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 1 
 
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 A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 
 
 OP 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 ARTHUR HARVEY, 
 
 or riiE AUDIT orricE, Ottawa, 
 
 FELLOW OF THE STATISTICAL SOCIETV (loXI.OX, EXG.,) HONOHARY MESIBEK 
 OF THE LITERAUY AND niSTORlCAL SOCIETY OP QUEBEC, &C. &C. 
 
 Speech o/the Hon. A. T. Gait, tlien Minister of Finance. May, 1867. 
 
 GENERAL INI>EX. 
 
 I—DiscoveiT, Boun('arieg and Political History. 
 II.-Area— Pfijs.cal features, &o. ' 
 
 III.— Oliinato. 
 
 1 ^'-—Population— Emifrration. 
 ,}j— }}«;«.''"e-Exi,oiidit«re-PublieDebfc. 
 ,^^{— I uWio Works-Roads. 
 
 VII rn "'^"'e*/™™ British Columbia to Canada. 
 Vlll.-Crown Lands Regulations. 
 JX.— Agriculture. 
 X. — Timber. 
 XI. — Miuini;. 
 XII. — Kishenes. 
 XIII.-Trade— tho Tariff. 
 
 XIV.— Electric Telegraphs. 
 XV.— Militia and Naval Affairs. 
 XVI.— Currency. 
 XVII.— Banks. 
 XVIII.— Weights and Measures. 
 XIX. — Education. 
 XX.— Postal affairs. 
 XXI.— Patent Laws. 
 XXII.-Publio Officers. 
 XXIII. — Consuls. 
 
 XXIV.— Legal affairs— Registry Offices. 
 XXV.— Tile Medical Profession. 
 
 APPENDIX :-The mining laws of British Columbia. 
 
 PRINTED BY G. E. DESBARATS, OTTAWA. 
 1861 
 
TO 
 
 THE HONOEABLE ALEXANDER TILLOCn GALT, M. P. 
 
 FOK MANY YEAUS MINISTEU OF FINANCE OP CANADA, 
 
 AND AS SUCH THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTJIENT TO WHICH THE AUTHOK BELONGS, 
 
 THIS WORK IS BY PERMISSION RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY HIS MOST FAITHFUL AND OBEDIENT SERVANT, 
 
 ARTHUK HARVEY. 
 
 Rideau Street, Ottawa, November, 1867, 
 
 Entered, aooording to the Act of the FroTinsial Parliftmaat, injhe year one thouaand ei^lit hundrod aud sixt/- 
 MTen, by Abthdb Hartet, in the Office of the Registrar of the Frovince of Canada. 
 
P R 111 F A C E 
 
 This work is intended as a companion to The Year Book 
 of CamcJa for 1868, and for the facts it contains the author 
 is mainly indebted to Dr. J. H. Powell, of Victoria, Van- 
 couver's Island, who was at pains to nnswer at length many 
 minute enquiries and to collect from His Excellency the 
 Governor and many leading public men, numerous valuable 
 documents. 
 
 As The Year Booh for 1867 was the authoritv referred 
 to in the debate at New Westminster, which resulted in a 
 declaration in favor of union with Canada, so may this 
 work be useful at Ottawa during the debate on a resolution 
 to carry such a union into effect. 
 
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 (•* 
 
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1—1 I i 
 
 
 '•I 
 
 OC 
 
 A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 
 
 OP 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 I.— DISCOVERY, BOUNDARIES AND POLITICAL HISTORY. 
 
 Wc own the discovery of British Columlin to Sir Francip Drake, who as early as 1579, 
 in the roi^^n of Qiiccn Elizabeth, took posacstion of it on behalf of the Crown of England, 
 under the designation oi New Albion. 
 
 Little, however, was known of the country until the end of the Inst century, and it 
 was not until 1792, that Capt. flcorge Vancouv ir, of the Royal Navy, tviio was sent out to 
 regulate a disjjutc raised as to its sovereignty by a Sjianish navigator, to survey the coast 
 and prosecute a voyage of general maritime discovery, entered the Straits of Fuca, and 
 passed into tlic Ocean by a Northern passage. Ho having thus j)rovcd that what was 
 formerly thought to bo part of the continent was in reality an island, called it 
 " the Island of tjuadra and Vancouver "; the former part of tho name in couipUmcnt 
 to Senor (Quadra, tho iSpanish Commandant at Nootka. 
 
 All the land between the Russian possessions in the Jforth, the Spanish-Mexican 
 country to tho South, and the Rocky Mountains to the East, was long a disputed territory 
 between Great Britain and tho United States, being open to tho subjects of both powers 
 under the terms of the Convention of 1818. The Hudson's Bay Company which acquired 
 in 1838 a Royal License of exclusive trade for 21 years with tho natives on the North- West 
 Coast of America, took posscsrion in 1843 of certain lands in Vancouver's Island, and 
 erected a Fur Trading Post called Fokt Victohia. A British Settlement had indeed 
 been made at Nootka Sound about the year 1778, by some merchants who were 
 interested in the China trade, but the later settlement and devcloimient of tho country 
 may be fairly considered to date from the establishment of this Fort. 
 
 The disputes between the subjects of (iireat Britain and tho United States in the 
 North-West having become so acrimonious as to endanger tho rcla*ions between the 
 two countries, the boundary dispute was settled in 184(5 by tho Treaty of Washington, 
 which, like most treaties of the kind, was a compromise, neither party obtaining all 
 it claimed. * 
 
 The sovereignty to Vancouver's Island being by thi" treaty ceded to Great Britain, 
 Her Majesty in 1849 granted it to tho Hudson's Bay Com])any, but a regular Colonial 
 Government was set up under the governorship of Mr. Blanchard. f 
 
 A few years afterwards it also appeared desirable to provide for tho bettor govorn- 
 ment of the Mainland, commonly called New Caledonia, wnich had continued until then 
 under the management of tho Hudson's Bay Company. An Imperial Act for tho pur- 
 pose was accordingly pasaed in 1858, (21 and 22 Vie. cap. 99,) which gave to tho now 
 
 * For the text of this aad ail otlier boundary treatiei atTectios British North America, gee tha Year-Boolt of 
 Canadu. I8(i8. 
 
 t Conditions of the grant :— 
 
 I.— To have Tor ever the trown Laiids and Itlines Royal at a reatal of aeven shillings a year. 
 
 II.— To foind settlements in the Island for .') ycai-s or furfoit tho grant. 
 
 III. — To sell the lund for colonizatinn, except such a.s might bo rei|uire<l for public purposes. 
 
 IV.— To spend the proceeds of such sales (less 10 per cent, for trouble) on the coloniiatjou of the Island. 
 
 V. — To allow Reserves to fce made for Nuval purp<ise!i ; the Crown paying for the same. 
 
 VI. — To make a bienuial return of the number of dilnnistii and of the laads sold. 
 
 VII. — Tho Crown to resume on failure to fulfil tho said cunditions. 
 
 VIII.— liut without prejadjee to the dispositions nf the land made by the Company in the moaatimo for th« 
 actual purpose'." of col' 'Otiou and settlement. 
 
 IX.— The Crown have the liberty to repurchase the Island from the Companv at the expiration of their 
 exclusive license to traile with the Indians, i. c. in 18."<i), on re-paying the Company their expenses and tha value 
 of their cstiiblisliHieuta. 
 
 »\<^J^ 
 
o 
 
 Discovn'ff, Bound tries and PtiHticnl IIiHtori/. 
 
 f 
 
 Colony tho name of British Colnnibia — the Hiulsnn'F Buy Company's Liponso was 
 revoked — and tho K''vornincnt ciitrustod to Mr., now Sir Jaincs Dou>;las, K. C. B. At 
 first, tho Colony had no form of Rojiresentativo (loverninent, but laws wore made by 
 tho (joTcrnor'fl proclamation. Later, however, a LegiBlativo Council was ostubliabed, 
 as in most other Crown Colonieo. 
 
 80 matters continued until 18fi6, when iho Vancouver's Island Assembly passed a 
 llesolutioii asking the Queen to unite that Colony with British Columbia upon such 
 terms as Her Majesty might doom fit j in 18C0 tho noconBary Act* was frameu, and 
 tho Colonics are now united. 
 
 II.— AREA— PHYSICAL FEATURES, Ac. 
 
 The main land of Briti.ih Columbia is about 500 miles long, and from 250 to 400 
 miloa broad, containing about 280,000 square miles. Its physical conformation is 
 extremely irregular and broken up by high and rugged mountain ranges running 
 generally from north-west to south-east. Tiio ]irincipal of tlicso are : — The Cascade 
 range, bordering on the sea coast ; tho (rold Uango, to the westward of tho Columbia 
 River ; the Selkirk range, on tho Orcat Bend of that stream ; and the Rocky mountains, 
 tho eastern boundiiry of the Colonj'. 
 
 Tho Frasor River, 600 miles-in length, is Tho River of British Columbia. Rising in 
 tho Rocky mountains, it flows for 150 miles north -wostwardly, then turns abruptly and 
 runs duo south for nearly 400 miles until near the United States boundary, when it turns 
 at a right angle and cmj)tios iLself into tho Straits of Georgia. It receives as tributaries 
 the Boar, the Chilootin, the Thompson, the Lillooet and many other rivers. 
 
 Tiio magnificent Columbia also rises in British Territory. It, too, flows north-west- 
 ward for 150 miles, then due south for 250 more, when, loss loyal than the Frasor, it 
 cros.oes tho boundary and finishes its coui-so of 1000 miles in tho United States. 
 
 Besides tho valley of tho lower Fraser and the fine valley of tho Chilcotin, tho bulk 
 of tho land available for agricultural or pastural purposes is probably situated on tho 
 higli ])l!iteau between tho Cascades and tho foot of tho western slopes of the Rocky moun- 
 tains, but owing to the broken character of its surface and the heavy growth of forest 
 trees and umlorbru.sh tho task of exploration is diifioult and tho Chief Commissioner of 
 
 * An Aot for the Union of tho Colony of Vancouver Island with the Colony of British Columbia. 
 
 (29 k ;0 Vic. cap. 07.) [0/A Avuunl, 1866.] 
 
 BE it onaoto<l jj- tho Qneen's most Exeellont Mnjoaty, hy and with tho Advioo and ConsDiit of tho I<ord9 
 Spiritual autl Tein|>oral, and Commune, iii this pi-esent Parliament assembled, ami by the Authority of the 
 sauiu, UH follow.s : 
 
 1. This Aet mav Iw cit'id o» The nritiah tViimhin Act, ISfifi. 
 
 2. In tliis Aot tlio Torin " Governor " moans any Officer for tho Timo being lawfully administering <,he 
 Government. 
 
 8. From and iminuiliiitely after tlie Prfx'lamntion of this Actbv tho Governor of British ('ihimhin, the Colony 
 of Vitifutif^v hl'Viil sliull Iju and tl^e .^anic is 1u:ri'by imito<l witli tlio Colony of liritinh dolinn'tin. and tlieiicefortn 
 thoiiB T«o CoIoDios siiall form autl U) One Colony, with Vhc Xame of /<r»(»»V Columbia (which Union is in this, 
 Aot referrud to as tlie Un' in. 
 
 4. On the ITnion taknife- eflfoot, tlie Form of Gnvornmont existing in ranwHrer /.i/fw>'? as a sopamto Colony 
 shall cense, and tho Power and Authority of tho Exo^utive Government and of the Le.?i9latur' oxistinjtin liritiji/i 
 Colitnilnn rtlmll extend t*> and over Vitnnouvi-r iMl^tml ; but in order timt Provision may bo \\\i de tor the Kopre- 
 sontation of Vaiiroiirrr Tslnml in the Lof^islaturo of ijri7i«/i Culuinhhi af'or the Union, tiio tnaximnm Numlwr of 
 Councilior.s in tlie Iji^fi^ialntive Conneii of British i'nliimbin after the Union sliall, until it is otlierwiso provided by 
 lawful Antliority, lie Twonty-tlireo instead of Fifteen. 
 
 ,'5. After and "notwithstandinR the Ifnion the Laws in force in tho separate Colonies of TJciVwA Columln't a,ni 
 KditTOHivr /i/ihk/ reapojtively at tho Timo of tlio Union takinn effect shall, until it Is otlierwi.se provided by 
 lawful Authority, remain in fort-a as if this Act had not bom jiassed or proclaimed ; save only that the Laws 
 I'elauve to tl.o Revenue of Customs in force in finVi/iA <W«Hrfci't at the Time of the Union taking oBoet shall, 
 until it is otherwise provided by lawfu'. Authority, extend and apply t<j Vaiicounrr Inland ; and, until it is 
 otherwi.se provided by lawful Authority, tlie Governor of Britiah Colnmhia shall have, in relation to tho Territory 
 for tho Time being under his Governinont, all tho Powers and Authorities for tho Time iieing vested, in rotation 
 to the Uniteil Kingdom, in the Commissioners of Hor Majesty's Treasury or in the Commissioners of Customs, 
 with respect to tlie Appointment of Warehousing Ports, and the Approval and Appoiutmont of Wai-ohouses or 
 Places of Security in such Ports, and everything consequent thereon or relative thereto. 
 
 6. Nothing in this Act shall take away or restrict tlio Authority of the Governor of BriViVA CoJionWa, with 
 the advico and Consent of the lAigislative Council thereof, to make I.iaws for the Peai'o. Order, and goi)d Qovern- 
 ment of /JriVw/i t'olMffi/j/n cither before or after the Union ; nor shall anything in this Act inteifore with the 
 Exorcise of any Power that would have been exerciseable l)y Her Majesty in Council if this Aet hod not been 
 passed. 
 
 7. Until tlie Union nrifiih CoTumhia ftliall comprise all such TDrritorios within the Dominions of Her 
 Majesty as are I»uiu1imI to the South by thn Territories of the United Stotes of Ammcrt, to the West by the 
 Piirili': Ih-Ktn and tho Frontier of the liiiniinii Tcn'itories in Nnrlh Aimrin'i, to the North by the Sixtieth 
 Parallel of North Latitude, and to the East from the Boundarv of tho Vnifi'il Stntcs Northwards by the Ko'-ky 
 Mimnt<niis and tlie One humlrwl and twentieth Meridian of West Longitude, and shall include l/ici^ii Chiirtnllt'a 
 IhIiiiiiI and all other Islands udjaceut to the said territories, except Vanoouvor Island and the Islands adjacent 
 tlieroto. 
 
 5. After tho XTnion Briliah Cnhimbin shall comprise nil the Territories and Islands aforesaid and Vaneouter 
 Isliinil M\A the Islands adjacent thereto. 
 
 9. The Acts described in the Sehodulo to this Aot are hereby repealed ; but this Repeal shall not invalidate 
 any Order in Co\ineil or other Instruments is.sued under the Authority of those Acts or either of them, or any 
 Aot done or Riglit or Title aeiiuired by virtue of those Acts or either of them or of any such Order or Instrument. 
 
 I r 
 
Area, Physical Features, &c. 
 
 Land.i and Works rij)orts that " by far the greater part of the Colony Is in tuct entirely 
 
 uue.xiilored." 
 
 V<inci>uver'» Inland is oOO miles lon>? and from 25 to 50 miles broad, havinff an area 
 (if 11,872 square miles. With the exception of a bolt of land not CiCLedinK 10 miles in 
 wi<ltli and running fro.n Sooke harbor some distance inland, the whole of the island is 
 ru!j;god and mountainous — small patches in the valleys only being suitable for agricrl- 
 tiiru. There are no navigable rivers, but inlets and arms of the '(ca penetrate it in aln:' st 
 every direction and to some extent supply their place. The whole of the island is dens ily 
 covered with forests, chiefly of pine, and here as on the mainland this has ^)revented 
 exploration, so that comparatively few persons have ever penetrated the interior. 
 
 The Area of both parts of the Colony together is therefore : — 
 
 The iMainland 280,000 square miles, or 179,200,000 acres. 
 
 Vancouver's Island... 11,872 " " 7,598,215 " 
 
 291,872 
 
 18«,798,215 
 
 III.— CLIMATE. 
 
 There is probably more diversity of climate in British Columbia than in any other 
 
 i colony in British America. 
 
 I Viinvouver'a Inland constitutes, as may be expected from its insular position, a 
 
 separate climatological province. A series of observations more extended than wo yet 
 
 • possess is necessary before the climate can be accurately defined, especially as severe 
 und exceptional seasons occur at irregular intervals, but enough is known to enable its 
 {,'cnei'al cliaracter to be thus written : — "A dry warm summer; a bright and beautiful 
 luitumn ; an oj>cn, wet, winter and spring." The following are the mean temperatures 
 if tiie several months at Victoria j also the highest and lowest readings of the thermo- 
 raeter : 
 
 Mean of 1860 & 
 i 1861, on land.. 
 ' Mean on ship- 
 
 . board 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apl. 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 July. Aug. 
 
 Sep. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. Dec. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 1 
 
 39.1 
 
 41.6 
 
 44.7 
 
 47.2 
 
 51.9 
 
 58.1 
 
 60.1 
 
 61.6 
 
 b 
 
 51.1 
 
 42.8 
 
 38.7 
 
 41.5 
 
 43.0 
 
 48.0 
 
 51.0 
 
 58.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 55.5 
 
 54.5 
 
 58.5 
 
 54.5 
 
 48.5 
 
 40.0 
 
 The highest and lowest temperatures of the months are as follows : 
 
 Highest. 
 Lowest.. 
 
 50.0'58.0j 60.0 
 21.0 26.0 27.0 
 
 69.0 
 35.0 
 
 79.0 
 39.0 
 
 84.0 ! 82.0 
 47.0 i 52.0 
 
 79.0 74.0 70.0 
 53.0 ,45.0 33.0 
 
 53.0 
 32.0 
 
 46.0 
 14.5 
 
 Year. 
 
 o 
 49.5 
 50.9 
 
 84.0 
 14.5 
 
 There are on the average 200 clear fine days, 96 cloudy ones, 61 on which rain and 
 ' 17 on which snow falls. 
 
 j These figures arc sufficient to shew that the tcmi^erature of the island is not unlike 
 
 I that of the south-west of England. 
 
 On the ninin land, the meteorological observations vary much in different parts, 
 partly owing to the different altitudes of different 8ettlemt;»:ts, but principally to the 
 influence of the mountain ranges. 
 
 The following is an abstract of the meteorological observations iaken at the Govern- 
 ment House, * New Westminster, B. C, during the year 1865 : — 
 
 LATITUDE 49° 12' 47" N. LONGITUDE 122° 53' 19" W. 
 
 Highest reading of the Bar. corrected for Tcmp'ture... 30.589 on the 3rd February, 
 The mean height " " at 9.30 A. M. 29.975 
 
 " " at 3.30 P. M. 29.963 
 
 The lowest " " was 29.137 on the 19th February. 
 
 * The Cistern of the Barometor is about 34 feet above the level of the sea. All the observations were made at 
 9.30 A. M. and 3.30 V. M. daily, throughout the year. 
 
8 
 
 Clim'tte. 
 
 Maximum Tomporaturo in Sun'8 Rnyg (Dlaclt Bulb),.. 108.5 
 
 i« 
 
 « 
 « <i 
 
 Minimum 
 it 
 
 Moan 
 
 M 
 11 
 
 « 
 
 of Ail in shadn, 
 
 « 
 (I 
 <« 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 87.5 
 
 at O.-^O A. 
 
 M. 
 
 78.7 
 
 at 3.30 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 84.5 
 
 at 9.30 A. 
 
 M. 
 
 47.6 
 
 a, 3.30 V. 
 
 M. 
 
 51.9 
 
 at 9.30 A. 
 
 M. 
 
 15.0 
 
 at 3.30 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 16.7 
 1.8 
 
 on tho 4th August, 
 on tho 29th July, 
 on tho 3r(l August, 
 on tho 3rd August. 
 
 on tho grass, 
 
 Greatest amount of Humidity 1.000 
 
 Mean " " at 9..30 A. M. .822 
 
 " " at 3.30 P. M. .740 
 
 Least " " 270 
 
 Table showing tho depth of rain, tho number of days on which 
 (9.30 A. M. and 3.30 P. M.), mean teui|)eraturo of air i 
 tomporaturo on tho grass, in each month 
 
 on tho 8th February, 
 on tlio IHth Rocenibor. 
 on tho 18tii Docembor. 
 
 on the 12th December, 
 it fell, the mean himiidity 
 n hhade, and the lowest 
 
 Months. 
 
 llain. 
 
 Thermometer. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Days. 
 
 Humidity. 
 
 9..30 A. M. 
 
 3..30P. M. iMin. on grass 
 
 January 
 
 4.07 
 3.34 
 2.43 
 1.99 
 2.22 
 1.83 
 1.55 
 1.70 
 4.73 
 3.26 
 8.68 
 5.04 
 
 17 
 17 
 20 
 10 
 13 
 11 
 6 
 12 
 23 
 10 
 24 
 19 
 
 869 
 
 869 
 817 
 714 
 787 
 752 
 734 
 795 
 875 
 892 
 950 
 810 
 
 33.9 
 .34.4 
 35.3 
 46.4 
 53.0 
 58.9 
 65.7 
 63.8 
 65.1 
 51.5 
 44.4 
 29.4 
 
 36.4 
 39.5 
 38.9 
 51.8 
 59.5 
 63.7 
 70.9 
 69.8 
 58.5 
 55.7 
 46.7 
 31.6 
 
 24 9 
 
 February 
 
 24 1 
 
 March 
 
 25 4 
 
 April 
 
 31 7 
 
 May 
 
 41 6 
 
 Juno 
 
 4;; 
 
 July 
 
 4f' 9 
 
 August 
 
 Soptembor 
 
 October 
 
 47.2 
 44.8 
 40 5 
 
 Novembe • 
 
 36 3 
 
 Docombor 
 
 21 6 
 
 
 
 
 40.84 
 
 182 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 Tho following is a comparison of mean results for four years. 
 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Mean 
 
 Temp. 
 
 Mean 
 on 
 
 Humidity. 
 
 Moan height of Uar. 
 
 Years. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 I^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ?3 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 .«5 
 
 fh 
 
 
 < 
 
 IX, 
 
 < 
 
 fw 
 
 
 .£3 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 grass. 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ei 
 
 CO 
 
 M 
 
 
 Ci 
 
 PS 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 
 M 
 
 P) 
 
 OS 
 
 54.0 
 
 
 9> 
 
 eo 
 
 a> 
 
 e<5 
 
 1860 
 
 54.420 
 
 151 
 
 49.9 
 
 15.5 
 
 .847 
 
 .766 
 
 29.942 
 
 29.919 
 
 1861 
 
 60.485 
 
 164 
 
 48.8 
 
 52.2 
 
 10.0 
 
 .764 
 
 .8.-. t 
 
 29.943 
 
 29.889 
 
 1862 
 
 47.466 
 
 1.34 
 
 46.8 
 
 51.2 
 
 15.0 bcldw 
 
 .842 
 
 .772 
 
 29.983 
 
 29.963 
 
 1863 
 
 40.840 
 
 182 
 
 47.6 
 
 51.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 .822 
 
 .740 
 
 29.975 
 
 29.963 
 
 The day on which most rain fell and which measured 1.64, was on tho 28th Nov. 
 The prevailing direction of winds during rain, was E. N. E. 
 
 The following notes respecting the weather at various loc.T.lities are interesting : — 
 
 " To the irctit of the Cuneude linnijc the climate is genial and moderate, though rather 
 humid; the summer beautiful with some rainy days; tho autumn bright and line; tho 
 winter frosty and rainy by turns ; and the spring very wet. 
 
 "The winter of 1859 was very uiilil, tho frost came Xovcmhor 10th, then went away ; 
 snow in December 1860 ; January, February, March, were mild and dai ;p, April and 
 May fine days, but a good deiil of ruin fell ; June, July, August, and September were 
 vei ne, October rainy, Novonihor iind Uecouiber fine winter weather. 
 
 • In 1861 ; January was wet and frosty ; February very wet, rain fell on 18 days out 
 of the 29 ; March and April also wet ; May line daj-s, but a good deal of rain ; June, 
 July, August, September, very fine, with a little rain. October, line, snow appeared 
 
Climate. 
 
 9 
 
 upon tho mountains in November, and until ohortly before Chrlntma*. the weather waa 
 
 Rood. A littlo be' I'j C'hr'xtinuH tliere wim hiinl frost incrcuHiu)? in iiitunnity tillJaniiary 
 Utli )8(J2, wlifii til. Kivor froze over oiijioHito New WcHtininxtcr, rtMiiiiiniiii? so till the 
 cnrly part of March. Tlio ininiiiium t«'iii|i('riiturt Wtt« lOj' bolow Zero. iSuoli a winter 
 has not boon known in tli(! country for l.'l yciirn, 
 
 " At Liltotiit, in 185l>, winter began on thf 7th November, and continued till the 
 midilb! of Mari'li. 
 
 " In IHOO winter commenced on tho 7th Docombor, and lasted till tho end of February. 
 There were three or four days of severe eold with wind from tho N., and tho thermo- 
 meter fell to Zero. There was a long spell of bright clear frosty weather witli an ocoa- 
 aional thaw ; little snow fell. 
 
 " In IH()I, the severest winter known for 20 years began ^m tho 27th of November, 
 and may be said to have lasted till the end (d' Mareh, nlthoiigh tho River did not break 
 up till April 15th. The thermometer attained ii minimum of 2.3' below Zero. Thoro 
 were 10 weeks of continued frost, when tiie thermometer freciuently got below Zero in 
 the evenings and mornings. Hut the weather was always ;dear I'ud sunny. Tho snow 
 was at one time 12 inches deep, but at other places in this suction of country there were 
 last winter 2 fuot of snow, a depth however very unusual. Notwithstan<ling tliis, n'.ost 
 of tho stock, left to winter out and find their own f(i(/d as best they might, survived. 
 
 " The winter of 18(i2-.'5 was extremely mild, with tho exception of two or three day. 
 in November, and ton days of severe col<l in February. 
 
 " .lanuary and February aro usually cold months, March and April variable — 
 tho plains begin to bo clothed with verdure. May to October, and sometimes Novcnibor, 
 line, clear, \\ arm weather ; in the last two months tho evenings are frosty. December 
 is cold anil wintry. In summer, on the other hand, tho mercury sometimes shows 100' 
 in tho shade. 
 
 " In this section of country little rain falls. More rain fell in 18(52 than in 1861, more 
 again in 18()1 than in 1800. 
 
 " In the OkaiKK/an di&tricl there is a groat supply of rain ; at WilHiDni Lake a sutTiciont 
 quantity. At the latter place tho winters aro move severe than at Lillooet, the thermo- 
 meter sometimes ranging as low as 40 ^ below Zero ; yet the weather is clear, and without 
 wind : and in tho experience of those accustomed to eold climates, any cold is bearable 
 and even enjoyable, so long as tho sun comes out during the duy and the winds are still. 
 
 " At Alexiindria and Qutinel mouth, snow appears in the end of November, and lies to 
 a depth of 18 inches for throe or four months ; Jun',:;>rv is tho coldest, August the hottest, 
 June tho rainiest, August, September and October tho driest months in tho year. 
 
 " The eliintiteof Cariboo is severe ; there tho winters aro long, lasting from November 
 till tho end (d' April j yet tho weir ' er is usually clear and calm, snow falls jirineipally 
 in January or p'obru;iry, sometimes to a depth of from 7 to 10 feet, so that snow shoca 
 aro used for winter travelling." 
 
 Too much can hardly be said of tho salubrity of tho climate both on tho mainland 
 and the island. No endemic disease is known in British Columbia, and no imported 
 epidemics have prevailed to any serious extent. 
 
 <s from 5000 to 7000, 
 considerable and in- 
 
 r/.— POPULATION— EMIGRATION. 
 
 No census of British Columbia has yet been taken. 
 
 Tho ])oi)ulation of Vancouver's island, exclusive of native.' 
 composed of representatives of nearly yvery nationality, with 
 creasing population of the colored races and Chinese. 
 
 Tho native population is estimated at 18,000, generally in a degraded state, value- 
 less in tho labor market. 
 
 Tho population of tho mainland may number 10,000 whites and Chinese, and 
 perhaps 83 many Indians. 
 
 Total say 15 to 20,000 whites and Chinese and 30 to 40,000 natives. 
 
 This poj)ulation is very fluctuating, being much larger in summer, when tho alluvial 
 gold can be«t bo obtained, than in winter, wlii;n tho miners leave tho mainland for the 
 island and the cities ot California. The white population engaged in ])rospecting was 
 much greater a few years ago than now; settlors aro however steadily increasing in 
 number. 
 
 No jjrovision for introducing emigrants has yet been made by tho Government 
 although tho select committee of the Legislative Council, in 18(55, recommended tho 
 ap])ropriation of .^lOjOOO for the piiri)oso of encouraging emigration — a certain proportion 
 of tiie passage money from Kurope to be paid, and tree grants of lands to bo made. 
 The classes most likely to succeeil in tho settlement wore said to be : — 
 
 1. Experienced unmarried Female Domestic Servants, between 18 and 35 years of 
 
10 
 
 Popuhtion — Emigritton. 
 
 li I 
 
 age, of good moral character, seiuctod from agricultural districts, sot from manufac- 
 turing towns ; 
 
 2. Married Agricultural Laborers with their wives and children. 
 
 3. Single Agricultural Laborers under 'lO years of ago. 
 
 4. Single females under 35 years of age. 
 
 v.— REVENUE— EXPENDITURE— PUBLIC DEBT. 
 
 Younr^ countries called upon to provide roads and works for the welfare of a sudden 
 influx of miners and a rapidly in reasing population must of course expend large sums of 
 monoy in permanent improvu:nents. This will account for the rapid increase on both 
 sides of the following statement, and the magnitude of its figures in cor"parison with the 
 population. It shswa the Revenue, excluding loans, and Expenditure, excluding re- 
 demption of debt, of British Columbia and Vancouver's Island, while separate colonics : 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 
 Years. 
 
 B. Columbia. 
 
 V. Island. 
 
 Total. 
 
 B. Columbia, i V. Ldand. Total. 
 
 1 
 
 1859 
 
 
 73,390 
 109,250 
 151,705 
 112,490 
 151,776 
 174,335 
 279.115 
 
 73,390 
 375,885 ' 
 443,685 ■ 
 555,475 
 706,165 
 694,830 
 859,645 
 
 2.35,885 
 
 349,750 
 697,030 
 7.^7,99C 
 567,755 
 676,810 
 
 63,615 
 114,6(0 
 144,120 
 152,805 
 162,410 
 324,090 
 351,300 
 
 63.615 
 
 1860 
 1861 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 
 200,635 
 291,980 
 412,985 
 554,.390 
 620,495 
 580,530 
 
 350,555 
 493,870 
 849,835 
 900,400 
 891,846 
 1,028,110 
 
 The year 1866 was one of transition — the two Colonics being in process of union. 
 It appears, however, that the exjjcndituro (less redemption) of the two Colonies 
 
 together in that year was $931,996, an<l the grant for 1867 is as follows for the Contin- 
 gent Service : ,Salarica ond Alionanceg. 
 
 The liovcruor $2,535 
 
 " Legislative Council 1,200 
 
 " Colonial Secretary 9,860 
 
 " Troas lor 4,820 
 
 " Assuy and Refining Office 3,950 
 
 " Auditor Genoral 5,250 
 
 •' Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works 6,310 
 
 " Customs 11,222 
 
 " Registrar General 2,290 
 
 Habour Master 1,800 
 
 Post Office 3,420 
 
 Judicial Establishment 11,695 
 
 Polieo and Gaol.i . 19,211 
 
 Gold Commissioners cnvl Stipendiary Magistrates 43,549 
 
 For Services cxclunive of Eitubliihments. 127,112 
 
 Pensions $3,395 
 
 Rcveniic Service ■ 600 
 
 Administration of Justice 7,800 
 
 Charital)lc Allowances 9,.')00 
 
 Education 10,000 
 
 Police an'' Gaols 14,9(,0 
 
 Rent 800 
 
 Transport 7,260 
 
 Conveyance of Mai's 52,820 
 
 Works and Buildings 11,400 
 
 Roads, Streets and Bridges 45,000 
 
 Miscellaneous Services 5,612 
 
 Interest* 31,240 
 
 Drawback an<i refund of Duties 600 
 
 Redemption of Bonds 42,125 
 
 Sinking Fund 5,820 
 
 Tcmjiorary Loans 170,000 
 
 Government Vessels 10, 67'* 
 
 Light Houses 10,000 
 
 4,19,540 
 
 Total $666,658 
 
 * The wliolu iutoruBt on the Publio Debt must be nearly three tiniea this amount.— Eu. 
 
1 manufao- 
 
 of a sudden 
 rge sums of 
 .80 on both 
 !on with the 
 eluding re- 
 ! colonies : 
 
 Total. 
 
 «:],615 
 350,555 
 493,870 
 849,835 
 900,400 
 891,846 
 1,028,110 
 
 8 of union. 
 TO Colonies 
 the Contin- 
 
 ',112 
 
 ,540 
 ,058 
 
 .1 
 
 Revenue — Expetiditvfc — Public Deht. 
 
 11 
 
 The following is the estitriatod revenue for 1866, nn<; the actual revenue for 1864 ; 
 
 the latest figures that can be given : 
 
 Customs 
 
 Port and Harbour Dues 
 
 Roads' Tolls 
 
 Excise Duties 
 
 Land Sales 
 
 Land Revenue 
 
 Rents, excUisivo of Land 
 
 Free Miners' Certificates 
 
 Mining lloccints, General 
 
 Licenses 
 
 Postage 
 
 Fines, Forfeitures, and FvCS of Court 
 
 Fees of Oflico 
 
 Sale of (government Property. 
 
 Reimbursement in aid of Expenses incurred by Government, 
 Miscellaneous Receipts 
 
 Total Revenue i 
 
 Estimate 
 
 for 1800. 
 
 $320,650 00 
 37,150 00 
 95,000 
 
 1,500 
 15,500 
 
 6,000 
 
 3,000 
 26,750 
 26,750 
 40,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 7,250 
 
 6,500 
 
 1 ,000 
 
 2,990 
 800 
 
 00 
 00 
 CO 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 Revenue of 
 1864. 
 
 $232,839 59 
 
 29,918 27 
 
 121,423 81 
 
 1,523 .38 
 
 19,271 59 
 
 2,333 £8 
 
 1,768 37 
 
 17,169 00 
 
 29,651 02 
 
 29,147 29 
 
 5,550 79 
 
 0,999 17 
 
 8,065 27 
 
 607 90 
 
 1,575 02 
 
 752 19 
 
 698,840 00 
 
 I 
 
 608,596 24 
 
 The Public Debt of the two Colonies was as under in the several years mentioned : — 
 
 1860 
 
 British Columbia...! $26,000 
 Vancouver's Island' 4,440 
 
 $30,440 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 1833 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 $36,365 
 4,400 
 
 $458,650 $610,000 $820,800 ; $l,lS9.H;iO 
 25,200 200,000 200,000 200,000 
 
 $40,765 
 
 $483,850 i $810,000 '$1,020,800 ' $1,389,830 
 
 We hnvo no statement of the increase of Debt since the Union, 
 about $1,500,000. 
 
 It is now probably 
 
 VI.— PUBLIC WORKS— ROADS. 
 
 The Government of British Columbia owns nil the public buildings on tlio mainland 
 and the island, the dredges for the river channel ($100, UO(t), the light-ship oil' the 
 Fraser, the light-houses, and the public roads, which are in length — 
 
 Waggon roads 660j miles, 
 
 Pack-horse trails..... 375 " 
 
 Under the energetic government of Sir James Douglas, who perceived the necessity 
 of makinj; the g(dd regions (.(" the interior accct^sible from the coast, a tine system of 
 wiiggon roads was (levised ard ca''ried out by the aid of British cppital. In view of 
 the probable union of British Columbia with Canada, '.vhon an intercolonial line must 
 be at once built, a description of the main line of road will not be out of jilaeo : — 
 
 The Trunk Waggon road from Yale, at the head of the navigdt'on on the lower 
 Fraser, to the heart of the Cariboo mining district, is 378 miles lonjr. not inctluding a 
 branch of 107 miles from Clinton by way (.i' Lillooet to Douglas. Till- mad was opened 
 throughout for wnggi>n tratlic in 1864. Some idea of the value of tlii.s work may bo 
 found from the fact tliat while in 1863 the freight from Yale to Camoron-tcnvn cost 60 
 conts, and in 1864 30 cents ^jcc po\ind, it fell in 1866 to 15 cents, sa that the building of 
 the road immediately reduced the cost of living at Cariboo one half. This line pierces 
 the Ci'scado mountains, which are 'ho great barrier between iho sea and the interior, 
 and as might be expected, /••oat cuginoerin,; diOieuUies had to be overcome in its coii- 
 striiction. In the entire line, there are, in length varying from "00 yards to a mile, 
 some 25 miles of incline of 1 in 12 ; of which 8 miles are nf I in 10, ..nd 2 miles of 1 in 
 8. These gradients are heavy, but rendered easier by the chariicter of the road, which 
 is well ditched and is covered throughout with broken stone or gravel. The bridges 
 ,ind culverts ar'> substantially built of timber. The average loads hauled on this 
 road are from 1,200 to 1,300 lbs. each animal, which shews Low well it must be built. 
 
12 
 
 Public Works — Roach. 
 
 i 
 
 I ! 
 
 From Yale to Bopfon Har, 25 niilos, tho road follows thronj^h a canon of aiirpag- 
 sing graTiddur the (•oursc of the Frascr river, which it crosse., by an iron wiro Huapon- 
 sion bridge of I'OO feot cjiari. itlont of this scctiou of tho road has cither been blasted 
 out of the granite cliffs which rise almost porpondioiilarly many hundreds of feot abovo 
 the river, or is carried along tho face of tlioso bluffs upon wooden galleries, or is 
 btJilt uj) on the masses of rock which form a rough slope near tho water's edge. 
 
 Above Boston Bar the road continues to Lytton, 'M miles, along stoop slopes on tho 
 bank of the P'rascr, or norops the level bcn'-hes which form their summits ; thcnao, 23 
 miles up the Thompson river, over heavy rolling country to tho Thoni])son bridge, 600 
 feet long. The next thirteen miles are on tho right bank of tho Thompson, whoio thoro 
 arc three dillicult bluff's re juiring blasting, and after a gentle ascent of 2 milis more, 
 tho high plateau of t!ie interior is gained. The Cascades tiius fairly pasHod.. tho rest 
 of tho way to Cariboo was comj)aratively easy of construction. 
 
 VII.— THE R0UTE3 FIIO.AI BRITISH COLUMBIA TO CANADA. 
 
 In 1864, the mining district of Kootcnay and tho diggings on Fremh crook and 
 other tribu'aries to the Columbia — all near tho western base of the Rocky Mountains 
 and not far from the United States boundarj' — bojamc so fur developed as to rcijuiro 
 that communication with theui should bo opened tlirough British ti-n-itory. iSurvcys 
 wore accordingly mado and a pass was discovered by Mr. Mol-orly, tho Assistant Sur- 
 veyor General, from (rrcat Shuswap Lake, at its south-eastern exti'omity, to tho Columbia 
 River, at a jtoint two miles below the Little Dalles raj)ids. Tliis ])ass now known as 
 Eagle i)ass is only 407 feet above the level of Shuswap lake, which is 127 feet b:)low tho 
 level of tlio Columbia at the mouth of the pass — tho distance tlirough being 32 miles. 
 
 " For some distance near its summit " — tho Surviiyor General re])orts — '' this pass is 
 walled in on each side by abrupt cliffs and is not tlicrcforo available for the construc- 
 tion of a chca)> ti-ail, btit for a waggon road or railroad it is most applicable, and its 
 discovery may bo regarded as of great value, f'>r by tho pass it may bo conlidently 
 hoped will one day be brought a lino of communication, by waggon road first and 
 afterwards by railroad from the British {)Ossessions on tho Saskatchoivan, asross tho 
 Rocky mountains into the central portions of British Columbia and down tho valley of 
 tho Fraser River to the sea. 
 
 " It has long been known that tho Rocky Mouni-ains can be crossed ivithout groat 
 difficulty by wiigg(m or railroad, as was confirmed by tho reports of the exjilorations 
 of Capt. Palliser and his assistants in 1860 ; but tho Groat Range west of tho Columbia 
 river was supposed, jirovious to Mr. Moberly's discovery, to bo an unbroken and im- 
 passable wall of mountains." 
 
 It is proper to state hero that a more northern route for tho Grand Intercolonial 
 road has its wa'-ln advocates, and tho following momorandumhas boon proparod by one 
 of them : — 
 
 " Tho urgency of a direct communication between Canada and tho Pacific, tlirough 
 British Territory, is becoming every day nioro and more evident. In a political point of 
 view, and as a natural consoquonco of the Union, it would contribute essentially to its 
 prosperity. For so long as there is no Overland route, the connexion of Canada with 
 British Columbia inu.st remain a myth, and the Rod Rivor Settlement continue isolated, 
 instead of becoming a valuable annex to the T^nion. At jiresont England has no 
 postal conimunieation with the I'acillc but by New Y-n-k and San Francisco ; and in 
 ease of war with tho United States, the only possible postal line would bo through hor 
 own territory across the Rockj' Mountains ; whereas by ojiening an Overland commu- 
 nication immodiately, a mail service would be established forthwith, not only to British 
 Columbia and Vancouver Island, but before long to Australia and Asia. In the United 
 States the Central Pacific Railroad passes cor a vast tract of country destitute of wood 
 and water, yet in spite jf this drawback, it is progressing rapidly, and tho time is not 
 far distant when it will be opened. Passengers, mails, and the lighter, costlier kinds 
 of goods will pass over it ; it is calculated to divert a great part of tho trade of China 
 and Japan from tho old to the new world, and if wo do not wako up, wo shall lose an 
 important traflie, which miglit easily jiass over our own territory, and which from 
 our position ought naturally to belong to us. 
 
 " Tho cost of an Overland Railroad, with a singlo lino of rails, from Ottawa to the 
 Pacific, may bo somewhat roughly calculated as follows : 
 
 Distance from Ottawa to Fort Garry l.l.'iO miles. 
 
 From Fort Garry to .Jasper's House, (foot of Rocky Mountains) 
 
 level plain 1,050 " 
 
 From Jasper's llouso to tho hoad of Bute Inlet 4.'50 " 
 
 2,6a0 miles. 
 2,630 mikjs at $30,000 per rule = $78,900,000. 
 
i of siirpas- 
 riro suspon- 
 joun blasted 
 if foot abovo 
 orios, or is 
 
 I'^O. 
 
 lopos on tho 
 ; thcnao, 23 
 bridge, 600 
 wluno tlioro 
 mil !3 moro, 
 id. tho rest 
 
 DA. 
 
 1 crook and 
 (T Mountains 
 s to reiiuiro 
 ■y. Surveys 
 sistant Sur- 
 ho Columbia 
 IV known as 
 set balow tho 
 ; 32 miles. 
 •' this pass is 
 he construc- 
 blo, and its 
 I conlidcntly 
 ad first and 
 , a3ross tho 
 tho valley of 
 
 ithout groat 
 ox])lorntions 
 ho Columbia 
 on and im- 
 
 ntoreolonial 
 [)arod by one 
 
 lilic, through 
 ieivl point of 
 ntially to its 
 anada with 
 luc isolated, 
 uiid has no 
 isKO ; and in 
 through hor 
 Ind commu- 
 ly to British 
 
 the United 
 ;uto of wood 
 time is not 
 )8tlior kinds 
 lo of China 
 [hall lose an 
 
 rhioh from 
 
 ktawa to tbo 
 liilcs. 
 
 biles. 
 
 Hie Routes from British Columhi'i to Ciinada. 
 
 13 
 
 Th « 8 "I. if forrect, would perhaps be too great for present possibilities or contempla- 
 tion. Bvt if such a magnificent ])roject as that of an Intor-onoanic Railroad cannot bo 
 entertaiucu for the present, nature has gifted us with water communications of tho 
 very first order, which only require a few connecting links to mako them available, and 
 which offer a quick and easy mode of conveyance for mails and passengers during 7 or 
 8 months in tbo year, and for goods at ono third of the price by railroad carriage. 
 
 "Tho Eastern portion of tho country to bo opened, was thoroughly explored for this 
 purpose, as far as the lied River Settlement, and tho lower end of the Great Saskatche- 
 wan in 1867-8, at the exjiense anil by order of the Canadian Government ; and we aro 
 indebted for tho detiiils concerning tho remainder, or more westerly portion, to a 
 resident of Victoria, V. I., Mr. Allied Waddington, who has B^iont several years in 
 studying the question, and has l:\id out considcrablo srms in connexion with it, towards 
 opening the tirst link from the coast to the Cariboo mines. This gentleman, who was 
 at perfect liberty to choose the road best suited for tho purpose, made up his mind 
 entirely to avoid New Westminster, not only on account of the many objections it 
 ofters as a scajxirt, but because he had acquired the conviction, that the Passes through 
 the Rocky Mountains between Mount Hooker in Lat. 52^ 17, and the Boundary line, 
 which would ci nnect that jiort with the South Saskatchewan, aro inferior in every 
 resj)cct to the line by the North Branch and tho Yellow Head or Tdto Jauno Bass. 
 His reas(.ns arc the following : 
 
 1. — The arid nature of the eountry traversed by the South Saskatchewan, the greater 
 part of which is unfit for settlement ; its proximity to tho Boundary line, and tho 
 j)robable molestations of the Indians. 
 
 2. — Tho much greater altitude of tho passes, tho sharpness of tho grades and 
 curves, and tho groat auiount of snow. 
 
 3. — The circuitous course tho route would bo obliged to follow through tho Rocky 
 Mountains, after having crossed tho main crest or watersheJ, amounting to nearly 250 
 miles of most expensive, if not impossible railroad. 
 
 4. — The enormous expense, if no* impossibility, of continuing the railroad in this 
 latitude through the Cascade range, and down the Frasor to New M'estruinstei ; besides 
 the utter worthlossness of tho <;rcater part of tho country it would traverse. 
 
 6. — The well known difficulties of access to tho Port of New Westminster, wliich 
 render it totally unfit for tho terminus of an Overland railroad. 
 
 " On the other hand ho brings forward in favor of the Northern route : — 
 
 1. — Tho well known fertility O: ;ho whole country traversed by Uie North Saskatohe- 
 wan, ono of the richest and most productive in the world. 
 
 2. Tho greater navigability of tho North Branch, and the prosenco of largo scams 
 of coal. 
 
 3. — The facility of tho road by Jasper's House and tho Yellow Head, or T5te 
 Jauno Pas; , the only i>racticablo one for a railroad through the Rocky Mountains on 
 British Territory. This Pass, or rather valley, presents a natural roadway through tho 
 mountains, its greatest altitude is only 3,7G0 feet above the sea ; the Indians crosd over 
 it in winter, nor does the snow render it impassable at any time. 
 
 4. — The ready and easy communication offer \ for 280 iiiiles by tho Upper Fraser» 
 through a comparatively open and fertile tract of country. 
 
 5. — The facility for getting to the gold mines in and around Cariboo, which at 
 present can only be reached by 300 miles of wearisome, mountainous waggon road, so 
 that only the very richest claims have been hitherto worked. 
 
 6. — Tho opening up of tho Chilcoaten plain, the only ono of any extent in British 
 Columbia, and which offers every temj)tation to settlors as soon as opened. 
 
 7. — The facilities offered by tho Bute Inlet Valley, presenting a level break 84 
 miles long through the Cascade range, and the unli/ one for contstructing a railroad to 
 the salt-water. 
 
 8. — Tl.o superiority of the harbour at the head of tho inlet, and its easy and safe 
 coQuexiou v.'ith Victoria, Vaacouycr Island. 
 
14 
 
 The Routes from British Cohunhia to Canadt. 
 
 Hi 
 
 m 
 iii 
 
 ; '* Thfi following is a Table of Distances between Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Bute 
 
 I Inlet, Britisu Columbia : 
 
 ! 
 
 From Halifax to Collinj»wood, by railroad 
 
 Stage. Steam 
 jNavig'n. 
 
 Rail- 
 road, 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Miles. 
 1,188 
 
 From Collingwood to Current Kiver, 6 miles North-East of Fort 
 William, Lake Superior 
 
 
 634 
 
 From Lake Superior to Dog Lake 
 
 28 
 
 
 Up Dog Lake and River 
 
 35 
 
 
 Portage to Savanno River, easy ground 
 
 5 
 
 
 Down tlio Savunne River, the Lac des Millo Lacs, and the River 
 Seine to the Little Falls 
 
 65 
 
 
 Thence along the Seine to Rainv Lake 
 
 66J 
 
 
 Through the Lake, down Rainy River, and across the Lake of 
 U»e Woods to the ^"orth-west end of Lao Plat or Shoal 
 Lake 
 
 208 
 
 
 Thence over the Plain lo Fort Garry, Red River Settlement, 
 (with 12,000 inhabitants) 
 
 91^ 
 
 
 Down Red River, to the North-west end of Winipe;? Lake, and 
 
 the CJiand Rapid, 2 ni. beyond on the (i real Saskatchewan 
 
 Portage along tlic North bank 
 
 297 
 
 
 5 
 140 
 
 
 Thence iij) the (ireat Saskatchewan and its North Branch to 
 below the junction of Brazcau River, 80 miles above Fort 
 Edmonton and the settlements of St. Albert and St. Ann... 
 
 Thence to Jasper's House, Lat. 53" 12, at the foot of the Rocky 
 Mountains 
 
 952 
 
 
 
 Thence an tlie Atl^abas'^a to the foot of tlio Yellow Head Pass 
 
 29 
 
 
 Through tlie Pa.«s to the Ui)i)er Eraser 
 
 90 
 
 
 Down the Fraser to Quesnelmouth (road to Cariboo), at the 
 junction of Quesne lie River 
 
 280 
 
 
 Across the Chileoaten Plain, l.'i?^ m., and througli the Cascade 
 Range, 84^ m., by a level valley to Wadd'.ngton Harbour, 
 Head of Bute Iniet 
 
 222 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 4,236 miles, requiring from 20 to 23 d.ays' travel. 
 
 648 
 
 2,400 
 
 1,188 
 
 " The expense of opening the portion between Lake Superior and Fort Garry, com 
 
 E rising road,=, bridg'.'s, drainage, clearing of driftwood, and several small dams, ba 
 een estimated a', about $320,000, towards which the Red River Settlement woul " 
 probably contribute the 911 m. of survcj d road to the Lake of the Woods, estimate ' 
 at $90,000. Governor Douglas proposed to the Home (lovcrnment in 1862 to build th" 
 waggon road between For* Edmonton and the Fraser, for $250,000 ; and Mr. Waddington 
 has undertaken the portion between the Fraser and Bute Inlet, which ho is about to 
 make over to an inlluential Company in England. The Hudson's Bay Company were 
 already on the point some years ago, of ])utting on steamers between the Red River 
 Settlement and Edmonton ; this they would now probably do, as well as on the Up])or 
 Fraser ; and private parties would be glad to do as much on t'^o three other portions 
 of lake and river between Fort Garry and Lake Superior. 
 
 "Thus, the whole line could be opened in loss than two years, and England, instead 
 of rnnniug the risk, as at present, of losing tho trade of the East, would for a sum loss 
 than $600,000 (and pending the construction of the railroad which must sooa follow), 
 have an immediate high road of its 'Wn, which, when completed, will be the ahortost 
 and most direct possible to China, Japan, and {)erhaps even to India. 
 
 "It would be easy to multijly pages in descanting on tht desirability of havin;^ a 
 travelled connection between Canada and British Columbia, but three extracts, from 
 well known authorities, Canadian, British Columbian and English, must suffice hero. 
 The Hon. Mr. Gait, Finance Minister of Canada, used the following exprossioii in a 
 speech at Lennoxville in May, 1867, when he was freshly returned from the work of 
 uniting the Eastern Colonies of British America into one Dominion. 
 
 " When we know that British Columbia is at this moment seeking admission into 
 our Government, we ithould bo wanting in our duty to ourselves, wanting in our duty as 
 subjects of the British Crown, if wo refused to let that country in. There is only one 
 
7%c Routes from BHtish Cohimbia to Canada. 
 
 15 
 
 tia, and Bute I 
 
 team 
 avig'n. 
 
 Rail- 
 road, 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Milfs. 
 1,188 
 
 634 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 
 
 
 297 
 
 
 
 
 952 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 280 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !,400 
 
 1,188 
 
 Garry, com 
 11 (laiiis, ba 
 cinont woul ' 
 
 1, estimate ' 
 to biiiUl th-^ 
 
 Waddington i 
 10 is about to ' 
 mj>any were ' 
 ho Rod River ; 
 « the Upper ; 
 
 thur portions | 
 
 ! 
 
 land, inHtoad 
 ir a sum less i 
 WKZi follow), ! 
 tlio shortest j 
 
 of havin;; a | 
 ctraots, from \ 
 sutTice hero, i 
 ros^iori in a | 
 the work of j 
 
 Imission into i 
 
 our duty as 
 
 •0 is only ono 
 
 I 
 
 I' way in which a policy of ngrosBion can bo met. If the United States desire to out flank 
 us in the West, wo must accept the situation, and lay ovr hand upon BriUsh Columbia 
 and the Pacific Ocean. This country cannot be surround'-d by the United f^tatoa ; wo 
 should be gone if wo allowed it, wc should bo in their hanU when they chose to shut it. 
 Wo must have our back against the North. The great lines of foiil'-ment, the great sources 
 of power, seem on this continent to stretch from the East towards the West. " From the 
 Atlantic to the Pacific " must bo the cry in British America as much as it has ever been 
 in the United States. That nation has been willing to spend hundreds of niilli(> .s of 
 treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives to keep their country together, and should 
 not wo too bo ready to make some sacrifices to obtain half a continent which i" offered 
 us to day." 
 
 The writer of the Prize Essay on British Columbia, published in 1863, wrote thun : 
 " In an attempt to view the future of British Columbia, the eye is forced to range 
 beyond her liuiits, and see her linked with her sister colonics. Connection with Canada 
 is essential to her full development. In a political point of view, it is of the utmost 
 ini])ortauee that Her Majesty's dominions in North America should be united by road, 
 telegraph, and railway. Commercially, this is important, for it is now understood that 
 the connci'tion of the two shores of the North American continent would open a new 
 highway for the commerce of Englan,. with Asia and Australia : even now the want is 
 felt. Free and regular postal communication is essential to the existence of commerce 
 and the advance of civilization. At present British Columbia is denied this boon. 
 English mails reach the colony, via New York and Panama, in Ameri(!an ships, ov over- 
 land from New York to San Francisco. Not to speak of the delaj's and risks to which 
 the mails are subjected on these lines, it is unseemly that a great naval Poivcr should 
 be indebted to foreigners for the transmission of its mails to its own Colonics. Were 
 1 communication opened between Canada and British Columbia, the mail service to the 
 I latter Colony and Vancouver Island would bo regular, expeditious, and safe. Nor 
 I would these Colonies alone be benefitted : such aline once established, the postal service 
 I of England with Australia and Asia could not fail to bo carried through British 
 I Columbia." 
 
 I And lastly, Her Most Gracious Majesty, in her well remembered speech from the 
 
 throne, in 1858, when British Columbia was made a British Colony — expressed the fol- 
 lowing truly sublime hope, the realization of which should bo the great aim of all Her 
 subjects in America. 
 
 " I HOPE THAT THIS KEW COLONT ON THE PACIFIC MAY BE BUT ONE STEP I.V THE CAREER 
 or STEADY PROGRESS BY WHICH MY DOMINIONS IN NORTH AMERICA MAY BE ULTIMATELY- 
 PEOPLED IN AX UNBROKEN CHAIN, FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC, BY A LOYAL AND 
 I.NDUSTKIOIS POPULATION." 
 
 VIII.— CROWN LANDS REGULATIONS. 
 
 The management of the Crown Lands of British Columbia is govirncd by tho 
 ordinance of 1865 of which the following is a synopsis : — 
 
 All tho lands, mines and minerals in British Columbia not otherwise lawfully 
 appropriated belong to tho Crown in fee. 
 
 Tne upset price of survey lands — not reserved for town sites and not reputed to bo 
 mineral lands to be four shillings and two j)enco ($1) per acre. And all the land is to 
 bo exposed for sale by public competition after duo notive given. 
 
 The conveyance is to include all trees, mines and minerals except minos of gold and 
 silver. 
 
 , British subjects may pre-empt 160 acres of land on paying $2 for a Record Certi- 
 ficate, which carries leave of absence from the claim for six moiiths. A fusther quantity 
 not exceeding 480 acres may bo pre-empted by the same parties on paying $0.50 per 
 acre as an instalment of purchase money. When tho government surveys tho land the 
 claimant or his assigns may purchase at the governi.ient j/rieo (not to excec<l $1 per 
 acre), provided he or they have been in continuous occupation. 
 
 Aliens may buy but cannot pre-empt 
 
 The Governor or his duly authorized ofTicera may grant leases of any extent of 
 unoccupied and unsurvcyed land for pastoral purposes — but such lands shall bo liable 
 to pre-emption, reserve and purchase, without co.nponsation save a proportionate 
 deduction of rent and the lessee nnist covenant to stock the property with so many 
 animals to the 100 acres as the sti|)endiary magistrate may specify. 
 
 IX.— AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Owing to the general character of its surface it is not to bo expected that British 
 Columbia will over become great as an agricultural country alone, but it has arable and 
 pasture lands suUicieut to maintain a very large mining and cuiumurcial population. 
 
16 
 
 iijil 
 
 ill! 
 
 Mi" 
 
 ililll 
 
 Agriculture — Timber. 
 
 The interior of British Columbia is admirably adapted to the growth ot coroals, 80 
 bushels to the aero havin)if been obtained in favored spots. 
 
 In 18(i6, enauKh wheat was produced near the mines to meet the entire consumption 
 of flour there for the present season ; the grain was ground on the spot and the flour is 
 equal to the finest California brands. 
 
 Barley, well suited to malting purposes, grows well. Oats are luxuriant. Vego- 
 tables, often of enormous size, grow abundantly and all kinds of fruits flourish luxu- 
 riantly. 
 
 Vancouver's Island possesses but little ricli land in proportion to its area, but this 
 is highly productive and only needs cultivation to yield the heaviest possible crops of 
 wheat and other farm and garden crops. 
 
 X.— TIMBER. 
 
 The timber of British Columbia and Vancouver's Island is unsurpassed in any otbe 
 part of the world and is one of the most important resources of the colony. 
 
 Chief among tlic trees is tlie majestic Douglas I'ino (^Abien Doiu/laHii) which often 
 attains enormous growth, and is one of tlic best woods for large spars known. It grows 
 to the heiglit of from 150 to 300 feet with a diameter at the base ranging from 5 to 10 
 feet — straight, uniform, free from knots and sapwood, and extraordinary for strength, 
 flexibility and durability. Spars from this wood have been extensively used and 
 highly apjircciated in the English merchant service, and largo quantities have been 
 supplied to the French, Spanish, Sardinian and Dutch governments. An official report 
 made u])on tl)o (pinlities of these spars, in the French dockyard at Toulon, shews their 
 compnrntive value.* 
 
 Ttie White Pine (^Pinus Strobun) grows in almost inexhaustible quantities, makes 
 good cleiir lumi)er and easily worked. 
 
 .\mong tlic other woods of value are the Spruce Fir, Balsam Fir, Hemlock. The Cedar 
 {Thui/<i (ii</(itil</ii) is moKt prolific in its growth and often measures from 25 to 35 feet in 
 circumference at the base. Yellow Pine (/'i«u» Ponderosa), Oak (^Qui.rcut Garijann), 
 Majile, 7^1dcr, Dogwood, Arbutus, Cotton wood, Ac., are plentiful and attain groat size. 
 
 Sawn lumber is shipped to Australia, the Sandwich Islands, China and S. America. 
 
 Table of Saw Mills, — Br. Col., with the location, name of mill, owner's name, erst, &c. 
 
 Locution. 
 
 Vnue<turvr's IitlantU 
 
 Bar"liiy Sduiid 
 
 CliL'iitnintis 
 
 1)0 
 
 Name of Mill. 
 
 Alborni 
 Kcnnear 
 Shephurd . 
 
 Mill Stone Creek Vancouver Coftl Co. . 
 
 Sliawni^nn ."Sayward's 
 
 Sooke llnrlioiir iMuir & Cos 
 
 Spring Viilo Cameron's 
 
 Miiinland, | 
 
 Burrard'R Inlet i British Colnmbia Cos. 
 
 Do ]Mo(jdy & Cos 
 
 Hodge's Flat Ilodxe's 
 
 Now Westminster Moody & Cos 
 
 Wild Horse Creek Wood k Angell's 
 
 William Creek 
 
 No. of 
 Saws. 
 
 Capacity ft. 
 %» 24 hours. 
 
 Power. 
 
 100,000 
 
 Steam. 
 
 - . . , 
 
 Water. 
 
 (.(KJO 
 
 •' 
 
 1">.0(K) 
 
 '* 
 
 10,000 
 
 (( 
 
 K,(NM) 
 
 Steam. 
 
 15,u:)0 
 
 Water. 
 
 Nl.tXk) 
 
 Steam. 
 
 ."iO.OOU 
 
 Water. 
 
 •Vtoo 
 
 ** 
 
 a'),tK)o 
 
 Steam. 
 
 7,000 
 
 Water. 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Owner's Name. 
 
 120,000 Spro.at k Co. 
 
 5,000 Kenneiir. 
 
 2,000 Itieo. Askjn. 
 
 7,000 .Vaneou.or Coal Co. 
 14,0(H) W. T. Snvward. 
 
 8,000 IMuir & Co. 
 20,000 Hon. I). Cameron. 
 I 
 120,000 lliritiah Columbia Co. 
 3.5,000 iMoodv&Co. 
 
 2,(S00 I— Hodges. 
 3C,0(HI ! Moody & Co. 
 
 7,000 jWoodi, Angall. 
 
 * THE rLEXIBIMir, nESISTAKOE, AND DENSITY OF MASIS KKOM TANCOUVER ISLAND COMPAUED W^U 
 
 MASTS FROM IllUA : 
 
 The principal quality of tlicBo woods is a flexibility and a tenacity of fibre rarely met with in trees lo aged ; 
 they may be b !nt and twi.sted several times in contrary directions without breaking. 
 
 Several poles of the greatest lengtls liaving the end at the foot, and the top of the tree cut off, wore ',ricd com- 
 paratively with poles of the same dimensions cut from a Riga spar of tlrut class, and the following veaults were 
 found : 
 
 ■Vancouver Pino. Riga Pino. 
 
 Maximum degree of bending before rupture at the foot- •■ Om tKi5~-~«~->. Oiu 028 
 
 At the head ■.■ ~. ».»,.v^«w....^.««~ 019.-~~~..~ Oil) 
 
 Mcan.- 
 
 Charge of rupture (per oentimot«rs) squared at the ♦'oot- 
 At the head. ~-««- 
 
 Density of the wood at the foot of the tree- 
 Deusitjr at the head.- 
 
 — ~ 022- 
 
 23k 7.5- 
 
 16 11- 
 
 19 91 
 6.'J<5 
 478 
 
 ..- 1 022 
 
 — 21k 00 
 
 — 19 08 
 
 20 -a 
 
 - 72(1 
 ~ KH 
 
 557 629 
 
 These experiments give a mean almost identical, for the bending and breaking of the two kinds of wood, while 
 
 the density diflers notablv to the advantage of the Vancouver wood. 
 
 Tho oiily question still undecided is that of durability. The musts and spars of Vancouver are woods rare 
 
 and exceptional for dimensions and superior quulities, strength, lightness, absence of knots and other grave vices. 
 " Toulon," September 21, 1800. (Signed) L. A. Silvester, Du Ferrou, Chief £nginoer of 3d Section. 
 
Timber. 
 
 17 
 
 makes 
 
 roll. 
 
 10 ngeil 1 
 
 lod, while 
 
 )od9 rare 
 
 vo vicei. 
 
 Ition. 
 
 ' a duty of 25 per cent ciToctunlly closing to the lumber the nearest market Sftn Friincisco, 
 and rendering competition with Washington Territory and Oregon iilinost an impoHsibility. 
 Largo quantities of shingles superior in quality are manufactured in the colony for 
 home use and export. 
 
 The following is from an English nowppaper : — 
 
 " The remarks lately made in our columns on the very great value of the douolas 
 nn, have led one of the most skilful of our judges of timl)or to favour us with the fol- 
 lowing highly important information. This tir wood, Mu. Wm. Wii,.s(»\ Saundkks, F. 11. 
 S., of Lloyd's, has had many opportunities of examining carefully ; and, in order to 
 j satisfy one of our largest imjiorters, ho has made some careful experiments on its strength 
 I and flexibility in comparison with other similar woods. The following table, with which 
 1 ho has favou id us, gives the result, which is in the highest degree satisfactory. Mr. 
 Wilson Saunders has a regular machine for these experiments, and the results can bo 
 implicitly relied on. 
 
 " Lengths of the woods enumerated in the following table, carefully squared to IJ 
 inch, wore submitted to tlie jiressuro of weights pendant from the uontro, the lengths being 
 supported between standards exactly (i feet ajiart. The weight at which each broke and 
 the amount of deflection from the horizontal line at the time of breaking, are given in 
 the following table : 
 
 Douglas Fir 280 Ibo. 4 inchoa. 
 
 Pitch Pine 280 4 
 
 Canada Spruce 19(1 4.7 
 
 Red Pino 168 6 
 
 Larch— British 1()8 6.2 
 
 Deodar from the Himalayas... 164 .'!.8 
 
 Fracture, 
 
 rough and long. 
 
 short and even. 
 
 short and rough. 
 
 rough. 
 
 ."hort and even. 
 
 short. 
 
 " The specimens experimented upon were carefully selected from the best description 
 of wood, and free from all defects. The deflection is given in inches and tenths of an 
 inch. Each wood had two trials, and the figures give a moan result." 
 
 " Dr. Liniilcy commenting on these tables goes on to say : 
 
 " It will be thus seen that none of the Firs approached in strength the Douglas or 
 the Pitch Pine ; it havinij required the irciijht of 280 Um. to break u >itii(itl Imr of their irood, 
 no more than an inch and a ijitiirter square. A hundred and sixty-eight pounds broke a 
 piece of British Larch of the same scantling. Moreover between the Douglas Fir and 
 Pitch Pine, whose strength was equal, there is this great difl'ercnce, that wliile the latter 
 snapped short under a pressure of 280 lbs., the Douglas yielded unwillingly with a rough 
 and long rend." 
 
 " Since our last a further example of this tree has arrived at the International Exhi- 
 bition, from British Cohnnbia. It consists of 10 horizontal sections of that tree, 1)09 feet 
 high, to which v.e formerly alluded, and of which a drawing has been susjiended in the 
 building. They are about to be displayed in the Court of British Columbia, and servo 
 to show unmist'ikeably what a noble tree this is, and how superb an ornament as well as 
 inexhaustible source of wealth to the tvo Colonics." 
 
 XI.— MINING. 
 
 GOLD MIXES. 
 
 British Columbia is surrounded by ranges of auriferous mountains, and the specks 
 of that precious metal called " color " may be found in almost any section of the country. 
 
 In 1858 some gold was found on the bars and banks o*" the Frascr river, very fine 
 and " flaky " in character, but as it became coarser the higher the pioneers ascended the 
 stream, exj)i'>vation was encouraged and in 1859 coarse gold was discovered on the Quos- 
 nello, a tributary of the Eraser, some 300 miles inland. In 1800 and 1861 further rich 
 deposits oi' coarse gold were found in Cariboo. * 
 
 * Tlio main featuro of the Cariboo country is the Rront ranRC of^iountains from r>,flOO to 10,000 feet 
 above tlie Bea-levcl. whence numerous " creeks " descoiiil iiitd the KrasL-r. .ijB e golil is found botli in the creeks 
 and iu the banks. The bed-rock is most irregular, sometinies aii|ieuriug tfVthu surface, often from 20 to 80 feet 
 below it. It is usually a bluish slate, covered by a degiflsit of biueclay. ^pkaks of yellow clay are also found 
 which are sometimes very rich. Cariboo gold is generally mixed .with quwrtz. 
 
 The following statements respecting the Caribou diggings arf condensed from a pamphlet published with the 
 sanction of the Government in 18()4 :— 
 
 In the early part of the season of 1861, the most Important creek in Cariboo was Antler, which yielded at one 
 time at the lowest $IO,(KH) a day. On one claim $1(KI0 were taken out of the sluice-boxes, as the result of a day's 
 work. Later in the season Williams Creek wholly eclipsed even Antler. One claim, Steele's, gave on one day 
 409 oz. : the total obtained on its area of 8tl feet by il, being $1^,000. In IStil gold was found on Williams creek 
 only in fi claims, but now the valley is takun up for 6 miles, both in the creek and in the hill side. In 1861 the 
 only mining was iu surface diggings. The mining of 1862 assumed a new character, and shaft sinking, drifting, 
 and tunnelling are now vigorously prosecuted ; a system of mining w hich unlike the former can be carried on 
 throughout the entire year. In tnc summer of 186*2, the highest amount taken out by any Company in 24 hours 
 was Sli.d.'HI; this was in Cunningham's claim, which averaged nearly $2,000 a day during the whole season. On 
 several days 52 lbs. wore taken out. The Uishop of Columbia w itnesscd 600 oz. taken out on a claim in one day. 
 Ada'u's claim yielded to each of its 3 partners $40,000 clear of expenses. In Barker's claim 8 partners realised 
 $71 1 each. It is believed that on this creek last year IM claims paid expenses, w hieh would average $2000 each, 
 making a total of $.')I0,00O, and about an equal amount was cleared. The entire yield of the creek for the soaaon 
 
18 
 
 Mining. 
 
 m, 
 
 III! ! 
 
 In 1862 thoro was a jfr«at inflax of omigrantR — a do called " rush " — and gold sock- 
 ing assumed a now charaL-tor. Instoad of surface digging, shaft sinking, tunnolUng and 
 drifting wore vigorously prosecuted, resulting in an initucnso yield of gold. 
 
 Coarse gold is also found in Kootenay and Hig Ui'.nd districts, and when thoy have 
 boon more thoroughly " j)rospectcd," highly succoasful results are expected. Rich speci- 
 mens of gold quartz have l)een discovered, but as yet no ledges have been worked. 
 
 Gold was discovered in Vancouver's Island in 1H()4, by tiie (Jovorninont explorers at 
 Loech river, 20 miles from Victoria, and considerable quantities of coarse gold of a very 
 fine quality have been taken from the mines thoro. (lovernment has just completed a 
 dit^h whicii will en(.'Oiirage their developmont. 
 
 Thoro are, unfortunately, no statistics which give the amount of gold taken out 
 j-oarly, * but it is roughly computed at from $;3,i>00,000 to $j,Ul)0,000. 
 
 * Tin prin'!ipal export trailo ill pfoM from British Columbift is in tho hnnda of WoUs, Fargo ft Co., ExproM 
 a;3nts. Tliu following uro tlio exports by tliisilriu iu Iso'i mid IH u i— 
 
 Months. 
 
 IS):; 
 
 KS(i7 
 
 Months. 
 
 l.Slifi 
 
 1837 
 
 
 $ 
 2-),0):> 
 
 l,H13 
 
 22.miii 
 
 lit:t,l>:t!i 
 22i).:Mi 
 
 $ 
 
 I04,>)43 
 
 4()i),()45 
 7,270 
 
 M,<il)3 
 3Sii,(ill 
 
 .W,105 
 
 Jnlv 
 
 $ 
 
 ,32.6:)S 
 412,i».)« 
 l.{2,27.5 
 l(i.J.UO 
 3l«.fi72 
 
 34,732 
 
 lfl2,6'>l 
 
 Fubrnary 
 
 
 2I1,30() 
 
 
 Si3|>tembjr 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 Deoombor 
 
 
 April 
 
 
 May 
 
 
 Jiiiit' 
 
 
 
 
 Total— ><J year. .1 .«i},,S2ti 
 
 'M6,637 1 
 
 
 l,rJ4,48.i 
 
 
 The maximum fineness of British Columbia Gold is about 940 = $19'4-3 per oz. ; the 
 minimum is .'JlT-lf), though at the mines it is often bought for $16 a .>?T6..'jO, 
 
 Nuggets of pure gold have often been found on the mainland, weighing 5 oz., and 
 with an admixture of quartz, 16 ^z. At Leech river V. I., beautiful nuggets of from 3 to 
 6 oz. not unfroqucntly occur. 
 
 The laws respecting gold mining have all been consolidated in tho 34th Ordinance, 
 Session of 1867, horeinator published as an appendix. 
 
 Coal is found cropping out along Ine whole northern coast of Vancouver's Island, 
 and n' 'lough little has been done to develop tho richness of the mines, their great value 
 has bcM'n proved. Vancouver Island cool is bituminous, but on Queen Charlotte's 
 Island a mine of anthracite has been discovere.i, thoroughly "prospected" at a cost of 
 $50,000, and will probably prove exceedingly valuable. 
 
 Tho only mines actually worked are those at Nanaimo, formerly the property of tho 
 Hudson's Bay Co., but now owned by English capitalists composing the Vancouver Coal 
 Company. One of these fields, on Newcastle Island, is estimated to contain 3,000,000 
 tons. How much there may bo on Vancouver's I.siand itself, cannot bo even estimated. 
 Tho seam now worked has from 3 to 6 feet in thickness of clear coal. 
 
 The mines wore opened in 1852, and tho first schooner load sold in 1853. Of lato 
 the following have been tho quantities raised, (called tho "out put,) and shipped : 
 
 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 
 
 Output 4,860 19,346 27,255 32,499 29,543 
 
 Shipments — 21,550 29,()69 32,818 25,212 
 
 Tho price at the mine is, for Coal $6.50, for Dross or Slack $2.50, per ton of 2240 
 lbs. Miners' wages are $3 per diem, artizans' $2 to $2.50, laborers' $1.50 to $1.75. The 
 whole receive in addition medical attendance, house and fuel gratis. 
 
 OTHER MINERALS. 
 
 Specimens of Copper, Tin, Platinum, Plumbago, Galena, Iron, &c., have been dis- 
 covered in many parts of the country, which is also believed to bo rich in silver leads. 
 
 XII.— FISHERIES. 
 
 The Fisheries of British Columbia promise to become of groat importance. 
 
 Cod — tho true gaduv — is found on the west side of Vancouver's, and it is believed 
 that banks which will rival those of Newfoundland exist in tho Gulf of Georgia. The 
 fish averages 2\ feet in length, with a girth of 18 inches round the shoulder. 
 
 Herrings frequent the shores in countlesc thousands — less suited for salting than the 
 Atlantic fish, but yet of great value for smoking. 
 
 may accordingly be estimated at $620,000. A now part of the creek ' below the oanon,' hitherto nnprospected, was 
 found to pay as richly as tho famous olnlms a'/ovo the canon, and $300,(KX) were taken out of throe claims, between 
 October and January lH(x3: in attestation of which IflOlbs. of gold were brought to Lilloet on the 21st of February. 
 Later iu the spring of Vi/ii, Dillou's olaim gave the extraordinary yield of 102 lbs. in one day, or about $2U,UU0. 
 
Finherlet. 
 
 19 
 
 )1(1 aeok- 
 lling and 
 
 loy have 
 ^\\ Hpoci- 
 tcd. 
 
 )l()rors at 
 of a very 
 iplotcil a 
 
 iikon out 
 
 o., Expreei 
 
 1837 
 
 in2,6'>i 
 
 r oz. ; the 
 
 5 oz., and 
 f from 3 to 
 
 )rdinanco, 
 
 •'s Islnnil, 
 roat value 
 iJharlotte'a 
 t a coat of 
 
 pty of the 
 
 ivcr Coal 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 jstimated. 
 
 \. Of lato 
 
 lod : 
 
 43 
 ,212 
 
 of 2240 
 .75. The 
 
 been dis- 
 ir leads. 
 
 believed 
 •gia. The 
 
 g than the 
 
 ospectod. was 
 tims, between 
 of Febrimry. 
 kbout $2U,UW. 
 
 ITad<lock, Whitin;;, Halibut, Sturgeon, arc extremely plentiful, and isinglass mndo 
 from the latter is an article of export. 
 
 The Pilchard i.s bcT. )vod U) frequent the Qulf of Georgia ; the Smelt is captured by 
 boat loads. 
 
 In the northern seas, M'hales and Seals abound. | 
 
 Salmon exist in fabulous quantiues and are uaught by the Indians in incredible | 
 numbers. i 
 
 The Eula^hon, a small fish of the salmon family, visits the north coast of Vancouver's : 
 in shoals and ascends the rivers of the mainland, as far south as the Columbia, to spawn. ' 
 Immense (piantitics are taken by the Indians, who obtain from it, by simple processes, a , 
 valuahlo oil. A (iiiantity of oil is also pro<iucud from the Dog fish, which is tukou in ; 
 incredible quantities ; it has long formed an article of export. 
 
 Oysters are found in the inlets, good but small. 
 
 XIII. TR.\DE— THE TARIFF. 
 
 The imports and exports of British C(»lum ia (m eland) and Vancouvora Island 
 wore as follows from the date of the first returns : 
 
 Imports. 
 Vancouver's Island 
 British Columbia...! 1,286,<J45 
 
 1860 
 
 1801 
 
 18C2 
 
 $ 
 2,0c3,055 
 1,44-i 400 
 
 $ 
 3,721,885 
 2,800,840 
 
 1863 
 
 3,986,480 
 2,174,265 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 $ 
 3,714.210 
 2,407,765 
 
 2,971. 48:* 
 2,4S'J,C.7o 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Vancouver's Island 
 Add gold estimated 
 
 197,895 
 
 396,045 
 
 * 
 
 British Columbia...] 57,000 
 Add gold estimated 3,000,000 
 
 63,430 
 
 3,057,000 
 
 61, .385 
 
 * 
 
 601,270 
 2,130,990 
 
 2,732,260 i 
 
 94,020 
 
 99,865 167,380 , 
 6,000,000 2,893,950 \ 
 
 6,099,865 I 3,061,330 
 
 * No estimate for these yean. The estimates are from the British Board of Trade returns. 
 
 (It stands to reason that the figures respecting these colonies should not be added 
 together, the exports from one being again included in the exports from the other.) 
 
 The detailed figures for Vancouvoi's Island, obtained from local sources, difF<ir, but 
 not materially. They shew the direction of trade, which it wiU be seen is chiefly with 
 the United States, next with England, 
 
 Imports into Vic-I 
 toria, Vancouver's Year 1861 
 Island : 
 
 England 
 
 San Francisco ... 
 
 I Portland 
 
 : Puget Sound 
 
 ! Sandwich Islands.. 
 I British Columbia, 
 
 I Valparaiso 
 
 ; Australia 
 
 China 
 
 I Society Islands... 
 i San Juan 
 
 458,511 
 
 1,153,403 
 
 171,510 
 
 176,895 
 
 42,963 
 
 17,283 
 
 Year 1862, 
 
 Year 1863. Year 1864. Year 1865. 
 
 704,248 
 
 2,389,861 
 
 75,370 
 
 224,783 
 
 112,108 
 
 32,424 
 
 17,000 
 
 32,170 
 
 22,268 
 
 2,020,565 
 
 2* 
 
 3,610,232 
 
 :,296,003 
 
 1,949,445 
 
 120,984 
 
 270,600 
 
 113,486 
 
 70,935 
 
 45,434 
 
 3,866,887 
 
 1,414,184 
 
 1,639,442 
 
 161,131 
 
 284,931 
 
 20,124 
 
 82,974 
 
 3,602,786 
 
 Ist Half 
 Year 1866. 
 
 982,584 
 
 1,284,687 
 
 181,160 
 
 222,056 
 
 93,678 
 
 73,071 
 
 3,772 
 
 36,198 
 1,115 
 4,700 
 
 404,628 
 485,555 
 35,549 
 98,580 
 10,954 
 26,592 
 
 5,719 
 
 2,883,021 I 1,076,577 
 
20 
 
 Trade— the Tariff. 
 
 1 1 1 1 
 i I i 
 
 I ExpurtH from Viotorin to Foreign 
 PortH, oxcludivt! of nritiiih Co 
 Itiinhiii : 
 
 Last Hnlf 
 Year 1863, 
 
 ISOO, 
 
 San Friini 
 
 PortlaitU , 
 
 Puj;(!t Sou ml 
 
 Now York 
 
 Honiifiilii , 
 
 Riin.siim Territory 
 
 Pctroptiiiloski 
 
 North West Count of N. America., 
 
 Society IsliindH, 
 
 Great Britain..... 
 
 1.'?0.12.'5 
 
 42,024 
 
 349 
 
 .•?0,447 
 
 no record. 
 
 180,000 
 
 Year 1864, 
 
 27!),465 
 
 48,929 
 
 09,602 
 no record. 
 
 173,000 
 
 Year 18G5, 
 
 244.7.34 
 t))>,290 
 33,264 
 
 "60,076 
 47,209 
 
 "i 6,671 
 
 1 ,962 
 
 130,000 
 
 600,266 
 
 First Half 
 Year 1866. 
 
 112,003 
 19,377 
 12,691 
 876 
 84.421 
 18,036 
 
 24,757 
 
 167,491 
 
 430,651 
 
 Tlie iiliovo ilf^urcH iirc from the Victoria Board of Trade returns. 
 In 1800 tlio ti>;urcs for.tlio two colonics were : 
 
 Iiiiports (II months) $2,039,106 
 
 (Icnoral merchandize, do 659,916 
 
 do, recorded... 1,689,569 
 
 Exports.. (Ij- 
 
 $2,249,485 
 
 THK TATirPF, 
 
 Tlie folIdwinR is the Tariff of British Columbia on imported goods. There is now no 
 duty on cxjiorts : tliat on gold liaving been repealed in 1865. 
 
 {Avitnted to, in Iler Majcsty'ii name, the 2bth day of March, 1867.) 
 
 SPKCIPIC DUTIES. 
 
 Ale & Porter, in wood 15 ets. per gall. 
 Do. in hot,, 30 cts. jicrdoz., qts. 
 
 Bacon and llanis 4 ets. per lb. 
 
 Barley. Oats, Malt & 
 
 Field Peas 30 ets per 100 lbs. 
 
 Beans and Split Peas. 1 ct. i)er lb. 
 
 Bitters .iil.SO per gal. 
 
 Butter 10 ets. per lb. 
 
 Candles 5 ets. per lb, 
 
 Chcctto 5 ets. per lb. 
 
 Cider 15 ets. per gal, 
 
 Oigars S2 per 100, 2cts. ea. 
 
 Coal $1.25 per ton. 
 
 Cofl'ee, raw 3 ets. per lb. 
 
 Do., manufactured. 6 ets. per lb. 
 
 Eggs 123 ets. per doz. 
 
 Flour $1.50 per bbl. 
 
 Fresh Fruits, viz : Ap- 
 ples, Pears, Plums, 
 Cherries, Currants, 
 Raspberries, Straw- 
 berries, and Goose- 
 berries 1 ct. per lb. 
 
 Gunpowder, sporting. 6 ets, per lb. 
 Do. blasting. 3 ets. per lb. 
 
 Hay $4 per ton. 
 
 Lard 5 ets. per lb. 
 
 Lime 50 ets. per bbl. 
 
 Lumber : — 
 Rough fir & cedar... $3 per 1000 feet. 
 Dressed, do. ... $5 per 1000 feet. 
 
 Shingles $1 per 1000 feet. 
 
 Fence Pickets $2 per 1000 foet. 
 
 Laths $1 per 1000 foet. 
 
 Live Stock : — 
 Horses and Mules. $2 per head. 
 
 Live Stock : — 
 
 Beef Cattle 
 
 Milch Cows 
 
 Sheep and Goats. 
 
 Hogs 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Rice 
 
 Sugar, raw 
 
 Do. refined 
 
 Spirits : — 
 
 Brandy 
 
 Gin,\Vhisky, Rum. 
 
 All other kinds.... 
 
 Tea 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Vegetables, viz : — 
 
 Onions 
 
 Other kinds, fresh. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Wines, viz : — 
 
 Champagne & Mo- 
 selle 
 
 China medicated... 
 
 California red and 
 white 
 
 Claret 
 
 Port, Sherry and 
 all other de- 
 
 BcriptionB 
 
 Bran and Shorts 
 
 Buck-wheat 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 Cornmeal 
 
 Hops 
 
 Shot 
 
 $3 per head, 
 $2 per head. 
 75 ets. per head. 
 $2 per head, 
 i et. per lb. 
 Ij ets. per lb, 
 2 ets. per lb. 
 2J ets. per lb, 
 
 [to proof, 
 $2 per gal., according 
 $2 " " 
 
 $2 " " 
 
 12j ets. per lb. 
 25 ets. per lb. 
 
 2 ets. per lb. 
 1 ct. per lb. 
 35 ets. per 100 
 
 lbs. 
 
 $3 per doz (quarts.) 
 $1.60 per gal. 
 
 25 ets. per gal. 
 20 ets. per gal. 
 
 75 ets. per gal, 
 25 ets. per 100 Iba. 
 1 ct. per lb. 
 
 1 et. per lb. 
 i ct. per lb. 
 10 ets. per lb. 
 
 2 ets. per lbs. 
 
 111... 
 iiiiili 
 
Trade— the Tariff. 
 
 21 
 
 t Half 
 r l«(i6. 
 
 12,903 
 
 l'),H77 
 12,««l 
 «7« 
 84,421 
 18,035 
 
 "24,f57 
 
 l"67,"49i 
 
 430,651 
 
 ! is now no 
 
 A. 
 (I. 
 
 head, 
 d. 
 ). 
 
 lb. 
 lb. 
 
 lb. 
 
 [to proof. 
 L according 
 
 II- lb. 
 lb. 
 
 lib. 
 
 100 lbs. 
 
 (quarts.) 
 ral. 
 
 gal. 
 gal. 
 
 gal. 
 
 100 lbs. 
 lb. 
 lb. 
 lb. 
 
 lb. 
 Ilba. 
 
 AD VALORKM DUTIKfl. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Axon 15 
 
 Boof, pnlt 10 
 
 Billiard and BugatuUo Tables 12} 
 
 Blankets 20 
 
 Boots and >Shoc8 20 
 
 Broad 20 
 
 Cards, playing 50 
 
 Chocolate 20 
 
 Clothing, ready made 15 
 
 Confectionery 30 
 
 Drugs, medicines 20 
 
 Dry (}ood.s 12} 
 
 Eiirtlienware 12} 
 
 Fish, preserved, dried, and salt 15 
 
 FiiC arms 12j 
 
 Fruits, preserved, and dried 12} 
 
 Furniture 15 
 
 Glass and Glassware 12i 
 
 Groceries 12} 
 
 Hardware and Ironmongry 12} 
 
 Harness and Haddlery 20 
 
 Hemp Canvass 2} 
 
 Leather 15 
 
 Jewellery 20 
 
 Machinery 10 
 
 Matches 12} 
 
 Meat, preserved 12} 
 
 Do. fresh 20 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Molaiisoi... 12} 
 
 Nails 12} 
 
 Nuts and Almonds 12} 
 
 Oils 15 
 
 Opium 25 
 
 Paints 10 
 
 Pork salt 10 
 
 Plants, trees ami shrubs 12} 
 
 Poultry, dead and alive 25 
 
 Quicksilver 10 
 
 Rope, Cordage and Twine 5 
 
 Soap 15 
 
 (Stationery 12} 
 
 Tinware 25 
 
 Vegetables preserved and salt 10 
 
 Waggons, Carrittg(!s 20 
 
 Trunks 12} 
 
 Watches and Clocks 12} 
 
 Window Sashes and Doors 20 
 
 Ship building materials, viz : — 
 
 Manufactured Sails 20 
 
 Cotton Canva« 5 
 
 Woodcnwaro 12} 
 
 Yeast Powders. 12} 
 
 All other articles not enumerated in 
 i;ither of the above liiits, nor in the 
 
 following list of free goods 12} 
 
 THE FOLLOWIMO ABTICLK8 ABE ADMITTED FREE OF DUTY. 
 
 Agricultural Imjilements, Books Printed and Manuscript, Bricks, all Fresh Fruits 
 not enir.nerntcd in Schedule of Specific Duties, Coin, Gunny Sacks. Iron and Stt-cl, all 
 kinds of wood not enumerated in Schedule of Specific Duties, Calves under iwtilvo 
 months old, Personal EiTect«, Salt, Garden Seeds, Grain for See<l, Tiir and Pitfli, Tin, 
 Coppo'-, and Zinc, Lead in ])ipe, sheets and bars. Wire, (Iron and Brass) Copper Sheets, 
 Boilcr-])lHtcs and Bolts, and patent metal for Ships, Iron Hoops, Sheet Iron, Rough and 
 partialy Manul'actured Woods used in construction of Carriages and Waggons, ami Steel 
 Springs, Waggon Axels, Anchors, Cables, Chains and Copper Bolts for Ship Building, 
 Fresh Fish, Fish Oils, Whalebone, Raw llemp for Rope Making, Tallow, (Jas Retorts, 
 Fire Clay, Furs, Hides, Lemon and Lime Juice, Guano, Wool, Oakum, and Jute, Ship's 
 Blocks and Junk, Blacksmith's Coal. 
 
 EXCISE DUTIES AND LICENSES. 
 
 The following are the Excise Duties ordered to be paid according to tlio " Licenses 
 Ordinance " of Miirch, 1807 :— 
 
 (") By each person vending spirituous or fermented Liquors, 
 by retail, for each House or Place in the Colony where such 
 vending is carried on, if in a Town of not less than fifty inhabi- 
 tants $100 for every 6 months. 
 
 (It) Where such retail vending is carried on in a Rural 
 District, not forming part of a Town §30 for every 6 months. 
 
 (<•) By each person not having a retail license as above, 
 and vending spirituous and fermented Liquors for wholesale, 
 that is to say, in quantities of not less than two gallons, for each 
 House or Place in the Colony $25 for every 6 months. 
 
 ('<) By each person keeping a Saloon or Building where a 
 Billiard 'J'ablc is used for hire or profit $5 for each table for 
 
 ('.') By each jjcrson keeping and letting for hire any Bow- [every 6 months, 
 
 ling Alley or Rifle Gallery, for each Bowling Alley or Rifle 
 Gallery .$5 for every mouths. 
 
 (/) By every person keeping a Dance House $100 for every 6 months. 
 
 (.'/) l^y every person selling Opium, except Chemists and 
 Druggists using the same in the preparation of prescriptions of 
 Medical practitioners §50 for every 6 months. 
 
 (A) For every person carrying on the business of a whole- ^ 
 sale or of a wholesale and a retail Merchant or Trader !^50 for every months. 
 
 For every retail Trader $5 for every C months. 
 
22 
 
 Tradf — the Tariff. 
 
 I person pnyi 
 to carry un 
 
 the 
 
 to change 
 
 uginaga 
 
 6 month*. 
 
 ; 8uoh two Inut montionod Liceniei to enable 
 
 ; hi8 pliK^e of iilxulo of biiyinotiit nt pluaHurc, but 
 
 I tho Raino tiiiio undur ono Lioenxc. 
 
 (i) lly every pernon not baring a Frco Minrr'i Certificate, 
 engaged in Mining for Oold, whether on bin own account or fur 
 
 hire, such |)ftyinent to include a Free Miner's Cortiticato $6 for 1 year. 
 
 yj) By every perdrjn owning a Pack Train of more than six 
 animals, Freight Waggon, iStnge Coach or Omnibus, used in 
 trannportirg goods for {irollt or hire a distance beyond 10 milot 
 from nny Town, and not paying a Mor<diiint')) or Trader's 
 License |5 for erery 
 
 2. liy every person owning a Pack Train of less than six 
 animals, Dray, Waggon or Omnibus, used in transporting goods 
 and passengers for profit or hire, within a distance often miles 
 from any Town, and not paying a Merchant's or Trader's 
 
 License $2.60 for every 6 months. 
 
 3. By every Livery Stable Keeper not paying Trading 
 
 License $10 for every 6 months. 
 
 4. By every person following tho calling of Cattlo Drover in 
 
 tho Colony shali pay $50 for every 6 months. 
 
 (k) Dy every person carrying on, on his own account, tho 
 
 business of a Banker, at ono place of business $400 for 1 year. 
 
 and for each other place of business in the Colony $10u for 1 year. 
 
 (/) By every jicrson practising as n, Barrister at Law, 
 Attorney at Law or Solicitor in tho said Colony $50 for 1 year. 
 
 (ill) By e^-ery jicrson following the occupation of Convey- 
 ancer or Land Agent, or both $25 for every 6 months. 
 
 (n) By every Auctioneer (not being a Government Officer 
 selling by auction Uovernment property) in addition to nny 
 other License in this ychedulo $50 for evoi-y 6 months. 
 
 And 1} per cent, on returns of sales, exclusive of sale of Ileal 
 Estate. 
 
 (o) By every person occupying nny Crown Lands, by 
 making liny erections thereon, and oovrying on any trade upon tho 
 same, in addition to the duties above charged, and for the use 
 of tho land so occupied by him $2.50 for every month. 
 
 Distillers must be licensed — fee $25 for ono year, and must pay as duty, $1 per 
 gallon, imperial measure, on spirits of every kind not exceeding the strength of proof of 
 j Sykcs' Hydrometer, and so in proportion for any greater strength. They must keep 
 I books open to innjjcction at all times, make sworn returns, and pay duties monthly. 
 
 XIV.— ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 
 
 The Vancouver Island lino of Electric Telegraph is owned by the California State 
 Telegraph Comj)nny. It connects with that Company's lino in AVashington Territory by 
 means of twenty miles of cable across the Straits of Fuca; th^n it diverges north and south, 
 running north to New Westminster, where it joins the Russian extennion of the Western 
 Union Telegraph Comj)nny, and south through Oregon to California, where it connects 
 with tho overland line oast. 
 Length of lino — 
 
 In Vancouver's Island 4 miles. 
 
 Cable under tho Straits 20 " 
 
 On tho mainland of British Columbia 800 " —824 miles. 
 
 XV.— MILITIA AND NAVAL AFFAIRS. 
 
 There is no Militia Law in British Columbia, but two Volunteer Rifle Companies 
 exist ; one in Victoria, tho other in New Westminster, officered as follows : 
 
 Victoria Covijxmi/ — Capt. B. W. Pearso, Lieut. Roscoe, Ensign Turner, Adjt. and 
 Lieut. Vinter, Surgeon J. W. Powell. 
 
 Kew Weatminnter Company — Capt. Pritchard, Lieut. Scott, Ensign Wolfondon. 
 
 The Government devotes $1,000 per annum to the support of this organization. 
 
 Esquimault, V. I., is the hcnd quarters of the Pacific Fleet, now consisting of II. M. 
 S. s. Zenloun, (iron clad) bearing the flag of Rear Admiral Hastings, C. B. ; H. M. Ships 
 Malarvii, Srout and Spurruwhawk, gun boots Forward and Grappler. 
 
 7'hc extent of p;s(jimault harbour is about 3 miles by 2 ; it is 6 to 8 fathoms deep, 
 with a blue clay bottom, can bo entered at any time, and is perfectly safe. The con- 
 struction of a Dry Dock there, suitable both for ships of war and merchant ships, is in 
 ; contomplution by tho Imperial Government. 
 
 iiffli 
 
Currtnrif — Bttnhn — Wrujhtt and Mmxurn. 
 
 89 
 
 orcpanieB 
 
 Ldjt. and 
 
 bn. 
 non. 
 
 f of II. M. 
 Jm. Ships 
 
 |Ti8 deep, 
 The con- 
 is, is in 
 
 XVI.— CIIRRKNCy. 
 
 The ordinnnoo rpf{iilatin(( the oiirrency of lli-itli*li Coliiniliia, proviilox tliiit tlio ])iib- 
 lie uui'oiintt* elinll liu kept in dolliirR nnd rcntM, amt thiiM dollno^ the viilne of variong roinx 
 Kxcopt fui to FinoH, ForfuitiireH, ItiitivH of CuH*oins, (told and Silver ('uina are our- 
 rent for and a \en»\ tender for the oiiiu net oppuoite to them, ax follow* : — 
 
 The Pound StiTlinff, or Hovorei,<{n $4 85 
 
 The Half Sov<'iei«n , 2 42J 
 
 The Crown ]>ic(:o I 25 
 
 The HaH Crown iticoo 62| 
 
 The Shilling 25 
 
 The Sixpence 
 
 The Threepenny piepo <• 
 
 The Ctold EokI-j of the U. S. of Amoriea. coined after Jan. 8th, 18:57. 10 
 
 The Twenty dollar piece, coined ufter the like date 20 
 
 The Five dollar piece, coined after the like date 5 
 
 The Two and a half dollar piece, coined after the like date 2 
 
 The Dollar <}old piece, coined after the like date 1 
 
 Tlie Silver Dollar piece 1 
 
 The Half Dollar (t 
 
 The Quarter Dollar 25 
 
 The Dime 10 
 
 Silver Coins are not lej^al tender to the amount of more than ten dollars. 
 But all Finei*, Fees, Forfciture.s, Duties of Custonl^', anil other the huium of money 
 payable to Ilor Majesty in Sterlinj^, due or leviable under the jirovisions of any Act (d" 
 the Imperial Parliament now or hereafter to becimio in force in the colony, or of any 
 Proclamation, Ordinance or Act now in force in the colony, are to be levicil, asscci'cd and 
 Oollocted according to the following scale of conversion, that is to say : — 
 
 In lieu of one Half-Penny Sterling $0 01 
 
 " One Penny 02 
 
 One Shilling, or one Sliilling and a half-penny 25 
 
 Two Shillings, or two Shilling:-; and a ))onny 50 
 
 Four Shillings or four Shillings and two pence 1 00 
 
 " Six Shillings, or six Shillings and three pence I 50 
 
 " Eigi.t Shillings, or eight shillings and four ])encc 2 00 
 
 And 80 on in like proportion ; and in Tcu of the i'ouud Sterling 5 00 
 
 I2i 
 
 00 
 
 tio 
 
 00 
 00 
 50 
 00 
 00 
 50 
 
 « 
 
 XVII.— BANKS. 
 
 The Banks established in British Columbia are the Bank of British North Amorioa 
 and the Bank of British Columbia. They both make quarterly statements to the 
 Government. 
 
 Wells, Fargo A Co. also carry on a privcto banking business, in connection with 
 their Express agencies. | 
 
 The figures respecting the two public banks for the quarter ended 30th June, 1807, I 
 are : — 
 
 Bank of B. N. America 
 
 Bank of British Columbia. 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 'S 
 
 $1,490,000 
 
 .S .2 
 
 tn e3 
 O o 
 
 
 $145,l7l!$335,800| 
 80,569| 151,2391 
 
 ■*A 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 ki 
 
 bts 
 
 .1^ 
 
 its. 
 rin 
 
 3t, 
 
 a. ■" 
 
 K c3 m 
 
 ® be 
 
 O u h 
 
 §-.£■ 
 
 S-^iS 
 
 fiS a"S.2 
 
 S >^ 
 
 » 
 
 $96,709 $298,211 
 
 56,747 
 
 56,304 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 © 
 
 $314,555 
 496,050 
 
 $?I25,740;$487,039 $153,45Hi$354,515; $810,605 
 
 XVIII.— WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 The weights and measures of Iler Majesty's Exchequer in England arc made the 
 standards of British Columbia, by Ordinance No. 14, 1867. 
 
 Inspectors are appointed who stamp all weights ard measures brought to them. 
 Fee 20 cents for each weight or measure so stamped. They may visit all shoj s, and 
 conliseato all false weights or measures. No weights of lead or pewter can bo stamped, 
 nor those containing any lead or pewter, uulo'ss wholly cased with brass, copper or iron. 
 Penalty for possessing false or unlawful weights or measures, $100 ; for using them 
 with intent to defraud, $1,000. 
 
24 
 
 Education — Postal Affairs. 
 
 «i 1' 
 
 ! XIX.— EDUCa'TION. 
 
 I 
 
 I Education has boon thi- subject of great nttontion in Vancouver Islnn-I, and while 
 
 I the country was t^tiil unJer tlic control of the llndtfon's Bay Company, a very j^ood fiysiom 
 of District iSchooln was inaugurated. In iiddition to which the Roman Catholic Church 
 established in 1858-9 some very eflicicnt schools, both for girls and boys. The Episcoiinl 
 Church has since established a Collegiate school for boys, and a Ladies' College, which 
 do much to exalt the educational ndvnntngts of the Colony. The " Common School 
 Act " was passed by the Legislature in LStiJ, making all public sehoula non-dcncmiua- 
 tional and tree. 
 
 The chief provisions of this Act are these : — 
 
 The {icv.'iuor njnioints nine or more persons, a General Board of Education. 
 
 Cori)orji( iiiul all .School Property shall be vested in such General Board. 
 
 To mec ( Icasi once a month. 
 
 There i.~ a Si!(ier:nt('ndcn^ of Edueation, appointed from year to year, at asalarvof 
 fifteen hundred dollars per annum, who is <:r 'ijjicio Secretary of the Board. 
 
 The Board establishes School Districts in the said Colony, prescribes sucli course of 
 Education and Discijiline, and selects and prescribes for use in each District ;^c!i( ol, 
 such books as they may think best, and authorizes the pu.-chase and distribution ther-'of. 
 
 The Governor appoints such persona as ho thinks fit to be Teachers of Common 
 Schools. 
 
 The Governor also appoitits Local Boards of Education, of not less than tliree 
 persons in anj School District, with })Ower and :v,:thority to visit and report on the state 
 of the Schools within its District for tlic information and guidance of the Generti! Board. 
 
 The Superintendent of Education visit" the Common Schools and reports thereon, 
 by the Order and according to the Instruciions of the General Board. 
 
 All Schools established under the provisions of the Act, must be conducted strictly 
 upon Non-Sectarian ;>rinciples. Books inculcating the highest morality are to be 
 pclectad lor the use of such Schools, and all booKs of a Iteligioua character, teaching 
 Denominational Dogmas, are to bo strictly excluded therefrom. 
 
 It is lawful for the Clergy of every Denomination at statcil intervals, to be fixed by 
 the General Board cf Education, to visit such Schools and impar* in a separate roo.u 
 religious instruction to the children of their re.-pcctive persuasions. 
 
 Every Commor. School shall be open to the children of persons of al! denominations; 
 the power of OApuIsion in eases of gross misconduct shall bo at the discretion of the 
 Board of Education, or in the absence of such Local Board at tho discretion of the 
 teacher. 
 
 Tho members of the Board of Education under the above Act are : — 
 
 J. \V. Powell, M. D., Chairman, 
 W. F. Tolmie, M. D., 
 Hon. D. Cameron, 
 
 lion. J. McDonald, 
 Lumly Franklin, 
 Thos. Trounce. 
 
 Hon. I. L. Wood, 
 F. Gareschd, 
 D. W. Diggings, 
 
 The following is an abstract of the official roj)ort of the Superintendent, Mr. Alfred 
 Waddington j it will eorvoy some idea of tho importance of thost newly established 
 Schools : 
 
 " ('(Kitmon Schools. — In ViotoriaCity, 2, Victoria District, 3 ; Esquimault Lake, South 
 Saawieh, Cowichan and Nanaimo Districts, 1 each; total 10, All non-sectional teachers, 
 11. Scholars, 237 males, 107 females, total 404. Salaries paid by Government, 
 including $1,600 to Superintendent of Education, $9,840, total expenditure, $27.28 per 
 hoad=$ll:022. 
 
 " Private Svhooh. — 1- Collegiate, Church of England ; 1 Ladies' College, do, ; 2 
 Roman Catholic and 8 Piotustant Schools, all in Victoria. Pupils, 141 n.ales, 278 
 females ; total, 419." 
 
 On iho mainland education has not received so largo a share of public attention, 
 because the necessities have not been so great, but besides tho ])rivato schools ,it jircsent 
 existing, wherever there is a want, assistance is readily obtained from the Government 
 to meet it, 
 
 Tlic ajipropriation made by Government for Educational purposes for 1807 
 $10,000. 
 
 18 
 
 XX,— POSTAL AFFAIRS. 
 
 Tho General Post OfTicc for British Columbia is at New Westminster. 
 
 Postmnster Oencral — Hon. A. J. Bushby. 
 
 The following are the established rates of postage : — 
 
 1, For every letter to a..d from British Columbia and Vancouver's Island and 
 delivered at Victoria or New Westminster and not exceeding ^ an ouneo $0.06 
 
 For each additioaal j oz. or fractional excess 0,06 
 
 On every newspaper 0,02 
 
 I On all letters arriviDK fiom any other plaoo than Vancouver's Island delivered at 
 
 I New Westminster, the said rate shall be levied in addition to foreign 2)08tago. 
 
Postal Affairs — Patents — Public Officers. 
 
 25 
 
 ;o,Soi'th 
 
 touchers, 
 
 'iiimont, 
 
 '.28 per 
 
 do. ; 
 
 lies, 278 
 
 1807 is 
 
 nd and 
 ,...$0.06 
 ... 0.00 
 ... 0.02 
 crod at 
 
 2. For every letter tran.sinittod from a Post Office at any ono place iu the colony to a 
 Post Office at any other place in the colony : 
 
 For 5 oz. or fractional part thereof. $0.10 
 
 For every single newspaper 0.10 
 
 The government .steamer Sir Juiiii-h houi/lnn is at ])rescnt engaged in carrying tho 
 mails between V'ictoria and the settlements on the const of Vancouver Island. 
 
 One of thu California Steam Navigation Co. steamers is subsidized to convoy the 
 maii.t to and f-oai San Francisco. 
 
 The following arc the Post Offices and Postmasters in British Columbia : — 
 
 On the Mainland . 
 Name P. 0. Prstni aster. 
 
 Ashcroft E. S. Cornwall. 
 
 Douglas v.. White, 
 
 Fort Shepherd .John .Jane. 
 
 Frencix Creek John White. 
 
 Hope A. S. Hall. 
 
 K'Jotenay J. Normansell. 
 
 Lake Lallochc W. Anderson. 
 
 Lillooett T. II. Sharwood. 
 
 Lvtton II. IJ. (luerra. 
 
 I Name P. 0. Postmastei*. 
 
 'Soda Crook J. T. Sonay. 
 
 Victoria (J. S. F-vans. 
 
 |Williams Creek J. Bowion. 
 
 iYale L. Agiissiz. 
 
 I On Vanrouver Inland. 
 
 jVictoria (chief Post Of- 
 
 ! fice on tho Island) Henry •'''ootton. 
 
 Chcniaiiuia (}co. Askew, Act'g. 
 
 C(!ma.\ Ili.ldcrA Hart.Actg. 
 
 '^owichan Samuel Harris " 
 
 New Westminster Hon. A. J. Bu.ahby. Esquimault... H. K. Wilby, " 
 
 Quesnelsmouth F. Trev(;r. Maple Bay William IJeaumont, 
 
 Richfield J.Bowman. | Acting. 
 
 Savana's Ferry C. Warren. Nanaimo A. Mayer, Acting. 
 
 Seymour A. R. Milne. I 
 
 XXI.— PATENTS. 
 
 at no 
 
 s tho 
 
 Tho Patent Law of British Columbia (Ordinance No. 17, 1864,) provides tha 
 applications for an exclusive privilege oliall be received by the (iovernor unless uuu 
 same shall have been first enquired into by tho Attorney General, and a certilieato 
 obtained that the invention is new i.nd useful. 
 
 It docs not appear that any patents have yot been taken out. 
 
 XXII.— PUBLIC OFFICERS. 
 
 Briti.:h Columbia and Vancouver Island were, until 1800, two ecparato Colonies ; 
 the former under the governcuship of Frederick Seymour, with a iiOgislativo Council, 
 (as Crown Colonies are usually governed,) the hotter under the governorship of Arthur 
 E. Kennedy, C. B., with a Representative Assembly, and a LegislollvJ Council. 
 
 Tho Roll of British Columbia Councillors, previous "o tho Act of Union, was as 
 under : — 
 
 Colonial Secretary, and Presiding Mombor... Arthur N. Birch, 
 
 Attorney General Henry P. Pcllew Crease, 
 
 Treasurer Charles Williaui Franks, 
 
 Collector of Customs Wymond Ogilvy llamley, 
 
 Magistrate, New Westminster Chartres Brew, 
 
 Do. Cariboo Peter O'Roilly, 
 
 Do. Lytton Henry Maynard Ball, 
 
 Do. Lillooett ,. Andrew Charles Elliott, 
 
 Do. Osoyoos and Kootenay John Carmichael Hayncs, 
 
 .""'ew Westminster District Joshua A. Reynolds Homer, 
 
 Douglas ami Lillooet District Henry Holbrook, 
 
 Hope, Yale, and Lytton District Clement Francis Cornwall, 
 
 Cariboo East and Q'lesnol Forks District Gooigo Anthony Walkom, 
 
 Cariboo West and Quesnclmouth District Walter Moberly. 
 
 Vancouver Island had a rcprcsentativo Assembly, composed as follows : — 
 
 Speaker J. S. Hclmcken, 
 
 Dr. Powell, 
 
 Lake District Jas. Duncan, 
 
 Saanich District J. J. Cochrane, 
 
 J. S. Helmeken, 
 
 V-t-'^ City j ^- IJ«g'™' jMetchosin District.. { ^ ^^.„^ 
 
 Victoria District., 
 
 Capt. St imp, 
 ( Dr. Tolinio, 
 . \ Dr. Trimble, 
 t Dr. Dickson, 
 
 Salt Spring District. ..J. T. PidwoU, 
 JEsquimault District.. ..J. J. Southgato, 
 
 iSooko District J. Carswoll, 
 
 'Nanaimo District J. Cunningham. 
 
 Tho Legislative Council was composed of — 
 
 President Hon Chief Justice Acting Surveyor Gonl. lion. Mr. Poarso, 
 
 Ncedham, jTroasurer Hon. Mr. Watson, 
 
 Acting Atty. Qcnoral..IIon. Mi Wood, jColoniftl Secretary Hon. W. A. G. Young. 
 
26 
 
 Public Officers. 
 
 The present Public Officers of the United Colonies are :— 
 
 KXECUTIVE COUXCIL. 
 
 Governor Frederick Seymour, [Chief Com. of Lands 
 
 Colonial Secretary Absent, (acting W. A. j and VV^orks Joseph W. Trutch, 
 
 G. Young,) iCollector of Cu«toins...VV. 1). Hamley, 
 
 Attorney General H. P. P. Crease, iClerk to Council Tho Col. Hoc. ex nj/icio, 
 
 Treasurer Vacant, | 
 
 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. 
 
 Colonial Secretary A. N. Birch, Pred't., 
 
 Attorney General H. P. P. Crcuse, 
 
 Solicitor General T. L. Wood, 
 
 Treasurer Vacant, 
 
 Surveyor General J. W. Trutch, 
 
 Collector of Custom?. ..W. D. Uamly, 
 Stipendiary Magis- 
 trates for Columbia. .P. O'Heilly, 
 
 Do. Cariboo H. M. Ball, 
 
 Do. Lillooet ....E. H. Sanders, 
 Do. Big Bond.. »V. G. Cox, 
 MayorofVictoria,V.I.W. J. MacDonald, 
 Sty. Mg. forNanaimcW. H. Franklin, 
 
 Victoria City.. Amor DeCasmop, 
 do. .. J. S. Hclmcken, 
 
 ]>istrict- 
 
 Nanaimo 
 
 Lillooet 
 
 Cariboo 
 
 Big Bend and 
 Kootcnay.... R. T. Smith, 
 
 t 
 
 Q> 
 
 >-, 
 
 
 s 
 
 P~ 
 
 Jq 
 
 
 o 
 "A 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 C 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 
 -a 
 
 
 > 
 
 01 
 
 t»^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Hi o 
 
 B 
 a 
 
 
 s 
 
 d 
 
 -a 
 
 J. D. Pcinbcrton, 
 J. J. Soiithgate, 
 E. Stamp, 
 G. A. Walkom, 
 
 Ap))ointe() member lion. R. Finlayson, 
 
 Do Hon. D. Eraser. 
 
 Cf. In of Police, N.W.Chastres Brew, J. P. 
 M.tg4strates P. 0. lleiliy, Col., J. P. 
 
 Do. II. M. Ball, Car., J. P. 
 
 Do E. II. Sander, Lil., J. P. 
 
 Do W. U. Cox, J. P. 
 
 Unofficial Mevihers. 
 
 Now Westminster J. Robson, 
 
 Yale and Lytton F. J. Barnard, 
 
 Do. ■ W. J. Macdoni.lJ, 
 
 Victoria City J. S. Helmcken, 
 
 Do. A. DeCosmos, 
 
 Victoria District J. D. Pemberton, 
 
 Do. J. Southgate, 
 
 iLillooett E. Stamp, 
 
 Cariboo East G. A. Walkem, 
 
 iColumbift&Kootenay.R. T. Smith 
 
 IClork to Couroil Charles Good, (£120,) 
 
 I 
 
 CIVIL kst.vulishmknt. 
 
 eovKRNon'B office. 1 customs' department. 
 
 Governor F. Seymour, £4,00(),jcollector W. D. llamlev, .£650, 
 
 , ""'' -^l.UOO trav. aMchief Clerk W. H. McCrea, .£.{70, 
 
 Private Secretary D. C. Maunscll, .£350.iciork C. S. Finlaison, £:iOO, 
 
 Colonial Secretary \.N. Birch, .£800, ((m D^py. (^^,x, s. Bay J. C. Hayncs, .£;{50 
 
 leave,) W. A. G. Kevenue Oflicor C. S. Wyldc, .£350, 
 
 i^iiuig, acting, ^ 
 
 Asst. Colonial Secy.. ..Charles Good, .£400, 
 Clerk John Connell, .£.S00, 
 
 Do. 
 
 J. J. Young, .£250. 
 
 1st Landing Waiter. ...George Fry, .£300. 
 
 KKGISTRAR Ol.NERAL. 
 
 Registrar General A. T. Bushby, £500, 
 
 tueasurer's 
 Treasurer 
 
 government printing department, 
 attached to colonial secretary's office.! 
 
 Superintendent R. Wulfendcn, ,£250, 
 
 Printer G. Williams, ,£180, 
 
 Do Robcr Butler, .£18i\ 
 
 Messenger...., W. Fra.'Hin, .£150. 
 
 DEPARTMENT. 
 
 .£750, (vacant) 
 
 Actg. Chief Clerk J. Graham, 
 
 Clerk A. Calder, £300, 
 
 Do W. C.Berkeley, .£250. 
 
 ASSAY AND REFINERY' OFFICE. 
 
 Supt. of Assay F. Claudot, £475, 
 
 Chief Melter W. Hitchcock, .£300. 
 
 AUDIT OFFICE. 
 
 Auditor General Robert Ker, £500, 
 
 Clerk T. R. Holmes, £300. 
 
 COM. OF r.ANDS AND SURVEYOR GENERAL. 
 
 Chief Coinmi8sioner....J. W. Trutch, ,£H00. 
 Assistant Surveyor.. ..B. AV. Pcarse, ,£400, 
 1ft Clerk A. R. Ilowse, £250, 
 
 Do. Deeds Vic.E. G. Alston, £400. 
 
 HARBOUR MASTER. 
 
 Harbour Master James Cooper, .£370, 
 
 MastorofLight-Ship..J. Jolly, £217 Ss. 6d. 
 Two Seamen.... At .£98 10s. Od. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Postmaster General.. ..A. J. Bunhby, 
 
 Do. (Victoria)II. W.iotton, .£300, 
 Sorter V. Tait, .£155. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. 
 
 Clerk Charles Good, .£120. 
 
 JUDICIAL. 
 
 T , ~„ r, . fM. B. Begbie,. £1,200, 
 
 Judges of Sup. Crt. ^ y t., ,," ,•■ onn 
 * ' [J. Needham, .£1,200. 
 
 Acting Registrar C. E. Pooley, .L300. 
 
 J ATTORNEY GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 {Attorney General H. P. P. Crease, .£500. 
 
 IClerk. 
 
 £250. 
 
 POLICE, NEW WESTMINSTER AND DOUGLAS. 
 
 Police Magistrate C. Brow, .£500, 
 
 2nd Clerk J. V. Woolsey,£250, jliigh Constable T. Brew, .£200, 
 
 Draughtsman J. B. Lanndor.s, .£250,1 Toll Col. at Douglas. .R. White, £220, 
 
 In. of Steam Ves9els..T. Westgarth, fees. JThroo Constables At £144 each. 
 
.£500, 
 .£■100. 
 
 £370, 
 8s. 6d. 
 
 id. 
 
 £300, 
 
 .C120. 
 
 .£1,200, 
 £1,200. 
 .L300. 
 
 KNT. 
 
 io,.£500. 
 0. 
 
 lUGLAS. 
 0, 
 
 0, 
 20, 
 
 Public Officers. 
 
 27 
 
 OAOL. 
 
 C. J. Prichnrd, 
 
 I ECCLESJASTICAT,. 
 
 .£250' Bishop Rt. Rv. G. Hills, D. D. 
 
 Warden 
 
 Two Gaolers At £144 eaf^h, Archdeacon (Vacant,) 
 
 Medical Attendant W. Jones, M. D.,.£100. Roctor of New Wo8'r..Rev. — llaynan, 
 
 GOLD COM. AND STIPKNDIARY MA0I9TRATKS. ;HaUllot of Sapporton, 
 
 „ ., „ N. W Rev. — Hayman, 
 
 Cariboo East. \-^^^^ 
 
 Asjistant Gold Coin....H. M. Ball, .£700, 'Lytton Rev. J. B. Good, 
 
 Clerk W.M. Cochrane, £400 Hope (Vacant,) 
 
 Chief Constable W. II. Fitzgerald, £400 Lillooett (Vacant,) 
 
 Constable .£300, Cariboo (Vacant,) 
 
 Do J. II. Sullivan, .£300. Big Bend (Vacant,) 
 
 Kootcwi/, ini-ludintj Ohoojiooh, Fort .S'AryjAeri, ^ootonay (Vacant.) 
 
 and thii liiij lieiiil of Cnhimhia. 
 
 Gold Commissioner P. O'Reilly, J.P. £800, 
 
 (absent,) 
 
 Clerk John AVhitc, .£400, 
 
 Chief Con. Kootenay..J. Normansell, .£350, 
 Ch. Con. rortShep'd..J. Jane, .£280, 
 
 Chief Constnble \V. II. Lowe, .£250, 
 
 Con. at Big Bend A. Vowell, £300. 
 
 Vnle, Hope, and Lyttan. 
 
 Assistant Gold Com. ...P. O'Reilly, .£500, 
 Chief Con,«tiible .£250, 
 
 VICTORTA . 
 
 'Dean Rev. 
 
 Ch. Ch Rev. 
 
 St. John.s Rev. 
 
 Esquimau Rev. 
 
 Nanai?no Rev. 
 
 E. Cridgo, 
 G. Raymond, 
 C. J. Woods, 
 A. C. Garrett, 
 P. Innes, 
 Cowichan Rev. S. W. Reece. 
 
 Constable at Vale E. Coffee, ,£200. 
 
 Constable at Lytton... .A. S. Hall, .£192, 
 Toll Collector at Yale..C. E. Pope, £240, 
 
 LiUooctt. 
 
 Magistrate Victoria..A. F. Pemborton, £450, 
 
 Clerk .£200, 
 
 ;lst Scrgt. Police .£188, 
 
 '3 Constables' At 7s. 
 
 day. 
 
 G^i 
 
 Assistant Gold Com....E. 
 
 Chief Constable J. 
 
 Constable W 
 
 Toll Colloctor,Clinton.J. 
 
 Gaoler £190, 
 
 Assist. Gaoler .£150, 
 
 H. Sanders, £500,'Supt. Convicts £190, 
 
 Sharwood, .£240, 2 (Guards £130 each, 
 
 Evans, .£192, j2 Hoor guards i Cook.. £1 12 each, 
 Brown, .£206. iMedical OlUccr £125. 
 
 XXIII.— CONSULS. 
 
 The Foreign Consuls resident in British Columbia are — 
 
 France Mend Prosper Victoria, V. I. 
 
 Sandwich Islands Hon. Henry Rhodes do. 
 
 United States Hon. Allen Francis do. 
 
 XXIV.— LEGAL AFFAIRS— REGISTRY OFFICES. 
 
 The provisions of the " Legal Profession!-; Act " are : — 
 
 Persons desiring to bo enrolled as Barristcri-, and admitted to practice, must bo 
 subjects of the British Crown, of full age, good conduct and repute : — 
 
 (1,) Who shall havo boon ihilv ciilled ami iidmittoil to practise hs UarriHterH at law or Advocates in pny o 
 Hor Mnjostv's Sn|'«riiir Courts (not having inorel.v local jiirisiliotinii) in Kngland or Ireland ; or 
 
 (2.) Who 8liall have Imen duly called and adinitteil to practise as a Harrlster at l.i\w. in anv of the Superior 
 Courtf of Law (not havinfr mi"ol>- local .jurisdiction ) in any of Ucr Majesty's Colonies wherein tlie Common Law 
 nf KuKland is the (Common Law of the land, and who. if appl\ini; after the estahlishment of examinations fur 
 admissin hut not h'foro, shall have passed such e.xamination in the laws and practice of the Colony, as shall bo 
 hereafter loirally extnblishud ; or 
 
 (,'{,) Who Mhall have been au dtily called and admitted to praotiso oa an Advocate iu the Court of Sassion in 
 Scotland, or 
 
 ( t.) Who .sliall have boon duly called and admitted to the De^reo of U wlor of Civil Law, at any University, 
 In EnKlanil. .'^lotland. cir Ireland, or 
 
 (!t.) Who .'(hull have been iuslrnuted within tile Colony, in the knowledge and practice of Law, and duly 
 qnnliflod to be called to the liar, under and subject to such regulatiuus aa may huruaftar bo from time to timo 
 legally establisi'.ed in that bidialf. 
 
 Briti-^ih Columbia is divided into districts, under the oaro of Resident Stipendiary 
 Magistrate.", wlio discharge the duties of County Court Judges, Assistant Commi.-isionor 
 of Lands an(l Works, Assistant Commi-ssioners, and are iu fact the general agents of the 
 Govornmont. 
 
 By the Registry Act, (No. 8, 1861,) a " Land Registry Office " is established at Now 
 Westtuinstcr, witii " Distiict Land Registry Ollices " in other places, under the supor- 
 intondence of the Registrar General. 
 
 The olUuers aro paid by salaries, viz : $2,500 to tho Registrar General, and $1,500 
 
28 
 
 Legal Affairs — Registry Offices. 
 
 liil 
 
 to tho Deputy and Registrars, and the following foes are coUoctod and paid over to tbo 
 Crown : — 
 
 For takinj tlio ackniwItMlRmont of any Inatrnment for ouch signature, if more tlisn ono. Four SliilliiiKS ; if 
 only one siKn:iture, KikIk Sliilli'ign ; for lulininiaterini; an oath, Four iiliilliiit;s ; for ondorsiiiK the tiniu of 
 depositir.g any iiistniiiiuiit, 'i"wo Miiillin);^ ; for rejtisturinx any instrument, for every Folio o''onc humlred worila, 
 Tlireo Sliillirig4 : for mukini? in the indices tlie several entries of instruments reKistered. for every nucli instru- 
 ment, T«(> i^hiliings and .Sixpuncj ; for the use of tlie Keeorda, for inaiicotion and examination by persona 
 desiring to inspeet the same, for every sueli iuspeetion ami examination at one time, One jliilling ; for making 
 oortitied copies of all inalrumenta, of record in the otBeu. tlio same fees as for registering; for every subpcena. 
 Four Shillings; for every olheial certitiuato, Four Shilliiii;s; for registering plans, maps, charts, snrveya, 
 diagrams, achedulea, drawings, and other writings, matters, and tilings not herein onnmcraied and mentioned, 
 ami for making certilicd copies of any such, and for making searches, and for all other services not herein 
 speciltoil to he reailered by the Uagistrars, such fees to be charged, as mav bo agreed noon between them and tho 
 party reipiiring the performaneu of tlie same, and in case of dilfereuce tlio fees to be determined under the direc- 
 tion of the Juilge of tho Supreme Court, whose decision sliall bo tinal ; for persons not connected » ith tho Ofllco 
 making for themselves transcripts or extracts from the records, no charge, but the making of such transcripts and 
 extracts to be allowed only aabject to such ruljs as ahull bu establised by the llcgistrar General aforesaid. 
 
 XXV.— THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 Tho Ordinance No. 31, 18(57, tc'spcctin;? Practitioners in Mcdicino and Snrpfory, 
 empowers the Governor t" ap])oint a Rcgititrar of Medical Practitioners. Cost of 
 Registry, $10. 
 
 Unless rcgstcrod, no Medical Practitioner can recover any charge for medical or 
 surgical advice or attendance or operation, or lor medicine ; but this is not to affect 
 Di-ntists or full j)ay Medical Officers in II. M. Service. Penalty for assuming the title 
 of Doctor, Pliysician, <S:c., implying registry, falsely, $100. 
 
 Tho qtialilieations required, before rcgistr}', is — 
 
 " Tho po.'isession of a diploma, license or ])rivilego to practise Medicine or Surgery 
 " from jiny Scliool, College, Society or Faculty of Medicine or Surgery, either in tho 
 " United Kingdom or in a F"oreign Country, such iScliool, College, Society or Faculty 
 " roquiring a compulsory course of study extending over not loss than three years." 
 
 GOLD MIjNING law. 
 
 AN oi;d:.vaxce to amend the laws eelatinq to gold mixing. 
 
 [British Columbia.— 3Q Vic, No. 34, 2nd April, lnC7.] 
 
 ^V'lIEREAS it is expedient to amend and assimilate tho Laws relating to Gold 
 ▼ f Mining fn this Colony ; 
 
 Re it ena(rted by tho Governor of Rritish Columbia, with tho advice and consent of 
 tho Legislative Council thereof, as follows ; 
 
 I. From and after the passing of this Ordinance " Tho Gold Mining Ordinance, 
 1865," and the Procliiniatioii;., Pules, and Regulations, and Ordinance.*, repealed 
 thereby, are liereby re})caled ; proviued however tha such repeal shall not in any 
 manner all'ecf iiuy rights acquired, or any liabilities or pcnaliies incurred thereunder, 
 or any remedies or punishments prescribed thereby, but such remedies and punishments 
 may still for tiie purposes of such enforcement, but not further or otherwise, be available 
 and capable of imposition. 
 
 II. In tlio construction of this Ordinance tho following expressions shall have the 
 following interpretations respectively, uu'ess there bo something inconsistent or 
 re])ugnant thereto in tho context. 
 
 The words " Her Majesty " or " Tho Crown " shall moan Her Majesty, Her Heirs 
 and Successors. 
 
 The word "Governor" shall mean and include any person administering the 
 Government of this Colony, 
 
 " Gold Commissioners " shall include Chief Gold Commissionor, Assistant Gold 
 Commissioners and others lawfully acting as Gold Commissionois, either under special 
 authority or the authority of this (^)rdinance. 
 
 Tho word "Mine " shall mean any locality in which any vein, stratum,, or natural 
 bed of aiiriferoii.^ ?arth or rock shall be mined; and the verb "to mine" shall include 
 any mode or method whatsoever of working tho same for tho purpose of obtaining gold 
 therefrom. 
 
 Tho word "Claim" shall moan tho personal right of property or interest in any 
 mine ; and in the term " Mining Property " shall be included every claim, mine, ditch, 
 or water ])rivilego used for mining purposes, and all other matters and things thereto 
 belonging, or used in tho working thereof. 
 
 " Bar Diggings " shall mean every uiino over which a river extends when in its 
 flooded state. 
 
Gold Mining Law. 
 
 29 
 
 Mit Gold 
 special 
 
 natural 
 
 includo 
 
 |ing gold 
 
 in any 
 
 [o, ditch, 
 
 thoroto 
 
 In m 
 
 its 1 
 
 •'Dry Diggings" shall moan any mino over which a rivor never extends. 
 
 The mines or benches hIuiU bo known as " Bench Diggings," and shall for the 
 purpose of ascertaining the size of claims tlicroin bo excepted out of the class of " Dry 
 Diggings." 
 
 " I'^treams and Ravines " shall includo wator-coursos, whether usually containing 
 water or not, and all rivers, crecl<s, and gulches. 
 
 " Hill Claims " sliall include all claims located on the surface of any hill. 
 
 "Ditch" shall include a llumo or race, or other artificial mc ana for conducting 
 water by its own weight, to be used for mining purposes. 
 
 " Ditch Head " shall moan tho point in a natural wator-courso or lake where water 
 is first taken into a ditcii. 
 
 " Free Miner " shall mean a person named in, and lawfully possessed of a valid 
 existing Free Miner's Certificate, and no other. And words in tho singular number 
 shall include the plural, and tho masculine gender shall include the feminine gender. 
 
 The words "Record," "Register," and "Registration," as hereinafter used shall 
 be synonymous. 
 
 III. This Ordinance shall be divided into Twelve Parts : — 
 
 The First Part relating to tho Appointment of Gold Commissioner,'-- and thoir Juris- 
 diction ; 
 
 The Second Part to Free Miners and thoir Privileges ; 
 
 The Third Part to tho Registration of Claims and Free Minors' General Rights; 
 
 The Fourth Part to the Nature and Size of Claims ; 
 
 The Fifth Part to Bed-Rock Flumes ; 
 
 The Sixth Part to the Drainage of Mines; 
 
 Tho Seventh Part to Mining Partnerships and Limited Liability • 
 
 The Kiglith Part to Atlmini.«tration ; 
 
 Th(! Ninth Part to Leases ; 
 
 The Tenth Part to Ditches ; 
 
 The Eleventh Part to Mining Boards and their Constitution ; 
 
 The Tv'clfth Part to the Penal and Saving Clauses. 
 
 PAKT I. — APPOINTMENT OF GOLD C0.MMISSI0NFR8 AND TIIF.IR JURIS OICTIOIT. 
 
 ly . The Governor may from time to time appoint such persons as ho shall think 
 proper to be Chief Gold Commissioner and Gold Commissioners either for tho whole 
 Colony, or for any particular districts therein, and from time to time in like manner fix 
 and vary the limits of and subdivide such districts, and make and revoke all such 
 apj)ointuicnts. i 
 
 V. AVithin every such district or districts there shall be a Court to be called tho j 
 " Mining Court," in which the Gold Commissioner of tho district shall preside as Judge I 
 thereof. i 
 
 VI. Such "Mining Court" shall have original jurisdiction as a Court of Law and I 
 Equity, to hear and determine all mining disputes arising within its district, and shall i 
 be a Court of Record with a sj)ecific Seal ; and in determining suits or actions brought i 
 therein tho Gold Commissioner may render such judgment, or make such order or decree, , 
 as he shi.U deem just, and for the jturposcs thereof and for enforcing tho same he shall i 
 have and exercise, save as hereinafter excepted, the same powers an<l authority loi^al : 
 and equitable as are now exercised in the Supreme Court of Civil Justice of British : 
 Columbia, by any Judge thereo'". Provided, however, that the (Jold Commissioner shall \ 
 if desired by both j)artics to a cause in cases of liquidated damages, or if desired by 
 either party to a cause in case of unliquidated damages, summon a Jury of from three 
 to five Free Minors to assess the amount of such damages. \ 
 
 VII. No prescribed forms shall bo necessary, provided that the substance of tho | 
 matter complained of bo properly expros.-iod in writing aid embodied in a summons to i 
 be issued from the Court, and served on the opposite party, or as may bo directed, and | 
 such summons may by leave of the Gold Commissioner bo amended, if requisite, by \ 
 cither party up( n such terms as ho may impose, and tho sum of Ten Dollars shall bo | 
 charged for every Summons so issued. i 
 
 VIII. Where disputes arise concerning mining property, portions whereof aro j 
 situated in adjoining or different districts, the Gold Commissioners of cither of such i 
 districts before whom the dispute is first brought shall determine it. ; 
 
 IX. The Gold Commissioner may, in cases of disputed boundaries or measurements, 
 employ a Surveyor to mark and define the same, and cause the reasonable expense I 
 thereof to be paid by either or both of the parties interested therein. 
 
 X. lie shall also have the power to lay over any or all claims within his district, 
 for such period and under such (rirciimstanccs as he may think j)roper. 
 
 XI. Ho shall have ])ower to order any mining works to be so carried on as to ensure 
 tho safety of the jtublic. or protect the interests of claim holders or bed-rock drains ; 
 and any abandoned works may by his order be either filled up or guarded to his satis- 
 faction, at tho cost of the parties who may have constructed tho same, or in their 
 absence then upon such terms as ho shall doom expedient. 
 
30 
 
 Gold Mining Law, 
 
 XII. It fihall be lawful for him, upcn being so requested, to mark out for bu8<iiCB8 
 purjt.ihcc or jjiirdt-nf, on or near any iiiinirijj; grcjund, a plot of (ground of fiiii'li size as ho 
 •■hall dci'in advisable ; subject, liowevi-r, to all the existing rights ol l'"rc'i' Miners then 
 lawfully holding such mining ground, and their assignees. And any building erected, 
 or inijirovenients made thereon for any such purjioscs, shall in every such ease be erected 
 and made at the risk of the persons erecting and making the same ; and tiioy shall not 
 be entitled to any compensation for damage done thereto by sueh Free Miners so entitled 
 in working their claims luindjidc. 
 
 XIII. It shall be lawful for him, upon being so requested, to mark out for business 
 
 fiurposes or gardens, on or near any mining ground not jireviously jire-cmpted, a jdot of 
 and of such size as he shall deem advisable, to be held subject to all the rigli'i^ of Free 
 Miners to enter upon and use sueh lands for mining j)urpoges, upon reasonable notice to 
 quit being given to the occupier, such notice to be subject to the ajiproval of the Gold 
 Commissioner; and further upon the ])aymcnt of duo compensation for any crops 
 thereon, !nid for the buildings and improvements erected on such jilots j such compen- 
 sation to bo assessed by the tJold Commissioner ))rcviou8 to entry, with or without a jury 
 of not less than three. 
 
 A monthly rent of Five Dollars shall in every such case be poyablo by the grantees 
 of such plot, or their assignees, to the (J(.ld Commissioner. 
 
 XIV. Any Judge of the Supreme Court of Civil Justice of Ilritish Columbia may, 
 with the advice and consent of the (k.ld Commissioner of any ])nrtieular district, from 
 time to time make, repeal, and alter any rules or icgulations for the conduct of the 
 business before such (Jold Con)missionor, and for the costs incident thereto. 
 
 XV. AVhero any mining cause, wherein the sum of damages sought to bo rec( vcrcd 
 shall bo less than Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars, is lirought in the tirst instnn'-e before 
 the Su])remc Court of Civil Justice of Ihitish Columbia, it shall be lawful for the Court 
 after issue joined to direct the cause to be tried before any particular Gold Commis- 
 sioner, upon such terms as the Court shall think ft. 
 
 XVI. All jurors and witnesses summcncd under and by virtue of the pf wcrs con- 
 tained in this Ordinance shall be entitled for their attendance to receive such compen- 
 sation as the Court may direct. 
 
 XVII. When in civil eases the svbjeet matter in any mining dispute is in value 
 more than Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars, an appeal shall, save as hereinafter excepted, 
 lie from the decision, ruling, judgment, order, or decree of the (iold Commissioner to the 
 Supremo Court of Civil Justice of British Columbia; provided, how. er, that the 
 decision of the Gold Commissioner, or of a jury s<immoncd under the prcAisions of this 
 Ordinance, upon all matters of fact shall be f nal and conclusive, ancl no a]>pcal shall 
 lie therefrom. >fo appeal shall be allowed in any cause, unless notice thereof be given 
 in writing to the opposite ]»artj', or his Attorney, within four days after the decision 
 eomplaine<l of, and also security be given, to the a]i])roval of the Gold Commissioner, 
 for the costs of the appeal, and the amount (if anj') payable under the judgment. And 
 the said Court of Appeal may make such order as it shall think lit. Such appeal may 
 be in the form of a case settled and signed by tho parties, their Counsel, or Attornies. 
 
 PART II. — WHO MAY HE FREK MINERS, AND THEIR PRIVILEGES. 
 
 XVIII. Every person over but not under sixteen years of ego shall bo entitled to 
 hold a claim. Minors who shall become Free Minors shall as regards their mining 
 property and liabilities contracted in connexion therewith be treated as adults. 
 
 XIX. Every Gold Commissioner, U])on payment of the sums hereinafter mentioned, 
 shall deliver to any person applying for the same, a Certificate to bo called a Free 
 Miner's Certiticato, which may be in the following form : 
 
 JiritUh Columbia. — Free Mincr'a Certificate. 
 
 Date, NOT TKANSFERABLK. No. 
 
 Valid for years. 
 
 This is to certify that A. B. of ^as paid mo this day the sum 
 
 of , and is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a Free 
 
 Miner, for year from the date hereof. 
 
 (Signed) G. B., C'-'ef Gold Commissioner, 
 
 (or (Jold Commissioner, as tho case may be.) 
 
 XX. Such Free Minor's Certificate shall, at the request of the applicant, be granted 
 and continue in force for a period of one year or three years from the date thereof, upon 
 payment by such applicant to the use of Her Majesty of the sum of Five Dollars for one 
 year, amd Fifteen Dollars for three years. Such Certificate shall not bo transferable, 
 and only cro person shall be nameii therein. And every holder of a (Certificate shall 
 have Chree cb^ar days after tho expiration thereof, and no longc, to renew the same. 
 
 XXI. If Lny Free Miner's CertiHcate shall bo accidentally destroyed or lost, tho 
 same may, upon evidence thereof and upon payment by the applicant of Two Dollars 
 
bus'r.ofB 
 
 '.c as bo 
 
 icrs then 
 
 erected, 
 
 erected 
 ■^hiill not 
 > entitled 
 
 business 
 n jilot of 
 of Tree 
 notice to 
 the Gold 
 ny crops 
 connicn- 
 ut a jury 
 
 grantees 
 
 ibia may, 
 rict, from 
 ict of the 
 
 recovered 
 
 nee before 
 the Court 
 
 1 Coinmis- 
 
 wcrs con- 
 ii conipen- 
 
 i in value 
 • excepted, 
 jner to the 
 that the 
 ns of this 
 peal shall j 
 f bo given I 
 10 decision j 
 niissioncr, | 
 cnt. And | 
 Ippcal may 
 Attornics. 
 
 |cn titled to 
 ir mining 
 
 lientioncd, 
 a Free 
 
 No. 
 
 the sum 
 [of a Free 
 
 may be.) 
 Ic granted 
 leof. upon 
 Irs for one 
 Insferablo, 
 late shall 
 Isame. 
 lost, the 
 
 |o Dollars 
 
 Oold Mining Law. 
 
 31 
 
 anu Fifty Cents, bo replaced by a true copy thereof, signed by the Gold Commissionor of 
 the district wherein the original Certificate \faa issued. Every such new Cortiticato 
 shall bo marked "Substituted Certificate." And unless some material irregularity be 
 .ihewn in respect thereof every original or substitute<l Froo Minor's Certilicate shall bo 
 evidence of all the matters therein cimtained. 
 
 XXII. Every Free Miner shall during the continuance of his Cortificato and no 
 longer, have the right to enter and mine upon any of tho ^;aste land.s of the Crown, not 
 for tho tiuK being occtipicd by any other person. 
 
 XXiri. In the event of such entry being made upon lands already lawfully occupied 
 for other than mining purposes, j»roviously to entry full compensation shall bo iiiaile to 
 the occupant or owner for any loss or damages he may sustain by reason of any such 
 entry ; such compensation to be determined by the nearest Stipendiary Magistrate or 
 Gobi Commissioner, with or without a jury of not loss than five. 
 
 XXIV. No j)crson shall be recognized as having any right or interest in or to any 
 mining claim or ditch, or any of the gold therein, unless ho shall be, or in case of 
 disputed ownership unless ho shall have been at tho time of tho dispute arising, a Froo 
 Miner. 
 
 PART in. — REOISTRATIO^f OF CLAIMS AND PHKR MINER'S QEXERAL KIGIITS. 
 
 XXV. Every Free Minor locating a claim, must record tho samo at tho OflSoo of the 
 Gold Commissioner of the district within which tho samo is sitiiiitod. witliin tlireo days 
 after tho location thereof, if located within ton miles of tho said Otli^'o. One additional 
 day shall bo allowed for such record for every additional ton miles or fraction thereof. 
 Such record shall be made in a book to bo kept for tho purpose, in which shall be 
 inserted tho name of the claim, tho name of each locator, tho numb.^r of l<is eertiticate, 
 tho locality of the mino, the date of his recording the same, and such other matters and 
 things as may bo (Icomed requisite by tho (Hold Commissioner. 
 
 XXVI. All claims must bo re-recorded annually ; but any Free Minor shall u])on 
 ajiplication be entitled to record his claim for a period of two or more years, upon 
 payment of the sum of Two Dollars and Fifty Cents for each and every year included in 
 such record ; and such record shall with ,ut renewal, and for and during tho time therein 
 mentioned, but for no further period, have tho same force and effect as if the same had 
 been recorded annually. 
 
 XXVII. It shall be lawful for tho Gold Commissionor to demand from any minor 
 applying to record a claim, tho productinn of his certificate, and ujion his neglect or 
 refusal to produce tho same, to refuse to record such claim or interest therein. 
 
 XXVIII. In case of any dispute, tho title to claims will bo recognized according to 
 the priority of registration, subject to any question which may bo raised as to tho 
 validity of tho record itself, and subj'ect further to tho terms, con(litions, and jyriviloges, 
 contained in Clause XXV. 
 
 XXIX. No transfer of any claim, or of any interest therein, shall bo enforceable, 
 unless the same, or some memorandum thereof, shall be in writing, signed by the trans- 
 ferror, or by his la.vfully authorized agent and registered with the Gold Commissioner. 
 
 XXX. For every record made, and leave of absence granted, or any other matter or 
 thing whatever relating to mining for which a special foo shall nothavo been provided, 
 tho Gold Commissioner hhall charge a registration feo of Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, 
 as herein defined. 
 
 XXXI. The books of record shall, during roasonablo hours, bo open to publio 
 inspection; and the sum of One Dollar, and no more, shall bo charged for every search 
 made therein. 
 
 XXXII. Every copy of, or extract from, any record or register kept under this 
 Ordinance, and certified to bo a true copy or extract under the hand of tho Gold Com- 
 missioner, or other person entrusted to take and keep such locord or register, t.hall in 
 the absence of tho original register, be receivable in any judicial proceeding as evidence 
 of the matters and things therein contained ; and tho sum of Ono Dollar and Twenty- 
 Five Cents, shall bo charg'Hi for each copy of a record so certified. 
 
 XXXIII. Every Free Minor shall be allowed to hold at tho samo time any number 
 of claims acquired by purchase, but only two claims by preemption in the samo locality, 
 save as hereafter provided, viz : ono quartz claim and ono other claim, subject however 
 to tho laws as to record, occupation, and otherwise for tho time being in force. And 
 every Froo Minor may sell, mortgage, or dispose of tho same. IIo shall also bo entitled, 
 in addition to the above, to hold a pre-omption claim on each (but nut on tho same) hill, 
 crook, ravine, or bench. 
 
 XXXIV. The interest which a Froo Minor has in a claim shall bo deemed and taken 
 to bo a chattel interest equivalent to a lease, for such period as the samo may have 
 been recorded, renewable at tho end thereof, and subject to tho conditions as to forfei- 
 ture, working, representation, registration and otherwise, for tho time being in force 
 with respect to such claim. 
 
 XXXV. Every Free Minor shall, during tho continuance of his Cortiflcato, have the 
 exclusive right of entry upon bis own claim for tho minerliko working thereof, and tho 
 
32 
 
 Gold Mining Law. 
 
 conotruction of a residence thereon, and shall be entitled exclusively to all the proceeds 
 renli/.ed tlicrcfiom, provided that his elaiin bo duly registered, and faithfully und not 
 colourahly worked; but he tihnU have no surface rights therein. 
 
 Pr(ivi(l( (1, nlso, that the Oold Cominissionor may, upon application made to liim, 
 allow iiiljafont cliiim holders such right of entry thereon as ma; 'io absolutely necessary 
 for the working of their claims, and upon such terms as may to hira seem rciisonablo. 
 
 XXXV'l, Jn addition to the above rights, every registered Free Aliner shall bo 
 entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or piist his claim, 
 and not already lawfully appropriated as shall, in the opinion of the Oold Commis- 
 sioner, be necessary for the due working thereof. 
 
 XXXV J I. No claim located and recorded in any district within 14 days before or at 
 any time after the claims therein shall have been laid over to the ensuing season, or 
 other specilio date, shall bo deemed to be so laid over unless so much work shall have 
 been bond fde exjjended thereon by the holder thereof as shall, in the opinion of the 
 Gold Commissioner, fairly entitle him to have such claim laid over. 
 
 XXXVIII. A claim shall bo deemed to bo abandoned and open to the occupation of 
 any I'roc Miner when the same shall have remained unworked by the registcroil holder 
 thereof for the space of seventy-two hours, unless sickness or othsr reasonable cause bo 
 shewn; Sund.ivs, and such holidays as the Oold Commission may think fit to proclaim, 
 are to bo omitted in reckoning tho time of non-working. 
 
 XXXIX. E\iry full seized claim, as dotined in this Ordinance, shall bo represented 
 and biinAJide worked by tho owner thereof, or by s , .lo person on his behalf. 
 
 XL. The (Jold Commissioner shall have tho power to regulate the number of minors 
 who shall be re(iuircd to work in prospecting a claim, or set of claims, until gold in 
 j)aying quantities is found. 
 
 XLl. Every forfeiture of a claim shall be absolute, any rule of law or equity to tho 
 contrary notwith.-tanding. 
 
 XLII. Where any undivided mining interest in a Company shall bo claimed by any 
 Free Miner, by reason of any defect in tho title or representation thereof, which defect 
 shall bo first established to the satisfaction of the Oold Commissioner, tho Company shall 
 )'Vi bound 
 
 Either to admit tho claimant as a member of tho Company to tho extent of such 
 defective interest. 
 
 Or to stake off, to tho separate uso of tho claimant; any portion of ground in I'.ic 
 joint ground of the Company, equal in extent to such dcfoctive interest. In sucli latter 
 event the claimant shall not be entitled to any interest whatever in the remaining ground 
 of the Company, or be considered a member thereof, by reason of such appropriation. 
 
 In either case the Company shall pay all costs and expenses incurred by reason of 
 allowing the non-representation aforesaid. The Gold Commissioner may make such 
 order as to costs as ho may deem just. 
 
 PAET IV. — NATURE AND SIZE OP CLAIMS. 
 
 XLIII. From and after tho date hereof, the size of claims shall bo as foUows : 
 
 For " Bar diggings " a strip of land 100 feet wide at high water mark, and thence 
 extending into the river to its lowest water level. 
 
 XIjIV. For " Dry Diggings " one hundred feet square. 
 
 XliV. " Creek Claims " shall be one hundred feet long, measured in tho direction of 
 the general course of tho stream, and extending in width from base to base of tho hill on 
 each side. Where the bed of the stream or valloy is more than 300 feet in width, each 
 claim shall bo only 50 feet in length, extending 600 feet in width. Where tho valley is 
 not 100 feet wide, the claims shall be 100 feet square. 
 
 XLVI. " Bench Claims " shall be 100 feet square. 
 
 XLVII. The Gold Commissioner shall have ni'thority, in cases where benches are 
 narrow, to mark the claims in such a manner as he shall think fit, so as to include an 
 adequate claim. 
 
 XLVIII. Every claim situated on the face of any hill, and fronting on any natural 
 stream or ravine, shall have a base line or frontage of 100 feet, drawn parallel to tho 
 main direction thereof. Parallel lines drawn from each end of tho base line, at right 
 angles thereto, and running to the summit of tho hill, shall constitute tho side lines 
 thereof. Posts of tho legal size shall be planted, 100 feet apart, on both the base lino 
 and tho side linos. The whole area included within such boundary lines shall form a 
 " Hill Claim. ' 
 
 XLIX. In tunnelling under hills, on the frontage of which angles occur, or which 
 may bo of an oblong or elliptical form, no party shall be allowed to tunnel from any of 
 tho said angles, nor from either end of such hills, so as to interfere with parties tun- 
 nelling from tho main frontage. 
 
 L. The Gold Commissioner shall have power to refuse to record any hill or tunnel 
 claim on any creok, which claim or any part thereof shall include or come within one 
 hundred feet of any gulch or tributary of such creok. 
 
Gold Mining Law. 
 
 33 
 
 rocoeds 
 iviid not 
 
 to him, 
 ecssary 
 iblo. 
 iliaU bo 
 < claim, 
 !ommis- 
 
 >ro or at 
 
 nson, or 
 ill have 
 )n of tho 
 
 -laiion of 
 il holder 
 !au80 bo 
 )roclaim, 
 
 iresented 
 
 )f minors 
 . gold in 
 
 ity to tho 
 
 id by any 
 ich defect 
 luny shall 
 
 t of such 
 
 ind in I'ao 
 iich latter 
 ng ground 
 iation. 
 reason of 
 ako such 
 
 ws : 
 
 id thence 
 
 rcction of | 
 10 bill on j 
 
 ath, each ! 
 valley is 
 
 iches are 
 iiclude an 
 
 y natural 
 ilel to the 
 at right 
 Bido lines 
 base lino 
 11 form a 
 
 or which 
 
 im any of 
 
 Irties tun- 
 
 :>r tunnel 
 tithin one 
 
 LT. Tunnnis and shafts Fhnll bo considered ns appurtenant to tho claim to which 
 they arc nnnoxed, and bo abandoned or forfeited by tho abandonment or forfeiture of tho 
 claim itself. 
 
 Till. For tho more convenient wnrkin;,'of buck claims on benches or elopes, tho Oold 
 Commissioner may, upon iipjilieation maile to him, permit tho owners thrr.of to diivo a 
 Tunnel throiij^h tho claims fronting on any crook, ravine, or wntorcourso, and imjioso 
 such terms and cduditii ns iipcn all pnrtios as shall seem to him expedient. 
 
 Liri. Qiutrtz C'liiiuis shiill bo l.OOft-ot in length, measured along tho lodo oi vein, 
 with p(,\ver to follow the lode or vein and its spurn, di|is, and angles, anywhere on or 
 below tho surface incliidcd between the two extremitios of such length of LOO feet, but 
 not to advance upon or beueath the siirfiK'o of the onrtli more tliiin 100 feet in a lateral 
 direction from the main lodo or vein, iilong which the claim is to bo measured. 
 
 LIV. In Quartz ('hiiiiis and reefs, eai'h successive cluimiuit shall leave three feet 
 unworkcd, ti\ form a boindiiry wiill bctw(^cn his claim anul that of the last previous 
 claimiint, juiil shall stnke (.(T bis cliiim accordingly, not commencing at the boundary peg 
 of the last jircvious claim, but tiircc feet further on. If any person shall stake out his 
 claim contrary to tlii ' rule, the (jold Commissioner shall have jiower to remove tho first 
 boundary ]icg of sucn wrong doer three feet further on, notwithstiiuding tlint other claims 
 may then be staked out beyond him ; so thitt such wrong door sliiiU then have but one 
 hundred iind forty-seven feet. And if such wrong doer shall hnvc comuu'nced work 
 immediately iit the boundiiry jiog of the last previous claim, tho (iold Commissioner may 
 remove his boundary peg six feet further on than the open work of such wrong door; 
 and all such o]ien work, nnd also tho next three feet of such sjiaco of six feet, shall 
 belong to find Icrni part of the last jirevious claim, and the residue of such space of six 
 feet shnll be iei't a.s a boundary wall. Every such boundary shiill be deemed the joint 
 projierty of the ( wiieis of tlic two claims between which it stands, and may not bo worked 
 or injured, mve ly the ((luscnt of both owners. 
 
 liV. If any rice Slincr, or party of Free Miners, shall discover a new mino, nnd 
 such discovery shstll be estiiblislied to the satisfaction of the Oold Commissioner, the first 
 discoverer, or jinrty of discoverers if no* more than two in number, shnll be entitled to a 
 claim dor.Mc the estfiblishod size of claims in the nearest mines of tho same descrifition, 
 (i. e. dry, bar, or quiirtz diggings.) If such party consist of three men, they shall 
 coUectivclj' bo entitled to five claims of the ostnblitihed size on such nearest mine ; and if 
 of four or more men, such party sliall be entitled to a claim and a half per man, in 
 addition to any other claims legal ; held by pre-emption or otherwise. A new stratum . 
 of auriferous earth or rock, 8ituatc<l in a locality where tho claims are abnndoned shall, 
 for this purjiose, bo deemed a new mine, although tho same locality shall have been 
 previously worked at a different level. And dry diggings discovered in tho vii inity of 
 bar diggings shall be doomed a new mine, and rice vemd. A discovorer's claim shall I 
 for all ])Ur]ioses be reckoned as one ordinary claim. 
 
 LVI. All claims shall bo as nearly as jiossiblo in rectangular forms, nnd marked by 
 four pegs, at lenst four inches square, stiinding not less than four feet above tho surface, 
 and firmly I'.xtd in the ground. No boundary peg shall bo concealed, moved, or injured 
 without the previous permission of the Gold Gommissioner. Any tree mny be used as a 
 stake, jirovidod that it bo cut down to at least the legal height, and the stur^-.p squared as 
 above. 
 
 LVII. In defining the size of claims, tho same shall ho measured horizontally, 
 irrespective of inequalities rn tho surface on the ground. 
 
 liVIII. Tho Gold Commissioner may, where (loomed desirable, mark out a space in 
 the vicinity for deposits of leavings nnd deads from any tunnel, claim, or mining ground 
 whatsoever, upon such terms and conditions as ho may impose. 
 
 PART V. — BED-ROCK FLUMES. 
 
 LIX. It shall be lawfull for the Oold Commissioner, upon tho application hereinafter i 
 mentioned, to grant to any Hed-rock Flume Company, for any term not exceeding five 
 years, exclusive rights of way through and entry upon any mining ground in his district, 
 for tho purpose of constructing, laying, and maintaining Bed-rock Flumes. 
 
 LX. Three or more Free Minora mi*y constitute themselves into a Bed-rock Flume 
 Company, and every application by them for such grant shall bo in writing, and shall 
 state the names of the applicants, and tho nature nnd extent of the privileges sought to 
 be acquired. Ten (dear days' notice thereof shnll be given between the months of Juno 
 and November, and between the winter months of November and Juno one month's 
 notice shnli bo given, by aihxing the same to some conspicuous part of the ground, nnd 
 a copy thereof ujion the walls of the Gold Commissioner's Office of the district. Prior to 
 such application, the ground included therein shall be marked out by posts of tho legal 
 size, placed at intervals of 150 feet along the proposed irnin lino or course of tho Flume, 
 with a notice nflixed thereto stating the number of feet of ground claimed on either side 
 of such main line. And it shall bo competent to any Free Miner to protest before tho 
 Gold Commissioner within such times as aforesaid, but not afterwards, against sueh 
 application being granted. Every application for a grant shall bo aocompanied by a 
 
34 
 
 Gold Mining Law^ 
 
 dcjiosit of Ono Hundred nnil Twcnty-fivc I>(illnrf, which sVinll bo refunded if the npjili- 
 CHtion bo refused, and if tlie ii]i|ilieiiti<>n shall be entertained then such of One Hundred 
 und Twenty-livo Dollarn sliall be retained and jiaid into tho ('olonial Treasury for tho 
 MHO of Hor Jblnjesty, whether the a]>)iii('atiiin bo afterwardH abandoned or not. 
 
 LXr. Every Hueh f?rant fhail be in writing, sij^ned by the Gold Coniinis.sioner. 
 
 LXII. Uod-roek Flume Coniiiaiiies f-iiall, iqion obtaining such grant, bo entitled to 
 tho foUowinj; ri^ht;! and iirivilej^eK, that it* to pay : 
 
 u. The rij^hts of way throuf^ii and entry ujion any new and unworked river, ereck, | 
 gnleh or ravine, and the excluHive rij^ht to locate and work a ctrip of ground Ono llun- j 
 drod Feet wide and Two Hundred Feet long in tho bod thereof, to each individual of tho i 
 Coniiiany. I 
 
 /*. The /ights of way through and entry upon any river, ercek, gulch or ravine ' 
 worked by inineriJ for any jiericd b Ufrer than two ycnr.x jirior to such entry, and already ; 
 wIkIIv or ]}artiiilly iibandc ned, und the ( xdiir^ivc right to stake out and work both tho 
 unworked and abandoned ))orti(,n,s thereof. One Hundred Feet in width, and onc- 
 quartcr mile in length, for each individual of the Cdujiuiy. i 
 
 c. And no jiercon heretofore or hereafter locating unworked or abandoned gr(iund 
 
 within the limits of the said Conipi ny's ground, after the notice hereinbefore mentioned , 
 
 has been given, shall be held to have or to have had any right or title as again.-it such 
 
 Ccnijinny to any ground so taken up by them. 
 
 i (/. The words " Abandoned grounil "' shall be construed to mean all new and unworked 
 
 I ground, and gr<iund not legally held and represented within the meaning of this Ordinance. 
 
 e. !?uch rights of way through and entry upon any rivers, creeks, und ravines 
 discovered within the two years next jireceding tho date of thoir application before 
 mentioned, and ujion any ])ortions of which Four or more Free Miners are legally holding 
 and bond full- woricing claims, as to the Gold Commissioner may seem advisable, 
 
 f. The rights of way through and entry upon all claims, which aro at the tinm of 
 the notice of a]iplication hereinbefore mentioned bond Jide and not coulourably worked 
 by any Free Miner or Miners for the purpose of cutting a channel and laying their llumo 
 tlierein, with such reasonable space for constructing, maintaining, and lejiairing the 
 flume as may be necessary. Provided that tho own' rs of such last mentioned claims 
 shall be entitled to take and receive the gold found in tho cut or channel so made, but 
 where any advantage equivalent to tho cost of making tho cut may accrue to the indi- 
 vidual claim holder by reason of such flume being laid through tnc claim, the Ik'd-i(ick 
 Flume Comjiany shall be entitled to tho actual cost of making such cut to the bed-rock. 
 
 f/. The use and enjoyment of so much of tho unoccupied and unajipropriated water 
 of the stream on which they may be located, and of other adjacent streams (.s may bo 
 necessary for tho uea of their flumes, hydraulic power, anO machinery to carry on their 
 mining operations, and they shall have their right of way for ditches and flumes to 
 convey the necessary water to thoir works, they being liable to other p.> rfies for any 
 damage which may arise from running such ditch or flumes through or over their ground. 
 
 A. The right to all tho gold in their flumes. 
 
 LXIII. The holders of claims through which the Hno of the proposed flumo of such 
 Company runs may, upon giving at least ten days' notice in writing of such their inten- 
 tion to the Bed-rock Flume Company, put in a Bed-rock Flume to connect with that of 
 the Bed-rock Flume Company, but they shall maintain the like grade, and build their 
 flumo as thoroughly and of as strong materials as aro used by such Company. 
 
 LXIV. Claim-holders so constructing their own flumes at their own exjjonse, tlirough 
 their respective claims shall also keep their flume clear of obstruction, and they shall bo 
 entitled to all the gold found therein, but they shall be subject to the same rules and 
 regulations with regard to cleaning up the flume, repairs, and other matters in which 
 both parties are interested, as may be adopted by such Bed-rock Flume Company; and 
 such claim-holders shall have the right at any time before the abandonment of their 
 claim or claims to become members of the Bed-rock Flumo Company, by uniting thoir 
 claims and flume with tho ground and flume of the Company, and taking an interest 
 proportionate to that which they shall cede to the Company, or should they so desire, 
 they may abandon their claims and flume, and such abandonment shall enure to tho uso 
 and benefit of tho Bed-rock Flume Company. 
 
 LXV. Every Bed-rock Flume Company shall, for each of the men constituting the 
 same, construct and lay at least Fifty Feet of flumo during tho first year, and Ono 
 Hundred Feet annually thereafter. 
 
 LXVI. Any Free Miner or Miners lawfully working any claims where a Bed-rock 
 Flume may be constructed, shall be entitled to tail thoir sluices, hydraulics, and ground 
 sluices into such Flume, but so as not to obstruct the free working of such flume by 
 rocks, stones, boulders, or otherwise, 
 
 LXVII. All Bed-rock Flume Companies shall register their grant when obtained, 
 and a registration fee of Twcnty-fiye Dollars shall bo charged therefor; and they shall 
 also pay an annual rent of Twelve Dollars and Fifty Cents for each quarter of a mile of 
 right of way legally held by such Company. No re -registration of a grant shall be 
 necessary. 
 
Oold Mining Law. 
 
 SS 
 
 I through I 
 
 ?hull be [ 
 
 lulcs II nd j 
 
 In which i 
 
 ly ; and i 
 
 lot' their ! 
 
 ]ng their j 
 
 interest j 
 
 desire, I 
 
 the use j 
 
 Iting the 
 lind One 
 
 fcd-rock 
 
 ground 
 
 llume by 
 
 btained, 
 
 ley shall 
 
 mile of 
 
 hall be 
 
 LXVIII, Bod-rock Flumes and any intoroflt or intorosts therein, and all fi.xtiircB 
 arc hereby doolareil to bo j)cri<onal property, and may bo sold, mortgaged, tranwfcrrctl, 
 or othorwiHO dealt with an such. 
 
 PART VI. — DRAINAOB OP MINES. 
 
 LXIX. It Hhftll ho Inwfiil for the Gobi Commiswionor to grant to any Froo Miner, 
 Conipiiny of Free; Miners, or Joint Stoi-k (!oni]tanics for iiny term not cxi-eoding ten yoiirn, 
 oxolusiive rights of way through nnd entry upon any mining ground in hi8 diMtriut, for 
 the ])nrpoi<o of constructing a l>rain or Krains for the drainage thereof. 
 
 LXX. Every ap)ilication for such grant shall bo in writing, ami shall state the 
 names of tlio nj)|>lioantM, the nature and extent of the proposed Drain or Drains, the 
 amount of toll (If any) to bo chargod, and the privileges sought to bo ucnuired. 
 
 LXXI. Up<in such aj)pliati(m a notice similar to that required upon application for 
 the right of way for Bed-rock Flumes shall bo given. 
 
 LXXII. Kvery ap])licution for such grant shall bo accompanied by a deposit of One 
 Hundred and Twenty-live Dollars, which shall bo refunded in case*tho application shall 
 bo refused by the (Jovernment, and if the ap]ilication shall be entertained, then such 
 sum of One Hunbred and Twenty-live Dollars shall bo retained and ]>aid into the 
 Treasury of the Colony, to the use of llor Majesty, whether the application bo afterwards 
 abaniUmod or not. 
 
 LXXI II. Such grants shall bo made upon such conditions as the Gold Commis- 
 sioner shall deem reasonable, and shall bo embodied in writing. 
 
 LXXIV. The rights of way and entry above mentioned, the power to assess, levy, 
 and collect tolls (not exceeding in ftmount that mentioned in the ai)plication) from all 
 Free Miners using such Drain or benelitted thereby, shall bo given to the grantees. 
 The grantees shall also covenant therein as follows : 
 
 a. That they will construct such Drain or Drains of sufficient size to moot all 
 roquiromonts, within a time (if any) therein named. 
 
 I>. And have and keep tho same in thorough working order and repair, and free from 
 all obstructions, and in default thereof that tho Gold Commissioner for the time being 
 may order all necessary alterations or repairs to bo made by any Free Minors, other 
 than the grantees, at tho cost and expense of tho latter, such cost and expense to bo 
 levied by sale (subject however to tho conditions of tho grant) of all or any part of tho 
 Drainage works, materials, and tolls. 
 
 e. That they will within a reasonable time construct proper Tup Drains from or into 
 any adjacent claims, upon being required so to do by the owners thereof, and in default 
 thereof suffer such parties to make them themselves, in which case such parties shall 
 only be chargeable with one-half tho usual rates of Drainage toll, or such other propor- 
 tion of toll as tho (lold Commissioner shall in that behalf prescribe. 
 
 '/. That they will not in tho construction and maintenance of such Drains and Tap 
 Drains in any way injure or damage the property of adjacent claim holders, and in the 
 ovont thereof that they will uiako good any damage so sustained. 
 
 LXXV^". In the construction of Drains to bo used as Tap Drains only, three days' 
 notice given as above shall only be necessary. 
 
 LXXVI. The Gold Commissioner alone, or if desired by either party, with the 
 assistance of a Jury of Five Free Miners, which he is hereby authorized to summon for 
 that purpose, may ascertain whether any and what compensation shall be paid for any 
 damage which may bo caused by any such entry or construction as aforesaid. 
 
 LXXVII. Such grant shall be duly registered as hereinbefore provided, and tho sura 
 of Five Dollars shall bo charged therefor, save when such grant gives the grantees tho 
 power and right of collecting tolls, in which case the sum of Twenty-livo Dollars shall 
 instead of Five Dollars be paid as a registration fee. No re-registration (if any such grant 
 shall be necessary. An annual rent oi' Twenty-live Dollars for each quarter mile and 
 fraction thereof, shall be paid by Drain Companies collecting tolls to the Gold Commis- 
 sioner ; such rent to commence from the date of their grant, 
 
 PART VII. — MIXIXO PAIiTXKKSHIP.S. 
 
 LXXVIII. All mining companies shall lie governed by the provisions hereof, unless 
 they shall have other and Avritten articles of co-partnership properly signed, attested and 
 recorded. 
 
 LXXIX. No mining co-partnership shall continue for a longer time than one year, 
 unless otherwise specified in writing by tho parties; but such co-partnership may be 
 renewed at the expiration of each year. 
 
 LXXX. The business of tho co-partners herein referred to shall be mining, and such 
 other matters as pertain solely thereto. 
 
 LXXXI. A majority of the co-partners, or their legally authorized agents, may 
 decide tho manner of working the claims of the co-partners, the number of men to be 
 employed, and tho extent and manner of levying assessments to defray tho expenses 
 incurred by the company. Such majority may also choose a foreman or local manager, 
 who shall represent tho company, and sue and be sued in the name of the company for 
 
 6'^' ~~ 
 
30 
 
 Gold Mining Law. 
 
 nttctfTncnif nncl othcrwiyc ; nn<l ho ^hnll hnvo power with tho non«ont of n mtijorlty of 
 the r( iii|'iiiij-, t<i liiiid thi'tii hy hiH cdntructH ; nnd tho piirtncrflii]) or <Miiii]iiiiiy iiiuiio must 
 bo inht'ilctl ill tlic U'i'(.i<l ol' tho c'(iiii))iiiiy'H I'liiiiiix. Any eo-]ini'tnc'i', or liiti duly iiiithorizod 
 nffciit, (■hull lio I'litillt'd to loiircx'iit hin iiitvrcHt in tlio co-i>iii'tiiiM'.M)ii|i |iro|)(<rty tu tho 
 extent tlioii'dt' liy vmiV mid liiltoiir, nnd f<o loiif; iih Hiioh worK and liilioiir .xhiill lio donu 
 and j)ciToiii',cd to tlif Mitiftnctioli of the forciiiim. In Hie event (.f sneli WDl'kiiiMii being 
 diNi'liiii'frc'l liy (lie l'< reiiiim, tlie (iuiil ('oiiiinist<iiiiicr ii]ioii ii|i|)iic:itiiiii to liiiii inny Hiiniinon 
 tlie foreiiian before liiin, and ii|ion lieiiiing tiio fautx, may iiiHl<e .siu'h order us lie A\n\\ 
 deem junt. 
 
 ]j\XX I r. Diirin;; tlio tiino of worl(ing, all RHSossraonts when loriod shall bo payable 
 wilhiii five (liiyf therenfter. 
 
 LXXXIII. Ill default of payment within such time, tho debtor after having roecivod 
 nry notiec !-|iei'ifyiii<r the aiiioiint duo by him, xhull upon Miieh aiiionnl liciii;; ascertained 
 by the (Joiil f'<iiniiii.".»^ioiier to be eorreet, bo perHoiially liable to tlio conipany therefor, 
 nnd liis inlere.-t in the eoiiijiaiiy, if no ordered, shall bo Hold by tlie Slierilf in the iiMiial 
 way, for the payment of the debt and conts, nnd should the amount reali/.ed bo iiLsntliiiient 
 to meet the fame, the (lold ConimiHHionor shall have tho power to i.^xiio an order, directed 
 to the Sheriff, to cell aiieh other personal property (if any) belonging to tho debtor, as 
 may be MiHieient therefor. 
 
 LXXXIV. X'otietH of sale of such debtor's mining or other property, or siieh pa.-t 
 Iheretd' a» hlinll siillicc to pay the debt and costs, shall bo conttpieuoiit'ly po.sto<l up ten 
 clear days prior to the day of sale, in tho vicinity of sueh mining or other jiroperty, and 
 ut the (,'ouit lloiii>o nearei-t thereto. 8uch snio shall bo by jmblie aiietion, and the bidder 
 ofTeriiig to pay the anioiint due for the smallest ]iortion of the miniiij; or otlier jirojierty, 
 shall be entitled to sueh porti(>n. Tho purchaser on ])ayinent of tho ]iur(^hnso money, 
 shall ac(|uiro thcieiii all the right and title of the debtor, and shall bo entitled to tho 
 immediate jiossession thereof. A bill of sale of the mining prupcrty so sold, signed by 
 the (Jold Commissioner and duly recorded, shall coufor a good legal title thoroto upon 
 the piirelniso. 
 
 LXXXV. After a notice of "bnndonnicnt in writing shall have been served on tho 
 foreman of the etiinpnny, by an^ member thereof, sueh abandonment shall be considered 
 absolute, nnd operate us a dischurgo against all debts c>inlrn;;led by tho company after 
 sueh notice has been given, nnd no such member shall be deemed to have abandoned 
 such iutorost without having served such notice as aforesaid. 
 
 LIMITED LIABILITY. 
 
 LXXXVI. Any mining company composed of two or moro Free Minors, may limit 
 the liabilities of its members, upon complying with tho requirements following, that is 
 to say : 
 
 Upon filing with tho Gold Commissioner of tho Distilnt a declaratory statement con- 
 taining the name of tho conij.nny, tho area of tho groiiiid claimed, tho location of the 
 claim, nnd the juirticular interest of each member of tho company ; and also placing upon 
 a conspicuous jiart (;f the claim, in largo letters, tho name of the comjinny, followed by 
 the word " Kegistercd." After such conditions have been conij)lied with, no member of 
 such company shall be liable for any indciitodnoss accruing thereafter, exceeding an 
 amount j)roportioned to his interest in tho company. 
 
 LXXXVII. No person shall locate, purchase, hold, or enjoy loss than one-fourth of 
 one full interest of One Hundred Feet in any company so constituted. This Section shall 
 not upply to Gold Ciunrtz Mining Claims. 
 
 LXXXVIII. All mining coin])anio8 so constituted shall keep a correct account of its 
 assets and liabilities, together with the names of the shareholders, and the interest hold 
 by each, and shall make out a monthb v,i\anco shoot showing the names of tho creditors 
 and the amounts due to onch, and tile ft ■ same among the papers of tho company, and 
 such balance sheet and all books m ii j company shall bo open to tho inspection of 
 creditors of tho conipany at all reason ■• Lilo hours. 
 
 LXXXIX. No member of such company shall, after a bill of sale convoying his 
 interest or some jiortion thereof has been duly recorded, or after notices of abandonment 
 in writing of his interest shall have boon left with the foreman of tho company and tho 
 Gold Comruissionor, be liable for any indebtedness of the company accruing thereafter. 
 
 XC. No such company shall declare any dividend until all liabilities duo shall have 
 been paid. 
 
 XCI. No such company shall be liable for any indebtedness contracted by any 
 member thereof, other than its foreman or agent dr.ly authorized. 
 
 XCII. IK any such company fail to comply with any of tho foregoing provisions, 
 such conipany shall be liable to a line of not less than Twenty-live Dollars, nor more than 
 One Hundred and Twenty-tive Dollars. 
 
 XCIII. The Gold Commissioner in each Mining District shall keep a book exclusively 
 for the purpose, in which ho shall record all declaratory statements tiled in his office, 
 and another book in whioh he shall record all notices of abandonment. 
 
Gold Mining Law. 
 
 87 
 
 cnt con- I 
 
 of the ; 
 
 ij^ upon ': 
 
 ed by j 
 
 inbcr of | 
 
 ling an 
 
 )iirth of 
 on shall 
 
 int of its 
 est hold 
 srcditors 
 ny, and 
 ction of 
 
 ing his 
 
 lonniont 
 
 and the 
 
 eafter. 
 
 all have 
 
 by any 
 
 Ivisions, 
 l>re than 
 
 ^usively 
 office, 
 
 XCIV. Tlicro shftll bo paid to the Oold CoinniioHioniT, for tlio n?o of llor Mnjcsty, 
 upon the lllih)? of eiii'h ilciiluratory xtatoincnt tlio Kum of Two DoIIiii'm imd Fifty ('ent« ; 
 anil upon tlio lilinx of uiich nolii'o of tilxindoninont tho kiiiii of Ono Dolliir iiml no more. 
 
 \(.'V'. All otlicr uintt'jrs not huroin provided for hHii", ad far as in prai'tiiiable, bo 
 governed by tho provi(<ioi)i< of the " Minin^^.loint Stook Coiiipanios Act, IHOl," biitnothing 
 in tho niiio pio^-cdin^^ SuftionH '■ontaim^d i<li.'iil iio iMinstruod so iih to repeal or vary any 
 of th(* |)vior or Hiib)<of|iient Hei'tioMH oi' tlii.'< <lrdiniiniM>. 
 
 XCVI. Ill tho cHi'o (d" any Minliii; .Ut'iwt Stock Comiiany duly ro^istcrml in this 
 C<dony, under tho provlxionN oi' the " .Miniii;{ .foiiit Stoek ( i.inpiinies A-d, IHtll," and not 
 under tiiis (lrdiimiii<e, every shareholder of Hneh eoinpany, tlioiijjli nut a Free Minor, 
 Hhall bo entitled to buy, hell, iiidd, or dixpo.oe (d' any ininiii;^ Aihure^ thuroin, anything to 
 tho contrary notwithMtunding herein contained. 
 
 I'AKT Vin. — An.MINI8TRATI0». 
 
 XrVTT. In Paso of tho dc^iitli <if any Freo Miner, while rp;»isterod as tho holder of 
 anj' ininiiij; proporty, his (daiiii .-iiull tiot be open to the ooeupatiim (d" any other person 
 for non-wnrkiii}? or n'Mi-represenfation, either after his decease or during tho illness 
 whieh shall Inivo teriuiniiled \v his doeo'ise. 
 
 X'JVIII. The Uold Coin 111 issioner shall in allsiicdi cases take possession of the mining 
 property of the deeoased, and may cause siieh niinin;? jiroperty to bo duly reprosontod 
 or disjiense with tho Hame at his o])tion, and ho shall sell and disnoso of tho same by 
 private sale, or upon fjiviii;; ten days' notice thoro(d" by publie auction, upon such terms 
 as ho shall deem Just, and out of tho proeoeds pay all costs and chargos in^Mirrod therein. 
 
 XCIX. Tho (i(dd ("omiiiissionor shall take into his custody and safe koopinjr, or order 
 some p(!rson so to do, all tho property of deceased miners until proper letters of adminis- 
 tration be obtained. 
 
 PART IX. — LKA8E8. 
 
 C. All grants under this Ordinance for any minin;' ground, ditch privileges, or 
 otherwise, shall bo in writing, in the form of .1 lease to be signed by the (told CominiB- 
 sioner, and by the grantees or lessees. 
 
 CI. Save where the contrary is expressed in this Ordinance, tho following clauses 
 shall apply : 
 
 Applications for lenses, accompanied by a ]>lan of tho jiroposod undertaking, are to 
 bo sent in duplicate to tho Gobi Commissioner of the district wherinn tho ground desired 
 to be taken is situated, who shall immediately forward it, with his rejiort, to tho 
 Governor for his sanction, excepting in cases where tho lease does not exceed 5 years, 
 but the ground shall bo secured to the ajiplicant until the Governor's derision has been 
 received. Prior to such application, tho ground ajiplicd for shall bo marketl out by 
 posts of the legal size, and a written notice of apjilieation, signed by tho aj>plicant, shall 
 be affixed to any jiost nearest to mining claims then being worked. A copy of such 
 notice shall also be put up at the (Sold Commissioner's Office. 
 
 CII. Every application for a lease shall 1: " accompanied by a deposit of One 
 Hundred and Twenty-live ])ollars, which shall bo refunded if (he application bo refused: 
 and if it be entertained such sum of One Hundred and Twcnty-tive Dollars shall bo 
 retained and paid into the Treasury of the Colony, for the use of Her Maj<!sty, whether 
 tho application bo aftcrwanls abandoned or not. 
 
 cm. Leases will not in general be granted for a longer term than ton yoani, or for 
 a quantity of ground greater than that herein prescribed, that is to say : 
 
 In Dry Diggings, ten acres. 
 
 In Bar Diggings, unworkcd, half a mile in length along tho high water mark. 
 
 In Bar Digging.s, worked and abandoned, one mile and a half in length along tho 
 high water mark. 
 
 In Quartz Reefs, nnworkcd, half a mile in length. 
 
 In Quartz llcef.s, worked and abandoned, one mile and a half in length. 
 
 With liberty in the two last cases to follow the spurs, dips, and angles on and within 
 the surface for two hundred feet on each side of the main lead or scam. 
 
 CIV. Lenses as above will not in general bo granted of any land, ailuvium or 
 quartz, which shall bo considered to bo immediately available for being worked by Free 
 Minors as holders of individual claims. Nor will such a lease bo granted in any case 
 where individual Freo Miners are in previous actual occupation of any part of the 
 premises unless by their consent. 
 
 CV. Every such lease shall, without expressing tho same, bo understood to contain 
 a reservation of all rights of the Crown, and all reasonable provisions for securing to the 
 public, rights of way and water, save in so far as shall be necessary for tho minerliko 
 working of the premises thereby demised. The premises demised shall be granted for 
 mining purjioses only, and it shall not be competent to the lessee to assign or sub-let tho 
 same or any part thereof, without tho previous license in writing of the Gold Commis- 
 sioner. Every such lease shall contain a covenant by the lessee to mine tho said 
 premises in a minerliko way, and also, if it shall be thought fit, to perform tho works 
 
38 
 
 Gold Mining Law. 
 
 thoroin dofmcd within a time therein limitcil. And it shall also contain a claiiso by 
 virtue wheronf tlio said lease may be avoided, provided that the Ictisee sliaU refuse or 
 nogloct to observe and perform all or any ot the covenants therein contained. 
 
 PART X. — niTCHES. 
 
 CVI. It shall bo lawful for the Oold Coninii?sioner, upon the application hereinafter 
 mentioned, to gnnit to any pers<jn for any term not exceeding five years, t..j right to 
 divert and use the water from any creek, stream, or lake, at any particular part thcronf, 
 and the r'f^hts of wny through and entry ujion iinv mining grounil in his district, for the 
 pirpcse of consti acting liitchei- and llunic:' .o ecnvey such water. 
 
 CVII. Ten days' notice thereof shall be given, by atlixing th" same to some 
 consjiicuous part of tlie grcund, and a cnjiy thereof ujion the walls of tin' (Jold Commis- 
 sioner's Oltice of tiie district, and it shall be eomjietent to any Free Miner to ])rotest 
 before the (Jold Commissioner within such ten days, but not afterwards, agranst such 
 ai>plieati()n being wholly or ]>ai tiaily granted. 
 
 CVIII. Every ap])lication for a grant of water exceeding .SOO Inches shall be 
 accomjiaaied by a deposit of One Hundred and Twenty-live Dollars, wiiich shall bo 
 refunded in case the application shall be refused by the Government, and if the ajijili- 
 cation be entertained, then such sum of One Hundred nnd Twenty-live Dollars shall bo 
 retained and jiaid into the Colonial Treasury, for the use of Her Majesty, Avhether the 
 apjdication be afterwards abandoned or not. 
 
 CIX. Ev'.My ajijdication for such riglits shall be in writing, and shall state the 
 names of the applicants, the name of the stream or lake to bo diverted, the point of 
 diversion or ditch heiul, the quantity of water to be taken, the locality fur its distri- 
 bution, and the ]iricc (if any) to be charged to Free Miners or others for the use of such 
 water, and the time necessary for the comjiletion of the ditch. 
 
 ex. The (Jold CoJiimissioner, ujion protest being entered or for reasonable cause, 
 shall have jiower to refuse or modify such application or grant. 
 
 CXI. Every grant of a ditch ci water jirivilege in occupied creeks shall bo subject, 
 to the right of suc'i registered Free Miners as shall at the time of such grant be working 
 on the stream above or below the ditch head, and of any other person or persons what- 
 soever who are then in any way lawfully using such water for anj purpose whatsoever. 
 
 CXII. If after the grant aforesaid has been made any Free Miner lot.ito and Ikihu 
 fide work any mining claim below the ditch head on any stream so diverted, he shall 
 upon jiaying to the owner of the ditch, and all other persons, compensation e(iual to the 
 amount of damage sustained, Lo entitled to such quantity of water to work his claim as 
 he may reijuiro. And in computing such damages, the expense of the construction of 
 the ditch, the lessor dam.age sustained by any claim or claims then using and depending 
 upon the water conveyed in the said ditch, and all other losses reasonably suctaincil 
 shall be considered. 
 
 CXIII. No person shall bo entitled to any grant of the water of any stream mined 
 for the purpose of selling the water to present or future claimholders on any part of •^uch 
 stream. The Gold Commissioner may, how iver, in his discretion grant such ))rivileges) 
 as he may deem just, when such ditch is intended to work bench or hill claims fronting 
 on any such stream; pro'/ided that the rights of Free Miners then using the water so 
 ap])lied for bo in all such cases protected. 
 
 CXIV. The Gold Commissioner shall have power, whenever he may deem it 
 advisable, to order the enlargement or alteration of any ditch or ditches, and to fix what 
 (if any) compensation shall be paid by the parties to bo benefitted by such alteration or 
 enlargement. 
 
 CXV. Every owner of a ditch or water privilege shall be bound to take all 
 reasonable means for utilizing the water granted and taken by him. And if any such 
 owner shall wilfully lake and waste any unreasonable quantity of water, ho shall bo 
 charged with the full rent as if he had sold the same iit a full price. And it shall be 
 lawful for the Gold Commissioner, if such offence bo pert isted in, to declare all rights to 
 the water forfeited. 
 
 CXVI. It shall be lawful for the owner of any ditch or water privilege to distribute 
 for use the water conveyed by him to such jiorsons, and on such terms as ho maj deem 
 advisable, within the limits uientioned in their application. Provided, always, that the 
 owner of any ditch or water privilege shall be bound to supply water to all applicants 
 being Free Miners, in a fair j)roportion, and shall not demand more from one person than 
 another, except where the ditliculty of supply is enhanced. 
 
 OXVII. Unless otherwise specia'ly arranged, an annual rent of Five Dollars shall 
 be paid for yvery lifty inches of water used for mining purposes when not sold, and when 
 sold the rent to be paid for any water privilege shall bo in each month one average d. y's 
 receipts from the sale thereof, to be estimated by the Gold Commissioner, with the 
 assistance if he shall so think fit of a Jury. 
 
 C>'/, III. Any person desiring to '>vidgo across any f>iream, or claim, or other place, 
 for auy purpose, or to mine under or through any ditch or ilume, or to carry water 
 
lauso by 
 refuse or 
 
 >roinnfter 
 J right to 
 t tlicrcof, 
 ct, lor the 
 
 ! to gome 
 Coin mis- ' 
 to protest 
 iiist such 
 
 f-hall lie 
 
 shall bo 
 
 Ihc a|i;ili- 
 
 s shall bo 
 
 itther the 
 
 stnte the 
 3 jioiiit of 
 
 its ilistri- 
 so of such 
 
 ble cause, 
 
 )0 subject , 
 working 
 ons what- 
 iiatsocver. 
 
 and Imnti 
 , he shall 
 iial to (ho ; 
 .« claim as 
 
 ruction of 
 U'jionding , 
 
 suctain&d i 
 i 
 
 am mined 
 
 Gold Milling Law. 
 
 39 
 
 rt 
 
 of -such 
 ivilege>! : 
 fronting : 
 wator 80 
 
 deem it 
 fix what I 
 ation or 
 
 take all 
 my such 
 shall bo 
 shall bo 
 rights to 
 
 listributo 
 
 aj deem 
 
 that the 
 
 itplicants 
 
 rson than 
 
 ars shall 
 ind when 
 igo d.y's 
 with the 
 
 or place, 
 ry water 
 
 ' through or over any land already oncupivd by any other person, may in proper cases do 
 so with till' sanction of the (Jold rommissionor. In all such casus the vii^ht of tho party 
 tirst in i)ossession whether of the mine or of the water privilege is to prevail, so as to 
 entitle him to compensation and indemnity if tlie same bo just. 
 
 CXrX. In measuring water in any ditch or sluice, tho followini; rules shall bo 
 observed : — Tho water taken into a dit''h shall be measured at the di! li head Avith a 
 pressure of seven inches. No water shall bo taken into a ditch except in a trough 
 placed horizontally at the place at which the water enters it. The ajicrturo through 
 which tho water ])asses shall not bo more than ten inches high. Thi! same mode of 
 measurement shall be applied to ascertain the quantity of water running jut of any 
 ditch into any other ditch or (liimo. 
 
 (.'XX. AVhcnever it shall be intended in forming or upholding any ditch, to enter 
 ti])on and occujiy any ])art of a registered claim, or to dig or loosen any earth or rock, 
 within four foot of any ditch noL belonging solely to tho registered owner of such claim, 
 three days' notice in writing of such intentiun shall be given before enti;ring or approach- 
 ing within four feet of such other projierly. 
 
 CXXf. Any person heretofore or hereafter engaged in tho construction of any road 
 or work may. with tho sanction of the (Jold Coniiiiissioner, cross, <livort, or otherwise 
 interfere witii any ditch, \yatcr [trivilege, or other mining rights whatsoever, for such 
 per' )il as the said Commissioner shall direct. 
 
 CXXII. The (Jold Commissioner shall order what (if rny) comjicnsation for every 
 such damage or intorfcrer 'c shall be paid, and when, aiid to whcun, and whether any 
 and. what works damaged or alfeoted by such interference as aforesaid, shall be replaced 
 by flumes or otherwise repaired, and in what manner, by tho person or persons inflicting 
 an J' .-^uch < la mage. 
 
 C.XXIlf. Upon compliance with tho requirements aforesaid, tho Gold Commissioner 
 shall c;-rtify in writing under his hand that tho person or persons named therein wore 
 duly authorized to create the damage or interference aforesaid, aisd have duly fulfilled 
 the re([uircnientf: herein mentioned, and have also duly satisfied and discharged all j 
 damages by liim or thorn occasioned to any persons whatsoever, in respect of tho damage 
 or interference referred to. 
 
 C.XXIV. Every such certifici'to shall be recorded by tho said Gold Commissioner, in 
 a liook to be kept by him for that ])nr])ose at his office, and shall be at all times open to 
 inspection ujkui jiaj-ment of a fee oi One Dollar for every inspection. 
 
 CXXV. Every such certificate so recorded shall be sufficient evidence in any Court 
 of Judicature in tho Colony of all matters and things therein contained or referred to, 
 and shall discharge the person ir ])crsiins to or for whom the same is granted from all 
 liability with respect to the damage or interference therein mentioned. 
 
 CXXV'I. The Gold Commissioner shall, upon the application of any party intoro.'?ted 
 therein, and after notice as hereinafter me\itioned to all whom it may cimcern, inquire 
 into and decide all matters arising out of or connected with any such damage or inter- 
 ference as aforesaid, and such decision or judgment shall be final and without aj peal; 
 in all cases where such decision orjudgment shall bo given in resj)ect of any sum or 
 matters at issue, the amount or value whereof, ivhich shall bo stated in the decision, 
 shall not exceed Five JIundrcd Dollars. 
 
 CXXVII. In cf ses where such amount or value shall exceed Five Hundred Dfdlars 
 any party aggrieved by such d'lcisiim may aj)pcal against the same to tho Supremo Court 
 of Civil Justice, upon giving written notice of such intention to the Gold Commissioner 
 within four days of such decision, and upon giving within such four days to tho Gold 
 Commissioner whose decision is appealcil against a good and sufficient bond or mortgage,, 
 tho amount of which shall bo fixed by the Commissioner, from the ])arty or parties 
 ap])ellant, for the prosecution of the appeal and for tho payment of all such costs as 
 may be awarded by the said Supremo Court. 
 
 CXXVIII. The owners of any ditch, water priviii ge, or mining right, shall, at thoir 
 own expense, construct, secure, and maintain all culverts necessary for the passage of 
 waste and superfluous water flowing through or over any such ditch, water priviloge, or 
 right, excejit in cases where a natural stream or rivor applicable or sulficioiit for the 
 purpose exists in tlie immediate vicinity. 
 
 CXXIX. Tho owners for tho time being, not be'.ng the Govornment, of any ditch or 
 wator privilege, shall construct and secure the same in a proper and substantial manner, 
 and maintain the same in good rej)air. to the satisfaction of tho (Jold Commissioner, and 
 so that no danmgo shall occur during their ownership thereof to any road or work in its 
 vicinity, from any part of the works of such ditch, water privilege, or right, (giving way 
 by reason of not being so as aforesaid constructed, secured, or maintained. 
 
 CXXX. The owners, of any ditch, wator privilege, or right, shall l:e liable and shall 
 make good, in such manner as the Gold Commissioner shall determine, all damages which 
 may be occasioned by or through any parts of the works of such ditch, wator privilege, i 
 or right giving way as aforesaid, and the same luay ho rocovorod before a Magistrate in j 
 a summary manner. 
 
40 
 
 Gold Mining Law. 
 
 mi' 
 
 CXXXI. The publication of any written notice to the party intended to bo affected 
 thereby, in two con.-cciitivc niuiiJ.crc of the Government Gu^itte, or any news^jinper circu- 
 Intiny in the Colony, or by alli.xing the same for ten days on nonie conspicuous part of 
 !iny premises referred to in such n(itice, and also at the oflfico of the Gold Commissioner, 
 sliall tie (lecnied {rood and sulicient notice for all jiurposes under tliis Ordinance. 
 
 CXXXII. Xcpfhin.!^ herein contained shall be construed to limit the right of tlio 
 Chief Commi>;si(iner of Lands and Works to lay out from time to time the jiublic roads 
 of the Colony across, through, along, or under any ditcli, water privilege, or mining 
 riglit, in any unsurveycd Crown Land without compensation, doing as littlo damage as 
 conveniently may be in laying out the sauiO. 
 
 I'AUT XI. — MINING DOAnDS AND THEIR CONSTITUTION. 
 
 CXXXIII. Upon petition signed by not less than One hundred and one Free Miners 
 in any district, it shall be lawful for the (Jold Commissioner acting for sueh district to 
 constitute therein a local board, to be called " The Mining Board." 
 
 CXXXIV. Tlie Mining Loard shall consist of nine members wlio sliall retire annually, 
 and shall be elected by the votes of the 'nhabitants of the l>istrict who aie Free ^.liners 
 at the time of the election. 
 
 CXXXV. No Free Miner or other person shall bo eligible as a candidate, unless ho 
 shall liave been a registered owner of a mining interest in the District for at least three 
 months previous to the election. 
 
 CXXXVI. Each voter shall have nine votes, but shall not be allowed to give more 
 than OIK! vote to each candidate. 
 
 CXXXVII. The votes of the electors shall be given in person by the voter, and the 
 Gold CoujUiissioner of the District shall act as the Returning Officer, and shall decide all 
 questions as to qualilication and disiiualifieation of the members elect. The lirst election 
 shall take place on such day as the Gold Commissioner may ajipoint. 
 
 CXXXVIII. If any member shall cease to be a registered Free Miner in the district, 
 or shall be convicted of any misdemeanor, or felony, or of any wilful and malicious con- 
 travention of this Ordinance, or of any By-Law in force in the district, he shall ipso fact-^ 
 vacate his seat in each case and not be re-eligible, save t'lat a member vacatin ;hi8 . ^' 
 only by reason of ceasing to bo a registered Free Miner shall bo again eligib^t "'' , ■ • 
 time upon his becoming a registered Free Miner. 
 
 CXXXIX. Wlienever any member shall absent himself from three or more eonscou- 
 tive meetings of the Board whether regular or adjourned meetings, ho shall, upon a 
 resolution passed by the Board to that effect, bo considered to have vacateJ his seat 
 therein. 
 
 CXL. The Gold Commissioner shall fill by appointment all vacancies .vhich may 
 arise in the said Board, when the same may occur, and such appointees shall bold office 
 until the next general election. 
 
 CXLI. The Mining Board shall, subject to the provisions hereof, have power by 
 resolution to make l}y-Laws, which shall bo submitted for the approval of the Gold 
 Commissioner, (any Bj'-Laws so approved by the Gold Commissioner shall be immediately 
 posted in the Gold Commissioner's Office), and also from time to time to suggest any 
 alteration or rej)eal of existing laws for regulating the size of claims and sluiccs, the 
 mode in which claims may be worked, held, and forfeited, and all other matters relating 
 to mining in the district, and any By-Laws so made shall bo binding in such district 
 until the same shall have been disap])roved by the Governor. 
 
 CXLII. Any resolution of such Mining Board may be passed by a bare majority of 
 the members of such Boar J. The Gold Commissioner shall within seven days after the 
 receipt of the copy of any such resolution signed by the Chairman of the Board, con- 
 cerning any By-Law or general regulation which ho shall on any grounds deem exnedient 
 to lay ioefore the Governor, make and send a fair copy thereof signed by such Go»i Com- 
 missioner, with hiu opinion thereon. 
 
 CXLITI. Tlie Mining Board shall meet at such times as a majority of the said Board 
 shall decide, and one-half of llie members of tho said Board shall constitute a quorum. 
 Provided, nevertheless, that it shall be lawful for tho Gold Commissioner and so often as 
 in his opinion occasion shall require to call together such Mining Board. 
 
 CXLIV. Tho votes on all resolutions of tho Mining Board shall bo given by tho 
 members jiersonally and by word of mouth. 
 
 CXLV. All questions of order and of the time and manner of conducting the business 
 at such Mining Board, and of tho times and places of mooting after tho lirst meeting 
 thereof, may be decided by tho majority of the said Mining Board, either from time to 
 time as any question shall arise, or by any iixed rules and others as may bo thought 
 advisable. 
 
 OXLVI. It shall be lawful for tho Governor, by an order under tho Public Seal of 
 tho Colony, at any time to declare the Mining Board in any district dissolved, at a day 
 ] to bo i.auiod in such order, and if no day bo therein named in that behalf, then as from 
 i tho date of such order. 
 
EFccted ; 
 circu- 
 lart of 
 sioncr, 
 
 of tl)0 
 
 roads 
 
 mining 
 
 ago as 
 
 Miners 
 trict to 
 
 nually, 
 ..liners 
 
 iless bo 
 st three I 
 
 tfG more 
 
 nnd tlio ' 
 ecido all 
 election 
 
 district, 
 ous con- j 
 pRo fact'' j 
 
 •his • ' '; 
 
 consoou- 
 
 , upon a 
 
 his seat 
 
 ich may 
 old office 
 
 [lower by | 
 
 the Gold ! 
 
 u'd lately ! 
 
 |p;i;st any j 
 
 COS, the I 
 
 relating | 
 
 district | 
 
 I 
 
 jority of j 
 
 iftor the 
 
 |ird, con- 
 
 iT)edient 
 
 aCom- 
 
 lid Board 
 Iquorum. 
 often as 
 
 by tbo 
 
 Ibusiness 
 1 meeting 
 time to 
 I thought 
 
 Seal of 
 It a day 
 I as from 
 
 Gold Mhn'un Law. 
 
 41 
 
 I 
 
 PART XII. — rKXAT, CI.Al'SKS AND CLAUSES OF INDEMNITY. 
 
 CXLVIT. Any person wilfully or unlawfully acting in contravention of this 
 Ordinance, or of any Ky-IiUW, llnle, or Kei^ulation to be established by virtue of thi« 
 Ordinance, or refusing to obey any lawful order of the Gold Conunissionor, shall, on 
 being summarily convicted before any Justice of the Peace or (Jold Coniniissioncr, bo 
 liable to a tine not excci ding T\\» llundrcil iind Fifty Dollars, or to an imprisonment 
 not exceeding three mouths. 
 
 CXLVIII. All jiunuhics iuiposci] umlor this Ordiuiinco n;ay bo recovered forthwith, 
 or at such reasonable iutcrviil after convii'tion antl non-payment as shall be allowcil, by 
 distress and sale of any mining or other personal property of the offender. 
 
 ('XLIX. AH fines and foes whatsoever payable under this Ordinance, except other- 
 wise expressly npproja-iatcd, shall be paid into the Treasury of the Colony as portion of 
 the llevenue thereof, to the use of Her Majesty, Her Heirs aud Successors. 
 
 CL. Any porson convicted and sentenced to any term of imprisonment beyond thirty 
 day.s or to j)ay any fine beyond Ouj Hundred Dollars over and above the costs of con- 
 viction, may aiijical to the .-^upreuie (,'ourt i!' Civil Justice, provided that such person do, 
 within forty-eight hours after such conviction, enter into recognizance with two sullicient 
 sureties, conditioned personally to ajipear to try such appeal, and to abide the further 
 judgment of the Court, and to pay such cnsts as shall be by such hist mentioned Court 
 awarded. And the convicting Gold Commissioner may bind over any witness or 
 informant under suificient recognizances to attend and give ovidcnce at the hearing of 
 such appeal. 
 
 CLI. (In any such a})peal no objection shall bo allowed to the conviction on any 
 matter or form or insufliciency of statement, provided it shall appear to the said Supremo 
 Court that the defendant has been sufficiently informed of the charge made against him, 
 and that the conviction was proper jn the merits of the case. 
 
 CLII. Any porson who shall wilfully damage, destroy, or alter any Freo Miner's 
 Cortiliente, or who shall falsely pretend that he is the person named therein, or who 
 shall wilfully destroy or falsify any of the records and registers hereby directed to bo 
 kept shall bo guilty of felony, and being duly oonvicted thereof shall be liable, at the 
 di8:"retion of the Supreme Court of Civil Justice, to penal servitude for not more than 
 ten years. 
 
 CLIII. Any person who shall steal, or sever with intent to steal, any gold or gold 
 dust from any claim or from any ground comprised in any lease granted under this 
 Ordinance shall bo guilty of felony, and being convicted thereof shall be liable to be 
 punished in the same manner as in cases of larceny. 
 
 CLIV. Any person who shall, with intent to defraud his co-partner (or in cases of 
 agency liis principal), in any claim secrete, keep back, or conceal any gold found in 
 such claim shall bo guilty of felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be i)unished in 
 the same manner as if ho had feloniously stolen the same. 
 
 CLV. Nothing herein contained shall, save wliere such intention is expressly stated, 
 bo so construed as to affect prejudicially any mining rights and interests acquired prior 
 to the passing of this Ordinance; and all rights and privileges heretofore and hereunder 
 acquired shall, without the same being express. y .stated, be deemed to be taken and 
 hold, subject to the rights of llor Majesty, Her .'loirs and Suooossors, and to the public 
 rights of way and water of this Colony. 
 
 CLVI. This Ordinance may bo cited for ill purposes as the " Gold Mining 
 Ordinauc-.o, 1367." 
 
 Passed the Ler/inlative Council the Wth day of March, A. D. 1867. 
 
 CuARLr.s Good, Arthur N. Birch, 
 
 Clcik. Presiding Member. 
 
 Aancntcd to, in Her Muj dty'a name, this '2nd day of April, 1867. 
 
 FREDEEICK SEYMOUR, 
 
 Governor. 
 
 
 -flSirnrs^