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BY THE AUTHOR \-) Toronto : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. ■ t858. ■A .,»>-*: r*^ « \J-v f i \' # MH / f r^ ^ NEW THEORY r o 1 i ^ff TAMING WILD HORSES, BT THE AUTHOR. t \\ r n 1 : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 1858. J I Iff * Fib offer comp bis n Sb( bey 01 our V Th natui objec not J To the r offer thouj defici wrorii not able come he ha ofth( derat a ser' will ( he wi Godl THE i THREE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OP MY THEORY |0uui^& 0n i\t lading €\u'ulnuim oi' THE HORSE. First. — That he is so constituted by nature that he will not offer resistance to any 'demand made of him, which he fully comprehends, if made in a way consistent with the laws of his nature. Second. — That he has no consciousness of his strength beyond his experience, and he can be handled according to our will without force. Third.— That we can, in compliance T/ith the laws of his nature, by which he examines all things new to him, take any object, however frightful, around, over or on him, that does not iniaict pain, without causing him to fear. To take these assertions in order, I will first give you some of the reasons why I think he is naturally obedient, and will not oflFer resistance to anything fully comprehended. The horse, though possessed of some faculties superior to man's, being deficient in reasoning powers, has no knowledge of right or wrong, of free will and independent government, and knows not of any imposition practiced upon him, however unreason- able these impositions may be. Consequently, he cannot come to any decision what he should or should not do, because he has not the reasoning faculties of man, to argue the justice of the thing demanded of him. If he had, taking into consi- deration his superior strength, he would be useless to man as a servant. Give him mind proportion to his strength, and he will demand of us the green fields for his inheritance, where he will roam at leisure, denying the right of servitude at all. God has wisely formed his nature so that it can be operated I sive servant. Thif truTh we can I'': ""^on^cioui, submia- experience by the abuses practiced unn/^''^ '"^ ^""''y ^^y'' choses to be so cruel, can mount th^rt:,*'''"- ^"^ «"« ^^o til he drops with fa igue or a t ,,^^^^f ^^d «nd run him spirited, falls dead beneath his rTder rf ^.' ^^ ^^^^ ^^''e to reason, would he not y&uhlLJfi J^ ^® ^'^^ the power Buffer him to run him to death ?^5fJ* ^'^ T^"' rather than carry at all the vain imposter who wT^k ^' condescend to J^aa try ng to impose on^h «' ^al nJh ^V '^"^^ ^"^^"ect. dent sp rit ? But, happily for u,h«^^*« ^"'^ ^^"^11^ i^idepen- imposition, no thought of di.nL^- *' °° consciousness of caused by the violaffon of Se aro?'v^''^' ^^ ^«^P"^«e quently when disobedient, it if 1^^^^? of' mar'"" ' ^^"^^* -ttaKr:,^"*^^^^^^ that, if a horse is will do anything that he fuHvTn ^\^^^^ of his nature, he wy offer of resistance ^ ^^^^Prehends without making iiecond. The fact n€ i\.^ \. . amount of his strength can hT'Z '^"«^ ""^onsciou. of the anyone For instafce Sch rem'ar\Ta«' tH '^ ^""^^'^^^^^ «f and perhaps familiar to your recXl *^''^ *"^ common, another, ''Jf that wild horse ther«^-°- 9°® P«"o° says ti of his strength, his owner wouMh,-''"''^"' of theamoun? la that vehicle; such light Teini«n/^ ''*' ^"''°^«« ^^th him he could snap ihem assfndeTfn a°^^:„\^^r'!i 1°°' '' ^« ^'^^^ air we breathe,-" and " that U^se ^onH ?u^ ^* *' ^^«« «« the fretting to follow the company thaUsf!«'/^* ' ^^^^^^ »«d kaew his strength he would Zf • ^* leaving him, if ho hitching post, so much against hW'H ^?.°« ^*«^^»«d *« ha? would no more resist his p^owerf«? w.^ ^1 ^ * ^^^^' ''^^^ *hat a cotton thread would K /"ro^^^^^ and strength, than made common by everv-dav n!!. ^ ^^^' Yet these facts as anything wonderful ^LiK occurrence, are not thought of the different phases of the toon ifT",* ^^" '^ho looses a he looks at her different ch«^^' ^?? ^°°^ «* these things as with the question, 'Xar«,h'' '''-''"* ^'"""^^'"^"^^^ be the condition if tL^world ?^^^^^^^^^^ What wZd If men did not think, reason aL I f ""'"^^ ^^^ dormant? ^ le dictates of oug, submis- evevy day's ^ny one who and run him e with more d the power rather than idescend to lal intellect, •lyindepen- iiousness of 3y impulse fe ; conse- ' a horse ia nature, he ut making >ui of the ifaction of comnaon, ion says to ie amount with him f he knew 'ree as the wing and lim, if ho id to that rein that gtb, than ese facts, lought of looks at bings, as our mind at would ormant? d, slum- » brute ; we would live in chaos, hardly aware of our existence. And yet with all our activity of mind, we daily pass by unobserv- ed that which would be wonderful if philosophised and reas- oned upon, and with the same inconsistency wonder at that which a little consideration, reason, and philosophy would make but a simplr affair. Third. He will allow any object, however frightful in ap- pearance, to come round, over, or on him, that does not in- flict pain. We know from a natural course of reasoning, that there has never been an effect without a cause, and we infer from this that there can be no action, either in animate or inani- mate matter, without there first being some cause to produce it. And from this self-evident fact, we know that there is some cause for every impulse or movement, of either mind or matter, and that this law governs every action or movement of the animal kingdom. Then, according to this theory, there must be some cause before fear can exist ; and if feiir exists from the effect of imagination, and not from the infliction of real pain, it can be removed by complying with those laws of nature by which the horse examines an object, and determines upon its innocence or harm. A log or stump by the road-side may be, in the imagination of the horse, some great beast about to pounce upon him ; but after you take him up to it and let him stand by it a little while, and touch it with his nose, and go through his process of examination, be will not care anything more about it. And the same principle and process will have the same effect with any other object, however frightful in appearance, in which there is no harm. Take a boy that has been frightened by a false face, or any other object that he could not comprehend at once ; but let him take that face or object in his hands and examine it, and he will not care anything more about it. This is a demonstration of the same principle. With this introduction to the principles of my theory, I shall next attempt to teach you how to put it into practice, and, whatever instructions may follow, you can rely on as having been proven practical by my own experiments. And knowing from experience just what obstacles I have met in handling bad horses, I shall try to anticipate them for you, aud assist • ^1 whole task of breaking. ^^^^"^P^^J'i'ig you through the r;i " '"""' " ^""^^'* ^^- --^' -0. ..SX.KE. qu.et, so as not to make them rua tet^"" ""^'^ '^'^ ^«^«™« to drive them in the direction v.., ^^°" are close enough when you begin to dri.J^'do not flouH«h' '''"^ '' ^'- ^"^ but gently follo^v them offJeavin/Z r ^^'.'' ^'"^^ ^'^ ^^"0. that you wish them to take S the direction fKo for them ignorance, you will be ablo'tole? thom"^f '^''^'^^^ «^ '^^i^ as the hunter drives the quaHsfnto M.n V'^'.^'^""^ ^' ^^^'^^Y always run in the pastur^unA "d fo/ ? ' ^""'^ '^ '^'y ^^^^ prairie countries and oq larlli f •' ^^"^ "^^"J^ ^^orses do in why they should not be as w Id ^st'"''^ !'^^^ '« - ^-'^o" require t.ie same gentle trJa ment ^T T'^""^'''' ^''^'^ '^"d Without trouble; for the horse in Lnn^. T"^ '° ^«' '^em as any of the undomesticated animal? h'"' '.'"^'' '' ^' ^i'd . tamed than the most of them ^''''^^^^' ^^'^''Sh more easily HOW TO STA.LE A COLT WITHOUT TROUBLE Thislrilite^Jii^ ,^3V1^?; l'^; ^:Z^^^ « -^^^ or shea, any suspicion in tie horle oinyiZtVfT '1' '^ ^^«'^« best way to do this, is to leadY^lnT , ^^^'^"^«ff him. The first and hitch him, then qSv wall ! '"''f !"'« '^' «*«ble him go in of his own accord It if nr'""?^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^°d let nien, who have never practiced on th-^°'' ^"^P^^^ible to get and considerate enougrabout it T-^' T"''^'^' ^^ ^o slow handling a wild horse, above a * th^rff • *" °^' ^"°^ ^'^^^ i'l adage true, that "haste makL l^sS ,' ""fV^ ^hat good old for the gain of trouble and perp^exitv' ''' '"""'^^ ^^ ^^«^«' thinritrc^eLry^:,^^^^^^^^^^^ ^r' ^"^-^« '^- ife, and thus make two hours work o?«^^' '' '"^"'^ '^^'' this would be all your own fauT an J !• ^^^^^t^^Job ; and ;or, he Will not run unless y^^ri::^^'^!::^^;^:^^^ ]k fivat steps 'ough the 3 quietly, aad run. up their become 3 enough o. And or hallo, for them of their 13 easiljr ley hav^e es do in ' reason da, and et them as wild easiljr f shed. excite The stable md let to get > slow ^at, in 3d old ' time, 9 him of his ; and sary ; rould not be good policy, unless you knew that you could outrua hiin ; for you will have to let him stop of his own accord after all. But he will not try to break away, unless youattempt to force him into measures. If he does not see the way at once, and is a little fretful about going in, do not undertake to drive him, but give him a little less room outside, by gently closing in around him. Do not raise your arms, but let them hang at your side ; for you might as well raise a club. The horse has never studied Anatomy, and does not know but that they will unhinge themselves and 3y at him. If he attempts to turn back, walk before him, but do not run ; and if he gets past you, encircle him again in the same quiet manner, and he will soon find that you are not going to hurt him ; and then you can walk so close around him that he will go into the stable for more room, and get farther from you. As soon as he is in, remove the quiet horse and shut the door. This will be his first notion of confinement — not knowing how he got in such a place, nor how to get out of it. That he may take it as quietly as possible, see that the shed is entirely free from dogsi, chickens, or anything that would annoy him ; then give him a few ears of corn, and l*^t him remain alone fifteen or twenty minutes, until he has axamined his apartment, and has become reconciled to his confinement. TIME TO REFLECT. And now, while your horse is eating these few ears of corn, is the proper time to gee that your halter is ready and all right, and to reflect on the best mode of operations ; for, ia horse breaking, it is highly important that you should be governed by somo system. And you should know, before you attempt to do anything, just what you are going to do, and how you are going to do it. And, if you are experienced in the art of taming wild horses, you ought to be able to tell within a few minutes the length of time it would take you to halter the colt, and learn him to lead. THE KIND OF HALTEE. Always use a leather halter, and be sure to have it made 80 that it will not draw tight, around his nose if he pulls on it. It should be of the right size to fit his head easily ii.ad Ill f I mcelj, so that tbe nose band will not be too tight or tooToTr W put a rope halter on an unbroken colt, under my ckl cums tances whaterer They have caused more horses tcf hu t th./MTn''""' u'^l ""^"^^ P^:^^^'' t^^*ee the cost of all the leather halters that hare ever been needed for the purpose tLnvPr?. •?]''••..'' '' *^"^^f impossible tobreiaS that IS very wild with a rope halter, without having him null rear and throw himself, and thus endanger his lifejand I^w ",' tell you why. It is just as natural for a horse to try andTefc rrZTJ . h ^'''' V'V'' ^'^ y°«'' ^^°^ ««* of a fire. The his Lad andXr '»^^<^.,^'^^ «"«i°gf this makes him raise inL.rfh ^^ Z\ '^' *°^ ^« ««o° as he pulls, the slip- loose [the way rope halters are always madel tightens and pincnes his nose, and then he will /truggle for 1 fe 'nnUl perchance he throws himself; and who would have hi^'horL throw himself, and run the risk of breaking his neck raSS than pay the price of a leather halter? But this is not Jhe Cnl n ^'T '^^' ^^' ^^^^^ P«»«^ ^" ^'« belter can nev4 be as well broken as one that has never pulled at all REMARKS ON THE HORSE. But before we attempt to do anything more with the colt I will give you some of tbe characterisfics of his nat«re tha» you may better understand his motions. Every onelh at hrs ever paid any attention to tbe horse, has noticed his nauraJ una mgntlnl. This is their strange mode of examininor tTn^K^.^- Z^*^' ^^^" '^'y ^'' frightened at anythin/ though they look at it sharply, they seem to have no confi- wtr*.''' ^^^^r^'^^examination alone, but must touch U ::^l^e:i::t^:^,^- entirely satisfied, andaTsoVn^ EXPERIMENT WITH THE ROBE. IfyoHwantto satisfy yourself of this characterhtiV nf f?,^ horse, and learn something of importance conc^^^^^^^^^^ peculiarities of his nature, ect., turn him into thfi hnrn ! 5 or a large stable will do. And then gather nn somPth • ' f^*^ 1 you know will frighten him , a red b?arke?^nffl ? ^^^* something of that'kind. Hold it npttl^ heltse" it' hi will stick up his head and snort. Then throw it down soLe- I) \vhero in the centre of the lot or barn, and walk o^ to one side. V. atch his motions and study his nature. If he is frightened at the object, he will not rest until he has touched it with his nose. You will see him begin to walk around the robe and snort, all the time getting a little closer, as if drawn up by some magic spell, until he finally gets within reach of it. He will then very cautiously stretch out his neck as far as he can reach, merely touching it with his nose, as though he thought it was ready to fly at him. But after he has re- peated these touches a few times, for the first(though he haa been looking at it all the time,) he seems to have an idea what it is. But now he has found, by the sense of feeling, that it is nothing that will do him any harm, and he is ready to play with it. And if you watch him closely, you will see him take hold of it with, bis teeth, and raise it up and pull at it. And in a few minutes you can see that he has not that same wild look about his eye, but stands like a horse biting at some familiar strmp. Yet the horse is never so well satisfied when he is about anything that has frightened him, as when he is standing with his nose to it. And in nine cases out of ten, you will see some of that same wild look about him again, as he turns to walk from it. And you will probably see him looking back very suspiciously as he walks away, as though he thought it might come after him yei. And in all probability, he will have to go back and make another examination before he is satisfied." But he will familiarize himself with it, and, if he should run in that lot a few days, the rope that frightened him so much at first, will be no more to him than a familiar stump. SUPPOSITIONS ON THE SENSE OF SMELLING, We might very naturally suppose, from the fact of the h rse's applying his nose to everything ne^^ to him, that he always does so for the purpose of smelling these objects. But I believe that it is as much or more for the purpose of feeling, and that he makes use of his nose, or muzzle,(as it is somcr times called), as we would of our hands; because it is the only organ by which he can touch or feel anything with much susceptibility. I believe ihat he invariably makes use of the four senses, seeing, hearing, smelling and feeling, in all of his examiua- a2 i ii 1 !; 10 tlons, of which the sense of feeline is oerh/iTiii (ho ™„.. •_ portant And I think that in th? 5per S with T robe" ™ of? Ti "'''"••"'"'' """^ «""' ">"el> with his nose was as r, wto'Tern'th t u^'z-'t^ ""r'r« ^'-' ^'-»- " to touch his „°ose a^'att an/u g i^orderrrertT/" """ yi » imie. Ana, ir the scent of thp mho -ruac „n j.u <. rrrx7eVit :;^\i??^^^^^ -- -'^ -^' ^r bu^! t.::: disLce ?rom h- t • ^ ^'""''^ '^^' ^"'^ ^'"e"^ a robe a short So uHr n' ^ ^' J^^y ™«ch frightened (unless he is usea to It,) until he touches or i^els it with his no.,*.. ^hiX .s a posuue proof t.,at feeling is the coalroUi'g s^eS iftht PREVAILLVG OPINION OF HORSEMAN Sri-^itXa^^iSinrthriiti^ieH^^^^^ Arabian Ar^ nf V ^°^ ^^i^^^her, in his work entitled "The Araoian Art ot Taraingr Horses" nao-fi iT foiio ,.0 i. x ho™Tc!n' on" ^'"' "' '^/ °"' ^'^^' ^'^^ «"^ «'"^1« reason we want Lm to dn v'^rV'^r *^ ^'^^ ^^^««'« ™»'d of what any Idnd a^n nf ^^"°* **^"" ^^ ^^^^-^^ strong seen ts of ?o?, everythiW tha't ZT^^l t *""^°^ *^^ ""^^^^^^ h«=«^- or, everything that we get him to do of his own accord 11 e most im- th the robe, ose, was as his sense of larj for him t the proper he distance I that was t we know obe a short nless he is ose; which inse in this erallj that >rse. And ap receipts sometimes into pow- the oil of ong smell, rom under etc. All latever in d; though ra, touch- I, as they may have ict of the tied "The 3 how to I articles stfir£;t bo ■eak him, le reason of what seen ts of m horse. I accord vrithout force, must be accomplished by some means of con- veying our ideas to his mind. I say to you horse, " go-long!' and de goes ; "ho 1 " and he stops ; because these two words, of which he has learned the meaning by the tap of the whip and the pull of the rein that first accompanied them, convey the two ideas to his mind of go and stop. Faucher, or no one else, can ever learn the horse a single thing by the means of scent alone. How long do you suppose a horse would have to stand and smell off a bottle of oil before he would learn to bend his knee and make a bow at your bidding, " go yonder and bring your hat, or, "come here and lie down?" Thus you see the ab- surdity of trying to break or tame the horse by the means of receipts for articles t6 smell of, or medicine to give him, of any kind whatever. The only science that has ever existed in the world, relative to the breaking of horses, that has been of any account, is that true method which takes them to their native state, and improves their intellij^ nee. POWEL'S SYSTEM OF APPROACHING THE COLT. But, before we go further, I will give you Willis J. Powel's system of approaching a wild colt, as given by him in a work published in Europe, about the year 1814, on the " Art of Taming Wild Horses." He says, " A horse is gentled by my secret in from two to sixteen hours." The time I have most commonly employed has been from four to six hours. He goes on to say : " Cause your horse to be put in a small yard stable or room. If in a stable or room, it ought to be large, in order to give him some exercise with the halter before you lead him out. If the horse belongs to that class which ap- pears only to fear man, you must introduce yourself gently into the stable, room or yard, where the horse is. He will naturally run from you, and frequently turn his head from you ; but you must walk about extremely slow and softly, so that he can see you whenever he turns his head towards you, which he never fails to do in a short time, say in a quarter or half an hour. I never knew one to be much longer without turning towards me. " At the very moment he turr?s his head, hold out your left hand towards him, and star i perfectly still, keeping your eyes upon his horse, watching is motions, if he make any 12 If the horse does . , .^, °^* ^}^^fo^ ten or fifteen minutes, advance as slowly as possible and without making the least niise, alwaja holding out your left hand, without any other ingredient in it than what eature put m it." He says, - I have made use of certain ingredients before people, such as the sweat under mv arm, etc to disguise the real secret, and many believe that the docility, to which the horse arrived in so short a time was owing to those ingredients; but you see from this exnlai nation that they were o no use whatever. The implicit faiih placed in hese ingredients, though innocent of themselves become 'faith wihout works.' And thus men remained always m doubt concerning this secret. If the horse makes the lelst ?.T° rn'" ^?,V^.^^"'^ *°^«^^« ^^°^' ^^*«P' ^°d remain per- lectly still until he is quiet. Remain a few moments in this condition, and then advance again in the same slow and a ! most imperceptible mn..ner. Take notice if the horse stirt stop without changing your position. It is very uncommon for the horse to stir more than once after you beginTo ad^ ranee yet there are exceptions. He generally keer^ his eves steadfast on yoa until you get near enough to touch hL^on the forehead. When you are thus near to him, raise slo^lv and by degrees your hand, and let it come in contact withTh at Jnl^fl- ^^^"^7 ^^' °°'^'."' ^' ^^'g^^'y ^« possible. If the horse flinches, (as many will,) repeat with great rapidity these ^ght strokes upon the forehead, going a little furEp to! wards his ears by degrees, and decending with the Lme ^.pidity until he will let you handle his forehead all ov?r Now let the strokes be repeated with more force over aO Ins W n t'-i'^''''^^^"^^^^'^^'^^ ^^^^^^^«t« <^^^h side of h s bead, unti you can handle that part with equal fadlity Then touch in the came light n.ainer, making your hands and fingers play around the lower part of the Worse's e^rs come down now and then to his forehead, which m.y be looked upon as the helm th.i governors all at r^st. ^ the neck'wirthe L^J'' ^^'"^^''"^ ^"^ ^^^«' '^^^^"^^ '^^^^^^ tne neck, with the same precautions, and in the same min 5, adyanceas loise, alwajs fredieut in it made use of at under my believe that hort a time, 1 this expla- Tnplicit faiih themselves, lined always ces the least remain per- ents in this low and al- horse stirs, uncommon egin to ad- 5ps his ejes ich him on aise slowly, !t with that le. If the iidity these Lher up to- the same I all over, ver all his side of his il facility. our hands jrse's ears, h may be :e towards ame man- he strokes le on both rms with- sides, and fse shows 13 any nevousness return immediately to the forehead as the true standard, patting him with your hands, and from thence rap- idly to where you had already arrived, always gaining ground a considerublo distance farther on every time this happens. The head, ears, neck and body being thus gentled, proceed from the back to the root of the tail. " This must be managed with dexterity, as a horse is never to be depended on that is skittish about the tail. Let your hand fall lightly and raj)idly on that part next to the body a minute or two, and then you will begin to give it a slight pull upwards every quarter of a minute. At the same time you continue this handling of him, augment the force of the strokes as well as the raising of the tail, until you can raise it and handle it with the greatest ease, which commonly hap- pens in a quarter of an hour in most horses, in others almost immediately, and in some, much longer. It now remains to handle all his legs j from the tail come back again to the head, handle It well, as likewise the ears, breast, neck, etc., speaking now and then to the horse. Begin by degrees to descend to the legs, always ascending and descending, gaining ground every time you descend, until you get to his feet. "Talk to the horse in Latin, Greek, French, English or Spanish, or any other language you please ; but let him hear the sound of your voice, which at the beginning of the oper- ation is not quite so necessary, but which I have always done in making him lift up his feet. Hold up your foot — ' Live la pied' — ' Alsa el pie' — ' Aron ton poda,' etc., at the same time lift his foot with your band. He soon becomes familiar with the sounds, and will hold up his foot at command. Then proceed to the hind feet, and go on in the same manner; and in a short time the horse will let you lift them and even take them up in your arms. "All this operation is no magnetism; no galvanism ; it is merely taking away the fear a ho \ generally has of a man, and familiarizing the animal with his master ; as the horse doubtless experiences a certain pleasure from this handling, he will soon become gentle under it, and show a very marked attachment to his keeper." H i 1 jf - L 1^1 I 1* REMARKS ON P0WEi;3 TRI^ATMEyT-HOW TO GOVERN HORDES uj? AiN I Kl>f D. h Ji?%'° n'?"^'?"' ^? J''^ ^°°^' ^"* "^^' n»ite sufficient for horses of ftll kinds, and for haltering and leading the colt : bu I have inserted it here because it gives some of the true philosophy of approacn.ng the horse, and of establishing con- that"fel?mir" '"'''' ^""^ ^'°"''* ""^ '^®*^'^ """^^ °^ '^° ''^"^ To those who understand the philosophy of horsemanship L Jfl^ fr 'T''' '''^^"^^ ' ^^ ^hen we have a horse that Hrl /""i ^^^^^' ""^ ^^" ^'^^^ '"™ ^« 0"^ ^i"i" a very short to nhL. p ?.f "^ generally quick to learn, and always ready to obey But there is another kind that are of a stubborn or VICIOUS disposition, and although they are not wild, and do ZJIT'" .'^™'"^' ^" '^^ ^^"^^ '^ ^' S^'^^'^Uy understood! need to bi"fp """ '/•'?"* ^' ^ ^^^ ^°''^«' '^ "«' ™«^« 'o, and nhpvl?- li ."•''•'"'^^' '""^^'' ^"'i ^« order to have them 1^1? r--^' \* '' 7^^ necessary that they should be made to fZ V^'^'"' ^^'''^^ ^''^^^ *« obtain perfect obedienco from any horse, we must first have him fear us, for our motto llJZl':""'^^^ ^''^' ^^^ '^^ "^^^^ ^^^« ^»^« fiulfilmrtof the hrst two, before we can expect the latter, and it is by our philosophy of creating fear, love and confidence, that we govern to our will every kind of a horse whatever. ' ' ^' "^^ o J^f^°i ^" °[t^ *° ^^^"^ ^°^^^^ *3 we find them, of all kind-, and to train hem to our likings, we will always 'take with us 7^Z T ^V°^° ^ '^""^^^ *« ^^^^° * ^°lt, a loig switch whip' (whalebone buggy whips are the best), wi h a good silk cracker' so as to cut keen and make a shar/ieport, wMch, handled with dexterity and rightly applied, accomp'ani.d with a "harn WUh Z'' T-^^ '^ «"ffi«ientto enliven the spirits of anvhorscf With this whip in your right hand, with the lash pointing backward, enter the stable alone. It'is a great di advantage^ m training a horse, to have any one in the stable with you ' self tn °H^ be entirely alone, so as to have nothing but /our^ self to attract his attention. If he is wild, you will soon see hjm from the opposite side of the stable from^ouT and now is the time to use a little judgment. I would not want for mv- anvkTnTnf '" .^.^^^ ^/^bree- quarters of an hour ti han^ e Srm.?. thon^h'r^ ^r/'"^ running abor. in the stable atter me , though I would advise a new beginucr to take more OVERN HORDES te sufficient for ding the colt ; me of the true ablishing con- Ij of the kind horsemanship, e a horse that in a very short always ready a stubborn or wild, and do y understood, ; more so, and to have them Id be made to ict obedienco for our motto fiulfilmentof d it is by our ice, that we r. of all kind?, take with us, switch whip, silk cracker, b, if handled with a sharp of any horsp. ish pointing isadvantage, 9 with you ; ig but your- '^ill soon see and now is ant, for my- ir to handle n the stable to take more 15 time, and not to be in too much of a hurry. If you have but one colt to gentle, and are not particular about the length of time you spend, and have not had any experience in handling colts, I would advise you to take Mr. Powel's method at first, till you gentle him, which he says, takes from two to six hours. But as I wt»nt to nccorapliih the same, and what is much more, learn the horse to lead in less than one hour, ^ shall give you a much quic-er pro^^ess of accompllshirg the same end. Accordingly, when you have entered the stable, stand still and let your horse look at you a minute or two ; and as soon as he is settled in one place, approach him slow- ly, with both arms stationary, your right hanging by your side, holding the whip as directed, and the left bent at the elbow, with your hand projecting. As you approach hina, go not too much towards bis head or croup, so as not to make him move, either forward or backward, thus keeping your horse stationary ; if he does move a little, either forward or backward, step a little to the right or left very cautiously; this will keep him in one place. As you get very near him, draw a little to his shoulder, and stop a few seconds. If you are in his reach, he will turn his head and smell off your hand, not that he has any preference for your hand, but because that is prejecting, and is the nearest portion of your body to the horse. This all colts will do; and they will smell of your naked I and just as quick as they will of anything that you can put in it, and with just as good an effect, however much some men have preached the doctrine of taming horses by giving them the scent of articles from the hand. I have al- ready proved that to be a mistake. As soon as he touches his nose to your hand, caress him as before directed, always using a very light, soft hand, merely touching the horse, always rub- bing the way the hair lays, so that your hand will pas3 along as smoothly as possible. As you stand by his side you may find it more convenient to rub his neck or the side of his head, which will answer the same purpose as rubbing his forehead. Favor every inclination of the horse to smell or touch you with his nose. Always follow each touch or communication of this kind with the most tender and affectionate caresses, accompanied with a kind look, and pleasant word of some sort, such as — Ho 1 my little boy, ho 1 my little boy, pretty boy, nice lady ! or somethii-g of that kind, constantly repeat- ing to tame words, with the same kind, steady tone of voice ; 6 , ■ \ .', I i I I i ■ f F 16 for the horse soon learns to read the expression of the f.ioe pievail. as you know your own feelings; two of which fLr and anger, a good horseman should never feel. ' HOW TO PROCEED IF YOUR HORSE IS OF A STUBBORN DISPOSITION. bom^or muS 'T'^^^^ ^^1"^ ^■''^' '''^'' ^o be of a stub- approach him or t^'^''V^"i '^ ^'' ^""^^ ^^'^ bis ears as A ou r^ard or S of , '"' r^^''^^'' ^''^ ^'""' ^'^ ^^^^^ "«t that handle h m n n i ii '"^^^^^'^L^^« should have, to enable you to clolto tL hn^ "f' V!^ '^^" ^^'^^'f'' ^^<'"t tl^e l^g«, pretty Close to the body.; It will cr.uk keen as it plies around h« rkroke-'beTd^' °'^'r'^'^ ^^^^^ aff.ct\t"armud/a hmmore th«n^t^^ ^^«^' ^»« ^^gs ^iH affect inTer part onl r ''' 'V'' T' ^'^ back, the skin on the enough to scare him if i.nnfu ^ ^'"^ "'"''^' J'*«<^ horse that vt?L\- ^'- "'^^ because we want to hurt the position oVt^n^ ^"n ' """ °"'^' ^« ^' to scare that bad dis- position out of him. But V hatever you do, do ouicklv sharn y'ou'arrfoi:.^?' '''' f''^^ ^"' always'wiU?out an^g r "'if you are going to scare him at all you must do it at oncP unThf • '"'' f P^i'^ ^""^« '"'^'^ y-^^ bore, and whip hm 'mm a? all f^t '"^ '' ,' ^^''' '^"^ ' ^«« ^^^ '^^"^^ ««* Touch feeTini of^r./r ^J^! ^^^ablish instead of fear and regard, erood^nf .•"'''*' ^^^''^ ^"^ ^'^ ^i'^- It will do him nJ mm, but If you succeed in scaring him, you can whio him T2::nTJi' '^" "f ' ^"^ ^-^- -^ -c- -vei" t 0. bnd that h^ th''' f ""^ .^' '^^" ^^ «^^^ i^ ^^^ibl«> you will fteiif^Li^h- ^"'u^^'.^'^^I^P'^^^'^- ^^^ soon as you have fie.ghtened him so that he will stand up straight and pay some d aTmore thC' ^""'T'"' ,^1™ ^g^-' -^ caress 1111^ good oon rT ^" •?'''" ^'^^PPed i»m, then you will excit- the two w'S oir^ Pff^""' "^^^^^ ""^'^''^"' ^«^« «^^J f^^'-. and then he 17 HOW TO HALTER AND LEAD A COLT. As soon as jou have gentled the colt a little, take the halter in your left hand and approach hina as before, and on the same side that you hare gentled him. If he is very timid about your approaching closely to him, you can get up to him quick- er by making the whip a part of your arm, and reaching out very gently with the butt-end of it; rubbing him lightly on the neck, all the time getting a little closer, shortening the whip by taking it up in your hand, until you finally get close enough to put your hands on him. If he is inclined to hold his head from you, put the end of his halterslrap around his nec\, drop your whip, and draw very gently ; he will let his neck give and you can pull his head to you. Then take hold of that part of the halter which buckles over the top of his head, and pass the long side, ©r that part which goes into the buckle under his neck, grasping it on the opposite side with your right hand, letting the first strap loose — the latter will be sufficient to hold his head to you. Lower the halter a little, just enough to get his nose into that part which goes around it, then raise it somewhat, and fasten the top buckle, and you will have il all right. The first time you halter a colt you should stand on the left side, pretty well back to his shoulder, only taking hold of that part of the halter that goes around his neck, then with your two hands about his neck you can hold his head to you, and raise the halter on it without ma- king him dodge by putting your hand abeut his nose. You should have a long rope or strap ready, and as soon as you have the halter on, attach this to it, so that you can let him walk the length of the stable without letting go of the strap, or without making him pull on the halter, nor if you only let him feel the weight of your hand on the halter, and give him rope when he runs from you, he will never rear, pull or throw himself, yet you will be holding him all the time, and doing more towards gentling him than if you had the power to snub him right up, and hold him to one spot ; because he does not know anything about his strength, and if you don't do any- thing to make him pull, he will never know that he can. In a few minutes you can begin to cou him with the halter, then shorten the distance between yourself and the horse, by taking up the strap to your hand. i|i 3 I ! '; I ! I 18 not go before and attemnt tn nnii i • V ^' -^"^ ^° ^» ^^J^. do by pulling him vervSL tn^nn -"S ^^'^^.^ "' ''"* commence brace either side oT h'sntk and^t ^^' -^f ? °°'^*"^ ^o gradual pull of the haLr „' , "^ " ^°°" ^''^^^ *« » steady, him a ste^p or Lo to onrs^r^,,,^^ «°°^ f ? ^ou have pulle^d and then pull him alTn rplor^ "luV" ^^"* *"^^ caress him, can pull him arTund Tn '.7 ^'"^ ^^'' operation until yon Btable with hTmThich yoa crL"^-''''^""' ^°^ ^^^^ ^^^"^ ^^e soon think whervon lfr« ^^''u.'' * ^'"^ ™^'^'^t««' ^o^ he will few times, that he"^ is compdfed'toTif '^ ll '^^ "^^' «^ '^'^^ ter. not knowing, that he haf h« T ^''^ P""^ ^^ ^^^ hal- besides you hav^i t^led tim 's^grntlt'thlfh '''' ^^^J"^ ' of you, and you always caro^. Mm^^k "^i **^ ^® '^ "^' »^^"id and he likes that aZwmiiH- . '^1^''' ^'^ ^'^^"^^^ "P ^o you, And after he hag had aTiV" ""' ^'/^' ^^"°^ ^^^ «« not him out in a lorhe win come'uo'to f. ''"' '^"''^^ ^'^" ^-'^ gets. You should lead him ThnMf ^ T ^?.T «PPort"°ity he fore you take him ourone^in^ ?h ^^^' '^^^^" «°"^« ti"^^ be- out, leading him up to ^f"'"? h ' 1. '°''-'° '^'^^ ^' '^^ ««« that there is nothino^ on fh! . .?^/^^'"' *"^ P^^t it. See you take him'ou\ "Ks^yo^g;'; ?^/;^\l-f -^- him go very slowly catchin AnM rH.u u .' '^^^ *° °^ake jaw, with your left hand wh^ini °f ^^^ halter close to the of the ne/k, hold n. to' ht V "^aJ ^' '"'^'^^ «" ^^^ t^p him a little ^hile vo^u can le^d r' "^k '' ^"" ^^'^ ^"' ^^^h Don't let anv second npr.nn? ^ ^^°"* ^« ^^^ please— take him out: a straCr ?«i^. '"^ ."^ /° ^"°" ^*^^" y«" fi'-st frighten him, anVmakehimtun^ T^^ 'V*^' halter would HBy one standing near him to ^if JT ''^"''^^ ^^^ ^^^« ^e bim. If you are alonp ^ "^ ^^^'^^^^^ ^'« attention, or scare i-equirean^more fo ri lead ThTl h'™ ";^'^' ^^ ^^'" ««' manage a broke horse! ''^'^ ^'^ '^^^ " ^«"l'' ^'^^' *"^" ''^^^ ^^out and waiK nitn round in every direction, until vou can o-Pt him nn Lmi^'?' T"'^"' P""'"^ ^^ ^•^- Then leT hfm sta^d^ haTteT^d lie'^if^ \l' ^''-^ ? '''' ''«''' direction whtht nailer, and he will walk in, in less than ten minutes N^vpr luiuK at once that it was a dancerous nlacp nnH ;p »,», „ not afraid ofit before, he would'be then' BesiTea C d^^^^^ want him to know anything about pulling on the ha teT CoUs are often hurt, and sometimes killed bv trvin^ t« fnrr^ fh into the stable ; and those who attem'prto Jo It in that w^ go into an up-hill business, when a plain, smooth road is befor^ them. If you want to hitch y mt colt, put him in a tolerablv nectf t rtr '''"^' '^^^•'^ ''' ^°"^' and'shouM b co^{ nected by a bar or something of that kind to the partition behind It; so that after the colt is in, he cannot «ret far enough back to take a straight, backward pill on the hf Iter ; then ?y hitching him in the centre of the stall, it would be impossible for him to pull on the halter, the partition behind p™ venting him from going back, and the halter in the centre checking him every time he turns to the right or left. In as' '' of th°! kind you can break every horse to stand hitched by Jill? srap, any where without his ever knowing anyt! I .'^ pulling. But If you have broke your horse to IpL «nH k learned him the use of the halti7wMciry u 2^^,',^:!^^ THE kin:» 311, AND HOW TO ACCUSTOM A HORSE TO IT. time, until he become, a little used to Te bu' and "illtTi't f ' ri 21 without trying to get it out of his mouth. It would bo well, if convenient, to repeat this several times, before you do any- thint^ more with the colt ; as soon as he will bear the bit, attach a single rein to it, without any martingale. You should also ' ave a halter on your colt, or a bridle made after the fashion of a halter, with a strap to it, so that you can hold or lead him about without pulling ou the bit much. He is now ready for the saddle. HOW TO SADDLE A COLT. Any one man, who has this theory, can put a saddle on the wildest colt that ever grew, without any help and without scaring him. The first thing will be to tie each stirrup into a loose knot to make them short, and prevent the stirrups from flying about and hitting him. Then double up the skirts and take the saddle under your right arm, so as not to frighten him with it as you approach. When you get to him, rub him gently a few times with your band, and then raise the saddle very slowly, until he can see it, and smell and feel it with his nose. Then let the skirt loose, and rub it very gently against his neck the way the hair lays, letting him hear the rattle of the skirts as he feels them against him, each time getting a little farther backward, and finally slip it over his shoulders on his back. Shake it a little with your hand, and in less than five minutes you can rattle it about over his back aa much as you please, and pull it off and throw it on again, without his paying much attention to it. As soon as you have accustomed him to the saddle, fasten the girth. Be careful how you do this. It often frightens him when he feels the girth binding him, and making the saddle fit tight on his back. You should bring up the girth very gently, and not draw it too tight at first, just enough to hold the saddle on. Move him a little, and then girth it as tight as you choose, and he will not mind it. You should see that the pad of your saddle is all right be- fore you put it on, and that there is nothing to make it hurt bira, or feel unpleasant to his back. It should not have any loose straps on the back part of it, to flap about and scare him. After you have saddled him in this way, take a switch in your right hand, to tap him up with, and walk about in the stable a few times with your right arm over your saddle, ta- t) ! ■ ! i' 22 king hold of the reins on each side of his neck with vnm right and left hands | thus marching him abou Tn the stable aboutranr.? 'T ''' "^/ '' ''^^ ^^^^^«' ^^^ can turn bin about in any direction, and stop him by a gentle pnll of the reVot^rt^fh^r ^ ^^"^' ^"^ ^^- ^'^^^ ^ ^^^^^ iilrj^u?^^ ^^\%^ ^u^ ^i°°^' '^"^ ^'^^^ y«"r colt in some h^ouldbe fi^^ ^''' *^"^ ^''^^ '''^' ^i«^5 the loft Bbould be high so that you can sit on his back without en- dangering your head. You can learn him more in two hours' time in a stable of this kind, than you could in wo weeks in the common way of breaking coltsf out in an open pTace If you follow my course of treatment, you need not run any risk tak^htr^ 'T^'l ^" "^'"^ *^^ ^^''' '-^^^ o^ ^ ho"se You dence and^nf,t^hf ^ ''"^'^ "^'i^ ^^'^ ^'' "P ^ "^"^^^l confi^ to lead an/«?fnS vf T ^""'''^^ ^°^ ^^''^' ^^''^ ^^arn him TJft V ?K ^^ f^ed next acquaint him with the saddle and the use of the bit, and then all that remains, is to get on him without scaring him, and you can ride him as wenLln^ i III I i HOW TO MOUNT THE COLT. Rll^ivi^'""r,^''"'^n" ^"^ '°°*^ Sides, about the saddle, and all over, until he will stand still without holding, and is not afraid to see you anywhere abont him ' abiVnTfny*^^-T.^^°'.*^"' gentled, get a email block, bv thP «H/n A-' ''f *""" J''"^"' '^ ^^^SH and set it down hfm senun ^r^^^^^^ you want to' stand to mount mm, step up on this, raising yourself very gently horspc notice every change of position very closely%fd if^^ou were Mm ^bnf h"^^- ^^^ ^^ '^' ^^°^^' '"''^^^^ ^^ -«ry apt to sea e him but by raising yourself gradually on it, he will see you rn^;oS:?f intrb^'k^^ ^ ^^^^^^- -^^ ^-^ ^^^ -- - stand square over it, holding your knee against the horse and your toe uut, so as not to touch him under the shoulder Vuh the addf/'^' ^''i; ^^^'' y°"^ '''^^' ^^^^ «« tiie fronTof norHnn nf 'r^ ""^ *^' T°'^^" ''^^ °^' J^^^ ^^'^^S hold of a portion of the mane and the reins, as they hang loosely over i .iii m^^^^^ 23 neck, with youj out in the stable id can turn bim entle pnll of the IS a little everj )ur colt in some le him ; the loft ack without en- )rein two hours' in two weeks in open place. If lot run any risk, f a horse. You a mutual confi- First learn him with the saddle ins, is to get on n as well as any the saddle, and ing, and is not a email block, md set it down tand to mount gently ; horses nd if you were ery apt to scare he will see you ar the same as ntie the stirrup he stirrup, and the horse, and shoulder with )n tiie front of king hold of a g loosely over his neck, with your left hand ; then gradually bear yoiff weight on the stirrup, and on yonr right hand, until the horse feels your whole weight on the saddle. Repeat this several times, each time raising yourdelf a little higher from the block, until he will allow you to raise your leg over bis croup and place yourself in the saddle. There are three great advantages in having a block to mount from. First, a sudden change of position is very got apt to frighten a young hors« who has never been handled. He will allow you to walk up to him and stand by his side without scaring at you, because you have gentled him to that position, but if you get down on your hands and knees and crawled to- wards him, he will be very much freightened; and upon the same principle, he would freighten at your new position if you had the power to hold yourself over his back without touch- ing him. Then the first great advantage of the block is to gradually gentle him to that new position in which he will see you when you ride him. Secondly, by the process of lean- ing your weight in the stirrups, and on your hand, you can gradually accustom him to your weight, so as not to freighten him by having him to feel it all at once. And in the third place, the block elevates you so that you will not have to make a spring in order to get on the horse's back, but from it you can gradually raise yourself into the saddle. When you take these precautions, there is no horse so wild but what you can mount hina without making him jump. I have tried it on the worst horses that could be found, and have never failed in any case. When mounting, your horse should always stand without being held. A horse is never well broke when he has to be held with a tight reign when mount- ing ; and a colt is never so safe to mount as when you see that assurance of confidence and absence of fear, which causes him to stand without holding. HOW TO RIDE A COLT. When you want him to start, do not touch him on the side with your heel, or do anything to freighten him and m. ke him jump; but speak to him kindly, and if he does not start, pull him a little to the left until he starts, and then let him walk off slowly with the reins loose. Walk him around in the sta- ble a few times until he gets used to the bit, and you can tura i piUm 24 him about in every direction and stop him as you please It would be well to get on and off a good many times until ha gets perfectly used to it, before you take him oVt of the stable After you have trained him in this way, which should not wh.i "T'^^^.T^' ^^^ hours, you can ride him any SoTtTth^ow^T^'^"^ ^^" '^^^'^^ ""'^ ^'^-p - -^^^ -i^ When you first take him out of the stable be very gentle with him, as he will feel a little more at liberty toTumn .^ sTbi:°'B^\r\rr 'T'^^°^^ thanL'tMSh stable Bu. after handhnfj him so much in the stable he will be pretty well broke, and you will be able to managerial without trouble or danger. "i«u»ge aim ♦T,^af.° ^^"^ «^st mount him, take a little the shortest hold oa the left reign, so that if anything frightens him, you can pre- vent him from jumping by pulling his head around to yoii 1 This operation of pulling a horse's head around against his side, will prevent any horse from jumping ahead, rfaring u^ or running away If he is stubborn and will not go, you can make him move by pulling his head round to one^sWe° when whipping could have no effect. And turning him around a few times will make him dizzy, and then by letting him have his head straight, and giving him a little touch with thTwhTp he will go along without any trouble. Never use martingales on a colt when you first rMe him; every movement ofthe hand should go right to the bit, in the direction in which i? isapphed to the reins, without a martingale to chance the direction of the force applied. You can guide the colt^much better without them, and learn him the ufe of the bit in much ess time Besides martingales would prevent you from^Su- mg his head around if he should try to jump. ^ After your colt has been rode until he is ffentle and w^ll accustomed to the bit, you may find it an advantage! ff he lar" gaTes on hfm.''^ '^^'' '' ""''' ^^^^ *^^ ^^ ^^'^ to^p^'ufmLun. You should be careful not to ride your colt so far at first as to heat, worry or tire him. Get off ks soon as you see he s a little fatigued ; gentle him and let him rest Ihis will mil b.mk,,dto you and prerent him from get inV tubbo^n or iii i^.^^imj^^«naai!atx:^,..^M^ . '55 The proper way to bit a colt. iParmers often put bitting harness on a coit the first thing j.jey do to him, buckling up the bitting as tight as they can [draw it to make hira carry his head high, and then turn hiia [out in a lot to run a half day at a time. This is one of the [worst punishments that they could inflict on the colt, and very [injurious to a young horse that has been used to running in pasture with his head down. I have seen coUs so injured ia this way that they never got over it. A horse should be well accustomed to the bit before you put on the bitting harness, and when you first bit him you should only rein his head up to that point where he naturally holds it, let that be high or low ; he will soon learn that he I cannot lower his head, and that raising it a little will loosen ' the bit in his mouth. This will give him the idea of raising his head to loosen the bit, and then you can draw the bitting a little tighter every time you put it on, and he will still raise his head to loosen it ; by this means you will gradually get his head and neck in the position you want him to carry it, , and give him a nice and graceful carriage without hurting him, making him mad, or causing his mouth to get sore. If you put the bitting on very tight the first time, he can- not raise his head enough to loosen it, but will bear on it all the time, and paw, sweat, and throw himself. Many horses have been killed by falling backward with the bitting on; their head being drawn up, strike the ground with the whol« weight of the body. Horses that have their heads drawn up tightly should not have the bitting on more than fifteen or [twenty minutes at a time. HOW to BRIVE .V HORSE THAT IS VERY WiLD AND HAS ANY VICIOUS HABITS. take up one fore foot and bend his knee till his hoof is bot^ [torn upwards, and nearly touching his body, then slip a loop [over his knee, and up until it comes above the pastern joint [to keep it up, being careful to draw the loop together betweea Ithe hoof and pastern joint with a second strap of some kink^ to prevent the loop from slipping down and coming off. This will leave the horse standing on three legs ; you can now han- jn to them, ana Bg up one foot h better effect. sometimes get every possible i will soon give bingyou could himself, or you rn and look at ) is conquered^ Cour hand, ca- p again. Re- ne foot, and he you can drive le used to thig^ litch him to a ever raised a damage while ian he run fast- est horse that T time he has :ey, and drive i can let him safety, for he soon be tired guide him m nd willing to 27 Stop at the word. Thus you will effectually cure bim at once of any further notion of running off. Kicking horses have al- ways been the dread of everybody ; ynu always hear men say, when they speak about a bad horse, "I don't care what he does so he don't kick." This method is an effectual cure for this worst of all habits. There are plenty of ways by which you can hitch a kicking horse, and force him to go, though he kicks all the time ; but this dont have any good effect to- words breaking him, for we know that horses kick because they are afraid of what is behind them, and when they kick against it and it hurts them, they will only kick the harder and this will hurt them still more, and make them remember the scrape much longer, and make it still more diflScult to puiduade them to have any confidence in anything dragging behind them ever after. But by this new method you can hiteb them to a rattling sulkey, plow. Wagon, or anything else in its worst shape. They may be frightened at first, but cannot kick, or do any- thing to hurt themselves, and will soon find that you do not intend to hurt them, and then they will not care anything more about it. You can then let down the leg, and drive along gentley without any further trouble. By this new pro- cess a bad kicking horse can be learned to go gentle in har- ness in a few hour's time. 01^ BALKING. Horsea know nothing about balking, only as they are brought into it by improper manag raent; and when a horse balks in harness, it is generally from some mismanagement, excitement, confusion, or from not knowing how to pull, but seldom from any unwillingness to perform all that he under- stands. High-spirited, free-going horses, are the most sub- ject to balking, and only so because drivers do not properly understand how to manage this kind. A free horse in a team may be so anxious to go, that when he hears the word he will start with a jump, which will not move the load, but give him such a severe jerk on the shoulders that he will fly back and stop the other horse ; the teamster will continue his driving without any cessation, and by the time he has the slow horse started again, he will find that the free horse has made another jump, and again flew back j and now he has them ■'1 nit: 25 Ltws'wttt^^hl'r'crV^ ''^' -tthcof them will come the sllshinradWack^^^^ '''fr ^^^^ of the driver, till som^ething is broken or l^e il't^ ^ 'f "^"f his course of treatment Unf x-hlf ' • f , '^ ^^^'ough with iBits by whippi„;'Sr3° horfe" or hlrtT'tat' ''''7 ^^"^■ mon sense should teach him tLf ?i J Reason and com- anxious to go, but did notTnot ^^' ^""''^ ^^^ ^^^''"g «nd should he whip hi^ for 1,1" ? l^JT^'i '^' ^«^^- ^"^ again for not knowing ho vt^ alk A ^.n'Jh " ' ^^'^ '^'"^ with any rationality or reasnr, ih;. ,;A. man that wants to act but shoild always t^L.-Jk^b: ore he'stlk^es'' t Tl' ' P^"'^"' pressure against the collar to move a^oad InH '' '' '^'"^^ expect him to act with a stead vlfo -^""^ ^""^ *=^°"«t you are whipping him iVere t h. h, -P"'P°«^ ^^^^^ five hundred thft wTl pu^l 7n ' ^/'^'^ «".« ^alked^horse in adding fuel to fire and win ^t T ^^'PP^^^gJ it is only another time. You ahvav, L h ' ^^T "^^'" ^'^^^^ ^o balk a few times, turn^hdr hid, ! \^'fV^^' ^^^^ ^«^» talked are a little frustrated Tit^tl ^"""^ 5"'^' ^« «°«° ^« ^hey ped and are atVai^f wh'at iVLhrnd"t\%r^ '^^'^ ^^^^ -^^^' start quiriJoAooks arVuni' ^nd"!.' 'f''''^^ '' ^« --"^s to something w^ong and he needs kind ?' T"* '' ^"' *^^^« ^« Caress him kindll, and if he dnn f *f ^^ment immediately. you want him to^do°he wHl Z\T^''''^''i ^' «°^« ^^^^ jump and break thingrandbvL. f^.«^»^ch excited as to fear. As long as you are calm*^ .nH ^ ^^?^ ""'^"^ ^'^''^^gb citementofthehoi^ethpLo :!''''" ^^^P down the ex^ stand you, whee her 'would noVhr^'^ '' '/^^ ^^"^ ""<^^- ment, and then the liUle7J^i ^ ,/"^ ""^^^ ^^^«^ treat- unfavourable recollfc-rinn, X^^^^^l not carry with it any it, and learn to pun ue' Altntr''^'^ '°'^" '''^'' ^" ^^ou^ com,^its is from^ mismanaimen, T'^ ""'^"^ ^'' '^' ^^^'^^ 29 our motions, signs, and language, we should never get out of patience with them because they don't understand us, or wonder at their doing this wrong. With all our intellect, if we were placed in the horse's situation it would be difficult for us to understand the driving of some foreigner, of foreign ways and foreign language. We should always recollect that our ways and language are just as foreign and unknown to the horse as any language in the world is to us, and should try to practice what we could understand, were we the horse, endeavouring by some simple means to work on his under- standing rather than on the different parts of his body. All balked horses can be started true and steady in a few min- utes time ; they are all willing to pull as soon as they know how, and I never yet found a balked horse that I could not teach him to start his load in fifteen, and often less than three minutes time. Almost any team, when first balked, will start kindly if you let them stand five or ten minutes, as though there was nothing wrong, and then speak to them with a steady voice, and turn them a little to the right or left so as to get them both in motion before they feel the pinch of the load. But if you wont to start a team that you are not driv- ing yourself, that has been balked, fooled, and whipped for some time, go to them and hang the lines on their hames, or fasten then to the wagon, so that they will be perfectly loose ; make the driver and spectators (if there are any) stand off some distance to one side, so as not to attract the attention of the horses ; unloose their check-reins, so that they*can get their heads down if they choose ; let them stand a few min- utes in this condition until you can see that they are a little compoiied. While |they are standing, you should be about their heads, gentling them ; it will make them a little more kind, and the spectators will think that you are doing some- thing that you do not understand, and will not learn the se- cret. When you have them ready to start, stand before them, and as you seldom have but one balky horse in a team, get as near in front of him as you can, and if he is too fast for the other horse, let his nose come against your breast, this will kef^p him steady, for he will go slow rather than run on you : turn them gently to the right, without letting them pull on the traces, as far as the tongue will let them go ; stop them with a kind word, gentle them a little, and tiien turn them back to the left, by the same process. You will have them 30 ir' U i Hi under your control by this time, and as you turn them again to the right, steady them iu the collar, and you can take them where you please. There is a quicker process that will generally start a balky horse, but not so sure. Stand hira a little ahead, so that his shoulders will be against the collar, and then take up one of his forefeet in your hand, and let the driver start them, and when the weight comes against his shoulders, he will try to step ; then let him have his foot, and he will go right along. If you want to break a horse from balking that has long been in that habit, you ought to set apart a half day for that pur- pose. Put him by the side of some steady horse ; have check lines on them ; tie up all the traces and straps, so that there will be nothing to excite them ; do not rein them up, but let them have their heads loose. Walk them about together for some time as slowly and lazily as possible ; stop often and go up to your balky horse and gently him. Do not take any whip about him, or do anything to excite him, but keep him just as quiet as you can. He will soon learn to start off at the word, and stop whenever you tell him. As soon as he per- forms right, hitch him in an empty wagon ; have it stand in a favourable position for starting. It would be well to shorten the stay-chain behind the steady horse, so that if it is necessary he can take the weight of the wagon the first time you start them. Do not drive but a few rods at first- watch your balky horse closely, and if you see that he is get- ting excited, stop him before he stops of his own accord ca- ress him a little, and start again. As soon as they go well drive them over a small hill a few times, and then over a larger one, occasionally adding a little load. This process will make any horse true to pull. TO BREAK A HORSE TO HARNESS. Take him in a tight stable, as jou did to ride him: take the harness and go through the same process that you did with the saddle, until you get him familiar with them, so that you can put them on him and rattle them about without his carina for them. As soon as he will bear this, put on the lines, ca- ress him as you draw them over Mm, and drive him about in the stable till he will bear them over his hips. The lines are a great aggravation to some colts, and often frighten them aa much as If you were to raise a whip over them. As soon as hem again can take irt a balky so that his J up one of them, and will try to ight along, long been r that pur- lave check that there jp, but let gether for en and go take any keep him tart oflF at as he per- it stand in e well to ) that if it n the first 3 at first; he is get- ccord, ca- Y go well, en over a 3 process is caring lines, ca- about in lines are 1 them as I soon as 31 ht> 13 familiar witli the harness and lines, take him ont and put him by the side of a gentle horse, and go through the same process that you did with the balking horse. Always use a bridle without blinds when you are breaking a horse ta harness. HOW TO HITCH A HORSE IN A SUl.KEY. Lead him to and around it ^ let him look at it, touch it with his nose, and stand by it till he does not care for it; then pull the shafts a little to the left, and stand your horse in front of the off wheel. Let some one stand on the right side of the horse, and hold him by the bit, while you stand on the left side, facing the sulky. This will keep him straight. Run your left hand back and let it rest on his hip, and lay hold of the shafts with your right, bringing them up very gently to the left hand, which still remains stationary. Do not let any- thing but your arm touch his back, and as soon as you have the shafts square over him, let the person on the opposite side take hold of one of them and lower them very gently to the shaff bearers. Be very slow and deliberate about hitching; tho longer time you take, the better, as a general thing. When you have the shafts placed, shake them slightly, so that • . ,. -M ^gg| them against each side. As soon as he will bear 'ithout scaring, fasten your braces, etc., and start him a ^ slowly. Let one man lead the horse, to keep him gi;i ivkile the other gradually works back with the lines till he can get behiad and drive him. After you have drivea him in this way a short distance, you can get into the sulkey, and all will go right. It is very important to have your horse go gently, when you first hitch him. After you have walked him awhile, there is not half po much danger of his scaring. Men do very wrong to jump up behind a horse to drive him as soon as they have been hitched. There are too many things for him to comprehend all at once. The shafts, the lines, the harness, and the rattling or the sulkey, all tend to scare him, and he must be made familiar with them by de- grees. If your horse is very wild, I would advise you to put up one foot the first time you drive him. HOW TO MAKE A HORSE LIE DOWN. Every thing that we want to learn the horse, must be com- menced in some way to give him an idea of what you want I 32 aim to do, and then bo repeated till be learns U perfectfj. To make a borse lie down, bend bis left fore leg, anu slip a loop over it, so that he can not pet it down. Then put a cir- cingle around bis body, and fasten one end of a long strap around the other fore leg, just above the hoof. Place the other end under the circingle, so as to keep the strap in the right direction ; take a short hold of it with your right hand ; stand on the left side of the horse, grasp the bit in ycur left hand, pull steadily on the strap with your right ; bear ogainst his shoulder till you caused him to move. As soon as he lifts his weight, your pulling will raise the other foot, and he will have to come on his knees. Keep the strap trght-in your hand, so that he can not straighten his legs if he raises up. Hold him in his position, and turn hid head towards you ; bear against his side with his shoulder, not hard, but with a steady, equal pressure, and'in about 'ten minutes he will be down. As soon as he lies down, he will be completely conquered, and you can handle him as you please. Take off the straps, and straighten out his legs; rub him lightly about the face and neck with your hand the way the hair lays ; handle all his legs, and after he has lain ten or twenty minutes, let him get lip again. After resting him a short time, make him lie down as before. Repeat the operation three or four times, which will be sufficient for one lesson. Give him two lessons a day, and when you have given him four lessons, he will be down by taking hold of one foot. As soon as he is well broken to He down iu this way, tap him on the opposite leg with a stick when you take hold of this foot, and in a few days he will lie down from the mere motion of the stick. HOW TO MAKE A HORSE FOLLOW YOU. Turn him into a large stable or shed, where there is no chance to get out, with a halter or bridle on. Go to him and gentle him a little, take hold of his halter, and turn him to- wards you, at the same time touching him lightly over the hips with a long whip. Lead him the length of the stable, rubbing him on the neck, saying in a steady tone of voice as you lead him, come along, boy ! or use his name instead of boy, if you choose. Every time you turn, touch him slightly with the whip, to make, him step up close to you, and th^n caress him with your hand. He will soon learn to hurry up to escape the whip and be caressed, and you can make hiia 33 follow you round without taking hold of the halter. If ho should stop andjturn from you, give him a few sharp cuts about the hind legs, and he will soon turn his head towards YOU when you must always caress him. A few lessons of this' kind will make him run after you, wheu he sees the motion of the whip— in twenty and thirty minutes he will fol- low you about the stable. After you have given him two or three lessens in the stable, take him out into the road and make him follow you any where, and run after you. HOW TO MAKE A HORSE STAND WITHOUT HOLDING. After you have him well broken to follow you, stand him in the centre of the stable— being at his head to caress him, gradually working backwards. If he move, give him a cut with the whip and put him back to the same spot from which he started. If he stands, caress him as before, and continue gentling him in this way until you can get round him without making him move. Keep walking around him, increasing your pace, and only touch him occasionally. Enlarge your circle as you walk around, and if he then moves, give him another cut with the whip and^put him back to his place. If he stands, go to him frequently and caress him, and then walk around him again. Do not keep him in one position too long at a time, but make him come to you occasionally and follow you around in the stable. Then stand him in another place, and proceed as before. You should ^ot train your horse n^ore than half an hour at a time. ;■.....,..-.< THE HOUSEMAN'S FHIEND, OR POCKET COUNSELLER. ':5 This book contains Fifty-Two Receipts for the Farmer and [lorse Dealer. It contains the knowledge necessary to clearly and fully inform all persons of the certain cures of most, if not all the diseases peculiar to the Horse. Twelve years constant study of the nature and constitution of that noble animal, induces the author to say that the book which he now presents to the public is worthy of the horseman's attention, and should be in the possession of every individual engaged in the management of horses. There is one receipt in this book worth alone one hundred times more than the price of the copy. It is the one for curing Ring- Bone and 8pavin. Indeed he has sold it to a single individual of the trade, for the sum of $300, and the purchaser found it to be an advantage to him. He made money by it, as every other one may who has use for it. Conscious of the good merits of the receipts herein presented, he offers them to the public. PR. WILLIAM B. McCRUM, Veterinery Surgeon, !ti 85 WEAK EYES, OR HOOKS. First, rowel below the eyes and in the jaws — then if the eyes are much inflamed bleed two gallons from the neck vein, and use the eye wtish or eye lotion every morning ; move the rowels every day, and let them remain in 15 or 20 days. If the eye sliowes a white speck in the centre there is no cure for it — the nerve of the eye i^ affected, but as long as the eye runs water there is hopes of it, or the eyelids swell. All young horses are liable to have weak eyes. EYE LOTION^nOW TO MAKE IT. Take a good quality of linseed oil one pint, add to it 2 oz. (ounces) of spirits of ether, gum camphor ^ oz. Let it stand in some warm place until the oil cuts the gum, and it is 6t for use. Apply it to the eye every morning with a soft feather ; get it into the eyes as well as posssibie. This is better in winter than the wash, but the wash is best for summer. EYE WASH. Take of sugar of lead 2 drachms, white vitrol one drachm, laudnum 1 drachm, add to this one quart of soft water : let it stand for 6 or 8 hours and it is fit for use. Wash the eyes out well every mornin?, after first washing the eyes well with cold water: follow this up for 3 or 4 weeks and then if the eyes are not much better, bleed and give a mild physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, and not over heated or worked too hard ; scalded bran and oats are good. FISTULA OR POLL EVIL. Cause,— A bruise or stroke of some kind produces fever in the muscle. Cure before it breaks : run a rowel or seton from the lower part of the swelling to the top through the center of the enlargement^ then make the following lotion :— Take of salamoniac 2 ounces, and turpentine spirits J pint, 4 ounces of linseed oil, and 4 ounces of spirits of tar ; shake 3S all well, and apply it all over the swelling every other clay : let the seton stay in until all the swelling is gone down- move it every day, and when all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it ; keep the part clean. FISTULA AFTER IT BREAKS. If you find by probing it that the pipes run down towards surface, run down a seton through the bottom of the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointment. Take of mercu- rial ointment 4 ounces, and of cantharides i ounce, anoint the seton every day until it runs a bloody matter, then draw it out if the pipes run down to the centre of the shoulders, then run down a piece of the nitre of silver to the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following receipt ; apply it on the swelling and on the sore every day ; keep the part clean with soap and water. LIQUID EOR FISTULA OR POLL EVIL. Take olive oil 6 ounces, turpentine ^ ounce, oil of origanum I ounce, American or slnikey oil 3 ounces. Mix well and apply it to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has been used ; apply this every few days, until it heals up ; the cleaner you keep the part the better. STIFF SHOULDERS OR SWEENEY. Rowel from the top of the shoulder blade down as far as there is no pealing ; first, cut through the skin, and then 2 thin fibres orstrippings ; use the blunt needle; move it back and forward five or six inches ; draw in a tape or seton, and the next morning wet it with the tincture of cantharides ; do this every other day, move them every day — wash the part clean— let the tape stay in until the matter changes to blood — This is for both diseases — let him run out if possib'e; he will be well in six or eight weeks ; if forsweeney you may work him all the time. <'» ^ 37 4j^ '. HOOF BOUND OR TENDER FEET. Cause of this is fever in the feet. Founder or gravel, the Bymptoms are hot feet and a drawing in one inch from the top of the feet at the heels. Never have the f:et spread at the heels nor rasp above the nail holes, for it will do the foot an injury. Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof ointment or the hoof liquid • apply it according to the printed directions. For hoof bound or tender feet, apply it all round the top of the hoof down one inch every third day; if for split hoof, apply it every day. First have a stiff shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or bura for it. HOOF OINTMENT. Take rosin 4 ounces, beeswax G ounces, lard 2 lbs. — melt together, pour it into a pot, and 3 ounces turpentine, 2 ounces of finley powdered verdigris, one pound of tallow,— stir all until it gets cool. This is one of the best medicines for the hoof ever used. It is good for corks or bruises of the feet. Follow the directions. HOOF LIQUID. For tender feet, hoof bound, &c. Linseed oil, or neatsfoot oil, J pint of either, turpentine 4 ounces, oil of tar 6 ounces, origanum 12 ounces, shake this well and apply it as the di- rections for the ointment tells. This is the best if the horse has been lame long — it penetrates tho hoof sooner than the ointment — both of them should be applied at night, so that the horse can go to work in the morning. He need not lose one day's work. HOOF EVIL, OR THRUSH, GREASE HEELS. Cause of this disease is over feed, and want of exercise, or standing in a filthy stable. Symptoms, well known — a dis- charge of offensive matter from the frog of the foot, and round the top of the foot ; often the frog of the foot will come out ; then you must put a stiff shoe on to keep the foot from contracting. 38 Cure.— Bleed, and physic, and poultice the foot with boil- ed turmps,and some fine ground charcoal— this must be done every night, for two or three nights, then wash the feet clean with castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day— keep the horse on a clean floor, and he will be well in twelve days. HOW TO MAKE THE BLUE OINTMENT. Take the ointment of rosin 4 ounces, one-half ounce of hnely ground verdigris 2 ounces of turpentine, mutton tal- low 2 bs., J ounce oil of origanum, one-half tr. of iodine- mix all well. This is one of the best rriedicines that can be made, for scratches, hoof-evil, cuts, and is good to apply on hstules, after the rowels have been taken out. LUNG FEVER. Symptoms— The horse is taken with a chill, then breaks out m a cold clammy sweat, holds down his head, never of- fers to lay down, but groans when made to move ; his ears and legs are deathly cold. The cause of this is change from warm to cold stable, too much cold water when warm. Cure.— Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one ounce of aquanite, add to it one-half gallon of cold water; drench him with one gill of it every three hours, blister him over the lungs then give him water to drink that hay has been boiled in, add to each gallon of it one ounce of gum- arable, and ^ ounce of spirits of nitre,— give this every four hours, rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, until they get warm— do not move him. Keep him m open stall if hot weather. DISEASE OF THE LIVER OR YELLOW WATER. Symptoms— the eyes run and turn yellow, the base of the mouth the same, the hair and mane gets loose, and he often is lame in the right shoulder, and very costive. Cure.— Give the following ball every morning until it op- crates upon the bowels. Take 7 drachms of aloes, and one «v 39 lo t al'elf' Wn''- ' t ^'T^?' '^ ^^'"•^^^' ^^^ "^o^^sses enough 10 make it into into a ball, wrap it in Daoer and d-ivp if • give sea ded bran and oats, grass^if it caTC got w^hln his bowels have moved, stop the physic, and give one ounop nF the spirits of camphor, in J pint of w'ater eCv Torrrfor twelve days, rowel in the breast, and give u feT d^s?3 of cleansing powder. Turn him out. « ^ i^w aosea ot CLEANSING POWDER. This is used when the blood is out of order— o-ood to re- store lost appetite^-yellow water, and whereve? it is o be used it is spoken of. Take 1 lb. of good ginger 4 ounces of powdered jentian, 1 ounce of nitre, f ounci of c'ude of anti^ mony^miz all well-give one large spoon full every day in wet food,— this 18 perfectly safe. ^ ^ NASAL GLEET OR DISCHARGE FROM THE EYE AND NOSE. ^nlI^^K•"•® °^ 1^'' H ''^^^^^'^ '" distemper, or over heat or com ; this is a white discharge from the nose, and is not con- tagious—and can be cured. Cure —Stop working him— take of alum i lb. i lb of rosin J lb. cf blue vitriol, grind and mix wellVlth | lb.' of hlJ^L^'^'V^ ^r'^^ '?^^°^"^ ^""^'y ^'gbt a»d morning- bleed one gallon. Keep him out of wet, and do not work DISEASE OP THE KIDNEYS. InadfnT K- ^^ ^"^^^"^.^l^ty or must grain, hard drawing, over- loading him, or by giving too much turpentine. nilf^''^t""^"'^^\''r^ *^'® ^''^''^y'' '^^d gi^e the following br?r.rf^^yr*^'''i.^^°'" «^ ^««i°' 1 ««"ce of junipe? beirys, ground fine, and flour 2 ounces-make all into a stiff fh^XtT' '""^^ f "^''^ P^"'' ^'^'^ «"^ ^^^^y "'"ght; then use It ,^'^^"f ^"^P^de'^ every day; if the horse has trouble to get up when ho lays down, swing him up for two weeks-give nnf w 1^"* ^^-^^ r.^'"^ '' ^^^^"'* ^^^ >« ^alf the cure. Do not work nor rido him. 40 HOW TO MAKE THE WHITE OINTMENT. For rheumatism, sprains, burns, swellings, bruises, or any inflamation on Man or Heast, chapped hands, or lips, black eye?, or any kind, of bruise. Take fresh butter 2 lbs., tr. of iodine i ounce, oil of origanum 2 ounces — mix this well for fifteen minutes and it is fit for ube — apply it every night; rub it in well with your hand; if for human flesh, lay on war 3 flannel. BLACK LINIMENT. ^ This is good to apply on pollevil, fistula. Take of linseed oil J pint, tincture of iodine 3 ounces, turpentine 4 ounces, oil of origanum 1 ounce — shake all well, and apply it every day; rub it in well with your hand — wash the part clean with soap and water before applying it.— This is good on any swelling. SORB MOUTH OR TONGUE— CALLED CANKER OR THRUSH. Symptoms — the mouth runs water, the horse coods or throws his hay out of his mouth. The cause of this is often from frosty bits being put into the mouth, or by eating pois- onous weeds. Cure. — Take of borax 3 drachms, and 2 drachms of sugar of lead, J ounce of alumn, 1 pint of vinegar, 1 pint of sage tea — shall all well together, and wash the mouth every morn- ng— -give no hay for twelve days. GROGGY KNEES, The cause of this is sprains or over driving, or by having corks, and no toes on the shoes. This can be cured in the first stages, but if of long standing, there is no cure. Cure.— Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at the heels; take linseed oil ^ pint, alcohol 4 ounces, 1 ounce of camphor spirits, 2 ounces of landanum-^shake, uud apply to the back part of legs, rub it in well every four da,ys; still increase the thickness of the shoes at the toe. 41 HOW TO rp:move warts. Cut them out by the roots-take the tenackulum or hook, run It Through the wart?, and draw and cut round it, and draw It out ; ,f ,t should bleed too much take 5 grains of nitreof silver and one ounce of water; wet a spoLge, and merely touch the part with this wash, and it will stop them, reat it as any fresh wound— still every time you wash it, scratch the scab off, so the scar will be small. This is tho only sure way to treat them. BOTS. Symptons— very much like that of colic-^the ears and le^s are hot, and sometimes the sweat will start in the flank and breast. CuRE.--Make one half gallon of sage tea, add to it 1 ounce of alum, drench with one half of it, and if he is not better m thirty or forty minutes, give the balance, and bleed one gallon— m SIX hours give a mild physic; this will never fail It given III time. Never give turpentine, as many do, it will affect the kidneys. COLIC. Symptoms— the horse lays down and gets up often, and looks around at his flank; his ears and legs are cold. Cause of this is cold water and change of food, over quantity of acid collecting in the stomach. Cure.— Take laudanum J ounce, sulphuric ether 1 ounce I pint of water milk warm, drench, and if not better in forty or fifty minutes, bleed, and repeat the drench. Do not al- low the horse to be moved while sick. FOUNDER IN THE FIRST STAGES. SymptonF — the horse is stiff, his feet hot, and often trem- bl39, very thirsty. Cure. — Bleed from the neck vein three or four gallons, or until he falls, then give the following :— C»ne-half ounce of aloes, 4 drachms gamboge, one-half c ince of oil of sassafras, 42 make tbis into a pill, give it, and give him all the sr. ■" '? tea he will drink ; turn up his feet and fill them full ot » ■• ing hot lard, bathe his legs in hot water, and rub them \ ,:ji. This will never fail to cure in forty-eight hours. SICK STOMACH— DEBILITY. Symptoms — the horse refuses to eat, thirsty, hangs his head, reels when he walks, eyes dull. Cure. — Bleed one-half gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him one ; give no hay ; then give him one-half ounce of rheubarb every night until it moves his bowek then take of jentian root 4 ounces, fenigreak 2 ounces, nitre J ounces, mix and give a large spoonful every day ; do not give hira too much to eat when his appetite returns. DISTEMPER. Symptoms — swelling under the jaws, can't swallow. Cure. — Bleed two gallons, and physic, then if a tumor is found under the jaws, open it — if not apply the General Li? ]- ment to the swelling, or the V\ hite Ointment — make it break on the outside if possible, then give of the cleansing powder for ten or twelve days, in mashes. Turn hira out if you con get pasture. GENERAL LINIMENT. Turpentine one-half pint, linseed oil one-half pint, aqua- monia 4 ounces, tincture of iodine 1 ounce, shake it all well, this is used for different things spoken of in the different re- ceipts, sores or swellings, sprains, &c. SPRAIN OF THE STIFLE. Symptoms — the horse holds up his foot, moans when moved, swells in the stifle— -this is what is called stifling ; there is no such thing as thisjoint getting out of place. Cure. — Bleed two gallons, ferment the stifle with hot water rub it dry, then bathe it well with the general liniment every morning and night, give him a mash and he will be well. Never allow any stifle shoe or cord on the foot or leg. C^ iV 4^ Jk 43 BROKEN KNEES. This is caused by the horse falling on ihe knees. First, cleanse the pait of all gravel and dirt, then wash them — take two gills of alcohol,, one-half ounce of armekey, tie the knees up in coarse linen, and if they swell in twenty-four hours bleed, and keep the bowels open with mashes, and then apply the blue or the iodine ointment every other day; do not use the horse until he is perfectly well, or it may cause the knees to break out again. WORMS. Symptoms — the horse eats, but will not thrive, his belly gets big, his hair stays. Cure. — Give one quart of strong tea made of w^ormwood at night, the next day give 7 drachma of aloes, 2 drachms of calomel, make it into a ball and give it ; give no cold water for forty-eight hours, make it milk warm; give him two or three bran mashes, and some of the cleansing powder; if he shows any more symptoms repeat the dose in three weeks. This will will never fail. PHYSIC BALL. One-half ounce of aloes, 3 drachms of gumbage, 20 drops of the oil of juniper, make it into a pill with a few drops of molasses, wrap it up in thin paper and grease it, draw out the tongue with the left hand, place the gag in the mouth, and run the pill back with the right hand until it drops off, let the head down and give a sup of water. First, prepare the horse by giving one or two mashes. IODINE OINTMENT. Get 1 Oil ^e of the greese iodine, 1 pint of alcohol, let this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take 2 ounces of tincture and one-half pound of lard, mix well, and you have the iodine ointment. This is used wherever the receipts refers to the ointment. 44 BIG OK MILK LEG. This is brought on by a hnrt, a want of action in the ab- sorbent systeni—it is dropsy of the muscles of the leg. Cure.— Apply the Liquid Blisterer every three hours until It blisters, then in six hours grease with soft oil of anv kind, then in eight days wash the part clean and apply it a^ain J repeat it three or four times, then use the iodine ointmeit- wili remre^rair"""' ^ '^''^''^'' '^'^ LIQUID BLISTERER. Take alcohol one pint, turpentine one half pint, aquamo ma 4 ounces, oil of origanum 1 ounce, apply this as spoken hare ^^ ^'g^^ <3ays, or seven at least, or it will kill the MANGE AND SURFEIT. Caused by running out in wet weather, over drivin"- and poor cleaning. Symptoms, the horse rubs and is itchy all over, broken out in scabs. -^ CuRE.-.Bleed and physic, then take sulpher 1-2 lb., 2 lbs of lard mix well, grease the part affected every three ir four days, stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a a few doses of the cleansing powder. ^ HOW TO TAME THE WILD HORSE. Halter him and then take the warts from the leg, dry and powder then blow it up his nose, then take the oil of arodium drop a few drops on your hand, and rub it over his nose-thTs wm make him follow you, and you can do anything yYu w sh K Tamer '"'^'' ^'^ ''' '^'' '''''^'^ ^' ^' th^Arab 'an 41 1 1 45 HOW TO MAICE A HORSE StAKD TO BE CASTRATED. Put chloroform on a sponge and hold it to his nose a few pecoiids until he closes his eyes; remove it and alter him. This can he given to perform any operation— you can buy it at the drug store for seventy-five cents per pound. SPAVINE AND RINGBONE MEDICINE. Take of cantharides 2 ounces, mercurial ointment 4 ounces tincture of iodine 3 ounces, turpentine 4 ounces, corose sub-» liraite B drachms— mix all well with 2 lbs, of lard, color it if you like. Follow the directions here given. If for ringbone or bone spavin, cub off the hair from the part aflfected and merely grease the lump with the oiutment. Rub it in well with the naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash it ofi* with soap and water and apply the ointment again. So repeat it every four days. If for windgalls or bogspavin or curb, apply the oiut- ment every six days. JOHNSTON'S LINIMENT. Take oil of origanum one ounce, alcohol 1-2 pint, oil of cedar one-half ounce, oil of cloves one-half ounce, turpentine one-half ounce, olive oil eight ounces,— shake all welL This is used for almost all complaints of the muscles. HOW TO CURE CORNS. Take oflF the shoes, cut out the corns and drop in a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes so they A^ill not bear on the part affected. Apply the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the fever. This is a sure treatment. I never knew it to fail. OPODELDOCK. Take alcohol ona-half gallon, 2 lbs. of castile soap, 4 ounces of gum camphor, 2 ounces oil of ambre, place the alcohol into a pot in hot water, shave up the soap and keep it hot until all dissolves, and you have the old original opo- deldoc. 46 FEESH WOUNDS. First, atop the blood by tying the arteries, or by applying the following wash-4 grains of nitre of silver, om. ounce of 80ft water, wet the wound with this an i then draw the edges together by stiches one inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twenty-four hours, bleed, and apply the blue Ointment, or any of the liniments spoken of. Keep the bowela GREEN OINTMENT Take 6 pounds of lard, put into 10 gallon kettle, add' 2 gallons ot water, cut jimpson weeds, and fill them in and cook them four to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars, add to each lb. of ointment one ounce of tur- pentine. Ihis IS a cheap and good stable ointment— good lor scratches, galls, cuts, &c. ^ LAMPERS. All young horses are liable to this trouble— it ia nothing but mflamation ot the gums. Cure.— Bleed, or scarify the gums— never burn for it spoils the teeth, and adds to the cause of the disease. Give a bran mash, rub the gums with salt— give the cleansing ' A ^^^np2i.?^^J?r?x.™^ ^^^PS TO MAKE OLD HORSES YOUNG, OR GET UP AND HOWL I Take the tincture of asofedita one ounce, tincture of can- tharides one ounce, oil of anise one ounce, oil of cloves one ounce, oil of cinnamon 1 ounce, antamony 2 ounces, fenegreak one ounce, fourth proof brandy one-half gallon, let it stand te?i or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water— or one gallon. i A 4i 47 now TO MAKE OINTMENT LIKE SLOAN'S. Take mutton tallow 4 lbs., beeswax one-half pound, rosia one-half pound, turpentine 3 ounces— melt over a slow fire, and when partly cold add the turpentine, and you have the same ointment Sloan sella to cure everything—try it, and prove its value. BtfTTEN FARCEN. Cause, over heat, high feeding, and no exercise. Symptoms -—the limbs swell up and break out in running sores. Cure— In first stages bleed and physic, then take gentian 2 ounces, ginger 3 ounces, make this into a stiff paste, divide into twelve parts, add to each part separately 10 grains of ar- senic, make into pills, give one morning and evening, until it makes his mouth sore, then wash the sores clean, and apply the blue ointment to the wounds— if not much better in three weeks— bleed and repeat the pills. Apply the diflferent lini- ments to the legs if they swell. Be careful not to get the matter on a wound, or it will kill you. WATER FARCY. This is a swelling aloi>g under the chest, and toward the breast, bleed, rowel in the breast, and all along the swelling, six inches apart, apply the general liniment to the swelling, move the rowels every day, let them stay in until the swelling goes down. Give soft food, mashes, with the cleansing pow- ders in it— this is dropsy. Many causes for it. DIABETES, TOO FREE DISCHARGE OF URINE. OR CANNOT HOLD HIS \^^ATER. Curb. — Give one-half ounce of the cincture of catharides every morning for ten or twelve days, aad if not entirely well repeat it again, and bleed one gallon from the neck— give clean food — the cause is rotton or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine— keep him open with mashes or green food* 48 CON TRACTION OF TENDONS OP THE Nl^lCK Ci' '"(^4,1 !".''if ?^ "" "'?« "-"part X'.^ * ■:; ' "hf il will' tbe'wta oltS.'''"' "''^'^^ ""'" "« '^ -"' ""-l FOR RHEUMATISM. caj^etroSalfZ^ef i;!"''°" "l''"?''"'"" ""e half ounce, spooaful of lobelia and f.^»l^'^"^""'■'"'"■. ""»'=«' <>"« t""' the part Erected Thf^fot^' 'u™.'' "^f '"g'>t. «>en bathe paidVfoTth 3 receipt '*''•' ''^^""^dicine I e er eaw-I ido, use oil* } 3ck bot Mt ing the ce, >a- he -I *