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W H i4> nU< i Hn itj'..^«»i-.*t— ■»-*:.A*«^UBWJ-^'' Ifil ^ . / THE NEW GUIDE TO MONTREAL AND ITS ENVIRONS. WITH A MAP. t! i r 5 ! WJ'*5 MONTRE .Tj : ARMOUR fit R^^MSAY. * J. M'CoY, R. & C. Chalmers, C. Bryson, B. Dawson, R. & A. Miller, Montreal ; P. Sinclair, Quebec ; George Stores, Three Rivers j A. Bryson, Bytown ; W. Buell, BrockviUc j J. Allan, Perth ; J. Duff, Kingston ; J. Harris, BelleTille j A. H. Armour & Co., Toronto ; J. Simpson, Niagara J J. M. Graham, London. 1851. l^ ,-■■ w \. M and near] 1535 magn in re; tion, the n this I impai perio villag Nort shall ment bee, advai ment ^ 1 1 NEW GUroE TO MONTREAL. ' i r I- ' ( I . Montreal is situated in Lat. 45^® N. and Long. 73^^ W., thus agreeing exactly with the cities of Lyons and Venice in Europe in the parallel of latitude, and nearly so with the city of New York in longitude. In 1535 Jacques Cartier, whilst surveying with delight the magnificent prospect which the brow of the " Mountain" in rear of the modern city commanded, gave to the eleva- tion, in honour of his royal master, the King of France, the name of Mount Royal. About a century afterwards this name, having undergone a not unusual corruption, was imparted to the French settlement which arose about that period to the west of Hochelaga, the ancient Indian village. Montreal is the chief commercial city in British North America, and when the Provincial Government shall have abandoned the present plan of holding Parlia- ments every four years alternately at Toronto and Que- bec, it will doubtless from its central position and other advantages be selected as the permanent Seat of Govern- ment. m 'ail r ["A A'i MONTREAL GUmE. It seems proper to premise that Lower Canada is divided into five Districts ; three superior, Montreal , Three Rivers, and Quebec ; and two inferior, St. Francis and Gasp6. These are Judicial divisions, having Courts oi" superior and inferior jurisdiction. The District of Montreal is intersected by the St. Lawrence, and each portion is nearly equal in point of extent, population, and value. The northern portion extends along the Ottawa which forms the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada, till it is bounded by Lake Temiscaming ; the southern has for its opposite frontier the northern bound- aries of the State of New York and Vermont. The island of Montreal is the largest and most fertile in Canada and is formed by the waters of the Ottawa and St. Law- rence on its northern and southern sides respectively. Its generally level surface is diversified by several gentle ridges called coteaux, while the eminence in rear of the city attains a height of five hundred and fifty feet. Its luxuriant production of the choicest fruits and vegetables lias deservedly earned for it the appellation of the " Garden of Canada." The island, which in conjunction with a few islands around it constitutes the County of Montreal and returns a Member to Parliament, is divided into ten parishes ; whereof that of the City of Montreal comprises besides the Royalty and the Suburbs the villages of Hochelaga below the city, Cote des Neiges behind the * Mountain', and St. Henry or the * Tanneries', and the intermediate localities. It is worthy of notice that the intrepid discoverer Cartier for the first time entered \^ MONTREAL GUIDE. Hochelaga, on the 3rd of October, 1535, then a village of Huron Indians, destined, however, to be the nucleus of the modern city of Montreal. On the 15th of August, 1642, the day observed by the Romish Church in honour of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the spot destined for the city was consecrated with due solemnities, com- mended to the protection of the " Queen of Angels", and named Ville Marie. In 1644 the whole of this valuable island became by royal grant the property of the St. Sul- picians at Paris, whose founder, the Abb6 Quelus, landed with authority from the Seminary of St. Sulpice, and before 1657 had cleared and settled a large part of the property. He founded the Seminary of that name in Montreal, and the land of the entire island has been pur- chased from that body, or is in the hands of tenants for a stipulated rental. The population of the island is esti- mated at from sixty-five to seventy thousand souls, of which the city contains about fifty thousand. The rela- tive population of the latter stands nearly thus ; two- tenths are French Canadians ; nearly one-tenth, British Ca- nadians ; one-and-a-half-tenth, English, Irish, and Scotch ; somewhat less than one half-tenth, Germans, United States, &c. For Municipal purposes the city is divided into nine Wards, three of which send three representa- tives to the Council each, and the other six two each. The corporation is thus composed of twenty-one members, comprehending the Mayor, five Aldermen, and fifteen Councillors. Their labours are subdivided amongst seven Committees of Finance, Fire, Light, Markets, Police, I I f I i.l i ' I- ll'i i':r 111 MONTREAL GUn>E. Roads, and Water. The city sends two members to the House of Assembly. We shall now conduct our tourist from Dalhousie Square, as a convenient starting point for an excursion through the city. This square which is built upon the site of the old Citadel, opens upon Notre Dame Street, the principal and most fashionable. It is worth notic- ing that the other principal streets run parallel to this, north and south, and are crossed at right angles by streets running east and west. The streets of the Old City have been named after a variety of the Saints, whilst the nomenclature in tliC more modern part reminds us of Governors Craig, Dorchester, Sherbrooke, &c. On pro- ceeding a little southwarf^<» is seen a low building within a railed parapet, called the <.A Government House. This house, which was originally erected by a company of fur- traders, has been partially repaired and modernized, so as to adapt its suite of apartments, along with those in the adjoining buildings, to the services of various Governmental Departments. It has been repeatedly used as a Govern- ment House, but is now temporarily in the occupation of the Courts of Justice. By crossing the street, and pass- ing the Government Garden on the left, the stranger will find himself at the Champ de Mars or Parade Ground, a level space of two hundred and twenty-seven yards by one hundred and fourteen, well adapted for military exercises. On enq"!ry at his Hotel before starting, he will ascer- tain whether any review of troops or other military rran- oeuvres are to be executed. Eleven o'clock in the fore- MONTREAL GUIDE. 7 noon is the usual hour selected for such purposes. From the Champ de Mars there is a fine view of the north-eastern slopes of the Mountain ; and the eye is caught by an airy and commodious building on an elevated site in this direction. — This is the General Hospital, and is well worthy of a visit from the phi- lanthropic or professional traveller. It is one of the principal ornaments of the city. — It is pleasant to re- flect that in 1818 the earnest representations of the Ladies' Benevolent Society (formed expressly for the relief of indigent emigrants, and that personally superin- tended a soup-kitchen for this purpose) showing the cases of sick who needed, but could not procure, medical aid, succeeded in engaging the sympathies of the public in be- lialf of the claims of their Association. In the interval till the opening of the Institution in 1822, the patients occupied for a year a small house, of four apartments, called the House of Recovery^ and for three years a larger one, of three wards, in Craig Street. Its benevo- lent purpose is, " the reception and cure of diseased poor, and others who may not have the means or conveniency of being duly cared for, when sick, at their own places of residence." The building is so constructed that each of the two wings has an equal capacity with the centre. The central building and the land belonging to it cost £5856. It would be wrong to omit allusion to the circumstances under which the Richardson Wing was added in 1832. The Honble. John Richardson, a Scotchman, emigrated to the late British Colonies in 1774<, and having come to (,>! i'l' ill' !i :''J ,t ! !! 1*11 8 MONTREAL GUIDE. Canada in 1787^ attained great eminence as a merchant) and by a long career of important public services earned the grateful feelings of his fellow-citizens. To give ex- pression to these in a permanent form, on his demise in 1831, it was resolved to erect a cenotaph to his memory in Christ Church. The sums obtained for the purpose in Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and London, and elsewhere, so far exceeded the requisite amount for carrying out the object, that, as the best means of combining honour to the departed and utility to the living, the funds were devoted to the erection of this wing, and so commemorate the worth of the first President of the Hospital, who had so liberally contributed to its foundation and support. The second wing waas erected in 1848 from funds left by the late Judge Reid, also a Scotchman, at the disposal of liis widow, who made the grant subject to the single con- dition that a tablet, similar to the one in the north wing, should commemorate the donation. This wing is devoted principally to such patients as are enabled to contribute to the funds of the Institution in return for the Medical assistance received. One dollar a day is charged for Medical attendance and board during their stay, and this arrangement is of the greatest advantage to those of limited means, which preclude the possibility of their otherwise receiving such attendance as they require. This Hospital is under excellent management, and has proved highly be- neficial to the community. The average scale oUn-dom and Out-door patients for several years somewhat exceeds a thousand in each class annually. Medical students on MONTREAL GUIDE. ayment of a small fee receive much insight into their profession by attending the practise of the Hospital. The only inadmissable cases are those of advanced stages of pregnancy, insanity, and incurable disease. — At the north end of the Parade Ground stands Gosford Street Church, being the Second Congregational or Independant Church. This is a neat modern structure with an ornamental Ionic portico looking towards the parade. — At the south-eastern corner stands St. Gabriel Street Churcli which was opened in 1792, and for several years was called the Scottish Church, as it was the only one in this Province in connection with the Established Church of Scotland. It is remarked that the bell in its steeple is the first Protestant bell that sounded in Canada. — Returning from the Champ de Mars, a large enclosure is passed where masons are now busy at work erecting a new Court House or Palais de Justice. This will form a very strik- ing feature amongst the public buildings of the city. The fagade nearly 300 feet in length, and composed of a centre, side spaces, and wings decorated with columns, and pilasters of the Grecian Ionic Order, rising from a mas- sive arched basement ornamented with rustic work ; in the centre is to be a r.oble portico 76 feet wide, formed of six columns approached by a spacious flight of stone steps at eac^ end, and is to have the Royal Arms sculptured in the pediment. Fire-proof vaults are made in the base- ment for the preservation of legal records, and the ground floor is to be appropriated to the law offices in connection with the respect* .e Courts, namely the Superior Court, a2 1 ! i \ !1. 10 MONTREAL GUIDE. the Criminal Court, and the Circuit Court, which are all on the upper story, accessible by staircases, vestibules, and corridors of proportionate size and well lighted and ventilated. The whole will be inclosed with a handsome iron-railing, and will cost when completed nearly JS35000. — Immediately opposite to the Court House stands Nel- son's Monument, the only monumental column of a public character in the city. On receiving intelligence of the victory obtained by the British fleet off Tra- falgar in October, 1805, several gentlemen entered into a resolution to testify their admiration of the illus- trious commander. In 1809 their resolution eventu- ated in the erection of this chaste monument, which cost j£1300. It is built of the best gray compact lime-stone, which is found in the neighbourhood, is exceedingly dura- ble, and dresses well. The ornaments on the sides of the pedestal, &c., are of the artiflcial stone invented by Coade and Sealy of London, by whom they were executed. It is of the Doric order, and is surmounted by a statue of the same artificial stone, representing the hero in the attitude in which he was standing when he received the fatal shot. His left arm rests upon the stump of a mast amidst blocks, tackle, &:c., as they appear to have fallen from the rigging. On the front side toward the west, the plinth contains an elegant figure of a crocodile, em- blematical of the battle of the Nile. The pannel on this side is ornamented with cannons, anchors, and other appro- priate naval trophies, with a wreath of laurel encircling the inscription. The figures on the east side represent the Eci MONTREAL GUIDE. 11 interview between Lord Nelson and the Prince Regent of Denmark when his Lordship landed after the engage- ment of Copenhagen. On the north side the sea-piece is intended to designate the battle of the Nile, whilst that on the south side commemorates the battle of Trafalgar. The severity of the climate has greatly mutilated several of the figures, — but the citizens are now raising money by private subscription to place this handsome column in a good state of repair. — Pursuing his course a little farther, the stranger will find on his right Christ Church in connection with which, it may be stated that the Rev. Mr. Delisle, a Swiss, was the first Pro- testant Episcopal Clergyman who settled in this city, in 1789, and that his congregation for some years occupied a Church, formerly belonging to the Jesuits' College, the use of which was granted by Lord Dorchester. As has been the misfortune of a great majority of the public buildings in the city, in 1S03 this church was rendered useless for the purposes of wors'iip by fires in the immedi- ate vicinity. Within a few days such measures were adopted as resulted, no doubt after many pecuniary em- barrassments, in the erection of the present handsome structure in 1814. It is worthy of record here that the congregation was in the meantime accommodated with the use of the Scotch Church. Such accommodation on the part of Roman Catholics to Protestant congregations un- der similar circumstances, and of Protestants of different denominations to each other, is matter of fact in the Ecclesiastical history of the city deserving of honourable :!::'! It '' i i1 11 ■ it n I ^1 12 MONTREAL GUIDE. mention. The interior of Christ Church presents an imposing appearance with simplicity of design, having a lofty vaulted ceiling in the centre supported by a range of very handsome Corinthian columns on either side. This church is now the Cathedral Church of the Diocese of Montreal, and the recently appointed Bishop of Mon- treal has his episcopal throne therein The organ, which is a powerful and elegant instrument made by Elliot, of London, was erected in 1816 at an expense of nearly jeiGOO. From the balcony at the base of the spire is an extensive view of the whole city and circumjacent country. — ^The Convent of the Congregation of Notre Dame, or the Black Nunnery, as it is colloquially called from the black dress worn by the sisters, is situated op- posite to Christ Church, the entrance being by an arch- way, aud was founded in 1659. It is composed of a superior and sixty sisters, the most of whom are employed in instructing the pupils in the different branches of female education. The block of very elegant shops and houses to the corner of St. Jean Baptiste Slreet stands upon the property of the Nunnery, which besides the chapel and a large garden comprises the entire sheet just mentioned. We shall afterwards make mention of the enterprising foundress of this establishment. — On the east side of the Place d'Armes or Freiach Square stands the highly im- posing front of the Parish Church. From the found- ation of Montreal in 1642 to IG72 public worship was performed in a wooden chapel, which in the lat- ^r year was succeeded by a more commodious and sub- MONTREAL GUIDE. 13 stantial erection of stone. This stood quite across the middle of Notre .Dame Street, exactly in front of the pre- sent magnificent building, so that passengers were obliged to pass half round the church on either side. Even this church was found inadequate for accommodate ing the rapidly increasing population, and in 1675 the Church of Bonsecours was opened. These were the first churches of stone erected in the island of Montreal. The present P?»rish Church was commenced in 1824, and in 1829 was in so forward a state as to be opened for public worship. It is of the perpendicular style of Gothic architecture of the middle ages, and notwithstanding a manifest destitution of ornament, it is regarded as not in- ferior to any ecclesiastical structure on the continent of North America in the combination of the grand and sim- ple in architecture. The towers in front ar.^ two hundred and twenty feet high, and strangers avail themselves of the magnificent prospect which the southern one affords, and in which is placed the largest bell in America, weighing twenty-nine thousand four hundred lbs, or upwards of thir- teen tons, and cast in London expressly. The interior strikes the spectator more from its vast capacity than otherwise. The ground-floor and two galleries accom- modate ten thou&and sitters in one thousand two hundred and forty-four pews. The five public and three private entrances to the former, and four to the latter, are so arranged that this vast assemblage can assemble and dis- perse without disagreeable pressure. The building com- prises seven chapels and nine spacious aisles, all of which j j ! ( \\l t' i, i; M !1 ! H u MONTREAL GUIDE. are visible from the front entrance. The high altar, which is somewhat in the florid style, bears a resemblance to that of St. Peter's at Rome, the pulpit to that of the Cathedral at Strasburg. The pillars, which support the galleries, are wooden and painted in imitation of clouded Italian or American marble. The organ and painting call for no especial notice. The large figure, occupying a prominent niche in the centre of the front is one of the Virgin, to whose protection the edifice is dedicated. The amount laid out in the construction of this ecclesiastical edifice has reached nearly j£ 100,000, a considerable por- tion of which remains unimbursed. A night-view from the opposite side of the Square is considered to convey to an observer as striking an impression of the imposing mag- nitude of the front as any other. The entire space under the Church forms a cemetery in which the more wealthy Ro- man Catholics are interred. — The handsome and substan- tial edifice immediately adjoining che Church to the south- west, and which replaces one of the oldest establishments in connection with the Roman Catholic Church in the city, is the Seminary of St. Sulpice. It was founded about 1657 by the Abbe Quelus, who had been commissioned by the St. Sulpicians at Paris to erect here an institution on a plan similar to their own. Here reside the members of the order who are occupied with parochial duties. This body has a College for instruction ir all the branches of literary and scientific knowledge. It originally stood in close connection with the Seminary, and received the name of Petite Seminaire or Little Seminary, The I'!^ • m MONTREAL GUIDE. 15 present College, however, including its extensive grounds for exercise and gardens, occupies nearly one entire side of College and Foundling Streets, and may i^ratify the stranger by a visit. Its erection cost upwards of £ 10,000. It has accommodation for one hundred and sixty resident Pupils, besides apartments for the Director or Principal, four professors, and eight tutors. The philosophical ap- paratus is extensive and well selected, embracing the more recent improvements. The regular course of studies, embracing classics, rhetoric, belles-lettres, mathematics and natural philosophy, lasts eight years. Here also is superintended the preliminary training of the Ecclesiastics who may be induced to devote themselves to the Roman Catholic priesthood. It deserves to be mentioned that at the annual distribution of prizes in the end of July the more advanced pupils evince a progress in classics, gener- al literature, and science, which reflect much credit upon their instructors. In immediate connection with the Col- lege is a school for instruction of about three hundred junior Pupils in the common branches, conducted by Les Freres dcs Ecolcs CJirctlennes, or the Brothers of the Christian Schools. The Sulpicians liave also established schools in different parts of the Parish — Two buildings of massive construction, belonging to the two oldest Banking Establishments not only of the City but of the Province, occupy the west side of the French Square. The one, surmounted by the large dome, and wjiich is a beautiful specimen of the Corinthian order of architecture, is the Baak of Mootreal, and cost in its erection £25,000... '1 I- ■ H' 'I ':h l-li '1 i ? II t i ■I <: m Ui' I 16 MONTREAL GUIDE. This institution was chartered in 1817, has a capital of jG750,000, and has Agencies in the principal towns of the United Province. — The other is the City Bank, present- ing an elegant specimen of the Grecian style of architec- ture. This was chartered in 1832 and has a capital of £225,000.— The centre of the Square is tastefully laid out as a flower garden, containing a fountain, and sur- rounded by a very handsome iron railing on a stone plinth, the gate-piers being surmounted with the City Arms. — On the other side of the Montreal Bank is an elegant building, till recently belonging to that esta- blishment, but now occupied by the Banque du Pcuple or People's Bank. Its front is ornamented with four emblematical devices of Agriculture, Manufactures, Arts, and Commerce in bas-relief. Its erection cost upwards of £11,000. It was opened in 1835 and has a capital of £200,000. — A little farther, on the opposite side of the street (Great St. James') is the Bank of British North America, — a lofty structure with a facade composed of the Greek Doric, and Ionic Order. The principal stockhold- ers are in London, where is the head office. The capital is one million sterling. It has Branches and Agencies in the principal towns of Canada, and in the capitals of the Lower Provinces, besides an Agency in New York. — The New Wesleyan Church in this street is a spacious building, and is regarded as a fine specimen of the Florid Gothic style of architecture of the fifteenth century. It can seat two thousand persons, and cost £12,500. — The St. Lawrence Hall Hotel, the Odd Fellows' Hall, the Ottawa. MONTREAL GUIDE. 17 Hotel, and the American Presbyterian Church contribute a due share to the substantial and tasteful architecture of this handsome street. The congregation of the Amer- ican church was organized in 1822. The individuals originally composing it seceded from the St. Andrew's (Scotch Establishment) congregation. The name assum- ed intimates their national origin. It was opened for pub- lic worship in 1S26. — By going a few yards beyond this church the stranger can command a fine view of the well wooded and precipitate portion of the Mountain, and has on the rising foreground St. Patrick's Church to the right, and to the left Zion Church, New St. Andrew's Church, and the Unitarian Church fronting the spectator a few yards to the right of the one just mentioned.— St. Patrick's, which is in the Gothic style of the fifteenth century, is com- fortably seated for nearly Ave thousand persons. The in- terior is finished in a chaste and simple manner, whilst the absence of galleries imparts a light and airy appearance to the lofty walls and ceiling. The spire is two hundred and twenty-five feet high, and is one of the most striking objects to one approaching the city. — The congregation of Zion Church comprises the members of the First Con- gregational or Independa^it Church of this city. This body in 1832 did not number above fifteen individuals, when they formed themselves into a Christian Church. A neat place of worship was opened in 1835, and such was the increase of pewholders that the present more commo- dious and handsome structure was completed in 1844<. — The Scotch Church is for the accommodation of the con- i i - 1 iini n hi' I: I' Hi 18 MONTREAL GUIDE. gregation under the pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. Ma- thieson. This congregation since the resignation of the first incumbent in 1824, who belonged to the Lurgher Seceders in Scotland, has been in connection with the Established Church in that country. This church, is after the model of the celebrated Cathedral of Salisbury, which is perhaps the most beautiful example of the eccle- siastical architecture of the old country. The tower and spire when this fine building is completed will he i^pward? of one hundred and eighty feet. — It is recommended to the tourist now to descend M^Gill Street to the River. On arriving at its intersection by Notre Dame Street, he will discover at a few yards to his left a very antique building, the Recollet Church. When this order was extinguished in Canada, the British Government exchanged the ground, on which their Monastery stood, and the adjoining lands, for the beautiful Island of St. Helen (which lies opposite the lower portion of the city), then the property of the Hon. Mr. Grant. The Seminary purchased from him the Church, and adjoining buildings, for supplying the large influx of Irish emigrants with a separate place of worship. Here the Irish Roman Catholics continued to worship till the more commodious St. Patrick's Church was opened at the close of 1847. — A few yards south, and on a part of the grounds formerly pertaining to the Recollets, stands St. Paul's Church (3a :.nnexi(;. ivith the Scotch Establishment), a chaste building of cut stone with a well finished Gothic front. It was opened for Divine Service in 1834.— A little farther in the same Street (St. Helen, !!'■ I MONTREAL GUIDE. 19 called after the island of that name in consequence of the exchange just alluded to) is the Baptist Chapel, which was begun and finished for public worship in 1831. It is in connection with the Ottawa Baptist Association. — To^vards the eastern extremity of M'Gill Street is the new St. Ann's Market now in progress of construction, and which is to be ready for occupation in the month of April, 1852. — It is to be of brick, in the Italian style, with a cut stone base. The entire length of the building will be 300 feet, and intended for a Butcher Market, ex- cept the centre part which is to be appropriated to the sale of butter, eggs, and poultry, while the old market now in use will be for vegetables, &;c. Over the Butter Market will be a room 55 feet by 44, and 23 feet high, to be used for Assemblies or other public purposes. A clock tower and belfry will surmount tlie whole, and the basement will have ice-houses conveniently accessible for the use of the butchers' stalls. Ample provision is made for drainage, and it is considered that this building will be ex- cellently adapted to its purj oses. — Opposite to the Market stands the Grey Nunnery or General Hospital of the Grey Sisters. This ancient establishment was originally founded as far back as 1692 by the charitable exertions of the citi- zens of Montreal, at the head of whom was M. Charron, a native of Normandy. It was designed as an Asylum for infirm and superannuated persons, and also for orphans in destitute circumstances. These last were to be employed in work suitable to their age, and put in the way of learn- ing a trade. The design was nobly encouraged by the I \\ -Uii ■K' VI ',' (I-- !|i ( III Ml Hii 20 MONTREAL GUmE. gentlemen of the Seminary, who granted an extensive lot of ground, on a part of which the present Hospital stands, quite unencumbered, but subject to the simple proviso that, if the establishment should ever cease to exist, the whole should revert to the Ecclesiastics of the Seminary. Under the prudent direction of M. Charron, the first superior, the institution made rapid progress, having in 1693 made several purchases of real estate, among which may be mentioned that at Point St. Charles. The managers were invested with new powers under the title of Vreres, Ckarrons. Unfortunately his successor proved ill qualified for conducting such an establishment, and at length the entire brotherhood, with the exception of two or three, withdrew. In 1737 a Madame Youville, who had been left a widow at twenty-eight years of age, and was possessed ot a competent fortune, succeeded m influencing a few ladies of congenial minds to form them- selves into a Society for irrevocably devoting themselves to acts of charity and other religious duties to the aged and infirm poor. This lady, possessing a rare combina- tion of the requisite qualifications for the superintendence of such a community, was at once recognised as Superior. For several years the excellent management of these sisters had attracted general notice and approbation ; and the Seminarists looked to them as the fittest persons for receiving the disorganized and burdened hospital. The ]^>eres had left it under a debt of more than JC2000, which Madame Youville engaged to discharge, chiefly from her own private funds, and undertake the re-organi- MONTREAL GUIDE. 21 nation and responsibility, on condition that she should be judicially appointed Manager. Accordingly in 1747 this sisterhood entered upon their arduous enterprise in this new field of labour, in which they found four inmates, bringing with them nine of their own poor. In a few years such an amount of success crowned their pious exer- tions that the original design was so enlarged as to admit the sick and wounded of every race and station. Of these classes there were about one hundred inmates, and in 1755 the premises were much enlarged, the greater part of which was unhappily destroyed by fire in 1765. In a short time it was again rebuilt on a more commodious plan, and from time to time material additions have been made, so as to enable the Society to extend its bounty to a greater number of foundlings and lunatics. This ex- tended usefulness has been accoinplisbed in a considerable degree through grants from the Tjegislature and the revenues from the island and seigniory of Chateauguay, whose value has of recent years been considerably in- creased. Before closing this notice it seems just to ob- serve that this Institution has done incalculable service by providing for a large number of individuals who must have been burden-some to society, while dragging out a miserable existence. The correctness of this statement may be judged from the fact, that there arc one hundred and fifty residents within the walls besides several servants and attendants. Hence the tourist should descend to the Wharves, which for extent and solidity of construction arc unequalled upon this Continent. The street fronting <>0 MONTREAL GUIDE. the river contains several blocks of most substantial ware- houses and a few public edifices. — By no means should the stranger omit to visit the Basins of the Lachine Canal at the upper extremity of the wharves. This is is one of those Public "Works of which Montreal may well be proud. This costly canal was constructed for the pur- pose of evading the Lachine Rapids and uniting the Lake of St. Louis and the harbour to the city. There is a rise of about forty-six feet. The bridges and locks, built of stone from a quarry near the Indian village of Caughnawaga, are remarkable for solidity and elegance. These will admit sailing vessels of from six to eight hun- dred tons burthen ; and steamers of a larger class than any now in use on the St. Lawrence may pass each other at any portion of the line. There is at Lachine a spacious harbour formed by a stone pier running out into the lake about a quarter of a mile and 600 feet from the shore with a light house at the end, so as to give vessels a clear channel into deep water, and a basin for small craft and rafts inside. The continuous alluvial bottom along the entire line of the canal, and the escarpment by which it is bounded, intimate that the main flood of the St. Lawrence in former times covered these parts. — It may be noted here that the wire of the Montreal and Troy Telegraph was formerly carried across the St. Lawrence near the chute of the Lachine Rapids. The breadth of the river here is six thousand three hundred and eighty feet. The wire was supported on two masts, one hundred and fifty feet from the ground, erected on strong scaffolding in the middle of MONTREAL GUIDE. 23 the river, the one on Alsopp's Island and the other on a - submerged rock. It is now carried under the water at the Island of St. Helens and continued on the shore along the new extension line of the St. Lawrence and Lake Champiain Railway. Near the upper Basin at the lower end of the Canal at Montreal there has been erected a large flouring establishment, called the City Mills. It contains six runs of stones, and can manufacture from five to six hundred barrels of superfine flour per day. There are several other mills here such as nail- works, saw-mills, &c. The Stores along the Basin are very commodious and capable of receiving a vast amount of pro- duce. T*^ returning along the wharves towards the Barracks, the stranger will pass the Custom-House, a small but handsome building occupying the centre of the Square to which it gives its name. It is of the Tuscan order, and its fronts are surmounted by pediments. Some idea may be formed of the amount of business done in the Customs here, from the statement that in 1850 two hundred and eleven vessels were entered, whose tonnage amounted to forty-six thousand one hundred and fifty-six tons. — The duties collected at this port for the same year amounted to the large sum of £212,185 16s, sterling, and the value of goods imported to JG 1,473,702 3s 3d, sterling. Proceeding a little northward in St. Paul Street, the stranger will come to the Hotel Dieu Nun- nery, the church of which fronts this street. This was the first Religious House formed in the city, having been founded in 164*4 by Madame de Bouillon. It is conduct- 24 MONTREAL GUIDE. ed by a superior and thirty-six nuns. Here the diseased poor of both sexes have for generations found an asylum. An air of convenience and neatness pervades all the buildings belonging to this institution. Strangers wishful to see the interior of this, or any of the Nunneries, by making application for permission from the Lady Superior, seldom fail in having their vrishes gratified. — A little northward along the River will be found the Bonsecours iMarket, which for spaciousness and conveniency in ar- rangements is not surpassed on this Continent. Its in- terior is worthy of a visit. This edifice cost upwards of .£70,000. The second story of this building is now being fitted up for the offices of the City Corporation on the southern side of the central rotunda, and for a Concert and Exhibition Room on the other. The Corporation Offices consist of a City Hall 55 feet by 43, and 21 feet high, handsomely decorated with pilasters and enriched entablature, a canopy supported by fluted columns is to be formed over the Mayor's Chair, and the ceiling is to be panelled and to have ornamented openings for ventilation. Commodious arrangements are made for the Members of the Corporation, and there will be galleries for the accommodation of the public and reporters. A central corridor communicates from the Hall with the several offices and apartments required for the business of the Corporation. These consist of private chambers for the Mayor and Aldermen, offices for the City Clerk, City Treasurer, City Surveyor, the Superintendant of the Water Works and of the Fire Department, and several m MONTREAL GUIDE. 25 Committee Rooms. There is also the Recorder's Court for the trial of police cases within the municipal jurisdiction with offices attached. This Court has communication by a staircase with the Chief Police Station, which is on the ground story of the building. Fire proof vaults are pro- vided for the Offices of the City Clerk, and City Trea- surer and for the Recorders' Court and the police office. The Concert or Exhibition room is 177 feet by 55, and 21 feet high, the ceiling will be decorated with pannels and ornamental ventilators, and the walls with a frieze and cornice. The entrance for the public will be from the centre hall under the rotunda, and at the opposite end of the room is an apartment as an auxiliary to the Concert room having an entrance on the opposite side of the building. In its close vicinity is the Church of Notre Dame de Bonsecours. It was founded in 1658, but in consequence of several obstacles was not finished till 1675. This was the first church built of stone in the island. In 1754' it was consumed by fire, and its re- erection was not completed till 1773. The foundress was the celebrated Marguerite Bourgeois, a native of Troyes in France. She came to Montreal in 1653, and, after a series of obstacles which would have daunted less benevo- lent minds, and the removal of which she accomplished by revisiting France and obtaining the authority of Govern- ment, she was enabled to complete this church, and to es- tablish the Congregational Nunnery, already noticed. A little beyond is the Engine-house for forcing up from the River the water for the supply of the city. It is received B i « t i 26 MONTREAL GUIDE. into two reservoirs capable of containing about half a mil" lion of gallons. — An additional reservoir (supplied by the same engine) is situated a short distance north-west of the city, at an elevation of about a hundred feet above the general level. It is 200 feet in length by 100 feet wide and 20 feet deep surrounded by a terrace seven yards wide, furnished with benches, forming a delightful pro- menade from the beauty of the view to the north and south, extending far down the river. The slope from the terrace is neatly turfed and has trees planted all round the margin. It is open to the public till sunset. — A little farther on from the Engine-house are situated the Commissariat Buildings and the Barracks, which from their situation are frequently distinguished as the Quebec Gate Barracks. Under the French this build- ing belonged to a nunnery, but shortly after the conquest, was converted to its present purpose. These barracks were enlarged in 1S22, and are capable of containing about one thousand troops. A little farther on is the Ar- tillery Barrack. On the beautiful island of St. Helen, which lies opposite and belongs to Government, are perma- nent barracks, an armoury, magazine, &:c. — The travel- ler will now return to the point from whence he set out — to Dalhousie Square, the west-^de of which contains the Quarters of the Military Olficers. On the south- west side has been recently erected a lofty and extensive building of cut-stone called the Hayes' House Hotel, the ground story devoted to ollices, reading-rooms, &:c.,a large portion of the story above is occupied as a ball and MONTREAL GUIDE. 27 half a mil- ed by the th-west of eet above f 100 feet even yards rhtful pro- north and slope from planted all till sunset, are situated cks, which bed as the 1 this build- [le conquest, jse barracks containing n is the Ar- St. Helen, ;, are perma- -The travel- he set out ich contains 1 the south- nd extensive ouse Hotel, ooms, &c.,a as a ball and assembly room, embellished in a style not surpassed on this continent. There is an observatory on the top of the build- ing commanding beautiful views. — A few minutes' walk from the Parade will conduct the stranger to the Bishop's Church or rather Cathedral. It was erected in 1824, and is capable of containing three thousand persons. Montreal was erected into a Bishopric in 1836. Monsr. J. J. Lar- tigue was the first Pvoman Catholic Bishop of Montreal. Previously he was Suffragan of the Metropolitan Bishop of Quebec, under the title of Bishop of Telmesse. His successor is the present incumbent, the Right Rev. Ignace Bourget. Near to the above, there has been erected, by contribution, a magnificent building, called the Bishop's Palace. It has a very fine portico of Ionic columns fluted, and when finished will be surmounted by an observatory and cupola. In rear stands the Nunnery of the Sisters of Charity. — The Jail is the chief public building towards the northern extremity of the city. It cost about jS30,000. The building consists of three stories, and a fourth in the centre, besides the basement. This contains thirty-two cells for solitary confinement, and the kitchens, bath- rooms, &;c. The first story contains the Magistrates' or Grand Jut'y-room, Instruction-room, &c., and sixty-four cells. Besides the Gaoler's and Matron's apartments, the second story contains fifty cells and three day-rooms for prisoners. The third story is entirely occupied by thirty- three bedrooms and three day-rooms for debtors. Female prisoners occupy the cells in the back-wings of each story. The chapel surmounts the centre of the third if lli I iil 28 MONTREAL GUIDE. story. It is so constructed that five classes of prisoners ^ entering by separate stairs, can sit in view of the pulpit, and are prevented from seeing each other. Each of the three wings ha? a cistern capable of holding ten hundred * and seventy-seven gallons. These three cisterns supply the whole establishment with water, and can be filled in forty minutes by means of a forcing-; "iip, v/orked by ten of the prisoners, although fixed nearly one hundred feet above the river. We believe that the establishment has not the benefit of a resident chaplain, and that there is an urgent call for improving the moral and religious instruc- tion of the inmates. The present keeper, Mr. M'Ginn, is well entitled to favourable notice here in consideration of his zealous exertions to better the condition of the de- praved and wretched indwellers. — In this direction lie the City Gas-works, the St. Mary Foundry, and the Rope Manufactory. In the year 1848, a New City Gas-work with premises on an improved and extensive scale was erected in Griffintown suburb. An understanding has been come to betwixt the stockholders of both com- panies and they now form one concern.. The Foun- dry is particularly noted for the manufacture of steam- boilers of the largest description. In the Ropery every description of cordage is manufactured by machinery on a patent method. The quantity of hemp consumed is about t^vo hundred tons annually, giving employ- ment to about forty hands. The Walk is twelve hun- dred feet long, three-fourths of which are two stories high. Russian hemp, imported from England, is used MONTREAL GUIDE. 29 in these works. Hopes are entertained that the ob- stacles, which have discouraged ''^ growth and manufac- ture of hemp in this Lower Province, will be ere long re- moved. Good judges have pronounced the soil and climate well adapted for its cultivation. — The first ships built in Montreal were constructed by Mr. David Munn about 1806 in the ship-yard at the Current St. Mary. According to Mr. Gould's statement, the yearly average of vessels built in the Province in 1825-6-7-8 was forty- six. The number after that period greatly decreased. In 1829 the yard became the property of Messrs. Shea &: Merritt. Under the superintendence of the latter gentleman many large steamers and vessels have been built. — We may here briefly notice a few buildings in a cluster in the centre of the city ; viz., the Theatre Royal in Cote Street, the British and Canadian School, the Christian Brothers' School, the Free Church in Cot6 Street, the Scotch Secession Church and the Jews' Synagogue in Chenneville Street. — The British and Ca- nadian School Society was instituted in 1822 for promot- ing the education of the young of the labouring classes of every persuasion. The building was finished in 1827, and is capable of containing about four hundred i)oys and two hundred and fifty girls. The attendance, however, of late years has averaged only about two hundred and fifty. The entrance to the class-rooms for each sex is at either extremity. The Brothers' School is under the superintendence of the Fr(ircs des Ecnles Chre- tienneSj and is attended by upwards of five hundred pupils. ,. f 'I '' I'M 30 MONTREAL GUIDE, chiefly French Canadian. Behind the school are th«v huildings occupied by the Brothers, who number about twenty-five, and are distributed daily in superintend- ing not only this central school, but those at the Bis- hop's or St. James' Church and the French College. — The Synagogue is a fine specimen of the Egyptiaiir style of architecture. It is substantially built, and the interior is very handsomely finished. Mrs. Frances .Michaels contributed j6575 towards the defrayment of the expenses. It is the only Synagogue in British North America. — Amongst the Public Institutions we notice the University of M'Giil College, and the High School. The first was endowed from funds arisina: from a val- uable estate at the base of the Mountain (on part of which the buildings are erected) and the sum of £10,000, bequeathed in 1814 in trust to The Royal Institution for th? Advcuiccment of Learning in Loiver Canada \s) the Hon. James M'Gill, an opulent merchant in this city. For several years the will was contested, so that the Governors, who were incorporated in 1821, did not obtain full possession of the property un- til 1828. No religious test is imposed upon professors or students. There are three terms, the fee for each of which is j£3 6s 8d. At present the Medical Statf com- prises one Professor, eight Lecturers, and a Demonstra- tor of Anatomy. The number of students in this depart- ment has been on the increase for some years past ; and betwixt a dozen and a score graduate yearly. Besides a Professor of Classics, there are Lecturers in Botany, Law, MONTREA- .UIDE. 31 French, History and Logic, and Math* matios d Natu ral Philosophy. The Vice-Principal, the Ilegi rar, &c who, having been much taken with its pleasant situation during a visit to Canada in the naval service of his country, the residents commemor>ited the circumstance by giving it this new name. It was regu- larly laid out about 1785 when some loyalists and dis- banded soldiers settled in it, and to this day many old military servants of the Crown reside here. The streets intersect each other at rig-ht anoles, and in the centre is " Royal Square." The eight principal streets are named after different branches of the royal family. Here are several Government buildings, as a barrack, block-house, hospital, &:c., in consequence of some companies of troops being usually stationed here from its important position in commanding the communication between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence. The Commander of the Forces occupies the Government-cottage, as it is called. The po- pulation amounts to about two thousand five hundred. The houses, though generally constructed of wood, are substan- tial. The Protestant and Catholic churches are of stone. On the opposite shore of the Richelieu are excel! J^nt accom- modations for ship-building, in which vessels of large ton- nage used to be constructed. This branch of trade, how % 1 m h til, II 44 MONTREAL GUIDE. 1; ri '3' II ?., :| 1 i i! ever, has not been pursued to the extent that might have been expected. Here most of the Montreal steamers are laid up for the winter. — A few miles below William- Henry the St. Lawrence widens into its last expansion, called Lake St. Peter. It is about twenty-five miles long, and from five to ten in width. Its upper extremity for about nine miles is studded with numerous islands, some affording excellent pasturage, and others still cov- ered with tall primeval trees. Some of the group belong to Government. On approaching the Lake the stranger can descry, overtopping the islands, the church-spire of Berthier, a village pleasantly situated on the North Chan- nel of the River. From being midway between Montreal and Three Rivers in the direct route of the stages esta- blished on the plan of those in the Mother Country between Montreal and Quebec, and from having well fur- nished stores for the supply of the neighbouring populous seigniories, it has become a place of considerable resort and traffic. Hence large quantities of grain are annual- ly exported. From its flat situation much damage has been sometimes caused to the basements of the houses and goods in th? stores by the melting of the snow and ice in spring. So great has the rise been that it has been necessary to remove large quantities of grain to the upper stories of granaries in order to preserve it from in- jury. A similar inconvenience happens at Vercheres on the south side. Not far from Three Rivers the Mineral Springs of St. Leon are situated. There is a good Hotel in the village and the waters are much frequented. MONTREAL GUIDE. 45 The banks on either side of St. Peter Lake are very low, and shoals stretch from tliem to a considerable distance, so that there is but a narrow passage for shipping from two to three fatlioms in depth. This intri- cate channel is marked olT by poles and other beacons. Large sums of money have been expended by the Legis- lature from year to year in attemp's to deepen the chan- nel to the requisite depth for vessels of large tonnage, but from the shifting nature of the bed, or injudicious manage- ment, or some other cause, the results have been hitherto unsatisfactory. During the year 1851 however, the efforts to improve the channel have been resumed with every pros- pect of success. — On passing the group of islands we leave the District of Montreal and enter that of Three Rivers. Three considerable rivers, the Yamaska, St. Francis, and Nicolet, flow at equal intervals into the Lake on the south shore. The St. Francis issues from a lake of the same name, and after a course of upwards of a hundred miles reaches the Lake. Near its mouth are several islands, the largest of which is four miles long, is well settled, and contains a church and parsonage-house. There is an Indian village on the east side of the river. The settlement comprises thirty -seven acres. These Indians are of the Abenaquais tribe, and subsist by raising in a very indifferent manner a little Indian corn and potatoes, and rearing a few pigs and poultry. To these means they add a little by fishing, and by hunting during the winter. They are chiefly Roman Catholics, and on that account the Governmenc supports a Koman Catholic Missionary. I: 46 MONTREAL GUIDE, .1, I' i : ? Wr i ^ i A Methodist Missionary has recently resided amongst them, and a few families adhere to him. They num- ber about three hundred. A few miles from the mouth of the last is Ts'icolet, near which is .i College on an en- larged scale, founded about the beginning of this century, and maintained in its infancy by the liberality of the Roman Catholic Bishop of (Quebec. — After passing Port 8t. Francis, where passengers land for the Eastern Townships, the River soon resumes its usual breadth. — The town of Trois Rivieres or Three Rivers is pleas- antly situated on the west side of the St. Maurice, at its confluence with the St. Lawrence. Two small islands in the mouth of the St. Maurice give the appearance of three distinct rivers, and hence originated the name. It is one of the oldest places in Canada, having been begun in 1618 by some French colonists, with a view of making it a depot whence the fur-trade might be carried on with the Indians to the nothward ; but Montreal, being found a more convenient station, became the main emporium for this traffic. On this account the town made little progress till the year 1737, when the establishment of a Royal Foundry at St. Maurice, eight miles in rear of the town, contributed somewhat to its improvement. At the ccn- quest of the Province the right of the French king de- volved on His Britannic Majesty, and the Forges were leased to private persons who worked them with success. More recently they have passed into the hands of the Hon. James Ferrier, lately Mjiyor of Montreal, an en- terprising citizen. The Foundry, by means of furnaces, MONTREAL GLIDE. 4.7 nongst r num- mouth an en- entury, of the s: Port i^astern idth.— j pleas- , at its islands ince of ne. It I begun making on with g found ium for (FOgress lloyal town, he ccn- cmg de- es were success, of the an en- urnaces, forges, smelting-houses, and workshops, manufactures stoves of every description, large caldrons or kettles for pot-ashes, machinery for mills, wheels for rail-road-cars, lamp-posts, &c. tVc. Large quantities of pig and bar iron are exported. TJpw(»rds of three hundred men are employed, and their dwellings present the appearance of a small village. The manager is a Scotchman : the pat- tern-makers, moulders, and other workmen are Cana- dians. The ore which is abundant, is equal to the best Swedish. It is singular that hitherto there has not been found in either province SLinLJ suitable for the purpose of casting iron. For this reason the proprietors import from Britain what they use in this operation. The stoves manufactured here are preferred by the hahitans to those of any other manufactures. Peltry in small quantities is still brought by the Indians, and received by the Agents of the Hudson's Bay Company. The site of the town and vicinity is flat and sandy. The wharfage is good^ admitting ships of large tonnage close to it. The streets are narrow, of which the principal one, Notre Dame, runs the whole length of the town, nearly j)arallel with the Kiver. The Ursuline Convent was founded in 1677 by the then Bishop of Quebec. It has a '"'uperior and twenty- four nuns. The original building was destroyed by fire in 1806, but, from the high estimation in which the Ursulines were held, it was rebuilt and re-occupied in 1808. A decided improvement in the construction of private resid- ences has taken place. The court-house, goal, barracks, and churches are substantial buildings of stone. In this ■ i\ I ill -' ':.V| m i i\ 4^8 MONTREAL GUIDE. I town there are about one hundred of the Algonquin tribe of Indians in a state of great poverty. On the St. Maurice there are nearly as many of the Tete de Boul6 tribe in a similar condition. Three Rivers has a po- pulation of upwards of five thousand, and sends a member to the Legislative Assembly. We beg to refer the tourist to the Canadian (^uide Book for an account of the scenery of the St. Maurice and in particular of that of the Falls of the Shewina- gam and Grande Mere. — Nearly opposite to Three Rivers, the Becancour, after a course of about seventy miles, joins the St. Lawrence. A little above the village of Becancour, which lies to the east, is a settlement of Abenaquais Indians, who occupy a few acres of land and three islands. They only amount to about one hundred, and in their customs and occupations are quite similar to those at St. Francis. — A few miles belr.w on the left bank is Batiscan, at the mouth of the river of that name. Six miles upon its east side is a foundry of the same descrip- tion with that on the St. Maurice, but on a much smaller scale. It is the property of several individuals. It is proper to remark that, without almost a single exception, the numerous tributaries of the St. Lawrence from the top of Lake St. Peter to Quebec are rendered unnaviga- ble an account of falls and rapids. These tributaries used to be crossed by means of canoes and scows kept by fer- ry-men at a somewhat high charge for the transport of passengers, carriages, &c. Of late years, however, a great improvement has taken place in this respect, as the MONTREAL GUIDE. 49 lin tribe the St. e Boul6 s a po- lends a )eg to 3ok for ice and hewina- Three seventy ; village ment of land and lred,and to those bank is le. Six descrip- 1 smaller ;. It is ception, rom the maviga- ries used t by fer- sport of eever, a t, as the post-road is now generally continued across these ancient ferries by means of the substantial wooden bridges that havt been constructed. — The village of Sie. Anne next appears on the same side, to the east of the river of that name. Here the large District of Quebec commences on both sides of the St. Lawrence. — The steamer is now approaching the Richelieu Hapids, which extend for up- wards of eight miles. 'I'hese are about equally distant between Three llivers and Quebec. Here the channel is so contracted that the navigation is rendered very iiazardous except at particular periods of the tide. Lur- ing this passage may frequently be seen a considerable fleet of vessels of various classes lying at the mouth of the Portneuf, for the purpose of receiving ftvights of Hour and timber from the extensive grist and saw-mills beautifully situated in a hollow near the main road. During low water, vessels, in passing up and down, usually anchor here. In this way I'ortneuf presents a bustling appear- ance. — Eastwards the banks gradually increase in eleva- tion until at Cap Santo they are one hundred and fifty feet above the lUver. The Church, standing on the point of the Cape, cannot fail to attract the stranger's notice. This Church, with its three spires, is distin- guishable at a great distance, and serves as a land-mark to pilots going down the llivcr. The Cape is about thirty miles from (Quebec, i'rom Cap Sante a large shoal, called BnUurc ilu, dtp Sa?itef stretches nearly to the entrance of the Jacques Cartier. It is thickly beset with rocks uncovered at low water. It is almost super- I ^1 .Mt !*• Il'" 50 MONTREAL GUIDE. I m ! fluous to remind the reader, that the river just mentioned has derived its name from the famous navigator who first examined the St. Lawrence, and secured his vesselh* ot the entrance of this river during the winter of 1536. This river, from the precipitous nature of the ground over which it passes, has so impetuous a course that, where the main road passes the ferry near the St. Lawrence, the boats used to be traversed from side to side by means of hawsers stretched from one side to the other. It has now, however, a splendid bridge thrown across. In its course it approaches within sixteen miles of Quebec, and in a military point of view has been regarded as a power- ful natural barrier, and may be termed one of the out- works to the city and environs of Quebec. Indeed i)' French, when expelled from Quebec in 1759, retired h^- hind this river, and hastily threw up a work, under the im- pression that they could remain in safety for a time from the molestation of their conquerors. — The village at Pointe aux Trembles, on the left bank and about twenty miles from Quebec, is pleasantly situated on the project- ing point of that name. In it is a convent conducted by Sisters of the Congregation of (Quebec. Many of the in- habitants are industrious and enjoy a competency. The am- phitheatre behind presents a pleasing coup (Vml of farms cultivated to the summits of the hills, and of substantial farm-houses amidst gardens and orchards. — From the Point nearly to the Seigniory of Desmaurc or St. Augus- tin stretches a shoal, called La Batturc de la Pointe aux TrcmblcSf having numerous rocks uncovered at low MONTREAL GUIDE. 51 water. Between Pointe aux Trembles and Cap Rosier may be seen near the shore the ruins of the first Roman Catholic Chapel built in Canada. A little below is seen Cap Rouge, which is about eight miles distant from Que- bec. The Riviere du Cap Rouge feels the abstraction of the ebb of the St. Lawrence so strongly, that at low water its bed is nearly dry, and can be easily crossed without the assistance of the ferry-boat. At high water, boats of considerable burden can ascend as high as the mill, about three-quarters of a mile from the St. Law- rence ; and a handsome bridge has been erected by the Board of Works. In the vicinity of the Cap the main road ascends a steep acclivity, of which travellers seldom fail to feel the effects, particularly in summer. On passing the Cap the Citadel of Quebec comes in view, presenting a sight at once grand and interesting from the natural beauty of its position and the historical associations with which it is connected. — On the southern shore will be seen, near the mouth of the Chaudi6re, New Liverpool Cove, which has been found a convenient situa- tion for constructing and repairing ships. A little below is Pointe des Pe-es, whence there is a ferry to Quebec. — Soon Wolfe's Cove is passed, and the steamer rapidly approaches the wharf, passing Inrough a dtmse line of British shipping, moored beneath the tower-crowned heights of Cape Diamond. — The steamers plying between Quebec and Montreal arc cf a very superior kind, and commanded by experienced and well informed captains. Paring the summer months, these boats generally leave 52 MONTREAL GUIDE, Montreal at six or seven o'clock, P. M., arriving at Que-, bee at from four to five o'clock next morning, while the upward boats leave Quebec, an hour earlier, say at five o'clock, P. M., in ordtT to make up for the difference in time caused by the downward current, and arrive in Mon- treal generally at from five to six o'clock, A.M. For the Tiavellers guidance in Quebec he might supply I.im- self with the New Giude to Quebec, published by Mr. P. Sinclair and if he feels disposed to extend his peregrina- tions throughout the Province he will find the Canadian Guide Book with its accompanying map a useful com- panion. ..11 at Que-, hile the y at five rence in in Mon- /[. For ply Iiim- Y Mr. P. eregrina- anadian ful com- INDEX. LIABILITIES AND ASSETS OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF MONTREAL, To THE 31sT January, 1851. LIABILITIES. £ Corporation Bonds not bearing in- terest, ....'... 330 Corporation Bonds bearing interest, 117,872 14 6 St. Ann's Market Bonds, . . . 15,584 18 6 8. d. X s. d. Balance due on Loans for specific purposes, Balance due on Retired Allowances, Amount due for Lighting the City to 31 st January, 1851, . . . Arrears of Interest for 1849, not called for, Arrears of Interest for 1850, . . Corporation Debentures issued as a loan to the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad Company . . 133,787 13 130 4 4 100 452 15 5 ^3 11 10 497 16 3 125,000 i:260,042 10 c2 54 INDEX. ASSETS. I 1 i Cash on hand ...... Bonsecours Marl 3t Buildings, in- cluding New Stores, .... Jacques Cartier Square Buildings, formerly the Market Weigh House, &c, Hay Market Property .... Viger Market Property, . . . Papineau Market Property, . , Vacant Lots on Mountain Street, Do. do. on Craig Street, . Do. do. on Campeau Street Do. do. on St. Catherine Street St. Ann's Market Property, . , Fire Department Property . . Arrears of Assessments and Duty on business for 1848, . . . Arrears of Assessment and Duty on business for 1849, . , . Arrears of Assessment and Duty on business for 1850, . . . Due by sundry persons, for Drains constructed opposite to their res- * pective Properties, .... Due the City by Deed of Sale, . Su Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad Stock, transferred to the Corpo- ration as security for loan to the amount, Balance due by Water Works De- partment, Balance at Debit of the City, . JB B. d. £ 8. d. 145 2 5 67,717 16 7 1,600 994 100 75 5 3,000 4,979 10 300 210 2,769 5 5,671 5 1 3,775 8 6 2,011 11 7 2,199 9 1 4,000 13 6 636 4 11 1,125 125,000 4,832 3 7 31,668 10 7 i:260,042 10 INDEX, 55 STATEMENT OF THE CITY DEBT, On the 15th February, 1848. £ s. d Corporation Bonds issued to that date, . 125,621 12 10 St. Ann's Market Bonds, . . 15,584 18 6 Unsettled Claims against the differ- ent Departments, 5,645 12 146,852 3 4 8,410 9 New Bonds issued from 15th February, 1848, to the 31st January, 1850, . . 1851. je s. d. 155,262 4 1 Jan. 31. — Corporation Bonds in circulation, 118,202 14 6 St. Ann's Market Bonds, 15,584 18 6 Claims unpaid, . . . 1,254 7 10 135,042 10 Paid on account of the Debt, from 15th February, 1848, to 31 st January, 1851, Say on Bonds .... 15,828 19 1 On Old Claims, , . . 4,391 4 2 20,220 3 3 20,220 3 3 }42 10 N. B. — Corporation Debentures to the amount of £125,000 have been issued as a Loan to the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad Company, to enable that Association to complete the Railroad from this City to the Province Line. Preferential Railroad Stock to the same amount, (£125,000) has been transferred by the Company to the Corporation, as security for the said Loan, and £25,000 addi> tional, of Preferential Stock has also been transferred by the Com- pany, as a further guarantee against any possible loss on the Stock first transferred, should it be necessary to dispose of the same, for the payment of the Corporation Debentures. Edouaro Demers, City Treaturer. CiTT Hall, Montreal, Slst January, 1851. i hr \M 56 IND^X. FARES FOR CABS AND CALECHES. For tiie conveyance of one or two persons from any one place to any other within the city limits and returning, (pro- s. d. vided the time occupied do not exceed half an hour.) . 10 For every person over that number, 5d. extra. If the time exceed half an hour, — For the first hour (40 cents.) ..20 For each subsequent hour .... (30 cents.) . . 1 (i and pro rata for intermediate quarters of an hour From the Longueuil Ferry to the Montreal and Lachine Railroad Station, Bonavcnture Street. — For one or two persons only .... (25 cents.) ..13 For three or more (37^ cents.) , . 1 lOJ In every description of vehicle each passenger is allowed a reason' able weigiit of luggage, /r£C of charge. N.E. — Every driver of a Cab is required to have the number of the vehicle, the name of the owner, and the tariff of rates, printed in legible characters on a card, and fixed in a conspicuoui place therein. s. ice ro- s. d. • 10 « 2 • 1 u r kine * 1 3 • • 1 lOJ da reason- number of printed in ICC therein. INDEX. POPULATION OF MONTREAL, 1852. ■ Total population, 57,715 Natives of Canada, French orii^-i;i, . . . 2G020 Do. other origins, . . . 12194 of Ireland, 1173(3 of Scotland, 3150 of England, 2858 of United States, {»i9 of France, 133 of other countries, 405 57,715 Males," 27734 Females, 29981 57,715 Married, 18514 Not Married, 36072 Widoners, 8G0 Widows' 22G7 57,715 Attending School, Males, 425(j Females, 3203 7459 Births in 1851, Males, . . . 1114 Females, . . 948 2062 Deaths in 1851, Males, . . . 90a Females, . . . 820 1725 E.xcess of Births, .... 337 Houses occupied, Stone, . 1674 Brick, . . 9S5 Frame, .4351 Vacant, . 156 Building, . 78 7244 Total population in 1851, 57715 in 1849, 48207 Increase, . . 9508 1:I '■'i i Ir' INDEX. 57 x/x m u^ m u^ xji S p ^ B la p. r r* CO p ^ s! 5- 5 * s r» re > 3 3 re 3 re W p Ul \« n re 3 tf re p 3 re en b to Oi >— » M tr o to w K) 63 rP' «;■ 00 >-* h^ 1^^ w o» o as CO CO •>-l 4:*. M 00 -I OS C5 o 05 •-' t3 »— » Occupied. Vacant. cc w 00 Ci CO o o C5 CO CO cc CO ha CO 00 i hS 1 "^ 00 w o s -4 H- CO OS CO ^4 CO 00 CO OJ o< O 00 b:- 00 I—' hy _oo_ __^- 1— > h— CO »;^ 4^ C35 CO -J CO CO CO 4-> C5 O' o 4-_ CO Oi o CO --{ 4- CO CO -4 02 4^ o to CO CO CO CO 00 C5 I— I CJ« Males. Total. 00 ^1 o I— » CO to O CO 00 CO CO en o OJ Oi >o Oi CJi o JO CO CO CO N3 00 4-. o o CO 00 Ox 00 00 England. Scotland. Ireland. o n Females. o Q > H M o to 1— « (•-i Ot 4^ to to k—t to Canada, CO o CO 1— » CO 05 CO CO 00 cc o o (French). o o ►— * CO CO 4- CO o 1— » 1— • to 1—* to 1-^ Canada, -4 00 o 05 CO 03 ^. 00 00 o 4^ (British). CJt 1— » 4^ Oi h-* o ■^ -^ CO 1— > *!. CO 1— t o o.-) 1— » German. ■'t ** 00 4^ CO CO o CO 05 CO to to CO 1— ' CO 1— t 00 4^ 00 United States. 05 05 4^^ to 00 to ^ ■^ a> 4^^ 05 c;i CO CO to to other Countries. > H w O o H o :^ o o H 50 W > 00 4^ CO H I i ; !• ■M I ,";i • HIGH SCHOOLJ^F MONTREAL. Incorporated by Act of Parliament , 8 Victoriu, Cap. 104. DIRECTORS. The Honble. James Ferrier. B. H. Lemoine, Esq. Dr. Crawford, J. J. Day, Esq. D. Davidson, Esq. Dr. G. VV. Campbell. His Honor Judge McCord. Robert Mackay, Esq. Hew Hamsay, Esq. Dr. McCulloch. Wm. Lunn, Esq. David Torrance, Esq. John Young, Esq. C. Dunkin. David Davidson, Esq., Treasurer. Hew Ramsay, Esq., Honorary Secretary. Rector — H. Aspinwall Howe, Esq., of Trinity College, Dublin. Second Master — T. A. Gibson, M. A. Wriling and Arithmetic— Mr. Rodger. Writing. — French— M. Montier, Lecturer at M-Giil College. Preparatory — Rev. Mr. Hutchinson. The Course of study at this school is arranged mainly with the view of drawing out and strengthening in an equal degree all the mental facuUies of the Pupil. Any system, which instead of being general, cultivates some one faculty to the neglect of others, must be imperfect. It is, indeed, desirable that at some period in a youth's education a preponderance should be given to that subject of study, which bears more directly upon his future profession ; but it will be time enough to do this when he has reached the age of fourteen or fifteen. Up to this age it is considered that all boys should be instructed alike. The Classics form the basis of education at the High School, so far as Language is concerned. A knowledge of these, is one of the requirements of what is called a liberal education. The great and numerous advantages which result from the study of the Classic* cannot well be entered upon here. Nothing but a better substitute can compensate for the neglect of them, and one has not yet been found. Latin and Greek are not, however, as is too often the case, made an altar upon which other important studies are to be sacrificed. It if at least as necessary to improve the powers of Reason and Thought, li as to cultivate that by which thought is to be expressed. Mathema-. tics, therefore, in the compiehensive meaning of the term, have their due place in the system pursued at the High School. The subjects of History and Geography also occupy some portion of the Pupil's time. The great object in view being the general de- relopement of the mind, whatever conduces to this important end, has its appropriate place. In the Religious Instruction given at the High School there is nothing of a sectarian character; but the fundamental truths of re- ligion and of morality haye due prominence given to them. Parti- cular care is taken to encourage open, generous, and gentleman-like feeling and behaviour amongst the boys, not only towards the mas- ters of the School, but in ih(.i': intercourse with each other. PREPARATORY SCHOOL. The slow progress often ma 'e by b' ys in tho Upper Classes of a Public School is constantly the result of a cai .'ess groundwork at inferior Preparatory Schools. The Masters A the High School are therefore solicitous that Parents v!;. intend to ho-i their boys educated at this school shall enter tl 2m in the Preparatory Class as soon as they can read with tolerable fluency. This class receivei, a large share of the Rector's attention, ?\nd the hours of study have been so arranged for it, that the little boys do not during any part of the day, come in the way of the older Pupils of the Higher Forms. FEES. Preparatory School, £5 per annum. The Three Lower Classes of the Upper School 8 « The Two Higher 10 « These fees will, in all tuses, be payable quarterly in advance. In order (o render the expense as light as possible, it has been re- solved to publish, in a cheap and canvenient form, several of the works necessnr} tor the Course, and in the selection of others, cheapness will be studied as far as may be compatible with excel- lence. The Rector and other Masters receive boys to board with them, so that Parents living at a distance from Montreal, may thus avail themselves of thu advantages which the course of education at the High School oilers. :l^!' ll-l rii' ! I f ARMOUR & RAMSAY, (5/. Frangois Xavier Street, Montreal^) Wholesale Booksellers and Stationers, Have always on hand an ample stock of British and Foreign Papers of all kinds and qualities, of Account Books and Miscellane- t)us Stationery, also of the best Editions of School Books used in the Colleges, High Schools, and District Sohools throughout the province, particularly those published by Messrs. Oliver St Boyd, of Edinburgh, and Messrs. Whittaker & Co. of London. A. & R. publish by permission of the Board of National Education, THE NATIONAL SCHOOL BOOKS, Consisting of the following Ldmirable series : — General Lesson, to be hung up in Schools. ABC p/nd Figures to be hung up in Schools. First Book of Lessons. J5ccond Book of Lessons. Sequel to (he Second Book. Third Book of Lessons. Fourth Book of Lessons. Fifth Book of Lessons. The Spelling Book Superseded. Truth of Christianity. First Book of Arithmetic and Key. English Grammar and Key. Book-keeping and Key. Treatise on Mensuration. Appendix to Mensuration, for the use of Teachers. Elements of Geometry. Introduction to Geography and History, with Maps, Plates, &c., new edition, much im- proved. A. & R. publish a variety of other Standard School Books, among which may be enumerated the following : — The Canadian Primer, by Peter Catechismof History of England. Do. Geography. Do. Bible and Gospel History. Blair^s Mother's First Catechism. Do. do. Second do. The Child's Own Prayer Book, do. Large Grammar. I Walkingame's Arithmetic, do. Small Grammar. Walker's Dictionary, reduced in Parley. Manson's Primer. Mayor's Spelling Book. Carpenter's b'pclling Book. Webster's SpelUng Book. Murray's English Header. Do. Do. The Shorter Catechism. Do. do. with Proofs. Catechism of Universal History. price. Ewing's Canadian School Geo- graphy. The Stock of Bibles, Prayer and P^alm Books, is large, and prices will be found low. Printing and Book-binding, in all their Branches, executed tvitlt despatch. Orders for Books, Maps, Engravings, &c., from Britain and tho Continent of Europe fuUilled on reasonable terms. d Foreign liscellane- ks used in jghout the k. Boyd, of A. Sc K. S, ic and Key. Key. f' on. ion, for the raphy and ps, Plates, much im- >ks, among )f England. hy. nd Gospel y- Catechism, nd do. yer Book, letic. reduced in chool Geo- ; largCy and scuted ivitli ain and tbe