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A SKETCH OF THE LIFE 
 
 OF THE I ATE 
 
 G.W. Campbell, A.M..M.D.,LLD. 
 
 LATE DEAN OF THE MEDICAL FACULTT, 
 
 AND A 
 
 ummarg a! ^ Ibiorg of \\^ Jm\H, 
 
 '''''oT.^^ir.T.1-!^---^^^^^^^ 
 
 I 
 
 By R. P. HOWARD, M.D., L.R.C.S.E, y 
 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 Printed by the Gazette Printing Company. 
 
wegg^tAMoimweitMPn/eco. MOf/neAL 
 
A SKETCH OF THE LIFE 
 
 OF THE I. ATE 
 
 G. W. Campbell, a.m..m.d.,ll.d, 
 
 LATE DEAN OF THE MEDICAL FACULTY, 
 
 AND A 
 
 mmmatg of ^\t{ Ifbtoru uf ttjif ^atiiltg. 
 
 B,E1KG THE INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS OF THE FIFTIETH SESSION 
 OF THE MEDICAL FACULTY OF M-lGILL UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Bj R. P. HOWARD, M.D., L.R.C.S.E, 
 
 Profesfor of Theory end Pyaiticc of Medicine, and Dean of the Medical Fnculty. 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 Printed by the Gazette Printing Company." 
 
 1882. 
 
THE INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS OF THE FIFTIETH 
 
 SESSION OF THE MEDICi\L FACULTY 
 
 OF McGILL UNiV^ERSlTY. 
 
 BEING A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE FACULTY AND OF THE 
 LIFE OF THE LATE DEAN, 0. W. CAMPBELL, A.M., M.D., LL.D. 
 
 By R. p. HOWARD, M.D., L.R.C.S.E., 
 
 Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine, and Dean of the Medical 
 
 Faculty. 
 
 Gentlemen, — We celebrate to-day the 50th session of the 
 Medical Faculty of McGill University, an important period in 
 the life of an individual, and in these days of unceasing activity 
 and progress, a suitable stopping-place even in the history of an 
 institution, affording an opportunity and suggesting the propriety 
 of repeating the story of its beginning, glancing at the work it 
 has done, and sketching the life of one just taken from us who 
 was the last of the little band who either gave it an existence or 
 established its early reputation. 
 
 The corner-stone of the present Montreal General Hospital 
 was laid on the 6th June, 1821, and it was opened in the follow- 
 ing May for the reception of patients. Doubtless, the possession 
 of the hospital suggested to its medical attendants th( idea of 
 establishing a medical school in connection with it, and chereby, 
 not only securing greater care and skill in the treatment of the 
 sick, but providing for the performance of another function of 
 an hospital, not sufficiently thought of by philanthropists — the 
 practical teaching of the medical art. Equal to the responsibili- 
 ties of their office as physicians to a hospital recently provided 
 by the liberality of their fellow- citizens, and alive to the import- 
 ance of aflording Canadian youths, at least, the elements of a 
 medical education at home, Drs. Stephenson, Robertson, Holmes, 
 Caldwell and Loedel, five of the hospital staff, established the 
 first Canadian Medical School under the name of the " Montreal 
 Medical Institution," and its first course of lectures was given 
 in the academic year 1824-25. The success of the undertaking 
 
was foreshadowed uy the attendance of 25 students during its 
 first session, not one of whom now survive. However, of its 
 second session. Dr. Alfred Anchews of this city ; of its third. 
 Dr. lliunilton Jessup of Prescott and Dr. Joshua Chaniherhiin 
 of Freli^li8l)UJ'gh ; of its fourth, Dr. Al»l)ott of llochelaga ; and 
 of its fifth. Dr. Jiuucs B. Johnston of Sherbrooke, are still living. 
 
 The lecture-room was in a small wooden building in the Place 
 d'Armes, where the Montreal Bank now stands. The branches 
 then taught were : Principles and Practice of Medicine, by Dr. 
 Caldwell ; Surgery, Anatomy and l^hysioiogy, by Dr. Stephen- 
 son ; Midwifery and the ])iseasos of Women and Children, by 
 Dr. Robertsion ; Chemistry, Phnrinacy and Mat(M'la Medica, by 
 Dr. Holmes. It was originally intended that Dr. Loedel should 
 have taught Materia Medica, but for reasons now unknown, 
 neither he nor his immediate successor, Dr. Lyons, appears to 
 have given lectures in the Institution. 
 
 It is deserving of mention, that of the founders of the first 
 medical school in Canada, one. Dr. Stephenson, was a native 
 Canadian, and another was educated in Canada, having come to 
 this country when only four years of age ; and from that time 
 to the present, the Medical Fa'^- Uy of this University, into 
 which, as you will presently learn, the Montreal Medical Insti- 
 tution passed, has been largely composed of native Canadians. 
 Indeed, at this moment, every member of this Faculty but one 
 is by birth a Canadian, and, what is more significajit, with the 
 same single exception, every member of it received his medical 
 degree in course at this University before he went to Europe to 
 erect a superstructure upon the broad foundation which the 
 authorities of McGill College at an early period in its history 
 wisely insisted upon. W !io shall say that our Alma Mater has 
 not had confidence in her sons ? Who can fairly allege that 
 Canadians have not realized their responsibilities to their country, 
 or have proved recreant to her claims upon them ? 
 
 The next event in the history of the early days of this Faculty 
 is of no little interest. As early as the year 1811, the Hon. 
 James McGill, one of those noble-minded men who, having by 
 their industry and ability realized a moderate fortune, feel it to 
 
8 
 
 be a privilege, if not an obligation, to give a portion of their 
 means for the benefit of the country in which they have acciuirecl 
 their wealth, died, and bc((ueathod a valuable projierty and 
 i* 10,000 currency for the purpose of endowing a college which 
 was to bear his name, and form part of the University winch he, 
 in common with his fellow-citizens, believed it was the intention 
 of His Majesty George III. to establish in Montreal. 
 
 I know no'; whether it is a necessary outcome of so-called 
 popular or representative governments like those of Great Britain 
 and the United States that provision for the establishment of 
 institutions for the higher education of the p ople appears not to 
 be a function of the Government, but a privilege, a duty assigned 
 to private individuals. However this may be, notwithstanding 
 the annou icement made by the Lieut, -Governor of the Province 
 to the Legislative Assembly in 1801. that it was the intention of 
 His Majesty " that a suitable proportion of the lands of the 
 Crown should be set apart " for the instruction of the people, 
 and notwithstanding the establishing of " the Royal Institution 
 for the Advancement of Learning," no grants of land were given, 
 and were it not for the munificence of a private citizen, it is 
 highly probable that an university for the education of the Eng- 
 lish-speaking people of this Province would not now exist, and 
 certainly it would not have attained its 50tb session. Relying 
 on the good intentions of the government and upon the becpiests 
 of Mr. McGill, the Royal Institution, in 1820, obtained a Royal 
 charter for " McGill College," but, owing to litigation as to the 
 will, could not get possession of the estate beijueathed by that 
 gentleman till 1829. It was a condition of the be'juest that 
 lectures should be given within a certain term of years ; but one 
 year of that period then remained, altogether too limited a time 
 in which to select and appoint among the then small population 
 of Canada suitable persons to constitute a Faculty of Arts, the 
 ratification of such appointments, moreover, requiring to be made 
 by His Majesty. What was to be done ? The governors of the 
 College communicated with the members of the Medical Insti- 
 tution with the view of constituting it a Faculty of the College, 
 and in the minutes of the first meeting of the governors, held 
 
on the 29th June, 1329, for the promulgation of the charter, 
 the following entry appears ; — 
 
 « After the public buBinoss was over, the governors of the Corporation 
 » held an interview with the members of the Montreal Medical Institution 
 « who had been rtqiicsted to attend the meeting for that purpose. Owing 
 «' to this iLterviow, it was resolved by the governors of the Corporation 
 « that the mtmbcrs of the Montreal Medical Institution (Dr. Caldwell, 
 << Dr. Stephenson, Dr. Robertson and Dr. Holmes) be engrafted upon the 
 " College as its Medical Faculty, it being understood and agreed upon be- 
 « ♦ween the said contracting parties that, until the powers of the charter 
 « would be altered, one of their number only should be University Pro- 
 « fessor and thcj others Lecturers. That they should immediately enter 
 " upon the duties of their respective otfices. All of which arrangements 
 " were agreed to." 
 
 The first session of the Medical Faculty of McGill College 
 ^?a8 held in 1829-30, at which 35 students attended ; of whom 
 survive our esteemed friends Dr. David, Dean of the Medical 
 Faculty of Bislop's College ; and Dr. Johnston, of Sherbrooke. 
 Of the third session, Dr. Macdonald, of Cornwall ; of the fourth. 
 Dr. Joseph Workman, ex-Professor of Midwifery of the Toronto 
 School of Medicine, and Dr. F. W. Hart, of St. Martinville, 
 Louisiana, are also happily alive, and the former present to-day. 
 The Faculty has continued its lectures annually ever since, ex- 
 cept during the three years comprised betwoen 1836-39, so that 
 the present is its 50th session. It no longer, however, is entrusted 
 with the management of the farm, a duty assigned it by the 
 governors in 1833 ; which farm, by the way, is now covered by 
 the University buildings, the several handsome structures belong- 
 ing to Colleges affiliated with the University, the magnificent 
 Museum in which we are now assembled, the recent gift of a 
 private citizen, and not by any means his first act of munificence 
 to the University, and the mansions which have been built on the 
 streets extending south to St. Catherine Street, and from Uni- 
 versity Street east to McGill College Avenue west. It is due 
 to the memory of the first governors and promoters of McGill 
 College to state here that they purposed to provide not alone for 
 tlie teaching of Arts, but also of Divinity and Medicine, and 
 that on the 4th December, 1823, five professors were appointed 
 to the following chairs: Divinity, Moral Philosophy and the 
 
learaed languages, History and Civil Law, Mathematics and 
 Natural Philosophy, and Medicine. The gentleman who had the 
 honour of being appointed the first professor of medicine to 
 McGill was Dr. Thomas Fargues, a graduate of Edinburgh and 
 a resident of Quebec. However, it does not appear that he ever 
 lectured ; the contestation of the will prevented the institution 
 from going into actual operation* for some years subsequently. 
 
 Turning now to the four men who were the founders of medi- 
 cal teaching in Canada, with but one of them was the speaker 
 acquainted, and some who are present will, he feels sure, endorse 
 what he is about to say respecting him. Dr. Andrew Fernando 
 Holmes was born in Cadiz ; the vessel in which his parents were 
 sailing to Canada having been captured by a French frigate and 
 taken to that place. He arrived in this country when but fo\ir 
 years old ; at 15 he became a student of Dr. Arnoldi, pere, and 
 subsequently graduated in Edinburgh in 1819, the subject of 
 his thesis being " De Tetano.^^ It was dedicated with filial 
 affection to his father, and with gratitude to his former patron : 
 " Danieti Arnoldi, armigero, chirurgo peritissimo, cujus sub 
 auspiciis primum arti medicae incubuit ; hoo tentamen grati 
 animi exiquum testimonium dedicat auctor." 
 
 Having returned from Paris, where he completed his studies, 
 to this country, we find him, in 1821, elected an attending phy- 
 sician of the Montreal General Hospital, and, in 1824, taking 
 an active part in founding the first Canadian Medical School. 
 In that institution, and afterwards in McGill University, he lec- 
 tured upon Materia Medica and Chemistry until 1835, when 
 Dr. Archibald Hall divided with him the teaching of the former 
 subject, while he continued the latter unaided up to 1844. That 
 year, owing to the death of Dr. Robertson, he succeeded to the 
 chair of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and ably filled it 
 up to the time of his decease. During the last eight years of 
 his life he held the honourable position oi Dean of the Medical 
 Faculty, and to his studious care the College is mainly indebted 
 for its valuable medical library, which for many years was kept 
 at his private residence. Having sat under him as a pupil, and 
 
 * See the Canadian Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 172. 
 
6 
 
 having enjoyed the privilege of his friendship as a colleague, I 
 can tcotify to the care and thoroughness with which he prepared 
 his lectures upon medicine, a characteristic of all the work he 
 ever undertook ; to the affectionate interest he manifested in the 
 welfare of the students ; and to the earnestness and constancy 
 with which he devoted his time, influence and means to the ser- 
 vice of his God. He died instantaneously of fatty degeneration 
 of the heart, on the 9th October, 1860, while writing a notice 
 to convene a meeting of the Medical Faculty. A sketch of his 
 life has been written by his colleague, the late Dr. Hall. 
 
 Another person who played a conspicuous part in the early 
 history of our school, and perhaps even more in that of the Uni- 
 versity itself, was Dr. John Stephenson, a native of this city. 
 His father, of the same name, a merchant from Scotland, began 
 business in Canada the year after the conquest of Quebec — his 
 family being one of the three first English-speaking families who 
 settled in this city. Dr. Stephenson's education began at " Le 
 College de Montreal," where his diligence and love of study 
 won for him the regard of the Reverend Fathers. He afterwards 
 became a student in the University of Edinburgh, where he ob- 
 tained the degree of M.D. in 1820, the title of his thesis being 
 " De Vclosi/nthesis.''^ 
 
 It would appear from the records of the Montreal General 
 Hospital thai most probably to Doctor Stephenson belongs the 
 honour of originating the Medical Institution, for in the minutes 
 of the meeting of governors of the hospital, under date August 
 6th, 1822, this entry is found : " That Dr. Stephenson be allowed 
 to put in his advertisement for lectures next winter that they 
 will be given at the Montreal General Hospital." That his 
 examph bore fruit is shown by the minutes of the meeting of the 
 4th February, 182B, where it is noted that the medical board 
 of the hospital communicated to the governors its intention " to 
 deliver lectures on the different branches of th? profession." 
 So great was the earnestness of young Stephenson in the cause 
 of education, and so much did he deplore the absence of any 
 provision for the proper education of the English-speaking people 
 of the Province, that (his nephew, WiUiam Whiteford, Esq., of the 
 
Temple, in a short notice of his uncle kindly written for me, and to 
 which I am indebted for many of the facts herein stated, observes 
 that) Dr. Stephenson '* was the first to begin the agitation which 
 resulted finally in wresting from the hands of the heirs of Mr. 
 James McGill the bequest of that gentleman towards a college"; 
 but, " except from his own profession, he received very little 
 sympathy." That the University is largely indebted to its 
 Medical Faculty as a whole, and to Dr. Stephenson in particular, 
 for the recovery of the bequest made to it by its founder, is 
 further rendered probable by the fact that at a meeting of the 
 governors of the College, held on 29th July, 1838, it was " re- 
 solved that the Medical Faculty of the College be authorized to 
 use the means necessary to forward the interests of the College 
 in the suit now pendmg touching the .£10,000 bequeathed by 
 the late Hon. James McGill," etc. At the same meeting Dr. 
 Stephenson was nominated Registrar to the University. I have 
 been informed by a reliable person (Dr. Joseph Workman) that 
 the successful issue of the contest and the recovery of the estate 
 was largely due to the untiring energy and personal influence 
 of Dr. Stephenson. And this opinion is borne out by the testi- 
 mony of the late Hon. Peter McGill, who, in some letters of 
 introduction given many years ago to Mr. Whiteford, speaks of 
 his uncle (Dr. S.) " as the man, of all others, to whom we owe 
 the existence of McGill College." He did good work also as a 
 teacher in the two institutions with whose foundation he was so 
 intimately connected, having lectured upon anatomy and surgery 
 from 1824 to 1835, and subsequently upon anatomy only up to 
 the year of his decease, 1842. He is said to have been an able 
 and eloquent lecturer, and was a man of considerable culture 
 and great industry. For many years he had a large share of 
 the confidence of the public as a practitioner, and until the time 
 of his death his name was a household word amongst all nation- 
 alities in this city. 
 
 Dr. Wm. Robertson, the first lecturer upon Midwifery and the 
 Diseases of Women and Children in the Institution, was descended 
 from an ancient and respectable family in Perthshire, being the 
 second son of the late James Robertson, Esq., of Kendrochot. 
 
8 
 
 Of his early history I have only been able to learn that he 
 studied medicine in Edinburgh, where he passed his examinations 
 with credit. Almost immediately after he joined the 49th Regi- 
 ment as assistant surgeon, at Cape Breton Island, in 1806, was 
 subsequently promoted to the 41st as surgeon, served through 
 the war of 1812, was present at the storming of Fort Niagara, 
 and, on the declaration of peace in 1815, settled in this city and 
 practiced his profession for nearly twenty-eight years. His 
 ability, culture and social disposition secured him a large prac- 
 tice amongst the elite of the city. On the death of Dr. Caldwell, 
 he was appointed to the chair of Medicine, which he filled until 
 removed by death on the 18th July, 1844. His lectures are 
 said to have been carefully prepared and slowly delivered ; but 
 he was unable to instruct his pupils in the practice of the ob- 
 stetrical art, for the University Lying-in Hospital was not estab- 
 lished until November, 1843. In an obituary notice of Dr. 
 Robertson by the editors of the Montreal Medical Q-azette of 
 1st August, 1844, the following occurs : " He was gifted with 
 great powers of intellect, which were much increased by an in- 
 defi iguable industry and an assiduous culture rarely equalled." 
 
 Of Dr. William Caldwell, the first lecturer in this school upon 
 t. Principles and Practice of Medicine, I have been unable to 
 learn much. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1782, and 
 studied medicine and graduated in Edinburgh in 18 .He was 
 surgeon to the 13th Regiment of Dragoons, and served in the 
 Peninsular war on Lord Aylmer's staiF. Dr. David, his private 
 pupil, informs me that he was a man of severe military bearing, 
 but of mild and amiable disposition — cool in judgment, wise in 
 council, and kind in the treatment of his patients. His lectures 
 on Medicine were scientific, and ably delivered from care- 
 fully written notes. He died on 23rd January, 1833, at the 
 age of 48 years, of typhus fever, complicated with pulmonary 
 gangrene. For many years he was a leading practitioner in 
 this city. 
 
 It does not appear that any change was made in the ^^er sonnet 
 of the Medical Institution when it became the Medical Faculty 
 of McGill Cohege ; its lecturers became the lecturers of the 
 
College, teaching the same subjects that they had taught pre- 
 viously, and in the same building. 
 
 On the death of Dr. Caldwell in 1833, Dr. Racey, a native 
 of Quebec, and a young man of considerable talent, who had 
 received his early training in the Montreal Medical Institution, 
 and had completed his professional education at Edinburgh, the 
 then British Athens for medical learning and teaching, wis ap- 
 pointed associate lecturer oii' Midwifery (and perhaps on Surgery, 
 Dr. Hall). 
 
 It was in the year 1835 that the man whose loss as a faculty 
 we this day deplore, and whose life we are presently about to 
 glance at, became officially connected with this University. 
 That year some important changes were made in the teaching 
 staff of the University. To Dr. Campbell was entrusted the 
 chair of surgery, previously held by Dr. Stephenson, and that 
 of midwifery, which had just become vacant by the removal of 
 Dr. Racey to Quebec. Dr. Stephenson was thus enabled to 
 devote all his time to the subject of anatomy ; and the labours 
 of Dr. Holmes were reduced by the appointment of Dr. Archi- 
 bald Hall associate lecturer with him on Materia Medica, while 
 he continued alone responsible for the teaching of Chemistry. 
 
 The next important event deserving of mention was the estab- 
 lishing of the University Lying-in Hospital in the session of 
 1843-44, which provided the means of giving practical instruc- 
 tion in a very important branch of medical knowledge. The 
 Faculty is deeply indebted to the kind co-operation of the many 
 ladies who have watched over that institution since it was opened. 
 It was in the year 1845 that the corporation of the University, 
 at the suggestion of the Medical Eaculty, took the wise resolve 
 to extend the curriculum of study and to appoint lecturers upon 
 Clinical Medicine and Surgery, the Institutes of Medicine, and 
 Medical Jurisprudence. The first teachers of those subjects 
 were respectively the late Dr. James Crawford, Dr. Robert L. 
 MacDonnell, and Dr. William Eraser. By this step not only 
 was there a means provided of imparting instruction in all the 
 departments of medical study then deemed necessary in the best 
 European schools, but au importance was given to clinical teach- 
 
10 
 
 ing and study, which has had the happiest effect upon the young 
 men trained in the McGill School of Medicine. In assigning the 
 duty of teaching at the bedside to one person, and making him 
 responsible for the work, instead of leaving it to the several 
 members of the medical staff of the Hospital indifferently, as it 
 might chance to please them, efficient and regular bedside in- 
 struction was secured, to the great advantage of the students. 
 Changes have been made frora time to time in the system of 
 clinical teaching pursued m this University till it has reached its 
 present excellence, which I dc not hesitate to say is unsurpassed 
 in any hospital in the mother country, and not equalled in any 
 in this. In 1849 the clinical chair was divided. Dr. Crawford 
 retaining clinical medicine and Dr. MacDonnell taking charge 
 of clinical surgery ; in 1870 a practical examination at the bed- 
 side by the professors of clinical medicine and clinical surgery 
 was made a compulsory requirement for the medical degree ; and 
 in 1874, twelve months instruction in clinical medicine and the 
 same in clinical surgery were required, instead of six as before. 
 
 The new departure made by the Faculty in 1846 seems to 
 have inaugurated a series of changes extending to the present, 
 and all intended to elevate the standard of medical education 
 and provide for the more thorough training of the student in the 
 science and the art of medicine. As early as 1848 the corpora- 
 tion passed a statute rendering four years of professional study 
 a necessary qualification for the medical degree of the University, 
 although it did not require that the whole period should be spent 
 in attending a medical school. At present, however, it is the 
 rare exception for one of our graduates not to have pursued his 
 studies for four winter sessions. In that same year botany was 
 placed on the list of compulsory subjects. 
 
 An event of no uncommon importance to the University as a 
 whole, and to its Medical Faculty as well, transpired in 1855, 
 viz., the appointment of the present Principal to the charge of 
 the University. His previous experience as the Superintendent 
 of Education in his native Province and his enthusiasm in the 
 cause of education, his energy and force of character, his fami- 
 liarity with the genius and the wants of the people, his faculty 
 
11 
 
 of enlisting the interest and sympathies of those about him in 
 whatever work he undertakes, his mature judgment, great attain- 
 ments, and personal cliaracter have not only, as it were, galvan- 
 ized into active life and vigour the previously struggling 
 department of Arts, but have extended the proportions of the 
 College to those ot a great University, in which Faculties of Law 
 and of Applied k^cience have been added to the original Facul- 
 ties of Arts and Medicine ; and with which six independent col- 
 leges have become affiliated. The same fostering care has been 
 extended by the Principal to the Medical Faculty. lie has 
 upon all occasions taken a warm interest in our concerns, assisted 
 us by his wise counsel and experience, and strengthened us by 
 his personal sympathy and support. And we are very largely 
 indebted to him for the possession of the fine building in which 
 our Faculty has its present habitation. Even in a hasty glance 
 at the history of a single Faculty of the University, it would 
 have been an unpardonable omission not to pay a tribute to a 
 man who, at a most important era in the life of the University, 
 revived a general interest and zeal which had well nigh expired ; 
 evoked a spirit of liberality amongst the citizens ; inaugurated 
 and organized a comprehensive system of higher education 
 adapted to the wants of a new country, yet not inferior in its 
 intrinsic value to the systems of older countries ; collected a 
 body of competent teachers imbued, in some measure at least, 
 with the lofty aims and devotion which characterize himself ; won 
 by his rare qualities the coniidence of the people, the regard 
 and co-operation of his colleagues, the admiration and respect of 
 the students ; and infused into every department of the Univer- 
 sity his own vitalizing, energizing spirit. The name of John 
 William Dawson must ever rank alongside that of James McGill 
 as the co-founder of this great University. 
 
 Time will not permit me to trace step by step the improve- 
 ments which have been made in the teaching capabilities of our 
 medical school, and a hasty allusion to some of them must suffice. 
 One of the most important was the establishing, in 1876, of a 
 threo months summer session, during which short courses of lec- 
 tures upon special subje- have been given partly by the pro- 
 
12 
 
 feasors and partly by instructors appointed for that purpose. In 
 this way the attention of the classes has been directed to topics 
 which cannot well receive sufficient consideration during the 
 winter sessions, — such as the diseases of women and children ; 
 diseases of the eye, ear,, throat and skin ; operative and minor 
 surgery ; the urine ; symptomatology ; electro-therapeutics ; the 
 art of prescribing, etc. Clinical instruction is also regularly 
 given during the snmmer months by two of the professors in the 
 General Hospital; and the practical instruction of senior students 
 in gynaecology is continued in the University Dispensary, an in- 
 stitution opened by the Faculty in 1879 for that purpose and 
 for the treatment of skin affections. Instruction in the employ- 
 ment of the microscope in medicine forms a special summer 
 course, and was begun in 1875, 
 
 The establishing of this summer course makes the academic 
 year in this school last nine months, and it is very gratifying to- 
 find that the number of students availing themselves of the ad- 
 vantages it offers is steadily increasing. 
 
 Another important advance was made in 1876, when the in- 
 defatigable Professor of Institutes began a series of weekly 
 demonstrations in morbid anatomy. 
 
 While bedside teaching is on all hands admitted to be essential 
 tD the student of medicine as a preparation for the practice of 
 his art, the great value of the examination of the diseased body 
 after death is not sufficiently recognized. It, and often only it, 
 reveals the truth or error of the diagnoses formed. It, and only 
 it, will sometimes account for an anomaly observed during life, 
 or explain the failure of treatment observed by the most experi- 
 enced. Nothing like it cures men of over-confidence — of hasty 
 conclusions. Nothing more enlarges their view of the possibility 
 of similar morbid processes producing dissimilar symptoms — and 
 of identical alterations developing unlikeness, even contrarity, 
 in their vital manifestations. I hope the time will come when 
 enlightened people will, in the interest of their families, as well 
 as of the public, request, not reluctantly conaent to, a careful 
 post-mortem examination of their deceased relatives, at least 
 when anything of an unusual or obscure nature has appertained 
 to the illness which has proved fatal. 
 
18 
 
 In 1878, the University, recognizing the great value of a 
 thorough knowledge of practical anatomy to the medical students, 
 instituted an examination in that subject which must be passed 
 in order to obtain the degree in medicine. Finally, in 1H79, a 
 physiological laboratory was added to the technique of the chair 
 of Physiology, and the senior students ha\e now the opportunity 
 ji studying practically the essentials in the chemistry of diges- 
 tion, the secretions and the urine, and of following a demonstra- 
 tion course in opoiimental physiology with the use of apparatus. 
 
 Passing fiom this brief sketch of the history of our medical 
 school and of its founders, we ask your attention to the notice of 
 a man who, though not a founder, was a vory early and success- 
 ful builder up of the school, and for many years presided over 
 its destinies as its Dean. 
 
 The late Geo. W. Campbell, A.M., M.D., LL.D., was born on 
 the 19th October, 1810 J in Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. 
 His father was factor to the Duke of Argyle, a Justice of the 
 Peace and Deputy-Lieutenant for the County of Dumbarton, of 
 which the Duke of Montrose was their Lord Lieutenant. Mr. 
 Campbell, who lived in stirring times, was an able and energetic 
 man, and took an active part in public matters. After a life of 
 great integrity and irreproachable conduct, he died at the age 
 of 82. His mother was a daughter of Donald Campbell, of 
 Ardnacross, Mull, Argjieshire. She died, after having had a 
 large family, at the early age of •12, beloved by all to whom she 
 was known ; and it may be interest'.ng to mention that she had 
 four brothers, three of whom, after reaching the rank of captain, 
 and distliiguishing themselves highly, fell gloriously in the 
 Peninsular War. By the death of his eldest brother, Dr. 
 Campbell recently inherited a small entailed estate on the shores 
 of Loch Long, in the same parish, and also became the repre- 
 sentative of an old branch of his clan, his paternal grandfather 
 having been the nearest male relative and heir to Sir Alexander 
 Campbell of Arkinglass, by whom the entail of his estates was 
 (perhaps naturally) broken, and his property divided between 
 his two daughters. 
 
 Dr. Campbell received his early education from his dear old 
 
14 
 
 friend, the Rev. Dr, Mathieson, who was tutor in his father's 
 family f.>r many years, and who will long be remembered here. 
 During his undergraduate course at the Glasgow University he 
 highly distinguished himself, and, after graduating in Arts, won 
 and held the Brisbane Bursary of .£50 stg. a year during the 
 four years of his attendance on the medical classes. Then, 
 having passed one ses&ion in Dublin, he obtained the degree of 
 M.D. of Glasgow University, and preceding to Edinburgh, took 
 the L.R.O.S. in 1832. In May of that year he came to Canada, 
 and began immediately the practice of his profession. Notwith- 
 standing his youth, for he was then but 23, he vapidly acquired 
 the confidence of those who became acquainted with him, and, 
 what better establishes the actual qualifications of the man was 
 his selection by the founders of this school for the chairs of 
 surgery and midwifery at the early age of 25. In the same 
 year he was elected an attending physician and surgeon of the 
 Montreal General Hospital, and it was in that institution that 
 he acquired the surgical skill which tended not only to his oWn 
 advancement, but made the Hospital the resort of patients from 
 all parts of the Province, and, after a time, added very greatly 
 to the reputation of McGill College as a surgical school — a repu- 
 tation which has not suffered in the trusty hands of his successor, 
 the present professor of surgery, j^ifter eighteen years service 
 in the hospital he resigned, and v/as placed upon its consulting 
 staff, but continued the remainder of his life to take an active 
 interest in hospital work, attending regularly the consultations 
 of its staff, and assisting them by his great experience and good 
 judgment, and not unfrequently aiding them with his skilful 
 hands, especially if the operator were experienced. He retained 
 the lectureship upon midwifery till 1842, when he resigned in 
 favour of his intimate friend, the late Dr. INlichael McCuUough. 
 It was the same year in which the late Dr. 0. T. Bruneau suc- 
 ceeded to the chair of anatomy, rendered vacant by the death 
 of Dr. Stephenson. He now confined his teaching to his favourite 
 subject, and for 40 years, from first to last, faithfully and ably 
 lectured on the principles and practice of surgery, until declin- 
 ing health convinced him that it was his duty to resign. When 
 
15 
 
 it is remembered that during nearly the whole — certainly during 
 three-fourths of that time — lie had a very large general private 
 practice, and for 18 years of it was an attending i)hy8ician of 
 the General Hosj)ital, besides })cing on the boards of manage- 
 ment of several public institutions, it will at once af)j)ear that he 
 must have not only been a very diligent man, but must have had 
 an ardent love of his profession, and felt a deep interest in 
 teaching. Nor were his professional duties performed in a per- 
 functory manner. None of his colleagues were more regular in 
 their attendance, and up to the last ho kept himself acquainted 
 with the progress of practical surgery. His love of that branch 
 stimula<"ed him to note the wonderful changes that have arisen 
 in the practice of surgery of late years, and his sound judgment 
 and surgical instinct enabled him very frequently to adopt at 
 once what were real improvements and to reject what were 
 
 spurious. 
 
 " Not clinging to some anciunt saw, 
 
 Not mastered by some modern term, 
 
 Not swift nor isiow to change, but firm." 
 
 On the death of Dr. Holmes in 1860, Dr. Campbell was ap- 
 pointed Dean of the Medical Faculty, and the following resolu- 
 tion passed by that body indicates how he conducted himself in 
 tha,t and his other relations to the Faculty : — 
 
 " That the Medical Faculty of McGill University has heard with pro- 
 found regret and sorrow of the unexpected death in Edinburgh of their 
 beloved and respected Dean, the late Geo. W. Campbell, A.M., M.I) , LL.D., 
 Emeritus Professor of Surgery in the University. An active member of 
 this Faculty since 18.35, he contributed very greatly, by his distinguished 
 abilities as a teacher of surgery, to establish the leputation of its medical 
 school ; and as its Dean since 1860, by his administrative capacity, his 
 devotion to the duties of his office, his wise counsels, his unvarying kind- 
 ness and consideration for his colleagues, and his high personal character, 
 he not only increased the efficiency of the department of the University 
 over which he presided, but secured the cordial co-operation of all its 
 members in the advancement of its interests, and attached them personally 
 to him as their most valued friend and most distinguished and honourable 
 colleague in the teaching <md practice of the medical art. 
 
 " And, further, that this Faculty tenders te the bereaved family of their 
 beloved Dean its deep-felt sympathy in the irreparable loss which has so 
 unexpoctedly befallen them, the profession to which he belonged, and the 
 community in which he so long, so lovingly and so successfully laboured." 
 
16 
 
 As a lecturer, he was clear and emphatic, making no attempt 
 at oratorical display, nor affecting erudition. Devoid of man- 
 nerism, he tersely and in well chosen Saxon words dealt with 
 the essential and the more important features of the subject he 
 had in hand. In h... lectures his own mental constitution, clear 
 apprehension and practical mind led him to occupy himself chieliy 
 with what is well established in surgical pathology, to sketch 
 boldly, but faithfully, the symptoms of disease, and to insist 
 emphatically, yet briefly and soundly, upon the proper m'ithod 
 of treating it. Quite alive to the great extension of the curri- 
 culum cr* the modern medical student, and to the almost in- 
 numerable facts that he is expected to store away in his mci '"y, 
 and heart'ly sympathizing with him, he never indulg*?!^ in un- 
 necessary hypotheses and scrupulously avoided minute and 
 trivial details, obsolete practises and equivocal speculations. He 
 taught surgical anatomy and operative surgery with much ability, 
 and his college course of lectures has always been highly prized 
 by the members of his class, and largely contributed to build up 
 the reputation of the medical school connected with this Uni- 
 versity. And high as the position he attained as a teacher was, 
 it was surpassed by his reputation as a practitioner. Like most 
 men residing in cities of the size of ours, he was a general prac- 
 titioner. Having had the advantage of a medical and surgical 
 training in the large hospitals of Dublin and Glasgow under such 
 men as Buchanan, Macfarlane, Cusack, Colles, Stokes and 
 Graves, having been, as already mentioned, for many years 
 attached to the Montreal General Hospital, where every mem- 
 ber of its staff took charge both of medical and surgical cases, 
 and having for many years practised all branches of the profes- 
 sion in private, it is not to be wondered at that he was an able 
 and successful practitioner of the medical art. Devoting but 
 little timo, at least during the earlier period of his career, to 
 what is called " society," he spent his evenings very largely in 
 studying the standard au*;hors in medicine and surgery. He 
 was a very competent diagnostician in the various affections of 
 the heart, lungs and other viscera ; and his good ju'^.gment and 
 long experience made him very successful in the treatment of 
 
17 
 
 disease generally. He was also an able accoucheur. "Btit it 
 was in surgery that ho was pre-eminent. Lecturing upon that 
 subject for so many years, having a groat love for it, and en- 
 dowed by nature with a (piick eye, steady hand and firm nerve, 
 he was specially (jualifled to be a good surgeon ; and so he was. 
 There are few of the great o{)crations in surgery that he has not 
 performed. He was a skilful and successful lithotoraist, yet fre- 
 quently practised lithotrity in conformity with modern teaching. 
 
 Like many other able teachers and successful practitioners of 
 the medical art, he did not contribute many papers to medical 
 science — a fact in his case to be regretted, as his ability and 
 experience would have justified him in expressing ojjinions upon 
 debated questions, and his opportunities for observation must 
 have supplied him with ample materials. He was, however, a 
 man of action rather than of words. The following are the lead- 
 ing articles which I 3 published in the local medical journals : — 
 " Aneurism of the Arteria Innominata and Arch of the Aorta. 
 Ligature of the Common Carotid." — {Brit. American Journal 
 of Med. and Physical Science, 1845.) " Case of Osteocepha- 
 loma of Humerus — Amputation at Shoulder Joint — Secondary 
 Hoemorrhage from Axillary Artery arrested by Compression." 
 (^Medical Chronicle, 1854.) " Two cases of Intestinal Obstruc- 
 tion from Internal Strangulation, and one of Inflammation and 
 Perforation of the Appendix Ve^miformis." — {lb. 1854.) 
 " Ligature of the Gluteal Artery for Traumatic Aneurism." — 
 {Brit. American Journal. 1863.) " Ligature of the External 
 Iliac for Aneurism of the Common Femoral." — (Canada Med. 
 Journal, 1865.) " Excision of Elbow in consequence of Dislo- 
 cation of Head of Radius and formaHon of large Exostosis." — 
 (lb. 1868.) " Valedictory Address to Graduates in Medicine." 
 (Med. Chronicle, 1859.) " Valedictory Address to Medical 
 Graduate - . " — ( Canada Med. Journal, 1 M> >.) " Introductory 
 Lecture at Opening of Session 1869-70 of Medical Faculty of 
 McGill College."— (/6. Vol. VI ) 
 
 In what are called medical politics he took no very active 
 part ; yet he at all times manifested much interest in any move- 
 ment or measure intended to improve medical education or 
 2 
 
18 
 
 advance the status of the profession, or protect its legitimate 
 interests. As an influential member of the Medical Faculty of 
 this University, and for many ypo'-s as its Dean, he promptly 
 entertained and advocated any proposal that promised to prove 
 beneficial to tlie school as a teaching body, to the students, or to 
 the medical profession and public. And it was in recognition 
 of these services and of others rendered by him as a member of 
 the corporation of this University to the cause of higher educa- 
 tion that induced that body to honour itself by conferring on him 
 the degree of LL.D, — honoris causa. 
 
 In whatever relation of life we regard the late Dr. Campbell, 
 we shall find much to admire, and few man have as well deserved 
 to be presented to medical students and medical men as an 
 examplar for their imitation. 
 
 As a citizen, he took an active interest in almost every public 
 enterprise calculated to develop the material interests of the 
 city and the country generally, protect the health, and elevate 
 the morals of the community. Thus for many years he was a 
 Director in the Montreal Telegraph Company, the City Gas 
 Company, the Bank of Montreal, of which last he lately was 
 made Vice-President, and was a stockholder in these and many 
 other mercantile ventures, such as Shipping, Insurance and 
 Mining Companies, cotton, woollen and other manufactures. He 
 took a live interest in procuring the appointment of a city health 
 officer, and u}>on several occasions formed one of a deputation 
 to the municipal authorities for such purposes as advocating 
 general vaccination, erection of a small-pox hospital, passing of 
 by-laws to improve the sanitary condition of the city, etc. ^Nor 
 did he fail to assist with his personal influence and his means the 
 various institutions in our midst intended to provide for the 
 bodily wants and the moral and religious needs of the people. 
 
 As a medical adviser, he was not only eminently capable, but 
 painstakmg and warmly interested in his patients, and they re- 
 cognized in him a ju^licious and sympathizing friend as well as a 
 competent physician. 
 
 As a colleague he was held in the highest esteem for his 
 professional attainments and skill, his straightforward and honour- 
 
19 
 
 able behaviour, and his consideration for the feelings and repu- 
 tation of his brethren. In cases of difficulty or responsibility, 
 his opinion and aid were eagerly sought and as generously given, 
 and many who hear me can testify to the sense of relief and the 
 feeling of confidence his participation in a consultation at once 
 produced. By nature and practice a gentleman, and famiUar 
 with the many difficulties which often embarrass the formation 
 of a reliable opinion upon the nature and appropriate treatment 
 of disease, he never intentionally spoke disparagingly of a rival 
 practitioner, nor by inuendo weakened the confidence of a patient 
 in his attendant ; having satisfied his own mind by a thorough 
 examination of a case in consultation, he frankly, but courteously, 
 stated his opinion, and in the subsequent management of it, 
 loyally and heartily co-operated with the medical attendant. 
 The absence of petty jealousy and his rea.diness to acknowledge 
 — nay, to eulogise — professional ability in others, made him the 
 trusted and beloved teacher and colleague. If any evidence 
 were needed to indicate the esteem in which he was held by the 
 profession of whicl; he was so distinguished a member, and by 
 the public whom he so long and faithfully served, much might 
 be adduced. Let it suffice to recall the public dinner given to 
 him by his brethren on his return from Europe after his first 
 visit to his native land. The chair was occupied by his much- 
 esteemed friend the lamented Sutherland, who, with that good 
 taste and felicity of expression of which he was so capable, made 
 known his personal regard for his friend, and in most feeling and 
 eulogistic terms declared the esteem in which he was held by the 
 whole profession. The profession was largely represented at the 
 dinner, and several of its representative men testified to the high 
 professional and personal character of the man they had met to 
 honour. Amongst the few kind and manly sentiments which his 
 full heart permitted him to utter, one expression deserves record- 
 ing, as it was the reflex of his own kind heart. He " felt proud 
 to say that he believed he had not a personal enemy in the whole 
 profession." The many resolutions of sympathy and condolence, 
 of regret and respect, which were passed by the corporation and 
 by the Medical Faculty of McGill University, by the Medico- 
 
20 
 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, by the Medical Board of the 
 Montreal General Hospital, by the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons representing the medical profession of the Province, 
 and by the Canada Medical Association, representing the medi- 
 cal men of the Dominion, and those passed by the Board of 
 Directors of the Bank of Montreal, of the Montreal Telegraph 
 Company, and of the Montreal General Hospital, are further 
 unm.^takeable and spontaneous tributes to the worth of the 
 departed one. 
 
 And were it quite proper to lift the veil of privacy and follow 
 the departed into domestic life, we should still, in the friend, the 
 husband and the father, find qualities which, while they would 
 command our admiration and deepen our affection for the man, 
 would arouse within us aspirations to become like him. 
 
 As a friend, he was unswerving — faithful in watching over 
 the interests of those to whom he held that relation icent 
 and charitable respecting their faults, sympathetic ... their 
 troubles, and constant in his attentions and deeds of kindness, 
 
 I cannot venture to speak of him as a husband and father — 
 of such relationships none less than one of kin must dare to 
 speak. This much may be said : that it was in the domestic 
 circle he found his highest enjoyment — it was there he chose to 
 spend his leisure hours. His chivalrous devotion to his wife and 
 daughters — his hearty participation in the amusements and duties 
 of his son, made him the object of their undying affection — the 
 loved one gone before, whom they desire to join. 
 
 Such was Campbell — such was our late beloved Dean. The 
 announcement of his unexpected death produced a thrill of 
 emotion throughout the entire community — a feeling that a 
 public calamity had occurred was experienced by the Canadian 
 people. This Faculty had lost its head ; the profession had lost 
 its councillor ; the sick had lost their ablest physician ; the city 
 had lost one of its most distinguished citizens. The words of 
 Dr. J. Brown, 'vhen inscribing his " Locke and Sydenham " to 
 his old master, Mr. Syme, may truthfully be applied to our de- 
 parted teacher and Dean — " Verax — capax,per8picai -sagaac, 
 efficax — tenax.'^ 
 
21 
 
 " Were a star quenched on high, 
 
 For ever would its light, 
 Still travelling downward from the sky 
 
 Shine on mortal sight. 
 So when a good man dies. 
 
 For years beyond our ken, 
 The light he leaves behind him lies 
 
 Upon the paths of men." 
 
 When reviewing the developmental history of our medical 
 school, we have recorded a good deal of what it has done ; but 
 another portion of its work remains to be spoken of, however 
 briefly, viz., the number of its students and of its graduates. It 
 appears from the records that about 2,000 students have received 
 their medical education in whole or in part in this institution, 
 and that 917 have obtained its degree in medicine. These 
 numbers alone are fair evidence of a large amount of good work 
 accomplished by the Medical Faculty of McGill University ; 
 and the positions attained by many of her alumni, the high pro- 
 fessional qualifications assigned to them wherever they have 
 practiced their profession, and their general loyality to those 
 time-honoured and lofty principles by which the great physicians 
 of the past have been animated in their dealings with one another 
 and with the public, all indicate the quality of the instruction 
 given and the abiding influence of the moral lessons imparted 
 by their Alma Mater. Her Alumni are widely scattered over 
 the Dominion of Canada — are present in goodly numbers in many 
 of the States of the neighbouring Republic — not a few of them 
 have obtained appointments in the army-service of the mother 
 cour.try — and a few are practising acceptably in that country. 
 One of them, at present, has the distinguished honour of repre- 
 senting Her Gracious Majesty as the Lieut.- Governor of this 
 Province, several of them have seats in the Legislative Assemblies 
 of the Dominion and its Provinces, many of them are teachers 
 in the various medical institutions of Canada, and the great 
 majority of them are practising the modical art with credit and 
 profit to themselves and with benefit to their patients. 
 
 On this side the Atlantic at least, the holder of the medical 
 degree of this University is, by common consent, accepted as a 
 
22 
 
 person well qualified to discharge the duties of a medical prac- 
 titioner ; and I have never met a man who thought lightly of its 
 possession. 0( the future o^ onr i ledical school, time will not 
 permit much to be sa?d. That the same success which has attended 
 its past will accompany its future, I have no doubt. The energy, 
 industry and ability that characterized its founders have never 
 been wanting in their successors. The participation in tbe spirit 
 and knowledge of their time, and the aspiration to lead in medical 
 education, which were conspicuous qualities in its first teachers, 
 are not deficient in their followers. And some of us, who must 
 soon fall out of the ranks, look forward with implicit confidence 
 in the youthful energy, the proved ability, and the progressive 
 spirit of our younger colleagues to maintain and to extend the 
 reputation of the Medical Faculty of McGill College. 
 
 It should be — it must be — the aim of this Faculty not merely 
 to keep up with sister and rival institutions, but, true to her past, 
 to lead them all. To do this, however, will require the active 
 co-operation of the friends of medical education, and some united 
 and strenuous effort on the part of the members of our Faculty. 
 The capabilities of our school are crippled, and our eftbrts to 
 improve them are impeded by the want of means. We have no 
 endowments, and receive no pecuniary assistance from the Uni- 
 versity. Had we a Faculty Fund of $50,000, the revenue it 
 would yield couk. be applied to making some very much needed 
 alterations of and additions to our buildings, and to extending 
 our means of teaching in directions that would have remarkable 
 results on our usefulness. Our present building is too small. 
 We very much need increased accommodation for our library, 
 now numbering 8,000 volumes — perhaps the largest medical 
 library in Canada. A laboratory for the teaching of practical 
 pharmacy is now regarded as a necessary appurtenance of a 
 great medical school, yet we do not possess it. A room for the 
 meetings of the Faculty, and in which the professors, after their 
 lectures, could meet the students without interfering with the 
 next lecturer, is very much needed. Our museum will, ere long, 
 be too small, and extra apparatus for teaching purposes is needed 
 in all the departments. Then there are, at least, two directions 
 
23 
 
 in which our system of medical teaching could be most prof tably 
 extended. The first of these is the appointment of capable 
 junior men to undertake the elementary teaching of the primary 
 students at the bedside, in small classes of ten or twelve, from 
 day to day. The physical appliances and means of detecting 
 and discriminating disease are now so numerous, that nothing 
 short of teaching every student individually at the bedside how 
 to apply them— just as we teach practical anatomy— can pro- 
 perly qualify them either for efficiently acting as clinical clerks 
 in their final years, or for discharging their higher duties as 
 practitioners after they have graduated. I should regai-d this 
 as a very important improvement on the present system of medi- 
 cal training ; but we want means with which to pay well quali- 
 fied men for the considerable time that such instruction would 
 occupy. The other direction in which the system of medical 
 education at present in vogue pretty well all over the world, I 
 believe, might be most profitably extended, is the institution of 
 a rhair of comparative pathology. It is beginning to be felt by 
 advanced pathologists that that obscure and difficult department 
 of medical science, the origin and causation of disease, cannot 
 make satisfactory progress unless the genesis of disease is sys- 
 tematically studied in animals lower than man, and in the vege- 
 table kingdom also. Not until science has ascertained the con- 
 ditions under which the various forms of disease originate, and 
 the processes of evolution and modification they undergo through- 
 out the organic kingdom— not until the first departures from 
 normal development, nutrition, repair and dissolution can be 
 detected, can we hope to prevent disease, or to arrest its progress. 
 Yet such is the God-like aim, the inspiring hope, of the modern 
 physician. Taught by the experience of the past of the limits 
 of his power in the cure of disease, he seeks to prevent its de- 
 velopment and its propagation, and, failing these, to arrest its 
 course, moderate its violence, and, as far as possible, re-establish 
 health. The endowment of such a chair would place our school 
 in advance of those of the mother country in that respect, and 
 without an ample endowment, a person possessed of the neces- 
 sary attainments could hardly be obtained. 
 
24 
 
 Such, iheii, are some of the uses for which we want a Faculty 
 Fund, and we venture to suggest to the friends of our late Dean, 
 amongst whom he practised so long and so faithfully, that the 
 creation of such a fund, to be called " The Campbell Memorial 
 Fund," would be a graceful tribute to the memory and the worth 
 of a good man and an able physician. On this, the jubilee 
 session — the golden wedding year — of the Faculty of Medicine 
 of McGill College, the creation of such a fund by the citizens of 
 this metropolis would be a gratifying evidence that its career 
 and its work have merited their approval. 
 
 Note. — It is not generally known that the members of the 
 Medical Institution were appointed, in 1823, by His Excellency 
 the Governor-in-Chief of the Province of Lower Canada, the 
 Board of Medical Examiners for the District of Montreal, as the 
 following copy of the commission will show : — 
 
 To WILLIAM ROBERTSON, Esquire, WILLIAM CALDWELL, M.D., 
 JOHN STEPHENSON, M.D., A. F. HOLMES, M.D., H. L. 
 LOEDEL, EsQuiRK, and to all others whom these presents may concern. 
 
 Pursuant to an Act or Ordinance made, provided and passed in the 
 twentj'-eigiith year of his late Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act or Ordi- 
 nance to prevent persons practicing Physic and Surgery within the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec, or Midwifery in the towns of Quebec or Montreal, without 
 Licence," I do hereby appoint you, or any three or more of you, the said 
 William Robertson, William Caldwell, John Stephenson, A. F. Holmes, 
 and H. ^L. Loedel, in some suitable or convenient place and manner, to 
 examine and enquire into the knowledge of every such person as ought to 
 have sach certificate or licence as by the said Act or Ordinance is required 
 for the lises and benefits therein mentioned. And know ye further that I, 
 the said George, Earl of Dalhousie, do by these presents determine, revoke 
 and make void all and singular the commissions heretofore granted and in 
 force for the appointment of medical examiners for the said district of 
 Montreal, and all matters and things therein contained, hereby declaring 
 the same to be nail and void, and of no effect. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal-at-arms, at the Castle of St. Louis, in the 
 city of Quebec, in tbe said Pro\ ince of Lower Canada, on the twenty, 
 second day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 
 and twenty -three. 
 
 Signed, DALHOUSIE, Governor. 
 
 By His Excellency's command 
 
 MONTIZAMBERT, 
 
 Acting Prov. Secretary.