. — 1774. 703 of 29 deg. 2 nin. 30 sec. south, and longitude 168 deg. 16 niin. east After leaving tkis isle, they steered for New Zealand, their intention being to touch at Queen Charlotte's Sound, to refresh the crew, and put the ship in a condi- tion to encounter the southern latitudes. On the 17th, at day-break, saw mount Egmont, covered with everlast- ing snow; At midnight tacked and made a trip to the north, till three o'clock next morning, when they bore away for the Sound. At nine hauled round Point Jackson, through a sea which looked terrible, occasioned by a ra- pid tide, and a high-wind. At eleven o'clock anchored before Ship Cove ; the strong flurries from off the land not permitting them to get in. In the afternoon they went into the cove, with the seine, to try to catch some fish. The first thing after landing was to look for the bottle hid when kst here, in which was the memorandum* It was taken away, but by whom it did not appear. Two hauls with tlie seme producing only four ;imall fish, they, in some measure, made up for thb deficiency, by shoot- ing several birds, which the flowers in the garden had drawn thither, as also some old shags, and by robbing the nests of some young ones. In the afternoon Mr. Wales, in setting up his observatory, discovered that several trees, which were standing when they last sailed from this place, had been cut down with saws and axes; and a few days after, tb^" ^>lace where an observatory^ clock, &c. had been set ur, was also found, in a spot di^ ferent from that Vfherv Mr "■?»ih» had placed bis. It was therefore now no longer io be doubted that the Ad- venture had been in thh )^?ove after they had left it. Nothing remarkable happened till the 24th, when, in the morning, two c^m^es were seen earning down the Sound ; but as soon as they perceived the ship, thev re- tired behind a point on the west side. After breakfast they went in a boat to look for them ; and, as they pro- ceeded along the shore, shot several birds. The report of the muskets gave notice of their approach, and the na- tives discovered themselves in Shag Cove by hallooing; but as they drew near to their habitations, they all fled to the woods, except ^o or three fnc'u, who stood on a rising-ground near the shore, with ilieir arms in their hand^. The moment they landed, they knew th^ni. i 380 VOYAGES RtyVNn THE WORLD. Joy then took place of fetr; ind the rle^t of th^ Hatires hurried out of the woods, and embraced them over and over again ; leapiiig and skipping abont like madmen. There were only a few amongst them whose faces they could recognise, and on their asking why they were afraid, and enquiring for some of their old accfuaintances by name, they talked much about killing, which was so variously understood, that they could gatlier nothing from it, so that, after a short stay, they took leave, and went on-board. On the 3d Mi, Pickersgitl met with some of the na- tives, who related to him the story of a ship being lost, and the people being killed ; boA added, with great ear- nestness, it was not done by them. Early in the morn- ing of the 5th, their old friends made Cook a visit, and brought a seasonable supply of fish. At the same time the Captain embarked in the pinnace, with Messrs. Forster and Sparrman, in order to proceed up the Sound. He was desirous of finding the termination of it : or rather of seeing if he could find any passage out to sea by the south-east, as he suspected, nrom some discoveries made when first here. In their way up, met with some fishers, of whom they made the necessary inquiry ; and they all agreed that there was no passage to the sea by the head of the Sound. On the Gth, wind at north-east, gloomy weather with rain. Their old friends having taken up their abode near, one )f them, whose name was Pedero, (a man of some note,) made Cook a present of a staff of honour, such as the chiefs generally carry. In return he dressed him in a suit of old clothes, of which he was not a little proud. He had a fine person, and a good presence, and nothing but his colour distinguished him from an Euro- pean. Having got him and another into a communica- tive mood, they began to inquire if the Adventure had been there during their absence ; and thev gave them to understand, in a manner which admitted of no doubt, that soon after they were gone she arrived; that she staid between ten and twenty days, and had been gone ten months. They likewise asserted that neither she, nor any other ship, had been stranded on the coast, as had been reported. At day-break, on the tOth, with a fine breeie at west- c , DK.— 1774. 881 nnrth-west, they weighed and stood out of the Sound ; and, atlter getting round the Two Brothers, steered for Cape Campbell, which is at the south-west entrance of the Strait. Having a steady fresh gale at north-north- west, on the 26th and 27th» they steered east; and at noon on the latter were in latitude 55 deg. 6 min. south, longitude 1,38 deg. 56 min. west They now gave up all hopes of finding any more land in this ocean, and came to a resolution to steei direct for the west entrance of the Straits of Magalhaeus, with a view of coasting the outer or south side of Terra del Fuego, round Cape Horn to the Strait Le Maire.They steered east-by-north and east, half-north, on 17th of December, under all the sail they could carry, with a fine fresh gale at nortL-west-by-west, in expectation of seeing the land before night ; in order to make sure of falling in with Cape Deseada. Two hours after, they made the land, extending from nortb- east-by-north, to east-by-south, about six leagues distant. Continuing to range the coast, at about two leagues distance, at eleven o'clock passed a projecting point, which was called Cape Gloucester. At three, passed Cape Noir, which is a steep rock of considerable height, and the south-west point of a large island that seemed to lie detached, a league or a league and a half from the main land. This is the most desolate coast they ever saw. It seems entirely composed of rocky mountains, without the least appearance of vegetation. These mountains ter- minate in horrible precipices, whose craggy summits spire up to a vast height, so that hardly any thing in nature can appear with a ii ore barren and savage aspect than the whole of this country. Here they anchored in thirty fa- thoms, the bottom sand and broken shells; and carried out a kedge and hawser to steady the ship for the night. The morningof thc2lst wv>s calm and pleasant. After breakfast the captain bet out with two boats to look for a more secure station. They fouud a cove, in which was anchorage in thirty, twenty, and fifteen fathoms, the bottom stones and sand. At the head of the cove was a stony beach, a valley covered with wood, and a stream of fresh water. A number of the natives, in nine canoes, had been alongside the ship, and some ou-board. Little address was required to persuade theni to either, for tbe/ seemed to Oe well enough acquainted with Europeans, and 382 VOTAOEd BOUND T^B WORLD. had, amongst them, some of their knives. The next morning, the 26tfa, they made another visit. They were Of the Ytme nation formerly seen in Success fifty, and the ssmeifrhich M. de Bougainville distinguishies by the name of Pecharas, a word which these had, on every oc* sion, in their mouths. They are a little, ngly, half-starved, beardless race. They are almost naked ; their clothing was a seal-skin ; some had two or three sielWed together, so as to mak(6 a cloak which reached to the knees ; but the moit of them had only one skin, hardly large enough to cover their shoulders, and all their lower parts were 3uite naked. The women cover their nakedness with the ap of a sealskin, but in other respects arie clothed like the men. They, as well as the chtldreu, remained in the canoes. The festival celebrated at this place occasioned their giv- ing it the name of Christmas Souv«d. The entrance, which is three leagues wide, is situated sn the latitude of 55 deg. 27 niin. south, longitude 70 lieg. 10 min. west, and, in the directic^i of north, ;>7 deg. west, from St. lldefonso Isles, distant ten leagues. At four o'clock in the morning, on the 28th of Decem- ber, began to unmoor, and at eight weighed, and stood out to sea. At half-past seven, 29th, passed the famous Cape Horn, and entered the southern Atlantic Ocean, it is the Very same point of land Cook took for the Cape, in 1769, which at that time he was doubtful of. It is the most southern extremity, on a group of islands of un- equiil extent, lying before Nassau Bay, known by the name of Hernrte Islands, and is situated in the latitude of 55 deg. 58 miu., and in the longitude of 68 deg. 13 min. west, according to the observations made of it in 1769. But the observations whfch they had in Christmas Sounds :^nd reduced to the Cape by the watch, and others v/liich they had afterwards, and reduced back to it by the uzme means, place it in 67 deg. 19 min. It is uio5t pro- bable that a mean between the two, viz. 67 deg. 46 min. will be niearest the truth. After passing it, steered for Strait Le Miiire, with a view of looking into Success Bay, to see if there were any t.ices of the Adventure having been there. On Mr. PickersgilPs landing he was courteously received by se- veral of the natives, who were clothed in guanicoe and vooK.-«17'7«>. 883 'Mal-tkiot, an^ iiad on their aroit bracelet** intde.of silver wire, and wrougbt not unlike the bilt of ft sword, being no doubt the manufacture of some Europeans.. They were the same kind of people seen in Christmas Soubo, and, like them, repeated the word pechera on every oc casion. One man spoke much to Mr. Pickersgill, point- ing first to the ship and then to the bay, as if he wanted her to come in. Mr. Pickersgill said the bay wiis full ot whales and seals ; and they bad observed the same on the strait, especially on the Terra del Fuego side, where the whales, in particular, are exceedingly numerous. Next morning, at three o'clock, they bore up for the east end of Staten Land. At length, after making a few boards, fishing, as it were, for the best ground, they an« chored in twenty-one fathoms water, a ston^ bottom, about a mile from an island. After dinner hoisted out three boats, and landed with a large party of men ; some to kill seals, others to catch or kill birds, fish, or what came in their way. To find the former it mattered not where 4hey landed, for the shore was covered with them ; and by the noise they made one would have thought the island was stocked with cows and calves. They were adiflTerent animal from seals, but in shape and motion ejCactly re- sembling them ; they called them lions, on account of the great resemblance the male has to that beast. Next day, January the 1st, 1775, finding that nothing was wanting biit a good harbour to make this a tolerable place for ships to refresh at, whom chance or design might bring hither ; sent Mr. Gilbert over to Staten Land in the cutter to look for one. About teu o'clock Mr. Gilbert returned from Stareu Laud, where he found a good port, situated three leagues to the westward of Cape St. John. It may be known by some small islands lying in tlie entrance. Having left the land in the evening of the dd, they saw it again nextmorning, bearing west. Their course was south- east, with a view of discovering that extensivt' coast laid down by Mr. Dalrymple in hiH chart, in vvhich is the gulph of St. Sebastian. At nine o'clock, on the i4th, saw an island of ice, as they then thought, but at noon were doubtful whether \t was ice or land. Th>;y had but little wind- all the morning, and at two P. M. il fell calm. It was now no longer doubted that it was land, and not ice. TOY AG M mOVVm THI WORLD. insight Itwa8» howcTer, in m maaAer wholly VtyfC^ with iBOw. They were Ihrthcr ewoAnmd hi Itf befalg huMl, by^finding sowidicgi'nt 175 ftithontt, ii ^ddily bottom..- At this time they had m grant swell ftoM the Mttth, im indiciition thet no land was near in that direeti^n ;^iiet«r^ theless, the vast quantity of snOwon that in si^f, iti- duccd them to think it was extensiTe^ and'thoy ehclse th begin with exploring the northern isoast. They liildedat three different places^ displanred their colours, ahd took possession of the country m his nmjeetVs naui«, under fii discharge of snail arms. They oallea the bsy Posses- sion Bay. It4S situated in the latitude of 64 deif. 5Mv. south, longitude 37 deg. 18 min. west, and eleten leagues to the east of Cape North. A few miles to the west bfPos- session Bay, between it and Cape BuUer, litts thci Bay 6t Isles, so named on account of sefehd small islei lying in and before it. ^^ »'^«* ■^■■mmfi* w f ^«^>:/? >• They called this land the Isle of Georgia, id hohoUr of his miyesty. It is situated between the lat Ades of 53 deg. 57 min. and 54 deg. 57 mtfi. south; ildd b end to eo, unless they observed some certain signs of ttoon meeting with land. * t. They continued to stand to the east till the 28th^ iJIr^ea they fell in, ail at once, with a vast number of lar^ ice- islands, and a sea strewed with loose ice. At haif>past sii^<, on the 31st, standing north-north-cast, with the wind at west, the fog very fortunately clearing away a little, they discovered land a-head, three or four miles distant. It extended from north-by-east to east-south-east, and was called Cape Bristol, in honour of the lioble family of liervey. They called this land Southern Thule, because it is the most southern land that has ever yet been dis- covered. It shews a surface of vast height, and is every where covered with snow. oooK.-^1770. 386 Ou tW latof Febnniry, »t four iii' the morning, got sight of • new c deg. cRit. It pro^ * high pwrnontiorv, wtiich was named Cape Montago^ situated in hititude 68 deg. 27 mill* soirtfa, longitude 26 deg. 44 min. wett, and seven or eight leagues to the north of Cape Bftstol. Continuing ta steer to the north all night, on the 2d, a' new land was seen, bearing north 12 deg. east, abont ten leagoes distlmt. It appeared in two bumntocki just -peeping above the ho- rizon. The weather was now become fp0sition of being an' island which was named Saunders, after Sir Charles. They stood to the north, having a light breete at west-hy- south. At this time they saw the hiod, which proved to be two islea. The day on which they were discovered, was the occasion of calling them Candlemas Isles ; latitude il deg. 11 min. south, loniptude 27 deg. 6 min. west. At day- break on the 7t^ resumed t&ir course to the east, with a very fresh gale at south' west-by-west^ at- tended by^a high sea from the same direction^ Towards noon on the 14lh, the wind veering to the south, in- creased to a very strong gale, and blew in heatvy squalls, attended with snow; They continued to steer east, in- clining a little to the north, and in the afternoon crossed the first meridian* or that of Greenwich, in the latitude of 27 deg. 50 min. south. Tliey had now madethecirouit of the southern 'deg^ south, and about 4 de^;. of longitude to the east of the mertdkui of the Cape of Good Hope. 9Q6 VOYAGES mot)}?!^ THE WOBLD. At on their backs, till there be an oppor- tunity to take them off the next day. It is recommended to send a good many men to each beach, where they were to lie quiet till the turtle were ashore, and then rise and turn them at once. This method may be the best when the turtle are numerous ; but when there are but few, three or four men are sufficient for the largest beach; and if they keep patroling it, close to the wash of the surf, during the night, by this method they will see all that come ashore, and cause less noise than if there were more of thero. It was by this method they caught the most; and this is the method by which the Aoiericans take them. Nothing is more certain, than that all the turtle which are found about this island, come here for the sole purpose of laying their eggs ; for they met with none but females; and of all those which were caught, not one had any food worth mentioning in its stomach; a sure sign that they must have been a long time without any; and this may be the reason why the flesh of them is not so good as some they eat on the coast of New South Wales, which were caught on the spot where they fe^. On the 0th of June at noon made the island of Fer- nando de Noronha, bearing south-west- by- west half-west, distant six or seven leagues, as they afterwards found by the log. It appeared in detached and peaked hills, tbf largest of which looked like a church-tower or steeple. After standing very near rocks, they hoisted their tt>- Inurs, and then bore up round the north end of the isle f 2 .\5 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 l^|28 12.5 |jo ■^~ HH U£ IM 12.2 I.I "^m "^ U£ lilllO I 1.8 L25 iu ii.6 09190911114 4U Uif ii? ^fiai-iiig anid 1/Ml4 i^i4 ea^t wiiijdi. CM^, <# ^,sf||ip|0 tpi| betH ll^rlwwrA a^J^^tciii In^^^p, jvlip j^ut in # II1U i^a ii| fiaf writ. out in 1770. They w^« ytfy nwh» «9ff Ul Wm^i^fi rf^ri99bmi^i|t8.api4 water. The Pprmgacsa siipfilicji ^m mth 9m^ hut^Ufft^ w4 (otwk^ ^Rd t|^«« wa)^ h^klm of^^ of! the fau^afiheB ijD a litt|* fHfoA, Bv radiiawg ttii <||iserv^d latit«^ at opDn, ^» the pealK<4^(» it§ lntitiirffV, 1^1 .b^ ^ 4(^ (^$( Qup. fqqth, and it«J(Migitttdf). hgr ^ wiAch, ca|rA4^g^ H imiik. wj?f|. At fixe o'clock in tb^ ey^^iag pf t^ Ijltlp J||||(i OM^e tljie i^Und of FayeU onapf? the Aac^ff a* »iwl wp* an^r t^al ^ ^i^ of stQiie-WAck, extending along Ibta^a^shpra fronft tl^9liet)»t|iere th^is nq r^pad for fthipi^; b^f baiog brought to i>e |l«)rta«. «Ufd %oi tl^^q^ shipped abroad, cbie^y, to Amf rjca, it baa ac- ^ujire^tMnaq^ec^fFayalwiiic. ^ I , Of^ tb^ Sl^h tboy n^da the bu^ neaT: Ply i^i^tb^ , Th« Hei^t i|9pniipg^<^iored at $pijji)ead ; 9^ tba saniie day< Cap^laiii Cifffk^ la^dc^ ajl Ports^fVlth. ^iid if t owl Jof U^doQ, in c|if|ip«Dj^ « 4 Mc«ei«'dl biiliy hit^ ^ytfi of the idib^ nftture fN)nl Lb«a^aM#idr^ Mf/BaMl^ attd stV^ftl otlter g«totlehi«ft aih« ladi^i 6f h)i ibtfMlliI^ illite. In khbtt, «i^ert tfi^hod hftd hften «iiplb%)M, B^ difribg hfs abode ill Eh|l«m^, Aiid «e hi> faitl €f«Hi«^ ha«i Mii«d f^nh %nib^th Ota th« Ist bf A\i^tt«f, and ihbtold htVfe ht^ir herfe If #M $obiter, if th« gal^l^ #Hld^hif(d ilbt |}l4l#ir hfffi dlT tl^y bbait. ''•nfi §0 VOYAGES ROUND THI^ WOULD. , In the morning of the. 30tl», Ih^y repmiiNl oa-lMNiffd, At five in the a(ternoona dri^seipruni^. up at south-east, with whfch tbi^jr weighie«i, and itOod out of the bay. On tM 12th of DetD^nibcr, at noon, saw land extending from iiiii|h'efist-by»sbuth, to south-east-by-east. Upon a QCArer 9ppf iskindii, I degrees samctltr imnienio- ^ away a in island it circuit, iide, one 0, in the ie4ll»pr ' did iMit peiiipikt an wfom^t ■I- ;-( •' Hour of \'^ ChrUtmat Harbouri -S£2^- y^ il/orat in Tongatabou. I t COOK.— 1777. 3ftl Adminl Sir Hngli Palliser, After leaving Kerguelen't land, they steered east-by*n6rtb, intending, in ol^ien which was as wooUff ay thtt of any; iutiv« of Guinea; but they were not distiagttiilied bv remarkably thick lips, nor flat noses. On the contrary, their features were ftir from being . dis- agreeable. They bad pretty good eyes ; and their teetli were tolerably even, but very dirty. Most of them had thdr half and beards smeared with a re^ TMman, who discovered it in Novem- ber 1648. Frcm that time it had escajped all fturtiier no- tice by liiuiopean navigators, till Captain Fumetnix touched at it in March 1773. The land is, for the most part, of a good height, diversified with hills and valleys, snd every where of a greenish hue. It is well wooded : and, if one may judge from appearances, and from what they met with in Adventure-My^ is not ill supplied with water. The best, or what is most convenient for ehips that touch here, is a rivulet, which is one of sevc- val that fiill into a pond, that lies behind the beach at the head of the bay. It there mixes with the sea-water; so that it tfust be taken up above this pond, which may be VOYAGES ROUHi) THB WORLD. 4wt without any grest tri>ui>le. Firewood i» to be •^f with great ease, in several phicea. At eight in the morniog of the 80th of Janvargr, a light bfeeie springiDg up at west, they weighed aacbor, and put to sea from Adventure-bay. On Ine lOlh-af Febru^ aty, discovered the land of New Zcahiod. The |iMt they taw proved to be Rock's Point, about eight • or nine laapes distant Tbey now ateerad ^r ftte^ibens's Island^ which they came up with at atna o'clodiat nigbt ; and at tan, nait niomtng» anchored in their oMslaiioa, iiiQneea GlMitlotle'j^und. They had not bean long aiinchor befiire aeveral canoes, filled witb natives, oaaM aleiigsidi of the ships; but very few would venture oa<«b temooD. The^ aho shewed the place where the boat lay ; and it appeared to be about two hundred y^dii ditf- tant froiir that where the crew were seated; OHe of their number, a black servant of Captaia Furneaux, wasi.left m the boat to take care of her. FotiTOine timtf betbre they arrived at Hew Zealand, Omai had eitprefs^d H desii^ to take Oiie c. the natives with hiaf to His own cduntry . They had not been tiiere raail^ da^, bctbre he liad'aa oppdrtuilSty of being gtfati- fied in this ;- for h v^^iith atont seventeea or eighteen yearis of age^ aaated Tliweiharoda, offered to aecbnipany him ; and t> After leaving Maogeea» on. the aUtemoon of tb^ aoth Mmri^h^ they continued northward all that oighf^ttid 'till mooiiWh the 31st ; when they agam saw land, disthnt cjii^t or teii leag;ues. Next momiogs at eigbt^'dcidKi }^ g9t wUb^n four leagues, and coidd iiow pronouaoe-tf^ la b^ an i#lalid» nearly of the sameappeAfi^aa aiid extdl^ vr|t|i that so lately left. At theaametimc^ another islHiWl^ BNitb smaller, was seen right a«4cad« ft was^i0t Nit| wb«a three;c^noes came aloii(r*side of the ResoMMi:/ iich conducted by one man. Tliey are tong and iiiirn»#^; .• m 9% r ft COOK.— 17T7. and f upported by out-riggcri. Some knvei, beads, and other iriflff, were conveyed to tbeir vititori ; and th«y fave a fow cocoa-niiti upon asking for then. Not long allaiv a^louble canoe, in. which were twelve men, cane towafd llpem. At they drew near the ship, they recited some words in concert, by way of chorus, one of their BpaU>er first standing* up, and giving the word before each reftetitioa. When they had finished their solemn elpht, they came along-side and asked for the chiof;'4'«^ At thrne in the afternoon Mr. Gore retnrned, and sald| that^he liad examined all the west side of the island, with* out finding a- place where a boat could land, or the ships aacbor^the shore being every where bounded by a steep coral rock, against which the sea broke in a dreadfiil surf, through which some of them swam firom the boats. Scarcely had Omai landed, when he found, amongst the cvbwd, three of his own countrymen, natives of die Society Islands. At the distance of about two hundred leagues from those islands, an immense, unknownocean ipitCKveningt with such wretched sea^ boats as their inha- bitants are known to make use of, and fit only for p pas- sage whinre sight of land is scarcely evei lost, such a meeting,: at such a place, may well b<» looked upon as^ one of those unexpected situations, with whieh the wri- ters of feigned adventures love to surprlie their readers. It .may etsiljr be. guessed, with what mutual surpriae and satisfaotion they engaged in conversatbn. Their story lis an affecting one. About twenty persons, of both sexes, had emmirked on-board a canoe at Otaheite, to. cross over to the neipbbooring island Ulielea. A vio- lent contrary wind arising, they could neither reach the latter,; nopr get back to tro former. Their intended ptH- sage being a. very short one^ their stock of provisiods aiit> scanty, and soon exhausted. The hardships they Sttffored,. while driven along by the storm, thtj knew not whither, are not to be conceived. They passed Qian^ days without having anjjy thing to eat or drink. Ipheifr oumbeis gradually, dimmislied,- Worn out by fth n^tt9^ and; fiitigoe* Four men only survived, wheir the caiKHS - overset ; and ; thenr the pmition of this smaH raipiiaiil seemed inevitable.: 'However^ they kept ban^h| bftthaiaidifeoliheir vessd^ during «ome of the la&t dn^si pProvidoioe bionghttiieBi in sight of the people d ▼OTAOIt BOUND THE WOBLD. tlbit island, who immcdiiteljr iient o«t amoei, took tliNi oir tbeir wneck, and brought them ashore. Of the km wVo were thus saved, one was since dead. Tkt otiMf three, who lived to have this opportunity of giving an ao* coiiat of their alasost miraculous transplantation^ spoke highly of the kind treatment they here met with. And so well satisied were they with their situation, that thtf mfusad the offer made to them by the gentlemen^ at Omai's requeat, of giving them a passage to thtir natian ifiands. The simitariiy of manners and laagnage had more than natnraliicd them to this spots and the fnsh connexions which thev had -here formed, and which it would have been painful to have broken off, after aneh n leopfh of time, sufficiently account for their deelininig lo revisit the places of their birth. They bad arrived upon chil island at least twelve years ago. This island is eaUed Wateeoo by the nativea. It lias in the latitude nf BO deg. 1 min. south, and in we loB|p- tode 20 deg. 45 niin. east, and is about sia Icaguu in circMmferencc. It is a beautiful spot, witbasurfooe can»- piiitid of hills and plains, and covered with verdure of nian^ hues. U^b< airt had carried the sbipa some distanoa ivoos Wfte^po* before day-break» They, therefore^ steeisd for a ne%|ihouring island, discovered three dayabefiNia. This island Uea in the latitude of 111 deg. 51 min. aontb, and the (oi^iiuda of 201 deg. 97 min. eaat» aboni thien or fbiir leagues from Wateeoo, the iitbabiluits of whiok cciiM it Olakoolaia ; and soosetimes they spoke of it under the aMdhition pi Weneoa-ettc^ wnieli signiiea \itfit island. They aasde sail agam to the northward, hn^ tending to try their fortune at Hervey's Island^ diaaw* vered In 1718. At th decide diftHebtea. It being their interest, as well as inclina- 400 ▼PTAGBS t6l>ND Tlfft WOllLD. tioB, to pt]r court t0 all the great men, withcliit making iiM|iiinf iBto the valtdity of tireir MMinied titlesi tbey In Tited Poulftho ott-board. He could not be an unwelieonie gueit; for lie brought witb bim, as a present, two good fiit hogs; though not so fat as himself. If weight of body cotttd give weight in rartk or power, he was eef* tainly the most eminent man, in that respect, they had seen; for, though not very tall, he was very unwieldy, and almost sliapclctts with corpulente. He seemed to oe aboDt Ibrty yeatsof age, had straight hair, and his fe»- tuies differed a good deal from tbo^ of the burtk of bis people. They found him to be a sedate, sensible man. He viewed the ship, and the several new objects, with uncommon attention, and asked many pertiuent ques- tions ; one of wbitb was, what eould induce them to visit these istatids 1 After he had satisfied his curiosity in looking at the eatfle and other novelties wliich he me't with upon deck, the captain desired him to walk down into the eabin. To this some of his attendants objected, saying, that, if he were to accept of that invitation, it must happen, that people would walk over his head; which could* not be permitted. Cook directed Omai to tell them that he would obviate their objection, hy giv- ing orders, that tto one should presume to walk upon that part of the deek which wait over the cabin. Whe- ther this expedient would have satisfied thcita was far from appearing ; bi!it the chi^f hiVnself, le>sii scrupulous in this respect (h«M his attendants, waived all eelr four verv long posts, near two feet from each other. The space Between the posts was afterward filled up with yams; and as they went on filling it, fastened pieces of sticks across, from post to post, at Ih^ distance of about every four feet, to prevent the posts from separating, by the weieht of the enclosed yams, and also to get up by. When the yams had reached the top of the first posts they fastened others to them, and so continoed till each pile was the height of thirty feet, or upward. On the top of one they placed two baked hoffs, and on the top of the other a living one; ,,and another tne^ tied by the le^s, half-way up. It was matter of curiosity to observe with what facility and dis- patch these two piles were raised. After they had qpm- pleted these two piles, they made several other heaps of ^ams and bread-fruit on each side of the area; to which were added* a turtle and a large quantity of excellent fish. All this, witb a piece of cloth, a mat, and some red feathers, was the king's present to the captain;, and 1)« COOK,— 1 777. 403 teemed to pique himself on exceeding, as he really did Feenou*t liberality, which they experienced at Hapaee. Accompanied by a few of thw king's attendants, and Dmai as interpreter, they walked out to take a view of fiatookUt or burying-place, which they had observed to be almost close by the house, and was much mo^e ex- tensive, and seemingly of more consequence, than any they had seen at the other islands. They were told it belonged to the king. It consisted of three pretty large houses, situated upon a rising ground, or rather Just by the brink of it, with a small one at some distance, all ranged longitudinally. The middle house of the three tirst was by much the largest, and placed in a square, twenty-four paces by twenty-eight, raised about three £eet. The other houses were placed on little mounts, raised artificially to the same height. The floors of these houses, as also the tops of the mounts round thiem, were covered with loose, fine pebbles, and the whole was in- closed by large flat stones of hard coral rock, properly hewn, placed on their edges ; one of which stones mea^ sured twelve feet in length, two in breadth, and above one in thickness. One of the houses, contrary to whill they had seei. before, was open on one side ; and within it were two rude, wooden busts of men ; one near the entrance, and the other farther in. On inquirii^ of the natives who had followed them to the ground, biit durst not enter, what these images were intended fori they made them sensible they were merely memorials of some chiefs who had been buried there, and not tn|^, is about twenty lelgiiet in dreuit, Mnewlmt sblong, though bv much broadcit at the cast end; and il& greatest length from east to wevu The island may, with great propriety, be caHed a k>w one, as the trees, on the west part, where they now la^ at anchor, only appeared ; and the only eminent part, which can be seen m»ni a ship, is the south-east point. The general appearance of the country does not afford that beautiful kind of landscape that is produced from a^im- riety of hills and valleys, lawns, rivulets, and cascades; but at the same time, Tt conveys an idea of the most enu- beraat fertility, whetlier we respect the places improved by art, or those still in a natural state ; both which yield all their vegetable productions with the greatMt vigpant and perpetual verdure. OntjMiOth, at eight o'clock in the morning, they weigh- ed avahor, and were enabled to stretch awaylbr Middle* burgh, or Bona, (as it is called by the inhabitants,) where they anchored at eight o'clock the neat mornings Cook put ashore, at this island^ a ram and two ewes, of the Capeof Ooed Hope breed of sheep; entrusting them to the care of Taoofa, who seemed proud of his charge. It wfljs fbctunate, perhaps, that Mareewagee, to wlMias^ he had given them, slighted the present. Eooa ttotifattving^ as yet, got any dogs upon it, seems to be a moie proper (Hftce than Tongataboo for the rearing of sheep. As they lay at anchor, this island bore a very different aspect ff'om any they bad lately seen^ and fermod a most beautiful landscape. It is higher than any they had passed since leaving Ne# Zealand, and from its top, which is almost flat, declines very gently towards the aca. As the other isles of this duster are level-, the eye cvu discover nothing but the trees that cover them; but here the land, rising gently upward, presents an ntten- sive prospect, v^here groves of trees are only interspersed at ifreguhir distances, in beautiful disorder, and the rest covered with grass. Near the shovp, again, it is qnite shaded with various trees, amonest which are the habita- tions of the natives, and to the right of their station was *nc of the most extensive groves of cocoa-palms tlmy bao evier seen. The 19th, a paity made an incursion to the highest part of the island, which was a little^o the right COOK,— 1777. 4M o# Mm •bipfk in ordtr to hav« a full view of the oooatry. Alwut h«lf-way up, tliey crossed s bad received their infonnation ranked amongst the smaU ier isles. Some, or indeed several of this latter dcoomi* ration, are mere spots, without inbal^tants. Bat it must be left to future navigators* to introdtice into the geography of this part of the Soutb Pacific ocean^ the exact situation and siae of near a hundred moro islands in tlii» iieighhotMrhood, which they had not an opportu- nity to explore. At eleven o'clock in the morning of the 8th of Angus!, land was seen, bearing norlh'north'easf, nine or tei» leagues distant. At Hrst it appeared in ddlaohed hills, lihe separate islands; but, aa they drew: nearer^ found tint they were all connected. Two canoes having ad<- vanced to about the distance of a pistol-shot firom the ship, there stopped. After making several unsuccessful attempts to induce these people to come alongnde, they made sail to the north, but not without getting the name of their island, which they called Toobouai. It it situated in the latitude of 23 deg. 25 min. south, and in 210 d«g» 3? min. east longitude. Its greatest extent, in any direction, exclusive of the reef, is not above five Of six milet* At di^breakv on the morning of the 19th, they saw> the islaiM of Maitet. Soon after, Otaheite niade its ap- I9# VOYAGBl^ ftbtJKl> T^B WOBLtt. ptitraitce.. A ehiitf, whointliey M kilowta teftllrt^lilttiie..■ ' : The unhappy victim offered to the object bftheiir worship upon this occasion, seemed to be a middle-aged man; and, as they were told, was it fdtifoM, t|iat is, one of the lowest clasi of the people. Those who are die- voted to suffer, in order to perform this bloody act of worship, are never apprized of their fate, till the blow it given that puts an , end to their existence. Wlieneyer anj one of the great chiefs thinks a human sacrifice nece» sary, on any particular emergency, he pitches upon the vtctim. Some of his trusty servants are then sent, whc j;.j ti6oiL.~l77^. 4)Kr fHll-iipon him tadddiljr,. and j^t bim todeatli with • dub, or by vtosmg bin. The hing it next acquainted with it, who*e pir^aencf , at the solemn rttct that foib#, is abso^ lutdy oe^essanr. • , At day-brcali, In the morning or the ^tb^ aftar leaving Otabeile, they stood for the north end of Eimeo ; the har- bour wbich tb^ wished to examine beins at that part of 'iU> Omai, in bis canoe, having arrived there long before them, had taken some necessary measures to shew the place. This harbour, wbich is called Taloo, is situated upon the north side . of the island, in the district of (>bo6nohoo^ or Poonolioo. It runs in south, or south- by-east, lietween the hills, above two miles. > For secu- rity, and goodness of its bottom, it is not inferior to any harbour at any of the islands in this ocean. Ou the dd, Maheine, the chief of the island, paid tbein a visitt He approached the ship with great caution, and it required some persuasion to aet him on-board. Pro- bably, be was under some apprehensions of mischief from tli«m, as friendp of the Otabeiteans; these people not being able to comprehend how they can be friends with any one, without adopting, at the same time, his cause against his enemies. Maheine was accon^anied by his wife, who is sister to Oamo^ of Otaheit|. This chief wlfo, wfth a few followers, |ias made himsW in a manner independent of Otaheite, is between forty and 6fty years old. He is bald-headed,, which is rather an uncommon appearance in these islands, at, that age. He wore a kj^nd of turban, ami seemed ashamed to shew his head. ; Having left Eimeo, with a gentle breeseand fine wea«^ ther^ at day-break tbe next morning saw Huak«ine. 4t noon, they anchored at the north entrance of Owharre harbour, on the west side of tbe island. Their arrival brought all the principal people of tbe island to the ships the next mdrnihg, being the 13tb. This Was just wliat they wished, as it was high time to think of settling ^inai ; and the presence of these chieft would enable Cook to do ft in the most satisfactory manner. One of them immediately expressed himself to this effect : "that' the whole island of Huaheine,and every thing in it, were the captain's*; ahdthaf, therefore,' he might give what portion of it be pleased to his friend." Omai, who, like the rest of his countrymen, seldom sees things bey one VOTAOIl B«VKD TO*. WOKLD. tlM^MTiiMit^ MOiMnt^ wmi ytfj fitinid to hear thii; tlHafci«g,,ili^^Ui|il>l. ikM Me MiQukl be vwf )ibm^, ^ give ^p fii9iif|i. jifiva llii% iopiii, elweli irlMi bfdJfft the aMCBibly, were teot for; aiictiifter afMict ooptiUl^* tao» miMag, tlifiptel?^ ^ie iw^mil iiri»< gnuitptf bj geoeml coMMit^ jUhL tin f round iii|iMMi<*ly RMied ifHopi, a^jii^wMM; fo Uk^I^hm^ wImto iIm iBee|i«gii«e.hckl, Thee^ttn^ jM^ jUie 4oi^'<>t,tliO;NiMfV^ ^M. nbont two iMUMirefi jwiNllK. fin^ Ml^ iliipllH, IP^ tlw^ foot of tlw biU,,sfMic^lMU(Ji9i%: but a prnportUtmA pBti oCtbebi^^ W99 ifiel!wi|eaJa •N erwit Oimy now b«|i|n :ierioii|l^,to jlllited tQxb^own i and eepeni^ boHTtily of bu^^yudgcdprot^gality itbiJie at Otabeile. 1^. found at Ri^#i|if.a (Nrolb|i^,li#i»ler» and a brother-iai law* tbf jiitor bein|t iiiiirniKWn But these did nbc j^luiider l^iin, ^ bo bviL biNy bc0| J^y ||U oiber reb^ioiii, At aoopi. ni^ Qpa| wi*. «ett|ed m bi|> new habitation, Qoob b^« |o tl^i^pfc of Mft^blf tbf^ {H- land ;' and got efery tbipAofT^ri^jfii Ibe, tb|9|i», Nlif. even^ ing, except the bone ananoM, lupd n |fl<^»^ ^i^ ^M»., wbich wefj^lefij w Ibe, y i>>»g«fipi% ot^ ^|M» with wbon tbey W4iil( i^\%il%Jipii^. JpAb^id^ and twOv«(^of jbfEilglli^.lffld^^^^^ f^l i| •ow or tfw df bif #>«. , ig^jAoifie vccfff rdl tbe martf w4ule al p|i|#te.:, M bones iMMMiefB i4lappfi^,u $|e)y^io, ba^Aanoeeodedbgr tbia vi^M^tepretiipl. ■ J, tie,lbad j>ieM ^i ^y>|i^e2|elo«i. or ^[1^ Jmlm^i the two Ntew S^i)||ia4 jyptfi^, ripaipedt>¥4>«^^^bf «MM| bia> bioib^if, and aboie oliicn, joined bTn al^ fluab^imt ; CO t|ial iMij^ihf eoiifi^ of^^ftbt.o^l^ perioniyit Ifi^iifl^.M called a nnUy toMBcb n^^f. aingle feiuJe ai y|rt belonged, norlnaf li)idb4o bokiw^ . untets Hi niMlci^ be fame^ leia i^plati'tei. M piiMfat« OomI did^ n^ f<^P *t all dUposedilo lake onto bimaf If % wife^ The iioii# which they ercdedrfc^r hip was twenty*^^ four fMt i^y eigbtepi, and, ten feel high. His Eurofiean! we^os consii|ted of a musket^ faayofiet^, and. cajrto««b- box^ a ib(wllng-|i|fGjt, two ^r of piitok^ and two they had either been visited before by sone eivilix^d' nation, or had connec- tions with tribes on lh«ir contitieiif, who had communi- cation with them*' Bui the most €f3i^raordinary of all the articles brought td the ships for sale, wiere^ human skulls, and hands not '^t quite stripiyed«f the flesh, which they made tht^ir people plidlily' liiiderstand they had eaten ; and, indeed^ «ome or theM had evident marks they had been Upon the fire. They had 1>ut too mtich reason to suspect, from this circumstance, that the horrid practice of feeding on their enemies is as prevalent here as at New Zeahind and otb^r South Sea Islands. For the various articles which they brought, they took in exchange knives, chissels, pieces of iron and tin, nails, looking- glasses, buttons, or any kind of metaU Gliss beads they were not fond Of, and cloth of every sort they rejected. On their arrivisl in this inlet, Cook had honoured it with the name of King George's Sound; but afterwHnI found that it is called Nootka by the natives. The tn- trance is situated in the eiast-corner of Ho))c Bay, in tlic latitude of 49 de^. 33 min. north, and in the loligiiude of 233 deg. 12 mm. east. Having put to sea on the evening of the 26th, witli strong signs of an approachiiig'iltorm, these signs did not deceive them. F<:niunately the wind veered no farther soutoerly than libuth-east ; so that at day-light the next morning, they Ivere quite clear of the coast. In latitude 58 deg. 63 inin. ana lOngitude 220 deg. 62 min.; the summit of an elevated Imyuiitiiih appeared alM>v6 the ho- rizon, bearing 'mtth, JB6 deg. west ; and, as was after- wards found, forty leagues distant. They supposed it to be Beering^s Mount St. Elias; and it stands by that name in their chart. To an iiilet, which they now entered. Cook gave the tiame of Prince William's Sound. To judge of this Sound from what they saw of it, it occupies, at least, a degree posed it s by that gave the ? of this t least, a tude, ex- which b al visits, though uare, or part of yiew in Nootka Sound. Inhabitanlt of Norton Sound, h'!«# COOK.— 1778. 413 their body seemed to be .their heads, which were very large, with thick short necks ; and large broad or spread- ing faces, which, upon the whole, were flat. Their eyes, though. np^ snwdl, scarcely b half-east. As it continued calm all day, they did not move till eight o'clock in tlie evening,, when, with alight breeze at east, they weighed and stood to the north, up the inlet. Un- til they got thus far, the water bad retained the same de- gree of saltness at low a» at bigh-w«ter, and, at both periods, was as salt as that in the ocean« But now the nis^rks of a river displayed tbcmselveis. The water taken up this ebb, when at the lowest, wa» found to be very considerably fresher tb^n any hitherto tasted : insomuch thai Cpok was convinced they were in a large river, and not in a strait* comtnunicating with the northern seas. By means of this, river, and itsseveml branches, a very exten- sive inlapd Cjommunication lies open* They traced it as lii^h as the latitude of 61 deg. 30 min., and the longitude of 210 deg., which is seventy leagues or more, from its entrance, without seeing the least appearance of its source. If the discovery of this great river, which pro- mises to vie with the most considerable ones already known to be capable of extensive inland navigation, should prove pf use either to the present, or to any fu- ture age, the time spent in it ought to be the less re- gretted* Captain Cook having here left a blank, which 414 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. he liad not Ailed up with any particular name, Lont Sandwich directed, with the greatest propriety, that i should be called Cook's River. h^ As soon as the ebb-tide made they weighed, and, wit| a light breeze, plied down the river. At eight in the eveningj the island of St; Hermogenes extended from south half-east, to south*south-ea«t a quarter-east On the 17th, the wind was between west and north-west, a gentle breeze^ and sometimes almost calm. The weather was clear, and the air sharp and dry. At noon, the con- tinent extended from soutb-west to north-by-east ; the nearest part seven leagues distant. A large group of is- lands lying about the same distance from the continent, extended from south, 26 deg. west, to south 62 deg. west. They had now land in every direction. That to the south extended to the south-west, in a ridge of moun- tains; but their sight could not determine whether it composed one or more islands. They afterward found it to be only oae island, and known by the name of Oo- nalashka. Mr. Andersen, the surgeon,- who had been lingei-ing under a consumption for more than twelve months, ex- pired, 2d of August. He was a sensible young man, an agreeable companion, well skilled in his own profession, and had acquired considerable knowledge in other bran- ches of science. Soon after he had breathed his last, land was seen te the westward, twelve leagues distant. It was supposed to be an island ; and, to perpetuate the memory of the deceased, for whom Cook bad a very great regard, he nuned it Anderson's Island. The point of land which Cook named Cape Prince of Wales, is the more remarkable, by being the western ex- tremity of all America, hitherto known. It is situated in the latitude of 65 deg. 46 min., and in the longitude of 191 deg. 45 min. At day-break, on the 10th, resumed their course to the west for the land seen the preceding evening. Between the south-west extreme, and a point which bore west, two leagues distant, the shore forms a large bay, in which they anchored at ten o'clock in the forenoon. At first they supposed thi^ land to be a part of the island of Alaschka. But from the figure of the coast, the situation of the opposite shore of America, and from the longitude, they soon began to think that it was, more COOK. — 1778. 415 probably, the country of the Tschutski, or the eastern extremity of Asia, explored by Beering in 1728. A breeze of wind springing up at north, they weighed, an to examine it, being at this time three leagues off. At eleven o'clock in the forenoon, they anchored in the bay called by the natives Karakakooa. The ships continued to be much crowded with natives, and were surrounded COOK. — 1779. «v 417 f>y a multitude of canoes. They had no where, in tlie course of their i^oyages, seen so numerous a body of peo- ple assembled at one place. For, besides those who h«d come off in canoes, all the shore of the bay was covered with spectators, and many hundreds were swimming round the ships like shoals of iish. They could not but be struck with the singularity of this scene ; and perhaps there were few on-board who now lamented their having failed to fipd a northern passage homeward last summer. To this disappointment they owed having it in their power o revisit the Sandwich Islands, and to enrich the voyage with a discovery which, though the last, seemed in many respects to be the most important that had hitherto been made by Europeans, throughout the extent of the Pacific Occ-an. Karakakooa Bay is situated on the west side of the is- land of Owhyhee, in a district called Akona. It is about a mile in depth, and bounded by two low points of land, at the distance of half a league. On the north point, which is flat and barren, stands the village of Kowrowa ; and in the bottom of the bav, near a grove of tall cocoa- nut trees, there is another Village of a more considerable size, called Kakooa: between them runs a high rocky cliff, inaccessible from the sea^shore. As soon as the inhabitantp perceived thei» intention of anchoring in the bay, they came off from the shore in astonishing numbers, and expressed their joy by singing and shouting, and exhibiting a variety of wild and extra- vagant gestures. The sides, the deoks, and rigging of , both ships, were soon completely covered with ,them ; .and a multitude of women and boys, who had liQt been able to get canoes, came swimming round, io shoals, ' many of whom not finding room on-board, remained the' >w bole day playing in the water. Among the ^chiefs vvho came on-board the Resolution, was a young man^ called Pa- reea, whom they soon perceived to be a person of great authority. On presenting himself to Captain Cook, he told him, that he was Jakanee to the king of the island, who was at that time engaged on a military expedition at Mowee, and was expected to return within three or four days. A few presents from Captain Cook attached him entirely to their interests, and he became exceed- ingly useful in the management of his countrymen. Ka- T 5 418 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. neena, another of their chiefs, likewise attached himsdr to Captain Cook. Both these were men of strong and well-proportioned bodies, and of countenances re- markably pleasing. Their two friends, Pareea and K» neena, brought on-board a third chief, named Koah, whr was a priest, and had been, in his youth, a distinguished warrior. He was a little old man, of an emaciated figure; his eyes exceedingly sore and red, and his body covered with a white leprous scurf, the effects of an im- moderate use of the ava. Being led into the cabin, he approached Captain Cook with great veneration, and threw over his shoulders a piece of red cloth, which he had brought along with him. During tlie rest of the time they remained in the bay, whenever Captain Cook came on-shore, he was at- tended by one of the priests, who went before him,, giving notice that the Orono had landed, and ordering the people to prostrate themselves. The same person also constantly accompanied him on the water, standing in the bow of the boat, with a wand in his hand, and giving notice of his approach, to the natives, who were in canoes, on which they immediately left off paddling and lay down on their faces till he had passed. Whenever he stopped at the observatory, Kaireekeea and his bre- thren immediately made their appearance with hogs, co- coa-nuts, bread-fruit, &c. and presented them with the usual solemnities. It was on these occasions that some ot the inferior chiefs frequently requested to be per- mitted to make an offering to the Orono. When this was granted, they presented the hog themselves, gene- rally with evident marks of fear in their countenances; whilst Kaireekeea and the priests chanted their accus- tomed hymns. The 25th the king, in a large canoe, at- tended by two others, set out from the village, and pad- dled toward the ships in great state. Their appearance was grand and magnificent. In the first canoe was Terre- ooboo and his chiefs, dressed in their rich feathered cloaks and helmets, and armed with long spears and daggers : in the second, came the venerable Kaoo, the chief of the priests, and his brethren, with their idols displayed on red cloth. These idols were busts of a gigantic size, made of wicker-work, and curiously covered with small feathers of various colours, wrought in the COOK. — 1779. 411h same manner with their cloak». Their eyes were made of large pearl oysters, with a black nut fixed in the cen- tre, their mouths were set with a double row c he fangs of dogs, and, together with the rest of their features, were strangely distorted. The third canoe was filled with hogs and various sorts of vegetables. As they went along, the priests in the centre canoe sung their hymns with great solemnity ; and, after paddling round the ships, instead of going on-board, as was expected, they made toward the shore at the beach where the English were stationed. Early on the 4th of February they unmoored, and sailed out of the bay, with the Discovery in company, and' were followed by a great number of canoes. On the 8th, at day-break, found that the foremast had again given away ; the fishes, which were put on the head, in King George's or Nootka Sound, on the coast of America, being sprung, and the parts so very defective, as to make it absolutely necessary to replace them, and, of course, to dnstep the mast. Stood off and on till day-light of the (^ 11th, and dropt anchor nearly in the same place as before. Upon coming to anchor, they were surprized to find their reception very different from what it had been on their first arrival ; no shouts, no bustle, no confusion ; but a solitary bay, with only here and there a canoe stealing close along the shore. The Discovery's cutter was stolen, during the night, from the buoy where it was moored. It had been Cook's usual practice, whenever any thing of consequence was lost, at any of the blands in this ocean, to get the king, or some of the principal Erees, on-board, and to keep them as hostages till it was restored. He im- mediately marched into the village, where he was received , with the usual marks of respect They found the old king just awoke from sleep ; and, after a short conversation,, about the loss of the cutter, from whichCaptain Cook was . convinced that he was in no wise privy to it, he invited < him to return in the boat, and spend the day on-board the Resolution. To this proposal the king readily con sentcd, and immediately got up to accompany>him. The two boys were already in the pinnace, and, the rest of t^e party near the water-side, when an elderly womani called: Kanee-kabareea, the mother of the boys, and, one of; the king's ^vourite wives, came after him, and with many. 4^ VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. \ tears and entreaties besought him not to go on-board. \i the same time, two chiefs, who came along with her, laid hold of him, and insisting that he should go no far- ther, forced him to sit down. The nati?es, who were collecting in prodigious numbers along the shore, and had probably been alarmed by the firing of the great guns, and the appearances of hostility in the bay, began to thronff round Captain Cook and their king. He, there- fore, Indine that the alarm had spread toogenerall;^, and that it was in vain to think any longer of getting mm off without bloodshed, at last gave up the point. Though the enterprize which bad carried Captain Cook on-shore was abandoned, yet his person did not appear to have been in the least danger, till an accident happened which gave a fatal turn to the affair. The boats, which had been stationed across the bay, having fired at some canoes attempting to get out, iinfortunately had killed a chief <^ the first rank. Thie news of his death arrived at the village where the captain was, just as he had left the king, and was walking slowly toward t he shore. The ferment it occasioned was very conspi- cuous, the women and children were immediately sent off, and the men put on their. war-mats, and armed them- selves with spears and strn^s. Several stones were thrown at the marines, and owe of the Erees attempted to stab Mr. Phillips. Captain Cook now fired his second barrel, loaded with ball, and killed one of the foremost of the natives. A general attack with stones immediately followed, which was answered by a discharge of muske- try from the marines, and the people in the boats. What followed was a scene of the utmost horror and confusion. -Four of the marines were cut off among the rocks in their retreat, and fell ai[acrifice to the fury of the enemy ; three more were dangerously wounded, and the lieutenant, who had received a stab between the shoulders with a pahooa, having fortunately reserved his fire, shot the man who had wounded him just as he was going to re- peat his blow. The , unfortunate commander, the last time he was seen distinctly, was standing at the water's edge, and calling out to the boats to cease firing, and to pull. in. If it be true, that the marines and boatmen had lired without his orders, and that he was desirous of pre- venting any further bloodshed, it is not improbable that L i ! } \ on-board. with her, go no far- who were e, and had 'eat guns, began to ie, there- rail^, and \g mm off I Captain »n did not I accident air. The y, having >rtunately ws of his was, just ly toward •y conspi- y sent off, led them- >nes were >mpted to is second : foremost mediately [>f muske- s. What lonfusion. rocks in e enemy ; ieutenant, Ts with a shot the ng to re- the last le water's ;, and to tmen had is of pre- able that lUi COOK,— 1779. 421 his humanity, on this occasion, proved fatal to him ; for it was remarked, that whilst he faced the natives, none •f them had offered him any violence, but that having turned about to five his -orders to the boats, he was stabbed in the back, and fell with his lace into the water. On seeine him fall, the islanders set up a great shout, and his body was immediately dranra on shore, and surrounded by the enemy, who snatching the dagger out of each others hands, 8hewed.fi savage eagerness to have a share in his destruction. Thus fell their ^reat and lexoellent commander, after a life of so much distinguished and successful enterprise; his death, as far as regards himself, cannot be reckoned pre- mature, since he lived to finish the great work for which he seems to have been designed, and was rather removed from the enjoyment, than cut off from the acquisition of glory. How sincerely his loss was felt and lamented by those who had so long found their general security in his skill iind conduct, and every consolation under their hardships, in his tenderness and humanity, it is neither necessary nor possible to describe ; much less to paint the horror with which they were struck, and the universal dejection and dismay which followed so dreadful and unexpected a calamity. The 21 .'it^ £appo and the king's son came on-board, and brought with them the remaining bones of Captain Cook ; the barrels of his gun, his shoes, and some .other trifles that belonged to him. Eappo took great pains to convince them that Terrev«oboo, Maiha-maiha, and him- self, were most heartily desirous of peace; that they had given the most convincing proof of it in their power ; and that they had been prevented from giving it sooner by the other chiefs, many of whom were still their enemies. He lamented, with the greatest sorrow, the death of six chiefs they had killed, some of whom, he said, were amongst their best friends. The cutter was taken away by Pareea's people ; and that it had been broken up the next day. The arms of the marines, he assured them, had been carried off by the common people, and were ir- recoverable, the bones 6f the chief alone having been preserved, as belonging to Terreeoboo and the Erees. Nothing now remained but to perform the last offices to their great and unfortunate commander. Eappo was 422 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD, dismissed with orders to taboo all the bay, and in the afternoon, the bones having been put into a coffin, and tile service read over them, they were committed to the deep with the usual military honours. Tliey got clear of the land about ten o'clock, and hoisting in the boats, stood to the northward. Captain Gierke determined, without farther loss of time, to proceed to Atooi. At eight in the morning weighed, and stood to the northward till day-light on the 28tb, when they bore away for that island. On the 8th of March, at nine in the morning weighed, and sailed toward Onee- heow, and at three in the afternoon anchored in twenty fathoms water, nearly on the same spot as in the year 1778. On the 15th of March, at seven in the morning, weighed anchor, and, on the 23d of April, at six in the morning, being in latitude 62 deg. 9 min. and longitude 160 deg. 7 min., on the fog clearing away, the land of America appeared in mountains covered with snow. On the 2dth had a transient view of the entrance of Awatska Bay ; but, in the present state of the weather, were afraid of venturing irnio it. Having passed its mouth, which '^s about four miles long, they opened a large circular bason of twenty-five miles in circumference ; and, at half-past four, came to an anchor in six fathoms water, being aMd of running foul on a shoal, or some sunk rocks, which axe said, by Muller, to lie in the channel of the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul. The middle of the bay was full of loose ice, drifting with the tide ; but the shores were still entirely blocked up with it. Great flocks of wild-fowl were seen of various species ; likewise ravens, eagles, and large flights of Greenland pigeons. Thev examined every corner of the bay with glasses, in search of the town of St. Peter and St. Paul; which, according to the accounts given at Oonalashka, they had conceived to be a place of some strength and consideration. At length they disco- vered, on a narrow point of land to the north-north-east, a few miserable log-houses, and some conical huts, raised on poles, amounting in all to about thirty ; which, from their situation, notwithstanding all the respect they wished to entertain for a Russian ostrog, they were under the necessity of concluding to be Petropaulowska. Ill company with Mjyor Behm, the governor, was 4*L? COOK. — 1779. 423 Captain Shnialefl', the second in command, and another officer, with the whole body of the merchants of the place. They conducted them to the commander's house, where they were received by his lady with great civility, and found tea and other refreshments prepared. After the first compliments were over, Mr. Webber was desired to acquaint the major with the object of the journey, with their want of naval stores, flour, and fresh prbvi- sions, and other necessaries for the ships' crews, and at the same time to assure him, they were sensible, from what they had already seen of the condition of the coun- try about Awatska Bay, they could not expect much assistance from him in that quarter. The houses in Bolcheretsk, the capital, are all of one fashion, being built of logs, and thatched. That of the commander is much larger than the rest, consisting of tliree rooms of a considerable size, neatly papered, and which might have been reckoned handsome, if the tale with which the windows were covered, had not given them a poor and disagreeable appearance. The town consists of several rows of low buildings, each consisting of five or six dwellings, connected together, with a long common passage runuing the length of them, on one side of which is the kitchen and store-house, and on the other tlie dwelling apartments. Besides these, there are barracks for the Russian soldiers and Cossacks, a well-looking church, and a court-room, and, at the end of the town, a great number ofbalagans, belonging to the Kamstchadales. The inhabitants, taken altogether, amount to between five and six hundred. In the evening the major gave a hand- some entertainment, to which the principal people of tlie tuun of both sexes were invited. The next morning they applied privately to the merchant Fedositsch to pur- chase some tobacco for the sailors, who had now been upward of a twelve month without this favourite com- modity. However, this, like all other transactions of the same kind, came immediately to the major's know-, ledge ; and they were soon after surprised to find in their house four bags of tobacco, weighing upwards of IDG pounds each, which he begged might be presented, in the name of himself aikd the garrison under his command, to the sailors. On the 16th June, at day- light, weighed anchor, anrf 424 VOYAGES ROUND THE A^ORLD. stood out of the bay. At ten at night, July 5tb, the wea* Iher becoming clear, they had an opportunity of seeing, at the same moment, the remarkable peaked bill, near Cape Prince of Wales, on the coast of America, and the east cape of Asia, with the two connecting islands of St. Dio- mede between them. On the 2lst, the wind freshening, and the fog clear, ing away, they saw the American coast to the south-east, at the distance of eight or ten leagues, and hauled in for it ; but were stopped again by the ice, and obliged to bear away to the westward, along the edge of it. Thus a connected solid field of ice, rendering every effort they could make to a nearer approach to the land fruit- less, they took a last farewell of a north-east passage to Old England. On the 22d of August, 1779, died Cap- tain Charles Clerke, in the thirty-eighth year of his age. He died of a consumption, which had etidently com- menced before he left England, and of which he had lin- gered during the whole voyage. ■'">•'■ At noon, on the 25th, a fresh breeze springing up from the eastward, they stood in for the entrance of Awatska Bay ; when, by the help of a fresh breeze, they anchored in the harbour of Saint Peter and St. Paul. Captain Gore made out the new commissions, in consequence of Captain Clerke's^death, appointing himself to the com- mand of the Resolution, and Lieutenant King to the com- mand of the Discovery. At six o'clock in the evening of the 9th of October, having cleared the entrance of Awatska Bay, tfaev steered to the south-east, with the wind north- wei>t and by west. At day ••break, on the 18th, they saw the second of the Kurile Islands (called by the Russians Paramousir). This land is very high, and almost entirely covered with snow. At day-break of the 26th they had the pleasure of descrying high land to the westward, which proved to be Japan. At this lime saw a number of Japanese ves- sels dose ih with the land, several seemingly engaged in fishing, and others standing along shore. They now dis- oovered to the westward a. remarkablr high mountain, with a round top, rising far inland. There is no higii ground near it, the coast being of a moderate elevation, and, as far as they could judge, from the haziness of tlie horizon, much broken by small inlets. I i V rOOK. 1780. 42' In the forenoon of the 29th they passed several Chi- nese fishing-boats, who eyed them with great inditfer once. At nine o'clock of the 31st came to anchor in six fathoms water ; the town of Mticao bearing north* west, three leagues distant. Whilst they lay in the Typa, Captain King was shewn, in a garden belonging to an English gentleman at Macao, the rock under which, as the tradition there goes, the poet Camoens used to sit and compose his Lusiad. it is a lofty arch, of one solid stone> and forms the entrance of a grotto dug out of the rising ground behind it. The rock is overshadowed by large spreading trees, and commands an extensive and magnincent view of the sea and the interspersed islands. On the 12th of January, 1780, at noon, they un- moored, and seated the guns. On the 17th had heavy gales from the east-by-north, with a rough tumbling sea, and the weather overcast and boisterous. In the morn- ing of the 20th, the wind becoming more moderate, they let out the reefs, and steered west-by-south for Puio- Condore. At six anchored, with the best bower, iu six fathoms. Pulo-Condor^ Is high and mountainous, and surrounded by several smaller islands, some of which are less than one, and others two miles distant. It takes its name from two Malay words, Pulo signifying an island, and Condore a calabash, of which it produces great quantities. It is of the form of a crescent, extending near eight miles from the southernmost point, in a north- east direction; but its breadth no where «xcceds two miles. ) On the 28th of Januarv unmoored ; and, as soon as they were clear of the harbour, steered south-south-west for Pulo Timoan. At dav-light, on the 3d, they came in sight of the Three Islands ; and, soon after, of Mouopiti HiU» on the island of Banca. From the time of entering the Strait of Banca, they began to experience the powerful effects of this pestilen- tial climate. Two of their people fell dangerously ill of malignant putrid fevers; which, however, were prevented from spreading, by putting the patients apart from the rest, in the most airy births. Many were attacked with teasing coughs ; others complained of violent pains in the head ; and even the healthiest among them felt a sensa- 42G VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. tion of iiuifocatiiig heat, attended by au insufferable Ian- gour, and a total loss of appetite. In the evening of the 10th of April, the Gunner's Quoio^ bore north- bjy-east, and False Cape east-north-east; but the wind being at south-west, and variable, prevented their getting into False Bay till the evening of the 12th, when they dropt anchor abreast of Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope. On the 12th of June, passed the equator for the fourth time during this voyage, in longitude 26 deg. 16 min. west. On the 12th of August made the western coast of Ireland, after a fruitless attempt to get into Port Gal- way. On the 22d of August, at eleven in the morning, both ships came to an anchor at Stromness ; and, on the 4th day of October they arrived safe at the Nore, after an absence of four years, two months^ and twenty-two days. CAPTAINS PORTLOCK AND DIXON.— 1785.8&. T. HIS voyage was undertaken (or the purposes of com- merce ; principally, indeed, for the fur-trade, on the north-west coast of America, which had been strongly recommended by Captains Cook and King in their last voyage. Two vessels were fitted out for this purpose, the King George and. Queen Charlotte, by a society of merchants and others, the former commanded by Natha- niel Portlock, the latter by George Dixon, both of whom had been with Captain Cook ; the King George having sixty men, the Queen Charlotte thirty. September 20th they quitted St. Helens, and, proceed- ing to Guernsey, left it on the 25th. October 16th saw the Canary Islands, and 24th the Cape de Verde group, anchoring for a short time in Port Pray a Bay, in St. Jago. Proceeding south, they anchored in Port Egmont, Falk- land's Islands, January 5th, 1786, where, taking in wa- ter, they made sail for States Bay, in Tierra del Fuego, and remained some time, no refreshments being procur- able for the crews at either place, except water. Hav- ing made a good offing from Cape Horn, they had tolerable weather; and continuing their route without PORTLOCK AND OIXON.— 1786. 427 touching at any place, or meeting with any thing worthy of notice, dropped anchor 26th May in Karakakooa Bay, in Owhyhee, Sandwich Islands. The natives crowded them very much, bartering a variety of articles; but were nevertheless extremely troublesome ; and, from fires being observed at night in all parts of the island, it was judged they were hostilely inclined, this being preparatory to prayers to their deities for success in war. It was also the general opi- nion, that it would be impossible to water the vessels without a strong guard, which they could not well spare, and whicli it was clear would bring on endless quarrels ; while the people were probably jealous that these vessels were come to revenge the death of Captain Cook. An inferior chief, who came off among the crowds of natives^ said, that old Terreooboo, the king, was dead, and that Maiha-Maiha was his successor. Next day they stood out of the bay, lying-to three leagues off, to carrv on trkd.e for hogs, plantains, taro, &c. &c., which proved so serviceable that the siak, of whom there were several, began rapidly to recover. Several of the na- tives being questioned, said, that their principal chiefs were absent, making war with a neighbouring island, which was one reason of their being unwilling to admit strangers on-shore at their island. June 1st anchored in a bay in Woahoo, another of the islands, and were received very civilly by the inhabitants; buit refreshments were scarce, and watering so difficult, that thejyr were obliged to employ the natives, giving nails and other triflme articles in payment, according to the quantity supplied by each canoe. They now stood for another of tne islands, named Oneehow; and, on the 8th, anchored in Yam Bay, where supplies of fruit, vej^etables, and pies, were willingly afforded by the principal chief Abbenooe, who seemed strongly their friend, from recollecting Captain Portlock along with Cuok. He also sent to Attoui for farther supplies, when several large double canoes were sent by the king or chief as presents, which were duly acknowledged by re- turning otbers to him as well as to their friend Abbenooe, who exerted himself for their interest, from whom they took leave, with regret, en the 13th, standing for the coast of America 428 VOYAGES ROUND THR WORLD* July 19th made the entrance of Cook's River; and, while looking for good anchorage, were astonished by the report of a great gain; when, soon afterwards, a party of Russians came oA>board, attended by some In- dians ; but none understanding the language of either, no satisfactory information could be gained from them. The country here is exceedingly mountainous, and the more distant hills covered with snow; those sloping down nearest the shore are covered with pines, birch, and other trees and shrubs; it was, however, cold, damp, and disagreeable, the ground barren, and the aspect of the whole extremely dreary. Most of the na- tives had fled from their huts, alarmed perhaps by the Russians j several bears nvere seen, but none near enoui^h to iiVe at. Two veins of kennel-coal were found, which burned very well, and the place was, therefore, called Coal Harbour. Weighing anchor from this place, they proceeded mily a little way and brought up again, when first a single canoe, and afterwards several bthers, with many natives, came oiF to dispose of a few sea otter- skins and other furs, with dried salmon and roots, being most of the refreshments their country affords. They Iiehaved in a fViendly manner, except in a few thefts of iron articles, which, being of no material value, were not taken much notice of. An elderly chief paying Captain Dixon a visit, informed him that they had a battle with the Russians, in which the latter were worsted, and added, that, from the difference of dress, he knew they W^re of a different nation. Another attempted to persuade them to make war against them ; but this was evaded on the part of the English by the best excuses they could. Quitting this place, they tried for some time to »et into Prince William's Sound ; but, by a series of unfa- vourable winds, failed in this pursuit. September 2dd, having laboured in vain to find a harbour for their pur- poses, and not being able to get into King George's Sound, or any other they knew by bad weather and a variety of dangers from shoals and small islands, they at length stood away for the Sandwich Islands to pass the winter, and return in the spring. November 14th saw the summit of the high mountain in Owhyhee covered with snow, and employed two or three following days in coasting it, the natives bringing off a variety of articles jr; and, shed by b'ards, a (ome In- f either, m them, and tiie sloping k, birch. If, eold, and the the na- s by the ' enough I, Avhieb J, called ce, they when with n rs, ?a otter- ts, he\u» . They thefts oif c, were paying had a er were >f dress, Another them ; by the to »et Df unfa- )er 23d, eir pur- Iteorge's r and a they at )ass the 4th saw covered days iti articles Shooting Sea Horses near Icy Cape. Fiew in Coal Harbour, PORTLOCK AND DIXON. — 1783. 429 to barter for iron and trinkets. The first mate of the King George reporting, that a bay they intended to an- chor in did notadmit of good anchorage, this design was dropped. Dui^ng the time they hiy to, hogs, fowls, wild- geese, bread-fruit,! plantains, and' several other things were procuf'ed in considerable quantities ; the natives dealing pretty fairly, but committing a variety of thefts, even before their ^ces, with a; dexterity almost inimitable. For several days they ^nitinued lying to off the islands of Mowce and Morotoi, procuring refreshments and re- ceiving visits till the 30th, when both ships bore away for King George's Bay, in Whoa boo, where they anchored in safety, after experiencing a variety of winds from all points of the compass* Herb chey found every thing tabooed, or forbidden, »% that it became! necessary to court the king's favour; for which purpose m ipresedt was sent to him, and ano- ther to a priest^ their ac^uantance' on the foraier occa- sion, who paid them b visit, handing up a pig and plan- tain, which in these islands are signs of friendship. This was soon followed by a visit from Taheeterte, the king, followed by all the chiefs, who took off the taboo. The priest was remarkable for drinking large quantities of the ava, or yava-juice, for which he had two men in constant attendance chewing the root, which, with their spittle, forms this singular and (to us) nauseous Leve- rage. The yava is a root resembling liquorice in shape and colour. None but the chiefs and priests have per- mission to use it, and these are never at the trouble of chewing it themselves ; btt^ as above observed, employ servants ; these b^iii irith chewing a sufficient quantity, and when well masticated, it is put into a wooden bowl kept for the purpose^ to; which a small quantity of water is added ; the wbole is tben strained through a cloth, and, like wine in Europe, it thus forms not merely the drink, but the delight of all parties, feasts, rejoicings, and, in short, every public assemblage of the leading people* Its effects, however, are very pernicious ; it is partly intoxicating, or rather stupifying; and, by its constant use, .the old priest was exceedingly debilitated, and his body covered by a white scurf, resembling the leprosy, which is a common symptom throughout tiie South Sea islands of its frequent use. w 430 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. The taboo was again put on without any explanation being given, though several canoes nevertheless came off, but without any women, as had been formerly the case. Afterwards it was understood that one of them had been detected in the King George eating pork, which being a heinous offence, she was taken as soon as she came on- shore, and offered a sacrifice to the gods : human sacri- fices, it appears, are here, as in most parts of the South Sea islands, frequently presented, and it is unquestion- ably the most inhuman and barbarous custom among them. December 10th weighed, and two days afterwards an- chored between Attoui and Wymea, where, after pay- ing and receiving some visits, their former friend Abbenooe came on-board with two canoes loaded with provisions, and remained for two or three days, seemingly very well ' pleased with his new abode. The kins also made his ap- pearance ; he was stout and well-made, about forty-five years of age, and possessed of more understanding and good-nature than any of his subjects. His behaviour to the English displayed much friendship and disinterested- ness. Next day be came again attended by his uncle, a chief of great consequence, named Neeheow-hooa, the greatest warrior of the islands and crippled with wounds, having lost an eye and likely to lose the other. The surgeon dressed his wounds, and gave him instructions bow to proceed in future. , Janu.ary 5th caught a shark in the King George, thir- teen and a half feet long, eight and a half broad, and six feet in the liver ; fort^-eight young ones were in her, about eight inches each in length ; two whole turtles of sixty pounds each ; several small pigs, and a quantity of bones ; so that the numbers and the voracity of this fish may be conceived. Next day the king paid another visit, bringing his eldest son, a nne boy, about twelve years old, named Taaevee. This was meant as a farewell visit, his timjesty bein/v about to quit the island for a short time, leavinjv orders, however, with Abbenooe to let bis friends, the English, be well supplied with all the island afforded during his absence. His uncle, the warrior, also accompanied him, who, in gratitude for the assit- aiice rendered by the surgeon, presented him a double caijoo tilled \vitli hogs, for which the veteran persisted PORTLOCK AND DIXON. — 1787. 43; hi refusing any recompense. From this time to the KMh they were employed in purchasing wood, water, provi< sions, curiosities, and every thing else they wanted ; and now, quitting the anchorage, proceeded to Yam Bay, in Oneehow, where, after making a few excursions, they deprated once more for Wymoa Bay, Attoui. Here two chiefs displayed their dexterity, at Captain Port- lock's request, in the use of their spears, all who were spectators feeling asfonishment and pain at the dangers they incurred in this amusement. The island is tolerably level, the soil mostly a light red earth, which, if cultivated properly, might be very pro ductive. Atappa is a tolerably large village, situated behind a long row of cocoa-nut trees, which affords the inhabitants ample shelter from the heat of the sun ; in the swampey ground, of which there is a good deal, the sugar-cane and taso is cultivated. Their burying-place is a high wooden pile, of a quadrangular form, situated on the side of a bill. The river is not quite a hundred y^rds over in the widest part, gliding along in a clear, sn^ooth stream, except in rainy weather, when the body of water is more tumultuous and muddy. On the 3d March weighed, and made sail for the coast of America, and on the 24th April saw M outage r Island, coming to anchor in the harbour, where there is sufficient shelter from the prevailing winds. In the evening several canoes came off with one or two men in each, who were highly delighted with the bnrking of some dogs on-board, beginning to whistle, and calling out Towzer! Towzer! here! here! which occasioned considerable surprize to thdir visitors, who could not ac- count for these few words of English and this manner of addressing these animals. Boats were employed in wood- ing and watering, others in picking up sbell-iish or shooting wild-ducks and geese, of which there «'/ere a few. The country was covered with snow ; the Russians, from several traces in the woods, had evidently been here. The weather continued very variable, several un- uccessful attempts being made to get into Prince Willi- am's Sound, and only a single straggling inhabitant being seen now and then, so that there was no opportunity to trade. Captain Dixon now made an excurs' n n Ms Itoats 432 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. up the Sound, and receiving some hints from the natives 01 a vessel being there, continued his search for several days, and at lenth got on- board a vessel called the Nootka, from Bengal, commanded by Mr. Meares, which had wintered in Snug-corner Cove. The scurvy had made dreadful havock among them, nearly all the officers and many of the crew having died of this frightful disorder, so that at length the Captain was the only person on- board able to walk the deck. Along with his first-mate he soon afterwards visited the ships, met with a hearty reception, and received such assistance as he wanted and as the others could afford. From him they learnt that few or no furs could be procured here ; that several vessels from India had been already on this coast for the pur* poses of trade ; and that two or three were expected next month «in the same pursuit, which immediately deter- mined our voyagers to separate and push for different parts of the coast, in order to be before their expected rivals ; the Queen Charlotte to proceed to King George's Sound, and Messrs. Hayward and Hill to Cook's River, in the King George's long-boat, the latter lo remain where she was for the present. On the 13th May several canoes visited them, in one of which was a chief of great consequence, named Sliee- naawa, whose party, like most others, were determined thieves, exerting their ingenuity and tricks for this pur- pose in an extraordinary degree. They danced, sun;;, laughed, and diverted the attention of the seamen in every possible way, while slyly their hands were seizing every thing on the decks, so that literally they were smiling in their faces and robbing them at the same time. In the mean time the Queen Charlotte and the long-boat sailed, while the King George shifted to Hinchiubroke Cove. The appearance of the land here was very un- promising, being covered, though at this season, with deep snow ; a few natives made their appearance with skius, who told them that, as the summer advanced, some salmon would be found in the fresh-water rivulets, ot which there are several in the vicinity. Some of the boats were sent out to trade, which were tolerably suc- cessful ; but they also suffered from continual thefts, which were sometimes accompanied by menaces, if they attempted lo resist the plunderers. , ,.,. .^. PORTLOCK AND DIXON.— 1787. 433 June 0th the Nootka left her fonner anchorage, where she hsd beeii frosen in, and caiiie close to the King Gebrge, when the creiv of the latter were partly em- ployed in rendering her assistance. IVo days after- wards the lottg^bovt returned from Cook's River with a very goonA cargo, and was again sent off with orders to return by the aoth of July. On the 19th the Nootka sailed. Next day the surgieon took the invalids' on-shore for an excursion, who, by the use of spruce-beer, which they now brewed in abundance, were rapidly recovering. In the evening observed two Indian boats and several cttfioes, in which werci about twenty-five natives, who came alongside afexf itibrniirg. Their chief, naiued Taa- tuefctellingnifke, Wafs paralytic on one sidfe, h^d a long beard, and seeni^ vvished. The lOng-boat returned on" the 21srj tho'iigh without so much success as foi'mle^ly. Oil the 2Gt\i sailed' from this pfai^e. Itie nUtiVes in genetM are shdirt' in stature, with Aat faces and ridies; ilMfonii^d^kgs^ but eOod teeth and eyes ; they wfear their halt", ^hic&'is blads ahd'straieht, very loh^i but cUt if slibYt otf 'the death of a irelaaoii', tbiS' seeming their only methbd of niournihg.' The men and wonien differ' Htlle in ai)|]feiiifan^eV bot^ are ex- tremely fond of ornaments, yet ai^viErj^ filthy in'person, and it is said Willj when pressed for food, devour the vermm out of tlkit hekds. Hiey are aftentive to ' their women, butJeiilidUs of theM. Tbeir thieving habits seem fixed, the* most dexterous being niost in esteem^ and re- ceiving the greiitest applause for the exertion of his talents; he is also distinguished by a fantastical dress, which, while it excites th^ notice of the spectators, givos V 434 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. the owner additional opportunities of exerting bit fingerg at their expence. They live upon whatever animals chance throws in the way, in addition to fish ; the latter are dried in tlie sun, and when eaten fresh is roasted before a fire. Their winter habitations seem but ill-con- trived, being from four to six feet high, ten feet long, eight broad, and built with thick piank ; in thcfse con- fined huts great numbers sometimes live together ; in summer they wander to and fro as inclination or neces- sity dictates, taking shelter under temporary structures of branches, assisted by their canoes. By the 3d August had made little progress, from the shifting of the wind. On the 6th were followed by a large Indian boat with twelve persons on-board, whose language and manners were very different from those of the people of Prince William's Sound ; a few skins were procured of them, but not dressed or stretched like those of the Sound. At the approach of evening they wished to take one of the seamen with them on-shore for the night, who accordingly went, two hostages being left behind for his safety ; next day they returned with him. Their residence, it seems, was near the foot of a hill, beside a rivulet of fresh water ; tlieir house was only a temporarj habitation, and they possessed scarcely any thing to trade with. In the meantime the long-boat was dispatched to seek for furs near Cape Edgecombe. Jo- seph Woodcock, one of the seamen, again slept on-shore with the natives, in a bay near the ship. On the 8th two large boats visited them, with twenty-five men, women, and children on-board, who, very different from their other visitors, seemed very honest, and who were invited to dinner in the cabin, when they relished the English cookery so well, that the dishes were quickly obliged to be replenished. These departed in the evening well pleased with their entertainment, promising to return with the means of trading with their new friends. On the 11th a new tribe visited them from the -east- ward, with about the same number of persons as the last; four days after the long-boat returned, having had pretty good success, notwithstanding some acts of hostility . which they had been compelled to retaliate upon the In- dians. Another party, from the north-west, were ex- tremely addicted to thieving; nothing could escape PORTLOCK AND DIXON.— 1787* 435 tbetn; and, when detected, were very impudent, and often threatened those they robbed. The men were of the size of Europeans, of a fierce and savage aspect, using daggers and long spears, easily provoked and ready to indulge their anger. The women at this an- chorage, which was named Portlock's Harbour, disfigure themselves by making an incisicn in the under-lip, in which they wear a piece of wood of an oval form, larger according to their age, so that some were of the size of a tea-saucer; the weight of this incumbrance drags the lip down, exposing the whole of the lower teeth, which makes a most unsightly appearance, and must also be a real inconvenience. August 22d weighed and made sail from this coast, having done as much as it seemed likely they could do in the way of trade. September 28th madeOwhyhce, the principal of the Sandwich group, when several canoes came off, with whom a brisk trade for hogs and other refreshments was carried on. At Attoui they found the Nootka and Queen Charlotte had been there and left letteri for the King George. After procuring what ne- cessaries they wanted, Captain Portlock directed his course for China with his cargo of furs ; on the 4th No- vember saw Saypan and Tinian, two of the Ladrone Islands ; and on the 2Lst anchored in Macao Roads, where Captain Dixon was found, whose transactions shall now be noticed. After separating, the Queen Charlotte coasted it for some time, till, seeing an appearance of an inlet, a boat was dispatched which found an excellent harbour, where she soon after anchored. Several canoes came off, from whom some skins were procured, but by no means so many as they had at first reason to expect. The number of inhabitants was about seventy; the harbour, which is good, was named Port Mulgrave, and is situated in 59 deg. 32 min. north latitude ; 140 deg. west longitude. The language of these people is quite different from that of Prince William's Sound, or Cook's River, being ex- tremely uncouth and difficult to pronounce. The mode in which they dispose of their dead is remarkable ; the head is separated from the body, and both are wrapped in furs, the former being put into a box, the latter into '•q tend to a considerable distance, with a number of coves here and there, very well calculated for anchorage ; it was named Norfolk Sound. The people were at first civil and well-behaved; but soon became troublesome and thievish, like almost all their brethren on this coast, Their numbers exceeded 450, including women and chil- dren ; in appearance they resembled the people of Port Mulgrave, their faces being similarly painted, and the lips of the women distorted in the same manner. One of the chiefs was in possession of a white shirt, on which he set a great value ; upon examination it proved to be of Spanish make, two ships of that nation having been on tlii« coast in l??^. Trade here was not very brisk. A creek of considerable extent received the name of Port Banks, in honour of Sir Joseph ; they continued standing to and fro with various success in trade. July 1st saw an island, and were soon surrounded bv Indians, who, after gratifying their curiosity in examin- ing the vessel, began to trade and soon parted with all their skin». Several fresh tribes visited them alnw)st daily, who^, delighted with European articles of barter, were content to leave their furs behind in exchange. The residence of one was strongly fortified, resembling a nippah^ or fortified place, in New Zealand ; and, from some circumstances which transpired, Dixon was tempted also to believe they were also lilce the New Zealanders, cannibals. Our traders now found it better to keep shifting to and fro than to remain in one place. Proceed- ing to the eastward, eleven canoes came alongside on the 24th with 180 persons ; but curiosity was the pre- vailing motive, as they had nothing to sell'; and, five days after, no less than 200 men, women, and children, in eighteen canoes, came off to indulge their curir it) ; a number that, on this coast, is rarely found in one community. Their chief had the most savage aspect of any yet seen, his whole appearance sufficiently marking him as the leader of a tribe of cannibals. His statue was above the common size, his body spare and thin, and. fi J ^ PORTLOCK AND DIXON. — 1787. 437 though seemingly lank and emaciated, his step was bold and nrm, his limbs strong and muscular ; his eyes, which were large and goggling, seemed ready to start from their sockets ; his forehead deeply wrinkled, as well by age as an habitual frown, which. Joined to a long visage, hol- low cheeks, high cheek-bones, and natural ferocity of temper, rendered him a most formidable figure. He, however, behaved very well to the English, and, by means of a present or two, became tlieir ^st Iriend. August 1st, thought now of joining the King Oeorge in the Sound of that name, and, making sail for th»t purpose, fell in, on the Bth, with the Prince of Wales and Princess- Royal, two vessels fitted out by ahe owners o{ the King Oeorge and Queen Oburlotte, and hearing from them that the former vessel was not in tbe Sound, Captain Dixon made sail for the ^andw4c4i isliuids. This exitensive portion of A>fflerica ek^bils on tiie v.'hole the appearance «tf a lavge contiiwed forest, vered V nh pines of different ^ecte«, inte^vnixed wilh alder, ^ rdi, hazel, and ki the vailies with wild gooseberry, cur- ra>n*t, and raspberry trees; besides a vast quantity of low brush-wood. The soil xm the hiNs is a oMuponnd of rotten moss and decayed trees, wliieh, being carried dn^^m with it})« sncvw^ into tihe vaUies, and miKing there with a light sand, forms a soil inwhfcb tMnt EngHsh ve- getables might grow, if assiisted a little by art or atten- tion. T4ie number of inhabitants, from Cocyk's River to King George's Sound, may be about 10,000 ; but the country must be verv tfairrly peopled, to whicb their con- tinual wars necessarily tend. Sept^nber tid made Owhyhee, and, after |ffoeuring refreshments, stood on for Whahoo^ being visited the next day by Abbenooe Mid tAie king, by whose commands fjiey received abundant supplies of wood, water, and pro- visions, of which they were in extreme want, several of the crew being nearly dead with the scurvy. Attoui was their next destination, where the chiefs inquired particu- larly after their friend Po-pote (Captain Portlock,) and were desirous of contributing all in their power to the assist ance of the ship, every one supplying the cap- tain with a liberality as unbounded as it was unexpected, but which did not go unrewarded; saws, hatchets, nails, and other iron instruments being given to the men, 438 VOYAGES BOUND THE WORLD. and buttons, beads^ and a variety of ornaments to the women. September 18^ made sail for China, and anchored in Macao Roads the 9th November, where being joined, as already noticed, by the King George, their meeting was extremely i^reeable. Captain Portlock was very much surprised in Canton with his old friend Tiaana, from the Sandwich Islands, who was no less pleased at seeing him, embracing the -captain in the most cordial and affectionate manner. As soon as his transports sub- sided, he asked several questions concerning the people of the islands, and said that he had accompanied Cap- tain Meares hither, who placed him under the immedi- ate care of Mr. Rosi, his first mate, to whom he was much attached. During his stay, Tiaana was introduced to every place worthy of notice ; he was usually dressed in a cloak and fine feather cap, and, to shew that he was a person of consequence, carried a spear in his hand. Afterwards, at the persuasion of Mr. Ross, he wore a light satin waistcoat and a pair of trowsers. He frequently attended places of public worship, behaving with the greatest de- corum, and joining the congregation in the ceremonies of kneeling or standing, as if he had been all his life regu- larly accustomed to them. Some of the customs of the Chinese displeased him exceedingly, and, during the voyage, was nearly throwing the pilot overboard for some real oi imaginary offence ; he was, however, of a kind disposition, displaying frequent instances of huma- nity as well as gendrosity. Being once at an entertain- ment, given by one of the captains at Macao, his com- passion was strongly excited after dinner by seeing a number of poor people, in Sampans, crowding roi.nd the vessel and asking alms ; he solicited his host's permission to give them some food, remarking it was a great shame to let poor people want victuals, and that in his country there were no beggars. In compliance with his impor- tunities, the broken meat was coIle>:ted under his care, and he distributed it in the most equal and impartial manner. Tiaana was six feet two inches high, exceedingly well-made, but inclined to corpulency ; he had a pleas- ing animated countenance, fine eyes, and otherwise ex- pressive as well as agreeable features. He was univer- PORTLOCK AND DIXON.— 1787. 4:j9 My liked, and, previous to his departure for Attoui, thegentiemeti at Canton furnished hiin with bulls, cows, sheep, goats, rabbits, turkies, &c. &c. besides all kind^i of seeds which could be useful in his island, with direc« tions how to rear and propagate them. The best skins of their cargoes were disposed of to the East India Com- pany for 50,000 dollars, while the inferior ones were sold to the Chinese, both vessels receiving in return car- goes of tea. February 6th, 1788, weighed and made sail down the river, quitting Macao finally a day or two afterwards. On the 20th saw the island of Pulo Sapata, four leagues distant ; and, 25th, the islands of Aramba ; three days afterwards Mr. Lauder, surgeon of the Queen Charlotte, died, having been ill for some time, and at- tended by his brother surgeon, Mr. Hoggan, of the King George. On the 30th of Marcb the ships agreed to separate, and make the best of their way to St. Helena, where the King George arrived the 13th June, and the Queen Charlotte on the IStb. The former at length reached England, without any occurrence worthy of re- mark, on the 22d August ; and the latter the 17th Sep- tember. Nor was the voyage unfortunate ; for though no great gain was made, yet nothing was lost, which, in a new commercial speculation, is nut an uncommon occurrence. Fi MONSIEUR DE LA PEROUSE.— 1785-88. RANCE becoming jealous of the renown acquired by the English circumnavigators, determined to send out an expedition, which, in its scientific equipments, should vie with them iu every respect. Two ships were ap- pointed to this service, the Boussole and Astrolabe, the former commanded by La Perouse, the latter by M. de Langle, bcth captains in the navy, and men of considera- ble attainments, besides being assisted by men of science and artists. The voyage is interesting as far as it goes; but, unfortunately, the ships, after quitting Botany Bay, in 1788, have never since been heard of, to the regret of all lovers of science and humanity, on account not only of the acquirements but the amiable character of the commander. On the Ist of August, 1786, they quitted Brest, and, 440 VOYAGES HOUND THE WORLD. on the 13tli, reached Madeira; stopping here three days they saw Tcneriffe on the 19th, and on the 16th of Oc- tober the island of Trinidada, barren, rocky, and with a vioK;nt surf breaking on the shores, where refreshments not l.*eing obtainable, the commander steered for St. Ca- therine's on the Brazil coast. Thia island is extremely fertile, producing all sorts of fruit, vegetables, and corn, almost spontaneously. It is covered with trees of everlasting green, but they are so curiously interwoven with plants and briajrs, that it is impossible to pass through the forests without opening a path with a hatchet ; to add tp the difficulty, danger is also to be apprehended from jsnakes whose bite is mortal. The habitations are bordering on the sea. The woods are delightfully fragrant, occasioned by the orange-trees, and other odoriferous plants and shrubs, which form a part of them. But amidst all these advantages, the country is extremely poor, and totally destitute of manufactured com- modities; the peasants are ragged, and almost naked. The soil, which is well calculated for the cultivation of sugar, remains untilled, as they are too poor to purchase slaves for that necessary purpose. The whale-nshery is indeed successful, but it belongs to the crown, and is farmed by a company at Lisbon, which has three large establish* ments on the coast. Thev kill about 400 whales an* nually, the produce of which is sent to Lisbon by the way of Rio Janeiro. On the 14th of January the navigators struck ground on the coast of Patagonia. On the -25th, La Perouse took bearings a league to the southward of Cape San Diego, forming the west point of the Straits of Lemaire. At three he entered the straits, and saw some breakers, which extended about a mile ; he also perceived others much further in the offing, which induced him to steer to the south-east to avoid them. On the 9th of February, he was abreast of the Straits of Magellan. Examining tlie quantity of provisions he had on-hoard. La Perouse (iiscovercd he had very little flour and bread left in store ; having been obliged to leave a hundred barrels at Brest. The worms ha* :ilso taken possession of the biscuits, and consumed or idered useless a fifth part of them. Un- der these f .rcuijstances. La Perouse preferred Concep* tion to t! e island of Juan Fernandez. LA PEROUSE. — 1786. in The Bay of Conception in Chili is a most exceilewt narbour; the water is smooth, and almost without any current, though the tide rises six feet three inches. The new city of Conception, after the destruction of the old one by an earthquake, in 1751, was not resolved on tiit 1763. The new town, which contains about 10,000 in- habitants, is the rcKideuce of the bishop, and of the mn- jor- general, who governs in the military department. This colony makes but little progress in prosperity or population; the '* * lenceof the government counteracts that of the . iiai* The product! ^♦^" of this kingdom, under proper management, would . ^nice for the food and manufactures of half Europe, and yet the country is destitute of commerce. A few small vessels indeed ar- rive here yearly from Lima, with tobacco, sugar, and some articles of European manufacture, which the na- tives can only purchase at second or third hand ; heavy duties having been imposed upon them first at Cadiz, theu at Lima, and afterwards on their entering Chili. They can only give in exchange Wheat, which is of little value, hides, tallow, and a few planks* so that the balance of trade is always against Chili, llic women wear a kind of plaited petticoat, formed of antique gold and silver stuffs. These petticoats, however, are never summoned upon duty but on gala-days, and may je entailed in a family, descending, in regular gradation, from the grand- mother to the grand-daughfer. A small nmnber of fe- males, however, are thus gorgeously habited; the major- ity have barely sufficient to conceal theiv nakedness. At day-break, on the Idth of March, La Perouse made the signal to prepare to sail. On the 17th, abont noon, a light breeze sprcifig up, with whicii he got tinder way. On the Bth of April, alxmt noon they saw Easter Island. The Indians were nnarmedi, except a few who had a kind of slight wooden dub. Some of them assumed an ap- parent superiority over the others, which hiduced La Perouse to consider the former as chiefs, but he soon discovered that these selected persons were the most no- torious offenders. Having Mit a few hours to remain upon the island, and wishing to employ his time to the best advantage^ La Peroiwe left the care of th« tent, '.uid other particulars, to his first lieutenant M. D'Escnres. A division was then made of ihe persons enga^'cd in tiie U 5. ' .. 442 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. adventure ; one part, under the command of M. De Lan- sle, was to penetrate into theinteriorof the island to en- courage and promc e ▼egctation, by disseminating seeds, &c. in a proper soil ; and the other division undertook to visit the monuments, plantations, and habitations, within i he compass of a league of the establishment. The largest of the rude busts upon one of ihe terraces is fourteen feet six inches in hc^iit, and the breadth and other par- ticulars appeared to be proportionate. A small part of this island is under cultivation. It is, however, generally agreed that' three days' labour of an Indian will procure him subsistence for a year. From the ease with which the necessaries of life are procured, La Perouse supposed the productions of the earth were in common. He was convmced, indeed, that the bouses were common, at least to a whole village or district. One of these habitations near bis tenti was 310 feet in length, ten feet in breadth, and ten feet in height towards the middle. The whole erection is capable of containing 200 people. It forms a kind of hamlet of it- self, but is totally unfurnished. Two or three small bouses appear at a V le distance from it. La Perouse does not pretend to ds. ide whethier the women are com- mon to a whole district, and the children to the republic : but he asserts that no Indian seemed to exercise the au- thority of a husband over any one of the females. If tliey are private property, it is a kind of which the pos- sessors are very liberal. Returning about noon to the tent, LaPerouse found almost every mani without either bat or handkerchief; so much had forbearance encouraged the audacity of the thieves, that be also experienced a similar depredation. An Indian, who had assisted him in descending from a terrace, rewarded himself for his trouble by taking away his hat. Some of them had dived under water, cut the small cable of the Astrolabe's boat, and taken away her grapnel. A sort of chief, to whom M* De Langle made a present of a male and female gpat, received the am- mals with one hand, and robbed him of his handkerchief with the other. On the 28th of May, they saw the mountains of Owhy- «ee, covered with snow, and afterwards those of Mowee, •vhich are less elevated. About 150 canoes were seen . De Lan- nd to en- iug seeds, ertook to IS, within 'belaigest fourteen »ther par- >n. It is, our of an r. From >rocared, trth were e houses district. 310 feet in height apable of alet of it- 'ee small 1 Perouse are corn- republic : e the au- lales. If I the po8- ise found chief; so ky of the iredation. ig from a ing away vent the iway her B[]e made the am- [kerchief fOwhy- Mowee, sre seen f^iew in Portlock'* Harbour. Idoh in Easter Island, ■ -.t.' LA PER0V8E. — 1786. 443 putting off from the shore, laden with fruit and hu<;i), which the Indians proposed to exchange for pieces of iron of the French navigators. Most of them came on-boarti of one or the other of the vessels, but they proceeded so fast th/ough the water that they tilled alongside. The Indians were obliged to quit the ropes thrown them, and leaping into the sea swam after their hogs, when taking them in their arms, they emptied their canoes of the water, and resumed their seat. After having visited a village, M. de Lanele gave orders that six soldiers, with a serjeant, should accom- pany him : the others were left upon the beach, under the command of M. de Pierrevert, the lieutenant; to them was committed the protection of the ship's boats, from which not a single sailor had landed. The party re-em- barked at eleven o'clock in very good order, and arrived on-board about noon, where M. de Clonard had received a visit from a chief, of whom he had purchased a cloak, and a helmet adorned with red feathers ; he had also purchased a hundred hogs, a quantity of potatoes and bananas, plenty of stuffs, mats, and various other articles. On their arrival on-board, the two frigates dragged their anchors; it blew fresh from the south-east, and they were driving down upon the island of Morokinne, which was however at a sufficient distance to give them time to hoist in their boats. La Perouse made the signal for weighing, but before they could purchase the anchor, he was obliged to make sail, and drag it till he had passed Morokinne, to hinder him from driving past the channel. A fair wind accompanied the navigators on their departure from the Sandwich Islands. Whales and wild- geese convinced them that they were approaching land. Early in the mornine of the 23d they descried it ; a sudden dispersion, of the fog opened to them the view of a long chain of mountains covered with snow> They distinguished Behring's Mount St. Elias, on the north*, west coast of America. While the navigators were at the entraneeof a bay, they were continually surrounded by the canoes of the Indians. In exchange for iron they were offered' fish, and variety of skins; as well as sundry articles of dress, and the na^ tives displayed much ability in their commercial dealings; but ntm was more eagerly coveted tiian any other me<^ 444 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. (iiiini of barter. They indeed consented to take some p«\vter-|)Gts mul plates, but they received them with in- diffeience. Iron was their favourite metal; a dagger of it hung from the necks of many of them. The report of their arrival having spread itself to the adjacent parts, several canoes arrived filled with otters' skin^, which the natives bartered for knives, hatchets, and bar-iron. The sea-otter is supposed to be more common here than in any part of America. The Astrolabe caught one, which probably had escaped from the Indians, as it was severely wounded. It weighed seventy pounds, and perhaps had attained its full growth. The sea-otter is an amphibious animal, remarkable for the beauty of its skin. The In- dians of Port Franfais call it tkecter. Some naturalists have noticed it under the denomination of «0rtcaviefln«, but the description of that animal in Buffon has no affinity with this, \vhich has no resemblance to the otter of Gana- (JM, nor to that of Europe. Having ta^en in as much wood and water as was re- quired, the navigators esteemed themselves the mostfor- ttiuate of UHTi, in having arrived at such a distance from Kuiope without having a sick person among them, or any one atSHicted with the scurvy; but a lamentable mis- tortune now awaited them* At the entrance of this har- bour perished twenty brave seamen, in two boats, by the surf. On the 3Q|(h of July, at four in the afternoon. La Pe- rouse ^o% under way. This bay or harbour, to which he gave the name of Port d^s Frau9ais, is situated in 58 deg. a^ ^lin. north-latitude, and IfliA deg. 50 min. west longi- tu^^. ^n. difiEerent excursions, be says, he found the hig^-watei; warl^ to be fifteen feet abi(>ve the surface of the s^a. The climate of this cosi^t is infinitely milder t\\ai^ Uiat of I|udson,'s Bay, in the same degree of latitude. Pio,es were 9ee« of sU feet diameter, iind 140 feet in lieigbt. Vegetation is vigorous during three or four months of the year. The men wear dMierent small or- naments, pendaut from, the ears and nose, scarify their arnas a^d brents, and. filfi their teeth dose to their gums, using, ^r the la^t operation, a sand-stone, formed into a particnkr ^ha^pe. They paint the face and body with soot, ochre, a^d plumbago, mixed with train-oil, making themselves most hpxrid figures. When completely dress- urns, ato a with king ress- LA PEROU8E.--1786. 445 cd, their flowing hi^ir is powdered, and plaited with the d»wn of sea-birds; but, perhaps, only the chiefs of certain distinguished families are thus decorated. Their shoul- ders arc covered with a skio, and the rest of the body retrains qaked, except the head, on which is generally worq a little straw-hat, plaited with enat taste and inge- uiilty. Sometimes, indeed, the head is decorated with two horned bonnets of eagles' feathers. Their head- dresses are extremely various, the grand object in view being only to render themselves terrible, that they may keep their enemies in awe. Some Indians have skirts of otters' skins. A great chief wore a shirt composed of a tanned skip of the elk, bordered by a fringe of be^ks of birds, which, when dancing, imitate. 1 the noise of u belt ; a common dress among the savaees of Canada, and other nations in th& eastern parts of America. T^ie passion of these Indians for gaming is astonishing, a J ti^ey ^ ur- sue it with great avidity. The sort of play to which ''ley are most devoted, is a certain game of chance : oat of thirty pieces of wood, each distinctly ma V'^Mike the French dice, they hide seven : each plays in s accession and he who guess? s nearest to the whole number marked upon the seven is the winner of the at^ke, which is usu- ally '4 hatchet or a piece of iron. At length, after a very long run, on tlie 11th of Sep- tember, at three in the afternoon, the navigators got sight of Fprl Monterey, and two three-imasted vessels whj^h U>y >n th :»ituated on the east coast of \k\s, peninsula, and has a garrison of tifty-four troopers, who furnish detachments to tifteen missions ; the dutieS) of which are performed by Dominician friars. Abomt foiiir thousand Induns, converted and residing in these fifteen parishes, are the sole prociuce of tiie long labours of the di^erent religious orders which have suc- ceeded each Oither. A smaJ^l navy was establisiied by the Spanish guvernment in this port, under the orders of the Viceroy of JN^exico, consisting of four corvettes of twelve guns, and one goletta. They are destined to supply witii nt^ces:,ariea the presidencies of NortJi Califorma ; and 446 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. they are sometimes dispatched as packet-boats to Ma- nilla, when the orders of the court require the utmost expedition. The company were received with all possible polite- ness and respect : the president of the missions, in his sacerdotal vestment, with the holy water in his hand, waited to receive them at the entrance of the churcb» which was splendidly illuminated as on their highest festivals : he then conducted them to the foot of the high altar, where Te Deum was sung in thanksgivings for their arrival. Before they entered the church they passed a range of Indians : the parish- church, though covered with straw, is neat, and decorated with paint- ings, copied from Italian originals. A picture of Hell is there represented, in which the imagination of Callot is absolutely exceeded; but the senses of new converts must be struck with the most lively impressions. A re- presentation of Paradise, placed opposite to that of Hell, is supposed to produce less effect on them. The Indians, as well as the missionaries, rise with the sun, and devote an hour to prayers and mass, during which time a spe- cies of boiled food is prepared for them: it consists of barley-meal, the grain of which has been roasted previ- ous to its being boiled. It is cooked in the centre of tiie square, in three large kettles. This repast is called atole by the Indians, who consider it as delicious; it is destitute of salt and butter, and must consequently be in- sipid. The women have little more to attend to than their housewifery, their children, and the roasting and grind- ing of several grains ; the latter operation is long and la- borious, as thev employ no other means than that of crushing it in pieces with a cylinder upon a stone. ,.! , „,». The converted Indians preserve those ancient usages which are not prohibited by their new religion ; the same cabins, games, and dresses. The dress of the richest consists of an otter's skin cloak, to cover their Joins, and descend below the groin: the most indolent are satisfied with a simple piece of linen cloth, furnished by the mission to conceal their nakedness^ a cloak of rabbit's skin, tied under the chin, serves as a veil for their shoulders : the rest of the body remains absolutely naked, except the head, which is sometimes ornamented with bats of straw, curiously matted or plaited. The LA PEROUSE. — ^1786. 447 Lisages the f the their dolent lishcd >ak of eil for lutely enteft The women have a cloak of deer-skin, tanned ; those of the missions make a small bodice, with sleeves of the same material. This, with a small apron of rushes, and a pet- ticoat of stags' skin, which descends to the middle of the leg, is the wliole of their apparel. Girls under the age of nine years have only a simple girdle, and boys are completely naked. The Indians of the rancheries, or independent villages, are accustomed to paint their bodies red and black, when they are in mourning : but the missionaries have prohibited the former, though they tolerate the latter, these people being singularly attached to their friends. The ties of family are less regarded among them than those of friendship : the children shew no llial respect to the father, having been obliged to quit his cabin as soon as they were able to procure their own subsistence. A Spanish commissarv at Monterey, named M. Vin- cent Vassadre y Vega, b. ^aght orders to the governor to collect all the otter-skins of his missions and presiden- cies, government having reserved to itself the exclusive commerce of them ; and M. Pages assured La Perouse that he could annually furnish twenty thousand of them. The Spaniafds were ignorant of the importance of this valuable peltry till the publication of the voyages of Captain Cook : that excellent man has navigated for the general benefit of every nation ; his own enjoys only the glory of the enterprize, and that of having given him birth. New California, though extremely fertile, cannot boast of having a single settler; a few soldiers, married to In- dian women, who dwell in the forts, or who are dispersed among the different missions, constituting the whole Spanish nation in this district of America. The Fran- ciscan missionaries arc principally Europeans ; they have a convent in Mexico. The viceroy is now the sole judge of all controversies in the different missions. Don Ber-, nardo Galves having united all the powers, Spain allows four hundred piasters to each missionary, two of which are appropriated to a parish : supernumeraries receive no salary. On the evening of the 22d every thing was on-board, and leave had been taken of the governor and missionaries. On the morning of the 24th *hcy sailed. On the 3d of 44d VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD, November the frigates were surrouiKied with noddies, terns, and tnaU'^f-war birds ; and on tbe 4tli they made an island which bore west. This small island is little more than a rock of about 500 toises in length. Not a tree is to be seen on it, but a great deal of grass is visi- ble on the top; the rock is much disfigured by the dung of various birds ; the extremities of it are perpendicular like a wall, and the sea broke around it with such vio- lence as to render it impossible to think of landing. La Perouse named it Isle Necker. About an hour past one in the moi'ning La Perouse saw breakers at two cables' length a-head of the ship ; the sea being so smooth, the sound of them was hardly heard; the Astrolabe per- ceived them at tbe same time» though at a greater dis- tance than the Boussole ; both frigates instantly hauled, with their heads to the southreast. La Perouse gave or- ders for soundings; they had nine fathoms, rocky bottom; soon after ten and twelve fathoms, and in .a quarter of an hour got no ground with sixty fathoms. They just escaped tN most immiuent danger to which navigators can be exposed^ The island of Assumption, to which the Jesuits have attributed six leagues of circumference, from the angles now taken, was r^uced to half, and the highest point is about two hundred loiaet above the level of the sea. A more horrid place eaiuiot be conceived. It was a perfect cone, as black as a eoal» and very mortifying to behold, after having enjoyed, in imagination, the cocoa-nuts and turtles expected to ha found in some one of the Marianne Islands. La Perouse did not mean to touch at the Bashees, haviiAl befofe b«em often visited, and having nothing parlieularly interestiug* Having determined the position, he continued bis course towards China; aiMl on the 1st of January, 1781, found bottom in sixty fathoms; a number of fifihing^hoats surrounded him the next day. On the 2d of January our navigators made the White Rock. In the evening they ancltored to tlie northwaj;d of Ungating Island^ and the following day in Macao Road, Macao, situate at tb« movktk o^ the Tigris, is capable ot receiving a sixty-four gun ship into its road, at tbe eu- tvanceoif tl>eTypa ; and iu itspoiit, below the city, ships of 100 tons hall Laden. The entrance of this port is de- fended by a fortress consisting of too batteries and thi«e idles, made littk Not iS visi- I dung icular h vio- l» La ist one cables' tb, the e per- er dis- laulef), ave 01^ ottoni : rter oJP ley just '^igators ts have angles )oint is ea. A perfect behold, uts and arianne asheest othing osilion, the 1st ns ; a xt day. White Roskd^ able ot the eu- shrps is de- d three LA PEROV8E.r->1787. 448 small forts. The Portuguese limits extend no iarther than about a league from the city; they ace bounded by a wall, riA guarded by a few soldiers under a mandarin. This mar-d4rin is, indeed, the real governor of Macao, and the person to whom the Chinese owe obedience. He has not the privilege of sleeping within the enclosure of the limits, yet he may visit the plac?, impect the custom-houses, &c» And op these occasions the Portu- guese must salute him with five guns. 3utino EiuropeiMi is permitted to set a foot on the Chiqese country beyond the wall ; ?in attempt of that kind would subject any perspn to the mercy of the Chinese ; foir such an indis- cretion large sums might be demimded of bim, or he might suffvith staves, the of^ytx opiy kawg p^rio^itted to wear a sword ; but, on .po o^ofisjon to ^se it against a Chinese. If a robber of ^at patiiOn is d«Moted in breaking open a door, or purloining '^y e^cts, be must not be arrested yvithppt the |;rA§it!est ,pi;ecaution ; if n soldier, in his own dfifcpQI^) n^oiM nfiiof tmwi^ly JJ^iU him, he js delivered pyiertPttbe goypppr, und ilpfinged in Uffi market-place. Bv.t if f^ iOim^^ Ml A l*ortuguese, he Js eiamined by the j jt409S of bis Qyv<|i OfM^on, who make la pompous parade of fuUiUipg iall tj^e /orm^iUtij^s of justipe, but always coni» n>ye j^jt iiije ^v9siQ« ^ it* The PortwgU(9se, however, have Ut^ly mf^i^ ft spirited ^r^, which ir«^ect« honour op iheflii. A s?9p^y kmPS k>iip4 a Chinese, they shot him tiiiepis elves in this ||rese;nce of the Mtindarjin, and would not subipi^ the decisipil pf ^^ 9^air tP thw^ off his own covjin^ry. The climate of t|ie road of Typa is, at thjs ftPM>n ^ the year, precarious; most of the crews ivere a^icted with colds, accompanied witb a fevier; yvhlcb yielded bji!uarf . Wanting wood, which he k^ew w^s f^t at Munilla, M IVrousc 450 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. came to a resolution of remaining twenty-four hours at Marivella to procure isonie/ and early the next morning all the carpenters of the two frigates were sent on-sboru with the long-boats ; the rest of the ships' company, with the yawl, were reserved for a fishing party ; but they were unsuccessful, as they found nothing but rocks and very shallow water. On the 28th the navigators came to an anchor in the port of Cavite, in three fathoms, at two cables' length from the town. Cavite, situate three leagues to the south-west of Maiiilla, was formerly a place of impor- tance. It has now the commandant of the arsenal, a con- taitor, a few other officers, and 1£^0 men in garrison. The other inhabitants consist of Mulattoes or Indians employed at the arsenal, lind, with their numerous fami- lies, form a population of about 4000, including the city and the suburb of Saint Koch. There ate two parishes, and three convents of men. The Jesuits had a hahd- some house here, which is now in the hands of govern- ment. The whole place is now almost a heap of ruins. Manilla is erected on the bay which also bears its name, and lies at the mouth of a river, being one of the a finest situations in the world ; all the necessaries of life may be procured there in abundance, and on reasonable terms; butthecloths, and other manufactures of Europe, are extravagantly dear. The great possessions of the Spaniards in America have not permitted the goviem- ment to attend minutely to the Philippines. La rerouse confidently ausrts, that a great nation, without any other colony than the Philippines, which would establish a proper government there, might view all the European settlements in Africa and America without envv or re- gret. These islands contain about 8,000,000 of inhahi* tants, and that of Luconia consists of about a third of them. These people seem not inferior to Europeans ; they cultivate the tend with skill, and among them have inge- nious goldsmiths, carpenters, joinerp. masons, black- smiths, &c. La Peroiise savs hefias visited them at their villaget, and found them ailable, hospitable, and honest. The Spaniards indeed speak contemptuously of them, but the vices they attribute to the Indians, may with more propriety be plalsed to the government established among them. Coffee, sugar-canes, cotton, and indigo. ' hours at morning on-subre »any, with they were and very lor in the *.s' length ss to the )f impor- al, a con- garrison, r Indians "ous fami- I the city parishes, a hahd- f govern- or ruins, bears its ne of the a ies of life ^ easonable f Europe, IS of the e govern- 1 Perouse hout any establish Surcpean vy or re- >i inhabit third of ms ; they ave inge» >, black- n at their i honest, of them, nay with tablished I indigo. Ijihubiiaius of Port Francois. Inhabitants of ilanilla. LA PEROU8E. — 1787. 45 1 y-.j'rif^vlt t>S ■ M^ ?•''.' :\:-J'J , grow there without cultivation, and it is generally ht- lieved that their spices would not be inferior to those of the Moluccas ; a generai liberty of commerce for all na- tions would command a sale which would encourage the cultivation of them all; and a moderate duty on all arti- cles exported would soon -defray the expences that go- vernment might sustain. On the 0th of April, according to the French reckon- ing, and the 1 0th as the Manillese reckon, our navigators sailed and got to the northward of the island of Lucouia. On the 21st they made the island of Formosa ; and ex- perienced, in the channel which divides it from that of Luconia, some very violent currents. On the 22d they set Lamy island, at the south-west point of Formosa, about three leagues distance. The tack they then stood on conveyed them upon the coast of Formosa, near the entrance of the bay of Old Fort, Zealand, where the city of Taiwan, the capital of that island, is seated. Having been informed of the revolt of that Chinese co- lony, and that an army of 20,000 men, under the santog of (Canton, had been dispatched against it. La Perouse resolved to sacrifice a few days to learn the particulars of this event. Only one man could be prevailed on to come on-board ; whose fish were instantly purchased at his own price, to induce him to give a favourable account of our navigators, should he venture ta acknowledge that he had communicated with them. Na person could guess at the meaning of any of the answM^s ^iven by the fisherman to the questions which bad been proposed ta them. The whole of the next day a dead calm occurred, in mid-channel, between the Basliee Islands, and those uf Botol Tabacoxima. It is probable that vessels might provide themselves in this island with provision, wood, and water. La Perouse preserved the name of Kumi Island, which Father Gambil gives it in his chart. In the night of the 25th our navigators passed the strait of Corea, sounding very frequently, and as this coast appeared more eligible to follow than that of Japan, they approached within two leagues of it, and shaped t course parallel to its direction. On the 27th they made the signal to bear up, and steer east, and soon perceived, in the north-north-east, an island not laid down upon any 452 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. chart, at the distance of about twenty leagues from the coast of Covea. He named it Isle Dagelet, from the name of the astronomer who first ^discovered it. The circumference is about three leagues. On the 30tb of May, La Perouse shaped his course east towards Japan, and on the 2d of June saw two Japanese vessels, one of which passed within hail of bim. It had a crew of twenty men, all habited in blue cassocks resembling those worn by French priests. This vessel was about 100 tons burthen, and had a single high mast stepped in the middle. The Astrolabe hailed her as she passed, but neither the question nor the answer was comprehended. She continued her course to the southward, to give the earliest intelligence of two foreign vessels having appeared in seas where no European na- vigator had ever ventured. At ditfercnt times of the y the season for fishing and hunting; LA PEROUS& — 1787. 453 tiiBt tbey assemUe for those purposes along the rivers; and that the mass of people reside in the interior of the coantry, to attend to the multiplication of their flocks and herds. M, de Langle, witli several other officers who had a passion for huating, endtevoured to pursue their sport, but without swccets, yet they imagined that by silence, perseverance, and posting themselves in am • bttsfc in the panes of the stags and l^rs, they might be able to procure some of tlmn. This pfain was deter- mined on for the next day, but, with all their address and= management, it proved abortive. It was therefore gemrally acknowledged tint fishiffg presented the great- est prospect of siiccessv Eaoh of the ftve creeks in the Bftie d« remai aiffbrd#d a) proper pteee for hauling the seine,, and was rewtlertc| more convenient by a rivulet, near which they estabiisbed their kitcheir. lliey caught plenty of trout^ salnmi. cod-fish; hvrp'flsh, plaice, and herrings. > On the 4th, at three m tlilB moittilig, there was a fine clear sky, and the navigators saw, upon their right beam, at the distance of two miles, in the west-north-west, a ureat island into which a river discharged itself. The oountrv resembled that at Bale de Tertiai, and though ihree deg. more to the northward, the productions of the earth differed very little from it. M. de Vaujuas, who had been dispatched in one of the boats, took away one of the elk^ktns, but not without leaving, in exchange for it, some hatchets, and other iron instruments of infi- nitely more value. That officer^s representation, nor that of the naturalists, did not eticourage La Perouse to continue any longer in this bay, on which he thought ))roper to bestow the name of Bale de SttfllVen* At eight in the morning of the 7th, he made an island which seemed of great extent; he supposed, at first, that this was Segalien Island, the south part of whjch' some geographers had placed two degrees^ too far to the northward. The aspect of this land was' extremely dif- ferent from that of Tartary ; nothing was to be seen but barren rocks, the cavities of which retained the snow. To the highest of the mountains La Pterouse gave the appellation of Peak Lamanon. M. de Langle, who had come to anchor, came instantly onboard his ship, having; 4d4 VOYAGES ROUND tHB WORLD. already hoisted out his long-boat and small botti. He submitted to La Perouse whether it would not be proper to land before night» in order to reconnoitre the country, and gather some necessary information from the inhabi- tants. By the assistance of their glasses, they perceived some cabins, and two of the islanders hastening towards the woods. Our navigators were successful in making the natives comprehend that they requested a description of their country, and that of the Mautchous; one of the old sages rose up, and, with great perspicuity, pointed out the most essential and interesting particulars with the end of his staff. His saeacity in guessing the meaning of the questions proposed to him was astonish- ing, though, in this particular, he was surpassed by another islander of about thirty years of age. The iast-mentioncd native informed oui pavigators that they had a commercial intercourse with the people wlio inhabit the banks of Segalien River, and he distinctly marked, by strokes of a pencil, the number df days it required for a canoe to sail up the river to the respective places of their general traffic. The bay in which they lay at anchor was named Baie de Langle, as Captain de Langle was the first who discovered it, and first landed on its shore. They spent the remainder of the day in visiting the country and its inhabitants. They were surprised to find among a people composed of hun* , ters and fishermen, who were strangers to the cultivation of the earth, and without flocks or herds, such gentle manners, and such a superiority of intellect. The at- tention of the inhabitants of the Baie de Langle was at- tracted by the arts and manufactures of the French; they judiciously examined them, and debated among themselves the manner of fiibricating the several articles. They were not unacquainted with the weaver's shuttle ; a loom-of their construction was brought to France, whence it appeared that their methods of making linens was similar to that of the Europeans ; but the thread of it is formed of the bark of the willow-tree. Though they do not cultivate the soil, they conveit the spontane- ous produce of it to the most useful and necessary pur« poses. At day-break» on the 4th of July, La Perouse made LA PEROUSB.— It87. 455 I. proper »untry, inhabi- rceived owards native! ion of one of picuity, ticulars )ing the stonish- ssed by . The in that people and he limber of river to The bay Langle, i it, and tinder of They of hun* Itivation gentle [The at- was at" |French ; among I articles, shuttle; ] France, |ig linens iread of I Though >ontane- lary pur- se made the signal for getting under way; early on the 19th. he saw the laud of an island from north-east -by-north, as far as east'south-east, but so thick a fog prevailed that none of the points could be particularly discovered. At four the fog, in a great degree, dispersed, and the navigators took bearings of the uuids astern to them to the north- bv-east* The bay, which is the best in which he had an« chored since his departure from Manilla, be named Baie d'Estaing. M. de Langle, who first landed in the island, found the islanders assembled round three or four canoes, laden with smoked fish ; he was there informed that the men who composed the crews of lae canoes were Mant- chous, and had quitted the banks of the Segalien river to become purchasers of these fish. In the corner of the island, within a kind of circus planted with stakes, each surmounted with the head of a bear, the bones of animals lay scattered. As these people use no fire-arms, but engage the bears in close combat, their arrows being only capable of wounding them, this circus might pro- bably be intended to perpetuate the memory of cer- tain great exploits. Having entertained conjectures relative to the proximity of the coast of Tartary, La Perouse at length discovered that his conjectures were well-founded ; for when the horizon became a little more extensive, he saw it perfectly. In the evening of the 2*2d he came to an anchor in tpirty-seven fathoms, about a league from the land. He was then a-breast of a small river, to the northward of which he saw a remarkable peak ; its base is on the shore, and its summit on all sides preserves a regular form. La Perouse bestowed on it th^ title of Peak la Martiniere. On the 28th, in the evening, our navigators were at the opening of a bay which presented a safe and convenient anchorage. M. de Langle reported to La Perouse that there was excellent shelter behind four islands ; lie had landed at a village of Tartars, where he was kindly re- ceived, and where he discovered a watering place, abounding with the most limpid element. From M. de Langle's report, La Perouse gave orders to prepare for anchoring iu the bottom of the bay, which was named Baie de Castris. In this bay the French navigators first discovered the use of the circle of lead or bone, which these people, and 466 VOYAGES ROUND THF WORLD. the inhabitants of Segalien IslkhO, ear on the thiiivib like a ring; it greatly assists them . cuciing and strip- ping the salmon vritb a knife, which is always hanging to their girdle. Their village was built upon loAV marshy land, which must doubtless be uninhabitable during the winter ; but on the opposite side of the gulph, another village appeared on a more elevated situation. It was seated at the entrance of a wood, and contained eight cabins, larger and better constnicted than the first. Not far from these cabins, they visited three yourts, or sub- terranean houses. They were snflieientlv capacious to accommodate the inhabitants of the whole eight cabins rl tiring the severity of the inclement season. On the borders of this village several tombs presented themselves, which were larger and more ingeniously fabricated than the houses; each of tbeiA contained three, four, or five biers, decorated with Ohinese stuffit, soMe pieces of which were brocade. Bdws, atrb#s, and' the other most esteemed artides of these people; ^ere susbeiided in the interior of these monUmetits, the wooden dodr of which was closed by a^ bar', supported at each end by a prop. The women at-eiitTit))ped in a latge rOl>e of nankeen, or salmon'i$ skin, cuHoUsly tanMed; descending as low as tlsc ancle-bone, sowetinies-einbettishedwith a border of fringe munufactured of copper, and producing sounds like those of little bells. Tlitose satmon which furnisli a co- vering for the fair, weigh thirty or forty pounds, and are never caught in summer; tho^e which were tukeii hy the French visitors did not exceed thtee or four pounds in weight ; but that diisadvant&ge was fully compensated by the extraordinary ininkber, and the exti-eme delicacv of their fiavouri On the 2d of August, La Perbdse sailed with a iii^lit breeze. Segalien Island terminating in a point, a distant horizon of mountains wa^ no longer seen; many circum- stances announced that he wa^ approaching its soutiieni extremity, and that the pe^k was upon another island. On this^upposition, which wtfiS realized the next day, the an- chor was let go in the evening, ais the calm rendered it necessary to anchor at the south point of Segalien Island. This point, which was named Cape Chillon, is situate in 45 deg. 57 min. north latitude, and 140 deg. 34 min. east longitude: it terminates this island, which from north to LA PEKOUSB. — 1787. 467 thumb 1 strip- ging to marsh) iiig the mother It was d eight t. Not [>r sub- ;ious to t cabins On the nselves, ed than or five eccs of «r most d in the f which prop, keen, or w as tlic )f fringe ids like sh a co- aiid 'die. iken by pounds jerisated cfelicacv 1 a lij^lit rdistant circum- louthfin ind. On , the an- dered it [ Island, ituate in lin. east north to south is of immense extent, separated frooi Tartary by a channel terminated by sand-b«aks to the northward, be- tween which no passage for ships is to be found. This island is Oku-Jesso. Chica Island, abreast of our navi- gators, divided by a channel from that of SegaUen, and from Japan to the strait of Sangaar, is the Jesso of the Japanese, extending to the south as far as the strait of Sangaar. The chain of the Kurile mountains is more to the eastward, and with Jesso and Oku-Jesso, forms a sea which communicates with that of Ochotsk. The persons of the Islanders, which were seen in Crillon Bay, were welUsixed^ strong, and vigorous: thehr features were expressive, and their beards descended to their breasts ; their arnis^ necks^ and backs, were also cover- ed with a profusion of hair. Their middle stature is supposed fo be about an inch lower than that of the French. Their skin is tawny, like that of the Algerines, and other nations on the coast of Barbary. On the 17th, they approached Staten Island, of which they had a perfect view. On the 19th Cape Trouu was perceived to the southward, and Cape Uries to the south- east-by-east ; its proper direction, according to the Dutch chart : their situation could not possiUy have been deter- mined with more precision by modern navigators. On the 20th saw the Company's Island, and reconnoitered the strait of Uries, though it was very fc»ggy,*and ran along the south coast of the Company's Island, at the distance of three or four leagues : it appeared to be bar- ren, without trees or verdure, and even without inhabi- tants. On the 29th, after a series of foggy weather, our navigators reconnoitered Mareckan Island, considered by some as the first of the southern Kuriles ; its extent is about ten leagues, frpn^ north-east to south-west, and each extremity is terminated by an eminence, a peak or volcano rising in the middle. On tlie 6th of September, though the fog continued obstinate, the navigators crowded sail in the midst of darkness, and at six m the evening of the same day, it cleared up, and enabled them to see the coast of Kamtschatka ; the whole of which ap- peared hideous ; the eye surveyed with terror enormous masses of rocks, which in the beginning of September were enveloped in snow. The next day they approach- ed the land, and found it agreeable to behold when X 458 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. near; and the base of these eiktirmoussumDiiti, crowned With eternal ice, was carpeted with the most betujtiful vevdore^ finely diversified with trees. In the c!Veiiin| of the 6tb» they made the entrance of Avatcba Bay, or SttR- Peter and Saint Paul. The ligbt^hfilase, erected by fH Russians on the east point of the entrance, was not kindled during the night; asan eiciise for which tiib g(^ ▼emordecland, the next dw^ thlHf aH their dfoits t^ keep k bnmiug had been tnefiectnal ; the iHhd Nd ''torn stantly extiinfiiished th« iame, wldch was /liiily sheltered by four fd^ks of wood; ^v^ry tndifferentlV ccniilnted. JTbc ffOfeniment oMCamtschatka had heeii niilerialh changed since the departure of the English, and was itow oidy a dependenc^^ of that of Ochotsk. -These particdii; lara were comnttnieated ta pur navigators by lieUteotioil Kaborbf, govemorof the harbour of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, havint; a serjeant and Ibrfy soldiers under his command. Mc^oeLessops, who acted Us interpreter, and who perfectly understood the Russian language, wrote a letter, in La Perouse's name, to the governor of Ochotsk, to whom La Perouse also wrote in French him- self. He told him tliat the narrative of Cook's last voy- age had spread abroad the fame of the hospitality of the Kamtschadale government ; and he flattered himself that he should be as iavourablv received as the English navi- gators/ -as his voyage, like theirs, was intended for the general benefit of all maritime nations. In the midst of their labours, our navigators devoted intervals to pleasure, and engaged in several hunting parties on the rivtir» Avatiicka and Paratounlni, expecting to be able to shoot a^few^reitt-deer, bears, or other qua- drupeds, inhabitttits of that climate. They were obliged, however, to content themselves with a few ducks or teal, an inferior sort of jeame, which Were considenkl lis a poor compensi^n ror their laborious excursions. But if their own endeamittrs were not so successful' as their sanguine expectations had predicted, theiir friends among tbeKamtschadaks made ample amends for the disappoint- ment. Puirinfl; their stay they ha^ received from the in- habitants of the village, an elk, four bears, and a rein- deer, with such a quantity of divers, and other wild- fowl, that they found it necessary to distribute a consi- derable part of them among their crews. This was ren- harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul. navi- as a But tlieir Indians of Chili and California. t LA PBROU81;. — 1787. 459 dered the more necessary, as they had beeu cloyed by a supcr-abund'^nce of fish ; a single cast of the net, along- side of the frigates, would have procured sufficient sus- tenance for half a docen ships ; but there was little va- riety of species ; cod, salmon, herrings, and plaice, were almost the only produce of the net. The Kamtschadales are of an imitative genius, and fond of adopting the customs of their conquerors. They have already abandoned the yourts, in which they were formerly accustomed to burrow like badgers, breathing foul air during the whole of the winter. The most opulent among them now build isbas, or wooden houses, like those of the Russians : they are divided into three small rooms, and are conveniently warmed by a brick-stove. The in- ferior people pass their winters and summers in balagans, resembling wooden pigeon -houses, covered with thatch, and placed upon the tops of posts twelve or thirteen feet high, to which the women, as well as men, tiiirl a ladder necessary for their ascension. But these latter buildings will probably soon disappear : for the Kamt- schadales imitate the manners and dresses of the Russians. It is curious to see in their little cottages, a quantity of cash in circulation ; and it may be considered as a still greater curiosity, because the practice exists among so small a number of inhabitants. Their consumption of the commodities of Russia and Cbina are so few, th^t the balance of trade is entirely in the!; favour, in consequence of which it is necessary to 7>ay i%i^m the difference in rubies. The Kamtschad ales, savai LaPerouse, appeared to me to be the same people as ^hose of the Bay of Cas- tries, on the coast of Tartarv : they are equally remark- able for their mildness and riie;r probity, and their per- sons are not very dissimilar. The approach of winter now warned our navigators to depart ; the ground, which, on their arrival on the 7th of September, was adorned with the most beautiful verdure, was as yellow and parched up on the fC^th of the same month, as in the environs of Paris at the conclusion i^f December. La Perouse therefore gave preparatory orders for their departure, .nd, on the Jdih, got under way. M. Kasloff came to take a final leave of him, and dined on-board. He accompanied him on-shore, with X2 400 VOYAGES ROUND TlfJE WORLD. M. de Laagle, and several ofliicers, and was liberally en* tertained wilh a good 8U|^per, and a ball. Signs of kind were seen on the 18th and IDIh of Oc- tober; flights of ducks,, and other birds that/requent the sUore, were observed. On the 1st of NoveMber, after experiencing several vicissitudes of weather,ia great num- ber of birds were seen ; and, among others, curlews and plovers, two species which are never observed at any considerable distance from land. On the 5th, they orcssed their own tract from Monterey to Macao; and) on the 6th, that of Captain Gierke from the Sandwich Iskiuds to Kamtschatka, when the birds had entirely dis- appeared. A lieavy swell from the east, like that from the west in the Atlantic Ocean, constantly prevails in this vast sea; thev saw neither bonetas nor doradoes, nor any tiling but a few flying-fish ; a distressing circumstance, us their fresh provision was entirely consumed. Ind uced by a western gale,LaPerouse attempted to reach the parallel of Bougainville's Navigators Islands, a disco- very due to the French, where fresh provision might proba- bly be procured. On the 6th of December, at three in the afternoon, he saw the most easterly island of that Archi- pelago, and stood on and ofl'during the rest of the evening and night. Meaning to anchor if he met with a proper place, La Perouse passed through the channel between the great and the little islands that Bougainville left to the south; tLough hardly a league ^^ide, it appeared per- fectly free from danger. He saw no canoes till he was in the channel, yet he beheld several habitations on the windward side of the island, and a group of Indians sit- ting under the shade of cocoa-nut trees, who seemed de- lighted with the prospect aftbrded by the frigates. Expecting to meet with a more considerable island farther west, the navigators flattered themselves they should soon find a shelter, if not a port, and therefore deferred making more extensive observations till they ar- rived at that island, which, according to M. de Bougain- ville's plan, they now approached. At break of day they were surprised not to see land to leeward; nor was U to be discovered till six o'clock in the morning, the channel being infinitely wider than is represented on the cliart which Mjas delivered to LaPerouse as aguide. They were little hogs, LA P'EROUSE.— J 797. 461 en- fonnd tfkMnselv^ opposite the north ea^t |)«>iiit of the island of Maouna at Hve in the evening. Being visited by two or throe canoes, x^bicti «aiiie stMigside to ex- change hogs aad fruit for beads, tbey conoeifvefl an ex- ailed opiiiion of t4i« ridbes (nf the isSimd. Cbiirmed with the ke^MtHttk 4amn of the "following morning, LaP>ero4i»e resolved itoireconnoitre the eountry, take a view of lite inibaibltaiMs at th«ir owii homes, nil water, and imnieiiiatN^ly ^et tmiler way ; prudeace wavn- ing hira against paasinga second night at that anchorage, which M. de Langie also tlioi^hrt too dangerous for a longef stay. It was Hberefore agwed onto sail in the af- ternoon, idler apppoppiatii^ the morning in exehamging baubles for hogs and friiit. At the dawn of day the is- landers Iiad surrounded the tw<» frigates, with W% ditkr- ent canoes laden with provision, which they wou4d only exchange for beads, axes, «4otAi, and o^r articles of tragic, were treated by them with contempt. While a part of the crew was occupied in keeping them in order, and dealing, the rest were dispatching empty casks on> shore to be replenished with water. Two boats of the Boussole, armed, and commanded by Messrs. de Clo- nard and Colinet, and those of the Astrolabe, command- ed l>y Messrs. de Monti and Bellegarde, set off with that view at 6ve in the morning, for a bay at the distance of about a league La F-erouse fc4'lowed dose after Messrs. Clonard and Monti, ^n his pinnace, and landed when they did. It uufortunately happened that M. de Langie had formed a resolution ^o make an excursion in his ;9Hy-boat to another cr*^ek, at the distance of about a league from tlieir watering-place ; from this excursion a dire misfortune ensued. The creek, towards which the long-boats steered, was large and commodious : these, and the other boats, remained afloat at low water, within half a pistoil-shot of the beach, and excellent water was easily procured. Great order was observed by Messrs. de Clonard and d** Mon+i. A line "f soldiers was posted between the beach and the «atives, who amounted to about 200, including nrany women and children. They were prevailed v>i to sit down under cocoa-trees, at a little distance from the lioals ; each of them bad fowls, hogs, pigeons, or tVtsitj awd all of them were anxioun to 402 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. dispose of their articles without delay, which created sm&e confusion. Wliile matters were thus passing with perfect tran- quillity, and the casks expeditiously filling with water, La i^erouse ventured to visit a charming village, situated hi the midst of a neighbouring wood, the trees of which were loaded with delicious fruit. The houses formed a circle of about 150 toises in diameter, leaving an interior open space, beautifully verdant, and shaded with trees, which rendered the air delightfully cool and refreshing. Women, chiliren, and aged men attended him, and ear- nestly importuned him to enter their houses ; they even spread their finest mats upon the floor, decorated with chosen pebbles, and raised a convenient distance from the ground, to prevent oiFeusive humidity. La Perouse condescended to enter one of the handsomest of these huts, which was probably inhabits '^^ hy a chief, and was astonished to behold a large cabinet of lattice-work, in which as much taste and elegance were displayed as if it had been p oduced ih the environs of Paris. This en- chanting country, blessed with a fruitful soil without culture, and enjoying a climate which renders clothing unnecessary, holds out to these fortunate people an abundance of the most estimable food. The trees invite the natives to partake of the bread-fruit, the ba- nana, the cocoa-nut, and the orange ; while the swine fowls, and dogs, which partake of the surplus of these fruits, afford them a rich variety of viands. The inha- bitants of this enviable spot were so rich, and entirely free from wants, that they looked with disdain on the cloth and iron tendered by the French visitors, and only deigned to become customers for beads. Abounding in real blessings, they languished only for superfluities. The boats of the Boussole now arrived loaded with water, and La Perouse made every preparation to get under way. M. de Langle at the same instant remaned from his excursion, and mentioned his having landed iu a noble harbour for boats, at the foot of a delightful vil- lage, and near a cascade of transparent water. He spoke of this watering-place as infinitely more commodious than any other, and begged La Perouse to permit him to take the lead of |the first party, assuring him that in ^■«(^^^: LA PB ROUSE. — 1787. 463 Three hours he would return on-board with all the boats full of water. Though La Perouse, from the appearance of things at this time, had no great apprehensions of danger, he was averse to sending boats on-shore without the greatest necessity, especially among an immense number of people, unsupported and unperceived by the ships. The boats put off from the Astrolabe at half past twelve, and arrived at the watering>place soon after one; when, to their great astonishment, M. de Langle, and his oAicers, instead of finding a large commodious bay, saw only a creek full of coral, through which there was no other passage than a winding channel of about twenty* five feet wide. When within, they had no more than five feet water; the long-boats grounded, and the barges ijiust' have been in the same situation had they not been hauled to the entrance of the channel at a great distance from the be|icb. M. de Langle was now convinced that he had examined the bay at high-water only, not suppos- ing that the tide at thost islands rose five or six feet. Struck with amazement, he instantly resolved to quit the creek, and repair to that where they had before filled wlter; but the air of tranquillity and apparent good hu- mour of the crowd of Indians, bringing with them an im- mense quantity of fruit and hogs, chased his first pru- dent idea from his recollection. He landed the casks on-shore from the four boats without interruption, while his soldiers preserved excel- lent order on the beach, forming themselves in two lines, the more effectually to answer their purpose. Instead of about 200 natives, including women and children, which M. de Langle found there at about half after one, they were, at three o'clock, increased to the alarming number of 1200. M. de Langle's situation became every instant more embarrassing; he found means, however, to ship his water, but the bay was almost dry, and he had not any hopes of getting off the long-boats till four in the afternoon. He and his detachment., how- ever, steppt:d into them, and took post in the bow with his musket and musketeers, forbidding any one to fire without his command ; which he knew would speedily be found necessary. Stones were now violt utly thrown by the Indians, who were up to their knees iu water, aud surrounded the long-boats, at the distance of about six ^m*. 464 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. f*>et ; the soldiers, who vrtre embarked, making feeble efforts to keep them off. M. de Langle, still hoping to check hostilities, without effusion of blood, gave uo orders, all this time, for firing a volley of musketry and swivels ; but, shortly after, a shower of stones, thrown with incredible force, struck almost every one in the long-boat. M. de Langle had only fired two shot, when he was luiocked overboard, and massacred with clubs and stones by about 200 Indians. The long-boat of the Boussole, commanded by M. de Bou- tin, was aground near the Astrolabe, leaving between them a channel unoccupied by tibe Indkms. Many saved themselves by swimming, v/oq fortunately got on-board the barges, which keeping adoat, forty-nine persons were saved out of the sixjty-one, of which the4)iarty con- sisted. M. Boutin was knocked down by n stone, but fortunately fell between the two long-boats, #1^ board of which not a man remained in the space of^^i^ut fivcioi^ nutes. Those who preserved heir lives bj^ emmmii^io tlie two barges, received several wounds ; b«t,|ho$e.wbo unhappily fell on the other side were instantly dispatched by the clubs of the remorseless Indies* -^ The crews of the barges, who had kiNed many of the islanders with their muskets, now began to make more room by throwing their water-casks overboard. They had also nearly exhausted their ammunition, and their retread was rendered difiicult, a number of wounded per- sons lying stretched out upon the thwar^^. and imped- ing the working of the oars. To the piiUience of M. Vaujaus, and the discipline kept up by M. Mouton, who commanded the Boussole's barge, the public are indebted for the preservation of the forty-uine persons of botJi crews who escaped. M. Boutin had received five wounds m the head, and one in the breast, and was kept above Wfter by the cockswain of the long-boat, who had himself received a severe «vound. M. Coknet was discovered in a state of insensibility upon the grapnel- rope of the barge, with two wounds on the head, an arm fractured, and a finger broken. ^, Lavaux, surgeon of the Astrolabe, yols obliged to suffer the operation of the trepan. M. de Lamanon, and M. de Langle, were cru- elly massacred, with Talio, master at arms of the Bous- sole, and nine other persons belonging to the two crews. f •* M. le ( boat, d'u having < chanuelj himself) was afte infuriate themseli Atfiv< were inf( moment natives % and per happene the cliiii wJiich s< could wj deration, death. On tl Island oi bad arri This isia Massacr beauty, < of about surroun< cocoa-ni inhaibita Maouna, ed. 801 ders wit land of ] iounedia On tl not a sii been in taken pi of Oyoh from it I of Maou lands ar Leone^ LA PEROU8E. — 1T87. 4iir> M. le Gobieu, who commanded tin* Astrolabe's loii$r. boat, did not desert his post till he ivasleft akme ; when, havmg exhausted his ammunition, tie leaped into tlie channel, and, notwithstanding his tvounds, preserve himself on-board one of the Imrges. A litMe ammmiition was afterwards found, and completely «zlwuflrted on the infuriated crowd; and the boats at length extricated themselves from their lamentable situation. At five o'clock the officers and crew of the Boussole were informed of this disastrous event; they were at that moment surrounded with about 100 canoes, in which the natives were disposing of their provisions with security, and perfectly iaiiocent of t catastrophe which had happened. But they were th untrymen, the brothers, the children of the infernal .aasbins, the thoughts of which so transported La Perouse with rage, that he conlfd with difficulty confine himself to the limits of nio-~ deration, or hinder the crew from punishing them with, death. On the 14th of December, La Perouie stoqd for the Island of (Holava, which bad bten observed before they had arrived at the anchorage which proved so f ohstadle imfMded their ptosMve. At the distance of about eight or tien feet» they leaped «verfioitd and sMfam aewr the frigateB, boldiug iii each hand a Jjutatity of coeoa-HiiittfWbioh they wer^ gfaid to exchange or pieces of irto, nai)c» and hatchets ; froai tluiiionesty of their deadings a friendly interddurse ensued between the islaiider» and the aatigalDrs, aiid they vtiilitred to come on-board. Korfolfc Isfaind, off the ^oast of New South Waks, which they saw on the 13th of January, is verv •tfipp, but docs hot exceed eighty tioises above the level of the sea; hi is covered with pines, which appear to be of the same sp^ies as those of New Caledonia, or New Zea* land. Captain Coolc having declared that he saw many cabbage^lfees in ibis inland, lieightoied thie desire of the nai^tors to land oh it.. Perhaps the palm which pro* duces these cabbages, is very small, for not a single tree of that species cou id be discovei^d. Oh the 26th^.at nine in I lie morning, LaPeroiise let go tlie anchor at a mile from the north coast of Botany Bay, in seven fa- thoms wHiei:. An Enffli^ lieutenant, and a midshipman, were sent on-board m ship by €aptatB Hunter, com- mander of the SirhiB. They offered him, iu Captain Hun- ter's aame^ all the services in his power: but cir^'um- ^tances would hot pernritvhidi to supply them with pixh vision, ammunition, or sails. An ofiwer was dispatched, from the French to the English captain, returning thanks, Hnd addmg, that his wants extended only to wood and water, of which he shonid lihd plenty in the bay, The jouroal of La Perohse proceeds no fUrther. La Perouse, Booordiitt to his last lettm fromiOotany Bay, was to re- ^ tarn to the Isle of f rttnoe in 1786. P^r two vears France in vain imphtiehtly expected hit return ; perhaps the ap- prehentiolM of his countrymen may have been more ago- ananif Ahan his actual (differing ^ perhaps he has been cast •way upon one of thUe ishinds of the So«tth Sea, whence ha Btretchea out his arms toward his country for protec- tion. We have not now even the consolation to doubt IhM he has experienced some dreadful calamity. ,1 ' »t?' «B dB [ 4«0 ] CAPTAIN EDWARD EDWAnDS.^I7mVM. On tb« 10th Augoit, 1190, Captam Edwardf wii cMttttkiMKHMd to lakt thi tommuid oihA§ m^ity't iliip iPtndom, of twMly-lbur fuiit awl AOO ata, to proceed to the South Seat ; in the first iaatance, to«all at Ota* helte Md iciie the muthMeri of the Bounty, who had andaoiouiiyNbelled againit their comnaiider, commitlad hJBi with itTtral otherftto an open Jniat h| the oiidit of the Paeifie Ocean, and then ran away with ilhc nhip to the ahovB-nealtioned ielaod ; and» teeondly, to tnrvty Endea* fbor ^trails, in order that the paeiage to Port Jeohton, New SouthWales, from India might be expedited, by aeocr* tlhiing tti advantages and dangers* LieulruMit BJigh's Voyage ([eommanlder of the Bounty) not being roiMfi tlie wiirtd, it is not given m this worlc ; but, for tiie iat'or* niation «oit of human life ; hundreds of these are lound in the tenth Seas, and, being a little elevated above the surfiioe of thevrater, ^^[oentiy prove dangerous to ship!- pine, especially in the mght. Neat day (I7th) saw another of these ishinds, wliieh was named after Lord Hood, about six miles Wmg, with several kinds of trees, but no appearance of inhabitantt* Two days afterwards observed a third «'hioh received 47d VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. the oame of Carysfort Island, after his loiclship ; on tht 22d passed Matei, and next, day anchored in Mi|tavaf Ba^y, Otaheite. Early in the morning a canoe with one man visited them, wlio expressed t& greatest satisfad* tion, and was astonished to see Lieutenant Hay ward (one of the Bounty officers,) as, he said, the mutineers told tbeiR that Captain Bligh and the others had. gone to Wi^tee* takee to settle along with Captatn Cook, who was still living there. Christian, howevtir, ohief of the mutineers with ' nine compianions; more attached to him than the of hers, and several Otahettian' men and: women,' had slipped the Bounty's cable in the night, and, leaviuff the remaining part of the crew ontshore, went off nobody knew whither. Lieutenants Corner and Hay ward were dispatched, with two boats and twenty-six men, to the noith side of the island after the mutineers, four of whon^ in the mean- time voluntarily surrendered themselves; the boats re» turning, reported they had chaced the remainder on- shore and taken their boat, the men having proceeded to the heights ; immediately upon which the former officer was dispatched against them by' land with a. party of men, by permission of Otoo the king; while Lieutenant Hay ward went for the same purpose by water, accom- muii^d by several chiefs, particularly Oedidee. An Englishman, named Brown, left here by an American vessel, also joined the party, and proved of considerable service, having been twelve months on the island, and being sufficiently acquainted with the language and man- ners of the natives. Lieutenant Corner, landing at Point Venus, had several chiefs for his guidei> and the common people to carry his animunition, havins to cross a rapid river, runnine from the mountains, and forming a variety of curves, and some cataracts m its course to the sea* This they forded six- teeii times, the natives diplaying on every occasion much more personal strength tnan ihe seamen; and occasion- aUy ro|>es and tackles were nocesM^ry to ascend some of the heights. During a halt, the officer expressed a wish for something to eat, when one of > the natives immedi- ately ran to a temple, where meat had bedi regularly served to the deity of the place> and canie back with a 'roasted pig, which had been offered to him that d«y.. 7 E]>WAB|M.^17&1. 471 l?|u9 remarkatUc iottaoce of impiety surptited the lieu* tenant ; but he was atsuredb^ the offender, that the god bad moire than he bould poitibly eat ! Having arriTed al the residence of a great chiefs they were hospitably i» ceived ; and, inr honour of his fiither, then deceased, fireo three yollies over the body, the paper of th^ cartridges of which unfortunately set fire to some of its coverings, which, in the estimation of these people, was almost a species of sacrilege. In the meantime Mr. Hay ward had blocked up the fugitives by water, and, by the aid of Tamarrah, prince of the upper districts, had scarcely 1^ them a chance of escaping m any direction* , Thus cut off from every hope of assistance, the natives harassing them behind, while Mr. Hayward advanc^ in front, they took shelter, under cover of the night, ip a hut in the woods, where they were discovered by Qrown, who, creeping to the place when they wereasteep, dis*> covered them to be Europeans bv the feel of their feet. Next day the lieutenant attacked them; but, consciottS; that no resistance would be availing, they grounded theif: arms without opposition, and, under a strong guard, were inarched to the boats with their arms tied behind their backs. A prison for their reception was built on the after-part of the auarter-deck, in order that no commu* nication should take place between them and the ship's company. Several of the natives, it seems, were theii? friends ; some of the mutineers had married the daugh- ters of neigh bourine chiefs; and at length a conspiracy was formed to cut the ship's cables and allow her to dfift upon the rocks, when they would not only releMe their friends, but esyoy the pmnder of the ivreok«, {n this scheme neither the king, nor any, of bis bro||Kers, ov friends, participated ; one of them, named Orapai» gaye the first intimation of it, and they all behaved otherwise in the most friendly and obliging manner. The prisonery were daily visited by their wives and offspring, who jdiir played Burprisin| grief and attachnient to their hui^baiids^ the scene of their meetings being trulv m^laupboly and affectmi;.- By these 6uthnil paetnert they were lihewiie supplied, during (heir stay, witheyery delicaoy ««kw of York; «nd> on the 12th, another^ named after this Dii^^of Clarence; the tbriner not inhabited* the latter ^pr«t|y popttl^a; but no intercourse took place with the peiQ|ple. . On the 18th discovered another island.'of freal<$r«i|teiit thiMi any yet seen fn these seas, being twice (the «x|tflpt of Otaheite; tlie natives warlike, but iaur^i«aIil)g in their int^coorse witli their viaitort. It ym§ called fJhathami'c IslmuL The 21st saw another, which the natives i^iMncd Otatue^b, abont forty miles long, with Ibe pewkle of which they trailed ibr a very deliopute apeeiep of sc#dpcake, birds^ fowls, feathers, and «ther iCMirjositie* ; they wece very timid in coming outboard, aiMl mnoh a^Coniiuhed m «very thiqg they saw. in the evening sepan^.ffsom the ten* der,ftnd cruiaedtwo dnys off t^e spot to r<9e of Otaheite, but have very animated cQnflienance&, which render theih sufficiently agreeable; several banidsoaie giiiU were brought for disposal by their mother^ the price being at 6rst an a^e, put diminishing to raaori, scinMirf, and nai|s. A brisk trade was carried on £»r hogs, the pork being t)etter than that of Otahmte. fievienil afttcmpts were made to plunder the parties sent . out to cut woodt .and grass, in one 4»f which an attefhpt bein^ made on the life of Lieutenant Corner, he shot the offender dead i these attempts, however, were not countenaneed by the king or principal chiefs. His majesty, pn tibe contrwy, em- barked forTafoa in the Pandora, one of his tributary islands, the chiefs of which came off to do him hoinuge, which he exemplified by putting his foot on their he^U 474 VOYAOIS ROUND THt WORLD. in the ict of obeisance. Continuing the search for the mutineers, they saw on the 14th the Navigators Isles dt Bougainville, and perceived European clothes in the pos^ session of the natives. The 18th perceived a cluster dl islands, which were called Howe's; running down the north side they perceived a fine open sound, into which fell some rivers. The natives were civil, and seemingly liiuch better disposed than those of Annamooka. On the 28d passed Pylstart Island, as supposed; and, on the 26th, Middleburgh Island^ from which a few refresh- ments were procure, anchoring soon after at Anna- mooka, where they were grieved to find the tender had not yet appeared. Once more they proceeded on their voyage, and, on the 7th August, madeWallit's Island; next day another, which they named Gienville's Island, the men of which came off with hostile intentions, armed with diubs, which they flourished ini defiance ; but, amazed ai the size and no. ve*lty of a man-of-war, fled at the report of a musket. The 11th passed over a shoal of coral, on which was only eleven fathoms water, to their great astonishment and terror, and in five minutes more could not find bottom. On the 12th discoverecl an island well wooded but not inhabited, which received the name of Mitre Island, from the shape of a remarkable promon!tory. Another small one, near it, was called Cherry's Island. Next day distinguished a third, named after Mr. Pitt; on the 17th found breakers, under both bows, at mid- night; in the morning discovered they were embaved in a double reef, which doubtless will soon be an island. Lieutennnt Comer was now sent to look for a passage through a reef in their route, and in the evening they made a signal there was one ; but it was judged prudent, considering their former escapes, to wait for the morning. The ship therefore lay to, signals being made tor the return of the boat, which she had no sooner done than, to the astonishment of all, the ship struck on a reef at a moment when, frouk the precautions taken, it wai thought there was no danger near them. All hands were soon at the pumps, the ship .having nine feet water in the hold. At ten o'clock sne beat over the i^eef into fifteen fathoms water, the night dark and stormy, the guns ordered to be thrown overboard, and a sail to be BDWARDg.— t791. 475 drawn under hei l>otioin ; one of the pumps, in addition to their other distress, being rendered useless. The boats which were out could not approach for the violent surf; at day-dawn the water had gained so iar, that there was no possibilitv of suving the ship; a council^f>war ac- attainted the crew with this, who were remarkably obe* lent and intrepid in their incessant labour at the pumps; the prisoners were now restored to liberty ; the spars, hen-coops, and every' thing buoyant cut loose, to give as many as possible a last stake for their lives. The water now rushed in at the ports, the ship took a heel, and an officer informing the captain that an anchor at the bow was already under water, at the same time leaping over the quarter into the water, desiring him to follow, which he did. All the crew did the same, when in an instant she took her last heel and was buried in the waves. The boats did all in their power to render assist- ance, but they could not save all, and the cries of the drowning were truly afflicting. Wheft the sun rose, they saw a sandy key four miles distant, to which they pro- ceeded, and on mustering here, thirty-five seamen and four prisoners were missitig. Very fortunately a small barrel of water, a keg of wine, some biscuit, a few muskets, and cartoiich-bozes, had been saved ; with a saw and hammer, found in one of the bo&ts, they immediately set about repairing the whole, to fit them fdr a voyage to the nearest civilized port i they were four in number, the Pinnace, Launch, and Red and Blue Yawls, to' carry above 100 men. Hav- ing examined theiir allowance, it was foiind there were only two small glasses of wine to each person for sixteen days, and the Weight of a musket-ball of bread; the dis- tance to Timor, their nearest port, being 1100 miles. No time was therefore to be lost* On the 30th of Au- gust this little sqnadroif put to sea, the principal provi- sions being in the Launch, to keep the boats togejlher. The Red and Blue Yawls took the lead, and, examining some parts of the shore of New Holland, procured a small supply of water; the natives at first appeared Iriendly, but soon after let fly a shower of arrows, many of which Went through oak-plank an inch thick, though fortunately without wounding any of the men. Two small islands, which they examined in vain for supplies. 476 VOYAOOm EOtrHD THE WORLD. were naned Phinband Laforey's islands; the latter being the Uat place wiiefc aay stay was likely to be made, every maa had pernwsiioii to refresh bimaelf with sleep, but were soon awoke by the roaring of wildbeasis. Lieateoant Corner was dispatclied to look for water, bjmI digging four or five feet deep, found a ipnng ; a aiorai, or Duryiqg^laoe, was situated not far of, adjoining which were marks of a fire recently made, with many foot* paths towards it; whence, from the bones strewed arouad It, was judged tbene had been some sacrifices. Some of the partv Jbnnd a few oysters, and all Mt keenly the at* tacks of hunger; wuld-fruits were eaten by several as soon as they saw that the birds also partook of jtbem, a proof tbev were not poisonous. None of the party weie permittefl to stsaggle, the natives being evidently at no great distance; every vessel they had was filled with water, and also the carpenter's boots, #hich, from their leaking, was first used. September 2d proceeded 4MI their vovage ; in the even- ing saar a high peaked island!, which was called after Lord Hawkei^ury; and» passing through a channel about two miles wide and near several reefb, about which were some turtles which could not be caught, entered the grent ladian Ocemi. Here the /iwell threat- ened destruction to their boatti, for the preservation of wiiich tbev took eaoh other in tow ; hut the line broke twice» and theaight proving tempestuous, they peparated for a short time, 4iut in the morning again united. Oo the 7th the C4ptain's iMat oaught a i)oiK>y, which, after suckijMp its blood, was divided into tweiity*four shares; thirst being grefiter than hungi^, some would not have their allowance of bread. Ear^y oa the 13th saw land, for whicb the discoverer was xewarded with a glass of wat^; the boats separating inade towards it, but for ^om^ ibooni, on account of tli^ prodigious surf, could not fia4'a landlag-placi^ At length succeeding, they found relief in a bdlyfuJ lof in^ater^ the greatest luxury in the "; world tp them at this moment ; fud a Chinese chief coming .np« wh4>m jdi^y mide sensible of their sufferings, he shed tears Ji^ tj^r <^itre«s, and auf^ied them with pork, ibwis, and netting, and, levelling a deadly blow at Mr. Oliver, Was shot before he effected his purpose. Not finding the Pandora next dav, they steered for Anna- mooka, suffering extremely ror want of water, so that one of the young gentlemen became delirious and conti- nued so for some months. Reaching Tofoa, close to Annamooka, the natives, notwithstanding their profes'i Mons of friciMUhip, attacked them, as they always do^ Mfith small vessels, however civil they may be to largjs ones, but were driven off by fire-arms. After sustaining Muclr distnss and several encounters with hostile sav- ttes, they made the reef between New Guinea and New Holland^ upon which the Pandora struck; and, not finding any opening through which to proceed, boldly ran against it aud beat over into deep water, the only alternatives being famine or shipwreck. From this peril, they reached a small Dutch settlement, where the governor, having reeeived a description of the Bounty's men, and Mr. Oliver having no commission, besides, their little bark being evidently of foreign timber, he believed, with every probability, that they were the mutineers. He, therefore, ordered them under a guard, but otherwise 478 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD* acted with great humanity, and, when an opportunity offered, sent them thither." Samarang is a pretty town, of considerable extent, the houses regn^.ar and handsome, and the streets terminat- ing with some public building or other, which has a pleasing effect to the eye ; but the introduction of canals rather injures than improves its beauty and salubrity. The governorship is second only to Batavia, and so lu- crative, that the person who fills it is changed every iiye years. A regiment of the Duke of Wurtembeiv was doing duty here at the time, from which Captain Edwards and his oflicers received many civilities. Alligators are com- mon in the neighbourhood, and to those who bathe, or frequent the vicinity of the water, extremely dangerous. The governor informed them, that one day, in hunting, one of the black boys, having to cross a rivulet, was seized by one, upon which be dismounted and slew him, thus saying the lad's life. Quitting Samarang they touched at Batavia, where, and during a iedious passage to the Cape, they lost se- vieral men by sickness. Here the English officers received every attention and refreshment after their fatigues. Passmg St. Helena and Ascension, they arrived, without any further misadventure, at Rotterdam, whither the ship was bound ; and soon after had the satisfaction of setting foot once more on their native soil of England* CAPTAIN G. VANCOUVER.— 1791-06, Notwithstanding the valuable discoveries of Cook, further investigation was required of some of the southern regions, with which view a vovage was planned by his majesty in autumn 1789, and the command des- tined to Captain Henry Roberts, who had served under Captain Cook in the two last voyages. Captain Vancou- ver being named as his second ; and for this purpose a ship of 340 tons was purchased, in a state nearly finished; ana on being launched was named the Discovery, and commissioned as a sloop; but the disputes with Spain respecting Nootka Sound for a short time sus- pended her equipment. These differences being termiu- ated, and the nsherics and fur-trade of China being CAPTAIN O. VANCOUVER.— 1701. 470 objects of material importaoce, it was deemed expedieut to send an officer to Nootka to receive from the Spaniards a formal restitution of the territories they had seized; to purvey the coast, and obtain every possible information of the natural and political state* of the country. To this command Captain Vancouver was now appointed. The same ship, the Discovery, was equipped^ carrying ten four«pounders and ten swivels, with 130 men incIucU ing officers, Captain Vancouver being captain, Messrs. Zachariah Mudge, Peter Puget, and Joseph Baker, lieu- tenants ; and Joseph Whidbey, master. She was to be accompanied by the Chatham armed tender, of 135 tons, four tiiree-jpounders, six swivels, and forty-five men, commanded by Lieutenant W. R. Broughton; James Hanson, second lieutenant ; and James Johnstone, mas* ter. Mr. Archibald Menzies, a surgeon of the navy, was also appointed for the special purpose of botanical re- search. On the 5th Februsuy, 1701, the Discovery anchored at Spithead; on the llth March proceeded down the channel to Falmouth, where siie was, on the 31st, joined hv the Chatham. On the 28th April they made'Xene* rift'e. They citossed the tropic of Capricorn the 12th June, in 25 deg. 18 min., after which it was resolved to proceed by the Cape of Good Hope, whither they ar- rived the 10th July, and where a variety of necessary repairs employed them till the llth of August. After being detained by contrary winds and calms till the 17th, they then sailed out of Simon's Bay, bound for the coast of New Holland, and directing their course be- tween the tracks of Dampier and Marion, over a space before unfrequented. On the 27th September they mad^ land, and, in latitude 35 deg. 3 min. and longitude 160 deg. 35 min. 30 sec, passed 'by a conspicuous promon- tory, to which Captain Vancouver gave tlie name of Cape Chatham, after the Earl. Other places, which jhey successively passed, were called Baldliead, Break- Sea Island, Michaelmas Island, and Seal Island. Having gone on shore to fish, they discovered a most miserable kiman habitation lately deserted, in the shape of half a iee-hive, which had been divided vertically in two (qual parts, one of which formed the hut,, three feet n height, and in diameter four feet and a half, con* -mp VOYAOBS ROUND tHE' WORLD* »tructed of light twigs. To the northward they found 9 high rocky point, that attained the name of Point Pos- session, from the summit of which they gained an excel- lent view of the Sound and the adjacent country, pos- sessing a ^r more fertile prospect. This coast, and the country seen north-westward of Cape Chatham, was ta- ken possession of formally in the name of his majesty, the pavtfivst discovered being KingOeorge the Third's Sound, and the harbour hebind Point PoesessioH, Princess-Royal Harbour, ia honour of her bjrth-day. In their way out of this harbour they found a bank covered with most de- licious oysters, and thence called Oyster Harbour. Neai Princess-Hoy al Harbour, while the ships' companies were employed in wooding and watering, was discovered a d^erted village of two dozen mistrable huts, some rather better than the other, evincing the residence of petty chiefs. Throuj^hout the whole coMt traces of fire were perceptible. 'There were also seen several "black swans swimming on the water; but no smoke, or any indication of inhabitants. The natives appeared to be a wandering people, who sometimes made their excursioM individually ; at other times in conaiderabte parties; this was apparent, by their habitations being found single and alone, as well as composing tolerably large villages. Besides the vil- lage they visited, Mr. Broughton discovered anotiier about two miles distant from it, of nearly the same mag- nitude ; but it appeared to be of a much later date, as ail the huts had been recently built, and seemed to have been very lately inhabited. The larger trees in the vici- nity of both villages had been hollowed out by fire, suf- ficiently to afford the shelter these people seemed to re- quire. Upon stones placed in the inside of these hollow trees fires had been made, which proved that they had been used as habitations, either fo^- the inferior of the party, which would argue a degrt of subordination amongst them, or for those who were too indolent to build themselves the wattled huts before described. From this coast Captain Vancouver proceeded to New Zealand, whieh he reached on the 27th October, and an- chored in Dusky Bay, when they encountered a heavy storm, the effects of which required considerable repair, particularly of the Discovery. Another heavy gale oc- onnd a nt Pos- I excel- y, pos- ind the was ta- sty, the Sound, s-Royal vvay out (lost de- r. Neai mpauies covered s, some ledce of s of fire ill 'black or any )le, who at other ent, by as well the vil- another me mag- date, a>s to have ;he vici- ire, sut- td to re- e hollow hey had r of the diiiatiou olent to ed. to New and an- a heavy e repair, gale oc- ▼ANCOUVSR.— 1791. / 481 cufved OQ t)ie S^ and 29d, after which, very unexpcct- edl)[, Utfnir^qQa^ejt^di, nicely, a cluster of seven craj||7 islapa^ th^MTgea^^ latjtude 48 deg. 3 9U]b., Ipnip^^le ^^,n!^g|^ iBJii,, whicti had i|ot l^eo sf eQ bv CapUurCQ<)k^ Tlj^l«j^^rUe rocks (^^btaip V. denoipi- n^tea llie jS|^re«.. A|9^li^r new M^Hfjl wiis discovered oq ilie ^^ of Pfi^ceinber. in 215 deg. 39 nin. Se^erpil jp^iio^s, papie .ftff tp the abip^ jt»ut the natives woi^tl jaot go 'dia-tbQarjcl,. wiiile they used every solicitation ^to induce ^jff^^li^^ tq la^d. Qpe j|t ^|igtl| ventured on^boiord. , 'fj^ese.pepple were evidently of tbe Great South 3ea natiop, , boti^ ,ff om la^gm^ge and f^ similarity to tbe Frif^ndly |[fland«)r;s^ , Xwo or tbree pf them rieinained on- hpt^rd ■>^ly i^ii i>9U' : but so much was their attention distr^ctedf tpat ||iey could scarcely give an answer a^^tu tjhe nam^, pf tj|(e is]i|nd, or otherwise. It appeared on the wWle> !^>ait,b^:^ called it Oparo, bv which na^ie it is therefore distinguished by Captain Vancouver. The tops of six of the highest hills bore the appearance of for- tified places, resembling redoubts; having a sort of block- house, , in the shjip^ of an English elass-house, in the centre of each, with rows of palisadoes a considejrable way down the sides of the hills, nearly at equal distances. These, overhanging, seemed intended for advaifced works^ and apparently capable of defending the citadel by a few against a, i^umerous host of assailants. On all of them they noticed people, as if on duty, constantly mov- ing about. These were the only h^bitatipns they saw. On the 29th the Disjcovery K^aichejd Otabeilte, wlpere they had been expected in con^wanei^ce pi infofiiiation by an English vessel, which turned out .to be th^'jCbiaiK ham, that had ^epai^ated near Facile Harbour, ^d ar-- rived before them. The Chatham, during her sepaiaticMi, had seen several immaterial lands, named by Mr. Brlovigh- ton successively, Knighfs Island, (the same as The Snares of Captain Vancouver), Point Alison, Mount Patterson, The Two Sisters, and Cape Young. An island which he named Chatham Island, and the anchorage of which, in Skurmish Bay, was 48 deg. 49 min. latitude, and 183 deg. 25 min. longitude, was taken possession of in the nanie of his majesty. Here, having gone on shore, a number of the natives came about, held a conversation by signs and gestures, and readily received Mr. Brough- 4Ct2 V0YA0B8 ROtJNbTlit WORLD. \6n*§ prescnti. ^ttt woald myke no ^^Ldaki^, tht^ were yerV aniiQUs to Inve ihjiviutf Imi^ybm'^ tli^r hiMftetioiit/bat tliii>is thoiiglit fvi]^ihi%i^' N^tt^hg w'oiild pre^i^ on 1^ M^o^ert 4b |fh^,,1^^ ticleft ; but they not oiily i^eiid^y iii^tfpled, bnt' cf i^rie^ off^Hob tilings belonifing f6m jpaity, ibd'^ert^J^^^ tici^rly anxious to get Mri ^ni^tbrs Ibwnng-picce, Whteli he had fired, mttch llirtS%fttaifin. nay% hk uitaift»c;d'thte jodd opinio of fla sai^i^ %^y were, howev^r^ tDisw&l : lin itYidi ^ii l^e sO'Vi^ently, that traffi ,m Jdhhstdne Were Yeluctatitty bbHg^ t6 li^cf, ii df f th« gentleman having the charge of tlie b0at, which occS' iioned thei^iatives to fly, but not beibre oq6 of theiii bad aitfOttunatdy perished. , * On the Discovery anchoring, stie was sUrrotinded by canoes laden with the cbfintry produdtions. Captain V&ncbttver (bund that most of the friends be had left tUtire-in Xiti ifttk tdtead; Otoo, nbw called POnia^ey, Ui f0)iiit^ brotbe^s^ liAd sisters, Fot«toii,iuid his family, wi^ the only bf th^r ohiefs now liVioe. Captain V. aiid lilr. Bi Went on-^hore to fix on an digible siiot for tents, hnd' 16 piy'thetf lespects to his Otaheftean majesty. Hiey fouiiff Olobi'Pomarrey's son andiiow king, to be a boy &f abdiit nine dir ten yeari of tige. . He was carried on fheshottlders of d mi^, ind was4Blmhed in a pieOe of £ng- lish vsA cfloth; with otiiani^nts'of ^Sgeons* leatberslianging ifllver his'' shoulders. 'When th^ had approached within ahoni ekfbtpaces,th^y Were desired to stop; the present th^ had bl^nkjg^ was ^ilhibited ; aiid ilthough its nmgni- tude^ and the v^tu^ of the articles; 4ttontain«d, excited the alENniMilion or^e hy-standers in the 'highest degree, it was regatdtfd by Hiis ybnog nionareh wtth an appa- rently ttetn ^d ' cool indm^rence^ Ahdt some other ciiJ- renkmief^ a ratification of p^ce and mniual friendship being acknowledged on both sides, the different Ea- st- ag-piece, ayiiiM, it iitiS, ^ ted'libsti. eHfirili(i4 rdif the licb occa< theiti bad tinded by Captain ! had left '^oBbairey^ ibfamUY, lin V. and for tents, majesty, g, to be a Binricfd on ^ of £ng* rslianging led within le present its mai^ni- I, excited St degree, an appt> other C(i^ Uendship (rent £a- Tiifxumon in Ota/teite. '4^ sIV ■\\ ropeaa mrli^ iiH>mpotiQig ibc prcaent were* n^ little f^rp, preMDted W Qtoo ; Mil on* * liit hamlfi F^ll< ,tibcm,#r|iich ^t did v^iry litiirlHsr, Jm teiwiicel^(f€iU9c wiiiedi«te(y«ltC!r«di.^Mdkl^f< w|i(^.w9f,.to Ippf fre»ttcrilMusali|ft^i: phieK hnywi dept foir «i hoi»r» lie w^ p^ife^iy rfqovend. Cuptain V. e^dcaiiofiiid Hi persu^clj^^^p^ (Qf iW |M4{Con9eqii«iice of >iaibrMy# '^ chief on ||]i9 ipqipsed him of bciiig, a ftiaif)!^ felliipr, and tiot f i> ito, (aJpUy compa^ii^). Ob this il pM ^cr- inioed ta give hiin his own |vmy» and oiden wcfat civan to let him baye ta much brandy 9r ruoi ai ba^ibonU oaU for, which had completely the efiect^.lbr in^aweeb he ceased tp call for any. Pomarrey's ifatber, formerly called Happi^ ;b9w Tfwv* also came to, a visit, and a. most affectionate intervievi tookplac^ between the three sons and their aged and venerable iather. A very different scene wi|s af&tpaidt exhibited. It was announced that Otoo was approncb- ing^ Qn thjs occasion it became necessity that the grandiiitber sbpidd pay, homage to bis grandson^ A pig and a plaintain-leaf were instantly procured ; tbe good old man stripped to the waist, and wben Otoo app^ved in the front of the nwrquee, the aged |Ni|«nt, , whose limbs were tottering with the decline of life; met his grandson, and on his knees acknowledged so far'as could be discovered, seemed offered with a mixture of profound respect and jparental regard. The ceremony seemed to have little effect on the young mq^ narch, ¥^ appeared, to notice the humiliating situatioi^ of his grandsire with' tbe most perfect indifference and unconcern, this mode of behaviour is, however, rather to be attributed to the force of education, than to a want of the proper sentiments of affection. On the 14th a message was received of the death of Mahow, at Oparre, which district was, for some davs,. y2 4S4 VOYAO&8 ROUNI^ tHt WORLD. bf«r fiitfigiooi interdict, f6tatea. M«fWf«v th^ sovefei||(liof Ul«atea,' Who utteiided ihein, on a|i)il'oittMn^ this'^aeved ^t, -deftired the j^artjr ^diild fMp^ltitit'h^ slietild'addresflf'tfae Etttdoi. Thieii, seating iiltilielf on thtf ||«t^ttiid,'>he hc^^ni^Vinjtbcfore'a wttta, •manMiW wwi a * pie«e '■ at ' Wddd, fndififettiitly carvied, i»tt>Uiiidifiii'asj>laiNid, ifbr thie! ocrge)««d'" Brivartie," which Were ft«qnent^^ dt^^Med'. When these introdtictory ceremdriies Were tinbir^, 'Mdh afters cahoe, i^overed With an awiling, «ira$ seen cottring'fronf the Westward, paddlitig in a slow and Sdlcmn inaiMI^ tdWards the tdorai. In whiiih was the corpfe of th« d«CMfted chicff. On their e^tpressing great anxiety to a^e' PM^arrcy, fdr the purpose of obtaining pentiission to attend the buiid ceremony, thfey were in- ibimied that hewai gbneto the tt^orai, but would hav^ no dbjeCtiott to their beittg preimi^t. They proceeded ; and near to the rivuleiytlnit 9o«irs by Urritiiab's house, they saw the queen-mother, Fier-re-te, ahd the wid6w of the deceased Mahow. sitting Htl in tears i and, fh the par- olysms oi their affliction, wounding their headswifh the jiharks' teeth they had prepared 'the preceding evening. The widow had a small spot shaved on the Crown of her head, which was bloody, and bore other evideiit marks of having frequently undergone the cruel effect of her despair. The body of Mahow, wrapped in English red V A NCOV VB A.---17M. -Mlft Ml with Nurty of ade an inlands, kitatea. lein, on ivdiild seating I ivttta, carved, of cloth t liantes ei))eated I visited e** (that qtiently fts were of the eared to rtaining lament nguage, except d by a ■ way to awning, a ^low was the ig great staining vrere in- Id have; seeded; se, they V of the hb par' Irith the v Becrety, that- on n^ account could the gentlemien be permitted to attend, aK though it was most earnestly requested. In consequence of a message from Pomarrey, Captain Vancouver ai>d Messrs. Broughton and Whid bey went to Oparre, to assist at the mourning for the death o4^Mahow» The concern here of the relatives was by no means such as might have been expected from their tender regard to the chief when alive. The corpse was laid dn the tape- paoo, which seemed to have been erected for the express purpose, about a quarter of a utile to the eastward of the grand moral, (or, as it is caliedj ** tapoolapootatea^O t and appeared to be then undergoing the latter pmrt of the embalming process, in the same manner as described by Captain Cook in the instance of Tee. The body waii exposed to the sun ; and on their approach the covering was taken olT, which exhibited the corpse in a very advanced state of putrefaction. The skin shone very bright with the coCoa-nut oil with which it had been anointed, and which they understood waa highly impregnated with ** aehigh,'' or sWeet->sCented wood. One of the arms and a leg being moved, thcf joints ap- peared perfectly flexible. The extremely offensive ex- halations that were emitted, rendered it hatttral to con- clude, that the whole mass would soon be completely decomposed ; but,, if credit itiay be given to their asser- 4M VOTAOBS ROUND THE' WORLD. tlosi, which were indubitmbly ednfirmed bj tjkit remains of Tec, ud to which the captmin could b^r teitimony, this will not be the case. Pomarrey informed them, the corpse was to remain a month in |his place ; then a month was to be employed in its visiting some of the wMern districts; after which it was to.be removed to Tiaraboo for another month; whence it was to be carried to Morea, and there finally deposited with his forefiithem in the raorai of the family. In the course of a few months after its arrival there, it would gradually begin to moulder away, but by such verjr >low i^rees, that several months would elapse before the body would be entirely cohsumeci. The boat's crew were ranged before the paling that encompassed the tapapaoo ; a piece of red cloth from them was given to the widow, who spread it over the dead body ; some vol- lies were then fired, and the captain was directed to pro- nounce " Tera no oea Mabow,'' that is, Fot you Mabow. On some rain fidling, the body was taken under cover and ciirefullv wrappied up. lliey proceeded to an ex- cellent new house of Whvtooa% where they dined, and returned- to Matayai with too large hogs, presented on this mournful occasion by the widow of Maliow. . A serious theft of a larve quantity of linen belonging to Mr. Broughton, as well as two axes, now demanded the most rigorous inquiry. An additional mortification happened on the 21st. Towereroo, a Sandwich islander (brought out from England in the Discovery,) had, in the course, pf the . preceding night, found means to elope from the ship« After much trouble of investigation, and some coercion, on the 23d the three royal brothers brought back Towereroo, with a variety of expiatory prjesenta.. The linen there appeared now no prospect of recovering, without both losing time ;and having recourse to unpleasant measures; it was, therefore, resolved to depart without it; presents as usUal were distributed, and the separa^on took place with the utmost harmony. Omai, it seems, bavins died without children, the house which Captain Cook had built for him^ the lands that were p^rchased, and the hotse, which was still alive, together with such European commodities as remained at his death, all descended to Matuarro, as king of the island; and, when his majesty Js at hoine, Ofnai's house is his constant residence. From Matuarro they VAJfCOuvEB.^1792. ,487 lauroed,^t|iat Omai was much respected, and that he' fre- quently afforded great entertainmeat to him, and the other chieff, with the accounts of his tiayeU« and de- scribing the- various countries, objects* &c, th^|[,']iad ifallen under his observation ; and that he died uhiveir- Mlly regretted and lamented. His death, as well as ibat of the two Kew SSealand boys left with him by CapUan Cook, was occasioned by a disorder that is attended py a large kwelling in the throat, of which very few recover. On the 24th January, the Discovery and Chatham di- rected their course to the northward, for the first time pointing their heads towards the grand object of tbe ex- pedition. On the 2d February passed Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Islands, and were honoured by a visit from Tianna, the personage mentioned in Mr. Mears's voyMpe, who, since his return from China, had taken part with Tamaahmaah against Teamawheere, and, being victo- rious, these too chiefs had agreed to share the govern- ment. Tianna was taken on-board to go on tb^^the Leeward Islands. Tareehooa, who preferred the name of Jack, having been with Mr. Ingram commanding an American ship, laden with furs, from North-West Ame- rica, bound to Boston by the way of China, was desirous of continuing on-board the Discovery^ and to proce^ tfie voyage, which, with consent of the ibhief, was' complied with. After passing some desolate islands, the Disco- very anchored, on the 7th of March, in a bay caQed VVhykete, south of the Island of Woahoo, on good and safe ground. Some of the inhabitants went on-board, and were exceedingly orderly and docile, which ap- peared the more remarkable, as they had formerly bieen represented as the most daring and unmanageable of any in the Sandwich Isknds. ,;'!; J Their new ship-mate. Jack, became very useful) he ^took upon him to represent them in the most fbrmimble point of view to all his countrymen; magnifying their powers and numbers, and proclaiming that they were not traders, such as they had been accustomed to see ; but were belonging to King George, and were all mighty warriors. This* being his constant discourse, it is not to be wondered that his countrymen became much intimidated ; and, as this could be productive of no ill consequences, t tie y permitted Jack to proceed in his encomiums, and ▼OTAOB8 ROUND TH^ WORLD. uttanimously agreed it would D'<^t be hii fiuilt If they were not Ilk high repute auioD|tt the iilanden. like natives having ikiled in nupplying water at ex- pceted, Captain Vancouver set saif, on the 8tlif fpr At- tioWii^ where he understood it was to be |iad without difficulty. Whyhetee Bay lies in latitude 21 deg. 16 dfitt. 4t sec, longitude 2. VANCOUVER.— -17©2. 401 year, visited the coast, and these vessels, his Catholic ma- jesty's brig the Sutii, under the command of Seigiior Don D. Galiaiio, with the schooner Mexicana, commanded by Seignor Don C.Valdes, both captains of frigates in the Span- ish navy, had sailed from Acapulcoon the 8th of March, in order to prosecute discoveries on thiscoasi. From these gentlemen Vancouver understood, that Seignor Quadra, the commander-in-chief of the Spanish marine at St. Bias and at California, iv«s, with three frigates and a brig, waiting his arrival at Nootka, in order to negociate the restoration of those territories to the crown of Great Britain. Theii conduct was replete with that politeness and friendship which characterize the Spanish nation • every kind oi useful information they cheerfully commu- nicated, and obligingly expressed much desire, that cir- cumstances might so concur as to admit their respective labours being carried on together. The 17th of August they were suddenly surprised by the arrival of a brig off tlie entrance of the cove, under English colours. She was the Venus, belonging to Ben- gal, of ilO tons burthen, commanded bv Mr. Shephetd, kist from Nootka, and bound on a tradmg voyage along these shores. By him they received the pleasant tidings of the arrival of the Daedalus 8tore-ship» laden with a supply of provisions and sitores for their use ; and he ac- quainted Mr. Baker, that Seignor Quadra was waiting with the greatest impatience to deliver up the settlement and ter- ritories at Nootka. Mr. Shepherd had brought with him a < letter from Mr. Thomas Nfcwmaster of the Daedalus, in- forming Vancouver of a most distressing and melancholy event. Lieutenant Hergest, the comoiander, Mr. Wil- liam 66och, the astronomer, with one of the seamen be- longing to the Daedalus, had been murdered by the in- habitants of Woahoo,. whilst on-shore procuring water at that island. r August 18tb they proeeeded from the last station,, namely. Point Menzies, in latitude 52 deg. 18 min., lon- gitude 232 degp 66 min., and on the 28tb arrived off Nootka Sound. The Chatham, by the partial clearing of the fog, had found her way in. some time before ; the Daedalus store-ship, and a small merchant-brig called the Three Brothers, of London, commanded by Lieutenant Alder of the navy, were also there at anchor. Seignor Quadra, with several of his othcers,. came on-rboard the- 492 VOYAGES ROUND THE WOBLDe Discovery, on the 29tb, wlic!#e they breakfasted, and were saluted with thil>teen guns on their arrival and de- parture; the day was afterwards spent in ceremonious offices of civility, with much harmony and festivity. Maquinna, the native chief of Nootka, Who was present on this occasion, had early in the morning, from being unknown to theiki, been prevented coming on-board the Dicovery by the sentinels and the officer on deck, as there was not in his appearance the smallest indication of his superior rank. Of this indignity he had com- plained in a most angiy manner to Seignor Quadra, who very obligingly found means to soothe him. Some difficulties now occurred in respect to the parti- culars of the restitution, but after written and verbal cor- respondence, it was agreed that fiie objections on both sides should be referred to the respective courts. Seig^ nor Quadra, however, having thereafter made further ob» jections, an additional correspondence took place; but the Spanish officer insisting, and being positively resolved to adhere to certain principles proposed by him as to the restitution, tO which Captain Van- c^mver could not accede, the latter acquainted him that be should consider Nootka as a Spanish port, and requested his permission to carry on the necessary em- ployments on-shore, which he very politely gave, with the most friendly assurance of every service and kind uAice in bis poWer. It was not till the lath of October that the Discovery sailed from Nootka, with the Chatham and Daedalus store-ships, bound to the southtvard. November 15th discovered anchora|[e in a most excellent small bay. The herds of cattle and flocks of sheep grazing on the surrounding bills^ were a sight they had long been stran- gers to, and brought many pleasing reflections. On hoisting the colours at sun-rise, a gun was fired, and in a little time afterwards se vetal people were se?c on horse- back, coming from behind the hills down to the beach, who waved their hats, and made other signals for a boat, which was immediately sent to the shore, and on its return they were favoured with the company of a priest of tlie order of St. Francisco, and a Serjeant in the Spanish army to break- fast. The good friar, aft^r pointing out the most conve- nient spot for procuring wood and water, and repeating hospitable offers, in the name of the fathers of the Fran- VANCOUVEK.--1792. 493 ciscan order, retMrned to the mission of St. Francisco, which they understood was at no great distance/ and to wiiich he gave them the most pressing invitation. Whilst engaged in allotting to the people their differ- ent employments, some saddled horses arrived from the commandant, with a very cordial invitation; which was accepted by the captain and some of the officers. They rode up to . the Presidio, an appellation given to their fflilitstry establishments in this country, and signifying a safe-guard. The residence of the friars is called a mis- The Spanish soldiers composing the earrisoo sion. amounted to thirty-five, who, with their wives, families, and a few Indian servants, composed the whole of the inhabitants. On the left of the church is the comman- der's house, consisting of two rooms and a closet only, which are divided by massy walls, and communicating with each other by very small doors. Between these apartments and the outward wall was an excellent poultry- house and yard, which seemed pretty well stocked ; uid between the roof and ceilings of the rooms was a kind of lumber garret ; these were all the conveniences the ha- bitation seemed calculated to afford. On approaching it they found his good lady, who, like her spouse, had passed resenting a dull, heavy, and stupid countenance, devoid of sensibility or the least expres- One of their greatest aversions is cleanliness. sion. both in jlheir persons and habitations, which, after the fashion of their forefathers, were still without the inost trivial improvement. Their houses were of a conical form, about six or seven feet in diameter at their base, and are constructed by a number of stakes, chiefly of the willow tribe, which are driven erect into the earth in. a circular manner, the upper ends of which being small and pliable, are brought nearly to join at the top, in. the centre bfthe circle. On the 25th, they set sail for Monterrey, where they found the Daedalus, and also Seignor Quadra, with his broadpendant on-board the brig Acteon^ He, as well as the acting governor, Seignor Anquilla, both behaved in the most friendly and liberal manner. Among the ar- ticles obtained here, were^ live cattle and , sheep, to be transp<^rted to the Sandwich Islands, and Port Jackson, New South Wales, whither Lieutenant Hanson sailed in the Daedalus, with dispatches fi»r Commodore Phillipi, having directions to cul at Otaheite, to receive on-board 21 English seamen, who had been cast away ia that neighbourhood. Mr. Brooghton also with the assistance VANCOUVER.— 1793. 49fr of Seignor Quadra, M^as enabled to proceed to England tbroogli New Spain, with dispatches to the Admiralty containing accounts of the hitherto transactions of the voyage, Mr. Puget being appointed to the command of the Cluithani. They sailed on the 14th of January, and on the 12fh of February arrived off the north-east point of Owhyhee. Having, on the 21st of February, reached Tyahtsftooa, Captain Vancouver was honoured with a visit from To- maahmaah, the king of the island of Owhyhee, a chief of an 6p%n, cheerful, and sensible mind, combined with great generosity and goodness of disposition. He wa& accompanied by John Young, an English seaman, who possessed much influence with him. The queen and some of his majesty's relations also visited on-board. The sole object was to invite and intreat their proceed* ing to Karakakooa. They were much pleased with the decorum and ge- neral conduct of this royal party. Though it consisted of many, yet not one soliciteaeven the most inconsideraBle article, nor did they appear to have any expectation of receiving presents. Being determinea that notbhag should be wanting to preserve the harmony and good un- derstanding that seemed to have taken place between them, and having learned from Young, that the royal vi- sitors did not entertain the most distant idea of accept- ing any thing from the captain, until they had first set the example ; he considered this a good opportunity to manifest a friendly disposition towaras them, by presents suitable to their respective ranks and situations. Ac- cordingly, such articles were distributed as they knew were likely to be highly acceptable to the whole party» This distribution being finished, and the whole party made very happy, the king, in addition to what he had before received, was presented with a scarlet cloak, that reached from his neck to the ground, adorned with tinsel lace, trimmed with various coloured gartering tape, with blue ribbons to tie it down the front. The looking- glasses bdng placed opposite to each other, displayed at once the whole of his royal person; tliis filled him 'vith rapture* and so delighted him, tliat the cabin could scarcely contain him. His exstacy produced capering, and he soon cleared the cabin of niaiiy of their visitors. \ 496 VOYAGES ROUND TH? WORLD. whose nuiubers bad rendered it very hot and unpleasant. He himself soon followed, and after strutting some little time upon deck, exposed himself in tliremost conspicuous places, seemingly with the greatest indifference, though in reality for the sole purpose of attracting the admira- tion and applause of his subjects. Next morning they reached Karakakooa, the residence of Tamaahmaah ; from whence, before the ship was well secured, eleven large canoes put off from the shore with great order, and formed two equal sides, of an obtuse triangle. The largest canoe being in the angular' point, was rowed by eighteen paddles on each side ; in this was his Owhyhean majesty, dressed in a printed linen gown, that Captain Cook had siven to Terreoboo ; and the most elegant feathered cloak they liad yet seen, com- posed principally of beautiful bright yellow feathers, and reaching from his shoulders to the ground, on which it trailed. On his head he wore a very handsome helmet, and made altogether a very magnificent appearance. His canoe was advanced a little forward in the proces- sion, to the actions of which the other ten strickly at- tended, keeping the most exact and regular time with their paddles, and inclining to the right or left, agree- ably to the directions of the king, who conducted the whole business witli a degree of adroitness and uniform- ity, that manifested a knowledge of such movements and manoeuvre, far beyond what could reasonably have been expected. Iii this nmnner he paraded round the vessels with a slow and solemn motion. This not only added a great dignity to the procession, but gave time to the crowd of canoes alongside to get out of the way. He now ordered the ten canoes to draw up in a line under their stern, whilst, with the utmost exertions of his pad< dlers, he rowed up along the starboard side of the ship, and though the canoe was going at a very great rate, she was in an instant stoppoth sides came forward, guarded by a number of men armed with spears of great length, called pallalooa. These weapons are never relinquished but by death, or captivity ; the former is the most common. They are not barbed,; but reduced to a small point, and though not very sharp, yet are capable of giving deep And itaortai wounds by the Voi^and manner with which they are used. The missive ^ars are all barbed about six inches from the point, and are generally from seven to eight feet long. ^ The warriors armed ^itL the paflalooa now advanced with a considerable degree of order, and a sceue of very diiferent exploits commenced ; presenting, in comparison to what before had been exhibited, a wonderful degree of improved knowledge in military evolutions. This body of men, composing several ranks, formed in close and regular order, constituted a firm and compact pha- lanx, which in actual service was not easily to be broken. Having reaciied the spc>f in contest, they sat down on the ground about thirty ydrds asunder, and pointed their pallaloos at each other. After a short interval of silence, a conversation commenced, and Taio was supposed to state his opinion respecting peace and war. The argu* ments seemed to be argued and supported with equal energy on both sides. When peace under certain stipu- iations was proposed, the pallaloos were inclined to- wards the ground, and when war was announced, their points were raised to a certain degree of elevation. Both parties put on the appearance of being much upon their guard, and to watch each other with a jealous eye, whiht this negociation was going forward ; which, however, not terminating amicably, their respective claims re- mained to be decided by the fate of a battle. Nearly at the same instant of time they all arose, and, in close columns, met each other by slow advances. This move- ment they conducted with much order and regularity, frequently shifting their ground, and guarding with great circumspection against the various advantages of their VANCOVVBR.— 1788. Ml Opponents; whilst the inferior bands were supposed i be engaged on each wing with spears and «Ungs. Tti« success of the ^ntest^ however, seemed to depend en^ tirely on those with the pslMoot, who firmly (tisputed every inch of the gruuiid» by parrying each oftber's lunges with the greatest deMtcnty, ontfl some to the left of Ti- teeree's bentre feib This greatly encouraged Tamaah- maah's party, wbo^ misbkig forward with shouts and great impetuosity, broke the ranks of their opponents, and vic- tory was declared for the arms of Owfayhee, by the supposed death of several of the eMfeiy ; these at length retreated ; and, on being more cidRIy pressed, the war was decided by the supposed death of Titeeree andTaio; and those who had the honour* of personating these chiefs, were, Uke those before, dragged in triumph by the heels over no small extent of loose sandy beach, to be presented to the victorious Tamaahmaab, and for the supposed purpose of being sacrificed at his morai. These poor fellows, like those before-mentioned, bore their treatment with the greatest good-humour. Having sailed from Owhyhee, they arrived on the 10th of March off Mowee, of which some parts were cultivated and inhabited, others the reverse. Besides the attempts to consolidate a peace with the other islands. Captain Vancouver's great object here was to investigate the murders of Lieutenant Hergest, and Mr. Gooch, at Maokoo. About noon next day, they hadthecompany of a chief named Tomokomoho, who said he was younger brother to Titeeree, and that he had come, by bis orders, to conduct them to the best anchorage nt Babeina, where Titeeree himself would shortly meet them. On the 13th they were honoured with the presence of Titeree, who was considered as king of all the islands to the leeward of Owhyhee ; and that from him Taio de- rived his authority. He came boldly alongside, but entered the ship with a sort of partial confidence, accom- panied by several chiefs; he was greatly debilitated and emaciated; and, from the colour of hisskin, they judged his feebleness to have been brought on by an exces- sive use of the ava. Amongst the articles presented to him on tliis occasion, was a cloak, similar to those given ft02 VOYAOK8 ROUND THB WORLD TamaahmMh ; this highly delighted him ; and he was also well pleased with the other presents lie rtceived The royal party appearing to be peirftq^ly satisfied of their friendly intentions, the captain dcMided of Titee- ree what offence had been coniBMtt«d by Uw late Mr. Her* gest and Mr. Gooch, to occasion tMr Wing been put to death 1 To this question they;«ll ffi^Ued^ tati neither of those gentlemen, nor any olfecr Miion belongiiw to the Daedalus, had, to their knowledgc^lieei guilty ^faiJiy offence whatever. He then requested to^iJinow, what was the reason of their. living been murdered; and who was the chief that gave oraisrs for that purpose 1 This Ques- tion was also answered by the solemn declaration of the whole party, that th||e was no chief present on that melancnoly occasion; Jor was any chief in the least de- gree concerned ; liiit'lnat the murder was committed by a lawless set of ill-minded men ; and that the instant Ti- teeree had become acauainted with the transaction, he had ordered all those who had been principallv concerned to be put to death; and, in consequence of his direction, three of the offenders had suffered that punishment. He then desired to know, if three people only had been con- cerned ? The king replied, that many were present at the time, but that only three or four more were con- cerned in the murder ; who would likewise have suffered death, had they not found means to escape to the moun- tains, where they had secreted themselves for some time; but that he understood they had returned and were now living on or near an estate belonging to Tomolio- moho. After some further interchange of civilities, and much uegociation respecting the wish^-for peace. Captain Vancouver sailed from Mo wee the 18th of March, having Tomohomoho on.board, and on the 20th reached Why- teetee, in Woahoo. One double canoe only made its appearance. In this came James Coleman, one of the threu men they found last year, left by Mr. Kendrick, at ; Attowai. The 21st, Coleman, witn Tomohomoho and Tennavee, came on-board. The two chiefs desired the ca|>tain would attend them into the cabin ; where, after shutting all the doors, they informed him that the man ^ho had ipurdered Mr, Hergcst, with two others who VANCOVVBB.— 1798. 603 liad betn equally active add guilty, weie in the forepart t>f the canoe, and that ao time shonM be lost is iccuring them, Icit ainy thing should transpire, and they should again mnke Mr oacapeiV On the TOA, a few of the nativci were nbont tfaH ship, but not so nmtty u on the former days. AUtor Iwinkfiist, Coleman, with Tomoho- mobon^ TleilBnfia^'^'CiHM on-board. The two latter denmndM tlH iMMdilte eieoution of the prisoners. This, Jioweve|^ iljAiot complied with, as it was deemed .l^ht that they ^uld again be accused by their own cniefsVin the pi^ience of alt the witnesses, of the crime with which they stood charged; in #der, if possible, to draw from them a confession of thefr guilt, and to renew the opportunity which before ba^been given them, of producmg some evidence in pr«R of their innocence. Nothing, however, could be ext4[ted from any of them, hm that they were totally ignoraniifnf any such circum- stances having ever happenMl on the island. This very assertion amounted almost to self-conviction, as it is not easy to believe, that the execution of their comrades, by Titeeree's orders, for the same offence with which they had been ehnrged, had not oome to their know- ledge, or that it could have escaped their recollection. Neither the captain nor the officers discovered any rea- son, from the result of this further examination, to retract or alter their former opinion of their guilt, or of delivering them ovtr to their own people, to be dealt With according to the directions of tneir chief. That the ceremony might be made as solenm and awful as possible, a guard of seamen and marines were drawn up on that side of the ship opposite to the shore, where, alongside of the ship, a canoe was stationed for the execution. The rest of the crew were in readiness at the great guns, lest any disturbance or commotion should arise. One ceremony, however, remained yet to be performed. Qne of these unfortunate men had Ions hair ; this it was necessary should be cut from his head before he was execisted, for the purpose of being pre- sented, as a custoio^sary tribute on such occasions, to the king of the island. They were shocked at the want of fieeling exhibited by the two chiefs at this awful moment, who, in the rudest manner, not only cut off the hair, but, in the presence of the poor suffering wretch, without the »04 VOYAOfS BOVND THB WORLD. least Qomi^iftMioa lar biB titaatibli,; 4UpaAQd and Mtoft for: |t|M^liQiioiir,pCpi4(Miiling'tiie |irifl(e«tb tjh^ Jung. The 9dii Mvvr^tttllNil'biiUM witlilifc piitol; «piii«iiiiieular iihovld . Wiiui ioolioory; He iiud ao diBxt«f()Usly>watf'tlie that iilei^ed Iwitb tlMBqwort aiotiott see aiod almoit JMii^dNK The tif o dhieft* were anaiaua that intenrievT iMtureea tie cUpliMn aod appeamd to be aboq||thii1^^thiwVean oiFage^ bis cdim^ tenaoce iwas fallen awl »educed» bis emaoialid frame was In a most debilttatci^cQlnditikiB^ «Bd hewas so tctally deprived of .Um ase^jpislegsi^tbat faewas iipder tbe necessity of Jieiog <^anpd' abikit bhe an intet. , ^a Some df the if\itmn next diay^ wbdi about midway betweeii Woafaoo and Attdwiaa, toolc an^ iupportiiiiity^ tb ▼fsit tlic ship. The feiemost of f bene, undertaidne so distant a voyage m a single eanoe, much atthitted tneir attention ; on littr coming alongkide, she proved to be witliout ^xcfepiiontkc ilaast««no^ tfaey^'had seen amongst these inlands. This vessel was tiitv-'One ibiit and a. Half long, exoatding* iby Ibii^ feat' and a b^lf, tlic lareest canoes of Owhybee ; entered on a small area before the door of the house, or apartment to which the ladder belonged. Here they found four oi^ the natives posted, each bearing a rude weapon made of iron, not unuke a. dagger. They only permitted Mr. Johnstone to look about him, and seemed much averse to his entering the house, which Jie prudently did not iusilt upmi ; but so far as he was able to observe withiit doors, their iiUenrtil arrangements dif- fered little or nothing €rom the aoittestio economy ofihe Indians already seen oh tlie ahotofts of North-w||es|^d with the wishes of the former party, VANCOUVER. — 1703. A07 who imm4*diately equipped themselves in their war-gar* inenti, aud their spears, which had lain in the bottom of their canoes^ were now got to hand, and couched in an inclined position, with their points towards the new comers. Thus prepared^ they advanced slowly to meet them, making most violent and passionate speeches, which were answered! in a similar tone of voice, by some per- sons who stood up in the large canoe; They continued to paddle with /migih regularity towards each other; yet those who had now entered the harbour, did not appear to be so hostilely inclined as those who had already oc- cupied the port; as the lances of the former, though in readiness for action, were not disposed in a way so me- nacing. On a nearer apprdach, they rested on their paddles, and entered into a parley ; and we could then observe, that all those who stood up in the larse canoe were armed with pistols or blunderbusses, very bnght, and in good order. Their conversation seeming to haye ended in a pacific way, the opposing party returned with their new comets, who, on passing by the Chatham, laid doi^n their arms ; but just as they, came alongside the Disco- verv, one of the chiefs who had been on-board, drew with much liaste, from within the breast of his war- gar- ment, a hirge irpn dagger, and appeared to be extremely irritated, by soinething that had been said b^ those ^n, the large canoe, who again, with great coolness, took up their pistols and blunderbusses; but on an explanation appearing to be made, their arms were again returned to their piroper places ; their pistols and ammunition were carefi^ily wrapped up, and a perfect recopciliatioin seemed to hsive taken place on both sides. The survey wm continued sedulously till the 4Ui of October, ^h^Q hoth vessels returned to Nootka. The usual cereinonies of salutes^ and other formalitiei having passed, accompanied by Mr. Puget, Vaucouver waited on Senr. Saavadrsi, the cpmrnandant of the port ; Mfho saijfl|, that he liiao z2 i^ VOYAGES KOUNO THE WORLD. wirith m boat was dispalohecl tbUlieK, aiid rnimcdiaf^ly returned with their civil and attentive friend, Seignor ' Sal; who, in addition to the offert of bis services and hoBpitalitv» g^tified them by commiinicating the mterest- tog intelligence of the state of Europe, up to so lale' a date as the preceding Februai^. After supper he retired to the shore, i»nd the next movniog the ct^taiu received from hfffi two letters ; the one reqw^stittg, in an official form^ ^at he would acquaint him i#|ifriting of his ar- rival in Port St, Francisco ; of the supplies he should want, and of the time he intended to reniain in that port ; the other elating that, under the superior orders by which alone his cimduct could be go\^>ned, he was obliged to make known, that no individual couil be permitted to come on-shore, but forthepurposes of pro- curing wood and water, excepting the captain and one officer, ^r midshipman, who might pas$ to the presidio, wliere the^ should be received and attei^ded as on Yheir former visit. These restrictions were of a nature so unexpected, un- gracious, and degrading, that they could not but consi- der them as little short of a dismission from St. Francisco. In 'proceeding towards Monterrey, they made so little progress, that they were still at no great dtslaace from St. Francisco next morning, the 25th ; when a vessel was descried to the north- north-west ; and, on standif^ towards her, she proved to be the IHedalua. On the 1st of November, they reached Monterrey with the Daedalus. Having anchored before another Spanish establish- ment, Vancouver sent Lieutenant Swaine to inform the commanding officer at the presidio of thdr arrival. The next morning, accompanied by Lieutenants Pu- gent and Hanson, Vancouver paid his respects on shore to Seignor Don Phelipe Ooycochea^ the commandant of the establishment of Santa Barbara, and lieutenant in the Spanish inihntry. The pleasing MKsiety of ^eir good friemis at the mission and presidb, was augmented by the arrival of Friar Vincente Sta. Maria, one tif the reviprend fathers of the mission of Buena Vientura ; situated about seven leagues iVom hence, on the sea-coast to the south- eastward. At eight in the evening they anchored in fifleen fathoms water, about a tenj|;ue to the westward of Buena V ANCOrVER— 1794. 509 Ventura. Their reverend friend expressed great sfttisftie^ tion at the mode of his return to the mission ; and said, tikat lir» voyage hither would prohably lay the fonndfeition for rtooving t\k absurd awl deep-rooted pr^t^ioe that had ever exited amongst the several tribes of Indians in hh nejghbMirhood, who, fMn their curliest infhney, had invarilibty regarded adk atfattgers as their enemies. On their etite*iif^' the nfissien^ they were received by PatHer Francisco Dume, and entertained in a manner that proved the great respectability of the Franciscan order. The nMtnlag, which wai most delightfalty plrasant, WAS employed iivviewing the huiklitaga of die mission, the arnittgcmcfit ef' the gatden* and cultivated land in its immediate vicinage^ Theae aH appeared to be in a very soperior style to any of the ne\^ settlements they bad yet se^i, and would bftve tempted a move minute in- ^■iry, had wit aia amxions de»ife for proceeding oiy- watd prohibited the dehiy it wonld neoe8sai% have occasioned. Oil the 0th reached' St» I>ieg% and di^atched Lieu- tenant dWttine to tike presidio, m order to inform the coiniBandiiig officer of their arrival ; and to inquire if any dispatcher ibe them' had been entmsiled to bis caire or if be hnew of any that, had'pasaed this statieci on their, way to Monterrey. A continuation of southerly winds ciiiised them to be detaMked, o«tttraity td espectation, until Monday the 9th, when they quitted the pert of St. Diego, The fourth examtaatien of the coast was a matter anx- iously wished by Giqitam Vancouver ; hut it would have exceeded tlK strict ktter of hb instructions, and uught possibly have excited additional jeatousy in: the breast of tke Spanish acting governor. Notliittg of coneecpiieace occurred till their Arrival, on the Bthi of January, 1794, at Owhyhee, off the Bay of Whyeaiea, where* their rettirif was proclaimed by shouts <^f joy, and they were visited by Tamaahmaah, rejoiced to meet his fHe»d»at this his favourite part of the island ;^ but, it beiaf f»und imore proper to proceed to Karaka- kooav the hing^ m^twithstanding a strict taboo, chnsented to accompany Captain Vancouver ih the ship. Among the visitors onboard, Tahowmana4n« the king's wife, did not appear, a separation having t«ken place, in 510 VGTAOBS ROOND T»kS WORLD. ooMequeoce. of ft supposed intimacy between her and Tlaoiia* Their course was now directed round the east point 4>f .the island, along its south-east side; they made u tolerably good progress ; and as they passed the district of Opoona, on the 11th, the weather being very clear and pleasant, they had a most .excellent view of Mowna .Roa's snowv summit, and the range of the low^r hills that extend towards the east end of Owhybee. From "the tops of these, several columns of smoke were seen to ascend, which Tamaahmaah said, were occasioned by the subterraneous fires that frequently broke out in vio- lent eruptions, causing amongst the natives such a multi- plicity of superstitious notions, as to give rise to a religious order of persons, who perform volcanic rites. As they worked into the bay of Karakakooa, many of the inhabitants were assembled on theshores, who an- nounced their congratulations by shouts of joy ; many of their former friends, particularly of the fair sex, lost no time in testifying the sincerity of the public sentiment in their favour. Young and Davis they had likewise the pleasure of finding in the exercise of those judicious prin* ciples they had so wisely adopted, and which, by their example and advice, had so uniformly been caitied into eflTect On Thursday the 30th, they were favoured witli the company of Terree-my-tee, Crymamahoo, Tianna, and some other chiefs, from the d^jitant parts of the island. Their arrival had been in consequence of a summons from the king, who had called the erand council of the island; on the subject of its cession to the crown of ' Great Britain, which was unanimously desired. These chiefs brought intelligence, that a quantity of timber, which had been sent for at the captain's request, was on its way hither; it had been cut down under the direction - of an Englishman, named Boyd, formerly mate of the sloop Washington, but who had relinquished that way of life^ and had entered into the krvice of Tamaahmaah He appeared in the character of a shipwright, and had undertaken' to build, with these inaterials, a v«issel for the king, after the European fashion; but both himself and his comrades, Young and Davis^ were fearful of ' eucpuift^ring \9q m«ny difiiculties; especially as they ▼ANCOVyBB.-^1794» &H were all miscb it ft loss in the first outset, tli«t of laying down the keel. This afforded Vancouver an opporto- nity of conferring on Tamfiaboiftah a fiivour that hr valued for beyond every other obligation, by p^trniittin^ bis carpenters to begin the vessel i from whose eiample, and the assistance of these three engineers, he was i^ hopes that bis people would hereafter be able to buil^ boats and small vessels for themselves. On Saturdanr^ the 1st of February, tbey laid down the keel, and began to prepare the frame-work of his Owhyhean majesty'i first man-of-war. The length of its keel was thirtyrsix feet, the extreme breadth of the vesjel nine feet and a quarter, and the depth of her hold about five feet; her name was to be The Britannia, and wa» intended as a protection to the royal person of Tamaahmaah ; and few circumstances in his life ever afforded him more satis- fiiction. V ^ Some solemn religious rites being now to take place. Captain V. had frequently expressed to Tamuihmaab a desire of being present on some of these occasions ; and he now informed him he had obtained the consent of the priests, provided he would, during the continuance of the interdiction, attend to all the restrictions wb?ch their religion demanded. The restraints imposed con- sisted chiefly in four particulars : first, a total seclusion from the company of women ; secondly, partaking of no food but such as was previously consecrated ; thirdly, being confined to the land, and not being afloat or wet with sea- water; and fourtbly* not receiving, or even touching, the most trivial article from any one who bad uot attended the ceremonies at the moral. These re- strictions were considered necessary to be observed by the whole of the party resident on shore; and about sun- set they attended the summons of the king at the morai, who was there officiating as hiffh priest, attended .by some of the principal residents of their religious orders, ciiantin;: an invocation to the settins-sun. Their prayers seemed to have some regularity and form, and thev did not omit to pray for the welfare of his Britannic majesty, and their safe and happy return to their native country. A certain degree of order was perceptible throughout these ceremonies, accompanied by many superstitious and - )ii)'sterious formalities; amongst whtch, a very principal 612 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD one was performed about the dawn of day. At this ;ine the most pro^nd silence was required df every creaiure within bearing of this sacred pkiee. The king then repeated a prayer in a low tone of voice with the freatest solemnity, and in the middle of it took up a live pig tied by the legs, and with one effort dashed it to death against the gronnd; an operation wliich must be performed without the slightest interruption or cry from the victim, or without the prevailing silence being broken bv any noise whatsoever, though of the most trivial kind. This part of the service is supposed to announce their being on terms of friendship with the gods, on which the further ceremonies were carried into execution. A number of hogs, plantains, and cocoa-nuts, were tken con- secrated for the principal chiefs and priests,; the more common productions^ such as fish, turtle,^ fbwk, dogs, and the several esculent roots, that compose their food during the intervals between these more sacred taboos, were not now served up, but for the first titne since their nrrival, they fared sumptuously on those more delicious articles. The intermediate day, the 13th, and tbesecond night, were passed in prayer, during which they found no difiiculty in complying with the prescribed regulations, and soon after the sun rose, the 14th, they were absolved from any further attention to their sacred injunctions. The cession of Owhyhee to his Britanivc miyesty be- came now an object of serious concern. Some little de- lay and difficulty, however, arose from the absence of two chiefs, Commanow, who from local circumstances could not quit his government, and Tamaahmooto, chief of Koarra, the person who had captured the Fair Ame- rican scfaoouir. Their first salutation being over, he caught the earliest opportunity to oiBfer an apology for the offence that had so justly kept them strangers to each other. He complained of having been very ill- treated by the crews of some vessels that had visited Toeaigh bay, and particularly of his having been beaten ^ by Mr. Metcalf, commanding the Sleonora, at the time 'when his son, who afterwards had the command of the Fair American, was on -board the former vessel. The glass went freely round after dinner, and as this ceremony was con^iletely M'ithin the reach of Tamaah- moQtoo's imitation, Ue was anxious to excel in this ac - VANCOUVER.— 1704. 613 complishment, by drinking with less reserve than any one at table. Vancouver thought it proper to remind him, that as he was not in the habit of drinking spirituoof liquors like Tamaahniaah and the other chiefs present, it was necessary he should be upon his guard, lest the wine and grog should disagree with him ; but as his spirits became exhilarated he became less attentive to these ad- monitions, until the operation of the fiquors o1[^ged him to retire. In this state it is not possible tiy imagine a countenafrce n^ore expriessive of iiroignatioD or of savage barbarity and resentment; his eyes vrere fixed oh the captaki, as' he vrti carried out of the marquee, whilst his tdtfgile» no longef confined within his lips^ indistinctly uttered attoou-anni, signifying that he had poisoned him, and some present, even of their old aequahitance, seemed to be a tittle concerned for his safety. The king, how- ever, langhed nt their apprehension, and explained to them the cause of Tamaabmotbo^s iridispoilition, whiclr, by the a^8istan<;e of a little warm water, was afittost in- stantly r^coivered, and he rejoined their party, to the great entertainment and diversion of his countrymen, wba w^rti still very pleasantly regaling themselves, and ill th^^Ji^rfeet e^foyment of each other** society. At one of their evening amusementi the captain was very well entertained'. This wai a perfoYnlance by a single T^nng wi6raan of tfhte name of Fnckoo, whose person a(n#TMintfers were both very agreeable: l^er dress, > Botwifhstumfing the heat of the weathek*, ponaisted of an hmaen^ ^nantit^ of thin doift, which wa^ ^'"''^^^^ round her Waist, and extended as low a» her knees. Thid wais plaited in such a manlier as to give a pretty efl^cf to the varieeated pattern of the cloth ; and was oth^r^se dis^ posed witb great taste. Her head and neck Vftte deco- rated with wreaths of black, red, and yellow feathers ; bat, excepting these, she virore no dress A^om the waist upwardii Her ancles^ and nearly half iivay up her le]^^, were decorated with several folds of cloth, widening^; np^ ward8> so'that the upper patts 'extended. from the leg at least fi^nirinchey all round; this was encdrtipassedbra piece bf net-work, wrought very close, hiitti the mesiies of wbieh^ were bung the small teeth of dogs, givihg thii part of her dress the appearante of an ornamental ^fbnnel. On her wrists she wore bracelets made ,of the tusks ^ z 5 614 VOYAOB8 ROUND THE WORLD. from tilt largest hogs. ThcM were highly poHslied a»d tixed close together in a ring» the concave sides of the iusks being qutwards ; and tluur ends reduced to an uni- form length, curving naturally each way from the centre, were by np means destitute^of ornamental effect. Thus cquioped, her appearance on tbe stage, before s|ie ut- terea a Mngle word, excited oonsiderable applause from ' the ottmemut spectators, who obseryed the greatest good order and ^Morum. In her perfornHince» which was in the open aur^ the wm accompanied by two men, who were seated on the ground in the character of miMicianSr Their instruments were both alike, and were made of the outtidei or thells of large gourds, open at the top ; the lower ends ground perfectly flat, and as thin as possible, without endangering their splitting. The^ were struck on the grpand, covered with a small quai^tity of dried arass,' luad in tbe interval between each stroke, they beat with tbeir hands and fingers on the sides of these instrunentt, to accompany their vocal exertions, which, with the variouf motions of their hands and body, and the vivacity of their countenances, plainly demonstrated the interest tbev had, not only in excelling in their own parts, but ano in the' applause which the lady acquired by her performance, advancing or retreating from the musicians a lew short steps in varous directions, as tbe nature of the subject, and the numerous gestures and motions of hep; ^rson demanded. Herspcech^ or poem, was first licgRii m a slow, and somewhat soleam fiaiiaer, knd graduauj became eneigfetic, probab^ as ^|e subject matter became interesting ; until pt Wngtl^ fikeatrue actress, the liveliness of her imagination produfsed a ve- ciferoui oration, accompanied by violent emotions. These were re^icived with shouts of great app^use ; and although they were not suiBcient(y acquainted witlv the language to comprehend the sulijiect, yet tlieT could nol belp being pleased in a high degree with the perioral* ance. ■■ On theSSth of February, Tamaahmaab^ King of Owhy- face, in council with the principal chiefs of the islandi as- sembled on-board his Britannic mi^esly's sloop Disco- very, in Karakakooa bay, and in the presence of George Vancouver, commander of the said sloop. Lieutenant Pet* Puget, commander of his said majesty's armed I J lied 9iid s of the » an uni- e centre, . Thuft e tlie ut- ise from test good ih WM ia leii, who kttsicitnsr de of the top: the possible, se struck of dried »ke, they I of these IS, which, y,aiid the trated the .heir own I acquired from the ns, as the itures and ^ or poem, a, ^laiiBer, he subject like ft true iiped a yt9- emotions, puse; and iy/iXlx the could not e pctiorni* ;.«fOwhy- islaod^ US' K>p Disco- of George Lieutenant ty'S armed U'JiiiiA V A M COU V B E.— 1794. 5K> tender the CbaUiani, and the other oiRceri of the Dihco- very, after due consideration, unanimously ceded the island of Owhyhee to his Britannic majesty, and ac- knowled(|[ed themselves to be subjects of Great Britain. As their departure was now to take place with the first breeze from the land, Tamaahmaah and his queen, un- willing to take leave until the very last moment, remain- ed on-board until near midnight, when they departe which they had so Ions filled wifh credit to themselves, and witli so much satisfaction to the king and the rest of ihe principal people. After mature consideration, they preferred their present way of life, and were desirous of continuing at Owhyhee ; observing, that being destitute of resources, on their return home they miist be again- exposal to the vicissitudes of a life of hard labour, f»r the purpose of merely acquiring a precarious supply of the most common necessaries of life, objects which, for some years past, had not occasioned them the least concern. Thus concluded theur transactions at Owhyhecr t» which they bade adieu about three in the morning of • the 3d of March. They left here, however, a banditti of renegadoes, that had quitted different trading vessels- in4^nsequence of disputes with their respective comraan«> ders, who bad resorted to this island since the preced-. ing year, under American or. Fortugipese colours. Amongst them was one Portuguese, one Chinese, and one Genoese, but all the rest appeared to be thesubjocts Qt Great Britain, as seemed also Uie major part of tlte «16 VOYAGES HOtTNH THE WORLiy* crew of the brig Washington, although they calKsd them- selves Americans. With Kavabeeroo also resided a per- son by the name of Howell, who had come to Owhyhee, in the capacity of a clerk on>board the Washington ; he appeared to possess a |ood understanding, with the ad- vantages of an university location, and had been once a clergyman in England, but had now secluded himself from European society, so that with Young, Davis, and Boyd, there were now eleven white men on the island; but, excepting from these latter, their O why bean friends will have little reason to rejoice in any advantages they *vill receive from their new civtHaed companions After visiting some other parts of the Sscfidwich Islands, the ships finally bade them adieu on the 15th of March, from which period, till the end of August, the whole time was occupied in a very extensive and minute survev of the coast of North-west America. Suffice it to say, that one great object of the voyage was, namely, to ascertain the existence of a north-west passage, or any water communication navigable foir shipping. The North Pacific, and the exterior of the American conti- nent, within these limits, yrtre completely examined, and it was proved that no such conmunicafion did exist, notwithstanding the assertions of Fuca, Fonte, and others, on that subject; On the 2d of September, the Discovery anchored in Friendly €ove, Nootka Sound, where were three of bis Catholic mi^esty's armed ves- sels* and some Bnglisb and American traders. At Mbnterrey they arrived on the 2d of November. Having on the 2d of December quitted itj and proceeded southward^ they passed the three Miirias Islands, and af- terwards the rich but uninhabited island of Cocos. Its produce is luxurious and abundant, as are also fowl and fish. They afterwards successively passed the Galtipagos Islands* Massafuero, and Juan Feniandei. On the 24tb of March they gained a distant vfew of the lofty coast of Chili to the weitward, hi latitude 32 deg. 53 min., and at a supposed distance of forty lea- gues, the immense mountains of the Andes. Their des- tination was, however, the bay of Valparaiso, which they reached next dayi< St. Jago, the capital of Chili, is stated to have been founded on the 12th of February, 1L41. This city is the V A NCOUVEH.— 179&. ^17 residence of the president, who 19 csptain-getieral of the whole kingdom, and governor and presiding judge of the audience-chamber, orcourtof jnttice. It is said to con- tain 30,500 inhabitants. The snbordinate cities in this great kingdom are Coquimbo, Chnittn, Conception, and Valdivia ; and tlie principal towns are VaFpiaraiso, Ca- piapo, Vallenar, St. Francisco de Bbria, St. Raphael dc la Rosa, La Ligua, Quillota, Los Andes, Mefrpilla, St. Joseph, Anconcagua, St. Ferdinand, Curico, TttlcH, Li- nares, Nueva, Bilboa, Caugeres, and others of less im- portance. The.kingdom of Chili is stated to extend in a northern and southern direction, from the uninhabited parts of Atacama, which divides it from the viee-rojalty of Peru, to the straits of MageHan ; and in a western and eastern direction, from the ocean to the foot bf the Cordilleras, which divides it from the. viee-royalty of Buenos Ay res. There is about a million of specie' coin-' ed at St. Jago every year, wliich » the fund from whence the salaries of the state^-ofRcers, the military establish- Bti^ut, and otltcr incidental expences of the government ere defrayed. The army consists of a battalion of in- fantry in Conception ; two squadrons of horse, one com- pany of dragoons, and twa of artillery. The cavalry are all well'-mounted^ sind extremely expert horsemen, and were they as skiifiil in the use of iire^irms as they are in the management of the sword' and the lance, they would not be inferior to any troops of this description in Europe. The exterior commerce of the kiiigdom is principally carried on from the sea-ports of Conception, Coquimbo, and Valparaiso; but the latter has the greatest share of trade, arising from its central situation, and its vicinity to the capital. The measn red distance between St. Jago and Buenos Ay res they could not learn, but understood that the post travels from thence to the capital of Chili in twenty days ; and that the country, from Buenos Ay- res \intil it reaches the foot of the Cordilleras, which run in a northern and southern direction, and pass to the eastward of St. Jago, is one entire desert, without trees or any other sort of vegetation, and that it is so completely a level plain, that even a hillock does not appear on its surface The nearest silver mine to St Jago is at the distance of about seven leagues, and the nearest gold 518 VOYAGES ROUND THB WORLD. mine is, to the north-east of the city, at the distance of about thicty^eagues. . i The houses in Valparaiso, on account of the earth- quakes which frequently happen in South America, like those in St. Jago, consist of the ground-floor only ; the walls are built with mud, and plastered over with a pre- paration of lime; fhey'are convenient, well adapted to the climate, and are in seneral handsomely furnished. In the town and in the village of Almandrel there are six churches, within the diocese of the archbishop of St. Jago, but under the direction of a vicar, who resides at Valparaiso, and is amenable for his conduct to the arenbishop. The town and its neighbourhood are under the jurifdktion of the governor, who receives his ap- pointment, with a salary of 4000 dollars per annum, from the King of Spain; but he is nevertheless under the immediate orders and controul of the captain-general. All civil and military causes are heard at St. Jago. Ca- pital offences are seldom committed; a man was found guilty on a chaise of felony, and hanged about three vears beftnre their arrival, a punishment that was seldom known to be inflicted. Nothiiig particular happened in the voyage round Cape Horn, and thence to St. Helena, where the Dis- covery arrived on the 2d of July, the Chatham having got thither before her. Here, in consequence of the hostilities with Holland, Captain Vancouver took a Dutch Etst-Indiaman, the Macassar. On the ,12th of September, made the western coast of Ireland ; when having seen the Discovery safely moored in the Shannon, he proceeded to London, resigning the command of the ship to Lieutenant Baker, and taking with him such oooks, ^pers, and charts, as were necessary to lay be- fore the Lorda of the Admiralty, relative ; to the services perfociiied. In the course of this long vovage o£ four y6ars- d^bt nionths and twenty-nine days, the Discovery lost by'discase,. out of 100 men, only one, ar. live by accidents; and in the Chatham iiot cnc died< from dis* case or ^herwise.. '% .^ »tjt;; mfi [ 619 ] CAPTAIN £TI£NNE MARCHAND.^17IK>-92. ' APTAiN March AND, hearing of the succeu of seme voyages to the north-west coast of America for furs, bjf English adventurers, proposed to the commercial bouse ofBaux, in l^arseilles, a similar expedition; Mrbich, be- ing agreed to, an effective ship, the Solide, of 800 tons, ten guns, and fifty officers and seamen, was placed under his command, and he sailed from Marseilles the 14th of December, 1790. January 16th anchored for three days in Port Praya, St. Jago, after which nothing of any im- portance occurred till they saw Staten land from the mast-head the 1st of April, and by the 20th had sailed quite round Tierra del Fuego into the great South Sea, when they encountered the first heavy storm so coqimon in these regions. Want of water compelled him to shape a course for the J group pf islands called Marquesas, discovered by Men- ^ dana in 1696, and since visited bv Cook. June 13th dis- covered them, the vicinity of land having been indicated for some days before by flights of terns, sea-swallows, and several other birds, which are known not to proceed far from the shore. Steering for the bay of Madre deDios, they were met by many natives in canoes and swimming, blowing conchs, singing, and beating time on the sides of the canoes, at the same time pointing out where water was to be procured. Several women, at ^he same time, displayed their charms, offering them by no unequivocal signs to the iteamen. Before the Solide reached the bay, a flotilla of canoes surrounded her, many having come even from the island of Dominica. One of their old men„ after pronouncing an harangue, tied a piece of white cloth in the rigging, understood to be the ligoal of peace, anderymg out Tayo! Tayo! meaning friend. Toys wer^ distributed freely among them, and looking- glasses exoited much admiration and astonisbmeali The crowd sodn (increased so much, that it was no. longer |^. sible to work the ship ; but on being requested to retire,, they complied in a very orderly manner, each seeningto. seek his own island, though at considerable distances.. Early the next morning the ship was surrounded Ky above 600 natives, all eager to go on-board ; bu^ in the •\f VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. 6^ mean time, stripping off, with their fingers alone, pieces of irtNi fwt copper, which it wouKi have required instru- ments and time for an European to remove. A gun was fired over tfieir heads ; but, instead of intimidating, it only served to increase their audacity; a shot, which struck the rocks, had for a moment some little effect, till, recovering their alarm, several threw sticks on-board, and struck their lances against the sides of the ship ; one snatched a musket from one of the men protecting the boats, and others attempted to remove the leaden pump Ar3m the stern ; a man of less humanity tlMn Mar- chand would probably have answered these hostile de- monstrations as hostilely ; but, by only firing two muskets sufficiently close for them to faiear the balls whiz over their heads, order was in some deeree restored. Women attdf young girls iti hundreds flocked on-board, anxious to dispose of their persons for nails, beads, and other tfinket^ ^nd implements, and, lest their overtures should net be iufRciently understood, the men were eager to become their interpreters. A blunderbuss of oiie of the watering party going off, accidentally wounded a native by breaking a bone of the arm ; this excited some fear among them, but no revenp;e ; the surgeon, Roblet, pro- ceeding on-shore to dress it, found the arm very skilfully managed, so as' to display no small share of surgical knowledge ; presents and caresses were given to prevent any unfiivourable impression from this unfortunate oc- currence. In an excursion into the woods, the same day, by the captain, one of the natives snatched his musket and ran off; but in attempting to pursue him,' AVas immediately recalled by the danger of his servant, whom be found seized by naif a dozen islanders, who soon let go their hold, though not without carrying away his hat and a box U^ l^ad under his am. By the interference of a chief, however, the musket was restored the next day. Several fruits and vegetable refreshments were proourea, witH abundance of water, but scarcely a hog or fowl ; for, thoUgh they did not seem scarce, the owners would Udt pAti with theUi. Marchand^ therefore, set off in the boats foir some oth^r bHys iu the neighBourhood, and tft'thie^k^ond'in his way procured' twelve fine hogs, the nativcis divilly carrying the individuals of the party on- MARCH AND.— -1791. 621 shore and on-board again, on account of a dangerous landing-place. At another bay they were not so success- ful in their pursuit, though received equally friendly ; several petty thefts were committed, but on the whole the behaviour of the natives was friendly in a marked degree* Santa Christina, the only island of the group hitherto vi- sited, is about seven leagues in circumference, the land high and rocky, the latter seeming of a volcanic nature, many portions of it barren, and, taken on the whole, is infinitely less fruitful than either of the Society Islands ; so that the people have by no means the superfluities of theOtaheitans. Bread-fruit aad cocoa-nuts are here much more scarce* The sugar-cane is, however, very fine, also a large species of chesuut ; the islanders well re- membered the name of Captain Cook, who touched here; but not a single European article of any description was now observed among them, and to almost all of them they seemed utter strangers. Rats are excessively nu- merous, and destroy much of the food of the islanders; the boss are small but sweet and well-tasted ; a variety of birds abound in the woods and enliven them with their songs ; rock-fish are in plenty in the bay ; and the shark is little regarded by the islanders, who swim about seemingly regardless of its fierce and ravenous attacks. nrhe people are confessedly the finest race in the South Sea for beauty of person, the whole being very tail, well-formed, inclining to corpulency without being so, their chests and shoulders broad, their limbs muscu- lar, and their activity on land or in water equally re- markable ; the common height is about five feet ten in- ches, but great numbers exceed six feet. Their colour is a bright brown, their hair of several shades, as flaxen^ auburn, black, either long or curling. The countenance is open and frank, the nose being either flat or aquiline, the eyes large and black, and the teeth regular. They are in general naked except a piece of cloth, made of the bark of a tree, tied round the loins for the sake of mo- desty ; but tattooing is so general and so well and neatly executed, that this might almost be fancied a species of clothing of itself. The women are equally remalrkable for beauty of person ; thjcir clothing is not much more» 62) VOYAOB8 BOUND THE WORLD. but the tattooing considerably lest than in the other sex; in fact, clothing is an incumbrance, so much of their time is spent in the water. The licentiousness of the greater part is, however, shameless and disgusting ; even children of eight years old were publicly prostituted. Their weapons are lances, a sort of sabre, pikes or javelins, and clubs; their canoes are rude and ill formed, bearing no comparison to the elegance of those of Ota* heite. The houses are built on stone platforms raised from the ground, as if they wtre exposed to inundations from the sea, and likewise they use very curious stilt^ apparently for the same reason,'on which they stalk about with great expedition. The scoop-net and sweep-net constitute their fishing implements; their hatchet is of a hard species of stone ; their household utensils consist of calabashes and various others, formed of wood ; and the great article of cloth is made from the bark of the paper mulberry-tree. June 20th, at midnight, quitted the anchorage of Santa Christina, and next morning discovered high land in the north-west quarter, adjoining which were several islets, upon which the officers and seamen conferred the nams of Isle Marchand. Some sandy bays were perceived, with a few rivulets of fine water running into them ; a few natives came on-board, some without hesitation, others with the strongest symptoms of terror'; they spoke the same language, were of the same colour, and in other respects differed little or nothing from those of Santa Christina, this being merely an extension of the Mar quesas group; but they seemed utterly unacquainted with their visitors, or with European commodities, for among them all they preferred glass-bottles to every thing else. Appearances of other islands were distinguished, one of winch, to windward, he could not reach, bu| called it Baux's Island, after the owners of his ship ; two others, nbt much elevated above the surface of the water, were n''«ned the Two Brothers ; whilst two more received the app*^ Nations of Masse's and Chanal Islands, after the first a* ast of North*west America, and the men likewise seem to feel pleasure in nursing their offspring, which is not often the case among sav* ages. The women are reserved and modest ; and the men, as may be sr )posed from this circumstance, rather jealous, forming .'emarkable contrast to the people of the South Sea Islands^ and shewing the superiority in nxural feeling of tlie people of a cold or temperate, to those of a tropical ciimAte, both being equally savages, and, of cotirse, ignorant of the decencies of civilized life. Their language is excessively harsh and uncouth, requiring at once a strong najud aspiration and a guttural effort; it seems, however. fiio«; what could be collected, that it is copious and varied,, from, the nicety with which the most minute parts of an animal, or other trivial things, were called and described, 'Marcband quitted tins place the 21st of August for Queen Charlotte's Islands^ and distinguished Cloak Bay, where he anchored ; but found few skins, a vessel having been there recently, which, Jwd carried them all off, A chief invited them, to visit his habitation, forming a paralellograw, from f^sty-five to fifty feet in front by thirty-five in depth*. Su, eight, or ten trees, cut and planted in each nront, lorm. the inclosure of a habitation, and are fastened to^acb other by, planks ten inches in width ; the partitions, six or seven feet high, are sur- Qiounted by a roof a UttJe sloped; in the middle of th« MARCHAND.— 1791. 626 roof is made a large square opening, affording it once entrance tp the light and an exit to the smoke ; there are also, sometimes, a tew small openings in the sides. These houses have two stories, though only one be visi- ble, the lower one being in fact under-ground, the de* scent to which is by half a dozen of steps, and here they reside during the winten To one of the boats dispatched to trade, came a chief and several of his tribe, who, though possessed of several skins, seemed disinclined to part with them, except at a high price, repeatine fre- quently the name of Englishman, as if tky fmonlS give more than their present visitors. The arms supplied by them were in general so bad, that one discharge with a ball or shot would probably have burst them. At length, when the boats seemed preparing to depart, the natives, who had hitherto held out for tire-arms, or blankets and woollen clothing, were willuig to accept less valuable articles, such as boilers, pewter-basins, pots, kettles, and a variety of other things of a similar nature. While they were quitting the place, a brig, about 200 tons burden, with a tender along with her, hove in sight, but shewing no colours, and Marchand not wishing to speak with any stranger, no intercourse took place be- tween them ; but, from the accounts of the natives, they turned out to be English. Fish, particularly of the shell kind, are numerous here ; water also is plentiful, and of excellent quality ; seals sport about in the bay ; whales appear off its mouth ; birds are very numerous ; but the only quadruped observed was the dog. The natives are ver^ fond of gambling, by means of thirty small sticks variously disposed ; their women were modest, any inter- course that took place with the seamen being entirely^ fiKuninterested motives, and evidently not from cohsti- tutiona! incitements: Another boat was now dispatched down to Reunell's Strait, to try for furs there, their suc- cess hitherto being much inferior to their expectations ; a good harbour was called after the second officer, Cha- nu's Harbour ; but, after a fatiguing ^Lcursion for se- veral days, very few skins could be procured. The Solide's course was now directed to Berkeley 3ound, in latitude 49 deg., most other spots seeming to have been already stripped of their commodities by English rivals. September 4th got sight of the land in this neighbour- VOYAOR8 HOUirn THB WORLD. hood, (ind the next evening anchored, when, on flie morning of the 7th, law five canoes approaching them, with lix or teven men in each, who, having no skins* themsclvci, directed the, ship to proceed in a direction they pointed out where several were to be procured* These people were fairer than on that part of the coast they had left; and their canoes, besides being lijrser, were constructed in a very superior manner. Standinf^ in to Berkeley Sound the day afterward, Marchand perceived a three-masted vessel coming out, when, find- ing himself t'^cipa ted here as well as to the northward, and the stranger also standing to the southward, whither lie intended to go, he thought further com|>etition would not turn out successful, and that the only chance of making the voyage profitaUe was to proceed at once to China, and sell his skins before there was any competi' tion in the market. The officers agreeing in the propri- ety of this resolution, they set sail for the Sand'Aieii Islands, in order to take in refreshments for the remain* der of the voyage. October 4ib made Owhyhee, the chief of the group. Dreading the character for enterprise and courage ac' quired by these islanders, Marchand thought it the most expeditious and safest plan to purchase his refreshnieiib under sail, with which he was liberally supplied for iron and other wares ; but among the cargoes of hogs brought off were intermixed many women, whom, however, the Solide's crew very wisely declined to admit on-board. The famous mountain Mowna-Roa, in Owhyhee^ was -perceived in the Solide about forty>six leagues distant from the island and more than fifty from its summit, and is computed to be from 16,600 to 16,020 feet high, being the highest mountain on the globe, except Cimboraco, in Peru. The mountain of Mowee is nearly half this height; Atooi is also much elevated, being distinguished thirty leagues off. On the 7th quitted the Sandwich Islands for the run across the Pacific Ocean ; and the 8d of Novem- ber miide the Island of Tinian, between which and Say- pan he intended to pass to clear the Archipelago ; but altimatety ran to the northward of Saypan; this cluster, though called by Magellan, their discoverer, Ladrone (or Thiev^) Islands, ere also known now by the name of Marv Ann Islands. On the '17th November saw the Islands of Bo Forme the mi of one them droppi they h on MARCHAND.— 179t. of Hotel Tobago Xima, situated at the .louth end of Formosa } and, three days afterwards, found Um ship ia the midst of a fleet of Chinese fishing-boats, the owner of one of which, for seventy dollars, |>romiscd to pilot them to Macao, in the road i^t whicn the anchor was dropped on the 2Ath. On comparing dates it appeared they had lost a day by sailing round the worlo oy the west, and, instead of the 26th« was obliged, neat day, to write Sunday, the 2tth. Here the speculation of the Voyage turned out truly unfortunate, the sale of skins beings prohibited in conse- quence, as it was supposed, of a new treaty of commerce with Russia, by which the furs of the latter were to have a preference. Two vessels were already here with car- goes of these articles*, which could not be .sold ; Mar- ciiand therefore determined to proceed at once to the Isle of France ; had there been even permission to dispose of the lading, the price of prime otter-skins had fallen from sixty to fifteen dollars the preceding year. While here an American vessel came in, the captain of which had been at the Marquesas a month before Maj-chand, hut without landing ; und who afterwards, in proceeding to the north-west, had observed in May, that group which, next month, Marchand examined, and called Re- volution Islands. He, therefore, was anticipated in the discovery without knowing it; but the American had made no eflbrt to have anv intercourse with the natives, or to examine the new lands. December 6th quitted Macao, and directed the course so as to strike the bank of the Macclesfield shoal by sounding, in the middle of the China sea ; on the II th saw the Island of Pulo Sapata, and, four days afterwards, that of Pulo Timoan, Pulo Pisang, and seyieral others connected with the latter, which form high land, distin- guishable at a considerable distance. The 18th distin- guished the Island of Banca, and passed through Gas- par's Straits with safety, though then little known to French navigators, except by name ; a week afterwards ?got sight of the coast of the great Island of Sumatra, and, passing through the Straits of Sunda, made sail for the . Iste of France; first seeing, however, the Cocoa Islands, ill 11 deg. 54 min. south latitude, a small groupr^ thrown 105 leagues to the south west of Flat Point, the most 528 VOYAGES ROUND THE IVORLD. southern of Sumatrn. After making Rodriguez Island, situated 100 leagues directly to windward of the Isle of France, the Solide reached the latter the 90th January, anchoring in Port Louis, or Port North-west, the principal harbour of that island, after being thirteen months and a half, with the exception of thirty days, constantly under sail. At this place they remained till the 18th April, when, getting under weip;h, the Solide reached St. Denis, in the Island of Reunion^ or Bourbon, situated ninety miles to leeward of the former, remarkable for producing fine coffee and cotton. May 16th passed Cape Aisuillas, in Southern Africa, steering for the Island of St. Helena, at which Marchand ' cast anchor the 4th June. This land is sufficiently high to be discerned in clear weather at the distance of twenty leagues. It presents at first sight nothing l»ut a heap of craggy rocks, with here and there vallies between. • On Sugar-loaf Point is seen a i>mall fort, past which it is necessary to proceed, on which is this warning to ships coming in — '* Send the ship's boat on-shore,'' — which, if neg'lected, the fort will sometimes fire at the offender. James Town, the only one in the island, and situated in a valley of the same name, is commanded by two hills on each side and above it, that on the right being Ru- pert's, and that on the left Ladder Hill. Several batte- ries and redoubts scattered in every practicable place, with the steepness of the shores, and the difficulty, or, indeed, impossibility, of ascending the rocks, render landhig by an enemy utterly impracticable. The. island is therefore impregnable, for the battery of Ladder Hill alone would sink any vessel in the roads, or destroy any boats that attempted a disembarkation. All vessels that require more than twenty casks of water pay anchorage -dues, amounting to twenty dollars, or five pounds; foreigners are not charged higher than the English In- diamen. In 1791 and 1702 a great drought afflicted the island, which caused extreme loss and distress. In 1789 were reckoned here 3000 head of cattle, besides consi- derable numbers of sheep, goats, and poultry, and sup- plies of potatoes and other vegetables; but the drought of the succeeding years destroyed more than half of the live stock. •MISSIONARY VOYAGE. — 1796-08. 520 The iskuid is situated in the Atlantic Ocean, 300 leagues from Cape Negro, the nearest point of* Africa, and 600 from Gape Augustine, in South Anieiica ; it is about twenty-eight miles in eircumfereiioe, and seems only the calcined summit of «n insulaled mountain of very great height from its base in the ocean, as the sea, at a little distance from its shores, is unfathomable ; nor is there any land nearer to it than TOO miles. Tlie popu- lation at this time consisted of 2000 whites, about 600 soldiers, and tlic same number of slaves. On the 20th June crossed the line in 25 deg. west lon- gitude from Paris, and, on the 2d August, sav the land of £urope, near to Cape St. Vincent ; on the l^tli an- chored in the inner tiaioour of Toulon, after an absence of twenty months, being the shortest voyage round ^ world yet eflected. MISSIONARY VOYAGE.— 1796.a^ 3. [The following voyage, though not strictly loand the Wnt v^, is so connected with our subject ; and, bet !des, so novel in its design, and so truly benevolent and christian-like in its object, that we cannot withhold it from our readers ; particularly as a more general knowledge of its details must highly interest a community so eminently christian as our nation, and perhaps add to the funds of a society, in every point vi view, so deserving of support and respect.] X HE discoveries made in the great southern sea by the voyages undertaken at the command of his nuyessty, George the Third, excited wonderful attention, and brought, as it were, into ligfiii a world till then »lmost unknown. Islands, it may be said, innumerable were found to cover the bosom of the Pacific Ocean in differ- ent groups. The merchant considered if they would af- ford any object of co^^merce; the naturalist eagerly ox plored the peculiar subject of his researches, and tbe as- tronomer soiight a station, from whence he might observe the transit of Venus over the sun, and deduce from thence useful improvement in the celestial science. Reflections on their unhappy situation had dropped from the pen of the humane, and pity had often swelled the bosom of the compassionate: a few felt for them, not only as m«n, but 2 A ^^30 roYAOES ROUND THE WORiLXi. ' 9s christians, and wished some mode coiiid be devised of communicating to them the knowledge of that inestima. Me book, compared with which ail betide is pompous ignonmce, and all the treasures of the earth ligliter on the balance than vanity itself. A Missionary Societv was in consequence formed in England, and sealously seconded by their brethren in North Britain. On notifying their intentions to the public, they met a spirit of zeal and liberality highly encouraging ; applications manifold were : poured in of candidates for the mission, with subscriptions adequate to the under- taking. None but men the most select for piety were to be admitted ; but especially adepts in such useful arts and occupations as would make them most accept- ^ able to the heatben in that state of inferior civilisation to which they were advanced. Thirty men, six women, and three children, were approved, and presented to the directors for the commencement of the mission. List of the Mitiionariea whv embarked on»o6iira the Duff, at BlackwalL KO. 1 Rev 4 • 'Mi, 6 7 d 10 11 > • Vi la 14 16 16 17 18 19 NAMES. AQE. OCCUPA'flONS. .James Fleet Cover 34 Ordained Minister. John Eyre - - 2Ji Do. Do. John JeH'ersun - 36 Do. Do. Thomas Lewis . - %V^,t)o. and has attended the hospi- tals and d»pcusaries, au4 uu- derstands printing. 99| Mouse carpenter, sawyer, aud wheelwr^t. 9|0 Shopkeeper, !90 Bucklo and barneSs i.y ./ • 23 Carpenter. -21 Gentleman's servant, tin>worker. 36 Whitesmith and garileuer Jdin Cock * William Crook Samuel Clode John A. Gillbam 39 Surgeon* -"x \\•■^^ Peter Hodges - - 29 Smith and brasierj William Henry - 23 Car))ehter and joiner. John Harris - - 39 Coo()er. Hudden - Butcher. Samuel Harper - 26 Cotton Manufacturer. Rowland HasMl • 27 Indian Weaver. sidt-o bii.'i?!!t ■■•.%'[ f„ .■.'• ih- h MISSIONARY VOYAGE. — 1^706. Ml 30 Mr. S«th Kelto 21 iSdwuil Mmu 32 23 24 26 26 27 ^8 29 30 Iiiaac Nobbs - Honry Nort - Fnmoi»Odces James Puokey - 24 Tavlor (late of llw io|»l A» tlllery,) ^ 24 Hliiitrc - 3ir Vriolilayer. - fl6 Shoemaker. ^ 25 Carpenter. • William Pnckey 20 Carpenter. - William Smith - 21 LInen-dniper. - William Shelly - 21 Cabinet-maker. - George Yeeson • 24 Bricklayer. - James Wilkinson 27 Carpenter and Joiner. WOMEN. 31 Mrs. Mary Cover - - 37 Wife of J. F. Cover. 32 Elizabeth Eyre - 64 33 Elisabeth Hassel 99 34 - — Sarah Henry - - 23 35 — — Mary Hodges 36 — ~ Hudden - • -25 37 James Cover - - 38 Thomas Hassell - 39 Samuel Otoo Hassell Jdin Eyre* — Rowland Hassell. — William Henry. — P. Hodgei, — — Hudden. -^HILORBN. - 12 Son of J. F. Cover. . 2 •— — Rowland Hassell. - 16 weeks. Do. Captain Wilson and the first mate, his nephew, were persons in every view equal to the underlakin|;, and as hearty in the work as the missionaries themselves. Many of the sailors were men of a like mind ; about half wiere communicaiits, and every man was eager to beg ad- mittance, under the profession of wishing to be instru- mental in so blessi^d a service, and the hope that he should gain benefit and edification to his own soul. The preparations being completed, and the missiona- ries ready for embarkation, the directors of the society were very anxious for the Duff's sailing with the East India convoy. They now took their finaldeparturefroa Portsmouth, and launched forth on the great deep, thf il4th of Sept. 1796. The signal for sailing being given, tfcjf missionadcf cameoU'deck, and every countenance seemcit elated with joy, at the thought of toon being employed in the great work. ..'•} Proceeding fast to the southward, on the Idth of Oc- tober, about nine A. M., they saw Sal, which is the nor- thernmost of the Cape de Verd isles ; it has a snn-bumt appearance, insomuoh that, as they sailed along to the eastward, about three miles off snore, there was not a 2 A2 ^31 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. tree or green spot to be seen. With pleasant weather, ail ■wU aet, and afinefairivindyby eleven A.M. could discern St. Jago off the deck. At one P. M. passed the south- east point, and half-an-hour after tacked close to Green Island ; then made two short tacks, and came to with the small bower in eight fathoms. 18th. Having completed their refreshments here, and afresh taken their departure, at a little distance off the island a fine breeee sprang nip, and continued from east-south-east to dast-north-east. — ^22d, a number of sharks were playing routed the the ship; they caught two, each about five teet long : after being cut into pieces, and the entrails taken out; the heads jumped about the deck for a ccmsidcrable time. — 12th of November, at day-light, made sail and ran for the harbour of Rio de Ja- neiro, but the breeze failing, and the tide contrary, it was one o'clock in the afternoon before they reached the entrance. When nearly there, a pilot- boat came along- side, in which was the head harbour-master, who took charge of the ship. . Quitting this place they now proceeded on their vov- age, in hopes of effecting it by the way of Cape Horn, which was their original intention. The captain had laid in a fresh store of such provisions as this place af- forded, with sugar, wine, and whatever might be neces- sary in the long run before them. — 20th. Lord's-day Brothers Eyre and Jefferson preached. In leaving this harbour, and again launching into the deep, they tlioughr on all the mercies of God, who had dealt so wonderfully with them, and protected them htthtrto in safety througli the pathless ocean ; they could, with humble dependence, Irust him for the future. Durkigthe firstfewdays nothing remarkable occurred. —December 8d. In the morning the sea ran exceeding jiigh, and the wind blew a complete storm, which re ddced them to a cloM-'reefcd main-top-sail and foresail Several of tlieir live-stock died, either by the cold or the spray of the sea, so that they were in danger of losing tfce whote of this invaluable preservative of health. Not ■ »niy the greater part of the missionaries were sea-siciv, bnl 8o«ac of the seamen also. Mrs. Eyre, already ex- hausted by continued illness, seemed unable long to sus- tain these great', r trials. Being thus situated, the cap' MISSIONARY VOYAGE. — 1796. 5S8 tain was apprehensive that in persevering in their endea- vours to double Cape Horn» their raw, unseasoned com- pany '■^f undmen, women, and children, might fall vie- tims to the repeated storms and colder weather, whicb they might expect to meet with in the attempt. There- fore, the captain, after deliberately weighing the cir- cumstances, relinquished a plan which, to execute, re- quired a ship's crew of hardy sailors, unaccompanied by tender women and children, and adopted the resolution of going the eastern passage ; that is, to pass a few de- grees south of the Cape of Good Hope, to sail to the southward of the south cape of New Holland and New Zealand, keepmg in the track of the westerly winds till near the meridian of Otaheite, and then to steer to the northward for that island. The missionaries were now applying themselves to the Otaheitean langnage, the most diligent giving pleasing proofs of their desire and aptness to acquire it. \ part of eacb day was also ap- propriated to reading the Rev. Mr. Greathead's account of the South-sea islands; this they styled Missionary Geo- graphy, from thence deriving considerable knowledge ; their minds also became more exercised, and a difference of opinion gradually increased concerning the propriety of their separating, and whicb group' appeared the most eligi)>leaQa safe to settle in ; some preferred the Friendly Isles, otliers Otaheite. John Harris alone was for the Marquesas ; he had long ago made that choice, and still remained unshaken in his resolution, desiring only to liave one or two to accompany him, and for that purpose was now using his interest with the young men, few of whom a& yet seemed inclined to settle at the Marquesas. In consequence of the probability of such a separation taking place, a meeting of the whole. body of missiona- ries was held, when, lifter a long conversa^on, it was moved, " That eight persons' and the chairman (the cap- tain) be chosen to draw up a code of church government for the future conduct of their little society, together with certain religious principles, to be signed by every individual.'' February 21st. Ninety-seven days had now passed since they left liiio Janeiro, and except one vessel, met with a week after their departure, tbey had not, in all this time, s^en cither ship or shore, and bad sailed, by log. fl34 VOYAGES ROUND THK WOllLl>. 13,820 miles, a greater distance probably than was ever before luii without touching at any place for re- freshmenr, or seeing land. About seven in the morning Toobouai was discovered from the fore- yard by one of the seamen, bearing south-east-by-east, eight or nine lea- gues off, shewing at this distance like two separate is- lands. This island was discovered by Captain Cook in the year 1777; and upon it the unhappy Fletcher Chris- tian, with his companions, the mutineers of the Bounty, attempted a settlement in 1789. Having frequently dis* cussed the subject of the separation of the brethren among the three groups of islands, the Marquesas, the Society, and Friendly Islands ; February 27th, being the day appointed, the society met, and the business of the day was opened in the usual manner, when there appear- ed. for each group as in the following list:-* Otaheite, — Reverends, J. F. Cover, Johf) Eyre, John Jefterson, Thomas Lewis; Messrs. H. Bicknell, B. Broom- hall, J. Cock, S. Clode, J. A. Gillham, Wni. Henry, P. Hodges, R. HasseM, £. Main, H. Nott, F. Cakes, J. Puckey, Wm. Puckey, Wm. Smith ; which, with five wo- men and two children, make in all twenty-five for Ota- heite. Tonga^tahoo, — Messrs. B. Bowell, J. Buchanan, J. Cooper, S. Harper, S. Kelso, J. Nobbs, W. Shelly, G. Veeson, J. Wilkinson, — Gaulton, (a probationer.) Santa Christina,'^ Messrs. J. Harris, W. Crook. Nothing material occurred till Saturday morning, March 4th, when they beheld the long-wished-for island of Otaheite, but at a great distance. The morning (Sun- day) was pleasant, and, with a gentle breeze, they had by" seven o'clock got abreast of the district of Atahooroo, whence they saw several canoes putting off and paddling towards them with great speed ; at the same time it fell calm, which being in their favour, they soon counted se- venty-four canoes, many of them double ones, containing about twenty persons each. Being so numerous, they fndeavoured to keep them from crowding on-board ; but in spite of all efforts to prevent it, there were soon not less than 100 of them dancing and capering like frantic persons about the decks, crying, ** Tayo, Tayo V' and a few broken sentences of English were often repeated. They had no weapons of any kind among them ; how- MISSIONARY \OY/fGE.— 1707. 536 cfer, to keep them in awe, sonu; of the great guns wert ordered to be hoisted out of the hold, whilst they, as free from the apprehension as the intention of mischief, cheerfully assisted to put them on their carriages. When the first ceremonies were over, the missionaries began to view their new friends with an eye of enquiry ; their wild disorderly beh viour, strong smell of the co> coa-nut oil, together with the tricks of the arreois, lessened the favourable opinion they had formed of them ; nei- ther could they see aught of that elegance and beauty in their women for which they have been so greatly cete<« brated. This at first seemed to depreciate them in the estimation of the brethren ; but the cheerfulness, good- nature, and generosity of these kind people soon removed the momentary prejudices. One very old man, Manne Manne, who called himself a priest of the Eatooa, was very importunate to be tayu with the captain ; others, pre- tending to be chiefs, singled out such as had the appear- auce of officers for theit tayos ; but as they neither ex- ercised authority over the unruly, nor bore the smallest mark of diMinction, they thought proper to decline their proposals till they knew them and the nature of the engagement better. At this they seemed astonished, but still more when they saw their indifference about the h<^s, fowls, and fruit, which they had brought in abuu- dance. The brethren endeavoured to make them under- stand, that this was the dav of Eatooa, and that in it thev durst not trade ; but their women repulsed, occasioned greater wonder. They continued about the decks till the transports of their joy gradually subsided, when many of tnem left of their own accord, and others were driyen away by the old man, and one named Maurpa, who now exercised a little authority. Those who i^e- mained were chiefly arreoies from Ulietea, in number about forty ; and being brought to order, the brethren proposed having divine service upon the ouarter-deck. Mr. Cover officiated ; he, perhaps, was the nrst (bat ever . mentioned with reverence the Saviour's name to these poor heathens. Such hymns were selected as had the most harmonious tunes ; first, " O'er the gloomy hills of darkness ;*' then *' Blow ye the trumpet, blow y' and at the conclusion, " Praise Grod from whom all blessings flow." The text was from the first epistle general of 5MI VOYAGES ROUND TUB WOBLO. Johog cbaf>. Hi. ver. 23^ <* God is; love/' Tlie whole service lasted about an hour and a quarter. During sermoa and pray«r the natives were <|aiet and thought- ful ; but whe» the pinging struck up» they seemed charm-^ ed and filled with amaaement; sometimes they would talk and laughs but a nod of the head brought them to ordtir. Upon the whole, their unweariedness and quiet- ness weve astonishing ; and, indeed, all who heard ob- served a peculiar solemnity and excellence in Mr. Cover's ajGJdresS'On that day. They had hitherto received very unsatisfactory answers to their inqiuiries after the Matilda's crew; but at last stkw two of them coming in a canoe : these wereSwedes, dtessed in the teboota and maro as the natives, and tat- towed also about the legsand arm»: having got on* board they were called into the cabin, and gave tlie Ibllowing account of themselves : — The youngest, named Andrew Cornelius Lind^ about thirty years of age*, a native of Steekiiolm, said, that after the loss* of the Klatildft they took to their boats, and bearing down towards Otaheite, landed on the 6th of March, 179^» on the s«mtii side of the island ; they were imnuediately plundered of all they had^ bul! afterwards treated kindly by the natives. Since thailv the captain and most of the crew had gone home- wflcd by dilffierent methods: six of them decked one of their boats/ and setoff towards New Holland; but it wmi improbable thev would ever reach thither. The otlicr, whose name is Peter Haggerstein, aged forty, a native of Elsinforsi in Swedish Finland, was left here by Cafitain. New of the Daedalus. They both spoke tolera- bly good English, and being well- acquainted with the Otaheitean tongue, the brethren entertained a hope tliat they would prove uf great service. AJnost the whole afternoon it rained hard till near fouF c^elock, when they had some intervals of fair wea- ther; then the csptaiuj Mamie Manne, the two Swedes, with brother Coyer, Henry, and a few mote of the mis- sienaides^ went on-shore, in ord^r to examine a large heu^e; st«inding on the extremity of Point Venus. They ca41ed it £ Fwharre no pritane, (the British House,) and said it had been built by Pomarre, for Captain Bh'gh, wlio> had said he should come back and reside there. It is a large and spacious building of an oblong figure, 108 BnSSTONilRY VOTAGE.-^17»7. 637 feel long and fect^-eigki wide. About three feet within the sides stand pillars aH round, about nine feet long, and six feet distant from each othci'. About oae fo^fe from tliesie pillard, on the outside, runs a skreen of bamboo all round, except about twenty feet ia the middle on both sides. The chief of the district (an old man name P^teah) welcomed them: to the island, said that the house was theirs, and should be cleared fbr their reception the next day. Manne Maiine, tlie aged higb-priest,^ bad bvougbt tire of hi& wives witb hkii on-boaid, not one of whieb ex- ceeded fifteen years old, and desired^ he miglit sleep in the cabiifr ; and, according to the custom of the country, very cordially desired; Caiptain Wilson, bis tayo, to take his choice, and could hardly persuade himself he was se- rious in deelinifjg to offer ; nor failed the next morning to^ inquire of them which he had chosen. The rain prevented the mi&sioniiries landing till near eleven in the forenoon ; when the captain, Mr. Jeiferson (president,) with a few more of the missionaries, went on-shore, accompanied by Manne Manne and Peter. The natives had assembled upon the beach to the num- ber of 4 OF 500, and as the boat approached some ran into the water, and laying hold of her tiauled her aground, then took the captain and missionaries on their backs, and carried them dry on-shore. They were received by the jopng king (Otoo) and bis wife Tetua, both car- ried on men's shoulders. The captain now inlbrmed the king, through Peter as interpreter, that their only in^ dueement ror leaving Pretane to come and visit them was to do fllem good, by instructing them' in the beat and most asefiil things ; and for this end', some good men id^ tend'ed to settle among them ; requiring, on their part,, the l^ee gii\ of a piece of land suffietently stocked with bread-firuit and cocoa-nnt trees, and sio ls»ge as to con^ tavn a garden and admit of houses being iMkilt upon it, tbstth«s laiid srhottld be their own, tlkit they would not, on a»y account, intermed>dle in their wars, nor empjoy their ar^ms but^r seif^efence, and at all times should Hve free and Unmolested among theni'; to* which, il he conseifted, titey would stay on the i9laBd, if not, they would* go ehiewhere. Much paiii^were taken to make^ thb plain, but as Otoo appeared; to be a vacant-looking person, they doubted whether he understood the half of % A 5 638 VOTAOBS ROVVO THRvWOKLD. it, though he signified the large house was their qwn, and they might take what land they pleased. After dinner Otoo and his wife came off, each in ii small canoe, with only one man paddling ; whilst they went several times round the ship, the queen was fre- quently baling her canoe with a cocoa-nut shell. He ap- pears tall and well-made, about seventeen; his queen handsome and finely proportioned, about the same age, and always carried about, on-shore, on men's shoulders. The king appears thoughtful, speaks little, but surveys things with attention. , 8th. It rained hard all thie mormng till about nine o'clock, when it cleared up, and the missionaries went on-shore with their chests and beds, and took possession of their house. The first thing with the house was to close it quite round with the thicker sort of bamboo, tixing a door on each side, and by this means to keep the natives from crowding them. The several births or apartments were next planned, and partitions of smaller bamboo begun ; but in consequence of the great distance the natives had to go up the valley for these bamboos, the work went but slowly on, though one man stripped his own house to supply them. — 10th. The captain landed for the purpose of presenting some she wy dresses to the young king and his wite. They met liim at tbc beach as usual ; Peter informed him of what was intend- ed, and, shewing him the box which contained tu,; trea* sure, desired Otoo to walk towards his house, a tempo- rary shed they had erected for the purpose of being near '^irr people. This was complied with, and when they came near, the captain, stopping under a tree, ordered them to form a ring, and placine the box in the midst, Oloo was requested to alight, that the brethren mi^t dress him; he replied, by and byf and gazed sullenly lor a considerable time, till the patience of the captain was pretty well exhausted ; repeating the request and receiT* ing no answer, they opened the box, and on taking out the dress for the queen, she ihftantly alighted from the maO'S shoulder, and Otoo followed her exi^nple. , *^t faney^^ap fitted her exceedingly well, and she seemed very proud of it, but it was only by unripping, tluittiie other articleis could be put upon her or Qtoo« The cip- tain told him that the Msees of Pretane tjbopglit ln^ f at MISSIONARY VOY AG 1.-1797. dU^ not yet so stout a man. Dressed complete in this gaudy attire, the surrounding crowd gazed upon tbeia with admiration. She, true to the foibles of her sex, i«p- peared delighted, but Otoo thought little of them, s%yine. an axe, a musket, a knife, or a pair of scissars, were more valuable, which was saying more for himself than they expected, or that he had even sense to do. After din- ner next day, the pinnace was manned for thf*- women and children, and, by the captain's desire, M<. Wilson accompailied them ved him, and that the' carees' of Pretane did tie same; and that eat. of regard ft>r him and his people, they had sent this ship, with' some of the best men, purposely to d(o them gooct: and* tfien desired to know, whetller he wa^ pleased that part of our number should reside on hi» island. He immediately answered in the aflirniative. A piece of land for their use was next mentioned to him ; to which, after afew worda with his privy-counsellbr Iddeah, he answered, that the whole district of Matavar should be given to the EngKsb, to do with it what they plearsed. — 14th. This morning Manne Manne and several others came on-board, alf behaving respectfully to Pomarre. The eaptain, in order to cuN liviite his triendslnp, made him a present of an excellent single-cased metal watch, with wliich he was very mu«h pleased; observing, that none before ever made him a present of the kind. ICHh. This being tlie day appointed by Pomarre for ceding in form the district of Matafvai to tlie Bnglisb, the captain landed upon Point Venus ; was there received by the chief, and* conducted near to the missionary house. Most of the brethren from' the ship, and all on- shore, ^vere present at thi* ceremony. Peter the Swede took, as usual, the office of interpi'eter. ** The scene," savH Mr. Bowell, was laid beA>re the door of tlie mis- s4onary>house, at some distance froni which a rope was stretched, to keep off the crowd. Pomaire, Iddeah, Otoo, his wife and brothers, went al90 withoiit the rope. Manne Manne, who' alone aeted>the partof eonveyancer, remained within with the captain and brethren'. Be then desired Peter tio-tell the captain all tliat he should say, and began by preftnsing his oration with tow», tews, kcorf in order to attract general attention; then went on enumerating all the Eatooas of Otaheite, £imeo>, m^ tlie Society Isles ; next tlic distrieto and their chiefs in regular order; and lastly, the ships and their comman- ders, from Wallis, Bougainville, an^ Cook, (kiwn to the Duif and her captain, concluding with the formal sur- render of th^ district of Matavai ; obseruif^, that they might take what houses, trees, fruity liogs, &c. they thought proper. This strange speech was delivered very deliberately by the old priest, wh6^ while he sppke^ sat M(I3S1«I«A,R7 VOTA6B.— 1797. 541 in au odil' pm^iite, half bent opon. his heels, holdiimp with one hand, the fope, and frequently aeratching his head and nibbing his eyes with the other. These peculiarities were oauglit by his mimicking couutrymeB, who after- wavds turned tiutm into humoujrous pantomiiiie» 19iih. It haiving^ been made itnown that they intended to address the natives this morning, numbers of tbeni tw- senibled early round their dwelling ; among Utem wa» Pomarre and his sister ; he had been inquiring a d' teanS' were silent and solemnly attentive. After service Pomarre took brother Cover by the hand, and pronounced the WQrd o0 approbation, my ty, my ty. Being asked if he had understood what waa said^ he repliied, ** There were no such- things befoie m Otaheite ; and they were not to be learned at once, but that he would wait the coniting of (the Eatooa) God.'' Desiring to know if he might be permitted to attend again, he wasi tx)ld, yes. Being conducted into the house,, he and his wife dined witii them and- departed. As Peter the Swede had offered to go with them to the Friendly Islands, the captiMU consented, thinking that he might be serviceable on some occasions as interpreter. He purposed taking witk him a young woman named IVmno Manno, with whonn he had for some time lived as his wife, a maa> the mutineers had named Tom, and a hoy called Uarraway. The two last Mr.. Crook, Who had already made great pcoficiency in the Otaheitean language, thought might be great helps to liim. The natives understood they were now about to leave them for some months, but the captain's intention was to lie a few days at Eiineo, and, previoua to setting off for the 542 VOTAOEB ROUND THF WOftLB, Marquesas, to touch again in if ^'*vai bay, ivhen he might probably learn how the nai /es were likely to behave during their absence. About an hour before day-light weighed, with a light air from the south-east. Kep\ running alokig the edge of the coral reefs towards Taioo harbour. This harbour is on the north-side of the island ; the bottom so clear, that vou distinctly see the coral, with its beautiful branches* Here they first saw a tupapow ; the flesh was quite gone ; the skin, like parchment stretched over the bones, remained i the natives seemed averse to their examining it. Two posts about six feet long are let into the ground at each end ; on these a broad plank is laid, and the corpse is there extended, wrapped in cloth, to dry, and a small shed, like a boat inverted, placed over it to keep out the rain. The bad conduct of the captain's steward had been often noted, though the missionaries were re- luctant to complain. This nad at last exhausted the pa- tience of the captain, who turned him out of the cabin before the mast. This evening, going on-shore with others to bathe, he secreted himself, having contrived to §et some of his things on-shore unknown to any but the wede. 25th. At six A. M,, with a light breeze from south* south-eAst, weighed and stood out of Taloo harbour. Towards evening saw Tethuroa, lowland, about twenty- four miles from Otaheite. — 26th. About four in the afternoon tacked the ship close in with One Tree Hill» hoisted the colours, and fired a gun ; upon hearing of wtiich, Messrs. Cover, Lewis, Henry, Gillham,and others, came off in a double canoe, and reported that all was well. The wind being fresh to east, they filled their 4op-sail», and left them (ar astern, the ship steering for the Friendly Islands. The day following their departure from Matavai they passed to the southward of the'Society Islands, in sight €i' Huaheine, Ulietea, Otaha, and Bolabola ; then, with a fine fiiir wind and pleasant weather, shaped a course Ibr Paloierston's Island, which they intended to visit, as it la^ directly in their way» Accordinsly, on the Ist of April, a little before day, saw it beannfi west, distant about two leagues, then running nearer, hoisted out the pinnace and joUy-boat,, and attemoted. hiAding on the MISSIONARY yOYAaB.~17^. 643 he to south-caiteroaost iilet ; but finding it impracticable, ou account of the surf breaking high on every part of the. surrounding reef, they bore down to the next islet, which is the south-westernmost, and found it almost as bad to land upon as that they had left. On Wednesday, the 5th of April, saw Savage IsUnd, but did not get near it before dark. In passing the north-end perceived three lights, and on the west>side seven more. They now shaped a course for Tonsataboo. On Sunday, the 9tb, at ten A. M. saw the land. Passing to the northward of Eoo-aije, steered west-south-west, to the entrance, then west-by-south and west, up the harbour, followed by a canoe and several others, which put off from the eastern part of the main island and the islets, that lie scattered upon the reef* Their followers were now all eager to come on-boaid ; but though they were willing to grant them every pru- dent indulgence, yet they were too numerous to have free access. After dinner a chief, named Futtafaihe, was introduced to the captain, as a person of great power in Tougataboo; and indeed such be appeared; he >^a8 about forty years of age, stout and well-proportioned, of an open, free countenance, noble demeanour, and a gait stately, or rather pompous, for by it alone they should have taken him for a very great man. After the captain bad made him a present of an axe, a looking-glass, and some Mther articles, he |ook his leave, and was hardly from the ship when two Europeans made their appear- ance ; they came alongside wiuiout hesitation, and slip* ping on-board with alacrity, gave them the unspeakable pleasure, of hearing their own language spoken by them. One, nam<^fl Benjamin Ambler, says, that he was born i^ the parisb of Sbadwell, London ; and that his parents now keep a public-house in Cannon-street. He is a bold, talka ive, presuming fellow, seems to speak the language fluently, an4 says that he learnt it with great facility. J#ii Qonpelly is a native of Cork in Ireland, by trade 9 cooper, and is far lest talkative than his comrade. A 9 Irishman named Morgan remained at Anoamooka ; thc^ iwd been,, about thirteen months at X ongataboo* ,v,A>n^leF;ip^<>'>Bed them that FattJuGiMhe was a grea^ chpef, afiid presided over all the eastern part of the is;* land; ^t that thfr<$ was on old man pamed 'Tibo Moo^ 644 VO>TA6BS ROVn^D TKB WO>Rlili laooe, of great pewer^ mmI> generate esi^mmd m Mnff over the isfoud : sifpreseiil, tbey9aid,he wa»iiiiabfii^st4t« of health, for which- reason he eould not gratiiy hi» desire to conre on-board when tfhe ship first eaa« t» anchor. A boat ten^ o'clock in the forenoon AinUer asd Gonoelly came with a present of three hogs anct some yams fram Moomooe, informing them that hioisel ^intended lofoUow^ Accordingly the venerable chief was very soon alongaidr, but was long before he d^rst ven^uf e np the ladder, foaiw ing he hv^ net streni^ s^ttcienl* for tie task ; ha at last, however; mack the tiriaii bat ^as so exhausted thefeby, that be wa» olMij^d> to rest himself at fh«' gangways thenee his attendants fed htm to the ^arler-ctedit teddet, where be agaiW sat down, saying that he would not go before the captain till he was shaved ; and t^ pleaae lum iff this, Af^. m-rris began the operatfon, and ifeiisbed it much t sionaries, interrogating Mbomooe as to his willingness for them to reside there, and al^o what provisk>n he would make for tbem ; to wbrch'he answered, that for the pre- sent the^ should have a house near his Own, until one more suitable eouM be provided; they should also have' a piece of land for their use i and he would take care that neither their property nor persons sbocrhi be mo- tested; adding that, if tb^plea^d, they urfght go on- shore and examine the bouse, wlten, if they did not like the situation, he would order it to be removed to any spot they preferred, for this he could; have done in a few hours. At nine o'clbck Ambler came ^ off wit^ Toogahowe, who had alteady ag^ieed with the former to take all the brethren under his protection, also to give them a house, and the land attached to It, for their use. Tiaogahovi e, ^y Ambler's account, is the most powerful* chief in the ^^^ \ 544 _ - ^ "^^^ ^mm , *^^:-r. /;-3 ! Mi ^ -' '""'r'-rt^- • , ■ — ^^ ^ -, yJsialouka in Tonga iiibim. ; gaon- notlike I to any IB a few ;allowe, ratiowe, in the Mismnary Howe, in Ocuheite, MISSION AI^Y VOYAGE^— 1797. 54& iflanit ; is tke greatest warrior, and in consequeace not only a tevror to tbe chiefs of Tongtttaboo, but likewise to those of tbe adjacent islands. In the afternoon a canoe cane for the missionaries' things, and was im- mediately loadfcd ; Bowell Buchanan, Gaulton, Harper, Shelley, Vecson, and Wilkinson, accompanied by B, Am- bler, embarked in it, and proceeded westward to a place called Aheefo. A petty chief, named Cocmnabye, was ordered by Toogahowe to go with them and see that no* thing was lost. Kelso, Cooper, and Nobs, remained on*, board to prepare the rest of the things. The cargo brought on-shore was surrounded by a hundred persons, Miio alarmed brothers Harper and another, but Mytyle ordered the chests into a house near, and dismissed the people, threatening if any man, during the night, ap. preached to steal, he should be put to death. So the brethren li^ down on mats, in perfect security, till waked by Mytyle, at one o'clock in the mornrng*, to par* take of air entertainment, which he had provided, of nsfa^ hot yamSj cocoa* mit», vith the proposal, and said that he would give them a house and a share in all that himself had. After this h«t went on-shor3'; Mr. Wilson followed, with Mr. Harris, Mr. Crook, Peter, and Otaheitean Tom. Tenae received them tmon the beach, and conducted them to omp. of his best houses, intimating that it was for the use of the brethren, and that tney might occupy it as soon as they pleaded. To convey an idea of what this and all their best- built houses are like, it is only necessary to imagine one of our own of one story high, with a high peaked roof; cut it lengthwise exactly down the middle, you would then have two of their houses, only built of iel liferent materirils. The 8th, Teua^^ was now more familiar than at his first visit, and surveyed the cabin with a degree of attention^ but not with the penetration and discernment of the Friendly islanders. Happening to touch the wire of the cabin-bell, he was struck with astonishment and savage wonder; he rant; the betl again and again, and puzzled himself a queirtei of an hour to find whence the sound proccHed, S ndav, the natives crowded off as usual; 648. VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. but, on being told that the ship was tiib€K> for tiiat day, they all »wa» back to the shore. On the 20th Mr. Harris ancl Crook caaie on-board, aud held a meeting with the captain respecting: their stay. Mr. Harris complained of the poverty oi the place ; said that be could not eat the mahie, &c. Crook declared his determination to stay, even though Harris should leave him. On the 24th the tishermcn, whom they hauled in at the quarter-gallery at first coming, swam off at break of day, and informed them that Mr. Harris bad been on the beach all the night with bis cbest) and had been robbed of most of his things. Tenae, it seenn, wanted to treat them with an excursion^ to another valley, to which Crook readily agreed, but Mr. Harris %vould not consent. The chief seeing tfais^ anddesiroutit of obliging b>im, not considering any fanreur to* great, left him hh wife, to be treated as if she were his own, till the chicJt came back again. Mr. Harris told bim thai be did not want the woman; how- ever, ske Icoked up tio hirn as her husband, and finding herself treated with total neglect, became doubtful of his sex, and aeqmaintcd some of the other females with her suspicion. Discovering so many strangers, he was greatly terrified ; and, perceiving what they had been doing, was determined to leave a place where the people were so abandoned and given up to wickedness, a cause which should liave excited a contrary resolution. Crook is a young man of twenty-two, remarkably serious and steady, always employed in the improvement of his mind, and applied .vith great diligence to the attainment of the language. He also possesses a very good genius, and no; doubt will contrive many things to benefit the poor creatures he lives with ; and as the valley is cape ?Ke of great improvement, tliey should not be surprised to liear of thiiir and the islands adjacent beconnng very plentiful places by his means. He ha^ various linds of garden-seeds, implements, medicines. Sec, aik £ncyclo« pedia, and other useful books. The 27th, at four in the morning, they weighed and stood out of the bay with a light air easterly. Their religioas ceremonies "^semble those of the Society Islands. They have a morai in each district, where the dead are buried beneath a pavement of large stones, but with such ex- ceptions as in the case of the chief Honoo. They have MfrS»IONARY VOYAGE.— 1797. 540 ay. nd stood religious They e buried uch ex- »ey have a mnltitude of deities. Tliose most frequenrly mentioned are Opooamaiine, Okeeo, Oenamoe, Opee-peetye, Onooko, Oetanow, Fatec-aitapoo, Onoetye ; but none ulio seem su|)erior to the rest, thougli the extent of information is small on this h Tad. Thev only offer hogs in sacrifices, and never men; The chief Tenae presides over fonr dis- tricts, Ohitahoo, Taheway, and Innamei, all opening into Resolution Bav» and Onopoho, the adjoining valley to the southward, ^e has four brothers: AeoWtaytay, Natooafeedoo, Oheephee, and Moeneenee ; but none of Iheni seem invested with anv authority ; and Te'nae him- self with less than tbe Otaheitean chiefs. Tliere is no regular government, established lav^, or punishments ; hut custom is the general rule. July 3d fell in with Tiookea, a lagoon island, many of which lie scattered abcwt this part of the ocean, and ren- dcr the navigation in dark weather dangerous. On the 6th, at seven in the morning, they saw the high land of Oinheite ; and at noon, being close in, ran between the Dolphin Bank and Point Venus Reef, and came to anchor in Matavai Bay. The natives crowded off, all exceedingly glad to see them; tbe brethren followed in aflat-bottomed boat, which they had been desired to build for the purpose of passing the shallow entrance of the river with tlie goods. The rep^f^ V'^^^ f Poniarre and Iddeah came at noon^ and going itifo the married brethren's apartment, found lliem conversing with the arreoies on the evil of destroying infants. Id- deah was particularly addressed on tlie subject, us she too was pregnant by a toutou, who cohabited with her, ami was also of the arreoie society. Pomarre and Iddeah had for some time ceased to cohabit ; he had taken ano- ther wife, and she one of her servants; but they lived in the same slate of friendship, and with no loss of dignity. The brethren endeavoured to convince he^ of the dread- fulness of murder, in a mother especially. They pro- mised to receive the child immediately, and it should be no trouble to her ; but she was sullen and made no re- ply. They then addressed Pomarre, and entreateps with the tools they had when it was raised ; for it was before iron came among them ; and as they were ifm^rant of mortar, or cement, it required all tlie care they hav« taken tv. fit the stones regularly to each other, timt it might stand. When Sir Joseph Banks saw this place, tliere was, on the centre of the summit, a representation 5;2 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. of a bird, carved in wood; and, dose by it, the'fi!;ure of a fish, carved in stone ; but both are now gone, and ilie stones of the upper steps are in many fjilaces iallen; the walls of the court have v\^ gone much Id ruin, and the flat pavement is only in ?ome places discernible The above gentleman, speaking of this court, says, " the pyramid constitutes one side of a court or square, tiie sides of wliich were nearly equal ; and the whole was walled in and paved with rit stones : notwithstanding which pavement, several plantains and trees, which the natives call etoa, grew within tlie enclosure/' At pre- sent there is wkhin this square a house, called the house of the Eatooa, in wbicli a man constantly resides. Sir Joseph further says, |V that at a small distance to the westward of this edifice was another paved square, that coistained several ismail atages, oaU«d eM^ttas by tlie natives, which appeared to be altars whet^on tliey placed the offerings to their fKods ;" and that he aft<^i- wards saw whole hogs placed upon these stages, or altars. The guide led to this spot, which appears also to have gone much to ruin ; lie shewed the altar, which is a heap of stones, and how they lay their offering: upon it ; he then went a few yards back, and laying' hold of an uprigbt stone, like a grave-stoiie, he knelt with one knee, and looking upwards, l>egan to call on t^e Eatooa, by crying, " Whooo, whooo;" and by afterwards mak. ing a whistling noise, intimated it to be the way in which the Eatooa answered them. Before dinner thi^ act off with the chief to see a morai, wl^re it wa» said Ike laikof the Eatooa vras deposited, and which had l»eea«OBJeetiired hy soaw visitors to bear a dmitiiude in form to the ark of the «o^«iant. Though it was about «M)B» da the road they felt little of Ihe beat .of the sun : loity bfead-fruit trees atforded them a piea . sant shade ; and, as there wns but little underwood, they felt no andos^nce, except from a Hew flies. Turmeric and ;giK^r. abininidedy ulso the wild cotton^tree. The morai stands on the no^ side of theTaitey, about a mile | or fliore from the beach ; it is erected on level ground, enclosed with a square wooden fence» each side of^wliicli may measure thirty or forty yards. About one half of I the platform, next the interior side of the square, ii paved, and on this pavement, nearly in the middle, there U le, and t alien; m, and ermbk , says, square, lole was (tfinding hich the At pre- le house les. Sir e to the are, that I by the eon they he aftei- tages, or )ears also tir, which r offeriiiii; lyinie: hold t with one le Eatcoa, irds mak. ie way in »e a morai, dejyosited, 9rs to bear . Though jf the heat aem a plea jfTood, they Turmerii tree. The lM)ut a mile | ^el ground, leor-wljicli me half of I square, is ddle, there Great Moral, Otaheite. Rhrai and y^ltar. IMAGE EVALUATrON TEST TARGET (MT-S) k A // ^% .^4 '^ :/ 1.0 1.1 IM U^ 2.2 » lift llllim ■ L25 |||.4 1.6 .. ■ ^1 6" ► ^^ A^ ^>' 7 /iS^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRKT WiBSTH.N.Y, 145S0 (716) S72-4503 ..•^ ^ 6^ i ) i MISSIONARY yOTAOB. — 1797. 568 staqds an altar opon sixteen woodea pillars, eaah eight feet high ; it is ratrty feet long and seven feet iHde : on tbe top of the pillui the platfom for the offiriagt is laid, with thick matting upon it, which oTerhanginji each side, fohns a deep fringe all around it. Upon this mat- ting are offerings of wmie hogs, turtle, large fish, plan- tains, young cocoa-nuts, dec. the whole in a state of putr^actron, which sends an offensive smell all round the place A large space on one side of the fence was broken down, and a heap of rough stones laid in the gap: upoii these stones, and in a line with the fence, were placed what they call tees ; these were boards from six to sev^n feet high, cut into various shapes. At a comer near this atood a house and two sheds, where men con- stantly attended. They entered the house, and found at one end the little house. Or ark of the EJeitooa; it was made exactly like those they set on their canoes, but smaller, being about four feet long, and three in height and breadth. As it contained no&ing but a few pieces of cloth, they inquired wbe^e they had hid the £atooa: they answered, that it had been taken in the morning to a small morai near the water-side, but that they would im- mediately bring it, wliicb they did in about half an hour. Though the English had not viewed this place without feeling for the poor creatures, yet, when they hud their Eatooa on the ground, they could hardly restrain a laugh. It was in shape exactly like a sailor's hammock lashed op, and composed of two parts, the larger one Just the size of the house, and the lesser, which was lashed upon it, was about half that site; at the ends were fastened little bunches of red and yellow feathers, the offerings of the wealthy. On their way back they called to see the body of Ore- piali, as preserved in a tupapow : he had not been many months dead, and was now in a perfectly dry state. The man to whom the performance of this operatioii was en- trusted lived close by, and came pear when he saw then. He seemed quite willing to oblige, and asked if they would like to see the body unshrouded ; for, as it lay* nothing could be seen but the feet Answering in the affirmative, he drew it out upon the uncovered stage, and took several wrappers o( cloth off it ; and, laughing alitbe while, placed the corpse in a sitting posture. The 2B 654 VOTAOES ROUND TUR WORLD. body Jitd beei4 opened, but the skin every where else was unbroken, ana, adhering close to the bones, it ap- peared like a skeleton covered with oil-cloth. It had little or no smell, and would, notwithstanding, the heat of the climate, remain so preserved for a consider- able! time. The method they take for this is, to clear the body of the entrails, brain, &c.; then washing it well; they rub it daHy outside and iu with cocoa<>nut oil, till the flesh is quite dried up; after which they leave it to the all-destroying hand of Time. This tupapow was constructed by driving four long stakes in the ground, about six feet asunder, lengthwise, and four in breadth: besides these, two others, not so long by three feet, are driven on a line, and six feet from the former four ; a stage is then made at the height of the shortest two, and the corpse being laid at one end, a thatched roof is raised upon the &ur highest stakes, to shelter ittfrom the rain; tne vacant part of the stage is to pull it upon, either for rubbing with the oil, or exhibiting it to the friends and relations of the deceased. On the adjoining trees, plantains and bread-fruit hung for the use of tlie dead. They asked them, where the^' thought his spirit, or thinking part, had gonel At this they smiled, and said, ** Harre po," that is, " Gone to the night.'' They were now extremely anxious to ascertain the population of the island, which, from a variety of cir- cumstances, appeared to them infinitely less populous than as represented by Captain Cook and others. For this purpose two or three of them set off, accompanied by reter, the Swede, as interpreter. Stopping at the house of Inona Madua, widow of Orepiah, tney communicated their purpose to her head-servant. Aheine Eno, appa- rently an intelligent fellow, who instai^tly suggested a mode of counting, which they afterwards adopted. He laid that in Whyripoo there were four matteynas, and to each matteyna there were ten tees. A matteyna, he said, i^s a priucipal house, distinguished either by a degree of rank in its ancient or present owner, or by a portion of land being attached to it ; and sometimes on account of its central situation to a few other houses. It sets up a tee, or image, at the moral, which entitles it to the liberty of worshipjnng there, and the other houses claim d part in the same privilege, and are thence called tees; r« else it ap- It bad tie heat msider- clear it well; oil, till ve it to ow was ground, ireadth : feet, are four ; a wo» and roof is from the it upon, it to the d joining e of the lis spirit, led, and 'tain the y of cir- lous than For this tanied by [he house lunicated 0, appa- Ingested a ted. He s, and to , he said, a degree a portion 1 account It sets up it to the ises claim lied tees; MlSIIOlfARY irOTAGK.~1797. 5M from what they saw, allowing sii peraoni to each ant* teyna and tee, tb« population ia as follows :r- DIftrtcti. '« • a^* • • 1 Whyi^ipoo % W|iapi, callin;*; out as he approached the ship, " All's well. His business^ it seemed, was to communicate something concerning Tucker ; but he was so stupified with ava» that lie could not articulate a word. The coming of another canoe explained the matter. In this last were three of the mis<' sionaries, Iddeali, two of Otor/s servants, and Tucker bound, who cursed Otoo heartily for his creacbery It appears that Otoo had been privy to the whole affair and had himself daily fed Tucker. August 4th. Light airs of wind. At eight A. M. weighed anchor, and stood out of Matavai-bay Wheu 2b2 t^&66 Va^AOBS ROUND THE WORLD. tO'lMwtrd of Huaheiney canoes came alongside : in one of them was'Coiinor, one of the Matilda's crew. To their astonishment, he had forgotten his native tongue, being abl^ ^o recollect only a few words: and if he be^n a sentence in English, he was obliged to finish it m the language of the islands* Next day at noon were no far- ther than between Otaha and Borabora. A few canoes came off from both islands ; but as it was Sunday, agree- ably to the rule invariably followed, they had no inter- course with them. Oq the i7th, came in sight of Eopa, ' and next day moored ship in the harbour of Tongataboo. Before they had anchored, George Veeson, one of the missionaries, came off, and informed them that the bre- thren were all well, Isaac Nobbs excepted ; and that, for reasons judged most prudent, they had separated into small parties, and were now with different chiefs. Bow- ell and Harper were together with a chief mamed Vaar- jee, who resides at a place called Ardeo, Veeson with Midicemar, a chief of the district of Ahoge, thirty miles from Ahe^fo, and Copper with Mooree at Ahoge, the rest were still at Aheefo. At the funeral of Moondoe, who died in Aprils brothei Bowell went with Ambler to Bunghye to see the cere- ionony, and found about 4000 persons sitting round the pUce where the fiatooka stands. A few minutes after their arrival they heard a p;reat shouting and blowing of cunch-shells at a small distance ; soon after about 100 men ippeared, armed with clubs and spears, and rushing' into tne area^ began to cut and mangle themselves in a most dreadful manner ; many struck their heads violently with their clubs; and the blows, which might l>e heard thuty or forty yards off, they repeated till the bloipd ran down in streams. Others who had spears, thrust them through their thighs, arms, and ' cheeks, all the while calling; on the deceased in a most affectionate manner. A native of Feejee, who had been a servant of the deceased, appeared quite frantic ; he entered the area with fire in his hand, and having pre- viously oiled his hair, set it on fire, ana ran about with it HI on flame. When they had satisfied themselves with jAh manner of torment, they sat down, beat their faces with their fists, and then retired. A second party went jirough the same cruelties, and after them a third en- : in one To their e, being >e^n a it in the ! no far- f canoes agree- 10 inter- >f Eooa, ' jalaboo. of the the bre- that, for t^d into .< Bow- el Vaar- lon with ty miies the rest brothei ^e cere- >und the tes after >wing of )out 100 1 rushing' emselves if heads » which repeated irho had ms, and A a most lad been itic; he ing pre- t with it ves with eir faces ty went bird en- MI8SI0NARY VOYAGE.— 1707. .'>67 tered, shouting and blowing the shells : four of the fore- most held itonet, with which thev used to knock out their teeth ; those who blew the shells cut their heads with them in a shocking manner. A man that bad a spear run it through his arm just above the elbow, and, with it sticking fast, ran about the area for some time. Ano- ther, who seemed to be i| principal chief, acted as if quite bereft of his senses ; he ran to every corner of the area, and at each station heal his head with a club till the blood flowed over his shoulders. A great heiva or mai was performed at tiie iiatooka of Moomoe; first by women in their best garments and finest mats : pieces of English clotb or silk were added as ornaments; the perfumed cocoa-nut oil dropping from their hnir. Two drums, and a vocal concert of men sitting round, accom- panied the women, who also sung and danced, perform- mg various evolutions in a most graceful manner. An old chief at intervals called out, " Fyfogee," or. Encore, and sometimes " Marea," or, well done. The natives expressed much surprise at obsenrine how different the missionary manners were from those of their countrymen, whose time is spent in idleness and profli- gacy. One of them has four wives, another three, and the other two. With su'ch men it was impossible for them to maintain any fellowship, and their envy and enmity they bitterly experienced. Ambler and Morgan bavins heard that they suspected them of having driven off theur hogs, came to their house and began to abuse them; and Morgan even kicked one of their number Seeing them determined to proceed further, a scuffle ensued, Morgan again struck with his club the person he had before kicked; but the blow did no great injury. They then desisted, finding themselves overpowered, but not from uttering the most horrid execrations both on them and also on themselves, if they did not prove bitter enemies, and murder them before morning. The government of Tongatabuo id so complex in itself, and the natives account of it so different, each taking h particular pride in exalting his own chief above otiiers, that it is difficult to come at any certainty concerning it. The fbllowing appears most consistent with the troth. This island bears an unrivalled sovereignty over the whole group, Feejee not excepted. The inhabitants of Feejee having long '<)go discovered this island, frequently 668 ▼OTAOBS ROUND THB WORLD. invaded and committed grent crueltiei in it ; but in an expedition which the Tbnga people made against them ' lately, undier the command of Toogahowe, Filatonga, and Cummavie, they completely routed and brought them into subjection, so tnat they now pay tribute to Tongataboo on certain occasions, the same as the other iiilandsj of which they saw an instance at the death of M oomooe Tongataboo is divided into three large dis- tricts, viz. Aheefo, at the north«west cnd^ over which Dugonaboola reigns with absolute Away.^ Mooa, the middle district, is under the same subjection to Futta- faihe; and Vftharlo has the same power over Ahoge, situate at the south-east part, each claiming a right of disposal over the lives and property of his own subjects, which the English have seen exercised most despotically. The fteople fully answer to the most favpuvable repre- sentations the world has ever received of thehn ; for surely no appellation was ever better applied thin that given to them by our countr^en, of wnich they seem very proud, since the brethren made them acquainted with it, and very Studious to render themselves more deserving of it. They possess many excellent qualities, which, were they enlightened with the knowledge of the gospel, would render tnem the most amiable pebple on earth; for instance, their bounty wa$ liberality to strangers is very great, and their generosity to one another unequal- led. It is no uncommon thing for them to complain they are d;^ing of hunger, uid, as soon as they receive food, to divide it among as many as are present, the first receiver generally leaving himself the smallest share, and often none at all. Their marriages are attended with very little ceremony, the only one seeu was that of Varjee, with whom bro- thers Bowell and Harper were some time resident. This was' inducted in the following manner : a young female having attracted his attention, he first informed his mo- ther that he wished to add her to the number df hb wives. She immediately communicated this to ^the damsel's fii- ther, and the proposal meeting his approbation, he clothed her in a new garment, and with attendants, and such, a quantity of baked hogs, yams, yava-root, &c» as he could afford, she was sent to her intended spouse, who being apprised of her coming, seated himself in his houae^ and received her in the sar'^e manner, and with at MISSIONAKT VOYA6K,;^1797. ftSf little pmolton, as be would have done any other visitor feasting on the provisions, and a good draught of yar concluded the whole, and the bride was at liberty eitbr to return to her father till again sent for, or take up her residence with her husband, which in this instance shf preferred. ^ultafaihe, on one occasion, roasted a large hog fov dinner, after which he accompanied them to the fiatookas of his ancestors : they lie ranged in a line eastward ftom his house, anion^ a grove of trees, and are many in num- ber, and of dimrent constructions ; some, in a square foroi, were not in the least raised above the level of the common ground ; a row of large stones formed the sides, and at each corner two high stones were placed upright at right angles to each other, and in a line with their respective sides ; others were such as the brethren des-< cribe that of Moomooe to be, and a third sort were built square like the first ; the largest of which was at the base 166 feet bv 140; it had four steps from the bottom to the top, that run quite Top. round, the pile; one stone com« posed the height of each step, a part of it l^ing sunk in tne ground; and some of these stones 5§feet. in the wall of the lower are im- mensely large; one, which they measured, was twenty-four feet Bjtee t by .twelve, aud two feet thick; these Futtafaihe informed them were brought in double canoes 5^ feet from the island of Lefooga.!""^ They are coral stone, and are -£ hewn into a tolerably good shape, 1^ both with respect to the straight- ness of their sides and the flatness of their surfaces.: They are now so hardened by the weather, that the great diiEculty they had in breaking a specimen of one corner made it not easy to coiyecture how the labour of hewing . them at first had been effected ; as, by the marks of an- tiquity which some of them bear, they must have been built long before Tasman shewed the natives an *ron-tool. On the 7th of September, weighed, and sailing iromTon- '* gataboo by tli^ northern, passage, passed close by the sm^l) « » c a 91 Pre: le of the Steps. MO ▼OTAOB8 ROUND THE W0RL6. islands of Honga Harpy and Honga Tonga. They had brisk gales and a hollow sea all the night ; extensive reefs surrounded them. In viewing their situation from aloft it appeared very critical, and occasioned the island already to be called Danger Island. At daybreak on the 1 8th bore away, and ran au>ng the north-side of Sir Charles Mid- dleton's Islands. At nine o'clock at night, no danger appearing, they thought themselves safe ; but were pre- sently alarmed by the ship striking iipon a coral reef, upon which the sea hardly broke, to give the least warn- ing. All hands were upon deck in" an instant, and, as she stuck fast, became under great apprehensions of being shipwrecked; a misfortune which presented itself with a thourand frightful ideas. Judging it to be a weather reef, the moment she struck the sails were hove aback, and in about 6ve or six minutes they beheld with joy that she came astern, and shortly after was quit# afloat ; when they were again delivered from their fears, and found the ship, which had kept upright the whole time, seemed to have received no injury. 16th. Observed at noon in latitude 13 deg. 13 min, south, and at five P. M, saw the island of Rotumah, bearing north-west-by-west. At eight A. M. on the 25tb, land from the mast-head bearing north-west-by- saw north, and immediately steered for it. About five o'clock in the evening, as they drew near to the laAd, found that it consisted of ten or eleven separate islands, two or three of which were of considerable size, and saw a canoe coming towards them, in which were two men ; they approached within hail, but would come no nearer. The lai^est of this group they named Disappointment Island, and the whole cluster Duff's Group. On tlie following day, again saw land in the soutl^-west quarter, and steered for it, which proved to be Swallow Island and Volcano Island ; and further to the south-west, they could disctrn Egmont Island ; all these were discovered by Captain Carteret. On the 25th of October came in sight of a low island bearing west-by north, and presently perceived some canoes coming towards them. Just at this time William Tucker and John Connelly were dis- covered swimming close under the sterp, with a view to make their escape to the canoes, and by their skulking appeared afraid of being fired at ; but the tcaptain, en- MISSrONABT VOTAOB.— 1707. Ml vued At the foimer for hit ingmtitode uid deofit, tn(l willing to part with the latter, told them, that if- they choM to go they might, for he would not lire at them. Connelly answered, <* Thank yon, Sir;^ and they both •w|im to the canoe», and were reeeiTed by the aavagea with great shoutings. Soon after, a breeie springing np from the northeast, th^y resumed their oourse, and, len tbem behind. ConneHy was brought by force from Too* |ataboo for threatening the missionaries.. They did not imagine a third person could be found willinc to foHoiip their example; but such is tlie preiralence of habit, and the enervating influence of idleness over the mind, that Andrew Cornelius Lind came to the captain, and begged earnestly to be set on-shore upon the next island they should discover. To this request not only consent wat given, but likewise a promise to let him have a selectidn of useful articles wherewith to benefit the natives, and the better to introduce and give him importance among them.— >86tb. At midnight they saw another island, and;^ as the day broke shortly after, counted six of these low islands; and soon had a great number of canoes about the ship, into one of which Andrew, after taking leave of his shipmates, went, and was received with joy by the mki About ten A. M. came in siabt of another low island. About four A. M. next day, discoVekvd other islands. About this time it foil calm^ which con« tinued; ahd at daybreak counted six, which might, arms, however, soon dis- persed the ffroupe- of canoes which had surrounded the iMMti,' -and trom- which the lance proceeded. Although the wound was apparently so Inconsiderable, it was at- tended with a. tetanus, whif Sou- rabaya, in the Isle of Java. Here divisions broke out among the crews, in consequence of gaining intelligence of thte further progress of the French revolution. D'Au- ribeau hoisted the white flag Feb. 19th, 1794, and sur- rendered the two vessels to the Dutch. He also seized all the journals, charts, and memoirs, which were con- nected with the voyage, and arrested all those of the ships' companies that were obnoxious to his own political sentimentp. One journal, however, was fortunately saved, by having been stowed in a box of tea. In this hazardous, yet important voyage, of 215 persons, thirty- six lost their lives; the astronomer, Pearson, died at Java; and Ventenat at the Isle of France. Riche, the naturalist, remained at Java, as well as Billadiere. La- hay, the botanist, also stopt there ; having under his care ' the bread-fruit trees, brought from the Friendly Islands. Piron, the painter, tarried with the governor of Soura- baya; but afterwards returned to Europe, and published an account of the voyage. f4f>* t wo 1 MR. JOHN TURNBULL— 1800-1804. Wi HILST seconfl officer in the Barwell, in her last voyage to China, in the year 1799, the first officer of that ship (Mr. John Buyers) and Mr. Turnbnll, had every reason to suppose, from actual observation, thut the Americans carried on a most lucrative trade to the north-west of that vast continent. Strongly impressed with this persuasion, they resolved, on their return home, to Represent it to some gentlemen of well-known mercantile enterprise. They approved of the speculation, and lost no time in preparing for its execution* A new ship, called the Margaret, mounting ten carriage guns, with two swivels, and a proportionate quantity of small arms, and built wholly of British oak, was at length purchased, and the command givent to Mr. Buyers, whilst the cqrrgo and trading part were intrusted to Mr. Turnbuir. They proceeded to Portsmouth in the latter end of May 1800 ; and having here joined the Active frigate, and the £astseven miles in length, by eleven in breadth ; and, according to the latest estimate, its population may amount to 65.000 inhabitants, of which the tov^n of Funchal, the capital, forms one-fifth. Leaving Madeira in the evening, at sun-rise on the morning of the 23d saw the island of Palma, one of the Canaries, or Fortunate Islands, bearing south-west. During the further prepress of their voyage, they were so hampered by the southerly winds, and a current set- ting on the American coast, as to have, approached within two degrees and a half of the coast of Brazil ; and the vessel being new, and therefore unseasoned, was in a very leaky state. * These circumstances induced them to bear up ror St. Salvadore, that the vessel might have the necessary repairs, previous to entering into high lati- tudes. This city is large and populous, and appears di- vided by nature into an upper and lower town. The upper is seated on the summit of an eminence; it commands an uninterrupted view of the bay and harbour of All Saints, the sea and clouds alone terminating the boundless prospect. It is the seat of the viceroy, the civil and military officers, and principal- merchants ; whilst the lower town, which contains the wharfs, store-houses, and custom-house, is for the most part occupied bv in- habitants of the inferior order, retail tradesmen, adven- turers, and persons following mechanical trades. The houses have lattice windows and balconies; but the streets in manv parts of the town are so narrow, that two neigh- bours in opposite balconies might almost shake hands* 672 VOTAOKS ROUND THE WORLD. The population m estimated at from 80 to 100,000. The inhabitants may be classed into three divisions, whiter), mulattos, and blacks, of which the latter is by some«vhat the largest. fn the dock-yard a ship of 64 guns, named the Prin- cipe de Brazil, was on the stocks ; it was built of the country t^'Dod, a wood of a species of the Indian teek, and undoubtedly much stronger than any European oak. The iron, pitch, ^ and tar, are understood to have been brought from Lisbon, the policy of the parent«country requiring every thing wrought or manufactured to be im- ported from thence. This yard, from its commodiousness and still more from its capabilities of furthei' improve- ment and enlargement, attracted much attention. It is a large square area of ground, immediately fronting the water, enclosed on all sides ; and its internal arrange- ments and accommodations are on a scale of n^agnitude and convenience which would not disgrace a similar establishment in Europe; There are houses, apartments, and lodgings, for all the superior and under officers; the intendant of marine and master-builders have respect- able accommodations, and the blacksmith, and other handicraftsmen, are comfortably provided. On quitting this harbour they gave chace to every sail that came in sights but though they brought-to several, they all proved Portuguese. On the 7th November, at noon, they saw the land about the Cape of Good Hope, bearing east-by-south, distant live or six leagues. At noon brought the ship to an anchor in Table Bay, Cape Town, bearing west-south-west, distant half a mile. Their stay at the Cape had now been near a month, and it was necessary to nbey thfc calls of business, and proceed on the voyage. They accordingly took an af- fectionate leave of their friends on the evening of the 7th of December, 1800. For the first ten days after leaving the Cape, had, with some littie variation, fair winds and moderate weather; but at midnight, on th<» 18th, being in latitude 40 deg. 14 niin., longitude 35 deg. 40 min., they experienced a very strcng gale of wind, accompanied with showers of sleet and hail-stones, from the west. At eight o'clock on the 7th, the column on the south head, which points out the entrance to Port Jackson, bore north and by TURNBULL.— 1800. 678 weftt, distant half a mile. At this place is stationed a corporal and party, for the purpose of communicating, by signal, the intelligence of the arrival of any vessel, to the colonists of Sydney, Whose distance from this is be- tween six and seven miles. A pilot, in general, is in attendance here. At nine brought up in Neutral Bay, a place appointed, by the port-regulations, for ships to an- chor in, previously to their entrance into Sydney Cove, and to make their report to the eovernor. At half past two got under weigh, and at half past three came to an anchor in this most beautiful bason of water, , in seven fathoms, in most excellent h^Mhig ground, and within haff a pii)tol-shot of the shore, without otti|f'sick person on- board. The captain and Mr. TumbuU agreed, that the latter should continue at Port Jackson to dispose of the cafgo in the best manner possible, whilst the former should proceed in the vessel upon the north-west specu- lation, which he did on the 0th of March, IBOl. The town of Sydney, the capital of the colony and the seat of the governmetift, is divided into two parts by a river, which empties itself into a cove named after the town. Sydney Cove has thus a doUble advantage, ^hat of being well and plentifully provided with excellent wa- ter, and at the same time possessing a harbour which might contain with ease ail the royal navy of Great Rri. tain. These two-fold advantages rendered it much more eligible than Botany Bay, the original destination. The police of the colony is invested in the magistrates, who are appointed by the governor, one or more to each principal district. Under them, in every district, is a head and petty constable, and for the better preservation of order, a certain number of watchmen, wheie the cir- cumstances seem to require it- The celebrated George Harrington held the office of high-constable of Paramatta for many years, and in the faithful and vigorous discharge of his duty acquitted himself much to the satisfaction of the government. But he was now a mere living skeleton; he was emaciated, and apparently in the last stage of human life. Having absolutely lost the use of his intel- lectual faculties, he had retired on a smalt pension allowed him for former services, a melancholy instance of abused talents, and the force of remorse and consci- ous sensibility operating on a mind capable of better 674 VOYAGES ROUND TH& WORLD. things. Tliii extraordinary character finished hif courie on the 28th of December, 1804. The land in the neighbourhood of Sydney, to the extent of eipht or ten miles to the westward, is, with some exceptions, a light mould mixed with sand : about Paramatta it becomes somewhat deeper, and mixed with clay, but seldom produces more than from twelve to four- teen bushels per acre. In the town of Paramatta the governor had a large commodious house, and several officers of the civil establishment reside here; in this place also are good military barracks, erected for a de- tachment of sixty men. There are few free people resid- ing here;,^ greater part of the inhabitants are convicts, who keep nrcuitivatiou some adjacent lands belonging to the crown. Ahout twenty miles west of Paramatta, is the Hawkes- bury settlement ; and on the road, about four miles from Paramatta, lies Toungabie, a settlement whe^e the go* vernment keep their principal flocks of sheep and cattle, and a number of convicts for the cultivation of about foiir hundred acres of land belonging to the crown, pro- ducing at an average twenty bushels per acre. From this place are roads leading to Pennant-hill, Berk* ham-hill, and Castle-bill, districts containing tracts of tolerably good land. The Hawkesbury settlement is fully six miles long ; the governor has a cottage here, and there is a good barrack for a small detachment of troops ; the farms are situated on each side of the river, which is ca- pable of admitting vessels of 200 tons up to the^overnor's cottage, a distance from the sea of about forty miles ; but, by the the windings and turnings of the river, is up- wards of 120. The banks of this river are composed of a rich black mould, irom eight to ten or twelve feet deep; this, however, only extenas within a few chains of the bed of the river, and appears to have been formed from its frequent inundations. Beyond this, the country around appears to be a stiff land, composed of sand, earth, and clay, and improves much by cultivatipn. Higher up the river is the settlement of Richmoiid-hill, where the land appears the same, but subject to the same inconvenience of inundation. On the head of a creek arising out of Botany Bay, and terminating in a small river, named George's river, and about eight miles from Paramatta, TUBNBVLL.— 1800. 674 •re several hrms, yielding from fourteen to eighteen bushels per acre. The aboriginal inhabitants' of this distant region are indeed beyoud couparison the most barbarous on the surface of the globe. The residence of Europeans has here been whoUv ineffectual, the natives are stiil iu the state as at our nrst settlement. Their mimicking the od- dities, dress, walk, gait, and looks, of all the Europeans whom thev have seen, from the time of Governor Phillips downwards, is so exact, as to be a kind of historic regis- ter of their several actions and characters. Governor Phillips «nd Colonel Gross they imitate to the life. And to this day, if there be any thing peculiar jn any of our countrymen, officers in the corps, or even in the convicts; any cast of the eye, or hobble in the gait ; any trip, or strut, stammering, or thick speaking ; they catch it in a moment, and represent it in a manner which renders it impossible not to recognise the original. They are more-: over great proficients in the language and Newgate slang of the convicts ; and, in case of any quarrel, are by no meiins unequal to them in the exchange of abuse. Their principal subsistence is drawn from the sea and rivers, the grand storehouse of nature in all the lands and islands of the Pacific. When a dead whale is cast on-shore, they live sumptuously, flocking to it in great numbers, and seldom leaving it till the bones are well picked. Their substitute for bread is a species of root, something resembling the fern; it is roasted, and pounded between two stones, and being thus mixed with fish, &c, constitute the chief part of their food. They have ovsters of an extraordinary size, three being sufli- cient for any ordinary man. The rocks are covered with others of a smaller sixe, and which may be had Ibr the trouble of carriage, and the labour of knocking them off. They are by no means deficient in personal courage.; in their pitched battles, of one part of the country against the other, or one individual against another, they display the most determined bravery. They defend themselves against the spears of their assailants by op- posing only a shield of thick bark; previous to Iheir onset they join in a kind of song, and gradually increase the>r noise till they work themselves up into a frantic fury, their countenances being in the mean time con- ) 510 TOTAOli aovmi ^^filir%ORLD.' w^akip 9ad •vtrf imUirf oCtlMiv iuse inpretii^ cf the fire of their miwi. , ~ ^ Om of their eUefc, BcMilo ii g , « wtrrior of great rc- EQte^ it it'Mid^vw «n|hl by a very nagiBlar ej ^o ^i ent; •Thif tekea m iikinf to a •ailof't jadttt, it mat oAnd to hfaa iiithoat heiitatioa> and a tailor oMeicd to aMiit bin ia MlthM it oai the fellow ^keH* aiii by pnttiig the baok of the jaeket in ftoat, uitiUed t^ liBBiper the anas, aad thae €ihetaa^ Mooiei.the •tiiidy lanige, Whiltltewathi EagM, he nae p re ee a iedto many o>f the (^rhwlfia aohiUty aadi firrt AiBHliei of tbo kiag- doai^ aadrece i te dila a M roai yei e at i of ekthet had oAer artidei, whioh a savage of avy other coodte^ would have deeiMd i a ce t ii aab le. H was not lo^ however, witk Be- aelDM ; lie was no'eooner refandod in hie own^ cooQtry thai; Stibrgot, or at least laid ttoide» at^the 4raaaiettto and improvements he had reu>ed f^pom hit traWds, and returned, as if with increased relish, to all hU former loathsome and savage habits. His clothes were thrown away* as burtbensome restraints on the freedom of his limbs, and be became a^in as complete a New Hollander as if be bad never left bis native wilds HavicgbefiMre tenia sawll adventure to Norfolk. Island, Mr. Tumbull fetohred to give it a trial in person, and left Sydney for thai purpose oa the 96th of August, 1801. In point of elimate the sitoatioa of this island is de- lightful and sritthrions: the latitude is 29 deg.^ and tlwreforetbe aeneral state of the weather is seldom in eitremes, neither lalolerably hot, aor excessively cold. Without the aidof any^nianbre, the soil yields two bar- vests in the same year: the first is of wheat, which be- ing sown in April, or the beginning of May, is usually reaped in October; • the grounid it then turned up afresh, and planted with maice, which it ready for pnlline agaiott the next teed-time. He was moreover informed, that many of the fiirmers have practised this course of eropjj^ag for a.lonp tariet of yeart, and without having experiemed any diminution in the prc|(cluctive powers of fbesoil. pthe (Mpdiaary price of pork here Is tixpeneepor pound, dead, or fourpence, alive; but, if the payment it made in spirits, it may be obtained for half that sum ; for, go- vernment very wisely having prohibited any distiUatioo, f It re- mt: Natives 0/ New South fValet, Matavia Batf, the setti Wheat 12 meal, fiv pence ; weight ; six sbilli the cro^ acres to fettle; 1 commissi made in hare rec rnm of t without tending Adja< known 1 former ; about si cultivat< renderei bogs Wf process conveni event oi Left with a during ward a of Sept about 'i reignty Com rate bi island ▼ered 1 reefs w it pass island picture 24th 01 situate longitu TURN BULL.— 1802, 677 the settlers will purchase spirits at almost any price. Wheat is eislit shillings per bushel ; maize, four ; Indian meal, five shillings ; potatoes, about six shillings and six* pence ; onions, from eight to ten shillings per hundred weight; a fowl, eighteen ^pence, and a goose from five to six shillings. The quantity of land hitherto grarted bj the crown to a settler is nearly as follows : twenty-five acres to a convict whose time is expired, and allowed to settle ; thirty to a private soldier ; and fifty to a non* commissioned officer. These grants, however, are not made indiscriminately ; they are given only to such as have recommended themselves by the sobriety and deco* mm of their general deportment, and are seldom obtained without the interest and recommendation of the superin« tending officers. Adjacent to Norfolk Island are two smaller islands, known by the names of Phillip and Nepean Islands, the former about half the size of Norfolk Island, and situated about six or seven miles to the south of it ; wholly un- cultivated, but abundant in herbage. That it might be rendered as useful as possible to the government, several bogs were turned loose, in the expectation that, in the process of time, they would multiply so as to form a convenient stock. It does not, hov/ever, appear that the event of this first experiment justified the expectation^ Left Norfolk Island on the 0th of August, 1802, with a fair wind, which continned for about a week, during which time they had proceeded as far to the east- ward as the longitude of 170 deg. west. On the 23d of September made the small island of Maitia, situated about a degree to the eastward of Otaheite, the sove- reignty of which it acknowledges. Continuing their course during the night, with a mode* rate breeze, found thems«!lves by day-light under the island of Otaheite. The natives having already disco* vered the vessel, were assembled in great numbers on the reefs which extend along the shore, viewing the ship, as it passed along, with the most attentive curiosity, the island exhibiting an appearance equally beautiful and picturesque. At half-past ten on the morning of the 24th of September, 1802, anchored in Matavai Bay, situated in the latitude of 17 deg. 20 mln. south, and longitude 149 deg. 36 niin. west. 2 c 578 yOTAOES ROUND THE WORLD# As soon as th^ vessel was anchored they were visited by the master of the Porpoise lying there, who gave an account of a very destructive war, which, for a consider- Ible time, had prevailed in the island, said to be excited tfy the oppressive and tyrannical government of the funily of Pomarre. During this conversation, some of the missionaries settled in Otaheite came off to congra- tulate them on their arrival, with Captain House, for- merly commander of the Norfolk* which had been wrecked there, and a Mr. Lewin, a landscape-painter, sent hither from Botany Bay, for the purpose of taking views and making drawings of objects in this island. These gen- tlemen confirmed the account of the war in the country, and the general dearth in consequence of its ravages. The king Otoo, with his consort Tetua, came alongside in separate canoes, both dressed in their teboota, a dress appropriated for the use of the royal family, andj females of the first distinction. This part of dress is miprelv an oblong piece of cloth, having an opening in the middle, to be passed over the head, and hanging down before and behind, but open at the sides, allowing the wearer to move with. great freedom. The queen had besides a piece of country cloth wrapped round her waist, and her hair dressed with a sort of bonnet made of the leaves of the cocoa-tree. She appeared to be about twenty-four years of age, with good features, and in size above the ordinary standard of British ladies: she was employed in the humble office of bailing the water out of her canoej She and Otoo were cousins, and her sister was married to Terenaveroa, king of Tiaraboo, Otoo's brother ; fol- lowing the patriarchal system in this respect, of marrying their nearest relations. This lady, at their first interview, was somewhat reserved ; but, upon better acquaintance, became more familiar. The king appeared in his teboota and marra, this last being a narrow piece of cloth pass- ing between the legs round the middle, with the end& folded inwards ; these two articles constitute a complete Otaheitean dress. The king beinp very desirous to obtain some of their ava, that is, spirituous liquors, they gratified him with a small quantity in the shell of a cocoa-nut, which was handed down to him in his canoe. On receiving the present he said aloud, my ly te lata, my ty te pahic'^ proac maliti TURNBULL.—- 1802. 579 isite^ very ^ood men, very sood ship; and with this compli- ment in his mouth took his leave to pay a similar visit, and with a similar purpose, to the Porpoise. They af- terwards learned tnat his migesty was somewhat totf much addicted to the use of s|ich liquors, and that he would go any length to procure them. His father. Po- marre, was not yet returned from the expedition against his enemies in another part of the island. It may be necessary here to observe, that, by the laws of Otaheite, the son, immediately on his birth, succeeds to the dig- nity of his father, the father from that instant becoming only administrator for his child. Otoo, therefore, was king ; and Pomarre, his father, regent. About this time the kine's mother, Edeah, appeared alongside in a canoe, attended by her favourite, a chief of the island Huaheine, a man of a most savage figure and manners. This lady had for some years been sepa- rated from her husband, Pomarre ; but had not on this account suffered any diminution of power or respect in the country. These two personages came on-board the ship with their characteristic frankness, and were treated with all possible attention, hWing learned from the gen- tlemen of the mission, that Edeah still enjoyed such in- fluence in the state, that her favour might be essentially useful, as they had every thing to fear firom her resent- ment. No pains, therefore, were spared to gain her good- will ; she and her favourite chief were conducted to the cabin, and there entertained with grog, tobacco, &c. &c. Several presents were offered her, on which she seemed to set very little value ; but expressed great eagerness to possess a poo pueyt or musket. This queen-dowager ana her paramour continued to drink, al(d interchange tobacco, till they were nearly incapable of leaving the ship, each appearing to be equally delighted with their entertainment. The attendant was so well pleased, that on taking leave, he urged Mr. Turnbull to accept him hs a tayot or intimate friend, a civility he declined in the way least likely to give umbrage. Pomarre, having by this time heard of their arrival, hastened to welcome them to his country, doubtless in the hope of receiving his share of the presents. His ap- proach, with two canoes, was conducted with many for- malities. When he came alongside he ordered his arrival 2c 2 S'\0 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD* to be announced in due form, and refujsed to cpme on- board until they were all in readiness to receive him with dijie respect. On entering the ship he presented to Mr. TMrnbuU a plantain* leaf, the Otaheitean token of peace , s^nd friendship, and behaved on the whole 'with much af- fability, mineled with ai certain feeling^ of his former dignified rank. Air. TurnbuU was particularly distinguished by Po- marre, who embraced him in the country fashion, that is, by touching noses ; after whi6h, Pomarre squeezed him geiitly all over the body, and swaddled him up in a quantity of cloth, so that he could with difficulty move his limbs, being literally musket-proof. Pomarre in- formed him that this was the practice in his country, in making a t^Jfo, or friend, at the same time giving his own nam^e to his nevrly-adopted taifot whose name he took to himself ip exchange. Pomarre was not less t^n six feet four inches in height, remarkably stout-made and well-proportioned. His son Otoo is upwards of tix feet two inches high, and equally well-made. In the trajn of followers was a dwarf, only thirty-nine inches high, full- grown, and duly proportioned in every respect, his age between three and four-and twenty. On the day following they received another visit from the greater part of the royal family, so that it became necessary to distribute presents, in order to secure tiie good understanding already begun. Nothing was so ac- ceptable to them as fire-arms, for they considered every thjng else as useless trifles. They accordingly gave to Pomarre a blunderbuss, with which he seemed to be.much delighted ; and to his son, the reigning king Otoo, who lay a little wvy off from the ship, in his canoe, they offered a musket. This distribution was not, however, relished by Otoo : being now a greater man than his father, he insisted on his right to the blunderbuss, and Pomarre was compelled to content himself with the musket. A fresh difficulty arose in making ah' acceptable present to the queen-dowager Edeah. Whatever was of- fered to her, cloth, looking-glasses, scisiars, even axes, she rejected with disdain, making them understand that «he was as capable as any man in the country of making «p[e of fire-arms. They had indeed been informed that s|i« watnot lest expert at a warrior than as a politician ; and that than tba explaine as woul< women ; It has lately pi learnt b^ • occasion member of Poma set no 1 Mis adn to the ir sidered posed U Inthi ling-hou cured tl oned, hi being pi laid in a necessai siege th} the crev in the u to the u mity. and fan They that of procure arrived the nor ous, an a reef ( in thesi beautif nut, an tion to Otahei hope a fertUit Po- iat is, him in a move e in- •y, in \ own ok to six and feet Bin of > fuIU s age TURNBULL.— 1802. , 5^1 lod tbiit her resentment was much more to be dreaded than that of her late husband, Pomarre. They therefor/ expliiined, that the articles presented to her, were suc^ as would have been eagerly preferred by their country, women ; and concluded by giving her a niUsket. It has already been meYitioned, that a ruinous war had lately prevailed in Otaheite. This, as far as could be learnt by the Europeans resident on the island, had been occasioned by the unusual oppression of the several members of the royal family, and particularly by the son of Pomarre, the young king Otoo, who, it was reported, set no bounds to his haughty domineering disposition. His administration has at all times given extreme offence to the inhabitants of the district of Attahooroo, who con- sidered him only as a usurper, and were constantly dis- posed to resist his measures, and to throw off his yoke. In this war the missionaries had converted their dwel- ling-house at that place into a sort of fortress, having pro- cured the guns of the Norfolk, which, as already menti- oned, had been wrecked on the shore. With these guns being planted on the upper story of the house, and having laid in a large supply of bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and other necessaries, they were able to withstand a more vigorous siege than thatof the Attahoorians. Happily for Pomarre the crew pf the Norfolk, and other European resirleuts in the island, in number about thirty, and all accustomed to the use of fire-arms, espoused his cause in this extre- mity. On this, indeed, as on former occasions, himself and family wer^ solely indebted to his European allies. They now resolved to leave this island, and touch at that of Huaheine, to learn what supplies feight be there , procured. Leaving Otaheite on the following day, they arrived at Huaheine, after a run of nearly thirty leagues to the north-west. This harbour, Owharrow, is large, spaci- ous, and perfectly safe from all winds, being defended by a reef of rocks, the natural barrier to most of the harbonrt in these seas. The low land next the water has a most beautiful appearance, abounding with bread«-fruit, cocoa- nut, and other trees. The island of Huaheine, in propor tion to its magnitude, appeared far more abundant than Otaheite; though in Huaheine, as in Otaheite, the v^hole hope and dependence of the islanders seemed to be in the fertilitv of that narrow s!i^, or border of land, which sur- 582 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD rounds the whole island next to the water; this border is common to most of the islands of the South Seas. Having made the necessary inquiries as to the chief ob> ject of the voyage, and finding that it would be but of little advantage to continue longer in Huaheine, they took leave of the friendly chiefs, and directed their course for Ulitea, a mucn larger island, about eight leagues to the westward. The stature of the king here was not inferior to that of his brother sovereign, and he appeared equally flattered with the cause. assigned for curiosity, that ot gratifying their countrymen upon their return. But though equalling Pomarre in stature, he was less corpulent, and, in the general contour of his person, did not appear to possess the same portly dignity. His name was Tomaqua, and that of his queen Tee- rimonie. At Ulitea they were surprised by the appear- ance or one of their couutrvmen, a man of the ^ame of Pulpit ; he came off with the king, and was accojhpanied by his wife, as he called her, an Otaheitean girl, of four- teen or fifteen years of age, dressed in a piece of blacic cloth of British manufacture, wrapped round her body by way of a marra. After some hesitation, this young woman was allowed to come on-board with her husband. The poor fellow was no sooner upon the deck than, with a wildness of look and gestures which evinced his sincerity, he uttered an impassioned exclamation of gratitude to heaven, " that he had escaped out of the hands of these savage murderers/' In answer to their demand of an explanation, he said, that but a very short time before, himself and wife had been compelled to preserve their lives by flight, escaping with difficulty from Huaheine to Ulitea ; that he had been landed in the former island by Mr. Bass of the Venus, (the intrepid discoverer of the straits so named), who being a part-owner and super- cargo of this vessel, had, like themselves, come to an over- stocked market at Port Jackson ; and, in order to make the most of a bad business, had entered into a contract with the government for supplyinr the settlement with a certain quantity of pork at a stated price ; and, in return for his voluntary service on-board that ship, had received from the above-named gentleman, such articles as he con- ceived might be useful to him on the island Amongst these aFticles were a musket and a double- barrelled gun, TURNBULL. — 180i. 583 fob- ut of they their eight here nd he for their e, he his which sd'pOMrerfully worked on the minds of the natives, that, finding all other means and artifices to get posses- sion of them ineffectual, they at last resolved to murder him, and in that manner procure the whole of his little property. This, their horrible purpose, had been disco- vered to him by the Otaheiteau girl, who understood the language, and overheard their consultations upon the subject. Rendered desperate by this information, he re* solved to lose his life rather than suffer himself to be plundered of every thing by which lite, in such a situa- ation, could be rendered supportable. He was, therefore, continually on the watch against his foes, and was faith- fully assisted by the young Otaheitean, who was well aware of the fate awaiting her in the event of her lover's murder. This course of life continued for some davs, until being at last overpowered by incessant anxiety, watching, and fatigue. Pulpit was surprised by a party of natives, his property pillaged, his person seized, and led away as a sacrifice to some of their divinities. He was conducted about half a league from the spot, expecting every moment to be his last. The natives, however, began to dispute amongst themselves respect- ing the treatment he was to receive; when an elderly wo- man, who seemed to possess much authority among them, and who had constantly opposed all sanguinary measures, threatened to leave the island if they persisted in /thcfir designs. Her remonstrances appeared to have great in- fluence with the natives; they therefore desisted from their project, and conducted him back to his former place of residence, which was now entirely stripped. Being an ingenious man, they made him promise to repair some muskets belonging to themselves ; and having supplied him and the Otaheitean girl with some provisions, as a peace-offering, they withdrew. Pulpit now bent all his thoughts on making his escape ; and, an opportunity soon oecurriug, he availed himself of a dark night to seize one of their canoes, and accompanied by his heroic wife, made the best of his way to Ulitea. Here again, not finding himself comfortably situated with the islanders, he had taken the present opportunity to seek a refuge in their ship. From the account given by Pulpit of the in- habitants of Ulitea, they seemed to be much of the same character and natural habits with those in Huaheine ; it M4 VOYAGES ROUND TUB WORLD. was, therefore, impossible to prevail on him fft'^turn to the shore. " Take me to the Sandwich Islands," laid he, with the utmost earnestness, " or to any other place ; only leave me not here to be murdered." He wa«, there- fore, suffered to remain on^board, as well as the young female from Otaheite ; nor was it long before they had good reason to be satisfied that his unfavourable charac- ter of these islanders had neither originated in malice, or m disordered imagination, both of which they had previ- . ously suspected might have influenced him in his narrative. In the night before the Margaret's intended departure from Ulitea, it was discovered that the following persons had deserted from the ship, viz. David Clark, an apprentice, Thomas Smith, a cooper by trade, Timothy Gauntey, and William Andrews, seamen ; the three last were Bo- tany Bay convicts, and had tempted to their party two Otaheiteans, who had come with them from that island. This prpject had doubtless ori«;inated with some of the chiefs of the island, who had acted as tayos to one or other of the deserters. As soon as the discovery was made, which was about two in the morning, Mr. Turn- bull went singly on-shore, to request the king to use his utmost authority to have the people restored. When he was informed what had happened, with a dissimulation worthy of a courtier, the king expressed the utmost surprise, accompanying it with a declaration, that the men had certainly not landed near them, nor been seen by them on shore. They had good reason, however, afterwards to believe, that the deserters Were at that very time in the immediate neighbourhood. A whole day had been lost in this fruitless negocia- tion; about half an hour past ten o'clock at night, TurnbuU was roused from sleep by the voice of the cap- tain, who then held the watch, exclaiming, " Turnbull, our ship is on-shore — the ship is on-shore." Jumping instantly out of bed, and running upon deck in his shirt, he found there was no wind to affect the ship; and it being too dark to see the shore, sounded and found up- wards of twelve fathoms of depth, and no sensible motion of the ship or water. Examining the cablets, he found them both lying slack on the deck, which confirmed still more th^ idea that the captain was mistaken ; but the Kfim^Q being Qomtuftuded to haul (he cables, the first TURNBULL. — 1802. 385 pull brou<;ht the ends of both of them on- board. It is impossible to describe the veiieral sensation produced by this discovery, that their cables were cut, and *Uey were drifting on shore. Another anchor, havings an k n stock, was immediately ordered io be cleared away ; but such was the alarm and confusion, that it was not till after re- peated trials they effected the stocking of it. It hap- pened very providentially that there was not a breath of wind stirring, otherwise the slrip must have speedily gon« to pieces, for she now lay with her broadside against a reef of coral rocks, the edges of which were as sharp as flints, having twelve fathoms of water on the outside. It was fortunate, in this distress, that for some slight offence given by individuals of the crew, the natives had threatened to murder them, whenever an opportunity should offer itself. The apprehensions of these men were now extreme, and by communicating their fears to the other seamen, and persuading them' that one comnu>n lot awaited them without distinction, tb^y united all hands in one effort of endeavouring to rescue the vessel from her present very perilous situation. Having berit the re- maining part of one of the cables, about thirty fathoms, to the anchor, it was carried out in the long-boat, to eighteen fathoms water, and the ship hauled seven or eight fathoms off from the reef. Whilst this was doing, they widdenly heard a loud and clamourous noise amongst the natives onrshore^ and seemingly close under the ship's, stern; the wretches were rendered outra- geous by. the disappointment of their hopes, the ship being now visibly moved from the rocks. They had hitherto maintained a profound silence, in the expecta- tion that her bulging would give the signal for the com- mencement of their plunder. They now began an asssitili with stones in such quantities, and with such force, that^ in the hopes of intimidating them, the English were cotii- Eelled to dicharge. some swivels and muskets over thdr eads. This, however, produced a volley of musketrjr from the natives stationed on different points of' the shore. As day-light was now approaching, they' hoped tb be enabled to dislodge the enemy from their shelter, and menaced, in their turn, an effectual revenge; of this, however, they appeared to enteitain no appreiiensioii. 2 c 5 686 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. The. ship riding with her stern towards the shore, it be- came necessary to take every precaution for the defence of this vuhierable point; and the swivels on the stem having been dismounted on the first fire, they brought up .two great guns; but, upon the approach of day>light, had the mortification to discover that the natives seemed to be but little afraid of what they could do against them. They were sufficiently acquainted with the use of guns t6 watch the motions on-board, and when ready to fire, they suddenly skulked behind the rocks or trees, along the shore, so that their fire only wasted the stock of am- munition, and instead of removing their enemies, seemed rather to encourage their attacks. tSo intent were they on the destruction of the vessel, that such of the natives as had co fire-arms betook themselves to the mountains which overhung the ship, and thence annoyed her by dis- charging voUies of stones, many of ttiem of incredible size, .Their firing and assaults slackening a little about ten in the forenoon, the captain judged it to be a favour- able moment for weighing the anchor, and carrying the ship farther out to sea, and accordingly manned the boat with volunteers for this service. The natives, however, as soon as they discovered this, recommenced their fire, directing it chiefly at the hiM, and this with such manifest danger to the men, that they were compelled to give over the attempt, and return to the ship for protection. At this time thev could discover two of their former ship- mates as active as the most furious of the savages. The boat was again manned afresh, and the attempt made, when a well-directed fire suddenly commenced on it a second time; the people were again compelled to re- linquish their plan, and once more betake themselves to the ship. Never was a situation more alarming than was theirs the whole of this day. It was now four in the af- ternoon, and they were all fully employed in making every preparation to repel the grand attack expected in the night. Each man was furnished with twelve rounds of bail-cartridges, and twenty-four pistol-bullets. The muskets, beiiig thirty in number, were well cleaned and fresh flinted ; the great guns and swivels were double- shotted and filled with old iron; and blunderbusses and cutlasses distributed on the deck, to be ready for service It a moment's notice. And, as much as possible, to pre- TVRNBULL.— 1802. )& ▼ent the stones thrown by the natives from oing iuj '^y, awnings were spead over tlie deck, and every other pn- caiition taken to enable them to sell their lives at the dearest rate, and defend the ship to the last extremity. About half-past six in the evening, the wind, which had hitherto blown from the sea, shifted gently round to » land-breeze, furnishing them an opportunity of getting away unperceived in the night. That their operations might not be discovered, they muffled the pawls of the windlass, and began to heave away upon one anchor at a. time. In all these transactions they received signal ser- vices from poor Pulpit, whom they had taken on-board here ; for he was an excellent marksman, and was well aware of what his fate would be, should he again fall into the hands of the Uliteans ; he therefore fought like a lion, resolved pever to yield but with his last breath. His young Otaheitean wife likewise behaved like a heroine, carrying powder to the men, and exerting her- self to the utmost in every way in which she could be useful. Their next station was the island called Maura or Mo- bidie, being the most leeward and smallest of the Society Islands. It is only about fourteen or fifteen miles in circuit, and appears to be surrounded by a reef of coral rocks, which render the approach to the shore very dif- ficult. Leaving this, they bade adieu for the present to the Society Islands, and now shaped a course for the Sandwich Islands. The wind was so scanty during the whole of the passage, that it was with difficulty they made Whahoo, an island subject to Tamahama, the great chief of the Sandwich Islands, on the 17th December, 1802. Here they were informed that the king, Tamahama, at- tended by the greater part of his chiefs, was at present at Mowie. It is the wise policy of this chief, that all those v/ho possess any authority or influence in the country, f hould accompany him in his progress through his domi- nions, that he may have them constantly under his eye,, and not leave them exposed to the seductions and con<^ spiracles of his rival chiefs. From further information received here, Tamahama seems to be making rapid pro- gress in his schemes of aggra,ndizement. After having defeated the rightful sovereign of this island of Whalioo^ and all the kings of the other islands to the eastward he^ ▼OTAGB8 SOUND THB WORLD. has forced him, after many ineffectual struggles, to take refuge in the island of Attowai. Thus the sovereign auth ployed in attending to the carpenters at work on this new man of-war, which, when finished, was named the Britan- nia, This was the besiuning of Tamahama's navy ; and, from bis own observations, with the assistance of Messrs. Young, Davis, &c. he has laboured inflexibly in improv- ing his niaiine force, which he has now brought to a respectable btate ; securing to him not only a decided superiority ovei the frail canoes df his neighbours, but the means of transporting his warriors to distant parts. Some of his vessels are employed as transports in carry- ing provisions from one island to another, to supply hit warriors ; whilst the largest are used as men-of-war, and are occasionally mounted with a few light guns. No one better understands his interest than this ambitious chief; no one better knows how to improve an original idea. The fayours of Vancouver, and his other Euro- pean benefactors, would have been thrown away on any other savage ; but Tamahama possesses a genius above his situation. His body-guards, who may be considered in some respects as regularly disciplined troops, go on duty not unfrequently with the drum and fife, and relieve each other as in Europe, calling out, " all is weir at every half hour, as on-board-of-ship. Their uniform at this time was simply a blue great-coat with yellow icings. On the evening of the 21st of January stood along the shore to the eastward, taking the advantage of a land-breeze. On the 5th of March, in standing to the northward, at about half-past eleven, P. M. saw land. At eleven A. M. another low island, almost level with tSie water, was seen from the main- top by one of the sea- men. At noon, on the 7th, a low island, seen in the morn- ing, bore frQm north-by-west half-west to north-by-eaart half-east, distant i\y2 or six miles. On the 10th of March, continuing their course -to the northward, an island was seen bearing from north-east to nortb-east-by- cast at from twelve to foutteen miles dbtance. In conb- 590 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. pliment to the late Sheriff of London, Sir Richard Phil- lips, they named it Phillips's Island ; it is situated in latitude 16 deg. 24 min. south, and longitude 143 deg. 37 min. west. To another in its neighbourhood, situated in latitude 16 deg. 12 min. south, and longitude 143 deg. 57 min. west, they gave the name of Holt's Island. Pro- ceeding again, they arrived at the small island of Maetia, (the Recreation of Roggewein), situated in the latitude of 15 deg. 48 min. south, and longitude 147 deg. 58 min. west. At daylight, on the 21st, the island of Otaheite bore from south-by-east to west-by*north half-north, distant five miles. At noon anchored in Matavai Bay. During their absence, they found the. ship Nautilus had been at Otaheite, and taken away all the hogs she could procure. The captain and Mr. TurnbuU now concurred in opinion to sail with the ship to some of the islands lying to wind- ward ; and thence procuring a hve stock of hogs, should brine them to Otaheite to be slaughtered. The latter gentleman with two or three assistants were to remain at Otaheite on the salting business. Mr. Turnbull, after some time, became uneasy witli respect to the ship, as she had now been aw^y two months instead of three weeks. Otoo frequently said the ship wa^ " Killed dead hy the stones/' he was certain of it. At length the fatal remains of the Margaret were disco- vered by the natives, about three leagues to the north- ward of the island. The conjectures of the royal family, the missionaries, and the natives, seemed all to lead to one point; and, by their expressive looks, it was not difficult to comprehend their object. The sight of the sail confirmed these apprehensions beyond any further doubt; it was as large as three of the boat's, and could belong to nothing but a ship. From contrary winds, and lee current's, it seems, the ship bad been a fortnight in getting to windward ; and it was only the evening previous to the accident, that the captain had commenced trading with the natives. The business of the captain, as he proposed to renew the trade for pearls, (the principal ob- ject of his visit), on the succeeding morning, was to keep his station during the night; but, whilst in the act of plying to windwwd for this purpose, the ship was unfor- tunately lost on a low reef of rocks and sand-banks, in the vicinity of a cluster of islands, called the Pallisers, in TURNBULL.— 1803. 691 latitude 15 deg. 38 min. south, and longitude 146 deg. 30 rain, west, which had never before been discovered. The captain and the crew landed with much difficulty, and employed themselves in saving whatever stores were within their reach ; but, during the ensuing night, the boat was stolen, through the treachery of two Otaheitean natives who belonged to the ship, and could never after- wards be recovered. As a last resource, therefore, the deck of the ship was broken up, and, with the boards and nails it afforded, a kind of punt was made. Being flat-bot- tomed, it of consequence floated in less water ; and even that with some difficulty was got over the reef. The craft being finished, the crew, to the number of eighteen, embarked, having on-board only a few muskets, a small quantity of powder, one bag of bread, and ten gallons of water. Even this was so brackish, that nothing but their present situation could have induced them to have made of it; for the sand-bank being only about forty use yards across, and not more than four feet above the level of the sea, it was only by digging a good depth that any could be obtained. Aftera voyage of five days, in this most miserable of crafts, they at length reached Otaheite, nearly exhausted. After the unfortunate circumstance of the loss of the Margaret, their prospects at Otaheite were very gloomy. Having saved little or no property from the wreck, it be- came a subject of serious consideration in what manner to subsist. Otaheite is as little calculated as Europe for those who are without money. The blessing of Provi- dence, however, again interposed; for, after they had been about three months in suspense, on the afternoon of the 27th of August, 1803, a shout of tepahia, ie pahia, (a ship, a ship,) resounding through the island, aroused them into new expectations. Hope and fear now alter- nately prevailed; they apprehended that the captain might have some possible objection ; that he might be going to China, or on some other more circuitous voyage. It so happened, however, that the goodness of Providence was complete ; the ship was going to the very place to which of all others they wished, to Port Jackson. There were so many ceremonies to be performed at Attahooroo, that the business bad not been nnally settled when the ship arrived. The intelligence of this events 502 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. however, brought Pomarre home to prepare his presents ;: he got his hogs in tiie canoe, and was half-way to the ship, when he was seized suddenly with a fit, and falling with his hands on the side of the canoe, expired. The poor fellows in the canoe immediately paddled back as fast as possible to his house at Oparree, where, on her way likewise to visit the ship, Edeah had by this time arrived. It has been before mentioned, that they im- puted the death of others to the prayers of the mission- aries ; and that they are persuaded the prayers of these holy men have this kind of sacred witchcraft. Under such impressions, it may readily be conceived that the situation of the missionaries is not the most pleasant in the world. They indeed neglect nothing to render their mission successful ; on every sabbath-day they traversed the country, two by two, in different directions. But, it is feared, their efforts will for a long period be una- vailing. The natives consider them as very good men, and love and esteem them accordingly ; but they do not comprehend, and therefore do not believe, the articles of their religion. One Sunday evening, Mr. Jefferson requested permission to exhort Otoo and Tereinavouroa, with all their followers ; Otoo sent a messenger to Mr. Turnbull on the occasion, saying that he wished to see him ; he accordingly went, and found Mr. Scott and Mr. Jefferson in the act of exhortation. Their congregation might amount to about fifty. Upon its conclusion, BIr. T. demanded of Otoo what he wanted with him. He asked, upon the departure of the missionaries, whether it was all true they had preached 1 He replied in the atiirmative; that it was strictly so according to his own belief, and that of all the wiser and better part of his countrymen^ He demanded where Jehovah lived ; Mr. T. pointed to the heavens. He said he did not believe it. His brother was, if possible, still worse. Edeah was looking onj with a kind of haughty and disdainful indifference. It was all hamry, or falsehood ; adding, they would not believe unless they could see; and ob- served, a« they could bring down the sun and moon by means cf a quadrant, why could they not bring down their Saviour by a similar operation! Tb« missionaries apparently lived together in the greatest love and harmony and all of them presented an TURNB17LL.— 1803. 598 example of industry. Their situation, however, was by no .means so comfortable as many of their countrymen may be inclined to imagine ; for as their stock of Euro- pean articles decreases, they must proportionably lose their influence over the natives. They possessed a public garden very well stocked and cultivated, and the greater part of them a private one not much inferior. The space enclosed within the palisades of the publie garden, is about four acres. It seems natural to imagine, that its beauty and utility would have acted as a stimulus to the natives to imitate their industry ; bui the indolence of the Otaheiteans is beyond the cure of any commolh remedy. In the gardens of the missionaries are lemon, lime, orange, peach, and citron trees, in great number and perfection ; they have moreover patches of the tarra- root, Indian-corn, and indigo. It must be some year*, however, before they can expect to derive any consider- able advantage from these. Mr. Jeflierson had opened a school, but only one native attended ; this was the daughter of a European, one of the crew of the Matilda. These good men, at Mr. T.'s departure, were very anx- ious to receive intelligence from theirfriends in England, and were in daily expectation of the arrival of one of their ships. Edeah observed, in a manner which it was uot ditiicult to interpret, that this ship was a long time coming.*^ They took their final leave of Otaheite on the 2d of September, 1803, bending their course for the Friendly Islands. On their way thither made Savage Island ; and the wind being fair and a commanding breeze, sailed within the distance of three miles of the shore. They next made the island of Eoa, or Middleburgh, the * The continnr d acts of oppression that have been exercised by Pomarre, or Otoo, since the death of his father, has, exactly as was foreseen, brought upon him a ju«t and merited punishment. The whol* people, unable to endure their hard lot, and stimulated by a desire of liberty and of vengeance, had recourse to arms ; and after varioui engagements, in which they were always successful, at last drove him and the whole of his partisans from the island. The missiona- ries, alarmed, and under the most serious apprehensions for the safety of their lives, came to a resolutiou of abandoning the island^ and retiring to Port Jacl^son, 594 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD* easternmost of the Friendly Islands ; and lay off and on the greater part of the day, trading with the natives for cocoa-nuts and curiosities. These people, in their manners and appearance, have a great resemblance to the Sandwich islanders. Their canoes, if we ex- cept those of the Sandwich Islands,, were the neatest seen in these seas. The people appeared to be per- suaded that their curiosities were inestimable, for they observed no moderation in their demands. They trade as if they had been accustomed to extortion all their lives ; they wanted axes and scissors in. exchange for their worthless trumpery, f'rom the short visit paid this people, it is impossible to say any thing with regard to their habits and manners ; the uncommon ferocity of their looks, however, must excite an involuntary surprise at a first interview with them. This perhaps appeared more striking, as they had but then left the Otaheiteans, whose looks rather invite to confidence. ^ It is said that some of the missionaries, in their ef- forts to improve the condition of this people, have lost their lives. The remainder were providentially preserved by the arrival of a Spanish prize, on-board of which was one of their brethren of the name of Harris, who, in des- pair of effecting any useful purpose, had left the Mar- quesas. He had joined this prize as a kindof navigating pilot at Otaheite, on her way to Port Jackson, and, iu consequence of his interest, had procured the admission of the other missionaries on-board, and thus, in all pro- bability, saved their lives. Since that time, nearly the whole of the Portland's crew have fallen victims to the treachery of these islanders; and three of the sailors be- longing to the Union, who landed amongst them, have been barbarously and iphumanly murdered. And, while on this subject, we cannot omit a circumstance of a peculiar nature, which took place at Vavao, one of the neighbouring islands, in August, IBOl :^-The last missionary ship, on her passage from Otaheite to China, waiving all intercourse with Tongataboo, made choice of the harbour of that island, which is represented as large and capacious, for the purpose of recruiting her stock of water, <&c. &c. On clearing the harbour, they ob- served a large double canoe, which had just arrived from the Hapae Islands, and had a European on-board. Cu- TURNBULL. — ^1803. ftd$ Hptity led them to send the pinnace to hear the state 01 those islands ; at one P. M. the pinnace returned with the European, who proved to be Mr. George Vee- son, who was left at Tongataboo by the Duff. The pin- nace had some difficulty in getting him, as the chief had given orders to take him on shore, and then destroy him, that he might not , give information respecting several Europeans that had been murdered by them at the Hapiie Islands. He had made several attempts to get away previous to this, and was often on • the point of escaping, but the vigilance of the savages rendered them all abortive. On making the land about Port Jackson, some young Otaheiteans on-board were in raptures, probably think- ing it was England; but seeing the barrenness of the country as they entered the harbour, and the scragginest of the treesj their spirits evidently sunk. On coming to an anchor in Sydney Cove, there was a coach and four standing almost opposite the ship. This astonished them beyond measure. Each enquired of the other their opinion of this wonderful phaenomenon. They concluded that it must be a travelling-house ; but they could find no name for the horses, having in their country no larger animals than hogs, though some of them indeed were of an uncommon size, weighing from thirty to thirty-five score. The Otaheiteans therefore called them by the name of mighty hogs. During Mr. Turnboirs absence from the colony in 1801, and return in the latter end of 1803, many stone- buildings had been erected, and the appearance of the whole town much changed for the better, the governor encouraging the erection of these edifices by all the means in his power. The discovery of lime-stone m various parts, at this time essentially contributed to the execution of these patriotic efforts. Many of the houses, which had been erected at the first settlement of the co- lony, were in a state of rapid decay; the governor, therefore, with a laudable provision for the gradual im- provement of the town, prohibited the proprietors from rebuilding them in the old stile. If they were in ciN Gumstances to rebuild with stone, they were to do so ; if not, they were at all events to introduce some im-* 506 TOYA6BS ROUND THE WORLO. provement upon the ancient method, or the governor re- fused them his sanction and assistance. The most common indigenous animals of this country are the dog, wiiich is here of the wolf nature, and much eaten by the natives. The kangaroo is likewise consi- dered by them a great delicacy ; and, in times of scar> city, was much sought after by the European inhabitants. They used it as a substitute for beef; it does not eat unlike it, and usually weighs from twenty-five to 140 pounds. Bass's Straits, since their discovery, have afforded em- ployment for a number of hands, who are engaged by different individuals at Port Jackson, and carried thither in small colonial vessels. They are stationed in different places, in gangs of ten or twelve, more or less, to collect the oil of the sea-elephant, and seal-skins, with which the straits abounded on their first discoverv. The eie- phant oil, next to the spermaceti, is said to be the most valuable of any. A mercantile gentleman resident in the colony, Mr. Robert Campbell, who, from his public spirit, and the general accommodation he affords the settlers, is deserving of every encouragemeh', was making np a cargoof it for the English market. When Mr. T.left the colony, he had collected about 180 tons. The seal- skins are generally disposed of to American and other ships going to China, but latterly they have found n much more profitable market in England. Some few are tanned and worked up for various purposes in the country. The country having been originally covered with wood, and the stumps of the trees still remaining in the ground, agriculture is prevented from being carried on by the help of cattle. It is by manual labour only, and chiefly by the hoe, that the soil is cultivated, which much en- hances the value of the produce. The cultivation of the country, therefore, has taken place but in patches, where some peculiar advantageous circumstances, as good land, a navigable creek or river, &c. has induced a family to settle. They hold their lands as a perpetual grant under the hand of the governor and seal of the colony ; and the only clause is a quit-rent of two shillings and sixpence per anum for every 100 acres and a re- TtRNBLLL.— 1803. not servatiOQ of such timber for the crown as may be fit for naval purposes. The quantity of land hitherto granted by the crowu to settlers is twenty>iive acres to a convict whose time is expired, and who has been allowed to settle ; thirty to a private soldier ; fifty to a non-com- missioned officer; 100 to a commissioned ditto; and 180 to a free man from England. But of late the regu- lation in some instances has been broken through, apd government has been more liberal in their grants. The appearance of the farms bespeaks the industry of the owners, and every farnier keeps as many men as the pro- duce of his land will admit of. The seed-time for wheat is from the beginning of April to the nuddle of May, aqd it is reaped in December. Indian corn is planted io the months of October and November, and pulled in April and May. The produce, of course, is different according, to the various natures of the land, from twelve to forty bushels per acre. At Hawkesbury, the land, when first cultivated, is said to have produced sixty bushels per acre, but on calculation they do not make the average of the colony, in ordinary years, more than fifteen busheU per acre. The quantity ot seed-wheat required is from one and a half to two and a half bushels per acre, and that of Indian corn two quarts per acre. Potatoes may .he planted and dug throughout the whole year. The grape answers well, but is little cultivated in the country. The day's work, throughout the year, is fixed at ten hours, and six on Saturday. If a master employs any prisoner in his own time, his payment is not to be more than at the rate of one shilling per diem. Clothing for the convicts is issued twice annually, viz. in Deceiver and June. In December, each man is furnished witb one frock, one shirt, one pair trowsers, one pair breeches, and o&e pair shoes.; in June, with two jackets, two shirts, one pair breone days, the long-lost shores of Albion made their appearance. Two days after, they anchored at Spithead, m the midst of a fleet of ships, the defence and just pride of their country. I . i ►. fu ernmo Th< consic arrive) The 19th at noo eriv perce from whole paniei some iatabi part f 699 ] CAPTAIN KRUSENSTERN.~1803-180fl. LlN the Ttji of August, 1802, Captain Krusenstern tvas appointed to the command of an expedition prepar- ing for the north-west coast of America ; but it was not until February, 1803, that two ships, one of 450 tons, the other of 370 tons, had been purchased for 17,000/. sterliag, in London. In addition to this sum, their re- pairs had cost 5,000/. The first of these two vessels was called Nadeshda, or the Hope ; the other the Neva, the former commanded by himself, the latter by Captain Li- sianskev. M. de Resanoff embarked in the Nadeshda, a8 ambassador-extraordinary to the court of Japan. Va- luable presents were prepared to secure the favour of the monarch an(l his ministers ; and, to effect this with the greater certainty, some Japanese, who, in 1796, were cap- tured in the Aleutic islands, such of them, at least, as had not embraced the Christian religion, and wished to return home, were to be conveyed back from Irkutsk, the place of their confinement. On the dth of June, 1803, the ships destined for the voyage arrived at Cronstadt. On the 7th of August, at nine in the morning, they sailed. On the 26th of Sep- tember crossed the meridian of Greenwich ; soon after saw St. Ann's, the eastern point of the entrance to Falmouth; and Pendonnis Castle, which is the west- ernmost. At eight o'clock anchored in the Carreck road. The wind was now favourable, and they waited with considerable impatience for M. Resanoff, who, at length, arrived at Falmouth early in the morning of the 5th. The same day they sailed from Carreck-road. On the lUth anchored in Santa Cruz, Teneriffe. About twelve at noon, on 'the 27th, they weighed with a pleasant south- erly breeze. On the 6th of November, at day-break, perceived the island of St. Antonio at the distance of from twenty-five to twenty-eight miles. During the whole time that the trade-wind lasted, they were accom- panied by an infinite number of bonitos, and harpooned some of them almost daily. They made a fresh and pa latable dish for the people. They caught but one shark, part of which was eaten, although it was not so good as north-east, veering to north-north-west, with lofty wavct and foggy weather, that they lost sight of the Neva. At day-break, on the 6th of May, saw Fetugu Island; cue ot the Marquesas, distant from thirty-five to thirty- eight miles. This island is lofty, but is not of a gieat circumference; it couMsts of a single high, and at the summit almost flat rock, with a gentle inclination from north to south. On the northernmost point is to bt perceived, though not very distinctly, a division formiag two hilli. About Ave in the afternoon perceived Nukahiwa wrapt in fog, which prevented their forming any correct judgment of its distance. At eleven o'clock next d»y thev perceived to the westward a canoe rowing off; it hacl an out-rigger, and was paddled along bv eight Iii*^ dians : they were much struck by a white nag it had iioisted, a token of peace that led them to expect some European on- board of it ; their expectations were sooA confirmed. There was an Englishman in tjie boat, who at first had quite the appearance of one of the islanders^ his drets being entirely in their fashion, consisting merely of a girdle round the waist. He shewed the certificates of two Americans, (to whom he had been of assistance during their stay here, particularly by procur* ing them wood and water,) in which it was attested thai he had/ conducted himself well; and he offered Iris ser^ vice, which they readily accepted, being glad to procure so good an interpreter, by whose assistance they hoped to obtain some particular information about this almost unknown island. This Englishman, whose name waa Roberts, told them that he bad been seven years upon the island, and two years previously in that of Santa Christina ; that he had been put on-shore on the latter, out of an English merchant-ship, the crew of which had mutinied against their captain, and could not prevail upon him to join their party ; and in Nukahiwa he had lately married a relation of the king's, by which he ac- 2d <)02 VOYA6BS ROUND THE WURLD. quired great consideration; so that it would be Very easy for him to be of assistance to them. At the same time he warned them against a Frenchman, who had de- serted from an English merchant-ship, and had likewise resided here for some years. This Frenchman he des- cribed as his bitterest enemy, who omitted nothing to blacken him in the eyes of the king and the islanders, and had often, he added, made attempts against his life. Here, too, the innate hatred between the French and English appeared. Not content to disturb the peace of the whole civilized world, even the inhabitants of the lately -discovered islands of this ocean must feel the in- fluence of their rivalship without so much us knowing the origin of it. At noon anchored in Port Anna Maria. The small island of Mutanoe, which forms the western side of the entrance, bearing south-west 30 deg., and Mattaii, on the east side, nearly south. . They had scarcely let go their anchor, when the ship was surrounded by several hundred of the inhabitants, who brought cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and bananas tor sale. The only things they could give them in exchange were pieces of old iron-hoops, four or five inches ion";, with which they had supplied both ships for this purpose while at Cronstadt. Such a piece was usually the price of five cocoa-nuts and three or four of the bread-fruit; but though they seemed to set a very high value on these, axes and hatcbets were the chief objects of their wishes. They shewed a childish joy on receiving even a small piece of iron-hoop, and usually evinced their satisfaction by a loud laugh, displaying their newly-acquired riches with an air of triumph to their less fortunate companions, who swam round the ship. This expression of pleasure was perhaps a proof of the little opportunity which they have hitherto had of procuring this valuable metal ; and, indeed, they collected, from the account of Roberts, that only two small American merchant-ships had touched here in the space of seven years. At four in the afternoon the king and his suite came on-board. His name was Tapega Kettenowee. He was a very strong, well-made man, with a thick and extremely fat neck, from forty to forty-five years of age. His body was tatooed with a dark colour approaching to black, so completely, that it even extended lo spots on his Very same d de- le m- KRUSENSTERN.— 1804« 60C head, from which the hair had been cut away. He was in no wise to be distinguished from the lowest of hit subjects; being, with the exception of the tschiabu/ entirely naked. The captain led him to his cabin, and gave him a knife and a piece of red cloth about twenty ells long, which he immediately bound round his loins. To his suite, consisting chie% of his relations, he also made some presents, although Roberts advised him not to be so generous, as not one of them, not even the king, would ever make any return for them. At sunset all the men without exception went on-shore; but about 100 females still remained near the ship, round which they had been swimming during five hours. In this time they had made use of every art in their power to declare the object of their visit, nor could they doubt that theii wishes were understood, since neither their pantomime nor their attitudes could be mistaken. At ten o'clock next day, accompanied by the ambassa- dor and most of the officers of the ship, the captain went on-shore. Although, from the friendly footing on which they stood with the king and his relations, and the per- fectly unsuspicious disposition of the islanders, they had every reason to calculate upon an amicable reception, it was prudent, and indeed necessary, not to appear other- wise than well armed. They tli«>refore took a boat be- sides the barge, of which all the men, as well as the offi- cers, were armed, the former with a brace of pistols ami a sabre, and six of them with fire-arms. The English- man and Frenchman acted as interpreters. A vast con- course of people of both sexes were collected on the beach, but the landing, owing to the heavy surf, was not effected without difficultyr Although neither the king nor any of his relations were among these people,, they con- ducted themselves with great decency and respect.* After they had examined the water and found it good, they di- rected their course towards a house not far from the beach, where the king was waiting to receive them. About 500 paces from this house, the king's uncle, who is at the same time his step-father, and is here always called the king's father, came to meet them. He was an old man * Tschiabu is the girdle Trhtch the savages wear round their waist } in the Sandwich isles it is called inaro. 2D2 Off 8ei;«nty4v^ yfni^s o/ nge, ycft «fenifi| tq <»U<^ ptrricct (icaUb. HU eye iprfti verv brilU^iit, and tbc fiMiures of hiy coMRtenOiBce 4i9p|i|y«drtbe i«ajr(s of an ii^ti^^M «nd ^jE^lermipejil eb^f^cler. He ivm Q0« of |he grei^ti^ftt war- riors of t(ip limf , aa4 ^%9 nowsutlferingnroin t wo,iind on bis eye, over wiilcb be wpre fi biSMVcUee* In bis band he beld ^ long 8t«|f, wi^li wbicb be ^e«VQUTe(iit but in fain, to keep b^^k ^ crowd, H« took, Kii|^iM^eri;i by the band* 9|^(ji M ^^9^ ^9 ^ long narrow building, in whicb the king's mother, i^nd i^U bis relations of ber sex, were seal^4 in & row, apd appeared to be expecting them; fud they bad scarcely entered the precincts of this build- log, wben the king likewise came, and welcomed them with much fainilia^ri^ ^nd friendship. The people here ^tood still, f^nd separated in two bodies, theicit^'s dwel< ling bei(^ tabb\i. The captain was forced to sit down in the middle of the royal ladies, who all examined biio with a great dei^ of curiosity, holding bis band by turns, clasped within theirs, atnd only dropping it to examine his clothe^ the embroiderv of his unirorin, bat, &c. ^otvi$i»tant wsir» iind on nd h« but in ng> in them; build, i them le here 9 dwei< t down 9d biio y turns, xtmine hdsf ift mlfiinpt against them, bnt nobody appeared on tJie beacb at their landing. The king met tbem about W6 patas Arom hit dwelling, whither, after a hearty wel> comv, he accompanied them. The whole family wai assembled there, and seemed very much rejoiced at their visit; indeed, they had reason to be so, for they received presents ftom every one of the patty, and the queen ex- pressed particular satisfaction at a small looking-glas9 which was given to htt. They asked the kins what had induced him to spread a false report, which had well nigh destroyed the harmony that had hitherto existed between them, and might have led to consequences not likely to huve proved to his advantage. He said, that he had never feared they should use him ill; but that the Frenchman had told him, Krusenstern would put him in irons without fail unless hogs were brought on- board ; and this he had believed. They soon set cut On their return to the boats ; but could not, however, with- stand the request of the friendly Roberts, to visit his house ; nor did they regret the little round thev were obliged to make' in order to get there. It was built after the fashion of the island, was quite new, and stood in the midst of a wood of cocoa-trees. Upon one side flowed a small stream, and upon the other, in the middle of a rock, was a spring of mineral water. They all seated themselves round his house on the rocks, v^hich formed the banks of the rivulet, and refreshed themselves, in the shade of the lofty cocoa*trees, after their walk, which, owing to the extreme heat, had greatly fatigued them. A bout twenty of the islanders were busied throw- ing down cocoa-nuts from the trees, which others cleared of the husks, and broke with great skilfulness. The kernel quieted the hunger they began to feaL and quenched their thirst with the fine cold milk* which was extremely refreshing. Roberts's wife, «i pretty young woman, of about eighteen years of age, seemed in some measure to have departed from the custom of her country, and, very much to her advantage, for she had not rubbed her body over with cocoa-oil, which, although it gives great lustre to the skin, produces a very powerful smell. The group of Washin|(to4 Ul«nd« was discovered in the year 1^1, by Captain tngraham, of the American mer0)iant-sihp Hope, ^Cj^ost^n, lit ))ii foya^e from the eo0 VOYAGES ROUND THE WOELII* Mendoza Islands to the north-west coasts of AoMtrica.— A few weeks afterwards they were again seen try Marchand, in the French siiip Le Solide. But the ract is, (hey all belong to the group of the Marquesas, discovered by Mendana, in 1595. The Nukahiwers are invariably of a large stature, and well-made; they are very muscular, with a longhand- some neck, have a great regularity of couiiteifancc, and an air of real goodness which was not belied by their dealings ; but when we consider the crueltii^s of which these men are capable, the prejudice in their 4vour which the beauty of their person is very likeily to create, soon vanishes, and their own countenance seems to indi- cate nothing but apathy. An animated eye none of them possess. By tattooing their bodies very much, and rub- bing them with a dark colour, they acquire a black ap« pearanc!e ; otherwise; their natunil colour is c^ar ; at leattt, that of the boys and women who are not tatooed, was SO; nor do they differ very much from the colour of Europeans, being only: rather more yellow. Among the very baindsome people of this island, they observecT two in particular, who, excited the admiration of them all. The one was a great warrior of Tayo £ft)ae, and^ at the same time, ^Hat, in the language of the c6untry, is called Fire-lighter to the king ; his name was Mau-ha-u, and he was perhaps one of the handsomest men that ever* existed; he was six feet two inches high, and every part of his body perfectly beautiful. The other was Banting, king of the vale of Schegua, who, notwithstanding his age, ibr he certainly was pot less than fiHy, was still extremely handsome. The women all looked well, at least nothing could be said against their countenances. A well-pro- portioned head, a face rather round than long, a large sparkling eye, blooming colour, very good teeth, curled hair, which they ornamented with awhile band, in a manner very becoming to them all, and the remarkably clear colour of their bodies, may perhaps entitle them to a preference over the ivthabitants of th^ Sandwich, So- ciety, and Friendly Islands. A very important member of the royi»l family is the tire-maker; his duty consists partly in' being always near the king*s person to execute his orders : but the business vrherein his master generally employs him, is of a nature (At t ■-4 KRUSBNSTBRN. — 1804 607 they t-edby perfectly cl^iracteristic of the monarch of Niikabiwa. On quitting his house for any time, bis fire-maker doea not accompany him, but must, in every sense, represent his person with the queen, who finds in him a second' husband during the absence of the first. He is the guardian of her virtue, «id his reward the enjoyment of that which he has to protect. The kings of Nukahiwa probably have a notion that it is betterto share with one, what would otherwise be divided among several; but perhaps the duty of fire-maker is only a royal luxury with him. The herculean Mau-ha-u filled this post near the queen of Tayo Hoae ; but he certainly did not merit the confidence of his sovereign, for he appeared to be a very bad guardian of the morals of his wife. It may easily be imagined that a people who find pleasure in eating hunmn fiesh, will frequently wage war with their neighbours to procure some of this delicacy, although there should be no other sufficient reason for it ; and, in their art of war, there is a perfect similarity between the character of these savages, and of wild beasts. They seldom meet in large parties in the field, but their usual mode of warfare is, to be constantly watching for, and secretly seeking to butcher their prey, which they devour on the spot. He who evinces toe greatest skill in these arts, who can lie the longest on hit belly perfectly motionless, who can breathe the lowest, run the swiftest, and spring with the greatest agility from one precipice to another, acquires no less reputa* tion among his comrades than the brave and powerful Mau-ha-u. In all these attainments the Frenchman particularly excelled, and he since frequently amused them with a relation of his exploits, and of the numbers lyhom he had slain, in this mode of warfare; entering into a particular detail of all the circumstances. But he assured them, and even Roberts his enemy did him the justice to acknowledge, that he had never eaten human fiesh, always exchanging his victims for hog's. It is with the natives of the neighbouring valleys, such aa Home, Schegua, Hottyschewa, that those of Tayo Hoae wage a continued warfare, as well as with the inhabitants of another valley far inland. The warriors of Home, whose number is about 1000, have a name peouliar X^ 608 TOTAOBS ROVmn THB tTOKLD. themselves, Tui-pibs; which signifies' warriors of the fgteat ocean; with these tai-pihs the people of TVkyo Hose 4I0 not carry on war hy sea, but merely by hind. The son of Ketlenowee is married to tlM daughter of the Kihg of the Tbi-pihs ; and as she joined her husband by water, the ^ea whidi divides these two val^ it tahbu, that is to say, must not be contaminated by any bhiod. Whenever one of the high priests of the valley dies» three human bodies mast be sacrificed to him. These are never chosen fi*om among the ]^eoi>le to whidh tlie priest belonged, but must be taken tronk some of the neighbours, and several canoes are immediaieiy dis- patched to procure them. Roberts Was able to give but very little insight into the religious opinions of Ma new countrymen, probably because their ideas are but con- fused upon this head; nlthough, perhaps, he had not troubled himself to obtain any knowledge of theni. The following he described as the nsiial liineral ceremonies, in which the spirit of their origin cannot be mistaken. After the corpse is washed, it is laid upon a platform, both being covered over with a piece of entire new stuflf, and the next day the family of the deceased gives a grand feast, inviting their best friends and relations. To the«e, at which the priests must always be present, the women are on no account allowed admittance; they produce their whole stock of hogs, (seldom eaten but upon these occasions,) of taro-root, and of breadfruit, and at soon as thegnests are assembled, they cut off the hog's head to propitiate the gods, and obtain for the deceased a safe and peaceable passage through the lower regions. This gift, which the priest takes possession of, is secretly devoured by him, and he only leaves a small piece of it under a stone. The friends or nearest relations of the deceased, must then watch for some months over the corpse, and rub it constantly with cocoa^oil, t<;> prevent Eutrefiiiction. By this controncd application it becomes ard as a stone, and quitie incorruptible. Twelve months alter the first least, a second equally ektravagant meal is giv:a, to thank the gods for having permitted the de- ceased to arrive safe in the other world. After this the corpse is brokcQ into pieces, and the bonet are packed '-'f .'. ar <-■; A*' -A i»M Mwlf bo«, IMde of tile wooii of tbe breidfruit-tree, and Mrrifd to the iHorai or burial- place, where n^ woman if allowed to approaeh under pain of death. Roberts, although he appeared to be an eiithtfiiaftr; and of no settled character, wat a man of strong ander* itandioj?, and a good man. Tbe worst that Mi biff tr enemy the Frenchman could say against bim, was^ that he evinced no skill in stealing, and therefore was in con- stant danger of dying of hunger. He had, however, by degrees acquired that esteem from the savages, wbicii reason must obtain from stapidify, and be hod mwre in- fluence over them than any of their most distlngnisbed warriors. To tbe king he bad become particularly ne- cessary, and, no doubt, he would effect more good than the missionary Crook, who remained for some time upon this island, was able to jf»erform ; for the latter bad no other idea than that of converting the Nukaliiwers la CbristianitT, without recollecting that it was first neces- sary to maKC them men: for this purpose Roberts ap- pears nwre proper, as well on aecount of tlie example be afforded, and of his activity, as the esteem which they universally bore bim, than either Crook or any other missionary whatever* He has built a very neat bouse, and potsesises a piece of land, wbich he cultivates with care and diligenee ; and be never fails, where it can be done, of introducing improvements before unknown to, them. From his own acenunt he led a happy inde- pendent lik, and was onl^ troubled by the thoughts of bemg surrounded by eannibali, for which reason he was pnrticttlarly foarful of the next war. They offered to ctonvey Mm to the Sandwioh Islands, from whence be would easily find an opportunity of getting to CMnn, but he could not prevail on bimseif to quit his wifo, wha during their stay boi« him a son, and it h probable he will end his days in Nakahiwab The information with regard to the population of the island, ie dniwr certainly from a very ai>bitrary estiauio tion. But where no^ positive aecoiwl can* be adduced^ awy thing^ evnn appvo«cfaia(f tike Initb becomes of value. Tnyo Hi(Me, accovahi|f t» Roberts^ cm send 990 waitwrs agsfinsl itsenemiai; H«nwlOOO; Scbcgua 000; Mmi* dny has lUdO j Hotty-Sehewa, tw the soatb-west of Ti^ Hoan, and anethf>r valley to tbe north-east, have eacb 2 n > 610 VOYAGB8 SOUND THB W^RLI • 1200. These numbers Roberts mentioned tt randoB^ having no positive information on the subject, but be- lieving, he said, that they were rather below than above the mark. The warriors, therefore, amount to 5^900; and if we take three times that number for the women, children, and old people, which is not too little, consi- dering that their, marriages are very unproductive, the whole amount of the population is 17i70(), or in round numbers 16,000« The two Europeans, who had bqitli resided here for several years, agreed id their assertions^ that the natives were a ci^uel intractable people, ^d, without even the exception of the female seX| very much addicted to can- nibalism. They desc);tbed, as eye-witnesses, the barla- rous scenes that are acted, particularly in timea of war; the desperate rage with whK^h they fall ,*jpoB their vic- tims; immediately tear off their head, and diip their blood out of the skull, with the most disgusting greedi- ness, completing in this manner their horrible repast. In times of famine the men butcher their wives and chil- dren, and their aged parents; they bake and stew th«tr flesh, and devour it with the greatest satisfaction. Some years ago an American merchant-ship put into Port Aiiua Maria, and the captain^ who was a quaker, suffered liis people to^ go on-shore unarmed ; but the natives no sooner perceived their defenceless condition, than they as- sembled in order to attack and drag them into the moun- tains. Roberts succeeded, witl» the greatest difficulty, and with the assistance of the king^ to whom he repre- sented the treachervof their coadact» and the conse- quences it would inmllibly bring upoli the whole island, in rescuing them out of the hands of these cannibals. On the 18th of May they set sail, in very bad weather, from the bay of Tayo Hoae, oi Anna Maria.* On the 7th of June, at half past eight, saw land, and immediately perceiv- ed it to be Owaihi, distant about thirty-six miles, bearing north-west, yet could not distinguish Mowoa Roa. After stand ing-in to about six mikss from tba shore, put the ship abou and steered along the oeast under uothiog but ioy}s-y ^ heaving-to as soon at they saw «ny canoes put ct^' 'heir cargoes, however^ did nol4n the least insr. f ( xpectatioa. Some potatoes, half adiycen coooa- %t^\t atid H small sucking-pig, were all they were ablem Cape Nomo to tilt «». nince ol Kangasakv there were several small bights l^M lh«» toeks^ bordered by the most beautifaliVaUies,. drhe hind^ i»feiiehif, bore de- cided prooft of 'ihe mosldiligeiiiiottlti not a menade, wllt^f^iln toon as any hmA put so this jvomenadc fly, th ItAe V there were two icinity. One adorned this pro- aidcky ground. As •hip, -fbr Kibatsch, for i fleit if ten or fifteen vessels imm^Kat^ pulNlMmsdvea in liotion, surround- ing the boat on alf sidei, and in this same manner it was €iddra to utter the 614 VOYAGES ROUKD THB WORLD. least found in answer to their questions. When the ambassador at length received permission to land, a con- siderable buHding was appointed for his residence, but the seven towers of Constantinople were hardly so well guarded as their Megasaky, for Ihis was the name of the Russian Dexiuia. The house was situated upon a neck of land so near the sea, that on the south and east«sides the water at high-tide came close under the windows. When we say windows, tnis word can scarcely apply to a square space about a foot wide,, provided with a double lattice- work, and which therefore admitted but very little light into the room. They steered about four o'clock in the aftemooin, in company with a Japanese boat, towards Nai^asaky, and anchored about half past five at the entrance of the har- bour. The same evening they anchored about ten o'clock, received the visit of several magistrates, oibsm- jos, as they are called in Japan, from Nangasaky, who, without waiting for an invitation, walked at once into the cabin, and seated themselves on the carpet. The atten dants of these great men consisted of about twenty per- sons, among whom werl several firiks, or Japanese interpre- ters of the Dutch language, ^fhe Opperboofd, or direc- tor of the Dutch factory,* Mj^Heer van DocfF^ was also brought along with the Miyos ; but it was upwards of an hour before he was perdiitttd to <^eme on-board. He had scarcely entered the cabin wtti his suite, consisting of his secretary, th€ two captaina^f the Dutch ships that were here, and a Baron Pabst, when they were all obliged to remain during several minutes in an inclined posture, which they were called" upon to do, by a most insolent order from the interpreter: " Myn Heer Opper- hoofd, compliment voor de Opper Bathos." This sub- missive, and at the same time degrading attention, was not answered even by a nod. The compliments, as they are called, of the Dutch, are something between the bows x>ft^6 Europeans and Japanese, which last consist in throwing yourself flat on the ground, touching tbe earth with your head, and crouching backwards and forwards according as you may be spoken to by your sufierior, • ^ ■'■^tm *■>« - ■;■:? » •^ The extraordinary respect with which the interpreters ipoke to the banjos gave at first a very faigli idea of the KRU8BN8TBRN.*18a4. et.s character of these magistrates, whose rank they after-, wards learnt was very inconsiderable ; and thiat nothing but a conimission from the governor imparts to them a temporary elevation. Whenever an interpreter had any thing to translate, he cast himself on bis hands and knees before the banjos : and in this attitude, with his head hanging down, lie made a hissing noise two or three times with his mouth, as if he were inhaling the air that surrounded his master. He then report^ tu the banjos, in a tone of voice scarcely audible, and mixed with repeated sighings* in short, broken sentences* the conversation which inDutch had lasted several minutes. If a Japanese was addressed by a baiyos he crouched to him, bowed bis head to the ground, repeating constantly the monosyllable Eh ! eh I iat ending to signify, " I un< derstand." The banjos always conducted themselves with great dignity ; they never laughed, but occasionally shewed their satisfaction b^ a smile. The clothing of the banjos, as well as of the interpre* ters, consisted of a short .upper garment with very wide sleeves, and under this a complete, gown, reaching quite down to their feet, and fastened round the neck, and very similar to the female dress in Europe, except in be^ ing much parrower from the hips downwards, so as to render it extremely ditfiouit for them to walk ; indeed, they never walk but when they, are absolutely compelled to do so. This is the uaiial dress of all the Japanese; and the only difference between the clothea of the rich and of the poor is, that those of the former are made of silk, while the latter are clad in coarse woollen stuffs; the up- per garment is generally black, but there are some of different colours, and the lower dress b mostly of mixed colours. Every one has his family-arms worked into his clothes, in different places, about the size of a half dol^ lar, a practice usual to both sexes ; and in this manner any person may he recognized, and the family to which he belongs easily ascertained* A young lady wears her fiitber's arms until after her marriage, when she assumes those of her husband. The greatest mark of honour which a prince, or a governor* can confer upon any one is to give him a cloak with his arms upon it, the person having such a one wearing hi» own arms upon his under dress.; and the ambassador was frequently told ho,w »Ur em VOYAOii nOVvH ¥tfB IfoibDv ^ preme t happineis would be conferred upon bin, If illr cnpcror was to present him with a garment bearing the imperial arm^. About four o'clock the next afternoon, a present, con- sisting of fish, rice, and fowls, was brought on>board from the governor. At midnight they weighed anchor, and were towed by about sixty boats to a new anchorage, which was nearly two mites and a half off. They could not but admire the order with which this was effected ; the flotilla divided itself into five lines, of twelve or eighteen boats each, which kept their places so regularly, that they were not once broken ; and, notwithstanding a foul wind, they advanced at the rate of two miles an hour. About four in the morning, they anchored in twenty-five fiithoms water, and were instantly surrounded by thirty- two f uard-boats, which formed a circle round the 4bip, that no vessel was allowed to break through. Their arrival at Nangasaky was too important an event in Japan for the court not to be informed of the most trifling circumstances ; so that after each visit of the interpreters to the ship, a courier was dispatched with an account of every word and gesture, which fre- quently were of a nature to increase the suspicion and ininre the pride of this jealous and haughty people. Tney aflerwards learned that the Cubo, or western £m- peror» could determine nothing on this momentous occa- sion, witbont consulting the Dairy ; and that he had even sent an embassy concerning them, to ascertain the wishes of this important personage, whom the Japanese, although he has no executive authorit3r, hold in the greatest vent^ ration on account of his religious character* On the 17th of Deceml^r the ambassador was eon- veyed on shore, ft»r which purpose the Prince of Fiseu sent his own boat, a vessel exceeding in siie (being 120 ftlet lonjg and magnificence every thing they had hitherto seen. The walls and ceilings of the numerous cabins were all varnished over in the handsomest manner, and the stairs, which were of red wood, were polished so highly as to have the appearance of lacker. The decks were coi^ered with milts and the most costly carpets ; the cnrtains to the doors were of rich stuffs ; and the whole boat was hung with double rewt of silks, of diffbrent •olottirt. As the ambassador stepped'on-board, the Rus- KftUSENSTBBN.— 1806 017 •iui imperial standard was hoisted and wav^ together with the flag of the Prince of Fiseh; and bis ffuard, which acoonpanied him on-board the vessel, took their place on ihe upper-deck, close to the standard. A Ob the 10th of February the ambassador reccfred au official notice that the emperor had sent a person, attended by eiffht nobles, to Nangasaky, with full powers to treat with him. The interpreters did not exactly tell him that he would not now have auy occasion to travel to Jeddo, yet this was easily to be inferred. The person whom the emperor had sent was of the highest rank, and, accord- ing to the expression made use of by the interpreters, was permitted to see the empci^r's feet, though nerer to exalt his looks higher; (an honour which even the gover- nor of Nangasaky could not boast;) ^ad it was not lo be supposed that so graat a character would be sctat merely to accompany the ambassador to Jeddo.) It was only, however, on the 12th of A^u^rcb, tr\i Skeyseima, tlie chief interpreter, acquainted the ami . i- sador that he would not be permitted to travel to J^dJo; and that the Japanese plenipotentiary would iwiive in ten or tffteen days in Nangasaky, after which t ie ihip roust return to Kamtschatka, as soon as she could possibly be fitted for sea. On the 30th of March the plenipotentiary arrived from Jeddo. The negociatioBs, with respect to the ceremonies of the audience, which were conducted with great warmth on both sides, commenced on the Sd of April, when it was concluded that the ambassador should pay the re- presentative of the Japanese emperor an European and not a Japanese comphment On the 4th of April the ambat.> idor had his first audi, ence, to which he was convened ii;^ a lar^e boat, adorned with flags and curtains. His suite consisted of five per- sons. Major Frederici, Captain Feodoroff, Lieutenant Koscheleff, Dr. LangsdoriF* ^nd Counsellor Fosse, besides a serjeiint, who carried the standard ; and he landed at a place to the n^rth of Dezima, which the interpreters called Mussel Trapp. On this occasion merely an ex- change of compliments took place, and a few insignificant qtiestioiis were put to him. The second audience was cpndiicted with the same ceremonies, and here the nego- dation terminated ; the necessary documents being de- 018 VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD* livered into his hands, which contained an order that ncv Russian ship should again come to Japan ; and the pre- sents, and even the letter from the Emperor of Russia, were ^'J refused. On %e 16th of April, the ambassador had his last audience of the plenipotentiary ; immediately after which they began to bring the cannon, anchors, cables, and provisions on-board. The satisfaction which the pros- pect of soon quitting Japan occasioned to the ship's company, was evinced in their activity, and the woi;king sixteen hours a-day, to get the ship in readiness* At four in the morning of the 17th of April they hove in their first anchor ; and at five the next morning sailed out of the bay with a moderate breeze at east-south.east, very glad to be released from so little honourable con- finement, which might have been the prelude to a harder fate. At day-break, on the 21st, perceived the land, and they held a course parallel with the island of Tsus. The north extremity of this island at that time bore west- by- north, and a high flat mountain, not far from this point, south-west 85 deg. ; at on« the north end of the island bore nearly west. On the 1st of May perceived again the land of Japan bearing east-north-east, at the the distance t)f about eighteen or twenty miles : it had quite the appearance of an island, and they had ho doubt of its being that of Iwo-sima,laid down in the charts nearly in 39 deg., between Gape Sangar and Jacata Bay ; but the next day they were convinced that it was no island, but a promontory projecting very much to the west» and distinguishable by a high mountain, with a rounded sum- mit lying in the centre of it. In latitude 40 deg. 50 min., and longitude 210 deg. 54 min. perceived a town, .with a port and several vessels lying at anchor; the valley in which it was built ap- peared in the highest degree cultivated. Corn-fields, mea- dows in which a considerable quantity of cattle were grazing, and groups of trees, apparently more the work of art than of nature, beautified this district* About five o'clock four large boats put< off from the town, which then bore south>ea«t, and rowed towards them in the greatest hurry. The number of people, of whom there were twenty-five or thirty in each boat, rendered their interition rather suspicipus ; but though it was scarcely KRUSENSTBRN.— 1806. 619 probable that they could be hostile, considering the well- known strictness of the Japanese government, still they thought it prudent to load the guns and put the soldiers under arms. By six o'clock they overtook them ; they called to them in Japanese, requesting they would come on-board ; but of this they appeared afraid. After having sailed twice round the ship, and considered it with the greatest attention, they hauled up their sails, and returned towards the town. On the 4th they were nearly opposite the middle of the straits of Sangar, in which, even from the mast-head, they were unable to perceive any land ; but on both sides, to the eastward of Cape Sangar and Cape Na- deshda, were several promontories. The line of coast from Cape Nadjshda to Cape Sineko is north-west, the distance between the two being eighteen miles. Between these, in a large but open bay, is the town of Matzumay, whose name the Japanese have extended to the whole island of Jesso: it is of conside bie size, and the rcsi> dence of the governor; but is the only town of any mag- nitude in the whole island. Before they had weathered a long point of Jesso they perceived a boat with four of the natives rowing off. They continued about a quarter of an hour alongside the ship, but could not be prevailed upon to come on-board, and at length returned, flow- ever, they had scarcely cast anchor when several paid them a visit, who immediately came on-board without the least signs of fear. As they came on deck they fell on their knees, laid their two hands on their heads, passing them down their faces and their bodies, at the same time that they made a low bow. On the 11th, at nine in the morning, some Japanese arrived M'ith an officer at their head, in a large boat, rowed by the natives of the island. The officer appeared extremely alarmed at their arrival, requesting most earnestly they would immedi- ately sail from hence. The Japanese discipline exists even here, the farthest boundary of their possessions, in all its force. The officer could in no ways be persuaded to accept a trifling present which the ambassador offered him, and even refused to take a glass of Japanese sakky, their favourite beverage. They now steered towards Aniwa Bay: the west side of which is throughout very mountainous, and even now was covered in part with snow. At ten, next morning 020 VOYA^ii BOiritll tut WORLD. Krtisetls1#i^^ w«nt iiiffi tile aitib«Mad«T oii«>b««i^ a !». panese ih'tp, ^fc«¥« tifey w«re rety liMdMUidy r«e tooed hands, added to no remarkable cleanliness in their clothing, do not give them any great pretensions to lovp- liness. The characteristic quality of an Aino is goodnesfi of heart, which is expressed in the strongest manner in his countenance ; and so fiir as they were enabled to ob- serve their actions, they fully answered this expression. Their dress consists chiefly of the skins of tame dogs and seals : but some were in a very diffoent attire, which re- sembled the Parkis of the Kamtschadales, and is, pro- perly speaking, a white shirt worn over their other clotnei. Tn Aniwa Bay they were all clad in furs ; their boots were made of seal-skins, and in these likewise the women wert invariably clothed. On the 28th they had a high wind from west-north- weit, which increased towards evening to a storm, and, conceiving themselves to be only a short distance from theKuriles, lay-to under a reefed top-sail and storm-saili. Next day, the wind had now become so moderate that they were enabled to carry all sail ; and, at eight o'clock perceived, at a short distance, a high peak, which most The ieMil«. with a ifit, and Ikoithbf ernnkeut topto- ('Wdtild, a iiiiich inl th^ir -;1 slow the or four » with a straight the apo coutite- ficiently Ml-black and tat> \ in their to lovf- ^oodnesfi tanner in d to ob- 3res8ioD. logs and rhich re- is, pro> clothei. ots were len wert Bt-north* to, and, lee from rin-iatli. ■ate that ; o'clock chnmsC ]miv« bttn ihft ti^lftb iaUmd, nr tiMit ci^Ued Mutiwu The straight b^twaefi tlii^sf two, iroap ||i« 4f s«rip|iwi «f ilie Kuriies ir TrUa^V im»w HQilMf r« ediltowc ii il^i^ miles wide, and pe/fectry safe ; but in Saryts<;het^'s emrl i| is only twenly. At two ifi lh« afW^HMMi of tb« 9d June, discavered the coast oif Kwvtsub^lM* Th^ wind confi- nued moderate fronp tb» soutli^eiwt, wad il wan 90% uRtil tb« 6t|| tlml Ibey easit anchor in thia h^rbous of S|. Feter and St. Paul^ forty eigbt daya af^r teavins Nani^^ky. Qn the ^b July Krusensteni f^foce^d/od Irom tbia Imr- bour to evaniina w^at wa« caUed Sacbailin fsland, but which ia now known |o be a, p^io^ula. of Taf tary. The nariative afords only namtical derails, of no geiUrui iiv- tereat whatever ; on t,be n Russian establi»lw«Bt> ^^ i4ea of its being a colony founded a few yeai^s^ bul vecenlly abandoned. N<]kthing is visible here ibnt could at aU persua is plenty pf the finest grass, if there were a suflli ciency oi men to collect a quantity of Iray equal to the support of so large a flock during a long winter, independent of the military, who, indeed, constitute the greater part of the inhabitants, and are so much employed in other works. The breeding of hogs is difficult, owing to the scarcity of corn ; but it would be easier to have sheep, goats, and poultry, the former requiriug nothing but good iiay. Although in the vicinity of St. Peter and St. Paul, tiiey met with no short delicate grass, there can be no doubt tjiat these species exists in these parts. Most of the inhabitants suffer from scurvy throughout the w'inter. Of five people whom they had brought as passengers to Kamt^chatka, and who had been in perfect health during the whole voyage, they found, on their re- turn from Japan, only one in good health, lU^ rest having suffered very much during tii^ winter from this disorder i i KRUSBN8TEBN.— 1807. (527 The prospectof any increase of the inhabitants of Kaiiitn- chatKa was very much diminished, not only by tliu smallness of the number of the remaining Russians and Kamtschatdales, but by that of the women bearing ii(» kind of proportion to the men. At St. Peter and St. Paul, where tlie number of inhabitants, including the military, amounts to one hundred and fifty or one hundred ami eighty persons, there are not five-and-twenty females. The Kamtschatdales never inhabit the towns built by the Russians, but live scattered about the interior of the country, in small villages, called ostrogs, of different dimensions. Since the last epidemic disorder, in the years 1800 and 1801, tluring which 6,000 Kamtschatdales perished, it is very rare to meet more than fifteen or twenty per- sons in an ostrog ; iii many there are 'scarcely the half oi' this number, although there may be others where the population is more extensive. Such an ostrog is under the immediate command of a tayon, or chief, who is chosen from amongst the inhabitants, and whose charac- ter is similar to that of a starost, or elder, in the Russian villages. Under him he has an officer, who bears the title of jessaul, and who, properly speaking, holds the executive authority of the ostrog, as the tayon does no more than deliver his orders to him. In the absence of the tayon the jessaul assumes his place, and the eldest Kamtsubat* dale in the ostrog takes upon him that of the jessaul. The tayon's power is considerable, since it even extends , to the inflicting of corporal punishments, though these must never exceed twenty lashes. They generally select as tayon an active Kamtschatdale, who has distinguished himself by his good conduct. His duty consists, besides the discharge of the internal regulations of his ostrog, in collecting the best sables, which each Kamtschatdale pays annually as a. tribute, and carrying them, sealed up, to the town, where they are examined in the presence of certain magistrates, and taxed by a person authorised by the crown. The amount of the duties to be paid by the ostrog is then deducted from the value of the sables, and whatever there is exceeding it is paid in money to the •tayon, who divides it proportionally among the inhabit- ants of his ostrog. The annual taxes of the Kamtschat- dales amount, exclusive of the capitation-tax, to about three roubles, which, however, are not paid in money, hut in sables, in the manner above described* ({2B VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. In the winter they are obliged to conduct trkvelltra and couriers from one ostrog to another : they supply the dogs of those who travel with jukula; they also lodge the travellers ; this, however, they are not obliged to do. This hospitable people has, of its own accord, engaged to lodge every traveller, and to feed his dogs without de- manding any remuneration. In every ostrog there is a sup- ply of fish set apart for this purpose. In general, the go- vernor and all officers keep dogs, so that in this respect they are not burthensome to the Kanitscbatdales. These people, in spite of their extreme poverty, are an example of honesty : in this respect, it is altogether impossible to exceed ihem, and it is as rare to find a cheat among the Kamtschatdales as a man of property. Travellers, on their arrival in any ostrog, usually give their money, pa- pers, and valuables, and even their stock of brandy, tea, sugar, tobacco, &c. into the hands of the tayon, ftnd there is no instance of any one having been robbed to the smallest extent. On the 9th of October quitted St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the 20th of November, without any event of conse- quence, anchored at Macao, where, the 3d of December, they were joined by t^ie Neva, with a cargo of furs from the coast of America. On the 9th of February they left Canton ; the ships separated the 15th of April, reaching St. Helena the 3d of May. August 19th, 180(J, anchored in safety at Cronstadt, after an absence of three years and twelve days, without the loss of one man of the ship's crew. FINIS '-. V i » € 1 INDEX. ), on , pa- , tea, ttnd id to Pige BBENOOE, a rriendly chief - 487 Abendroth isUod Acapuico ship Acquets, port of Acrr, St. Jean D' Adaes Admiralty inlands inlet Adventure islands ■ — bay - 2S7 . S!43, 314 77,843,315 -45« • 325 • SIS • sgo .489 . , • 361 • 391 Bale de lAOgle — Estaing -' CHStrlta BsBca, Isle of Banks, Mr. Ptige 454 . 455 . lb. . *ii • 3«6 Aiuos Albion, Hew -, reception of Drake at murdu of boat's crew at 303 . - -080 - !i4.411 Algatross, attack upon - i?^ Amapalla island - .-58 Ambler, Benjamin - - 543 Anamooka, or Itotterdam island 374,397 Angre de Reys Anna pink, condemned Annobon island Anderson, Mr. death of •r— — — 's island . 123 • S.l6 42, 219 -414 lb. -830 • 832 Anson's voyage , sorm experienced by _ , takfs prizes 237, C3«, 241,258 . , captures Paita - - 84p . — , Hrrivps in England - 854 Aotourou tiepitrts with Bougain- ville - - - - 303 .. , surprise of, at a Euro- poHO seulernent Arabs, account of , brtitle with others Aroliiiii-lago of navigainrs — — , the erf. -I Cy« lades , (Jangeious , - Arekif or King of ilie Indians Ark of He Etooa Asceobion island Assumption island, ^ ,t, AtH|ipa. villMgo of Atahouroo, «listrict in Otaheite ;uti!i . 310 J 320 "sei .106 * .307 I 298 . C14 - 552 * 387 448 - 431 - 333 Atooi, isl'iud of Aurora, island of . 410,422 .306 Bachelor's livcr Bale de I'nnay ■ H i Suffieio -, cataract near C69 ■ib. 4S8 453 of , dangerona adveatnre -387 ., lands at Otaheite - 330 terrifies ladians by killing bird* - . . SSI , loses his clothes • 333 — ', amused by mvsiclabs 334 . 341 .573 . 9S • S19 • 109,318,354 • 118 . .85 . 8S8 344 .. sso 415, 484 -482 . 576 • «ST - 14 884 310 . 18 ' 340 ■ 423 Bare island Barrington, Oeorgis Bashee islands Bassora Batavia Batchelor, alderman Bats, extraordinary Bauman's islands Bay of islands Bedouin Arabs Beering's stndt Behm, major Benoelong - Berkeley's Sound Birds of Paradise Bishop of Osnaburgh's island Boera, isle of BohOl, isle of * Bolabola, isle of Bolcheretsk - " Borneo, island of • 18,47,112 Botany Bay • • 347, 574 Botol Tabacdxima, isles of . 451 Bougainville's voyage 29* passes through the Straits of Magellan - 5;()7 's discoveries 297,298, .306, 307, 308 . aftacked by Indians 309 ; returns to France -311 Bow island - 329 Brava island Brahmins Brett, lieutenant Britain, New Broken bay Broughion, lieutenant Buccaneers — , engajte the Spaniards (n Bui lian, Mr. danger of - - ^-T Bun island * ^" SO •318 • 840 . .229 •• - .348 . 479, 482 49. 60, 67 0M INDEX. Page . a • 05.1(16 . 854 800, asi. a68, 86S • 6S • *77 .. l6o .«8C • 405 -ses •110 -85S - 15.181 . 36 . - sr -496 • 114,356 - . SB -836 -851 . .887 • 881 Buthuau Ulsnd Button itUnd Bjprou't vojrafe — — dUcoveriet UUml C»bb«ge>tr«« C»ledo&ia. New California CmIImo, attack upoi* Camoen't grotto CandUmaa ialw Canton — — — ., fire at Cape Verde itlanda ■■■ ■ St Lucar •— - Spirittt Santo — Chilloa — — Good Hope Capul Uland CarlaJiof Uland CarlUle Sound Carmelo Monte taken Carteret'* voyage — — — discoTeriet • 888 loSgo — -— — aink* a pirate . 801 -— ^— spirited conduct to the Dutch « .808 Carysfort island . 470 Catherine's, St. island - 831,440,600 Cavendish's voyage • •30 — — captures aa Acapulco ship • • • 36 ' knighted by Queeo Elisabeth . , 40 Cavite, port of , Sl6. 450 Onturion, fire on-board of • 850 ■■- anchors at Macao • 851 .— - takes the galleon - 858 Chametly islands • -77 Charles V.I - -16 Chatham islands • • 473, 488 Chequetan • . 843 Cherry island • • 474 Cheribon • « 113 Chili - . . 88,516 Christmas sound • . 388 harbour • . 30O i island - .400 Cici • • . • 45 Clarence island • • 473 Clippertoo's voyage • • 171 — ■ ■ ■ attacks Guam • 181 ' " ill-success n • 184 Cockles, extraordinary •. 0^,340 Cocos island • . . 170 Company's island • • 457 Conception bay .> • 441 Connelly, John » . ^ CooVs first voyfts^ • .386 Cook's disco <. ":«. •3«g, 330 — — suy at «> ^ >ttfi' e • 318, 330 — — strikes An m ruck • ' 348 ——— returns to England - 358 — — — second voyage • • 358 — -- calls at Ouhei.8 • S6« Cook, mrets witli ice •367 • eKamines the Otaheltcaa fleet • • 378 - ■ ■ ■ ' diseoveries • • 375 — — examines Terra del Fuego 383 ■ searches for southern lands 385 ■ - third voyage - . 300 discoveries 304. 308. Sg6, 4uO, 418 - visit to the chief of the Ha> pai islands - 304 — — visited by the king of the Friendly Islands • 400 — — revisiu the Society Islands 405 '■■ discovers the Sandwich Is* laads • -400 I examines the coast of America '418 — — killed at Owhyhee • 480 Cooke, Dampier's commander • 53 Coquimbo - - 88 Cordes bay . • .. 800 Corner, lieutenant • 4X0 Corpus Sanctum ■ • 0^ Courtney, captain • • 117 Coe-ley's voyage •• • 106 Cronet island • •> 300 Crescent island • 545 Crook, Mr. .548 Oomberlaad island • 871 Daagerand island - • S87 Dairel ICamar • 3(5 DaaascBS ... 392 Dampier's voyage • '40 — early life of • • 50 ■ quits Ms ship > • go ■ services in Sumatra • 101 ■ voyage in the Roebuck 103 . I « ■ St. George 104 ' engagement with no enemy - • • 105 ■I deserted by Clippington 106 ilUsuccess against tbo Manilla ship Darien, isthmus of Davis, captain D'Entrecasteaux's voyage . . I ■ ' death De Page's voyage and travels ■ III to Acapulco I I I — Pbillippinc Islands . ib. 60 56 563 568 318 .114 315 and jHpai Kamtaetti massacrec De Langle. Dndalus, Diana shoe Discovery, Dixon's an Dtsappointi Dogs eaten Dolphin, ci Easter Isl Eaton, CI £4tooa, a Ehp|>o, a Edward, boats Egmont, Etmeo ii Eleano < Elias, Si English English Eooa 01 Equino IKhEX. htfl De Pkkge** vnya!i<>, tc BaitorM — — — . hyru Pa;:- > 3ltf - sec • 419 De la Prrouse's %'oy«igr ■ calls at EaiCer !•- I land • . • «H and JMpan ■ l<)i«a s«%'eral men •aiU along Corea 4M m reception at KaialMli^Ura inaisacred 4M 464 46tt 46.n 307 480 4S6 «60 SS5 «5T S69 Drake's voyage - - • 17 eaecule* one of hi* nun CI takes priies • 88, 24 strikes on a rock • 88 knighted by Queen Eli* ■ part of his crew uncertain fate of • De Langle, captain, massacre of Dndalus, Arrival ot' the • - Diana shoal Discovery, port Dixon's and Poitlock's voyage • DisappoiDtment ikiands • • Dogs eaten at Otaheite Dolphin, cape . . . ' and Swallow separate - aabeth . S9 DBttS*» . > • .384 Duchess, struck by a sen .186 Duke and Duchess qiuit Pern . 163 Dufour's island .syo Duff, ship .531 — -*s mounlaijis .545 — — group .560 Dusky bay 344,360 Easter Island . • 884, 36B, 441 Eaton, captain > > M Edtooa, aik of - - M3 Eappo, a chief of O whyhee • 081 Edward, Prince, islands • 300 *s voyage • • 460 dUcoveries 460, 470, 473, 474 wrecked • * 475 reaches Timor io the -477 . 856 .871,S84 .334,407 . 15 .413 .287 . 488 • 407* M5 • 543 — .^— . go among savages • 56l Eooa or Middleburgh island 364, 404 Equinoctial line • 120 boats Egmont, port — — ^ island Eimee island Eleano del J. Sebastian Slias, Sc. mount EuKlish cove Englishmen at Attoui I Owhyhee -Tonnataboo Ereti, a chif-rot'OtHlii.ite Etoa, a 9a(-r*' • - 61 . ■ attack upon by Rogers 137 Guinea, New * .815 . Adrian Claas, wounded at • - - 217 Half. moon's crew mutiny * 100 Halibut abundance of • 4l6 Hanover, New > i^SBQ Hapaee islanda « SSfi Happi, father of Pomsrey Hardy, Sir Clut-let's UUad Harp inland Harris, captaiu , Mr. Hawkesbury island ' settlement INDEX. Page ■ 48.1 • S87 • 2ii8 • 68 . £48 .476 -574 -470 -377 • 363 Hayward, lieutenant Hebrides, Mew Heeva, or play at Otaheite Helena, St. - 40, 59> -^ Heremite islands • • 388 Hergest and Ooocira murderers executed - i50« Hermogenes, St. island - 414 Hervey's island . 3y6 Holland, Mew 3»7. 573 Hoongatonca islands -467 Hood's islands 37«>, 469 Horn, cape, discovered . 208 Hottentots - • 114, 357 Houden island - 2(19 Horses of the Patagonians • if>1 Houses at Nootka Sound -505 Uuaheine island 339, 372 Hughes, lieutenant - U3 Human sacrifices at Otaheite -406 Hnmuna isluud - 7 Huts of Tierra del Fuego - 221 Ice islands - 3:)<;, 367> 384, 415 Icy cape - 415 Indian prisoner • 143 - lis - 281 -227 , batilf with Ireland, Muw • - S88 Jamaica jjlunibs • SSB Japanese vessels • - 452 Japan • 611 ■ 1, Russian embessy to - 612 at • - - fil6 Java, island of - - S8, 39 ■-^, chief priest of sustenance - 4K Jesu Ma'ia ship captured - 193 entjagemeut with a Spaniard - . - • 'iQa Juan FeruHiidez - 54, 1<^6, 174, '231 ■ II — four seamen ()e« aert at • • - 175 «■■».—— six st'^meu re- main at • • • 221 Kahooramurdrrs the Adv< nture'.e's islands, of Byron 86S •■ island, or Otaheite 271 •— — or Mool-ka Sound 418 Koah. a ciiinf and priest • 418 Korile islands • , -484 Kruseosiern's voyage - - 599 — — calls at ihe Marquesas 601 Kamtsciialka 6X1 ' procet-ds to Maugasaki 6i4 surveys the adjoining • 621 7.86 coasts Ladrone islands Laguna, countess of, taken priso* ner • • - • 170 Lagoon island - • 329 Lefooga island • - 398 L'Heiemite's voyage • - 218 • defeats Barbary cop«, sairs • • x.ib.. . . — surgeon, cruelty to - 8I9 — — — — part of his crew roas- sarred • ... 820 dies - » 828 Leiuh's island • - 888 Lc Maire's voyage • • 8O6 — — — stiait discovered • 808 ————— takes an Indian vessel 810 defeats an Indian fleet 818 dies - - 217 L«>on, town of . -70 , attack of ... ib, Leprrs, isle of * . . 308 Lima, port of - • S3 Lip, ornament of, Atiierican wo- men • . 435 Lobos de I a Mar, isle of • 55, 132 Lnretlo, selllement in California 445 Louisiaiie . ~ . soB Luhnt, i»!anrl . - 9 Luconia, island of • •86 Mat ao .' 18?, 198. 438, 448 Macassar .. . 28,44,201 Maiiellriu's voviti;e - -1 ■ — si|iti'''rau - - 8 — c'liiSiiiiHcy aqainst • . 5 - stiHK • , • 6,21.300 iMiiu'iuf. -, I'.iii r ot 1". imeo ' 11 -407 M.uliH Mailirt • -4ST M;iir«', I.', sitJiit of • • 54 M< il c'oIIh, )ijiiiiui of • •375 Mmi. isle ol 9 \ * 888 M.lU«4-(',l, ! .|v (if t •394 INDEX. M»n 11a 38, 86, 31 6, 450 — ship, capture of • escapes Maouna, isle of Maquinna, chief of Nootka Marchaod's voyage ■ calls at the Marquesas — — — discovers theRevolutioa l6l 46l 519 ib. Islands touches at North.west America -■ Sandwich islands Mareewagee, a chief of the Friend ly islands Mareckau island Marines, two, desert from Cook . '..I four killed with him Margaret, dangerous situattou of the . - . — — , wreck of Marion's island Marquen islands Marquesas ■ Englishman at Marquis ship fitted out Masa Fuero, isle of Mathan island Matty's island Matavai bay Maura, island of Maurice i'.tii8hi|i8 • > 599 Nassau bay - '220 Nativity, port • . • 35 Navigators islands • • 460, 465 ■ , massacre at • 463 Necker, isle of • • 44» Negroes, desertion of • • 155 Nepean island * - 577 New Holland . • 96, 103 ——island • • 280 ——• South Wales - 3J8,574 Nicobar islands -98 Nicoys, town of • Hd Nootka Sound discovered • 41S . vessel wi-i>t€f84n Tforih West America • • 432 Norfolk island -378,468,57^ ■ ■ sound • • 4'3 North West American natives - 433 436,505,524 ■ — America, appearance of - - - 436 passage does not exist - • 5l6 Nukahiwa, island of - 601 — ^— — ^ natives of - " 606 customs of • " Cot Oaiti-piha bay • - 36l Oamo, a chief of Otaheite • 336 Oberea, queen of Otaheite 275, 332, 335 Ochotsk • • -458 Oedidep, h chief, fires some guns 374 Olivet's, Mr. nariative • - 477 Omai embarks with Captain Fur- . ne^ux ... 363 quits England • . 389 —— meets with some of his coun- trymei) . • . . 395 ^—ai rival at Otaheite • 406 settles ill Hualieine • 407 uitrelieow, islaudof '410,422 i/Uiial.isliki^ « « . > 414 m xndeX. 0|Mirri*e. rfsideiirr of the king of Ocalteite - 3fit, iM Opvio Ulttiid . . 481 Oranges, uuiAbers of procured C80 Oree, king ot Hualieine 3.17* 36l Oreo, a chief of Ulietpa • 30S Orleans, New . • SIC Orono, Captain Cook so called 418 Oroque island • 08 Osuaburgh island • CM Ouha island • • SSQ Otahelte 871 > 89B, 3!I0. S71, 405, 470, 481, 5.14,^9,977. 000 ■, Port-Royal harbour in C78 ■, disposal of the dead SOI " , religion of • • lb. , customs of « • 305 -, change of gOTernment in SCC 37S ♦71 -, fleet of • gods, little respect to -, burial ceremonies of >, population of 555 «73 Ocaheiteans,hostility of to Wallis ' disputes with Bou* gainville • • « SOS OtakooUia island Sg8 Otegoowgoow wounded • SIS Otoo, king of Ouheite 336, SAS, S78, 471. 482, 537, 555, 5?B, 508 , homage to from liis grand* father . . - 483 , afterwards Fomarrey - 48S Ottttoyelah island • • 470 Owharre bay . - 363 Owhyhee 4l6. 487. 4^5, 509, dS6, 58B — —-—, dance at • -513 " , i-ession of to England 514 ■ , European saitorit at •• 515 Owhyheaii, first inan-ot-war - 511 Oyolava island • • 4^5 Facifie Ocean and great South Sea 7 Painted Prince, account of 108 Palta • .34,60,199,839 Pallaloos, weapons of the Sand- wich islanders • • 500, Palmerston's island • - Sff Panama • • • 65 Pandora, wreck of • 475 Paramatta, town of « • 574 Patagonians -4, 855 , facility of repeating English words - - 86B PatHplan Hill visited byBuccaoeers 75 Pearl islands - - 65 Pecherhs of Terra del Faego - 388 Pelew islands - - 5fil Peoa Oradado . 189 Perico isUods ^ • • K Page Penguins • • • :i Perouse, de la, voyage of • 439 Petropaulowska, or St. Peter and St. PmuI .488,458»68t Philippine islands • • lu Phillips, lieutenant, escapes after the death of Captain Cook • 430 Phillpville, straits of Magellan S7U , horrid fate of the set- tlers ■ . ib. Phillip island . - 577 ' s. Sir R. island . . 59«» Pilsurt island . • sdfi Pisca • ' . .34 Pickersgill harbour . • .{39 Ptscadore islands • - tM> Pitt's island • 474 Pltcaim's Island . ' • uut Plata, La, river of . .3, 21)4 — — — ,lsloof - - 5y, 176 Plunder, arrangement of . 13ty < — from women - ► 1*5 ^— — - lost by delay • \ A48 Pola, isle of . . .465 Pomarrey, formerly Otoo > 4ti2, 570 — 's death . .592 ' submits to his son 580, 59» Poiieo • 4», S56, 26k ■— Mulgrave - - 435 — Jackson. - • 578, 5^5 Portlock and Dixon's voyage • 426 ' redch. t)ije Sandwich islands • - 427 North. West America - -.4,^ ————— Hssist the Mootka • • . 4.1% take WOOO sal- . 433 mon at once *8 seamen re- side with the natives reach China 434 438 285 167 Portland's isles Portuguese linguist — ^~— • subjection of, at Macao 449 Potosi, town of • > 313 Poulaho, king of the Friendly Islands - • .399 ' ■■, ceremonies towar..s • 401 — — , liberality of, to Captain Cook . . -408 Prince's island • • 41 __«_ of Wales's island • • 263 . Rupert's island 866 i y INDEX- CM • ;♦ • 439 and ,458,681 • lu ftfUr • 430 ID S7U iMt- • lb. •577 • £$)(> -m ' 34 - .MQ - yo - 474 ' - <.'U4 3, 2y4 > 50,116 ' 136 - 465 4a2, d7 re- • 434 ina 438 • 285 • 167 [«cao 449 . 313 indly . 399 • 401 plain • 408 . 4t .86s 866 Page Prince Willbm Henry's island - 271 .— ~ William's sound • 412 Priaoaers, disposed of - - lAH Priae, valuablr, Uken by the Buc caneers - 12$ Puerto Seguro - - 36, 161, ig6 Pockoo, a female dancer at Owhy* hee ... 51S Palo Condure - • Of, 485 — . Timoan - - -485 — — Toupoa - - - 866 r ulpic, a sailor, adventures of • 588 Puna island • 34, 6i Quadra, Seignor • • 408 Queen Charlotte's island -871 ■ islands . 880 . soubd 344. 360, 379, 398 Queen Oberea • • 275 ., h«r attention to Wallis - - - 276 __ — - visits the Dolphin 275 _ — i^'s grief at Wallis's departure • - • 270 , description of 332 different in rank ib. 's attenlion to Mr. Banks • • -333 — — ~— ~ visits the Budea vour « - • 335 ■ proper husband of 336 Quesrouan, country of Quibo, isle of Quiotero bay Religious rites at Owhyiiee Resolution island bay 323 - 70, 842 • 33 511 • 361 - 370 • 155 -57,71 Rewards for conrage Rio Leja Roberts, an English seaman in the Marquesas • 609 Roger's, MToodes, voyage -117 ■ crew mutiny II9 ■I officers detain- ed • - . • ib. I ■■■» discovers Sel> -127 ■ attacks Ouia* -137 >, courage of 142 ■ is wounded l62 • civilities to, at . 165 • 324 kirk quit Guam • • • Roggewein's voyage i. « ~- discovers Easter is lan4 • * • Pag* Roggewein is deserted by soMe of his crew ... 22f, — i steps at Recreation island ' . - 227 "— arrives at Java - 8«9 Rotumali, isle of • ' 56u Saavadra, Seignor Sallagua, attack upon Salsette island Salt island Samar island SafflaraBf Sanganoodha harbour Sandwich islands art 75 IB &8 »r> ♦78 415 Sanger island Santa Barbara • — — Christina — — Masia I Pecique, attack upon Sartille St. Jago, Cape Verde islands ' ■, river of — ; .capital of Chili bay St. Julian bay St. JohnV island 409,416,428,487, 495,509,587,610 13 370, storm near St. Diego St. George's bay • channei St. Lucia St. Sebastian Saunders, Sir Charles's, island Sava^.* !s*and ?avu tJs'..'d - • 3aypai t.Vtni* SclMKiinljk islands Scii'if<'>nbam, Admiral's, miscon tluct ■—■ ^— difs ib. Scliouteu's « ' attack Byron Scurl's island Sebald de Wert, isles of Segalien island Selkirk, Alexander, "bund ■ ■ ■ hia history Serpent, bite of, fat^^I Serrano, Don Jut^n Sliaik-t, sisp and voracity of Sham ticht at Owliylicn Sheenawa, an Aniericun chief 5(iB 521 201 7H 313 15 63 516 35 k.2l 88 90 5og 287 287 3 31 2JJt) 385 374 351 265 826 222 823 206 236 135 8»4 957 546 54 45S 127 188 154 II •♦.JO 497 438 64 INDEX. PMge Shelvock'a voyage - • 181 . .~, ill conduct of • 180 .. — meets • French •hip<«f- war - " - - 185 " ' ■ burns Taytm . • 18-— wrecked at Juan Fer- nandas - • - igo ' builds a small vessel - 191 is beat off by a Spaniard 19s 's crew sick - - 197 Sherborough river - » 5i Sihtn, bay of - - 88 Sierra Leone . - 2. 29, 31, 218 Silver unexpectedly found - 196 Sloth, account uf • • 156 Smith, an Englishmau of Owhyhee 497 Socora island • • 233 Solander island - 326, S32, 341, 353 Sondergrondt island • • 210 Sonsonnate road • • 194 Spain, New • - 35 Spilbergen's voyage • - 198 I defeats a Spanish squa. droQ - - - 202 ■ burns Payta . 203 • — — refreshes at Ac?piilco 204 proceeds to the Mo- . 206 , - 490 . 100 luccas Strawberry bay Sumatra Success and Speedwell privateers 171 Swan, Captain separate dismissed Swedes at Otaheite Sword tish strikes a ship Sydney, town of 172 60 85 536 S07 573 Taatucktellingnuke, an American chief - - - 433 Taiieterre, king of Whoahoo - 429 Taloo harboor - - 40? Tamaahmaali, king of Owhyhee - 495 — — 's grand present to Vancouver . - 496 Tamahama's progress in civiliza. tion - - . 587 Tamaahniootoo, drunken fit of 512 Tamnr, cape - . , 257 Tanna island - • - 376 Tapapaoo, or Tupapow, • 485, 553 Tarapaxa • - 23 Tatafee, king of Anamooka 473 Tavai PoeuHramoo • " 360 Tecames bay . . tbj Tegas, or Texas, province of • 313 Tenae, a chief of the Marquesas Ternate reception of Druke at PhgU - 17 « 41U •fi78 . 3«9 • 384 Terreooboo, king of Owhyhee Tf tua, Otoo's queen Thrumb-CMp island Tliule, southern Tianua, a chief of Owhyhee- 438, 487 , ill behaviour of - 498 Tiarraboo, peninsula of Otaheite 317 Tidore, orXiiridoie . - 13, 26 Tienhoven island . > aSQ Timor island • . loa, 476 Tinian island - . 245 , the Centurion driven fiom 247 , clearness of the sea- water at . - - .248 , Byron's account of -. 266 Tiookea, isle of - - 371 Tipoau, isle of • . ^66 Titeree, king of the leeward Sand- wich islands -. . 501 Tobago, island of . -66 Tomaco, river of - - 64 Tomohomoho, a chief of tho Sand- wich islands • . 502 Tuogatabuo, island of - . 364 , double canoes of - sOS ■■ , natives of - . S66 ■ , burial ceremonies of 556 , marriages in - - 558 Toofoa, isle of - - H\5 Toogahowe, a chief of Tongataboo 544 I'ootaha, or Tootaa, a chief of Otahpite - • 301, 332 Toubou, a chief of Anamooka -.197 Toubouai, isle of - ■ 4<^5 Toutous, lower classes in Cta heite - - .406 often sacrificed to the gods ib. Towha, a chief of Otaheite - 4ii() Townley, Captain - - 67 Traitor's ishind - . 213 Trcas'ue fleet ■ . ^Si Tres Marias islands • .79 Trevanion's island • . 286 Trial, sloop, cocidemned - iM Trytoo*boory, chief of Whoahoo 50* Tubora Tumaida, a chief of Ota- heite ... 331 Tupapow - - 485, 653 Tupia, priest of Otaheite - 338 attended by Tayota - ib. death of both at Batuvia - 353 Turnbull's voyage - - *70 ~— .. touciies at St. Salvador 571 —'s residence at Poi t Jack- soa 573 Turnboll** r island Turnball ton islaodt lands Uliete*, isle Uliete»nt* i ship Vrios, cape Valderas, vs Valentine's 1 Valparaiso Vanburgh, ^ '•'ancouver'! America of Messn #' 1 maahma -—■ J monies a — 1 Van Diemc Van Noorl Vavao, isl Veeson,mi of Verqulkki Veischooj Vi (?io, ca ' ivioria, Ian thai Vlieghen Wales, » ,P IVDEX. Page \ Turnbairt residence at Vorfolk island • • - 576 OUheite^ 5gO TarnbuU touches at the Sandwich islands • • 587 .. I Friendly is- lands • • * 59s Ulietea, isle of • 3S9, S63, 972 Uiieteans* attack on Turnbull's ship Urioa, cape and strait Valderas, valley of Valentine's bay Vklparaiso Vaoburgb, Mr. ''ancouver's voyage • 5B5 - 467 - 7^ • C80 45,518 • ISO •478 •481 '• examines North West America ... 403 • executes the murderers of Messrs. Hergest and Gooch 502 — i builds a vessel for Ta. maahma ■ ,. . 510 — joins in religious cere. monies at Owhyhee - - 511 returns by Cape Horn 516 Van Dieman's land • . 39I ■ native^ of - 480 Van Noort's voyage . 40 ■ squadron . - 41 encounters savages . 43 ■ • Spaniards - 47 Vavau, isle of • -467 Veeson, missionary, narrow escape of - • - - 595 Verquikking island • S«7 Veischoor bay - • 220 Vi fin, cape - . - ti "^ i.ioria, the only ship of Magel- lan that returned • * 15 Vlieghen island . • SlO Wales, Mr. . - ^79 — — , Prince of, cape > 4U Pace Wallis's voyage • . S67 ■■ ' a interview with Patagoni. ans • . •lb. • passes through the strata of Magellan . 80B — — 's discoveries . 870* <71, 880 ' strikes on • reea • • 873 ■ * a inteicoarse with the Otik halteans • ,871 ■ ■ ■ retarna to England • 8tl Walter, Rev. Mr., takes the helm 233 Wateeooa, island of - . 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