IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 '■ IM 1112,2 u ii m ;.4 12.0 1.8 1.6 ^ <^t' /a 'ns du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the bick cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first oage with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frar..« vr t^^h microfiche shall contain the symbol — .neaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. These too large to be entirely included in one exposure are tilmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimde sont filmds en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^- signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessa re. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata o 3elure, 1 d □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. THE COAL TRADE. Its Great Deyelopment Under the Operation of the National Policy. THE QUEBTIOH OF DUTY. lf«ll*re Ki«Tena« €*ll«etMl ftrcaa C««l tk»n from Tea sad €oir«« Vader tke Old THriff— Emiiloyinent for Lalx'r AflTwrdctl— InterproTlBClBl Trade Pr** ■noted. {To the Editor qftht QaxetU.) Bib, — DesiriDg to look into the effects of the National Policy on the coal trade of Nova Scotia, I prepared the following table from official records : — Sales In Tons. 1874>78. 1880.86. Tola! coal sales 3,480.705 7,0BH,63S t^old to Utiited State* 667,e80 B87,94U Bold to other ooau- trles 411,530 564.306 Sold within Domin- ion 3,401,495 6,801,390 Per annum Per annum average avemgo 1874-78. 1880-85. Total ooal sales 696,141 1,176,5H9 Bold to United Slates 133,586 97,990 Hold to other ooun- tries 83,80' 94,034 Bold within Domla- Ion 480,399 988,898 The average increases in 1880-85 period over the 1874-78 period are- In total ooal salt's, protective period over unprotected, 68.87 per cent.; in coal Mies to other coun- fricB, protective period over unprotected, 14.25 per cent; in coal sales within the Dominion, protective period over unprotected, 101.30 per cent. The decrease in sales to tne United States is 36.27 per cent. Looking over the tows of tigures which I have collated, I Und three great facts stand' log out prominently : 1 . Confederation does uot appear to have injured that great branch of Nova Scotian in dnstry — the coal mining industry. The total coal sales iu 1868 were 453,6'.14 tons. There w*6 then a duty of fl.25 per ton on Nova Hcotian coal shipped to the llnited States. Of the total sales of that year, 198,010 ions went to the United States and 63,840 tons to other countries, leaving 200,864 tons to bo distributed throughout the Dominion. In 1873 the United States duty on Nova Scotinn co^'. waa 76 cents a ton, and the quan- tity Shipped (81 trade returns) to the United States was 226,068 tons out of a total of 881,106 tons th« remainder being diotiibuted: topther countries, 138,847 tons, and tot use within the Dominlos, 516,207 tons— an in- crease of 128 per cent. In 1875, '76, '77 and '78, the years of geo- eral depiession when Canada bad no fence up to keep out poachera on her industries, the tetal sales varied but little, while the quan- tity going to the United States dwindled till In 1879 It was but 63,936 tons, or three and a httif times less than the amount of 1373. During that same distressful period the sales for consumption, wl'.hlu Canada, also varied but little, being as follows; '75, 483.939 tons ; '76, 46:i,«90 tons ; '77, 666,856 tons, and '78, 608,068 tons. Since llio present tariff has been In force the sales to the United Slates have shown no impiovnment; tliose <• to other countries" coriHiderablo improvement, while tho«e for home oonsumptioii in Canada have risen year by year from 654,606 t«D8 in 1879 to 1,062,- 661 tons in 1885. Now, bad the province bees out of thecon> federacy the sales to the United States would cortainly not have been otbcrwise ttian the records show, while the sales to the other provinces would not have shown the same gratifying increase or anything like it. When it is lecolleoted that nearly 23,000 persons, big and little, live by the coal industry io Nova Scotia it ought surely to be a matter of congratulation among the people of that proTince, as weU as throughout Canada, that they joined the union in • 867. 2. The present tariff does not appear to have prevented the Nova Scotian coal owners from selling to outside countries other than the United States, since the yearly average of such sales shows an increase of 14 per cent. Some thought the National Policy would increase cost of articles so that the Nova Scotia coal would be prevented from succeeding in competition with coal mined in free trade countries. These fears have been proved groundless. 3. The table given above shows beyond a doubt that tbe present tariff has stimulated the ooal trade lo a very great degree ; an in- crease within the Dominion of over 100 per cent, in the consumption of home raised coal within the short period of six years is little short of marvellous. In 1885, the coal sales from Nova Scotian mines within tbe Dominion were Ave limes those of 1868. In 1868 the proportion of homo raised coal sales to imported coal was 2 tons to 15 tons ; in 1885, it was 2 tonn to 10 tons. The homo article gaius on tlie im- ported slowly, it is true, but It gains. Up to 1878 the imported article was outstiippiiig the home. The tide then turned, and little by little the home article has gained In the market against the foreign. It is good news to'luarn that the most recent returns indicate that last year shows even a greater proportion- ate improvement. This increase in home cr