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CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historicai iVIicroreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions hiatoriques

1980

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32X

FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE.

THE COAL TRADE.

Its Great Deyelopment Under the

Operation of the National

Policy.

THE QUEBTIOH OF DUTY.

lf«ll*re Ki«Tena« €*ll«etMl ftrcaa C««l
tk»n from Tea sad €oir«« Vader tke
Old THriff— Emiiloyinent for Lalx'r
AflTwrdctl— InterproTlBClBl Trade Pr**
■noted.

{To the Editor qftht QaxetU.)

Bib, — DesiriDg to look into the effects of the
National Policy on the coal trade of Nova
Scotia, I prepared the following table from
official records : —

Sales In Tons. 1874>78. 1880.86.

Tola! coal sales 3,480.705 7,0BH,63S

t^old to Utiited State* 667,e80 B87,94U

Bold to other ooau-

trles 411,530 564.306

Sold within Domin-
ion 3,401,495 6,801,390

Per annum Per annum

average avemgo

1874-78. 1880-85.

Total ooal sales 696,141 1,176,5H9

Bold to United Slates 133,586 97,990
Hold to other ooun-

tries 83,80' 94,034

Bold within Domla-

Ion 480,399 988,898

The average increases in 1880-85 period
over the 1874-78 period are- In total ooal
salt's, protective period over unprotected,
68.87 per cent.; in coal Mies to other coun-
fricB, protective period over unprotected, 14.25
per cent; in coal sales within the Dominion,
protective period over unprotected, 101.30
per cent. The decrease in sales to tne United
States is 36.27 per cent.

Looking over the tows of tigures which I
have collated, I Und three great facts stand'
log out prominently :

1 . Confederation does uot appear to have
injured that great branch of Nova Scotian in
dnstry — the coal mining industry. The total
coal sales iu 1868 were 453,6'.14 tons. There
w*6 then a duty of fl.25 per ton on Nova
Hcotian coal shipped to the llnited States.

Of the total sales of that year, 198,010
ions went to the United States and 63,840
tons to other countries, leaving 200,864 tons
to bo distributed throughout the Dominion.

In 1873 the United States duty on Nova
Scotinn co^'. waa 76 cents a ton, and the quan-
tity Shipped (81 trade returns) to the United
States was 226,068 tons out of a total of
881,106 tons th« remainder being diotiibuted:
topther countries, 138,847 tons, and tot use
within the Dominlos, 516,207 tons— an in-
crease of 128 per cent.

In 1875, '76, '77 and '78, the years of geo-
eral depiession when Canada bad no fence up
to keep out poachera on her industries, the
tetal sales varied but little, while the quan-
tity going to the United States dwindled till
In 1879 It was but 63,936 tons, or three and
a httif times less than the amount of 1373.
During that same distressful period the sales
for consumption, wl'.hlu Canada, also varied
but little, being as follows; '75, 483.939
tons ; '76, 46:i,«90 tons ; '77, 666,856 tons,
and '78, 608,068 tons.

Since llio present tariff has been In force
the sales to the United Slates have shown no
impiovnment; tliose <• to other countries"
coriHiderablo improvement, while tho«e for
home oonsumptioii in Canada have risen year

by year from 654,606 t«D8 in 1879 to 1,062,-
661 tons in 1885.

Now, bad the province bees out of thecon>
federacy the sales to the United States would
cortainly not have been otbcrwise ttian the
records show, while the sales to the other
provinces would not have shown the same
gratifying increase or anything like it. When
it is lecolleoted that nearly 23,000 persons,
big and little, live by the coal industry io
Nova Scotia it ought surely to be a matter of
congratulation among the people of that
proTince, as weU as throughout Canada, that
they joined the union in • 867.

2. The present tariff does not appear to
have prevented the Nova Scotian coal owners
from selling to outside countries other than
the United States, since the yearly average
of such sales shows an increase of 14 per
cent. Some thought the National Policy
would increase cost of articles so that the
Nova Scotia coal would be prevented from
succeeding in competition with coal mined in
free trade countries. These fears have been
proved groundless.

3. The table given above shows beyond a
doubt that tbe present tariff has stimulated
the ooal trade lo a very great degree ; an in-
crease within the Dominion of over 100 per
cent, in the consumption of home raised coal
within the short period of six years is little
short of marvellous.

In 1885, the coal sales from Nova Scotian
mines within tbe Dominion were Ave limes
those of 1868. In 1868 the proportion of
homo raised coal sales to imported coal was
2 tons to 15 tons ; in 1885, it was 2 tonn to
10 tons. The homo article gaius on tlie im-
ported slowly, it is true, but It gains. Up to
1878 the imported article was outstiippiiig the
home. The tide then turned, and little by
little the home article has gained In the
market against the foreign. It is good news
to'luarn that the most recent returns indicate
that last year shows even a greater proportion-
ate improvement.

This increase in home cr<nsumpt ion hau been
secured by the operation of the National
Policy, without increasing the burden of tax-
ation borne by the general publio.

The price of coul at the customs houses of
Canada, as entered by the impoiters in 1874,
averageil $4.72 per ton. The average last
year was $3.70.

Further, had the Gk)vernmeut been unable
to obtain any revenue from coal It would
have been compelled to retain tbe dutleM ou
tea and coffee.

The opponents of the present tariff say their
plan is to place a duty on tea and coffee and
take it off coal. What would be tho result ?

Coal, tea and coffee iu 1885 paid duty as
in tho tlrrt column of figures below. Had the
Cartwrlght tariff been iu force they would have
paid duties as i(iven in the secoud column ;—

nrit column, Second column.
Ooal $i,oe4.a8i

Tea 83,436 1,083,039

Cofiee 81,307 80,H14

Total $1,118,904 tl,llH,863

That iB to say under the revenue tarllf of
the Liberals the whole Dominion would have
In 1886 paid Jtist $,59 less than it actually
paid, the ooal Industry of Nova ScotU
would have been closed, 20,000 persons
would have been cump<dled to go to tlie
States seeking a livelihood and $16,000,000
or $20,000,000 of capital Invested would have
been lost — sunk In holes In the ground and
In rapidly rusting nut machinery. Hy paving
$60 a year more under a readjusted tariff a
great industry has been set on its leg* and it
growing sturdy and strong.

QKO JOHNSON.