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The humble Memorial of Thomas Bridge of Bread-ftrect, London, Merchant, Sheweth, THAT your memorialift, and Dr. Henry Taylor of the city of Quebec in North America, hav- ing-taken into ccnfidcrarion the furprizing effeds the Spruce Beer of that country had on the Soldiers and Seamen, when they came there, almoft emaciated with the Scurvy ; and alfo, the effedt it has always had in keeping the Seamen in health, when on the Newfoundland flation. And taking alfo the opinion of Dr. John Fothergill and other eminent men of the faculty, who joined in thinking, that if an Eflence of the Spruce could be made to contain all its vir- tues, and that could be made into well-fermented Beer, that it would be the beft, and moft efficacious preventative, and mod lovereign remedy for the Scurvy. That vour Memorialift in confideration of fuch opinions did join the faid Dr. Taylor, and after great expence and pains, did make an Eflence fo perfect that one pound and a quarter will make 6^ gallons of double Spruce Beer, and yet it retains all the na- tive virtues and flavour of the ficfl -cut Spruce j and his Majefty was pleafed to grant them his Royal Let- ters Patent for the fame. That your Memorialift did in the year 1772, by the advice of many gentlemen in the Army, the Navy, &c. appply to the then Right Hcmourable Lords of the Admiralty, offering a fmall quaatity of A the C ^ 3 the faid Eflence by way of trial, which their Lord- fliips were pleafed to accept. And fome of it was fent on board the Rainbow man of war, Captain Col- lingwood, going to the Coaft of Guinea, whofe re- port I crave leave to fubjoin. Extrafl of a Letter from Captain Colling wood of the Rainbow Man of War to Mr. Stephens, Se- cretary of the Admiralty, dated September 8, 1 773. "Sir, " I dcfire you will acquaint their Lordfliips, that •« I complied with their orders of the 6th of Novem- •* ber, 1772, refpe^ling Spruce Beer made from the •* Eflence of Spruce and Mollofles, and followed the ** direftions which the Commiflioners of the Vidual- *' ing fent me, to make them into Beer, and fcrvc «* the fhip's company ; but as I am no judge of its •* phyfical qualities, I thought proper to fend the •* opinion ot the liirgeon thereon as well as my own. ** My opinion of Spruce Beer is, that it is a good *' wholelbme drink, and that the Eflfence of Spruce " may be very ferviceable to people in the Scurvy." The Surgeon's opinion is as follows. " I am convinced from experience, that Spruce " Beer is a very great antifcorbutic, for during two •* voyages that I have been at Newfoundland, where ** his Majefty's (hips are fupplied with Spruce Beer, •' 1 never faw one fcorbutic patient. I therefore have *« no doubt, but that the Eflence of Spruce prepared ♦* by the Patentee, when made into well fermented " Beer as they have direfted, will prove no lefs an *« antifcorbutic, as it feems to poflfcfs fully, the entire " phyfical properties of the frclh cut Spruce ; but "in C 3 ] *< in this Hiip I do not think we could make a fair " trial of it laft voyage, becaufe I ha/e been on the ** coaft of Africa two voyages before, when our peo- ** pie during both of them were very fickly, and not ** one fcorbutic cafe amongft them. ** However I am of opinion the Eflence of Spruce ** is an excellent difcovcry or preparation, and that ** it would be very ferviceable in the Navy.'* That your Memorialift, having heard of the re- turn of the Rainbow, did inform their Lordlhips that he had made a farther quantity of the cflcnce, and begged to know if their Lordlhips would be pleafed to make any farther experiment thereon, and he was informed, that af prefent they had no farther occafion for his eflence. That your Memorialift did then apply to the Gen- tlemen, Hulbands, and Owners of ihe fhips in the fervice of the Honourable Eaft India Company, fe- veral of whom took fome of the Eflence for the ufe of their (hips, and from fhe amazing good effevhich has faved the lives o£ a great many." Certificate of Captain William Applegarth, Com- mander of the Europa Indiaman. " Thefe are to certify, that I did receive on board the Europa, in the fervice of the Honourable Eaft India Company, whereof I am commander, a quan- tity of Eflence of Spruce to make Spruce Beer for the ufe of the Seamen and Soldiers. 1 gave the naen a pint of beer per day per man at dinner, and they kept their healths remarkable well, and we had not one fcorbutic cafe the whole voyage. It is brewed with very little trouble, and keeps well in all climatesi and I am convinced it is a very wholefome good Beer, and a mofl excellent antifcoibutic, and mult be very beneficial to fiiip's ere as crews in long voyages. Signed William Applegarth.'* Certificate of Captain Thomas Newt e, Commander of the Ceres Indiaman. This is to certify, that I ordered a quantity of Spruce to be fent on board the Ceres Indiaman, on my laft voyage to India, in the years 1777 and 1778, which was made into Beer, and conftantly given to my (hip's company at the rate of a pint per man per day. I can with great truth aflert, that its effetts were very falutary, efpecially as an antifcorbutic. I was eighteen months in performing the voyage, and the greateft part of that time at fea, yet I loll only two men. In my paffage home from the ifland of St. Helena, I had ftill greater proofs of its excel- lency ; Captain Moutray, of his Majefty's (hip War- Mtdck, acquainted me that many ot his people were a(fiiaed [ 8 ] afflidled with that dreadful diibrder the Scurvy, in conrequencc of which, I fcnt him a fufficient quan- tity of Spruce to give each man a pint a diiy until they arrived at Portfmouth, which (topped ihc pro- grcfs of the Scurvy, and enabled him to bring mod of them to England, where they recovered. Signed Thomas Newte. Commander of the Ceres Indiaman. London, Aug. 30, 1779." Copy of a Letter from Captain Robert Maw, Com- mander of the Duke of Kingdon Eaft Indiaman. Sir, In confequence of your application to me relative to the efficacy of the Eflence of Spruce, which you fupplied the (hip Duke of Kingllon with on her late voyage to Bengali ^ I am to inform you that I made ufe of it during the whole time of my being at fea, giving to each man one pint in the morning, which anfwercd according to the account given me by Cap- tain Raymond Snow. The Scurvy never made its appearance, notwithstanding I was thirteen weeks on my palTage from Madrafs to the Cape of Good Hope, and in that time experienced very bad weather \ it is to be underftood the Beer was made according to direc- tions given to my furgeon. I am. &c. Robert Maw. New Inn, Sept. I, 1779." Copy of a Letter from Captain Charles Mears, Commander of the Egmont Eaft Indiaman. " Blackheath, Augufl 30, 1779. Sir, I have the favour of yours of the 27th inftant, dc- firing I will fay what I know concerning the Eflence of [ 9 ] f)Ft,.. .'}, t fnn'iviih great truth f.iy, that mypeOi pie vvcic ex'ctrJidg ford of (he Brer made from ic, aiul tliK ic was Virry cafy to make it; the (hip's (lcA^» uiU had the manageii^cnc of it, and with two 60 gal-^ Ion caiks made on purpole, he kept a condanc luc-' ccillon of iti but whether it was particularly benefn cial to the healths of the Seamen, I mult refer you to my fiirgeon Mr. Michael Keiley, who may be heard of at Mr. l^lunketc's, Chapple-rtreet, Mayfair. The Seamen were very healthy all the voyage, and I think it very reafonioie to fuppofe, that the Spruce f)eer greatly contributed in keeping them lb. 1 had the pleafuie of giving Sir Edward Hughes ac St. Helena as much Efliince and Moloflcs as ferved to malve Beer for his own and his officers table from thence to England, and have often heard him fpeak of it in very high terms, and fay that he hoped it would foon be introduced into the Navy. I am, &c. Charles Mlars, Commander of the Egmont. Copy of a Letter from Mr Michael Reilet, Sur- geon of the Egniont, Caj.tain Chahles Mears. Sir, Tn compliance with yourrcqueft and my doty to the public, 1 think your Spruce Beer a happy invention, it being a good liquor and powerful antifcorbutic ; and by giving the men a pint a day, of which they were very fond, it preferved them from all Scorbutic complaints during the voyage. It was brewed by the fliip's fteward, and is attended with no manner of in- convenience, will keep for any length of time needful in any climate whaiev .r. I do not only recommend, but look upon ic as a very valuable acquifition to (hips on long voyages. I am, diQ. Signed Michael Heiley. Surgeon of the Egmont. B Cerciiicate C 'o 3 Certiucate of Mr. Tkpmas Brab, Surgeon, of \h^ Ceres Indiaman. Thcfe are to certify, that the ftiip Ceres, in the fer- vice of the Ha(t India Company, was fupplied with a quantity of EfTence of Spruce to make Spruce Beer for the ufe of the Seamen. We began to ufc it when we had been out about two months, and continued to fupply the men wiih from a pint to a quart a day per man for the voyage ; and the men were in general very fond of it, and kept their hefalths remarkably well ; and I am convinced from expe- rience, it is an exceeding good wholefome Beer, and one of the bed antifcorbutics yet difcovered v it was brewed with very little trouble, and keeps extremely well in all climates \ve went through. Signed Thomas Brae* < i Certificate of John Evan?, Surgeon of the Duke of Kingdon Indiaman* I do hereby certify, that I have had a quantity of EfTence of Spruce fent on board to make Spruce Beer for the ufe of the Seamen in both my laft voy- tges to India •, and I do affert that I never met with any tiling fo efficacious in prcfcrving the healths of the men. We gave it in the quantity of a quart a day per man, and both officers and men were very fond of it i and we had not one fcorbutic cafe except one man we took on board in India aimod emaciated with the Scurvy, and he was foon cured by drinking the Spruce Beer, and we brought him home in good health. Il is brewed with very little trouble, and kept well in all climates we pafled, and I do believe it to be a very wholeioiue good beer, and excellently calculated calculated to fupply (hips at fea, as we brewed it every foBT OT five days without any inconvenience. Signed John Evans. I have examined the above certificate, and believe it to beftridtly true. Justinian Nutt, Commander of the Duke of Kingfton. Copy of a Letter from D. James Hutton, Surgeon of the Earl Mansfield, Captain Frazer, and wit- Defied by him. Sir, In compliance wjth "your requeft", and in duty to the public, I do hereby declare, that during mjr laft voyage in the Earl of Mansfield, William Frazer, Efq. Commander, to China, when the (hip's com- pany were attacked and reduced to the greateft dif- trefs by the fcurvy ; 1 found the moft happy efFcds to arife from the ufe of your Ellence of Spruce, as only one man, who had ^en previoufly weakened by a flux of fome weeks (landing, out of upwards of ieventy who were affii^ed, fell a viftlm to this dif- cafe, which raged with great viollncc for feven weeks. The antifcorbutic powers of the Spruce Beer wcn^ remarkable; many it cured. In many more it pre- vented its farther progrefs, and even tho(c who were reduced to the laft and moft painful ftage of the dii- eafe, had their complaints relieved, and were enabled to prolong, with lome degree of comfort, an exift- cnce which muft have been otherwifc wretched, till oilr arrival at the cape of Good Hope, after a palTage of eighteen weeks, and put an entire ftop to the ra- vages of this difeafe. Upon the whole, I regard it in this inftance to have been the principal means, un- der God, of preferving many valuable lives •, and I fincerely hope, that future experience will confirm B 2 ing [ '2 ] my fentiments in confidering Spruce Beer not only as a mod excellent and efficacious preventative from the Scurvy, but in a powerful manner reltraining the violence, and preventing the fatality that fo generally attends that diforder after it m^ikes its appearance, William Fraser, James SuTxorf, Commander of the Ear| Surgeon, of Mansfield. Copy of a Certificate from Jojin Mouat, Efq. Purler of his Majefty's Ship the Warwick, -r-^— Collins, Efq. Commander. Thefe are to certify, the Honpurahle the Commif- ficners for Vid\ialling his ]VIajefty'<5 Navy, th.t there were received on board his Majefty's Ihip Warwick, from Mr. Thomas Bridge, by order of Sir Edward Hughes, to Captain llichard Collins, thirty-nine pots of EiTcfnce of Spruce, containing one pound and one quarter of a pound each, and thirteen hundred, one quarter and eight pounds of Molofles for the ul'e of thelhip's company, in cafe of the appearance of the Scurvy taking place amongfl: them, which was all made ufe of during ^he pafliigc to St. Helena and home, that was between the 8th of March and the 15th of December 1779, and was allowed by the Syrgeon and reft of the officers to have been a great means of eradicating the alorefaid diforder, which IV- veral times threatened us in the courfe of the faid voyage. Given under my hand on boart) his IVIdjefty's faid fhip Warwick in Portlmouth harbour, the 30th of January^ 1781. Signed John Mouat, C-Ttificatc L n ] Certificate of fun dry Gentleman, Hufbancis of Ships in the Icrvicc: 6t" tticr Honourable the Eaft India Company. We, nhofe names arc hereunto fubfcribed, do cer- tify that fcverai of our ihips have lu^en fupplied with Eil'ence of Spruce to make Spruce Beer, and that our commander, furgeons, and officers, have (Irongly re- commended it as a very wiifjlcfome good beer, and an excellent fcorhuric, and that the crews were ex- tremely healthy on thofe voyages that the (hips \ ere Supplied with ir, Siyicd by Sir Cijales Raymond, Andrew Moffatt, Kfq. William Dent, Efq. 11. H. Pei.ly, Klq. KoBERT Williams, Efq. John Raymond, iifq. That, after the CommifTioners of Sick and Vrounded h;,il examined thefe certificates, they were plcafed to make the following report on the i 4rh of Sep- tember 1779. To rhilip Stephens, F.fq. Office of Sick and Wv)i;;u'ed Seamen, Scptcniler 14, 1779. Sir, In return to your letter of t! e tqr'i of Ip.H n^^nth, accompanied by the inclofed rftition to the llighc Honourable the Lords Commiuioners of the Ad- miralty, from Thomas Bridge, Pater.tee of the Kflence of Spruce, rcp'efenting that he had dif- covered a procefs of exit acting and reducing the properties of the Spruce Tree into an Efl'ence, 7 from r H 1 J from which, with Moloires, a wholcfome beer may be made, and of great uk* m preventing the Scurvy, and d firing it may be introduced into the Navy, ns it may be furniilied as cheap as the fmall beer Supplied to the King's Chips \ and in obedience to their Lordfhips diredions, that ^e (hould take the fame into confideraiion, and report our opinion what may be proper to be done thereon ; we dcfire you will pleafe to ac<]uaint their Lordfhips, that we have had Spruce Beer brewed from lome of the faid extraft under our infpedlioii, and find the proc fs eafily ma* naged, and the Beer a very good drink. That we have bad a variety of evidence of its good ^ffedts laid before us, and are of opinion thae it may very pro- perly be introduced into the Navy in (hips going long voyages, or on long cruizes ; and as the procefs of fermentation can be carried on at fea in any cHmate, we would humbly propofe that the fimple ingre- iliencs fhould be provided by the Vi^ualling Board, and delivered to the purfers, and be confidered as part of the viftualling ftores. With refpedt to the price at which Beer may be made of tnc Eflence of S'pruce, as the price of mo- loflcs is fluftuating, that cannot be precifely afcer- taincd, which we mention, as the petitioner feems to think it will be about equal to the price of Imall beer for the Navy, but we humbly conceive it will not be fo high in general as .to be any object to alfed the ^pply of ic to the King's fhips. We are, &c. Signed J. Bell. Waller Farquharson, r0s£rt lulman. That, [ «5 3 That, in confequence of the above, I did receive orders from their Lordfhip to attend the Vidualling Board, to fix with them what quantity it would be neceflary to allow each (hip according to the number of men, and length of the voyage ; that, in confe- quence of (uch their Lordlhip's orders, the Commif- uoners of Vliftualling did make the following report. Sir, Vi£tualling Office, October 8, 1779* We received your letter of the 20th of September laft, inclodng a Memorial which the Right Honour- able the Lords Commiflioners of the Admiralty had received from Thomas Bridge, reprefcnting that he had difcovcred a procefs for extrafting and reducing the properties of the Spruce tree into an ElTence, from which, with moloiTes, a wholefome Beer may be made, which may be of great ufe in preventing the Scurvy, anddefiring that it may be introduced into the Navy ; and acquainting us of their Lordfhips having direfted the Commiflioners for Sick and Hurt to confider and report their opinion what may be proper to be done thereupon'*, and they having in- formed their Lordfhips that they are of opinion it may be very properly introduced into the Navy in fliips going long voyages or on long cruizes ; and as the procels of fermentation can be carried on at Tea in any climate, have propofed that the fimple ingre- dients^ ihou Id be provided by our board, and de- livered to the purfers as part of the vidtualling ftores ; alfo fignifying their Lordfhips direftions to us, to propofe what quantities of the faid ingredients it may DC proper to fupply to a (hip of each clafs on the fervices therein mentioned. Agreeable to their Lord- fcips diredlions, we have made the following calcu- - • lations [ •« ] lations of the quantity for eacli rnre, which we think a full proportion confuLTing .the ilowage the MoioflTcs will require, viz. For Iom!'vovip'«'s. i moiuh. roichaniu:lcnii/.e 1 2 3 li 3 4. .-50 s* 15 3i 26 7 2 li «; 300 4^ li 3 I i J ^4 6 1 2^ ^i- 6 200 3" 8 2 2 '^r 4 I 4 I looj js 100 »5 4 I 4 I 7i ;< 16 I But at the fame time wc beg leave to remind their Lordlliips of our letters of tlie 4th and i ith of Au- gull laft, refpedting the utility of the Elknce of Wort, which is more fimple in its procels, take^ up Icfs ftovvap^e, and is produdive of more lalutary ends, wc arc returning the papers which came inr.loled. Sir, your nioll humtjle fervants, Jonas Hanwav, j. Rates, A. Chorlev. That, in ccnfcquenre of thislafl report, I heard no more of tiieir Lorolhips. That your Memorialiit ftill n..dlng that the good tlTctfts of the Spruce Beer grew more and more con- fpicuous, lo much io that every fliip in the fervice of the Honourable the Ealt India Company is now fup- plied with it, and that it was fpoke of with univcrfal credit in that fervice, and being apprchenfjve that unfavourable fentimcnts had been introduced to their l.ordfhips, which had cauled its hindrance, he did crave leave to have a copy of tiie faid rt ports, when to his j^rcat iu! prize l.j found thole from the Com- iiiiiTioners y^^t^. L >7 ]. mifTioners of Viclualling fo very unfavourable, and, I moft humbly crave leave to fay, founded in error. That your Memorialift humbly hopes he may be permitted to flate a comparative view of the difference between the Eflcnce of Malt and the EflTcncc of Spruce, which he doubts not will convince your Lordfhips, that no liquor whatfoever can be better calculated to fupply a (hip's crew in all climates than the Spruce Beer, nor is it poflible to have any thing that will take lefs (lowagc, particularly to fupply both the Indias Spruce Beer from the Eflence of Spruce. As to tie efficacy of Spruce Beer in preventing, Itopping the progrefs and cure of the fcurvy, I beg to refer to the certificates hereto annexed, or numbers more that I can get if it is re- quired. This Beer anfwers both as beverage and medicine, and confequently is a great faving to Government, as it docs not coft near half the price of fpi- rits ; but if half the ufual quan- titiy of fpirit was given, as is ufuat, and one quart of Spruce Beer, the faving would then be about io6l. per month per a fird rate, and the fcamen would he pleafed and their health pre- ierved. Procefs of making Spruce Beer. Pomp out of the butt 8 gal- lons of water, pour the ingre- dients in, ftir it with a llick to -^j^u^ nix it, and let it Hand iMMlays, it is dune. Malt Beer from the Eflcnce of Wort.' As to the efficacy of IMalt Wort, I have never heard it fpoke of by any perfon that has ufed both as in any decree equal to Spruce, and it does not an- fwer any purpofe as a beverage, but a fimple medicine, and con- fequently an additional expence to Government, as they have their ufaal quantity of fpirit, &c. Procefs of making Wort of the Eflence ot Malt. Break the l!.lience into fmall pieces, and pour upon it hot or boiling water, and lUr it about *till u IS diliblved. One pint of the Eflence to one gcilien of water iviil make moderately flrong and pure Wort: it may be made ilronger or weaker, by adding more or lefs Eflence. [ iS ] Hur it warrr Oinukl cvu- be n muft be made frefli twice jiuici. wiiiicJ, iw.li ail oiiue jn twenty-four hours, and to o! uic hui.ct of .-i^ucf, with cool the Wort as foon as pof- a liric lin.it;, iVr.ij^ or no- fible after the Effence is dif- \v'Jc», given fli ;i :i:cJiti.ic, Jblved. Avii; iH'. i..u..il lu Ik.vc it ^try ^ When a few pounds of the /A.'.'i J" <, 1>|||».II» to.iij ic. i!.Li;ic iiii.l 'J.iilil.-, liCvclfh.:- Eflence is only to be uled, it may be cut out of the cafk with ];G it cut.;ii>;> ;n^^n >" l^*^^' a chifel. When a calk is to be h K .:c.-i btitu-, ;mu iinfwiis u ^^fg^ ^^ ^ time, the whole of .iouo.u ji-rj.iie, Uuvii a* u.cJi- ^Y^^ Effence contained in the C.v: aid or.rk, caaus Km J^s'^jfl^ ^igy i,^ feparated from it in a fohd body. If the head is taken out and the hoops loolened, it may then be placed in a clean fub, large enough for the pur- fofe, broken to pieces with a atchet, &c. and dilTolved. u c'-i ii- ((Av.r.-.cn iniall l>c'<-i m .J)'::, 'Ik- I'.ai'i :,i;d \. tti Ii.- ■• I.e. t, a .1. iot!iiiM> i,' thcu", 7. Us.. J. jn :•..! .;: LK'n in^n .i piV^<>t i-.ci 1' ;; (!.i\'. V, i.'i coil ill ti'iifi' in- ci'.CS l..> I. :<■;'.■ lb'''. .-.ItHI'. j;.-i t>U. lu ^^ if~\- }i''' 1-^^' ;ic;i yt;;!', lu li lii |-.u:OLfcl.l.;;v.i lO:. to i ti. |>tr J..:.!, jti- -.Cur, U)"i,:.a lujjp.'iiui; I. .L.. U>..II '.11 w r '.-. llifMltlili 111 ."' - ' i '. " i i . Sl'iui t: i.in.vc ., 111., I) i.l, ;i ui.l M'( C>»ll • . ;() :,;t. j I r yt-.o- ■» r ■ i! '.ni iii hvujii', ;.i »1 - 1 . cl lii 'II 2 (Mi.lM .» <'.:y, i! ..ill J .•<. '<• I i; . \.\\<, lii l.ii.C t Qliantum of Stowage. ' ^T^'^?i^'^^''^^U. . Left than 8 gallons ofall the .,^.5 8^ "ons of Effence of Malt neceffary mateliais makes ope ^J f,''^^ °^,?"'.' ^^^ort. butt of beer ^ ^"'' *^°'^' " ""^^ "^®*^ '^ " ! as a medicine, confequently its whole bulk is extra uowage as ^ well as an extra wafte of water, : ^^^^.A^^/^ /^^y^yy^.. /.^/.^^' y^ y..,y^Yy /^^a^^,,. I t 7 ^>^-^ *^^'^^ *f/t^ry .-t^y^^t-^ t r' 7 M^ ^ */-^ ■- Vs*ry .*/ ^ ^// ">^ V« i^ -c- ^^^ i/^ 4^^l/ /^^^tY .^^'C^-^i! ^ *^-w