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This item is fMmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce documei.; est filmA au taux de rAduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X tails du Ddifier une mage The copy signifie "A SUIVRE ". Ie symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film6s d des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui ciich6, il est film* A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. rata D lelure. 3 12X t 2 3 < : i 2 3 4 5 6 h GEOGRAPHY OF NOVA SCOTIA, WITH A BRIIP INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL GEOGRAPHY* FOR TIIK USE or THE PUPILS OF THE ^ , InstHtttjon for iJ^t m^ & lnmB» BY J. SCOTT nUTT0N,3 rRIXCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION, h HALIFAX, N. S rniNTED BY WILLI A 51 MACXA3, 11 I'UINX'K STREET. 1869 NS 4G r TlIEp of the books ( ments inanu8< venient ^ The: graphic the Pre Generai Tlie tions, m at the si intendec cxplainc diagram stage th( and exai ! PREFATORY NOTE. The present epitome has been compiled to meet the local wants of the Deaf and Dumb School, Halifax-the common text, ibooks of Geography being unsuited to the peculiar require- ments of deaf-mute instniction-and, after being used in manuscript for some years, is now printed for the greater con- vemence of our Teachers and Pupils. The manual consists chiefly of three parts-a list of Geo- graphical Terms and Phrases, an outline of the Geography of the Province in a catechetical form, and a brief Introdution to Oeneral Geography. Tlie Geographical Terms are wnaccompanied by cxpiana- tions, as mere verbal definitions would be comparatively useless at the stege, and for the class of learners, for which the book is intended The -terms and phrases" are designed to be explained and illustrated by the Teacher, by means of signs, diagrams, and frequent reference to the ma,,. At a subsequent stage the pupil may be required to attempt verbal definitions and examples of his own. J. S. H. THE WOELD-THE EARTH-THE GLOBE, AMERICA, ASIA. AFRICA. THE GLOBE. EUROPE. AUSTRALIA. OCEANIA. DIRECTIONS, OR POINTS OF THE COMPASS. 4^ /p. W I E PARTS OF A COUNTRY. ITORTH-WESTEUN PART. NORTHERN PART. NORTH-EASTERN PART. WESTERN PART. CENTRAL PART. EASTERN PART. SOUTH-WESTERN PART. SOUTHERN PART. SOUTH-EASTERN PART. c ei C HOBE, OPE. MLIA. IPASS. ^ GEOGEAPIIY OF AOVA SCOTJA, &c. GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS. CJ 1. -rilYSICAL DIViSlO T.AXD: Continents, Islands, Groups of Islands. A ContiiKiit. A Group of Islands. } A Cluster of Lslands. \ A I'cninsula. XS OF TIIK KAUTII. Jr./ Tj:n. Oceans, Gulfs, Seas, Lakes, Rivers. An Ocean. The Ocean. A Sea. Tiie Sea. A Strait or Gut. A Sound or Channel. \ STERN r. 5 CRN T. c lSTERN r. gi An Isthmus. A Cajte. A Proiuontor}'. A Point. A Headland, Naze, Xess or Mull. The Coast or Shoie. A Mountain. f The top of } ' The summit ^ The base ) The bottom > The sides A Chain of Mountains. A Kanjje of Mountains. A :Mountain I{an"e. A IJill. The slope of a Hill. A Volcano. i .A Burning Mountain. ] A Valley, Vale, or Dell. A Plain. 1 J A Gulf or Pay. A Lake. Locir, or Lough. A Kiver. The Mouth of 'I'he Source 1'he Panks The Current > 1'iie Stream 5 , The Channel ) ] The Ped 5 Tho Course The Pa sin A Rranch of. .. A Trilnitary of LAn Aflhunt of Papids. Cascade. Falls. Cataract. An Estuary or Frith. An Archipelago. GEO(JRAriIICAL TKUMS A Forest. A J)csert or Wilflerncss. A fiwanip or Bog. > A Fen or Mjir.sh. S A Plateau. A Tableland. A Prairie or Grassy Plain. A Savannah. A Pampa or Grassy Plain. A Road or Roadstead. A Ilarliour. A Port. A Haven. A Creek. A Cove. An Inlet. An Arm of the Sea. The Head of the Harbour. The Mouth of the Harbour. ) The Entrance of the Harbour. 5 A Current. The Tide. n\frh Water— Full Tide. Low Water— Ebb Tide. II.— POLITICAL DIVISIONS, &c., OF THE EARTH. A Country. A Province. A County. A Township. A Parisli. A District. A Territory. A State. A Depjirtment. An Emi)ire. A Kingdom. A Monarch}'. A Limited Monarchy. A Constitutional Gov'mt. A Village. A Settlement. A Town A City. Countv Town. Chief Town. Chief City. Capital=Metropolis. A Canton. A Republic. A Principality. A Duchy. A Despotic Government. An Absolute Government. Rulers. Emperor — Empress. Prince — Princess. King — Queen. Sultan — Sultana. Czar — Czarina. Shah. Duke — Duchess. President. Archduke — Archduchess. Governor==Chief. Legislature. Parliament or Diet. House of Assembly. House of Commons. House of Representatives. Congress, Chamber of Deputies. Legislative Council. House of Lords. Chamber of Peers. Senate. The El The Ei The En The Ki TheKii The Rt Sta The Pr bur The Du The An The Pre The Cor The Am The Con riio Eur The Con Die Afri riio Con Che Asia The Islai The Islai Che Islar &c ["he Isthi ?he Isthi &c 'he Mou 'he Sour 'he Sour 'he Moui . liranch . Tributa &c. 'he Dese ne Dese: 'he Plain he Prair he J*am]) ?nt. lent. OKOORArillCAL TKHMS roi'xrny. Tlio Emperor of France, The Empire of Kussin, The Empire of Turkey, The Kingdom of Italy, The Kingdom of Great Britain, The Republic of the United ) States, 5 Tiic Principality of Saxe Co- ) burg and Gothn, > The Duchy of Westplialia, The Archduchy of Austria, The Province of Nova Scotia, ni'LER. J Tlie Emperor and Empress ( of tlie French. The C/ar of Russia. Thi> Sullan of Turkey. The King of Italy. The Queen of Great Britain. The President of the United States. The Prince of Saxc Coburg and Gotlia. The Duke of Westphalia. The Archduke of Austria. The Governor of Nova Scotia. I III.—VARIOUS PHRASES. The Continent of America. > The American Continent. 5 The Continent of Europe. > riie European Continent. S The Continent of Africa The African Continent, riio Continent of Asia. Che Asiatic Continent •J Phe Island of Newfoundland. Che Island of Cape Breton. Che Island of Great Britain. &,c., &c. Phe Isthmus of Chignecto. ?he Isthmus of Panama. &c., &c. ThePeninsula of Halifax. ThePeninsula of Nova Scotia. Tile Peninsula of Florida. &c., &c. The Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of St. Lawrence. &c., &c. The Bay of Fundy. The Bay of Biscay. &c., &c. The Sea of Japan. The Sea of Kamtschatka. &c., &e. The Strait of Canso. The Strait of Belisle. } &c., &c. ^he Mouth of the St. Lawrence Our own Province==This Prov. 'lie Source of St. Lawrence. The neighbouring Province, 'he Source of the Mississippi. The adjoining Province. 'he Mouth of the Mississippi. The sister Provinces. . Branch of the Shubenacadie. The neighbouring Provinces . Tributary of the Mississippi. &c., &c. &c., &e. The British Provinces, 'he Deserts of Arabia. The British Colonies. 'ne Desert of Sahara. The Brit. American Colonies, "he Plains of Mexico. The Australian Colonies. he Prairies of the West. Our .African Colonies. he Pampas ot South America. Our Asiatic Colonies. &c., &c. Tiie Colony ot Natal. 8 tJKoriUAl'.'HCAL TKIiM-;. The F;i!ls ()t'Niiip:iir;i. Tho Colony of Tasmiinia. V. t: The liiipid'! of thi- St. Jolin 11. Thu Coh)ny of Brit. Cohiinl)'Ki. rpj^^^ ^ The Hiipiils ot iIk- .St. Lawrfiu'o Ac, &(•. The ] X-.c, vJic. TIh' Colonii's. r... The lliirhoiir of Halifax. The Mother Country. ' r,,,,^. Till' Uarhoiir of St. John. Tiiu IJarhour of Xc-w York. Ik-r lOiiropoan I'ossi's.sioiis. &.V., ^v. \lvv African I'ossi ssions. The Mouth of Halifax Harhour Her Asiatic l*o.sse6.sii)ns. The Entrance (►f the Uarhour. — The Head of it. The Kast Side of it. The West Side of it. The County of Halifax. The Township of Halifax. The Cily of Halifax. The County of I'ictou. Civil Divisions, &c. The Townshi]) of I'ictou. The Provnice of Nova Scotia. The Town of IMctou. The Prov. of Nt'w Brunswick. Otc, &(*. The State of Xcw York. The Prov. of Ontario. Tiie Prov. of Quebec. &c., &c. The Upper Provinces. The Lower Provinces. The District of The Parish of &c. &c. The Department of — The Canton of Tlie Capital of The Chief town of Tiie Metropolis of Britain s Ainerii.'an Possession- rpj^^ j The Hemj . The ' The The The fThel The ' The The 1 The The Zonei The 'I' I T rhe City of New York, ri'.e State of Maine. The District (►f Columbia. &c. &c. The Legislature of Nova Seotir The Le^ns. of New Brunswicli The liCgislature of Canada. . The Provincial Legislature. ' The Legis. of (Jroat Britain. TheLeiis. of the United State &c. &c. ■ North— N. South— S. East— E. . West— W IV. DIPvECTIONS. North from. • . • South from. ■ . . • East from. . ... West from . In the N. of. In the S. of. In the E. of. In the W. of On the N. of. . . . On the S. of. On the E. of.... On the W. of. . . North-cast of. North-west of South-east of. South- West o' N. E. from. N. W. from S. E. from. S. W. Ironi. 1. V • • • • • 2, 3! 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 0. \ 10. A' IJ. \ V V V \ A A CKOCiRArillCAL TI'nM.'^. V. TMA(UNAUY IJXE-^, Ac, iniinia. ' ' The Polos. The North W Ic, '7/ . The South I'ole. rossossion. rrhe Equator. si's.si(,ns. rj,,j^. Kquinoctial Line Hemispheres. The MorthcTii Ileniisplicro, The Southern Ileniispherw, The Kiistern llwmispherc, The Western Hemisphere. The Polar Circles. The Arctic; Circle, The Antarctic Circle. The Tropics. The Tropic of Cancer, The Tropic of Capricorn. Zones. The Tor, id Zone, ■iions. .sions. ifax. lalifax. X. toil. Mctoii. )U. York. fork. e. lunibia. i ox THE EAUTIVS SURFACE. The North Fri^Md Zone, The South rri-i(i Zone, The N. Ti Diperate Zone, The S. Temperate Zone. Meridians. The first Meridian. Parallels. Longitude. Weht Longitude, Ea.«t Longitude. Latitude. North Latitude, Soutli Latitude. DcLfrees, ^'Miute.s, Seconds. Equinoxes. The Sprinj.r iOquinox, ) The Vernal Kquinoy, > Tlie A.-cUninal Kcuinox, The Equinoctial Gales. NovaSeotifj V IJrunswicli* f Canada, ■gislature. at Britain. Fnited State i )f. . . . . .f. . . . . .f. . . . . of. . . . 1 • • t f t 4 QUESTIONS. INTRODUCTORY. 1. What is tlic name of the h\iihlin«: you are now living in? 2. Wliiit st7'€et is the Institution in? 3. AVIiat cify is tiie street in? 4. What country is Halifax in? 5. What part of the world is Nova Scotia in ? 0. What part of America is it in ? 7. Are you a native of this city ? • 8. Are you a native of this comntry? 1). What is your native place? I 10. What is your native country ? IJ. What part of the country do you belong to 10 HISTORY or TlIK PROVINCE. 2. 3. 4. 6. G. 7. THE PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. History, &c. 1. What is the 7iame of this country ? Ans. — Nova Scotia. Was it always so called ? No; it was orijjcinally called " Acadie " or "Acadia." What was the original name of this country ? What is the meaning of the name " Nova Scotia.^' It means " New Scotland." How did it receive this name ? It was so called by the first settlers, who came from Scotland. How old is Nova Scotia ? Between 200 and 300 years old. When was Nova Scotia first discovered, and by ivhom? It was discovered by Joiix and Sebastian Cabot, in the year 1497, (about 370 years ago). 8. By whom was it first settled ? I5y De Monts, who established a French colony at Poit Royal, Annapolis, in the year 1G05. 9. Does it still belong to the French ? No; after long wars between the British and the French, it was finally ceded to the British in the year 1713. To whom does Nova Scotia now belong ? When did the British obtain final possession of it ? What is the Capital of Nova Scotia? The City of Halifax. When was the City of Halifax founded^ and by whom ? On the 21st of June, in the year 1741), by Governor Counwallis. 14. Hoiv old is Halifax now ? 15. How did Halifax receive its name ? It was so named, in honour of the Earl of Halifax in England. ^Vhat was the ancient Capital of the Province ? Port Royal, or Annapolis. By whom was Annapolis founded ? When ? What two countries form the Province of Nova Scotia f Nova Scotia Proper, and the Island of Cape Breton. 19. In which of them are we how? 20. To which do you belong ? 21. Is Nova Scotia Propter a?i island ? No it is a Peninsula. XO^ 22] 23 24J 25. I 10. 11. 12. 13. IG. 17. 18. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I V. i DIVISIONS OF THE PROVIXCE. 11 " Acadia.' ha." came from whom? Cabot, in colony at lie French, y^'ciY 1713. >fit? I , I y ivliom ? m 1749, by Halifax Scotia ? e Breton. NOVA SCOTIA PROPER AND CAPE BRETOX ISLAND. 22. 23. 24. 25. 20. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32- What lies between Nova Scotia Prorter and Cape Breton ? The Stniitof Can^o. Were Nova Scotia and Cape Breton always one Province f No; they were once separate Provinces, but were united under one Government in 1819. When were they united ? Tell me the name of your native County, In what direction does it lie from here ? Give me the names of the Towns and Villages of your own County. Name the Tou'nshijjs of it ? Into how many Counties is Nova Scotia Proper divided? Into fourteen. Into how many Counties is Cape Breton Island divided ? Into four Counties. How many counties in the whole Province ? Eij,'hteen. Name them. COUNTIES 1. Halifax County. 2. Lunenburg County. 3. Queens County. 4. Shelbrune County. 5. Yarmouth County. <). DiGBY County, 7. Annapolis Countv. IN nova SCOTIA. 8. Kings County. 9. Hants County. 10. Cumberland County. 11. Colchester County. 12. Pictou County. 13. Anticonish County. 14. GuYsnoROUGii County. counties in cape BRETON. 15. Inverness County. lt>. Victoria County. 17. Cape Breton County. 18. Richmond County. Productions, &c., of the Province. 33. Tell me the principal Gold Diggings in the Province ? Stormont Dij;^gings, ^ Wine Harbour " Sherbrooke " Tangier " Waveiiy " Montague " Oldham << Mount Uniacke "■ I.enfrew *' In Guysborough County. In Halifax County. In Hants County. 12 PRODUCTIOX.S OF THK PROVINCE. o4. oo. 3G. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 4. o OO. }■ In Capo Breton. I J What are the principal Coal Mines ? Sydney Mines,") Linij^.m " CTrlace Bay *• Gowric " Albion " f T t:i- i. /-I WcstviUe " \ ^'^ Tictou County. The Jofjt^ins Mines, In Cumberland County. Where are there Iron Mines ? Near Folly llivcr, Colchester County, and at Nictaux in Annapolis County. Where is Copper found? At Chcticanip, Inverness County. Where are there large Plaster Quari'ies * Near Windsor, Hants County. What County is noted for Grindstone Quarries? (Cumberland. What County is noted for its Apples and Cheese? Annapolis. What County is noted for its Potatoes, Uay, and Fruit / Kiuijfs County. What Counties are noted for Ship-luilding f Hants, Yarmouth, Digby, Pictou, Colchester Cumberland. Which are noted for the Fisheries ? Shelburne, Lunenburg, Halifax, Guysboro, Kichmond. Wliat are the chief Counties for Farming ? Colchester, Kings, Cumherland, Annapolis, Pictoi and Hants. What is Dighy County noted for ? For the Herring Fishery, and Ship-building. For what is Pictou Comity noted ? For what is Hants County noted ? What is Kings County noted for ? What is Yarmouth County noted for ? What is Cumherland County noted for? What is Colchester County noted for ? For what is Cajje Hreton noted? For what is An.iapolis County famous ? Hew is Annapolis Town reraarkahlc ? What are Cornwallis and Horton noted for ? For their fertile dyke lands. What is Cornwallis sometimes called? The "Garden of Nova Scotia." and ani' :5C. in . /)8. ^9. f jSi-oti f "A I OTTERS, BAYS , IlARBOrRS. 15 n. ity. I County. :5C. Why so r , On account of its beauty and fertility- j r.7. What Counties art noted for their Oold ? r,S. Which CouJities are noted for their Coal f ^•J. Which are noted for their Iron ? f Principal Rirers^ (04. Trace on the Map the folUwing Rivers. (1 at Nictaux gt. Mary's liiver,- -O Musquodoboit River, , » , .. - , ). Flowing iato itlke AtlantKU LaUave lliv^r I I ■ries ? heese ? Liverpool River, — I »^jrt Medway River, J ^ ,. t3 • Annapolis River, Flowing into AnnajpoUs 13asin- Cornwallis River, Flowing into Minas Basin. Avon River,- ...... > plowing into Cobequid Bay. Shubcnacadie River, ^ , „, , ,. .■Stewiacke River, Flowing inte tl^e Slmbenaca^he. ', and Fruit I Pugwasli River,.. .O _ , ^ , j o. -4. . Wallace River, .... V Flowing in.to Northuniberlajid Strait. ' ^ /^ East Rivei% Pietou, . > ilchcster and Margarie River, . . . . > blowing into tlie Guif of St. Lawrence- f Mabou River, ) ^ « .• - i()5. Which is the largest Either in JSova ^ootiaJ lysboro, am' The Slmbeiiacadie. :>olis, Pictoi building. Principal Bays* iCO. Find on the Map \he foUlowing Bay&. Margaret's Baj, Chixiabuclo Bay, St. Oeorg-e's Bay, St. Ann's Bay. St- Peter's Bay, Bay of Fundy, Chiegnecto Bay, Bay VeKe, Cobequid Bay, St. Mary s Bay, m. Which is the largest Bay ui the Province f The Bay of Fundy. . ^;2. Ihw is .the Bay of Fundy ftemarkabU? ^^ - . I Fur its great tides, which rise as high as GO er ./O feet. Principal Harbours. CO. Find owt-oniht Map the followiMg Ilarhours in Mom IScatia Proper, 14 HARBOURS^ CAPES^ MOUX' AINS. Canso, Country Harbour, St. Mary's, Wine Harbour, Mary Joseph, Halifax Harbour, Sambro Harbour, Sheet Harbovr, Ship Harbour, Pope's Harbour, Advocate Harbour Cumberland Basin, Pwgwash Harbour, Wallace Harbour, Merigomish Harbour, Lunenburg Harbour, Liverpool Harbour, Port Medway, Locke's Island, Shelburne Harbour, Barrington Harbour, Yarmouth Harbour, Annapolis Basin, Port Williams, Harbourville, (Kings Co.) Tatamagouche Bay, Pictou Harbour, Antigonish Harbour. Musquodoboit Hrbaour IN CAPE BBJilTON ISLAND^ Sydney Harbour, Mainadieu Harbour, Louisburg Harbour, Gabarus Harbour, Ariehat Harbour, 4 Fi 70. W 71. 11 W . is f 72. Fi Ship Harbour, Port Mulgrare, Port Hood, Margarie Harbour, St. Ann's Harbour, 70. What is said of Halifax Harhour ? It is one of the finest in the world. Principal Capes. 65. IH,nd out on the Slap the following Capes^ Cape North, Cape George, Cape Sable, Cape Split, Cape Canso, Cape Chiegnecto, Cape Sambro, Lingan Head, Cape Blomidon, Cape Breton. 72. For what are Cape Noi-ih and Cnpe Sable remarJcalle T For 8torms and shipwrecks. Principal Mountains. 73. FHnd out on the Map the following' Mountains, lV i 73. W 74. Is 76. W 76. W I n. Fi RANGES. The Cobequid Mountains. The North " The South ** The Antigonish The Inverness 74. SINGLE MOUNTAINS. Mount Thom, Cape George, Cape Porcupine, Cape Blomidon Aspotogan. Which are the highest mountains in the Province T The Inverness Mountains, about 1,600 feet high. \ <( t( )our, »ur. our» 1 )our, 1 Dur, 1 » 70. vings Co.) Jajr, )our. rbaour 71. It )ur. 72. ^emarJcaUe f ins, NTAINS. 73. 74. 75. 76. i 77. wince T 00 feet high. ISLAXOS, LAKES, TOWNS, ETC. Ill Principal Islands. Find out on the map the following Islandi. Sable Island, Pictou Island, Cape Sable Island, St. Paul's Island, Long Island 6oulardari«, Locke's Isknd Isle Madame. Wha4 IS tliere remarkahle about Sable Islajid f It is noted for its ^vild ponies; also, as a very dangerous place for ships. What about St. FauVs fsland ? is rocky and stormy, and many shipwrecks happen there. Principal Lakes. Find mit on the Map the following Lakes. ci"^" u^'^K ^' T . V J In Halifax Co. Ship Harbour Lake ) Sherbrooke Lake In Lunenburg Co- Lake llossignol In Queen's Co. Tnsket Lakes In Yarmouth Co. Lake A inslie In Inverness C. B. Bras D'or Lake In Cape Breton. What is the largest Lake in the Province ? The Bras D'ok. Is it salt water ^ or fresh ? Salt — It is AN ARM OP THE SEA. What is the largest fresh-water Lake f Lake Rossignol, Queen's County. Which is the largest fresh-water Lake in Cape Breton I Lake Ainslie. Principal Towns and Villages. Find out on the Map the following Toions and Villages^ HALIFAX CITY, AMHERST, DARTMOUTH, PUGWASH, LUNENBURG TOWN, WALLACE, 3.IVERP00L, TATAMAGOUCHE, PORT MEDWAY, PICTOU TOWN, BKIDGEWATEH, new GLASGOW, BARKINGTON, ALBION MINES, SHELBURNE TOWN, WESTVILLE, ARGYLE, TRURO, YARMOUTH TOWN, UPPER STEWIACKE, WEYMOUTH, SHUBENACADIE, 16 TOWNS AND TILLAGES. V ' I I i i I DIGBY TOWN, ANNAPOLIS TOWN, BRIDGETOWN, LAWRENCETOWN, BERWICK, KENTVILLE, CANNING, WOLFVILLE, WINDSOR HANTSK)RT, PARRSBORO, MUSQUODOBOir, SHERBROOKE, ANTIGONISHE TOWN, PORT HOOD, MABOU, BADDECK, INGANISllE, U HE BAR, SYDNEY, ARICHAT, GUYSBORO. 18. Ncems the three largest T&wns in the Jh'ovince ?' Halifax, Yarmouth, and Pictou. 19. What is^tke Capital of the Fl'O'vince? Halifax, 80. Whoii is the population of Halifax ? About 30,000. 81 ► For what is Hatifax ^ioieett I^OT its noble Harbour, its strong Citadel, and i: extensive Dockyard and Shipping. 82. What is the population of Fidou and Yarmouth ? About 3,000 each. 83. For what are Pidou emd Yarmmiih natsd ? For their trade and shipping. 84. What is Winds&^r noted for f For its Gypsum or Plaster Quarries. 85. Whstt is Truro nQteHfor? For being the seat of the Norsnal SchosJ 86. How is Annapolis famous T As the ancient Capital of the Proviwee. It tt: fbrnierly called Port EoyaH. Co-anty^ Township, Town. 87. Distin>giiish an^ point out tlie following : — Halifax County — Halitax Township — Halifax City— Pictou County— Pictou Township — Pictou Town — The Count-y of Halifax. The Townsliip of Halifax. The Ciw of Halifax. The County of Piston. The Townshfp of Pietou^ The Town of Pictou. Cape Breton Island — The Island of Cape Breton - Cai)e Breton. County — The Couuty of Cape Bretuiii 07. I 98. i 100. 101» 102' 45 I j:xtent, douxdakies, etc. n TOWN, ■ ?' i.idel', and :-; iith ? 10 3^ iniee. It w; lalifax. if Halifax, ifjix. •^ieton. )f Pietou* cto;*. ape Bretnrr. Cape Bretuiii Lunenburg County — The County of Lunenburg^. Lunenburg' Township — The Townsliip of Luncnburj^. Lunenhurj^ Town — Tlie Town of Lunenburg. Annapolis County — The County of Annapolis. Annapolis Town.^hip — 'JMie Township of Annapolis. Annapolis ToAvn — The Town of Annapolis. yarmouth County — The County of Yarmouth. Yarmouth Township — The Township of Yarmouth, yarmouth Town — The Town of Yarmouth. Antigonishe County — The C'ounty of Antigonislie. Antigonishe Township — The Township of Anti;!:onishe. Antigonishe Town — The Town of Antigonishe. Digby County — The County of Digl)y. Digby Township — Tiie Township of Digby. Digby Town— Tin Town of Digby. Guy^boro County — Tiie County of Guysboro. Guysboro Townshij) — Tlie Townsliip of Guysboro. Guysboro Town — 'Hie Town of Guysboro. Shelburnc County — The County of Shelburne. Sliell)urne Townsliip — Tiie Township of Shelburnc. Shelburne Town — The Town of Slielburne. 88. What is your niitive County? 8'.b Wiiat is vour native Township? 90. Wliat is your native ])lnee ? i)l. What county do you belong to? 92. What township do you belong to? 93. Wliat place do you belong to? 91. AVhat county are you now in? 9.">. What township are you now in ? 9(3. What city arc you now in? 1 Extent, Boundaries, &c. 07. ^Vhai is ihe lengih and hrradth of ilte Province ? J^lts greatest length is HDO miles, and its breadth varies * ' from K)(.) to MO miles. OS. How is it hounded on ike Norili. ,' a By the Bay of Fundy, Cliignecto Bay, Xew Brunswick, ^ Tsorthum1)erland Strait, and tiie Gulf of St. Lawrence. •9. M'hat hounds Xova Scotia on the South ? 100. What hounds it on the Uasi? 101" What hounds it Oil the West? 102. How IS it hnurdedon the South, Hast, and West * By the Atlantic Ocean. 18 EXTKNT, BOUNDARIES, ETC. 103. On how many sides is Nora Scotia hounded by the sea f 104. ^Vhat is the popidation of the Province f About 380,000. For what is Nova Scotia noted ? Coi 105. For its extensive coast and numerous good harbour | jj., its coal, plaster, iron, gold and other minerals; shipbuilding jind its fisheries. lOG. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. lie. 117. 118. What separates Cape Breton from Nova Scotia proper The Gutof Canso. What Counties lie on the Bay of Fimdy ? (See Map). What Counties lie on the Northinnherland Strait What Counties lie on the Gulf Coast ? What Counties he on the Atlantic coast f What Counties lie on the Strait of Canso ? M'^hat County borders on New Brunswick f What is the N. E. extremity of Nova Scotia * Cape North. What is the S. W. extremity of it f Cape Sable. Where is Sablk Island? For what is it remarkable f For its Avild ponies ; also for shipwrecks dangerous place for ships . For what is Capk North remai'kable? For its storms. What about Cape Sable ? It is a dangerous place for ships.- It was there t 2 Pi. 8C'] ' 4 Co 6 In CLui 7Cui 8Kii 9 Ha OAn lYai 12Anl 3Dij 4Gu; 5 Kic Itis6Sh( 7Vi( 8Qu. Com steamer " Hungarian " struck, and was lost, with all on boaii jx 2 Pic 5 Sv( 119. Of what country does Nova Scotia form ai^artf Of the Dominion OF Canada. 120. When was the Dominion of Canada formed ? On the 1st of July, 1807. 121. What Provinces are included m the Dominion t _, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebe" *^" 122. Of what does the Dominion of Canada form a part? Of British Ambuica. 123. Of what does British America form a part ? ' ^^^ Of the British Empire. 124. Who is the Head or Chief Kuler of the British Empuj^xii\ Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, 125. W here does the Queen reside ? Am In London, England. 12<>. Who is the Governor of Nova Scotia ? Ker 127. Who is the Goveunor-Gbnkral of the Dominion? I by the sea f TABULAR VIEW. TABULAR VIEW OF NOVA SCOTIA. 19 CountiPH. good harbour j Halifax, . r minerals; i Fictoi*. . . . 8 C'l) Breton 'coiia proper ! 4 Colchester 5 Inverness, Popnia, TowiiHlilps. (See Map) Strait f f t ia wrecks 6Lunenbur[f TCuniberlnd 8 Kings, . . . 9 Hants, . . . Annapolis, 1 Yarmouth, l2Antigonish 3 Digby, 4 Guysboro', 5 Kichmond, It isBSheUmrne, 7 Victoria, . 8 Queens, . . 49,000 29,000 21,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 15,000 13,000 13,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 C Halifax, Dartmouth, Lawrencetown, ( Preston. rictou, Egerton, Maxwelton. Sydney, St. Tatrick's, St. Andrew's. Truro, Onslow, Londonderry, Stirling. Port Hood, Canso, Margarie, Ainslie. CJK'Ster, Lunenburg, New Dublin. Andierst, Wallace, Parrsb(*ro'. Ilorton, Cornwallis, Aylesford. C Falmouth, Windsor, Newport, Rawdon, ( Douglas, Kempt, Maitland. Clements, Annapolis, Granville, Wilmot. Yarmouth, Argyle. C Antigonigh, Arisaig, Tracadie, St. An- ( drew's. Digby, Clare. Manchester, Guysboro', St. Mary's. Arichat, Maitland, Lennox, llawkesbury. Barrington, Shelburne. Sydney, St. Patrick s, St. Andrew's. Liverpool, Guysboro'. County Towns. [t was there t ith all on boarj Halifax City, . . I part? 3i 2PictouTown, . ^"^' 5 Sydney irio, and Quebf Truro, )rm a part ? ^ 1 . , ■ Port Hood, . . . irt 7 ' British Empv Lunenburg Tn, Amherst, Ke ntvillc, . . . . Dominion ? Villages and Settlements. Dartmouth, Bedford, Sackville, Upper Musquodoboit, Middle Musquodoljoit, Chczetcook, Tangier, Margaret's Bay. C New Glasgow, Albion Mines, Durham, ( Greenhili, River John, Merigomish. The Bar,Lingan,Louisburg, Little Bras d'Or. Clifton, Tatamagouche, Great Village, Folly, Economy, Five Islands, Upper Stewiacke, Middle Stewiacke. Mabou, Ship Harbour, Plaster Cove, Whykokomagh, Broad Cove, Margarie, Lake Ainslie. C Chestor, Bridgewater, New Ross, New X Germany, New Dublin, Petite Riviere. ( Pugwash, Wallace, Parrsboro', Minudie, ( Maccan, West Chester. ( Wolfville, Canning, Billtown, Berwick, ( Somerset, Williamsport, Can.'\rd. I'l 'f I } I ? I 1. Hi i i ' 20 T..ia'i,Aii vir:\v. County Towns. Villagi'tt ami Scttleinent^. 1) Wi nils or,, . . 10 Annapolis Tn, 11 Yiirniouth Tn, 12 Antigoi.ish Tn, II;intsj>ort, Maitljiml, Walton, Kcnni'tcod JJrooklyn, The (ioro, N.M, liivcr, No' 7 T ... Ii lionfcL-w, Slnil)C'n:ic'!i(liL'. ^ Brid^'i'town, J.iiwrencotown, Paradi* ^V ( C!ak'(lonia, Middli'ton, Cloniontsport. ' Tuskc't, Hebron. Johou^no, Arjryk'. >t, ^ St. Andrews, J.ittle Jviver, Tracadic, II' j ' ( Itoiir liouelie. ' j , o ^^• 1 n^ S Weyoioiith, Westnort, Ililldburg, IV i, 13 1)i'nv lown, . < ,;. nt ^ »' . lU =■ -^ \\ l^iver, Monten'iin. xr , or- 1 ' 'P., I C Slierbrooke, Catiso, Port MulLrrave. •^ ■ \ ( GlenelL' C.aledoiua. II Aricliat LittU' Aricdiat, Diseouse, Bourj^eois. . To W ,~ai n rv \ IJarrnifjton, Locdce s Island, Jordan Ki\ \v l.)SMelburue Jn, < „ , ,'' ,,.' ' * J' j I Sable Iviver, , ^yi ITBadJeck, Kni;lisli Town. St. Ann's, Middle River. ' ^Wi ,oT- 1 ( Milton, MillVilhme, Brookfield, llarni(i, W'l 18 Jiiver])ool,. . . . < t. ^ at i Vi i i • JL '■ ' ^ Port Medway, C/aledonia. ^^'^\ ^ WI WI Wi Foi w Foi W WI Foi WH Wh Do 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. r.. 7. 8. 0. 10. 11. 12. 13. U. 15. 10. 17. 18. 15). 20. Examination Questions. What is tbo name of tliis country? Was it always so called? What was tlio oriijjina]. name of this country? Wiiat is the meaninix of the name Nova Scotia? How did It receive this name ? How old is Nova Scotia? When was Nova Scotia llrst discovered, and by whom By wjjom was it first settled? Does It still belonjj to the Frencli ? To whom does Nova Scotia now ])elong? When did the British obtain final possession of it? What is the Capital of Nova Scotia? AVhen M'as the city of Halifax founded and by whom? How old is Halifax now? How did it receive its name? Wliat was the ancient Cai)ital of tlie ProTince? By whom was Annapolis founded? When? What two countries form the Province of Nova Scotia In which of these are we now? To which of them ^"* you belong? Na. WI Wh Wh Wh Wh WJi Wh Wh Int Int c WrKSTlONS, 01 ent'^. I .Ws Nova Scotia Propor nn Islaml? . Were Nova Scotia rrojjcr and Capo Breton ul\v;iy3 one " IVoviiice? on, Kcnnctcoo^ -^yi,,.,^ ^^.,.,.^. j,,^,^, „nit.Ml? .M. liivLT, xSoi^ '\\>\\ iiu- the name of your native rnimfi/ f L'. Ill what direction does it lie from here? own, Para(h'^ Civii mi' the names of the Towns and Vir.LAGF.s of your C'lemontsport. „^^.,^ coantv? ;Vrj:ylc. _, Xatno the 'r.IwNsini-s of it? Into how many ('otntiks is Nova Scotia Proper divided? Into how many Connties is Cape Preton Island divided? IIow many Cinmties in the whole Province ? Kame them. Tiacadie, II Ilillsburg, P' )rt Mnlgrave. ourjxeois. 8. Tell me the principal (Joi-d DnicrxciS in the Province? Whfit are tiie principal Coal Minks? nd, Jordan Ki\. Wliere are there Ikon Minks? , AViiere is Coitku found? Middle River. , "Wliere are there laru'e Plastkr QrARRiKS? okfield, llarnK, What connty is noted lor (Jrintlstone quarries? nia. Wliat county is noted for its Ai>itj:s and Ciieksk? What county is noted for its Potatoes, IlAvanil Fiiurr? Wliat counties are noted for Siiiimjuildixg ? Whi(!h are noted for the Fisiikkies ? For what is Hanth noted? What is Yakmoi'TII noted for? For what is Pictou connty noted? What is CoLCHESTKii noted for? What is LiTXENBi'ur, noted for? Digby? Cumbeuland? For what is Cape Bhkton noted? md by whom? What do you know about Couxv/allis? Why is it so called? Do yon know anything particular about Ilorton? try? Jcotia? sion of it? ad by whom Name some of the principal Kivers in Nova Scotia Winch is the largest? Where does the Shl-bexacadie flow into? Where does Lallave River How into? Where does the East Kiver of Pictou flow into? Where does St. Mary's l^iver empty? Where does the Coi:nwam-is Piver empty? Where does the Stewiacke IIiver flow into? }f Xova Scotui:WhQTc does the Musquodoboit Kiver tiow into? Into what water does the Axxapolis Piver run? Into what water docs the Margarie River run? )Yince? en? i ''' .J 1 I * n.ll 99 QUESTION'S. C,2. Montion snnio of ihc principal Bays? r»3. Which is tho hirjrest? (IL How is the IJay of Fnndy rtMiiarkaldc? (15. Name some of the IlAunoirus on tho Athmtic cOiast? r»(]. Mention some Ilarhours on tne Gulf Shore? (17. Name sonie on the Bay of Fundy shore? i\'S. Name some on tlie Gut ot Canso? r»0. Mention some in Cape Breton ? 70. What is said of Halifax Ilarhour? 71. Can you tell the principal Capks of the Province? 72. Can you mention the principal Mountain.s? 73. Which are the hi':chest? 74. What do you know ahout Capk Samle? 75. What about Cai'b North? 7f>. Tell me the names of a few Islands? 77. What is there remarkable about Sable Island? 78. What about St. Paul's Island? 79. Name some of the principal Lakes in the Province? 80. Which is the largest Lake in the Province? 81. Is it salt water or fresh? 82. Which is the Xixv^Qi^t fresh-water lake? 83. Which is the larjiest fresh-water lake in Cape Breton?. 84. In what county is Windsor situated ? 85. In which county is Truro situated? 80. In which county is Dartmouth situated ? 87. AVhere are New Glasgow, Bridj;rewater, Liverpool ? 88. Where are Arpiyle, Amherst, Lawrencetown, Kentvill 81). In which counties are the following: places : — Weym Berwick, Canning, Wolfville, Windsor, Bridge; Ilantsport, Parrsboro, Pugwash, Wallace, Tat gouche, AVestville, Stewiacke, Shubenacadie, k Mines, Musquodoboit, Shcrbrooke, Port Hood, M Baddeck, Sydney, the Bar, Arichat, Barrington. )9. i •4. «. 7. 8. X X L J. I. ^ ^ \ \ . II w M W Vi F( W Of w w Of Ot w w w w w 00. Name the three largest Towns in the Province? 01. What is the population of Halifax? 02. What is the population of Picxou and Yarmouth? 03. For what are they noted ? 04. For what is Windsor noted ? 95. What is Truro noted for ? 9G. How is Annapolis Town famous ? 07. What is the length and breadth of tho Province ? 98. IIow is it bounded on ihe North ? 1 QtJESTlOX.S. 23 vntio coast? )9. WInt l)oun(ls Nova Scotiii on the South ? >0. Wliut l)()un«ls it on iheEnstf )l. Whiit bounds it on the West * >2. I low is it liouniU'd on the Soutli, Kast and West .' ►3. On how many sides is Nova vScotia l)()unded by the sea .• •4. What in the po])ubition of the Proviuc ? '5. For what is Nova Scotia noted ? Province? INS? (?. What separates Capo Breton from Nova Scotia Proper? 7. What counties lie on the Bay of Fundy ? (See nup). 8. Whicl» counties lie on the Northumberland Strait? d. What counties lie on the Gulf coast? }. Which counties lie on the Atlantic Const? I. What counties lie on the Strait of Canso, east side ? J. Which counties lip on the Gut of Canso, west side ? \, What county borders on New Brunswick ! :. How are Xova Scotia and New Brunswick connected? '. What i.- lie North-eastern extremity of the Trovinco of Nova Scotia 'i . What is the South-western extremity of it? . Where is Saulb Island ? . For what is it remarkable ? L Cane Breton?. For what is Catk Noutii remarkable ? ^ *" What about Capk Saule ? Island? he Province? nee? ■, Liverpool ? letown, Kentvill ilaces :— Weym indsor, Bridjjc: Wallacp, Tai [hubenacadie, A , Port Hood, M |at, Barrington. Province ? Yarmouth ? Of what country does Nova Scotia form a part ? When was the Dominiox of Canada formed? What Provinces are included in the Dominion ? Of what does the Dominion form a part ? Of what does British America form a part ? Who is the Cuikf Uumcr of the British Empire ? Where does \\va\ Majesty resipa Jer ius 'ru tall C •1 Jos IrelaiNew ;t. Quebec. Ontario. *re(| ^orfl iSTcAv BruiLswIck. r. E. I.>lnn(l. Nova Scotia. 2.a NcwfoundlainL iue| foi »tts 'orJ 'hal t. 'hill I'nitc'd States. .Mexico. l^cruuida. West Indies. 'uri South Am,-,''"! hir nd EX ERA I. Ci F.OOnAPHV. 25 EXUI.ANTD. (LOKnON.) EOfiMPHY. IRKT.ANTD. (UI 15HN.; WALES. (SW VNiiEA.) P. ;ar about. )f General GeoRrn sationa) way— by k. -i followintr places, i-|Onu*)j), or Ix'iiit: ciu-ofiil jifitj-^dinburgh, icmorablo and eli;Jui)ii,i^ 1 fitted to awaken i- •„„,„„ i itles in their niiiKU^^^erp'J'J^ .SCOTLAND. (EDIMJLUGH.) PLACES IN THK MOTHER COUNTRY. Birmingluiiii, vStaffonlsliirt', Lcincashire, ^lanchester, -f NOVA SOO-jreat Britain, (HALIFAX ,.gj.^j^,,^ 'ranco, »pain, xernianv, {ussia, *russia, taly, n scwfoundlantL 5o m J Oslo n. IrelaiNew York, ;t. John, N.B. 'Vedericton, *ortIand. IvFo. )uebec, lontreal, •ttavva, 'oronto, 'harlottetown, Leeds, Pai^ioy, Diiudoe, Bcdtasr, Sheffield, I' L A C E S IN Greece, Turkev, Bel^^'iuni, Ho Hand, Switzerhmd, Pohmd, lluni,nirv, Sweden, PLACES IN "Washington, Baltimore, Cincinnati, New Orleans, Chiea'^o, San Francisco, St. Louis, JNIexico, Panama, Kio Janeiro, Cornwall, Newcastle, Oxford, Camljrid'^p . EUROPE. Paris, t. John'?, N.r.L. Valparaiso, 'hiladelphia, -nuida. t Indies. 'alestinc, 'urkey, c. n i ,,,-rabia, South Ani,,^.^^^^' ndia, Cape Horn, PLACES IN Jaoan, Lust Intlies, (Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Pome, St. PetershMirg:, Berlin, Amsterdam, Venice, Vienna, Constantinople. A n E R I C A . British America, Canada, British Columbia, United States, The Northern States The Southern States' California, New England, The West Indies, Brazil, Peru, Chili. A S I A . Jeddo, Pekin, Nankin, Mecca, Jerusalem. 2G GENERAL GEOGRAXIIV. PLACES IN AFRICA. Egypt. Cairo. Alexandria. Abyssinia. Suez. Algiers. Morocco. Guinea. Capo of Good Hope. Cape Town. Madagascar. St. Helena. PLACES IN OCEANIA. Australia. New Zealand. New Guinea. Sydney. Tasmania. New Hebrides Melbourne. Borneo. Sandwich Islai 1 T T Q LEADING PLACES ^-c. OP INTEREST. I. America is the part of the world in which wc live. Asia is the largest continent on the globe. Europe is the smallest continent. Africa is the driest and warmest continent. The Pacific is the largest ocean on the globe. The Atlantic is the stormiest ocean. The Polar Regions are the coldest part of the earth. The Tropics are the hottest part of the earth. The Himalayas are the highest mountmns in the worl T] L( M 3i E^ The Amazon is the largest river in the world. Lake Superior is the largest lake in the world. The Victoria Falls, in South Africa, are the grcaQj waterfall in the world. ^ The Falls of Niagara are the most celebrated in world. The Sahara is the greatest desert in the world. AusiRALiA is the large^^ island in the world. ^j- Cape Horn is the most dangerous cape in the world, jj^ The Bay of Fundy has the greatest tides in the world.jjj The Bay of Naples is said to be the finest in the worl^^ The Dead Sea is the most remarkable water in the wOjjj The Mammoth Cave of Kentucky is the most remar^,^ cavern in the world. j.^ Palestine is the most interesting country in the worUlg^i Jerusalem is the most interesting city in the world. "^ GENERAL GEOGTvArHY. 2T )f Good Hope lown. jascar. ?lena. I A. New Guinea. II. The Pyramids of E^^ypt are the highest buildings in the ■ world. St. Peter's, at Home, is the largest church in tlio world. The Crystal Palace, at London, is the largest glass structure in the world. The Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world. The Victoria Bridge, at Montreal, is the longest tubular bridge in the world . New llebridos rpup Pacific Railroad is the longest railway in the world. Sandwich Ishurpjjj., q^p^at Eastern is the largest vessel in the world. Gibraltar is the strongest fortress in the world. ITT. The British Empire is the greatest in the world. London is the greatest city in the world. Manchester is the greatest city for cotton mamifactures in the world. Birmingham is the greatest place for hardware in the world. Sheffield is the greatest place for cutlery. Staffordshire is the greatest place for pottery. "Tewcastle has the most famous coal mines in the world. jLAsgom' is famed for building steamers and machinery . jEEds is famous for its woollen cloths. !*AISLEY is famous for its shawls and thread. )undee and Belfast are noted for their linen manufactures. - - )xroRD and Cambridge are famous for their universities . tains in the worU^j^jj(,^5.jjjjjj, j^ famous for cotton manufactures. volcano in the >^o''obnwall is noted for its tin mines. e world. .iverpool is one of the greatest ehipping places in the he world. world, ca, are the gi^^^ONDON is one of the greatest shipping places in the world. . LASGOW is one of the greatest shipping places in the )st celebrated in ^orld. EW York is one of the greatest shipping places in the ,he world. world. world. altimore is the greatest tiour-market in the world. e in the world, incinnati is the greatest pork-market in the world, des in the w'orlajjjjj3jjj^(.jj j^ ^^j^^ of the finest cities in the world. Unest in the worl4jjjg jg ^i^^ largest city in Europe, except London. J water in the wOjjjjjq jg ^\^^ largest city in Asia, he most reuiar%nio is the largest city in Africa. ECCA is noted as the birth-place of Mahomet. xtry in the worUt-^jjiCE is remarkable for being built on 82 Island?. / in the world. CBHE3T. lich we live. )be. inent. globe . art of the earth. ,e earth. (I ! t il r.t: .\ if |: l\ ■ ■i! 1 li 1 . 28 GENERAL GEOnRAI'IlV. 68. Amstktjdam is romarkablc for l)C'in!Jf Iniilt on ]llc'.5. rj. Italy is one of the nioii-t beautiful countries in the Wi ()0. Ko.MK is one of the nio.'^t famous cities in tlie worid. Gl. St. rKTKUSBUKG is one of the most splendid cities : v.'orld . 02. China is the most populous country in the -woild. 03. Holland is the lowest-lvinital of Kova vScotia. Halifax li is one of the finest harbours in the world. 77. Fredericton is the caj)ital of Xow Brunswick, lii John is the largest city. 78. CiiARLOTTETOWN is the capital of Trince Edward Ish' 70. St. John's is the cai)ital of Newfoundland. 80. QuEREC is the capital of the Province of Quebec. 81. Toronto is the capital of Ontario. 82. Washington is the Capital of the United States. Y. 83. Great Britain is famous for its wenlth and power. 84. Ireland is noted iov potatoes. 85. France is noted for wines and silks. 86. Spain is noted for oranges and raisins. 87. Sweden is famed for its iron. 88. Brazil is famous for its diamond mines. 89. Peru is famous for its silver mines. 90. C^hili is famous for its copper mines. 91. California is noted for its gold mines. 92. Australia is also noted for its gold, mines • 93. The Southern States are noted for cotton, ; tobacco. 94. NEwrouNDLAND Is noted for its cod and seal Jisheri ti i< K U )i IC GENERAL GEOGRAFHV 29 Innlt on ]ilc'?- The West lNDif:s are noted for sugar and molasses ^untries in the wo: Tin: East I.m>iks ;n'e noted for spias. ics in the world China is tlio countrv wu uct /af- from ■ splendid cities i: Tirkky is the country we get rojfce from. Araiua is noted for its fine horses. MoKorfo is famed for its line lenther. Egypt is famous for its ^'vramids. St. Hklkxa is noted as the place wlicre Napoleon I. was imprisoned and died, •ountries in the v Nkw CiUIxea is notetl tor its T>irds ot rarndiso. 1 'st educated cuu: BoitNKo is noted for its ;j,reat Ape, called the ouraiig' oidaug. ■ in the Avorld. V in the world. [s country. 1 countries in the v. Vr. COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS. ncriea. America, er in America. )untrie.s. Capitiils. Countries. ains in America -and . n America. ^-^nd iuhest in North Air.VND . dtish America. ce . Vmerica. ^ "• Kcotia. Halifax li;rANY n the world L(mdoii Edinburi^h .... Duhhn .' Paris Madrid Frankfort [A j8t. Petersburg- ew Brunswick, 1)'31A iPerlin )EN Stoekhohn . . 'rince Edward Isl (undland. Ince of Quelx'.c. • • • • • • • • V United States . ealtii and power ':s. isin?- mines * if . es. lines. )ld mines • ted for cotton, . diome CE I Athens Er j Constantinople [UM llJrussels A.ND ! Amsterdam . . . :erlaxi). ! Berne m 'Warsaw ArsTniA United States BuiT, Amekica Brazil L I'-KI •••• • •••• ("nil. I Cni)ituls. Vienna Wtishington Ottawa Kio Janeiro Lima Santiago Palestine .... |Jenisaleni China Pekin Inkia Calcutta AuAiuA lAL'cca Japan 'Vei'.do Egypt 'Cairo 1 I ( Svdnev and Australia.... i \r iC I .Melbourne Xew ZEALAXD'Auckland Tasmania . . . . illobart Town VIL EXERCISES ON THE MAP OR GLOBE. low me on the map the way from here to your place. low on the map tlie wa}^ from Halifax to Boston. low on the map the way from Halifax to Sydney, by land. low the wav by sea. low the way you would go from Halifax to New York. low the way youAvould ^xo from Halifax to Newfoundland. .low the way you would i>o from Halifax to P. E. Island. ' )int out one wav from Halifax to St. Sohn, N. B. W ana seal fisheri^" ^"''""''- ^™> >"«" "''' 6° • iil " in't.r ( 30 10. 11. 12. i;5. 14. 15. ir>. 17. 18. It). 20. 21. 22. 2.). 2k 2.5. 20. 27. 28. GENERAL GEOGRAl'HY. Lot nic see how you woiiltl go from here to Quebec. Toint out the way to Montreal. Point out another way. Sliow how you can go from Halifax to Ottawa. Point out the shortest way to Ottawa. Point out the way to Toronto. Sliow how you would go from here to England or Sco Show how 3'ou would go from here to the West Ihdi( Show the way by land, from here to California. Show the way by sea, from New York to San Francis Show how 3'^ou would go from Halifax to Australia. Point out the way to New Zealand from here. Show which way you would go to Ireland. What way would you go from Halifax to India or Ch Point out the shortest route from England to India. Point out the shortest route from New York t( Francisco . Show the shortest route from Halifax to British Colu How would you go from here to the H(dy Land. Show how you could sail round the world. VIII. DISTANCES OF PLACES FROM HALIFAX. IN NOVA SCOTIA, MM «J To Windsor, by railway. " Truro " *( Miles. . . 45 .. 61 ..113 ..lOG Pictou, New Glasgow " Antigonish, rail& coach, 152 Guysboro', by coach. . .132 Canso Ferry, 189 Sydney, by sea, 200 To Amherst " Annapolis, ■ *' Digby, by land.. .. '* Lunenburg, by coac " Liverpool, '* " Shelburne, " '' Yarmouth, *' I i IN OTHER PROVINCES. : •.; a n To St.John,N.B.,byland310 " " " rain to Windsor and stea- > 150 mer across the Bay. j St. John's, N.F.L. ) g^^ by sea, > CharlottctowD, P. E . I . . 160 To Fredericton, N.B., up the St. John Riv, Quebec, about... Montreal, over... Ottawa, about... Toronto, about. ... British Columbia.. a li a i r. GEKERAI. nFooRAnrv ol crc to Quebec IN OTHEU I'AUTS OF THE WOULD. o Ottawa. (( Joston, U.S., by sea.. 430. ..About Ih days sail by st'nir. Tew York, •• ..(WO... " o days sail by st'mcr. ^harU'ston, S.C.,...1.50{). .. " 7 '' TewOrleans, 1,800... " 8i " , ti^Mi ennudii, 900... " 4r o England or b^oti.^erpool, q.j^ 5,000. . .10 or 12 to the West ^-'^^^^ :elboiirnc,AustralialG,000. ..3 or 4 months by sailing vcs. California. . alcutta, India 20,000. . .4 or o rk to San I^ra^cisCj^inj^^ by Cape, . . . .23,000. . .5 or (5 't'^Z'h^f '"^ PT^^'?' 1 . . .3,500. . .11 days by rail and coach, from nere. verland,N.l . > ' ' -^ iCx wtdia or Cl.-.!»^;7;«:t':'';.';f \ C,700. . .About 3 weeks journey. T^ll" ^'^^Z:^ I -^000. . .About 3 week, or a n.onth. u r \ P® Horn, about . .11,000. . . Abot 6 or G wks sail by st'mr. British ^ouu ^^ ^^^j jj^ ^ .0,000. . .About a months sail by st'mr. (4 ii fax to ic Holy Land. le world. Hop IX. COMPARATIVE SIZES OF PLACES. EW Glasgow, Lunenburg, and LivERrooL arc about the same size as Dartmouth. 'ROM HALIFAX, [elburne and Guysroro' are about the same size as Windsor. iHERST and Antigonisiik are about the size of Truro. GBY is about the same size as Annapolis. BMOUTH is about tiie same size as Pictou. mherst, ^ ^ arlottetown and Fredericton are about twiee the size nnapolis, -^ -^ " ^^ Picxou . ligby, by ^ ** 1, ^ is about 10 times as larj^c as Pictou. lunenburg, by coacu liverpool, Ihelburne, I ar mouth? lifax ii :es. 5 times as large as Ciiarlottetown or Fredericton. BBEC and Toronto are nearly iivice as large as Halifax. 5 ^^ twice as large as Quebec or Toronto. ( is four times as large as Halifax. JTON is C times as large as Halifax. f is about six times larger than Boston. "■ York J ^^ between 30 and 40 times larger than Illfx. J has as many people as the four Maritime •r u t "' tl*rovinces put together. ^uebec, aboui. • • * ' i,qjj jg three times as large as New York. Montreal, over ^^^^ contains nearly as many people as the whole ttawa, about Dominion of Canada . oronto, about..." ritish Columbia..' [redericton, N.B.,1 ip the St. John Riv, n ! I! I 'F » 32 GEXKKAL (^.KOCniAl'IIV. X. REL VTIVE POSITIOXS OF TLACES. Note. — lu coMnectioti witli tlio following cxcrcif^os tin- pupil taught the iiiini'-s of tlic Icailir'i,' i)')'uit.s of tlie compass, and pi jipplyiiitf tlu-m to tlic? relative positi.itis of tlte ol>jeet.-i around liii as tlio situations of tiie principal bnildiims and places in tli( ju'igliboiirhood in relaliuu to t!ie Institution, and to eacli otliei', QUESTIOXS. 1. 'fn -Nvlial (juarter does the sun rise '' 2. In wliat (juarter does it set "^ o. In what quarter is the wind to-day ? 4. In wliat (liroction docs your home lie from here? o. In what direction does Dartmouth lie from JIalita: (}. In what direction does Halifax lie from DartmoutI 7. In what direction does tlie sun move every day? 8. From what quartar do the cold and snow come ? 'J. From what quarter does the warm weather come? 10. How does New Brunswick lie from here ? 11. How does Prince Edward Island lie from here ? 12. How does Cape Breton lie from here? 13. In what direction do Ontario and Quebec lie from 14. In what direction do the United States lie from he 15. In what direction do the AVest Indies lie from hci^ 16. In what direction do the Arctic Ke£?ions lie from h 17. In what direction does Europe lie from here? 18. How does Great Britain lie from here ? 19. How does Xewfounilland lie from here ^ 2 ). How does Bermuda lie from here r HI I i •IIY. OF rLACES. i-xcrcif^es tlie pupil '1- le compiis^, iitul l)f;i , ivn-l pl:iCH-« in t1". iin«Uo c'iicli ollHi. OENERAL OEOGKAPHY. 38 e lie from bore ? h lit' from HalituN ie from Dartmoiuli TIIK OLD WOULlJ AND THE NEW WORLD. Mr came from Scotland. Scotland is in the World, far, far away across the sea. iV\' are living in Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia is in the World. Tills i< called the Now World because it was discovered about 4U0 years ago. OhrifJtopher Columbus discovered The Old World is ai;out 8000 miles across the sea from You can t;o there in a steamer in 8 or 10 days. Steam- ijovo every day? )ring the mails from Liverpool to Halifax every fortnight. \nd snow come? The Atlantic 0(!ean lies between the Old World and the lui weather como ? . It is very, very deep, and often very stormy. L-om here ? ^ There are several telegraphic cables stretching across the d lie from here • ^^10, under the sea, from Europe to America, for sending ^ here? ages from the one to the other in a few minutes. id Quebeclie frovn jj^^j^^pj.^ ^^^^ .^^,^1 Afkica belong to the Old World ; I States lie trom ^^^^h America and South America belong to the New World Indies lie from uci __ . ,. xr *i i • %r j 111UH.O r„^„-, ii xou are natives ot North America. Mr and Uegions lie iiom i lie Vrom here ? m here ? n\\ here ? }re and Mr are natives of Europe. are born Americans. They are Europeans. Long ago America was peopled wholly by the Red Men idians. Afterwards, Europeans came across the sea in , and cut down the woods, and shot the bears, and wild 8, and fought the Indians ; and made farms, and built in America; and grew and multiplied. Now the poor ns are few, and fast dying out. They live in the prairies Drests of the far West. Sometimes they attack the white e and burn their houses, and kill or scalp the men, women hildren. But our Indians in Nova Scotia are quite harm- nd peaceable. There is a Railroad now, through the prairies, forests, lountains, all the way across North America, from New to San Francisco. You can cross the Continent now in seven days. For- it took many weeks or months to travel across it by — often with great danger trom the wild Indians. America is noted for its great lakes and rivers, and its orests and prairies. South America is noted for its diamond and gold ; its mighty river Amazon ; its vast pampas covered n\A cattle and wild horses ; and its forests full of mon- apes, serpents, parrots, and wild beasts. V^^ki S4 QENERAT, OEOGRAriTr. NORTH AMERICA.* i'i II il' fMllW n ( i ui i Hh Ml i 14. North America is tho upper half of the New \ts. and South America is tho h)wcr half of it. li), 15. North America is the part of the world ve are inJn 16. A Inrcfe part of North America helonus to our QilO. the Queen of Great Britain — it is called Hkitish N. A.m. 17. Another large part of North America helongs -ri United States. 1. 18. Which offhese Itvo pniis are we in ? We are init < America. We are in Nova Scotia; and Nova Scotia 12. to British America. 3. 19. Tho United States lie alongside of Rritish Amio They once helonged to the British, butrehelled about lr-Gi. is He is ajjpointed by tli(> Queen. Nova >. belongs to the Dominion of Ciinada. Wo are in the Done We are under the Governor-General, lie rules over tl minion for the Queen. We must obey him as we obt Queen. 22. The West Indies are very hot. We get srigi\y tnoJasses from them. Pine-aiiples, oranges, sugai'-ca:^^ other nice fruits grow there plentifully. Tobacco and ru come from there. Many of the West India Islands bel the British. 23. Beumuda is the place where the British Admin, from Halifax every winter with his fleet. It is a war.g beautiful climate — no snow or ice there. 24. Greenland is a very very cold country— snow n all the time. The natives are dwarfs. They dress in skins and live in snow- huts. They are so fond of fat. tlu sometimes eat candles. n THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 25. Nova Scotia is a Province of the Dominion ofC 26. New Brunswick is a Province of the Dominion. n II * See page 24. G KN ERA L K0(} R A P flY . 86 \7. (^tF.nr* is a Provino' of rlio Donnmon. ilf of tlic New ^8. < >NTAi;i(> i.-. ji I'rovinro of the Dominion, "it^ •«). ill peon's 1>.\y 'Ikuihtouy or l{i:PKin'8 Land is a pnrt world we arc in.Jie j>(»u\ini()n. elonas to ourQ'.O. I In- Noutii-\Vi:si TnuuiToin- iis a piirt of the Domin- HuiTisii N. A.M. Tin' Kki) liivEU Sktti.k.mknt is part of the North-West merica belongs Titor* . 1. ISunisii Coi-i'MHiA .ind VAXcorvKR's Inland are a iu ? We are in !t of the l)oniini(«n. \ Nova Scotia 12. Ni;u'koini>laM) is not vet a part oftlie Dominion. 3. ruiNcr. Ei)\VA)U> Isi.AMi is mjt yet n part of tlie Do- le of r»ritisli Ainion. ebelU'd about l<'i4. LAnr.ADoa is a jmrt of the Dominion, c. They have ri5. Tliere are ... l^rovinees in llie Dondnion of Canada, unt chosen by ti'as formed on tl..- 1st of didy, ISiST. J. QiKUKc is the hiryest, iiud V. K. Isi.axj) is the snialle.st • its silver mines le rioviuces. r. New Brunswick is tiie neaiisr to us. and liritish Colum- thc new name giis the f.u tiie^. away. New ljruuswi(.'i< lies* next to Nova mited in one confda. sent Governor-GL The United Stales ii. next to the Dofnitnon. le Queen. Nova >. The jtart of tlie United States nearest to us, is th« Ve are in tlie Done of Maixi;. lie r\des over tl V him as we oh PKOVINCKS OF THE DOMIXION. Nova Sf'oi'iA i? noted for its slliphuildin^^ its fisheries )t. We get s"5"old, its eoal, its jilasler, its iron, and other viiiverals ; also ■ojiges, sugar-cai^a fmit. Tobacco and ru Nkw JBulxswk k i^ noted for lumbering and shiphuild- [ndia Islands bel . P. E. Islaxi) i? noted for its oats »r\d poiatoes. e British Admir;; NKwrorxDi^AXi) is noted tor its cod and seal fisheries — eet. It is a war,egt j,i tj^e world. Lauuaix*!; is noted for the herring} fisher}/. country— snow a ^\^(. PnovixfE of Qn.uLc is nut-d iov him berinq, Hsh- They dress ^^ nd shiphmlfUiig. • o fond of tat. th. Ontahio is noied for its grain. It is one of the finest ng eouMtiies in tlie woiKi. A jireat den] (>i' our fiour s from ( )n!ario. CANADA. Hui'sox's Bay Teurit"ky is noted for its fms— for ing and huntin^y bearera. and other animals, for their furs. :he Dominion of C rp,!,, >^ ^y Tkuuitohy is noted for its fertile j)7'airies, of the Dominion. 4id i,,jff;,lo British Columbia and Van.couver'.s Islaxo an- uoted eir feitiio soil, line forests, and ric'i gold ininea. i I I i Niii W nil 36 GENERAL OEOORAPHT. CITIES OF THE DOMINION. 60. Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia. It is not its noble harbour, and stron}^ citadel. The Provincial 1q lature n>cets in Halifax. The Governor calso resides i; His residence is culled Governjiient House. Our Governor is Halifax has some called Governiiient iiouse. uur pr fine streets and many handsome and other buildings — as, Government House, the Pio\jj Building, the Post Office, the Court House, the Lunatiij lum, the Public Schools, Dalhousie College, the D(|' Dumb Institution, the Blind Asylum, the Poor House, &\^ 51. Chaulottktown is the cajutal of P. E. Island. ^^ pretty little town, with a good harbour. 62. St. John's is the capital of Newfoundland — not the fisheries. 63. Fkedericton is the capital of New Brunswid seat of the Legislature, and residence of the Governor, a nice little town, with a fine Cathedral. 54. Saint Joiix, N. B., is the largest city in New Qi wick. It is noted for its shipping and manufactures. ir 55. The City of Quebhc is the capital of the Proviei Quebec. It is a French city — the oldest city in Britishib rica. It has a very strong citadel like Halifax. 66. Montreal is the largest city in the Dominion, fr four times the size of Halifax. Noted for its great Vi Bridge across the St. Lawrence. 57. Ottawa is the capital of the Dominion. Noted b splendid Parliament Buildings. 58. Toronto is the capital of Ontario. It has a fird versity, and other handsome public buildings. rt 59. "Victoria is die capital of Vancouver and n Columbia. It i? .t lew town, not very large yet. 8 THE MOTHER COUNTRY.* 60. Most of the people of North America — of theSj States and the Dominion — came originally from Great I So Great Britain is called the Mother Country. It i;3, old world — in Europe. 61. England is part of the Mother Country. ^V part of it. Scotland is part of it. Ireland is part of it. are all called the Mother Country. Sometimes we; Mother Country "Old England," and the "Old Countroi ''■ Sec page 25. II r. NION. cotia. It is not GENERAL GEOGUAPHY. 37 2. Wo arc all i\w children of 01<1 England. She is our ther. Sill' protects us from our eniinii's. Wo must over cotia. It IS nor., Hjjd |,,,i,,)p Britain as onr Mother Country. rUe Provinciallj^ '11,,. ()i,i Country li<'> ini the ollu-r side of the At- ar also resides i|p ,|i„m, ^ooo niiles f. tun here. You can get there by ilouse. Our p',ner in >s or 10 days. The stfnnier brings piissengers and .TS niid nc\v; is tlie place where the mail steamers sail to n the Dominion. from. It is a very large city. It is a wonderful place for for its great Vj and steamers. It is famous for its splendid stone docks, 8 miles long, crowded with shipping. It lias a Deaf and ominion. Notedb School. . . . , Maxchi:ster is another very large city. It is the great- trio. It has a firdaee in the world for cotton goods. It is full of smoky ildings. ^***' crowded with people, busy spinning and weaving V'lncotiver and ti for clothing, to send to all parts of the world, lartre yet. Birmingham beats the world for hardware (as stoves, 8, fire-irons, fire-arms, metal buttons, &c.) TVTRY * Lkkds is a great place fur manufacturing woollen cloths. jN ilvi . Sheffikld is famed for its cutlery — its knives and forks, America of thes, scissors, shears, swords, ikn. lally from Great I Staffordshire is famed for its pottery— iU plates, er Country. It i-^» b<^wls, dishes, cups and saucers, &c. Lancashire is the greatest co^/o/i manufacturing coun- her Country. ^^• the world. land is part of it. Cornwall is famous for its tin mines. Sometimes we Near Newcastle are the most celebrated coal mines in the "Old Countrprld. — ■ J>|."-lJvA- 'ftWt ^il l ^ l "^ * !Se^' page 25. THflf 3St OEXERAL GEOORAPHV. i I 5 Si ' f l< •M! fill I: ; > 75. Oxford is f;\mons for its ancient university. 7G. Cambridge is also famous f(;r its ancient nniver?! 77. Oxford and Cambridge are also noted for the dents' boat-races. ] I PLACES IN WALES. 78. Merthyr Tydvil lias c^reat coal-mines and iron-' It is the largest town in Wales. 79. Swansea is a pretty larjje town, famed for C;, smelting. It has a Deaf and Dumb Institution. 80. Cardiff is an important seaport. ^ places in SCOTLAND. || 81. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, li is a Inr* beautiful citv. There are two Deaf and Dumb Schoo Mr. was educated there. Mr. used to there. That is the place wliore was born. 82. Glasgow is a wonderful place for ships, steanie factories. It is the largest city in Scotland — much larjz Edinburgh. It has a very handsome Institution for th^ and Dumb. Mr. M'as educated there. 83. Paisley is famous for its shawls and thread. 84. Dundee is noted for shipping and linen manufiv It has a Deaf and Dumb Institution. 85. Aberdeen is a large city, built of granite. It h a De&Tand Dumb Institution, but not a very large one.; 80= Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen have universities. \W hi I '4\ % places in IRELAND. 87. Dublin is the capital of Ireland. It is a fir It ha;s two large De;if and Dumb Institutions — one for lies, {\nd another for Protestants. 88. Belfast is noted for linen manufactures. Tii*. fine Deaf and Dumb Institution there. 89. Ql'eenstoavn, near Cork, is the place where the ers call on their way to and tVi^m Liverpool. 90. Londonderry is a celebrated town in the i^ Ireland. Londonderry in Nova Scotia is named after 7Y. GEKERAI. GEOGRAPHY. THE BKITISII EMPIRE. 39 t vniversHy > .uiuiviit. EXTENT OF TIIK BllITISII EMPIRE. ISO noted for the 1. Tho British E 1, wi world i. Queen Victoria rule ,1-mines and iron-' ^„^^^,.^„y7, ,^f tho innrl The British Empire consi^sts of Great Britain and Ire- th a])out GO {^ohjnies and Dependencies scattered over .. ^.Id. }. Queen Victoria rules over cne-fifth of tho population, ,1-mines ana iron-' ^„^^^^.^^^;^ ^^^ ^1^^ Ij^nd of the gUibe.' \. She has possessions in Europe, in Asia, in Africa, in own. famed if»>' P?rica, and in Ocennica. istitution. ^ Nova Scotia is a Province of the British Empire, rt. a Scotians are part of the British Nation. . We are British suhjccts and arc i)roud to belong to this ^^-D. id Empire. . , . The British Nation is tlie freest, the richest, the most ;otland. li IS a lf',J.f^l j^^,| ^riorious on the face of the earth, and Dumb Schoo [r. . used to — was born. divisions or the nniTisii empire. ' Y!^ ?-^^uch iar" "^^^^ following are the principnl parts of our vast Institution for th^^ • ~ t^ , , , T^r , there. 'Is and thread. aud linen manufa It of granite. It , ^ ^ t a very large onca, Falkland Isl;ini>.ii,i ijvwin^. v^un-i v>u.t?i, jjtiiius, iViauruiu?, ion, and .'St. Hok-nn. le place where the All tin- countries together cnihr.'i''e an aren of 8,^ mil- .orpool. 3,500.000) uf ttquare miles, and a population of over ted town in the i^ions ^200.000,000). lia is named after i ''Ifjc 40 GENERAL GEOGRAPHY. ' I ROUND THE WOULD IN EIGHTY DAYS 105. You can travel round the world now in about daySy or less than twelve weeks. Formerly it took av more to do so by slow snilin>.;-ve',se)s and coaches. 106. Starting from Halifax you get to New York, by st in 2 or 3 days. Then you can go From New York to San Francisco, by Pacific Kailroad, in San Francisco to Yokohama, by steamer, in. .. i Yokohama to Hong Kong, by steamer, in ^ Hong Kong to Calcutta, by steamer, in . J Calcutta to Bombay, by railroad, in Bonjbay to Cairo, by steamer and raihva} . in. Cairo to Paris, by steamer and rtilway, iu. ... Paris to New York ii Hound the world, in 8^ 1 T t ill [\\ f\ ui;M:i{Ah cU'OUKAriiY. 41 aY. GRAND DIVISIONS OK THE WATER. i Ar( iGin Y DAYS MAP OP THE WORIiD. v\(\ Tiow in about (ij{AM> divisions of thk land. '\oflv it took, ay ;,(! coaches. Morlli Amt^rica. I IV. A«iii. . sii^sv York, by si Soutli America. N . Atriea. Europe* VI. Au^^raliu« icisco, by Pacifit VU. Oceania* ' "'' * * * 1* in . . |W«Asijt 111(1 Africa are called the Old l^'orld* iiystcamerj^i -^ ^^^.^^ and Aiistialia are called the Mew V^'orlci, steatne , • • JgpJ^^g^^ ^\^^,y j^y^^^) u^^^, been so loni' known to us. panier, m . • • • • j tad, in ;*• and rnilwav. m. id rtUway, ui. ••• 'The Arctic or Xor- . ^^.,^^^^^^ ,^^ ^^^^^^ p^j tliern Ocean. > „a the world, in *Th|^ A.^taj...ic » > ,,^„„, ,,^ ,„„,,. 1,„,^. The* Atlaiitif* Ocean... Between the Old World and the ThiTPaciittc ( )(;ean West of America. [Xew . Th^ Indian Ocean South of Asia. X GRAND ISLAND GROUPS. rt>Tl%'EST £!V]>IKN Between N. & S. America, rht; KAST IXBIES Between Asia and Australia. iUif^'l'RAJL ASIA .... South of the East Indies. *01/iL'?liESI A Scattered over the Tacilic ocean OTHER PRINCIPAL GROUPS. agtl.ftken islands.... Jn the Gulf of St. Lawrence. aliaiiMi«.M.... In the West Indies. ermuiiUiM In the West Indies. eorcH Between N. America & Europe ipe Verd Ishmds Between America & Africa, [^(■Aeira Islajuls Ott' the N. W. coast of Africa. kniiiry Islands Ott the N. W. coast of Africa. -%ibla l8lauciaii Archipelago... In tlie Mediterraiieaii n The «l2:«|ian Islands. Off the Kast coast of A>' The Philippine Islands. . . In the East Indies. I The x%e%v ilel>ricle«) In i'olynesia. I The Naiifl\%'icli l.slands.... In Tolynesia. ^ The Society Islands In Polynesia. [ IMPORTANT SINGLE ISLANDS. C;reat Britain Off the Nortli AVe,^t of 1* Mew'fbundianfl In the moutli of Gulf y^ P. K, iMland In the Gulf of St. La\vi> Cape Breton Island. .. East of Nova Scotia, f ^a In the West Indies. ^ t^S ri'lK^maii In the West Indies. ' Hayti In the West Indies. •Tanisiica In the West Indies. Barbadoes In the West Indies. Trinidad In the West Indies. - jflalta In the Mediterranean. C^ortiiica In the Mediterranean. _ Hardinia In the Mediterranean. ~ Crete In the Greek Archi])elaB PatmoN In the Greek Archipela^ Bliodes In the Levant. CypruM In the Levant. ' Madagascar Off the East coast of .\* St* Helena Off the East coast of A Ceylon South of In The Allegliany Mountains. In the United States. I The Andes c Running through fe. M The Alps In Switzerland ( Euro] The Apennines Running through ItuK The Pyrenees ^ Between France c*4: Sj* liV. (fEXr/H XL (il-:()(iRAPlIY. 43 lediU'rraiieiui V st coast of A*'^*'****""***^****' Mt8.. Xorway i'c Sweden (Europe) - "^'f indif's Carpiitlhlsftii Mts. North of Iluiijjfarv. uxst inuit.. . j.^^j ^j^^ jJetween Europe & Asia. ne^ia. nesia. nesia. iltai J\Us In Asiatic Kussia. Salkaii Mis In Turkey in Kuropo. JauesiNiaii Mts Between Rus.sia Sc Asia. UmailaysiM Xortli of India (Asia.) riilan Slistiii Mts In Cliinese Tartar5\ " XI ^f t'mU >-Miido<» KoowliMtH... In Asia (N. W. of India.) mouth of UuiT . ,^^j^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^on^ Mts In Western \frica. 'amerooii Mts In We«tfrn Africa. Its, oftlie llooii.... In Central Africa. .byiiwiiilaii Mts In Eastern Africa. SLAXDS. North West of I Name. Gulf of St. LaNvi f Nova Scotia. West Indies. , West Indies. ) West Indies. I West Indies. Q West Indies. B AVest Indies, e Mediterranean e Mediterranean. e Greek Archipel; e Levant. le Levant, le East coast ot he East coast ot 1 of India. of China. 16 East Indies, le East Indies, le East Indies, le East Indies, ustralasia. ustral.asia. nstraUisia. ustralasia. IN RANGES. SINGLE MOUNTAINS. Height. Where situated. ,'%¥afiilaiii;;toti iborax^K Mt. \eag;iia Mt. \ Arai'at Sinai Horelt Lebanon of T^ikeriflV itngingai Macillini lai;%- Ml. 1 (),ono ft. 7,000 ft. 17,001) ft. li 1,600 ft. 24,000 ft. 17,000 ft. 8,000 ft. 8,000 ft. 8,.^H>0 ft. 11,000 ft, 12,000 ft. 28.000 ft. .'UOOft. a022 ft. Highest of the Alj)s. Highest of Alleghany Mts. Highest of the Rocky Mts. One of the Andes. Highest of the Andes. In Apia Minor. In Greece. In Arabia. In Arabia. In Palestine. Canary Islands. Highest of the Himalayas In Scotland. In England. VOLCJANOES. Etna '> VesuTiufii nine South thro . lie United States. ning through S. Attrt^Balm wit^erland ( Euroi^atapetl ning through Itul}::otoiMixl veen France .^^ Sinagnai 11,000 ft. 4,000 ft. r),oooft. 17,000 ft. 17,000 ft. 10,000 ft. 24,000 ft. In Sicily, South of Europe. Na])les, South of Euroi>e. In Iceland, X. of Pkirope. In Mexico, North America. In Mexico, North America. In Ecuador S. America. In LaPlata, S. America. ■-•Sp^ '^ »^»f^ * 44 GENEHAL (JKOCiEAPin'. PRLN'CirAL RIVERS. 'I; I ' ! I Mi I ■ i I I Name. Length in miles. Where. The'^Bii^fiiiAm'ppi ... Tjie Wt. Eiatw^rence The Wt* tloliii River.. The HtulMon River.. The Amazon The 1.J1 Plata 4,r)00 l,i=!00 400 2!0 4,000 2,r!00 2,000 1,700 sno 215 100 100 120 200 1,800 2,000 2,J00 1,700 1.350 200 1 3(iO 2700 2200 1400 NT^IPAL L In the United State,^,( In ('finitda X. Americ In New Brunswick. ( In Xew York State, i In Soutli America. In South America, n In Russia, Europe. 1 Flows through Glerii:3 Turkey, EuropeJ In Sw^t/e^'lnnd, Got & Holland. ) In Eufjfland, Euroi»'.l In Scotland, Furoiit In Scotland, Euro]je In Scotland, Europp. In Ireland, Europe. | In China, Asia. | In Siberia, Asia. [ In Cliina, Asia. | In India, Asia. In India, Asia. | In Palestine. .f In Turkey in Asia, l In l*^i;ypt, Africa. ] In Central Africa. H In Southern Africa. 'c ■ AKES. "i iiie ^ffij^«» •••« The I>ainil>e 'i'he Klaiiie ', be '^rs-aamew The :fii "^Mie "^lle Tbp '\^ijr«»i» The %aB»f>exe TRI. Name. Extent in square mile Where (siti^ate-l J liakp Superior. Lake Huron. ... Like ^telii^an Lake Frie Lake Ontario t . Lake ^aracailto Lake THicaea . . • 9 • 32,000 30,000 20,000 6,580 5,300 5,000 4,000 Between Canada i^' li Between Canada & ( in tlie Cnited Stab Between Canada i^' H Between Canada & n In Venezuela, S. Aiiia In Bolivia, South A iit uv. KS. OENEHAl, (iKOaRAPHV. 4& Where. e lfa€lo;:;a -#'•••• e Vl^entier lie Tnited States.e of O^neva 140 loii^' 45 broad 2120 sq.m .'0 ui \i wj: <> broiul '.^00 sij. m. iO 111 lon^ 1 ni. broad 4r> sq mile 42 in loni; i*ior9br.)a(l 2.S,800sr|m 140,000 In Ru.s-^ia, Europe. In Kussia, Kurope. Tn Sweden, Europe. In Switzerland. Muaaii X. Ameru' . S^pw Brunswick, e of ConMtanne Xew York State. cli.I4iatrine. .. r^outb America. South America. ?li liOitioiid .... Russia, Europe. Ellglis»lil^al4f « )ws through Gern^soTKlllaruey Turkey, Europe. B"C?ad S^n Sv ■•t/e:'lnnd, (>f^t & Holland. >f Aral ......... England, Europ'.Ca«|»iaii Ne«.. Scotland, Furov Scotland, Euroi^o PRINCIPAL SEAS. Scotland, Europe. Ireland, Europe. China, Asia. Siberia. Asia. Cliina, Asia. India, Asia. India, Asia. Palestine. Turkey in Asia, l^gvpt, Africa. Central Africa. In Switzerland. in Scotland. In Scotland In England. In Irelaua of Aral, i _,tween Canada .S: llilnewe Sea ^tween Canada & I* <»' Jafiaii Bet. Chinese Tartary « Japan. Venezuela, S. Auift' of Oeli»t*iifcr North East of Siberia, Bolivia, South An* «fc-lfcaiwtiM»liatfca Bet. Asia & North America. I i ! .1 u h nf ! li 4(1 ■an GKNEIIAI, (ii:()(tJrVIMlV. 1 1 1»RIXCIPAL BAYS. Tlic Bay of FiiiKly Wt'sl of \cva Scotia. ^ tflii«l<li Xortli Aniprica- ^ B . !f5ii'*.i Hay '. B^t. (Jwiilan*: A- B. X.Aii; J Bay fhaleiirH Bet. Xow linin.siwifk S: (i* ^ The Bay of BiN<*ay West of Fmiice — lMir()|)i; ^ Tiie Bay of \^apleM Soutli of Italy— Kiiroitc, ' ^ The Bay of Bengal Bet\\eeii India i<^ Burniui ^ rRINCIPAl. rJULFS. It TheClulf of .^lexico Bet. Xortli Sz S iitli Am The (Mi]f of C'alilbriiia •• I'»et\veeii California tt M j The Gulf of B€>tlinia In Xorth«Mn Faiiope. (» The Gulf of Finland In Xorthern Europe. Is The Gulf of Venice Bet. Italy, Austria & TiiP Tlie Gulf of liyonN South of' France. fsl The Gulf of Cwc^noa South of Sar i^ ^'orfliunitterlsind Strait l^etA^ een X. S. and P. F. I The Straits of Bellifile Bet. Xewlid. & Labrador. >e ]>awiM' Straits Bet. (ireeidand & B.X.Ai BelirinK''f4 Straits B(»t^veen Asia and X\ Ai'e !fla8;e11an^(i Strait Bet. tlu^ Atlantic and Fa The Straits of Gibraltar.. Between the Atlantic p ]Me<]iterranean. The Straits of I>over Between FiU^land and T The Straits of IfleiiiHiina" •> Between Sicily and It:il'i The ]>arclanelletii Between the Archipela. Black Sea. The Strait of Babclman- Between tlie Arabian ii) clel> • • Sea. The Straits of IHalaeea... . B<»tween Malacca and S Torres Strait Bet. Australia and X'ew '] Baiisi' Strait Bet. Australia & Tasnui; (jt:xi:i;Ai, ..i;l ielween Kni^^laixl and Frunce. '\ n-lh An'uM'ica' CSefiriC^-'Ni'tiamifl Iji'twct'ii Wjiles and Jrclaiid. 'l- *(' tV B N \ii' itarlwtol Clumnel I?. 'tween Kn^ianva Scotia & New th v*t S utli Am (12 miles ^vide. I Brunswick, California & M Isthmus of FaiiaRiia i«>rn Kuvope. (^^ to 70 miles wide ) . . . . ('onneets X. and S. America, lern Kurope. Isthmus of Tel»ii»tiite- Between the (nrulf of Mexico Iv Austria Si, T ;PCC • • ■ tmd the Pacific Ocean. France. Isthmus of Sii€'X( 70 miles • c..v-i5i-i5e Niible AVi'Sterninost point of l*ii of Nova Scotia. I CliaMiie Point P^asternmost ])oint of (^n 1 Cape Cod Kast of Mas^acliusetts, I I Ccipe Farewell S. 10. point of (ireenlauii I Cii\)v Ruee S. 10. i>i >int of Nevvfoiuii! E Kiicl Soutliermnostpointof \\i Cape Clear Southernmost jioint of I: Cape ll«»rii Southern extremity . nuo^^t lujintol I ex-tremity "t Prairlewnt tho I)f .\< itij America. 11 extremity of iPainpaw of Soulh Anu'rica. uoint of Africa. Delta of the river Xih- ( l^-ypt.) ^ MteppeN of Russia. rRlXCMPAL VALLi:VS. '• %'alley of the :?IiNwiMHii»|»i Tuite.! States. Valley of the St. Lawrence! Canada. Where situatwl Valley ^,£ Aniitipolis Soxii Scotia Valley of the Ania/oii South America. ri a.i» & Valley of the Kliine !'iUroi>e. ween Uanaua y^^^^^^ ^^^ ^1^^ Euphrates Asia M innr. States. Valley of tl\e .lor«hin Palestine. ^! LMted State^'a^^®^^^ of Switzerland, Scothmd, PiedniMiit, Ac. je York State, ^•■ llli Africa. PRINCIPAL FORKSTS. tlie Pyrenees, l^^ForeintM of Xorth America. forests of Maine, Xew Jirunswick, Canada, &c. Switzerland, l^^ii'^^oresta of the %l>«t. Scotland, Cireat l^^orests of California, British Cohmil)ia, &c. ''orests of South America (t-^pecuilly Brazil.) ''orests of Central Africa. ''orests of Norway in I'hirope. ^jRTS. Hack. Foremt in Ciermany. rtherrt Africa, riese Tartary,Cent CELEBRATIvD SCPLVERY. 'u South America ., r»- o. t • /i i Lu, >j^^ jg B^^enery on the River St. Lawrence in Cana. The scenery of tiie Irish liak^'s. The Lake's of Kdlm and the ^iiantV Causeway in lrehinle lEoufltaln at the Cape of Good IToiie. 0. PeaK of Tenerlfl'e^ a mountain shaped liken * loaf —in the Canary Islands. 7. The Giaiii^H Cau«eiiay in the North of Ireland n. 8. The Guir Stream— a mighty river of warm ^ 300 miles wide, flowing across the Atlantic Ocean the Gulf of Mexico. 9. Volcanoes or burning niountainti— nioni vomiting forth smoke, fire, ashes and hot lava. WUNDI.HS OF TUK WOHLD. At in New llauii»i 10. Ti<« infcy^rrm or l»«»UlnK wprinRK of Icolainl, r'ti'nwiij;^ u|) i«'ts (if Iiot wiitor lii^'li in the air. T!i" iiP iclerw of (lie .\1|m ininn-nse nnist^ea of ice, in t'l*' 4 )r^r>* >r v;illt'y''. I»t't\vet»n tlic niouiittiinM, wliich never mell. .%v )l;in(*lieM Vast in!\<in the nionntciins. sonu'tinies hurvin;^ whole Ic€»tn»raj« Mountjins of floatmcj ice some are 2 miles li)iig at the hase, and «»00 feel high. 'ky Mountains, i. ' liak*'?* of lul'iiii id. dMour^'ns Ll2. rossacl Lake Keswick. 1, 'V and suvroiin 3. ic»ler«. The s- eruiany. Its aiu 4. The frozen .<>;eas. 5. 3 North. The An IE VVOF^ii>. 6. /. thish, and IOOOa^ t cataract in thew?. Vent and the l*Ji vhieh roam iniu. L wild horses. Acky, extending; 1! Howinp; through of Africa, 2:( ; ►rne&s of saud wit of Good ITope. , lin shaped like a •'• North of Irekmd river of warm ^ he Atlantic Ocean uiitaiiis—nioiii Rs and hot lava. HT. ■I'iirlh'|Mfil4,e« -Violent .^hakin^^s of the Earth, .somo- tiiiii's fU'stroyin'4' wliole ('itie.s. A ^ :if erwfioiit -a violently twisted column of water, risinjTf v>ut of the sea, cau.'aed hy a whirlwind. Water- spodts are diinpjerons to ships. The TiiP^'w The rcfjfnhir rise and fall of the sea every day. caused hy the moon. Tn tin liay of Fnndy the tides rise as hi«jjh as (iO feet. In Halifax harhonr they rise about sir feet. The .4iir<>ra BorealiM or Xortlun-n Lij:)fhts -heautiful shooting licfhts in the Northern sky. MeteorM Shooting stars, Halo, Mirage, Will-o-the Wisj) or Ignis Fatuus. ARTIFTCIAL WOXDKKS OF THE WORLD. TtHM ARK A HLK STRUCTin I'.S. T. The PyramitlM of Egy])t, oOOO years old. Some of them are nearly '»00 fi-et high. The C'nt»c*oiiii)M of Kt>m(% wiiere the early Christians took refuge from the persecutions of the Tioman Em- ]>erors. They are said to extend from 12 to 20 miles underground. ^Millions of the early Christians were buried in them. St* Pt^-ter'wCatlitulral at Rome— the largest church in the worW -could contain nearly all the i)eople in Halifax. The Catlie«lra1»of Antwerp, Strasburg and Salisbury, each between 400 nnd 500 feet high. IV€>tre ]>ftine Cathedral in Paris. o2 (.I'XKUAL (il-OCfRAPHV 5. HU PasiiS"-; ^^^*il?ie' w I'i'i. Its dome i.-^ nearly 400 feetliij^ji. t>. W^'w^JM^Ji.i^t's' ^3>l»«\y ill London, and Y«rk .?lii»?«»i«-i* m V>»rk, KiiLi'land. 7. T!i(' Bri^s^iB floaiMC!^^ <>f Parllsiitie'tit, and thf VSfliMV^-i 3V!»H%-ri« MX) feet !li^'ll. The C'u|lit»l ,ii W;i-li:i!:.;iini. I'.S. The rui'liiiiiient Buihlin,t;"8 at Ottawa. 8. Tiie C'ii\T|*»¥;ii i*iil«i»e at Sydenluini near London. coA'f'i'iiin !il)«)ut 20 acres. 0. The 'rSBissaaivM Tiibiii^"! niidei* tho river Thames iii liODiliiil. 10. The a.«aB«li>ia 1>(»i*l4!ti fiid tlie liaver|»ool 1>o<*I%m, hiiiil oi solid stone, extendiiiy tor miles, crowded Avilli II. 11. iii«<»iki5.36f.^5aiSi33s Pala<'€» & M* •laniiew'' Palac*<^ in Lni .on. "^ViiBiSf^^^* Paluoe at Windsor. 2'> miles j'l'oiii \,"\\iV)\\. B*al Cawtlc in Aherdeenshii-c. Scollaiii. TiU'.-e a^'.'e residenees of Her Majesty, the (.hipen. 1'2, Thi' TBiia[*'i!*ie« and thf ¥jO«ivre, Palaces of the Eni- jHM'oi' at i\iris. The TibI8«*i'i<»n was lairnt durinf.^ t]ir <' iniinnni^t trouitles iii \r^~(), 13. !%<>flrM'iM'€*laiBB T«»\%erof Xankin, China, destroyed ]iy the Taojiiiii;- veliels in IS5-i. If). The' i;a««>-8i ^V;ill of C Vni, sr.ia to he ir)00 miles in ]ei:L!,ti!, 2') to .")() fret Jii^h. a'','■ 1 i'r.rtvess in^he Werld. 20. Tlie rortificai^ioBB!^ of Portsnnmth in Enohui'l. '4'Ib''m*Sm>bbb*;; in France. Sehastopol in the Crimea ini4 C'B*oBB.*4«a(lt in Hn.ssia. 21. The Cltiiilol of Halifax, N. J^.. and the FortresM 'f HBB«"b II tile Islo deenshiiv. jesty, Ihi' tlie F.iii- luriii'T llif 'le.strovtMl inilf^s in Hi fur .-iv id Ja)i:.i.. o lie til'' iKll^'liUl'l. inieaaii'l h) .)0 l.'4. 2.">. 2iK ■i:. '2{). 30. 31. Fort Nisn)|»ter, Fos't I^afjiyi-ltt*, FortreM* ^oii;//'oe, &L*. ill ilu' riiitpd States, The ste d le stejijiiship Ciireat IKs»S6«tern— tii>,! larf>'est vessoi in tlie wo lid. The Victoria Tiiliailaii* 1tii'i«l;:;c nearly li iiiile?< h»iio", ai-ross the Riv"t;r St. l/iwiviue, hclow Montreal. Tlie :?l«^iiiii Tu9»ulafir Bri€i$:;e, ac'i\ >?; Menai Strait betwei^n An^ie.^ea & V/alfs. !Via^:;kr7i NuMiieiiNSfiii Bri^l^f over tlie Niagara RiA'ei', lielow Niajjj'ar;) Fall>. nriwtol ^iiii<«i|»eiiNioii Bri<(ft-e, acioss the K. Severn, at Bristol, Kiiuland. The IIo«>!>i»ac TiiniK*! rii Mas.^aclin^ett.s, U, S, The Tiitcrc*4»loiiiaI liail\%'ay from Halifax to Qiiel)ec. ahont 70" miles lonj^'. The f^raiBtl Triitil«. Rail'%vay of Canada, 1,-00 miles ][arf\ablk places. THi: COXTINIVA TS. 1. There nre four continents- Ktirojic, AMia^ Africa, and A Bin erica. 2. ylMia is the largest of the fitur continents. It was the home of Adam and Kve. and the cradle of the human family. 3. Kiir€»|»c is the smallest of the four continents, hut the most po})iilou8 for its size. It is the land of t/te ir/n'fe 4. AiVica is the land of the black race. It has the fewest rivers and lakes of any ])art of the world. r>. An»eri€*a i^i the continent onwhicdiwe live. It was formerly inhaJuted wholly by the Red Men or Inditms. It is noted fcr its immense forests and lakes and its mighty rivers. 54 t;K\l':iL\ 1. (iElXJRAPll Y. ^il; n 1. Tlio Paoili<' «<*raii i-^ Hk' lar^p-r ^h):^^- o^' u tlip wovld rovei'iiii,^ lU'iirlv half tlie •^Wk\ 2. The Atlsiiiilic Ocean is the .stormiest x-ean worM. In some ])liices it is 4 or .'> miles deen. o • >. The Arftii* Ofcaii year, IS ^r.t/en t'>e ^jre itfr i>art 'tor in '11 tin ■■''■ tile So istlie .4ii4ar*'ti<» Ofc^an. ZOXIOS AM) TROPICS 1. There are '» a^fuiew--! want you to find them out oi tIk luiip ',\n*\ write down tlieir names. 2. We are in tlie ::%'<»rfili Tftiiperate Xoiie* a. Tlie Ar<»l5€» i\esi«ii» ni'^ tlin Asitaretic fle};ioii> are the cnhlest i)art of tlie earth. There the sn^tw lun ice never melt. The peovtle have 9 months of c M, aiii only ^ months of milder Aveather every year. 4. The TroBiicw are the warmest ]>art of the earth. 1\\< sun is very hot there. Snow and \oe are never setn Lions, ti<;-ers. elei)hants and other wild hearts are im nierons in the forests. 5. The Teiiiiierate %<»neN are the ]»leasantest imrts the earth to live in. There it is neither too hot, nort cold. A temperate clima,te is hest for the health. NOTED ISLAXP8. ^c^tfouiiillaiiiil is famed for its cod and seal tisliovie; '2. C'lilia is the lar<>est island in the West indies. Iti tamo lis t'()r its tohacco and molasses. 3. ^ew Giiiiiesi is the larpfest island in the East ludie The liird of Paradise is a native of New (Uiiiiea. ll4»i*iu^o is noted for ouran^-ou tank's. 4. Great Britain is the lar<:^est island in Europe. our ]\lother country. T). AuMtralia is the lartifest island in the world. nearly as larijfe as all Europe. It is fani uisfor its The ^liitleirai islands are noted for their wine. for their mild climate, ftood for invali;ed 11. Patntow is the island where the Av)ost1e John was nished and wrote the hook of Revelation. 1-. Rlio«le»9 is famous for its ancient Co'ioiiHUS. 1 6. 8. 0. It Itil oil o;o]'l 3{EMaukabi;e i»l\('I'>>. 5.0 NOTED MOL'NTAIXS. . The Htiiialayam .are the highest mountains in th<^ worhl. Some of tliem ':ve five miles in height, and covered with perpetvial snow. The Anilepi are the highest mountains in America. >Some are 4 miles in height, also covered with perjietual snow. The R4»cfi4.y .^ountaiiiii are the highest mountains in North America. They are 3 miles high -their sum- mits covered with perpetual snow. 1 4. The Alp« are the highest mountains in Europe. !?Ioiit Blaiie is the highest of them. It is about 3 miles high, and its summit is covered with perpetual snow. The lii%'eE'iie.««M Iflouiitainiii are the highest in Nova Scotia. The highest of them is only about l.")00 feet. ^oiint Teiiu\iui§ is the most celebrated volcano in the world. About 1800 years ago two cities* were de- stroyed by an eruption of Vesuvi\is, and buried under the ashes of the volcano. ^ount Sinai is the i)lace where the Ten Command- ments were prt)mulgated amid thunders and lightnings. ]?Iouiit Horeb is the place where God appeared to Moses in the Burning Bush. The XOTKD RIVERS. Amazon is the largest river in the world. It is 4000 miles long and 20u miles wide at its mouth. 2, The Amazon is the largest river in America. u, The St. lia^^rtf-nce is the largest river in British America. i The Vol$:;a is the largest river in Europe, the Yenisei in Asia, and the IVile in Africa. 0. The !fIiNiiiiiiii|i|»i is the principal river in the United States. i> The St. tlolin Ri^er, thelfliramielii, the ReKti- gouelie and the Peticocliae are the principal rivers in New Brunswick. 1. The Shiibenacaciie, £ialiave River, and St. iflai'y*s River are the principal rivers in Nova Scotia. 3. The TliameM, the Iff erwey, ant fre^*l'-water lake iu Ame- rica and in the world. It i.s a great inland fresh-Wiitei' sea. Its area is oi,000 s(|Uare niile.-s, or about as large as \ew IJrun.swiek and l\ J'l. Island together. Lake Ro^^Mi^iiol and Lake Aiii.<«lie are the largest lakes in Nova Scotia 1'roni 10 to 12 miles long. liocli Luiii«»iii4l and liOi[*lft li^atriiie are two lakes m Scotland celebrated for their beautiful scenery. Lake \%'iiitl€*riiiere and Lake K^c^M^viek are two celebrated English lakes, admired for their beautiful scenery. The Lakes of Ivillarsiey are the most celebrated lakes in Ireland — also much admired for their scenery. The Oeaid Stm in Palestine lies in the plain where Sodom and (lOjnorrah formerly stood. Its waters have a bitter jjungent taste. They are also remarkable for their buoyancy -you could lie or sit in them without sinkinij. *!n' 8. AtVieaii liaKes — Several great lakes have been dis- covered of late years by Livingstone, Baker, Burton, and other travellers. Lake Victoria ]\>'aiiza, 250 miles long, and Lake All>ert Myaiiza are supposed to be the sources of the .\ile. 'TaiigaiiyiRa dis- covered by Burton is over .'300 miles long. ]!^yassi is about the size of Tanganyika. Teliacl in Central Africa is about loO miles in length. -\oti:d bays. Cliebiicto Bay is the old name of Halifax Harbour. It is the hnest harbour in America. The Bay of Fuaidy is noted for its great tides, wliicli rise as high as {)0 or 70 feet. The Bay of Bi^eay is considered to be very stormy and dangerous for ships. I1uc1moii*m Bay is noted for its furs. 1. 4. (5. The Bay of .^apleM is said to betheline.st in th p world UMTISll AAIEUICA. hild I'eii •OS, wlio :e in t!u' iiud '2% in Auie- !h-\Viltt'V • large ;i.s > largest rvo lalvt's are t\vi» leautii'iil ed lakes 11 where ;ersluive :able for without jeeii dis- Burtoii, iza, 250 Lipposed ka dis- Central larbour. s, which iK iK 1, O 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. XOTi:D CAPK8. i^a1>lc IwlaiKl off the coast of Nova Scntia is noted iov shipwreoks. Jt is also noted for its wild ]>onies. Capt' Halklc 9Mflaii4l on the coast of Xo\a .Scotia is anotlier drngerous ]>lace. There the i]l-f;it(Ml steamer IlnnijaridH went d )wn witli 40.) .soids on ho.ird. At PrO»i»t*c»t near Halifax is the [dace wjiero perhaps the most terrible marine disaster of modern times occurred. Thei'e tlie steamer Athmtiv was wrtxdved on the .1st of April, 187'>, with the loss of between T'OO and GOO lives out of 1000 souls on board. Xot jt woman w-as saved, and onl}- one child -a boy aI>out 12 yeai's old. Cajie it,a<0 luih^s in leno^th and KiOO in breadth, embracing' an area of 4,000,00(> of square miltvs. But only ii small part of this is yet settled. Its po[)ii- lation is small for its size. Altogether it only contains about as many inhal)itants as London, viz: four mil- lions (4.000,000). The population is, however, rapidly increasing. 3. l>i\iNiOiiM« I>ritish America is divided into 8 Pro- vinces, 8 Territories, 1 Colony in Central America, 1 Colony in South America, and numerous Island Colonie.-i in the West Indios. 4. Otta\%'it is the Capital of British North America. It is there tlie (iovernor-CJeneral of the Dominion resides. DIVISIONS or BRITISH AMERICA, 5. The princi[)al divisions of British America are the fol- lowing ig 1. Ontario. 2. (Quebec. 3. New Brunswick. 4. Nova Scotia. 5. r. E. Island. 0. Newi'oundiand. 7. Labrador. 8. Hudson's Bay Territory, y. Manitoba. 10. British Columbia. 11. Vancouver's Island. 12. British West Indies, 13. British Honduras. 14. British Ciuiana. 15. The Arctic Regions. 0. Ontario. (,hiebec, Nova Scotia, New^ Brunswick, P.E. Islaiul Newfoundland, 3!anitol)a, and British Columbia are styleh Guiana are known generally by the name of Colo- nies • 8. Labrador, Hudson's Bay Territtuy, and the Arctic Regions are not called Provinces or Colonies— they are called 'rerriltiries. 9. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, P. E. Island, (^lebec, Ontano, .Manitolui and British Cjlumbia form the JDoiiiliiiiui of Cauudu. U. IJRTTISTI AMERICA. 69 3 world fer thait 1000 in 'e mil OS. ;M pO[)U- 'Diitains ur inil- rapidly >i. ro- 8 I lerica, 1 Dolonie.s t. It i.s (Sides. the fol- itory. I. Lslaiiil ibia are ,Briti>U Colo- Regions 3 called Ontario, liiiiiHi 11. 12. 13. 15. 1(5. Nova Scotia, Xew Bniiiswi(dc, (Juebec and Ontario were united on the 1st of July, 18()7. Manitol)a was formed in'io a I'rovince in 1809. British Columbia joined the Dominion in 1870. P. E. Island joined the Dominion in 1873. ^; — 7~~. — i^ ^^^^ present Governor-General of the Dominion. He resides at Ottawa. Quebec and Ontario are the lJi»i»er Provinces. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, P. E. Island, and Newfound- land are called the l^ -r = -= j? ^ ^ .^ ?■ '^ 3/-- 7" > S E 5 =^ r- .' _^ 'T ■;:::; it- 5 '^ 'cc '^ >-^ — :r ^ -J '^ •:p t > -7 .^ < :::i o = >r ^ ^ i- t- ::; o :/. o : o • o . V : . - • -/" • ^ • ^r-^ • <^ ;r ■ < • c O • >-« /*9 5^ > in 5 r- c JO ■•H ^ -^ 1—^ c€ tt- *, ^w o^ ::i > ^ ^ ' H "p:"-^ ;-i O o (D a ) ^"S Ph ;^ ^ .? ; &H S=a "H CO • u- • • 5 CO »-' oo BRTTTSTT AMERICA. tl li C Pi; r/, i' 2 - ^ ~r S r^ n — r^ , '-> " +-j -t-" -t^ El n 'z! b 7t CO iT ^ T^ - o ti-i I CAJ ^ N r w < <£ a o H m O c .2 9 ft O P-i c cS GD "o Q <^, fl --J * T, • • ^£ • F— - 2 ^ "i £'^ v' '^. J ^^ ff 9^ ^ c ?5 B l§ c ■4-J _ 2 j< 8,- ci rr. 11 -A • vj ^ ^c2 l-H ^ O 'rS- = ^ f— aw ^-* o — o .3 ;h O Ph o • o 4-» b 7 € 2 :j o • "-> &-( !^ j^ 2 a:> ^ !:2 C SO 0. <^ C S *-> 1) m C '■C c: DC ii • v'/i 2 ^ 3 t rt^ 2 ri 2 i > i^ >- 2 . C- i- i; ■/■ +j '^ 4j r 2 X Sh 4-; 3bS- XC ^^ X • r>-i r=:^ c3 (-1 ^ ^ ^ o-Ph •r 1h r ^ . f-l .y OJ P' ^H U o-r' M • o e o rH t^ -H i ^ -M -* c • 0^ ?H >H -.-^ f- 0^ g o cT c • \ \ c jh : • * L~ •^ 73 • • c • -H • *-S _j q hO c; , I ■^2 a 1-^ * s rH ^H : •- ^ ::h c; . c rH t ^ • >:^ ec • rH ;- • r" ■J IT) • rH p5. • 73 •r I i i 'C c; • ^■ a ) at 2 r w > 1. 1^ p: ) r- ?H • rH ;h fH 1 c t 2 «^ ) 2 >- 1 u C s 1 CPH ^^ JO'^ 4 i ) . r" '2 P ; nco it is "w Z- 1 * 1 J5 S > ^^ 5S ^-1 .'iT ,y r^ 1— 1 X' i/. 3 ci Jh "I- ^ ">-' c. i >n p: c^ > i-H 'M ' • • • CO -+ >rt t: ^ ■ • -1* -rj •«,. M 9X /Cl «i l»l lOI BimH 02 i < » ' o ij "H ' i « J' w <1 rA5 M : H H :, P3 U ^ 1 C ifi > ^ ll. ^ ^ J ! ;_^ .:l K j < H a o 3 ft O &4 •^ IE t'l e.5 u c 3 O Q c OFNERAL (JTKKJRAI'IIY. r/' -J C rx y C- o o C' o o •;; ^ o c o c — "M ri cc o I*: >•. i". c: 71 r- ^ -M o f '^' '' > — o --^ ^1 1^ of o ^ -4- -^ ^ ^ C ^ C :7 O c: '-7 O ^r r-i ir: C't (M --tr '^ o cc 1—1 COOOOO-~OC: c: — cc- I ' O »" ^ o 'X) CC 71 r-l cc C I- -M >^ 71 ..J o c3 o O ^ O '^ CI '^ cc £ o cor:? .2 Q c a; 1—4 c mi • »-< C O o • i 4J o I-—' eg br c3 O 2 ^-c S ii r^ <^ o ? =! r^ S O 0) 0^ ^ — fl ro *^ r: ^T' '-w --^ K_ .^ r^ <7-J .^ ,-j .i-h a; 2 iJ^H - - * - ^ "^ U4 u u t. ( r.. ( (). A I] BlllTISU AMKKICA. 63 COAIPAIiATIVK SIZKS OF PllOVIXCKS. I. Nova Spolia is ahoiit t» tinio< larL^^er tliaii I*. K. I?lan(l. J. New IJruiiswic'k is about j Iar;jjer tluiii Xova Scotia. .'5. .Wwfoundlan;! is lUMiIy t\vi('»> as large as x\ova Scotia. i. (Quebec is ratlit'V more than II tinu's the size of Xova Scotia. 5. Ontario is nearly 10 times the size of Xova Scotia. (). Alanitohii is al)out tiie size of Xova Sc'itia Proi)ei'. 7. British Cohnuhia (with Vancouver's Islantl) is al)Out 12 times hir;jfer than Xova Scotia. 8. The whole Dominion is '2'20 times larjjfer than X^ova Scotia COrXTY DIVISIOXS, DISTRICTS, ."to. Xova Sicotin is divided into 18 Counties andr»7T(t\vnships. IVew Rruii>i\%ic*l4. is divided into 11 Counties and I'Jl Parishes, P« £• iMlasicl is divided into 3 Counties, 14 Parishes and 04 Lots or Townships. Ontario (formerly called l^|»|»c^i* Canada) is divided into 4*J Counties. <|uel>ec (formerly called Lower Canada) is divided into ()0 Counties. Xcwfountlland is divided into 15 Districts. Britislt Columbia is divided into 8 Districts. COUNTIES OF XOVA SCOTIA. 1. ITalifax Co. 2. Luuenhurg .'). (Queens 4. Shel burns ."). Yarmouth (>. Digby 7. Annapolis Co. 8. Kinor's 1). Hants 10. Cumberland 11. C dchester I 13. Antif^onishe Co 14. (luysborough 16. Inverness. K). Victoria. 17. Cape Breton 18. Richmond 12. Pictou COCXTIES OF XEW BRUXSVVICK. 8. Cliarlotte County. 1. Restigouche County. '2. Oloucester County. 8. X'ortliumberland Count3\ 4. Kent Countv. 5. Westmoreland County. (■). Albert County. 7. St. John County. 9. Kings Co. 10. Queens Co. 11. Sunbury Co. 12: York Co. 13. Carleton Co. 14. Victoria Co. COCXTIES OF P. E. ISLAND. 1. Kings Cy. 2. (Queens Co. 3. Prince Co. G4 Or.Ni:J{M. (JKOCilUI'llY. I ^1 !r PKOVINCI'S S, (OLOXIKS AVUAT XOTi:i) TOR. 1. !%'<>va ScM>lia i- iioUmI for it- cohIJimii, '^old, {?ii(l otlitT iniiicnilH ; lor it li>lit;rit'-i ; its e.\teiisi\e sea-i;oa t ; its iiiiiiit'i'nir- ;4'M)il liiirlioiu's and its slii|>i»in^*. 2. ^<*\v Hriiii^^viirk. is iu)tt.'d for it^ iuaiberiiij^s niil slii|i-liiiil noted fi)r iN ojits. pota- toes, i'itl»l>;iu;e-. tui'uips, an I ullier a.ni'ieiiltuial i>rudiicl'. It joined 1 he l> '.million in l'">/.'). 4. ^'«'>%%Joiiii4fl]aei«l isllie < Jde4 Ikitish colony inAnierii-a — ;)ot yet annexed to tlu^ Do'.ninion. It is famous for it>('od"and seal lisheries wliicli are the most valnaiilt) in tilt' %voi']d. T). ^liii'lK-c* is tlie lar^e>t Province in the Dominion. Ii i,> noted tor the [teoph' beini;' niodly ol" Fri'ntdi origin ; also tor it- inmlter tr;ide and lisluTies. ('», <>iiilai*u» is a tine ^rain eoiuitry. Most of our tloiii' collies tr..ni Ontario. It i-^aiso noted tor its , it-i oil wells, iiud it •; coi>i»er mines. It is the ri(dn'4 and most populous Province in the Dominion. 7. .^laiiiitol**! is a new Province in the Red River country. t'ormed in li*i("'U. It i.s a line prairi*' land. B. |jUl»r«Ml«>r is a cold barren region, but valuable for it- herrini;-, nnd se:il tisheries, Th(' inhai)itants are calleil KMj|iiiiiiuiix, ami are retuarkable for their ^huit stature. 9. Il3i4l<>ioii*M Bay T«»rrilory is fanu)iisfor it8 valualtle furs. 10. BriiiMli Coliiiiiliia i.s noted for its rich gold miiic-, and its mild (dimnte, and line soil. 11. Vaii(*oiiV4T iMlaiicl i.s noted for its coal mines; alsn b»r liimbiM', furs, and lish. ll^. Bvrniiiila is C(debrated tor its delightful cli.uate. It. is also an important Xaval Station. The Baiia.mas uiv believed to be the lir-st laml discovered by C-'oiumbii-^. 13. Tlie lti*i«iwli WvMt lauiii^H pr.iluco Coffee, coco: suu'ar, nioia-re rum ; ai-o oranges, iiaiitmas, ])iii apples and other friiit.s. The climate is very hot 14. Briiiftli Hoiidaraw is noted for its nudK)gany andj logwood. lo. Brit iwli Guiana is noted for its hot and unheidtl: climate. Also, lor " Demerara rum." Bums II AMKIUCAN (ITIF.S, 65 lid other L)a t ; its its. |>i>t I- ^)ro([iu-i-. lAllHM'ifil .1110U> i'M' Viilu.iMt) )i()n. It h origin ; our 11 01 1.' i'eiitl:ik<>, .0 I'iclit'M r count ly. >le for it-' are called leir t'hdi'i 8 valuaM'' aid mi lit 'S hies ; al>" .uate. It [AM AS !iiv umliii-^. 3e, C'>co;i nas, pine hot. );^auy amll unlicukli}! rJUNClTAL JJHITISII AMKUICAX CITIKS. WHAT XOTKD rolt. 1. Halira:^ C^oy^H)), fVmiKled Juiu' 21, -t, 17^^>, is noted for its noble harbour and fine situation, it.s >ti'onnf (dtadel, its extensive Dockyard nnd its shipping. It is tiie ♦Station for the Xorth American fleet, and tlie Admiral resides here durinjjf the summer, it contains some tine streets, and many handsome stores, (diurches, and other build inj;s, as (lovernnuMit House, the Pro- vince Buihliir.^, the Post Office, the Comt House, the Lunatic Asylum, the Public Schools, Daliiousie College, the Deaf & Dumb Institution, the Orithan Asylum, the niind Asylum, ttc. Daii'imoi; ij[, on the oi>])osite side of the Inirbour, is a growini; place, with several factories. 2. ISaiiit JoKii, X. B, (2f>.0(10) is noted for its pood hnrbour, its shii>-buildin;jf, and lumber trade. The tide in the harbour rises 'iO to 40 feet. St. .lohn jiossesf^es a Ihie Susj)ension Brii'e (((O.UOO") is the uldesst city in British .Vmericiu an I the most strongly foititied. It was cai)turo9. 7. T«iN>i'ii«» Cr)t),(KM)) is the laix^st city in Ontario. It has nuiiiv line streets and elegant public Imildings. Tiie I'niversity of I'orjnto is one of the finest edifices in Ani-.'riea. S. Otd.Kwa is not<'d as the capital of British North Anie- riri. It is re.n;i.rka')le for the beauty of its scenery, and for its splendid Parliamentary Buildings, erected at a cost of 2^ millions of d ddaiv, ('^2,o00,000). Thei>opii- Ijition is about 2:Li,000 and it is rapidly increasing. 9. Tn '\'^»vsi! Kc»<^I3ji. -P'Cioi , YAH.\!ourM, Livehpool, Lr.M.::iii'ii(.. U'.iuKtKW \ rKR, are thriving sea-ports, esjjecially Varni,)utli. Ni w Glasc^ow and Sydney. C. B..ai'e noted for the extensive coal mines in their neighlunirhood ; VViXDson for its plaster quarries; TiU'iJo is a railway centre, and the seat of the Provin- cial Noi'niai S( iiool.and is gr )W^^ng rapidly. Anxai»o- j/is (frvnierly Port lioy;il) is noted as the ancient cai)ital of the Province. Amhkii.st, Pcowash and An nuoNisn ;ii(> rising t.jwns. ^MAirr.ANM) (Hants) is noted I'or ship- building. 10. In ^€»^v Bi*iiik.^^%'i€*l4. (fatiiam. Xkwcastee, and M'ONdON are important for ship-buib ling. — MoxC'ton is the liead-ipiarteis and centre of the railway systeai of the Maritiuie Provinces and is growing fast. - lliciiMONi) and Suki>iao are n(»fed bu* the iisheries ; 8!'. ANinncw'.s and 8t. SrEi'iiEx's for trade w^th 1 he raited estates ; Sackville for its Wesleyan Academy and College. 11. In K*. E. l»land,--GF()R(ii:TOWX is the county town of Kings C luniy, and h;is a tine harfour. Sllmmers!i>k on Bedet[ue iliu-hour, }< a rising town, with consi-huiiding, and trade with New Brunsvvick. rn.'NTKTowx (>ji Richmond B;ve, is the county town <>( I'l-iiice County, Ai,bi:r iox is a thriving plare. 12. In ^^4>-^vloiiii4llaiiteni ,l;" fast. - |iivtiint 13. In tlsneUiec, -Thiiek Rivees is o.'ie of the oldest cities in *Janada, and is noted for its ivon nianufnottires and liiniher tra.G(10 3.- IriY lU't 3t. Hyacinthe. o,700 In Ont.yrio-- Toronto 5().ono Ifamilton. L'6.7<'0 Ottawa 2],rm London 15.800 KingsTOi 12,400 Brantford H,I(I0 St. Cath -vines 7.800 Helleville 7,:iOO lluelph. <),'.i<>0 Chatham o/JOO Port Iloi.e .•»,100 Brockville MOO In Xenv Brunswick — Saint John ?0,000 Portlan d (Town ami l*arish ) 1 2,500 Fredericton. 0.000 (Jhatham (M iramichi ) aljoiit 2,000 68 V, £N i:n AL (I E( >G T{ A PI I Y .,'* Newcft^tlii (Miraniiohi) about 2,C09 St. Aii.lrews ( Town and Pariah ) 3,000 St. Stephen's ( Town and Parish ) (s^OO Woodstock rTown and Pari.^h) 4,000 Moncton (Town) about 2,000 Saclvville (Pariyh)about 4,000 4.-~In XovA Scotia * City of TTalifax 30,000 Yarniouth r),,']00 City of Dartmouth 4,.^00 Truro 4,000 City of Pict^iu 3,000 Sydney Mines. 3,900 Sydney, Town 2,900 Amherst , 3,fi00 Anti^onish 3,000 Liverpool... 3,100 Lunenl)urti: 3,000 Brid(,^ewa"ter 2,900 Cannin^^ 2,900 Shelburne 2,800 Windsor 2,700 New (t laso-i)W' 2,f)00 Albion Mines 2,000 Annapolis 2,100 Dip:by 1,900 Kentville 1,800 Baddeck , 1,700 Wolfville f 1.700 Bridgetown 1,300 Arichat 1,000 5.— In P. PJ. Island - Charlottetown [. 7,000 6,— In Newfoundland — St. John's 25,000 * The numbors hero givon inchule the population of the polling trict ill which the town or viilageis located. 1. 4. 5. I.- II. r NIT ED STATKS. m '00 500 000 100 ,900 ,800 'no .700 ,,'^00 ,000 ■,000 > polling THE UNITED STATES. (See also par/e 34. ) 1. Size* — The Unite I States is a ^reat country, —about the same size as the Doiuiiiion of Canada — but much more populous. 2. Populittioti.— The popuhition of the United States is about fot'f}/ mi/imis (40,000,000)— ten times greater than the population of the Dominion. 3. DiviMtoii!<* -The United States comprise 47 parts, viz • 38 States, 8 Territories, and 1 Federal District called the District of Columbia, in which Washington tlie Capital is situated. 4. Groupti of Mates. -The States are generally divided into Jive groups, as follows : — I. The 6 Eastern States, or Xew England. II. The 8 Middle States. III. The 10 Southern States. IV. The 12 Western States. V. The 3 Paciftc States. Besides the 9 Territories. 5. states and Territortes. - The following are the names of the States nnd Territories: I. — The Easteux States - Capitals. 1. Maine Me Augusta. 2. New Hampshire N. H Concord. 3. Vermont Vt Montpelier. 4. Massachusetts Mass Boston. 5. Rhode Island R. I Providence. 0. Connecticut Conn Hartford. XL- -The Middle States— 1. New York..... N. Y New York. 2. New Jersey N. J Trenton. 3. Pennsylvania Pa Harrisburg. 4. Delaware Del Dover. 5. Maryland Md Annapolis. 6. Virginia Va Richmond. 7. West Virginia Wheeling. 8. District of Columbia. ..D. C Washington. 70 GENiniAJ. (il'OCJRAPIIV i :':i I) III. -TiIKSoI'THKTIN SlATKS CAl'li ALS. J. North ('aroliiia X. C Raleigh. 2. South (Carolina S. C Colnnilin. l^. ( leorjiia ("la M illedi^eville. 4. Florida Fla Talal»a>'.see. 5. Ahi])ania Ahi Mont tifomery 0. MisHissij>j)i Miss .larlcsou. 7. Louisiana La Baton Rouge. 8. Texas Tex Austin. U. Arkansas Ark liittle Roek. 10. Tennessee Tenn Xash ville. IV.- The Wksi'ern Sta tks — 1 . Kentucky Ky Frankfort. 2. Ohio '. 6 C\)lunil»ia. 3. Michigan Mich Lansing. 4. Indiana In. Missouri Me Jefferson City. 10. Kansas Kan To})e]va. 11. Xehraska Xel > Onia 1 1 a . 12. Utah Ut Salt Lake City. V. -The PvcrFio States— 1 . California Cal Sacramento. 2. Oregon Or Salem. 3. Nevada Xev .Carson (/ity. 1. Washington. 2. Idaho. 3. Dakotah. 4. Montana. Territories. r>. Colorada. (>. New ^Mexico. 7. Arizona. 8. Indian Territory. 0. Rl'^ode I>ilaiiriin.^ ertissedthe Atlantic iii the A/((i(/iotrer and settled at i'lyniouth in Maasachu etts. Tl Enoh I'.noiana ^ tat< e^ are noted for their extensive iVIassachiij^etts is the ieadino- State ul" lie .New iiuuuil'actures. New Kn^land. 8. The .?li«ltlie .*»tutes are noted for their extensive com- lueiee and shipping. X€»"i%' YorW exceeds every other State ill population, wealth, and commerce. Penn- wySvaiiist is noted for its coal and iron mines, and its oil-wells. Xew Jersey for its i>eaches and other I'niit-'. 1). The SoaiSliern j^tatei^ are noted for their cotton, rice, sui»ii.i-caue and tobacco. Oranges, pine-apples, and ba- nana-^ are abundant in Florida and Texas. MoiiJli Caroliiisa yields the most rice ; I^oiiiiiiaiin the most sugar-cane ; and ^ieiiMiMiiiippi the most cotton. '^IVxai.** is noted for immense herds of cattle. 10. The ^^'ej^terii Nfuteii are noted for their vast prairies, agiieul uie, and minerals. California is noted for it^ ,s',o!d, and ^^evatla for its silver mines. 11. iVorfliern Cities. The leading cities in the Northern Stales are Xew York. (po])ulation 1,000,000), Boston, Portland, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Alljany, &c. \kw" Yoiuvisthe largest city in America andPiiiLADELi-HiA, is the second largest. Xew York contains nearly three tinies as many pe pie as all Xova Scotia. It has the largf'st Deaf & Dumb Institution in the world. Phila- delphia is noted for the regularity of its streets and its extensive manufactures. iS'ew York is the t/iird city in the world for shii)ping and commerce, London and Liverpool being the first two. Boston is the largest city in Xew^ England, and is noted for its i)ublic schools. 12. Soiitliern Cities.- The leading cities in the Sou- thern States are Baltimore, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and Xew Orleans. i!lie\*' Orleans is the greatest cotton-market in the world. Cliarleston is noted as the place where the great civil w^ar began in liSC)! i)y tiring on Fort Sumpter. 13. 'Vl'estt'rn ('ities* The leading cities in the Western Stales are Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit, St. Louis, San Francisco. Cliiea£[;o is the great city of the west. In 18ol it contained but seven or eight families. Xow it 7*> G LN KI'iA I. C EUGKAPII Y. 5 has a population of about ,*}()IM)<)0. hi 1871 it was nearly de^troyeil l)y Hre, but i:as been rajJidly rc-built. Cineiiiiiati is the j^reate.^t poik-market in the Avorld, Han Franci«€?o is the most important city on the Pacilic c(>a>t. 14. Capital.- Wawliin^ton (101»,00U) is the capital of the L'nited l^tates. It is situate. It wa8 B-built. in the nt city pital of )toma('. e place a. Tlie ^ a vast ^ Mute I in the ck, atid Ilamp- iiadian •—New ndiana, lo, Erie, ! round Lchigan. (St to us TAXES. 105,000 100,700 U3,000 80,000 82,000 79,500 71,000 (^0,000 69,000 51,000 49,000 COr^TT^TFS AXD CITIES OX THE CILOBE. 73 I tilt; t.u,.;i us a comp,nuo,i uiul uhe to Im' n? '^ 'iit-mle.] to' he u«tMl l.y 1" the i.n.'v.uus jKUt.ciis oi the nok s r i Y '"'•'■^•"" to "li.a i.s taiiyht 'le knows anniK them. ^^*' ^'^" '" '"'^ '^''^vn luii^ua^e ^hat I. I J. J II. DIVISIONS OF THE OLD \V0RL1>. Jiurofie jiMiddJe Europe: ('Southern Europe. ( iVorthern Asia. .4 Mia J ^'entral Asia. I Western Asia. L l^^astern Asia. f Northern Africa. , Tiie Nile Region. Africa J »*>i>uthein Alrica. . \^e>tern Atrica. i Eastern Alrica. t Central Alrica. COUNTRIES Sc CITIES OF EL RUPE. I.- In Middle Eleope. Countries. Cai)itals and Chief Towiu i'^ngland. ^Scotland. I.oii€!oii, Liverpool, .Alanche.^ter, liiriningham, Leeds, Sheltield, 8taf- ^or(Uork,Ilul],i3r..tol, Newcastle, Southampton, Portsmoutli, Oxford Canibrido-e. CdinliurKli, Glasgow, Dundee, Abei-deen, I'ai.ley, (Greenock, Leith, rerth. hi 7 4 (ii;Ni:i{.\i, (;i:<)<.i{.\PH\, In'liind 'l>ul>liii, lieltunt, Cork, liimerick, Wutcrlord. AiiiMi4'r. liiuyes. Fi*aiiil4l'iii*l, IJiiniljurg, Jlunoveiv Miuiicli, iJrusden, Leip/ig. lltTiie, (leneva, Ba>le, Zuricli, liiiL'prne. ijlorliii, (/Dlognfi, Danzig, Stettin, WilU'iiibei'g, lireslaii. i%'«ii*fta\%9 (.'racoNv, Lemberg. Holland lit'lgiuni (irnnany Switzt'vlaiiil Tnissia Poland Aust liiJ I \'i«'«iiia9 I'l'iigne, Trie.ste. I I lliin< jBiKlii, Pr-tli, l*resl)urg. l''iaiic<' Sp.iin.. rortugal Italy Tiiikry... -, /// Soiilhcm EnrojJLi. W*i\viH, Vtu'sailles Lj^un8,Mai>eilles^ iiordeaiix, Havre, Boulogne, Caiai-. .^Ba«lri«l9 Cadiz, Seville, 13areelona. Tolndo, Cordova, (jibraltar. JLiwSioii, ^itorto. lioiii«»,KlureJice,Tiirin,Milan,(.]!enoa. \ en ice. Legiiorn, Naples, Fi^lernio. C'4»iiMtaiitiii4»|ile, Adrianople, Bucharest. .Jas>y. AllieiiM, (.'orinth, Sparta. Corfu, Ziinte. l>«'innavl< ('oiieiBlia;;<>ii, Klsinore. •^'"'^^J>y jCliri^tiaiiia, Jiergen, Drontheim. •■^^^^"''^'•1 'MO€«kIi«»fciit, Ip.sula. rarl>crona. '^'^•"^'ii Pt'K' I'Nhiiir;;, Kron.vtadl, Moscow. ^ Ivevel, Kiga, Archangel, 0iid Kolai. COIINTRIKS AND ^'nlF.V T()\VN«. 7i) TT. ASIA. luerick, ,'trecht, }inovei% Zuric'li, Stettin, iveilles^ a , Calai-' celoiiji. }. Uenoa. Pernio, inoplo, (Jorfn. Countries. CnpitalH and Chlof Towns. Asiatic* Tiirkpy. Asia Minor Syria Pale.stine. Armenia Mesopotamia or Al Jezireli Kur<»4 Diimasciis, Antitx'h, Pal- myra . »Iii« Bona, Constantine. TuiiIm ( Ruins of Caiilia(fe) Kairwan 'W*v\\uAl.( BnAns of Ci/reup. ApoUonia. liorpnicp. is'o., ancient (Treek cities.) I(!?" 1 VI n 7G OKNEUAL GLOGRArHY, Conn tries. Cdpitiils uiul Clik'f TowiiH. S.iharaor (hvnt De-iort... .V va^t sxTi'ly wilderno'ts. Xo towns. \t) \>'f]r»-t'tii>ii. Only a few ;;TeLMi spots, called oasps. K'vvv»t .Viibia Ahvssinia. L'. 77,^ Xile lie(fum. f %|pff, Altwiii Iri I, lM:ui(^tt I, Suez Kliirlooii* Senniir. .Tiiti^iit*4o<»« 15 >o-ha, and Neijrolan I ) many other towns. Sene^j^anibia SieiTi. Ti'^one li:I)f^i'ii rp"!"!' (iiiiiie I } Gold Oust . iSoufhcrn Africa. Hottentot Country Kaft'rii'ia.. J*»eeiiuana Country Zulu Country. Natal : Capy Colony .Vo places of import uice. \o [daces of importance. No places of importance. P()rt Xatal, Pietermaritzburi^. Cape To^^xi, Graham's Town. Mozamhicpie Zanni'uehar Souiauli , Mada^cascar Isl and Nfauritius Island 0. Eastern Africa. ^loxitvtiliiqiie, Sofala. £iiffizil>iii% BtM'hera. riiii^'iii iriv€», Tamatave. Port LtHiis, G reel Da Alas! nnti,> The I Me\-ic Centr,' 1. (i 2. S .S TI 4. \ f). C' 1 ^>- B 1 The \V I ^^ -VewGi i Venezu ■i I'^cuidc Demer; Briti; ■y; French " Dutch ( Brazil.. Peru... . Bolivia Chili La Plat Bu(-n( 0OUNTKIE8 AND CHIEF TOWNS. 77 N OK Til AMI':RI{^\. t)kuti. Countries. CapitulH luid Chief Towns. Croen'aiid or > Diiiiish Amoi'ica } Alaska Biitish Americi The United States. Mevioo Central Anieriea 1 . (jiiiteuiala 2. S ui Silvidor .S IT >n luris 4. Xu' irif^iii 5. Costa Ru' I i\. Britisli lion lur-.is. The West Indies Julianshaah. (.'hristianshaal). .Vew AroIianu:(d. Ottfiwji, Montreal, (Jnf^''pp,T ronto, irdifax, Fredericton.St. John, \.B. St. John's. X. v., Charl ttetown. WaMliin;stoii, Xew York, Pliila- delphia, Hoston, Baltimore, Xew Orleans. Portland, Riohniond, Charlest(^n,Chioa'jfo. Sin Frin(ds(*o. Mexico, Vera (^ruz, Piiehla. X>w (iiiateniala. Belize, Trnxillo, &?. .Vew (tii ateuiala. S m S dvador. Coinava'jjiia, Trnxillo. Ti'on, X'^iciraijjui. S m Jose. Ilelize. Hitvaii:i9 San Doniin^^o, Kingston. ni. XewGrinada Venezuela Keiudor Demerara or Britisli Guiana Trench Guiana Dutch Guiana Brazil SOUTH AMERICA. Bo;!:olsi, Cartha«xena. t'iiract?a», Maracaybo, Val 'ueia liuito, (Uiya([uil. Peru Bolivia or Upper Peril. diili La PI iti and Bhpuos Avres Georgetown. P.iraniaribo. Rio «f iineiro, San Salvador, Para, Pernand»uco. Mmii, Callao, Trnxillo. Chi4|uiMSic*fi, La Paz, P)tosi. ^uiitla$:;o, Valparaiso, Concepcion. Bueiios A.yreMi« PiUMiia, Cordova. tt fJV.XEUAL iiKOOUAl'HY. Pfiraijuiy... \>>(nn|»cii)ii. rni:,Miiv >l4»iit«' Vi«lf^<»« I'iitiijjjDiiii So towns. Wiiixleriiiii Indians. TioiTi «1<'1 Ktu'^o \o town«4. N)itivfsliv»»cl»u*llyonlUh. I'\ilkl;in'wela*^o. II. .%ii»itr iliiMiii, or " Si)iitliprn .\-da." III. '^f^Faiic^Miit, or the " Bl ick Islands," so calle. .». T). Is tlu! Kiirtli larpe 'r Ve-< very, very, very ];iri»e, imleed. 1> the Kjirtli tlat, w square, or r».iin he Hat, it is really round. TFow do we know that the hiartli is not Hat luit roundi" (1.) Jiecause vessels have sailed round it, and have come iuickto the place from which they started. (2.) Because we can always see the topmasts of a .-hip helore wo see the ^hip itself : if the earth were Hat, we should see the whole at once. I 12. 16 17 IB n) 20. SrZK OF TIIF FAKTH. 1, 'Is the Kartli the same ,s/t(fpe as a hoy's ball ? 2. Is it the same sizcdf^ a balli" Oh I no -It is far far larger Jt is an immense globe. I], How large is it Y > >So large that it would take a .-hip a year 4. What size is it r > to sail rounui)posed to be hlled with th*e and iiiHammable gas. Of What does the surface of the Farth consist.'' Of Land and >\'ater. Whetlier i> there more Land or Water on the Olobe 'i ^lore water -There is nearly three time as much water us laiid^ — The l^and covers about onv-fonrth t.j), and ihe water about fhree-fonrtlis {^D of the Fartli's .' urface. What is the whole area of the (ilobe!-' One hundred and ninety-seven millions (11)7,(J00,000) of scpiare miles. How much land is there on the (i lobe's surface ':' Whi.t is the extent of the land surface r Fiity-one and a half millions (ol,rjUU, 8 9 10. 11. SHAPE AND SIZE OF THE EARTH. 81 [11(1. I' I have tstarUnl. :' a .-hij* ■til were ^lolie. > a year lie jjas. |i water 5), and llvirth's bO,(K)0) i i 12. 1?) 17 \^ . It) 20. 1 •> ;i. 7. 8. ii. Ifow mucli water h there on the face of the ^lobe !" What is the extent of the water surface h One hundred and forty-five millions (14r»,00(),000) of .square miles. How far is it throu(/h and thromfh from \orth Pole tv>Uc t\vetve lliliUiieu Jiiiiuune (ij-wu.uuu/'Uiy.^ If all the peoj>le of the world were to pass before you one hi/ one, for you to count them, it would ^ake you 'in years to count them, at the rate of one for erery second, without stoi)pin^ to eat or sleep. MOTIONS OF TIIK K.ARTH. I. I< llie Karth >tandinf| still r" \o - it is moving all the time Does it appear to be moving h \o it seems to be standing still, while the sun an night with us. When is it day ? When is it night ? W !iat is the axis of the earth ? An imagi?niry line passing through the globe, and mi which it is supposed to turn. Mow many Seasons are there ? Tour Spring, Summer, Fall (or Autumn) and Winter. ^^ hilt causes the change of the Seasons ? rile moving of the Earth round the Sum everv vear. s«>» TAB],K OF CO\Ti:\TS. '^i^ lABLE OF CONTENTS. 1. DIAGRAM OF IKK GlOHE, PoiNTS OF I 11 !■: CoM- PAsg. !iri(l Paris of a Corxrirv 4 IT. [jsioF (rF.ofjRAi'uiCA). Tfrms ( witUoiit (lefini- tions) r»-l> I. Plivsical Divisions of tlie Kartli Land and Water 5 11. Political Divisi ns, S:i\ of tlio Kartli, Riilf^FN, LegifMilsifureM, &c (> 7 III. Variou- Phni'^es 7 IV. Diivftiou^i. or Points of the (^ompass S V. liHi'^inary l/ines,.Ve. on the Ivirth's Surface... \) 111. iNTRODrcrORV (^(KSriONS (\'. (iKo(ii{A!'HY OF Xov.v Scotia 10 23 1 The Prvinee of Xova Scotia Hiwlc^rj, &c. 10 'J. Nova Scotia Pro|er and Cajte Breton Ishnd... 11 3. Cniuitie.'^ in XovaScotiaand Caj^e Breton " 4. Pir««lii<»tioii!^9 ^:c- of the PiMvinv'o ll-l'» ft. Priiicipiil aiivers* Principal liuy.** l'» (^ Principal Ef urborw, Cap^^w, and ."fl »i.9iitainN 14 7. Priui'ipil l4, and Vill'>i;^<-'N 15 8. Principal Toiviiw and Vi!!lsi;5*'» •'^> 1*> '.». C4»uii(>\ T<»^viiw1ii]i, To%vii (distill- t;uished from one another) 10 17 10. Fi.vtent, Houndarie.^, &c 17-18 II. Tahular View of Vov.i Scotia ID 20 12. Ivvaiuinition (^le.stions 20 2;i V. t N lIlODrCTIOV TO (llCNKR.VL (iFOORAI'HV 24 80 1. Xiimes of Places which we very often rea'l or he:ir al>ont 24 2G 2. l)ia'j;r;un of the noiiiinioii, and IVortli AisifTioa 24 VI. TABLE or CONTENTS. 83 I'lige r. t» f) 8 10 23 10 11 11-1. '5 1.". U 15 15 1»» ir, 17 17- -18 11) 20 20 23 24 80 • ). <). (). 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1(). 17. 18. 19. VI. Gk I. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12. 13. 14. 25 2(> 29 29 i^4 26 24 V]ace< in tho !flolli«T Country, in ii^iir4»I>e*', in AtiK^rieiiv juki in Awiu... Plact'^' in ItVica* and in Ocennia L(t'a('nnp^ Places of Interest on the iVohe hi'ioliy notictMl 2(\ Countries and Capitals Ivvercises on the Map or flloh<^ 29-30 Distances of Places fr »hi Halifax 30-31 C)ni|)arative Sizes of Places 3l,(')3 l^elitive Positions of Places 32 The Old \%^€>rl€l and the Xew World 33 "^'ortli AffiK^rica 34 The l>€»iiiiiii<»n of Caii'titla 34,35, .58 ProvincK^vs of the Doniinion 35, 58, ()4 Cities of the Domini n 30, 00, Vy^y i\^ Tlie Hotlier Touiitry 30 37 Places in the M ither Country (with retnarks) .37 38 r' .(-es in England 37 r -es in WaloM, Scotland, Ireland .">8 The British Kni]. ire 1^> Ivxtent 39 Round the World in Kinhty D lys 40 NKH VL ViIOWOPMaI* OF IIIK WOULT) 41 57 Gnu'l Divisions of the I^and and Water, Or Old Iwlanil fiiron|»M, Sec, 41 Iin[>t)itnit Sinsle IwlsindM 42 IVincip-d ?I<»nntaln RanK<^M '^- '^> Sin,i:;1e 1I<»iintainN and Voloanoc^M Principal RiverM and I^akeN 44 Principil !«»«*■ ;»« PriiK'ipil If syM, CnnllN, StraitN Principal C'liannelw, lNtlinin»i»<^w, Pe- nin»9il ?>>t 47 Princi)):d C':8|»e«<(,Wsitc^rt'iillw,l>e!K'ertM 48 Princi[)il 1»B nin^, Valleyw, Foreslw 49 (yplehrate 1 Scenery iO "0 NAil^ifAL W(>\ D Kits' OF THK WoULD rO i>i ARilKlClAI. W()\1»F,I{S OP HIE WOHI.I) ( Ke- markahh' Stru'-tures, «S:c,). 51 .">3 Rkmahk viuj'! Pi-.v("Ks - (sh rt notices of ) 53 57 The CN»9itii6entM 53 Oe Noted 7 VII. -^Jritish America. '...'. f>8 «')>< 1. Tabular View of British America (>0 (i2 2. Compaiative sizes i^i FiOyinoes (i'l 3. County Divisions, Districts, &c 4. Counties of Nova Scotia, New Bi tinswick, and P. E. Island " Provinces and Colonies What notf d for tU 6. Britisli American Cities — What noted for tM tiT t. Population ui Cities and Towns in the Domi- nion— (Census of 1871)..... ....(>" t>.^ VII- The United States... H9 72 Population of leading Cities in United States. . . 72 IX. The Old World— Divisions of the Old Worhl,.... 73 X— Countries and Cities on the Globe 73 79 1. Countries and Cities of JBiirope 73 74 2. Countries and Cities of Asia 74 7r> 3. Countries and Cities of Africa 75 7«» 4. Countries and Cities of Morr It America.. 77 5. Countries and Cities of So titli America... 77 (). Cities of Australia, Taenia nia and Me\%' Zealand. "'"^ XI. Oceania -Divisions of Oceania 7f< 79 I. ilala^^si^ or the East India Archipelago 7^ II. AuBtralaHfa Islands apd Towns III. mdaneiiia -Principal Islands iV. Pol^'nesia— l^rincipal Groims and Islands 79 .\U.— Size, Shape and Motions of the Earth 80 SI . ■ i)i Qd • ■ • tu ...i}0 -♦',7 ai- ...07 -t>s ...H9 7i> • • • 7ii • ■ • 73 .73 79 ..73 74 ...74 75 ...75 7r, %' u.. 77 1 b. 7.'< .'.*.*7f< 79 7^ Is 79 ..80 SI