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 1 
 
 6 
 
ft^>f 
 
 
 PACIFIC RAILV^^AY. 
 
 SPEECH DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 
 
 — BY 
 
 Mr. AMOE DeCOSMOS, M.P., 
 
 -ON — 
 
 FRIDAY and MONDAY, 16th and 19th APRIL, 1880. 
 
 (From t/is Official Repoi't of tlie Debates.) 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS: I have as much 
 physical strength, I dare say, as the lion. 
 the First Minister has, and perhaps more; 
 and if the Government are prepared to 
 resist such a reasonable proposition 
 as an adjournment, they must be 
 prepared to sit here till, at the 
 earliest, eight o'clock in the morning. I 
 propose to discuss this question, Mr, 
 Speaker : I would have preferred to have 
 addressed the House within reasonable 
 hours, but as it is the will of this House 
 that I shall not have that j)rivileg»% I 
 trust to your indulgence possibly for two, 
 or three, or four, or perhaps more hours, in 
 which I shall speak, in accordance with 
 thelaw and usag« of Parliament. We i... . e 
 had a speech from the hon. the Miiiister 
 of Kailways, iu which he made his annual 
 stp.cement on the Pacific Railway; and wc 
 have had also the annual review from the 
 hon. niember for West Durham (Mr. 
 Blake). I may say that the speech of 
 the hon. the Minister of Railways was 
 cheering ; it was full of energy and re- 
 plete with information, and gave us con- 
 fidence in the luture of our country. It 
 ■will bo unnecessary for me to go into the 
 whole of the details respecting the Pacific 
 Railway, for the hon. the Minister of 
 Railways has made detailed explanations 
 to the House. I will, however, briefly 
 refer to the whole line, from the railway 
 system ot Ontario and Quebec to the 
 Pacific Ocean. The first section to which 
 I will direct attention is that between the 
 
 Canada Central Railway, the Montreal, 
 Ottawa and Occidental Railway and west- 
 ward via Lake Nipissing to a junction 
 wi^'i that section of the Canadian Pacific 
 now in part completed and part under 
 construction between the west end of 
 Lake Superior and Selkirk. As I re- 
 marked, t will avoid detail. Several 
 Sessions ago, I made a statement to this 
 House showing thut with a certain num- 
 ber of wheat-growers, and with a certain 
 acreage producing wheat, in Manitoba, 
 the receipts from the transportation q^ 
 wheat alone to Montreal would pay 
 interest and sinking fund on the entire 
 cost of the road, would meet the cost of 
 maintenance, repairs, and operating ex- 
 penses, avid leave a surplus to the credit 
 of the country. In 1873, after the hon. 
 memberfor Laml)ton became the head of the 
 Government, I intimated to him the 
 desirability of the early construction of 
 this section, both as a matter of policy, 
 and as a necessary public work, to unite 
 the eastern Provinces with the Great 
 West. But no step has yet been taken 
 in that direction, except the subsidies 
 granted to the Canada Central, and the 
 proposed construction of the Georgian 
 Bay Branch. The hon. the Minister of 
 Railways, I was glad to observe, alluded 
 very briefly to *iie possible early com- 
 mencement of the construction of this 
 great link of the Canadian Paoific, con- , 
 necting the populations of Ontario 
 and Quebec with the Great North-Wait 
 
 i n 
 
|rt^ 
 
 I, therefore, take this opportunity 
 to say that, it will be sound policy on 
 the part of this Government, at an early 
 date, to construct this section connectino! 
 the Quebec and Ontario system of 
 railways with the section from Fort 
 William to Selkirk, so as to carry 
 grain through, on an all-i'ail route, 
 to the ships in the eastern seaports 
 of our Dominion. I support this 
 policy, not merely as a party matter, 
 but as a matter that concerns the interests 
 of the Dominion as a whole, and 
 affects particularly the two large Pro- 
 vinces of Quebec and Ontario. Sir, I 
 trust that the hon. the Minister of Rail- 
 ways, during the Recess, will prepare a 
 scheme for its early construction, and 
 submit it for the sanction of Parliament 
 at its next Session. A Railway can 
 carry more chea[>ly than the canals. 
 
 An Hon. MEMBER : No, no. 
 
 Mr.DeCOSMOS: My hon. friend to 
 my right says : " No, no," but I find, Sir, 
 that reports respecting canals show this to 
 be, as I state. The Railways from 
 Chicago to New York, and the Railways 
 from the West to Philadelphia and Balti- 
 more, are carrying more than what 
 goes by the water system. The steel- 
 rail revolution has nearly overthrown 
 lake and water transportation. Besides 
 that the crowded passenger trains from 
 the east, and the great volume of west- 
 ward-bound freight, enables the eastern- 
 bound freight trains to carry grain and 
 provisions at such low rates as to make 
 water transportation neither as profitable, 
 nor as desirable as formerly, and conse- 
 quently prevents the canals and lakes 
 from being as great carriers now, 
 relatively to the total vohime 
 of eastern-bound freight in the United 
 States as they once were in the past. 
 At any rate we have spent since 1873 
 more than $15,000,000 to enlarge our 
 St. Lawrence Canal system, and we do 
 not get out of it enough to pay current 
 expenses. The tonnage of the shii)ping 
 in the lakes is small, in comparison to 
 what might l)e expected, as a comllary 
 to our grand scheme of water tran><porta 
 tion. N^ell, Sir, returning from this 
 digi'cssion. I say that the line between tl e 
 Thunder Bay — Red River section, and ij;\e 
 railway system of Ontario and Quebec, 
 onj,nt to ]>e built, and built quickly and 
 early. I will take up another point ; I 
 
 believe the late Government made a mis- 
 take in commencing work, in expending 
 money, on the Lake Superior — Red River 
 section of the Pacific Railway. It is really 
 nothing more than part of the trans- 
 continental line, it seems to me, to run 
 as a competin;; line with the Pimibina 
 section half of the year, and also as a com- 
 peting line for the same jjcriod with 
 the main trunk line between Selkirk 
 and Nipissing when tlio latter shall 
 have been completed. Tf proper 
 energy had been manifested, and wis- 
 dom displayed in the expenditure of the 
 money on the through line \)etween 
 Nipissing and Selkirk, the work would 
 have been carried through and completed 
 by this time. Now, Sir, with r«!si>ect to 
 the Facitio Railway from Red River to 
 the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, 
 the hon. the Minister of Railways, with 
 his energy and bold determination, has 
 enunciated a policy for building it and 
 opening up the country, which shows 
 him accustomed to rule a country ; he has 
 shown how the resources of the North- 
 West can be developed and the country 
 filled with population. 1 endorse that 
 policy, and look forward to the near future 
 covering that land with prosperous farms 
 and thriving cities, with a net-work of 
 railways like a spider's web. I believe 
 the hon. gentleman is one of those states- 
 men who does not propose to put on slow 
 engineers ; but is one who wishes our 
 navvies to drive the buffalo and the 
 deer before them on their way westerly 
 to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. 
 Now, Sir, we have had speeches delivered 
 here with respect to the land policy of 
 the Government, — the land policy pro- 
 pounded by the right hon. the Minister 
 of the Interior, to settle the North-West 
 with new provinces ; settle it with a 
 daring, peaceful, industrious population, 
 who will clothe that naked land with 
 cultivated fields, huppy homesteads, busy 
 villages, and ambitious cities, — the hum 
 of their industries, along the line af 
 the J'acitic Railway, girdling the con- 
 tinent from ocean to ocean, and yielding 
 Revenue more than will ropny a hun- 
 dred times over and over again, tlie cost 
 of its construction. I will not enter 
 into detail to show liow the Government 
 may be recouped by its land policy, for 
 its e.^penditure in building the Pacific 
 Railway. That has been well and fully 
 
 done by 
 the House 
 policy of 
 Railway, 
 lieve thf 
 good ; ant 
 up the 1^ 
 permanen 
 any poll 
 Whilst th 
 GoTernme 
 during thi 
 the growt 
 and Kansi 
 Nebraska- 
 ground, t 
 was not a 
 borders, 
 a few lice 
 only inhal 
 tribes of t 
 in Kansas 
 then west 
 Nebraska, 
 Oregon ; n 
 tana, Ida 
 Washingto 
 only orga 
 Teriitory 
 scattered s( 
 of the Wal 
 shores of 
 Oregon, w. 
 the Colum 
 Nisqually ; 
 land, with 
 gathered ui 
 and the Sti 
 three hunc 
 was then b 
 the contin 
 monthly fn 
 ing about s 
 then the wl 
 tory has be^ 
 possessing 
 national lifi 
 modern ci' 
 wealth, at 
 rivals in 
 with Stai 
 work of ( 
 Western ] 
 Colorado, !R 
 Utah and 
 Britiih Coli 
 respects are 
 fifty niilea 
 
 Aafti 
 
done by the right hon. the Leader of 
 the House, A\ hen he explained the financial 
 policy of the Government i-especting the 
 Railway. But, Sir, I will say that I be- 
 lieve that policy to he sound and 
 good ; and that it is calculated to build 
 up the North- West as successfully, as 
 permanently, and as rapidly as 
 any policy that can be propounded. 
 Whilst the Railway Land policy of the 
 GoTerninent was under discussion, and 
 during this dehat^, allusion was made to 
 the growth of population in Nebraska 
 and Kansas. Sir, when I firat slept in 
 Nebraska — rolled up in my blanket on the 
 ground, twenty-eight years ago — there 
 was not a white settler's house within its 
 borders. The frontier military posts, and 
 a few licensed Indian traders, were its 
 only inhabitants besides the wandering 
 tribes of the plains. When I first slept 
 in Kansas it was the same. There was 
 then west of the Missouri, no State of 
 Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Nevada, or 
 Oregon; no Territory cf Dakota, Mon- 
 tana, Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, or 
 Washington ; no British Columbia. The 
 only organised Governments were the 
 Territory of Utah, composed of a few 
 scattered settlements along the foot-hillt 
 of the Wahsatch Mountains and near the 
 shores of Salt Lake ; the Territory of 
 Oregoxi, which hnd a few settlements on 
 the Columbia, Willamette, Cowlitz and 
 Nisqually ; the Colony of Vancouver Is- 
 land, with » mere handful of whites, 
 gathered under the guns of Fort Victoria ; 
 and the State of California, with two to 
 three hundred thousand people. There 
 was then but one small mail that crossed 
 the continent, and that was carried 
 monthly from Salt Lake, each way, dur- 
 ing about six months in the year. Since 
 then the whole extent of that vast terri- 
 tory has been covered with young nations, 
 possessing all the elements of vigorous 
 national life, enjoying all the appliances of 
 modern civilisation, yielding fabulous 
 wealth, and stoutly contending as 
 rivals in the race of progi-«s8 
 •with States and Provinces, the 
 work of centuries on this continent. 
 Western Ne^bnvska and Kansas, with 
 Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Washii\gton, 
 Utah and Nevada, are no better than 
 Briti:ih Columbia, and in many importfti.t 
 I respects are far worse. Two hundred and 
 [fifty miles west of Missouri River, 
 
 Nebraska and Kansas cease to be agricul- 
 tural states. Thence for sixteen hundred 
 miles west, till the valley of the Sacra- 
 mento is reached, no cultivated land 
 exists, — except patches in Utah nourished 
 by irrigation. North and south, east 
 and west, it is mountains with untold 
 mineral wealth, and vast plains that will 
 ever remain pasture lands, amid irredeem- 
 able deserts. The consequence is that 
 when the western limit ot cultivable lands 
 in Nebraska^ Kansas, and contiguous 
 territories, shall have been occupied, the 
 tide of population flowing westwardly in 
 the United States in search of arable 
 land, will turn northwardly and spread 
 itself over the fertile belt in our Great 
 North West. Of this, there seems to me 
 to be no doubt. Hence the policy of 
 Government in pushing onward vigorously 
 the Pacific Railway — providing rapid 
 facilities of transportation for our own 
 immigration and the coming tide from the 
 south — commends itself to every patriot. 
 The hon. gentlemen opposite, ever since 
 the Debates this St'ssion began, and ever 
 since the admission of British Columbia, 
 have declaimed against the building 
 of a railway at such a vast cost. Why, 
 Sir, the total amount for tlie whole line, 
 some $80,000,000, would be voted by 
 this Parliament at once, for the purpose 
 of defence, if a war broke out to-morrow, 
 and would be voted without a dissenting 
 voice. Sir, if the expenditure for the 
 Railway, is spread over eight or ten 
 years, it is small in comparison to such 
 an expenditure for defence purposes; for 
 war expenditure would be an expendi- 
 ture from which we should Bee no great 
 reproductive works in the future, but would 
 be spent at once and lost for ever. But 
 this Railway is a great work, a 
 great national work, that will be vahi- 
 able for all time; and would become 
 more and more valuable year after year. 
 War would ensure a vote of a vast ex- 
 penditure of millions, entailing the slaugh- 
 ter of our sons, the destruction of our 
 property, and manifold miseries ; whereas 
 here, we hesitate and object to a vote foi 
 a peaceful purpose ; for a ■ -ilway that 
 will always be an instrumt : of peace, 
 and an implement of war. Let 
 me draw th« attention oi the Houw 
 to some statements made by the Toronto 
 Olohe, while the hon. member for Lamb- 
 ton (Mr. Mackenzie) was the leader 
 
 V' 
 
 M ;■, 
 
of the late Government, on the 
 31 at of August, 1876. It vr&s made 
 at the time that Lord Dufferin was in 
 British Columbia on p mission that proved 
 to be a failure ; was made after the route 
 for the Pacific Eailway had been adopted 
 
 from T6te Jaune Pass to Fort George ; 
 and was published, no doubt, semi-offi- 
 cally by the hon. member for Lambton 
 to influence the people of British Colum- 
 bia. It is as follows : 
 
 Thunder Bay to Red River, 413 miles, 
 
 Red River to Livingstone, 271 do 
 
 Livingstone to Edmonton, 616 do 
 
 Edmonton tu Yellow Head Pass, 283 do 
 Yellow Head Pass to Stewart River, 260 do 
 Stewait River to Bute Inlet, 288 do 
 
 average per mile 328,000 |ll,430,00u 
 
 16,.S()0 4,4'20,000 
 
 19,000 9,772,000 
 
 19,000 6,601,000 
 
 20,000 5,33.5,000 
 
 46,500 13,420,000 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Total miles 2,031 
 French River to Thunder Bay, 620 do 
 
 Total through line 2,651 miles. 
 
 do 
 
 Total cost $50,978,500 
 40,000 24,800,000 
 
 Total cost 875,778,500 
 
 Branches, 
 
 Georgian Bay Branch, 80 miles SI, 120,000 
 
 Pembina Branch, 89 miles, at $15,000 per mile 1,335,000 
 
 Subsidy to Canada Central, 120 miles, at $12,000 per mile 1,440,000 
 
 3,895,000 
 
 Total cost Pacific Railway 379,673,500 
 
 The hon. the Minister of Railways, I be- 
 lieve, estimated the cost of the Pacific 
 Railway from Thunder Bay to Biirrard 
 Inlet at $64,000,000. This is higlier 
 than the Globe's semi-official statement in 
 187(3, for the longer and alleged more 
 costly line from Thunder Bay to Bute 
 Inlet, namely, §50,978,500. Sir, if this 
 estimate of the hon. member for Lainbton 
 and his Engineers were true in 1876, it 
 is true now, and shows that what tho 
 hon. members opposite sometimes allege 
 to be a work of appalling magnitude is no 
 such thing, and that the objections that 
 they urge are consequently unreasonable. 
 No reasonable public man will truthfully 
 say that $50,978,500 to construct the 
 Pacific Railway in ten years to come from 
 Thunder Bay to the Pacific is a sum of 
 such apjmlliug magnitude that the people 
 of Canada cannot bear the burden. But, 
 Sir, no matter which is right, the esti- 
 mate of the hon. the Minister of Rail- 
 ways or that of the hon. member tor Lamb- 
 ton, we should not halt ; but should com- 
 plete the Railway to the Pacific within 
 the next ten years. The line from 
 Thunder Bay to French River was esti- 
 mated by the Globe to cost $24,800,000 ; 
 the Pembina Branch, the G|orgi!m Bay 
 Branch, and the subsidy to the Canada 
 Central at $3,895,000; making the total 
 cost of tho Pacific Railway from Frencli 
 River to Bute Inlet, $79,673,500. Tliis 
 differs little from the estimate of tlie hon. 
 
 the Minister of Railways, which I under- 
 stood hi m to fix at $82,000,000, for the 
 entire Ri'ilway when completed and in 
 operation. Now, Sir, the highest esti- 
 mate of the cost of the Pacific Railway 
 completed is nearly $6,000,000 less than 
 the total sum given by the Dominion, 
 the Provinces and the Municipalities, in 
 aid of Railways throughout Canada up to 
 1879. The Railway statistics supplied 
 to Parliament up to April, 1879, are as 
 follows : 
 
 Amount of aid for 
 Railway. 
 
 Dominion $65,939,900 81 
 
 Ontario 2,229,639 02 
 
 Quebec 8,513,613 27 
 
 New Brunswick 2,730,0t;0 00 
 
 Nova ScofcTa 818,750 00 
 
 Muuicipalitiea 7,224,578 63 
 
 Total $87,456,481 43 
 
 This sum has been spent within the last 
 fifteen or twenty years. Yet the country 
 is none tlie poorer ; in fact, it is far 
 richer. The people are as well clothed, 
 fed and housed as they were before its ex- 
 penditure ; and are better able to-day to 
 expend $80,000,000 in the construction 
 of tho Pacific Railway than they were at 
 any period during the expenditure of tlic 
 $87,456,481. The aid for railways was 
 l)ai4 in bonds, loans, taxes; but the 
 Dominion will re[)ay herself the total ex- 
 penditure for the Pacific Railway out of 
 revenue received from the sales of land 
 
 
 From tl 
 British 
 two ye;i 
 to Nov 
 among 
 exportf 
 bee, an 
 they ex 
 wick, 
 Coin ml 
 ported 
 cess 
 mncli 
 Nova 
 The pe 
 bia we 
 Prince 
 
Qeorge ; 
 lemi-offi- 
 jaml)ton 
 Colli na- 
 
 il, 430,00u 
 4,420,000 
 9,772,000 
 <;, 60 1,000 
 5,335,000 
 
 13,420,000 
 
 50,978,500 
 24,800,000 
 
 75,778,500 
 
 3,895,000 
 r79,«73,500 
 
 I under- 
 0, for the 
 id and in 
 liest esti- 
 I Railway 
 ) less than 
 Dominion, 
 palities, in 
 nada up to 
 1 supplied 
 871), are as 
 
 of aid for 
 
 Iway. 
 
 ),900 51 
 ),639 02 
 1,613 27 
 ),0i!0 00 
 },750 00 
 1,578 63 
 
 3,481 43 
 
 in the last 
 the country 
 , it is far 
 ell clothed, 
 ;fore its ex- 
 le to-day to 
 onstruction 
 liey were at 
 ture of the 
 .ilways was 
 ; but the 
 he total ex- 
 ilway out of 
 ales of land 
 
 along the line. The proposition of the 
 hon. nieml)er for Lamnton was that 
 $80,000,000 would build the Pacitic Rail- 
 way ; and I do not think that there is a 
 shadow of doul)t but that tliat sum will 
 be sufficient. Sir, this completes my re- 
 view of the Railw.iy to the foot-liills east 
 of the Rocky Mountains, and brings me 
 to the motion of the hon. member for 
 West Durham (Mr. Blake), wlio wishes 
 that the road should not be constructed in 
 British Columbia. The Ksqiiimalt-Nan- 
 aimo section of tlie Pacific Railway, W(> 
 look upon as i> road to bo built by the 
 Government of Canada, in accordance 
 with the contracts with Columbia, in the 
 Terms of Union, and in fulfilment of the 
 Carnarvon Award ; but I will select some 
 other opportunity todoal with that question. 
 Before I deal at length with the motion 
 of tlie hon. member for West Durham, T 
 wish to draw attention to some lJ,L;ureM 
 in rejrard to Jjiitish Columbia. The hon. 
 
 gentleman said, in his speech, that we had 
 only 12,000 of a population in that Pro- 
 vince. Some years ago the hon. gentle- 
 man said, at Walkerton, the population 
 was 2,000. I am glad tl>at he has given us 
 credit of an increase of 1 0,000 ; but, never- 
 theless, I will endeavour to sliow that he is 
 as mistaken as a statistician as ho is as a 
 statesman. I will first di'aw attention to 
 some figures in regard to the imports 
 and exports of Britisli Columbia, as com- 
 pared with the other Provinces. I will 
 not go into all my figures at this lato 
 liour, and weary tlio Jfouse, but I ex- 
 pect the Hansard report to take tliem 
 in full, as tliey are tabulated in order 
 tliat tiiis Hou.se, aufl this country, may 
 know the true relation that British 
 (.■oluinbia bears to the rest of the Domin- 
 ion. I will confine myself only to such 
 explanations as wiJl make my statistics 
 more intelligible. The first table is as 
 follows: — 
 
 Statejiekt of the Import3 and Exjxirt? of tlic Provinces for 1878-79, compared with each 
 other on the basis of Population. 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 1878-70. 
 Import"). 
 
 34,105,826 
 30,924,824 
 7.062,61! 
 £,298,454 
 1,140,871 
 2,440,789 
 83.5, .569 
 
 
 
 NoTa Scotia. , . 
 N. BrunswioW.. 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 Brit. Columbia 
 P. E. Island. . . 
 
 1878-79. 
 Exports. 
 
 $ 
 
 21,706,806 
 
 28,880,492 
 
 7,.326,018 
 
 6,371,471 
 
 512,87.S 
 
 2,7.5.5,972 
 
 1,831,389 
 
 187i-7J. 
 
 Excerfij of 
 
 Kxp.)rtsovc!r 
 
 Import:). 
 
 s 
 
 12,39!),()20 
 2 044,332 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 
 fi'-'7,90S 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil 
 
 1878-7r. 
 
 Excess of 
 Kxports 
 over Im- 
 ports . 
 
 .«! 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 263,404 
 
 7.5,017 
 
 Nil, 
 31.5,183 
 095,820 
 
 Estimated 
 Population 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 1,.500.000 
 
 400,001 
 
 300,000 
 
 50.000 
 
 50,000 
 
 100,(K)0 
 
 Per Ca- Per Ca- 
 pita Tin- • pita Ex- 
 ports', ports. 
 
 .$ eta. 
 17 05 
 20 61 
 17 05 
 17 65 
 22 80 
 48 81 
 H 35 
 
 ^ cts. 
 10 S.5 
 19 25 
 18 01 
 
 17 90 
 10 25 
 .55 12 
 
 18 31 
 
 I. 5 '3 
 
 <a a •> 
 
 M?3 
 
 rt « 2 
 .- id -' 
 ~ a 
 
 Eh S 
 
 .•§ cts. $ ct i 
 
 6 14 
 
 1 36 
 Nil. 
 .Nil. 
 12 56 
 .^•il. 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 Cfi 
 25 
 
 Nil. 
 6 30 
 9 95 
 
 From this table, it will bo observed that 
 Briti.sh Columbia, although only twenty- 
 two years old as a Province, stands next 
 to Now Brunswick, and fifth in rank 
 among the Provinces as an importer and 
 exporter of merchandise. Ontario, Que- 
 bec, and Manitoba imported more than 
 they exported ; Nova Scotia, New Bruns- 
 wick, Prince Edward Island, and British 
 Columbia exported more than they im- 
 ported ; and British Columbisi's ex- 
 cess over imports was nearly as 
 nincli as the aggregate excess of 
 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 
 The per capita imports of British Colum- 
 bia were six times more per capita than 
 Prince Edward Island, nearly three times 
 
 more per capita than either Ontario, 
 Nova Scotia or New Branssvick ; and 
 more than double the per capita imports 
 of Quebec and Manitoba. Her exports 
 per capitn. were five times more than the 
 per capita exports of either Ontario or 
 Manitoba, and three times more than 
 either Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Bruns- 
 wick or Prince Erlward Island. These 
 are incontrovertible facts that I submit 
 to this House, and press upon the atten- 
 tion of the hon. gentleman who has moved 
 a repudiation resolution. I will now draw 
 your attention, Sir, to a summary state- 
 ment showing the exports of each Pro- 
 vince under their respective heads. It is 
 as follows : 
 
 (i '.'I 
 
Statemext showing Exports of the difTereiit Provinces unJor their rospectivo hoads. — 187S-9, 
 
 Trovinoei. 
 
 Mint. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 QueboD ' 
 
 Nova ScoHa. . . 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 P.E.Island. .. 
 Brit. Columbia 
 
 Total 
 
 825, 7«9 
 236.448 
 3.15,985 
 153,44!) 
 30!t 
 45 
 ,530,812 
 
 FUhery. 
 
 « ' 
 
 95.531 
 
 797,6fi2 
 
 4,498,995 
 
 681,124 
 
 2,635 
 
 219,431 
 
 643,493 
 
 3,0 .'J.gW 6,928,871 
 I 
 
 Forest. 
 
 a 
 
 3,253,724 
 f.,274 S94 
 
 796,703 
 3,622,514 
 
 Nil. 
 40,258 
 
 273,366 
 
 Animals 
 
 and their 
 
 Produce. 
 
 AKrieul- 
 
 tural 
 Produeti. 
 
 1.3,261,459 
 
 5,726,453 
 7,043,290 
 332,272 
 121,1631 
 474,071 
 74,545 
 268,671 
 
 14,100.604 
 
 10,410,174 
 
 7,253,052 
 
 509,225 
 
 185,071 
 
 33,752 
 
 1,234,68 
 
 2,505 
 
 19,628,464 
 
 Manu- 
 facture!. 
 
 S85,740 
 !* -.3,242 
 4; 3,753 
 U! ',0tVJ 
 s'M 
 2."»6,.VJ2I 
 Nil. 
 
 Mlacel- 
 
 Iun(x.iu8. 
 
 3,700,281 
 
 a 
 
 229,219 
 93,949 
 879 
 12,952 
 Nil. 
 Nil. 
 Nil. 
 
 380,281 
 
 Thi.s statement shows that British Col- 
 lunbia expoiied one-half of the total ex- 
 ports of tbo j)roiIueo of the mines of the 
 Dominion ; and in tliat class of exj^orts 
 take.s tiie first rank. She stands fourth 
 in rank as an exporter of the ))roduce of 
 the Fisheries, and exports three times 
 more than Prince Edward Island that i.s 
 so urgently asking for a share of the 
 Fishery Award. As an exporter of the 
 produce of the forest, she stands filth in 
 rank '. and fifth also in rank as an ex- 
 porter of animals and their jjroduce. In 
 agricultural products she is the smo.llest 
 exporter ot any of the Provinces ; but I 
 predict that af't>^r the Pacific Railway 
 all have been comjdeted, she will export 
 more than any other Province. Besides 
 her ex[)ortH, tlie value of her agricultural 
 products, farming and stock-raising can- 
 dot be less than $1,000,000, and her pro- 
 ductive industries of other kind?!, 
 $750,000, making the total value of pro- 
 ducts for domestic use, .$1,750,000 in 
 187s'-9, or the total aggregate value, 
 in that yc;ir, of exports and pro- 
 ductions for domestic vise, $4,.500,OO0. 
 Need it be wondered at, then, 
 in British Columbia, with half her 
 populatioii Indians, has confidence in her 
 own magnificent resources, and conten*, if 
 need be, to stand alone, that she is 
 proud of her position and power, and that 
 she treats with disdain those wl.o would 
 violate their pledges, and ti'umplo under 
 foot the most solemn obligations 1 I will 
 now, Sir, bring under the notice of the 
 House a .statement of the trade between 
 Briliijh Columbia and the other Pro 
 vinces. It is as follows : — 
 
 Si'ATEMKvr of lutur-Provincial Trade, l)etwecn 
 Btitith .Columbia aud tbo Eastern Provinces, 
 
 since 1871. (Jooda imported into British 
 Columbia from Eastern Provinces, since 1S71. 
 
 July, 1871, to June 30, 1872 $ 22,214 52 
 
 1873 75,604 08 
 
 187-?- 6ii,l04 17 
 
 1875 117,054 l(i 
 
 1876 129,735 13 
 
 1877 160,814 00 
 
 1877. to Dec. 31, 1877 57,162 00 
 
 Year " 1878 169,7.')3 00 
 
 " 1879 184,564 00 
 
 1872, 
 187.3, 
 1874, 
 1875, 
 187(J. 
 
 Total Imports by B. C. froui other 
 
 Provinces §983,005 60 
 
 Total Exports of l>.(J. to otlier Fro- 
 viuces in gold uraft^ to piy for 
 Imports .*9S3,005 50 
 
 In round number.^, British Columbia has 
 purcha.sed in eight years and a-half a 
 million dollars' worth of mercliandise of 
 Ontario and Quebec, principally the form- 
 er, and paid for it in gold. Tlio .^>0,000 
 Columbians — whites, Chinese and Indians 
 — have, within eight years aiid a half 
 paid Ontario and Quebec $20 each for 
 goods produced in this country. That 
 $1,000,000, when passed from hand to 
 hand in trade, has added $5,000,000 to 
 the aggregate volume of thdr domestit: 
 trade, and has contributed to the support 
 of hundreds of operatives and hundreds of 
 families, — and yst that is but the dawning 
 of the inter-provincial trade with tho 
 Pacific Provinct). When there are 
 one or two hundred thousand of a whita 
 population on our western coasts, when 
 tl)o Pacific Raitway, completed, shall 
 carry cheaply across the continent, the 
 domestic market offered to eastern manu- 
 iacturera in British Columbia, will be 
 worth its $1,000,000 or $2,000,000or mora 
 a year. Probably neither the Oovernment 
 nor Opposition have noted this inter-pro- 
 vincial trade m the past, or forecast its 
 
 I'roTlnc* 
 
 Totiil. 
 
 . 
 
—1873.9. 
 
 Mlacel- 
 Iiintxjus. 
 
 
 
 •J I 
 
 « 
 
 229,219 
 93.949 
 879 
 12,952 
 Nil. 
 Nil. 
 Nil. 
 
 ;!.SG,281 
 
 ito Hritisli 
 since l.'^71. 
 
 ? 22,214 52 
 
 7r>,()04 08 
 
 (ii(,l04 17 
 
 117,054 l(i 
 
 129,735 13 
 
 100,814 00 
 
 57, 162 00 
 
 169,753 00 
 
 184,564 00 
 
 §983,005 50 
 
 .?9S3,O05 50 
 
 luinljia luis 
 
 I ii-hiilf a 
 jliiindise ot' 
 y the form- 
 riio 50,000 
 nd Indians 
 mi a half 
 L) eacli for 
 try. 'J'liat 
 
 II hand to 
 000,000 to 
 :• domestic; 
 he support 
 lUndreda of 
 le dawning 
 
 with tho 
 there are 
 of a whita 
 asts, when 
 sted, shall 
 inent, the 
 ;ern manu- 
 1, will be 
 )00ormoro 
 overnment 
 
 inter-pro- 
 orocast its 
 
 volume in tho fntnro. It is, neverthelesH, 
 a growing,' donientic trade that will he 
 swollen into grander dimensions as the 
 Pacific Railway progresses towards com- 
 pletion ; and after its completion, onr 
 merchants and manufacturers of Old 
 Canada and the Maritime Provinces will 
 not merely sujjply manufactures for 
 domestic consumption on ourwesteni coast 
 and great North-West, but will enter into 
 earnest, competition with the advanced 
 nations of the world to supply our 
 domestic manufactures to a thousand 
 foreign markets around the Pacific Ocean. 
 Mr. speaker, I will now draw your atten- 
 tion to the taxes paid by Britith Columbia 
 and other Provinces into tue Federal 
 Treasuty. I will iii-st give a statement ot 
 what each Province paid in Customs in 
 1878-9. It is as follows : — 
 
 Statkment showing wJiat each Province p.iid 
 in Customs into Conaolidated Fund in 1878-9, 
 and what they would h.ivo paid at the rate 
 per capita paid by Brit'ah Columbia, on an 
 eatiixated pupulatiou of .50,000, iuoluding 
 Indians ; and also on 25,000, by reckoning 
 25,000 Indiana equal to 5,000 white con- 
 sumers. 
 
 I'ri'TlncM. 
 
 1879. 
 
 CiiMii.infl 
 
 Piild. 
 
 t 
 
 Estfmnteil 
 
 n|tUlu1i('Il. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebcu 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 N. Uruiis'k. 
 P. E. Island 
 Manitoba ... 
 U. Columbia 
 
 Total.... 
 
 4,978,.'il4 
 
 4,7HS,i)l!» 
 l,204,2Sl) 
 
 i.oaa.Wi" 
 
 27o,484 
 521,44;) 
 
 :l 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 i,:.0(i,ooo 
 
 400,lX)0 
 
 3 0,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 ,10,000 
 
 .'lO.OOO 
 
 13,040,531' 4,400,000 
 
 20,?40,0O0 
 
 15,030 too 
 
 4,1(!!('0(;0 
 
 8,120,000 
 
 1,042,000 
 
 5-Jl,000 
 
 621,443 
 
 45,848,433 
 
 Wonlil ImV 
 palil, I'lilc:!!- 
 
 lulliiKlirit- 
 lull r'ii)iji|,'a 
 
 lioiiulatli'M 
 at M.(i'jii. nt 
 
 cupitit. 
 
 9 
 
 41,08(1,000 
 31,2611,000 
 8,33B,C00 
 0,252,000 
 2,OS4,000 
 1,042,000 
 521,443 
 
 l*l,17.'),44t 
 
 This statement shows that the entire 
 Customs paid by the all the Provinces 
 into the Consolidated Fund in 1878-9, 
 was $13,040,331. That if Ontario, Que- 
 bec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
 Manitoba, and Princo Edward Island, 
 had paid in Customs into the Consoli- 
 dated Fund, at tho same rate per capita 
 aa Biitish Columbia, tho total amount 
 that it would have reached, is.f 45,848,433 ; 
 and if at tho same rate per capita as 
 British Columbia really paid, assuming 
 that 25,000 Indians are only equal to 
 6,000 white consumers, the amount paid 
 by all of the Provinces into the Con- 
 solidated Fund would have reached the 
 enormous sum of §91,175,443. From 
 this statement hon. gentlemen, Sir, will 
 j)erceive the astounding disproportion 
 
 between tho Customs taxes paid by 
 British Columbia, and what was paid 
 by the other Provinces. If they had 
 paid in Customs dues at !j 10.42, the 
 British Columbia per capita rate on a 
 population of 50,000, they would have 
 paid more than three times tho amount 
 they did ; and if on the reduced basis of 
 population for British Columbia, they 
 would have paid six times the amount 
 in Customs that they did. But, Sir, 
 1 will not weary tho House with 
 further e-Kplanations under this head, 
 but I will draw your attention 
 to another statement comparing the per- 
 centage of (Customs collected in British 
 Columbia with that of other Provinces, 
 and the proportion that the population of 
 that Province bear.H to tho other Pro- 
 vinces, I will read it. It is as fol- 
 lows •. 
 
 Statement of Custon^s collected in British 
 Columbia durinn the fiscal year, 1878-9, com- 
 pared with the Customs collected in tho same 
 period in ( 'tario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New 
 Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Mani- 
 toba ; showing, also, the proportion of popu- 
 lation in those Provinces to that of British 
 Columbia : — 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 " Columbia paid in Customs an amount equal 
 to lOJ per cent, of the sum paid by Ontario — 
 that is, 50,000 Columbians paid .§521,443, and 
 2,000,000 Ontarians taid 84,978.514, the pro- 
 portion of population being 1 to 40, or 5 Colum- 
 bians to 200 Ontarians. 
 
 QtTKBEC. 
 
 " Columbia paid in Customs an amount equal 
 to 10 7-8 percent, of the sum paid by Quebec — 
 that is, 50,000 :3olumbians paid $.521,443, and 
 1,500,000 Quebecers uaid §4,788,919, the pro- 
 portion of population being 1 to 30, or 6 Colum- 
 bians to 150 Quebecers. 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 " Columbia paid in Customs an amount equal 
 to 43 3-10 per cent, on the sum paid by Nova 
 Scotia— that is, 50,000 Columbians paid 
 $521,443, and 400,000 Nora Scotians paid 
 $1,204,289, the proportion ofpopulatien being 
 1 to 8, or 5 Columbians to 40 Nova Scotians. 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 " Columbia paid in Customs au amount equal 
 to 49 3-100 per cent, of the sum paid by New 
 Brunswick— that is, 50,000 Columbians paid 
 $531,443, and 300,000 New Brunswickers paid 
 $1,063,447, the proportion of population being 
 I to 6. or 6 Columbians to 30 New Bruns- 
 wickers. 
 
 PRINCE HOWARD ISLAND. 
 
 " Columbia paid in Customs an amount equal 
 to 150^ per cent, more than the sum paid by 
 Prince Edward Island— that is, 50,000 Colum- 
 bians paid $521,443, and 100,000 Prince Edward 
 Islanders paid $208,438, or Columbia paid $250^ 
 
 f !( 
 
to flOO paid by Prince Idward Island; or 
 1313,005 more than Prince Edward Island, the 
 proportion of population being 1 to 2, or 5 Col- 
 Hmbians te 10 Prince Edward Islanders. 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 '' Columbia paid in Customs an amount equal 
 to 87 8-11 per cent, more than Manitoba — that 
 is, (asaumine the population to be equal,) 
 Columbia paid SI87 8-11 to $100 by Manitoba, 
 or $521,443 to $275,484 by Manitoba, an excess 
 over Manitoba of §246,959." 
 
 This statement ia so full and clear, Sir, 
 that it is unuecessary for me to enter 
 now upon an explanation. I will, there- 
 fore, come now to the Inland Revenue 
 paid by the different Provinces, and 1 
 submit the following statement. 
 
 Inland Revenue.— Excise, Source* of Fevcaue: 
 Spirits, Malt Liquor, Malt, Tobacco, Fctro- 
 leum Inspection, Manufactu.;es, Seizures and 
 other Keceipta, 187S-&. 
 
 
 Estima- 
 
 
 
 More 
 
 I.fNS 
 
 Province. 
 
 teU 
 
 Total 
 
 Per 
 
 tlinn 
 
 than 
 
 Poimla- 
 
 Excise. 
 
 Capita 
 
 f(.l- 
 
 el- 
 
 
 tiuii. 
 
 
 
 umbiu 
 
 unihin 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 • 
 
 < 
 
 8 
 
 ••J 
 
 Ontario 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 8,383,316 
 
 111) 
 
 66 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Uuebeu 
 
 Nova Scotia.. 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 1,472,».'>0 
 
 08 
 
 34 
 
 Nil. 
 
 400,000 
 
 Si2,011 
 
 65 
 
 Nil. 
 
 oow 
 
 N. Brunswiclc. 
 
 300.0C0 
 
 iisi.seo 
 
 7-1 
 
 10 
 
 Nil. 
 
 P. E. Island.... 
 
 10!',000 
 
 60,371 
 
 Of)0 
 
 Nil. 
 
 14 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 60,000 
 
 54,V!2H 
 
 1 OS 
 
 44 
 
 Nil. 
 
 11. Columbia... 
 
 60,000. 32,31tf 
 
 004 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 
 In this statement the estimated population 
 of each Province is given, the amount 
 paid by each Province, the rate per capita 
 in excise in each, and the amount per 
 capita more or less than in British Col- 
 umbia. It shows that the Excise paid in 
 Ontario is 55 cents more per capita than 
 in British Columbia ; 34 cents more in 
 Quebec, 10 cents more in New Brunswick 
 and 44c. more in Manitoba ; and that it 
 is 9c. less in Nova Scotia, and 14c. less in 
 Prince Edward Island. This shows that 
 British Columbia pay« more per capita in 
 Excise than either Nova Scotia or Prince 
 Edward Island and less than the other 
 Provinces. What she is, however, 
 deficient in her contribution to Excise, in 
 comparisoa with some Provinces is a hun- 
 dred times counterbalanced by her pay- 
 ments in Customs in excess of all others. 
 Before leaving this question, however, I 
 may remark that we had, a few 
 days ago, a discussion on the Tariff. 
 The whole energy of the Opposition and 
 whole strength of the Government was 
 directed to one point — the Customs 
 Revenue and how it was levied. No on«, 
 
 so far as I recollect, touchtd upon 
 Excise and Stamps, amounting to over 
 15,500,000, nor upon Post-office and 
 Public Works, and other raceipts aoiount- 
 ing in all to over $4,000,000. My hon. 
 friend from North Norfolk (Mr. Charl- 
 ton) did discuss the sale of Crown Lands ; 
 but not with respect to Kevenu*. His 
 argumonts were directed solely to the 
 best mode of managing our North-West 
 lands, w'th a view to settlement. Out of 
 $22,517,381, the total Consolidated 
 Revenue for 1878-9, the Customs only 
 yielded $12,900,659. The difference, 
 $10,000,000, in round numbers, remained 
 unquestioned, showing the opinion of th«' 
 Opposition to be, if it showed anything 
 at all, that the sources of Revenue, other 
 than CustomH, jus managed by my hon. 
 friend the Minister of Finance, to be in % 
 state of perfection. Even the long and 
 wearisome discussion on the Tariff by 
 hon. gentlemen opi)osite, amounted to 
 little or nothing ; for, if they wei*e in 
 otHoe to-morrow, they could not reduce 
 taxation, because the obligations of the 
 country are such that taxation cannot be- 
 low ered : and hence some other expedient 
 must be adopted to lighten the burdens of 
 the people, if too oppressive. We will con- 
 sider now the Consolidated Revenue, 
 and Expenditure with respect to British 
 Columbia, inasmuch as our Province has 
 been supposed by hon. gentlemen opposite 
 to be a poor contributor ; also to show the 
 payments required ot each Province, and to 
 show what British Columbia is entitled to 
 pay at the ordinary j)er capita of the Do- 
 minion, as her share to the Consolidated 
 Fund, and her share for Public Expendi- 
 ture. I have in my hand a summary 
 detail, from the Public Accounts, of the 
 Consolidated Fund and Expenditure for 
 1878-9, which I will give to the Jfaiiaard 
 reporter for insertion, and not enter upon 
 the full details now. The summary is 
 as follows : 
 
 SUMMARY OF OONSOLIDATED FUNU. 
 
 Taxe», 1878-9. 
 
 Custonaa $12,900,659 
 
 Excise 5,390,763 
 
 Bill Stamps 185,199 
 
 ToUl $18,476,613 
 
 Other Rtceipto. 
 
 Poet OlTice *. . . . 1, 172,418 
 
 Public Works, including Bailwayi 1,863,149 
 
9 
 
 '•d upon 
 to ov«r 
 ice and 
 anaount- 
 'y hon. 
 Charl- 
 n Lands ; 
 iu«. His 
 to the 
 irth-WeBt 
 Out of 
 isolidated 
 ;oin8 ouly 
 liffereiice, 
 remaiiied 
 in of the 
 anything 
 uo, other 
 njy hon. 
 to be in a 
 long and 
 Tariff by 
 ) nil ted to 
 wei-e in 
 :it reduce 
 ns of the 
 lannofc be 
 expedient 
 )urden3 of 
 e will con- 
 Ke venue, 
 to British 
 )vince has 
 n opposite 
 show the 
 ice, and to 
 mtitled to 
 >f the Do- 
 isolidated 
 Expendi- 
 suminary 
 I, of the 
 litnre for 
 Ifansard 
 iter upon 
 Jimary i* 
 
 run. 
 
 12,900,669 
 
 5,390,763 
 
 185,199 
 
 18,476,613 
 
 1,172,418 
 1,663,149 
 
 Interests on Investments (perma- 
 nent) 621,494 
 
 Interests on Investments (tempor- 
 ary) 71,006 
 
 Ordnanoe lands 40,849 
 
 Casual 47,021 
 
 Premium and Disoount 460 
 
 Bank Imposts 2,853 
 
 Fines, Forfeitures and Seizures.. .. 32,148 
 
 Tannage Dues (River Police) 21,361 
 
 do (Mariners' Fund)... 37,767 
 
 Steamboat Inspection 12,831 
 
 Fisheries 17,738 
 
 CiUl.rs 24,715 
 
 Militia 16,031 
 
 Penitentiaries 53,115 
 
 MiscellajieoiiR Receipts 15,325 
 
 Superannuation 41 ,959 
 
 Dominion Laud'* (Manitoba) 23,828 
 
 Dominion ' era 1,612 
 
 Gas Inspection and Law Cltamps. . 3,172 
 
 I 'ranee Inspection 6 J.34 
 
 V\ eights and Measures 13,685 
 
 Siimmf.r^, 
 
 Taxes . . f 18,476.61!? 
 
 Other Receipts 4,040,768 
 
 'j • «l Consolidated Fund. . . $22,617,381 
 
 SUMMARY OF KXPENDITURE. 
 
 Charges for Debt and Su' sidies.. . . :JM, 942,641 
 
 Ordinary Expenditure 6,941, .'J77 
 
 Charges on Revenue 5,.'561,16'2 
 
 Total KKpendilure S24.455.386 
 
 Now, Sir, I hav amed a tabular state- 
 ment that shows i'l the most concise form 
 possiUe wh»t each Province in 1878-9 
 ought to ' •' .e coiilnbuted to the Con- 
 solidated l?und, ar I wli ;, ought to have 
 been their respeetivo contributions to the 
 Public Exper'iitnre. T will read it. It 
 is as follo\, s : — 
 
 Total $4,040,768 
 
 CoN80Lii)ATEr> Rkvknur ani> Expenditctre of Do jai^TOK.— Total Consolidated Rrrenue, 1878-9, 
 |I22.517,:(S2 ; Total Poiiulation, 4,400,000; Average Revenue, pn- cupita, )i.jA2. Tntal 
 Expenditurn, 1878-9, 824,455,381 56 ; Total ['opul»tion,4,400,(J00 ; Average Exienditure, per 
 capita, liS5 56. 
 
 Province. 
 
 EMtiinated 
 Poimlation. 
 
 Apprcixi- 
 
 nmto Aver- 
 
 iigo Uovuiiue 
 
 per Capita. 
 
 Slmro of Ciiii»(jli- 
 duted Revuniiu 
 
 reipiired of taeh 
 
 I'Mvinec as per 
 
 I>opulation. 
 
 Airproxi- 
 
 inatc uvcr- 
 
 ab'o i;xpu!iili- 
 
 turo per 
 
 Capita. 
 
 I'rDpurtiiiimto 
 tharc of 
 ExiMiiulitiire re- 
 quired of each Pro- 
 vince, tw l)a.sed on 
 I'opulatiuii. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 400.000 
 
 300,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 5.12 
 5.12 
 5.12 
 5.12 
 .5. 12 
 6.12 
 5.12 
 
 10,240,000 
 
 7,680,000 
 
 2,048,000 
 
 1,5.36,000 
 
 512,000 
 
 2.50,000 
 
 256,000 
 
 s 
 
 5.56 
 O.Sii 
 6.56 
 ■ 5.56 
 5.56 
 5.56 
 5.56 
 
 $ 
 
 11,120,000 
 8,310,000 
 2,224,000 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Prince Edward Island. . 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 1,668,000 
 556,(<00 
 278,000 
 278,000 
 
 - 
 
 4,400,000 
 
 
 22,528,000 
 
 
 24,464,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sir, no statements can be submitted to 
 this House that show more correctly the 
 just charges for Revenue and Expenditure 
 laid on each Province than the one that 
 I have just read to this House. 1 ' 
 •hows that the rate per capita for Revenue 
 is $5.12, and that the rate per capita for 
 Expenditure is $5.86,throughout the whole 
 Dominion from sea to sea. The burden of 
 taxation and expenditure thus rests 
 equally upon tlie entire people. When, 
 however, the per cajnta contribution to the 
 Revenue and Expenditure of any Pro- 
 vince is higher than in any one or all 
 the other Provinces, that Province is 
 unequally and unfairly taxed. I admit 
 that it is impossible to impose taxes with 
 mathematical exactness u|)on on: whole 
 people. Some sections of our country 
 and Bome classes of our people, under our 
 
 system of taxation, will contribute moi"e 
 to the Revenue than other sections and 
 other classes, and our only course is so to 
 impose taxesas to restapproximately evenly 
 on all. British Columbia, however, is 
 one of those sections of the Dominion 
 that ccatiibutes far more per capita than 
 any other Province : She contributed in 
 1878-9, an excess, over her just share 
 to the Consolidated Fund, of ii>297,762; 
 and au excess, over her legitimate contri 
 bution to the Expenditure, of $275,762. 
 The former and following statements 
 prove this clearly and indisputably to 
 this House : 
 
 RBVENUE. — CONSOLIDATED FUND. 
 
 Total sum required of British Colum- 
 bia, to pay her share of Consolidated 
 Fund, on basis of popuiatiou, 
 1878-9 $256,000 
 
 'A 
 
 ■■}; 
 
10 
 
 m companson 
 of older and 
 contribution of 
 
 Total sum actually paid 1iy British 
 Columbia, into Consolidatorl Fund, 
 in Customs and Excise, 1878-9.... 553,762 
 
 Total sum actually paid into ('on- 
 solidated Fund by British Columbia, 
 in excess of sum required as her 
 share on basis of population, 
 1878 9 297,762 
 
 BXPKNDIIURE. — CONSOi.IDATED FUND. 
 
 Total sum required of British Colum- 
 bia, to meet her share of expendi- 
 ture, on basis of population, 1878-9. $278,000 
 
 Total sum sctually paid by British 
 Columbia, in Customs and Excise, 
 toward Dominion Expenditure 553,762 
 
 Total sum actually paid by British 
 Columbia, in Customs and Excise, 
 toward Dominion Expenditure, in 
 excess of amount required, on basis 
 of populatio», 1878-9 275,762 
 
 For a people numerically so small 
 with the populations 
 larger Provinces, the 
 British Columbia, in 
 excess of her just proportion, is enormous. 
 The excess is larger than the whole con- 
 tribution to the Customs Revenue by 
 Manitoba, or the entire Customs and 
 Excise contribution of Prince Edwai-d 
 laland. Yet, Sir, not a murmur has 
 been heard from our people. We have 
 borne the enormous burden of Federal 
 taxation as a manly, self-reliant peoi)le. 
 We have only asked the Dominion to 
 meet her just obligations to the Province; 
 and yet up to the present, the 
 greatest of the Dominion's obligations 
 has not been met ; and an bon. 
 gentlemen opposite proposes to re- 
 pudiate that. The hon. member for 
 West Durham spoke to-day as if his 
 own Province, Ontario, paid nearly every- 
 thing. He said she was willing to spend 
 her money throughout the Dominion. The 
 
 House ought to understand that we have 
 ceased to be provincial, and that we meet 
 here as representatives of the Dominion ; 
 that we pay taxes as the citizens of 
 Canada ; and no matter what the revenue 
 may be — no matter what the expenditure 
 — whether outside, for our agency in 
 England, or for purposes inside, the ex- 
 penditure is so much for British Colum- 
 bia, Nora Scotia, and other Provinces 
 as well as for Ontario. The hon. gentle- 
 man keeps his books in single, double 
 and tieble entry — he keeps his books for 
 the Dominion, the Pi-orinces, the coun- 
 ties, the townships, and so on, ad in- 
 finitum, and took occasion to read 
 from them to-day to show how much the 
 other Provinces received from Ontario. 
 Nothing could be more subversive of good 
 feeling under our Federal form of Govern- 
 ment than parading what each Province 
 contributes to the Federal Exchequer mere- 
 ly in laudation of Ontario, and thus raising 
 invidious distinctions between the Pro- 
 vinces of thisDominion. None but apari^h 
 statesman could do such a thing. The 
 statement often made in the press, that 
 Ontario pays all the Revenue, is not cor 
 rect. True, she has a large population, 
 but the citizens of Quebec might as well 
 •ay they pay all, because their number is 
 also vei-y large. Later on I will 
 deal with this issue. I wish now, 
 Sir, to submit to the House a tabular 
 statement showing the total approximate 
 amount of Revenue paid by British- Col- 
 umbia in eigl *; years into the Federal 
 Treasury. I will read certain por- 
 tions, and hand the table to the Ilansanl 
 reporter for insertion. It is as follows : 
 
 I Total Appro 
 1879, int( 
 
 Customs.. 
 Excljc... 
 
 Total taxes., 
 
 Post-oftlee — 
 Ocean »eivice. 
 
 Telegraph — 
 
 Harboiir dues. 
 
 Misvollaneous. 
 
 Share lutcroal 
 Preiniums .. 
 
 Marino Viiuil.- 
 
 Steamboat In- 
 spection 
 
 Fines, etc 
 
 Cxsaal •• 
 
 Militia 
 
 Superannua- 
 tion 
 
 This state 
 
 1871, to 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Ciistoms 
 
 of $3,39': 
 
 $351,3U 
 
 Revenue, 
 
 contribut 
 
 30th Jul 
 
 must ajip 
 
 singular, 
 
 memberf' 
 
 our sini 
 
 whites,— 
 
 could ha 
 
 $4,000,0 
 
 The peoi 
 
 croakinj; 
 
 (Mr. C;ai 
 
 V^est D 
 
 who cai 
 
 geuoroai 
 
 and to 
 
 and pus 
 
 higher a 
 
 to til em 
 
 seat in 
 
 l»ranch 
 
 Hiinimai 
 
 by Br 
 
 proport 
 
we have 
 we meet 
 dominion ; 
 itizflPB of 
 e revenue 
 penditure 
 igency in 
 the ex- 
 sh Colum- 
 Provinces 
 m. gentle- 
 e, double 
 books for 
 the coun- 
 uJ in- 
 to read 
 Much the 
 Ontario, 
 ve of good 
 )f Goveru- 
 Provinco 
 qner mere- 
 ms raising 
 the Pro- 
 ut a parish 
 .. The 
 press, that 
 not cor 
 »opulation, 
 it as well 
 number is 
 T will 
 ash now, 
 a tabular 
 proximp.te 
 itish- Col- 
 e Federal 
 bain por- 
 Hansard 
 3 follows : 
 
 11 
 
 Total Approximate Amount paid by British Oolumbia, betwuea July 2J, 1371, and June 30, 
 1879, into Consolidated Fund. 
 
 
 1871-2. 
 
 1872-3. 
 
 1873-4. 
 
 1874-5. 
 
 ISTfr-e. 
 
 1876-7. 
 
 1877-3. 
 
 ct.i. 
 
 425,.391 34 
 
 24,935 33 
 
 1878-0. 
 
 Total for 
 Eii;ht Years. 
 
 Customs 
 
 Excl.je 
 
 a cts. 
 
 354,801 00 
 
 1,457 14 
 
 !j ets. 
 
 303,885 29 
 
 5,723 93 
 
 $ cts. 
 
 335,787 29 
 
 10,074 34 
 
 n cts. 
 
 414,331 85 
 
 11,181 01 
 
 9 cts. ' 9 cts 
 
 487,013 34 404,895 42 
 
 14,913 711 20,204 00 
 
 ? cts. 
 514,8.54 91 
 31,909 2(1 
 
 
 Total taxes.... 
 
 350,321 74 
 
 309,610 22 
 
 350,462 13 
 
 42&,tl2 80 
 
 501,9:^7 05 
 
 426,150 02 
 
 470,320 07 
 
 540,824 il 
 
 .$3,892,162-80 
 
 CAsnAi. AND Territorial Rbvenue. 
 
 Post-oflloe 
 
 Ocean service. 
 
 Telegraph .... 
 
 Harbour dues. 
 
 Misnollaneous. 
 
 Share Interest 
 Premiums... 
 
 Uarino V'uiiil.. 
 
 Steamboat In- 
 speution 
 
 Fines, etc 
 
 Oisual . , 
 
 Militia 
 
 Superannua- 
 tion 
 
 777 84 
 
 7,193 Qi 
 
 , 7,970 34 
 
 16,740 90 
 24,732 72 
 14,310 48 
 12,513 29 
 1,113 42 
 
 6,310 OC 
 
 ' 11 
 I 12 
 918 
 
 14,074 67 
 
 12,439 84 
 
 9,257 08 
 
 9,504 20 
 
 1-1,449 20 
 
 10,120 7;; 
 
 295 40 
 
 8,945 97 
 
 8,415 00 11,074 001 13,63182 
 2,340 »S 
 
 2,157 29'i . 
 
 13,431 03 
 3,152 2r 
 7,325 9ii 
 
 405 87 
 
 75,720 81 
 
 44,730 49 
 
 38,559 70 
 
 630 00 
 
 53,255 09 
 
 10,044 61 
 1,95 J 23 
 8,530 57 
 
 12,831 15 
 1,878 09 
 
 449 S.H 
 
 •0170 
 
 2,440 60 
 
 470 V.6 
 
 670 00 
 
 43,800 74 
 
 10,791 a') 
 1,012 0i» 
 6,179 70 
 
 11,033 82 
 2,01ii25i 
 
 842 341 
 
 3,271 721 
 
 725 00 
 
 332 73 
 
 680 00 
 
 46,186 27 
 
 39 t5 
 
 11,26a 90 
 2,!:0o 00 
 
 620 94 
 758 94 
 91108 
 376 64 
 
 633 00 
 
 41,107 83 
 
 Total 
 
 = 351,344 17 
 33,743.696 97 
 
 This statemont shows that from July 20, 
 1871, to SOth June, 1871), British 
 Columbia paid to the Dominion, in 
 Customs ami Excise, the large sum 
 of $3,392,152.80. In addition slio paid 
 $351,314 in Casua and Territorial 
 Revenue, making a go..sa total of her 
 contributions, from 20th Julv, 1871, to 
 30th June, 1879, of $3,7«,(39G.97. It 
 must appoiir to hon. gentlemen somewhat 
 gingnlar, if the statements of the lion, 
 memberfor West Durliam be true, that if 
 our small population is only 12,000 
 whites, — it rtuist appear singular how they 
 could have uaid in those years, nearly 
 $4,000,000 into the Dominion Treasury. 
 The people \rlio contribute thus, without 
 croaking liko the hon. member forL'Islet 
 (Mr. Casgniin), and the hon. memb(5r for 
 V'sst Durham (Mr. Blake) — the people 
 who can show them.selves willing and 
 generous enough to bear such a burden, 
 and to put their shoulder to the wheel 
 and push on the state'car, should receive a 
 higher appreciation than has been extended 
 to them since I have had the honour of a 
 seat in this House. Before leaving this 
 branch of my subject, Wir, I will give a 
 nummary showing the total amount paid 
 by British Columbia in excess of her 
 proportionate share. It is as follows : 
 
 British Columb'a during eight 
 
 years, from July 20, 1371 to 
 
 June 30, 1879, paid in Cubtoms 
 
 and Excise into Conaolidated 
 
 Fund ?3,392,152 80 
 
 Britiah Columbia contributed to 
 
 Consolidated b'und from (^asual 
 
 and Territorial Revenues, from 
 
 July 20, 1871 to Juno 30, 1879 
 
 (uuder estimated) 351 ,344 17 
 
 §3,743,496 97 
 Proportionate share of Consoli- 
 dated Fund required of British 
 ColuniUia in eight years, Julv 
 20, 1871 to Juno 30, 1879, at 
 §256,000 per annum, taking the 
 tluancial year 1878-9 as the 
 basis for the whole period .... 2,048,000 00 
 
 Total amount contributed by 
 British Columbia from all sour- 
 ces to Consolidated Fund in 
 excess of her proportionate con- 
 tribution, based on Returns of 
 Itevetiue for 1878-9, in eight 
 years, ending Juno 30, 1879.. $1,695,496 97 
 
 Let ino repr3at that the revenue wo have 
 paid in excess of our legitimate share, ae- 
 Buming that each citizen should pay at the 
 same rate, approximately, thrjughout the 
 Dominion, nearly ^d, 750,000, and, at the 
 same time, we have not received that re- 
 turn we ought to have received from the 
 Dominion. 
 
 !| 
 
 
12 
 
 Sir albert J. SMITH : How much 
 h»Te you received ? 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS: It is quite imma- 
 t«rial how much we hare received, so long 
 we have paid our proper share of taxation. 
 "We are not dealing in provincial politics ; 
 we are not here as Provincials, but we are 
 here as Federalists. The sooner the 
 hon. member for Westmoreland takes 
 that large view of the matter the sooner 
 he will cease to look at his own sntiall Pro- 
 rinoe solely, or to condemn a ris- 
 ing Province, but twenty-two years 
 old, that pays half as much revenue 
 aa his does, into the Consolidated Fund. 
 In respect to Dominion Expenditure made 
 in or for British Columbia, allow me to 
 mention that there are certain sums of 
 
 tute and the Terms of Union. Ther« 
 are other sums that are under th* 
 direct control of this Parliament, and 
 either pai-ty in the House can oppose 
 them if it pleases; and any contribution, 
 beyond the statutory provision of the 
 House takes the responsibility for, and 
 not British Columbia, per se. Now, Sir, 
 I havo another statement .shewing the| 
 amount British Columbia would have paid 
 in Customs duties in 187'8-9 at the per\ 
 capita paid by each of the other Provincps, I 
 and also the amount she would lia>e paid 
 at the average per capita rate of the Do- 
 minion, and also the amount British 
 Columbia paid in excess of each of the | 
 other Provinces and Dominion at their 
 respective ptr capita taxation rates. I 
 will read it. It is as follows . 
 
 money that are to be paid for British 
 Columbia that are provided for by Sta- 
 
 Statement showing the amount that British Colnmhia would have paid in Custojns Duties in 
 1878-79, at the rate per capita, paid by each of the other Provinces ; and, al^o, the amount 
 she would have paid at the averasje por capita rate ot CustDms of the Dominion ; aiso tli« 
 amount Britisri Columbia paid in exceaa of each of the other Provinces and the Dominion 
 at their respective per capita Customs Tax Hate. 
 
 Estimated Popu- 
 
 attoD, Indians and 
 
 Whites. 
 
 6o,oca. 
 
 Balance that would 
 net have buen 
 paid by British 
 Columbia if Cus- 
 toms had been 
 collected at the 
 the respective 
 rates of Taxation 
 for other Provin- 
 oee and the Do- 
 
 Britbh 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Customs 
 
 per capita, 
 
 tSlO. 42. 
 
 521.443 
 
 Customs Customs 
 
 Ontnrio, tjuoboc, 
 
 per capita, per ciipita, 
 
 «8. UO, *i.W7. 
 
 minion . 
 
 Total. 
 
 153,000 
 
 368.443 
 
 521,443 
 
 621,443 
 
 \ Customs, 
 
 Nova 
 
 Scotia, 
 
 per capita, 
 
 «3.05. 
 
 198,500 
 
 322,943 
 521,443 
 
 152,500 
 
 368,94.'5 
 
 521.443 
 
 Customs, 
 
 New 
 UrunsiWick 
 per <«pit[i, 
 
 sa.«7, 
 
 183,500 
 
 „ . I Customs, 
 
 Customs, I J, ],^ [ 
 
 Manitoba, ' ^' ' 
 
 per capita, 
 
 ? 
 
 457,000 
 
 337,943 
 521,443 
 
 64,443 
 
 land, per 
 
 c a p i i^ a , 
 
 $2.19. 
 
 Cnstonis, 
 
 a\<'ra.'i', 
 
 per cupila. 
 
 Dominion, 
 
 ifS.'M. 
 
 $ I $ 
 
 109,,500, 175,000 
 
 521 443 
 
 411,943 
 521,443 
 
 3-16,443 
 
 521,443 
 
 I have prepared these figures in order 
 that this House may understand the true 
 financial position of the Province of 
 British Columbia, I have prepared it 
 with the view that hereafter the croaking 
 afalr-^t that Province, may cense. To 
 illustrate my object, I will tell a story : 
 I once heard ot a person who lived in 
 South Carolina, on the edge of a swamp. 
 The frogs were very numerous, and 
 greatly annoyed this man, and pie vented 
 him from sleeping at night. He tried 
 every expedient he could think of to stop 
 the frogs from croaking, and finally h* 
 
 hit upon the plan of contructing a huge 
 lantern, and whenever the frogs began to 
 croak, he opened the door of the lantern, 
 throwing a flood of light upon the 
 denizens of the swauij), aud reducing them 
 to silence at once. 1 sincerely hofie th* 
 statements I have made here to-night, to 
 throw light upon the finances of British 
 Columbia, will havo the eflect of stopping 
 this eternal croaking that we liave heard 
 in this Parliament from time to lim", up to 
 the present day. My hon. frinnda op- 
 posite, and notably the hon. member for 
 Durham, have been talking about "lil- 
 
 way 6xi>en 
 
 surveys, an^ 
 
 have endea 
 
 amount of 
 
 for Pacific 
 
 it shortly, 
 
 three Gove 
 
 arrangemei 
 
 mence cor 
 
 way in th 
 
 been struci 
 
 oonstructic 
 
 has been I 
 
 or stone 1 
 
 has beon 1 
 
 tie laid, m 
 
 been done 
 
 hera that 
 
 expended 
 
 that sum, 
 
 House bai 
 
 umbia^ent 
 
 men as S: 
 
 th« mone 
 
 be charge 
 
 undertak 
 
 When th 
 
 expenses 
 
 the part 
 
 the charg 
 
 bia is wr 
 
 the uttei 
 
 ment. 
 
 nevcrthe 
 
 just pre 
 
 has pai 
 
 into the 
 
 dollar e 
 
 Bailvvaj 
 
 ghow y( 
 
 I draw 
 
 ment, r 
 
 Statkmi 
 Colun 
 Con^ci 
 Exper 
 to Jul 
 
 Surplus 
 
13 
 
 on. Thert 
 under th« 
 ment, and 
 an oppog« 
 ntiibution, 
 sion of the 
 tj foi-, and 
 Now, Sir, 
 hewing the 
 d have paid 
 at the per 
 Provincpg, 
 Iia>e puid 
 of tlie Do- 
 t British 
 ach of tlie 
 on at their 
 1 rates. I 
 
 ns 
 
 Bnties in 
 
 , the amount 
 
 fin ; .liso tli« 
 
 he Ddininion 
 
 nis, 
 
 Customs, 
 
 . 1. 
 
 a\cT.i,'i:', 
 
 per 
 
 ta, 
 
 pur ciijiitii, 
 Doiiiiiiioii, 
 
 9. 
 
 1 
 
 .".'i.JO. 
 
 500, 175,000 
 
 1)4,3 
 
 tt.S 
 
 3-16,443 
 
 521,443 
 
 ting a huge 
 ;a began to 
 he lantern, 
 upon the 
 ucing them 
 r liope th* 
 ;o -night, to 
 of British 
 if stopping 
 lave heard 
 tinip, up to 
 rinnds op- 
 ueuiher for 
 ibout '•lil- 
 
 way ex^wnditure in British Columbia, 
 surveys, and all that sort of thing. I 
 have endeavoured to find out the total 
 amount of expenditure in that Province 
 for Pacific Railway surveys, and will give 
 it shortly, Sir, though there have been 
 three Governments in existence since the 
 arrangement was entered into, to com- 
 mence construction of the Pacific Rail- 
 way in that Province, yet not a pick has 
 been struck in the ground in the vvay of 
 oonstruction, not a shovel full of earth 
 has been lifted ; not a cai-t full of earth 
 or stone has been carried ; not a culvert 
 has beon built, not a bridge erected, not a 
 tie laid, not a rail stretched, — nothing has 
 heen done whatever; yet we have been told 
 here that a large sum of money has been 
 expended in sui'veys. Now, before I name 
 that sum, I will call the attention of the 
 House back to the time before British Col- 
 umbi»]«ntered the Dominion. W e find such 
 men as Sir George Cartier saying that all 
 the money expended for survey^^ should 
 be charged to the company who was to 
 undertake the construction of the road. 
 When the Allan Charter was granted, all 
 expenses for surveys were to be borne by 
 the parties holding the charter. Hence 
 the charging of surveys to British Colum- 
 bia is wrong in princii)le, and contrary to 
 the utterances of Government in Parlia- 
 ment. I will show this House, 
 nevertheless, ou the basis I have 
 just presented, that British Columbia 
 has paid dollar for dollar, and more, 
 into the Domiiion Treasury for every 
 dollar expended in connection with the 
 Railway surveys in that Province. I will 
 show you also what we paid in excess. 
 I draw attention to the followiiig state- 
 ment, namely : 
 
 Statement Bliowing surplus paid l>y IHritiah 
 Oolumhii over \iov jjro rata contribution into 
 Con^oliiluteil Funil, 'jompareil with Railway 
 Kxjienditure in and for Britibh Columbia up 
 to June 30, 187!). 
 
 Surplus of Britis'i Columbia over 
 pro rain contribution (see for- 
 uuT statnment) §1 ,695,49G 97 
 
 Total Railway Expemiiture in 
 and for British Cohnibia, di- 
 rectly to T-nB30, 18:i» 
 
 Balance in t so of Rail' ay Ex- 
 penditure, held by D.miiuiou 
 ( iovcrnment 
 
 A largo proportion ol this 
 Ruiiv.-ay surveys was mpiandered, fir.st, 
 throu,:vij iucomjjetency, and in the next 
 place this money was not all ex{)ended in 
 
 British (^umbia. In making this atat»> 
 ment I dd^ot expect you to believe that 
 I acknowledge the right of British 
 Columbia to pay anything more than her 
 pro rata share to the Consolidated 
 Fund, I want, however, to show you 
 that after deducting this vast sum 
 for Railway surveys, $1,499,956.17, from 
 the surplus in our Treasury, there is 
 $195,540 to the credit of British Columbia, 
 showing that the railway surveys in Co- 
 lumbia actually cost Canada, as a whole, 
 nothing. Yet, we have the hon. member for 
 West Durham, and all the brilliant lights 
 around him, condemning the construction 
 of the Railway in British Columbia, and 
 attempting to repudiate the solemn 
 obligation entered into between. Canada 
 and British Columbia, and Lord Carnarvon. 
 We had yesterday and to-day, a long 
 and elaborate speech from the hon. 
 member from West Durham, and 
 in it the hon. gentleman made a 
 statement that the total popula- 
 tion of British Columbia was 13,000, 
 I presume it has not been denied by any- 
 body, and I am sure, for the purpose 
 
 1,499,95G 19 
 
 195,510 78 
 money for 
 
 of 
 not. I 
 headed 
 raent : 
 
 his 
 
 which the following is 
 
 statement, I will 
 find in my notes that I have 
 a table, founded on this state- 
 " Blake, the Statistician," of 
 the substance : 
 If only 12,000 people paid $521,443 
 into the Customs, the per capita 
 rate would be f44.43 ; 12,000 paid 
 $32,319 in Excise, the per capita would 
 be ^2.70 ; total sum paid in Excise and 
 Customs, f 553,7C2 ; hence total /)«rca/>i<a 
 of the population at that rate, $47.13. 
 Now, if Ontario with an estimated 
 population of 2,000,000, paid an equal jo#r 
 capita sum in Customs and Exciseintoth* 
 Dominion Treasui-y, m British Columbia 
 on the Blake basis, she would have paid 
 ;>,94,260,000 ! I think if we had all that 
 money in our Treasury, the genial face of 
 the hon. the Minister of Finance would 
 be lit up with unusual pleasure, and he 
 would then have no difficulty in pushing 
 on to completion all the great publie 
 works this country has ever dreamed of. 
 Now, Sir, we will consider the co-t of 
 the Yale-Kamloops section of tlio Pacific 
 Railway. I am not in jiossession of the 
 BtatisticB that were used l)y the hon. th« 
 Minister of Railways ycstord/'.j , and sub- 
 sequently by the hon. the Minister of 
 Public WoiKS, but, knowing the country 
 
u 
 
 through which this section of the Railway 
 will pass,! ( stimate,that whenjBinipleted, 
 it will not cost this coifHry over 
 $8,000,000, I have heard a gentleman, 
 who is somewhat familiar with railways 
 state it would not cost over $7,000,000. 
 But I have added the $1,000,000 named 
 as contingencies to that sum, and fix the 
 total cost of Yale-Kamloops branch at 
 $8,000,000. Sir, I wish to show to this 
 House that if this Railway is constructed 
 it will have been with Biitish Columbia 
 money, and not with Dominion money, 
 except so far as our contributions to the 
 Contolif''ted Fund belong to the Do- 
 minion. I wish to show that this Do- 
 minion, outside of British Columbia, will 
 not bo called u[)on to contribute to the 
 construction of tlie Yale-Kamloops Section 
 of the line, and that all we ask is the 
 credit and management of the Dominion. 
 I believe I can demonstrate this be- 
 yond controversy. I will read my state- 
 ment : 
 
 Statement ahowio^ annual cost to Canada for 
 Interest on Capital invested in completion 
 of Yale-Kaoiloops section of Pacific Railway, 
 Also, Statement showing bow Canada ia re- 
 couped for Interest. 
 
 Total Cost. 
 
 Yale-Kamloops Lake Railwayil27 
 
 miles $8,000,000 
 
 "EXPBNDrrURE AND INTEREST, 1880 TO 1885. 
 
 1880-1 Expenditure, $1,000,000, at 4 
 
 percent., 4 years §160,000 
 
 1881-2 Expenditure, $1,600,000, at 
 
 4 per cent. , 3 years 180,000 
 
 1882-3 Expenditure, §1,500,000, at 
 
 4 per cent. , 2 ytars 120,000 
 
 1883-4 Expenditure, §2,000,000, at 
 
 4 per cent., 1 year 80,000 
 
 1884-5 Expenditure, !J2,000,000, at 
 4 per cent., to allow for 
 interest on inter-yearly 
 payments 80,000' 
 
 Total Interest, June 30, 1885. . $620,000 
 
 Excess or Receipts and Saving to Con- 
 solidated Fund. 
 
 . Annual amount paid by Britibh 
 Columbia in Customs m excess 
 of tbe proportionate contribu- 
 tions to the Consolidated Fund 
 required of her on the batis of 
 the annual average per capita 
 Customs Tax of the Dominion, 
 namely, |346,443 in five years, 
 from 1880 to 1885, {See pre- 
 vhus statements) $1,782,216 
 
 , British Cohimbia Loan Act, 1863, 
 for £50,000 sterling, expires 
 July, 1883, so there will be 10 
 per cent. Sinking Fund and 
 
 Interest saved in 1883-4 and 
 
 18845 
 
 Vancouirer Loan Act, 1862, for 
 £40,000 sterling, expires in 
 April, 1882, so there will be 
 saved 10 per cent, for Interest 
 and Sinking Fund for 1882-3, 
 18S3-4 and 1884 5 
 
 50,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 .?1,842,215 
 Total Intersst 4 years on Expendi- 
 ture of §8,000,060 620,000 
 
 Total Excess paid by British Col- 
 umbia after paying the interest on 
 $8,000,000, 4 years, on Yale- 
 Kamloops Railway $1,222,215 
 
 I think, Sir, that I have now done what I 
 promised, I have shown that when the 
 Yale-Kamloops Branch shall have been 
 completed, the total interest on the capi- 
 tal — 8,000,000 — invested in its construc- 
 tion and completion, namely, $620,000, 
 will be repaid by British Columbia ; and 
 that the total amount of receipts in excess 
 of her pro rata contribution for Customs, 
 to Consolidated Fund, and the Saving 
 on Expiring Loans, will be, between 
 1880 and 1885, $1,842,215, leaving a 
 balance, in excess of the interest, in the 
 Dominion Treasury of $1,222,215. Now, 
 Sii", it will be perceived that British 
 Columbia has no desire to oppress any 
 portion of the Dominion to construct the 
 Pacific Railway from the Pacific to the 
 Rocky Mountains. All she asks is for 
 the Dominion to use her credit in raising 
 the funds, and to exercise a wise and 
 economical management in the construc- 
 tion of the Yale-Kamloops Railway. 
 The total annual interest on its cost of 
 constructior, after completion, nil b« 
 $320,000, and, if the road wore not to 
 earn a sufiUcient surplus to meet the in- 
 terest, the $1,222,215 referred to will pay 
 the whole for five years longer, when the 
 increased contributions to the Dominion 
 Treasury will continue to pay it and the 
 interest on the extension easterly 
 and westwaiilly. I regret that the 
 hon. member for West Durham is not 
 here, for I wish to refer to his remarks 
 about the vast sums of money 
 Ontario and Quebec contributed to this 
 enterprise. But, Sir, no statistician, no 
 actuarj', could, by any possible means, 
 discover the sum these two Province* 
 respectively paid into the Dominion 
 Treasury, except as given in the Returns. 
 The hon. gentleman gave us figures show- 
 ing that the total charge against British 
 
 Columbia, fi 
 Receipts, w 
 years, Bu 
 according 
 subject, whi( 
 that we are 
 any sum, no 
 ments my h( 
 will assur 
 that Britis 
 I in excess 
 Dominion 
 of the Don 
 statesman 
 upon that 
 I years old, 
 sum of $8 
 
 years, 
 
 will 
 
 I year at 4 
 population 
 suffer an ic 
 Capital A 
 that will 
 
 1 generation ; 
 Columbia 
 
 I thousand f < 
 were presi 
 tions, for tl 
 him '>f the i 
 uhu:ge. If 
 public posit 
 
 I pires to coi 
 
 country, ins 
 
 croaker, I 
 
 dignified o( 
 
 not lie to ci 
 
 that i».,y w 
 
 you are ni 
 
 would hav( 
 
 leader of th 
 
 take a new 
 
 miserable ti 
 
 tion. Thei 
 
 of the Opf 
 
 bidding for 
 
 Minister c 
 
 I minded loa 
 
 I though I ni 
 
 joccasionallj 
 
 Ijust merit 
 
 Iwork and I 
 
 [promote th 
 
 I force italic 
 
 Iheard so m 
 
 lliow progre 
 
 liilow we ar 
 
 Igentleman 
 
 |«f the Un 
 
50,000 
 
 00,000 
 
 15 
 
 Columbia, from all sources in excess of 
 Receipts, was some $844,000 in eiglit 
 years. But I have shown that, 
 according to my way of treating that 
 subject, which, I think, is the correct one, 
 that we are not indebted in that sum, nor 
 any sum, no matter how many similar state- 
 ments my hon. friend may make. But I 
 will assume, for argument sake, 
 that British Columbia has received, 
 in excess of what she paid iiito the 
 Dominion Treasury, on tiie jrro rata 
 of the Dominion, $840,000. Now, any 
 statesman woithy of the name, looking 
 upon that vast Province, only twenty 
 years old, would have said : This total 
 sum of 1840,000 at the end of eight 
 years, will amount to 033,600, a 
 year at 4 per cent., and the present 
 population of this Dominion will not 
 suffer an iota ; for it will be passed to 
 Cai)ital Account, and met by loans 
 that will not be redeemed in this 
 generation ; and that, in a few year.s, 
 Columbia v/ill recoup the Dominion a 
 thousand fold. I wish my hon. friend 
 were present to hear tliese calcula- 
 tions, for they would, possibly, convince 
 him "f the eri'or of his way in making this 
 chu.ge. If I were holding the important 
 public position of my hon. friend, who as- 
 pires to control the Government of this 
 oountry, instead of playing the role of a 
 croaker, I would select a more 
 dignified occupation. My policy would 
 not be to croak against the Grovernmeiit 
 that i».,y went too fast, but I would say, 
 
 you are not 
 
 fast enough. That 
 
 would have Veen a worthy policy for a 
 leader of the Opposition, if he wished to 
 take a new departure and cast away the- 
 miserable traditions relating to this ques- 
 tion. TJien we would have had the leader 
 )f the Opposition vieing with, and out- 
 bidding for popular favour, tlip energetic 
 Minister of Railways and the large 
 inindetl leader of this Government— -al- 
 tliough I may differ with both of them 
 occasionally, I am glad to concede their 
 just merit — to show who could " best 
 work and best degree," and who could best 
 jtromote the interests of the country, and 
 force it aliead. Then we would not have 
 heard so muclia bout the United States ; 
 how progressive tlieir people are, and how 
 slow we are. Tiie argument of the hon. 
 gentleman is simply this : that the people 
 |«f the United States are a progressive 
 
 people : that we rush there, but they do 
 not lush here. And so we have this 
 everlasting lowering cloud cast iipon the 
 country. I \vill not say that the hon. mem- 
 ber for West Durham , and the hon. gentle- 
 men who surround him, are unpatriotic. I 
 never use the word disloyal without attacli 
 ing some meaning to it. I have generally 
 found, with respect to those people who 
 are always prating about their loyalty, 
 tliat, if you scratch a little l^eneath the 
 skin, you will find very little loyalty. 
 Our material interests modify our sen- 
 timental opinions, and when the two come 
 into conflict, it is the opinions which give 
 away. I do not like mere lip-loyalty, 
 either from the Government side or the 
 Opposition side. I like that loyalty which 
 upholds order, maintaii ing the laws of our 
 country inviolate, and if over we have to 
 change our relationship with the Mother 
 Country, we will do it in a constitutional 
 way and not hyj)ocritica]ly. We have 
 lieard a great deal about the great 
 milch-cow of Ontario. I have not 
 yet conipleted my enquiries into the 
 siim of money exjjended in Ontario, 
 during 1878-79. But as far as I have 
 gone, I believe that in 1878-7!), Ontario 
 received more from the Dominion Trea- 
 sury than she paid in. The Customs, Ex- 
 cise and Stamps — the only taxes imposed 
 — collected in Ontario in 1878-79 was in 
 round numbers, ?8, 460,000 ; and the ex- 
 penditure for Salaries, Public Works, In- 
 terest, etc., $8,560,000. Thus showing 
 tliat. the great milch-cow of Ontario has 
 received dollar for dollar, and more tha)i 
 she contributed in taxes in that year. Ot 
 what then has she to complain f For 
 what I'eason shall her })ublic men attempt 
 to dominate tliis Dominion, and insult- 
 ingly tell smaller Provinces in the lan- 
 guage of the late Goverment to Lord 
 Carnarvon : " It is especially the duty of 
 the smaller Provinces to defer somewhat 
 to the opinions of the older and more 
 populous Provinces frjm which the 
 Rin'onue for building all such public 
 works is derived?" The sooner the sy.ste- 
 matic delusion of Ontario, that she is the 
 great milch-cow, is blown to the winds, 
 the better. The two millions and a-half 
 of Canadians outside her boixler will ' not 
 submit to be treated as though they were 
 objects of charity, and that by a Province 
 that never had a surplus dollar in her 
 Treasury, till after she had united with 
 
i(i 
 
 them. I now propose, Sir, to speak about 
 the Carnarvon Award. We have a 
 Repudiation Resolution placed be- 
 fore this House, by the hon. mem- 
 ber for West Durham. He proposes 
 to repudiate a solemn obligation. He 
 proposes to rei)ndiarte the Railway 
 clause of the Terms of Union, and also 
 the Carnarvon Award, made in 1874, 
 and accepted with thanks by the Govern- 
 ment led by the hon. member for Lamb- 
 ton. The hon. member for West Durham 
 appears on the Parliamentary stage this 
 Session in two very distinct parts : one, 
 as Award-preserver ; the other as Award- 
 breaker. Hon. gentlemen, Sir, will 
 recollect that the hon. member for Algoma 
 moved for a Committee to enquire into 
 all matters connected with the disputed 
 boundary of Ontario. On that occasion 
 the hon. member for West Durham, sup- 
 j)orted by the hon. members for Bothwell, 
 Elgin, and.Lambton, opposed the motion, 
 denouncing it as an attempt to violate a 
 solemn Convention, as the entering wedge 
 to break the Ontario Boundaiy Award, 
 and concluded his speech by im])ressing 
 the House with the necessity ot main- 
 taining the Bouudai'y Award intact, as it 
 was " infinitely more important in its 
 moral than in its material aspect," tliat 
 faith should be kej)t with Ontario in that 
 matter. So full of saintly fervour did 
 thehon. gentleman ajtpear, so exerciseil 
 seemed his righteous soul over the possi- 
 bility of distni'bing the Ontario Boundary 
 Award by granting a Committee of En- 
 quiry, that he reminded me of Milton's 
 invocation of the Muse : 
 
 " Wlmt iti mo is dark 
 lUumino ; what is low, raise and support, 
 That to the height of this great argument 
 I may assort eternal Providence, 
 Aud justify the ways of God to men." 
 
 The House, however, decreed that the 
 motion should be carried; sc all the men- 
 tal agony of the hon. member for West 
 Durham, excited by a majority of this 
 House who were so lost to the same high 
 sense of pure international morality as 
 that which swelled his patriotic bosom, 
 SHenied wasted till the echoes of hus 
 j)atlietic api>eal were caught up by the 
 Glob'' aud spread far and wide throughout 
 the land. The lion, gentleman, liowever, 
 has now ai)[)eared in the jwirt of Award- 
 liroakt'r. He Hct-ms to have foi'g(jtten 
 the pure doctriuos of international mor- 
 
 ality that he, with the assistance of hit 
 hon. friends from Bothwell and Lambton, 
 had applied to the Ontario Boundary 
 Awai'd. When he applied those doctrines, 
 no doubt the motion of the hon. member 
 for Algoma mad* him feel sick : the pos- 
 sibility of losing 120,000 square miles of 
 territory awarded to Ontario, that Judgo 
 Armour and Judge Ramsay, counsel em- 
 ployed by the late Dominion Government, 
 testified recently that Ontario was not 
 entitled to, was indeed a heavy prospective 
 blow to Ontarian supremacy. That may 
 pai'tially account for the high moral stand 
 taken by the hon. member for West 
 Durham on the Ontario Boundary Award 
 — an Award that, by his own admission, 
 required a Statute to make it valid and 
 binding. Now, however, when tha Gov- 
 ernment proposes to keep faith with 
 British Columbia, to abide by the Car- 
 narvon Award, to vote $1,000,000 for 
 Railway construction, the hon. member 
 for West Durham comes forward to break, 
 to repudiate the Carnarvon Award that 
 the late Government accepted as a settle- 
 ment, and told Lord Carnarvon that it 
 was not contrary to any Resolution of 
 Parliament or Statutory enactment, and 
 consequently held to be valid. He quotes 
 no high and pure principles of interna- 
 tional morals and applies them to the 
 Carnarvon Award to account for his 
 change in opinion in a few weeks with 
 respect to International Awards, or to 
 justify his course ; but Ikt manifests, by 
 the production of his Resolution to jiost- 
 poiie Rtiilway construction, such a re- 
 markable change in his code of inter-state 
 morals as can only be explained by him- 
 self, and then the public may decide 
 whether his international morality is or is 
 not " false and hollow." Tlio parts taken 
 by the hon. gentleman, rc.sj)ecting the On- 
 tario Boundary Award anil the Carnarvon 
 Awai-d remind mo somewliat of another 
 grent Reformer referred to in the couplet 
 of Rabelais : 
 
 " The Devil was sick, the Devil a saint 
 
 would be ; 
 " The ]1evil was well, the Devil a saint 
 
 was he." 
 
 Boloro I conclude this branch of my sub- 
 ject, Sir, I desire to draw still further tin- 
 attention of this House to the opinions 
 entertained by hon. gentlemen on thi« 
 side of the House, and outside of it, 
 when the Terms of Union, in ld7l, wer« 
 
 These 
 guishe 
 holding 
 the na< 
 for tw( 
 liamen 
 thatT 
 for W 
 hon. 
 J. Sm 
 for W 
 this hi 
 
 "W 
 
 ajiking 
 this II 
 becom 
 be plij 
 
17 
 
 1. 
 
 e of hii 
 ambton, 
 oundary 
 octrines, 
 member 
 the pos- 
 miles of 
 at Judge 
 unsel em- 
 ernment, 
 was not 
 Irospective 
 That may 
 ral stand 
 or West 
 ry Award 
 dmission, 
 valid and 
 th« Gov- 
 'aith with 
 the Car- 
 0,000 for 
 member 
 d to break, 
 ward that 
 as a settle- 
 on that it 
 olution of 
 imont, and 
 He quotes 
 •f interna- 
 hem to the 
 it for his 
 'eeks with 
 irds, or to 
 mifests, by 
 on to post- 
 such a re- 
 in ter-state 
 i by him- 
 nay decide 
 lityis or is 
 »,irta taken 
 .ng the On- 
 Carnarvon 
 of another 
 ;he couplet 
 
 vil a saint 
 vil a saint 
 
 )f my sub- 
 t'urtlier the 
 ) opinions 
 n ou this 
 ido of it, 
 1871, were 
 
 under discussion in Parliament and be- 
 fore tho country ; and, also, to the 
 speeches made by the hon. membei-a for 
 Both we'", West Durham and Lambton, 
 this Session, respecting the Ontario Boun- 
 dary Award, and to a comparison ot their 
 utterances on that occasioa with the 
 couree they are now pursuing in 
 endeavouring to repudiate tho Carnarvon 
 Award as well as the Railway clause ot 
 the Terms of Union. I will Krst direct 
 attention to the Railway clause of the 
 Terms of Union. It is as follows : 
 
 "The Government of the Dominion under- 
 take to secure the commencement siniuN 
 taneously, within two years from the date of 
 Union, of 'the construction of a railway from 
 the Pacific towards tlie Rocky Mountains, and 
 from suck point as may be selected east of 
 the Rocky Mountains towards the Pacific to 
 coune t the seaboard of British Columbia with 
 the ({ailway s stem of Canada, and further to 
 aocure the completion of such Railway within 
 ten years from the date of Union." 
 
 The first interpretation of that document, 
 I find, is given by Lord Lisgar, on 
 February 1st, 1871, when he said : 
 
 " The Terms of Union are in nature of a 
 Treaty." 
 
 I will give you the opinion of another 
 Governor, Hon. Mr. Letellier, who in a 
 apeecli in the Senate, on the British 
 Columbia question, .said : 
 
 " The Resolutions respecting the Union of all 
 British America were first brought up in the 
 Legislatire Council of Canada by the late Sir 
 Etienno Taohe, and I cannot understand why 
 there should bo any difficulty now in discussing 
 a question of the same nature though of far less 
 magnitude. Those Resolutions were a sort ot 
 treaty between tho Provinces ; the Resolutions 
 in {question will also be a 7«(M'-treaty between 
 Canada and British Columbia." 
 
 These are the opinions of two distin- 
 guished public men ; and both unite in 
 liolding that the Terms of Union were in 
 the nature of a Treaty. But it remained 
 for twQ other distinguished lights of Par- 
 liament to explain the binding force of 
 that Treaty : t ley were the hon. member 
 for West Durliam (Mr. Blake) and tli« 
 hon. member for Westmoreland (Sir A. 
 J. Smith). I find that the hon. member 
 for West Durham on that occasion used 
 this language : 
 
 " Wer« not hon. members justilied then in 
 asking f-T further information before taking 
 this ir'evDoablo step. If this measure should 
 becomo lavr, tho fjith of the Dominion would 
 be plif hted, and without the consant of British 
 
 2 
 
 Columbia could never break one jot or tittle 
 (of) these cast-iron obligations." 
 
 Now, notwithstanding the fact, that the 
 hon. member for West Durham made this 
 statement ou the floor of thia House, in 
 1871, that hon. gentleman produced a 
 Resolution here . to-day, asking for the 
 postponement of the construction of the 
 Yale-Kamloops Section of |the Railway 
 in the Province of Biitish Columbia. Ho 
 stated, in 1871, that the Terma of Union 
 could not be broken " without the consent 
 of British Columbia; " and yet without 
 her consent he attempts to break them, t» 
 repudiate the Railway clause by refusing 
 to sanction the vote asked by the Govern- 
 ment. Tho next great authority on thi.s 
 matter is the hon. member for West- 
 moreland. That hon. gentleman is re- 
 poi'ted to have said, in 1871 : 
 
 " The faith of the country was pledged by the 
 Resolution to complete the Railway within ten 
 years no matter if the result should be ruin. 
 Net verbal reservations could have effect ; th« 
 written record alone could hold, and the 
 words of the Resolution were clear, and if in 
 two years the Railway Jwas not commenced 
 British Columbia could appeal to the Imperial 
 Government." 
 
 Tho understanding of the hon. member 
 for Westmoreland was then that this 
 Treaty was a binding obligation on thia 
 Dominion ; yet strange as it must now 
 appear, the hon. member for Westmore- 
 land was the gentleman who seconded to- 
 day the Resolution of the hon. member 
 for West Durham repudiating it. W« 
 have in these extracts the opinions given, 
 nine years ago, by the hon. membera for 
 West Durham and Westmoreland as to 
 the binding force of the Treaty of Union ; 
 and we have the unexampled spectacle, 
 to-day — after seven years continous viola- 
 tion of the Terms of Union, including fir* 
 years' administration of the Government 
 they supported, and of which they had 
 beenmembers — of theself-same hon. gentle- 
 men shamelessly moving and seconding a 
 resolution to continue to violate that 
 solemn and binding obligation. I wish 
 now to draw the attention of the Hoi'.s» 
 to tho utterances of the hon. memV)er 
 for Both well, on the question of th« 
 Ontario Boundary Award raised by my 
 hon. friend from Algoma, this Session, 
 and apply the principles he has expressed 
 to the course the lion, gentleman and 
 other members of the Opposition are now 
 pursuing in respect to the Carnaryon 
 
18 
 
 Award. He saiJ, on page 64 of the Han- 
 sard, this year : 
 
 "I am opposed to the Committea for which 
 the hon. gentleman a'ks in his motion. I 
 think, Sir, that the Parliament of Canada, or 
 at all events, the Government of Canada, are 
 in honour and in goad faith bound by tlie 
 Award of t'le Arbitr itora appointed to decide 
 this question of boundary. 
 
 Now, Sir, I maintain that, if tho hmguage 
 used here is correct, as regards the 
 Ontai-io Boundary Award, it is still more 
 correct in regard to au obligation, in regard 
 to the Terms of Union for wliich we have 
 the sHnctiou of an Imjierial Statute, and 
 the sanction ol tho rarliauient of this 
 country ; and that if " the Governnient 
 of Canada are in honour and good faith " 
 bound by (lie Boundary Award, it is 
 undoubtedly more closely bound by the 
 Carnarvon Award which it had accepted. 
 He further says, on page G6 of llaiuMid : 
 
 "For this House to grant a Committee of 
 Enquiry, for the purposo of attacking tlio 
 Award of tlie Arbitrators in this mitter, instead 
 of confirnrng it, would l;o acting just as our 
 8*ntht'rii nei^hboura would have done, had they 
 refused to abide by the Halifiix Award. It 
 would be just as flagrant a breach of good faith 
 as if Great Britain h^d rofnued to pay the 
 money awarded by the '(Jeiieva Arbitration. 
 The Government of Canada is continuous. Its 
 obligations are not ended by a eh mge of Min- 
 istry, au'i Ministers are solemnly bound by any 
 action of a previous Gover;m;ent. 
 
 " Would it be proper fi)r Mr. Hsyes, at Wash- 
 ington, to ignore the Halifax Commission as an 
 ob1igati(m undertaken by his pre.lece88)r, Mr. 
 Grant? Would that be a ri>{bt and proper 
 mode of proceeding ? And yet that might as 
 well be done as to repudiate the Award of 
 the«e Arbitrators. 
 
 " The gentlemen composing the Board of 
 Arbitrators liad a fall opportunity of considering 
 the case, and they gave it their fullest con- 
 sideration." 
 
 Allow me to tell 1i6n. gentlemen opposite, 
 that we have, in these utterances of the 
 hon. member for Bothwell, a statement 
 of principles to the effect, when applied, 
 that we would be guilty of a breach of 
 International Law by not carrying out the 
 Treaty of 1871 with Briti li Columbia, 
 and the Carnarvon Award made and 
 accepted by the Govamment of which he 
 was a member. Notwithstanding this, 
 w« have had an ex-Miuister of Ju.stice 
 placing before this House a iScpudiation 
 Resolution. The hon. member for Both- 
 well corn[)liiined that tho appointment of 
 the Boundary Committea was to broHk 
 ^;he AwanI, when no such object was 
 
 ever expressed, so far as I know But 
 the vote before tlie Ifouse, that is 
 intended to fulfil the conditions of the 
 Carnarvon Award, in some small measure, 
 he and his hon. friends opposite unitedly 
 propose to reject. They want the 
 Ontario Boundary Award to be recog- 
 nised, wliilst they repudiate the Carnai*- 
 non Award. The hon. gentleman says it 
 would have been " a flagrant breach of 
 faith " if Ureut Britain had not paid the 
 Geneva Award. Then why is it not 
 " a flagrant breach of faith" not to pay 
 the Carnarvon Award 1 Tho principle is 
 tlie same. He says : " Tl^e Ministers 
 are soleumly bound by any action of a 
 l)reviou8 Govei'nment." Then why did 
 the Government of which he was a 
 member not carry out the Hail way clause 
 of the Terms of Union, if tlie obligations 
 of a Goxernment are not ended by 
 a change of Ministry 1 If the obligations 
 of a previous Government are not ended 
 by a change of Ministry, why is the hon. 
 member for West Durham, and the 
 entire Opposition, trying to prevent the 
 present Government from carrying out 
 the Carnarvon Award that was made and 
 accepted by the Government of their 
 predecessors, of which the lion, member 
 from Bothwell was a leading member f 
 He says, that the Ontario Boundary 
 Arbiti-atore gave the question their 
 fullest consideration. So did the late 
 Governii ent the Carnarvon Awai*d. 
 Yet the hon. gentleman and his friends 
 propose to reject that Award, if possible. 
 Mr. Mills adds : 
 
 "To Fauction the appointment of this Com- 
 mittee to seek to set aside the Award of these 
 gentlemen, would be as greit a wrong, as 
 gross a breach of faith, as if one Administra- 
 tion of this country were to repudi ite tha 
 public debt incurred by another Administra- 
 tion, or do anything which, in the publio 
 estimation, it is derogatory for a Government 
 to do. 
 
 "I think this House ous;ht not to grant 
 this Committee ; such a Committee cannot, 
 without dishonour and bad faith, be ap- 
 pointed." 
 
 Now, what has been the wliole course of 
 the hon. member for West Durham ? It 
 i haa been, ever since 1873, an attempt to 
 relax and repudiate the original Terms of 
 U nion. It is now to defeat, if possible, 
 the attempt of this Government to fulfil 
 the conditions of the Carnarvon Award. If 
 it would be " a great ^rong," " a gross 
 breach of faith," to repudiate the act of a 
 
19 
 
 former Government, what is the motion of 
 the hon. member for West Durham to 
 stop Kailway ''conatrucliou in British 
 Columbia, but an attempt to commit 
 " a great wrong" and " a gross breach of 
 faith." If the aiipointmoni of a Com- 
 mittee to enquire into a matber of which 
 nearJy the entire House ia ignorant, 
 cannot be made " without dishonour and 
 bad faith," how can Ijon. gentlemen 
 opposite free tiiemselves fiom the charge 
 of " dijhonour and bad faith," wlien they 
 attempt to re])udiate the conditions 
 of the Carnarvon Award, of which 
 no lion, meuibor is ignorant ! Mr. 
 Mills goes beyond this, and sa_, j : 
 
 " If the Government think that the Arbi- 
 trators were briljod, or that fchi-y were wholly 
 innoniDeteiit men, t:ieii they ouglit to aisunie 
 the res lousibility ('f opening up the question, 
 only with the coiisoiit of the other p^irty, — 
 and by obt.iinin;^ information through the 
 proper channels, instead of npimintini; a 
 (Jouuu:tte>>, — .1 conr e whit-li eau leail to 
 nothing but delay in th<j conlii'niatiou of the 
 AwarJ." 
 
 I am willing to concoile the right of ask- 
 ing for a relaxation of the Terms of 
 Union. Tht! mission of Mr. K.lgn.r for 
 that purpose, hort-ever,^s is well known, 
 faileil. Wlmt attempt has ln'oii made to 
 get the cou.sfmn t^f British Columbia to 
 the Ilt'solution of the hon. •member for 
 West Durham] /None. But hon. gentle- 
 men oppo-iite do not |)ropose to ask any 
 relaxation. They will not even recog- 
 nise tlie relaxation of the Carnarvon 
 Award, that extended the time from 1881 
 to 1890 to complete the Railway from the 
 Pacific Ocean to Lake Superior only. 
 They propose to repudiate all i-ailway 
 obligations to British Columltia. That 
 Province surrendered certain rights and 
 revenues to the custody of the Douiinion, 
 and has fultilled all her obligations, and 
 expects the Dominion to perform her 
 obligations. But hon. gentlemen 
 opposite want to hold the surren- 
 dered rights and revenues, ami re- 
 pudiate the obligations they incurred, 
 it is ipiite natural then for us to 
 state that we have not, as a Province, 
 violated our obligations ; and it is also 
 quite natural that we should exact 
 from the Uovernmcnt a fulfilment of 
 theirs ; and if they are unpivpared to 
 fulfil their oldigations, let them aid the 
 Province in separating from the Union, 
 the whole of British Jforth America is 
 
 1 not yet consoHdni •]. There is an out- 
 , lying Provimc, Ntnvfoundhind, that 
 ia not witlun tu') Confederation : and 
 how can wo expect the Province 
 of Newfoundland to entijr a Doudnion 
 that has violated its solemn pledges 
 over and over again. The bad faitJi 
 of hon. gentkiiu'n oi)posito tends 
 to destroy all hope of ilio com- 
 plete consolidation of British America. 
 I will next take the utterances respect- 
 ing the Boundary Award of the hon. gen- 
 I tle.nan who proposed the repudiation 
 I Resolution to-day. On page 7'2 of Jlmi- 
 I sard, this year, t'lat hou. gentleman 
 
 stated 
 
 "Averyg.eat r-sponsibility is assumed by 
 I that coiuitry, wha; ver its rank iu the scale of 
 raii'ins, wl.ich (icjiarca it will not be bound by 
 ' the ri suits of a s.lcmn convention. 
 I "1 esteem this iu the same light as a convon- 
 I tion b"t leeu t,\\o iliilonnt countries; for, .13 
 ; hetwi) 11 • 'aiiad 1 and Ontario, they are separate 
 : aud distinct in tais matter." 
 I 
 
 ' Now, Sij', it' a very grave responsibility 
 is a^isumed by a country that declares 
 that it will not be bound by a solemn Con- 
 vnntion, is there not a veiy grave re- 
 sponsibility assumed by the hon. member 
 tor Weiit Durham, wluui he declai-es by 
 his Resolution that Kailway construction 
 
 I in British Columbia ought to be post- 
 poned ? And if he could carry his Reso- 
 lution, would he not force Canada to ais- 
 sume a very grave responsibility by de- 
 claring that she woixld not carry out the 
 Carnarvon Award? He says that the re- 
 lationship of Canada to Ontario is that of 
 two diflerent countries, so far as respects 
 the Boundary Award. If that bo true, 
 
 i Canada and Columbia are two different 
 countries so far as the Terms of Union 
 and the Carnarvon Award are conce rned. 
 And yet the hon. gentleman shows no 
 hesitation in attempting to break that 
 solemn Convention. If his position he 
 correct resjHJcting t!ie Boundary Award, 
 tlie stand that he has taken to-day in 
 moving a Repudiation Resolution is totally 
 indefensible, as it is calculated to cover 
 this country with the infamy of at- 
 tempting to break faith with one of 
 the Provinces of this Conlederation. 
 Referring to the power of an Act of Pai'- 
 liament, to decide qxiestions of boundary, 
 Mr. Blake continued : 
 
 " But while that''power exists, the question 
 of international morality subsists also, aod 
 
 iviji 
 
20 
 
 what we hare to consider is whether a caae in 
 h«ro made out clearly Buftioicnt to justify tlm 
 procedure suggested to-day, based as that pro- 
 cedure is on a disregard of the Award as a cogent 
 nstrumtnt. 
 
 "Mow the first proposition I shall advance is 
 that, as the hon. mumber for Bothwell (Mr. 
 Mills) well observed, there is a continuity in 
 government. 
 
 " I say this question rests, with respect to 
 the (•overDmeiit of the day, just in the same 
 positi' n OS if the Government of the day had 
 been responsible for the original commission. 
 No hon. centleman opposite can say that the 
 present Goveriiment, or any of its supporters, 
 are any the less bound than was the Govern- 
 ment of my hon. friend from Lambton in refer- 
 ence to the issue of this commist>ion and its 
 consequences." 
 
 Those are the xuteranccs of tho hon. 
 gentleman who declared to-day, that he 
 would not be bound by those solemn 
 obligations to BritiHh Columbia. It 
 ■will be observed that tlie hon. member 
 for West Durham, in opposinc; the motion 
 of the hon. gentleman for Algoma for a 
 Committee to enquire into all matters re- 
 ■pecting the Boundary of Ontario, .said 
 that there was "a question of interna- 
 tional morality " to be considered. But, 
 8ir, he has not questioned "international 
 morality " in connection with his pro.sent 
 motion. He assumes that the mer\! granting 
 a Committee to enquire into matters con 
 nected with the Ontario Boundary raises 
 "a question of international morality"; 
 but he boldly undertakes to break faith 
 with British Columbia, without ever 
 touching on the moral aspect of the ques- 
 tion. I take it, Sir, to be the duty vi 
 •very hon. gentleman in this House to do 
 all in his power to cause the Provinces to 
 love each other, assist each other, and 
 work together for the common good of 
 our common countrj'. But tho course of 
 the hon. gentleman is the very reverse. 
 It is to induce the Provincps to hate eacli 
 other. He says that the present Govern- 
 ment is no less bound than the Govern- 
 ment of the lion. member for Jjambton for 
 the issue of the Boundary Commission and 
 its consequences. On the same principle 
 the present Government is bound by tho 
 Carnarvon Award and its consequences ; 
 and yet tlie hon. gentleman repudiates the 
 latter, and upholds the former. It is 
 lamentable to see a public man occupying 
 the position of the bon. gentleman re- 
 duced to so pitiable a condition. He also 
 stated : 
 
 "My second proposition is that if it be 
 
 proposed not to ratify the Award, but to open 
 tlie question again, and throw that instrument 
 aside, such a ])roposal as that should be made 
 upon the responsibility of tho Government of 
 the day, and with all the gravity which such 
 a course of action demands." 
 
 Now, Sir, if lliis doctrine be true, the 
 hon. gentleman, instead of moving a Re- 
 pudiation Resolution, ought to have 
 urged the Government to re-open the 
 question of the construction of the Pacific 
 Railway with Biitish Columbia, and 
 ought to have moved, "with all the 
 gravity such a course of action demands." 
 But the course ado()ted by the hon. gen- 
 tleman is not statesmanlike ; it is simply 
 that of a man who has no regard for the 
 undoubted rights of others. Why did 
 not the hon. gentleman, when he was in 
 the Government, endeavour to secure 
 such modifications of the Carnarvon 
 Award as would have satisfied both 
 I)arties to the Award '{ All he did was 
 to ofi'er ,$750,000 as compensation for all 
 future delays that n)ight take place re- 
 specting the construction of the Railway 
 in British Columbia. Tiiat was very 
 properly rejected ; and there tl>e hon. 
 gentleman left the subject, till lie came 
 torward to repudiate entirely the work of 
 construction. It anv one, after this, can see 
 anything statesmanlike, any ca])acity, in 
 the hon. gentleman to keep the Provinces 
 of this Confederacy together, they 
 have better discernment than I possess. 
 The hon. gentleman stated further : 
 
 " What a novel and entirely indefensible 
 prnposal it is, that a private member should take 
 charge of this great ujaterial and moral qnestion 
 — moral as to whether a national award should 
 be sut abide, and material as to the cxtousivtt 
 territory involved. 
 
 " It is the bounden duty of the Government 
 itself, if disposed, to take steps, which in its 
 opinion, the interest of the country requires — 
 stej'8 tending to the dihturbance and upsetting 
 of this Award, — so to state, frankly,- itself, 
 to propose thoso steps on its ow?i responsibility, 
 and justify its course." 
 
 The hon. member for West Durham 
 here holds that it is a novel and entirely 
 indefensible jiroposal that a private 
 member should take charge of the great 
 material and 'uoral que.stion of the Boun- 
 dary Award ; and yet. Sir, he, as a private 
 member, comes forward to nullify the 
 Carnarvon Award. To call such a course 
 inconsistency would be to apply a mild 
 term, for what. in plain Saxon must bo 
 designated as -a deliberate attempt to 
 
[it to open 
 
 strument 
 
 be made 
 
 -nment of 
 
 hioh luch 
 
 true, tlif 
 a lie- 
 to havo 
 pen the 
 le Pacific 
 bia, and 
 all tb« 
 emandR." 
 ion. gen- 
 is simply 
 for tlie 
 Wliy did 
 he was in 
 .0 secure 
 arnarvon 
 tied Lotit 
 did was 
 on for all 
 place re- 
 I Ifailway 
 WHS very 
 the hon. 
 ho Ciune 
 be woi'k of 
 his, can see 
 ai)acity, in 
 Provinces 
 her, they 
 I possess, 
 her : 
 
 inclefcusible 
 should '.ake 
 )ra] (jnestion 
 ward ahuuld 
 be cxtousivtt 
 
 fJovernment 
 ehich in ita 
 y requires — 
 d upsetting 
 iikly,- itself, 
 sponaibility, 
 
 t Durham 
 id entirely 
 a private 
 the great 
 the Boun- 
 s a privat* 
 lullify the 
 ch a courae 
 ply a mild 
 1 must ho 
 ttempt to 
 
 21 
 
 commit a breach of public faith, 
 [Mr. DeCosmos here by airangc- 
 ment n-oved the adjournment of the 
 debate.] On its resunij>tion on Monday, 
 Mr. DoCosnios gave a brief summary of the 
 previous part of his siKsech, and concluded 
 by saying : J. do not believe it is desirable 
 to do so at any length, as I shall take 
 occasion, I hope, in another way to bring 
 all the facts and conclusions that I tlien 
 presented to this House, before the mem- 
 bers of this Parliament and the country. 
 We come, ngain, sir, to the lion, member 
 for West Durham (Mr. Blake), he who 
 sets himself up more than anybody in 
 this House, or in this Dominion, as 
 the pink of morality, as the pink of all 
 that is great, as an example to the people 
 of this country. That hon. gentleman 
 said on the occasion of the Ontario Boun- 
 dary debate : — 
 
 " But my main proposition is, that the respon- 
 sibility pruiierly devolves on the Uovernuieut 
 of dealing with the question which, as a resi- 
 dent of and member from the Province of On- 
 tario, I do not . hesitate to declare I regard as 
 infinitely more imixtrtant in its moral tlian in 
 its material atpect." 
 
 Sir, the man who could regard the Ontario 
 Boundary Award as infinitely more impor- 
 tant in its moral than in its material 
 asi)ects, comes to this House and repudi- 
 ates not only the Carnarvon Award but the 
 H atute. The hon. the leader of the Oppo- 
 sition stated, through Lord DufTerin, that 
 the Award was accepted — that it was not 
 contrary to any Resolution of Parliament 
 or any Statute, and that the Terms of the 
 Awartl would be fulfilled ; but wo find 
 his hon. olleague prepared to vote for 
 the violatii n of that solemn compact. On 
 the tame ( 'casion to which I have 
 referred, the lion, member for Lambtcn 
 8a:d : 
 
 " I have no ol"«iction whatever to the hon. 
 gentleman u^ing ii.s power in this House to set 
 aside the legislation of the last Government if 
 he thinks it wrong ; "^ut I fear if he were living 
 in another country, )ie would find some diffi- 
 culty in setting aside solemn treaties that have 
 been entered upon : such as the Treaty for the 
 settlement of the8an -luan question. 
 
 " If the decision on that occasion of the Em- 
 peror ^^ illiam were to be set aside, it would be 
 M justiRable frem an intern./tioiial point of view 
 as the setting aside of th« Award in the prevent 
 
 CMC. 
 
 " The hon. gentleman would have no more 
 right to set aside the Award than he would 
 have to set aside the Treaty of Washington. " 
 
 These are the hon. gentleman's views who 
 proposes to vote now with the hon. member 
 for West Durham. He said in 1874 that 
 the Carnarvon Award should not bo 
 broken, but he now wislie.s to repudiate 
 the obligations made by himself with 
 British Columbia. As it is not my in- 
 tention to occupy the House long, I will 
 quote from an authority which the other 
 side of the Houki regard with reverence. 
 On February 20th the GloOe said this : 
 
 " It is bad enough for a Premier, who has not 
 the moral courage to oppose something he does 
 not want carriea out, to shirk his responsibihty 
 and take shelter behind a Parliamentary Com- 
 mittee, but it is infinitely worse for hiiu to be the 
 means of making one of the parties to a solemn 
 arbitration break taith with the other after an 
 Award has been made. It is vain to say that 
 the Dominion Government is rot bound by the 
 decision of the Arbitrators. If one Administra- 
 tion is not under obligation to carry out the 
 engagements of ita preJeccssor, what is the 
 good faith of the country worth ? As Mr. 
 Blako put it in liis Epeech, the moral consider- 
 ations are in this instance far m-ire important 
 than the material intereata at stake, though 
 these are so considerable that we venture to 
 predict a long and obstinate struggle before 
 Ontario surrenders ber present vantage ground." 
 
 Here we have the Globe and the three 
 great lights of the Opposition, the hon. 
 membera for West Durham, Both well and 
 Lambton, denouncing anything like break- 
 ing up of the Boimdary Award and yet 
 each of them is now prepared to vote 
 against the Government of Canada attempt- 
 ing to keep faith with the Province of 
 Briti.sh Columbia, in the fulfilment of the 
 Carnarvon Award. I have another ex- 
 tract to read, which I hope hon. gentlemen 
 opposite will li.steu to. This is also from 
 the Globe, of February 23rd : 
 
 " What is thought of a private niiin who re- 
 fuses to accept the award of impartial arbitra- 
 tors on his case ? What was thought by the 
 whole world of the United States journals that 
 invited their Government to disregard the de- 
 cision of the Halifax Commission ? The mere 
 objections of Secretary Evarts were held by the 
 nations to liave disgraced our neighbours in 
 some degree. What if their Government had 
 refused to pay the $5,500,000, and had consti- 
 tuted a Committee of Congress to take the evi- 
 dence over again and decide what should be 
 done ? What if the Cabinet of Mr. Hayes had 
 refused to ratify the Award beoause the 
 Halifax Commission had been determined on by 
 their predecessors in office ! Bat it may be 
 said that an arbitration between independent 
 nations is quite different from one between a 
 federation and one of its parts, in as much m war 
 might be the result of bad faith in the former 
 
 UU'rAVA 
 
22 
 
 oMe. We hold that » diaregard of obligation ii 
 rendered more dingraceful liy the plea that it 
 can be indulged in with »afuty. The stability 
 of the Uinfederatien depends on the general 
 confidence of the Provinces in the central 
 Government, and hereafter it will be impossible 
 to respect the Admiiiiatration at Ottawa while 
 conducted by the leaders of the Tory party." 
 
 If the Globe's assertions be correct, that 
 "a disregard of obligation is rendered 
 more disgi-aceful by the plea that it can 
 be indulged in with safety," then we 
 must assume that the proposal of 
 the hon. member for West Durham 
 and his friends, to disregard the Car- 
 narvon Award, is " disgraceful " indeed. 
 I now come to the denunciations of a 
 number of the members for Ontai'io in 
 that journal, of which the following is a 
 specimen : — 
 
 "The namcB of the Ontario members who 
 voted for the national dishonour and feared to 
 stand up for the just Award to their Province, 
 are worthy of record. Let the electors of 
 Ontario note the following list of men, who 
 have at once been traitors to Canada and to 
 their own constituents : 
 
 J. B. ROBINSON. 
 R, HAY. 
 8. PLATT. 
 JOHN MCRORT. 
 8. J. I.AW80N. 
 WH. FITZ3IMM0NS. 
 ALEX. SHAW. 
 THOMAS WHITK. 
 JOHN R0CHE.STEB. 
 DARBY BBRGIN. 
 J. 8. ROSS. 
 A.|r. H. WILLIAMS. 
 THOMAS ARKELL. 
 J. A. KIRKPATHICK. 
 D. MACMILLAN. 
 J, B. FLUMB. 
 .108. KEELER. 
 3. R. HE8S0N. 
 O. BILLIARD. 
 F. ROUTHIER. 
 PETER WHITE. 
 W. C. LITTLE. 
 A. HCQUADE. 
 II. KKANZ. 
 O. A. DREW. 
 
 SIR JOHN A, 
 
 JOHN MCLENNAN. 
 
 GEO. JACKSON. 
 
 T. S. SPROULE. 
 
 WM. MCUOUOALL. 
 
 F. B. KILVERT. 
 
 THOS. ROBEnrSON. 
 
 JOHN WHITE. 
 
 MACKENZIE BOWKLL. 
 
 T. FARROW. 
 
 R. STEPHENSON. 
 
 J. O HAGOART. 
 
 C. F. FERGUSON. 
 
 ED. HOOPER. 
 
 J. C. BYKERT, 
 
 T. COUGHLIN. 
 
 W. WALLACE. 
 
 J. M. CURRIER. 
 
 J. TASSfi. 
 
 J. BURNHAM. 
 
 J. S. MCQUAIG. 
 
 DALTON M'CAHTHY. 
 
 O. FULTON. 
 
 HECTOR CAMERON, 
 
 8. MEK>'£H. 
 
 A. BOULTBEE. 
 
 MACDONALD. 
 
 This is what we find the hon. gentle- 
 men opposite to have said and done 
 through tneir organ the Globe. The 
 very reverse they propose to do with re- 
 spect to British Columbia, the only Pro- 
 vince in the Dominion which has paid a 
 larger sum intc the Treasury than of right 
 she should have paid. If Ontario mem- 
 bers voted for the " national dishonour " 
 when they simply voted for a Committee 
 
 to enquire into all maters connected with 
 the Ontario lioundary, and if they were 
 " traitors to ( Janada and their own con- 
 stituents," will not hon. gentlemen oppo- 
 site vote " for the national dishonour," 
 and prove " tiuitors to Canada and their 
 constituents," when thoy vote for the 
 amendment of the hon. ineniber for West 
 Durham to break the Carnarvon Award 1 
 But I will now read some passages 
 from a writer on International Law, 
 for the benefit of the member for West 
 Durham, who presents hiniHflf here in the 
 character of an internati' 1 law-breaker, 
 whose moral inptincta o so readily 
 touched when anything c cems Ontario, 
 but who is deaf and insensible when Bri- 
 tish Columbia is concerned, and when 
 she asks for justice. I will read some 
 pp^sngeb from Vattel, a standard authority 
 on International Law, as Blackstone is 
 on Common Law, and Adam Smith on 
 Political Economy : 
 
 " It is a nettled point in natural law, that he 
 who has made a promise to any one has con- 
 ferred upon him a real right to require the 
 thing promised, — and, codsequently, that the 
 breach of a perfect promise is a violation of an- 
 other person's right, and as evidently an act of 
 injustice as it would be to rob a man of his 
 property. The tranquility, the happiness, the 
 uecurity uf the human race, wholly depend on 
 justice, — on the obligation of paying a regard 
 to the rights of others. The respect which 
 others pay to our rights of domain and prop- 
 erty constitutes the security of our actual pos- 
 sessions ; the faith of promises is our security 
 for things that cannot be delivered or executed 
 upon the spot. There would no longer be any 
 security, no longer any commerce between man- 
 kind, if they did not tiiink tbcmselvcs obliged 
 to keep faith with each other, and to perform 
 their promises. This obligatron is, then, as 
 necessary as it is natural and indubitable, be- 
 tween nations that live together in a state of 
 nature, and acknowledge no superior upon 
 earth, to maintain order and peace in their 
 society. Nations, therefore, ana their conduc- 
 tors, ought inviolably to observe their prom- 
 ises and their treaties. This great truth, tiiouch 
 too often neglected in practice, is generally 
 acknowledged by all nations : the reproach of 
 perfidy isesteemed by sovereigns amostatrocions 
 affront ; yet he who does not observe a treaty 
 is certainly 'pei-fidious, since he violates his 
 faith. On the contrary, nothing adds so great 
 a glory to a prince, and to the nation he gov- 
 erns, as the reputation of an inviolabb fidelity 
 in the performance of promises. By such hon- 
 ourable conduct, 08 much and even more than 
 by her valour, the Swiss nation has rendered 
 herself respeotahle throughout Europe, and it 
 deservedly courted by the greatest monarohs 
 who entrust their personal safety to a body- 
 euard of her citizens. Tho Parliament of Eog- 
 land hu more than once thanked the king 
 
M 
 
 for hit fidelity and zeal in succouring the allici 
 of his orowc. This national magnanimity is 
 the source of immortal glory ; it presents a Hrm 
 basis on which nutions may build their conti- 
 dence, and thus it becomes an unfailing source 
 of power and splendour. 
 
 "As the engagements of a Treaty imposed 
 on the one hiinu a, ]Mirfect obligation, they 
 produce on the other a perfect right. The 
 oreach of a Treaty is therefore a violation of 
 the perfect right uf the party with whom we 
 have contracted ; and this is on act of injustice 
 against him." 
 
 ]t remains, then, for history to Rtnte, that 
 the member for West Durham bargained 
 with his colleagnt'H an<l the leader ot hiH 
 Qovornment to violate the Treaty and 
 compact with Brilish Columbia — the bar- 
 gain between her, Canada and England, 
 which V ly honourable Province and 
 honouro.l.ie man would say was a binding 
 obligation- and that he would only enter 
 the Miuisti f on condition it should be 
 broken ; and y 3t we have had, this Session, 
 the statement of the hon. member for 
 Bothwell (Mr. Mills), that no Treaty can 
 be broken except with the consent of both 
 parties to it. I will read this passage on 
 the subject : 
 
 " Who can doubt that Treaties are in the 
 number of those things that are to be held 
 sacred by nations ? by treaties the most im- 
 portant affairs are determined ; by them the 
 pretensions of sovereigns are regulated ; on 
 them nations are to depend for the acknowledg- 
 ment of their rights, and the security of their 
 dearest interests Between bodies politic, — be- 
 tween sovereigns who acknowledge no superior 
 on earth, treaties are the only means of adjust- 
 ing their various pretensions, — of establishing 
 fixed ruh's of conduct, — of ascertaining what 
 they are entitled to expect, and what they have 
 to depend <iii. But treaties are no better than 
 empty wonlH, if nations do not consider them 
 as respectablo engagements, — as rules which 
 are to he inviolably observed by sovereigns, 
 and held sacred throughout the whole earth. 
 
 " The faith of treaties, that firm and sincere 
 resolution, that invariable constancy in fulfill- 
 ing our engagements, — of which we make pro- 
 fession in a treaty, is therefore to be held 
 sacred and inviolable between the nations of 
 the earth, whose safety and repose is secured : 
 and, if mankind be not wilfully deficient in 
 their duty to themselves, infamy must ever be 
 the portion of him who violates his faith. 
 
 " He who violates his trr-iitics, violates at 
 the same time the law of nations : for, he dis- 
 regards the faith of treaties,— that faith which 
 the law of nations declares sacred ; and, so far 
 as depends on him, he renders it vain and in- 
 effectual. Doubly, guilty, he does an injury to 
 to his ally, he does an injury to 
 all nations, aai. inflicts a wound on the great 
 looiety of mankind. " On the observance and 
 execution of trea'.ies," said a respectable sov- 
 ereign, *' depende .^.U the security which princes 
 
 and states have with respect to each other : 
 and no dependence could henceforth be placed 
 in future conventiuns if the existing ones were 
 not to be observed. " 
 
 " As all nations are interested in maintaining 
 the faith of treatio*, and causing it to be 
 everywhere considered as sacred anciinviolable, 
 so likowine they are justiliablo in forming a 
 confedtjrucy for the purpose of rcprrissiug him 
 who testifies a disregard for it —who openly 
 sports with it— who violates and tramples it 
 under foot. Nuch a man is a public enemy 
 who saps the foundations of the i)eace and com- 
 mon safety of nations. Bat we should be care- 
 ful not to extend this maxim to the prejudice 
 of that liberty and independence to which 
 every nation has a claim. When a sovereign 
 breaks his treaties, or refuses to fulfil them, 
 this does not immediately imply that he con- 
 siders them as empty names, and that he disre- 
 gards the faitii of treaties ; he may have good 
 reasons for thinking himself liberated from his 
 engagements ; snd other sovereigns have not a 
 right to judge him. It is ttio sovereign who 
 violates his engagements on pretences that are 
 evidently frivolous, or who does not even think 
 it worth his while to allege any pretence what- 
 ever, to give a colourable gLs« to his conduct, 
 and cast a veil over his want of faith — it is such 
 a sovereign who deserves to be treated as aa 
 enemy to tbe human race." 
 
 The hon. member for West Durham 
 proposes delay, and every hon. member 
 can perceive that his conclusions are 
 at variance with his statements and pre- 
 mises. But he is the man of subter- 
 fuges and flimsy reasons, in order that 
 the Treaty with Brilish Columbia may 
 not bo carried out. Valtel, page 234, 
 speaking of subterfuges says : 
 
 " His Catholic Majesty, Ferdinand, having 
 concluded a treaty with the Archduke, his son- 
 in-law, tiiought he could evade it by privately 
 protesting against the treaty : a puerile finesse ! 
 which without giving any right to that prince, 
 only exposed his weakness and duplicity." 
 
 Now, what applies to Ferdinand will 
 apjily to hon. gentlemen opposite. This 
 resolution has only again exposed their 
 weakness and their duplicity. I quote 
 again from Vattel on Treaties, page 450, 
 and 1 ask the House to observe its appli- 
 Ciibility to the course of the lion, member 
 for West Durham. As is well known, 
 tiie hon. gentleman has ever been m 
 favour of delays in conntction with the 
 fulfilment of Canada's obligations to 
 Briti.sh Columbia. Now, what does thii 
 groat writer on International Law »ay 
 about delays 1 He says : 
 
 " Studied delays are e(^nivalent to an expreea 
 denial, and diflfer from it only by the artifice 
 with which he who practices them aeeks to 
 palliate his Mant of faith : he adds fraud to 
 
24 
 
 perfidity, and actually violates the{article which 
 he should fulfil." 
 
 Sir, I am astonished that hon. gentlemen 
 on the other siile of the House can sup- 
 port so perfidious a resolution as that of 
 the hon. member for West Durham. I 
 am astonished that the hon. gentleman 
 himself should wish to cover his country 
 with such infamy, as must cover every 
 state that breaks its treaties. If war be 
 the sum of villainies, the breaking of 
 treaties raust be the sum of infamies. 
 My hon. friend, the hon. the Minister 
 of Public Works, stated the other night 
 that the Union of the four Pro- 
 vinces was based upon the con- 
 struction of a Hailway connecting the 
 Eastern with the Western Provinces. With- 
 out the Intercolonial Railway there could 
 have been and would have been no real 
 Union. Now, supjiose that after that 
 Union had been proclaimed, after the Fed- 
 eral Government had been organised, and 
 the several Provinces had begun to pay 
 their money into the Federal Treasury, 
 that the Dominion had refused to con- 
 struct thatroadjwould not every man from 
 those Eastern Provinces have denounced 
 the Federal Government for its perfidy 
 But, when such a course is actually 
 proposed to be pursued towards British 
 Columb-a, many hon. gentlemen seem not 
 to understand that equal perfidy is involved 
 in the proposition to break faith with 
 British Columbia. Now, we will take the 
 Carnarvon Award. The leader of the 
 Opposition, while head of the late Gov- 
 ernment, and Lord Dufferin, concurred 
 in accepting the Award, and thinking 
 Lord Carnarvon for what he liad done. 
 And they added this : We accept this 
 for a present settlement, as it is not at 
 variance with any statute. We accept 
 it because it is not at variance with 
 any Resolution of Parliament. What 
 duplicity on the part of 'on. gen- 
 tlemen opposite, who deliberateiy, down 
 to the present hour, are still prepared to 
 implement that Award by supporting a 
 proposition to ignore it. The hon. the 
 Minister of Railways has brought undertho 
 notice of hon. gentlemen opposite, that the 
 lata Premier did not propose to build the 
 Emory Bavona section of the Pacific Rail- 
 way, although he put this counti'y to an 
 expense of thousands of dollars 
 in moving rails. What greater 
 infamy can we conceive of if thia 
 oharge be true 1 When knowingly and 
 
 deliberately using the public money of 
 Canada for a mere partisan purjjose, he 
 wasted $32,000 to make the people of 
 British Columbia believe that the Gov- 
 ernment intended to build the road, whilst 
 in fact they did not intend to do so. 
 
 Sir CHARLES TUPPER : T made a 
 mistake in the amount ; it was over 
 $34,000. 
 
 Mb. DeCOSMOS: I thank the hon. gen- 
 tleman for his correction. I think it will 
 also be found that the late Government, in 
 order to provide themselves with a means of 
 escape, did not pass any Older in Council 
 calling for tenders I believe the call for 
 tenders was put into the papers, and no 
 Order in Council, authoriiiing the call, 
 was ever passed. In 1871 the Govern- 
 ment of Canada, wth a full sense of their 
 obligations, made a Treaty with British 
 Colun\bia. The obligations of that Treaty 
 put a first lien upon this Dominion after the 
 charges upon the piiblic debt and the ordi- 
 naiy and current expenditure for govern- 
 ment. Under that Treaty the Railway was 
 to bo commenced simultaneoufelj^' on the 
 Pacific coast and at som'e point east of the 
 Rocky Mountains. Fifteen million dol- 
 lars have already been expended by 
 the late Government in the work of 
 construction, and not a single dollar has 
 been spent in British Columbia in the 
 work of construction. Is it not right that 
 the Parliament now, at the end of seven 
 years, from the time fixed for its commence- 
 ment, should till, in a small measure, the 
 obligations assumed in 1S71 ? Again, 
 about $15,000,000 has been expended 
 on the onial system since 1873. We find 
 the system of canals between Lake Huron 
 and Montr-eal have cost over $15,(i00,000, 
 and the interest that is being paid, at the 
 mte of 5 per cent., amounts to $750,000 
 more per annum. If this Governnient 
 had wiehbd to have kept faith with tlio 
 people of British Columbia, it would not 
 have entered so readily into the enlarge- 
 ment of canals, because the obligations to 
 British Columbia was a prior lien on this 
 Dominion. 
 
 Mr. MACKENZIE : No. 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS : More than that ! 
 We find that they have relieved the Pro- 
 vinces of Ontario and Quebec of some 
 »600,000 or «700.000 a year interest, or 
 nearl> ^1 1,000,000 in capital. Making a 
 total expenditure of principal and interest 
 of about $60,000,000 in nine years, con- 
 trary to the spirit and letter of the com- 
 
26 
 
 pact with British Columbia. I take it 
 that anyone to whom this matter may be 
 loney of referred will see that the first duty of the 
 
 [rjiose, he Dominion was to fulfil its obligation with 
 
 )pople of British Columbia, but we hear notning of 
 
 the Gov- that in the utterances of hon. gentlemen 
 
 id, whilst opposite. I desii-e now to allude to the 
 
 so. addresii of my lion, friend the hon. mem- 
 
 1 1 made a ber for Yale, when the reply to the 
 
 |wa3 over Speech from the Throne was before the 
 
 House. The hon. gentleman stated thjit 
 I took ground in my speech on that occa- 
 sion against the route of the railway 
 selected by the government. The very 
 contrary : I expressed myself as follows 
 on this point : " I am glad that the gov- 
 ernment has at last decided upon a route 
 on the West Coast." He, also, stated 
 that I represented the people as being 
 dissatisfied with the route selected. Now, 
 I made no such statement, — as will "be 
 seen on reference to the Hansard. He 
 questioned my remarks with relation to 
 " the fertile district of Kamloops," re- 
 ferred to in the Speech. Now with the 
 object of placing myself right on that 
 subject, and correcting the error into 
 which the hon. member has fallen, I have 
 prepared som'i etatistjcs on Kaiiiloops 
 district and tho neighboring districts, 
 which 1 will ask the House to allow me 
 to place among other reports of my utter- 
 ances on tluK cccaHi'"'n, Tliese statistics 
 will show the extent approximately of 
 Kamloops and contiguous districts, from 
 which the section of railway, now under 
 contract, will gee itu business. The total 
 area in square miles and acreage in Yale 
 Commons district, exclusive of Koote 
 nay, ■ 
 
 IS 
 
 Acres. 
 
 2,112,000 
 
 1,5I8,0'0 
 
 768,000 
 2,88(),0()0 
 2,304,000 
 1.728,000 
 1,488,000 
 
 19,825 12,798,000 
 Containing in 1879 the following polling 
 disti'icts, voters and favniers : — 
 
 
 
 Square miles. 
 
 Yale and Hoj e 
 
 districts. 
 
 .. 3,300 
 
 Lytton 
 
 
 .. 2,200 
 
 Cache Creek 
 
 
 . . 1,200 
 
 Kamloops 
 
 
 . . 4,500 
 
 Nicola 
 
 
 . . 3,600 
 
 Okanagan 
 
 
 .. 2,700 
 
 Rock Creek 
 
 
 . . 2,.325 
 
 t 
 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Farm's. 
 
 Yale ami Hope polling district . . 
 
 .. 67 
 
 13 
 
 Lytton district 
 
 
 .. 51 
 
 23 
 
 Cache Creek 
 
 
 .. 56 
 
 26 
 
 Kamloops 
 
 
 .. 126 
 
 58 
 
 Nicola 
 
 
 * 
 
 54 
 
 Okanagan 
 Bock Creek 
 
 
 .. 70 
 
 63 
 
 
 .. 15 
 
 2 
 
 452 239 
 In all the sub-districts, giving the 239 
 
 farmera 320 acres each, the total acreage 
 of the farms v/ould be 66,480 acres ; 
 while in the ten settlements in the Kam- 
 loops district the 58 farmers at 320 acres 
 each, the total acieage would be only 
 18,560 acres North of Yale district is 
 Lilloet district (a sub-district of Cariboo 
 v^ommons district), the total area of which 
 is 18,000 square miles, or a total acreage 
 of 1 1. 520,000 acres. The total acreage in 
 ocr I'^ation is : 83 farmers, at 320 acres 
 f ach, 26,000 acres, the total voters being 
 i08. In 1874 tiie list of voters stood : 
 
 Totivl Far- Stock- 
 Voters, mcrs. raisers. 
 
 Y.ile and Hope 54 12 Nil. 
 
 Lytton 30 10 
 
 Nicola 43 40 
 
 Okanagan 58 9 " 
 
 Kamloopa 87 36 6 
 
 Cache CreeK...; 37 17 Nil. 
 
 The total lands taken up in 1878 in Kam- 
 loops was 8,160 acres, in quantities from 
 36 to 640 acres. The following statement 
 will show the increase ot farmers in the 
 above districts during the period between 
 1874 and 1878 :— 
 
 Hope and Yale, farmnrs 
 
 I,yttoii, 
 
 Jaclic Creek, '' 
 
 Kamloops, " 
 
 Okanagan, " 
 
 Nicola, 
 
 The following is a summary of the Yale 
 and Lilloet districts : 
 
 Yale, total square miles 19,825 
 
 Lilloet, " " 18,000 
 
 187t 
 
 . 12 
 . 10 
 . 17 
 . 36 
 . 9 
 . 40 
 
 l.'iTS IiKTOiBe. 
 
 13 
 23 
 26 
 50 
 61 
 54 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 () 
 U 
 52 
 14 
 
 Total 37,825 
 
 Yale, total acres 12,798,000 
 
 Lilloet, " " 11,520,000 
 
 Total acreage 24,318,000 
 
 Total voters, Yale 452 
 
 Lilloet 108 
 
 Total voters 550 
 
 Total farmers, Yale 2.39 
 
 Lilloet 8» 
 
 Total farmers 322 
 
 I will not on this occasion enter upon 
 an estimate of the amount of business 
 that the railway may transact with 
 these districts — as way traflic. I will say 
 this, that with respect to the railway that 
 is proj)osed to be built by the Government, 
 that whilst 1 do not believe that the Fraser 
 is the best route for our trans-continental 
 railway, yet at the same time I am 
 , wholly indisposed to be factious. Th« 
 
26 
 
 Government have arrived at a decision, 
 and I am prepared to support tlie Gov- 
 ernment in their decision to build that 
 ■ection of the road. I believe, however, 
 that the Pine Pass route will yet prove to 
 be the great through route. 1 believe tha'j 
 after this section is built it will enable tiia 
 whole of British Columbia to be opened up, 
 by connecting the Pine Pass rouie through 
 British Columbia with the Yale — Kamloop 
 section, via Fort George, Quesnelle, Clin- 
 ton and Cache Creek. To beuetit the 
 
 Province, 
 at Cache 
 
 the railwiiy 
 Creek, and go 
 
 ought 
 
 George 
 
 on 
 
 that would bti the 
 up the entire interior 
 
 Western 
 to start 
 to Fort 
 
 means of opening 
 
 of the Province of Columbia. My hon 
 friend from Yale, also stated, on the occa- 
 sion to which I have prv3viously alluded, 
 tljat there were not twelve persons in my 
 constituency wlio were opposed to the 
 Frazer routi'. Allow mo to state, that that 
 was an incorrect stateiuent. He also 
 stated tlmt, in an elo(pient speech, I spoke 
 in favour of that section. At that tit no 
 •vre had no terms of Union with Canada. 
 We were nob even within the ContVd.n" 
 ation, ami tlie question of a I'ailway nvroy i 
 tlio continent, was an unsettled one. Tl e 
 question was put to our Legishitive Council, 
 of which I was a metnber, and of wiiich 
 my hon. friend was a memljor at tliat 
 time. The statement was made that we 
 might get a trans continental railwi>^ , if 
 Canada accepted our terms. 1 siiid then, 
 that if we were going to have a railway, 
 it would be better to put in a positive 
 provision, that it shall be constructed 
 between Yale and Savona's Ferry. I 
 believe that this route will be valuable to 
 this country, and I believe that the ter- 
 ritory south of Kamloops, which is nearly 
 five timeas large as the Province of Prince 
 Edward Island, and that in the districts to 
 the north and south of Kamloops, some very 
 line country, can be opened up. As far 
 as Kanilooi>s is concerned, I do n jt believe 
 very much traffic can Ije obtained. My 
 hon. friend opposite, does not want any- 
 thing to be built in the way of a railway 
 'ii British Columbia, until the settler has 
 reached the Rocky Mountain Range. 
 I think the hon. gentleman is labouring 
 under a very great mistake indeed. Ho has 
 to know that there is only one groat com- 
 mercial mart on the Pacific coast, and 
 that that great commercial mart is 
 San Francisco ; that it has fonned com- 
 mercial relations with every people, on 
 
 the west coast of America, the east coast 
 of Asia, the Indian Arcliiptilago, down 
 through Australia and New Zealand. 
 Now, I take it, if we wish as a Canadian 
 people, if we wish to establish a foreign 
 policy, if we wisli to find a market for our 
 surplus products, wo ought to have rail- 
 way communication with the shores of 
 the Pacific, in order that we might dis- 
 tribute our suri)lus goods among the mar- 
 kets of the Pacific Ocean. Tho hon. mem- 
 ber for West Durham wants delay. That 
 is a great mistake ; for the sooner va are 
 enabled to move our numufiictures aooss 
 the continent, and enter into coinm«;rcial 
 rivalry around the shores of tho Pacific 
 Ocean with our neighbour to the south, the 
 sooner we will be enabled to occupy a 
 s'milar comnmnding conimoi'dal position 
 to the provinces on tho Atlantic. Allow 
 me to call t'lo attention of tho House to 
 the trade of the p^rt of S\n Francisco. 
 The total imports of niorcliandiso during 
 1879, in San Fiancisco, amounted 
 to 8n-l, 12 1,417. Thr; tot.il exports, 
 $3G,.'50t,328. I find t'lat t'no don.- 
 ■stic (>xp(,rta from tin- Slato of <' ''- 
 foriua amounted to 82'.I,0()0,0I)0. N , 
 tlio total value of the inipoi'ts ol' ! ';uia ui 
 in 1878-7!) was !?S !,!»(! 1,127 ; and 
 total value of exports, $7l,-191,2.'>r). By 
 comimrison, it will bo scon, that San 
 Francisco, a city only tliiity years oh., 
 imports and e.xports nearly half as much, 
 o.xclusive of coin and bullion, as the 
 Dominion of Canada. Now thnre is no 
 good reason why this state of things 
 should exist, if we are true to our-selves, 
 and develop by railway the Great West. 
 A few years ago, I employed an engineer 
 to make a measurement of our teiritory 
 from the llOcli meridian, west:, to tlie 
 eastern boundary of British Columbia, 
 and betwoon the 49th and 60t!i parallels 
 of north latitude. The result showed 
 that tii'ie are 257,OU'J scjuaro milos of 
 territory ea.«<t of tho Provincial boundary 
 that must find its market through a 
 port in British Columbia. That added 
 to the 330,000 square miles of British 
 Columbia gives us a territory of 587,000 
 squaie miles, which must also find its 
 chief markets on tln^ coa? o of tho Pacific. 
 Tho United States, west of the 110th 
 meridian and between the Canadian 
 boundary and the Republic of Mexico, 
 have 800,000 scjuare milos of territory, 
 and we have just as good a country as 
 they have. The agricultural products of 
 
 Canada sei 
 
 England ii 
 
 twenty mi 
 
 export: of 
 
 of San Fr 
 
 788,772. I 
 
 railway ru 
 
 east of the 
 
 ■short disti 
 
 we will be 
 
 to Englam 
 
 cisco. We 
 
 this railwa 
 
 region east 
 
 this throu; 
 
 I'ailway wi 
 
 up the cou 
 
 further. 
 
 facts from 
 
 this subj 
 
 import ail 
 
 Province, 
 
 tributed > 
 
 in Custon 
 
 as, at the 
 
 been payi 
 
 bated moi 
 
 on Friclaj 
 
 as much 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Quebecer 
 
 forty No 
 
 bians p) 
 
 Brunswic 
 
 bians pa 
 
 Prince E 
 
 British 
 
 dated Fn 
 
 • she was 
 
 per capi 
 
 showed 
 
 from 18' 
 
 in Cust 
 
 But let I 
 
 comparii 
 
 rately, a 
 
 the Don 
 
 per capi 
 
 ia tho a 
 
 to pay, 1 
 
 we shoi: 
 
 altogetli 
 
 3340,31 
 
 which 
 
 we do 
 
 Oanadii 
 
 fi'ont a 
 
 the b( 
 
 populn 
 
27 
 
 east coast 
 iigo, clown 
 Zealand. 
 Ciinudian 
 a foreign 
 ket for our 
 liave rail- 
 shores of 
 niiylit dis- 
 ^ tlie niar- 
 lion. nieni- 
 llay. That 
 [ler VG are 
 res acjoss 
 jomnicrcial 
 ho Pncific 
 .south, the 
 occupy a 
 il position 
 ic. Allow 
 House h) 
 Friincisco. 
 lise during 
 amounted 
 exports, 
 tiKj doii - 
 -! of <■ ' ' 
 
 on. >;,,,. 
 
 of Oanaua 
 127 ; and 
 
 timt San 
 
 Vf.irs old, 
 f as much, 
 II, as the 
 ere is no 
 of things 
 
 oiirselves, 
 reat West. 
 1 engineer 
 r tei ritory 
 Kt, to tlie 
 Colurabia, 
 1 parallels 
 t showed 
 
 niiloH of 
 lioundar^ 
 lirough a 
 at added 
 f l^ritish 
 f flST.OOO 
 
 tind its 
 c Pacitie. 
 le 110th 
 L'anudian 
 
 Mexico, 
 territory, 
 )unlry as 
 oducts of 
 
 Canada sent from the Atlantic side to 
 England in 1878-79 were worth about 
 twenty millions of dollars. Now, the 
 export;: of wheat alone, from the port 
 of San Francisco, last year were $16,- 
 788,772. I maintain that if wo have a 
 railway running from the cereal region 
 east of the Rocky Mountains to within a 
 short distance 6f the Pacific coast, that 
 we will be just as able to ship our wheat 
 to England as the people of Sar Fran- 
 cisco. We trust also to find a way trafiic for 
 this railway. By the settlement of that 
 region east of our boundary, we will get 
 this through traffic and by that means the 
 railway will assist most materially to build 
 up the country. I shall not go into detail 
 further. I desire now to summarize a few 
 facts from what I have already said uj)on 
 this subject. We, British Columbia, 
 import and export more tlian any other 
 Province, per capita. We have con- 
 tributed during the last year $521,443 
 in Customs alone to the Revenue, where- 
 as, at the same rate per head as we have 
 been paying Ontario, would have contri- 
 buted more than $20,000,000. 1 contended 
 on Friday night that 200 Ontarians paid 
 as much as five Celumbians ; that five 
 Cohimbians paid as much as loO 
 Quebecers; five Columbians paid as much 
 forty Nova Scotians ; that five Colum 
 bians paid as much as thirty New 
 Brunswickei-s ; 
 bians paid 150 
 
 Prince Edward islanders. I showed that 
 British Columbia paid into the Consoli- 
 dated Fund last year $275,762 more than 
 she was lawfully bound to pay at the 
 per capita rate of the Dominion. I 
 showed that during the eight years, 
 from 1871 to 1879, she paid in a total, 
 in Customs and Excise, of $3,392,152. 
 But let us leave out of consideration the 
 comparison with the Provinces sepa- 
 rately, and come d iwn to the average for 
 the Dominion. Our proportion of Customs 
 per capita of the Dominivyii is $3.50 ; that 
 is the amount per capita which we ought 
 to pay, and, as our population is 50,000, 
 we should by right contribute $175,000 
 altogether; but the fact is we paid 
 $346,343 in addition to the $175,000 
 which we should not pay by right Yet 
 we do not giumble. All we want is the 
 Canadian Government to come to the 
 front and carry out (iicir obligations in 
 the best possible way. The 50,000 
 population is based u) on careful calcula- 
 
 and that • five Colum- 
 per cent, more than ten 
 
 tions. During the six months preceding 
 my arrival hei-e I gave a great deal of at- 
 tention to the matter, and I came to the 
 conclusion that, including our Indian 
 pojjulation, our white population and the 
 Chinese and every other nationality 
 the number, our population, in the maxi- 
 mum, is 50,000. Now, it has been stated 
 that $1,449,956 has been expended on 
 surveys in British Columbia, and as 
 British Columbia las contrib'ited, man 
 for man, the large amount which I have 
 stated more j)er capita than all the 
 rest of the Dominion, it will be seen 
 thiit over and above all railway ex- 
 [icnditure, tlie Government hold in hand 
 a net balance contributed in the eight 
 years by British Columbia, over the 
 remainder of the Dominion, of §195,540. 
 I am glad to see the lion, member for 
 West Durham (Mr. Blake) in his seat ; 
 because I want to make reference to his 
 statement, at Walkerton, that wo had 
 onlva population of 2,000, 
 
 Mr. BLAKE : No, no, 
 
 Mu. DeCOSMOS : The lion, gentleman 
 stated that there were about as great a 
 poi)ulation in British Columbia as in the 
 audience he was then addressing at Wal- 
 kerton, and that audience was about 2,000 
 in number. I have it here in the Globe. 
 
 Mr. BLAKE : I neither swear by, nor 
 at the Globe; but what I really stated, was 
 that the population numbered as many free- 
 holders as the number then present ; and 
 I estimated the freeholders as one to five. 
 
 Mr. DeCOSMOS : Oh ! freeholders. 
 The hon, member for West Durham is 
 well able to make that look better which 
 looked so much worse. He stated that 
 there were only 2,000 freeholders in 
 British Columlaia. I find also that 
 he gives 12,000 paying $553,362 in 
 Excise and Customs in one year ; that 
 would be about $47 per capita. Oh ! I 
 wish I were such a statistician as the hon. 
 member for West Durham. I told the 
 House the other night that I would deal 
 with the Vancouver section of the railway 
 at some other time. I know it will b« 
 built. I am only dealing with the 
 Yale-Kamloops section ; the total cost of 
 which I estimate at $8,000,000. I have 
 shown that we pay $340,000 a year more 
 in Customs than the average taxation of 
 the Dominion, and, thereto e, we really 
 shall pay all the expenses, in the shape of 
 interest and binking fund for tht 
 building of this railway. 
 
 I 
 
Page 2, line 82, for '• Lake and Water " read " lake and canal " 
 Page 6, line 29 (below table), for "in British Columbia" read "if British 
 Columbia." 
 
 ..ifl^^^ft. ^}' ^A^^^f, °^ ''Casual and Territorial Revenue," in column headed 
 " 1874-5," >»• '"•-I" read "12,264.11;" for "5.12" read "2,976 12" for 
 "9.18" rcorf "9,489.18." ^,»<o.i^, /or 
 
 Pago 11, second column,/or "nearly $1,750,000" read "is nearly $1,760 000 " 
 Page 12, second column, line 6, for " beyond the statutorv provision of "' read 
 " beyond the statutory provision." 
 
 Page 16, second column, 3rd line from bottom, >r " on that side of the House " 
 read " in this House. 
 
Iritish 
 
 eaded 
 " for 
 
 000." 
 read 
 
 )use " 
 
 li 
 
 3 r 
 
^irtmmBf^imim^^miF