■-■i* w V ^> \^- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 12.8 IS^ lul^ ■ 2.2 us IS 14.0 1^ - 6" Photographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WtST MAIN STRUT WIBSTn,N.Y. MSM (716)I73-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may altar any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. r — I Coloured covers/ U Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou pelliculde □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i. i. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur D D D D Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^e peut causar de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires: L'institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui pauvent exiger une modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurdes et/ou pe!licul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxei Pages ddcolordes, tachet^es ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Qualit^ indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du mal6riel supplementaire I — I Pages damaged/ r~~| Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~pr Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r^ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ □ Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film6es d nouveau de facon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 1SX 22X 12X 16X s/ 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Thomas Fither Rare Boole Library, University of Toronto Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible consid'^ring the condition and legibility of the original copy and in iteeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^'»> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplsire film6 fut reproduit grAce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reprodultes avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de I'exemplaire film6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont film6s en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiimto en commengant par Sa premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 A partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6c»48aire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 > /i 2 3 4 5 6 ,»f ,. ^ McMaster University. i I * Ebuoational Abbresses : ^^.^^.x■^ \'\.>.*v.\\.-\.% w\.' I. Opening of the Arts Department, Oct. 10, 1890 II. Unveiling of Portrait of Dr. Fyfe, Oct, 17, 1880, III. Sermon before the Convention, Oct, 19. 1890 \Vj h a / ^.^.■^.x^.^.\^.%\\^^.^. •%.%>•> ^■^.■v^^ APR I 19 •roRON ro : Di'DiiRT & Burns, Printurs, U Colbornk St. 1890. 87 ( e y- s r ■v f :r^ i 1. H J ^; ' i ^ ' h w '"■■'Ji t Ul" 'r /- t I i/ i „ l^ h ■ '■^ ? i * 'Z 'li ^; ^'^ i .< '. 5 f *$l ^1 5 ^ * f .4 %''^'l \: U^ i; vj. ■j^ -i ^ f.i. }4if^rrH?t^ f-' * f ^"l«'l/ Is- McMaster University. \ p- i Ebucational Abbresses : x: - *?5l L Opening of the Arts Department, Oct. 10, 1890. II. Unveiling of Portrait of Dr. Fyfe , Oct, 17. 1880 III. Sermon before the Convention, Oct, 19. 1890 TORONTO: DuDLRT & Burks, Printbrh, 11 Colbornb St. 1890. i EDUCATIONAL ADDRESSES. I. THE OPENING OF THE ARTS DEPARTMENT. The formal opening of the Arts Department of Mc- Master University took place on Friday evening, October 10, 1890, in McMaster Hall. The Baptists of Toronto were present in large numbers,and many were compelled to be satisfied with standing room about the entrances. The Hon. John Dry den presided. Rev. Dr. Thomas, pastor of the Jarvis Street Baptist Church, Toronto, opened the services with a brief prayer. The Hon. Mr. Dry den expressed his sense of the great honor done him when he was requested to preside. This was, he said, the first public meeting held in con- nection with educational matters since the different depart- ments provided for by the charter of the University had been put in operation, and he congratulated not only those present but the entire Baptist body on the auspicious opening of their University. The result had not been reached without much labor and persistent effort. Some of them, if they were asked to go through the ordeal a,gain, would feel like shrink- ing from it, but now they were willing to forget the past in the present consummation. True, they were just beginning, and the structure was still to be reared. Yet he would have thought it a calamity to have started otherwise than in a humble manner. If the institution was ever to reach that eminent and useful position that its friends hoped, it must be by steady and gradual growth. They would not boast of what had been done in the past, but rather rejoice that no Christian body ever had greater opportunities for usefulness than the Baptist denomination. He spoke of the two depart- ments of the University, arts and theology, as leaning upon and yet supporting each other, with the two outside Academic Schools — Woodstock and Moulton Colleges — as feeders to the University, and in the same line of work. He quoted from Sir Daniel Wilson, the learned President of University Col- lege, who said that no delusion was greater than the assunjp- tion that the highest intellectual culture was inimical to trade or economical pursuits. Mr. Dryden wished to reiterate and emphasize the sentiment from the standpoint of a layman. If power were given him, and he desired to give the greatest blessing possible to the class to which he himself belonged, his aim would be to provide for them a more complete and thorough intellectual training. Knowledge in itself will not turn aside its possessors from commerical pursuits. If some young people in endeavoring to obtain that knowledge were turned aside, it was because of a false and spurious public sentiment. He believed in education, in higher education ; and he believed that this University would bring this higher education to some of their people who would not otherwise be reached. He closed by saying that he hailed with delight the time that saw the University in all its departments in full operation. In introducing Dr. Rand, Mr. Dryden said that Dr. Rand had been all his life connected with educational work. He had held a prominent place in the organization of the ^I'ee schools of the Maritime Provinces; had been a Prof esse r in the Theological Department of McMaster, and had been Principal of Woodstock College. For the past year or more, he had been studying in England, and had now, at the re- quest of his brethren and co-workers, consented to deliver the principal address of this evening. DR. RAND'S ADDRESS. We are all very glad that you as chairman of the Board of Governors, Mr. Drydea are able to preside on this interest- ing occasion ; and I am su 'e I cannot at this moment utter a more appropriate word thcin to express the gratification of the friends of McMaster University in view of your recent appointment as administrator of an important department of the Executive Government of Ontario. We all know that this is not the first time you have shown your interest in this the youngest of the Universities of the Dominion, but that in the procuring of its charter and in the laborious discharge of duty as a member of the Board of Governors you have given many and signal proofs of your interest in the great work for which McMaster University has been organized, and is now being more completely equipped. LOSSES OF THE YEAR. This is the first public meeting, ladies and gentlemen, which I have been privileged to attend in connection with the University for more than a year. As I attempt briefly to address you, I cannot forget the losses which have been ours during that shoit period. Dr. Castle has passed away. We all revered and loved him, and joyfully recognize how much he did to aid our benefactor, the late Senator McMaster, in the development of a long formed purpose to supply supe- rior facilities for Theological training. He stood on this spot with uncovered head when the virgin soil was broken to re- ceive the foundations of McMaster Hall, and was for eight years the prudent, wise, and devoted Principal of Toronto Baptist College, conducted within these walls. When failing health compelled him to relinquish the Principalship, it seemed to be a great satisfaction to him that our brother, Prof. D. A. McGregor, was chosen to be his successor. Young, widely beloved, of large abilities, full of promise, and yearn- ing for the best service, Mr. McGregor responded to the united call of his brethren, and resolved to give himself as Principal of the Theological Department to the work of pre- paring men for the gospel ministry. Alas, before he could gird himself for the discharge of the new duties which he had assumed, the Lord called His servant to Himself. This place has already become very sacred to some of us, and these () heavy ]>ereavements are recognized as mighty voices calling to us for greater earnestness and consecration in the work entrusted to our hands. The great losses to which 1 have re- ferred have received peculiar emphasis in the resignation of Chancellor Mac Vicar, whose years of untiring labor in Ijehalf of the several departments of our educational work have done so much to bring about their equipment and present organi- zation. THE (JHEAT GAIN'S ALSO. But the i)ast year has not been wholly one of loss and sore trial. Woodstock College, under the iuspiration of Principal Huston and his experienced masters, is filled with earnest students, while Moulton Ladies' College begins the work of a new year with an able corps of teachers presided over by a lady of large educational experience, and is surely assuming the condition, young as it is, of a well organized and strong school. Additional professors of established repu- tation have been added to the faculty of the theological de- partment, and since it is now the largest in Canada, wo may be pardoned for believing it to be, I will not say the ablest, but at least second to none in Christian scholarship and teaching powei-. At this time also the Senate and the Board of Governors have united in bringing into operation the Arts Department, through which it is believed all the departments will be strengthened and bound together, and thus related, achieve a manifest corporate existence and life as McMaster University. A professoriate sufficient in numbers for the present, and, in the judgment of the Senate, composed of men of adequate educational experience and teaching ability, has been appointed. We have admitted students to the work of the first year of the course, and an additional class will be admitted each year hereafter. This means the enlargement of the professoriate as required, and I have no doubt additional accommodation in the near future. THE LESSONS OF FIFTY YEARS. For more than fifty years the Baptist denomination within the territory now embraced in Ontario and Quebec has been doing certain distinctive work in connection with advanced edv\cation. The Baptist College, Montreal, and the projected McLay College, Toronto, were theological schools. The col- lege at Montreal did excellent service, but events showed that it was projected on too limited a basis permanently to accom- plish in a satisfactory manner even the special aim of pre- paring men to preach the gospel. It relied upon schools having no connection or sympathy with it for the chief literary training of those who should become its students, if, indeed, they were to have a liberal education at all. The college was unable to survive the peculiar trials and struggles incident to its existence. It is interesting to note in this connection that the late Dr. Cramp left the College at Montreal, and after- wards became President of Acadia College, an institution whose work was planned in a broader spirit, and in whose development the academic and arts departments were made central from the beginning. Acadia College commands to- day the largest attendance of any college in the Atlantic Provinces. When the McLay College, Toronto, was projected, its promoters were at special pain to repudiate the idea of any collegiate institution controlled by Baptists having any- thing to do with classical >r scientific education. This college was never actually opened for the reception of students. On a distinctly different basis did Dr Fyfe propose " the starting at some central and accessible point in the West a good academy for the young men and women belonging to our de- nomination." He was sure this could be done " if our people would cultivate a little m^ -e largeness of soul, a little more forbearance with one another. ' The school was not to be theo- logical, but he affirmed that it would obviously be a very good preparatory school for a college, while it would furnish to all a means of social and intellectual culture. It is clear from this proi)osal, says his biographer, that Dr. Fyfe had a strong conviction that a Christian people, as such, may do large service in providing facilities for literary training, and that education under religious influences is the best training for other spheres in life as well as for the pulpit. This pio- posal resulted in the founding of the Literary Institute at Woodstock, with its literary and theological departments, which at certain times in its history carried its literary courses as far as the close of the second year of the arts course. It is manifest from this backward glance that the nature and character of the work undertaken at Woodstock was distinctly broader than that previously attempted or pro- posed, and touched the life of the student, and through it the activities of society and the church, not merely in a special and somewhat professional manner, but in ways which minis- tered to the varied and higher functions of human society ]! and life. This is a far more fruivful conception of the work than those which preceded it. Tljere are life and sustaining energy in it, and as experience of its results is had it strikes its roots deeper into the minds of thoughtful men. It does not die. I state what is well know and freely acknowledged, that much of the best educational work in connection with our own institutions, whether we regard its results on students j)ursuing courses of general study, or on students having the ministry in view, has been done under conditions which lent hourly emphasis to the importance of broad mental training as distinguished from limited or special subjects of study. Nor will a careful and impartial consideration of the work done since the founding oi the Toronto Baptist College as a theological school modify in any important degree this vital fact of our educational experience and history. Indeed, were it necessary to do so, it would not be difficult to show that the experience of the past nine years lends itself in powerful confirmation of that of j^revious years. I have reason to know that it was this conviction which inspired Senator Mc- Master, in the latter years of his life, with the earnest desire that our colleges at Woodstock and Toronto should be brought into harmony of aim and united in work. The aims and purposes embodied in McMaster University are the outcome of our educational experience. We are not proposing to try some new and strange experiment, but to make earnest and straightforward use of the knowledge gained from the eftbrts of the past fifty years. We have leaiiied something of the transcendent value in the formation of character, and the development of life, whatever the calling in view, of courses of liberal study pursued under the stimulus and discipline of qualified Christian teachers, so conditioned that they may freely bring to bear as an educative force the truths "of the Divine Word, illumined by the perfect example of the man Christ Jesus. We have learned at the same time how in- valuable such an education is to those who are to be preachers of the gospel at home and abroad, and that we shall never secure highly trained men in sufficient numbers for this special service until we completely equip and vigorous!}- sustain our academic and arts departments as central in our educational work. THE AIM IS TO EDUCATE. Our aim is to educate men and women. I employ the term in a very serious sense, and wish to put large meaning into it. To educate means to evolve faculty or power, and a T ST o 9 liberal education means the evolving, not of one faculty, but of all faculties ; in general, the faculty of intellect, the faculty of emotion, and the faculty of right reason, which latter faculty assumes a healthy and disciplined interaction of the functions of intellect and emotion. A liberal education recognizes all faculties essentially human, developing them b}' exercise, and co-ordinating them in exercise. An integral education involves, therefore, the associated development of the faculties and the co-ordination of their functions. Its ultimate aim is to establish in the individual such a relation between his various faculties or powers as shall result in the consciousness of wholeness and unity, and to bring into co- operative activity, at will, all his energies as the free move- ment of a living and consciously harmonious organism. Until something approaching this consciousness of unity and power 's attained by the individual, it is certain that, even though his faculties may be severally developed, he himself is largely undisciplined, untrained, unorganized, uneducated. Power, efficient life, is the end sought. Organized energy is power, is life ; and he who would obtain it can do so only by undergoing a discipline which both develops the individual faculties and co-ordinates them in harmonious action. Viewed in its essentials, Christian education as a consci- ous process means the development of a life ; the turning of possibilities into powers, and the effort to control these powers by a conscience enlightened by the Word and Spirit of the Divine Master and Teacher. It means the cultivation of true and pure tastes, the choice and pursuit of worthy ideals, and the effort to establish a unity and balance of all «he forces of one's nature. It means self-dicipline, self-training, self- organization, the gel uing the use of one's self. So far as this process is actually perfected in any individual, there results not knowledge only or chiefly, but mastership. There is not only insight into the laws of one's boing, but spontaneous obedience to their requirements. There is not only a con- sciousness of existence, but of self-hood, a willing, executing, responsibb personality, while character assumes a plrce superior to scholarship, and culture becomes auxiliary to service. In the struggle after completeness of character, and in the surrender to service for God and men, man fiinds his true place, his true life. SPECIAL MEANS FOR THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. In pursuance of these high aims the charter of this University requires that the Bible shall be a text-book in all its departments, and oliat all the professors, masters, and teachers shall be members in good standing of Evangelical Churches. There is assumed not only the existence of God, but that He was manifest in the flesh in the man Christ Jesus, who is the prophet, priest, and kiug of men ; and that therefore the ethical interpretation of man's nature, responsi- bilities, and relations, as being under Divine rule, demands sovereign recognition. " He put away sin by the sacrifice of himself," is at once the most unique and the most important fact which can come to the minds and hearts of those who would beget in otheis the Ciiristlike qualities of character, and kindle the Christlike spirit of service. I would here note how fully the freedom enjoyed in McMaster University conditions professors and teacheis to minister with warm and tender sympathy to those students — and their number is perhaps greater to-day than evei' before — who are brought into deep mental perplexity and trial as the}^ pursue subjects of advanced study. It is an hour of special trial foi' many a spirit attempered to fine issues. The very atmosphere of iiis life seems at such a time charged with strange import, and his spirit is unnerved : What a murmur and motion I hear ! . . . And the air undersings The light stroke of their wings — And all life thr.t approaches I wait for in fear. The face of eternity peers upon him through the thin veil of time. Life is a deeper and more wonderful thing than he had dreamed. His relations to God become clouded, and he findg himself obliged to seek sure footing in a rational faiih instead of the traditional one which he had hitherto found sufficient. In such a crisis nothing can help or harm him so much as the atmosphere of the college life in which he moves, and nothing can count for more than sympathy wisely given by those to whom such experiences are not strange. COURSES OF STUDY. As to the courses of study, the Arts Department offers to its students a wjll-balanced general course of four years, only those students being permitted to take honors who are able to reach and maintain, without undue effort, a standing of seventy-five per cent. This arrangement places honors within reach of only well-qualified and strong students. We conceive that the development of the man, as I have already stated, 11 should be the aim of an arts cours ■, rather than the making of an incipient doctor, or minister, or lawyer. It is said that no one thinks of rearing the ideal horse, but horses for the saddle, carriage, or dray ; that no cultivator concerns himself with symmetrical growth when he can readily supply the de- mand for the particular part of a vegetable, as the root, the flower, or the seed, by a special process to this end. By such analogies it is sought to justify a practice which seriously threatens the substitution of specialization for liberal culture. The very fact that by the constitution of society all men are fore-ordained to special callings and forms of service, is of itself a weighty presumption that such ordination should not involve the sacrifice of anything essential to the completion of the largest and noblest manhood. What does it matter that we have clever specialists, it they are only specialists ? The need of our time, and of all times, is !nen first and men last. A graduate in arts should etiter upon the special duties of life with resisting power sufficient to preserve his personality in its wholeness and fulness against the narrowing encroachments of his profession. By superiority of faculty and life, the pro- duct of liberal studies, he should be in possession of the power of keeping himself above the mere functions of a special call- ing. The antagonisms between liberal culture and the exigen- cies of life are not irreconcilable ; but such a proportion and balance are possible as shall secure the enrichment and en- noblement of professional life by the overflowing energies and powers of a perfected manhood, and give to society that nour- ishment and unimpaired impulse for its best development which cannot adequately be communicated from any other source. The presence of mere specialists in the higher depart- ments means a necessary loss and incompleteness, since we know in advance that a mastery of one subject presupposes an acquaintance with the elements of many. It is not, however, so much the variety of knowledge attained as the fact of many-sided development that confers signal advantage. There comes to the student who pursues sound courses of liberal studies a wide development of faculty, and the variety of thinking power and feeling power which such a student is thus enabled to carry with him into his special occupation provides the conditions of mastership. And so we judge we shall do the best ser*vice in the arts depar-tment by aiming to make the student as much a man or woman as possible, and thus perform at once the highest service to the individual life, and condition that life for a hopeful entrance upon whatever 12 1 i f special department cf work may be chosen. In addition to the general course of study for the baccalaureate degree the University will shortly be prepared to announce courses for the degrees of Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Laws. Lectures will be delivered on the subjects prescribed for these advanced courses, in order to place before the student the bsst methods of conducting the investigations undertaken, the points requiring special atten- tion, the proper conditions and necessary limits of the lines of investigation pursued. Students pursuing these advanced courses will be required to be in attendance at the University but seven weeks in each year. I should here add that, in ad- dition to the degree of Bachelor of Theology conferred on the completion of the advanced courses of study in the Thological Department, courses for the higher degrees are already pre- scribed and published. We hope to carrj' on our work in harmony with sound educational principles. There is no teaching except as there is active co-operation on the part of those taught. It is not a one-sided process, but is co-operative and co-active. We ex- pect that the thought of the student will be brought forth freely in the class-room for examination. Direct, earnest, sympathetic contact of student and professor in the presence of the class is indispensable in securing the high results at which we aim. INDEPENDENCE ESSENTIAL. In undertaking and carrying forward the work proposed to be done we require entire freedom in the exercise of all the functions of a self-competent body, an organism having an in- dependent life. The professors must be so conditioned as to be leaders and guides in a real sense to their students in their several departments of study. In rendering the service for which they have been chosen they will not be striving for the mere acquisition of facts or curious lore on the part of their students, but for the evoking of their powers and the massing of them in compact and noble character. The conduct of study and discipline for these high ends must of necessity tax the best efforts possible to any body of educators. Unless, there- fore, they are conditioned for independent and responsible service, severally and as a body, their work must lack those sanctions necessary to command the ardor and moral enthu- siasm of their students. In this respect McMaster University has nothing to desire. Its autonomy is complete. The Uni- >ll 13 versity is piodged in advance to maintain the standard of scholarship itj the Province, and in doing so it will exercise its independent lunctions with the fullest sense of responsi- bility. Following this course with prudent care, and yet with all needful courage, we trust we may be able as the years go by to contribute something of value in the field of liberal education. EXAMINATIONS. In all departments of the University it is proposed to bring into operation at once methods of examination which, if not according to teachers, masters and professors their full function in determining the standing of their students, will go far, I am confident, in placing both students and teachers in conditions favorable for the best work. The regulations of the Senate on this subject have been printed and distributed. There can be no doubt that education, and especially the more advanced, is in danger of becoming a mere race for examina- tion marks and prizes and newspaper honors. It is a very real and a very great danger. Extraneous and mechanical systems of examinations, so largely practised, can but drive further and further away the spirit of true study with its en- nobling motives and aims. Durirg my recent stay in Eng- land, whence our systems now in vogue are largely derived, I found abundant evidences of a reaction against what many foremost men call the tyranny of examinations. The end of true teaching is not the examination, nor is it the end of true study. Examinations have their place in the educational pro- cess, but that place is not that which they have usurped, and from which they rule teachers ami students with a rod of iron. Until they are reduced from the position of masters to that of servants in the work of education they must greatly paralyze the efforts of the best men for the advancement of scholarship and formation of high character. FREEDOM IN TEACHING. I have already referred to the freedom we are here con- ditioned to exercise by way of ministering to students in per- plexity and doubt concerning the deepest things of life. The fact that this University receives no pecuniary support from the State, but is voluntarily maintained, enables us to exercise a freedom of teaching otherwise impossible to us in important subjects of study. History is fraught with lessons of human 14 It and diviue wisdom. The past life of our fellow-men is an in- exhaustible fund accumulated for the life of to-day. The phi- losophy of history which fails to recognize God as one of its %ctors is condemned in the court of every man's conscience. Such a denial of God discredits the moral nature of man and destroys the ethical value of historical studies. In short, it is not history at all. This great subject will be open to the freest handling in McMaster University, and the principles and forces which are known to have determined the course of human history in all its deeper and graver issues will be ex- posed with impartiality. It is to be counted, too, a matter of especial moment that the Departments of Ethics, Philosophy, and Natural Science, while receiving the fullest and freest treatment, will be in charge of Christian men, who cannot be unmindful of the needs of their students. Necessity doth front the universe With an invincible gesture ; yet God reigns, and hears the prayers of men. The reverent pursuit of truth will be the aim of all investigations and dis- cussions. We shall have due freedom also to discuss the prin- ciples of civil government in themselves, and in their applica- tion in the development of the institutions of our beloved Canada. The principles of civil and religious liberty are in constant danger of being obscured even in the freest countries. The Christian body having ultimate control of this University has testified and taught both in Europe and on this continent that the State is a political corporation only, and cannot right- fully intermeddle with man in his relations with God. These principles should have free discussion in all institutions of learning among us, but until all are able to do this there is special reason why they should find a prominent place in the teaching of McMaster University. Our .safety as Canadians rests not, at bottom, in our political institutions, however per- fect, but in ourselves ; and vigilance has ever been the price of both civil and religious liberty. THE RELATIONS OF MCMASTER UNIVERSITY. The ultimate control of this University is practically vested in the Bapti.st Convention of Ontario and Quebec. Ail the departments, except that of theology, are open without religious tests to students of all places and countrie.s. The religious influences exerted will not be sectarian, but distinctly Christian and evangelical. One of its great purposesjs to diffuse the blessings of the higher education far more v.'idely I 15 among the j'ouog men and the young women of tb*^ Baptist denomination than has hitherto been practicable. Our doors are open to all, as I have said, and all are most welcome to share the best that we are able to give ; but our great bene- factor was undoubtedly influenced by the consideration that he could be the means of bringing the opportunity for the higher education much nearer to the children of baptist p!\- rents. As the Baptist Convention gratefully accepted the trust offered to them, we may with confidence anticipate the loyal and hearty support of ministers and laymen in bringing to the attention of all our people the educational advantages now provided in connection with this University, both at To- ronto and at Woodstock. By these and kindred means it will come to pass that in far greater numbers than heretofore the Baptists of Ontario and Quebec will receive the benefits of the higher education, and thus be qualified for a completer and richer service for their fellowmen and for God. Our name is written in large round hand on the page of history as pioneers in the advocacy and maintenance of civil and religious liberty and in the glorious work ot Foreign Missions. Woodstock College and Toronto Baptist College have their noble repre- sentatives in the foreign work to-day. We show that we are the inheritors of the principles and spirit of our fathers by availing ourselves with alacrity of all the power and inspira- tion which a Christian University is adapted to supply, in order that we may hasten at home and abroad the establish- ment of the Kingdom of Christ. The voluntary maintenance of a University with such high educational aims is calculated to command the sympathy, not onl}'^ of its more immediate constituency, but of the entire public. In so tar as we achieve successfully these aims shall we make the greatest contribu- tion in our power towards the welfare of society at large. We may assume that society about us has advanced sufficiently far beyond the condition of mere provincialism to welcome any well-ordered addition to the facilities for higher education. Variety in our higher schools of learning will save to our society something of that individuality which characterizes the people of England, and contributes co greatly to their strength. It is not to be forgotten that God fulfills himself in many ways, Lest one good custom should corrupt the world. The fruit which the tree bears attests its quality before men. McMaster University asks to be judged by the nobility of its aims and the quality of its work — the quality and equipment of the lives which shall go out from its schools. 16 ;■? I could wish that our revered but departed brother. Senator McMaster, had been spared to witness the organiz- ation of the University which bears his honored name. Among the many tokens of solid advancement which would arrest hin attention, I can well believe that none would fill him with greater pleasure than the opening of the Arts Department, with its first class of sixteen eager students, to whom any university might be proud to open its doors. It would surely have been a singular gratification to him to have learned that two young ladies are members of this class, for the plan of local examinations for women, the initial step towards their regular admission to University College, was first considered at Mr. McMaster's own residence by a meeting convened by Dr. Fyfe. But while Senator McMaster has not been spared to this occasion, it is a matter of thankfulness that Mrs. McMaster, the founder of Moulton College, which through her generosity carries on its work in the very residence to which I have referred, is permitted to be with us, and to know that due provision is being made in this Hall for a parlor for lady students, especially, we may hope, for the future matriculates of Moulton into the classes of the arts department. M MASTERS LEGEND AND IDEALS. I have, Mr. Chairman, occupied the attention of this audience as long as the occasion permits. It is an inspiration to inherit great enterprises, and to find ourselves responding to the touch of God. A Christian University cannot become obsolete with any conceivable advance in civilization. It carries with it such a momentum and force of purpose as to render it oblivious of the shocks which would seem too heavy for it to survive. Its ideals exhilarate earnest spirits like the breath of God. This University inherits great thoughts, gi-eat purposes, great ideals, and cherishes them ; for these alone can make men strong in labor and successful in achieve- ment. Its legend i«< : — In Ch 'Ust all things consist. With its several departments at Woodstock and Toronto in recip- rocal dependence and indissoluble union, with a generous appreciation of what has already beea accomplished in the field of the higher education by the existing institutions of Ontario, with an ardent love for Canada from sea to sea, with painstaking effort for exact and broad scholarship, and for the cultivation of Christian manliness of character and the spirit of true service, and with a sense of dependence upon Him 17 wliose name we would honoi' in all lands, McMa.ster Uni- versity bespeaks the sympathies of the Baptists of Ontario and Quebec and of the public at large, and the impartial judgment f^^' tin-e. OTHER ADDRESSES. The Chairman introduced Rev. Dr. Calvin Goodspeed, Professor in Systematic Theoloiry and Christian Evidences, who is a graduate of the University of New Bi'unswick and also of Newton Seminary. At one time he was pastor of the Baptist church in Woodstock, and a teacher in the Theological Institute in that town. Dr. Goodspeed spoke of his association with the late Dr. Fyt'e. He referred also to the fact he had been called to fill the chair that had been occupied by Dr. Castle and Prof. Mc- Gregor, and felt that he stood on sacred giound. He said that his call was a snr|)rise to himself and he appreciated the con- fidence of those who called him, He strongly dwelt upon the great need and advantage of the training of an Arts course for its own sake and for all classes of students. Speaking of his special department he said he believed that if they coukl de- velop men to mental manhood they would have given one of the highest preparations for the work of the ministry. Theol- ogy itself can be made a mental training that will develop power and they would not have reached their ideal in connec- tion with this work unless the mind, as well as the heart, is developed. They hoped to be able to enlarge the student's mental vision, so that when he comes upon any particular truth he may not be looking round without knowing its relation to other truths, but can see with confidence their logi:al connec- tion. He hoped to make the students feel that the truth is as sacred as God, for is it not the revelation of God ? Rev. Professor Trotter was next introduced as an old pupil of Dr. Fyfe's at Woodstock, a graduate of the University of Toronto, and the newly-appointed Professor of Homiletics, Pastoral Theology and Church Polity. Profes.sor Trotter .said that he was there at comtnand of the Managers of the Univer- sity. He had not been an applicant for the position. He had neither thought it nor sought it nov bought it. He had been a pastor and he was not sure that there could be any higher position. If there could be such a thing as promotion for a pastor, it is when he is placed in the work of equipping pas- 18 i '11' 'M tors, tor then lie is serving,' not only one church, but the whole church as a hody, The position which he had taken was not one simply of honor, but one also of work — strenuous work of the most responsible kind. Having i)ut his shoulder to the wheel he hoped, with God's help, for every success that faith- ful, earnest discharge of duty could command. Prof, (lark, newly appointed to the chair of Modern Lan- guages, was the next speaker. He was introduced as a grad- uate of Toronto Universit}', an old Woodstock teacher and tor two years n student at Berlin. Px'ofe.ssor Clark .said that he looked upon this not as the opening of the Arts College but its re-opening. University work had been begun years ago under the chaige of Dr. Fyfe, but was abandoned after two years for lack o financial suppoit. To-day the work is resumed under much ore favorable conditions, v/ith a larger class and a fuller staff. The presence of so large an assenibly, heartily .sympa- thizing with the work and aims of the institution, w&h very encouraging, and he trusted that the future of McMaster Uni- versity would give them reason to feel that their .sympathies have not Ijeen misplaced. Piofe>?or McKay, newly appointed to the chair of Math- ematics, finother honor graduate of Toronto University, wdio hp.G also made his mark as an energetic and successful teacher in Upper Canada College, Parkdale Collegiate Institute and elsewhere, was next introduced. Professor McKay dwelt briefly upon the importance of the work of his depaitnient, and re- ferred humorously to the delight which many of his hearer.** had no doubt experienced in former days in the contemplation of the immortal truths which the illustrious Euclid, the first Mathematical Professor, had discovered. He entered upon the work a.ssigned him with confidence in the future of the Arts Department of McMaster University. The hearty singing of tlie National Anthem closed the pioceedings. fl II. UNVKILIXG OF PORTRAIT DR. FYFK. OF Tho Alumni of Woodstock College tinploycd Mr. Charles Hatch, to paint a life-size portrait of Rev. Dr. Fyfe, for tho coUe^'e chapel. The first hour of the evening session of the (Jonvention, October I7th, 18f)0, was given up to the exercises of the Alumni in the Baptist chapi'l, Woodstock, in connection with the unveiling of the portrait. Rev. 8. li. Bates, president of the Alumni, presided. The presentation was very appro- priately made by James Short McMaster, Esq., anil fittingly acknowledged by principal Huston. The large uudience testi- fied its appreciation of the artist's success, Mr. Hatch was called to the platform, and in acknowledging the courtesy of the audience said it was but once in a lifetime that an artist had the opportunity of painting so noble a head as that of Dr. Fyfe. Rev. John McLaurin delivered the following address on the occasion: MR. McLAURIN'S ADDRESS. i IN MEMOUIAM. God created man, indeed He created everything ; but after all else. He paused before He made the being upon whom He conferred His own image and for whose sake He made the worlds. When He made the flowers of the field some of them He made very simple in construction and very plain in coloring, while upon others He seems to have lavished all beauty in coloring, all grace in form and all skill in construction. So in His endowments of men. Some ave robust but rude ; some graceful but fragile ; others are beautiful but weak ; while upon a few — alas ! how few they seem — He would appear to have emptied heaven's treasury of gifts and graces of mind, and heart, and body. Some men stand out upon the platform of their age as kings among men, as gods among mortals. It is for one of these that to night, we open and enter the sacred shrine of holy and blessed memories, and with muffled 19 20 Ml 'il footsteps and hated breath draw aside the veil which hides from tiie too curious eyes of the world without, the face and form, the life and deeds of him whom we call the father of our denomination in Canada, the late Rev. Robert Alexander Fvfe, l).l). This man whom we all esteemed so highly or loved so tenderly was raised up from among ourselves — a Canadian born-— and though the Canadian may not have upon his face the ruddy glow of the dying past, yet around his brow gathers the golden halo of hope for a brighter, mightier future. Robert Fyfe played in our beautiful sunshine till his eyes caught the hue of the beautiful sky whence it came, and his boyish cheek was painted the color of its autunni leaves. Ir was no detriment to his future career that Scottish blood ran through Ins veins ; neither that his lot was cast where poverty laid her moulding hand upon a nature calcula- ted to respond to and be profited by its healthiest lessons. — A boyhood spent on a Quebec farm of half a century ago, turning up the rugged soil, breathing in the clear, cold, crisp air of the St. Lawrence valley, reared in a Christian home where love and di.scipline in due proportion reigned — a few years in a country school, a few more clerking in a village store, were all fitting this well-knit frame of faultless build, this well-poised massive head, and this heart of warm and generous impulses for the great mission of life. After the grace of God had found him and thoroughly renewed him, and after his personal consecration to the service of his Master ; it was pai't of the divine plan that he should turn his eyes to one of the few Christian schools of learning among the baptists of America at the time — I refer to that at Hamilton in the State of New York. To reach it, he had, with few dollars in his pocket, to thread many a devious forest path and trudge on foot many a weary mile up the valley of the Ottawa — across through miles of virgin forest to the St. Lawrence and thence by stage or wagon to his destination. Footsore, weary, friend- less, an alien in an alien land and almost penniless he faced at nineteen the great i)roblem of life. If any young man here wishes to know the stuti" out of which the heroes of the past generation were made, let him buy and read the admirable life of Dr. Fyfe, by Prof. J. E. Wells, M.A. In college we find him at first " giving no great indica- tions of his future usefulness " — and still, Mr. McPhail, his school-mate said — " Fyfe went to bed an hour earlier and got up an hour later and yet had his lessons as well prepared as any of us." He is hard up in college ; for we see him seated i m vv hiiles CO and ,tlier of xantlev ;hly or OS — a ^'e upon 111(1 his lifihtier till his me, and leaves. Scottish as cast calcula- ssons. — ury ago, )ld, crisp 111 home — a few I village 3s build, arm and Lfter the him, and [aster; it ^es to one iptists of the State lis in his rudge on , — across id thence y, friend- e faced at man here the past liable life it indica- Phail, his r and got epared as im seated I •21 upnii a sliot'iiiaktns Itt-uch with lap stone, and liainiiicr an Montreal to Windsor. The people were few and poor, and scattered and divided and hopeless. But he faltered not, with wondrous faith in the people and his own mission, with his hand in his Masters and his eyes on the future he plodded on. And it did become the star of hope to many young men and women. Here they met and mingled in class-room and in hall — they spoke from the same rostrum and prayed together in the same room sacred with a thousand blessed memories. And thank God here hundreds of them found the pearl of great price. Hence they issued at vacation or at the end of their course, their hearts knit together with mutual love and esteem carrying with them the benedictions of peace and good will to the divided churches. For seven long months in each of eighteen years how he labored, how he prayed — what weighty burdens he bore ! ti iman vici- limal ceda He was rich 25 From 8.30 in the inoniino- till 4.80 in the eveninj^ he .sat in that class-room. Listen to the list of subjects he handled and handled well — Systematic Theolooy, Pastoi-al Theology, Ho- miletics, New Testament Greek and Exegesis, Hebrew, three classes. Old Testament Exegesis, Haiinonyot' Gospels, Pastoral Epistles, Mental and Moral Science and Butler's Analogy. Besides this, councils, dedications, ordinations, board meetings, conferences, etc,, without number, claimed his energies and time. Then during the summer vacation in rail car or steam- boat, oi carriage, he travelled night and day from one end of the land to the other, preaching, praying, pleading with rich and poor alike, for money. Money to pay teachers' salaries ; money to put up new buildings, aye, and money to pay the poor pittance which was paid to him for these arduous toils. Thank God he toiled not alone — a small but noble band stood by him. Some of them are with him in glory, others are still tarrying in this vale of tears, and some of them are with us to-day. Among the former, reverently we mention the names of AlcMaster and Lloyd, Tucker and Davidson, and Archibald Biirtch. " And the last shall he firsts This is the man who mortgaged the roof over his head for Woodstock College. The list of the living is too long to be given here, but we cannot forbear the names of T. James Claxton, of Montreal, and the father of him to whose skilful hand we are indebted for this boautiful work of art, John Hatch, of Woodstock. His memo- rials. '• my boys," as he fondly called them, are in every land. In England, in India, in China, and all over the continent of America. In New York and Brooklyn, in Rochester and Chi- cago, in Denver and on the Pacific Coast. Here they are in our Canada to-day by the score, men and women through whom being dead he yet speaketh. We shall never see his like again. Is that too trite ? It is true all the .same. God never wastes time in making two men to do the .same work. He nevei- made a second Moses. He'll never make another Paul. The value of our meeting to- day will depend largely upon the lessons learned and the in- spiration given by the contemplation of such a life. " Lives of great men all remind us, We can malce our lives sublime," Every student in Woodstock College cannot be a Dr. Fyfe, God may not have so richly blessed them in mental or physi- cal endowments as he ; but they may be as loyal to their God, their convictions, their conscience, their denomination and to it Pi i 11 ! f ; t ;■ ! their country as he was- 26 -they may be as true to their friends and as just and generous to" their enemies— they may place before themselves as high an ideal of truth, of honor, of hon- esty aiid justice— ihey may be as gentle to the weak, as con- sidei-ate of the poor, as manly and fearless as he— they may be as self-denying, as uncomplaining and as devoted to their : laster as he was— they may not be able to found a College ; nujuld a generation, or give purpose and aim to a whole peo- ple — hut they can " Departing leave behind them Footprints on the sands of time." " Footprints that perhaps another. Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother Seeing, shall take heart again." m III. SERMON BEFORE THE CONVENTION. On Sunday afternoon, October 19, 1890, the Educational Sermon was preached before the Convention in the Baptist house of worship, Woodstock, by Rev. C. Goodspeed, D.D. Rev. John Trotter of Claremont rea(^ the scriptures, and Rev. D. G. McDonald of Stratford offered prayer. DR. GOODSPEED'S SERMON. " Till we all come, in the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness oi Christ."— Eph. 4: IJ. These are words of great reach and compass and of pro- found meaning. They embody the apostles ideal of the grand object of all the effort put forth through the various offices of the church. Nothing short of unity of faith and knowledge, nothing short of a perfect manhood according to the measure of the fulness of Christ, nothing short of this for all, can sat- isfy the apostle, or fulfil the divine purpose. Were we permitted by our special object to-day, it would be interesting to show how profoundly' self-consistent is this description of the great aim and end of Christian nurture and growth. The apostle is pleading for the unity of believers in the verses that precede. In this he shows how that unity, in its fulness, is to be at- tained. The great underlying truth is that the unity is to be found in the perfection of knowledge and of growth. There is a great wealth of sugirestion in this. How true ic is that complete unity can only come in this way, and that those who seek unity in any other way than that which come.s through fulness of truth in mind and of moral growth in character and its consequent life and feeling, must lose their labor. It is also instructive to notice that this great God-given ideal of Christian attainment is heavens high above the notion which seems to measure the aim of too many workers, and churches. There is a good degree of zeal in leading men to salvation, and surely there cannot be too much, when we con.-sider all that this word involves ; but here the solicitude ends. When shall we all get rid of the paralyzing idea that the great all of Christian effort is accomplished, as soon as a man is saved ? 27 28 When sliall we 1)0 so posses.se-l by the thouji'ht that regenera- tion is but the heginiiins:,' of what God desires a soul to be, that every energy shall l)e exercised, all our enthusiasm shall be awakened for the edification of the members of our churches. Without further words of introduction, T call your atten- tion to the subject of PERFECT MANHUOD. In treating it we shall not take the words in the connection in which they stand ; but rather as suggestive of a topic. Let us then in the first j)lace inquire I. In what does this Perfect Manhood consist ? I i iii : I ill!: Ill f Perhaps no better definition of perfect manhood can be found than the harmonious and complete development of all that constitutes a man, according to the nature which God has given him. Is not this statement well nigh axiomatic ? Surely God would not give to man a constitution containing elements which it would be harmful to have increase in strength and power by the natural process of well-balanced giowth ? Would not the very thought that He would do this be one of the most serious reflections on his wisdom ? Would it not be a reflection on his goodness as well ? To suppose that the natural growth of any part of our nature given us by God would be harmful, would be to believe that He could constitute us with the greatest of all perils in the very citadel of our natures, where it would expose us to the most unavoidable temptation. Little better is it to su|>pose that the natural growth of one department of our being into its own perfection would prove necessarily harmful to a higher and more iui- portant one. This, likewise, would plant in the nature the germs of self-destruction. To believe that God had consti- tuted us in this way would be to think bim guilty of the greatest sin against the highest of his creatures. When God looked upon our first parents as they stood fresh from his creative hand, and pronounced them very good, there was nothing in the great departments of their being which might develop by its own natural growth into what would prove harmful to them. Our holiest instincts cry out against the thought of this as utterly repugnant. And yet, there have not been wanting those who have declared and those who do, by their action, if not by their word, still declare this very thing. Those old ascetics, how they did struggle to wear away their bodies in fastings and 29 austerities, becau.se of the idea that they were opposed to tlie higher interests ot their souls ! Tlie iriost charitable construc- tion we can put upon the attitude ot* one of the laroest bodies of Christendcm toward education is that the develop- ment of the mind to strength and vigor is considered a men- ace to the highest moral growth. We ai'e not sure there are not some in Protestant denominations who believe that ignor- ance is especially favorable to piety. But are we not justified in taking a further step. So far is the natural growth of any part of the constitution that God has given from being harmful to the whole man — an obstacle to the grov.'th into perfect manhood — that the harmoni- ous growth of each part is necessary to the perfect develop- ment of all the re^t. Body, mind, and soul, spirit, moral na- ture, as you may choose to call die third great department of our being are all mutually interdependent, atid each, in the ea'thly life, conditions the highest exercise of all the rest. There may be abnormal cases in which a mind in a diseased body may become intensely active ; but this is unnatural and unhealthy, and cannot be long maintained. It is proved by the widest observation of facts that the body is little more maimed by the weakness or loss of one of its members than is the mind made incapable of healthy growth by a weak or dis- eased body. It is not difficult to show that the vigorous use and the development of mental power exercise a healthful stimulus upon the body, and are favorable to health and long life. Brain workers wdio are not careless of the laws of health are among the lonerest lived of men. But we are most interested in the relation of the mind to the higher moral and spiritual nature. And does not the same law hold here ? Is it not true that the natural development of mental power is helpful to the highest moral excellency, and that the most natural growth of the moral nature is favor- able to tho highest intelluctual power ? In every case where this law seems to be violated, it will be found that there has not been harmonious growth ; but that one has been developed at the expense of the other. Time will not permit us to fol- low out this line of thought further than to say, that the growth of the spiritual nature is through the apprehension and assimilation of truth, and that a man can grasp truth in its length and breadth and depth, and in all its muifciforui re- lations, in exacu proportion to the reach and ct^mpass of his intellect. On the other hand, the high aims, the noble pur- poses and the hallowed and burning motives which the growth of the moral nature brings with it, together with the sub- 30 !ii 111 I jrction of the inferioi tlepartmetits of his being to itself and to him whom it recognizes as Lord, cannot but quicken the miml to its best exercise and to the highest growth. Of course, just as a man with a strong body may take narcotics and so destroy his m(;ntal power, so may a man take into a strong ndnd that which is poisonous or paralyzing to his moraf nature, and which may maiju or weaken it; but in neither of these cases does it i)i'ove that either strength of l)()dy or of mind are in themselves any thing but helpful re- spectively to tlie hi;j;her departments of our being Are we not then, permitted to go back to the definition with which we started, and say that perfect manhood is the harmonious and complete development of all that constitutes a man, according to the nature which God has given him, the harmonious development, we say, for if one part of our complex being is developed at the expense of the others, there is distortion and monstrosity. This is especially true of the 1 elation between the mind and the moral part. For the former to be developed without the latter there would be deformi tyof the most alarming kind, and there would be nothing to prevent him from becoming a demon. It is only as the moral natuie is cultured equibly with the mind that the growth can be safe, let alone helpful and ennobling. Harmonious and complete growth of all parts of our complex and God-given nature, then, is that which results in the perfect manhood which is the grand end of Christian nurture. This, as we understand it, is the great and all comprehensive ideal and aim of a true Christian education. It would take a loftier imagination and a more eloquent tongue than mine to describe this ideal manhood which it should he the effoit of each to attain for himself, and to aid others to gain. With a perfect physical growth as the casket for the treasures of the higher endowments from God, with an intellect most fully developed along the line of its everlasting and infinite growth, with the heart and soul throbbing with a life from God along all the avenues of being, elevating aims and purposes so as to throw all the force of the whole man int.. the work which was noblest because most unselfishly done for the glory of God and the good of men, and all this done under the abiding impulse of motives as pure and strong as love of God and need of men could make them — what a life it would be ! What radiant purity of character ! what glowing love ! what utter self-forgetfulness ! what immovable strength of principle! what grasp of knowledge, as the soul received the in key to open the deepest invstovics, in a fulness of life from God with its hallowed instincts, its central view, its claiifyin;^- power, its stimulus to tiie mental as well as the moral power", its safej^uards tlirown around their hiirhest exercise, and in its ever opening revelations of truth I What lives there would be — how single in aim, how intense, how persevering, how self sacrificing, how strong in act and puipose, how tremendously powerful as character and action in beautiful consistency sup- ported each other in the highest exercises of their force : IJiit why do we seek to suggest the outline of the fully developed man? Such a life has been lived. From the pages of the evangelists its hallowed light has been shining forth u|)on tiif world for well nigh two thousand years. It has been the very pole of the ages from which a wondrous life and power have streamed forth through the long successiori of generations. In Jesus of Nazareth we have the ideal man. In his life w<' have our great object lesson of what the truest life should be. To develop men into liis likeness unto the measure of the stature of His fulness, is the highest enri to which education can conform its aims and methods. Let us, before proceeding further, guard ourselves against the inadequate or false ideas excluded by what has been ad- vanced as the ideal of Christian education. And first of all, shall we not utter our protest against the usage v/hich restricts the word education to the mind alone ? We fear that this is more than the usage of the word. Has it not come to be that very many really think that the word has no broader applica- tion ? May it not be that this inadequate and vicious idea has gained broad currency, and is shaping the policy of hosts of educators ? Are there not schools and colleges and univer- sities which think all their work done, when they have dealt with the nivinds of the students ? Need we say that this does not reach the ideal of Christian eo ucation — that it leaves out its most important factor. If '.ve believe, as believe we do, that the moral is as much above the mental as the mental is above the physical, then we must regard the education which is of mind without spiritual culture as being at least as defec- tive as that of the body without thflt of the mind. The ed- ucation of intellect which leaves out that of heart, soul, spirit, is an education which leaves out character, and is wanting in that which pertains to the very essence of manhood, that which constitutes the very citadel of its strength. To educate the mind and not the moral nature is to develope power and not seek to control it by high and ennobling purposes, is to leave I t v'i 32 it wht'it' it may l»'' •) of the limn, or it is but an acci-ctioii, ami tuny iiijm-c rathcT than holp. Truth must bi; |ireseiitt'(l accnmpaiiicjd w ith tl)e motives and obligations to reooivt' it into heart and jiracticc it ill life, before it can become a part otOiir inner life ami a source of moral fon-i'. But when all this is (June, there must lie the dependence upon divine power, foi' we here touch a rcaliu in which human wisdom must i>e reinforced by a hiuhcr mii>ht. Havini,' thus attempted to <,Miii a clear idea of what is that pri'fect maidiood, whose development is the ^reut aim of true Christian edueation, let us enciuirt' : II. How far should the church concern hcrsi-lf in this work of Cliristian educati(jn f If there has been any force in what has been advanced, we need not stop to entpiiie whether the church has her part to rk of the harmonious development of the whole man; for this is what constitutes Christian eilucation;and must exercise the energies of the church which should interest her- self in every thing ])ertaininn' to Christianity. The (juestion which concerns us is, how far is .she to take an active intert.'st in this great woi'k ? Of course she is to seek to save men, and she cannot be too earm'st in a woik which has depeiuhint upon it the most tremendous issues c()nceival)le. But this, nevertheless, is the starting point latlier tlian tlie goal of her efforts. To make this the end and not the beginning of her work, would be to restsatistied with spiritual babyhood rather than full ecome, as they throw themselves into the world wide, age long struggle of good against evil, of God against satan, of heaven against hell. Were the church to satisfy herself with merely saving men, she would soon be shoin of her power to do even that. A man only just saved has not enough strength and excellence of character to make his unconscious influence helpful, he adds nothing to the aggressive force of the church by his active effort, he may be a burden to oe borne. A church composed of babes in Chri it would have little or no power to bring others into the kingdom. But the church's concern cannot stop at the development of the spiritual side of the nature. There are mental powers, 3 »4 and they are also gv Iso grand in tlieiiiselves and in the force they Let ibly, or let tnan face a great aaseini hini stand beside a street of a great city, and watch the cease- less tide of life flow by : especially let liini think of the thou- sands of thousands of bright-fac^d, merry-hearted children who rush forth gleefully, at twelve o'clock, from schools in all the cities, towns, villages and qu country places of this broad land. Let him strive to grasp the thought of all the capacity and possibility of mental p.)wsr in those myriad active brains, and may he not well be ready to stand in awe. What does all this tremendous possibility of power, what may it mean, should it be developed to the full and become trans- formed into its necessary influence ? What a decisive power it may V)e made to wield, if it be developed, and then con- trolled, vivified, electrified by its association with the guiding puipose, the impelling motive and the sanctifying influences of a spiiitual nature developed after the nature of our Lord, be sent forth like a very bolt from the arsenal of heaven against the untruth, the unrighteousness and the sin which prevail ' Do not our hearts leap at the very thought ? How evil and wrong would be smitten down ! How would the work of God lea|) forward, as God given faculty thrilled with God given motive, and both in the utmost fulness of ad- vancing growth, become the most peifect medium of God's invincible and irresi.-tible power! Surely the church cannot but be interested in associating with the moral and spiritual such a grand helper, it bringing upon men's hearts and lives the regenerating and sanctifying |)Ower of the gospel. For, be it known, that mind will tell, in this as v.ell as in all the other spheres of influence. Goodness alone will enable a man to exert a measure of unconscious influence ; but a stronjj n)iiid is needed to make his ettbrts tell, to the full. One of the greatest avenues of influence is thought, and it is only thought power that can here avail. Only, therefore, as a man has strength of intellect can he exert his full religious power. The church should seek, by every means possible, to bring the strength of mental as well as of moral force under her com- mand, so that there may not only be the earnest pur[)ose to do the most for the glory of God and the good of men, but also this grandest human reinforcing ])ower to aid in realiz- ing the purpose. Another consideration, however, should give her interest. Thought power will have its influence, whether controlled by Christian aims or impelled by Christian motives or not. If it IS n< it w pow uni' tag' an moi tioi the rec see 85 is not to wield its power responsive to the touch of the divine, it will do so respoiLsive to the touch of the devilish. Ami this power is being let loose more ami mote, as school systems and university training are reacliing all classes with their advan- tages. The serious fact, then, stares us in the face. This is an intellectual age, and thought is to be the decisive power, more and more. Commanding intellects will hold the posi- tions of intiuence. They will govern public sentiment. Shall the church sit i lly by and allow this great power to be di- rected as it may f Shall she thus run the inevitable ri.sk of seeing this which might and should be the strongest weapon of her aggression turned against her own breast ? Nay, she has her part to do in the great work of education, not oidy because the development of the whole man is her most direct and God-appointed task ; but also because of what developed mind may be for her, if impelled aright by potent spiritual forces — because of what it must be against her, should she be indifferent and allow its might to be transferred to the use of her great enemy. III. What then, more particularly, is the duty of the church to this Christian education ? el ■'I There is no doubt that the church should attend to the culture and growth of the spiritual part. This is her exclu- sive realm. She may welcome helpers here, but they must be subordinate. It has been committed to her keejnng by God himself, as an inalienable trust. She dare not, as she would not, surrender it to any other. The obligation and responsi- bility are as tremendous as the motive of the infinite love of Christ and the boundless worth of the soul. As this is the highest realm, having to do with those noblest powers which determine character and involve infinite and eternal issues, as this is the sphere of the church alone, she must devote to this her chief attention. The question is how far she may take an active interest in what pertains to the education of the minds of the people. We think we art on safe ground, when we say that she must take an active part in educating the minds of the peo- ple, so far as this is necessary to their own higher welfare, or the higher welfare of others. This principle compels each de- nomination, so far as this is possible, to provide for the special training of their ministers. This is most absolutely and di- rectly needed in the exercise of their solemn and glorious call- * . B() m inrr of leadirif,' men to salvation and to sanctification. In the hands of the ministers of a body are to be placed the unspeak- ably sacred interests of the churches and of the souls conmiitted to their care, involving eternal interests as high as heaven and as deep as hell. If they are not men of the truest mettle, if thi'V arc not genuine to the very core of their souls, if they do not have right conceptions of truth, if they do not hold it cleaily, firmly and loyally, so that it will bind their consciences and stir their whole being, leading th^nu to hold to it in the face of any danger and piess it forward against any opposition and odium, these interests will he imperilled or wrecked. It is not strange, therefore, that Christian denominations provide ior tiie tra'ning of the men who are to determine, for the most part, whethei' the churches are to become tlie greatest powers for good to mei^'s innnortal souls, or whether those under their cnarge are to be weakened by the poison of false doctrine and the paralysis of evil example and indifference. It would l)e strange indeed should a denomination leave the training oi' its ministers to atheis. It would be ecpially strange should the work of theoloffical colleges not be watched wnth the most eager interest, should it not become a finidamental concern to see tliat they have the most efficient equipment and support, should they not imbathe them in a very tide of warm uplifting sympathy, should they not keep them before the mercy seat- in general, constant, pievailing pra^^er. I cannot but believe, also, that this rule — that we must attend to the development of the minds of the young, so far as this is necessary to the best interests of their souls and the souls of others through them — must force upon us a broader duty. Is it not true that much of the philosophic anil scien- tific thinking of our day is charged with atheism, if not with antitheism. Doubt is thrown upon the very existence of the Being without whom all religion and moral growth are impos- sible, if His existence is not altogether denied. All this is ileadly to the development of the spiritual, most fatal to the highest interest of the student and most pernicious to the influence of his after life upim others. That this is not an imaginaiy danger is proved by the fact thai so many so called educated men have upon their owmi lives and their influence, the blight of a general skepticism, It depends upon the Chris- tian denominations, chiefly, whether the cultured intellect of our land is to be reverent, and thrown, with all its decisive power, in favor of the gospel of Christ, or whether it be loftily supercilious if not hostile, and therefore to be met as an oppos- ing t1 whic tionf the fj becai 37 ing force. Do they not owe it to the alert and eager minds which are to continue to fill the halls of learning that educa- tional advantages of the very highest kind be provided where the science and the philosophy shall he all the truer and deeper because surcharged with the thought of God ? Is it not, also, of the vastest importance to the student's own inner life and growth, as well as to his future life power, that he pursue his education under circumstances which shall tend to develop strength of principle, nobility of aim and an intense moral motive, as well as mere mind ? And how can this be attended to except in a Christian school, where, with the most loyal regard for the very best mental training, the most • loving concern is also had for the culture of soul and lieart ? Who can estimate the worth of a school of this kind, including among its professoi'S the largest brains and the most developed spii.ts of a great denomination, men who think they have a higher mission than to help the student mei-ely to a wide knowledge of facts and a strong grasp of thought ; but who seek, at the same time, to establish character, to evolve moral force and to lead him to use all his trained powers in the best service of God and men. What is this but saying, what is the worth of an institution of learning, where the grand ideal of perfected manhood through the harmonious growth of all its powers, is kept constantly in mind? Think ot the elements of spiritual influence which will gather round this centre with their ability to direct and forcefully to impel the great and ever increasing streams of |)ower which shall pass out from its halls to make its mark on the life of this world and the next. Students for the ministry will be attracted thither, the most earnest souled ycung men and women will ''nd its atmosphere congenial, and will choose it in their alma ma'',er. This will add fuel to the flame of religious life already kindled there, and will aid it to become a still greater powei' to transform the purposes of the careless, while it will make the devoted all the more given up to what is best in life and service. The fathers and mothers of the denomination will feel, more and more, that this place of high and ennobling influence which as- sures more than moral security for their dear ones, is the in- stitution which claims their [)atronage,and their children will be found there. Soon the ministry will be largely composed of those who have passed through its halls. There will scarcely be a city or town or quiet country place where there shall not be its representatives in places of lesponsibility and influence. Thus it becomes knit into the very fibres of the life of the de- "I! 38 nomination. Around the fresh, eager young manhood aud womanhood which fill its halls, will flow in a great flood of warm, upliftinij sympathy. It will be kept bathed continually with the hallowing influences which abide before the mercy seat, as, from pulpit, from family altar and from deepest souls of parents, it is imbathed, uplifted by a great tide of earnest prayer from the best heart of a great people. Thus containing some of tlie best life of a great denomination withiu and sup- ported by its best life witliout, can it be otherwise than that it become a centre of throbbing spiritual force as well as of mental stimulus and growth"? What wonder that revivals sweep through such an institution — that many are brought to the Saviour, that the type of piety is raised, that the abiding re- ligious forces of the soul are strengthened for the earnest work of the life to come. But a little more particularly : just what is effected, by a Christian college, in this way ? The time spent in college halls is, for the must students, the most fateful period of their lives. The most of the jnter little more than careless, merry-hearted lads: they ccme out to face the serious responsibilities of life for themselves. They go in with their characters plastic, ready for the mould : they usually come out with their natures pretty well hardened into a permanent form. They go in usually with no life purpose formed : they come out with their aim chosen and their bins girded for the struggle to attain it. They go in with !'- a Vie- liefs of their own : while in they have to grapple wlC'i the gravest questions of thought, and must opinions for them- selves which must give complexion to their whole future. Who then will deny that this is a time of crisis,of peril, it may be of fate to the student ? Is this a time when Christians can afford to leave him to any chance influence ? The peril and need of moral as well as intellectual guidance are made all the more pronounced because of the temptations which ever throng around the student, and which are the mote dangerous because of the carelessness of the rebound from study, at which they usually attack him. We have not time to enlarge on the facts here stated. The hardening of character into its permanent form is the most solemn of all processes, for it determines what a man is and is to be.and through this,his own eternal destiny and the influence his life is to have on the destiny of others. The time when a young man or woman chooses the great controlling purpose of existence, while partially involved in this, will determine the 39 direction of the growth of the future, and will gauge the di- rection in which his life forces are to be thiown. It will there- fore decide whether his life is to be of use to himself or others, or whether it is to be a curse to both. Scarcely of less import are the great ruling beliefs of a mau's life, as they must have so much to do in shaping his conscious relations to God and men, and in shaping his own character and influence. If there is a time, then, above another when life is freighted with tre- mendous issues, when existence is weighed down with deep solemnity, when the faces of angels may well be thought to be eager with deep concern and the faces of devils drawn with malicious longing, it must be at this time when all these fate- ful detei'minations are in progress alLogether, If there is ever a time, therefore, when helpful hands should be uear to aid, when the highest and strongest influences should be thrown around the eager soul, too often careless, in the midst of de- ciding infinities to self and to others, it is when students are passing the swift going years of college life. Can we do our duty as a Christian denomination to the minds and hearts which contain the highest potencies in our keeping, for good or evil, if we do not provide them with a place where these influences shall be about them, during their decisive years ? Can we be guiltless, if we leave the very crown and proraiseof our youth to have these years ruoulded by an}' chance influence which may be found, as our students seek mental culture where no attention is paid to the culture of heart and purpose ? Now strive to grasp all that must follow from having a place of spiritual as well as mental pow-er — a great centre of the highest life as well as of the deepest concern of a w^hole de- nomination, through which its best intellectual life is to be passed in one perpetual stream, to be stamped by its influence and to be sent forth, controlled by the loftiest purpose and thrilled by the noblest motives, to throw its decisive weight on the side of truth against error, of righteousness against sin, of heaven against hell. Think of the difference between this and what would be, were this flowing river of decisive possibility to pass through college halls where there w^as no effi^rt to purify it from its sin, where the prevalent atmosphere might be op- posed to vital godliness, where there were no higher purposes insisted on than the selfish, and no better motive that a regard to ones own best interest. Thank God that we have not far to go to find illustration of what a Christian school can do in helping lives on to the ideal manhood of symmetrical growth of power. What Woodstock college has done for her students ">' ti '^v^t^ 40 and through them for our denomination and the world, the records of eternity will only reveal. The same may be said, perhaps in largei- measure, of Acadia college. How many lives, freighted with fine possibilitie' have been in these in- stitutions, tiansferred from the dominion of self and sin to Christ ? How many, with spiritual lives all torpid and with aims scarcely above the worldling s, have had their inner lives (piickened, and have been led to give themselves to the work of the ministry. How many have had their piety and devo- tion ileepened, and have been titterl to do n^ore con.secrated work, as ministers and as la3'men, in their alter lives. If all thi' added forces wliich have b"en ],ou)'ed into the denomina- tional life of the Ba]itists of the i)ominion through their colleges were to be taken awa}' it would well nigh collapse God has been very good to the Baptistsof Ontario especially, in putting it into the heart of Senator McMaster to make it possible to enlarge this grand centre of power and stimulus. It is in your hands to make your University a great nuisery of power, and ui" power for the highest purposes. It should be, it may be- come, in enlarged and ever enlarging measure, a very throbbing heart to the denomination through wliich its very life blood will pass out vitallized and energized to aid it to its best growth and strength. To assure this, you must not only aim to secure the best cultured minds but also the truest hearted, most earnest souled, most consecrated men and women upon the teaching stafls. You need to vvatcli the courses of study, to see that the best interests of the moral nature and the inner life are attended to. You can aid by sending your -on.'? and daughters there, and by lending your influence to induce others to send theirs. You can aid by giving of your means to support needy and worthy young men and to provide additional facilities as they are recjuired. Above all, you can make the workers and the work the continual subjects of your Uiost earnest prayers. In these and in other ways, you can make your educational in- stitutions such a centre and source of power that no other agency can be more fundamental oi- more helpful in developing the perfect manhood which is the highest aim of the church of God. May God help us all to do our part. IV i ». ' rf I K j- , » U v»s,i! •^^ ^ t m S3 i- -It i *■- ' s ^1. f / .- If