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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. errata to peiure, in d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 FURTHER INFORMATION UESl'ECTINU TIT E Ar>()ll KLINES; (.'ON I AIMVC REPORTS 01' THE COMMITTEE 0\ INDIAN VFEAIHS AT PHILADELPHIA, EXTRACTS FJIOM THE rilOCEEDINGS OF THE YEARLY MEETINGS OF FIIILADELrillA, NEW YORK, NEW EXGLAND, MARYLANJ3 VIRGLXIA, AND OHIO. TO(,|-.TlIER WITH SOME PAliTK Ll.vns IM" LATl VL TO THE NATIVES Oi<' NEW ZEALAND, NE^^■ HOLLAND, AND VAN DIEMANS I,AND. I I l:r.l>in.li 1,^ UlUEiTIDN ()|- THK A J} R I (i ] N E S' (J M M I T T E E Ul srtie metting for ^iutnin00» LONDON: EDAVAlil) MARSH, SJ, HOI NDSDITCJL [Truclh, I'clativo to tin.' Aboii^niics, N'o. bi.] r Fl i irr ITER INFORM AT ION HKSPECTTNG T PI E A B O R I G T N E S. The Aborigines' Committee of the Meeting for Suf- ferino-s continue to have their attention directed to the important concerns committed to their care. Since the publication of the pamphlet last issued by the society on this subject, important information has been received through various channels respecting the Aborigines in the British Colonies, and other parts of the globe ; and as it is believed that much of this pos- sesses a character that will also prove interesting to Friends generally, and that it may tend to keep their minds alive to the importance of this subject, and contribute to promote their interest and more ex- tensive co-operation in it, the Committee are induced to publish the following pages. The communications which the Committee have from time to time received, in reference to the Aborigi- nal inhabitants of those distant parts where they have happened to come in contact with the white settlers B and traders, and the details wliieli those communica- tions furnish of tlic ag^Tavated sulferings and oppres- sions inflicted on the uncivilized portions of the great human family, by the cupidity and avarice of merely nominal Christians, are indeed alVecting, and the Com- mittee would express a strong desire that the mem- bers of our religious society may be concerned care- fully to guard against being, either directly or indi- rectly, implicated in these things ; and that, both in their individual and their collective capacity, they may be fully alive to the enormity of this 3vil, and avail themselves of such opportunities as may arise for pleading on behalf of the just rights of these deeply- injured people, or for promoting an amelioration of their condition. Friends who receive information, bearing on the situation and condition of the native population in our colonies and elsewhere, would, wo believe, be pro- moting the objects entrusted to this Committee, by transmitting such intelligence to it. A new edition of 3000 copies of the Address to Emigrants to newly-settled colonies, is now in the press. The distribution of this address to individuals who may be ^about to emigrate is very desirable. Copies may be had on application to Edward Marsh, 84, lioundsditch. NORTH AMERICA. The interesting tribes of the native Indian population, in- luibiting the vast territory of the North American continent, still continue to claim the sympathy and regard of Friends, both in that countrv and in this. 3 ^^y the lollowing extracts iVoin I'lpistlcs rccoivcd at our last Yearly Mcctinjj^, from sonic of tlio ^'carly greetings of l"'riciKls in America, ami llie Jleports of tlio Committee on Indian affairs at Piiiladeljjiiia, wo are stratified to observe that llicir attention towards the amelioration of tlie condition of the Indian races continues undiminisiiod. Exli-actftom (ho Hp/sl/c c/ (he Ycarlij Mcclin;i of Xcw York, 1811. Tlio concern of tliis mooting rolativo to tlio Indian tiibos, located west of flie Mississippi, lias fe('lini,dy occupied its attention, and liopes avo enter- tained that some way will open to render tlieni essential service ; but as yet, however, our efforts have been confintnl to preparatory measures. Tlio Committee charged with this very interesting subject, were encouraged to continue their exertions to promote the benevolent object in view. Extract fromihc Epistle of fhc Ycar/i/Jhcfiiir/ of SewE)i(j/aiu/,]Si\. We still continue to extond a caro towards the Aborigines of our coun- try, and especially to the Penobscot tribe of Indians; and led that this interesting and injured portion of the human family have strong claims upon our benevolent and Christian feelings. Extract from the Epistle of the Yearly MceHinj of Maryland, 1811, Our establishment among the Rhawnese tribe of Indians, now west of the INIississippi, continues to afford their children an op})ortunity for ac- quiring such an education as is best adajited to their wants. About thirty-six youths of both sexes have been in the school dur ■; .ho present year. The males are also instructed in agriculture, and the fenr. ies in housewifery. A i-cligious meeting is kept up, wliich the children attend, and frerpiently a few of the Indians of the settlement. Care is taken to read the Holy Scriptures in the school. Our Superintendent is of the opinion that if our buildings were enlarged, and means adequate, the num- ber of scholars would be very soon increased to one hundred. Extract from the Epistle of the Yearly Meetiny (f Viryinia, 1841. Our Meeting for Sufferings continues its care and assistance to such of the descendants of African and Indian races as arc illegally held in liondagc. By information received from an attorney, Avhom they have long retained in their servicf ilia Yc.arhj Mccthuj of Ohio, 1841. The areoiint lately recei\e(l from our pstahlishment west of the Missis- sip])! is (Micoura;,'inf(. The school there ofni)wards of thirty Indian children, is jirof^n-essiiig satisfactorily. Tiie hoys being instructed in husbandry, as Avell as letters ; and the girls emjiloyed in domestic services, whilst gaining literary knowledge. A portion of Scripture is daily read, a meeting held, and we hope the Christian instruction of yoimg and old will continue to engage the close attention of our friends, who are placed among them as superintendents and teachers. Extrncl f'rovi llic K phi If of tlie Ycarhj Jleefimj of Philadelphia, 1841. Our Committee for Lhe gradual civilization and improvement of the Indian natives, eonlrinue to give attention to this interesting concern ; and, although many difliculties annate to give their case a n-lu-arinijr, or hy an apj)i"al to the Suj)reine Court of tlH> l.'nited .States, Snuill as the hope aHord(!d l»y those sources nuiy appear to a disintercstwd observer, they aro buoyed up by it, and seem us unwillinfif as over to look towaj'd roltjupiishin/jj their present homes. In a communication addressed to tho Committee, dated, Tuncsassah, 5 mo. :2 4tli, IMIO, signed by ten chiefs, they say :-" Although tho information of the ratification of tho treaty is distressing to us, yet it is a satisfaction to hear from you, ami to le.iru that you still n-member us in our troubles, and are disposed to advise and assist us. The intelligence of the confirmation of the treaty causeil m;iuy of our wumeu to slunl tears of sorrow. AVe aro sensible that we stand in need of the advice of our friends. Our minds are umdtered on the subject of emigration." Aimther, dated Cold Spring^, 12th mo. (ith, 1}{4(), holds this language: — " lirothers, wc continue to feel relative to the treaty as we have ever felt. We cannot regard it as an act of our nation, or hold it to be binding on us. We still consider that in jus- tice the land is at this time as much our own as ever it was. We have done nothing to forfeit oui- right to it ; and have come to a conclusion to remain upon it as long as avo can tMijoy it in peace. We trust in tho Great Spirit : to Ilim wo submit our cause." A letter from the Senecas, residing at Tonawauda, was addressed to the Conunittee, from which the following extracts are taken : — " iJy the help of the Great Spirit Me have met in open council tiiis 2;>d day of the 5tli month, 1}{40, for th(> purpose of deliberating on the right courso for us to pursue under the late act of the government of the United States itdating to our lands. Brothers, wo are in trouljle ; we have been told that the president has ratified a treaty bj- which these lands are sold from our pos- session. We look to you and solicit your advice and your symi)athy, under the accumulating difficulties that now surround us. AVe feel uioro than over our need of tho help of the gn.'at and good Spiiit to guide us aright. May his council ever preserve and direct us all in true wisdom. " It is known to you, brothers, that at dilTerent times our peopU- hav(> been induced to cede, by stiiiulated treaties, to the government of tho United States, various tracts of our territory, mitil it is so reduced that it barely affords us a hom{\ Wo had hoped by these liberal concessions to secure the quiet and unmolested possession of this small residue, but we have abundant reason to fear that we have been mistaken. The agent ami sur- veyor of a company of land speculators, known as the Ogden Company, t> hu\c lipcn on lii'if to lay out our laiul intu lotH, to l»o sold from us to the wliilcs. Wcliiivc piotcsti'il ;i|,Miii>-t it,;iiitl have luiljiiUli-ii their iirocccdiii!,'. " IJrotlu'rs, wliat we want is tliat you should iiiti-rct'di; with the L'liited States govi'rniiieut on our liciialf. \Vo do not want to leave our lands. We arc williii;,^ tliat the eini^jrating party bhould sell out their rights, but •we are not willing that they should sell ours. "r.rolhers, we want the rresident of the United States to know that wo are for i)e;U'o; that we only asli the possession of t)ur just rights. Wo ]iav(> kept '.a good faith (ill our agreements with tho government. In our innocence of any violation, wi^ ask its protection ; in our weak- ness wo loolc to it Jbr justice and mercy. Wc desire to live upon our lamls in peaee ans|)oct.s. Hy direction of tho Committee, THOMAS WJSTAH, Clerk. rhilade/jjliia, 4th mouth, iTt/A, \M\, Ext racf from the Epistle, of the Yearly Meet iihj of Philadelphia, 1R42, The Report of our Committeo for tlie giadual civilization and improve- inent of tho Indian natives, a copy of which we lierewith send you, will inform you of tiio present state of that interesting,' concern. INDIAN REPORT. Report of the Commit lee of the Yearlij Mectimj of Friends held in Philadelphia, appointed for the gradual Cirilization, S^c, of the Indian Natives, presented to the Meetinj held from the ISth to the 2'2nd of the 4lh month, 18A2. TO THE YEARl.T MEETIKO. Tlie Committee for tho gradual Civilization rind Improvement of the Indian Natives, report, that duriu!^' the past year tliey have given such at- tention to this interesting,' concern, as it appeared to recpiire; and they have the satisfaction to l»elieve that the labour and care of Friends continues to bo acceptable and nseful to these deeply injured people. Soon after the last Yearly Meotini,' two of our number made avisit toAYash- ington, had interviews with the President of tho United States, and the Se- cretary of War, and endeavoured to give them correct information, as l< the unjust means by which the treaty with the Seneca Indians had been pro- cured, as well as to inculcate feelings of sympathy toward that people. Our friends were kindly received, and o.ssurances given them that tho treaty, and the circumstances attending its procurement, should be closely scru- tinized, and such measures pursued, in relation to it, as justice and humanity would dictate. Soon after this, the Secretary of War retired from office ; and no opportunity has yet been had with his successor. By information recently received from one of the senators at Washington, it appears that no measures have yet been taken by the government to carry tho treaty into effect, and tho hope is entertained that some means may yet be de- vised to avert the oppression and injustice which would arise from its execution. The farm and other concerns at Tunesassah, continued under tho care of our friends Joseph iintl Rebecca Batty, until the loth montli last ; when they were released at their own suggestion, and our friend I{c»l)ert Scottin, believing it might be riglit for him to spend some further time in promoting the welfare of the natives, and having the a])probatiou of the C'onnnittee, as well ab that of his friends at home, tookciiarge of the property at the set- tlement; and, w(> believe, is usefully employed there. ^lany of ilm Indians continue to pursue tiieir agricultural busincs- \.itli considerable industry and judgment, and procure a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families from the products of the soil. There has been a manifest improvement of late years in the character of their tlwellings, many of them having erected good frame-houses, well finished, witli glass windows and jjainielcd doors, and some of them painted white, presenting a very neat and respectable aj)i)earanee ; and there is reason to believe that this would become more general, if it were not for the fear wliich possesses many of tit r minds, lest, after liaving expended their time and labour for these objects, they should soon be driven away, and con)pelled to surrendei- to others the enjoyments of the fruits of their industry. The su.ne feeling operates as a discouragement to improving their lands ; and it is obvious, that their present unsettled state retards both their moral and social im- pi'ovemeiit. They have recently manifested increased interest on tlu^ subject of edu- cation, l)eiiig desirous of having their children instructed, and also of jiro- moting temperance and sobriety among their nation ; and have used con- siderable efforts to accomplish these ends. In the autumn of last year two of our number made a visit to the settle- ment at Tunesassah, aiul held a council Avitli the natives, in which a letter from the Committee was read to them, and sonu> other advice imparted. Blacksnakc, an aged chief, in rejilying, exi)ressed their thankfulness ibr the kindness and care of Friends. lie said, the counsel given them had sunk into their hearts ; thiit it was a long time since Friends first came forward and helped thelndip.ns ; and that often, since then, they had stood by them, and befriendod them in the time of their extremity. That the chiefs were very desirous to promote industrious and sober habits among the people ; and that care was now being taken for that purpose, and to induce them to desist from the use of ardent spirits ; and many of the iieoplo had taken the advice given them, but others were still intemperate. Another chief said, that they were engaged in building a school-house, which they had hoped to finish that fall ; but the labour having principally devolved on a few, and they being otherwise very much engaged, it was doubtful. It was stated by another, that the opposition to education had now very much subsided, and many of the people -wero very desirous to have a Quaker teacher to instruct their children for a time ; after which it might be done i)y their own people. They all evinced much satisfaction at tlio prospect of having their oM frioid, Hobert Scotlen, to resi fruits of it appear in the conduct of the Indians, especially about the village of Cold Spring." In contemphiting the dilliculties whicli seem to be accumulating around these poor people, and the encroachments of the white population upon their soil, and upon their rights, and how little their sorrows and sufferings appear to awaken the commiseration, or call forth the aid of many who have the ])0\ver to relieve them, we feel tluit their situation demands the continued care of Frieiuls, and that they have strong claims ujion our sym- pathy, as children of tlie one universal Parent. l>y an examination of the account of our treasurer, it appears that he has re- ceived for interest, &e. the sum of ■S222'Jjj^, and has paid >2f)G -|", leaving a balance of cash on hand of ,51942 i,^,^, beside which there are bonds and mortgages in his possession, and drawing interest, amounting to vr«''>!iOO. Signed, on behalf, and by direction of the Committee, Pliiladelphia, 4th mo. 1 4th, 1842. THOMAS EVANS, Clekk. 10 Other ])articnlars, of an agreeable nature, relating to the Indians in the United States, have reached us througli tlie medium of a letter from our friend Stephen Grellett, of Burlington, New Jersey, to William Allen ; in which he states, that John Meader, of New England, a minister in our society, is gone on a religious visit to the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi ; and that the American goverimient had evinced a disposition to promote the pros- pects of John Meader, by furnishing him, at Washington, with documents addressed to the Indians and public functionaries resident among them, connnending him, and the objects of his visit, in strong terms, to their notice. John D. Long and Samuel Taylor, jun., both Friends in the station of ministers, have, we are also informed, under a sense of religious duty, oilered their services to promote the concerns of the Yearly Meeting of Friends of New England, and by a visit to the Indians located in the territory west of the Mississippi, and to those situated in the north, thoroughly to investigate the situation of the various tribes in those parts ; in order to ascertain the course it may be most desirable for that Yearly ^Meeting to pursue, most availingly to render them assistance. We un- derstand that these two friends intended to (;nter upon their arduous engagement in the 8th month last. The following documents are those which the American government furnished to our friend John Meader. To the SupcrhUendcnti vf Iiidiau affairs, the Agents, Sub-Agents, and other Officers coimccted xvith the administration of Indian affairs, Civil and Military. The bearer hereof, John INIoadei', an approved minister of the orthodox Society of Friends, proposes to pay a visit to the different Indian tril)es to the west and soutli-west. He is pronipti'd to tliis luuUrtaking hy a sense of religious obligation and a strong desire to extend the knowledge of Chris- tian principles and duty among these wards of government ; and in inti- mate connexion therewith to advance their acquaintance with sound moi-als ; to urge upon them the necessity of their engaging in agricultural pursuits, the adoption of the manners and habits of civilized life; and, as indispensable to success in any, or all of these steps in improvement — the observance of strict temperance. n This Friend is liiglily commended. He will require the countenance and protection of the dillcrent officers of the department, .-md facilities for hig intorcoiirso with the several tribes he may visit. You will please to receive him kindly, and to aftbrd him every reasonable opportunity of addressing and conferring with the objects of his pliilanthropic exertions. ^ It is the desire of tho depart-nent that ho shall have all the protection, aid, and facility to extend hisbenovolcnt purposes that you can respectively furnish Iiim, and with that view ho is commended in the strongest terms to your notice. Signed, T. HARTLEY CRAWFORD, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. JOHN C. SPENX'CR, Secretary of War. W(f^ri;„i/ton, ^[(ly vmh, iui-j. ADDRESS TO THE INDIANS. Friends and BROTHEiig, John .Aleadcr, a minister of tlio society known by the name of Q.iaker5<, goes among you on an errand of love and mercy. He has under- taken a long and toilsome journey, because ho believes tlie Great Spii-it will Ijo pleased, if lie can succeed in persuading you to look to the Cod who made tlie red man, as m-oU as the white. Witliout this dependence no people can be ha])py or prosperous. The history of the world proves, tliat the nation which foi'gets religious .luty soon loses sight of all other obligations, and withers and falls into misfor- tune. Ho intends to talk with you also about dealing justly with each other, paying wjiat you owe; and will show you that you ought not to injure or talv-e each other's property, or that of tho white man; that you should plough and hoe your land, and plant or sow seed in it ; build houses, and live like wliite men. The great evil and destroyer of the human race is whiskey. You cannot prosper in any undertaking without refusing to taste, touch, or handle this unclean tiling. Your white brethren arc so well convinced of this truth, i^nt a great change has come over them in this respect. It is considered among them to bo unmanly and disgraceful to use fire-waters ; and they have fbnned societies to encourage each other in the observance of temperate habits and sober lives. If this good man talks to you on this important subject, listen to him, 12 follow Ills advice, and you will soon discern how just and true it is, that to have comfortable houses, good farms, obedient children, and happiness at your firesides, it is necessary to be sober. Signed, T. HARTLEY CRAWFORD, Commissioner of Indian Aft'airs. JOHN C. SrENCER, Secretary of War. May \:Uh, 1«42. Exiracl of a Lei Icr from Pcnnsyhxiiiia, dalcd 8 mo. lo, 1842. Our Indian concern remains nixu-h as when I last wrote : the new bar- gain is about to be carried into operation. The Indians are to give up Bufl'alo and Tonawanda reservations, by far ilie most valuable, and to be allowed to retain Cattaraugus and Alleghany. It is a hard case, a most unjust measure altogether. I fear that as soon as the holders of the pre- emption right sell out what they thus get, they will i-enew their claims for the rest : in fact they 'ieclare as much. Extract of a Letter from New York, dated S mo. 31, 1842. Those devoted Friends, John D. Long and Samuel Taylor, jun. passed tliroiigh our city last second day, on their way to the Indian country. They intend to be present at Ohio Yearly jMeeting ; then to proceed on to those tribes situated at the north, not far, probably, from the British boundaries; then travel south as far as Red River, on the borders of Texas. They ex- pect to be absent from four to six months. They are in good health, and seem wholly given up to this important and arduous labour of love. The government have encouraged them by handing suitable documents to show to military posts on their way, if they should need any help of this kind by guides, &c. through the wilds of America. Extract of a Letter fom a Friend of Philadelphia, dated the 18//t of the 8th month, 1842. Our friend Christopher Ilealey is now on a visit to the Indians in INli- cliigau, and some of the other western states. An account from him states, that on reaching a settlement in ]\[ichigan, he felt deeply tried in mind, and he was almost ready to doubt whether he had not mistaken his duty in coming ; but hearing of an aged Indian woman, >vliom he visited some years previous, at a settlement called Brotherstown, he went to see her. She renuvrked. that it seemed like presumption for a poor woman, in like her, to spe.ik ; but slio beliovod it right to say, tliat she folt it a great ftivoxir that her dear aged brother was sent to visit thorn again ; that what ho Jiad said, wlion amongst them before, was the everlasting gospel. It had brought conviction to her mind, wliicli had ever since remained sealed there: they were truths wliicli would do to live by, and die by. She hoped his labours would bo blessed to their young people. She believed his day's work (as well as her own) was nearly finished, and she hoped his mantle would fall on the young men w ho wore with him, as the mantle of Elijah fell on Elisha, with much more to the same import. IIo remarked, every doubt of the propriety of the journey was removed. She has meetings held regularly at lier house on first and fifth-day nu)inings since his first visit. J[ow consoling to see his labours of love so blesiiol to these poor perse- cuted children of the forest ' Some interesting imuimalion relating to the tribe of the Cherokee Indians will be found in the following extract from a letter from Thomas Kimbcr. This powerful and intelligent portion of the native Indian population of the United States, by the policy of General Jackson, have been forced from the land of their forefathers to a strange and unknown country, far remote in the west; in their transmission to which it is said that no less than seven hundred have ])evished. It is with feel- ings of much regret that tiie Committee have heard, that although the Clierokees have submitted to the um-ighteous mandate of the Federal Govennncnt, by removing from their native soil, in oi)position to their unalterable attachment to it, by which many millions of acres of land have been added to the territories conceded by the Indians, military posts are ])roposed to be established, which are likely to lead to the in- troduction of white settlers to the territory which the Indians at })resent occupy, and which they were given to understand, by the advocates for their removal, would be their lasting and final location. Extract of a Letter from Thomas Kimher to Isaac Collins, dated Philadelphia, '22nd ofSth month, 1842. I have just had a very interesting interview with Jesse Btisheyhead, a half-blood Cherokee, very intelligent and well educated, one of the deputa- tion recently sent to Washington, to urge the cla'im of that injured tribe to further indemnity for the losses sustained by their expulsion from Georgia. I i 14 I Avas much gratified with liis description of their present condition and prospects. He says they have adopted, in open council, a reguhar and very good constitution, guaranteeing to them a ropuhlican form of government, and trial hy jury, and enjoining, as a requisite for public office, a hclicf in one God, and in a future state of rewards and punishments. They elect, by hallot, a president and vice-president ; or, as they call tliom, a principal and second chi(!f, who hold their office for a term of four years; also a legis- lative council and committee, or an upper and a lower house, for a term of two years each. They number about 20,000 souls. They have sevei-al churches, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Lutheran ; First-day schools ; temperance laws, prohibiting the introduction and s;Je of ardent spirits, which, however, are still foiced upon them, or clandestinely introduced by the whites, resident at and near the forts which our government persist in m.aintaining on their confines, notwithstanding their earnest entreaties to have them removed. They have almost Avholly abandoned the chase, and depend for support on agiiculturo and the mechanic arts, which they are cultivating with energy and success. Steam-boats run on the Arkansas river, through their settlement to New Orleans, which is their principal mar- ket for their produce. They have generally assumed our costume, and adopted the English language in all their official and public proceed- ings, and teach it principally in their schools. Their lands, which are of good quality, are held in severalty, and may bo conveyed by deed, or inhe- rited by their legal heirs, but cannot be sold to strangers ; this is the only restriction to the entire control of them. Their territory is bounded by that of tho Choctaws, containing a population of about 12,000. and that of the Creeks, containing about 20,000 ; both of which tribes are also making rapid advances in civilization. And Jesse admitted freely, that many of the Cherokees were agreeably disappointed in regard to tho advantages of their present location; and that the injustice and oppression that had been inflicted on them by the American Government, might bo so overruled as ultimately to promote their best interests. Although, in past years, some arrangements were made for the admission of Indian delegates, as representatives of their tribes in Congress, yet this desirable object seems to have been frustrated, and it docs not appear that any steps have latterly been tal