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'■^ '■ ■•' <.> L. ,'•/, .■"jk***-«t. ■■V- \. «.»!«. ;(!.> . ^v' m-'A >» 'isr' J** j'^ J- ^ \ 1 ^L 3mot*^ \ \3t^ •/ H ».a ; ^\ _ _\ ^p* / 1 ^ mm % 1 "br .i^ .V ^»!' kS- .. ir'«s,- •^«'_, .t.KZ'* V ? lit 4^ Mg^C r^ uox ^ ^ 1 « |v^ «rJpR tf^ X;i 'c^\ »?• J## iC^ .^ J*^:.^:..... • ^#^ BSilkHiiiiMi ^^;y.;4*» M*t '"■'m , TheBriri AMERICA* Containing Y of the ment, Progrefs and prefent State ofall the ON THE Continent and Iflands m'^Americd. In Two VOLUMES. The HISTORY of the Difcovcry, Settle- ifa Being an Account of the Country, Soil, CU mate, Frodud and Trade of them. Viz, Vol. I. Newfoundland^ NeW'S'M^dy, NeW' E!it£l^dy New^Ybrk^ > TenfylvanUy Maryland^ Vtrginia^ Carolina, and Hudfens-Bav Bfirhadps, St.ysncenis;"' Dominico, Montferrat, Nevis, StK Ckrifiopbers, Barhuda, Anguiila, ynfnaica. The Buhamay^^ and pf Bermudas ^ A^tego, With curious Maps of the fereral Places^ done from the neweft Surveys. By Herman Moll, Gedgnipher, « ' ' ■ . ' , ' ' y ^. ■ " ' LOUDON, frinted fot Jofm Nicbolfon at the King^lrms in Little BritaiUf Beuiamin Tooke at the Middlt-prnpUGaiL FUetftreet, And Riebard Parker and Ratfb Smid under Mi Piazza of the Royal Excbafige, Vfj^ F=7 I^v ■ix. .A t v^ - n P '%j»V'Sr »t*.' .fl. ■if-/ liW ^ . 1 ■ i .,'' i'' ->-V ^illjfev • «•»• ♦ 7ti " *, • * ;j:-'i»'. « #•••« .•■' •^S'J, '«, »*■• ' .♦.V i» !^^: ■••..•■■/ "•• * .•1- • •■•«- '^ .V, '^ »* • V ,••».••■ '■K, »♦ »1 11;/ ^«»V KjVii^f ■w*ifr): ;:^& m'-^t:htir^' J >• vi-.j ^ / NfVlhi i«-Ml llL. iMbXi 1), -t? :'»-:.^r '--^ l^ nil J ■ydwif'jiiA-ti^ V » -T t nU^Mtil -iV .!?• it It -„:? rf^ .k: . .1 Othing had been more prepofterous; than to have addrefsM die lti(tory of the Brf>i/b Wefi'lndks to 2l (jcntl6- «... ^ man who has no Intereft there. Such d one' Would hai^e look'd upon this De^ with that €oiiioii^U>r Negled which is ever idm Sffisa of ^^gifi^B^^ -%kf^i ^^ who aiefo confiderable xPro« pricioi^i biNll' in England and Barbados, are the beft Ju^e how far this Treacife may be - '» A » . ttfe- 36038 « iir The DEDICATION. ufeful and entertaining to the EniUfi deader in tliis Uand and that. Your Authority will bo Jufl&cientJto pmte&it, as well iflL^flMric4 li&}fi Surppe^. ^FjQcnone in England. vnXL imsupoo I durft offer FaKities for Faft to you^ who troni your own Knowledge could eamy deted them ; and n6ne in the Plantations will be fevere in their Cenfures upon a Work which comes forth under the Patronage of one of their greateft Names. Whatever Hardfhips our American Co- Ibnies^ eljpedally>he Iflands^ |KiTe m^'^h ^t^lK>me^ ikkhing has evifer bie^n able to inaKe their Loyalty to the Cro wn of £:»^/ti-w«alth, the Glory of your Native Country, and the De- light of ours. Among the Scsindal which the Enemies of the Plantations malicioufly throw upon thern^ one is. The vulgar Defcent of the Inhabitants^ which is as ridiculous as unjuft; for if by their Prudence and Induftry they have rais'd Fortunes, that might ennoble them, if they have Senfe to acquire Eftatesi and Souls to en* joy them; is not that really, true Nob|I!ty, and rfjat which is derived fromJa long Roll of .^htaftry^ and enjoy 'd without any omer Rea- fon and Merit, falle and chimerical ? I £iy this Lwith the more Freedom to you> Sir, for that with the Advantages of Fojctune you have the Happinefs to be defcended fron^ one of the mpft ancient and honourable Families in Eni- Updf wh]«h has furnifh'd the JLaw with To many The dedication: many Ornaments^ the Courts with fo many* JudgeSj the Chancery with a Lord-Keepear^ which lately reprefented two Counties; ^ia Parliament ; and was always full of He^ roes^ and Patriots. It cannot therefore be thought^ that I have vindicated the Charaders of the Gentlemen of the Weft-Indies^ to make my Cpurt to you ; but to do Juftice to that Worth, which is always, noble in the Eyes of Men of Reafon and Modeily : And tho there is no Herald-Office, no Court of Arms in Bat" hadosy it may be faid, without Flattery or Va^ nity, there is no Trading County in England of that Extent, where there are fo many Gen?; tlemen of fo good Eftates, and fo good Famir^ lies. What other Prejudices have been rais'd by the Enemies of the Plantations againfl their Intereft and Reputation, will/tis hop'd, in the Opinion of the Impartial, be removed by the IntroduSti^ on; but the Hiftorian would not here trou-e ble you with fuch an unrealpnable Controverfy^ which rather deferves your Contempt than- Coniideration. SIR, The Parliament, of which you were aMemV l)er,hare lately done feveral things for theirEafe and Advantage ,♦ and if there were more Gen- tlemen, concerned to promote their Welfare, who woi^ld, with the fame publick Spirit, main- tain it in that Affembly^ there's no doubt, but fo juft a Body would foon redrefs all their Grie- vances, and they would again flourifti as before they were opprefs*d by the late Impofitions, which have reduc'd them to their prefent low^ ftate. Addreffes of this Nature have fo long lain under the Reproach ^f Infmcerity and Adula- A ; tion^ 1 ' ■' r ' , \ n mvEDICJTlON. ticm, that the Chara^r Of a Man of Wortk and Honour fuiFers by appearing- in this Man*. ner ;\ hat didre are certain Qualities fo coc^^ cuous in themfelyes:, fo univerfally known and admir'd^ and yet fo rarely to be met with, that when th^ are found, 'tis an Injuflice to Mankind • to pafs 'em. by in Silence : For if the felfifh Spt-» rit that prevails in Couft, City, and Countty| were without Exception, the Race, of Men would be the mofbiordid and worthlefs of thd Creation. The care and amiable Qualities we are fpeaking o^ are (iich as your Love foe your Country, your AfFedion for your FriendSj and your Humanity to all ^ your tree ufe of the Goods of Fortune, which is worthy of the Gene* rous Stpck from whenceyou fprung ; and what- ever might be added to fudi a Charader as this^ would meet with Credit for the fake of fudi Goodnefs'j but tho there may be much faid of Yours without oflending the Truth of Hi- ftory, yet I forbear, knowing it might be fu(^ peifted in this Place. I theretore conclude with defiring your Prote^on for the following Hi- ftory, and PermiJlion to fubfcribe my felt with all due Refpe^, SIR, Tour mofi HumhU^ and mofi Obedient Servant ^ J. Oldmixon. "^^ m' 'wmm' ,w" ■pM^Pi T H E PREFACE* HE Atttbor is apprebenfive tbat this Uhm dertaking will meet with nmy Cetn furesy rais'd by tbe TrejuJice of fom* Readers^ and tbe Ignorance of others : The Candid and Impartial wiU^ ^tis bofd^findfufr fieient Memoirs to entertain them witb Plea/ire^ and fitek fh$4ts attftay have been committed through Misr mformation^ they wid excufe^ when theyconfider wbM a difficult Task tbe, Hiftory of the Britifh Weib' Indtef mufi be toon Hiftqrian^ tbat never was im America. Whatever particular Account has bem^ or might be fiven of any one of our Colonies^ 'tis impo^me^ un*> Tefs Men of Interefi and Capacity would write it on the Spot, for an exail Hifiory of all the Britilh j|&mpire in ribe Weft Indies to be franfd by one Mat$ in America or Europe^ but he mujl ineyitablv b§ guilty of Errors y which will find Matter enough for the Cridqks to exercife their ill Nature ufon. It will therefore be faid^ fitch a Dijign as this Jnould be unr do^taken in the Plantations ,* and fince it is fo rea^ finable and fo ufefuly why has it not been done ? There* s none can tell better than the H^riter of this Hifiory, who mufi in Jujtice to himfilf own, that tho he believes all who look over his PVorky and kn w an my thing of the Subjeii of it, will rtitber wonder they mtet with fo much, than fo little in it ; yrt he has found his Indufiry to inform himjelf fully of aU A 4 t'a^t • , 4iS \ ic PREFACE. VaBs relating to tbeCqlomes more unfueeefifnl than be exfe&td : feofk wtre Jhy-^and either- did not think what they knew was worth Jellingy or would not b$ 4ft the Trouble to tell it. Enough wiU tajke this Charge to themfel^es, who will frefently remember how miteb they were foUicited by the Author for Memoirs^ and bow negligent they were in furnifljing himy not to give tbiir Negligence a harder Name^hvhich it wou'd very well bear, ^ ^ ',4 , *' '. ^ In coUeBing thefe Materials y when he fometimet^ met with Terfons of a communicative Temper^ be durft not depend entirely on their Sincerity, for Inters reft always prevails over it. Every Province was the befiy the moft advantagiotts, the mofi inviting ^ and if he did not give that Account ofity the Hiftwy would be worth nothing. All thefe Perfons feem'd te, take no Notice of the Hiftorical Events ; thofe they ran over as fiigbtly, as if they bad been of lefsMo^ went than they are. Some would have had them ^uite left outy and a VoXitioaX Account only given tf eur Plantations, Others ^ who were for keeping in d fewy Jlill enlarged on the Advantages of their refpC" Bive Settlements to England^ the Fruitfulnefs and Charms of the Country they livd in^ the Riches to be gotten there y and the Preference that ought to be given to each over the ether i and this the Author declares be met with in almofi all his Informations. What then had he todol Could it be expeiled that bejheuld pleafe every one ? fVould not the impartial Reader have been furpriz,*d to hat/e found Huafon'i Bay prefer*d to Carolina^ and I^rovidence to Barbados ? For the Cowparifons aire alike unequal, ^Ttt true, when the Climate and the Soil would not bear a Pa^ rallely they turn'd the Advantage on the fide of Com- wercCy and always took Care to make their ovm the mofi profitable. One who had known nothing of the Weil-India Tradc^ would have been imposd on by fucb Partiality ^ hut tho the Writer of this Hifio' ry never was out of Bricauij yet there* s no fart of that rr, tfpe-' trite. The PRE PA fiat Trade, with wbUb be bas not been aefuainte^ above twenty Tears ; and be by that mians knew if any tbing was reprefented to bim too favourably^ and when be was ever fo little in tbe dark, be took all tbe Care be could to be enligbtned. Some Gentlemen be bad tbe Happinefs to kn^^ wbo were free and impartial ^ and if tbey bad bad any Exfe^ation offucb an Hifiory, would bave made Trovifions for it wben tbey were in America. Tit Hifiorian mufi beg tbe liberty of paying bis publick Acknowledgments to feme of them, tbat tbe World may fee be does not publijh anything wbicb is not warranted by good Autboriti* To begin tberefore witb tbe Hiftory of Newfound- land. All tbe Account of its Trade and prefent C^ate, was communicated to bim by Mr, Newman^ latelf Servant to bis Grace tbe Duke pf Somerfet^ wbo dwelt there as a Merchant feverat Tears,- New-Scotland bat fo little to be faid of it, tbat be was not at much Treuhle about it: There bas bap^ fen[d nothing memorable concemini ity wbicb u not' related here ; and tbe Hiftory ff New-England. publijh*d by Mr, Cot. Mather^ fumijh^d bim with what Events be bas mention d relating to tbat Colony, That Author being an Inhabitant of New-Eng- land^ very particular and voluminous, one would bave thought bis Hifory might bavefupplfd ano^ ther with Memoirs for as many Sheets, as aU this IVork contains ^ yet there* s no confiderable ASlion eon-' eerning the Governours or Government, which is in Mr, Macher'/^ but this Hiftorian has included in bis Hifiory, leaving bis PunSj Anagrams^ Acro- Aicks. Miracles^ Prodigies^ Witches^ Speeches^ Epiflles^ and other Incumber ances, to tbe Original Author, and his Admirers ; among whom, as an Hiftorian, this Writer is not fo oappy as to be iank*d. When be wrote of New- York, be correEled tbe Miftahes which others had led him into, by better IX ^PREFACE. hfifmktm from Capt. Congreve^ who has bad d Command in the Regular Forcis there feveral Tears, Mr* Dockwra and Dr, Cox were both fo kind MsM inform bim fully cf the Jtrfsys, and Mr. Pea did him the fame favour for Penfylvsmia ; thofi tlflp Gentlemen doing him the Honour to admit him into their Friendfhif, It will befeen in the Hiftpry of Marylsilld> thalt he had not the fame Helfsfor that Province ^ but kit Authorities are goody as far as they go* The Hifiory of Virginia is written with a peat deal of Spirit and Judgment by a Gentleman of th$ frovince^ to whom this Hiftorian conftjjes he is ver ry much indebted ; but in fome Places be was fvre*d to leO^ve him, to follow other Guides ^ and whoever compares the one Hifiory with tbe other, will fe$ enough Difference to ^ give that which is now publifod the 77tle,oftiQw. Several old Writers and modem Papers fell into this Authors Hands, which that Gentleman never faw : However he had feen and knew fo much, that by his Afftjtance, the Account of Virginia is one of the mofi perfedl of thefe Hijhriet of our Plantations, For Carolina^ Mr, Archdale and Mr. Boone, tf whom Mention is made in tha Hifiory of that C0- fony, obliged him fo far, as to commnnicate fti^rat important Fails to bim, and let him into the Ri/i enUCaufes of the Differences among the People of that Province : They have alfo printed tome Tracts on tb* fame SubjeSl, which were very ufiful to bim. The Hifiory of Hudfon^ B:^y may be depended upon^ for tbe Author took it from Original Papers, he having in bis Poffejfion tbe Journal of a Ucre^ tary of the Fa&ory, the Commiffwns and Infiru^ioHM of fome of the Governours, and other Memoirs, out of all which be could gather no more, and does not believe that even by the Compmfs Books much more is to be gather d. Tbe Reader will ferceive he is not aboitt looking into a fpurious Performance, nor that as baid I Tiars, fo kind l{ thof$ mit him itf, thai ; hut bit ) 4 great n of tb€ bt is ver IS fsrt*d whoever will fe$ pMJh*4 I modern ich that ten and '.count of ^ijhriet Boone, >at Co- fejferal heRifi of that m thi fended tapers, Secret miiimt rSy 9Mt ioes net a ntoro f is not that be The PREf A©!f biipin vetitHr0mHch in grviug iWisdit t9 ^hm U reads ^ fince fhtrk is n& Difpute to he made ef tbg Ooodnefs ef fiuh Information ^ from which the H$m fiorian has deviated as feldom as. v^as eonfifieitttwith Deeeney, Thus with much Pains and Care be went over thi' Britiih Empire m the Continent, which is 14 &r I coo J^les in Lengthy from ^i&e Northern Boundt of New-Scotland^ to the Sduthem of Carolina, (ejides the TrdSt known bj^ the Naike of Hudfon'i B&y, and another bordering on the River Miffiiippi, to which the Kings of England fretendy but tbert is no Notice taken of it in this fVork^ hecaufe thert never was any Settlement there^ tho it has behs atm tempted, 'This Country lies in Florida, Southward of Ca* rolina^ and was granted by King Charles I. to the E* 0/ Arundel, which Grant fome Tears ago was af- fignd to Dr, Daniel Cox, and he is the Propriita*^ n. He gave it the Name 0/ Carolana ; and in King William^ Reizu fent two Ships thither, with 200 People^ to make a Settlement, intending to profeeute that Enterprix4fby difpatching away more Ships with fuore People, orjer whom Sir WilUam Waller was to have been Governour ; but the French difiurbing the firfi Adventurers, hinder d their fettling then, and this Part of the Englifli Territories in iunerica is negUSled ; tho by the Situation it mufi be very pleajant, and by the Defcription that the Author had given of it, 'tis one of the mofi amiable Places in the World. This Account was too little to be incerted particu- larly in the Hifiory, anrl btftdes the Writer heard of it'too late ; as he did alfo of the Governments of ConncAicut and Rhode IJland, the latter of which it fecMs IS fiill fepnrat,: from that of Ncw-England.' About thi. 2t;ar 16 ;o. King Clnilcs I. made Grant to Rohert Efl^l of Warwick, of that Part #/ New-England, which lies and extends it felf from M y -*» Wl Thy a Qopy of tbeVattmt, bearing DateyAxmo 16^1 y which Vf as Eevm the Hifiorianfince tbss Hiflory 0^'New*£ng- nd wa^ printed ; and be defires tie Reader to add ft to that <>f Cppne^CUt Colony in particular. H% nientions it here ibe ratber, beeaufe it confirms vf bat- has been reported by feveral HifiorianSy that Mr. Pym, Mr. Hampden, Mr. Pelham, and other great Men in the long Parliament y ii>tre about t$ remove to New-England before the Alterations that ~ happen' d at home kept them here. This Colony of ^.onnedicut furrender*d their Charter in x68$. ap4 tve holden no Courts fince. That of Khodc Iflandy where ftands the Town of Warwick, is a Proprietary or feparate Government to this Day. To the Hifiory of New-England may be further addedy that Afr. Bradftreet mention d in the following Pages, claim d the Country of Nar^ ragantfet, calrd the King'^ Province. But WU- liam Stoughton, Efa^ and Peter Bulkley, Efyi '^^'''^'/^'''tMaffachulets, topmai^ will incline to da. ' t^i ^tbor for that part of the Hifiory which emiM <^^^'^ ^ AntiquitieSj was Mr. Peis^9f, whofe Qharaj^er for Judgment and Care is allpifM fy the Learned 0nd Ex^eriene 4*1 *Tu trite, the4$f^ fi^anet be hadfi^9ifeitAmwasnot very confiderabfi^ ^ nor^at what be foniid i»Ha«pkli^JRprchaC6y r other Colle&ions of Voyages, mncbif^reto tbeVi^ fofe. $imhof^lirf^hand^Qm^^ f^hettir Account of. that ^art of4bei^omimnt th^in any older. PVriter; and^oJjiofforeifftC^fit^ntri^s k^^ . ffl little rf our f^oioiiies,'\that there are not hifiorij^ JEwnts snthem relating to thofe Parts oflLmfsnC9. fi^ient to fill a Sheet, unlefs be ente/d ntto ibijSi,dSjia Stories, among which is much Fable ami , Jfnuch Ifnpertinence, ; V ^\j.0iere'are fp 0CTION. " — t - - — ' - r - ii n "1 _i_L_jx. -^' •"•'■ " fafidpis in Amtrica, a^werd ; oitr VlMt- and the Jdifoinikges of'thm to Bnglaild, ^f ferted. H £ main Obje^ion made by the E- nemies of odp Colonies againn them^ That l^ draining England cf her 15. People^ they weaken us at Home^ and con(equentiy are more hurtful than bene^ cial tx) the Kingdom. On this Argument are founded all their Realbns to excufe the ill tjfage the Plakpations have met with ; of which parti- cular Mention is made in the particular Hlfto- ries of the Provinces ; we (hall therefore in this Place keep to the General Intereft, and fee how ^ the Objedion will hold good. 'Tis faid^ People are the Wealth of a Na^^ on^ and to take away their People is to impo- verilh them ; thofe that fay it^ mean^ only labo- rious and induftrious ^eople^ and not fuch as have no £mploy> or^ which is^ wor% are em- a a ploy'd )Qj^ INTRODVCTION. e^y*d only in difturbing and robbing fuch as ve any. If this is granted^ as it always has been in diisControverfy, ehofe who improTc' their Talknts to moft Advantage^ are of moft Value fo ii Nation. A Man, whole Skill a- mounts to no more than to earn ^^d, vl Day by his continual Labour^ cannot add to the Wealth of fuch a Kingdom as England, becaufe it will not fupply his necefliry Qonfump^ion : JJow- , ever efen fiich a one is Mfs a Burthen to it^ than one totally idle. He who earns 6 4,2. Day, and confumes )u(t fo much, is neither burthen- . fome nor advantagious : But he who by his In- duftry and labour, not only maintains himfelf and Family, but enriches them, is, to the Pro- portion or his Wealth, fo much Addition to the National Stock of the Kingdom. On the con- trary, he who labours not at all, or fo much as not to encreafe the National Stock of his Coun- try, is, to ufe an eminent Merchant's own ^i> Dalby Words, ;«/ good for nothing : He adds. To S?"? * /mw this Truth plain beyond Diffute, I big ^tig gffgthe Doubter but to confidtVy that if all the laborious {$ Orewtb People of the Kingdom left working, and were to livt of the W. on the Natural Produce if it, to be difiributed by w!* ^* ^^*^ ^^ ^'jI**^^ Proportions, by way of Charity, as PariJh-'Poor and Beggars are now Jupforted, bow long ft would be before the Nation became necejjitous, naked and fiarving, and confeejuently the Land and Houfes worth nothing. Many Reafons may be urg'd to prove, that the Increafe of People, wilfully or accidentally idle, is fo far tirom being National Riches, that it is the fureft and fpeedieit way to inevitable Poverty, and muft decay the Value of the Real and Imaginary Wealth of a Nation, proporti- onably to the Decay of Indudry : But this will be fo readily confented to, it would be im- pertinent knies. INfRODVCTION. perdnent to enlarge upon it ii^re. Who then will deny. That thofe Men who add mod, by their Labour, to the intrinfick Wealth of the Nation, either Real or Imaginary, and con^ fume leaft, are bed employ'd ? On the contra^ ry) that thole who coniume moil, and add leaft, are the worft employ*d ? 'Tis true, all who are not mifchievoufly employ'd,or totally idle,are of fome Benefit to the Common Wealth/and fhould find due Encouragement j and thole ought to be moft prote^ed, and leaft difcourag'd by the Laws, who are moft ufefully bufy'd tor the in- creafing the Value ojF the Real ai\d Imaginary Wealth of the Nation. By Real Wealth is ge- nerally underftood Money, Lands, Houfes, &c, by Imaginary, the Art and Labour of the People. Now as we#i England are Inhabitants of an Ifland, we have no ways of conveying our Pro- duct and Manufactures abroad, but by Naviga- tion, the beft and eaiieft of all ways ; we have no ways of making our felves confiderable in the World, but by our Fleets ; and of fupport- ing them, but by our Trade, which breeds Sea- men, and brings in Wealth to maintain them j fuch Hands therefore as are employ'd for any of thefe ufeful fends, whether it be the Mer- chant, the Mariner or the Planter, are moft to be encourag'd ; for on them depends our Strength, and on that our Safety. If we had none, or but little foreign Traffick, could >ve long equip thofe mighty Fleecs, that render the Englijh Name formidable to the utmoft Bounds of the Earth ? Would one Man's confuming what another rais'd, and handing Commodities fron) one to t* other, do our Bufinefs, without the Addition of foreign Wealth ? No Commo - dity is truly an Increafe of the National Stock, a ; • bun /'/ XXI XxU INTRODVCTION, but that which is «?cpprtedj and ad other Tr^de;^ receive their Vigour and Life from the Mq> chanty Commodities riling in EAeein or Vaiiiq( as they are rightly diftnbuted frooi Place tg Place. By him the Mariner is fijbfiAed, ^ Planter fupply'd^ and thiey all muti^lly aflsffc each other, in promoting the Advantage of all other Tradefmen in particular^ and of Tndt in general. By Planter in the ^eyf^Iif^iw, w^ mean the Country GetitHeman^ who mindf wholly the cultivatmg theGrowth$of the Place, and exporting them to England ; from whence he yeany draws fo many Manufadures^ as main* tain feveral Families in that Kingdom. Tis npt eafy to decide how much more fuch ^ Man i^ ufeftd than an Englijh nieer Country Gentle-r man ; when a Labourer in our American Colo^ nies is by the before-cited Authfr faid to be of more Advantage to'E.nghndi tbooutofity than any 1 20 of the like kind can be in it. His Explanation of this AiTertion refers in the (irft Place to the Sugar Plantations ; and the Reader (hall have it abHra Aed from him^ to judge of it a^ he thinks fit. « €C CC cc vrote on this Head : the Plan- Htims, GroMt tf " There li one main Advantage by the Plan- ' " ** tations, which has not been lufficiently cx- " plain'd,and that is, that the Englijh have now ^^ leveral good Commodities or their own^ '' which before they had not, which does very much conduce to the enriching them ,* for it is agreed by all who pretend to underftand ^^ Trade, that a Country does then grow rich» " sind then only, when the Commodities ex- ported out of It are of more Value than thofe that are imported into it. This Proportion between the Importurion and Exportation^ is calfd the Bulla ncc ot Trade; and there is no way in the World for a Country to grow rich by Trade, bur l>y icuiag this Ballance right, and in fending out more than it takes in. Some other Tricks and Shifts there are, which *^ make tc €C CC (( tc m9lE^a fliew q£ dok^ gre^t l/lattcrs, but i^^ prove idle 9od (prfo\oa», and Hi^iQr nothing. A Qomxry h, in this Kefp^A, in the fame <7Qiiditipn with a fxivate Man> that Ures upon his Land : tf this Man felj^ more than he buysj he lays up Money ^ if he buys more than h^ifells^ he muft run in Pebt^ or at Ifad fpend out of the quick Stock; and M^iere the Bought and the Sold are e« qualj he has barely broi^ both Ends toge* *sr, This Gentleman was a Man of excellent Senfey and this Treatife of his hits the Cai& of the ?ltna0tims better than any. He reprefentp their Qrlevan^s in the moft lively Colours^ fpeaks like a Man^ who felt what he wrote^ and who complained with no dilTembled Sor- row. After he has touch'd on Qur Argument of the Jncreafe of the National Stock by Barbados^ and it will hold for the other Sugar tflands^ he goes on: 3ttVU €€ <( €( CC <( (C cc €C (C iC ic *' Why (hould England grudge at the Profpe- rity and Wealth of the Plantations^ fmce all that is ours (he may account her own> not only becaufe we are a part Qf England, (what- ever we may be accounted) as it is taken largely^ but alfo becaufe all comes to this Kingdom of England, properly fo call'd^ thele two and fifty Shires. By a kind of Magnetick Force^ England draws to it all that is good in the Plantations. It is the Centre, to which all things tend : Nothing but England can *we reliih or fancy : Our Hearts are here wherc-ever our Bodies be : If we get a little Money, we remit it to xxvui INTRODUCTION. " England, They that areable^ breed up their ^' Cmldren in England, When we are a Httl9 " eafy, we defirc to live and fpend what wo ^ have in England^ and all that we can rap ^' and rend is brought to England. It may be pretended^ that the oiher Colo- nies^ where there i$ no fuch Confumption of Enghlh Commodities^ as there is not in the Pro* vinces on the Cmtihenty have not that Pretence CO be an Advantage to England, But fure this will not be f«iid of P'irgima and Maryland^ oi which Colonies, their Trade and Profit to England^ we have fpoken in the Hiftories of thofe Provinces. To which we fhall add what Mr Dalhy Thomas wrote on this Subjc^^ in the^ before^mention'd Treatife. " The Price of every Pound Weight of To- bacco imported into the Nation before we planted it^ was from about 4/. to 16s. 2, Pound ; and now rhe beft Virginia is not a- bove 17 <^. to the Merchant, of which the King has c d. Two Thirds of the Tobacco brought from thefe Colonies, is expor- ^' ted to foreign Markets,* which at about *^ % Pound a Hogfhead (the lead the Nation *^ gets by it) amounts to above 200000 Pounds *' befides the great Quantity of Shipping it " employs. It is not fo little as a Million " the Kingdom faves yearly by our planting Tobacco ; fo that reckoning the White Peo- ple in our Tobacco Colonies to be 1 00000 '^ Men, Women, and Children, they, one with '^ another, are each of them 12 /. a Year Profit '* to the Nation. Ther^ are in thofe Colo- *^ nies, by a probable Computation, 600000 ^* Negroes and Indians, Men, Women, and [' Chil- €€ JS^g*' latfd; for not to fay any thingof the greaeEx* poitation of our Commodities to thoie Provin-^ cesrj allowing that there are in all | f oooo Wbtfei", Msfiy Women and Children^ in our Am&kM Cdionies> which is the kiargeft CompiHattoiit^ and they encrea& annually ^ the Nactonal Stock Sooc'oo/. and the whole Encreaidii but 2QOOOOO /.yearly, thereisbut iiooooo Encrealb; &r the reft of the Subjeds of the Britijh Etfipird, €omputexl at 8000000, which is little more than h^f of the whole Encreafe. Thus it appeals, ^»t one Hand in the Plantations is asg^iod as twenty employed at home, as has been piov'd already, by another way of working it. Let us turtherconfider the many Mouths that are fed at home by this Ti^de, the many ]l ^mt- Ues that are enrich'd, ^e vaft Sums it brings into the Exchequer, to which BMrMosOnky ^ays foooo/; yearly, tho not twice ai big as Rutland J and is after the rate of 10 j. for every cultivated Acre in the Ifland* Thus we fee that the Colonies are fkr from being a Diiadvantage to us by the Men Who live there. But then 'tis faid, they are certain- ly fo by the Men who die, that they have been Graves for fevcral Years, and kill more Sea- men than they breed : Were this true in Fad, as it is falfe, it Ihould never be objeded to them by an European. From whence did that fatal Sicknefs come which infe^d Bartadifs and the^ other Iflands ? Was INTROBVCTION. Wm'^noA firom Etmfe. brought hy the S^- mfyit in a<> ill aiaem their Defeence, being im4«r;t^leadiflg of CaptMnsthacnoc only bc^. tf^Qffd thcrfe t^ey^ bvoughc with thera^ but thofe wh<^ j^'d than-. We may iee how it wm wkh them before tiie unhappy Arrival of tho& fickfy Soldier&andSeameDh send M tt I' W M «« U '* Weemploy (^s)a6i^Li*tleHny feven ob eight hundred Ships in a fafe and healthy; >&rigatiQn. Th&yr find lefs Demger in a Voyage m otur Parts^ thanF lo a Voyage tor. iftwcsJIU ^ and ai die Ships come £ife^ lo the^ Mfsn come fiMind Whereas of thofe that 901' to the Eajl^ Indies^ half the Ships Company^ (take one iil^ wkh another) pec^ m die Voyai^ i^i. Bdides the great ]bicrea£e o£ Wealdi by oue Coionies^ added to the National Stock, theTrea-* fure £iv^d has been prov'd to be of almoft as great Advamagp. Nations enough would in^di- acdy £diiafo the5«^^ and T§bateo Trades, and fupplv us at their own Rates for our Moneys We would foon mifs our Plantations if we had none, and their Enemies then would have theif Ohie&ionsaiifwer'd in 9 Stiid which they might tremble to hear^ for Envy has made them coo foee of their Reflections, efpecialiy confider^ ing^diey have fo little Appearance of Rea(bn on tneiriiab. IsncMz the Situation of the Iflands for annoys ingehe Sfanirndsot French in Jmmca^ afufllici- ent Argument for us to be as earful of their Defence, as if they were our Fr«ntiers ? Ani thk relktes more particularly to Barbados. Should we in England be fo negligent of our felves and them» as to expoie them to a Fnnc& Con- xxxii INTRODVCTION. Cbnqueft, (>f which they have been in Dangfir more than onoe. What would be the Coi%-« guence ? All the Leeward Ifiartds muft inevitably >lIow ,* hot could Jamaica hold Outlong. The P^^emb being to Windward^ can fend their Men down to Petit Guaves with a finall Charge* and would force the Inhabitants of Jamaica to fur* render in a few Months. The Lois of the Su" gar Iflands would foon afFeA the Northern C6- loniesj who are of great Ufe to England^ for their Tobacco^ Msuk, Timber, breeding of Seamen^ and Navigation. All whidu etotpi Vsrgima ind Marjlindy have their chief Depen-^ dance on tht Leetvard IJUnds 2ndyamaitdi tor their Lumber and Pifhery. The Colonies of Ifex^England^ iJew-York^ the JerfeySy Fntfylva- niay and Carolina^ have very little Ufe for any Navigation duredly for England, but have si great Trade with the Sugar-Iflands^ which is very much for the Intereft of England i and if thele Trades were loft^ one thirdat leaft of the Navigation of this Kingdom would follow it. What Effed this would have on the Merchants^ Manu&Aurers^ Mechanicks^and Mariners^ lee every reafbnable Man judged 'Tis certain^ our jimerkan Plantations take off more of die \f anufadures of England than any other forei^ Trade whatfoever j and is not this Confideration enough to fdence all the Clamours of the unthinking Veafantry ,* for fure no Man who has conversed in the Worlds and been tolerably educated^ can give into fuch an Error, or imagine 'tis not well wonh our while to fpare Hands for the Culture of our Land in America, Should we negleft our Iflands, what Port wou*d be left us to enter the S^nifa ff^tjhlndies ? What Damage might we not do th^ French and Sfanf* INTRO BVCTI ON. sppuii Sfinisrdi ftam-^^imMcaf Is not chat Iflatld a Kbythat lets v^imio^MjpsmoUsndtheCmtimm,^ 'TWUI foon be aiirwer'4 Whathave we got 1^ it in this War i Which Queftion let others re* ^y to^ I take the Liberty to aflert^ that theie h nodiing (b plainly to be m ade putj, as that we might have got) and (till may get by it. Per* , haps tpO) whether it has tam'd much to our immeaiate Profit or not^. the Fr«» to be zealous for the promoting Navigation; yet thty know their Intereil fo well^ ttut 'tis a long while ago that they began to put in for ft Share of the American Continent and Iflands j and whoever they have got^ they are careful to de- fend They have always a great regular Force at Cana4ai for the Prefervation of that coldj barren Province^ and their Care for the Defence of their richer Plantations is anfwerable. The French King lets fuch a Value upon his Vlanta% • ti$HSy and is fo far from thinking his People loil whp go to them^ that he pays a gpod part of the Freight of all fuch as go thither to fectle^ and gives them other Encouragements : There's no Man will doubt his underlVanding his Ince- reft. And if thofe People weaken'd or impove^ riih'd him by tranfporting themfelves to Amerh ca^ he would fooner fend them to the Galiies. ' b The « i)txiv INTRODVCriON. ^' The Dutcb^ we kfiow^ have Colonies in tbt Mmfi-^tndksy dO theft exhauft and depopulate Holland *y or are diey>at leaft^ a Burthen an4 Ib'a convenience ? The Hollandtn ate ib far from thinking fo^ that they juftty efteem them thi chief Foundation of their Wealth and TnifliciK $ Their Eajt-India Trade depends on their Esf" India Colonies^ and the Greatnefs and Glory of their State depend on their Eafi-Indis Tr<^ Tho their Colonies drain and deftroy their Meii as foft as ours ; as their Trade and Wealth en- creafe^ their People encreafe alfo ; and. 'tis 9^ ^ 'twill be the fame with us, when the Plantar tions are fo fi^ eas*d of their Burtheps, ths^ they may ilourilhi and pour inTreaf^re upon ' BB, which in fuch Cafe they would again do ^ teheyhave formerly done. As to the Dittch Wtp^ hdia Colonies ^ now do they gherifh Surm^m^ tho one of the bafeft Countries in the World e Are they not as follidtous for the Preiervation ' of Ctoraj/iy (as 'tis commonly pronounc'd,} and €he Settlement of Tt>lfsg9 ? Did they not fpare their Admiral Dt Enfter with a Fleet, in their War with ^ance above ;o Years ago, to fall upon the FYemb Sugar Iflands ; and would they luvo done it, had they not thought them highly va* Ittable ? ) , What a Figure have the V^tngu^t made in Eitrcpe, fmce the Duttb drove them in a fp^eat Meafure out of their Eafi-IndiaTnA^, in com- parifon to their Stren^h and Riches, while they were in Poifeflbn ofit ? The Ptrtugmfe have (o true a Notion of the Advantage of fuch Colo- nies, that to encourage them, they admit the Citizens cf Gm to fend Deputies to fit in th« Affembly of the Cortex, : And if it were ask'd. Why our Colonies have not their Reprefenta- tives ? who could prefently give a iktidfa^ory An- ««i lati'ins^ INTRODVCTION. AfrfWer ? There are fome P^Hbns who prdtcnd the Spaniards have ruin*d themfehres^ by ex- haiifting thair Country^ for the fake of their [American AcquiHcions, To which may be an- fwer'dj their banifhing the Converc-Moors^ the Jews, and the fetting up ef the Inquifici^ii^ with the Tyranny of their Government, have more exhaufted Sfain than all their Settlements in the Wef^Indits, Had moderate Counfeis prevail'd, there would have been no Scarcity of Men in thlt Kingdom, and their Pride and Sloth have impoveri(h*d them much more than tfieir Want of Hands. Befides, grant that ever ry Nation beft underftahd their true Intereft, do not the Spaniards Politicki even now juftify our AfTertionj That the* Weft-India Colonies are highly advanbgious to their Mother Couor tries ? What do they fight fcJr at this time ? Why do they fuffer themfelves 'to be torn tg} Pi\:ces on all (Ides ^ What is this Difpute for ? Would thev give up the Wefi Indies to the right Owner, Iw. ChAfUs III. Matters would foon he accommodated ; and without doing it, this War can never be well ended. We hope the Reader b by this time fatisf/jj that our American Plantations are an Advantage, and a very great one, to this kingdom; and the Aigumentsbtought from Antiquity wtill^ of no uie to the Enemies of Colonies. Tis faid, Arijfittle (faking of the Won- ders of the Woiid, writes, " That certain " Carthaginian Pilots having difcover'd a vaft ^ Ifland, very fruitful, beyond HmuUs Piilari: [Which muft \tt Anuria ^ tor Britain was known to themi (b were Africa and the £ ^ feveral Families of that Republick *' their Country, to tranfport themfelves th}- !^ thef, and fettle there ; but the Magiftrat^s b a ^ r of xtaev Ic/c XXXVl '4 INTRODVCTION. *' of Cartbag£ forbad any^ onfcvere Peoattios^ *^ to make that Voyage. By which means 'twas fo negle^d^ that the Country became unknown again, till 'twas 4if- cover*d by Columbus 1700 Years] afterwards. This is told us by fome Inquirers into the Ht- ftory of America ; of whicfr more will be f^-, when this Author treats of thoie Parts of it that belong to the Spaniards, Portuguefi, Dutcby Danef tuid French, as he intends tpdo^ according as this Trcatife is encouraged. Tho the Carth^ gtnians might have had fuch an ill Opinion pjf Colonies, that is no Argument of their bei^g hurtful 5 for the Judgment of greater N^tioi^ and the Succefs of it make againil them. Dli4 the Athenians and other Greeks lofe by the Cor lonies they fent into Afia ? Or rather, was not Ionia the Barrier of Greece, which defended it againft the Perfian Ufurpation ? Did thefe Cor lonies difpeople Greece f Js there any Co^n- plaint of it in all the Greek Story ? No cer tainly I On the contrary, the Grecian States thrivd after it; their Navigation 'encreas*4i and by their Navigation they became Mafte^s ,of Afia ; lV)r hanown'd State thought it convenient to fend forth a Colony, Thoafands of People were icnt away at a time, at the publick Charge, and that as far as the Tygru on tho one band, and the Tweed on the other. Thefe Colonies were *hc Security pf their Conquefts ,• suu^^the grcatcll Politicians have b^cn of Ojjpinion, That t* •II* '' that ev^f^Ae World fa)^„ifo it chiemr ow*^^ '^ its Gr^ei^r to it^^%^:pnu^9n of^Qj)^ CC mS^c > ,, - ' ^' ".■■''' ■ ■■ lUCS* ' ^ ; ,'n- ,; •■ ,_ • ;,. o^ ' .-, V .-•,. >' -;^pi'. -.,-' It would fflot be veryfjdiflicult to pfOTiey u^it in the prefent CircuiimfiBces of AJpl^ri^^^^^^^ Britijh Coloiiies are^ or n^y be i^up)i jnore advantagipus. to the ^rif^iifr than t]^,,4^^ Coloniesy pi , ^hich they yy^ere (b • free^^were tolthe i^omansy by how-mu^ more the^fety of a Natipn k of greater Cohiequenpe |l]iaii its » Extent of Empite ^ 1)ut that would dia^T thif TraA out to too great a Lchgt'h. If *we fiave not been too tedious already, 'tis well ,* and we (hall leave the Decifion of this Argument now to the Reader^ having faid as much for it as we could^ and as we believe is neceiTary to convince the Impartial and Dilinterened^ / That our Colonies in Anurka are (b far from * 'being a Lofs to us, that there are no Hands in the Britipt Empire more ufefully employ'd for the Profit ana Glory of the Common- Wealth. Of all our American Commerce that of Sugar is moil valuable, becaufe moit neceiTary. dir Jopah Child y in his Difcourfe of Trade, fpeak- ingofthis, fays. CC It is in his Majefty's Power, and the Parlia- " ment's, if they pleafe, by taking off all Char- *^ ges from Sugar, to make it more entirely ** an Ewg/i/fc Commodity, than White Herrings '^ are a Dutch Commodity ^ and to draw more " Profit to the Kingdom thereby, than the " Dutch do by that. * And that in Confequeneo " thereof all Plantatio is of other Nations, *!! mufi; in a few Years fink to little or nothing. Tl^s ••• tl9TK0&VCTt(fN. Tkk AuthoHtjr «iiin epnfinii al}^ has l^eii fiiflbefbre^ and it hijght be nisfd^ biic, whicb wdy ib'gi^tGooid m^rl^donetoclte^^^ but that would b^^o enter into the detdit ot cheMatdjIhipi theC6|oiiies have lain under for manv'Ytirs^ the Means of eafingthem, and other Ai^cles^ fomdpf which ar6 treated of in the partieuiar Hiftories of the Plantations ; and ochef9thaK rematii» we muft forbear mention- ing till a more conlrenSent Time s^d PUce of- fer ; lor we have aireadjr kept thi^ Reader top U^I|^UWUiWI« '.>»-«•'» ii>,. ':''•■!• vDffcrik - • • ■ ^\^frmrjr /() f»i>rih:Ki :.' .f.'3) thtrti "m" lOtlVHj'i ' ■ ■ '. ' ■ 1 , i ,■ . . .. X\ ■ ' 1 . * l:"' \ '■■'.'.j' ^.:i^U':i.' ..' ■ -^'i • . '. > '■ v . i-:-'^ J a' ♦ X. • ^ ■ • ■■ ■ - • ' .ii ;. ■ wiqm: v . ^roin '» . - 'f^rrio'^ ;<> V'lcv.. ' ^c]-r- ■ Wi:Stqi i > ■ ; ■ ■ . . . ! • '.- Advcr- 21 J !;• iJfii . •'- • i'MniJ / i i'u InM . '..' / . h'TjW !••([' ' , i?fh ntrii . ( 1 • * =*^(! .r/r» i>r»o • . ■ . ,1 ,' ' • ■m;- A W-i V V/' 'S 1 M& ^'.^d'l Adve etit* AL L Gentlemen^ Mircbtmts, or §tlirsl 9ftfi> iivt im out Asnukaxk Celmkti and wiU tmmtmicatt mj thlni to the Auifbor, to ie adiedtt gmmdtd in the next Edition of this Bifim^ sn dtr pfd to dire& it to either of the Bo^eUen whofi J^amis art in the Title-Page of this Book, and Cart fialihe taken to have it i^erted. Theft 'H # «!: » * '* .;^# '. -i * 4 There are fome few £R R JTA^s of the VOL* |. Page 40^ . 1. 6. del. J&/m« read Raddi/otuv* ,U^ 1. 1, lead ^v tbeJGt^, p. 349. 1. i9>'deUCfo- ^P^nfftt^.o/rfoyidence. iVo|. a. p. no. Bat^mtJtfatm tit fm Pm ibould be Qfi|f Sir JoJ&n Cotf}/o« and Sir %m£s M9dif6rg.v, tiiifot i$6ooo^ read 130060, intheliuin- 6er of Souk. The icl^ are itiofily Littehds^ ai^d the Ret^ deifiU^uirajreorre^cheiii. ^-v^a^ <; «'.>rr THB ,a'■ U" H 1 ^ H i . ^,'./ .bit. r.^- ...M^^. KU w«K3i::K^»a'«!?j . j«im«ei •» i 1 »• •-<:> ?v.. VJI»i, 'iv*- ^ :».«i >, >?■] il U (> i • •»*'••<••»*> wt- o ii w i n lit » » Jil« n «»« S'1' JZEL H ♦7 *^t^ • XtfMlM ^^^ S!? -AI7JRje2^.S tn. tfr Jhetory JU^u^MMni fJInt-SfJ^i ^(Wi^lW ^ r^i^m^ MtneK Bjly i^^yi Jfmr^UU. IfZ^S^ ScOTL^NJy ^^t/^^ tJagaM. %V»y»i. pX. •«rf^. •'KbAm/a ^% •*»*f^ -^«-^^L^?§f r':'^' J*jI J'4'\ S'/\ J*^ 3*t\ J'^ *-HW ^ ► i r*^ ^ l^jirlvf^M ^'^1 >^-: c* > [HISTORY •of NEJFFOUNDLAND, Containiag y^tf Accwnt ^ its Difiomy^ Settlement f Enereafe^ "Pre" fern State y InhtJntantSy CU^ mate, SoU, Produd, Trade, dec r. 2$ THIS large liland wasdifcover'd bt Sdui/HalB Ji. 0,, QAet'j* who was fcnt to tke tVe/hhdisi ,^p^^ by Htmy VII, in the Year 14^7. to maltt ^^^VNi/ EKftoverieSi 'Tis of a T^iangvlar Figure, The li^iH g M Irelandy about jd<> Leagues in Circumie<-«f tk l* fence V ieparated from North Qmadii on the Conti«-yfiifi» nent to the North, and New-Sr^rAivn^ to the South ^ about as far as the neareft ^tt^ Eitgiatid is front frartce : Tis no more than foo Leagues diftant from the Lands End '9 and the Great Bank is hardly half way to Firginia : It lies between 4^ and 53 Degrees /n £^,|. of North Lat. and has many commodious Bayes along tuie, the Coaft ^ (bme of them running into the Land to ward sonc another move than ao leagues. B Bat a Tlbe Hifiory of Nolvfoundland^ c But before we enter upon a further Deicription of the C^ntry, we fliaU proceed with the Hiftor^ofit from its DiKovery to its Settlement by the EngMt, . IHfcm/ery, In the Reign of ffenry VIII, Mr. Thorn and NIx, ElUoty two Engliih Adventurers. ^Ibade a Voyage thither*, and one Mr. Hore^ another Adventurer of our Nation, attempted a Settlement, but was roduc'^ to^ fiich Streight^ that many of his Company wei^ kil^^ amd «ateri by their Fellows: Thofew!^ furviVd, were fo changed, thit Sir WtiliamButtSy a ""Uorfolk Knight, did not know his Son at his Return, and cou'd not be convinc'd *twas the fame Perfon, till hei^ew'^ him a Alarkin ^is Body whic|^ his Father rentL^bred Tke £ngUih alter'' tins ne^e^ng the Place, the French and Portuguefe reforted to it, and carry'd on a very profitable Trade in Fifti and other ^579' Commodities. In the year tjtp. Captain Richard \ Whitburn of Exmouth in Devonjhire^ was empl6y*d by Mr«(^o^tf;i, ;a Hjerchant of Southamptonrtinto Trw/Vy-I^arbour, where tyyknrdftdrWFini, Deer, Bear^, Beavers. Seals, pftei% Sef-fovy(iy^^c..>nd having m^de a tollerable 158J. Voyage, rettirhli to £»^/ \iti rollers theiiifelves: tho 'tis pretended Johh' rk'^"^"?^^ ' i^, a FlbtcQtine, fenl by Frd»w I. the French Cjl"* :iii*i_p6flcfi1dWiiifetf of thelfland in the Name of nj,^"' Jiaf Prihcfe, cal^iflg it lerre Neuve, or Newfimd- [/d^ yet thatddes not klTen the Right of theEngtifh' ltd ^s Godntry ; for it was done (e veral years after 5^" \ha/HanCdot had been there a fdcdnd time *, and brought ^ tlvHice I of the Natives, whom he prcfented to Hetny Vtn. as a Token of his having taken pofleffion of thU ' PlftceinhisName: Atid Sir//iw»p^(7i/Wf when he w^ Aere^ fbrbad allother Nations to fiih on the Coaft. ' *Tis true, the Engliih were not for a longtime* [very fond of fettling on fuch an unfriendly Shoar^ where there were few or no Conveniendes for life^ but Intereft at laft prevail'd*, and in the Year i^bp. }M*John Ow a Merchant, ai:^^ ?.fierv;ards Mayor of Bri/tolj who wrote a Treatife to encourage Per-'^ foas to undertake a Settlement by writing ^nd^ folliciting the Bufinefs fucceedeu io well, that in the foik)wing Year King 5f/ Dtf«», Sir Walter Cope^ Sir'^ Pierchal mOouMy, Sir John Confiahle^ John Weld E^uire, Mr. £&> Crijp^ Mr. Richard BowdUry Mt. jinthony Haviiand, Mr. William Lewisy Mr. Hun^fhry Mook^ Mr Joh^'Guy^ Mr. Phillip Gw, Mr. Willidm il/#r*< diys, \6\q, landed at ti>mp#^»*Harbour 5 a!hd he and his Com-' e unions built Houfes, or rather Hutts, for their Ha- itations, during their ftay. Mr. GHxy behav'd himlelf ^o courtcoufly to the Natives, that he entirely gainU their Friendftiipv and the Englilh were not at all di- fttirb'd by them ii: carrying on their Settlement, as they were ia other Places. In the next Year \6\u j^xi. Captain Whitburn went, thither again, and the Arch B 2 Pirate m 1 61 2. i^ch^ if t3i«% ilk ^mXQ % Mil J^If^; ^bjjtfce Yf V[/:f% i« Jhe DireaT^ that troulM i»«^ nioft, was the S€(irvy,r^ which theyvfDucVl with ikMli 1 61^ Tmnvps* In the Y«ar 1 ufe of ,cheir _ list; iietlKtfgittrdf^bBalce forhi6Retr^'io .••■; T^ifow thib Grailtt!Coi]Vi be tiMd^ without the GofifXtfriBal. fimfclof tive fcrmtr Pfyj^ ;we cannot comfffe^ timore'i WKi4_i O^vid Mm to change the Climate m6?e than his Conftitu- Kirk'j Set- lion» Hfcnt thither, and by Warrant of the Ooverrv-.«'«'»"^^"*» B J mci>t 1^21. 1529. 1 52 J. Tiff Jfies. mbe. mmt then inbeing^ pdflefs'd hunfilf of the Uord Aif- humrr's Plantation, ' which ht zfteipmtds treated with that Lord to purchaie \ haxttit Family ofOHr' thrtf wou*d never formally eiv^ np their Pretedceiy not^hftanding which Sir David liv'd there lOlHk time, gave his Name to 3i Sound on the Weftern Shoti)) alid'his Children and Grand Children dwelt thtc^ ?^r him, the latter beins redac'd to the mean Gonr- dition of the^ Ordinary Inhabitants. Sir David viii- ^ertook an Expedition aeainn; thfe Bnnch at GtkadM^ and, deftro/d their Settlements, which the Frcildl not only recover*d in the Reign of- Charles H, ^haii . they were fufFer'd in his time firfttd fettlfroAWie Sonthern Shosir of Nervfinmdland-^ to fortify themiciiiis at Plaeentiay St. Piter*s. and other Places* Thus tiiw who are Intraders,by their Induflry, and the Con^MK ence of their Neighbourhood with Canada^ thjS QAsk r% iuch as it i% of the French i Dominions in .Anu^ Hrj, have got the better Pare of this liland^ iand ha.'ve a more numerous Colony and. better Fortilica- tions than the EDglilh, who have all along contented themfelves with Tome fcatter'd Settlements on<^the Coafts, which they do not call by the Name of TWwf, but by that of Narhurs. Before we ^go on fiirthet with our Hiftory of the Country, wecflull give an Ac* cdunt of the Places where the Enaliitihave Settled; tbi tiumberof Families^ by the lateit Surveys taken nom a Merchant wholiv'd Come time in the lOand^^ in what way they live, for their Conllitlition doeiriiot delerve to be call'd a Government, Of the bno^fH^ the Climate, the Soil, Animals, Trade, and qtlMnr things worthy the Reader's Knowledge. . . Under the Name of Newfoundlmd thofe Iflei an comprehended which lie on tne WeftSldegf it ie^the Gulph of St. LdvprvKef and the River of Canada oi Nex9 Fran e to the North and Weft. Thefe Ifles are V f fn number, of which the moft confiderable are, the IHes of the Sand or Bank of Capi Breton^ St. Jfkin*^ Ide about $ o Leagues lone, 1 6 over, and 90 id Cir- cuit ^ 'tis properly nothing elfe but a great Fo- reft of Fir-treeis. and is furrounded with fteep Rocks. Cape Breton Ifle m t|i^ South of the Gulph of St Lan^ rencty is 60 Leagues' Idng, i o or 1 3 broad, and t ao jn Circuit j -tis almoft cut in twoPinrts by that Gulpk ^ '< V ty Hifimy tfNewkundlzxid. ^ The Ifle d Agumption is alfocalF4 jhtice/tl^ 'tisa- boot the bignefs of Cape Breton Illand, fituated at the Mouth of the Great River of Canada -^ Bears Port is the beft Haven in it. Betweenj4micofii and the iflatlfland, the old Writers tell us was the beft Cod Fiftiirtfo and that 'twas common to take xoo in an Hour there. Tis certain fo, many have been caught 'in an hour ^ but 'tis as far from being a commoii I diing, as that Place from being the beft on the Coaft for Fifhing, neither the Enghfli nor French ever fiih^ ingbetween thofe Iflands. The Englifti had Settlements formerly as far as Cape ^*'gf'fi> StMarfs on the Southern Shoar ^ but now they begin ^"^' atFerryland Head, and are fcatter*d along the Coaft at '"'•''• 8 or I o Miles diftance from one HarboUr to another, as far as Greenfond : And paiiing Cape de Rax^ the i^tft Eafterly Point of Land in the I/land, We come to Ferrylandy where are about 3 o Hou(es and Families. Cape Broil^ • « '' • n * Bay of BuUs^ ... 20 Brifias Bay y ... ^ Belllm^ ..... J Toads Cove^ • • . • 2 Mummables Bay, • . . tf Fetty Harbour J f * * s 5if. Joilw's Town, . • • tfo The latter is caird aTown, and is fituated within ji. John'* the Neck of the Harbour in the Bay, forni'd by xTom, River that falls into the Sea there *, the Mouth of that Harbour is about half a Mile over : On the North Side of it at the Entrance is a Battery, and another on the S6uth-Eaft, where there's a cover'd Fortification, and 8 or 10 Guns, which with the oi)polite Battery com- mand the Harbour, and render it almoft impoilible ior an Enemy to come at St,yohn*% Town, there being befides this a Chain of 1 5 Tunn weight, which they can let down a-crofs it from one Fortification to ano- ther. There was a Church before the late Invaflon of the French. The Houfes were built on the Northern Shoar, and every Family had a (brt of a Whar/e before their Houies to dr v their FiiYi on. The Church then ftood about the Micuile of the Town, but (ince n B# Jfi^Mj^ 1/ NewfoUfidlafkl. for due better Secnrity of the Settleaient^ the £ii|^« lUh have reniov*1. Richards^ when he command there,A Garifon coniifting of an indef»endant Oxapuvf of Foot, whoTe Captain at orefent is Major tht^ jfiMt LUyd% always do Duty there, and in the kce Trouoles were, of great Service to the Conifrtry, Within the Fort on the Right Hand and on theLm are Barracks^ for the Soldiers, and oppofite to the Gate the Captain's Houfe, built s la Jkbd^n^ with Safh Windows, and is a very fair Edifice. Next to ^,.^0i>fy'sTowQiS| ,-.is»'- racfi 3 30 Houfes and Families, 4 Families, la Families. ',.7prhayy • Salmon Covey Havre deGrace.^ Carhoneer-t * ' }o Families; jBMFHrds^ • • i« Families, QtaParlikWy * • tf Families, a ffew Pai^likift dektted, SilfyCove, Trtnity Harbour j x 2 Families. Bonavifi, • • • 25 Families, Creenpond I()and, 3 Families, In all ?fr Families, fome of which are very Urge') , and all together, before the French deftroy'd the Settkments from Cape de Rojl to St, JM% Town, con* taiA'd 4000 EngUih Inhabitants^ Men, Women and Pii^jren*, tho in the year i(rp8| there were but ifpo Souls, the Number encreaung after the rate of about 500 every Year, till they came to be up^ wards of ^000. Moft of the People fled to St.Joha't Town,and were fafe there ; but fuch as cou'd not crow4 into the Fort were abandon'd to the Mercy of the Enemy, who burnt all the Houfes in the Weft End of the Town 3 and the few they left, were, as they faid, only (par'd that they might be a Recep> t$cle for themfelves when they came there again, vvhtch they threatned to do, but have not yet beeii 99 good as their Words, i hey ftaid in the Town J Weeks, W«ekf, and oootinually haoraft fke Solclim in tjie )rt by Faife Allarnii : At laft^ tii^y wert tir'd witk icking, before die Engiiflt were with defending , placC) and left it. carrying away with them fytm mdreds of tiie Inhwitants. The EnsUfli iiad no Settlement for many Ye^rs ht^ jer than Bmm/t y bat i o Years ago they (at down at jrw^md Ifland) oad thus take up the N.E. and E; Pari >f the Country^ as the French do the ^ and S. W. th^ (atives living in the North. There are feyeral fine lyk within the limits bf the Enelifh Territory, as, mavi^^ Trinity^ Qmeepti&n^ which ftretch them-' ilves towards the South Weft ^ T^nimy zniAGipelitt ly, St, John's Harbour, the Bay of Butts^ FrejhWtH ' Bay, and others : For there's no Shore in the World well accomniodated with Excellent Harbours. On le French fide are the Bays Trep4nfy St. Mar/ij Sot' fU and PlaetHtia^ which ertend their Arms toward* ihe North. The Great Bay of 5ir. Peunr lies on the South Weft fide of the Ifland to Leagues diftant ftom lie River ciCmadik The Bottom of all the Bays meet richin the Compafi of a fmall Circuit, by which leans the Codimunication from Bay to Bav is eaQr. 'here are abundance of other Bays rounclaboutthe y^eftemShore^ u iar as the Great Sa^^ and many lore between that and Trinity Bay, which lies in Lbout 4# Oeg. N. L and is v^ commodioufly fitu- ted to receive Shh>ping in bad Weather. It ha$ « Arms or fiiveriL long and larje enough for many ^ondred Sail of Ships to moar hn at Anchor, above a dile from the Hanours Month. The Bay of Flm- , V near GrtMpmi is Dancerous for (helves. The ly of Trtpaftyy which is the prefent Bounds of the Elifti, Souoivttrd, lies in about ^^. by to The Hf/lf^i:^ 0/ NewfiMUidknd. by another, and io clear 'em as they go. The Feb* pie at St. John'sToyin vrho donotremoveyarepiJitto great Streights for want of Firing. Wood, 'tistrue^ IS very plentiful, but the Difficulty is to come at it, the Accefs to the Forefts for Rocks and Snow beiim very troubleibme, and fometimes impailable ^ ana 'tis no fmall part of the Profits of the Under-Offi« cers of the Garifon to let out their Men to fetch Wood. There's hardly any flirrins out of the Houfe for 5 Months in the Year. The Inhabitants have no Corn nor any other ibrt of Provifion or NeceiTaries, (excapt Wild Fowl, Fifh, andVenifbn) but what is lent them from Europe, The Ifland is Full of Moun-' tains and /^/)r^/c burn. j^\ 47. l.v. r, who com- to ilieEngUih 'for ^e Sebfons, fo'tit noleis wr«tclitid in its'GoveK|kme)e Office, juid in the Abfence of ithe Captains of tKik -^^^ '^eti of War, ahd the Lord of the mrbovr^ thft Captain of theLand Forces in the F6rt oi Sf, JMi Towh^ is GoVcmQurby his Phcei^ and both theiHiB and the otheraveLord Chancelldrsj and dedd^av^ tttrarily mtkW Cafes. , There's ik> need of much lam^ for the Inhabitihtii have not much Land, and no M6^ neyj They truck With one another m what llmr wiht and . kave v^nd Breaches' ^f . the Peac^, or taking away a Man's Oooda Hvithout ginU^ TrucL fteafingof }let5 or Ftihing-Tackle, are thi main Caofes that come before die GpVernour foe tfiS time being, whofiiriimons the Criminal before hink^ and his Sentencc^is definitive. If ^tis the Land-Officer] he keeps 'em < in awe by threamin^ 'em with a File of Mn«[eteers *, and a& much as diey are without Lav6s and Lawyers, the want of them, for what I caa hedr^ \s one of their leaft fnconveniencies.. .If a Man eonisr inits muttlerj he is fent in Chnlns to England^ andiin- lei^ WitnefTes are fent with him. which is expends and not always poilible, he takes his Trial at the Old.Baily^ is acquitted, and goes home again ^ as wai the Cafe of a rafon who was accus'd of Sodomy 3 or 4 years ago. As fevcre as the Climate is, it a* atees very well with EnzUfli Conftit^ions, and oiir Countrymen have generally been healthy there^except when they brought Difeafes with them* • ir As for the Proou£V of the Country, Fir and Spruce rrccf Trees are the mod remarkable, belnsreckon'd as tit for Mafts,asthofeofi\r0rptf)(. Pine and Birch-Trees are as big m big tiiere as 'any ^whore^ mi airndftall fbtci df ffim- bcT'Trees dMxmd in the I^atid% As ^ (^viraptdeii Dear, Hares, IPdnsj. Sqainth^ Wol^^aarS^ BaiB^ > lomrttdOmi^ laifiM Plenty or F6osl^.!^ea- K^<^. &ft and FraiBclci^ the leaftlnlKleftaclon^ or pdt:%m to tllllcillrGitt• kiistorcat]ch••%lil: > '<>; -.^.■.•; v-T m.. • -rrfihitfodr'StfirieriB^tiieft, sirenofeffliaV €i^edit(witl| llMiCvf theiMermaidlie'f)retended]tiMcn8^ anchiife il«]| aor iendi^VOfeit ' to ImpQib either <^ \nni as Tirstfi od joar- Rekciecs:/.Wte:^ certain^ j&JFhat the Sea ^ tUtCoaifc is JriinhoftM Gouat^tf ^Ssdnfon, . Hektin^ MaclFere!, Floia^eh, Miod an; infmi^ Nudoberrof rtM$s ill thef Rivelrs^ which \iire nbt Hrery broadi>)r kng^fbut thtfe^ ,pltn)tjr of tBnnh raiMl< of Sprinss df goMfWtfeer :• ^Qwl^r Poddy W Qatne is to be Inet witii (every iwhere a£a11 ibl^, aiid isl'the gtcatcift QeA^ttknce Inlfce- Coimtryi the^T^ Mfifbiir thflFiAiery, one of tiie^moft jwftefi ciajrin tbe fWoilny AncTiyet flb has 'beeniii^ieralAynQgld^nik K^oeajBt oot took fiimething Hfie a ParadmL ttnt'^ arboatre Maftefs^sf Hhs.Sea^ iMldnpt Ike JMaftera^ Tridt. ^hide^ and f^iaHv of tkatn'&adet which' is iq ftk^tfxmt 6}^n^i and that thr iFrftndi, the ineaneft Natibn id the Wt^ ilirith . ^(twa^otSfimnierce^ <^ ^ fideting their Advantage^ ihdaUrivai w ih fsc6nft^ derahle a Bi*anc)i of our Traffidt ? *Tis pi^' ^V^ Wfaoi have driven 'eiDonCof the J^-ir^ am^ ikGMrf Mtemvman Seas, OiouM not dicar Che sAthmtkk of ^ew/ rand be eiftifeW: Mkftets of oar own FiAiety^ which jWou^dbe^ib adYantagious to the Pablick In Atk ndf al^ and private Men in partifcttaif : For befides ^e EncQBragement it gives to Kitvigation, the Seaihen thatit breeds^ and the TradesthaCitMaintains, ir en^ ceeafesthe Nationals Stock wonderfully \ for let a Ship of lyb Tims MailkL^d With aoHaUds ttiake the Voy^ iiBe 'Wilh QOthiag but Vi£^ua!s and Fiflhing-Tackie, ine Oiali bring fotyod; wordiof Fiih to Market in a ^^v^goodnYto*, afici thatVa certain Gain to the King- So^d, as well IBS 'tft*private Men. The Ehgliih and iFrei^ feldooL hJtd leu than joo/Ships a ' year, to ,fti^^m»fmft^Mk ^^^blShito(i&&?mft.FQaii£itioi^ thi^uUthe^^-^ i^m (fEMiti^pfXm'djm hurt mm in it. They would JijiiK np Expend too groat in b^U4ifl£ Fbjpi^ ^ forti^ling tli« Hirl^ars (o ikit thfty may comnml th^i ^i(hfsij in thsna. : XIm^ woidd ^M^^ pe at t|i» Ic^rge of ft Sqi^Mbron of Men oC Wat tapi:QtNt^|>oiie mlFiflierSy aii()hinf|cir othori fkoHbiflong.) and if Hf 4ways lay tlifire, we might oagly ina law yean ixom tkeTmie to oar felves* drive the French cniI , the I(knd)v\ftnd the Neighbfiwnsig Continent | rhich* tho it may ieem to be more eafily gro|Q£M bQ 'ti$ to be efie^ed) -is a very feafible Deligiu and /hat I doubt not the Wiiciom of the Nation irill tall9 »tQ Con^enttion. Whenever this is brought .10 a^the Banks of Ahi[^Mift<&W will be more valoft* Je to the Eng^ ijua the Minesof Mfxko and\iWiik to the Spaniards. Tho our Filbers feldom fifli on dhft lunJiSy bnt ofif theif Harbours in Sloops, yet ther fH^it Bmk and the others are (o mudi talked ciiF» lat 'twill be expeifted wefliould iay femething of 'en^ AU theie Banks are vaft Heaps or Shoals of ftuid^ne BMtt2 that Ue along in the Ocean at feveral diftances from as Shore : Tne Great Bank is about 20 Leagues fronts p 4# Ratf the nearefl: Point of Land to it ^ 'tis 1 0* JlesliOQgf and tj broad *, the Sea that runs over iti% irhen -tts ^lood, < wveral Fathom deep, and tin; larg^ J^ps may venture uDon it without fear of ftriking, ex- bept at a place cali'd the f>£«rtf, where 'tis thought jTeveral Ships have been caft away^ and the Men til )eri(h'd *, for many palfing that way have never been leard of. The next Bank is Krrr- Bank, about »« N4iles lone^ and 40 over where 'tis broadefl: Theat ^anguero-ttank lyip^ in the ftiape c»t a Shoe, aboKt bh$ bignds of the other j then the Shoals of Sani^. la^ndfiVhalebank', the Shoals of jicadfo^ Mvumm lank« and the Bank of the IflandsinS&Pe/rr's Bayt ^(F tneie Banks, > now almoft wholly frequented by^ le French, and on the Coafls, there have been 6 cir roo Sail of Ships fiftiing at a time. Round the Great' Sank, which is cover'd when the Sea is high, and dry ^n fonie places at Ebb, there are 309 Fathom Wa* ter 14 Low- thorpV ruiof. trattf. Vol. III. p. 592. .,«.;y.il»& "Ki Thhidi- (MS* f'on all ff^hltiXi^ tM ^\)m4t ^ Ta^mllNifi^ nis tdSX^ lis BMat«9i;^m^ fi^ the prodt^io($ ^liahtity bf . Obcl theire^ flw MHjgt^t ibnnd yeairs agp u«/d to beth6 k:fticliiy of th^ Seaw mi uidkepti^aiWiday; butlstely tkeFifH^ ihy ^gtr V afid WheHas they us'd to iail belbre for ?0H#» |t.^^and'tHe5^rvl|ib#/m6k^irM^4r, dtey tiow feldom M ^tta^dWi^ tlOf fiidi alwa^' to the .day-time, the €kxl not^^t^^l^'NigHt : Ttaiti^ Oil is draWn olf tfaeO^ers of th« Filh^ which are throve up in Hesfii When the CcA '\%t\n% and thence there drains off the Oil whicli comes from iy^h^/iaid!;4Kr^/. The Set 6ff ^efe Banks are fometimes rendered nn^dJk % ^ting Iflands of Ice, which have- been often tMet With hereabouts bv^Voyagers/ particularly in Mty^ i4%*w2l Gei^tlemaii«[pmeward bbundfrom Vir&iHd^ EnglandyS wrote,' that ^e (aw off'bf the Banks oi Nm^- fmtdlandf fevetal prodigbus floating lAands of Ice v ^e Mafter of theShip^ at the Oehtleman's I^u^, ikird as near one of 'em as he durft fecurdy, and*twas )udg*d to be a fiill League in lengthy higher above Water than the Main-maft Top, and the Snow drove ^|o and fro upon it^ as on a large Rain-^ a great Flock of fmali blacK Bhersy about thei>igneavid Kirk's coming thither, to the Late War, there were none worth |r«m<;mbring y and what can vve expert of that nature iti i in the Qiftory of a FUu» (b poor, and ib v<>kl of vemmeitt? h&9t tbe R^viQlutkHi, an^ the brealUiig oat of the Wat:, tbtf Eogliih and Freiich Celt upon each other, a» often as they had any opportunity oi doing it w^ advantage. The EngUih leftan firft* and wiui 5 Men of War> theSLjUkans a Third Rate Frigat, carry^ ing ^g Guns, being Commadorei ittacWd Flactmi^ but were oblig*d to retreat, the French havine made better Preparations fot their Reception than uiey «k* pofted V but the latter were more fuccefsful in thoe iff9(^* Attpm^ on the Engliih, for in Stptemktr^ ispf, they came down upon our Harbours with 6 Men of War ^ the PHican^ DiamoHd, taken from the Englifli^ Coun^ df Tholtn^e^ fiarcourty PhUip^ f^endtmgi^ and {bni& Fiiretfhips and Galleys: .Off Cm Speary they canie up with the 5(^»rc.Friggat, Captain Ueasliof C^mniander, to whoni they gave Chaie. but he got into the Bay of J^jdU^ vifytre he did all ne could to fortify the Place in the little time he had to do it ; the£ngUfh who liv*d in that Harbour came to bis Aiiftance^ but on the approach of the French thev all rajir away^ On the x uh of Sepemherj the whole French Squadron came down upon the Saphlre^ and firV) with the utmoft Fury *, Captain Qeasfy wade a brave Defence for 2 hours, and hall'd moil of the Shifi^s Guns on her fide next the Enemy \ the French at the fame time made a Defcent, and having driven the Men that were afhore into the Woods» attacked the Sitpbire on all fides ^ the Captain finding 'twas impodfitble to maintain the Ship any longer, fet her on fire^ and •retired with his Officers and 31 Men to the Woods. When the S^iWtf was on fire, 40 French Men came aboard, endeavouring to extinguiih it, bntthey were all blown up intouie Airafli^nasthe Fire reach'd the Powder Room *, xoo more of the 5^ phires Crew getting aOiore, made the beft of their way towards FerrylaniL but were intercepted and taken ^y the Enemy ; Captain Cleasiy and his Compa* ny reach'd that Harbour, where he did his utmofl to defend the Settlement againft the French, who came and attack'd it. ' The 2 Ut of the fame Month they lan- ded 600 Men, who approach'd within Muskec-fhot very refolutdy, and the Englifh firing iqion them with e- qual 1 ReTolntion oblig'd them to halt ^ the Frenchfe- .yd ^eir Fire, and lent a Trampet to (atnmon em to fatrender. Captain CleasiQf feeing 'twas im- j^le for him to repel fo many Men with fo feW) me to a Treaty, and deliver'd up the Place, which as not tenable: Himfelf, his Lieutenant, and his 35 [im, were made Prifbners of War, and fent to < aice'^ hom whence they retnm'd to England by ;ichange \ and the French deftroy'd that and all the her Engliih Settlements, except St. Johf%^Bmtvyt^ A'Carkoneer Harbours. King William oeing in- rm*d what Damage they had done to the Eiiglifh ihore, and how they interrupted their Fifhery upon ieCoaft, ordered aSquadronof Menof War tohc . *^^7. iquip'd and Coitomandcd by Admiral Neyily and j?"^^ J06 Men were pttt aboard under the Command ^^stIoySi ir John Gibfin^ at prefent Deputy Govemour of ^iiJoa *enjmouth. Admiral NevH fail'd in the following |j^,^ ear, aiid arriving at Nemfowidland^ the French im* lediately abandoi?d all the Places they had taken rom the Englifh, on the South fide of the Ifland. ' 'lonfieur p0fmry was at die fame time on dieCoaft ith a Squadron of French Men of Wan and Admi« 1 Nevil fell in with Him, but loft him in a og. After this Siitjohn Gibjhn held a Council of War, and theSea-Officers aiufling at it, 'twas de« bated whithJRhey fhou'dperfue Pointy: The latter ^ were for it -, but the Land-Officers asainfl it, Poitty 'having more Ships than Nevil \ and if die Enelifh Ihou'cThave had the worfl of it, it had endanger'? the di of their Part of the Ifland. The Marquefs de Nefinond and Monfieur Pointy appeared off Sir. John^s Harbour with 15 Menof War, a few days afterwards, and Admiral Nevil had but 12 Ships of lefi Force in the Bay. He immediately fent notice to CaptDr^ftr, Commander of the Sea-Horfe^ in Scabereen Har- bour, that the French were on the Coafts, and bad him oe upon his Guard \ but the Enemy did not think I fit to attack ev'n that fmgle Frigot, for ^ar of daring I the EngUlh to a Combat. Sir John Gihfon'% Men be- ing very fickly, hinder'dhis doing any thine confi- ,- - derable by Land. He built a regular Fort at ^.JoM% co// Haa- Harbour, 'Which he call'd Fort Williamy and left ^0^g(;^ Col. Hmdafide^ the prefent Govemour of Jamaica ygrff^^^, C Com- \699o Catpain William Omimmiwc thorcu with Sd Ad^i; ato wUdilui In th« fallowing y«^. Captain JUiknis arriv'4at Suj4^'s Harbouf with a $quadc<^of A4cn of Vto,v aii^ikMl a CotnmiiUpn to be Governoiir at laiid alio^ Cplonel lian4<04«%m^ for Enghtd fooii alter, Cap- tain WHUjtm LUhim fiiccsededliim in the Command uS ^^^Q»xxiioninrm miliam% bttt there being P^ce Cffvemr ^"tish ir^wf , few Events wort% the Curiofity of #e | ' Reader l»ppen'^ in this Country ^ where the FHheiry notfbding dmurb'd^ new inhaUtanti ame every y the tbUowinfi year. Sir Jbulrew Lake arriv'd with a S^iuadron of Aten v Kins Wi^amy notwithftancHng it was a neaceable time, niinking. liie Newfmidiafidl Trade of fo much Importance, that 'twas worth Cdptm ; 1^ ^^^ to b« at the yearly charge ffrmr» ■r The JSfiory of Newfiniodland. 19 eontiniial play night and day, with Attacks and A- [iixmSf and at laft weary^d oqt with the vifforons ^emuice th6y made, retir'd, carrying if elTe^^ed, would be a Lofs to the Natran of ^ 00000 /, a year *, for §$ much it has cleared by this Trade on- ly. To defend themfelves till Supplies come from Eng- llmdj thtInhabitantsatSt.70ib»'sTown have now built their Houfes round the Fort, under the Command of the Cannon, for fear of any new Infult from the Ene- my 1 Within the Palifadoes drawn roimd this new Town, they have alfo built a Church, whofe Mintfler is the Reverend Mr. John Jackfen : Tis not (b big as I that which was deffaroy*d by the French *, who have not fince made anv further attempts on the EngUlh *. and thofe that left their Harbours, are fince return*d to them. 02 THE f 20 ■*ii^ MaaMi ■HM- THE ItsDifctm very* HISTORY O F NEW-SCOTLAND^ From its Discovery to the prefent Times. N Ova Scotia is part of the Terra Canadenps -, faid to be Brft difcover'd by fome Bretons in the Reign of Lewis Xll. but that was only en pajfant, Francis I. the French King, fent ^ohnVeraxjum^ whoniwem^ntion'dinthe HiHoty of NerijfohnMandy to take poflellionofit in his Name. yera^jLon landed in North Canada^ and pof* fefs'd himfelf of the Country that lies beyond the Ri- ver of 5Ir. Lawrence^ v^hich is noW the French Canada : | But of that part to the South^vard of the River, he made little or no DifCoveries \ for (oon after he land, ed in jicadij^ or New-Scotland^ the Savages fur- priz'd and murder'd, and fome fay, eat him up. The £wg/(//» always took jicadla to be part of North Virgi' nici j and indeed th - firft K/Vg/wV Company thought all was their own, which Ihou'd be difcover'd North- ward, and was not planted by any other European Nation. Sebajiian Cabot's having been there before the Brttonsy or rcraz.xMn^ by the uliial way of adjudging Kiiilit to the Weft-Irtdhs^ feem'd to give them the belt Title to it. The Princes of Europe thought they inightdifpofeofthe Dominions of tlie^i. ^'-^ 4i» ^ ^*/ Wai^t^^fl'a ^4^.^^' 3R><:. ^32^ -^ *t5k ^ ^ ru 4. JhncAs^ttr •J^u'wh Ct X/Unl j^ m. £^ h t . i mi .';■■ S* J' m i *■ i u • ■ . %■ *..l' • V' , -.^fr . , •Ia. • ,3^ »5 THE ISTORY OF WEW'EN GLAND C H A R L ^Mining dtf Account of its Difcovery^ Set* \tlementy IVsrsmth the LtdtMts snd French^ tmi s&^vems to the frefent Times. . ^ HIS Province being part of the Continent 1 5s j. wliich was diicover*d by Sir Walter Raw- ,„ ,. .;. /Ajgib's Servants, BarUmzxi(i Amdas^j and^^^ «»• by QateREIkjokth call'd Virginia ^ we refer » Reader to the Kiilory of that Country for afiirther count of its Difcovery. The (irft Man who landed ' of our Nation, ^N^sS^^tFralKisl>rak$y returning \ the We/t'Inaies^ in the vear 158^. Heftay'd xjSd*. or three days on the Coaft» and traded with die , r >ple for what he wanted. One of the Indian Kines mitted to Queen tUzAmh s a Snbmiflion whsoi lifyd no more than a Courtiers Compliment, [ptain Barlow^ and fuch as fiiil'd t^^-f^rgimd after generally went to South GtroUttOy and thole ion the Continent to the Southward of the Bay Chefeapeak which were all caU*d South Virginia^ as jfe to the Nordiward w«re Nmh fHrginia^ for icvc- ... , Cap- »6 Cipu Gof- nold*« Xtf02, firfiVro- f^ieters, 1606, pAr, Chal- lomfet out by tbem. CAptdin Hanham. Cipt, Pop- ham dni Captain Gilbert. The Hiftory of Nevi^-Eaghn^ Captain Bartholonuw Gofnold^ of whom we ha^c had Qccafionto (peak ia the fame HiAoryJ:hatwe.h9,v$j nienjtion'd above,, h4S the firft Engliihman who juai any confiderable ftay in this Country : He was very well treated by the Savages \ and traded in the Latitude of 43. where i he made land near Pifcatawt^ River *, but not liking the Weather he met with there he ilood more to $he Southward : Hejfaird all Kigl and next Morn^g %ind llimfelf^^bayH wtthlr mighty Head of tan9, which Prbm^ntoUjy he^ieat Cape Cod, from the vaft quantity of Cod-fifti he tookl there \ 'tis the Northern Pdint of Plymouth County:! He alto gave the name of Martha's Vineyard, an| EUzjtbtfh'liknd^ to twojflandsilvirtgftorfie ^uthj ward of th(e Cape, ilvhtre fame dr M^Ci^ev^ mitde ani Experiment how Englifli Corn would grow^ and before they went, they faw what. they had fown come| up very kindly. The Reputation lofthjs place, by tihe Charafter Caj tain Gofmld had given it, put fome Gentlemen u| begging aGrant^of it>,^and this is the Charter have mentioned in the abbVe-Cited - Hiftory to graiitted to Thontds Hknham, Ranftetgh GUbert^ lVHli\ am ParktTy George Papham, Eic}mres ^ ana atberl of the Town of Plimouth', &c. to plant where theyJM think fit and convenient, between 3 8 and 45 Degrees A Northern Latitttde.y The Lord Chief Tuftice Pophanij Sir Perdinahdo Gorges (jtovernoutcf Pmiouth, and ffr veral other Weft-Couriti^y Gentlemen and Merchants were concern'd in this Company ^ yjrho, in j^ugvja 1606, fet out a Ship -for a Voyage to North fHrginiul There were about 3 o Men ab<>ard j And the direftioB of the Affair was given to Mr. Henry Chailms : whfl fail'd as far as the Spariifli Ifles ^ and falling in with i Fleet bf Spaniards^ Was taken, and fent Prilbner to Spain, together with afl his Companions *, where k and tney were batbkroufly treated. Thothe Advettj turers were very mach difconrag'd by this ill Succefi| yet the^ Lord Chief Jbftice Pofham quickly after fei out another Ship, commanded by Captain Hanho) one of the Pattentees *, who made fuch Difcoverics, thofe who fell off before, refolv*d now to ad>5enture a] gain 5 and accordingly Captain Popham, aiw Captair GUbertj two others of the Pattentees, were difpatch'd ' > awayj y with Two Ships, loo Men, Ordnance, Stores, d Pijvifions, for a Plantation. Thefe Gentlemen iv'd tiicrc in the year itfoS. and (eated themfelves »^o8. utthe River (^ Sagadahock'm Noremhegua-^ At the _ juth of which River, they built Sr. Gearge^s Fort : lut Captain Popham dying, and Captain Gilbert be- g oblig*d to return to England^ to take po(Ie(fi6n of 1 Eftate which was fairn to him by the Death of his Ider Brother Sir John Gilbert^ at that time Prefident the North Virginia Company, the new Plantation .s broken up, and the Planters re-imbark*d for Eng- ui. Things lay thus till the year itfii. and then xtfii, ne of the Mventurers, who had more Courage than ,ereft, and was loth to lofe the Country, fitted out w Ships, commanded by Captain Hobfin^ andCap-Cipwfe in jfierly, and accommodated with Men, Arms, Am- Hobfon unition, and Provifipns, for a new Settlement : But^^^^^P' e Hind an Interloper, fet the Savages againft them JJf" ^^^ on their Arrival^ and the Indians aflaulting them, ^* ■ounded many, tho they kiird none. Captain Bob- V perceiving was to no pnrpofe for him to ftay ere, and coming thither to trade, and not to war, ii*d home again to England: However, notwith- Sanding all thefe Difcouraeements, the Trade was fo ineficial by the Furrs, and other Commodities, that ere brought thence, that four Gentlemen, Captain , mden^ Captain Langham^ Mr. Bulfy^ and Mr. Skelton^ t out two good Ships at their own charge, to make eace with me Indians, and renew the Tramck: The lommand of the Ships, and the Management of the dventure^ was given to Captain ^^wilw/^w/ffc, whohadC;i^d and Plimouthj which were loaden with Fifli and Trail -.|-i ? t» Oil •, and (old their Commodities at good Rates i 5p<//fl;i to /ftf//W*, wher Robinron.jho ^hey had the Liberty of their Con fcienccs, y they found a great many Hardfiiips and Inconveniences; and thought by removing to jimerica^ they miehl not only nave the fame Liberty of Confcience, B more Opportunities of providing for their Famili King Jamts^ by Sir Robert Nanton^ the Secretary State's Mecliation, confented to their tranfportir themfelves thither. Sir Robert ask'd the King, Th< fuch a People might enjoy their Liberty of Confcience, w dtr his Gracious Proteilion^ ill America •, vphere thd "' ' ■ TPOUiil •t%e HSfio^y of Kew-inglanil 29 ij indeavow the Advancemtm of his AIajefiy*s Do^ . umsj and promote the Go/pel, The King reply'd, *Twas a good and henejk Prapofal, Mr. Brewjter (for Mr. Robmfon did not live to go in Perfon) made an A- jreement with the Company for a large Traft of Land 1 the South- Weft parts ofNevhEmland, He and his Jlompanions embark'd at Delfts and fail'd to Somhamp^ ton\ where they met another Ship, that went with *iem, having feveral DifTenters aboard, who, told him, the Confpiracy that tU Mitffathufets*^'^ *** had form'd againft the Engliih, and advis'd him to fill ^* upon them before they could execute it. Fhe Engliih at Weymouth were fo infulted by them, that their Lives were precarious, the Savages taking t\it Provi- fions out of their very Fort, and threatning to cut the Throat of any Man that durft call them to ac- count for it. Thefe things being reprelented by UxWm/lm and WeJton*s Men to the Plimouth Coior.^, they took it into Confideration how to proceed in tn^i: Matter •, and in the mean time theGovernourord^r\^ Capt. Standijh to ^o to Weymouth^ and defend the Engliih there againft the Savages, notwithftandinjt they had by their Diforder* brought this Danger upoii themfelves, and all their Countrymen. Wnen Mr. Standijh came among them, he found the Indians as it were Mafters of that fmall Colony, and they us'dhim as ill as they did the Inhabitants ^ flfeywcwf/;. He had but 8 Men under him \ with wLnm however cbiftis% he fell UDon the Indians, kill'd (bme of the Chief of 'em, and drove the reft to the Woods. Among thefe Indians^as Wivmamet Iiefore-menti- on'd, a Bullying Bar b^an, and an Enemy to the En- gliih \ and ontPeckfnatf a Fellow of Gygantick Sta- ture. With thefe two, Capt. Siondijh and another Englilhnun foucht,and kiU'd them on the Spot n lair Combate. He (jhallerfg'd the Sachem ofthsMalJ^ :hy^ jets to decide the Controvcrfy, the fame way which D the i4 Jtejf fuh" mit. 'Jlll riniot.th Liuuh The ^fmi of New^EagUfidL the Barbarian refWd p do: [hnA^Ax^Stmdiflj having . |Kat : oev>^ life in^o Wffion*^ Men, by his Example and Aififtar .^, they fdl upon the Indiane^ swho tied from 'f m with Tertor.and Precipitation at the noife of Sieir Guns. Thefe Indians wer« (iich as liv'd near- ^^^cW^wouth Settlement, and they givinfjr the AUarm -to the reft, tm whole Nation was immediately up in t Arms. At the approach of the EqgUfh they difper«?d \ \ fo'C^pt. Standi ffittmm-d in Triumph to PUtmuthytM- rying with hijnfi the Head of Wimvametj which an Indian in that Town feeing, was fo dej^ftecl. That be- in^ queftion'd upon it, he confeft thel/(/^^^i//ffi,and I thi nvher IndianNations in Allyance with them, deiigns I «i;i*.ift the Englifti. This Savage they releas'd, and ff >£ to the Sachem to let him know. That they 'A^ete provided to receive him \ and if he attempte5,j «iii ' thing againft the Peace of the King of England^ '^^\iy\i^s at Weymouth^ they wou'd feverely revenge it. Upon which the King fubmitted, and beg'd Par- ve either to the other at PUmouthy or [ return to Oid England. Tist'Mewelhou'dtake fome notice of Mr. Brevhl fiery w'lO was the next Founder of this Settlement to Mi'. f.Qifinfo»j and may tndf.\' be reckon'd the firft^ becaufe he came over, a 'id liv'd and dy'd here. Tho he was a Lay'Man^ yer, according lo the Terms ofl their Religion, jb a Ruling Elder ht- might teach andf perform all tlie other OflRc«*of the Miniftry, except difpcnfi/ig the Sacraments, vmich he was not qualify'd by Ordination to do. So tneie NeW'Englmd Men coiuinn'd without a I\iftor till the Year 1 629 'y when Mr. Ralph Smith arriv'd from f.vfijimdy and took upon him the Government of tlie Church at PlimeuthA With him came the firft Black Cattle thither, which have ne fftpoTji tf New-tEngland. jj; Itave (b multiply'd, that for many years this Colony I Ms Tupply'd the Sugar-Iflands with Provifions as much as any, or all the reft, or Old Engf^nd it felf. Mr. Smith prov'd to be a Man of very ill Morals ^ and for that, and his writing Home againft the People of , IfewEnglandy which the Governour diicover'd by intercepted Letters, He was expeird Ae Planta- Ition. While the Coloiiy at PUmouth by their Planting, I Fiihing, and TrafRcV, were growing rich and nu- lincrous, feveral Worthy Perfons, encourag'd by I die Prolpeft of Advantige, and others aninuted bv 2feal for the Propagation of Religion, refolv'd to make Settlements in other Parts of the Coun- Itry. The chief of thefe was Mr. White Minifter ^f Worchefiery who having engag'd feveral Gentlemen in the Deiign , they lent Mt.Roger Cmant with fome Men land Nfceffi^ries, to fettle about Cape Am^ the Nor- pern Promontory of Maffachufets Bay. Mr. Qmatit [was foon weary of his Poft and about to return, ivhen he receiv*d encouraging Letters from Mr. iVhite^ ififuring himj That he wou'd procure a Patent for him and his Companions, and feafonable Supplies of all Hings : Upon which he ftay'd and look'd out for a jore commodious Place to build a Town upon. Ar.WhiteJii he had promis*d,by follicitins the Matter irenuoufly did it to effeftually, That feveral of his "tends purchased of the NonhVirginia. Company y calPd, he Council of Plimouth, that Part of New England vhich lies b^itween the River Merimack and Charles- Uver in the bottom o^ Maffachufets Bay. The chief tf thefe were. Sir Henry Hcfwelly S\r John faungy iir Richard Saltonjtally Ifaac Johnfon^ Elq*, Matthevp \radocky Efq', TheonhUus Eaton^ Merchant, Thomas mhcoty Eiq-f and Mr. John ren. They bought all k Company's Ri^ht and Intereft, and obtain'd Grant of the King, bearing Date in the Year U28. To hold their Lands in Common Soccage as ot the Kfjg. fianner of Eaft-Greenwich, and an Aflurance ot Pro- Maflachu- tion in their Liberty of Confcience, and for all luch Tet Cciony, (hould remove thither. Several of them accord- tigly went over with their Families, and carry'd with J?"ddodc m as many as they cou'd engage to accompany them, g, ' q^^ * f thefe Matthew Craddocky ETqj was appointed (jCyJ^^^r. D a vernour. % I. iV ltf2p. John En 36 The Hifiory of Ncw-Englahd. nour^ who feated himfelf at a Place call'd Nahem" keik by the Indians, to which thefe Nori-conformifts gave the Name of &/tfw, about 8 Miles Northward r» ^ New-Bflglaiifd. ^9 0er, hearing of another Bay to the South-weft of Ow mitieut, and expefting more Families to follow them from England^ parehas'd of the Proprietors, all the Land that lay between them and Hudfm's Rivet- wiiich divides the Southern parts of New^England from NewTork v and remov'd thither ift the year 1 63 7. where they feated themfelves in a pleaiant Bay ^ ' ^3 ?• and Huilt Newhaven^ which gave name to the Colo^ New Ha- ny j Guildfordj Milfard^ Stantfordy atid Brainford.vea CoJo- Tho they had a Right to the Lands by parchafe. they tiy. Jiad none to a particular Government y yet they form'd themfelves^ by mutual Agreement, into a Body PoU*. tick. Thefe Men who fettled here, were generally Lon* doners and Merchants *, and apply*d themfelves atfirfl ' „ . . to Trade j choofing Mr. Eaton^ who had been bred a j^^ ^ / " Turkey Merchant^ for their Governour : But they ^y^. ^^. met withfo many Lollesi, that they were difcourag'd vemur, in their Traffick, and were going to transport thehv felves to MarylaneL Jamaica^ or Ireland '^ where th^ Parliament had offef'd 'em the City of Gailmaykk their Dwelling, with large Privileges >: At laft turning their Induftry to Husbandry, they thriv'd wonder^ fally, and thought no more of removing, Mt, Eaton 16^7: dying in the year i^» Gf<»ver?7or. Wimhrop Jun. Efquire, to be their Governour, and Connettir Mr. Land laid down their Halberrs : Mr»1Viit' throp, inftead of punifliing the Serjeants for their Info- lence. ordered his own Servants to tak€ them up, anct wou'd not (ufFer theMagiftratesto puntih the CMfen* ders. Th&Attinonuan and Familijtieal Fa£^ion$ were ths mdSt Rampant, and thefe he was very Inflrumental in fuppreiting, by getting an Order paft for baniihing the Ciiicf ofthem : Himielf pronounced the Sentence of BaniOiment, and their Friends, who cou'd not call him to account as Governour^ did it as he was a Member of the Church, and obliged him to vindicate himfelf before the Congregation, which he condelcend- ed to doyand was iufti^doy them. The^e Heats had like to have fpread as far as Pli/mufhy and have crea- ted a difference between the two Colonies ^ but Mr. Winthrofs Moderation triumphed over all Diffi- culties, and prelerv'd the Peace of the Settlements. The Troubles of the Diflenters Continuing at home, { Sir Matthew Beyntm^ Sir William Cwiftahhy Sir At' thur Ha/lirig^ John HamfdenjES^Olpvtr Cr$9meUfSt^^ 1 l^ames too well known in the Hiilories of EnglaudfUii iremoveto State Procla- mation was IfTu'd forth, to refrain the diforderly troth [porting his Me^efiy^s Suije^s to the Plantations^ without 16 i7, a Licence from his Majejty*s Commiffioners : And an Or- der was made in Council, That the Lord Treafurer of \ Encland, Jhould take fpeoM and effoBualCourfe to /tif eight Ships in the River «/ Thames, bound for New-En- gland, and command tkiat all the Pajjfengers and Provifi* onsfhmdd he landed* All Unconformable Minifters were | alfo to be ftopp'd v which proceeding, fays a DoAor of our Church, increased the Mwrnurs and Complainti ef the People thus refirain*d^ and rais'd the Cries of 4 deuble Perfecution '^ to be vex*d at home^ andnotfu/or'd fofeek Peace or Refuge abroad, 'Tis true, the vait Num- bers of People that tranlborted themfelves to jimeri' cay if it did not make the Government jealous that |hey might throw oif their Dependance oh tbif Crown, as well as on the Churcl^ yet it coo^ not but give Tit IS/IM9' >^ NeWffilQjuid. 41 J ill Idea of that Cleiiienqf to vi^iich it pFettnded, id which is the diftingaifhing GharH^er of Chriflir; m Rulers. Sit Hettry rant y jvn, with near twenty Jir Hfenry Sail of Ships in hifi Company^ viiited NeHfEmtaridVgncyiim, ihaat this time, and was dhokfn OuverOour of Ma(fa- Govervor, Mets G)Iony. He went over by the King's Coofent, and his Ma^cfty commanded Old Sir Skiiry^ who iwas againft the \oyage, to ^ive hi& The young iGentleman deiig^'d to refide in CotnuSiim Colony \ Ibat the Compliment pflft upon him by that of Magk" \chufety alter'd his Refoliition. He became here a Imore figid Non^conformift than he was before ^ and [when he returned to Englmdj wad fo aftive againft the Royal Family, that itcoft him his Head, inth« I Year i66i» The Plantation of Nevp-Eng/iand en- Icress'd (b in a few Year& That>^o 1(^40. Thers [were 4.000 Men there, befldes Wonlen and Children. They had ou^ftripp'd all the dther Englilh Settlqj Jments in Amerka^ and probably wou'd nave grown liliU more numerous^ had not the Civil War mBn*- ulm^htdlit outv affd put a ftop to Peoples removing pn fuch Multitudes till after the Reftoration. Th» [Colonies were often mifrcprefented by their Eniemiesi| I who had driven them out of Ea^dy as a FaAiousy Schifmatical Company of Peribns^ who wou'd in tim« endanger the Stite; Tho thofe wer ; diftant and Chi- merical Viewi, yet they had like tojiave ruin'd the Plantations in Nem-EngUmd in Kine Charles the Firfl's Opinion, had ftot MuWin/lm of Plimoufh Colony undertaken their Defence : And accordingly hewen^ to Englandy vindicated them at the Council-Board, and wip*d off thofe ill Impreffions, which th«Oo- vernment had receiv'd of them from their implacable Adverfariei. For which Service, when hereturn'di the Colony of PlitKdiah chofe him their Oover- nourf whofe Prefence being aaain neceflary inEtf* wand. Mr. Bradford was reftor'd to his Govtrrnmen^ and Mr. Wift/ia» vrent agajn to Court, where he was €mploy*d by rile Poweis then in being, and never re» tarn'd t6 NttfEngland ^ but he did them all the goo# Offices he coul by (blliciting their Affairs. Tho thefe Settlements Wire fcparaie ^rifdiAions, yet they were like the ZMittd ?rvt/W^j,confederated into one League I for the Common G«od ^ them all : which Confute- 44 Tire fSfh^f if New-Ei4gland. . nc^aft^r feveral frnitlefs Eflays to brine it abonti TkCtffo- wasefle£^ed in theY^ar i6^$. and they became in fifes wikei,Tai€t aswellas Name ^tVmtedCotonies:^ they Formed and Sign'd an Inftrament^ declaring. That they oH came into thofe Parts of America with the fame End and JUnff to advance the Chri/tian, Religion^ and enjoy the Liberty of their Confciences witkfurin and Peace. It was firmly agreed between the f^r Settlements, that there ihou*d yearly be chofen two Commiilioners out of each,who fhou'd meet at fit Places appointed on par- g^fejWith full Powers firom the General Courts in each olony, to concert and conclude Matters of General Concernment : As Peace or War,or any thing relatitig to the Wel&re of tlie Confederacy. Tnus they fettled their Polity or Civil Government, and by Synods of | their Clergy *, they did the fame by their Ecclefiaftical declaring, That the Church ought to be governed by Pref- hytersj Eldersy 8cc as will elfewhere. be ihown more largely. They began very early to Found a Col- l^a^t itt Cambrsdgey before C2M*d New-Tovm^ where they eftablifti'd a Univerfity : Which was be^un about the Year 1^30. when Mr. John Harvard Mini\ \ Mr Tohn ^^^ ^^ Ojorles-Torm near Bofion^ dying, left almoft Harvard ^^^ ^' ^^ ^ ^^^ ^"^ ^"^ carrying on the Defign, and Founds be is looked u|>on as the Founder of the Firft College, I Harvard- which from him was call'd /f^irv^ri/'College. The CoUege, Foundation was incorporated by the General CourtyAn^ i6\0y and the Univerfity has fince flourifii'd io much, ' that there is now another College built, and 2 or 300 Students. We ihall treat further of theiVhp- Enjdtmd Accademy in the following Chapters. The People of this Province appjyins themfelves moft by Husbandry, Tillage and Pafture \ fheir Trade confided chiejfy in Corn and Beef, whitlh they exported to the Sugar-Ulands^ In Fifti, which they fent thither and to the Streights \ In Oil and Luoiber. which they Shipp'd to all the Places where they had any Commerce. Their Luaiber is Timber, Bo^rdsi Mafts, Pipe-ftavcs, Hoops, all good Commoditief in lie m/t'Indies, They alio fell to building of Ships, which Trade has fo encrea^'d, that it has iSen a Com' | mon Thing for the Merchants of London to have Ships built at Bofion^nd other Parts of NewEnglandy(or the IVefi-IndiarTtdidt *, and there have been more Ships built ■ in ^i New-Ettgloffd^thm in all the other Province^ oi^mi* //r^ rabje£V to the Crown of England, The Qdorfy [of M^achitfet thriVd more than theother thre& ana therefore we Oiall be the more particular in its Hiftory. In the Year 1545. Mr. Dudlnf was again chofen Governour,and MrWinthrop was his Depu^^ At which time there happen'd a fort of Tumult in the Town of \Hmgham in Sifiitlk County, Whither Mt^JVimkrop ' went to appeaie^ the Mutiny, by interpoHne his Aa^ thority : Upon which the^editious petidon'a the the Ifoir, held ^ indim pjftol at his Breaft V a«^ «oW him, tmltft he delwer'i hit Homages ^ and paid his Debts te the Colony ^ b W(M|^d kill him -, which the Barbarian promised to dc anddid accordingly, not one of his Attendants darin^ tO'i^AiA: him. iJiere were ieveral Rumours of Conj %»ril€iesand intended MalTacres: But they all va-1 fixfl)1^, and while Old England was rent and torn tq| pieces l)v inteftine Wars, New-England enjoy'd prbfound Peace. Mdi of the American Colonies c the Revolutions^ after the Death of t)» King, Pro-I daim'd King cW^xIi and flood out ag^inft thel Commonwealth, hoxNev^England\ whole Principlesl were nearer the Conftitution of the Re|)ublick than I ^ other Settlements, willingly fubmitted to that Government', and feveral conHderable Gentlemen re*| mo^'d to Old England^ to come in for a fhare, with] theif Puritan Brethren^f the Spoils of their Enemies, %nd the Benefit of Po{l$ and Offices, which now were wholly difix)s'd of by them. N4any of the NewEn- gland Diviiles left thole SaniHfy*d Regions, as they are |>leas*d to term them, and camd^^to England : Among cbe Gentlemen, wer« Mr. Win/low Govemour of I F/fi»c»ui^' Colony, who left his Government inA- mericay for a Commidioner of the Navy's Place at home y EdvMrd Hopkinsy Efq^ Govemour of { Comte&ii-vty of whom mention has been made al- ready : Mr. Ceo, Domiingy afterwards Sir Ceorge^ Sit Aemyf^aney and others. Of their Miniflers were Mr. William Hooky who thought fit to leave his Flock ftt Nevf-Haven in New-Englandy for the Maflerfhipof the Savoy in Old England, Mr. Rohert Pecky Mr. ffughPeterSy who left his Church Kt Salemy for a Chaplainv ^evertl Perjoifs fir- move to £i)|^land. .jiin-flrip to CrttmeU^ Mr. &«w^/ .MkrW; Blimnan of ^r«|fi ot Lmdm^ Mr. FirtumoX Londmu and many ^ , who were filenc'd after the Kings Reftorati- ii, but had either fach £ood Congregations in pri- [re, or had heap'd up fuch fair Provifion in the Da^ ^ their Domination, that they did not care to crofi V Atlantkk again, to by their Bones among the mhren. We muftnot omit aPa^e in the Hi- i>ry of NsW'Endand about this time, which relates ^ Vermer the Finn Monarchift , who was one ot Hugh V<^er n€9*s G)ngrcgation at SaUm. This Fellow was by •*? '^^e- iade a Cooper, but very mutinous in Publick Mat- ("'^*'«*«» [rs: He would fain have perfwaded a Company of SJiiK bopie to have abandon*d the Settlement at Maffa- ^^"' \vfst Colony, and have remov*d to Providewe^ one T the ^«:i/r<;f;if;9 Iflands. They petitioned the chief Maeiftrates for leave to do •, and an Ailembly was held to conflder the Bufi- 'sfs. The Magiftrates aflifted by the Minifters, de- ar'd, thatfor fcveral Reafons by them alledg*d, they lid not admit of their Propoial : Upon wmch Fm- tr flood up and (aid, according to the Cant of the ice and limes, Notwithfianding what had been ^^ \r"dy they were clear in their Call to renwve. But his impanions nut being (b mad as himfelf, there were Attempts made togetoff tumultuoufly, which f^m- Irr was ready to have done, if any one wou'd have ap- )mpany*d him. The Colony ox Mi^achufety on theMafla- teath fxjehn Wmthrop Efquire, who died March 2ff, chufct. J' 9. choTe T)!;*]9Jtw^/ur year& the Inhabitants would have eleAed Joil^ff '^Y ^/f ; ft^es Elquire to fupplyhis place, but that Gentle- ^<'^*''"*'- Jan removing to OmneUicut^ JohnEndicottSq^ was,'*^^^*, nofen Goverhour; ^xi6 Edward GibbonsE{x\A\xcctQ'^^"*^J^^^' ed him as Major General of the Militia. Plimeuth. clS^t it Mother-colony of the Aree others, had the mil- pumouth wtune 3 or 4 years afterwards, to be depriv*d of her Colm, Id (jovernour Mr. Bredford^ who died May the j>fk |^^i5»r»/s Grandfather. On his Arrival in /^7^^ England^ the two United Colonies made him their Conneai- Govemour ji and Mr. John We^Jter OovernOnr of™' ^ CmneBicuf Coldny^ and Mr, JlVlltiam LeetGov«timt^^^l^ of that of Newhavenf refign*d their Charges into His »>! ^. Itthds v^he New Colony choofing Mr. Leet to bei^^, their Deputy Governour. There were ibme Mem- John bers of thefe two Colonies who oppos'dthisUnionyWiachrop but the major Tart were for itj and they prevail'd : sf^ Go- And by the Moderation and Prudence of their G9? »'*'*»^» vemour. Mr. Wi»r/r<^ they werefoon all reconcil'd *^^*» totheUnion^. While thefe things Were tranfa^ling, Mexanieri Son of JiSi/pi^ir, fbllidted the Narrt^amfits to revolt \ Which Mr. Prince^ Govemour of Plimouth hearing, ient JoJ^ Wtftflm, ECq-, Who at that time Copimanded the Militia of the Settlement^ to feize him *, which he did at a Hunting-Houfe of his, and brought him Priibner to Plimouth *, where he dfd of Grief and Rage. His Brother Philip fucceeded him, "and was a Plague to the Englifli, notwithftan-^ ding he had renewxl the League with them, and Tworn to the Arid Qbfervance of it. But he gave I them no difturbance till about nine Years after his Brother -/^^tf^WwVDeath, Twas now that the Province of New-Englatid was become a powerful Nation. The City of Boftm^ the Metropolis, being as big as moil of our Epifcopal Sees in England^ and containing no Ie($ than x2 or 1 14.000 Souls. For after the fevere Aft*: call'd the [Banhelonulo-A^y which (bme pretended Church of \Endand Men prpcur'd, to turn above three Thou- fand as good Proteftant Miniflers as any in the World oat of tneir Livings, many of them remov'd to New England \ and were follow'd by fome hundreds of Fa- milies, who fear'd the fame cruel Treatment from Arch-Bifhop Sheldon^ who had been a Creature of Doftor Laud\ as they had met with from that Pre- late. The whole Number of Inhabitants in this Co- lony were computed^ to be near one hundred Thou^ fand *, and ibme of ihofe who came over, bringing £ good ^0 ' the mfih i^^ew^Bb^Mt ^ gM Eftates with them, the Englifli fiU'd their Towm; and exCeild^ their Limits. Su^h was th6 I jtf 5. Oerteral State of the Colonici in the year 1 66^, whe^ Maflachuvfhar6f ;4/d!(r^j^mbiff the Death of their Govcr- XT ^u^^' ny 800 Indians. The Captain thinking he ^u'd fucceed bettpr by fighting as the Savages did, skulking behind Trees, and aimmg at fingle Perfons, exposed his Soldiers to the Ruin that follow'd, 60 of them being kill'd on the foot. Captain A/w/i?/)/ hear- ing the Noife of the Fire, naften'd to relieve Ltthrop^ but he came too late : He broke his way throuah the Barbarians five or fix times*, and witli a handful of Men kiird almoft too of the Enemy, loofing no more than 2 of his own. In this Aftioii fell Captain AndCafu Lathrop^ and above 70 of his Men, the greatefl Slaugh- Lailuoi). ter that.-'cver Jiappcn'd till that Day oT the Neivttig- land Chridians. The Indians encourag'd by this Succefs, fell upun ^pripg-field , (the Hoftages they had given for their ^ J pfc- 5* Jniinm ^ norfted. The Hifiarjfof Ncw-EogUnA preferving the Peace, flying before they came) difiy Durnt 3 2 Houfes, and among the reft, the Minifter Mr. Brewer% together with his librVy h smd had cut the Throats of all the Inhabitant^, had notaniiq- neft Indian reveal'd their Defignto theni time enough, be^re 'twas executed, for them to re^re to the for- tily'd parts of the Town. Th<& General Court fitting atf 0^0;f,/drder'd all their Forces to rendezvous about iV0rri[7tfi»^0ff, Hadl^^ and Ha^eldj for the Security of thofePlaces. Ofwhich Orders tlie Indians having no libtice, and growing bolder by Succels, 8oo of them broke in upon Hah- field -, but the Englifli being prepared to receive them, the Enemy were (oon beaten out of the Town, - and the Weftern Counties were for a long time free from their Incurfions, except now and then fbme Straglers com- mitted a few Robberies. Thefe Indians fled to the NarragantfetSy and were entertain'd by them : U^n which the Commiflioners of the United Colonies, who were aflembl'd on this Emergency, refolv'd 'twas a Breach of the Peace \ and underftanding that Na- tion intended to begin a War in the Spring, were be- fore-hand with them *, and in the Winter fent Mr. Winjhw^ Governour of Plimouth Colony, with looo Men, to invade their Territories General Win/low being joyn'd by the Comethcut Forces, march'd up i8 Miles in the Enemies Country, attacked the Savages in a Fort they had rais'd in an Ifland, of about 5 or « Acres, and taking it by Storm, put 700 Indians to the Sword, befides 300 which dy'd of their Wounds, and a vaft number of Old Men, Women and Chil- dren, who had crowded into the Fort, which was thought impregnable. The General loft in this gal- lant A^ion 8 J Men and tf Captains, Capt. JDavenport^ Capt. Gardner^ Capt. Johttfin^ Capt. Gallops Opt. Sealy^ and Cant. Marfljally and about ijo En^lifh were wounded. This was thebefl Fortification the Barbarians ever had, being fo ft reri^then'd by Nature, that they wanted not the Arts of Europeans to fortify it. The Savages had never fuch a terrible ^ow given them, and they cou'd never recover the Lofs they fiiffer'd. After this the EngUlh had fomc flight Ad- vsjitages more in the Winter, and then returned to their Quarters. Meridham not being tenable, theyde- • ferted 7l!« l8?/fe»7 «f New 55 ferted i^ and thV Indians laiditin Aibei. Th^French itCattadaj tho tkete was no War hetween Erf^a/td and France^ (ent them AfOftance, and they fell upon Lan- jiffiflei fijl^^r, burnt feveral Houfes, kill'd and carry'd away *)' the into Captivity above 40 Perfons, among whom was^''**^** the Minifter Mr. Rkhardfm's Wife and Childrnfi. He was then at Bofion folliciting Succours, and found his Houfe and Library in Afhes when he return'd. and heard the dreadful Tidings of his Family being led a- way into Slavery by the Barbarians, who had bneen forc'd to leave the place by Captain Wadfwortk They did further Mifchief at Marlborough^ Sudburvy Chelmf- /«rnthe(e Settlements, de-l ftroy'd many of them, and kill'd jo Men, not witf^l out lofing twice as many of their Countrymen.1 Mr. Wakcly of Cafcoy his Wife and Children were butchet'd by them, as was Capt. Thomas Lake m jirrsrvfm Itoi 'The Govettmi^At - of Mtfitinffit iony Kearing of thefe Mardeif^ lent Ca{»t.<^l#- iom. with Forces to fubdue them ^ this'Qehtli- ianfurpriz^Gi 400 of them, as they were comnie , Deftroy Major Waldeif% Houfe at (habktWi p? hpm half werer fold as Shrires f6t ihsvc Rebemf^-^ id the reft on Promife of liitnre Obedience, difinift'tf*, ! i x^ hich «ive Peace to the Colony for feveral y6ar^4^,«^?^» loft cJ thefe Events happened between the Yejtf , ^P^Jf «»" \67ty and itfrtf. land tho tney are not ib important, '" "" the Great Actions in Flanders and 5jfM««; Which cut «i4 Newha- vcn CoUh JVC lately rais'd the Wonder of the whbk World, »|^, [et the Valour of thefe Englifh Captains in Amtrka w. Lect, [eierves to be remembered, and the Reader will, Wd J^; c?o-' |oubt not, be diverted with their Hiftory. ■ vtrmw. A fc'.v Months before the War was at an end, d^^ Maffiichu- ir. Winthrop Govemour of CormeElicut Colony, and [et CoUmy^ facceeded by Mr.Z^fr, who had formerly beeh ^^-.^rad- irnour i and two Years after dy*d Mr. ^^'^S!SS^» iovemour of Magatkufit Colony, whofe Place, wks pS^!!!!!i: fifdhf Simon Bra4/ireef,E(q:; who had ferv^J the ciw tlement in ftveral Capacities. Mr. Winpw Qo-Mr, [ernor of PlinOuth Colony dying about ChriJfmaSyTteit Uso. was fucceeded by Mr. 7reat^ in whofe Tiftife Coventor, he Charter granted to this and the other Set- 1583. lements in Nevh^nglandy (bfFer'd the lame FateH.Cran- ;ith thofe of the Chief Corporations in Enildnd-^^^d, Efa )m Warranto*s were brought againft them,and a Judg- ^^""^or lent entered up in Chancery : Upon which King ?„f7f ^' Mes II. fent over M«ry (>^M Efq-, to bt Go- t:Emmif. rernour 01 Nn»-Englmd *, and King James arbitrarily ^„ yy.^^^/ IflTum'd the Power of making Govemours, Deputy- the Kjng, hrovernours, Magiftrate^ Judges, Officers of the mr Ue colo- litia. and depriv'dthe Colony of NeW'England of (til nies lofe \er Privileges.' He impos'd a Governour on that Re- their Vri- mblickf wtthaCommiJJioWy by which he and three or'^'^^ges* mrmore of their naming^ had Power to make what i*8j. Laws they pleas' dy and levy Taxes upon the People ac-i^^^X^ fording to their own Humour, In the Year itfSj, Jo- ^^J* uph Dudley^ Efq^ Son of Mr. Thomas Dudley, was ap- W //' pointed Prefident by the King's Commiflion. The^^Jj^'JJ.^^. Llefted Govemours were all tum'd out of their gijnji ^- Bveral Governments, and the Form of the Ad-,jteJC<^V liniftration quite chang'd. This Gentleman vftscommiffi' . theoir. tli^e iiiore acceptable to the Pebple of Nm EttgU b^jafe of his Fjither^s Services an4 Merit, and that he iivas a Native of that Province y but his fkvo vin^ the Chorch andOoverntnent of E^and at th 5'X'ime made him many^Enemies. He dia not \Lt^\ Foil long y for in the Year i ^ 8^, S^ Edmund Aidi Jirld- ^ttiy'd there from England^ with a Comn)iilion to] niundAn-rGovernour of the Country. How welcome dros^o- was to the People, we may imagine, when www. confider by whom, and over whom he was in^Power. Twas not likely that a Perfon \vl| ^came on thofe Terms, ihou'd be very well belov'd or; that one who, fays a" iVinp-fw^/^w/rf Hiftorian i Cot. Mat, ipreacher, aEied by an Illegal^ Arbitrary^ Treafom„ CommUfiony ftiou'dgain the good Opinion of the Pa pie: And indeed his Government is reprefentedl •that Author, to refemble his Mafter King Jami/Sy the Courfe of it, as it did in the Coniequence. Tm in his time that Capt. William Phips^ :a Native of m . $tfglandy went from thence to Lm^im% to rollicite foa »vSl;-«^o»>l«'"«n and Gentlemen, to undertake tnAdvd f ffr"*,ture for the Wreck near Port. ^f/^P/^^ii. WhiJ he prevail'd with the pul^e of Mberm^rlt^ and othe to employ him aboiit;^ and he was fo fortunate ast hit upon the Ship where the Silver h*s and Mr. Bujj^^s Familie tt Keneiunk'^ and committed (b many Outrage that at laft' Sir Edr^md Andros with xooo Mei mareh*d into the Eaft, built a Fort at Temma^uU aniQ^erat Pech^ot^ and repair-d and enlarg'd that i Sheepfcoat, Upon the depofing of this Perfon from \ Government, the old Governour and Magiftrates fei Captain Greenleaf to treat with the Fenacook Indian who, notwithftanding their bXt Pretences, ioin'| with the Saceman Savages* furpriz*d Major IValtk in his Garrifon of Quobechoy kill'd him, and 22 q his Soldiers, and tarry 'd away 29 into Bondage This worthy Gentleman was betray'dbyone^f/Sti douit^ a Prince of the Sacmians^ whom he had honon«| rably entertained and trufted as a Friend, and whoo the approach of the Indians, open*dtheGateoftli Fort, and admitted them. Mr. John Broughtm the murder'd in their Retreat *, and Forces being fenta ter them, the Penacooks fled to the Woods, and lefl their Corn and Country to the mercy of. Captaii Nayes and his Men, who enter'd it, and deftroy'(| their Wigwams and Plantations The Indians kiird many Men. Women and Chili dren, in other places-, as a whole Family on thej North-fide oi Merrimack River, four young Meiiofl Saco whom they furpriz'd in the Woods, five mo«l v\QzxSaca falls, out of 25 who came forth to bury thel others ^ one Starkey. falling into their hands, to (avel his own Life, difcover'd to them, that one Mr. jGilssl and 1+ other Englilhm en, were not far off, thefethel Savages murder'd. I The Indians having intimation, that there was but! a fniill Garrifon in PemmaquidYoxU gotupupoaal fife t0wy €f New-SxighDA. 65 ^k iMch over-look'd it^ from whence they mire- ibly fiattrd the Be(ieg*d, who farrender'd, with sir Govemour Captain Weemsj on Conditions Life and Libe^lly. The Indians broke the Capitu. itioii. and butchered thegreateft part of them, as llfo Captain Skitmer. and Captain Famham, who were Ser^rgl coming to the Relief of the Fort -j and Mr. Pati/haB.^*^ I he lay in his Sloop in the Barbican. Theie LoiHsi ^"^^ jias*d the Inhabitants of Sheeffcoat and Kennthufilt tb^^* abandon thofe Places, an4 retireito Falmmlu m did ^eral other Planters in other Parts of the Eaft. It was time for the Government of New-Eng^andta .ink of vigoroufly oppofing theie Murders aqd Oe-; gradations of the Savages' Accordingly Major Ap^rym jrith 500 Men from ^v^i^fer. and Major Obgvff^i »ne of their beft Officers from PHmouth^ with as ma<* ly more Englifli, and Chriftian Iifdians, march*d z* ' lainft die Enemy h who hearing, that one lieutenant HacVn was gone out of a Fott he commanded on tiie *tontier% with all his Garrifon about their daily Vork, ihtercq>ted them in their return, and cut diem II off, 1 7 in numher. Then the Indians attacked the ^ortin it, which were only two Boys, and fome Wo* len and Children. Thefe Boys defended it againft rbe Brgue* lie Savages, wounded fevfcralof them,and when they ty of ttfo iw the Barbarians had found out a way toiet fire to EngUJh he Houfe in the Fort, and To burn *em out^ wou*d%f* lot yield, but on Terms of Life, which thefe inhu- nane Wretches granted, and yet afterwards kiird ^hree or four of the Children, with one of the Boys. le other, made his eftape. Captain Gamer purfu'd le Enemy, but they were too nimble for him. A* other Party of *em aflaulted ^/fo, kilPd Captain ^rackety and had put the whole Town to the Sword, lad not Captain HaU come opportunely with Relief, id engaging the Barbarians, put *em to flight The I>;(igns of Major Swayne^ and Mayor Churchy KtQ fruftrated, by the Treachery of fome Indian Confederates, who being fent out as Scouts, difco- irer*d all that they knew to the Enemy ^ and thefe inderilandine the Number of the En^iih, fled to , ^heir inaccemble Woods and Swamps, where there was no CQniing at them ; fo Major Svayne having relieved the Garrifon of Bira^ Pointy retired to Winter IQuarters. F la 6# 7h9 m/hpytf ^vi^agbtad In tbe foUowing year, Monfieot ArteU^ ik Vreftdi^ man from Cmada^ and one Hoo^Hotd an) fhann \k^ dor. afTanlted Sdmwn FaUs^ and dfeftroy'dtihe beft jpart i of tM Town with Fire and Sword, kiU&ig j© Perfenj^ and leading away above 50 into Captivity; uflngtheiir' Captives with the utnioft ^barity thftt French an^ Indian Cruelty could invent , > This Defcent of the French, and their confederal tiDgwith the Indians, alarm'd all the English Settle- mention that Coaft \ and after the Reduction of A'i- i'' W. va Scotia^ Sir WitUam Phips was difpatch'd away with ^•"'Py. ^4 Sail of Ships and Tenders to attack ^fAwA. The 7,^2"^ principal Men of War were. Canada. TheMx'Friendsi Capt Gregory Sugars MmirUt 44Gunb The j^ and Thonuu, Capt. C^ter Vicen AdOHrai. The iiM», Capt . Tto. Otj^rt Rcar-Admiral They had aboard in all 2000 Men *, and fetting from Nuil, ncdit Bvjhttj the 9th of. jiugfijt^ 1690. ar- Eiv'd before Septen^er^ at Quehtek \ bat were «lettiiin(4 fo long by contrary Winds, that they were 3 Weekii going up the River of Canada^ wHicn otherwife they might have done in i Days. This g^ve the Count dt Brotttenac an opportunity to prepare for hisD^ fence^ and draw all the Strength of the Colony to Quehtek^ which Sir William Phips expe^ed would have been divided by an Army marching over Land) and attacking Mount Royal Fort at the fame time that he fell upon the City. This Army was to confift of 1000 Men from New- Torky Conntilicuty and Plimoufh Colonies, and 1 500 Indians, to whom the French give the general Nam* of Jroquoisy but our EngUfh diilinfl^uiih them by the Names of their feveral Nations. The Englilh match'd as far as the great Lake of Canada^ but not finding Canoos ready \ot them to pals it, and the Indians not joyning them according to their Agreement, they return'd ^ by which means. Count detrontenac had no need of making any Detachments for the Security of Mount Royd, Sir William fummon'd the Count to fur- rciider the City, but received a very infolent abufivc Anfwer : Soon tne %th ot OBober^ the En^lijh landed, under Lieutenant General H'7; 7)k H{/I(»<; ^/ New-Eogland. Sir WtBiMm^ foon aft^ 4iis retuni to iail*d ffooi thence to Srii/tol \ and haftnlng to Londci^ iliew 'd tKe Kins the necefiity tf noducinc Canada^ for tiT^e Safety of his Oominions in the W^Mes ^ but tiie French War in£iov^lay fo heavy on Kingff^^ //4ivf^ that he could not find a way to be^in it in Amm- cOy wherehehad enoueh todo todefeiidhisown Terri' tones. Twjis now that this Knightipn therepreientatioa of the Agents, of his Merit and Z.eal for tne King and J'r Willi- Country's Service, receiv'dhisCommiflion ofOover* am Phips nouif, and the new Charter we have already fpokea | Gwem9T, of in this Chapter. With thefe he haften'd back to Nevp-Englarid^ accompany'd by the Agent Mt. Mather \ , and a Day of Thanki^iving was appointed for the (afe Arrival of two fuch imponant Perfons. . If the Author of Sir WtlUam PhlpsYLifQ^ in Cotton Mather*s loofe Collections, be to be credited^ lie was a M^ of great Honour, and a true Lover of his Country^ as will appear by this Speech of his to the General | AfTembly. Gentlemen •, ffis Speech Toumay make your felves as ea/vM you wiU for evert] wthe ^f'Cntftder what mav have atty Tendency to Tour Welfare^] femb^. iijgy who notwithftanding ihe was koockVl do„« had her Skull fcalp'd, and was left for dead, recover*! and is ft ill Living. Mr. Pikey Under-Sheriff Effex, was murder'd by them, between ^^m^^ and HaverhilL To recompenfe thefe Loflesy -^ Englifh feiz'd Bommafe^n. one of the SegamOW| iji^*f^ who, with Edgereme^y hiA fign'd the late Trea- ^mif^'^y' ^® pretended to be juft come from CaruM .,m«,,. ^j ^^^^^ .^^^ ^j^^ Englifli Territories, on purpofe to endeavour to put an end to the Hoftilities *, but it being prov'd that he was a Principal Aftor in the laie Murders, he was fent Prifoner to Befion. The lol^ of (b great a Man as Bommafetn quieted the IndiaRij for tf or 7 Months, and then they renew*d their Bajf barities. They took two Souldiers belongine to the Garrifon of Sacoy kill'd the one, and fent the other into Bondage. Sometime after Sheepfcoatjohfty fo caird from a Place of that Name, near wnich he was born, who was one of the famous Mr. Elliot's Converts, but now an Apo- ftate and Enemy, proposed a Treaty, and the Indians came io Pemnaquidy pretending to be lorry that they had violated the Truce. To fliew their Sincerity, they 1 delivery up 8 Captives,and promis'd to releafethe reft. I Coy Philips Commander in Chief of the Forces, Lieu- tenant Col. Hawthorfty and Major Com/ers were Com- miffion'd to treat with the Savages, who defign'd only to get Bommafeen acain if they cou'd y and when they found the EngHtn were r^lv'd to keep him faft at Bofiwy they oroke off the Conference, and departed. * An Ambufcade of Indians tqpk Major Hammdni of Ketteryy and fent him to Canada^ where Count ?^* E^^^'^^^' treated him very honourably, having bought ^7 1/ r ^^^ ^^^*^ Savage-Mafter. Another Party came to Bel- ^^"^^'^^^'ttma-i on Horkback, which render'd them unfufpeft- ecU 7&r W0iiO ng purfu'd by Capt. CrtmUaf^ wounded tMm £>« when they foaod they cou'd not keep them, that uiey all dy'd, except a liid. Capt. 0^i!», Govemoar of Pemmaqidd Fort, defiring to lay down his Commiffion, was ibcceeded by &pt. CMy who we are told was ^nilty of a Piece of Trea-d^jw chery unworthy theEncUfc Name*, for, meeting Chub's ' Bdgeremet and another nrince on a ibrt of Treaty, ^^«4r«»» he put *em both to Dea^ The next Xtaxontjthn Churchy and j more of xf^t, QuobechOf Thomas CWc and his Wife of WeUs^ 14 PerCons near Fmfmouthy were malTacred, and 7 taken Prifoners. In Augt^t^ the French landed fome Nkn out of a Man of War, the Newfern which they had taken from the Eoglifti, to aiiift uie Indians. This Kews ib frighted the Traitor CM^ that he furrren- der'd the new and ftrone Fort of Pemmaquid, The People of NtVhEwgland mifi'd their Govemour Sit William Phips^ whom by their Clamours and ComplaintB they had caused to be fent for to EngUmdy . a little after the Pemmaquid-Peaccy as we ftiallihew in the following Pag^es, being now willing to finifh the Indian War ; which, tho it made a mighty Ncnie in Nev'Englandy will not have a like efteft on an OUEngli^KtdAet, The taking of Pemmaquid Fort threw the En^lifh Pcmma- in thofc Parts into a dreadful Confternation \ and the quid *«• Deputy Govemour, CoL Stoughton, fent out Col. Ged-^f^^ ^ 't ney. Col. Hawthorn^ and Major Churchy with fevc-""' ral Parties, to put a (lop to the Enemy, who, pleas'd with fo formidable aConqueft, were retir'd, doing no more mifchief at that time, except in murdering 5 Souldiers of Saco Fort, who fell into their hands. Ttom Haverhill in the enfuing Year, they took jp te^^^ Captives, of whom one was Umnah Vunfiofty a Wo- man of a mafculine Spirit : She had lain in not above a Week, yet (he and her Nurfe walk'd 150 Miles on foot to the Town where the Indian, fhe was to ferve, liv'd. This Woman being afterwards to travel with her f6 31^ A^^ Y ^^'^'^' to Mafter and his Family, to a Rendezvcmi bdians, Ihe watch'd her Opportunity in the Kiel and having animated her Narfe to aififl: her, thi kilkd ten of die Indians widi their own Weapons, ai made their eftape i for which A^Hon they recgvil] a Reward of 50 Pounds, from the General Aflem-1 bly of the Province,'««and Prefents from private Perfo to a good Value. The Savages continuing their In* roads, kill*d a Manat Torky another at HatjieU, a thitd { at ^rotoftj and a fourth at Bxittr^ from whence thqj carried away 2 Children Oiptives. They kilPd another Man ztExettry after this wounded a iecond, zxAx carryd off a third : Thcj alfo furpriz'd and flew Major Frojl and his Two Sons, and 3 Women near NexO'Chavamic *j and dreadful Defolation threat* ned the whole Province, from an Invafion of the French : But before we ^peak of that, we fliou'd let the Reader know what became of the GovernourJ Sir William PhipSj and in whofe Hands the Govern^ ' ment of New-Engloftd was in thefe difficult times. Sir William having fettled Peace, as he thought, { in the Province, and the Trade being open'd with the Savages, went for England to juftity himfelf againft the Complaints of his Enemies, who prolecuted him at the Council-Board, for feveral Acts of Male- Ad- miniftration. The General Afjembly of the >^-ovince, lent Letters to Court by him, to pray that lie might be continu'd Governour, which (eem'u to be a fuffi* cient JufiiHcation of his Innocence *, and the King was fo well fatisfy'd of his Condu£^, that had he liv'^ 'tis thought he would have been fent back in the fame Poft *, but hedy'd at Landony and the Government of Nev^England was after his Death manae'd by his Deputy. William StoMhtony £fq-, till the Year itfp?. when the Earl of BtUammt Came over Governour. Sir William carry-'d home with him a Projeft to ton* 1?/j; fupply the Kingdom q^ England with Naval Stores from deputy the Eaftern Parts of Maffachvfet Colony, which might Ctpttmor. eafily be done •, he alfo intended to follicit Afliftancc for the Couquefl of Canada *, and the Court was lb well convinc'd of the Necellity of that Conqueft, as to order Sir Francis Wheeler to ftop at NeW'Eri' gland^ to take in what Forces the Province had rais'd| ^nd thenpe proceed to Canada, Accordingly Sir Franh ■ *' * • ' ' * ci4 William Stough jovernour. rtrriv'd there dar^the VtittcSfmnuumd^ bat he jd loft diree quarters of hi$ Seamen and landmen at lie Sogar-Iflands^ and lb that Defign came to nothing i rhkh, had it been executed as 'twas projef^ed, woird ive prevented the Fears of a French Invafion in The Deputy Govemour prepar*d for a vigorous De* ice, and the Fort&rarticularly thoTe at Bofion^vrete it into very igood Order. Major Mtrch with 50^ len was poftedfon the Eaftern Frontiers, to obferve to Enemy on that fide *, and he did (o much good. Jiat few Engliih ieU into their Hands. They kill'd Souldier near IVtlts^ took another and Roafted him. fhree more they furpriz'd as they were cutting Wood yt the Garrifon at 3aco Fort, and murder'd thens. Ihev took lieutenant Fletcher and his two Sons, one }f whom efcap'd ; the other with his Father was ma^ facrc^ Major Afarch proceeded to Cafco Bay^ and Irame on the Enemy unaware, who after one Fire, |f?wl to their Fleet of Canoo's and got off*, the Ma- Ijor having kill*d a good number of them before they |con*d get away, with the lofs of Capt. Weymmh of \Bamfiablej and 1 2 Men. This A£(iQn, tho it does not appear to be of any areat G>niequence, yet was fo in \m£i: For it hinder^ the promised Irruption of the Savages, as that did the Deicent of the French, who being weakned by a Storm, and hearing of tne De- feat of their Confederates the Indians, and the good pofture of Defence theEnglifh were in, gave them no Difturbance. While the Savages continued their Incurfions, the ,^py^ {Lord Bettamont in England was preparing for his De-j^^ £^| parture. and fet fail in the Deptfora Man of War. in of Bella- Novemier 1 697^ He was driv'n as far as Barbaaoes^ mont Go- I but kept#ear of the Ifland.and arriv'd in fafety at Bo-vemor, \^m^ in December, After his Arrival, the Enemy be*>rlvei it gan to grow weary of the War. They kill'd 20 Men Bofloo. ^i Lancafier-Toytn^ yf\t\L Mr, Whiting the Minifter, burnt fome Houfes, and two or three old People in them, and carry'd away y into Slavery. They alfo murder'd one Man at Oyfier-Bay. Nor muft we for- get Chuky the ^Ife Wretch, who furrender'd Pemma- quid Fort The Govemour kept him under Exanii- nation fome time at Bofion^ and then difhiift him. As As he was aping to ]ii» Honfe at Jtdtvtr^ the.] iiurj^jfi'd mm and his Wife^ and mai&crid Thetrdm Chub wvrderH ^ jj,ft Reward of his Treafi>n. They flew three' fytbeJth four perfons morei and had AOt Colonel Jbiuk "^'' Bra4firtn into their hands, but beiitg dofeW parfnlJ they difmift him and other Prifbners. They kiir| two^ and took two ibmetime after at Havtri murdered an Old Man at Totkf and attacked DterM onCotmeHicut fi^e^f bat were i>eaten off by WiBarHs the Miniiter, and the Townfinen. A and a Boy were fkm at HatfeiltL and that was the] ^ood rpilt by thdni. For Count Frontenae gai Iheymdkt notice to the French Indians, that there was a Peaie Peace, concluded in Bwropty and tliey mnft reftore all tiie| EngUHi Captives -^ many of whom were dead, the reft retorn*d. Major Cmvers^ and Captain Al dinyiett fent by the ^t\ oi Bellammt to receivtl them, and thC) Submiffion of th6 Sachems and 5r<| eamcres j who came and excas'd themfelves fori Complain oreaking the Peace, faying, The Jefuits would m\ 9ftbe Je- l^t them alone till they had done it \ and if the £arl\ fiats, of Bellamont, and the Count de Frontenac, vp6uU\ mtjjanifi) thoye Ikvihy they could netpromife the Peati\ T9^ i^^ was oTtei^ e£amin*d concerning his Piracies"**" *«'''• Goaunittees <^ Pl^i^ment^ andsSterwardstry'di jidenin*d and haneU ' [ In t7«>»- The Aflembl^f gave a Tax towards buil^ 1700: Ag a Room for a library, and a Theatre at Cam* idge^ where there was an Indian College erefied^ Appartmeati bsHt for them in that of Harvard, It tne toth of March, 1702. a dreadfol Fire broke <7<^^* It at Biktny in the Houfe of Mr. John Georgfj whjich irnt ib viMentiy, that 9 V/ar^'^houies, withavaft lantity of Goods, wereredac'o to Alhes. and (evev „i Streets confom'tl and damaged by it As to bthec Events, there have been none remarkable lately : [he Indians have not dar'd to break the Peace in the relent War) and the Privateers which the Gilyveni' lent and Merchants of NewEttgkmd have let out |nce the laft Rupture with Francf^ have been (b iccefsfiiLi that they took 14 Merchant-men, and $ ipersy in a few Weeks time. The Earl of Bella- > t dying in this vear. Her Majefly Qaeen jitme jgracioufly pleased to appoint G)lonel Jofeph Dud- £^\f^^' , to be Govemottr of New-England \ but the Go-^^jf^ ^ernment of the Province of New'Tork was ''"*'* b the Lord Combury by King WUlianu &.^<"^Z Wttm c H A P. n. }/ the Coufftryy Towns and Forts ; Of the Climate^ SoH^ and Proda^ ; Of the Ani^ tnals and Trade at New-England. I VfR. Delaety who is look*d upon to be the mofl: exaft the Extent y-^^ Author that ever wrote of thtWefi-Indies^ is in ld, as thofe Giuntries ar chat are Parallel with it in Eurepe^ as (bme PartSA*. Italy and France. For what reaton, t we may ktA + Nam Mr. Deiaety who inhis Defcription of it fays, " * TW qua Marea sumnjcp ^ ^q^ fo l^Q^^ ^ tl,jt ^^ Winter J or el '** Country may be compar* idquepar-" »'<'^* timabO- ceani (uti videCur) vldniuteffl, cu)u8 juds & inoonftans momi M diorum Solarum reflexum fhogit. parcimab Vaporumafoendeiitianil copiam qui iEftam mitigant, &C' ^d tf«m« Eafdem regiooetl longe frigidiores efle qua afcendencem Solum ipedanCi qiiam quack*! foendentem. ' * Aftas minus ferveat, & Hiemi magis algeat, quam vulgp in Euro-I pa Tub eodem Climate ( Coeli Solique boaiute cumlaudatufimis Euro* pz merico poflc comparari. The Qimate of New-England ^ in comparifoBl with that of Virginia ^ is as the Qimate of Sett] Itmdy compared with that of England, The Air I however is healthy, and agrees with Englilh Conili' tutions : On which account, this Colony it the moft flburifliine and numerous of any that belongs to the Tkt S9il, Crown S England in America. The Sou is ge* nerally fruitful, but in fome Places more fo than I in others. We (hall (hew the difference in treatins of thepa^ , ticular Counties. In doing which, we ihall run aldng I the Coail from North to South^ and take in every | thing remarkable that has come to our knowledge: Dividing the wholf Country into the four firll Colo- nies Themfiory of Ncw-England. 8i ii«sorProvinceSy andthofe into Counties, according > the prefent Divifion of it in the lateft Surveys, liielargeft and moft populous Settlement is that of M^^He^h which was the Name of the Indian Na- Maflachu- tion inhabiting that part of th«! Country, where now ^^5 ^"^j lands the City ofBofim This Province extends from '"^'" Zaft to Weft in length along the Coaft from Scituate in ?Ufmufh County, toSaco River in thatof il/«x»,near 1 1 • liles, and in breadth from the fame Scituate to EnfeiU mil Hampjbire in the Province oiCormeSkicute about tf o,but his narrower up in the Country. It contains the Coun- Itics of, , Towns Names. Minifters Names. rFal/mntthj Mr.. \Scarboroughf Mr.- \Mairt^ in which are, ^IVeOs^ MTark, 1 Kittery^ The I/le of Shoils. Mr. Hancock* Mr. Main Tork gives the Name of a Shire to a fmall part of this Province^ but 'tis generally included in that of Main, ^ Dover ^ Mr. Jok Pike, \ Exeter^ Mi\ Joh. Clark. Cornw«ilI \CornwaJif in vrhich J Hampton^ Mr, Joh. Cotton,. ^Portfmouthy Mr. Jojh, Moody, The furthernioft Bay Northward is Cafco^ in which i$ Saco River. On this River Si«(r<»-Town or Scar- thorough ftands. Here is a- very good Fort, built in the laft Indian War, and is a great awe upon the \Hwrom^ or French Indians to the Eaftward. Twas mounted with lo or 12 Guns. lo the fame County is the IViUiamKnA Henry Fort, on Pemmaquid River, about 20 Rod* from High^vatsr-Mark \ which in time of War, was mounted with 1 8 Guns, and garrl- fon'd by 60 or 80 Men. The River Pemmaquid runs between 40 and 50 Miles up in the Country: There are belides three left Rivers, Spwrmoimk^ Kcnne* htmk^ and Pifiataroay^ and feveral Ulands o^ the Coalt, fomeol which are 10 Miles lyng. Th*irearc high 82 the )ir//#dri^ (^ Ncw-fittglairf* high Mountains, and horrible Forrefts intheEaftern Parts of thefe Counties, which are the moft barren of I any in Nero-England: However, towards the -Sea- coafts, and upon the Fivers, the Soil is fruitful for Corn and Pafture *, but the chief Trade is for BeaverJ Lumber and Filh. Thefe two Counties^ when they were firft planted, were a Province of themfelves^ and were call'd New-Hampflnrey but they defir'd to be added to the Government of Maffachufet, The moft confiderable Towns in them, are Tork^ Dover^ and WeHsy where there are Fortifications ^ and fo there are in aU the Frontiers, and indeed in moil of the other Towns, for the Indians in a Da37's march can be in the middle of the Country. There were above loo Fa- milies in Wellst before the breaking out of the Indian War in the Eaft. The County-Courts are held at Dover and Portfmouth the laft Tuefday in Juney and at York the firft Tuefday in July. The next Coun- 1 ties are, Towns Names. tAmesburyy Aridovery Beverly^ Box'fordy Gloucefier. jf i Haverhiilj Ipfwichy n u > 4, ^y^> , c ^ MdrJihiflcYy Marhleheaky Newbury- EajK Rcivlcyy SidcWf Salisbntyy Top[ieildy L WtnhsVny Minifters Names. Mr - 5" Mr. Francis Dean. i Mr. Thomas Barnard, fAt. John Hale, Mr. Symmes. Mr. £merfon, Mr. Benjah.in Rolfe. $ Mr. William Hubbard. \Mx,John Rogers. A4r. Jeremiah Shephard, ^^r. John Emerfon, Mr. Samuel Cheever, Mr. Tappin. Mr. Samuel Belcher, Mr. Edward Payjon. ^ Mr. John Higginfon, "^ Mr. Nicholas Noyfe, Ml". OJhing. Mv.JojephCapen, h\x.Jojtph(jortJJj. Sulrm is the chief Town of this County. The County Cu:nt is kept there the lait Tuelday in Jum. • ' and Isni November, IthasaMarketei^eryWednerchiy^tfid ItifbFairsintheYcari the laft WedneQay in yl '^3^,and thelaft WcdneiHay in Septetrther, Tis pleaiantlyfeated between two Riv«rs^ and was the firft Town that was built in Maffachufet Colony. Lyn is a Market Town : The County Court is kept at fpfipichj the laft TndHay in March and September, This Shire is water'd on the Eaft by the great River Merrimack^ navigable 40 Miles up anfmore y the Soil is not very fertile, ex- cept it be near the Coaft. The Hills ^ere are not vc- S' high *, but in the Weftern Parts arc inhabited by e Indians. There's an Ifland lies off of it, about {three Miles long, which is tery fruitful ^ and moft of die Towns being built near the Sea-fide, afford great Conveniences for the Fiihery. In this County is th« Promontory TrabigTjmda^ now Cape Ame^ which is ▼ery high. The next to it is that of, ■ " r H Towns Names. T Siller ica^ ICamhridge^ Charles-Tmn^ Chelmsford^ Concordy DmMlty Grotorty LancafteTy Marlhorwghy Mdderty Medfordy Nemerty Oxford^ Reading^ Sherburriy St9Wy Sudbury^ Eaji-Watertoriy Wefiy Woburrty WorsefteTy Minifters Names. Mr. Sam, Whiting, . ^ Mr. W' Brattle, Vl Mt,Char, Mtrftm, Mr. The. Oark, -w Mr,Jofeph£a^broek, Mr. Tho, Weld. Mr. Gerjham Hobart^ Mx. John Whiting. Mr. WiL Brinfmcad. Mr, Michael Wigglefmrth. Middle- Mr. Simon Bradftreet, fcx. Mr. Nehemiah Hobart. Mr. Jonathan Peirpoint, Mr. Daniel Gookin, Mr. James Sherman, t^t. Henry Gibs, Mr, Sam, Angier, Mr. Fox. The chief Town of this County is Ci«^r/wtf and December, Reading is a populous Town, commodioufly fitua- ted on the Banks of a great Lake. There are two Mills in it, one for Grift, and another to faw Boards-, fuch a one as is on the River oi Thames on Sout]marh\ fide. Watertmn is noted for the Fairs held there the firft | Fryday in Jtmey and the yfi in September, The Ri- vers are fmall in this County, but there are a great I many of 'em, which watering the Paftures, render this one of the pleafanteft and fruithifleft Spots of Ground in New-England, The Fields are full of Cat- 1 tie of all forts, and the Market at Bojton is plentifully fupply'd by it for Exportation, with Beef, Pork, • &c, befides for a home Confumption. The Hills are cover 'd with Sheep *, and both together refemble Devonjbire in England^ and a^ do the following County. Towns Names. Minifters Names. [■ Bofton^ Mr. James Allen, I Mr. Benjamin Wadfworth» I Mr. Mather^ Jen. Mr. Mathery jun. Mr. Sam. PVilward, Mvflf^ilk. t< Mr.Emblin, Monjieur Daille, - $m. Del. M U .2 •» Braintree^ Dedham^ ,Dorchefier^ Mr. Mofes Fisk^ Mr. Joj, Belcher, Mr. John Danforth, ^iinghitm^ TheKfierj -g MedfeUdy ;S J Mendm^ Roxbwry^ Weymouth^ Woodftocky Wrfntham^ of New-England. Mr. John Norton^ Mr. Whitman, Mr. Jof. Baxter, Mr. GrindaU Rawfon* Mx, Peter Thatcher, Mr. Nath, Walter. Mr. Sam. Torrey, Mr. Jofiah Dwight, Mr. &ii»Mr/ ii/«ff/fy, in which are. Towns Names. Minifters Names. Brijiotty Mr. John Sparhawk Swanfey, Taumorty Mr. Sam. Danforth^ Uttle-Comptorty Mr, Adams* Swanfeyy fituated at the Mouth oi Providence River, is a Town of fome note in the Country^ but BriM is ^he place ofmoft Trade, and the chief of the G)un- ty, ot which Ehde Jjlmd is reckoned a part. In this Ifle there are two Churches, at Neipport and 1 Mr. Nathaniel Clap Minl- Portjmouthf S fter. Elizabeth Ifland, at the Mouth of Monument Bay, was one of thofe that Capt. Cofnold landed on. providence and Patu^et Rivers, are the principal of this Shire, but are neither of tnem very big. The NarragantfetSj the moft formidable Natipn of all the Indians, inhabited the Sou^ Weft Parts of it. There is nothing in this County fo extraordinary or different from the reft, as to deferve to beniention*d. The other Two Provinces, which are now the Joint Colony of ConneSlicut and Newhaven, are in length from Stoniton in New-London County, to Kye in Fairfeild County, on the Borders of New-York^ 70 Miles,, and in breadth from Saybrook in New-Lon- don _ County, to Windfor in Hartford about jo. The ^r(i County we mept with p them on the Coaft^ is New-London CQUfity> in which arc^ Towns Names. Minifters Names. Stoniton^ Mr. James Noyes, Sfybroofy Mr. Thomai Buckingham. Fre^oriy The H^ay 0f New-Bnglaa^ 89 Norwich^ jNewLofidoftf Lyme^ Lebanon^ JKHUftgiporthf Mr. Satn. Irtad, Mr. Jofeph AUrs, Mr. Jo- Fitch. Mr. Gordon SalmtJtalL Mt, Aiqfes Noyes, Mr. Abraham Perifon, New- London The Eaftem Parts of this Shire are pleafant and raid^il} the Weftern Swampey and Mountainous, bichocafion'd a sreat Trade for Furrs and Lumber. rook is the oldeft Town in the County, and is Ifeated on the South fide ofComeSHcut River, as lAme lis on die Nordu at the Mouth of It. This River is very large, divided into feveral fmall Branches, and navi£able as high as Hartford^ go Miles within Land. Nm-Lmdon is leated on a River call'd the Thames ; Jthe Arft Branch of which River goes by the Name of \citf River, the next Branch by tlut of Ri^fel's Delight^ the third by that of Indian Rsvery and the reft are fo fmall, that they are not thought worthy of a Name. There's another fmall River, which falls into the Sea at Mancheftr \ and thefe are all that are in this Coun- I ty \ next to which within Land, is Hiri/»r^ County, in which are, * Towns Names. Farmington^ Glafionburyy Hadham^ Ffartfordj Middle Town f Simshwy^ Waterbwy^ Weatherifeildf Wittdfor^ Windham, Minifters Names. Mx.Sam, Hooker^ Mr. Tmothy Stephens^ Mr. Jeremtah Hobart, Mr. Timothy Woodbridge, Mr. Tho, Buckingham, Mr. No, RulfelL Mr. Dudly Woodbridgei Mt,Jer,Peck, Mr. Stephen Mix*, Mr. &m Mother, Mr. Ttm, Edwards, Mr. Sam^ Whiting, Hartford (kimy. Hart', 90 rStfJ«/0ya/>New-EiD(glafta. Hartford is the moft conliderable Town in thjJ ^hire : It has two Parilh Clwrches in it. Old Ghurcil >nd New Church ; the People of New-England not! 4^A^"gu^^^^§^^^ii^ Churches by Saints Names. NeatI Hadham is an Ifland in ComeElicut Kiver which wJ ters the Northern Bounds of the County : This Iflandl is call*d Thirty AfUe J/land^ being that ^iftance frouj the River's Mouth. In the Weftern Parts are feverall Ridges of Hills, and thick Forrefts, which afForJ plenty of Game and Traffick. The Two next Counties make the Colony of iVff| haverty and both of them are Maritime Provinces. «i Newha- ven Cotot' ^alrfeild County, \ In i\?lrwib<«w« County are, Towns Naiiics. Miniftcrs Names. Brainfordy Derby y ^\Cuilfordy .:M$frdj Ntwhaven^ WalliHgford^ Mr. Sam. Ruffeff, Mr. John James. Mr. 7ho. RuggUs, Mr. Sam. Andteisfi. Mr. Ja» Pierpoint, lAx.Sam.Strtet. . <■; Near Brainford there is a fniail Iroft'-work on i Branch of a little River that runs into the Se?i there \, the Place is from thence cali'd IrgnrAGU. There's a. | nother little River which runs into the Sea at Mllford^ and another at Gtw7/tfr^. , The Capital town of this Province was NewhavenA which was firft built ^ then GuUfordytkQnMilfordy then Stamfordy and then Br^nford, The next County to it is | Ki/rffi/ Months in the Year. The Whale Fiftiery was more common formerly than 'tis now *, and the Netpfoundland Trade engrofles that 833- 92 The Hiftcry of Ncw-England. that of Cod in a great meafure *, but there is dill vaftl Quantities of that and other Fifh taken, (alted andl fent to the Sugar Iflands, for the rubfiftance of ^ White Servants and Negroes. I The Sea is always ^11 of Fifli on the Coafts of NnA Endandf whether in fair Weather or foul , bat tlttl Afeno- beft time for (ifliing is in March^ Jtprtl^ May^ and m\ rum ma- of June. Captain Smith relates, that in his time theitl )orum he* were Alkermes taken worth j • or 40 /. which is now! lecum. very rarely known, and few of *cm to be met. As is m Stellar BJUfy of which l Eiicut Colony, gave the Royal Society an account o/rj^l elaborate Fiece of Nature^ that divides it (elf intonol lefs than 81^20 fmall parts by Branchings, and is ontl of the moft wonderful Works of the Creation. I Captain Smith fpeaks of feveral forts of Beafts, asl well as Fifh, which are ^Idom or never found ial Bcafts. Uexo-England^ fuch as Lyons, Musk-Cats, &c. botl there are Bears, Foxes, Rackoons, Otters, Beavers,! Deer, Hares, Rabbits, as alfo that admiraole Crea- ture the Mofe •, of which we cannot give a better Defer iption, than what Mr. Joffeyn has tranfmitted ' to us among his New-England Rarities \ *Tis about n\ Foot highy with fair Horns^ and broad Palms \ fome(ij\ 12 Foot from the Tip of one Horn to that of the other. Another Author fpeaking of the manner of Hun- ting this Creature, fays. They commonly hunt it in\ theWinter^andfometimesrunit downinhalfadayjomt\ times they are a whole one about it'^ the Ground beinn then generally coHer^d with SnoWy the Beafi Jinks very heav^ every Step he rvnSy breaking down Trees as big as a Mm)\ Thigh* tVhen the Sport/men get up with him^ theydanl their Launces at hinty and he walks /lowly after ht)] Jb. p.437. wounded J till fpent with lofs of Bloody befalls like a ru- in*d Buildingy making the Earth Jfjake under him. His I Body is about the bignefsofa Bull's -jhis Neck refeni- blesa Stag's, his Legs are ftjort, his Tail longer than a Buck's, and his Flelh very grateful j he ihoots his Horns every four years. I The Beafts in New-England us'd to produce a pro- fitable Traffick with the Indians for Peltry, which is I fince mightily decreas'd, as is that Trade in general, ^ • occafjon'd by the dif-ufe of Beaver and other Skins, ne- The KftorytfiJevr'^'&ti^sini. 9} Atce^ixy in the Fell-monjgers Msnufe£(ure. There*$ [bandancc of all forts orEuropcan Cattle, as Cows, Jhecp, Goats, Hoes and Horfes*, the latter arc a lit- ^e kind, not much larger than that of IValesy but are rery hardy and ferviccaWe *, many of them areexpor- ifid to the Leward Iflands for Saddle-Horfes, and (ome for Draught. The iVhp-£»g/<»w/ Merchants alfo fend .eather thither, and vaft Quantities of Pork and )eef, as has been before mentioned. Of Creeping things, befidesthofe in common with sther Places on the Continent of .America^ the Rattle^ ^nake is the moft noted and dangerous. There are alfo feveral kinds ofFlies, which are very roublefonie to the Inhabitants. There was fuch a Ifwarm of a certain fort of Infe^ls in New-England libme years ago, that they poifon'd and de(lroy*d all the jTrees for 200 Miles together. They broke forth out |of Holes in the Grouncf like Maggots, arid tum*d to - Flies, with a Tail or Sting, which they ftuck into the Tree, and fo kill'd it with the Venom in the Sting. There is no Country almoft where there is greater Variety of Fowl, wild and tame^ than in iVflp-£»g- Wi as Pheafants, Partridges, Turkies, Ducks, Fow/. Geefe, Herons, Storks, Cormorants, Swans, Widge- ons, Doppers, Black-birds, and Barndoor Poultry, which leads me to the Grain of the Country, as In- dian Corn •, and in a word, all Grains that grow ei- |therin Europe or jimmca» They fend their Indian and Englilh Wheat, Oats, Peefe and Beans, Flower and Bisket, to Bardadoes and t\it Caribbee Iflands. Flax and Hemp grow there, as well as in the Baltick or Germany ^ and there is hardly any advantagious Grain that they cannot and do not cultivate. The Indian Corn being that which is moft planted Ih. 63a. in this Country, and which was only us'd before the ^* ^'"J- Enalilh came there, it will not be improper tode-'"^*. Jj fcribe the Culture of it, as we find it communicated ^^^^'jj ' to the Royal Society by Mr. Winthrop, The Natives call'd it Weach'm^ and in fome Southern parts q{ America^ 'tis known by the Name ofMaiis or Maizje. The Ear is a Span long, compos'd of 8 Rows of Grain or more, according to the Goodnefs of the Ground, about 30 Grains in a Row. Tis of various . V Co* 94 1*e jys^ ^ New-lflglandi Colours, as red, white, yellow, blew, dive, ^^1 nifli, black, fpeckl'd, ftrip'd, &c, fometimes in ti,;! fame Field, and the fame £,ar ; but the white and yelJ low are the nioft common. The Ear is defended fronjl the Cold and Storms by ftrong thick Husks ^ tlit| Stalk grows 6^ or 8 Foot high *, that of Niw-MnglitfA is not quite fo tall as that cfTirgima y and at CanailA 'tis Ihorter than at New^Bngland \ 'tis jointed like J Cane, is full of fweet Juice like tiie Sugar Cane, and a Syrup as iweet as Sugar may be made out of it, as has been often try\3. At every Joint there are long Leaves or Flaggs, and at the Top a Branch of Flowen like Rye-bloffoms. Tis generally planted from the middle of April to the middle of y^%. In the Nor. thern parts the Mohauk Corn is not planted till JmiA and yet is ripe in feafon •, the Stalks of this fort m\ ftiort, the Ears near the Bottom, and are of feveral Co- lours. The manner of planting Maize, is in Rows atequAl Diftance everyway, about j or tf Feet^ the Earth is open'd with a How 4 Inches deep, and 4 or 5 Grains are thrown in it, at a little diftance from one another, in the breadth of a How j then they are cover'd with Earth : If 2 grow, the Crop will an- fwer : the Corn is weeded at a hands length, and the Earth is loofen'd about it with a How y this Labour mull be repeated as the Weeds come up; when the Stalk begins to grow high, a little Eartn ihould be { drawn about it, and on putting forth the Ear, (bmudi as to make a little Hill, like a Hophill. Tis ripe about the middle of September •, it muft be ftripp'd aflbon as gather'd, unlefs 'tis laid thin, to prevent its growing mouldy or fprouting \ the common way is to move the Ear together in long Traces^ by (bme parts of the Husk left thereon, which is call'd Traceing : Thefe Traces are hung upon fearers within doors •, and will keep lb all Winter good and fweet. The Indians thralh it as they gather it, dry it well on Matts in the Sun, and bury it in Holes in the Ground^ lin'dwith Mols or Matts, which are their Barns; The Englifli lately plant it with the help of the Plow •, they tura up fitigle Furruws 6 Feet diftant, then plow a-crofs at the lame diitance, throw in the Corn where thefe meet, and cover it with a How, or run another Fur- row uv^er it with the Plough. -^ Tht The Indians boil it till it becomes tender, and eat with Fifh or Venniibn inftead of Bread \ fometiniel ,^ey brnife it in Mortars, and fo boil it : The moil vh jai vay is to parch it in Aihcs, Hiring it to artMi- [ialJy as to be very tender, without burning \ this ley fift and beat in Mortars into fine Meal, which \f^ eat dry, or mix*d with Water. The Englifli lix it into a AifT Pafte, make Bread of it. which they 3!i» all Day or all Night. The beft tort of Food /hich is made of it is c&Il'd Samp \ to make it, the >m is water'd half an hour, beaten in a Mortar to \t bigneis of Rice, lifted, boiPd and eaten with ylilk, or Butter and Sugar, which is a very pleaOint vholefomc Diet. The Englifhhave alto made good 3eer of it, by malting, it, or making it of Bread: ^hen they malt it, it muft chil both ways. Root and Blade ^ to do which, they heap it up at a conve- nient time, then takeaway the top of the Earth in « 3arden-Field i or 3 Inches deep,after which they cover ^he Ground with the Com, and the Corn with the Larth ^ when the Plot is green all over with the Corn- proutS) which will be in about 10 days, it muft be ta- Jen upythe Earth ihaken from it, and dry d, then wafh'd [and ary'd again in a Kiln : This nukes the Malt and ■that Beer, which will be pleafant, wholefom, and of a ■brown Colour. The Beer made of Bread is more durable, and altogether as pleafant : To do it, they cut the Bread into ^reat Lumps as big as a Man's Fifl^ Imarih and manage it as they do Malt, adding or o- Imitting Hops, asisdefir'd. Befides Garden and Orchard Fruit-trees, and I Shrubs, of which there's fcarcc any fort wanting, the Woods and Swamps hefe abound with Oak, Elm, Afb, Cyprefs, Pine, Chefnut, Cedar, A(pin, Beech, Firr, Safafras, and Sumach. Among the Rarities of iVfTP-Ew^/<3»/^, istheS^foVrf \VtA^msy or common Savin, found very often in the Hil!?, a fpontaneous Plant *, Here, as well as at Ber- mtdas^ is that Berry to be met with, which breeds Low- Worms that turn to Flies, bigger tnan Cochincel thorp'i Flies, feeding on the fame Berry *, in which his been Vol. II. found a Colour not at all infvriour to that of the Co- chineal Flie, and as to Medicinal Vertue much ex- ceeding ir. A The mftwy €f New-Siiglbind. ^- A certain Tre^ grows in the Eaftem Parts of i%| England^ on the Bark of which are little Knok I wherein is a liquid Matter like Ttirpentine, of a veM lanative Nature. The Dwarf Oak grows wild herd and was fent hence into England to be cultivated. I ' But the Treafure and the Glory of their Woods is| the Monarch Oak, the Spruce and Firr Trees,, M which the Navy of England might be fupply'd nrou hence with all manner of Naval Stores, at a cheaper rate than they are now imported from the Baltitil Pitch and Tar are made here, and as good in itskbij as any firom the Norths and more Ships, as has been hinted, built in this Province, than in all the othci y parts of the K^^/ir^iVi belonging to the Engliih, ot perhaps to all the European Nations. 'Tis eafy to imagine, that the Advantage of fo man; Englifh Hands thus employ'd, is of much more Service to tne Crown, than they would be in Eng^and^ whert there are already too many thoufands that are ufelefi, Induftry is neceiTary for Life in jlmerica^ when Trtde, 'twas impofiible for a lazie Perfontoliveat thefiril Settlement of the Colonies *, but there bein^ no fuel! neceflity in England^ we have fo many idle mfignifr cant People, that 'twou'd be well if they were all in thofe Parts of the Englifli Empire, where their Hands muft provide for their Mouths, and I have no Notion of any more Difference between Old-England and NeWy than between Lineoln/^re and Somerfet^rt-A neither can I fee, why the Englifh in America fhou'd not be fuffer'd to cultivate their Ground, and im- prove it as thev think fit, any more than that feeding and grazing fnou*dbe prohibited m Somtrfetflnrt ian the Advantage of Lww//;/>»»yf. The People of New-England deal as much with Old-England as either of thofe Counties in proportion _^ to their Numbers \ and by their aflifling tne Lmaril TheAdv^- Idands with Provifions, are rather a Service to the ugeofn. Public K Intereft than a Prejudice ^ for without help from them, the Sugar Plantations cou'd not maintain three hundred thoufands Mouths, Whites and Blacks, as they do at leafl , Provifions cou'd not be fent them from England with that Eafe, Speed and Certainty, as from this Colony. ' h ' F'cm The Hffiaiy of New-Bngland. 97 From the Iflands, the Nen-Englmd Men receive in exchange for their Lumber, by which it meant Boards, Mafts, Pipe-ftaves and Hoops i and their Provifions, Sugar, MelalTes, Rum, Ginger, Indi- go and Cotton, more than enough to fupply their ^me Confiimption \ the reft they fliip for Eng- land, They have feveral StilI-hou(e$ in Bojton^ and make very good Spirits there ^ but the main of their Trade for all forts of NecelTaries is with Old'Englandy from whence they have their StuS, Silks, llnnen, Mir- , mnghamrVfdxe^ Tools for Mechanicks 1 and tho they have many Conveniencies of furnifhing them- felves with moft forts of wearing Apparel at home, yet they import fuch Quantities ot that and o- ther Merchandife from England^ as renders dieir Commerce very beneficial, and worthy Encourage- ment. , .. The Mines of Iron and Copper which are found there, do not produce fo much as was expected, 'tis hop'd they will in time turn to a better account: Till then moft of their Ire 1 .^ ^ Copper-Wares will come from hence *, and we c? . ot to envy them the Im- provements they makt .. lAeir Pafture and Tillage, lince we get fomuch by them otherwife : Which Od- iervation will, we believe, remove any ill Imprefii- ons that fome late Argtments may have made on the Minds of many, to the Diladvantage of this indu- ftrioas People^ Becaufr. fays a known Trader, by j^^ j^ .. Tillage^ Fiffjtngy Manufauures^ and TradCj they to fations-, for all that cam* to trade there generally dealt with them, and fifli'd . off their Coafts. r/ if*'> As they differ'd very much in their Language, Manners and Cuftoms from the other Indians, to ttey alfo difier'd in fonie meafure from one another^ VF^ the fame did the Nations more to the South, of which we find many mention'd, as the AfajfajoitSy whoJ^fMafla- dwelt about Mount Hope in iyrfip-i^ri}}^/ County, thef *° "«• focaffets in PUmoufh County, the Manimcys in Bam^ ftahie County, the NanfetSy Mattachtejts^ Namaskets^^*^'' Mk who inhabited the Inland-Country between Provt^^'* ience and Merrimack Rivers^ the Narragarttfets^ who dwelt about Nero- London County, the Pequots and Wapenokesy with whom they were almoft always , at Wars *, the MarchicanSy the Sequenu in Hampflnr*^ about 20 Miles from the Coaft, the NavaRi and Ho- r^i^further wicii9n]ijir4d^.a{^|aet(i^crc Inhabitant! of the Conntifv; about , Co/t^elHtut 'Kiyer ^ the Mrro' tiggons to the >Veft\yar^ of the Majafoks j the Patux^ rrTbetween the.(!iomiiiesQfJ^d v PuMy PummCy Pintj Oil. Their Language, if pof- fible, is more barbarous than their Manners y and one wou'd think has not be^n refin'd fmce the Confu(io9 pf Tongues at i?f Martha*& Vtneydrd^ defir'd » y JTIj.v r>uU' 3i>. •• c Mws crnitot be true^ for you can't make your Words and Intentions tfue^ but mine are alv^ays true^ for Imak^ Umtrne, ■■■■ "y- ■ '.'fi':-"- lIo»«y. Xieir Money they call Watnpani, and is Beads made of the Shells of Fifti. Their Houfes are a few Matts tv'd about Poles faften'd ill the Earth. They U« a-nights round a fire without any Goveriug,- but the Turf or Bark 6n their Houfes. Their Cloathing is a Beaft's Skin upon their Backs, with an Apron h^rtgihg before thofe Parts that Decency among Savages requires to be conceal'd- Their chief Diet \sNokehickj parch'd Meal and Water boil'd up to a Onfiftericy, andtheFlefliof Deer, Bears, Mole and Rackoonsj Fifli and Fowl, when they can catch it. • Their Phyfick is fbme few odd Specificks, a Hothoufe, or Charms us*d by their Priefts. The Men are lazy •, ••'^' their Wives do all the Drudgery, plant, drefs, houfe, and thrafh their Corn, and builcl their Wigwams. The Men hunt in Companies of Scores, and fomfctiniet Hundreds toeether. ' They divide the Time by Slfeps^ Moons and Winters, They believe there arc many Gods, that every remarkable Creature has a God in it, or about it \ they facrifice to the Devil •, and , . D^incing is one of their Religious Ceremonies : They are great Dancers, and wiil ^^ end whole Days, Uke fo maiiy monftrous Scaramouches. Thofe of 'cm that are converted, conform themfclves as near as may be to the Engl i(h in every thing. And now 'tis time toipeakofthefe Indian Chrifti* ans, of whom the firft that embrac'd Chriftianity, was one Jacoomes^ a Mean Man of Martha's Ifland, whom Mr. Mayheio perfwaded to renounce Idolatry, which he did, and profefs'd the Chriftian Religion before the Sachems of his Country, telling them. Jrdms The God they worjhip'd had great Power^ but limited and (inverted, fuhfervient to' the God he had now Chofen, In io or 1 2 years time this Minifter converted fe- veral hundreds, and reduc'd them into the Form of Churches, over whom Indian Paftors were in time fer 'f after him, ^' Mr. Elliot^ Minifter of Roxburgh^ , , " about I '. <« about a Mile ftom Btfiony undertook the nv^dtiif^ Jlbflra^ of « ry Work, learn'dthe Indian Tongue, tranfla.ted'* ^^««'" «' the Bible, and feveral Treaties of Praaical Divi-/j;;»»^"c. ** nity, and Catechifms, in and about the year t(^7o.^rVr^ *< he form'dan Indian Church in a Towncall'd iSTri- j;''^ „"{,' " tukj baptiz'd them, and firft adminifter'd the t6td*i prof. at ' " Supper to them. The Minifter of that Church utrecht. " rp year's ago, was one i><«f/W an Indian. .MuEilttt " afterwards form'd four Churches of Indians in *^ Mafachufet Colony, ' ■■.'i'l^ " At Majh'ipangy yo Miles from Bofton^ another " Church ot converted Indians was eftablifli^d^and ** Jacoomes^4f, Minifter of £rty?/i/*w, preaching to " them often in their own Language. At JSfaAtucktt « Ifland is another Indian Church, the Miftiftetof " which is an Indian Convert. ** At Marrha*s f^neyard is the- two moft famous « Churches of Indian Chriftiang •, the Minifters be* " ing Jihn Hiacoamesj the Son of the former Hiacdo- *' WW, and JohnTockinoJhy a converted Indian. Thfty " meet twice every Sunday •, the Paftor prays exttm^ * pore with them, then they fing Pfalms, then th0 ** Minifter expounds a Chapter in the Bible, gathers ** Doftrincs from it, proves them by Scriptures and *' Reaibns, and infers Ufes as the Englifii Presbyterian "-Miniftersdo,by whom they were taught. They have " no Holidays, but Faft-days. The Barbarians being « ignorant of the true God, had no word to expreS " him \ wherefore in their Prayers and Sermons they " uie Englilh Words and Terms, as Jehovah, or *' God, or Lord. They teach their Children ^rrfow's .^ \ " and the AfTembly's Catechifm. There are four and twenty Churches and AfTemblies of Indian Chriftians in NewEnglandy as many Indian Paftors, and four Englilli, who preach in the Indian /M^wwj-wr, Tongue. They hive Apartments at Harvard Col- dents, H 4 lege \^ .tH*« >\ I04 7h ISflaiytf Utw^ViO^i, legf for the. Indian StnclenMy of which there are^ of were lately between 20 and 30. At Nantuckit Iflancl there were 500 Indian Chrifti- ans about xo years ago, who were wholly under the Engliih Government, having 3 diftin£t Courts, with Hb. 6. p. Power to hear and determine all Caufes below 406 1 ^v s in v?ilue. They chooiietheir own Maeiftrates, and ap. p^ from. them to the Englifh. They are ambiti- ous of knowing and following the Engliih Laws, and keep Records as the Englifh do. They put their Children to learn to write and read. Wthin the Liberties of Eafiham there were 50J Chrinian Indians 12 years ago^ who had four Indian Paftors, as many School-mafters, and fix Juftices of the Peace. Their Deportment, Converfe and Garh, are more Manly and decent than any other Indians. 2 X 4 Converts were about Sandwich'. At the fame time a new Church of 'em was erected 3tjilhany^ in the Province ofUew-Tork. Chriliiaii" TM^^ i^ngs and Powaws oppQs'd the Progrefsof ty epfoi'd <%i|lianit]^ to the utmoft of their power, but they fy their durft not make many Martyrs for fear of the Engliih, 9^*'it, p whom the Chriftian Indians in all times of Difficul- ty prov'd very faithful. Of thefe Indians there are about 15 or i^eo in Martha's Vlneyaird^ the whole liland being Chriftian <, and in all, 'tis computed, that the Number of Indian Converts and their Children may amount to about 4000 •, oiyihomjapht^ the Indian Paftorat Marty % Vheyard^ is a very famous Per(bn for making Converts, tho not as the French do at Canada^ by preaching up Heaven as a (brt of Mahometan or Earthly Paradice, and Hell as an horrible kind of a Dwelling, accommodating both to the Pleafure and Ibe Frmb Terror of their Senfes. They tell the fiurons that the mifrepn- Englifti murder'd our Saviour, and endeavour to make L^ riu Converts for their own Intereft, more than the Good %fJifn °f ^^^ ^"*^**"«- ^^^^ ^^« Catholick Indians to the g ^ • Eaftward of ^ew-Ettgland have not got much by 7.1 p^2oi. changing their Religion, As to the Englifti Inhabitants of this Colony, who they were that went firft thither, we ftiall belt be inr form'd of by Perfons who liv'd in tho(e days. The lb, f>, i^'i' Lord Pkhi ^ famous Confeflbr for the Cauie ol King Charlfs „„rlts\. faid in Pafliament, That Men ef the bef^ Can" Science were read^ iofiy into the WHdemejs far Religion ; bnd Sir Bemanun Kmyard^ That a ^eat fnultitme df 7he ISng's Subjects ftriving to hold Communion vnthus^ ha feeing htm far we were gfme^ and Je airing hem much farther we wot^dgOy were jorcd tofy the Land^ very pumy into favage Wildemeffes^ became the Land wou^d not hear them. Do not they that cauje theft things a^ ! Reproach on the Government. But tho 'tis certain, many of thofe Gentleman and inifters who firft went thither, were driven out ofi'j'/? Et»' Snglcmd by pcrfccutine Rulers oihith-flnM Principles, ^Jl» JnhM- yet they were not all of them of lucn nice Confcien- '**'*'• ces ^ for when a Minifter, foon after their Settlement there, preaching to his Congregation, Vr^d them to pprove themfelves a Religious People^ by endeavouring to ^r Of agate the Gofpel^ or otherwije they wou*d contraaiSi the main end of Planting, One of tne AiTembly cry*d pat, Sir you are miftaken^ Our main end was to catch . \fijh. However, it appears by their Hiftory they were very bufie in fettling Churches, fummoning Synods, jnd eftablifhing a Church there, which had the Form lof Godlinefs *, and it does not become us to judge Iwhether it was without the Power. ^, , The firft Churches vf ere Independents cr Congrega-^^"'^^ hiofial'^ (eversl Presbyterian Minifters coming over af- ^^''^^' Iterwards, there happen'd frequent Jars and Diiputes jf^fym« among them, till at laft tkey (ign*d Articles of Ac there. greenient as to Matters of Diicipline. They have had Iteveral Schifms, as they term tnem, amo^g them, as ithe Hierarchal Church at Weymouth^ the jinabaptifts at hmmfey^Tidi Bojtony Mr. Roger WiUiam/Sy whopreach'd up the Invalidity of King Charles's Pattent, and a- gainft the Sin of taking the Indians Lands from them, a moft pernicious Ix)£trine, for which he was Ibanifh'd. The Antinomian and* FanuUftical Tenets were Ibroach'd, and a dreadful Confiifion In Church-Affairs threaten'd to ruin the Infant Colony, but they got o*- ver all Difficulties, and fettl'd their Church in fome fort of Order, drawing up Ai tides of Worihip and Difcipline ', which &in£ more tedious than edi- Mng, we (hall not fet down here, but refer the Rea- der, if he has any Curiofity. to know them, to Cotton mother*^ Hifkory of Kcw-En^land. The lib. ^. . ,:Tke Jhdepemimt znd Preskyttfums having tgniA an a'Cotnprebenrion, are the J^abUjb'd Chwtky vA the Oaurch of England, AnabMtifts and Quaktrs thtl Tojlerated Diffenters, Theit ^o^j have refer v'dtol themfelves fo much Power, that the Government Imj little left it in Ecclefiaftical Cafes, and the Mini^eu of every Town are like fo many.Governours,witi)ia| their Preciflfts. I Civil Go- The Civil Government was at firft by Govemoonj vtmmnu Peputy Govemours, and Major Generals, chofen byl the General Cottrty who were the Deputies of ^1 V ^ Towns, like our BurgefTes in Parliament ;» but now! »' thofe Officers are commiilion'd by the King. As til their Power, and that of the Generahand Inferioofl Courts, their wavs of raifing Taxes, and making] Laws, we refer the Reader to the Laws of Nejf] England^ in the jibridgmertt So often cited in tUt| Treatife. Tbeir The Strength of thefe three confederate Colonici| Strength, confifts in the number of their Militia and Inhabitant! \\ it being computed, that in all NeW'Englattd ihctt tm above Kfooeo Souls, a^d of them 50000 fighting Men;! whereas the Indians, were they collefted into one Body,! ThatoftbeQoyi'^ not make an Araiy of loooo Men j but as rfiey Indies, gi^ divided into above 20 fcveral Kingdoms, differing in Language, Manners and Interefts, 'tisimp^ble 1 i. for them to enter into fuch a Confederacy, astobt '.I able to do the Engliih any confiderable Damage ^ and the latter, when they pleafe, can difpoflefs thcml of the fmall Territories they enjoy in their NeigVl bourhood i but either thinking it their Intereft that they (hou'd live as they do, to fumifli them withl Peltry^ and help to till the Ground, orthat 'tisanlfrl jufticeto turn tne right Owners out of their PofTeifr ons, or being afraid tiiat the French, jealous of the Growth of the Engliih Empire in Jimerica^ wou'dl join with them, riiey let them alone, and are in m\ great danger of receiving much Difturbance by them. I _., ^ The People of New-England^ in their way ofl ^/j^^-^'J' Living, Manners and Appearance, reiemble theirl tkJnkili- Brethren in Old-England^ excepting that they arcl tmts. n^oJ^e formal, precife, morofe, and not fo fmcere at the Engliih Diflenters. They are very fevere in their , f ^ u ' Lavi hyg tgainft ail &m of Immorality, and (b tiracb^ < Mf they thought Pleafure coaM not be innooont^ '^in the Execntionof thole Laws, there is fuitable idernefs had: to the Infirmities of Humane Ka^ ,,ie moft commendable thing among them, is their Idemyi and their Schools, every Townihip of 50 jiilies bdng obliged to have a School, to teach to ite and read y and every Town of too Familid^ have a Gr^mmar-Srhbol 1 the Mafter of which^ I be qaalifyd to fit his Scnolars for the Vniitirfity^ ..ch they began to eftablifli as foon as they weft ' liiiettrdintheQiuntry. * ■ n the year 1 tf 5 him tum'd oot, after he I been ferviceable to them in helping their Miniik trtnflate JD^t/B^'s P&bns. ^ Tis true 'tis a very mean Performance^ andi worthy the Spirit and Hamlony of that Divine P" but Muflck and Eloquence are not to be eipe£ New-England •, and till they throw off that wr« Afie£tation Which we commonly call Cnrr, andwli is of no mann^ lof ufe, unleft to deceive Fools, amufe Hypocrites, we cannot fee what great ufe 1 i^cademy will ever be to them, for 'tis tfiie main e Xjcarnins to pleafe and infiruft ; and how for Konfenie and kiiiferable Jargon, tho 'tis larded i hundreds of learu'd Quotations, can have any EffeAJ A reafonable Min.d| is beyond Reafon to comprehe The Hifiory of Nero-England 'written by Mather^ a Man of Fame in his Country, as appej by the barbarous Rhimes before it in Praife oif 1 Author, is a fufficient Proof, that a Man may bi read hundreds of Latine Authors, and be aualiry'd| conftrue them, may have fpent his Youth in a C lege, and be bttxl up in Letters, yet have neither ]« m knttD know )iowt|o makeaDiftourfeperlpictt^NiSi I Eloquence to exprefe his Sentiments fothattliey It pleafeand p^lwadew the eaiieft way to G>nvkEII> for of all tie Books that etei; came from the : ? f ^ with die venerable Title of a Hiftory. '^iit^ Ible to ihew one that is ib confiis'd in the Fon% ifial in the Matter, and To foulty in the Eipr£ 1, (a cramm'd with Punns, Anagrams, Acroftick% cles and Prodieies, that it cather refembles ..i Boys Exerciles Forty Years ago, and ^pm^ vends, man the Collections of an liiftorian bred Sn a Proteftant Academy. [The Reader will excdfe this Digreflion, which rdly can be call'd fo properly, itferving to give an ea of the ufe the Nevp-Engttvtd Men moke « their hlverfity, aiid to ihew how far an Humour or Affer Ltion may prevail to the Prejudice of the moil ufefal ^ jdreafonablethins^. [That Hiilory of Cotton ^r, they never timd it, except in the Caie of the Prefident Mr. >^^ Mather^ as will be ihewn in its due place. Dm/iar havins been 14. Years their Prefident^ withftanding all his Learning and Merit, was exp by his Brother Non-conformifts, for not conform^ with them in all things *, and Mr. Charles Cha Cliaunqr (bom in Hartfordflnre') Minifier of Seituate^ was Jrefidtnu }^^ Prefident in his place. He had been Greek Profeflbr at Camkridge in - land^ was skili'd in the Oriental Languages ; and, iii| my Author, the Hiftorian lb often quoted, wrotrf Witty Latin Voen m the Death of Queen Anne^ Wi| to King James 1. Printed in the J^ckrymA Cantdtt •nfis>. He was inamarely acquainted with Dr. I')^ and a Man ofigood Senfe and Learning accordiiu the Times, but was forc'd to retire to New-Engl for not coming up to Bp. Laud'i Heights in Mattenl »> Cereixiony. Their Ve- ins. Mr, 7»0'«il9^^K(B#;mi^fkd. lit' f|4 Qyvetn*i MtnyMrd College with Piety, Care ^Judgment fevWitecn Years, and then dying, was 1^71^ BCfcedS by Dr^ Leonard Hoary the firft Prefident Dr. Leo: iho had his Education in the fame College. After Hoar^/- vMeh he travei'd to England^ and commciK*,-! Doftor phyfick in Cambridge, He marry'd the Ld. Liflefs ^ugnter, and returning with her to NewEnfjiandy yas elefted Prefident of the College •, but fome great len in the Country taking a diiguft to him, the choUrs, countenanc'd by tnofe Gentlemen, were ■ery difobedient, and made him live fuch an uneafy Life, that after he had been Prefident four Years he Vign'dhis Office. While he govern'd the College there was a new ibfcription taken to enlarge it, and near 200 /. fnb- rib*d and paid, of which Sir Thomas Temple gave leo /. With this Money there were fo many Edifices ttilt, that it look'd like a new College, which ftill vent by the Name of the Old. Several Indians were , Emitted in the time of his Predeceffor, and in his vn Prefidency. The firfl: who took his Batchelours cgrec was Mr. Caleb Cheefchaumuk : Sirce that, o- bers have proceeded as far *, and many Indians e- BCttcd here, are Preachers to Indian Churches. Mr. Vrian Oakes^ Miniller of theTownof Crfw- '^'^J: fUgey was chofcn to fucceed Dr. Hoar, He wps^*;*^"'? lorn in Old-England^ but brought over young to^**'^^''^^* IwEngland* and educated in Harvard College, here he took his Batchelour and Mafter*s Degree. "lis Man, excepting that he was very religious fit the way of the Country, does not feem to ave had any extraordinary Qualities worthy le Station to which he was advancd, and in which iliv'd fixyears. On his Death Mr. Jncreafe Mather^ one of the iinifters of Bofion^ was elcfted Prefident, but his longregation refilling to part with him he declined ,^g2. \ and Mr. John Rogers was chofcn into that Place : Mr. John lis Father came to New-England when he was about Rogers Years old *, he ow'd what Learning he had to pref, vard College, and is comniended for abundance ^ood Nature. n his time the College was like to have been burnt to le Groundi but was prevented by his accidental flior-> tening 112 Mr, Inc Mather fre(. 1^ fSfi^if New-England* tening his Pra^yer V'it being the Cuftom of the dent 3 the College to pray in the Publick Hall ^^ the Scholars. Mr. Rogerij like the reft of his Brethr ns'd to be (bmewhat long ^ but on the Day thatt, Cpllese took Fire he yni ihorter than ordinary^ at ^e Scholar in whofe Chamber it was, return'j ^'- cnough to have it put out He dy'd after he had enjoy'd his Office two Ye and the pre(ent Re£tor Mr. Increafe Mathery chofen in his Place, to which he was now promoti with the Confent of his Congregation. This I was the firft Prefident who was born in Nertf-EmL whither his Father Mr. Richard Mather was drii by Perfecution in Kfjj. His Son is the Authors the I'^ewEnglofid Hiftory •, and the Father, when] was in Endand to(bIlicite the Affairs of the Count] as their Agent, preach'd often in the Diflent. Meetings 1 hi^ Stile being more affeAed and quaiii than thofe of the Non-conformfi Teachers who ui nioft famous in that way, ' and wou'd confirm al| that has been of the Harvard Eloquence, if any( his Sermons had been Printed. On the taking of the Charter from this Colonji Col. Dud'y^ whom the Kinghad made Prefident c. New-England^ chang'd Mr. Mather*^ Title of ?«/.| dent into that of ReUor, Mr Levc- ^^^^* ^^' -^^fh'^ was in England^ Mr. Levm Tct and '^'^^ ^^* Brattle J two of the Fellows, govern'd ^r.Brat- College \ and when he returned with the New Q ter granted by King William and Queen Mary^ thtl Univerfity had a New Charter granted them alfo I the Gowarnment of New-England, After this the Academy began to thrive, Haroari College or Colleges being too little for the Students Mr. Stoughton built a New one, with more Expenc than the Benefaftor of Harvard was at •, it is froral him call'd Stoughton Hall, and in both of them therej are near 400 Students Englifh and Indians. I This Univerfity has pr'■** the Univerfity before nor fince thought fit to bdlow it on any other Man. We fhall conclude this Ac- count of New England^ and its Univerfity, with a Lift of all the Prefidents and Fellows from the Foun- dation of Harvard College to the year, itf^s. A Lift of the Prefidents and Fellows o( Harvard College. Mr. Nath, Eaton^ Prefident, expell'd. Mr. Henry Dunfiarj Prefident, turn'd out. Mr. Charles Chauncy. Prefident. Dr. Leonard Hoar^ Prefident, refign'd. Mr. Vrian Oaks^ Prefident. Mr. John Rogers^ Prefident. Dr. Inc, MathtTy Prefident and Rector. ttfjo. 1540. 1671* 1675' I6S1. X584* Years ■ ' Mr. Samuel Eatoriy Mx.VrianOaksy Mr. 3^oA>» Ce>//w/, > Fellows. 114 r/&f i£jfoi7 (f Mew-BA^art^. ; Years in which they took their Batihclors Degree. Mr. 5/i;«wf/ Mather. lt:^ti^^- ' m.SamuelJ^anfortl, JFeilows. Ux. Jonathan Mitchely lyMiniwsw >Fellows. Mi\ MichaelWlggtefivorrhy tr-eiinw«. }Ax.Thmas I>uMey, JFellows. Mr. Thomas Shepherdy J^r. Samuel Nowelly Mr. Samuel Hooker^ Mr. 5/9/. »rfc,>,% Jf*"""*' Mr. Solomon Stoddard^ Fellow. Mr. j^lexander Noweliy ZtrpiUt-A Mr. >M P/wK .jFellowft- Mr. John Richardfony S^«U°WS. Mr. Nehemiah Hobarty Fellow. Mr. X)rtw>/ Gookiny Fellow. Mr. Ammis RuCorbety Fellow. Mr. Jfaac Fofier^ Mr. Samuel SevaUj Mr. Samuel Danforthy Mr. Ptffrr Thackery Mr. S.iw«f / Andrew^ ? ^ , , . Mr. iV^ribrt«/>/ G99hny J "^^^^'' t^'^yj* j<^j. itf «!/ MrJ ttM^fin^^f N^w^IS^land. m. ■ <■*-•, I ^twiv't », XtfSX. Mr. J0hn Dar^ph^ Fellow. Mr. Jtfhnhhimtr >F^lk)w% Vice i>|X^ Mr. W*//wiw iTrfrr/r, 5 dents* i Ifif. Samuel MmhH^ Fellow. A , Mr. i\r^i5>. WWf«r, t^ellow, : ^^ Mr. >ib» ffWr^* Fellow. ; . yd b' Mr. Paul Dudley, 2 r«ii^,L Mr. £^fW2.er F#iwl>frrw» F^ltew:.^^ v^- > Mv.Jabez. Btfht Fellow. j -i I T .. Ux, James jilUn^ Ir^i .„ il * Mr.atfr/«i^(>rw», 5*^^ -^ ,r;v,'.v,w'\ The two laft were bred in Englari4r ^^^ Mr. Mirton taught Academical Learning at ^ewingterij before he wasforc'dto fly to iV?hi>-£«gi^, jby the Perfepation in the late Reigns. 'Twas inipoflible to publilhaWorkofthisN^ure with that Expedition as was expe£^ed, the Aqfhor being oblig'd to flop longer for Intormations from A- merica than he at firft imagin'd •, by which means this Treatife has remain'd unpublilh'd till the prefent Year, 1708. We left Colonel Dudley in Pofleffion of the Govern- ment ^ and he began the Exercife of his Power with vigoroufly entering into the War with France on. that fide: He fitted out 4 Sloops, put 200 Men aboard, andorder'd them toermfe on the Fremh Coftft *, fron^ whom they took 9 Veifels *, and at the fame time, the New-England Privateers, who have been very fuccelT- ful, took i Ships bound for Canada. Sometime be- fore this Confiantine PhipSy Efq^ and Wil. f^aughan^ Efq^ prefcnted a very loyal Addrels, to congratulate Her Majefty's Acceffion to the Throne, in the Kame of the Province of NewHampffltire, There has happen'd no material Events fince rela- ting to this Colony ^ the fameGovernour continues in his Poft, and we (hould have added a Lift of the Coun- cil o( Majfachufets •, but the People, by Virtue of their Charter, choofing the Members themfelves, we could not orocure their Names, which are not regularly tranmiittcd to England. It feems the Province of Eaji I 2 ot MS 1677, xtfSo. \.' H6 r- ~ .'^ Tfe/*/?<»jrb/ New-Engknd. Gt Ner» Hampflnre^ which we have r(>oken of, deliver* j up their Rights entirely into the Hands of the King . who j>y the new Charter that was granted toit^ te- lelr'a to the Crown the Power of naming the Coiin. cil. Tho New Hampjhire is incorporated with the Government of i\^-£;9rg/tf«//fy^ Governour. JohnVJher^ E(q*, Lieut Governour. WtU Panridg/t* Efq^ TeterOpty Efq*, Eobert Elliot^ Elq; : l^/.r^«gU, Eft, *' Sam, PenhalbwyH^tXt John Plaified. Efq; ^JRichardfValdron, E(q:t '^.Winthrob Hilton. Efq; -'^ Jofeph Smithy Eiq j ^Counfellors. «mM iAmmmM .\ .* THE ( i«7 ) '^•^ . L. y THE HISTORY O F N EfV-VO R K: •#■'■ CONTAINING ^' An Account of its Diicovery, Settlement,' Revolution, and all other Events, to this Time ; Of th^ Climate, Soil, Trade, Inhabitants, Efigiifif and Indians, THIS Country was at firft call'd Novq Bel* ^a\ and the Vutch^ who pretended to the Propriety of it, indoded Martha's Viruyardy and EUzjabeth-Jfland : The former of which they call'd Henry Obr/^Ws Ifland ^ and the latter. A- drian Block\ftom the Name of two Matters of Ships, Who, they lav, di^over'd them: But it does not ap- _ " Id any Right to thofe Ifles, or indeed to the Continent on Hudfon^s River, till they bought it of pear they ha< Captain Hudfon^ who difcover'd it, and fold it to them about the Year itfos. which Sale being without the Kind's Licence, was excepted againit by the En^lijh *, but there were no Attempts made by them to fettle here themfelves, or hinder tho fiollanders. I 3 Thf ii8 The Hifiory of ^tyf'Xotk. The Engljftiy who failed itom Holland to xhtWeji. /miiVjL and iettled Tlimouth-Colonjy intended to take Pofltffien of the Territories lying on the Coaft o£ the Bay ^m*d by Ntwhaven Colony, and Lmg'J/land \ but the Mailer of the Ship being a Dutchman^ was brib'd by fome of his Countrymen to betray .them, and land them further Et^^d ^ which he did ac- cordingly, ?rid prevented their fettling in Nova Bel- rAffDutch«r«j f.liere the Hollanders h?^ begun to planf^ ttut Settkmm hid been driven Ihenfc by ^r Santufi Arg^h (fovet- nocir of PtranilK Tney then ap^Iy'd thimfellres to King ^amesi. who gave them leave to build tbiiife Cottages, Tor the Convenience of their Ships touching there for frefli Water and J'rovifions, in their Voy- age to Brazil, Under this Pretence, they incroactfd by little and little, ie much) that they built Towns, fortlfy'd thei^, plahtid, ahd ljec|imc a flourifliing Settlement. They built the City of New Amfierdam^ in an Ifle caird Manahattan^ at the Mouth of Hudfon'% River \ to which they ^ave the Name of tht Great River •, and the Bay to the Eaft of it. they call'd by that oiNaf- jau. They bui^t a Fort about 8 o Miles up the River, which they namfd Orange Fort^ and from thence us'd to drive a profitable Trade With the Indians^ Svho came over Land as for as from Quebec, to deal with them. Hkm Chrilkian^ and afterhim, Jacob El- hn, were the firft Dutch Governours here, for the Wifi'India Companv in Holland \ to whom the States GeneVal hadgranted this Country. ItsSoufids* The firft feunds of New-T^L wer6 Maryland on the South ', the Main Land, as hr as could be difco- V€t'd^ Weftward '^ the Great KiwQt of Canada^ North- ward ', and NewEnglandj Eafirpard. It now is re- duc'd into a much narrower Compafe ^ for King Charles II. having given this Traft of Land to the Duke of Tork, by a Charter, dated the lath of March^ 1 66^. the Duke made a Grant of part of it to Under-Proprietors, who call'd it Eafi and Wefi- Jerfey'y which are now its Limits in the Weft and South : On tht North 'tis bounded by Long-IJland\ and on the Eaft by New-England : Huafon's River di- vides it from the Jerfeys ^ arid a Line drawn between J(ye tnd Greenwich^ feparates it from New-England : So TheHiftprj/if Ncw-Vork. 119 So that the whole Province on the Contimnt is not a- bove 20 Miles over, but 'tis 120 in Length \ and what was properly caU'd Nova Belgia\ It lies between 40 and a half, to 42 Degrees, 50 Minutes, Northern Latitude. The Climate is more temperate than that of NnP'Englandj and the Soil Co fruitful, that one^heClimdto Bufliel of Englijh Wheat has produced a Hundred, «»'' "fo^V* which was a fair Temptation for the Englljh to de- fire it. Accordingly in the Beginning of the firft Dutch '*'^ Eng* Wars after the Reftoration^ King Charles thelld, who!'«i ''«'^«« had beftow*d it on his Brother, fent a Squadron of"' Men of War, and fome Land-Forces, under the Com- mand of Sir Robert Car^ to recover it. Sir Robert arriv'd there in the latterEndoftheYear i(f^r Jed 3000 Men upon JH^n^atttml^wA^ and march'd direftly to t^ew-Amfierdam. The Governour of the Town was an old Soldier, and had loft a Leg in the Service 0^ i\iQ States -^ but being furpriz'd atth* unexpe£led Attack of a formidable Enemy, and not knowing the certain Numbers of the £»^///;, he was prevail'd upon by the Inhabitants to furrender. Sir Kobert Car^ by Order from the King, had proclaim'd, that all who fubmitted. to the Crown of England^ ihoul^ be receiv'd into his Proteftion •, and the Citi- zens of iVhp-<^/w)lrr^tf;» fearing to beplunder'd, and outed qf their Pofleffions, if they refifted, perfwaded the Governour to deliver up the Town \ which they \ could not have defended againft the Befiegers, if they bad brought their Artillery to bear : And thus this Place fell mto the Hands of the Etfgtijhl Twashand- fomely built by the Vutch^ of Brick and Stone, co- The Tovm ver'd with red and black Tile-, and the Land being 'j/'New^ high, it affords ai> agreeable Profped totheSpefta- ^^^-H* tors at a Diftan^ie, Above half the Z5«/c/; Inhabitants remain'd, and took an O^^th of Fidelity to the King of £Wtf»^, Thofe th^t remov'd, had Liberty to car- ry oft their Effefts, and their Places were foon fup-» ply'd by Englijb. There are now above 800 Houfes, rhe meaneft worth ioq /. in this City, which for the , ' , ^ Strength and Pleafantnefe of its Situation, maycom-r , . ^ pare with any in the World. *Tis govern'd by a ; Mayor, Recorder, Alderman, and Sheriff, Common Coiincil| ConlUbles, and othqr inferiour Officers, in i 4 Imita- 1 20 The Hifiory of New-York. Imitation of the Government of the Corporations in Englatfd. It has but one Parifh Church, but that it large and beautiful^ and the Minifter has loo/. i Year fettled on him. The Council-Houfe is a kvt Edifice. James-Fort \s2i^tGQ^y regular Fortification, and commands the River. Behdesthis, ithasa wij) t6 the Land, mounted with Ordnance, andfeemstal def^ the Power oi French or Indians, There is a Prin? ' ting-Prefs in this Town, The Ifland it ftands in, is 14 < Miles long, but is not of a proportionable Breacltib.* It was inhabited by a Nation call'd the Manhattesy wbo were more feirce and barbarous than the other fndiant, Thefe the Hollanders dirpofleiling, had an Appear* ' ance of Right to fucceed them ^ but Arms decided die { pifpute much more to the Advantage of the Englijh'y 1 who 13 Days after the Surrender of New-An^tf danty to which City was now given the Name of I NeWfTorky march'd under Colonel Nicholls^ up^the { Country to Orange Fort, which flood on Hmfm\ River, 5 Miles below where the Eaftern Branch parts 1 from the Southern, and runs up almoft to the Lake of the Iroquois^ 200 Miles within Land. This Fort| Colonel Nicholls eafily reduc'd, and caird it NewA- hanyj the Duke of York^s Scotch Title. Here is always ! a Garrifon of two Companies of Soldiers. About 50 Miles above Nem-Tork is ISngfion^ a very I pretty Town, containing 200 Families, Englijh and Dutch* Tis well-built, and popular for its Big- nels. Twenty Miles above ^/id»j/, is ScheneBada^ a Town | feated in one of the fineft Vales in the World, not un- like the pleafant Valley, which the Trent waters, in | Nottinghamfijlre, to which it has been often compar'dl Here are near 100 Houfes. The Inhabitants are I part Englijhy and part Dutch. This Place was deftroy'd ;n the beginning of the late War with France^ by the French Indians^ who inaflacred the People, fparing nei- ther Age nor Sex ^ fmce which there's a Fort built to prevent a Surprize. Indian = Between this fort and New-Tcrk leveral Jndim\ NAtiDns, Nations dwelt •, as the Mackentavpomiy the PachamiA the Woorofjy the Mankikanty and next them, the Maquasy Weflward of Fort Orangey The Country all along is very fruitful; The /fl4i<«w,- whq are not .., .. . r- < . , -' very The Hiftory of i^ew-Yotk. 121^ ftrt induftrious, pofleft it all,^ except Sopors- Kill, oi\. Vcftcrri Shoar of Hudfmfs River. And the Dutch ? no Plantations there, as the Endijh have fmce, tho »ii *nd Country is ftill thin ofSettlements. On the Coafts is the County of Weji-Chefief, in Lhich are the Tovms and Pariflies of Wejk and iBJt-Ckefifry Tonkm^ De Cham, the Parifti of Rye^ ISttne^^ij Mmerenock and Bedfirrd. The County Ixown ana Parilh of Richmond, Sir Robert Car having Tovns, Iredoc'd all on the Eafi Side of HudfoHH River, took [in the Town and Fort of Arafapha and Ddaware- lOiftle, on the Wtjk Side, withbut lofin^ a Man. htaen IfUmd^ at the Mouth of Raritan River, and \lMg Jfl^^y followed the Fate of the other Towns. Thtts the EngHJt) oblig*d the Dutch to fubmit every whereto them. Co\. Nkholls'Vfz& appointed Govet-CokMet jnoar of the Province of New-Tork^ and he conclu- Nicholb deda League between the Inhabitants and the Jnr Governor. \iians. Before we enter further into the Hiftory of this Colony, 'twill berequifite to fay fomethingof Ijmg UJlandj vthich is part of the Settlement. Tis 100 Long Miles long, but 12 broad, and wis inhabited by the JflinJ, vBngliJh, before Sir ^o^f« C«r came thither ^ for King C Mat* hfj The Hifiory ^f Ncw<-¥ork. The Town and Pariih of Jamaicay the Town mi Parifli of Hemp/tedy Cmftable Town, Vtrecht^ andal thers of lefs Note, bielong to Oueens County. The whole IHand is furniftfH with convenient Hat bours 9 and off the Coaft, particularly the Eafieni lie feveral Iflands, but none of them inhabited. Sti!\ ten Ifland, at the Wefl: End, is xo Miles long, and j or 6 over. The chief Plantations upon it are Billebi^ it the South End ) and Palmers at the North : On the Eaftem Point is Dover^ another ftnall Settle. nient. In Long JjUmd there were alfo fome French Inhabh tants ', but now they are either remov'd, or fubje^l to the Englifl) Government. The JDvtch madeassooil Earthen WoxM the i6thL 5W,and coming to /^ww-^fW^met there sooofrmj and Canada h:dianSy and being provided with Cane Stores of all forts, and other NecefTaries for this 1 pedition, he advanc'd by the River of the Iroquoi towards New-Tor k. After a long March of above 10^ Leagues, ht came into the Country of the Orani gueje^ one of thole hve Nations, and furprifing tiw with fo great a Power, deftroy'd one of their Caftk burning their Corn and Proviiions. Colonel /-/frcAi havin(> Notice of this lnvalir)n, mar<:h'd with JEnglifi Soldiers, then m CjarrTfon at A'ew-Tork, a dy ot^ thcMilitiii, and fomcof the Jndtan Allies, T^.lL PUI Colotrcl f'l^tchcr the Ittfiory of New-York. '^ 127 iflt a Stop to the Progrefs of the French, The Count Vrmtenac hearing of his Approach, made a hafty Rc- at. Upon which, a Party of the Upper Nations of Indiam^ Friends to the BnglUh^ who were iming to their Relief, attack'd his Rear, and kill'd reral of the French^ who were not only difap- inted in their Projett^ but fuffei^d a great Lbfe. xiJroqmife were all exafperated againft them, by , lis Invafion, and defir'd tol. Better to meet the Scfjof their Nations at ^l>^»y- to concert Meafures ith them, for carrying on the war againft the Com* ion Enemy, and revenge themfclves on the Count Prontenac for invading their Country. Col. ckr's Succeflbr wasCol.Sf/«(gkpr. 'Twasin the Jnterreputm, if we may be a\lovt*d Colonel loufe that Word, between this and Q)l. F/^fc^er's Slaughter overnments, that Col. Le^ey took on him that^»v«''«'«'* ffice, without any Commiflion from England* He as of the Faftion that always pretend to be more ,calous for the publick Good than others. Andfuch retences ^jever want Partizans. The Number of he Magiftrates of this Province, who fided with h iin, tre equal, at leaft, to the other ^ and cou'd he have aintain'd the Power he had ufurp'd, till he had irocur'd Remonftrances and AddreiTes. to be knt om them to England^ he doubted not he fliould be " ' ble to get his Authority confirm'd. His Hopes, in- ted, feem'd vain and chimerical. For no Prince ill ever think that Perfon worthy of Power, who Humes it without his Confent, let hisCaufe, or hii lerit, be what they will. Mr. Jacob MUbum was iSjgreat Friend in this Aflfeir, and viry inftrumental ncurinc the Fort. But when Col. Slaughter arriv'd ith the King's Commiffion, he got into the Fort by Stratagem ^Teiz'd Le/ley the Govcrnour, and Mllburn^ id order'd them to Ije try'd for High Treafm, for lolding the Fort out againft him, and killirf jt, one of is Men ^ he being the King's Lieutenant. The [udges and Jury made no great Difficulty of condem- ning them, and they were accordingly condemns, |ind executed as Tray tors. The Governour, Slaugh' p, proceeded a little too haftily in this Affair, and doubt would have been fcnt for to England, and erhaps ferv'd as Le/Iey was, had he not dv'd in Nrw- Tork 128 The Hiftory of New- York* Torhy where his Faftion was but too much encourag'J efpecially after the Lord C—'s Arrival. Slaughter Afx^i Jofeph joftph Dudley y Efq^ oiNewEnglandy held tnisGoverJl Dudley nient till the Arrival of the Earl of BeUomont^ whom j Govermur. Majeftv King William^ had made Governour of NtSi Englmd arid NewTork, The Lord BeSomont intendijl tortfideat iVw-TVrit, it being the plcafanteft City i ^he Engliflif jtimerica ^ but when he arriv'd at An England^ the Affairs of that Province requir'd hisPri fence, and he appointed Col. Dudley to be his Deput] at New-Terk, and after him Mr. Nanfan, »,Jn the Year 1700, the Deputy-Governour fet up Poft-Office in Long Jjland^ which runs twice a We form Northfleet to Nettleied^ Egertm^ AJhford^ h ' tingtm^ Oyfter Bay^ Elujfnng^ Newton and BedM iWr, Nan. wher? the Mail is carry'df over in the Paflage-Boatl fan! De- > New-Torh He alfo appointed a Packef. Soat, ftftf Co- tc ?p from Northfleet to Stomton, in New-Ertfjand^ vt 'te^Ksur, iv convenient for the Trade and Correfpondence be rs Sin the two Colonies. About the fame Tinit I'co of the Scots, viho had fettled at Darien^ paq i»H(> New'Tork, and took their Piifage Homeward ailer they had abandon'd that Set'deraent, but the D puty Governour refus'd to aflift them, pretending; tou'd not do it in the Abfencc of the Earl of Bellom who was then at Bojion. A Library was erefted, thi] Year, in the City of New-Tork: And the Dutch Ink] bitants built Mills to faw Timber^ one of whic wou'd do more in an Hour, than yo Men in 2 Dayj The Earl of Bellomvnt lent over a very Loyal Addrefd from this Province, which wasprelented to the Kinaj by Co\. By ardy their Agent, in London^ who had tS Honour to ^ifs the King's Hand. His Majefty, id Jwtey i?^'-} appointed William Atwood^ Efq^ tobj Chief J'.itice of the Province of NewTork^ and h^ held that Office till the Arival of the Lord Ornh Son oiihe E. of Clarer.difty who was made Governouj of this Province, on tht; Death of the E^rl of Bellomon ' In the Year 170s, His Lordihip remov'd thithcii with his Lady and Family, and has refided there evei fince. He remov'd Mr. Atwood from being Chiej Juftice, and made other Alterations in the Govern] ment. The Party that cfpous'd Col. Le/ley\Ciw continn*d ftill, and Mr. Atwood fell in with them, •3r- The Hiftory of New- York. 1 29 ^ndeed did many good EngUpmen. They were charged ith favouring the Dutch^ and they charg'd their nemies with the fame Partiality for the French ^ but re will not enter into this Dilpute, which caus'd a _f eat deal of Troubfe hot\i itv New-Tork and £»£- The Lord Cornbury treated all Le/leys Friends ■oughly enough, and carry*d it with a high Hand. 'his Lord was afterwards Governour of Nex9' erfey, for he had not been long at New-Xork before le received Advice of KmgWilliam's Death, and Let- ers from the Lord CoramilTioners of Trade, with jne inclos'd from the Pilvy Council, containing Di- eftions to proclaim her prefent Majefty, which was one with great Solemnity the i zth of June^ \ 70 j. isLordlhipwas, on this dccafion, attended by the layor, Aldermen and Common Council \ the Clergy, encbmen and Merchants ofNew-Tork ^ and the next iay having alfo receiv'd a Commiffion from Q.ieea ]n»e^ to be Governour of the Jerfeys^ he went over tie Vv'^ater to fee the like Proclamation made there, y Lord continues in the Government of thsie Pro- nces to this Day. It was impollible at this diftance from the feve- al Places we write of, to keep exaftly to the Me- lod we propos'd to our felves ^ and having, fince le Writing the above Account of New-Tork^ re- /c/7'Inhifcv'd further Information from a Gentleman of ^ood Credit, we now communicate it to the Rea- * ier. The City of New-Tork is thought to contain near ' ^000 Hoales, moll of them very wt^il built. The jreat Church was built in the Year i^^py. Col. pucker being Governour, by the charitable Con- ibutions of himlelf. Col. Nichoijm^ Governour of TiTginia^ and other well-difpos'd CKriftians. This Church ig dedicated to the Holy Trinity. There re alio a Dutch Church, a French Church, and a Lit- [fcerj^/ Church*, and a Freefchool procur'd to be ereft- by the prefent Governour. 1 he Minifter of the IrMjh Church is the Reverend Mr. William ^cfcy. The '.iiy has a v>ounty belonging to it. For the whole rovi'.icc of NcW'Tork is divided into t ©'Counties ', five ftheni, viz.Albuny^'lfier^Dutchcfsprangey and Kmg'% |Cuar.ty, axe inhabited by the Vutch^ and Perlong K of 1 j o The Hiftory of New- York. oi Dutch Extraftion. The five other Counties are, I Queen's County, Suffolk County, Chefitr County, Richmond County, and NewTork, The Walls before- mentioned in the Defcription of this City were ftanding when 'twas call'diVtw. jimiierdam^ but its chief Defence now is Atne Fort, and two new Batteries, one on each Side of thj Narrows^ to fecure the Place by Sea. The Fort isial good Order -^ and there are no\V two Companies of I Foot in Garrifon in it, the Governour's and Captain [ Peter Matthews*s, I We have before made mention of the Town ofl ■ Albany. There is a ftrong Stone Fort begun by the Lord Cornhuryy in the room of the Old Fort, which! was only ftockado'd. The Town of Albany is moft-j ly inhabited by iht Dutch 'j it is near i jo Miles from Ncw-Tork, The Province being above 170 Miles in I Length, our former Computation was too ftiortl Her Majefty has been gracioufly pleas'd to fend a U ' nifter here *, and the Reprefentatives for this Coun-I ' ty in the AflTembly, defir'd they might have a Church of England Paftor there, tho the Inhabitants are ge. nerally Dutch. Here the Governour often has Con- ferences with the Indian Kings ^ and a famous onel was holden in the Year 1 702. my Lord Cornbury being! prefent, as alfo Col. Peter Schuyler^ Major Dim Weffelsy Commiflioners for treating with the Jndim\ ' John Bleecher^ Efq^ Mayor of Ncw-Tork^ J. Ahttl\ Efq^ Recorder, John Roofehoom^ E(q-, AldermanJ David Schuyler^ Eft]*, Alderman, John Schuyler^ EfqJ Alderman, and Mr Richard Lev inifion^ SecretaiyfoJ Indian Aflfliirs. Hilletie van Olinda^ an old Dutchl Woman, was Interpreters. The fiift that had Audi-I ence were 2 Sachems of thtOmada Indians^ fiveSa{ chems c>f the Iwightwights and Tionondade Indians^theii the Sacrscms of the five Nations, in Confederacy with the KngiiJ/j, the Oneydes^ the OnontagcSy th« Cayougtt\ the Sinntkesy and the Maqunai \ where mutual Prefent were made, and Affliirs of Trade fettled. Here are two Companies in Garriibn, Lieutenant Governouij Richard Jrtgvldsby\y and Captain W'^ct/^i.'s ^ and the Garrison is often reinforced by Detachments Iron Nev^lork, The Hfftory of NcW'York. At SchetieBada^ of which we have already fpoken, is an old fort, out of Repair, and the Palliradoes ve- ry rotten. The Garrifon here is Part of that at Jlban)!' This Place is much more populous than be- fore the French dettroy'd it. Other Forts are on the Frontiers, as. the Half^moon^ Nefiigaun^ and Sardhge, Indeed tht Engliflj cannot be too careful of the Defence of their Frontiers here, confidering what a powerful Enemy they have nt Canada -^dLtid 'tis faid the Expedition lately undertaken by Monfieur Herbev vi/le againft Nevis^ &c. was intended againft Ntxo* Tork'. For when Mr. Nanfan was Deputy Go- yernour, a French Man of War, as vv6 are inform*d, was fuffer*d to enter the Harbour, which the Captain order'd to be founded, and gave In%rmation of it to the Court of France, The Stores at New-Tork were in luch a Condition, that the Inhabitants were very glad they had no want of any ^ for had they been put to the Trial, they doubted whether they fhoula have been able to have made fo good a Defence as they would otherwifefhave done. We muft defire the Gentlemen of J^wYork not to expeft that we Ihould efpoufe their Faftions : I^ we have been betray'd by fonie Perfons to fpeak too favourably of Lejley\ from their Mifreprefentations, we fhall not rake into the Alhes of the dead, and affront my Lord Bellomont's Memory, out of Com- plaifance to others. We have been inform'd, fincc the firft Part of this Account of New-Tork was written, that Col. Lejley% Ufurpation happen'd before Col. Fletcher's Govern- ment, and confequently that my Lord Bdlomom fuc- ceeded Col. Slaughter ^ but the Fad is true, and as to Chronology, if we fometimes err, 'tis the Fault of fuch as undertook to furnifli us with Memoirs : We fpar'd no Pains to have the beft •, and the World will fee, by the Names of the Gentlemen. from whom we had our Informations, that w<; could n )t have better Authorities. Kinpjton lies between Albavy and Ncw-Torky on the Well-fidcof the River. The Houfesare llragling, c\«iept about loo, which compote the main Town. iin ilu County of l^uit'ChejUr. we muft note one *Ji I J2 ' The Hiftory ^ New- York. Pariih at leaft, that of Dechawy is not yet laid out, and perhaps th^ Name is miftaken. There's but one Church in this Countyj at Weft-Ckefter Town, but there's a fettled Maintenance for two JVlinifterf, at 50/. yearly each ^ one for Wefi-Chefier^ of which Mr. Barton is Reftor, and one for I^ye, We have nothing more to fay of Richmond Coun- ty and Town, but that it has an Aiiowasce for a Mi- nifter at 40 /. a Year. If we take anotl.er N'ltw of Long-Ijlandj we muft correal an Error in its Situation, which is a Print- Fault, for 'tis South-Eaft from New-Torky as New- England is North-Eaft. The Ifland is lyo Miles long, and contains Queens County, Suffolk County, and Richmond County. 'Tis fometimes call'd iST^jJ^K- Jjiand. In Qu^n's County are two Churches, fup- ply*d with Incumbants. Jamaica^ of which the Re- verend Mr. W^///w/« 'L'r^MWr is Miniller, hehasyo/. a Year, by Subfcription, from the Torhflnre Clergy, and 15 /. for Books, The Town confifts of about 40 Houfes. Thf other Church is at Hempfiead, of which the Reverend Mr. John Thomas is Reftor, who has the fame Income From England^ rais'd by the Society for propagating theGolpel, as Mr. Vt" quhart has, and both of them are allow'd 60 I. a Year a piece in New-Tork. 'Tis la the Plain ntar this Town, call'd thence Hempftead Plain, that the Races are generally run •, and the Breed of Horfes being famous here, the Militia Regiment in this County is Horfe. ■^ ' Suffolk County has two Towns in it. Oyjier Bay, where are 50 Houfes •, and in Huntington as many, but no Church built. There are abundance of DiiTcnters, Jndependants and Quakers. Having nothing more to lay uf the Hiftory of New ' ■ Torky we iball proceed to that ut' the Jeyfeys, having , fiilt given a Lift of the Chief Officers, Civil and Military. ,, The Right Honourable iVirrfr^ Lord Vifcount Cornbury^ ^ovcrnour,. Tetif Vv The Hifiory u/ New-York. «JJ I ^ Counfellors. -^\ Peter Schuyler^ Efq-, , William Lawrence, Efq*, Gerardus Beckman, Efq*, ^p t/^w D^rrf, Efq', Caleb Heathcot, Efq; 7homas Wenham^ E(qv Willian van Ranflau^ Efq^ ^og^r Mom^effon^ E(q^ 5^ 2 Company, by the Lieut. Govern. ^tV. Ingoldsby, Efq*, 3 Company, by Cap. Weems. 4 Company, by Cap. Peter Matthews, Engineer, Mr. Reldknap, Kl THE />> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) i^ ^/ I/a 1.0 I.I Ui|28 |2.5 •^ 1^ 12.2 XL Ul y£ ^ |J4 L6 < 6" » 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation ^s V ^ '^ O 33 WIST MAIN STKIIT WIMTIR.N.Y USIO (7U) •7a.4S03 Q> «}4 THE Xhl. Robbi. HISTORY NEW-JERSEY. THIS Country* before the Surrender made by the late Proprietors of the Government, in- to Her prelent Majefty's Hands, was divided into two diftinft Provinces, but as 'tis now under one Governour, and one Council ^ fo we give it but on; >ianie. The firft Difcoverersof this Country were the £ff^- lijh •, and the firft of them Capt|ki Hudfm. Tis in- eluded in NovaBelg^a^ by MrTDeiatt. The Jndu genx^ or firft Inhabitants of this Territory, were the J^araticongi^ on the North Side of Raritm River : Tht Adinquaas^ the CapltanajfeSy the Gacheos^ and th? Semeaas on the South. The latter inhabited the Country up almoft ;is high as the Falls of the River. The fivll Eunpcifis that iettled here were the Sfpedes^ who had three Towns, Chrlfiinay call'd by Indians^ An- dofiokity mjmbw'gh and Gcncmburg. Their Settle* jnents were chiefly on the South fide of the River, and ow tlir Frontiers of Pcnfylvartia^ oppofite to which Province tlierc'sa Place, to this Day, call'd I-orr f'Jmthurrh, But the Swedes made very little of their riantation. Andtlie Dutch, always induftrious in their Trade, work'd them fo far out of it i that Mcrghen, the Northern Part of ifevf-Jtrfey^ wai almoft entirely planted by the ^((inders. Kine Charles II. vshu, like his PreUecelfors, look'd upon the Continent of The Hifiwy of New- Jerfey. 1 1 5 I of Afnerka^ from Canada to Florida^ to be his Right, incerted this Tu€t in che Grant he made to the Dulcc (Jf f(?rit, the 1 2th oi Marchyi 66 \, But the Englijh never fettled to the South of Hu^fori's River, on that fide IMitrylattd^ till leveral Years after the Dnkc had in- vefted this Province in J^^»Lord Berkh^ and Sir weorge Cartarettj by ihi:'S2im^ of Nova Cajarea'^ their Charter beari; Date the 2^th of Jme, i66\ : The Lord Berklys Afliinee, Sir George Cartarett agreed ta divide the whole Country into two Parts. Eaft Kev* Ijtrfeyy or that Part which borders on New-Tork^ fell ; ItoSit George Ctrtaretf'^ mdWefi-Jerfevy or that Part which borders on Penfvlvania^ to the Lord Berkly, But before we enter fartner into the Hiftory of thefe two Provinces, it will be convenient to give a Geo- graphical Defcription of them, that the Reader may mve a better Idea of the Places we fpeak of. New'Jerfiy contains all that Country, to ufe tho Words^of the Patent, hms to the Wefiward of Long- |lJland4wManliattas-I(land, ar New- York, and bound'. Bounii'. Vthn the Eafi^ Part hy the tniin Sea. and part by Hudr |lon'iJS/vrr, and extended Southward to the malnOceany uUras Cape May, at the Mouth of Delaware River ^ ad to the tforthwardyosjar as the Nort her mofi Branch of tbtfaid Bay or River tf/uelaware, which is \i Degrees mi 40 Aiinutes of Latitndey Mid crcjing over thence in I jtreiight Line to Hudfon'j River ^ m 41 Degrees of La* mude \ which [aid Tra^ of Land was then caltd Nova ICcfaria, or Kew- Jerfey, by all •, and thus we fee it his the main Sea on the South Eaft, the Riwer Delaware to die Weft. Hudfon's River to the Eaft, the main ILandto the North, and lies between 3^ and 40 Degrees of North Latitude : It extends it felf in Length ori the Sea Coafts, and along Hudfon's River about 120 iMiles *, and is almoft as broad as loni> where 'tis broad- eft. We muft now take fome Notice of the two Pro-f vinces diftin£lly. The big^eft and beft inhabited of thefe was Eafl- . Ijerfey^ which extended Eaftward and Northward, all ^' "' lioig the Sea Coaft and Hudfon's River, from Uttle J^"'^' £^ Harbour to that Part of Hudfon's River, which is ill 41 Decrees of Northern Latitude *, and South- ward and Weftward is divided from Wefijerfry by a Line of Pmition, paftlngfrom£^ Harbour ioCyof[- 1 j6 The Hift&ry of New-Jerfey. xpick River, Stony Brook, and the South Branthof J?*. ritan River. It extends in Length along HudforC% RiJ ver, and on the Sea Coafts i oo Miles. In Breada 'tis very unequal, being in fome Places crowded by Wefi-Jerfcy \\inVi\s however the moil valuable Part of this Country. It was divided into Counties \ as Bergen County, on Hudfon*% River , Ejffx County, Middleftx County, on the North Side of Raritan Ri- ver ^ and Monmouth County on the South. We (hall begin with Berghen Berghen County. It lies on Hudfon's River over a- Cfwiy. gainft New-Torh^ and was the firft planted of any part of this Tra£^. This, as well as the other Parts ottke Jerfeysj is extremely well water'd with Rivers *, befidej that oiHudfon^ there are Nackinfack River, Ptfaieh Ri* ver, and feveral lefs Streams. The chief Town 1$ Berghen^ and indeed the only Town in the County, for the reft of it is 0«^Plantations. Within the Precinfts of this Townfhip, are loooo Acres of Land •^^n - caft out \ that is, aflign'd over by the Proprietors to Tenants in Fee \ and in the County are loooo Acrei caft out. The Town is not very larg^, however it has • jyo Inhabitants, moft of thtnrDutchy who have been fettled there* above 40 Years. In the County an reckoned a like Number of Inhabitants, by which we underftand Men,Wonien,and Children. BerghenTom ftands on the Weftern Point of the Neck of Land, whi^'h, with Staten Ifland, forms a Sound. Effex flP^'^' County is of Note for EUzjibeth Town, which Ctwty, lies rhree Miles within a Creek, oppofite to the Weft End of Staten Ifland. Here the tngUJh fettled firft, and this Place has thriv'd moft, noiwithftanding the Endeavours that have been us'cl to make a Capital of Perth. It has 2yo Families in it, and 40000 Acres of Ground caft our- Here the Proprietors have a Planta- tion, whicli goes by the Name of their Farm^ the Government of the Provinces manag'd. Courts kept, Alfcmblies held, and the ^rcateft Part of the Trade of the Colony carry d on. Nirrr-k is the moft compaft Town in th^Jerf(ys\ it lies '< vr 7 Miles Noriinvard from Elizjibeth Town,^ confiils of about looFamilies, and has t<^ooo Acrcsof land laid out to be cultivated. The Weftem Part of this County is water'd by Rmay River \ upon which which is ountair ( The Kfiory cf New- Jerfey. Lhich is a Saw-Mill •, and Northward is a Ridce of Jountains, call'd the ^Itw Hills. The next Conn- IJ7 ^Mlefexy the moft populous and flouriftiing for Middlefex \\sOut Plantations, tho the Capital of the Country, Oiwiy. ftrth City, which ftands in it, does hardly yet deferve the Name of a Village. In this Divifion of the Pro- vince are two Towns : pifcattaway ■lotttb I J 8 The Hifiprj (f Ne w- Jcrfey. lie at the Merchants Doors, tho of 300 Tun BurthenJ yet we do not find that Pirtb City deferves tQ\ Name better than ^*^ James City in yirgmia^ whicM is not fo big as Kenttfi Town in MicUlefix^ in f »«. land, Twas intended there fhould have been a Mar* I ket here, but there is now no Occalion for one. M tlong the River Raritan. the Country is thick ofl Plantations *, the chief ot which were fet out to tyral of the Proprietors, Mr. Robert Barclofy and Mr. W^l Dbckma, From hence we crofs the River, and come to Monmouth County : Where we firft meet witl^ Mddleton^ a pretty good Town, confiding of koI FamilKjs, and 30000 Acres of Ground, in what they call here Oi^ Plantations- Tis about xo or 12 Mile) over Land, to the Northward of Shrewsbury^ and w| Miles to the Southward of Pifcattatvay. Not taroif,the Shoar winds it felf about like a Hook ) and, being &ndy, gives Name to all the Bay. Swewsbmy is the moft Southern Town of the Pro- vin^ce^ and reckoned the chief Town of the Shire. It I contams about xtfo Families^ and )oooo Acres of Out' Plantations belong to its Divifion. Tis fituated oq the Side of a freOi Water Stream, thence calPd Shrevn- \ bury River, not far from its Mouth. Between this Town and Aftddletoa is an Iron Work ; but we do ■ not underftand it has been any great Benefit to thM y Proprietors. Coh Morris is building a Church at thi [ Falls. There's a new Town in this County, call'd, freehold^ which has not been laid out, and inha- bited long. It does not contain as yet above ^o Fa* milies -, and as to its O^r-Plantations, we fuppole they are much the fame in Number with the reft, and may confift of about 30000 Acres. VJ-i have not divided the Counties into Pariflies, and that for a very good Rea(bn, there being nonOi nor indeed a Church in the whole Province, worthy that Name. But there are leveral Congregations of Cliurch of Errgltutd Men. as at Shrewsbury^ jinihtyy £liz.abeth Town, and Fr::hold^ whofe Minifter is Mr. John Beaky hk Income is tf j /. a Year \ and a Church is building at Salem. As f )r, Weft- ^cfi'jerjeyy We can only give a general Account Jcrfey. ^f it *, for it is not divided into Shires, as E^'NeW' Jerfey is •, tho Dr. G.v, when he was Proprietary, or- dered Th Hificry of Npw-Jerfey. 1 1^ L'j feven Counties to be Uid out *, as C^$-May ounty, SalhatnCoKiXit^^ Cltmcefier County^ &c» but iSuccenors did not go on with his Projeft. Thp * M'Jerfiy has not fo many Towns, nor is fo well [anted and inhabited, the Number of its navigablo \esis renders this Province as commodious for Trade I the other. They lie at a convenient Diftance, ap^ imeof them run up a good wav into the Country. The raoft Eafterly Point of Land jp Weft-Jerfey^ is ^M^y at the Mouth of Delawart Bay, and over ^inft Svjfex County, in Penfylvmia* The Tra^ of lod between this and Uttlf Egg Harbour, which di« jes Eaft and Weft New-Jerfty^ gpes by the Name of jt'May County \ but we do not underj}and, th&t ^e is now any other Pivifion of this Province ho^ oor*d with the Name of a County. Here are feveral ftr^gUng Houfes on this Neck of ;nd, ihe chief of which is Cox*% Hall \ but there'^ et no Town, Moft of the Inhabitants are Fiflier^ U, there being a Whalery at the Mouth of the ay, on this as well as the oppofite Shoar. Next to ■Mny is Maurice River, between that and Coheth •lis the biggeft in all the Country. Neift to it ICohenzyj^ a fmall River, but deep and navigable foir ball Craft. Ten or twelve Miles up this River, is \\m.y Town ^ where are about 80 Families. From %w}ce River, the next Stream to Cape-MayyX]n» * , iyand River of Delaware waters all the South-Eaft, outh, and South- Weft Part of Wefi-Jerfey. The aatations, (bme of which are fo dole, that they AVe affum d the Name of a Town, lie all along on at 5^j/and River^ and moft of them on Creeks, Antioch is a ibrt of a Town, and has a little Creek elonging to it. Next to it, nearer the Mouth of ^thxware River, is Gibbon'^ Creek ", next, j4Uoway\ treck •, and then V ort Elfimburgh^ at the River's Mouth, jnd over againft New-Cafile County, in Penfylvania ; It formerly belong'J to the Swedes, Near it the Ri- Rr Sdham falls into the Delaware, There's a Town Ibout half way up this River towards its Head, from >hence it takes its Name. 'Tis 20 Miles from Cdhen'> and contains about 120 Families. One of the [!ountie$, laid out by the former Sk'oprietary, was |[om this Place call'd Salem, X 140 The liftory of New-Jerfcy. Kfii's Point and Town, if it may be fo call'd, d over zgyXniX New-Cafile Town. Next to it is ifa^ Creek, then Kacoon Creek, then Almm Creek, i^ ^Iflan J, and Wafs Creek ^ the latter oppofite to Cht^^ *\nPerffylvania-^ xhttv Great MantoCtQt}^^ thenfjpi, heriy River^Green Bank,and then Gloucefier Creek^ X^boper's Point,over Sig^iniiPhiladelphia on thcDelant Chucejier is a good Town, and ^ave Name to a Cot ty in the above-mention 'd Proprietary's Divifionoft l^rovince. It contains near i oo Houfes *, the Count about it is very pleafant. Above this is Panthai Creek, thtn Northar»pton or Rancocos Riwcr -^ andthd Turlington Tovfti J the Capital of this Province ^ dboi] thirty Miles from which there Jire few or no Plant] tions. in this Town the Courts and jiffemhlies of JT^ Jerfe^ us'd to be kept. It contains about 200 Famj lies, and has an an fwerable Number of AcresJaid on by the Proprietary to the Under-Servants. TneHoi! fes here are well built, andalmoftall of Brick, 1\ Market affords Plenty of all forts of Provifions. 1 gave Name to one of the fevcn before-mention'i Counties. Above this Town is another, call'd Mi denheady below the Falls alfo, containing 40 or 51 Families 3 'tis built on Dr. Ccx's Lands : And there! another (mall Town above the Falls. About 40 Mile higher is the Country of the Minifincksy an In^ Nation. The Soil being very fertile thereabouts, *A cxpefted this Traft will be next inhabited, it borden ing upon NewTorky and has Communication with ill by Means of the Kiver ^foptu\ which having vraj ter'd it, flows into Hudfons River, near KingM This Province has aKb an eafy Communication witl| Maryland^ there being a River within its Liraiti which runs not above eight Miles from the Bottom Chefsapeak Bay ^ and there was once a Projeft on Fo to cut thro' th.it ei^ht Mile?, but rir^inia and /ilirf land opposed it fo vehemently, that it did not fuc] ceed. The Trade of Weft Ncrvjerfcy^ and Eafi-Jerfey^ alfo the Soil and Conveniences of Rivers and Creeks, are much the fame^ except that Wffl-tjerfeyy by itj Situation on Delaware River, abounds mor^ in th^ hitter. Boti The Hiftory of New-Jerfey. ; 14.1 iBoth thefe Provinces, as to the Soil and Air,Tfcff SoiU fc a near Relation with that of Penfyhania -jJr^de, S^c> iTlfo to its Trade and Produfts. The Coun-. yields Plenty of all forts of Grain •- and thct j^bitants are faid to have been fo Icrupulous, it they would not enter upon it* before they I given the Indims (ome Satista^lion : But jc needed not fo much Nicety •, for 'tis eer- ily very lawful for any Man to polTefs him* of any Land that is delart and uninhabited, as- j was towards the Sea-Coaft efpecially. The few \0s that are to be met with in the Jnfeys^ are ra- T a Help than an Injury to th^ Inhabitants, who flh their Number was m-ich greater. The Engitjb lib numerous in comparifon of the Indians^ that it was in the Nature of the latter, they lirft not offer the leaft Injuftice to the New-Comers, :they might foon be extirpated by them, it being inputedji that there are 10 or 12000 Souls of the Mljh in this Province, and of thefe about 2000 pa fit to bear Arms, and not 200 Indians in Twill beneedlefs to enter into the Particulars of Produfts of thefe Provinces, fince, as we have J, it has fo rtiuch Relation to Penfylvania, Pro- [fions are the chief Trade here, which are thence Sorted to the Sugar Iflands. They have alfo fome frs, Skins, and Tobacco, for an Engli/h Market \ Oil, Fifli, and other Provifions for Portugal^ 9, and the Canaries, Ships may be built here bp and conveniently at Perth Amhoy\ ButJVhp- mlmd carries away that beneficial Trade from all ^ K reft of the Englijh Colonies, on the Northern ^ntinent of jimerica. This Place was at firft as kely to be foon inhabited as any, but its Pro- ofs has rot been as promifing as its Bcgin- ,N(w-Tork and Penfylvania have much theAdvan* ige of it for Populoufnefs and Trade v and in- ked NewTork is its beft Market, for ouying or [lling any confiderable Quantities of Goods otany prt. ^ We have already hinted concerning the Smith- pg Forge that is let op near Middleton, 'Tis cer- tain i4i* The Hifioty of New-Jcrfey, taift, Iron has been made there \ but that has lately fail'd •, and notwithftaiiding all thir (kid of the Iron and Copper of New-England^ tt» Minerals all over that Continent, we do find that any of the Mines of America have virorth working, except thofe of Mexico and ?^ We fhall now return to the Hiftorical Events relatli to the Beginning, Progreis, andprefentStateofAo ^ifivj, fhe Lord Berkley^ about twelve Years after Duke granted this Province to him and Sir Cetrg^t i f/w*rw, aflign'd his Right to The fir ft Proprietary in Jerfey^ under the Lord Be who were, ma. Pen, Efq-, Mr. GawenLauriey of London^ Merchant, ' Mt, Nicholas Lucas, and Mr. Edward Byllyng, Thefe not long after agreed upon the Partition of Province with Sir George Cartarett: And this Prop tary dying, the Earl of Bath, and others his Exe tors, with the Confent of his Widow, the Lady( tarett^ aflign'd over his Share, which was the Nortb Vvfimriy Feb, 2, i6Z I. to Fwflpro* The Firft Proprietaries of Eafi-Netifjetfey, prmarui hEzW Jerfcy. ^ WilL Pen, Efqi Rob, Wefi, E(q; Mr. Thomas Wilcox, Mr. jimbrofe Rigg, Mr. Hugh Hartjhorfu Ijiiiry. * Mr. Clement Plumfim We niuft * Mr. Tho. Cooper. Ibitants in t Mt.JohnHayxvard, ^^m Quake , - . — , « . , . nerallyindu And from this Time the two Provinces have hi jf they are their diltinft Governours. The Proprietaries fooii a jjjce to ow ter fold Shires of Eafi-New-Jtrfey to the Perfons fo new-difcove * Mr. Tho. Rudyard. Mr. Samuel Groom, * Mr. Tho. Hart. * Mr. Rich. Mew* lowing, pi^ h Jam The Hiftorj of New- Jerfty. HJ !0htSt Earl of Pmk thf Drvfnmotidy Efq*, Kir George Machnz^y. M. Barclay. X^Vry^ \j)ifvid Barclay^ 5 Efqrs. Vert Gourdoriy Efq^ \\I\X^ Robert Burnet. iMr. Peter Smmam^ oi Ian- don. Merchant |Mr.3w/»« Br aim. Mr. 6at9in Lamrie. Mr. Edrvard Byiipi, Mt. Witt, aihfin. Mr.l ho. Barker^ IfAeif Mr.WialterBenthattS ch". Mr.Rob.Tumerylof iiui- Mt'Tho. Narftejlifi^ Msf Mr.ThomMCoXf Mr. WiU.Doch»ra. Who, with the fix Proprietaries diftin^uifh'd ki Ithcfecond Lift by the j^flracifm, procur*cl a Confir- lination of their Patent by another from the Duke of mkf dated thex4thof i^/src^, 14^82. by which the^f were invefted with all the Powers and Vrivileges, r Iwhich the Duke had granted to Sir George Cartarett \ lor indeed, which the King had granted to his Royal ■Brother himfelf. And we 'by tnefe Lifts perceive^ Ithat all the Pattentees of the Lord Berkleys Divifion, lor Wefi'NenhJerfeyy were Proprietaries of Eafi^ iNew-Jerfey^ except Mr. Nicholas Lucas \ yet they did loot procure any Con junftion of the two Provinces ; Ion the contrary, feparate Governours were appointed lover each of them *, and the firft Governour of Eaft- Mr, Bat« iNew-Jerfey was Robert Barctayy Efq*, by Commiflion,clay t. p^^jf Surveyor General. Sir(^ this he was fent o^ ''r: by the Society fi^r proflacating the Go(beL as a /, onary.tp convert the Indians^ mA make Proffely^^ .thf. Church iif Enfland: Tis faid in the SoCi ifepffi 7?wr hthastrmight greM Qnnfmto the Jl^luire^is now a Minifterof St. /dbjris Burlingto^^ HiAIn John Talkot^ Afliftiuit XDMt.JCnth it hisi fioHr) . He has 60 1 a iTear from the Society. , u. la the Year x^ii^. Col Aidrtw Hsmiltm wast inUton 'P^*^*^ Goverftour of this Province t In which . Gwernor,'^^ did not continue long ^ for in ttf^^^ we find; Jeremy ' '^^ ^^IPf* Efq^ was fent from Eff^and with £a(fe,£/j;OharaOer, which hsPalfo kept but a little while Covernor, for Col HamiUcn procured Mr. Baft to be recalls Cb/. Ha- and hlmfelf re-inflated in his Government v wlj mi icon was of as fhoric Duration as Mr. Bi^i^i^ for the Hf^' /r ^«>^ J" * Year's Time or left was reftor*d. «iii. "** Succeflbr, and the laft (7w«*ow of £4/?-i Col An- ^'^» ^** ^*^** Atdrm Bmmt^ who continnld ^rc'^ that Poft as long as the Proprietaries power Uf Browne This Office, coiuidering the Cheapneft of th^ " Hvwnvf, t^yt was as flood as the fame ui feme other Col where the Sanery and Advantages sire greater, for Governour cannot here make fiiirly above 500/. Vearof his Government. This Colony continu'd to thrive under all ti Governours V and notwithftanding the Ma^i the Prcprtetarits and Proprietors w«re Qvakers, a pie who afi^eO 1 peculiar Tameneis of spirit, and . Clare againfl Fignting, yet a Militia has been fumi^ and at a late Mufter 1400 ftout Men appear'd Arms, Col. Thonku Cex^ Son of Dr. CoXf commandin them. The >! umber of Souls in this Province computed to be 12000, and W^'JNcW'Jirfey gooo. '»■ -.^ We mui^ ncmir take (bme Notiie/ of it^<|ft BVoitr Weft^ 1 tjiii relate to the latter : TTit ii^^wWe do; not BMrtjerrey. Nrith many^ and thofe nbt v^^im)M)iimnti;> butiiidtl L they are^ Hvvc ^hatl commiihicate fcheiiid»*.lihe^ Rittder. :•-'• \ ' ^ ■-, ■ > .';•, ,■• ■" . ..b/-ra GoVemovrs weee lettled in (his Pvovince ^iii]ic)if ^t the famec time that Ihe .frtfrfitayitSi of lhli(>-^ lllierappolnted Per(bns to govern Eafi-Nev^JtrfigJEbl^ m Governour oiWejt'NevihJerfey vfdLsEdwaraByJfyfitfndvnrd mi^'oat bf the Tiofrietkriiiy imwas|lUt iiiflbJBltByllyng, Office, AD,t6Bs, and contintifd in it feveral Ycars.% Go- hftet iivhich the g^tefl part of th^pi:dirhi^\%as v^rwr. ^IdtoDr. Daniel Cox^ one of the Members of thr /?r Da- jCollege of Phyfitians, who took dle,Oot«^hiiiienl into niei Cos bown Hands ^ but being th^ In Veeygrtet BuOnefs Governor. linhisProfeinon, he did not think fit td leave, it for |the Profits of his Province, and gisvetAM die Colo- |oy always by a Oepqty. In thi Yeaii^ i NfA. td em- rk there for this Country ^b«t fee was diflWiaded |iy a Friend from his intended V6f age y-aiid returning London^ (old the beft part of his Propriety to Sir \miu Lmti knd others^ {br ^skioiUi^l 9kki of 1^ VfhithhalnbtoJfteh been'llrt(5^i!6be4ivehl.f^f»tf^#i to A^ Sounds. A[vers^ ThtHiftory o/ Penfylvania. great Difficulties in obtaining this Pihw(fr9 Bay, n«a« 1 501 Miles : But it rjvi», %^ong likci ^ Strip of Land, b^ingyery much ^rpwd^din (Treadth ^yMary^md. . . ,y^p ihould have, nuide mention of the (irfl Inhabi- tu^^s of ^)s Country, tLndthe firApifcoyerers*, but what we have particularly to fay of either the one ob fih? 9(ber) we (l^U. relate in the (archer Profecution ot tb,is Hjftory, and continue our Gepgrs^phical Deftrip' tiQirpfit, JH^ River Delamare is navi£able joo Miles at leaft, ip.inia^^ Veflels *, fo high Mr. Pen hai gone up it himr (Mf, as he was pl^sUto acquaint the Writer of this Trcatife. It riles in the Mountains,, in the Weftera C^atti of this Continent, near ths Irt^mfe^ and runs parallel with Sufquahanaugh Riveir in Matyland *, df Utt«i( f^Uing intck the Bay of Ckefeape^k^ not far from where l^fltware River difcharges it(«IfintotheBay t^t bears its Kame- Soaie Ships bound for Penfylva- m4M thov^Chefeapeak Bay, the Head falling witki inthi^ Latitude. They both divide themCelves, near TM ^JiHii into two vreat Branches *, and between thein niMn (he Schfpi^iSi. which runs into tl^ Jklamarc at PM^deiplfici, Th^fe are tbs only itkwn of )4ot« it .-i. nMT The Hiprjf of fcnfylys^i^. Ifi ^ J Province y th^ reft are rather <^eeks than B^*\ ^ Sotttnlide of the DHaaare abounding with tnehii svf«}l a$ |he Nipc||^^, 9f which we ha^c; Tpoken i« d^ ^Article. \ V.' !,.■-.;■ ■ , -^,.^ We do not fifljj any Counties in tl^e Wejtem Parf of ^i$ CountryV the nrft Town we come to l>e)«w; ^ ^ Falls, is Nefton '^ and next to it iiPetfsj^erry^fqyQf: eainft Burlington^ in >^)I Nevcjerfiy, Hece!^ a ,11 Creek, but never a one at iUvmn* Thisp^ift of ZV/-phia. JQudy Htuated. between two nivigaole Rivcrsy . j(hj| mmart and ScbootidlL It has two Fronts on to^ , IWitej: V one on the Eaft-fidey facing theScln'flil^^ ^i the other on the W^^ facing the Dititmr§p The Eaftern Part is moft populous on account of the ^boolkill , which is boatabk i oo Miles aboye the FaS^ Each Front of the City, as it was laid out, was a Hw long, and two from River to River, The Street that (itn$ along the River SchoelkiU is three Ciiarters off Mile in length. The Houfes are very uately, the Wharfs and Warehoufes numerous and convenient* Li as Philadelphia flouri(h*d fo much at firft^ that thefC were near loo Houfes and Cottages within lc6 ihn a Years time, fo fince the Foundation of this City, ^ Z>. 1^82. it has nude anfwerable Progrefs^ tnf Kupiber of Houfes being computed to be 1200 now* Tliey are generally well built, and have large Or- chards and Gardens. The Land on which it ftatids is I Higl^ anc^ firm, and the Conveuiency of Coves, DtKkf, ich conttiouted to the O m- >: I \ t ija? The WJtiny of ToifYhninisu me^rce of this Place, where nuny rich Merchants n live \ and we have been inform'd, (bme dP them; fo Wealthy, that they keep their Coachts, The Toi., was laid ont, and a Draught taken of it by fMr. Hi, Jtitimi^ Surveyor General oi the iProvince, which lii now before me *, it feetns to be a very fiiir Plan, an if it WAS allbailt| would make acreat and beauti City I the STrrmoeing broad, andlblongallofthe; that mey reach horn River to River ^ a Compa^ Ground which is large enoueh to make a City fot^ d^e Inhabitants of the Northern Colonies, perk not excluding Hfew-England, Ships may ride here i # or 7 Fathom Water, with very good Anchoragi ^le Land about it is a dry, wholeJbm Level, it] iDwners of xot>o Acres of Ground and upwards h&v. ^ir Houfes in the two Fronts, facing the RivoJ aM in the High-fireet^ running from the Middle of one Front' to the Middle of the other^ Every Ow»| ner of 5000 Acres has about an Acre m Front *, am the fmaller Purchafers, about half an Acre in tli backward Streets, By which means the lead hatj fCooni enough for a Houfe, Garden and fmall Orchard. The High fieet is xoo Foot broad 1 fois the£r0Ai.| ftreet^ which is in the middle of the City, runninj Drom North to South. In the Center is a Square ( tb Acres, for the State-houfe, Market- houfe. School Ii6uie^afid chief Meeting-houie for the (^ukers : Thi Lord Premetary being of that Profedion, 'tis no ftrange, that moft of the firft£iu[/(/(& Inhabitants wen bf ^e fame Opinion. The Perfecution rais'd bv thel ^cpf/h Fa£lion and their ^Adherents in Englana^ i\ fainft Pretejtant Viffentersy was very hot when Mr. en obtain'd a Grant of this Territory, and the] Vuakers flock'd to it, as an Auilum^ from the Rage their Enemies. But fince the glorious Revolmim^ l^eople ha>^ tranfported themfelvesto the Pfmttatim^ to Enrich, and not to fave themfelves from Injuftice and Violence ar home. Men of all Principles have fettled in this Plaee^ ai well as others *, ann th^re are fo many Orthodox Profeflbrs, that there's a great Church in Philadehhie^ for the Exercife of Religion, according to the Difd- fline of the Church of England i and fome of them ive clamour^ lately very much for an Organ^ to the great jt Offence of die Brtthrtn, We do not uf^ t^ ord out of Contempt, but to avoid ^M^t of DH^iBk which is too (bndalont for a ferious Hiftorv. Tmi rch here is caU'd ObrijI-CWrJ!^, and the Con^irat ition is very nnmetoos. His late Majefty was pleas*d[ allow the Minifter joLptr Anmm^ (glides nie Vo \ itary Snbfcriptions of the Inhabttuits. The School- jler has alio an. Allowance of 30/. Mr yCwmm. The ittent for them was taken out at the Charge of ^e iety befbre-mention'd. Here are befides this fimre' Meeting-houfes, as a Quaker's^ Presbyterian, A? ' jbiptift, and a Stotdijh Church. The Reverend Mrl 'lorns is now Mir liter of Philadelphia, His Affiftant \Au Thomas'^ Schoolmafter, Mr. CMf. There are leaft 700 Perfons of theprtnodoz Church. In each Quarter of this City is a Square of % Acreii 1)0 be for the like Ufes as Mevrfiilds in Imidm : Aod in ^ery Ovm^e Plan there are Eight Streets^ that run from Front ont*, an(A) FronL parallel with Hifh-firtet^ and Tmm e in tltKreets, that tun crols the City from fide to fide^ bott leaft hatBr which are 3 o Foot broad. But we cannot (uppofi^ OrchardfliUt near a tenth P&rt of this Ground is taken Qp^ con^ he^r0«jwcring,all the eight Streets are 2«Milei, and the » runninJTwtntv, one Mile long,l befides the Fronts, and S(\MzxtmM^tt and Broad-fireet. The Dock is ibrm'd bf !) Schod-lia Inlet of the River Delantmy at the South Comer! ers : TheKf the Front, and has a Bridge over it at its Entranced 'tis notlSeveral Qreeks run into the City out of the two aniswerelRivers. J ^ s'db/thel Here the A0*embUes and Courts of Judicature aii lland^ i-Wlx^\ and the Tirade and Bufinels of the Province is ^hen K^.lidtieHy manag*d, as in all Capitals. Here is a beautifiil and tMKey,aDove aooFootfquare'ftowhifhaShipof fooTnt> e Rage oflinay lay her Broad-fide. Hereare vam forts of Trades \evolm'm^ tndMechanicks, as well as Merchants 4iddle hmtatimL Injuftltt Place^ II Drthodux (adetph$4, he Difci. of them rtj to the great and Planters^ and confidering'tit the young^ft Capital in our Etig' \ifi jimtricd^ i\% far from t^ing the leaft confidc- rable. It j^ivef Name to the Country about it ^ ibf rhe remaining pa^t of Philadehhia is divided into Shires, ther^betngs more bendes /^Wtfi^eZ/ibM Coon* ^, as Buckinghmf Chfjtn^ NeweailtU^ JKmf^ and At a Ijtt^ Diftance flrom Phiiadiipbia^ isapletfiint H^l, very Well Woodtd. on tbcBtnksiortlieSrM^ ttr Mrtmt, Wwot Aalf a Mile ify^ fMr JiMht, ff7o^<7, J^alfa~ Mile from '%06ti have i/W^rt%-A^^fe|rieligidtisW f,jfhcy have inot|i?rat 7Ww^M^''Sut1Vh«^tL |hav9 ii^t learn*d. lodeed Wn^re th(pre are i fc^awts^rMre*^ ^oje Vaiitty and OftentatiJ ,.. _ jRvMiJig t^if CduntrJ into Sliire^, tJian real M ir^Nfe<:fW^'^^i^^'^3*^^^ •tftpareisfoutofCbmJ pmMmQ thfiii)iM^ of the People; \ '^ Within Land lies Utaanor or IVelflj Town, finely If:! ifi^^and well built^' containing near 50 FamM ^n tm Placp is. a; Qfl%r?g4tion /of Church of i:»i.| UHdlmn^ to; no iettfed Mimfter. In thS two Cbuhti?§ a!(e. feveral otliejr Creel^sj asD^jif^l Qxm\j ^£. ^^pr/lM lies between that aiid anothd fiiefcf^ Qceek^ C Wprrt whence, pafling by ^»W/««wJ jP#ie tf^tm^'toi/vn, whichWo gives Name ft^ ^ C#ey.- Thft^flttilw of Famiii^s in this Pivifir' a&^n,fts in tlieotherjj J hjive not he^r^*, but by t^ Gpni^tatloii of |M K^ftlber of Sduls in all the ?m »^??aSW'.<^^l^^.??*^''^^ ^°^\ Wtis Place is m %%^/ ^«*»^^^ a ai^clL • Wed to, Sfj ?paV bf tMUfort-menciof ij $o<^ety, jofi .':they ar^^?,bo(itercy the K^w ;^hat isgiveni^ in^t^m^^ litre's Roon> ^no'kli to lav up till W^oTe Navy R.^fal >^^ th6 n^hfthirs We know not vf en. jjie JJipf^<,fJ^^inha$^^^^ this anj iji^ other Side^ ^ili^re^^l Mdi ^ T wj^^ Jy Minifter. The Dutch ^vf( 4 Church ia t4ff Wfft to it is St. (7w^f 's, then ^iachM Ct^^i:, ..^, hover againft it lies a little MUnd, call'd iSs^ Iflii^^ asI)ir£Hli(-^'^^''^» where th^re is^i thatPlac^ ?9 F^i . f'B J, ^{jt*r. Jp^mmmy Crefk is honour'd wi^i Kame of a River. There's an^er Creek, fo ci\Xd^ they are diftinguifli'd from o^Q another by fhil le or iSTSwrib and Smtk The Inhabitants have b^ilt a chy but 'tis not endowed or Cuppiydwithaj^^ ir- Paifing by Bembays Pointi and Duck Cr^t^y come to Kem Gcomty *, in which are CramiioAf r, Murdfin^ and AftfpeBum Creeks. At J^ is a Church of England ConsLrfg^tijon \ the Mini* Mr. Thomas Cramfordy wSq1Ei»$ j(o/. aYf^ary , , by the Society. In the Bay qf D»lm0rc^ whic^ iere, i|.|li9r« «Mt 7 Leagues over* Cidm Creek is by ioni« let iitrt^K)ife oi Virginia and Nevf-r^k •, we having a yery particular Account of thefe tbiji w^tten bY Mr* ^^ himfelf, in a Letter, dated t ftfth of j9u^H/(| 1^8}. at Philadelphia^ 'twill not unwelcome to tne Curious, to (ee what he has iaklc this C6untry. To which we ihall add, what oth hl^vb alfo written^ or told us^ as far as V9t could i pe»idon their Authority. We (hall begin with the Climate and Soil, and tr« fiifft of the Qimite. We fee by its Latitude t 'its at a like'Dtftance from the Sun with Naples m fy^ 9Xid MdntpeUier iti France. The Air is fweet cB^» the Heaven's ferene, and Mr. Pen^ who hadle tht Spathem Piarts of France^ compares the Face tiiem in PeMvtmia to that in thole Provinces. Thl fia begins apont iJie a^th of OSloberj and lafts^lldi^ Beginning of tfeeemher^ being like a mild .5/ripr| ' BiJUind, Frofty Weather and extream cold Sea! have been known there^ as in the Year itfSx. buti Skv was always clear, and the Air dry, cold, piercing and hungry. The River Delaware was then froz oyer, tho it is hear two Milci broad at Philadetph From March to 7mm the Spring lafts, without Cufis i^ Wind, refreOi'd With gentle Showers, and a fini Sky ', but the Weather there, as well as in Englm is niore incofiftant than in the other Sealbns. TL Heats are extraordinary in the Summer Months, Jvljl Anguft^ and September^ but mitigated by cool Brewi] ThefWind is South-Weft dutmg the Summer, bud gertei^ally North^-Wefterly, Spring, Fall, and Winter, if Eafte^ly or Southerly Winds raifes Mifts, Fogg^ or VapouVs, • in two Hours time they are blown away. » The Soil of this t*ra£t of Land is various : )n (brue Places 'tis a yellow and black Sand, poor and rich \\ ■ in The Hiprji of PcnfyltaniA. 157 • others, a loomy GraveL^ in\other% a Mti&t Ij like the VaUs in Engl^^ e^edally by Inlliiii ,ts and Rivers, where the Lands are genera&f tiu^ Ue richer than thofe that lye by Navigable Rivfei^fe re's alio another Soil in many parts of the ^^ e, as a black Hazel Mould on a Stony bottom. ^. Earth is hot only fruitful and h.%, but eafy,to ^clear'd,^ becaufe the Roots of the Trees lye tlmodl ii^c Surface of the Ground. T' > [We have already obferv'd how Penfylvama abodnds|^«^» [Rivers, the Waters of which are £ood, bothtte fersand Brooks hainnggraveUy and ftony Bottoms^ re are alio ^i»«r^ Waters^ uiat operate in tiitt manner with thofe of Bamet ind North-haJL Springs are about two Mile^ from PhiUd^i' fne Natural Prodnft of the Country, of VegetakH|iV«M« Treesk Fruits, Plants, Flowers. The Tre^ oflreei. ' Note are the Black Walnut^ ^^^j^ Cyprefi^ lut, Poplar, Gumwood, Hickory^ SaUafras,Aik ^, and Oak of feveral forts, as Red, White ana Spanifif Cheftnut, and Swamp, the moft dura<« all. Here are fome excellent Shrubs, as Ska* Snakcroot, Saflaparelto, CUaimus Arramadtnt^ ^ I and Spruce Cranberries. I'rteFruitsthat grow naturally in the Woods,. are fnii(«^^ White and Black Mulberry, Cheftnuts, WallM t, Plums, Strawberries, Hui'tleberries, and Grapei f feveral kinds. The great Red Grape, call'd the w-GroMj is commended by Mr. Pe9\ and he thinki . I woald make excellent Wine, if not fo fweet, yet le inferior to Frontimac *, it taft« like that Grape^ v ; differs in Colour. There's a White kind of Mafk iel, and a little Black Grape, like the Clu(l;er-Gra{i|e England, Peaches are prodigioufly plentiful in thUa ovince, and as good as any in England^ except thfif^ )ftiw»gw» Peach. ;:i The artificial Produce of the Country is Wheat, C^orw. trley, Oats, Rve, Peafe, Beans, Squafhes, Pumkins, /ater-Melons, Muf-Melons, Apples, Pears, Plums, berries, Apricocks, Carrots, Turnips, Parfnips, ibbiges, Colworts, Potatoes, Radifhes as biga as irfnips. Onions, Cucumbers \ as alfo Quinces, Cur- ^nts. itdian Corn, Hemp, Flax, and Tobacco^ of vhich more hereafter. As tth' Igt !l^ Jtifim of fmfflvsitik: ' lAf t6 the Fertility or iSe Soil, thi$ Imftancfrof iifflicient to prove it ; Otie Mr. BdH^dJtmi^ nj Flatitfttiotiwnon iSkt ^ehodlkHi inthelnlkhcyor €oiioiky«fakl9mth oi!dinliry;Caltintioi», fbront ' €iBnp$/h Bariey^foventy Stalksaiwl Ears of that 'n^ktoininon from one Bufhel ibwfi here to ., 4«, often iro^.attdjfotatetimes tfow Three P^ W^tiow9tiiAcriBi • ■ ^■ Of Living Creatures^ Fifli, Fowl^ and Beafb d^'thetWbad| »ii^ireilite«tlbrt!s^ (bmefor Foodi Noit^ and fomefbr Profit only. Foi' Fobd as wcSI Profit^ are the £lk« |S liig as a finall Oi^ Deer b rinan 'ctirt iff.> Brifoftd^ fi^tren Rac66n| Ral Stiuiirirtls ^^ andrene^nrailng Bbar^^and comi ^ biit ^is liMly ittdr 7^1 ard as barbarous as _ Food, Here's Plenty of Oxen, Cow% and Sheep, ^ ifeaAach that ^tne Farhiers have 3 ftftd 400 jiii /i^^^' JBoeli/ Tht Creatures for Prbfit.oiiln by Skiii ^4 ,or for C^r^age ind Sale^ are the Wild Vmhsti Otters Woll Foi, Kiftei> Mihx, nU'y and| tdiiamc the lioUefl laft^ Horfes, very goGfidandihapetyenoiuhy which irdexpbrtM Barbadoes^ and isiotie S the beft Mdrchiun i^'d off from hehice S6t that^ or the other Ifknds. \ '€>if . ' This, as well as bther America Provinces, abouiiJ with Fifh, Which the Bay and Riv»: of DelaiMli moil plentifully fUppiy them With. Sturgeon, H(j rings, Roch, Shat, Catshead, Sheepshead, £le Smelts, and Pdarch are caught in AbundMc intheBay^ and in the River belot^ the Fre>r/ -, anl Trout in the Inland Rivers. Oyfters^ Orabbs,Cockle{ ConM JnvXr The' :> a.' .^jL atid Mttfdci lire tjlcnty here? ' Sort* OjfWfe # ^nchcs'vfonteV Hnd Cock^ ^s; bi^ Jik- SWcv^rirtf %i, PJmt, the Labdfl^^ lVqH)erafttfc,^Ccti\ttftfcn«ic; t^i irt\k of tfeH*ebAie jreHdcf^leliife of fbch ;d>'^ , rare.^ >r*i/^FilhitYg h^. yeiri attetttpt^HeW the S6dfety,'«f Which I Mfl fefi^Ttidi't ffl^^l^^ tet ACo^feanyaf^rAtfAfnrW^^l^ai#hkfi .jjht, and 0%l mWe ^^ bift^t«5.TOdrwa/ * 53 IContiniiane^^WbeihgfbtthdUlkltli^ll^e'i^ ^ Tfiere V^cliVert Medfeiftir4"feiitr' td ctirt ii ,' BntrtBfe^ <:Jiit9, dHr.^i(MlifeVerai th^t *i plealkfttiv, «5t^eWifd Mhtfpiid others. i b6m M CJblbtir, Grdfdiel^, l^fejihre, ind Vk^ he atieieiat tAhitbitarff* of ftis'Ttffritori^^c Defert^ IfMH the Stifv % [wiatheid tfce^'Sfim tnh fWa^Sy, their £y6-l^ teandf black. Ar to their ^a;^es, Mr. Peh fii^^ mm and Wx^i'wre mi cvfiifmrtfo them \ t«(irthim M dscoftiefy-^fi{^dih4ik0 mei'^iM Aatn if$l/lfb mfSj as oftb^SUkthk Sea\ dnd Mtfdn ftalisiti^^ miionhasmfi^ of the WUte^ mdtlii\N^i, yjjihjerid tff th^yifui as much ^nj pluck'd a Root out of the Ground, TheHffiaryof?cnfylv2Lmz. [OrtKindy and eat it, updn which (he imtnediately l^i Her Husband made an Offering to |her Kin- M according to Guftom, for' an Atonement, and . liberty of Marriage^ At the fame time two other Ijtasbands did it to the Kindred of their Wives that Ny'd a natural Death : For till Widowers have thus I'lton'd, they mnft not marry again. Some of the lyoung Women leil their laft Favours before Marri- Le, to raife Money for apportion-, but after they ]ti« marry'd, they remain chaft, and never admit their Husband's Embraces when they are with Child. In die Month they touch no Meat, and eat with a SticMeft they (hould defile it, nor admit their Huf- lands till that Time is expir'd. May not (omeEurtfean Wives learn of thefe Sarbo' Ifims ', and is it not Vanity in any one People to call another barbarous, becaufe their Cuftoms differ^? They are very liberal, infomuch that if an European gives aiiy of them a fine Gown or Coat, it may pais twenty Hands before it fticks. They are the merri- left Creatures living, feafling and 'dancing perpetu- Itliy. Wealth circulates like Blood among them ^ lill Parts partake^ yet they are exa£t Obferversof Iproperty. They covet little, becaufe they want but IlirJt. If they are ignorant of our Pleafures, they lilib know nothing of our Pains. Their Hunting, IFilhrng, and Fowling feed them, and their Sports are jiheir Subliftance. They eat twice a Day, Morning nd Evening. Their Seats and Tables are on the rc'ind. They have learnt Drunkenncfs of the £»- ^msy and are wretched Objcfls when drunk. ^hen they are fick they drink a Tcran, or Decofti- I of fome Roots in Spring- Wafer ^ and if they eat r»«lh, it muft be of the Female of any Creature. They have a great Opinion of Cold Baths and Sweat- tit I An Inflance of which we fhall report, it being ery extraordinary, and the Truth ofitisnottobS ^aeftion'd \ for the Gentleman who told it to us, as the very Perfon that faw it. Mr. Petty in the Year itfSj. travelling into the Back Countries, to Ake Difcoveries, came to a Wigwam, where the Stain General of that Nation liv'd ^ fur they have an Officer, befides their Sachem or King, who imandf the Army, and. leads them to Battle : M The l6i i62 T^H^jhrfoffef^hiia^ The CaptAin General happen'4*to be at that tinw iQJ ofaFever^ andwasabontto try their ufiiftl RenKd|i to cure hitnielfi His Wife td that end had prepir^l a little Baanio upon the Ground, ' without DbOFfcl into which he crept. This Bagtlio was like an Oren • and bis Wife, to heat it, put teveral great hot Stonei on each fide of it, which gave the Man an extreaoil Sweat, while he iat or lay alonE in this Oven orl Bagnio. She made a Hole throagh the Ice of theBi*! ver, itbeinsfroAy Weather, and the Bagnio on tlwj Eiver*s Bank. This Hole or Pailage ihe due with anl Axe, the Ice being very thick. When tfe PaflfaMl was prepared, the Man came out of hisOv^ tnel Drops of Sweat running down his Face and Body,! leapt into the River, and duekt himfelf twice. Hel th'-n crept through his Oven, and (o went tokii| Wigwam, where laying him kslf down by a Firtl he gradually cool'd himfelf, and was afterwards aswcHi as ever. [ Thus far we have told this Story, to Ihew what 0' pinion the Indians have of SntMingin^ Old Batku The remaining part of it it to give the Readerl an Idea of their Manners and Underftanding •, and! being aiTur'd by Mr. Pen himfelf, that the following Relation is true, we recommend it as fuch todiel ,World, for we cannot have bettor Authority. While the Captain General was in the Bagnio, he lirft fang all the k{ks of the Nation he was of, to di?ert him from the Troublefomenefs of the Heat *, thn thofeofK Anceftors, who were Nobles and Gene- jals in the Country \ and laft of all, his own. Alter which he fell into this Rhapfody: What is th* Mattm with us Indians J that we are thus fick in our tmn A\f\ and thefe Strangers well ? *Tis as if they were Jent intim ta inherit our Land in our fteeds ^ lut the Reafon is plaifiA they loife the great God^ and we do not, A RefleAi>| on very furprizing in a Barbarian *, but Mr. fral heard it, and attdled it rj be Matter of Fa£ltothe| Hiftorian. If they die, they arc bury'd, Men or Women, with their Apparel*, and the neareilof Kin throw I Tome valuable Thing'into their Graves, as Tokentofl their Love* Their Adourning is blacking of their [ Faces, which they contiaue a whole Yetr. l\m ar« I lie nice in the Choice of the Graves of their Dead i ^, left they ihouldbe loft by Time, they pick off ihe Grafs that grows upon them. They believe a God and Immortality, faying, There u a great ISng^ itkt 0kult them, vphoaofetts in a glorious Coimtry^ totM liihmard of them'^ and the Souls of theCoodfballgQ liiifhor^ v^here they J^all live again. Their Worfhip confifts of Sacrifices and Songs, Xhey fcaft one dnother in Harveft-Time, and invite I tiie Europeans fometimes. Mr. Pen was at one of their J Entertainments, on a green Bank by a Spring, on* der fliady Trees. There were 20 Bucks kill'd, with hot Cakes of new Corn, Wheat and Beans, which ^ymake up in a fquare Form*, then they dance. Thofe that go to thett Feafts muft carry a (mall Pre^ felt in their Moneys it may be Ox Pence, which is ttide of the Bone of a FiOi : The Black is with them IS Gold^ the White as 5»/i/er ^ 'and they call it all Wampum, Their Government is by Kines or Sachems, and chofeby Succeflion, but always or the Mother's fide, vet no Woman inherits. The Reaibn they render fcrthis way of Defcent, is, that their Ifruemay not befpnrious. Every King has his Council, coniifting of all the old and wife Men of his Nation, which per- liips is two Hundred. Nothing of Moment is under- taken, be it War, Peace, felling of Land, or Traf- fic!^ without advifmg with them ^ and which ismore, with the young Men too. *Tts admirable^ fays my Aathor, to conpder how pomrful the Kings are^ and vim they move by the Breath of their Peofie, And in thofe Monarchies where the true Ends of Govern- ment are maintain'd, no Power will be thought too mach for the Prince, nor no Privileges too great for the People. The Simplicity of theie Indian Monar* chies give us a better idea of the Origin of Power, than ail that the FilmerSj the Le/leys^ and the infa- mous Supporters of Tyranny have i|iewn us in their Sfphijtical Argu me n ts. Their Juftice is pecuniary *, in cafe of any wrong or evil faft, be it Murder it felf, they atone by Feaftt and Prelcnts of their IVampum •, which is proportion'd tothcOaality of the Offence, or Perfon injured, or {of the Sex they are of: For in cafe they kill a Wo- M 3 man. i<5j 164 The Hiftory of Penfylvania. man, they pay double \ and the Reafon they render, is, That Jhe breeds Children^ which Men cannot do. This Argument is asfalfe asfimple ^ for (he could not breed them if a Man did not get them, and his Life is therefore as valuable as the Woman's. They fcldom fall out if fober *, and if drunk, they forgive it, fay. ' ing. It was the Drink^ and not the Man that ahuii tijem. Mr. Pen believes them to be of Jewtflj Race, bat that Suppodtion is too chimerical, and we ihould not much mend the Matter, if we repeated the Argu. ments that fome make ufe of to vindicate this Coa^ fture. Their Way of living is (imple, but nafty ^ and we ftiould wonder if they had learnt any Delicacy of the New Comers, They have been very civil and friendly to the Englt/hy who never loft Man, Woman, or Child by them j which neither the Colony of Ma- ryland nor that of yirginia can lay, no more than the great Colony of New-England. This Friendlhip and • Civility of the Penfylvanian Indians are imputed to Mr. Pen, the i^roprittary's extream Humanity and Bounty to them, he having laid out fome Thoufands I of Pounds to inftru^, fupport and oblige them. There are 10 Indian Nations within the Limits of his Pro- vince*, and the Number of Souls of thefe Barbarians | are computed to beabouttfooo. We have met with very few Events relating to this I Colony : They have had no Wars either with the Indians or French, and confequently little Action has| happened here. Mr. Pen having obtain'd the before- mention *d Patten r, invited I'everal Perfons to pur- cha fe Lands of them, as he, it feems, purchas'd or the I Indians. The Swedes, who had encroach'd upon the I>uuh, thefirft Planters here, as well as at iV«pTorjl, ietil'd upon or near the Fre/J!tes of the River Delaware.l The Finns, or Inhabitants of Finland, were part of the Swedijh Colony, and they apply 'd themfelves chieHy to Husbandry; The King of Sweden, to pro teft his Subjcfts in theie Parts, appointed a Governour here, who had often Difputes with the Governour that prefided over the Dutch. The latter apply'd themltflves moftly to Traflfick, living upon or near the iiay -^ and by the Neighbourhood oi NewTorix The Hifiory of Penfylvanla. 165 l^re too powerful for the Swedes^ who finding they Icoo'cl not maintain their Ground, Ibbmittedto theii^ Ijlfonger Neighbours. Accordingly John Rlz.emg the mtiijh Gover-nour made a formal Surrender of the [Country, -4 X). 1555. to Peter Styrefam^ Governour Ifbrthe States of Holland. After which this Province (continued fubjeft to that Republick till the Engliih Ijrove the Dutch out of New uimfierdam^ or New )Xffk^ and made the PofTcflion of thcfe Territories jeafytoMr.Pw. wh(ri he had obtain'd a Grant of Ithcni : For both Swedes and Dutch are under his Go- Ivernment. There were a few Englifh here before this Gentler . toiin fent over the firft Adventurers under his Pat- (tent \ their Governour was Col. WUUam Mark- nm his Nephew, to whom both Dutch and Swedes. Col, VVil. fiibmitted \ and when the Lord Proprietary came Mirkham thither himfelf, he fent this Charafter of them to ^^putjGq^ hn^land'^ ' They are a plain, ftrong, induftrious ^^'''"^"'■* I* People, yet have made no great Progrefs in Culture f cr Propagation of Fruit- Trees, as if they defir'd I' rather to have enough, than Plenty or Traffick. I* The Indians made thi^m the more carelefs by fur» I* nifhing them with the means of Profit, as Skins and h Furs, for Rum, and fuch ftrong Liquors. As they I* arc a People proper and ftrong of Body, fo they have fine Children, and almolt every Houfe full i J* 'tis rare to find one of them without three or four f Boys, and as many Girls •, fome have fix, feven,and I* eight Sons, and fW youna Men are more fobec r and laborious. The Number of thefc Inhabitants of 5rrf^«y5& or Dutch Extraftion, may be about 3000 Souls. Mr. Pen, before he went over to Penfylvanla^ (fold 20000 Acres to a certain Society, Mr. Nicholas Uioor^ Mr. J/mes Claypooly Mr. Phill'p Ford^ and others*, who had a whole Street, and cue fide of a Street, laid out for them in Philadeiphniy and 400 Acres of Land in the City-Libeirie^. This Society Lreftcd a Tannery, a Saw-Aiill, a Glufs Moufe, and p.Whalery. They had a Pr* fidcnt in London: Their Officers were a Prefidenr, Deputy, Trealurer, Agent, S-retary, Surveyor, 12 Commi':tv;-*-Mjn, Chirur- L;ion8, Fadors, Clerks, Overfeeis, Mefiengers, Por- Iters, Butchers, Water-men, Car-men, and other in- M J fericir • «. i66 The JHSifiory of ?en(ylv2imiiL ferior Mechanicks and Labourers. And having in«n.| tlon*d this Saleor2oooo Acres, 'twill not be m)prQ.| per to report what were the Proprietary's Conditions! of Sale : Buyers purchas'd after the Rate of 20 /. fotj a thoufand Acres, and i x. or the Value of it yeariyJ for 100 Acres. Renters were to pay t s, an Acttl yearly, not exceeding 200 Acres *, and Servants wenl to have JO Acres when their Times were expif^l whether Men or Women. The Owne^wisalfoal-I low'd JO Acres a Head for fuch Servants. I We have hinted before, there were few Etiglilhl when Mr. Pen went over to take on him the GorernJ mcnt of his Province, which was in the Year isu\ He carry*d along with him, and there came to himl in the firft Year near 2000 Souls, and before theNew'l Comers built Houfes, they ran up Huts for their R^l ception. Thefc Huts were generally 30 Foot longj and 18 Foot broad, with a Partition near the MiJ-l die, and another to divide one end of the Houfeintol two fmall Rooms. For this ufe they took tight Trc«$l of about I tf Inches fquare, cut off ten Pofts of aboutl I S Foot long, upon which the Houfe ftood, and J pieces, 2 of 20 and 2 of 1 8 Foot long, for Platestol lay a-top of thole Pofts. They had 10 Giejts of 20 Foot long, to bear the Lofts, and 2 falfe Plates of jol Foot long to lie on the Ends of the Giefis^ for the»J?uncil with them, upon Treaties for Landy and toadiuft the Terms of Ti^e, their Order is thus \ The King fits in the middle of an Half-Moon, and has his Council, theCHd and Wife, on each hand ^ behind them,or at a little diftauce fits the younger Fry in the fame Fi- gure. Having coniulted and refolv'd their Buiinefs, the King commanded one of them to fpeak to me ^ Heftood up, came to me,^and in his King's Name faluted me« taking me by the Hand, and telling me. Hi was oraer*d by his King to fpeak to mty am that wm it was not he^ but the King that fpoke^ becauft what he Jbould fay was the King's Mind. He firft pray'd me to excufe them^ that they had not com- pljf'd with me in a former Meeting, He fea/d there might be fome Fault in the Interpreter ^ being neither Indian nor Englijh\ befidei it was the Indian Cttfiom to deliberate before they refolve \ and that if the young People and Owners of the Land had been as ready as k, I had not met withfo much Delay. Having thus introduc'd his ^Matter, he fell to the Bounds of the Land they had agreed to dil'pofe of, and to the ^rut. Dui .ng the Time this i^erfon Ipoko, not a Man of them was obicirv'd to whilper orfmile. The Old were Grave, the Young Kev-rend in tht^ir Dcpartmeiu. When they Ipokc, which was but fcldom, 'twas warmly and elegantly. 1 have ne- ver feen more natural S.igicity, conlidering thcni without the Help of Tradition •, and he will de- M 4 f" ferve^ 167 i^& Tbt'Hifiory of Penfylvania. * ferve the Name of Wife that is too hard for them in / * any Treaty about a Thing they underft and. When ' * thePurchafe was agreed. Great Promifis pafi ^e-l * tween us of Kindntjs and good Neighbourhood^ and ' that the Indians and Engliflj muft live in Love as Ini * as the Sun gave Light. After which another made a * Speech to the Irjdians, in the Name of all the So- *• chews or Kings, firft to tell them what was] *■ done, next to charge and command them. To Uvt * the ChrifiianSj and particularly to live in Peace w^\ * mey and the People under my Government •, That mi- * wy Governours had been in the River^ but that mG> * vemour had come himfelfto live andjtay here before ^ ^ and having now fuch an one that had treated tlxm * vpellf theyfijould never do him or his any tprong. At * every Sentence of which they fliouted, and &id *f jimen in their way. By Govemour living himfelf ! among them, they meant Proprietary : For they had had feveral Dutch and Swedijfj Governours in DeU' ware River. The Land thus bought was enter'd up- on by the Undcr-Purchafers, who purchased by the 1 oo or the I ooo Acres what the Proprietary bought by Miles. When the Country began to be a little plan- ted, almoil as far as x\j^ Bay's Mouth, 'twas Rid out into the Hx Counties we have Ipoken of, which with the chief Towns or Villages chofe Reprefenu* tives in the Aflembly. For we muft obferve that by theConftitutions in the Pattent, the Proprietary was impower'd, with the Confent or the People, to nuke any Laws for the Publick Good. Thele Conftituti- ons were, That the Governour and People have a Le- gtjlative Power, fo that no Law can be made, nor Mo- ney rais'd^ but by the Confent of the Inhabitants \ That the Rights and Freedom of England be in Force there *, That making no Imw agaiufi AdegiMce, the Go' vermurand People m'i\ht cn^iti whfit Laws they pleas'd fur the Good, Frofpcrity and Security of the Province, ore. All tliclnhabitauis, as well Swedes 9.m\ Dutch, ^ as Englljh, wer. very well pleas'd with Mr. /'tw's co- ining thither ill Pvirlbn, ana the Forcit^ners receiv'd him with as n;tich Joyand Refpeft as his vwn Coun- try-nien. He 'leld two General ^/^f/«^/*o. and with fuih Unanimity and Difpatch, that tho tney fat but three Weeks, they paft 70 Laws without one Dif- Ont The i!i^Jli»y d/Pcnfylvaniai" ^t in any material thing. They prcfented the Pra- ffietary Vf'ith an Impofl: on certain Goods imported y exported, which Mr. Pen very generoufly remit- Jjdto the Province, and the Traders to it: People fgm went from all Parts of England to Penfylvania \ ufrbm London, Leverbooly and Briftol efpecially. For the Weft oi England abounding with Diffenters, and inth a lewd Herd of Perfecutors, more than other 66unties, they (hipt themfelves in that Port in great lumbers for Philadelbhia. In the Yearx\ wh jled from the,Perfecution at home, to enjoy the Fba d^ their Confciences, and the Privileges cf t Laws of this Province •- the Government of whicj was then a fort of Republick^ and an excellent For was drawn up by that Great Lawyer, Sir Will. Jonii^ and other famous Men of the Long Robe. The Gol vernment was indeed, as that Sf other Colonies,! by Governour, Council, and Aflembly, but thel OmirciI was not nam*d by the Proprietary ^ the In-l habitants of every Shire cnofe two or more for eadkl as they did Knights of the Shire : Neither had the Al-I fembly Power to debate Laws, but the Conftitution gave them the negative Voice. The Governour and Council drew up what Laws they thought were for the Good of the Colony, and having drawn them up, affix'd them in a publick Place, where all the People might fee them, and judge of them, as to their Ne- cemty or Convenience *, and the Aflembly, whom they chofe, paiVd or rejefted them arbitrarily, as the Governour in other Provinces rejefts or panes Laws there \ fo that the Conftitution of Ptnfylvania wasat IDemocratical, Mr. Pen harl'^f *^ Law*^ firam'dj :no Difference was m^*^ »» Ofmm^ where Properttf it no Dfffer&"^' All Elc<5Vions were by Ballot^ J the Voim of this Government, which was found- ion what was excellent in the bed German and o- fof«ign Conftitutions of Common- Wealths, was li, that every Man's Property, Privileges, and Li* ties. Spiritual and Temporal, were perfeftly fe* /d: Butfuch is the Weaknefs of Human Nature, It being it felf imperfe^, it cannot rdi(h Perfedion ^ ] the nearer any thing^ approaches to it in this /ofld, the more likely it is to difguft People. This form was too fine for^ the heavy Intellefts of (bmeof jrofs Vulvar. They valu'd themielves, and with I R«^ron in the main, on being Engiiflwenj and om'd, 9s they faid, to give their Opinions and Votels ithe darH h they wonld do nothing which they dudl otown^ and their Fore4ieads and Voices ihonld al- jyiys agree with one another. Thus they clamotir'd tganft that Part of the Conftitutlon which fecur-d [be reft, the Election by BaUctj and never gave o^^ liimouring till it was abolifti'd, and the firft Order )f Gov^nment lurbfcen in upon in the moil eflbntial v l^rts of it. U6on which Fa^ionsof courfe com^ / Imenc'd, and Diicoi^tents and Tunauits- followed, to Ithe great Diftorbance and Detriment of the Colony : ■Bat this happening afterwards, ihould alio have been Ireported in a later part of this Hiftory, if we had liiot been deHrous to give one View of this Conftitu- |tion, and of the Fate that attended it. Mr. Pen ftay'd in Penfyhaniatvro Years, and woui^ Inot then have remov*d to England^ had not the PeHe^ (Ution againft the DifTenters rag'd fo violently, that he could not think of enjoying Peace in jimerkay while his Brethren in England were fo cruelly dealt Uith in Europe, He knew he had an Intereft in th? Court of England^ and was willing to employ it for the Safety, Eafe, and Welfare of his Friends ; fo ha- ving made a League of Amity with ip Indian Na- tions, between them and all the Enghflj in America^ having eftablifti'd good Laws, and fecn his Capital fo well inhabited, that there were then near 300 Houfes, and 2joo Souls in it, befides 20 other Town- ||hipsj he return'd to England^ leaving William Mark- ham^ 17^ Thomas Lloyd, Xfq; Pre- fiient. Ffctcheri Govenour CaptaiH Blackwell, Covernour the Htfior^ of Pchfyivadia. hm^ EiqiT Secret*.^ . jvir. Ihonrn Holmes^ Surveyo General ^ ami the Admiri*ft^j,tion in the Hands of i Council, whofe Prcfident was Thomas LtoyL Eli who by Virtue of his Office held the Oovernmo (everal Years, thohe had no Commiflion then to | Deputy or Lieutenant Governour ^ Mr. Pen ke the chief Government always himfelf, as Lord prietary. What Service this gentleman did the Quakers'^ King Jameses Reign, and how far that Prince gavehin his Ear, is well known to^U that are acqtaintedwiti the Hiftory of thofe times, ilill frefli in our Ui juories. Mr. Pf»*s Enemies were very free of their Scandal and ftu^k at no Calumny to blacken him after the R& volution. There was great Appearance of his, havina been a Favourite in the preceding Reign, and W not likely i he ihould be one in the next*, howr the Mills there of il forts, built by Mr. Samuel Carpentar. an emi* It Phnter in the Country, formerly a Sarhadoes Merchant* It lies about 20 Miles from Philadtl* PtmJ' Jj6 The mfiory of Penfylvania. Pemuberry is a Mannor belonging to ff^'dm^^ Eiq, the Lord Proprietary, wha has built a very fir Seat there, both in its own Nature and Situatiooy i well as in its Improvement. The Ld. Cmtbwy^ when ] was Governourof iVhp-rwil, (he being removed froi that Government (ince our writing the Hiflory( that. Province, and the Right Honourable the f Lovelace put in his Place *) vifited this Manner, an was extreamly pleas'd with the Houfe, Orchards an Gardens. Tis feated in a treble Ifland, the Dela»M running three times about it. The Houfe is boi] with Bricky and ftandshigh and dry, haying u A cres of very good Orchards, producing better Var\ tnains and Golden -Pippins than any in England^ V the Confefiion of goiad Judges here*, for Mr.Pii brought fome of them with him to England, Thei are lo or i% Tmnjhips more in this Coont which fends 6 Members to the Aflembly \ one whom, Jofeph Crowderiy Elq^ is at this time theil Speaker. He has beien very inftrumental il planting and fettling this G)unty ; for which, anj many other things, it is very much indebted toh] Care and Services. Next to it is, Philadelphia County, where the Hrft Town \ come to, IS FranBftrd^ already mention'd. Tisi bigas Brifioly and well built. As to the City of, Philadelphiay we have in the former Part of Chapter or Head, dilcours'd of it at large *, towhic we have only to add, that the Streets tnere arevei broad, and their Names denote the feveral forts Timber that are common in Penfylvania : K%Mu^ ry-fireety Sajfafrasjhreet^ Chefnut-Jheety Walnut-jftrn JBeach-fireetj jijhjhreet^ Fine-fireet^ Cedar-firen There are others -, MyKingfireet^ Broad fireet^ Hifjt fireety &c. The Court-Houfe is built of Brick, and under it i a Priibn. There are feveral Houfes on the Ktj. worth each 4. or 5000 Pounds, and 15 Ships haf been on the Stocks at a time. 'Tis fuppos'd 1 00 Sli have been built in this City. The Cellars or Wa houfes upon the Keys are made into the River wi^ treat Induilry, and lome of them are j Stories hi£ 'his City is now in a flouriihing State. Herear two Fairs a Year, and two Markets a Week. Thel Buildingii The Kflory £?/Penfylvania. . Jings encreafc Yearly, and it has the Honour to md Members to the Anembly, which meets here, as Ikisbeen elfe where ob(erv*d. I Abmgtm and Duhlin are two pretty little Towns IJBthis County ) but the mofl: coniiderable next to \flfiladelphiaj is, German Tonw, a Corporation of High and Low Jotch. There are above 200 Houfes in it. Peach- JTfees are planted all along before the Doors, which 1 the time of Bloom make a beautiful Road for a file together. The Town is very pleafant and airy, eing wonderfully clear'd from Trees. In this bounty, and on the other Hdeof the River SchoolkiH ithe Weip-Trad^ confiding of about 40000 Acres of id, planted by Weljhmeny or at leaft laid out to em. This Tra£l is thick of Townfhips *, as Radnor re-mentionM, Haverford Wefi^ Merioneth^ and rs. Tis very populous, and the People are very luftrious ) by which means this Country is better ir'd than any other part of the County. The In« ibitants have many nne Plantations of Corn, and eed Abundance of Cattle, infomnch that they : look*d upon to be as thriving and wealthy at oy in the Province: And this muft always be faid of be Weifif that where-ever they come, 'tis not their |[iult if they do not live, and live well too^ for ' vf feldom fpare for Labour, which feldom fails of ccefs. Mttimt'm^ in this County, is a Mannor belonging )a Daughter of Mr. P«», the Proprietary, and in iis Mannor the firft Lime-ftone was dug that ever ns found in America, The County of Philadelphia is remarkable for its cdient Gravel, which is very rare to be met with I all the American Continent. It fends 6 Members Ithe AfTembly. The next County to it is, Chefier-Countyy fo call'd, becaufe the People who ril fettl'd here, came for the mdft part from Cht/fme \EHgland, The firfl Town in it is Newton i 'Tis Dill, and confifts not of above 20 or 30 Hou(es. [here are others a great deal bigger, as, »77 N Oh' 1 78 The Hifiwj of Pcnfylvanid. Chefier, the Gipital of the County, conn of above 100 Houfes. Here's a very good Ri for Shipping \ the whole Navy Royal might ridi here y the Delaware^ on which it ftands, beini in this Place three Miles over. Here is a Court Houfe and a Piifon, but neither of them com menlable for the Finenefsof the Strufture. Here, alfo a Church, as has been already obferv'd. Ncxi lo it is, Chichejier^ built on a navigable Creek, fo callu It confifts of about 100 Houfes. Concord is anothci Town in this County, where are (everal other Town fliips, and the Country is well planted. Four Mile below Chefter is Marcus Hooky the Boundary of thi Three Vpper Counties, properly call'd Penjylvania becaufe u) term'd in Mr. Pm's nrft Grant. Butthi Three Lower Counties go alfo by that Name. Thi County of Chefter fends 6 Members to the Aflembly, The next to it is, Nevpcafile County^ in which is a Hill, call' Iron Hilly from the Iron Ore found therej The Mill before-mcntion'd is a Miftake, there be ing none erected for chat life, as wc can under ftand upon later Encjuiries. The Capital of thii County, NtrvcafiUy is finely feated and built upon the Dela- ware 9 it ftands high. The Dutch were the firf Planters in this Neighbourhood, and the firft Inhabi tantsof this Town, which they call'd jimftel •, fi:oi jifrtfiely the River that gives Name to j4mfieUam, ( jimfierdam^ the Capital City of the Vnittd Provimti, Here is a Court-Houfe, and 2500 Souls aire computi to inhabit here. Philpot Creek is fo large, that the Royal Fleet England might ride there. St. George'i is a prctt; \'illaee, 10 Miles below Nervcafile. There's an ther Townfhip, call'd Apaquamany. The Coun ^ within 13 Miles ahgut the Capital of this County, North and Well, is the proper Signiory of A>i ty/?/r. There arc e Memters chofen in this Coun for the AfTembly. The next is, Kent County^ wutch^ Swedes^ French^ Indians^ and Negroes in the Pro. vince of Tenjylvania^ may modeflly be computed at 3joooSouls. Tho we have already made fome mendon of the Climate and Soil, yet having fomething to add by further Enquiry, we (hall do it in this Place. V. The Summers here are not much hotter than in Englandy at leaft not for above one Week \ when | the Heat is fenfibly more violent. The Earth a* bounds in Mines, Samplers of mod (brts of Ore| having been taken up in every County, and no Coun- try in the World is better ftor'd with Rivers and I Creeks, moft of them navic^ible for Ships of Bur- { then, and all of them fory^/#G- Judges. Judge of the Admiralty, Col. Robert Quarry. Treafurer, Samuel Carpenter^ Efq*, Secretary to the Government, James Logan^ Efq-, Attorney General, R,Lowther^ Efc^ I^tfgifter, Peter Evansy Efq*, ^i Sur- iSa The mftory of Penfylvania. * Surveyor General lately, Mr. Edward Pimin^ ton* Qerk of the Peace for the ^ Town and County of VRoyertAfi^tott^ Efq-, Philadelphia. J ^ This office is w» maxi^i by the Vnder'Survejors, getowr \ ubklotbeSeeretirj, 'T THE HISTORY O F MARYLAND. iSj CHAP. I. \ContAining an Account of its Difcovery^ Settlement f Pregrefij andprefent State, THIS Province was always reckoned a Part of P^rgirtiay till the Year itfji. when King CharttJ made a Grant of it to George Cal- vert^ Lord Baltemore^ of whicn we have I made fome mention in the Hiftory o{ Virginia \ when and by whom 'twas difcover'd, will there be feen. \Gmge Lord Baltemon hot living to iee his Grant made out, his Son dcilitts Calvert^ Baron of Baltermrt in the Kingdom of Ireland^ took it out in his owii Name, and it bears Date the 20th of June^ i5j2. ' We cannot better afc^rtain the Bounds of this Coun^ I try, than by making ufe of the Words of the Pattent. lis all that Part of a Pcninfula, lying between' tht Ocean in (he £<^, and the Bay of Chcfeapiak on the Wefi^ N f tmd- 184 The Hiftorj of Maryknd. and divided from the other Part by a Right Line drgfA from the Cape caWd Watkins Point, (fituate in the ^«rM faid B<^ near the River of Wighco) on the Wefi, vntA the mam Ocean on the Eafi, and between that Bound n\ the Souths unto that part o/Delaware Bay on the Nmh\ which lies under the j^oth Degreq, of Northern Latitude I ^ &c. j4nd ail that TraEt 0/ Land from the oforeJaM Bay of Delaware,, in a right Line by the Degree afort-l faidy to the true Meridian of the jirfi Fountain iftlA River Patowmeelu and from thence tending tonardX the Southy to the farther Bank of the aforefaid RivtrA and fouowng the Weft and South Side of it to. a certaiA Place call'd Cinquack, Jituate near the Mouth of tht\ faid River^ where it falls into the Bay of CheieapeakJ and from thence by aftreight Line to the aforefaid Captl falVd Wditkins?omty&c. The King himfelf, when he fien'd the Pattent, was pleas'd to give this Province the Name of /^oryhndA in Honour of his belov'd Wife Henrietta MariaX Daughter of Henry thelVth of France^ The Lord ^ Baltimore held it of the Crown of England^ in cotn- jnon Soccage, as of his Majefty's Honour oiWindforA holding and paying yearly for ever two Indian Arrows of thofc Parts at the Caftle of Windfor. The Power of this Proprietary is as Sovereign as that of any in « America. 1 Maryland lies between 37 and 40 Degrees North I Latitude, is bounded on the North by Penfylvania^ . Eaft by Delaware Bay and the Atlcmtick Ocean, . South by Virginiay from whence 'tis divided by the | River Fatowmeck^ and Weft by the Indian Na- tions. The Lord Baltimore having obtain'd this Grant, I refolv'd to go thither in Perfon 9 but afterwards changing his Mind, he appointed his Brother Le9^ mtrd Cah'ert, Efq*, to go Governour in his ftsad, with whom he join'd in Commiilton Jeremy Hawley, Efqd 2Lnd Thomas Cornwalli^y E(q\ The firft Colony that was Tent to Maryland ^ was in the Year 1^33, and confiftcd of about 200 People. The Chief of thcfc Adventurers were Gentlemen of good Families, and Roman Catholicks •, for Perfons of that Religion being i made uneafy in England^ as well as Proteftant Dif frnters, they tranfported themfelvcs to this Province, '■•■*■ • ■ hoping Tie Ktfi&ry of Maryland. ''V' ^^dmwltoping to enjoy there the Liberty of their G)nrcien« ' ^^^«r^■(e$, under a Proprietary of their own Profeflion, as ^A mJnn Lord Baltimore was. Thefe Adventurers fail'd •^^^toHlroin Cffwes in the Jjle of Wight the 2 2d o{ November^ 'he iVwj&jHjjd having ftop*d at Barbadoes and St. Chrif(ophers Latitude Ijbmetime, arriv'd at Point Comfort in Virginiay the ^ortjaiM^i^ of February following. The Names of the prin- [ree efore-Mapil Peribns among them were as follows ; ^ainoftkt %tmarit < > ' Town, 1 S6 The Hifiory (f Maryland. Town, where the Werowance being a Child, Ar\ chihau his Uncle governed his Territories in his Mi4 nority, and receiv d the EngUJb in a friendly manner] From PoKmnuck the Govcmour went to Ptfcattanmd about 20 Leagues higher, where he found many^ll dians aflenibled,» and among them an Engti^ tnan^ Captain Hemy Btet^ ;who had liv*d there (eveJ ral Years in great Efteem with the Natives, Capt,] Fleet brought the Werowance or Prince aboard thel Governour's Pinnace, to treat with him. Mncij vert ask'd him. Whether he was willing he and hisl People fliould fettle in his Country, in cafe they foundl a Plate convenient for them. The Werowance re| ' Ply'd, I will not bid yougo^ neither mil I bid you fta^^ but you may ufe your own Difcretion, The Indians find- ing the Werowance ftay'd aboard longer than they I expefted, crowded down to the Water-fide, to look after him, fearing the EngUp had kill'd him, and they were not fttisfy'd till he ihew'd himfelf to them to appeafethem. The Natives who fled from St. G«. tnents Ifle, when they faw the EMgUjh came as Friends, return'd to their Habitations *, annd the Governour not thinking it advifeable to fettle fo high up the River, jn ihQ Infancy of the Colony, fent his Pinnaces down the River, and went with Capt. Fleet to a River on the North Side of P^r^n^/^iet^, within 4 or 5 Leagues of its Mouth, which he call'd St. George's River. He went up 4,L«ftgues in his Long-Bott, and came to the Town of Twmti€0 \ from WMnce the Indians of that K«ighbourhood are caird T^oamacHs, The Governour landed, and treated with the Werowance there, ac- quainting him ivith the Occasion of his Coming \ to which t& Mian (aid li^le, but inviting him to his Houfe, entertain*d him very kindly, and gave him his own Bed to lie on. The next Day he fhew'd him the Country *,' and the Governour determining to make the firft Settlement there, order'd his Ship and Pinna- ces to come thither to Mm. To make his Entry the more iafe and peaceable^ he prefented theWerowance and Wiibs, or principal Men of the Town, with feme Engli/b Qoth, Axes, Houghs, and Knives, which they accepted very kindly, and freely confented that he and his Company ftould dwell in one Part of their town, rofcrving the other for thwnfelvei Thofe The Hiftorj of Maryland. JiatSy who inhabited that Part which was afiign'd itEngliJby readily abandon'd their Huufes to them, I Mr. Calvert immediately fet Hands to work to nt Corn. The Natives agreed further to leave the oleTown to the EngUJb as foon as their Harveft sin, which they did accordingly, and both /iv^/^i J Englifb bromis'd to live friendly together. If a ny Ejory was done on either part, the Nation offending >2$tQ make Satisfa£lion. Thus on the 27th ofMarchj f^jf the Governour took PolTcflion of ths Town, jd nam'd it St. Aeries, There happen'd an Event, which very much facili' ked this Treaty with the Indians, The Safquehanocksy [Warlike People, dwelling between Qhejeapeak Bay ud Delaware Bay, were wont to make Incurfions on leir Neighbours, partly for Dominion, and partly Booty, of which the Women were moft defir'd by leni. The Toamacoes fearirg thefc Safquehamcks^ I I Year before the Englifij arriv'd refj^v'd to defert jieir Habitations, and remove higher into the Coun^ ry ^ many of them were a£^ually gene, and the m preparing to follow them. The Ship and Pin- Wes arriving at the Town, the Indians were amaz'd [nd terrify'dat the Sight of them, efpecially when bey heard their Cannon thunder, when they came BO an Anchor. The firft thing Mr. Calvert did was to fix a Court ^f Guard, and ered a Score-houfej and he had no|; een there many Days, before Sir John Harvey^ "Go- ernour of yirginia^ came thither to vifit him, as did lleveral Indian- Werowances, and many other Indians lotn feveral parts of the Continent : Among others Jcarae the King o( Patuxent^ and being carry 'daboard (the Ship then at Anchor in the River, was plac'd be- jtween the Governour of Firgiraad^nd the Governour MAfarylandy at an Entertainment made for him and lotbers. A Patuxent Indian coming aboard, and fee- ling his King thus feated, ftarted oack, thinking he Iwas furpriz'd \ he would have leap'd over-board, and Icould not be perfwaded to enter the Cabbin, till the IWerowance nimfelf came and fatisty*d htm he was in Ino Danger. This King had formerly been taken Jpriloner bythe£»^/zj^of/7rg/»A After the Store* Ihoiife wasnnifh'd, and the Ship unladen, Mr. Calvert r , .-. » -i ..,;•_ or- 187 i88 The Hifiory of Maryland. order'd the Colours to be brought aftiore, which Wi done with great Solemnity, the Gentlemen and thi ' Servants attending in Arms *, feveral Volleys of Shi were fir*d a Ship-board and a-fliore, as alfo the di non, at which the Natives were ftruck with Adtiiir tion, fuch at leaft as had not heard the firing of Pie of Ordnance before, to whom it could not but dreadful. The Kings of Patuxem and Toamaco were prefent i, this Ceremony, ytXtykmtm^oxhat Indians oiToamm and the Werowance of Patuxent took that Occafio to advife the Indians of Toamaco to be careful to kec. the League they had made with the Englijh, He ftayl in the Town feveral Days, and was full of his Inm Complements : When he went away he made th3 Speech to the Governour \ I love the Englifli fo loA that if they Jhould go about to kill mcy if ihadfo mm Breath as tofpeaky I would command the People nott revenge my Death ^ for I know they would not do fuch i things except it were throuj^h wy own Fault. This Infant Colony f upply'ci themfel ves with India Corn at Sarbadoesy which at their firft Arrival the, began to u(e, ^to fave their Englijh Store of Meal ani Oat-rnetl.) The Indian Women perceiving their SerJ vants did not know how todrefs it, made tneir Bread for them, and taught 'em to do it themfelves. Theie was /ir^<(i» Corn enough in theCountry,and thefenev Adventurers foon after (hip'd off loooo Bufhels fb New England, to purchafe Salt Fiih and other ProviJ fions. While the Indians and EngUjh liv'd at St.iWiwil together, the Natives went every Day tq hunt withl the new Comers for Dear and Turkies, which when! they had CAUght, they gave to the Englijh. or fold! for Knives, Beads, and fuch Trifles. They airol brought them good Storu of Fifh, and behav'd them- felves very kindly, fuffcring their Women and Chil- dren to come among them, which was a certain Sign of their Confidence in the n. 'Twas a great Advan- rnge to the firft Colony in Maryland, that they took Ponefnon of a Town, about which the Ground was ready clear'd to their Hands, which gave them an Opportunity to plant Corn, and make Gardens.] where they fow'd Englijh Seeds, and they thrif'd wonderful^. They were very induftrious to build |:1oufw, The Hifiory retended Proceflants in other Colonies, where R enters have been cpprefs'd *, while here, under] Popifli Proprietary, they enjoy'd all the Rights, berties and Privileges of Englijhmeny as far as Laws permitted them. But notwithftanding all his Lordftiip's Care to prJ vent any Rupture with the Indians, when they we at War with the Firginiansy they committed foi Hoftilities in the Year 1^77. on the Eaft-ride.an| kiird 4 Men and a Woman near Nomani^ which dq the Colony in Fears of further Mifchiefi howeve that Cloud blew over, thofethat did the Mifchief we punifli'd, and no more Blood was fhed in the (^tu re). While the Lord Baltimore liv'd here, he mariyJ one of his Daughters to Col. Diggs^ a Gentleman ol the Country, ot great Intereft in it, and a confldera] ble Merchant or Fa£bor alfo. But when the Lord Pre prietary removed to England^ he did not appoint hitL to be Deputy, but put in another Gentleman, whoi^ Name we have not been able to learn, nor that of hii SuccelTor: In whofe Time the Government of £»! land took from the Lord Baltimore thit of Marylmn And we muft obferve, Kine James II. intended tJ take it from him before the Revolution, inftigatedtol it by Father Peters, What Reafon that Jefuit had tol do the Lord Baltimore fucha Didervice, we know! no^ and would have thought the Agreement betweenl Fatner Peters and this Lord in Religion, might havel influenc'd the Pried more in his Favour. But 'tis v^l ry certain, that he was the Brft Inflrument of thel Lord Proprietary's lofing the Government, and perl haps the Court might think, that as much as the Papiils were favour a in Maryland^ they might hope for more Favour from a Proprietary of their own perfecutinc Principles. The Lord Baltimore mightl nave expefted more than Jufticc from a King ofhisf own Religion •, yet his Pattent was then queition'd, and 'tis fupposM the Prerogative of naming a Gover- iiour would have been taken from him, if Kine J///wi had not abdicated his own Government. After the I Revolution, this Lord had no Reafon to look fori any thing but ftrift Juftice •, for 'twas known, he was not a little zealous in oppo/ing it. . King The fSftory (?f Maryland. King William the 1\IA» of glorious Memory, being ftttl'don the Throne, the Steps that were taken for mncxitig the Government of Maryland to the Crown ^ King James's Reign, were with much more Reafon (ontina'd ^ and after a lone and expenfive Difpute at ihe Council-Board, thcLardS altimore wasdepriv'd of that part of his Power, and the King appointed Sir l^imd Andros to be Governour of Maryland^ who dli'dan AfTembly, which in the Year 1692. paftan Aft to recognize King WtlUam and Queen Mary*s Titles and there having been ereat Confufion in the Coortsof Judicature, by Realonofthe Alteration in the Conftitutipn of the Government in Maryland^ an Aft paft, to make all the Proceedings at Law valid^ acept where there were any Errors in any Proceu ind Pleas. It provided alfo, that the Year i tf^o, and 1691, ihould not be accounted, concluded and meant in the Statute of Limitations. We find Sir Edmund Andms did not aft lb inoflcn- lively as might be wiih'd in a Governour : For when Col. Francis Nlcholfin^ whom King )fi/f»V»i» appointed to fucceed him. came to the Government, in the Aft which paft to eftabliOi and ratify all A^^ions, Suits, Caufes, and Proceedings in all Courts, &c. and all Officers Civil and Military, for, in. or by rcifon of any legal Afting or Proceeding in their rc- foeftive Offices and Stations, from the Accefs ofSic iimund Andros^ to the then Governour, Francis Ni- tbolfott^ Efq*, his Arrival, any Claufe, Imperfection, or want of Authority in the (Iiid Sir Edmund Andros^ or his Commiffion notwithftandine, there is this Pro- fifo \ Provided nothing in this A£t flail jufiih Sir Edm. Andros'/ taking and difpofing of tho Publiek Revenues^ IT debar the Ajiemhly^or any other Perfon^of their Right tr Claims to the fame. The Government of this Province is now the (ame with that of the other Colonies, which are immedi- ately under the Crown j by a Governour nude by tke King or Queen, a Council nam'd by the fame, and an AfTembly chofcn by the Eleven Counties. The Lord Proprietary ftill enjoys the Profits of the Province, arifing by certain Revenues granted to him b; feveral AfTemblies *, as a Duty on each Hogfhead of Tobacco cxoorted, and other locomef*, which O with 19J 194 The Hijhry of MsLtyhnd. with the Sale of Lands uncultivated, and unpurchaVd, amount to a confiderable Sum yearly *, and the Duty I of Tobacco encreafing, as that Produft encreafes, 'tis probable that Revenue will one Day rife toa vcrj great Sum. Befides this, the Lord Baltimore hinl large Plantation at Mettapany *, and in the whole, his Eftate and Intereft in this Province arc very w«ll worth his Care to maintain them. About the Year 1692, the Lord BifhopofZm^M appointed Dc Thomas Bray to be his Commiffary in Maryland, That Do£lor went over thither to fettle the Churches, according to the Rites and Worihip of the Churcn oi England. For by an Aft of Aflem* ' bly in tlje fame Year, the Eleven Counties were divi- ded into thirty Parifhes, fixteen of which are fapply'd with MiniAers, who have a competent Maintenance I (ettrd upon them, with Glebes, and other Advanta* ges. Libraries are fix'd, and many thoufand pra£ti> | cal and devotional Books have been difpers'd anong the People, by the aliiduousCareofDr. JSr^y, who ftaid there 2 or 5 Years. Befides thefe Churches, arefeveralChappels, and the Number of Papifts and Diflenters 2ire not incon- fiderable. Mr. George Macqueen^ and Mr. Robert Keithi have been employ'd by the Society for propsiga- ting the Gofpel in foreign Parts, to advance that good Work here •, but 'tis faid the Quakers and Papifise- qually ohfiruil it, A very ingenious Man, who was in this Province in Col. Nicholfon's Time, fends this Account of the State of it to the Royal Society : * The Inhabitants of I *• Maryland dii'c Qfiwcrn'd by the fame Laws as in £»• * gland^ except that they have fome A£ts of AHerably, ] ' relating to particular Cafes, not provided for by the ^ Lsi^NS o( England, The Church of £fl!g/tf»W is pret* ^ ty well eftablifh'd among them: Churches are * built, and there's an Annual Stipend allow'dtoe*< * very Minifter, by a perpetual Law *, which is more | * or le(s according to the Number of Taxables in each * Parifti. Every Chriftian Male itf Years old, and ^ Negroes Male and Female above that Age, pay 40 * Pound ofTobacco to the Minifter; which is levy'd * by the Sheriff among other publick Revenues ', and * thiii makes the Revenues of the Miniilers, one with • ano' The Hiftory of Maryland. 'inotfaer, about 20000 Pound ofTobacco^ or 100/. 'Sterling a Year. It has been the Unhappinefs of < this Country, that they had no Proteftant Minifters h hardly among them till Governour Nkholfin's time ijwho has been a great Promoter and Encoarager of < the Qergy) but now and then an itinerant Preacher » come over, of very loofe Morals, and fcandalous Be- < haviour : So that what with fuch Mens ill Examples, kthe Roman Priefts Cunning, and the Quakers Bigo- * try, Religion was in a manner turn'd out of Doors. < Bat by Col. Nicholfon's Protection, the Face of it ( mended, and the Orthodox Churches were crowd- rk,totli, sbyanAi belong ti IS andtlii ■leirs anill d Propri' ^er Skin. in any o, lie Name this and ' Know- remark «o4 The Hiftory ef Maryland. If the Reader has the Curiofity to know ttore( this Country in any of the Particulars mention'di the Title of this Chapter, let him fee the Hiftory (, Virginia on the fame Heads, and there's nothing tker which may not alfo be faicl of Maryland^ except it i added here. The Air of the two Provinces has the fame Agre, ment \ and if there's any Difference in the Healthc the one Country tnd the other, f^rg/w^ perhaps ia 1 the Advantage. The Province of Maryland hoiint ver thrives in a greater degree, tho 'tis the joiifnge^ Colony, and that is a plain Proof of the Profit of til courfe Tobacco, preferable to the fweet-fcented, ot| rather that which is fold to a foreign Market turnsl to better Account every way, than what is made foci a home Confumption with more Labour and CoftJ and at hft with lefs Gain. The Number of Ships trading hither from Engla and other Parts of the£»^/^^ Dominions, was compu5 ted to be loo, above jo Years ago ^ and we may iJ magine how many more there come now, from the! Increafe of the Inhabitants, who were then calculated! to be Kfooo, and are now judg'd to be 3000'^ Soulsi The Lord Proprietary had a Mint here, to coin Mo- ney, but it never was much made ufe of. As to the Indians, their Language, Manner^ and| Cuftoms are the fame with thole ofVtrginia, At the firft fettling of Maryland there were (everal Nation^ of 'em, govern 'd by Petty- Kings j but 'tis thought there are not now 500 fighting Men of them in all the Province, if the Account Mr. Hugh Jones tranfmitted to the Royal Society of it be true: ForMr.(7/w«r, who fome Years before fent the fame Society an Ac- count of Virginia^ fays. The Indians in the Lord Bal- timore'/ Territories^ at the Head of the Bay, whm the Englifji were later featedy are more numerous j^ then being ?ooo of them fi ill in fome Towns \ butthejehmi with p "* continual Wars with each other, are like Jhortlytoln ^2. ' reduced to afmall Number ', which juftifies Mr. Joneii Relation of their Number in Maryland, fince in Mr. Glover\ time there was not above 3000 Indian Souls in ill Virginia •, out of which one cannot reckon there were many more than joo fighting Men. The (imc Mr. Jones gives us a large Account of feveral things in this Province worth notice. The Lowth* Vol. 3. p. The Hiftory 0/ Maryland. 205 [^^ly of Chiff apeak, which tuns iST. by ??^. about , Miles* or more, divides Maryland as Vve» asf^r- L into two Parts, which the Inhabitants of the Provinces call the Eaftem and Weftern Shears. J Land is generally low on both Sides \ no Hill that [to be feen, or is known by them 50 Yards perpen- Blar *, but above 100 Miles Weft of them, towards Heads of the Rivers, the Ground rifes, and ap- js in very high Mountains, and rocky Precipices^ nning North and South *, from the Top of which Man may have a clear Profpeft of both Maryland ^Virgma, AH the Low-land is very woody, like one continu'd forrcft, no part clear*d, but what is clearM by the lg/j)ii who, tho they are featcd pretty dofe one to other, cannot fee their next Neighbour's Houfe for Ifrecs. Indeed 'tis expefted that 'twill be otherwife 1 a few Years, for the Tobacco Trade deftroys abun- ince of Timber, both for making of Hogfheads and ailding Tobacco Houles, befides clearing of Ground [yearly for Planting;. I The Soil of /W^ry/^w^ is generally fandy, and free wora Stone, which makes it very convenient for Tra- Idling, and there's no occafion for (hoeing their iHories, except in frofty Weather-, and what with ItheGoodnefs of their little Horfes, and the Smooth- Inefs of ihe Roads, People, upon Occafion, can tra- Itel JO Miles in a Summers Afternoon \ and (ometimes lioo Miles in a Day •, but then their Miles are notac- (ounted (o long as in England, The rich and plentiful Gifts of Nature add much to ikeHappinefsof the Place •, the three Elements affor- ding Plenty of Food for the life of Man, as Deer, Fowl, both Water and Land ^ and for the Prefcrva- tion of Health, many excellent Herbs and Roots, the DIfcovery of whofc Virtue is chiefly owing to the I Indians. They have Timber of fevcral Kinds, good for Buil- I ding, and of theni feveral forts of Oak ', as Red, Wmte, Black, Chefnut, Water, Spanifli, and Line Oiks (which laft bears a Leaf like a Willow) Cedar white and red', the latter ferves only for Pofts and Groundfilli; the White to rive or fplit into Boards, that betna the frceft from Knots, and goei under the ' Name 2o6 The Hifiory of Maryland. Name of Cyprefs, tho'tisfaUelyfoterm'd. The. a Tree call'd Cyprefs, which is extraordinary lai in Bulk, and bears a Leaf like the Senfitive PL •Tislbft, fpungy, will not rive, and is fit for no u| Their Black Walnut, is mightily efteem'd by tl Joiners for its Grain and Colour. There's atom Poplar that makes good white Plank. Tisalari ?'ree, and bears a Flower like a Tulip. They Jul lentyof Pine, and Dogwood, which is a fine Fid er-bearing Plant, Saffafras, Locuft, a Tree of quil Growth, and very durable in Building. Hickc of which there are two forts. Red and White ^ i latter ferves chiefly for Fire- Wood, beins the [ for that Ufe.. There's abundance of Chefnuts Chinquapines, another Species of Chefnuts *, a foi of Elm likefa Dutch Elm^ and the Sugar mentioni in the Hifiory of nrginia^ as well as others namj here. In Maryland is a kind of Elder, whofe Bark i dofely guarded with Prickles, like a Briar. T Tulip-beanng-Lawrel and Mvrtle of feveral for one of which bears a Berry that is work'd up in t Eaflern Shore to a kind of Green Wax, very prop to make Candles with, if mix'd with Tallow. The Humming- Bird and Mocking-Bird are th mofl curious Birds in this Province, as well as in thj next ', and the Rattle-fnake in both is the mofl not of their Reptiles. The Air is now more wholfome than formerly^ which proceeds from the opening of the Countrj the Air having by that means a freer Motion. Tn ' Summers now are not extream hot, as in the fir feating^ but their Winters are generally fever^ The North-Eafl Wind is then vei y fharp, and eve cools the Air very much in the Heat/>f the Summa when a fudden North- Weflern Blafl toooft• 1'^J>1 :VN( ,^<-; -i-i. *(:■■ ^^ if tcV-tjT-v ■-■V»»li*a> >> "V"" ; fsC .^5?-. i difcovcr*d by >i[wf f7r<»«/»f *, yrho took poflefiv- P on mHi ST jv\ j0f\ A33'«fir3£ap akyxand] Prf Pjsi^ IiSiiva:n-i- Pab.* Baltti K^fiMwyffb ^CmcU "WX ST . JWi*im (i6ti/li/ JkJttM. 20. ||^^C*hwr»JC^b6 V ..j rr»^ ,t^^?>v«^ a^ ^S^K^^' ^^^ p^^ \ f^-. ^ ttm90mm^sm> k Jk^MMM .-?» fi.^ .^liSllii r;wS *►!••«« ^>^ 1 wi^^MRAi^* jk[ n&^^ Si;r.-TtJ^M ^Tjmr^ i^ TJBHX i7 JurayCo. ZlU< n Villi'.' r «rdyft>. O c s jLir^ 1 P-AJR.T o^ CAltOXIJ^A kc^l ^ ^**'^. ^'* -^sd— 3^6 ■—■.■7,-i.ts.si.^^tmmm>i-::;x...>-:, ».■. . ■ V 1 - ■ ■ i«, .■*? . >*■ '3 v.'^^^.. ^ <'%:K^;.:< V.-. .' -: 1 ;. ■ ■^•. ■. 'V :. "Ti ,j(tc— ... . '►T I' r ? ; if! so^ piip*^ m THE HISTORY OF I R &INIA. ^ CHAP. I. ">& # fUimiHg the Kfiory of Virginia, from its D^covery to the Prefent Imet* Y the Nameof*7r^«r/<«, was formerly call'd all that Tra£b of IjaM which reach'd from Norembegua to Florida ^ and contained the Country, now known to the Engliih by die -, of New-England^ NeW'Tork^ Skw-Jtrftf^ Uvania^ Marylandj f^rginia and Carolma.. The Na- i cali'd it jipeUhen \ and *twas, as 'tis iaid, iirft aver'd to the Europeans by Seh^ion Cabot ^ a ueno- Idvencurer, wholiv'd at Briftol\ and wno in the 14^7. was fent by King ^f^. VIE to make 14^7; Qveries in the We/t-Indies, Otmh/t**s Saccttki Its Vijso' [ears before, having fet all the Trading Nations^* he World upon- Expeditions into Jbnericay in s of (haring the Treafures of the Nm difcovcfd \ld with the Spaniards. The French, who will never allow any Nation to )efbre them in any thing, pretend this Country i difcovcr'd by John Ferauum j yirho took poflem- P oa * 2^0 The Hiftory of Virginia. on of it in the Name of Francis I. that he calPd >i Mobbe . cofa'^ and with Canada,^ to which he gave the 4Manie Gcog. of Nm-France^ added it to the Frendi Dominions. But tMs is a FiAioa of their own, exploded by aU Authors who treat of the Difcovery of Firginia : For which the Crown oi England is certainly indebted to the Care and Expenfe of the famous Sir Walter Raw- leigh\ who having, as appears by his admirable Hiftory of|heWQ^d, made ftrift Enquiries intq*th| ftat^of thrlj?wveiffe v and hearing^of the prodi||oii| ri^ the Spaniards drew from th^r Settlements iir the Weft-Indies^ refolv'd upon an Adventure for fur- ther Difcoveries. *i-lis Miftrefs Queen Elizabeth was then too niudi empl^y'd iii Europe, to thin|p of making Attempts for Acquifitions irt Amirka, She was apprehenfive of a War with Spain \ and was bufy'd in protefting the I States of the United Provinces, and the French Rro«j tefi-ants, againft the Tyra nny oX France ^wA Spain, 'Sirj J/rWalter ^'^'^^^ therefore foui^d himfelfimfler aneceflityof un- Rawleigh dertaking the Adventure, on the account of private! undertakes Perfons, who bearing the Charge of it, were to have ». IJ85. #584. Amidas and Bar- lowV Voyage, the, Advantage, ; . , fe To this Purp«fe, in the Year 158^. he procures fe- ver^I Merchants and Gentlemen to advance large! Sums of Money towards carfying on the Derign:| And in the Year following, pbtain'd Letters Patten from the Qaeen, bearing Date the 25th oiMart 1584. To pojfepy plant, and enjoy for himfelf^ andfii Ptrfons as hejhould nominate, themfelves and their 5«^| cf§ors, all fuch Landsy Territories^ &c. as th^J^JOi^ difce^ery not then: *V the Poffejfion of any Chriftl Nation. - In April, the Gentlemen and Merchants, by Sii Waiter Rawleigh'sDuoSiion, fitted out two fmall V/ fels under the Command of Cdiptdin Philip Ar^ " mijC^i^tnn Arthur Batlowy two of Sir Walter's St, vantsj who*knowing no be«-ter Courfe, fail'd aw« for the Canariesy from thence to the Caribbee Ifland and crofling theGulph of Mexico, made the Coaftc Florida. They were fo ignorant of Navigation, that i)j Computation of able Seamen, they went abovef thousand Leagues out of their way. Their Voya >?<.»'■ -"X"- m liowevft, proiperous *, and they anchor 'd at the lii-let by i?wiR7W, atjprcient uridet the Governmait of North Carolina, Tney landed on certain Iflands on the Coaft, between Cape Fear and the great Bay of (kfa^eac. They afterwards went alhore on the Continent, in a Country call'd Wingandacoa ^ over which there reian'd a King, whofe Name was J^»^^ to. They traded with the Indians^ and made ^ood Profit of their Truck, the Natives parting witJitneir Furrs for things of much inferiour Value. Withthij| Commodity, Safafras and Cedar, they loaded their two Veflels, and return*d home, carrying with them forne Pearl, which was taken for an evident Sign of the ereat Riches of the Country, Amidasmd.Ba^- law had made a very adllntagious Vpyage ^ an^d to encourage their Owner^ the New W^-Indta-Compa" m to continue the Trade, they represented the Place tney had difcover'd to be fo plentiful, and fo defira- ble, the Climate fo pleafant and nealthy, the Air (o jfweet, the Sky fo ferene, the Wcibds and Fields fo fruitful and charming, and every thing fo agreeable, that all that heard it were taken with the Defcriptioh j jand fuch% had not Conveniences to live pleafantly at homej were tempted to remote to this Para- dice, f; But the Difcover/was in its Infancy^ and the En- ;lilh then could only admire, without daring to at- pt the enjoying the Sweets of fo delicious a Coun-t Befides the Pleaiantnefs of the Place, and the ofit of the Trade, JSijr/w and Jbnidas highly eX-. loH'd the Innocence and good Nature of thelndiaBs, ind the Advantages that might be made by their \g\Mir aace, and their Love of 3ie Englifh. To this they Ided an inviting Account of the Produftions of the lil, the Variety of Fruits, Plants and Flowers there, d their Beauty and Excellence. They alfo brought over with therii (ome Tobacco, To^-fwo efirft that wasfeen in England^ and two Indians,^:^ hofe Names were Wanchefe and Manteo, hrovght in Queen EUz/tbeth was her Idffo well pleas'd withw^^S"* he Account thefe Adventurers gave of the Country, ^*"^* hat flie honoured it with the Name off^rgima^ either ccaufe it was firft difcover'd in her Reign, a Virein \aeen j or, as the Virginians will have it, becaufe it ■*)■ *■ P 2 fllll ^12 ThiHifiory of Virgihift. ftiU feem'd to retain the Virgin Purity and Plenty of the firfi Creation^ and the People tiieif Primitive In- nocence. ' ■ The Englifh Merchants were the.more fond of fur- ther Adventures to America at this time, for that her Majefty's Ships had lately intercepted a Spanifh Veflel bound home From Mexico^ which had Letters aboard, cohtairiing a Defci;iption of the vaft Treafures that Were dug out of the Mines there. And the Company ■'eVeo in with all pollible Ipeed*, and when it n-us rt\idy, fet fail by him felf: A Fortnight aiier, Sir RichardGreenvrll (ail'd «gain from Plimouth. with three otiier Ship"; for yirgima. Sir Walter fell in ^vith the Land at Cape Hattarr,^ a little to the Southward of Foenokc^ wnere the io8 Men fettled ', whom, after ftiift feaich, not finding there, he returu'd. The Virginians pofiiivcly affirm, that Sir Walter Hawlcigh made this Voyage in Per Ion, but the Hifto- ries of thofe Times, and the Author of the Life of | Sir Walter Rawlci^h, which has been cwice written, make no mention of it. 'Tis more protable, that the common Account of it is true, that he fitted out a \\(rel of a hundred Tun, loaded it '.vith Neceffarici!, nnd difpatch'd it aw;iy to relieve his little Colony. Before Before this Ship arriv'd, theEngUlli had abandon'd their Settlement-, and rerurn'd with Sir FrdiwmDrJ^^. , And the Mafter of the Veflel not Heine able to 2et any Information concerning them, laade the beft ofti§ way home. Though the Author of The Hlflory anJ Prefent State ofj^irginia^ afTures xa Sir Walter Rawleigh went then, himfelf, *tisnot likely a Man of hisQiJcilityand Character would hazard his Perfon g) far, in no bet- ter an Employ than the Mafter of an ' Advice Boat or Tender. When Sir Richard arriv'd, which was a few days after the departure of the Veflel we have meniion'd, he found the Ifland Roenoke^ where he left his Men, entirely deferted. He knew nothing of Sir Frarcis Vrake^ having been there 1 and thought they had been all murder'd by the Indians, till Munteo h- tisfy'd him of the contrary^ but he could nut teli Navl- how they got away. However S«r Richard lefj fifcy {i«^'^^ Iri- Men more (fome Accounts fay but 15) intlie 'aniv^^f"''^"'^* Ifland \ order 'd them to build Houfes, giving them ; '^^'^ Materials, and two Years Provifion *, after which he '^^"^J^/J^'* rcturn'd, having aflur'd them that they fliould be fpeedily and conftantly fupply'd. In the Year following Mr. John White was Tent thither by the Company, with three Ships. He carry'd with him a Supply of Men, and fome Wo- men, as alfo plentiful Kecruits of Provifions, having a Commillion to fettle there, and to prefide ov:r the Settlement as Governour. He arriv'd at Roemke the 22d of Jul\u ijS?. but found no Engliflbmen there •, at whicli he was vv ry muc troubled. He cnqnir'd of A'lantco what was become t)f t'r-Mii-, this Indum infor.n'd him, tliitthe Natives Pccretly let upon them, kiil'd foinij, .md the ^'^'''''J*'^- reft Hed into the Woods', where t'ljy were never heard of afterwirds. To confirm Mmeo\ Information, the Fort tiley had built he fouitd demoliili'd, their Huts emp^y, the place of their Habitation all grown up with Weeds; and at the Entrance of the Fort the Bones of a dead Man. * This did not difcourage ^x,JohnWlltc{n>\\\ ^'^^' Athxrl king Attempts towards a third Settlement ; So he fit t^atk. P 4 down mcnt. 1J87. ii ■^ 2t6 The HifiifTj of Virginia. down in the fame platfc, repaired the Houfes : And when he Imd put all things in the beft Order he cbuld Jfr. John ^^^ ^'^^^ Preiervation, he proceeded to conftitute a White Form of Government among them, confiftirtg of a Governor. Governour and twelve CounTellors, incorporated by the Name of the Governour and Affiftants of the City oiRawleigh in Vtrsima. On the 13 th of Augufl^ Manteo the faithful Indian ne Indian vfM chriften'd, and created by the Governour Lord Manteo of DaffamMpiok^ an Indian Nation fo call'd, as a Re- Chriften'd, ward of his Fidelity and Services to the Englifh : And on the 1 8 th of tiie (ame Month was born the firft Child that was the Iflue of Chriftian Parents in that place, being the Daughter of Mr. Ananias Dare : She was af- 'ter the Name of the Country chriften'd f^trginia, Tis from thefe fmall Beginnings that we are to trace this Colony, which has encreas'd (b much fmce, that 'tis now one of the beft Branches of the Revenue of the Crown oi England, Good (government and Induftry foon render'd Mr. White and his Men formidable to the Indians, who courted their Friendftiip, and made Leagues with the Corporation, which they kept or oroke as they thought themfelves too weak or too ftrong for the Englifh j who, at much as they feem'd to thrive, underwent fo many Hardftiips for want of due Sup- plies from EuropCy that nothing but the invincible Conftancy, which is the diftinguifhing Charafter of their Nation, could have fupported them in fo much Mifery : yet fo far were they from repenting of their Undertaking, or defirin^ to return, that they difputed for the Liberty of remaming at Roenoke \ and oblig'd Mr. White their Governour to return for England^ and follicite the Company to fend them Recruits ot Men and Provifions. Mr. White undertook to negotiate their Affairs ^ and leaving 1 1 y Men in the Corporation, fetfail for Jmlandy where he arriv'd in (afe'y, and was two Yftrs there before he could obtain c. Grant of the r.c- cefTary Supplies : At la ft he had three Ships fitted out for him, with Provilions and more Men for the Co- lony. * I le fiil 'd from Plimouth in the latter end of the Year jylp. Jj8i>. takingthc ufual Courferound bythe Weftern and -4 7*f /;ff/^ of Virginia. iv 217 od Caribbee lilands ^ for no other was then known. Iio they were skilfd in Navigation, and in the Know- jige of the ufe of the Globes, yet they chofe rather > )(o]low a prevailing Cuftoni, and Kail three thou&nd iiles about, than to attempt a more dire£l Paila£«* On the 1 jth of j4ugufi he arriv'd at Cape Hattorasj nd landing on the Ifland Roenoke^ found by Letters at on the Trees, in large Roman Charafters, that s Enelifti were remov'd, out he could not tell where*, iey Taw the Letters C. R. O. on ^eral Trees ^ nd&arching further, on one of the Pallifadoes of the |ort which tney had quitted, they found cut in large iipital Letters the Word Crouton'^ one of the liiands brming the Sound about 20 Leagues Southward of Imoke. On this Advice they reimbark'd in queft of their fellows at Croatm\ but they were icarce aboard all them before a dreadftil Storm arore, which fepara--^^ ftw/o/ * the Ships one from another. They loft £h«ir An- '*^ j'-"'"* [hors and Cables, and durft not venture in vv'ith the ^^^^^' {horej fothey all fliifted for them ielvt?.^ and with * ar'ous Fortunes arriv'd in England and Trdmd, There were no more Attempts to find and relieve Mr. Ihe I . J Men Mr. White left at Roenokt for fnttcen White ^ears following •, and what became of them God oiily ^sturnt* jinows, for they were never heard of to thib, Day. fis fuppos'd the Indians feeing them forl'.kc.i by ieir Countrymen, fell upon them and didroy'd khem. This Misfortune WdS enoueh to put a flop to any wther Entcrprizcs of this Nature for fome time ; bd 'tis rather a matter of Wonder, that the EngUlh per after it attempted a Settlement \n yirginia^ than [hat they neglefted it fo long, tK; oeing their third Mifcarriage, and the two (all with moft terri- ble Circumftances : Thefe were certainly the Rea- Ibhs that the Dcfign of fettling a Cole ly there was |aid a fide for fo long a while, and not Sir Walter \imleigh\ Troubles, as the Auihor of the Hifiory ' tfore mention 'd pretends *, for Sir Walter from the pear lyyo. to the Death of Queen £/»t..^f'/7, was in full Favour at Court, and at the head vf fcveral fa- pous Expeditions. li 31 S The m/fi^ if Vii^ttii 'A 1602. \n the Year 1607. irt which Queen BUzjtbetk^f^ Captain 'L.aptam Barthdlomew Oofnold fitted out a fmall VelTel GofnoldVat Dartmouth^ and fetfailin her from that Port, wii Voyage, ^2 Sailors and PafTengers for Ttrgima, He had bet. oitc of the Adventureirs in a former Voyage thither^ was an excellent Mariner, and had found out thai there niuft be a fhorter cut to that pitto^ j^erict than had hitherto been attempted^ wherefore he de. lign'd a more direft Gjurfe, and did not ftand fo fa to the Soothwtird, or pafs by the Caribhee Iflands, all former Adventurers had done, by which theym,. only fail'd many hundVed$ of Leagues out of their Wayi but were expos'd to the difficult Shores ?od dangeroi Currents of the Tfland^ and the Coafls J^ Florida, He attain'd his end in avoiding thofe Coalts am Currents, and taking a nearer Courfe than any hai done before him. He arriv'd in the Latitnd z of 42 Degrees, and a few] Minutes, to the Korthv^ard of Roemke^ among thi Iflands, forming the North fide of Majfachufets Bai in New-England *, where not finding the Convenien' ces he defir d. he fet fail again j and when he though! he had got clear of the Land, he fell upon the Bay ol Codj now part oF New-England. By his Method of Navigation he fliorten'dhisway! 500 J.eaguci>, and yet went farther about by as many more th^u our Ships do now. ' Captain Gofnold ftay'd fome time on the CoaftJ trad'.. i^ with the Indianj for thdr Furrs, Skins, &(\ w'ih which, S.ifafras and fome other Commodities, »x loaded his Ship, and return'd, having too few Mca in his Com par y to '^''etend to a Settlement. This Voyage was To heilthy, thaf neither himfelf nor any of his Crew we'-c in the leaft indifpos'd in all the turn He was the firik chat had made it turn to any account fince BurlrAv and v^/wW^A Voyage *, andgavefucha good Dcfcriprion < f the commcxlious Harbours, plea- 6nt Place?, an i profitable Trade he had met with, that the En.Tliili once more began to talk of a Planta- tivMi in f'l'rf^/Nia , and feveral Merchants, particularljf the M.iyor ?nJ fome Aldermen of Brifiollj witn whom Ww Hukluitf who made a very good Collefti on of \^oyages to America^ was concern'd, fet oiit Ships to trade to the fame Place; '' Two •IK '.I Two Veflels fitted out by the J?ny?o// Men, fell ia iA the fame Land Captain(7<7/z7(?/^'had done, fol- iw'd his Method and Traffick, and return'd with rich Lading. The Brifioii Merchants encoun^ig*d by this Adven- re, continu'd their Voyages thimer, and encreas'd cir Conlmerce from time to tinie fo much, that ir many Years they were the moft confidcraMb raders to that Colony j and, confidering the Ine- lalityof their K ambers, but-did Sie Londoners by och, till the Merchants of LeverpooU dvovt them t of the Irifli Tiade, and xivall'd them in that to 'ir^ima. ' ' ' The nv^xt Ship that fail'd thither from £«g/ht [to pafs, Henry Earl of Southampton^ and Thom.is Lord Arundel of Hoarder, fitted out a Ship un- der the Command of Capt. George Weymouth^ who Cipt. fell upon the Eaftern Parts of Lo;ig-lJland (as 'tis We/- now caird) where thoy landed, and traffick'd with 'luuitli'x the Indians, made Trial of the Soil by Eni^^lifhOrain^^V'.i'^' and found the Naf ivcs more aflable and courteoas than the Inhabitants of thole other parts of f^irginia which the Englilh had difcover'd *, nut the Adventurers be- ing ^ready of Gain, over-reach*d th" Iniims, inipo- fmg on their Ignorance \ of which they i^rowini]; jea- •• ■ • lous, it occafion'd the many Murthersand MalTacres that follow in the Courfc of this Hiftory, ''*' Cape. .f-«^ "N 22d Capt. Weymouth entered the River of Poi»hiU4, Southward of the Bay oiF Chefapeae, He fail'd up i 1>ove Forty Miles, nnding the Channel deep ai broad, being a Mile over, and 7 to 10 Fathom i depth, leaving Creeks on every fide at every Mile Dulance, all deep> and fafe •, in which Ship$ ( joo Tuns may ride inniany places, withaQiblej ftorc in the foft daze. ' , As he coafted along this River^ he traffick^cl witj the Natives, ^rterin^ his Trifles for their Treafures the Indians giving him, to the value of 10 or 12/. furs, Beaver, Otter, jand Sable, for five Shilli worth of Knives, Combs, Beads and Toyes. In one place where he traded, he and his Crew hi Capt. Weymouth marcVd. with fo much Caution^ and fo well arm'd, that they durft not attack him. tf fent his Boat 70 Miles up the River, in which hisShij lay 6 Weeks. While he was there he made trial 01 the Soil of the Country with Englifti Grain, whic he fpund thrived, as it did in other parts of nrgim where the Experiment had been made. Having laden his Ship with the Commodities of tHel Place, fuch as Furrs, Safafras, and Tobacco, here-l turn'd to England, carrying 3 or + Savigcswhomhel had taken Prifoners with him. I The Account he gave of his Voyage when he camel home, tempted others to adventure thither, butnoncl had the Courage to think of a Settlement. They hail forgot the 1 1 t Men whom Mr. White had left at Rot] : noke : Their Pity was too weak for their AvariceJ Trade and Profit was all they thought of ^ and thefe private Adventurers would have put the Defigii of a Colony out of the Peoples head, had not Capt. Gofmlil fo effeftually folUcited the Settlement of r/r^wwin the Court of King James, that feveral Gentlemen con- tributed towards it ^ and the King incorporated two Companies in one Patent, bearing date the i oth oiA-\ \6o6 P^^^y 1 606. for two Colonies. Tht South The firft Company were 'Sir TJjo.'Gates, Sir Gcor^t Virginia Summers, the Reverend Mr. Richard Haciluit, Pre- CoviMny. bend of Wefiminlier^ and Edward Maria Wingftm The 0ftdry of Virginia. 2ai fq^ who were the Z-Wo/^-Adventurersj and had li- irty by tlieir Patent to feat themfelves, and fuch as joa'd join with them at any place on the C<»ft d "ffgrnitti between the Degrees of 34 and 41 of Nor- lem latitude. They were allow*d to extend tlieir unds from the place of their Plantation jo Englifli Ics, each way, and one hundred Miles up in the luntry, dire£lly from the Sea-Coaft, and none was imitted to Plant or dwell there without leave of die jinpariy or their Council. This Patent included Maryland^ Virgma and Co* " \plma^ as .they are now diftinguifh'dfrom each other. The fecond Company were G;0rgffP0p^<»^.Efq^ and ithers, as we fhall ftiew in the Hiftory of New Eng- nd^ thefe were rtdl*d the ?/*;w«fib- Adventurers. They had liberty by their Patent to plant and in- bit any Part of the Continent between the Degrees }8 and 45 of Northern Latitude, with the like Pri- ileges and Bounds as the Firft Company. In this Patent was included New-EttgUndj New- 'orky New-Jerfey md Penfilvania^ as they are now,; [divided into feveral Provinces •, but the whole Coun-; , * ; ,- try was then call'd F/>^/»w, That which was granted |to the fecond Colony, as well as that which was gran- ' to the firft. The latter was the earlieft in their Set- jtlement : For in the fame year with the Date of their Patent, they fitted out two Ships under the Command i gag, [of Capt.iV«pporf, who fell in with the Coaft near Cape Her,ryy the Southermoft Pofntof the Bay Chefeapeac. With him went the Honourable Mr.Percy, Brother ;o the Earl of Northumberland^ Capt. Gofnoll^ Capt. mithy Capt. RatcUffe^ Capt, Martin^ Mx.Wmgfieldj if whom the y laft were of the Council. They took Minifter, and abundance of Handicraft Tradefmen ith them. Capt. Newport rais'd a Fort at the Mouth Caft, i)f the River Powhatan. Here he left 1 00 Men, with Newport, ''rovifions, Arms, Ammunition, and other Necefla- ies to make a Settlement ^ and this was the firft Co- Fhft Colo- that remain'd on the Place. The firft Company ny that efolving to prolecute their Undertaking vigoroufly, ♦'^wantV. ad t;ikt;ii Capt. John Smith into their Service. He /as a noted Seaman, who from a mean Original ad acciuir'd a great Reputation by his Adventures. 'i^lSmhh chearfully undertook the Employment, and • Mr. "V ing- fit'u Pie Jident. t-i 222' TheHifwy of Virginia. attd ventured his all on that Bottom. The Gompar^ tvere impowtir'd by their Patent to choofe ^ Preff dent and "ion nfellors to grant Commiflions, and ex- crcife judicial Authority. Accordingly they ^av* t Gommiflion to the Gentlemen above-mentiou'ti to eftitblift a Colony in their Territories, and govern it by a Prefident and Council, who were, invefted with fufficient Authorities and Powers. The Gentlemen who went over with Capt. Smkk were very unkind to him, and envying his Zeal and Experience in Maritime Aflfairs, they us'd him fo ill, that 'twas thought they intended to put him .to Death. This was carry'd on by the Prefident Mr. Win^- fieldy a covetous haughty Perfon, who, while Capt Smith was trading and treating with the Indian Kings, contriv'd his Ruin: Falfe WitnefTes were produc'd to jRvear ill Defigns againft him, and he was not only refos'd to be admitted into the Council, but thrown into Prifon, where he lay till all the Forgeries of his Enemies were detefted. He then was admitted a Mem- ber of the Council ^ Mr. Wingfield was depos'd from Oi/i.Rad-^^* Precedency, and Capt. Radcliff chofen Prefident, cllfF, Pre- w^^*' Knowin^j^ Capt. Smith's Ability, left the Admini- fident, ftration of Arfairs to him. The Company gave Captain Newport^' when he fet out, orders to Sail to that Part of Virginiit^ r'z'<: where Mr. White left his Miferable Colony, tho there was no Security of. Harbour there. Captain Smth was the Pilot of this little Fleet, and as good a Seaman as he was, went the old round-about way, by the Weftem and Charibbec Iflands, and paft his own Accounts in Navigation twice or thrice, in- ibmuch that his Companions began to Defpair of reaching the Place they were bound for, and to think of returning to England. But when they >vere at the Point of returning, Capt. Smith, with two of his ^'eflels, luckily fell in with Virginia, at the Mouth of Chrj'apouc Bay. Some Authors diftinguifh Capt. Smith's Voyage fi'oni Capt. Newport's *, and affirm, that the firft Settlement which reniain'd,wasmadeby Smithy but others make the \'(3yage of Capt. Nm; port ^Yior to Smith's. Leaving this Difpute to bedeci- ded by th-j rompany's Books, and the yirginians^ we proceed in c ;r Hiflory. . . Capr. «v. •..■.-.« The Hiftcfy af Vkginia. 22 ji Capt, Smithy wh^n he had the Management of Af- l^s, Duilt a Fort on the Southern Cape, which he am'd Cape Hemyy from Prince fJemy King Jameses 5deft Son : the Nortliern ]ie call'd Cape Charles^ front Jiince CharUsy afterwards CW/« I, And the River fmhatan he call'd James River, after the King's own l(ame. Before the Prefident and Council proceeded to a yames- ettlementjthey made a full Search of j'aw^wRiver.and Town ienthey unanimoufly pitch'd on a Peninfula, about built. 1)0 Miles up the River to build a Town upon, which hey call'd James-Tovtn. The Soil about it is very good, the place it Ifelf two thirds environ'd by the Main River, which JlFords good Anchorage, and the other third by a fmall (narrow River, capable of receiving Veflels of 100 Tuns, by which means the Ground the Town ftands ppon is a fort of an Ifland. Here they built Caftles and la Fort, and might have gone on with Succefs, had not Itheir own DivHions put a flop to the Growth of their ISettlement, and given the Indians an Advantage over Ithem. One hundred and eight Men ftaid Upon the Iplace. Tis certain that in this year 1607. the Plantation i<^07. lof Virginia was firft fettled by about one hundred IPerfons, and that from thele fmall Beginnings it rofe Ito the Figure it has fince made in the Britifti Com- merce. The two Ships were fent back by the Pre- fident and Council to fetch Recruits of Men and Pro- Ivifions, and in the mean while thofe that remain'dfell to Planting and Sowing, to Building, Fortifying, and Trading with the Indians, making a prodigious Profit by their Traffick. But each private Trader being at liberty to fell their Goods at what Rates he pleafe, the Englifh underfold one another, by which means the Natives who had bought dearer than their Neighbours, thought they were cheated, and fo eonceiv'd an Aver fion to the Englifli in general, which ended in a National Quarrel.. The Trade was further mterrupted by a fort of yellow Duft-Jfinglas^ which was found to be wa(h'd down by a Stream in a Neck of Land on . the back of James-To^n. This the Englifti hniftook for Gold, and all their Hearts were fet IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) i ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 UilM |2.5 ut KU 122 u US U 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIISTIR.N.Y. MSM (71*) •73-4S03 s^ ^ n#! 1 50 8. lei neoatli to ^e QiBgleft of tMr itil ]^feQQ(b«| llil^iiicilV; and d^ Stdirjl^ and ft!emidoQ^ m miking Provifion jl^ a tune of Kfcelp^^ -wmch tliQi ome upon diem^ for while t'ley wete all rnnniogj mad after tbis-Viuoii^ Gold ; their Town wAs buro^l their Stores confiihiVfi and they wii^ redoc'd to tji^l laft Extremities of Want*. Many eftimable Stream. lathe mean time thty laboor'd under unfpeakable DtiBculties, which howevsr they bore> with patience, beiiig comforted by their golden Dreams. One of the ^ps that had been lent &ck toj EngUmd for Proviffons, retum'd \ and they loaded! her home with this Telim Dufi^ thinking aU tie] Stowage wafted that was beftow'd on Fiiris or Dru| and cou'd hardly a^rd any room fodr Cedar. mJ |onj( after her departure the other Ship arriv'd)] and her they alfo loaded home with thib unaginary Gold Duft,with Cedar and Clap-board to fill up. They were all fobufy in Fifhing for the Dirt^ that they cou'd fpare no time for Dilcoveriesy till the heat of theii^iAvarice began to Cool a little, and fome of the wiier Sort to fufpef^. that according to a good old Engliih Proverb, An mi not Gold that gU0r*d. At | b.ft Capt. Smithy with part of the Colony, made (c- veral Oifcoveries in James-VCwttj and up Chtfapeoc Bay, with two Sloops which they had brought widi I them for diat Purpole. In the (ame Year itfoS* the Englifli firft gathered Indian Corn of their own Planting, and they might have flourifli'd, had not their Feuds Folly, and Nea^ ligence, hinder'd their Succeft, and be«i the caafe of their Future Mifchieft. For in Capt. Smithes ab- ience. Matters fell into ConfufKin j (everal nineafy people were for deferring the Settlement, and attemi^ ted to run away with a fmall Veflel, which was leK to attend it^ but they were prevents. I Capt Smth in his Expedition among the Savagely I was lurpriz'd, affaulted, and taken Prifoner hj\ thtuii. He was then making Difcovery on the River I Chkv ICIiicdhommy^ where Oppecammouth^ a King of that Hatioii) fell upon him treacheroufly, and put all his Mea to death, after he had forc'd them to lay (jown their Arms. He not only fpar'd Mr. Smith*% mty but carry'd him to his Town, feafted Ihim, prefented him to p0irW^ the Chief King of meSava£es> who wou'd have beheaded him, had he not been Tav'd at the Interceiiion of Powhatarfs Daueh- mfocahnua^ of whom we (hall have occafion to lay Ldre hereafter. Capt. Smith returning to Jams* Town, found the Colony in fuch DiftradionsL that Itwas likely to break up. When he had prevailed upon moL to remain ther^ Capt Nevpport retum'd with Supplies of Men and Provirion& and they both paid |i Vifit to Powhatan^ who received them in great State; ICapt, Newport did not ftay long in Vtrginia^ and Capt. UmUf refigning his Prendency,Capt5S«»r/[r was una- cm- lllinioufly delir'd to accept of that Office. He made a smith IV^ Rid Expedition for Dilcoveries, leaving Mr. Scrive-fiienu Vice-Prefident^ but the Affairs of the Settlement lilill ran to deftru£tion. I bi the year following, t^op. John Laydertj and Ume Burroughs were marry'd, which was the firft fchriftian Marriage in Vkgimaj and in the (ame near the PreHdent and Council at James-Tovtn fentout Ipeople to make two other Settlements, one at Nim- Vmmd^ under Coipt, Martin in James-Kvitty and [the other at Powhatan^ 6 Miles below the Falls of IjMVJ-River , under the Honourable Mr. Weft: : ^ iMr. Martin attempting to feize the King of Nanpt- Umly was forced to fly from his Settlement, and Mr. JjVeJt did not itay long at his. The Colony was by this time fo encreas'd by Recruits Srom England^ that the ?eap\e of James-Town cou'd [pireiaoMen for each of theie Settlements. Not King after another Settlement was made at Kiquotan^ y. 3jc Mouth of James-KviQt, Powhatan was an In- dian Town, and was bought of Powhatan King of Ytrocomocoj for fome Copper. The Company mEntland underftanding how preju- iicial the Divifions in their Colony were to the ad- lancementof the Settlement, Pctition'd the King for ^"De- 1 ttve to appoint a Governour,which was granted them SJ[f/® I a new Patent. Purfuani to thU Grant they made the *^^'^* d Lord" sir Tho. Gates, 5ir George Summers, Newport, 'T)ep. Go- vernors, CApU Smith'i turcs. 71^^' a^rjMjf Vkgittii. L*M Delaware G^vctnottt of the Colbn^^ WHofel BiWher Mr. >r<^ !iV*d then iti VirMa, M^tm ii|!)p()inted three 6f the Members of tiie Society, ^J TSmtK Gates^ Sir G'/tfrgff SummerSy atid Captain ;?* ' ^, to be JMnt Deputy Governours. Thfefe thre6 Gentlemen embark'd in one Shi|), fet ifetl, with eUght rtiore in theit Goiiipany, ioa^ with*>rovif!ons *ftd Neteflari^. TheShi|iin5/^lii the Govetnonrs were, being feparated fr^wi th^ « iAa Stomi, wasdriv'n aflwre. and ftav'd at Bifrmiiki kft the Oi^w Ivere all favVi, and the ttHrecGoTeJ iioui^ With the reft', who, notwithftandingtiie M feet^th'ey had toft, were always jaiigUng, tothe^mtt Stt'ifiWentoftheihrAflBiirs. 1 • While tiiey wete there, the two Knights had perJ jWiial Q^rrds atnong themfelves, fortu^ Faftions] arid thelrDiffcrences grew tofuch a height, that r' ^ottld not enibkHc in the fame V«fflel ^ ^ they I «ach6f them one of Cedar, picking «!pthfeF«rnitti 6f ^ftdr old SHi^for Rigging-, and inftead ef Pit and Tar, they mad»J ufe ofFifh Oil, aiid HogsGre mii[*d With Lime and Afties. "^fcr<^ral of the Nine Shiffe that came otit Withi Gdvernotirs, aiYiv'd in Jdmes-Kivtr \ and by Iheij Arrival, encreas'd the iSiforder in thfe Settleitj^ntf thet^*, for, pretending that the new Commifl* diflTolv'dthe old one, they would not fubntit tot Government they found on the Place', the fatal Co feqnence of which we Oiall fee hereafter. We niuft now return toCapt. Smithy whowhili the Company were preparing todifpatch awayth three Goveriiours, and thofe Gentlemen ftay'd Sermudasy^ continued hfc making Difcoveries wio Eat Difficulties and Hazards*, in which he was 'd by Powhatan •, with whom he made War, it I fretjuent Advantages of the Indians, thonDtwitll but 'Lois-, himfelf tvas mice taken Prifonet byhiir once, as was hinted before, as he was making af fcovery of the Head of Chickahomorty River, andi nothcr time byan Ambiifcade at Onttwmoment, manner of his Treatment among the Indians, andl Eltape, his Friendfhip with NiWtaquavs the Kinn Son, and the furprizing Tendentels of Pficahmah , bau^ktcr {^i him, wh'.'iihc was about to bv cxtcutej TMHiftdff (jrVirgUiii. «87 lie Incidents equally agreeable and furpirizing. He £as given a hirn^e Account of them in his own Hiftory, JO which the Reader is refer*d •, only we cannot omit {^ting the wonderful Humanity of Pocahont^^ who fhen Mr. Smith*s Head was on the Block, and ih^ Ifould not prevail with her Father to give him ■hiB'^Fnend' pk^ put her own Head upon his, and ventwr'^ thfi^J •f Po- sicceiving di the Blow to fave him, tho flicwaiflM»*^"<>"f.»» fcirce thirteen Years old: A rematkable \ni!iinet^*^"f' kow vain we are toour fel ves, in thinking that all wl^ ^^^J'' ^ not refemble us in our Cuftoms arebarbarous . • . We ihall have occafion in this Chapter to faY (bme^ |tyn^ more of this generous Lady, who was filierfirft \mtniafi that ever (poke Enelim, or had a Childby tft£ngUniman, and the iifft CnnAian of thit Nation^. Capt. Smith having twice got out of the Hands of ||he Indians, proceeded in advancing the new (Med iottmy, which was now (b numerous, that thtrt Lere ;oo Men in Jamts-Citjy and Plantations up Mid mm the Comtrj-^ bat Mr. Smith happening to bf biovf n up by the accidental firing bf Tome Gunrpow- cspti kt in his Boat, was fo wounded that his Life Wasde-Smich re foaifd of, and his Frishdsoblig'd him to embark tor imdtx to £i^/W to be cur'd. V England. He was no fooner gpne, but thbfe he left bctoid^ dift. RadcUfmdCipt. Martitty fell out amoneflkm? felves, and the Confufion encreas'd upon the Arrival of the Ships bek>n^ing to the three Governours Fleet. The Colony foon mi fed their late Prefident Mr. Smithy who by his Wifdom, Vigilance, Courage and Care, ffeferv'd the Settlements in good Order. Without him they had certainly been ddlroy*d, either by their own Laztnefs and Negligence, or the Treachery and Craelty of the Indians: Tie always kept their Grafmr riei full, and by fair means or force oblig'd the Indi- ins to brine in Corn and Provifions. Heaw'd theni- jb much by his Vatour, thatthe^ durft not make any Attempts againft the EngUfh, for whofe defence Ke nifi'd Forts and Batteries, and was indeed the Soul of the Settlement *, for as foon as he left it the People de^ Itreas'd daily, and by theTreafon of the Natives, or^. Want and Hunger, to which they were foon reduced, 2fc'^ their Numbers were lelTen'd to ffo, when Sir Thmas^y^^'lt Vattt and Sir George Swmers arriv'd ; Tis true, thev ^ ^^^' (^2 nude ii9 The Hijtofy of ^i^jit^: made (ome unfucceisful Attempts to defend them^ felves *, Capt. StckUmre and dapt. RadcUff^ nvith i Cottipanyof Men, going amoneft the Indians to trade, M*^e furj)rii*d, and 60 Men (kin by Powhatan^ who l^ouldhave no Dealing with them after CaptSmri^V Departure. All thbfe that had fettled in u% Other part of the Coantry, fled from the Indiana toJames-Ttmi^ except the Planters sit Kiquafm, whd b^ing defended by Jtlgermm^fottf maintain*d them] felvei againft the Natives, but could not fubfift foi want of Providons, which they, as tvell as theii Country-men at James-Town, had wafted, and like them they were almoft famifh'd : Their CHftrefs win ib great, thatthev fed on the dead Bodies of the Wk ans #koni they flew, and even dug up tnd eat thoTel ^at were bnry'd. ^' Tfaisdn^dral Famine is ftill remcmber'd inf^r^ nioj by the Name of the Srarving Time, The PerfonJ who came in the laft Ships continu*d their Difleiitid amidft thefe Calamities; during which, fomeofthenil who pretended to be of theTlfeeGovemoursCottn] cil, aflum'd the Adminiftratioiif ^ and tho the Commid (ion was not arrived, ufurp'd tne Power of GoverningJ to the Ruin of the Settlement j which, by Faminel and Jickneis, bred by bad Diet, were reduc*d from aJ bovf^oo to 60 Periqns. I The Three Govemoursin the mean while fet fail 1610, on the nth nfMayj, ttfio. from i^fTMiM^, in their two fmall Cedar Ships, with i f e Men in their Com- pany •, and in 1 4. Day arriv*d in Virgifna, They went up to James'Toim with their Veflels, where they found the poor Remains of the Colony. Sir Thomas Gatesy Sir George Summer s^ and Capt iVhi^r pity*d their deplorable State, and immediate- ly call'd a Council, to conHilt of what ihould be done for their Relief. They informed them they had but f^ Days Provifion aboard, and demanded of them whether they would venture to Sea with that, or (lay in the Settlement, and take theii* Fortuned -, in which they would very willingly fhare with them. Theylbon relblv'dto abandon James-Town* and re- turn fot England'^ and, becaufe Provifions fell fhort, to call at the Banks of New-foundland^ in hopes to meet fume Fiiherm«n there, and an fuca cafe, to divide them- Tffi J^fiory of Virginia. 2^9 [diemlelfes into feveral Crews> and go aboard (everal Ships ^ th^i^ better Accomodation. fhis Refolution being taken, they all went aboard, ind fell down to HogAmd the pth of Junt'^ at Night ^ lad the next Morning to ^v/^erry-IHand, 1 8 Mi^es bdow James'Tmn^ and 3 o from the Mouth of the Rir JJ«f lord leri wher€ they fpy'd a Ship's Boat coming upto^!»warc tbem, which the Lord Dtlaaare had fent bepr^ him'^^^'* to found the Channel. This Lord brought with him 3 Ships, very w«U provided with all manner ofProvidons andKeceiTa'* lies, and ajo People to recruit the Colony. The Lord Delaware perfwaded them to return to James- ^ trnn \ and by his good conduct brought the Settlement into a flouriihing Condition. Ue reftor'd Dircipline among them, renewed their Trade with the Indians, wl^ch had been interrupted by their Wars with them j ana made the Savages once more afraid of attacking them, either openly, or by furprize. In his time the Government had the Form of an £# iUbliihment, and feveral Men of Quality bore Office^ in it, as the Lord Delaware Lord Governour^^ and Capuin General, SitThemas Gates Lieutenant 6eoe- ral, Sir Georu Summers Admiral, the Honourable George Piercy Efq*, Governour ofJames'Tewn and Forr^ Sir FerdinatuU Wenman Mailer ofthe Ordnance, Capt. Newport Vice Admiral, WilUam Strachy Efq*, Secreta* ry \ an Appearance of Officers that has not fince that time been feea in yirginia. My Lord (%nl Sir George Summers and Capt. ArgaH to Bermudas to fetch Proviiions : Sir George dy'd in die Voyage*, but Capt. Argatt got a Supply of Cod* 6(h at Siagadahec in New-England, Sir Themae Gates was fent for by the Company at iMidon^ to give them an Account of their Proceedings *, The ffei- and the Lord Delaware being taken fick, left Mr. Per- nouuhU cy Deputy Governour, and rcturn'd to England '^^^P-^^^> where he made the Adventurers fuch a pleafing Re- ^^/f> port of their Affairs, that they ordered it to be pub- ^|JJJJ^^ li(h*d. * There were now about 250 Men on 3^M»ri-River *, over whom Sir Thomas Dale was plac'd, with the Ti-ii> Tho. tie of Marfhal General, by the London Council : He Dale Mat* arriv'd thf re di9 % oth ot June^ 1 tf 1 1 . with ^ree Shipsf •<'• Q I laden 2J0 laien with Provifioiis and Ncceflaries, having S«W^ plies of Men, and Ibme live Cattle, ana HogsaboarS^ for Labour and Breed. On his Predeceffor's Departure 'the Colony fcM into their old Difordcrs, and began to oe in Want, occafion'd by their Sloth itid Diffefttion. They depended on their Supplies from. England^ and negtcfted to plant Corn, to Hibifft thenj in Qfe of a Difappointment, which they might reafon* ably have expe£^ed, confidering the L^gth and Ha- zards df the Voyage/ ' ^ • :1J'^ From this Knights Government the Profp^rity of # the Plantation may be dated, for he fet all the Englift • to ^ork, and did not difdain to put his own Hand to the Spade and the Axe, to help to turn up the Earth, and fell Trees ^ and that they might n6 more depend on the Natives for Corn, he put them upon fowift^ Grairi'oftheir own*, which, tho they did not begin to prepare the Ground till the Middle of Mayy yielded In indifferent good Crop : he ordered iland to be wall'd in for Fences from' wild Beafts, and the wilder Indi- ans: He enlarged the Englifh Bounds •, furvey'd the Rivers to find out a Place convenient for the building paifs-Cift 3, n6w Town, which was done at his own Qiarge, bialu and was from him cairdD^«(7(ff. , ' The Company in England^ notwithflanding they had hitherto met with very little Encouragement continu'd to fupply their Colony with all 'ibrts of Ne- cefTaries, follicitect to do it by the Loi'd 'I>f/^np<«r* and Sir Thomas Gates: The latter was fent with tf Ships more, having 35:0 Men on board, 1 00 Head of live Cattle,' and Plenty of Provifions and Tools for Labour and, Life. , • '*''':^' 'Sir 'fhomoi arriv'd in Auguji^ took upon him the Government :; and in September he fettled a new Towrt »i't )i/'rahattnck, about nxty Miles above y^rw^w-City, caflitig it Hcnricopoli^^ or Henry's-Tom^ in honour of Nfr;ry PvincQ ot Waies, ' ;' . Htre he built Forts and Centry-bokes, and ran a polij hiit. PaliHidoe on the other fide of the River at CoxendaUj tu fee are their Hogs. The Englilh now 'plough 'd the Gropnd. whereas before they planted ail their Corn wi;rh the Spade*, they alfo Cpread themfeW^ abroad in the Country, t^' - and sir Tho. Gares Co "ucmor. Ilcnri.'o- 's**"f «'j md pofle&d themfelves of private Plantations, wMcK they cultivated, and planted Tobacco and Corn, each- planter payiiig a Quit-Rent to thC: Treafury of vthe Colony* ' - ' Their Cattle, efpecially their Hogs, encreas'd pro- ^igiouHy 9 Li\v$ and Order began to fiouriih, Inda- Hry to thrive, and the Plantation to have the Face of " I Settlement that look'd to be laftmg *, yet it was not long before new Dangers threaten'd their Deft-'iftion 1 from which however the hand of God delivered diem. " "^ . The Company at London finding the Colony wais Churchs in a flourifhing Condition, thought it their Duty to built^ provide for the Welfare of their Souls, as well as their Bodies*, and to that end invited many charitable Per- fons to contribute to the building them Churches, and founding Schools for the Education of their Youth. Many dievout People, in hopes of propagating the Gofpel, open'd their Purfesij Minifters were fent over. Churches built, and fupply'd with Prea- chers \ as will be ihewn more at largo in its proper place. In; the Year 1612, Capt. Ar^aily afterwards Sit Samuely arriv*d from England with- two Ships mbre for the ufe of the Settlement. Sir Thomas fent Argall to Pototpmach to buy Corn, where he met with Pdca^ homa, the Lady of whom we ha.ve before made ho- nourable mention. He invited her to come aboard his Ship, which with fome fmall difficulty fhe confen- tedto, being betray'd by the King ofPafiancv, Bro- ther to the King of Potowmacky with whom (he then refided. AfgaU having got her in hisCuftody, detain d her, Pocohon and carry'd \itx to James-Tovm^ intending to oblige"/^'? <» her Father King Powhatan to come to what Terms he Y^Jf/' pleas'd, for the Deliverance of his Daughter : Tho the ""^S**^ king lov'd her tenderly, yet he wou'd not do any thing for her fake which he thought was not for his own and his Nations Intereft-, nor would he be prevail'd upon to conclude a firm Treaty of Peace, tho Sir Tho- mas Dale went himfelf to treat with him about it, be- ing then Marftial under Sir Thomas Gatcs^ till he heard his Daughter, who turn'd Chriftian, and was chvift- n«d RtbeccOy wasmar ry'd to Mt*John Rolfe^ an EngliOi ; Q. 4 Gciulc- I6lli ^ ^r^ n 2J2 Sie fMrtys Alr.IU)lfe« Ut$, ■W dp, Geo. Yardly Dep. G(h vemour. 1616, The mftory of Virginia. Gentleman, her Uncle giving her in Marriage in tlie I Church, Powhatan approved of the Marriage, took it j for a fincere Token of Friendfliip, and was fopleas'd with it, that he conclude a League with the Englilh in the Year x6\%. Intermarriage was propos'dat tibat time, as a fure means of continuing the Peace with' the Indians : And how far it would have anfwer'd that end. the Reader may judge ^ but the Englifh were not i fond of taking the Indian Women to their Beds as their Wives. Whether it was on account of their I being Paeans or Barbarians we cannot decide*, or wheSier that Nicety was not very unieaibnable in the Infancy of the Settlement. By Powhatan*s Alliance with the Englifli, and Mr. Rolfe^s marrying an Indian Princeis, a g^eat Nation were made Friends to the Colony : And thus they conceived hopes that ^ey had fecurM themfelves from the Infults of tJie Savages : But we (hall fee in a Page or two they flatter'd themfelves in their Security, when they were never nearer Deflru£lion. Tho Sir Thomas Gates was on the (pot, yet Sir Thomas Dak had a great (hare in the Government*, and Capt jlrgall reduc'd the Chieohomony Indians. Thefe two Gentlemen were very induflrious in the Service of the Colony ^ and the form'er. Sir Thotm Dale^ upon Sir Thomas Gates's return to j&9!g/W, in the Year 1^14. prefidedover it two Years*, during which time it fiourifh'd ^ and he then going for fug- tantif left Capt. George T/ir^i^ Deputy Governour ; took Mr. Rolfe and his Wife Pocahma with him, and arriv'dat PUmouth the 12th of June, Pocohon- ta trrives in EQg- land. der'd his waiting on her himJelf, petition'd Qu^en jinne^ Confort to King James, on her behalf (etting forth the Civilities he had received from her, and the Obligations flie had laid upon the Englifh, by the Ser- vices (he had done them with her Father. The Queen received his Petition gracioufly^ and before Capt. Smith embark'd for NewEnglaria, Mr. Xclfe came with his Wif^ from Plimouth to London, The Smoak of the Qty offending her, he took Lodg- ge in the I took it I fopleasUl I'd at that eacewith 7er*d that I were not Bedsasl of their ecide*, or ble in the I and Mr. atNatioD thus they ilvesfrom in a Page Security, ThoSir vmasDaU The JfSftofy cf Virata. a j j [iflg^ ibr her at Bremfird^ and thither Capt Smhh went with feveral Friends to wait on her. ftcahoHtavfSS told all along that CdnptSmith was dead, 10 ezcufe his not coming to Vtrgitna again, from Lhich he had been diverted, by iettling a Colony in \jliwEnglaad. Wherefore when this Lady few him, fftr Treur- [tiiinking the Englifli had in)ur'd her in telling her 2,^"^^ ^ Falfity, which ihe had ill deferv*d from them, Ihe J*"^*"' was fo angry, ihe woa'd not deign to {peak to himi***^^**"^* but at laft, with much Perfwauon and Attendance, was reconcil'd, and tdk'd freely to him : She then EC him in mind of the Obligations (he had laid upon n \ reproach*d him with forgetting her, with an I Air 10 lively, and Words fo fenfible, Siat onemigfit bive (een Nature abhors nothins more than Ingra- titnde) a Vice which even the very Savages de- mi \ She was carry'd to Court by the Lady DtUnart^ and entertain'd by Ladies o^ the nrft Quality, towaids whom ihe behaved her ielf with h much Grace and re ; MajeiW, that ihe confirmed the bright Charafter Capt Svriy had given of her. The whole Court were md Capt I charmed with the Decency and Grandeur of her Oe ousinthe \vtT\tonim I ) during gforfu;;- kvernour : him, and m ib kind mgas'd at rhicnhin* 'd Queen If, ietting ) and the y the Ser- uilyv and latidt Mr. > Londm, )ok Lodg* ing$ Grtment fo much, that the poor Gentleman her Huf- nd, was threaten'd to be call'd to an account for manning a Princefs Royal without the King's Con- fait ., > Tho in that King James ihew'd a very notable piece . ' of Kifig'Qraft ^ for there was no likelihood that Mr. Eolff by marrying Pocahoma^ could any way endan- ger the Peace of his Dominions, or that his Alliance with the King of Wkcomoco could concern the King of Grtai-Sritam : Indeed we are told that upon a fair and (nil Reprefentationof the Matter, tbi>King was pleas'd tobefatisfyU The Lady Pccahema having been entertain'd with all manner of Refpeft in England^ was taken ill at Gravefend» where ihe lay in order to embark for f^trg^niai She dy'd there with all the Signs of a fmcere . „ . Chriflian, and true Penitent i'^J!'' ,*" She had one Son by Mr. Pfilfe, whofe Pofterity^"6l>n<»'i are at this'day in good Repute in KirMM, Capt YarJUyy whom Sir Thomas vale had left Go- yernour, let the Buildings and Forts run to Decay, i '. - ., ,. being «J4 I6tf, Sir Sam. 3¥r JM^ry ef Virginia. being fo eager in planting Tobacco^ that heneglel^l the Security of the Settlements, and wauld sot fjxntl Hands enough to keep the FortiBcationd in repair J He alfo omitted fowing Com. And thus the Coloi fty fell into their nfiial Diftreis, were reduc'd togt^ Want, and expos'd to the Mercy of the Indians. J In the following Year Sir SaimdArgaU came o.| ArMH* ^^ Governour *, who was griev'd to foe the Numberl ^p^j^^y of the People leiTen'd, and every thing running J * ruin. , f.'. 1 The Indians alio, by mixing with the Englifh, had] learnt the ufe of Fire-Armi ; and the Planters out od Lazinefs employ'd them to hunt and kill WildTpowll for them. /V u. ^tSamuil ArgaU did what he could to regulate theii Diforders ^ but the Mifchief had tiken h deep re that he could not hinder its Growth. ' Cftpt. Tardfy retnrn'd to EngUmdy and Sir Samuel A\ ^all> governed the Colony in Peace till the next YesfJ 1 5x8. xtfis. when the Lord Dtltmarfj wIm) all diis tii ieems to have been Chief Governour, and thofe fiicceeded him only his Deputies,, came near th Coiift with 200 choice Men, (refli recruits of Provill ons, and all manner of NeceiTaries. i! My Lord flill fail'd the old way by the Canary zsS^ Lord Dt-^^^'^ Iflands. The Length oftheVoyaigehadi laware i^ EiFeft on his People, ofwhom 3ody*d^ andtl dies tm tbehoxd Delaware himlelf did not live to reaeh Ftr Coaft, M \\V gtma-j fo that Sir Samuel continu'd ^ii the Cover metit. . ■ Mfir,-. . • ,» . ."v t^njv"! . Pevphatan dying in \ApriL left his Kingdom tohi^ fecood Brother Jtopatin^ who renewed the Leags^ with the Englifh: Bot this Prince was foon out ' of his Dominion^ by Qppecancamugh his youn^ Brother, who reign'd over Chickahemonyy ma himielf Mafter of jill the Nations ^ around himJ and his Empire aiilaft became formidable to theEnil glifb. ' SitSatn. ^^4// finding his Colony was in Peace, and| that they thriv'd a- pace under his Government, bega to look, about hiru a little, and refolv^d tonndertak^ m Expedition on the Coafts, to make Diicoverie and diHudge the French, who hid fettled in Acadia, J'' ^» * K«^^t imi>'> tlji^' V<^,r»'.»i ,.,.J^>. «,^i.,-„^.*.' In The mfiofy rf Vli^ia^ ^^ il his^wat he drofc out fome Mtanders^ \y1io' sir I feated themfelves on Hudfms River \ he then Sam. Ar- jck'd a Settlement of French to the Northward S^^^'s Ex- Cape Cod\ and afterwards drove fAoxsRtxiv Bien-f^'^^}^\ t from Port'RflydU in Canada^ where the French If '''"-'l'*^. faw'd and reaped, bailt Barns, Mills, and other nS iveniences; uv^ t^*'"'^*'* Thofe of them that were for retiirnihg to JB'^Wt^ jWrmitted to embark-, which (bme of them did, others went np the River of Canada^ to make a t Settlement there. With the Plunder of thefe two Forts Sir Samuel im'd to Fhriinia: And how he could juftififehis acking the Subjefh of a Prince who was at Peace Hijh his Mafter King James^ does not appear in the Bftorles which mention this Event •, only we are lid, that fome Months after it there arrived a fmall ^1 from £«g/<«r^, which did Aot ftay for any thin^, Btasfoon as Govemour ^j4iOr was on board, it (8: \ and carry'd him home. The occafion of his be- ^^ j* ^^^ I fecaird fe not know •, and therefore *tis imputed J?^ ''• [lis attacking the French. f • >?.; Heleft Capt. Nath^miet Penoeil t>emtj -^ whothep""', me Year refighM his Office to Sk Gtorge Yardfyy^^^%^ liom'King James had Knighted, and the Company j,^^^^^ Bade(jovernour. ' sir Geo. Iherearriv'd with Sir (7Mr^f, and (bme MonthsafterYardly iira.i 3 oo Men in 2 1 Ships, the Earl ofSouthamptottyOnQ Governor, f me Company at Z^/? hit fat in Plrgima, met at James-Tovm in Mayy 1 520. JJfembly. The Governour and Council at firft fat with them, 1^20. !the High Commiflioner, Lords and Commons, fit [ogether in the Parliament in Scotland'^ here the ^wirs of the Settlement were debated. We ftiall fea m ^-■i- ' a}6 The Hiftorf (^ Vk^rua. in the (blowing Chapters how this Method of Seifion came to bealter'd. In AuguH a Dutch Ship put in there with Keoro and the Merchant fold 20, which were the (irft Slav that were brou^t thither itorxi Guinea, This Ye alio die Boundaries of James who arriv'd in Ofl cisWyat, jftr^ 1^31. and this Year more Men fettled there Governor, y^fj^Q feUing to Planting, they made fo muchTobacl >^?i* co^ that the Market wais over-^o<:k.'d« and th^ ComI inodity yeilded little or nothing. The King pitviod their Lois by it,commanded that no Planter Ihou'd tM pext year plant above x^o /. qf Tqbajcco a Man, adj virvoL them to turn their Tpare time to provide Con and Stock, and make Potafli or other Manu&£^ures. In November Oipt, Newport arriv'd with 50 Men oa his own Account, and fettl'd a Plantation at did Place, which from him is call'd Newport's News, ScM tlements were made as far as Patowmeck River, wher the Indians never molefted the Englifh. On the conj trary, they were always friendly and ferviceable t them. The General Aflfembly appointed inferiou Courts, caird County-Courts, to be held tpr the more convenient Diuribution of Juftice i|i Cautei of lefs moment : The reft were try^d before the| Governour and CounciLwho were the iupream Court of Judicature in the Ciountry. The Prolberity and Increafe of the Colony render'd the EngliAi careldsl of their Safety. They convers'd frequently and openl W with the Indians, admitted them to eat. drink, and! fleep with them, and wou*d often do the fame at theirl Cabbins *, by this Means the Savages became acquaint ted with their Strength, and learnt tho ufc of Guns. . They" I. •^' Thi iSJfofy (f Vii^inla. a J7 Iffiey knew their Places of Refidence and Refbrt, Itnd their Fear of them by degrees wearing off, pre- ar'd 'em for ariy bold Enterprize againit them on Jie firft octafion ^ And 'twas not long before their kmperor Oppecaneanough took an Affront for the Mor- m of one of his Captains, a Man very eminent in his Ijifation for his Valour. This Fellow had robb'd |oae Marmingy and kill'd him ; for which he was about )have been apprehended and carr/d before a Tuftice Iflf Peace, when he came next time into theEndiih I jioandaries ^ but making fome Refiftance he was Ihot Oppecancanntghf on News of the Death of his Cap- tain, reiblv^d to be reveng'd, and he and his Indians contriv'd a general MafTacre of the Engltih. which Iwas to be executed on Friday the 2td of Afarch^ i gii- t eit, ind moft of the Nations of the Indians were engag*d The Snt" U the Confpiracy, which was reveal'd to Mr. Paci^fi^^ ha converted Indian, or the MafTacre in all probt-'r*l§ , Wity had been general. tbelndimii I Tne Difcovenf he made being but 4 or f Hours Ibefbre the intended Execution of it, the remoter Plan- Itations cou'd not take the allarm, and the EngUfli that [dwelt neareft to the Savaees, were barbaroufly but- Idier'd, Men, Women andChildren, by them, to the NumDerof334Perfons. Mr.Pace^ed to James-Tomt^ md fo did all to whom he cou'd give notice of the |Confpiracy. Others ftood on their Defence,and made I I retreating Fight to their Forts. The Plantations were de(erted,and the Planters who liv'd at a Diftance Commanded to fet their Houfes, Barns, Store-houfes, \&e» on Fire, to repair to the Forts, and defend them* felves againft the Common Enemy. Moft of thofe that were kiU'd, fell by their own Weapons, Infiru* incnts, and Working Tools. Thofe who were at the Works at the Iron Mines near. Falling Crtek^ ' were all murder'd, except a Boy and a Girl who hid themfelves. This Iron Work cou'd never after be re- ftci'd, nor the Lead Mines, which the Superintendant Ihad jufl then difcover'd, be found out. The Projcft of Glafs-houies at Janus-Tewn was ruin'd by the Mai- llicrc, which put Improvements out of Peoples Heads : from this time they were fo enrag'd at the Natives, . ,^, that they never gave over warring with them till they liad t jS 2*? Mfory tf Virgink. Kadalmoft utterly extirpated the Nations thiit vMftt| coiicem'd in the Maflacre. They dealt the fame] meafttre to them that they had receiv*d it^ *tixiZt And the Savages, fearirte the Englift afte^l ditfj^ were colleiEUd into one Bodyi fl^ to WcxkIs. The OoveAiour invited tnem to to. their own Habitatioiis, and plant tiieir whith on Dromire of Peace they did ; and when theyl were as (ecnre as the Englifli had oeen, the Iac(^| Ittli upon them, cutgreat numbers of 'em to pieced and deftroy'd their Corn and Habitations. They atl tack'dand entirely deikroj'dPinphafanfimcmcanoiu^i Royal Seat, where in imitation of the Enslifli he kadi built him a Houle^ and was fo plteas'd wim the Q^l firrvance of a Lock and Kev to ftflen ti» Door, thatl 'ds faid his Imperial Majelty (pent moft part of i^ ' Time in lockinjg and unlocking it,wondring how ui a flight Turn of his Hand , ftiould have fuch iqI tfft^ on the Door arid Poftern. The English conti>| nu'd to affault the Indians where-ever they found thenLl they deferred thofe Parts where they then inhabited,! and the Colony receiving frefh Supplies from £ngianj\ and Arms and Ammunition out of the Tower Dytiiel King's Command, extended themfelves every wajul and planted over all the Country, as *tis now peopledl and cultivated. Some time after this Maflacre, leveral Gentlemen procur'd Grants of Land in England from the Com- pany, and others came over on their private Accounts to make Settlements *, among the former was one Capt. Martin^ who was nam'd to be of the Council. , This Man rais'd fo many Differences among them, that new Diftraftions follow'd, which the Indians cb-| ferving, took heart, and once more fell upon the Eng- li(h on the Borders, dcftroying them, without pity- ingeither Age, Sex, or Condition. Thele and other Calamities being chiefly imputed I to the Mifmanagement of the I*roprietors,wnofeLo(rei J.. had fo difcourag'd moft of their beft Members, tJvat Oiarles I ^^7 ^"^^ ^^*^'^* Shares, King Chnrlts I. on his Acceifion diffolyti ' ^^ ^"^ Throne, diifolv'd the Company, and took the the Com- Colony into his own immediate Direction.- He a|>- fifij* pointed the (jdvernour and Council himfclf, order'd all l^tentband Pruccis to iffue in his own Name, and relci'v'd He Jilpory of Virginia. ^ n>}9 ItefetvM A Cuit-«nt of ft /. for every hundred Acres. I We have been the larger in our Account of theDU*- |f *eni taken fo many Particulars, as will Wether give the Reader a clear Idea of thelnfkncy, Orowthand Increafeof this Settlement, fromCapt. Ijimidas and Oapt. Bartm's Difcoveryof the Country, to the Government of Sir John Harvey who was the Hrft Governour of Firgmia after the Diffolution of the 7he frefm Company. The King order'd the future Form oif its Cwfiitun- ICdnftitution to be by a Governour, a Council ofo»/««W. tiwlve Gentlemen, and the Aflembly cOnfifting as has been faid, of Reprefentatives deputed by thefeveral towns and Counties in the Colony; He grantt i large kt^cks of Land to Gentlemen and others in EngloMy jrfid to fome of them added Authority independent of tke* Government, giving each Gentleman the (ame mwer in his Province as the Proprietors of Vtrginia ji&d formerly. The greateft of thefe Grants was that of the whole Territory of Maryland^ which was giv'n by the King to George Calvert^ Lord Baltimore, The Vtrgimans pretend that this Divifion of their Country into ieparate Provinces, created feparate In- tcrefts, and that the General Advantage of tnc whole, I ias ofcen fnfFer'd by their Oppofition to the Regula- tions which have been made for the Common Good. They tell us, that when the Government of Virginia ks thought fit to prohibit the Exportation ofbad Tobacco to help the Market in England^ the Plan- ters of Maryland have pour'd in as much Trafti as they con*d make, to take the Advantage of that Market. Whether the People of Maryland nave not the fame or the like Complaints to make againft the Virginians^ is to be doubted, and that the Induftry and good Ma- nagement of that Colony have fet an Example ev'n to her Mother- Plantation, which it had been better with her if (he had follow'd. We muft leave this Difpute to be decided by the Gentlemen concern'd in it, and j,> john continue our Hiftory of Virginia^ during the Admini- Harvey, ^r?i1\on of %vc John Harvey J who was a great Promo- OowMor. ter of the large Grants that were/made of Land in his Province, and often went fg far, that he procur'd the very Jw- Wil- liam Berk ley. Go- venur. t4o The Hijl&ry o/Virgimt. very Settiements which had been nude before to included. In a word, he was a very bad Governov^ fevere in his Extortions and Exaftious, in Fines anj Forfeituresyproudand turbulent in his Councils^nd£ unjuftand arbitrary, that the Gentlemen of the Colo] t ^i 9. ny not being able to endure hisTvranny, feiz'd himW Seized mi f^nt him Prifoner to LandrniAvi the Year 1 53 p. ffc^ J^jo deputed two of their Memoers to accompany hin England. ^^^^ ^^^^y^^ ^^^^^ Grievances to King Charles I. wL was fo ht from redreflingthemy that he immediately order*d Sir John Hfxrvty to return to his Government But the Cry of the Plantation was fo loud, that it wai to be fear'd it might reach the Parliament : To pr^ vent which SirTww was foon recall'd, and ^\twA Ham Berkley order'd to fucceed him. I In Sir John Harvey's 7ime^ lays Bullock in his DifJ courfe of Virginia, what perplexed Condition were bm he and the Gentlemen of the Country in^ when uponhitl Complaint they were Jent for from Virginia/o anfwer \m\ /^England at the Council Boards and again upon theki Complaint he and his Friends muft come to London toan-i fwerat the fame place j and this iterated^ befides cmi\ nual Heavings and Shavings between two Parties^ &c. The Differences between the Governour and the "^ Colony occafion'd fo much Confufion, that the Indians who watch 'd all Opportunities to fall on the Englifji, furpriz'd them again, and cut off joo Men, Women, and Children. Jmker OpMcancanough h\^\y refented the Incroachments Majfdcre. that had been made on his Dominions by the late Grants, and had contriv'd another General MaflacreJ but the Enelini were fcatter'd up and down in fo ma- ny feparatePlantationsythat 'twas impoflible for him to deflrov them at once, without an entire Conquefl, to which he cou'd not pretend. However,he order'd the Savages in all Quarters to Maffacre the Borderers, and himielf and his Indians were the moft a£^ive of ail in deilroy ing thofc that had fettled on Tork-Kivar^ by the Natives c^VdPamaunkeejVthcte he himfelf keptnis rude Court, and had fix'd the Seat of his Empire. This • . Prince is by Mr. Smith faid to be Powhatan's Brother. I-le was of a large Stature, a noble Prefence, and un- derllood the Arts of Government as well as 'tis pof- fible fui' a Mail to do, who was entirely unacquainted with 7& IBfiory ^/Virginia; 241 lith Letters; The Indians by Tradition ireport^ that > was not related to their King Powhatan^ but came )in a far Country which lay South- Weft of theirs, jid by theirDefcrip^ion of it muft be near A/me diftance from the place of his nal ReHdence, march'd againft him with a Party of rre,rurpriz'd,and took him Prifoner in the Weftem Seizes tie is of Henrico County. Sir William intended to Emperor nd him to the King, but a Souldier in reveige of Oppecan- jc many Miferies the Colony had endur'd by his In- canough. arfions. (hot him in the back, of which Wound he fi Before his death he carry*d himfelf with a Mag- (imity truly Royal. He was very old, worn out lith age, and the Hardftiips of War. His Eye-lids ere fo heavy, he cou*d not fee without the help of I Servants to lift them up. When he was a Pri(b^ r, hearing a Noife about him, he caused them to be ted up, and perceiving 'twas the noife of a Rabble It were then come to lee him, he refie^ed with In- gnation on the ungenerousTreatmentof the Englifh, ifflakingaSight of him, and expo/ing him to the liblence of the Multitude *, and calling for the Go^ «mour Sir William Berkley^ he faid. Had it been my rtme to have taken you, 1 wotid not bafely have exposed I as a Show to the People. * On the Death of this Emperor, the Nations whom !had fubje^led, became afrdid of the Power of the [nglifh. There remain'd no Prince of an equal enius to keep fo many feveral Kingdoms united. Iicy fet up Sovereigns of their own, and their rength being weaken'd by this Divilion, the Eng- |lh were no more afraid of any Difturbance by them ; ■ nlefs it were thofe who lay nearcft to them, and Mifequently were more liable to be furpriz'd by them, ot Sir Wtlliam Berkley made Peace with all of 'em, nd the Savages knowing they cou'd get nothing by ^ar, kept it a lon^ time unviolated. The manner of uppecancanougW% Death is variouHy Elated by the Writers that have made any mention R of of it •, fotne fay he was kill'd in , the A^^i||» \ ^ SitWiUlam Berkliy came to furprize h^iM. OtJi?, that he was t^en and cpmmitted to Prifon, wbere |S dy'd. The iroft au thentick account of it is wlut wej Bullock, have ta^eri from the Author of the Hi^ory of Virginia:] Tis certaij^i, that with him the Power of th«^ hidiaw was entirely deftroy'd. The Colony was in a fair waj of iaiproying this great Advantage', and there wert no 1# t\m *5ooo Men, befides, Won\e;i and Oifl dr^n, on the place. When News came of the| Tro]a()les in England^ which natural]ly afFe£^^ JiU Xhf^ Colonic: Befides, that the Relations and ^^rienas of the Inhabitants wei^e inyolv'di in thi^mj they depended on that Kincdom for Supplies an Prpteftion, and a conftant Market to. take ofj x\ Commodities their Plai^tations produc'tf. ^'X* for a while v;as moi;c concern'd in them, tlj any of the other Settlements. For Sir WUlk Berkley ilood out againft the ufurp'd i?owers En^Uwdy after the Murder of King CharlesX}ei^ Firft; and by his Loyalty hinder'd the Commerce of thj Planters there with their Friends and Correfpondend at home. Their Supplies of Provifions we):e cut offd Their Tobacco Uy on, their Hands ^ and the yir^A nians were obliged to (ubfift by themfelyes, vvhiclJ they were now in a Condition to do, for the Plantera kid great Stocks, 30000 Head of Cattle, an infinity number of Hogs \ Beef and Pork were i e/i;>i>, with a fma II Squadron ofGifnDen- IShips to Land fome Forces, and drive Sir Wi/Ham^'^^ ''fauces Ittrkley out of ITtrgifiia, Sir WiUiam ftill continued Virginia [iiis unftiaken Principles of Loyalty. He hir'd fome y^ ^*r IDatch Ships that were then in his Harbours, and 2^%^ 7. bade a brave Refiftance. The Virginians being ani- ^/ tjaated by his Example, Capt. D;»i?/j attack'd them to no Purpofe *, and finding he fhou'd lofe a great many Men, and perhaps not fucceed at laft in his Enterprize by Force, he had recourfe to Policy. He gave out that he had two very rich Cargoes of GochJs belonging to two of the Coimcil aboard one of his Ships, and if they did not Surrender them- jelves to him, and engage the reft to do fo too *, he wou'd detain the Merchandize. The Council were too well inclined to comply with the Wickednefs of the rimes. 'Tvvas only the Governour \yho was willing biiazardall, rather than fubmit to thole Powers, to whom three Potent Kingdoms had already fubmitted. He wou'd hearken to no Terms till the two Coun- fellors, whole Hearts were "bent on the fafety of their Goods, engag'd the Majority of their Brethren to a- gree to a Surrender •, and Sir WiUiam was not (b very refolute, as to pretend to oppofe both an Enemy with- j oat, and a Faftion within his Government *, fo he was Ibrc'd to lay down his Arms, and retire to his Plan- tation. We cannot omit correfting a Miftake of the I Hiftopan we have often mention'd in this Hiftory^ who fays Capt. De/ww was fent hy Oliver, He has run into the vulgar Error of thofe, who call all "the Governments from the King's Death to CromweU% Oliver's'^ Whereas Cromweu did not turn out the Rump, till two or three years after Sir George Ay- I few's Expedition. He wiis himfelf in Scatland then, and had nothing to do with the Admiralty of Emlandy further than as his Councils influenc'd the Affairs of the Common- • wealth. When he was aftually in PofTeflion of the fole Adminiftration. he bufy'd himfelf ahout the Plantations, as much as any other part of the Eni|- lilh Dominions,* and Virginia fell under his Cogni- zance as well as the reft. We read in an old Hiftorian, that Major General Voimz^ who was made Governour of the Leward R 2 I/I>tni{s Mr. Ben- net Go- vermr. Mr. Mat- thews 244 The Hifiorj of Vivgmh* -5?Wj by the Parliament, fail'd from St. Chrifiopher^^ to VtrgmiOy before Sir George Ayfctie fent Detmis^ vyho ' it feems by ^09^ Author found the Bufinefs done to his Hand, and that G)tintry the only Retreat for Ca- valiers, was forc'd tofubmit on Terms of Indemp- nity. Co/.Diggs Col. Diggs was firft made Governourof Firgim ^ Covsmor. by the Parliament, durine whofe Government no- thing remarkable happened. He was fucceeded by Mr.Bermetj and he by Mr. Matthews. The two laft Governours only were put in by Oliver. Tho the fame Hiftorian fays, That Diggs, Bemet and cnews Matthews, were all Governours during the finali time Governor, ^^ Cromwell's Proteftorate. If fo, there nfuft have * been fonie other Governour between Sir WiHiam Berkley, and Col. Diggs: If not th« changing of Go- vernours was not fo extraordinary as he pretends. Before the end of our Hiftory, we (hall more than once find three Governours in feven years ^ for fo long it was from Sir William Berkley's lubmiliion, to Oliver's Death ; and this was the leis rare, becaufe Mr. Matthews dy'd in his Government. The Trade of /^»V^/»w flouriOi'd in thofe Days, notwithftanding the Aft which paft in one of Crom- well'i Parliaments^ to break off that Colonies corre- fpondence with other Nations, and to prohibit their Exporting or Importing any Commodities whatever, but what ihou'd be loadcn aboard Englilh Ships, navi- gated by Englilh Seamen : Which Aft, commonly caird, The j4B of Navigation, was juftify*d after the Reftoration,by another Aft of Parliament to the lame purpofe, but witli I'everal Reftriftions and Prohibiti- ons, by Bonds, Securities, &c. Sir William BerkUy having (licwn a great Concern always for the good of the Colony, was mightily belov'd by the People. On the Deatn of Mr. Matthews, when they were without a Governour, they immediately call their Eyes upon him, and by an obliging Violence com- peJiy him to aflume the Government -, which how- ever he wou'd not confent to, unlels they all promis'd to join with him in venturing thcir*Lives and tor- time for the King, who then was in Exile, but not at that time in trftnce^ as our Hiitoriaii affirms. This T%eHiftoiyofYivg\mi. 245 This was indeed a very bold A£^ion, for as yet diere had no News arrived of 0//t^*s Death, and the Anarchy in England that fucceeded. The Virginians accepting of the Terms he pro- posed, he accepted of the Government, and, we are toldjforthwith Proclaimed Charles 11. Kingof £;7gW^, Scotland^ France^ Ireland^ and f^irginia. It happen'd well for him and his Colony, that King Charles was not long after reftor*d to the Throne of his An- ccftors; yet we don't find that the King gave ~ Sir William Berkley any greater Reward than conti- nuing him in his Commiflion, and making him one of the Proprietors of the Province of Carolma^ when he erefted it into a Principality about the Year 1 66$ . ^p^ Fi*an- Sir William going for England to Congratulate his f'^ Moiri- Majefty on his Reftoration, left CoLFrancis Morrifm^^^' ^^' his Deputy. '"'-^• When he came to Court, he was gracioufly receiv'd by the King, who in Honour of his Loyal Virgiftians^ 1 550, isfaid to have worn a Robe at his Coronation, made of the Silk that was fent from thence. Col. Mor- rifon in the mean time behav'd himfelf to the Gene- ral Satisfaction of the Plantation. He order'd the Laws to be revis'd and collefted into a Body, to be lain be- fore the AfTembly at their next Seffion. He took the fame care of the Church, as he did of the State. /^*f Behar He regulated the Parifhes, fetled the Minifters W'JMr. Allowances, got a Revenue for the Support of the Government, and other Laws for the Enrourage- ment of the Linen and Woollen Manufiftories, the breeding of Silk- worms, Tanning and Salt works. While the Deputy-Governour was To bufy'd forth© Service of the Colony, Sir William Berkley was mEn^landf taking his Inftruftions from the King, for his future Conduft. His Majefty order'd him to promote Husbandry, Manufaftures, Silk and Vine- yards, that all Ships Trading to Virginia^ fhou'd go to J(/ww-Town, and be enter'd at the Cuitom-Houle there before they broke Bulk ^ which Order was giv'n with an Intent that by it the People might bu tempted to come thither and dwell there, tor the convenience of Trade ^ and had it been obey'd, it might have encreas'd the number of Buildings \\\ that City, which is now much lefs than it wasTour- R J fcore 2^6 The JrTtfiory 0/ Virginia. fcore years ago, every Body coveting to liye at kis Plantation^ ai^ fettle where bethinks he ihall have the beft Crops and Conveniencies of Shipping. This is the Reafon that there are lb few Towns in Vtrgmia^ and thofe that are there, fo very fmall. Sir WiUm. being fully inftrufted by the King, how he ihou'd pro. ceed on his Return to his Government, fet foil from England to Virginia^ where he arriv*d in the Year ?^?' i5tf2. and immediately put the People upon impro- R il' ving their Plantations, and advancing Manufkftures. ?ev Go- ^® ftimmon*d an AfTembly, and got an Aft pafs'd for vtrmr,' l^uildingof J2t Efficiently to keep down the Price. They attempt- ed again to havd the Planting of Tobacco itinted, and the Agents of Carolina and Afaryland, who were then at Jamei-Town^ confented to it, Hut the 06- vernour of Maryland evaded it, and Proclaimed the Aft void. Thus the poor Planters drudg'J on to their Lofs, their Tobacco yielded lirtle or nothing, and all forts of Goods that were imported from Eu- rope, bore ^very high Prizes, which was enough to raife Difcontents and Murmurs, and produce the Di- ftiirbances that loon after happen'd. Tho the Virginians had all the Reafon in th- World to expeft' a Complyance from the People of Ahry- land, yet they condefcended to fend Agents to '^i.Ma- n/'s,the Capital of the Provinces, as it w^re to Petition (or their Confent. In which they were unfiiccclsful alfo •, the Governour telling 'em, He woud not call an JS^embly Houfes would have been built, and Towns rais'd byl degrees, without the Force of an Aft \ which has! little Influence on the Wills of People, and in Freel Governments, where Mens Properties are con-l cern'd, the Laws are always tender of ufmg too much Violence, unlefe the immediate Safety of the Common- wealth requires it. The Plague and Fire happenmg at London when thefe Forts were about to be built, put a ftop to the Undertaking, and it never was profecuted afterwards J for want of which, the Dutch often infulted the Coafts in the Wars between England and HollandA ajid took the Ships out of the Harbours. To defend them againftany Invafion from the E- nemy, a few Batteries were rais'd, which contributed little to their Security. 1 Sir William Berkley^ to remedy the Evil of the low Price of Tobacco, earneftly recommended, and hear- tily encourag'd the Silk and Linnen-Manufaftures, Pot-Aih and Hemp: He fet an Example himfelf| at his own Plantation \ and it had been well for the Colony if they had induftriouily followed it. The Indians all this while continu*d quiet ^ indeed they durft not offend the Englifh, who were now <^rown fo powerful, that they could fend an Army of 6 or 7000 Men into the Field, and leave twice as many at home to look after their Plantations, He He Tent out Capt. San with 1 4. Englifli, and 14 In- inj, to make Difcoveries. This little Company ^-oen' cntfrom Apparmtox in Cfe^r/w-County, and in icven ^^ers, iys time reach'd the Foot of the Mountains, which —crofs'd with great Difficulty in three days more *, then defcended into fruitful Vallies, where they Difcwt- lund an incredible Quantity of Deer, Elk% Bufla- riei, csandTurkies, fo tame, that they would fuHer them ^Q]oft to reach them. They alfo found Grapes as Kgasfmall Plums. Farther forward they came to a Rivulet, which de- fended backwards. They travell'd down that Stream ftveraldays, and coming to fome Cabbiiis, they could perceife that Indians had lately heen^ there, and as they fuppos'd fled away at Capt Ban and his Compa- ny's approach. The Savaaes he had with him could not be perfwa- ded to pa(s iome Marflies that were beyond thofe Cab- tais. They faid there liv*da Nation a little fiirther that made Salt, and fold it to their Neighbours \ that they {uffer'd no body to return who hacTbeen amongft them: And notwithftanding Capt. Jff^r^us'd all the Arguments he could think of to perfwade them to go forward, the cowardly Indians would not ftir a ftep ftrther •, lb the Company were forc'd to return. On the Report Capt. Ban madetotheGovernour of his Travels and Adventures, Sir William Berkley rc- fclv'd to go in Perfon : He had made Preparations for it, nam'd the Man who was to have been his Depu- ty Governour, got the Aflembly to pals an Aft in fii- vour of the Enterprize*, and juft as things were ready for his Departure, Col. Bacoiis Rebellion broke out, Co/. Ba- which ruin'd the Defign. con'5 i^- In the Year 1570.4 or y Years before Ca^t. 5dtt*s *«Ww»« Enterprize, Col. Collet with 9 Englifli Horfe, and 5 Indians, march'd up in the Country *, and fo did Ma jor Harris mt]i 20 Englifh Horfe, and 5 Indians', but to as little Advantage as Ban's : After whom. Sir William gave a CommiSion to a German Surgeon to difcover 3ie South- Weft Parts of rirginia. He went along the Foot of the Mountains as far as the Lake Sherre^ and difcover'd them to be palTa- ble in two places. This Man reported, that while he ' was in an Indian Town neai: tne Mountains, there came 256 Thi Hifiory 6f Virgirtiii. came 4 Savages on ?n EmbaflTy to the King of f|„ Town, from a King who liv'd beyond the Mountkirl He brought bacK an Emerald, and (bme Spj^ni^ Money which he had of the Indians bordering on thl Lake there ^ and this rais'd Conjeftures, 3iat tk Spaniards are feated near the back of thofe Mountains The Rebellion we are going to fpeak of, beino, one of the moft extraordinary Events that ever ha|3 pen*d in the Englifli Plantations, we Ihajl be larger ii our Account of it, which we have taken from pmilici and private Authorities. The Author of it. Col. Nathaniel Bacorij Jun. wu a Gentleman who had been liberally bred in England^ having ftudy'd'fome time at the Temple : He was youn| bold, aftive, handfome, and eloquent: His Merit ai. vanc'd him to tlie degree of a Counfellor •, and hii food Qualities got him the Love and Refpeft of thi 'eople, who were at that time very much difafFeftei with the Government, and ready to take Fire ^ whi Bacon perceiving, blew up the Coals of DifTcntioTi a- mong them fo much, that at laft it burft out into Flame. Before we come to the Faft. it will be propet ti let the Reader into the Caufcsotthe Peoples Murmur and Refeniments *, of which thefe four were the chief The Cau- i. The low Price of Tobacco m England *, andth fes of it, high Prices of all Goods exported thence to Virginia 2. The Grants made by King Charles, of fevtn . '; Parts of their Country to Noblemen w England J in fome of which feveral of their Plantations wert ' ' incltfded, I 3. The Burdens laid upon them by the Parliamem *^ * in Eni;land^ and Taxes by the j^ffembly in Vir^ * ginia. 4. The Dijiurbances given them by the Indiitns. Of all thefe (Irrievmces, that of the Grants was the moft intolerable: Their Property being given awayj from them, after they had been at great Trouble, Haj z:ird and Charge, to make Settlements. Tiic AfTfinbly taking the bad Condition of manyol] the Planters, by the vexatious Suits, and the Expence they \;ere forc'd to be at about their Titles to their V\mx- The Mftory of Vitgmiz. 2^1 atations, into Confideration ^ deputed Mr. Lud- [Secretary of f^rginia^ and Col. Park to go to jlhmd^ to reprefent the Matter to the King, and pe- ^ ition for Redreft. A new Tax was levy'd, to defray the Charge of Sir Voyage \ and this was the more burthenlome, aafe the Agents did not fucceed in their Negotia- _j. . After a Year's Patience in waiting for News from lem, they had Advice, that there were little hopes f Redrefs. Upon which they grew outragious •, and ^ir Rage endw'd in Rebellion. King CW/f/ hearing fit, woulcknot hearken to their Agents Remonftran- t^ and thofe of them who had Money, were forc'd compound with the Grantees for 3 or 400 /. a The Indians ever fince thdir laft MafTacre, had kept The Mi- ry quiet til) lately : And now they began to be trou- Mi ftir. ilomeat the Head of the Bayof 0?f^pe/i)^, and on eir own Frontiers. Thofe at the Head oi the Bay yd to' trade with* the Dutch in Mmadasy fince call'd When the Indians travell'd thither, they paft, go- g and coming, by the Frontiers of f^trgma^ and idcd with the Virginians *, who had the firft of their terket. and the Choice of their Furs. While the Itch ftay*d at Monadas this Traflfick went on very aceably ; but aflbon as the EngUfti, who had pol- &'d themfelves of New-Tork and the Trade, nnder- Jood the Advantage their Countrymen in Virginia ideof it. they treacheroufly fet the Sava|Tesagiinft em*, anci fucceeded (b well, that inftead of calling ithem as Friends, they never came, but to murder br rob them. The Indians on their own Frontiers were provok'd ftha Lofs of th?ir Trade, which decay'd daily \ and • J Sir William Berkley's Attempts for Difcoveries, Ifhlch they apprehended Wds intended to deftroy kern •, and therefore, whenever they h 'tf/« mtb gtoo freely before the Council, fufpendedMm : Ey^be Govcf hich heeiafperatedaMan, who had it in his Power"*''* I be reveng'd, when he himfelf had not Strength icient to oppofe him. Bacon broke up from the Council-Table in a heat j id went out, with an Intention to retire to his Men. lir William fill'd a long Boat, and made after ini \ fending away feme Horfe to ftop him when landed at Sandy-'Pointy .the Place he defign'd to go ilhore at. His Orders were obey'd here ^ and Bacon forc'd to fiturn to James-ToYfn. The Governour inftead of ikftizing his Infolence, i« ceiv'd him very gratioufly, ind by fair Words, endeavour'd to dilTwade him from intended Enterprize : But Bacon was relblute, and erfilted in his Demand of a Commiilion, knowing [ir William durft not do hmi any hurt ^ when there We near xooo Men in Arms, who would feverely ave revenc'd whatever Punilnment had been inHi* led upon him; Befides, while they were difpu-^ (iig tlie Matter in Council, frclh News came of lurders and Robberies committed by the Indians •, ifhich feem'd tu warrant Col, BMon'i Delign and De- Band. 1I«.)W' Comes to James- Town with his 'Army* 254 Tfc tBfioY} of Virginia. However the Governour, whowasasjealoufe of hi Prerogative, as lie was zealous for the Welfare of Colony, would not grant him the Commiifion. S caufe it look'd as if it was extorted from him, and thai there was a Power in Virginia fuperior to his own. Bacon feeing he could get nothing by fair Meai made his Efcape out of James-lomty and pofted awj to the Voluntiers \ of whom he led 6 or 700 to thi Town, and drew them up in Battalia before the State Honfe, where the Aflembly were fitting •, fothath had now the Governour, Council, ana Aflembly Vtrginia in his Power ^ and may be faid to be Maftei of the Colony. forces the The Aflembly, befides that iliany of them wifli' Goverror well to Bacon's Enterprize, were afraid of offendini to^tve hm hi^ ^ j^j jjj^y j^g^^ ^ Commiffion themfelves, am 4 cowiw//- prefented it, wHh an Addrefs to Sir Wiiliam Berkley] defiring him to fign it. By tliis Commiifion, he was conftituted General l alt the Forces in Virginia •, and Sir WiUiam^ much a] gainft his Inclination, fign'd it. As foon as Bacon had it, he march'd towards th. Frontiers, and was chearfully follow'd by his Men: and no doubt, had not Sir William Berkley done what he could to hinder his Proceedings, thefe Forces, um der fuch a General, would have conquer'd alltheNa-f tions of the Indians to the Mountains. Tis true, the FirRinians did not want Room, yetl the Savages were fo falfe and cruel to them of lateJ that it fjems to have been their Intereft to have gotril of fuch troublefome Neighbours*, and fo the People of Virginia generally thought at that time. When Bacon hacf modeltly withdrawn his Troop to leave the Aflembly free, the Governour prevail'J with them toconfeiit that his Commiffion riiould bd ^/f/^?'"* revok'd, which was done : Then Sir WilUam proH claim'd him a Rebel •, commanded his Followers to de-l liver him up, and difpevfe, on pain of being treated] like Traitors : He alio iflu'd out" Orders for raifingthe Militia •, and made Preparations for a Civil War. The People were generally cxafperatcd at this douj ble Dealing with Col. Baton ^ and his Soldiers unanij moully retolv'd to live and die with him. Infleadol! marching againfl the Indians, as they defign'd, theyl demaiiT Kcbcl. Tht HiPory of Virgiok. 255 jand^d to |be led back to James-Tewn \ and in tfceir jarch they fell upon the Lands and Houies of fuchas with Sir Wiiiiam, TheGovernour fled to Accomack^ on the other fideTBd ^o- [of the Bay, hoping; the Inhabitants of that County, vernorfys Uhich was at a diftance from thofe Parts where Bacon r^ *'"*• j^d tKe areateft Intereft, wouIiA|rpou(e his Quarrel \ haw^^ "ill ^^ better Difpofition to Peace, man bc- llbrc he had proclaim'd Col. Bacon ai Rebel. A 111 tie Moderation in him would haveremedy'd Ithefe Diforders, which put the King and Colony to liaoooo / Eypenceto compofe them ^ and would have [eodanger'd the Ruin of the Country, had not Ba- rn^ Death prevented it^ for upon the Govemour's leaving James-Town^ and abdicating the Government, Col. Bicon afTeniMed the Gentlemen of the Country at Middle-Plantation \ himfelf and four others of the "^ ^^'. Council fi^niiig the Writ of Summons*, where they .*'!^? J'"*' publiih'd a Declaration of the occafion of their meeting, ^""^ *""' ind an Aflociation to ftand by Bacon againft all Oppo- fers, till the King was fully inform'd ofthe Matter, by Pciroas deputed by General Bacon, They declar'd, among otber things, that 5/r Willi- im Berkley had fomented and fiir'dup the People to a Icivll iVary and withdrawn himfelf from his Government^ Ani pub- \to the great Ajhn'fljment and Vnfettlement ofthe Coun- lijh a De- ny, That the Army raised by Bacon was for the publick cUratm \Good-y and that the Country juftifyd him in all his *i^ii"fi tf>s hoceedinp^s. Governor, In the mean time Sir WiUiam was bufy in getting his Friends together,to make head againft the Rebels,whofe Reifons wou'd have hv^d little weight with King Charles^ I while they argu'd with their Swords in their Hands. ITheGovcrnour was ftill obftinately bent on reducing imn by Force *, and in order to it, I'everal Sloops were provided to tranfpovt the Men he had rais'dover the kiy. Some of his Parties met with fome of 5urage enough to go through with their Defign. The Offenders were ieiz*d, imprifon'd, try'd, and wfere condemn'd to be Hang'd : 1 heir Plant- cutting being adjudg'd to be Felony and' Sedition \ and was declar*d to be fo by an Aft of the next AfTembly. The Lord Colepepper returning in the following is^o. year, began to think of trumping up his Title to the Northern Necky a large Territory, containing fever ril Counties. Thefe Counties had the Privilege of fending Repre- fentatives to the AfTembly, as well as the other : And the AfTembly being the Supream Court to which all others were to appeal, he was afraid his Propriety would never be allow'd by them ^ wherefore he con- triv'd to get the Appeals out of their hands ^ and to that end, rais'd fuch Divilions between the Reprefen- catives and Council, that the former pretending to the fole Power of Appeals, were encourag'd in their Pretences fecretly by the Governour,tiIl he had Inflru- ftions from the King*, to whom having reprefented the Quarrel to the difad vantage of the Reprefen tati ve?, his Ma jefty ordered that all Appeals fhould be made to the Governour and Council : And now this Noble Lord thought he might put in his Claim to the Nor- fhe Lord them Necky by a Grant from the Crown. There Coelpep- were feveral others concern'd in the Patent', and per/j^-t/ thefe he bought off: After which, heprevail'd with tke Nor- his Coufin Mr. Spencery Secretary of^ i^irmiay who jjern Hv'd in the Northern Necky to fide with the Patent*, ^^^'*' which he did till he dy'd : For his Lordfhip, notwith- ftandinghe had broken the old Conftitutionof the AfTembly, thought fit to proceed by fair Means, and engage as many of the Inhabitants as he cou'd to own his Propriety •, as he did Col. Philip Ludwelly when he was in Englandy in the Year 1690. This Gentleman undertook to manage his Matters for him y but could make nothing of it. Col. George Brenty and Col. William FitzJoughy ^vho al(o were Inhabitants of the iVT^c^, engag'd, as Col. Ludwell had done, to ferve him as their Proprietor •, but had no better Succefs than Col. Ludwell. The People of the Neck addrefs'd the AfTembly, an^they to the Kiug-, which had noeffett, becaufe S J th^y 262 The Hsfioiy of Yirgimz. they had no Agent in £«|g/<3i»" ^'^'^'^'^'-'^f ther than pay the Cuftom and Charges, wasimpos'd on this Commodity, three Months after V^.ingjames's coming to the Crown : It was obtain'd when the I Parliament were in a warm fit of Loyalty, juft on the Duke of ^o»wo«f/>'s Landing. The Bill had been read before, but 'tis thought would not have pafs'd fo ealily, if the Duke of Mon- mouthh'xiX not landed opportunely, and quickon'd it by his Rebellion. This heavy Impofition has been a great Dilcourage- ment to the Induftry of the Plantation, and is the fource of ail the Mifcries the Planters fince fulFer'd, having kept them poor, and depriv'd them of the Means to fupport themfelves in the long War that (ollow*d upon the Revolution. S 4 Thr, Capt.5f« . I New Kent '^ Containing 171 31+ Acres of Land.! This is one of the largelt and moft populous Coun-| ties in Virginia, TisWater'd by the Southern Branch of the River Torky and has two Parilhes in ityBlifslnnL and St. Peter's. The Weftern Bounds of this CountyJ and the next, are certain Hills, out of which ilTna forth a Glittering Sand, like the Filings of BrafsJ which Sand was, as is Ihewn in theHiftory, miftal kenj Ih Wfiorjf of Virgim^, 27% ken, for Gold by the firft Planters. The next Coun- ty to this nearer the Falls is^ IGng WiUiam'County : In which are 843 24 Acres, and one Parilh, SuJohnV: Pamurtky-Kvfer runs thro* it i *tis the Southern Branch of rork-Rivet. On the South of this lies, King and Queens-Qonnty: Containing 1317x5 A- ^es of Land, and two Parifhes, Straton-Mt^or^ and St. Stephens. Chicoh^ntof^-Kwtt rifes in it, and falls Hojames-Kvftt^ near iJro^f /tracyV,3ind Wiccomoco, There is a River of the fame Name Wicconmo^ which Riies in this County, and runs into the Bay, at the Mouth of Patowmack-Riwer^ which is the Nor- thern Bounds of ^rg/»w, and divides it from Mary- land, The Neck of^Land from Wiccomoco to the Bay is what goes by the Name of the Northern Neck^ wliich we often mention'd in the firft Chapter. We muft now crofs over the Bay: and all along the Shoar from Cape Charles y at the Mouth of the Bay, to tlie River Pocemoke, which divides it from Maryland on the Eaftern Bounds, the Province of Firgima ftilj continues, and there are two, Counties in it : jiccomack \ Which retains its Indian Name. This is the largeit County in P^lr^ima, and contains 200P23 Acres of Land. *Tis not lo Populous as thofe on the other fide of the Bay^ and has but one Parilh in it, thu of j^ccomacky which is without a Minifter. The River Chiffoneffex rifes in this County, as -do feveral others of lefs Note. The other County is, Northampton :/ A narrow County that runs along in a Neck between the FirginlanStdi^ and the Bay of Chefapeac, Cape Charles^ in the moft Sou- therly part ot it,' is oppofite to C^pQ Henry ^ and thole two Points of Land are what is commonly tali'd, The Capes of Hrginia, This County contains 9s>3H Acres of Land, and one Parifh Church, that of Hun- gers, which is alfo without a Minifter. Thus we have vifited the whole Province, and have taken notice of the mofl remarkable things-, but as there are no ' Towns, nor Mines, nor other Places worthy the Rea- der's Curiofity ^ fo our Relation wants that Variety of The WMy ^f Virginia. / 27*7 o( Ob)e£ts which retiders fuch Defcciptions delightful. The ApelchAon Moxxntzxns are in the Weftern Bounds of ^irgwia, and are ftor'd with Minerals, if we may believe fome Travellers who have fpoken of them, but we don't find that they have been of any other Advantage to the Virginians^ thnn to furniih them with Earth, for the Experiments of their Virtuofo's at the College. The whole Country is water'd with. Rivers, the moft noted of which we have treated of ^ the Falls of each of thofe Rivers, are but ly or 20 , Miles diftant from one another •, and befides them, there are i\^^/7-River, Eaftermfi-KvfQrj PimgotequCy Apumatuc^ Poyanketank^ and others, that are Navigable many Miles, and well ftor'd with Fifli. The Tides are Icarce difcernable when the Winds hold at N. W. but at other times they flow as they do in England^ oi\ly they feem not fo large^ which is thought to be ccfafion'd by the Tides diffufing it felf into fo ma- ny Rivers. The Original Springs that mkke all thefe Rivers, rife at the Foot of the AppalUan or j4pelchaan i^owth: Mountains^ but the Catarafts or Falls are 60 ox 70 mi. Miles diftant from thofe Hills. IheShoats are for Tranf. p, the moft Part Sandy. What Stones are there, are 4' 5^7, $68, moft all of 'em hard and traiifparent. Some will cot Glafs like Diamonds, and are equal to 'em in Luftre, The Clifts of thefe Rivers are full of great Veins of Iron Mine, and generally all the Highlands under the Mould are a meer Rock of Iron : The Charge of raifing an Iron- Work is fo great, that no Body in Virginia dares ventures on the Expence, or the Plan- ters are h intent on Planting Tobacco, tjiat they neg- left all other Improvements. There was another Town built in James-Coxmt^-i (?i\Vd Dales Giff^ but 'twas ruin'd by the Incur fions of the Indians, Fire, and other Accidents. The Country lying between Tor^- River, ^ndJames-KwYy is the beft inhabited. The Banks of the former are full of Plantations •, and the beft Tobacco growing there, the Trade of the Colony tends moft that way. We have ellewhere obferv'd \n what Counties the Indian Nations ftill remain. Their Towns are very fmall, and their Houfesor Huts fuch mean Dwellings, that they are rather like the Cabbins of the Slaves in itheSuaar-lIlands, than the Habitations of free People, i ^ Ti The 278 Th0 Hifi&ry of Vit§M: The abundance •f JRivers occafion abundance of Mills in this Country \ fome of their Springs fend forth fuch a glut of Water, that in lels than half a Mile below the Fountain-Head, they afford a Stream fufiicient to fupply a Grift-mill. All thefe Rivers are full of Creexs^ in which the Planters employ an infinite number of Sloops and fmall Boats, to convey their Tobacco and Mercnandize from and to the Ships that lie in the greater RiversL or in the the lefs. We have faid little of the greateft River of ^em all, ftt- towmack^ becauie 'twill as properly come under the At^cltof Mary loHdy being the Boundary of that Pro- vince, on the Weftem-fide of Vtrginia, It cannot be expeaed that in fo little a Map ^s that is which is annexed to this Hiftory, (b full a Defcription can be lyiade c^ Virginia^ as in the large one \ but this is the neweft Survey : And the Country is divided into the Counties that are the prefent Divifionsof it, there being at this time 6 hew ones \ Prince George^ Princefs Amtj Kine WiHiam^ King and Queen^ Rtch- mmd and Staffwd. In the former Surveysthere were but IP Counties: In this all of them are included, together with as many Plantations as wou'd ftand in fo much room *, and the fame Care has been taken in the Maps of the otiief Countries. W «• CHAP. T*Bi^^r;^/Vij!gUiii. C HAP. III. the InhdiUnts ; and firfi of the Indians : Their Government y Religion, Manners^ mdCuJbms: Of the Emlijb, MafterSy Servants , and Slaves : Their NupherSy Strength and Way of Living, ■ 'HEN the Enclifli firft difcovcr'd r*Vg to their Religion, they have all of 'et» fc^tt^clark __^r*^^j. j^njj- r^i.--. L.,_i-^^__-^ ♦* it} if lOtl Ition of God : and Tome of them brighter onesj [Author may be belicv*d, who hadtms Confcfit ._ in the Mouth of an Indian. That they believ'dQcd mivirfaily beneficent : That his JAeSing wa/ in \wm abwe ^ and the Jnflaences ofUsGoodnefs reached he Earth beneath : That he was mc^mprehenjible in his teUence ^ andenm^d aUpojjible'filicity i That his Du- m was eternal'^ his Ferfettimhomdlefs \ oftd^ That ipofejfes everlajting Indolence and Bafe, So far the -re talk'd as rationally of the Being of a God, a$ k (tian Divine or Philoibpher could have done : But en he came ,to juftify their WorfliipingoftheDc- whom they Call Oifir f, his Nations were very He- )dox : He faid. 'Tis true God is the Giver ofmspod ^Sy but they jim naturally and promtfcuouflty /mff " that they arejhower'd down upon all Men indifr- i without D^tmSiim: That Godd^s nettr&uble (elf with the impertinent Affairs of Men\ nor is con- id at what they doj but leaves them to make the m^ hheirtree Willy and tofecure as many as they can of the ! Things that flow from him : That therefore it to no purpofe either to fear or worjhip him : But the contrary y if they did not pacify the evil Spirit^ muld ruin their Healthy PeacCy and Plentyy being always vtfiting them in the Airy Thundery 'msy &c. As to the Idol which they all worlhip, and is kept 1 a Temple, call'd (^ioctqan-y He feem'd to have a try indifferent Opinion of its Divinity, and cry'd Bt upon the Joggling of the Priefts— This Man does ot talk like a common Savage *, and therefore we ayfuppofehe had ftudy'd the Matter more than his auntrymen *, who for the generality pay a great 1 of Devotion to the Idol, and worfliip him as their kief Deity. Their Priefts and Conjurers are highly reverenc'd lythem : They are given extreanily to Panwawing r Conjuring ; And one of them very lately coojur'd a bower of Rain for Col. 5yri's Plantation in a time of bought, for two Bottles of Rum. We are not apt I give Credit to fuch fupernatural Events -, and had ve not found this in an Author who was un the Spot, re ihould have reje^ed it as a Fable. Their $t4 l^'i^fj lony are in the right to make flight of fuch empt^ onours, in comparifbn of the iubftantial Profit liich is got by Planting and Traffick. Wherefore ; honeu Merchant, and induftrious Planter, are ;Men of Honour in Virania \ and it would not be I worfe for Engfand^ if Induftry and Honour were irer a-kin than fome vain Peribns make them. Twas a long time before Virginia faw a Race of En- jjiihborn on the fpot^ which was occaHon'dby the all number of women that came over \ the firft Iters being fo hard put to it, that they made no iple to buy a Wife, and to accept of any Woman at could give a tolerable Account of her Virtue. ?omen were not fo fcarce afterwards^ when the Co- ny was come to a fortof Perfeftion, whole Fanii- $ tranfported themfelves thither from England^ to end their Fortunes, and others to enjoy that Liberty fConfcience which was deny*d them at home, in the lijgn of Charles I. and his Son Charles II. Befides liich, feveral Royalifts remov'd thither during the Hump and Oliver's Ufurpations. By this means the Colony has fo encreas*d in jlambers, that there are now by the niceft Com- Btation near 70000 Men, Women, and Children \Vlrgimay including the French Refugees, the ^habitants of the Northern Neck^ and the Negro Ser- Ms, who are buta few^ incomparilbn to the Sugar- intations. Of thefe the Men are more numerous [proportion than the Women, occafion'd by greater humh^rs of them going over thither *, tho of late W it has been cuftomary for young Wo»»'en, who c fairn into Difgrace in England^ or are ill us'd by eir Parents, to traniport themfelves thither ♦, and, I they fay, Try their tortunesy which have often been U very ^9 ^M: very favourable. The Veoplt q( f^rgim arenas i| England, diftinguiih'd by the Names of Maftersi Servants. The Diftinftions of the Mafters arc their Offices or Birtli ', and of the Servants, by fuc as are for life, and fuchas are for a Term of Years) tho Negroes and their PofteritY are all ServanI for Life *, the white Men ana Women for many Years as they bind themfelves : And if die dOn*t bind themfelves by particular (ndentuni the Laws of the Country oblige them to (erve till the are four and twenty Years of Age, if they are undd Nineteen when they commence uieir Service: if] bove, the term is fet to Bve Years *, and then they i as much entitul'd to the Liberties and Privileges! the Place, as any of the Inhabitants or Natives ar Their Mafters, when their Times are out, are oblige to^ive each Servant i y Bufliels of Corn, and two nd Smts of Cloaths, Linnen and Woollen -, befides m of them may take Pofleffion of yo Acres of unpatent^ Ground, ifhe can find any ^ which is a Privilege i makes a Noife,. and is tempting to the poor CreaturJ who go over, but is not worth the naming, for| Crown will purchafe it at any time. The Laws o(nrgma take great Care for the go Ufage of Servants, as to Neceluries, Diet and Gloat Andthe Labour of the Country, which confifts chid ly in Tilling, Manuring the Ground, Sowing an Planting Tobacco is fo eafy, that as hard Work as '^ reprefented to be, the Day-Labourers in England a] much the greater Slaves, if hard^ Work, and hai| Living, are Signs of Slavery. The Servants and Slaves are never lifted in the] litia of the Country ^ but every Freeman from Sd teen to Sixty Yeai s of Age, is enroll'd, and oblig'd d mufter once a Year. Their Number is in all 51521 of which 238 247 Ymce George f •• and ^+045 \»leS'City^ y 140^ 2639 <^25 203 422 UcfiVight:, IX mjamundy 2530 wcefs jvnte^ 2037 'ms-City^ 2Pi>o jr*' ; , 2357 880 84X 1350 X873 3 JO 5H 62 X40 28$ 374 ' xox8 15x2 5Pi 142 44i> 717 1572 380 48 332' 6»g 135X 284 tfP 21f 1 1297 1 5^3 40X X2J 27S X2o8 114P 390 ^8 322 If^Llrr ^i77 h^Kenty ---. ^gWmam^ ,834 M md Qmen^ 2842 miefex^ ,tf,2 Utmond^ 2622 . ^'"•''> 2033 ffjtmr eland f 2736 ktomacky 2804 kthamptotfj 208 x 482 i95 20X 4P X52 4tfP 719 196 54 142 W X325 204P 420 X20 300 803 X244 ;;r.!'*« x8p 50P 2^28 3205 Ji>4 12X 473 7^6 85^ ipp 5* »43 1090 X3X0 438 X3P 2pp 13P2 1230 504 122 382 8tf3 1x70 345 84 2tfl I 113X itf05 4J1 133 3X8 f M<^8 X2X4 P3X 27X 522 42 X30 22p 3P2 X04X 1763 45tf lOX 355 712 13^9 347 70 277 • U 2 Th« 292 The Hiftory of Virginia. The Aflembly has granted them great PrivilegeL and been bountiful in their Charity to them. To] their Encouragement. They are alfo very much ob lig'd to the Generofity and Proteftion of Col. Byri wnofe Friendfhip has been ferviceable to them on nij ny Occafions. They are an induftrious People *, hav made excellent Wine there, even of the Wild Grapes] and are upon feveral Improvements, which will b| very much to their own Advantage, and that of tft Colony. Tis computed that the Number of Souls which ej ther came over at firft, or fince, or have been born i] the Country, amounts to near twelve hundred French And the Northern Neck being larger than the largej of the other Counties, and almoft as populous, imj contain about fix thoufand : So that the whole Nun berof Souls in the Province off^irgima^ exdufivei ^/»3//fl»^, Is about 70000. As to the Cuftoms and Manriersof the Firgima they aire the Came with the Englifh *, and one mayi well go about to defcribe the Manners and Cufloms( any one particular County of £»g/^»^ feparate frc therefl. Their Diet is fomewhat different *, fo is their Cloi| thing, as alfo their Sports and Paftimes, and Difeafej occaTion'd by the diftbrence of the Climates : Belidj ]^^cfy Mutton, and Veal, which the yirginians hav in plenty, tho not fo good in its kind as we have ill Englandy they have Pork, Bacon, and all forts J Tame and Wild Fowl, better than any of the feveral Kinds that are in England. I Pork is fold from i [Their Cloaths are brought from £»g/W for Per- i^ 1$ of Diftinftion, and are as much in the Mode as jandCoft can make them: They are generally of ilighteft Stuffs or Silks, both for Men and Wo-?, in. The Men for Coolnefs, as m other parts of the ^■Indiesy WQ^v in the Heat of the Summer Fuftian JLinnen Jackets •, and the Women Linnen or Muf- I Gowns. They have almoft all their NeceflTaries, Ito Prefs, from En^ymd. Their Buildings are as in p/W, of Brick, Timber and Stone, the out-fide T^their Houfes being cover'd with Lime made o^ 4er Shells, much more durable than Engjifh [Their Sports are Deer-huntine, Hare-hunting ; tdifFerentfrom theEnglifh Chaie : They learnt of (Indians to come up to the Deer under the blind of alking Horfe, as the Savages did under that of a king Head *. They teach a Horfe to walk gently (the Huntfraan's Side, to cover him from the Sieht ^<» 1 [the Deer *, and fo they have an Opportunity to Kill - ' p. They have other waysofDeer-huntingj^ but Is being the mufl remarkable, I have chofen to ption it in this place. [Their Hares they hunt with Mungrils or Swift- ir. The Hates generally hole in a hollow Tree, , I then they are fmoak'd out by the Hunters. They I have other forts of Hunting, as Vermine-huntin^, ' Horfe-hunting-, the latter is much delighted in young People, who purfue wild Horfes with Dogs, [fometimes without them. Thefe wild Horfes are Ithasare foal'd in the Woods in the Hill Country, no body knowing whom they belong to, every is free to catch and keep as many as he pleafcs ; othey are^of the Englilh Breed, they are as Ihy as •, but this fort of Cittle fekiom ly Savage Creatute iitforufe. U They 294 iWTiifioryofyvi^. They have feveral other Sports, as taking wild Ta kies and Wolves in Snares, Fifhing, Fowling, ar, Catching of Beavers •, which is an excellent PaftimJ Tis faid that thefe laft Creatures live in a fort 1 Monarchy like Bees, and are very kind and obedicj to their Sovereign. The Difeafes moft incident to the Place are Colt caught by the irregular Conduft of People at the, firft Arrival •, Gripes and Fluxes, occafion'd by tj lame means, the Englifh eating too greedily tj pleafant Fruits of the Country \ Cachexes or Tai which is a violent Scurvy, the Seafoning here, as other parts of jimerica^ is a Fever ©r Ague, whiJ the Change of the Climate and Diet generally throv new Comers into-, The Bark is in f7rgwV«aSov reign Remedy to this Difeafe. The Virginians have but few Do£lors among theii and they reckon it among their Bleflings, fancyin the Number of their Difeafes would encreafe wil that of their Phyficians. The few they have ftj dy and make ufe of Simples moft, with which the Woods are plentifully furnifh'd. We will conclude this Account of the Inf bitants of Virginia^ with a f hurt Charafterofthen They are a prudent, careful, generous, hofpital People, their* Houfes being open to all TravellcJ whom they entertain a$ heartily as Relations? Friends ^ and that fordid Wretch who offends again this iaudible Cuftom of his Country, is the Objeft every one's Contempt. As for the Convenience of Society, the Gentlemej Houfes are at not much greater Diftance from onel nother, Lian they ture in England, The Planters a almoft all fociable •, and as every thing towards nj king their Friends welcome is cheaper than in giand, fo the Entertainments- there are larger^ til Reception more fincere, and the Mirth of the Ccij fany more hearty than in moft ofour Gentlcnie/ loufesi among whom Hofpitality is fo far out Fafhion, that a Man who pretends to it is reckcn'cl Sot or a Bubble •, and the coftly and pernicious \\ ces that were introduc'd in the place of it in tj ^ laft Ccntnry, his'banifti'd it from that Count] where it formerly flourift/d , to the etcrij • . .. . . . - . . Pra doll Perfons fo TheHiftory ^Virginia. 395 Ipraife of our Anceftors, and the Shame of their 'Pofterity. - , CHAP. IV. \0f the Government of Virginia ; Of the Laws, Courts of Judicature, Publick Offi^ ces^ and Revenues, rpHE Government of Virginia was at firft by a Pre- ■■' fident, and a Council of twelve. Mr. Jom White was the firft Prefident^ and when the Prefidency was abrogated, there was a Commiffion granted by the Company or Proprietors in England to Sir Thomas \Gntes, Sir George Summers^ and Capt. iVnuporr, to be joint Governours. We don't fii.a tlut the Gover- noars and their Council had any more Power than the Prefident aud his Council *, out the Name gave more Authority to their Afts in the Imagination of I fome Perlbns, When K.Charles 1. diflblv'd the Company, he conti- Inu'd the Form of the Government by a oovcrnour and Council for the Executive Power, and plac'd the Le- giflative in the Aflembly. The AfTembly had been ap- pointed before, and met feveral|times during the Go- vernments under the Company. The chief Court next I to the AfTembly is the General Courts held by the Go- I vernour and Council, who are Judges of it, and take Cognizance of all Caufes Criminal, Penal, Ecdelia- ftical and Civil. There is no Appeal from thii Court, unlefs the Matter in difpute amounts in value to above [three hundred Pounds, and then Appeals lie to the I Queen and Council in England. In Criminal Cales there never was anyAppealjbutthe Governour can par- |dou Per Ions for any Crime whatfoever, except i\iiii- der, and reprieve ev'n for that till her Mijjrty's Pleafure bo known therein. Indeed the Govcriioiu's Power in this and the other Plantations is very great : He is fubjecQ^ only to the Qiieen's Conun^nd^, and re- prefents her Perion in his Government^ he alFentsto jordilTents from the A^s of AlTembly, ai he ihinl.5 U4 i'ny s$fi nefSfwy of Yirgiaia. fit, and by his Aflent pafles 'em into Laws. Hel Calls, Prorogues and Diflblves the Aflcmbly : He CallsJ and Prtfides in the Council : He makes Juftices m the Peace •, all Officers of the Militia under the Degreel of a Lieutenant General ; Puts out Proclamations : fsthe Keeper of die Seal of the Colony, and difpores of the Queen's Lands according to the Charter and Laws of the Country : all Payments out of the Trea- furysre ordered by him, or in his Name : He is Vice- 1 Admiral byVirtue of a Commiflion from the AdrairalJ ty,tnd has a Salary of 2000 /. a Year ^ formerly 'twas f butiooo/. and about y 00/. Perquifites^ 200 /.a Year! was added by the Aflembly in favour of Sir Williaml Berkley •, and the Lord Colepepper got it encreas'd to 2000 /.a Year, andiyo/. a Year Houfe-rent, which, with the Perquifites, make it worth near 3000/. a| Year to the Governour, and more if he opprefles the People, as too many Governours have done. When the Governour and Deputy Governour are abfent, the Adminiftration falls to the Prefident of the Coun- cil for the time being, who has aSallary of 500/. a Year only, added to what is siven him as a Coun- fellor, which is a very fmall Allowance. The Queen nominates the Counfellors by Letter or Inftruftion, which fays no more, but that they be fworn of the Council. The Governour can fill up the vacant Pla- ces of fuch as die, or are remov'd without ftaying for Orders from England. Thefe Counfellors have an equal Vote with the Governour at the Council-Table in many things, and are a Check upon him, if he offers to exceed the Bounds of his Commiflion, in calling AflTemblies, difpofing of the Publick Revenue, placing and difplacing OHcers, Votes and Orders of Council,publiihing Proclamations, making Grants, f the College, and had Power to makeSta- tutes and Ordinances. The Building, whenperfeft, was to confift of a Ouadranale, and two fides of it | were carry*d up. The Kitcnen, Brewhoufe and Bake-houfe were finifh'd. The Profeflbrs were to read on all the liberal Sciences, on Agriculture, Archite£lure, Art Mill' I tary. Navigation, Gardning,Trade, and Manufaftures, once a Week from Eafier to Michaelmas^ and twice a Week from Michaelmas to Eafier, They beean upon Experiments of Plants, Minerals, and were aflifted by the French in the Monachan Town ^ their own Lead, Iron and Copper Mines in the AppalUan Mountains were under tneir Confideration, when the Fire put an end to their College and Studies. There were fuch I Expeftations of the Revenue, which wou*d be rais'd by all Tobacco exported to the other Colonies, that I they talk'd of adding four itinerant Profeflbrs to the Refident, each to have 12* /. a Year, and thefe were to travel into Europe^ Afia^ Africa^ and the other Parts of America^ to make Inquifitions in natural and experimental Phylofophy for the ufe of thisUnivcrfity ; They were to take an Oath to write ,,t nothing nothing that they cou'd not prove to be true The College was to bear their Charges, but they had no occaHon to be at inch Entoce. The firft Prefident of the College was Dr. Tho- \0ts Bray^ who procur*d confiderable Gontribn* tions in England ^ towards colle£Un2 a Libra- ry. They proceeded lb &r, that theynad a Com- mencement there in the Year 1700. at which there was a great Concourfe of People : (everal Plan- ters came thither in their Coaches, and feveral in Sloops from New^Torky Penfilvania and A4aryUmd, It being a new thing in jlmerica to hear Graduates perform their Academical Exercifes. The Indians themfelves had the Curiofity to come to WUUamslnirgh on this occafion, and the whole Country rejoic*d as if they had (bme relifli of Ldlming. About this time the Clergy heretranflated the PtmOAce of Piety into the Indian Language, and the College intended to fend for a Printer from England, Since that a dreadful Fire feiz^d this Building before it was quite finifti'd, and confum'd it to Afhes, under which die Proje^ feems to lie bury'd, and the Colony muft be in a fetter Condition than now 'tis, before they can think of reviving it. JOf ■K* t> CHAP. J04 Tk ilsfif^ rf Vif^ak. CHAP. Vt. Cf tbi ClimMief the Soil, tmd its Frodu^u 0ttSf as Treesy Seeds^ Plants^ Roots^ FruitSy dftdflmtfs. "CITE may itna^Ae by l^e ^ituatioa of the Country, ^^ thftt the Cllaiate is Healthy^ and indeed it ge- i)era% agrees. we|i with Engliih Conflitutions. Ti$ ^loTRivers, and coiil«(|uently the Soil very fruit- fill. TheSiekne&diat the Eaglifh who gp thither conwlaih o^ is occafion*d by Folly, Intemperance, or Garele(Ae(s *, and a fober prodent Man will not on- ly bnd every thing that pre(brves and confirms Health, wiCaUb allthingis that are charming by the Beauty oT^ie Pro(pe£V^and the Delight,) the Fragrancy of, die Fields and GitrdeAB^ the Bri^Jitnefsof theSkve, »)d Serenity of the Air aileas the Ravifli'd Senles. Thegreatenr Difturbance the People meet with there^ are terrible Claps of Thunder, which however do very little Harm, the exceflive Heats of the Sum- mer, againft which the Inhabitants are defended by the cool Shades of the Woods and Groves, and fting- ing Inre£ls, as Frogs, Snakes, Mufcketa's, Chinches, S^d-takes and Red-worms. The Rattle-Snake is nioft talk'd of, and his Bite without a prefent Appli- cation, is infallibly Death *, but the Remedies are fo well known, that there's nc'rea Servant, andfcarce arstav^ who cannor core ir immediately, by applying the Rattle-fnake's Heart to it, which reftores tne Pa- tient in two or three hours. Befldes, 'tis very rare here, that thefe or any of the other poifonous Snakes are to be feen. The Musketa*s are troublefome, like Gnats in Marfhy Ground in England^ but are on- ly found in the Fertny places there. They are ftronger, and continue longer than the Gnats in England, As to the other Inlefts, there are ways to get rid of them, and the trouble they put the People to is not wertn naming. The Winter in all Virginia does not continue above three or four Months, December^ January^ ifbruary^ and Marchy of which thirty or M , forty The Wfiory of Virginia J , j o 5 ! forty days only arc very bad Weather. The Frofts are Ifevere, but attended with a clear Skye, and don*t laft lo'i g. The Rains are frequent and refreftiing, and the Heats of the Summer, which are moft violent in ^'^r- vjuly* and Augufi^ are much mitigated by them, and , thcfrefli Breezes that are common in this Country contribute much to render the Heat tolerable to new Comers, and hardly fenfible to the Inhabitants. The Soil in general is a rich fat Mould 3 foot deep, and under it a Loam, of which they make a fine Brick 'y but according as the Situation is moill or dry, the Soil varies. Tis diftinguifti'd into 3 Sorts, tftgh^ Xw, and Marpjy^ all which having Sand mix'd with rem, makes their Land warmer tnan Old England* The Highlands are moft Sandy : However they bear good Crops of Tobacco- only the Soil does not hold in Strength fo long as tne Low-Lands, which are ve- ry rich, oeing a blackifh Mould about a Foot deep, ind this Soil will hold its Strength 7 or 8 Crops, without manuring. Their Marfh-Lands bear Sedges md Ruflies like ours, and are unimprov'd. Their Land in general is as good as in. England, That at the Mouth of the Rivers is moift and fat, and produces Rice, Hemp, and Indian Corn. There are Veins o^ cold, hungry, Sandy Soil, where Huckleberries, Cran- berries, and Chinkapins generally grow. AlfoOaks, Poplars, Pines, Cedar, Cyprefs and Sweet-Gumms, Hockly, Sweet-Myrtle, and the Live Oak are found here in gireat Quantities. The Land higher up the I Rivers is a various Soil, and ftor'd with Chelhuts, [Chinkapins, Oaks, Walnut, Hickoryes, Dogwood, Elder, Hafel, Locuft, SafTafras, Elm, Afti, Beech, ind Poplar. The Land at the Heads of the Rivers, ind its Produftions, are alfo various. Here are I Trees of an incredible Bianefs , and Plenty of 1 Pafture-ground, Phyfick-Eartli, Dyers- Wares, Coal, Quarries of Stone, Iron and Lead Mines ^ Col. Bird being at this time fcarching for one, which was for- merly work'd, butdeftroy'dattheMaflacre, as is re- lated in the firft Chapter ^ and Mr. Wittaker^ Mini- fter of Henrico^ before the Diflblution of the Com- pany, wrote home. That not far from the Fall, there I was found fome Silver Ore. Thus we fee Virginia a- I bounds in every thing that is for the Pleafure or Pro- X fit • jod The mftary of Vitgitivai. fit of the Inhabitants. We fhall now defcribe fomc of the chief Productions of the Soil, and fpeak firft of the Timber-Trees, of which the moft ufefiil are Oak, Cedar, Cyprefs, Firs-, two (brts of Elm, Walnut and Alh. The Oaks are commonly of fo prodigious Bignefs, that they will meafure two Foot fquare at tfo Foot high. The firft Ships that went to Virginia were us'd to Load with Cedar and Clapboard, but fome richer Commmodities have been exported. There is not much of this Timber fent abr«ad, tho the Country was then full of Woods *, they were fo clear from Bufhes, Bryars and Underwood, that a Man might have been feen above a Mile and a half, a- mong them *, and the Trees ftood at that diftance, that a Cart or Coach might have been driven between the thickeft of the Trees, they having no Boughs to a great Height, yet they were fo tufted, that they af- ford a very confbrtable Shade in Summer. Yet tho the Grapes are juicy and plenty, all that have at- tempted to fall into the Wine-Trade, to raife Vine- yards, and mak« Wine, have never been able to bring their Defigns to perfeftion. The Realbns are, becaole the Fir and PinC'tree, with which the Country a- bounds,are noxious to the Vine \ and the Experiments that have been made were in the Low-lands, fubjeft to the Pine, and near the Malignant Influence of the Salt Water. This ruin'd Monfieur Jnmart a French Merchants Vineyard on James-Kwet^ near Archer' i Hope-Creek \ and Sir William Berkleys had the fame Inconveniences, and the fame Fate. Several French Vignerom were (ent over in i pleaiant Colour,and the Indians made ufe of it to paint their Bodies and Warlike ArmSc TheTockawaeigh, n very wholfome and favory Root. Shuinack, Cha- pacoiir, and the famous Snake-root, fo much admir'd in England for bein^ a Cordial, and an Antidote in all Peftilential Dileales. There is no kind of Gar- den-root, but what they have in perfeftion ^ Saliad- Herbs, and Pot-herbs grow there fpontaneoully, as do Purdain, Sorrel, &c. Their Flowers are as fine as any in the World , fuch as the Crown-Imperial, the Cardinal-Flower, the Moccafin-Flower, the Tulip- ^ bearing- Liwrel, the Tulip-Tree , the Locuft like the JeiTamine, the Perfuming-Crab-Tree, and the AiTcntaniin, a kind of Pink. They have plenty of Mufmelons, Water-Melons, Pumpions, Culhaws, Macocks and Gourds. Their Culhaws are a kind of Pumpions of a blewifh-green colour, ftreak'd with white. Their Macocks are a leis fort of Pumpions : There are feveral kinds of them : The Savages never eat the Gourds, planting them only for the Shells, which ferve them ihftead of Flaggons and Cups. The Indians had Peafe, Beans, and Potatfjes, before the En- glifti came among them •, but the Staff of their Food was their Corn •, of which we have giv'n a Lirge De- fcription in the Hiftory of New-England. Plantain of all forts grow wild in the Woods *, as alfo Yellow- Dock, and Burdock, Solomon's-Seal, Egri- Lnwth. iiiony, Cenrery, Scabions, GroundieL Dwarf-Elder, I'hilor.* Varrow, and White Maiden-hair •, Alarum isgathfr'a X rarU". on the Sides of the Hills, and Soldanalla on the Bay- fide. Their Dillany grows a Foot and half high : The Water di(tiird froin it, the befl Medicine fortlie Worms: TheTurbiland Mechoacan, or Roots ex- itly like 'cm, grow there. Tobncco is the iianding Commodity of the Coun- try, and is fo beneficial to the Planter, and fo natural to the Soil, that all tJther Improvemems give place to that". Iful'ied they could turn their Ha'.dsto nothing that would employ (()maiiy Slavfs and Servants, and require fo little Stock to manage it, or take up Inch a larjje -7%eHiftory 0/ Virginia. Urge Traft of Land •, for the fame Ground that is Planted every year with Tobacco, wou'd produce, if Corn was fown there,mort; than all the Plantations in America cou'd confume. This Plant is fo common in England^ that we need not defcribe it: .'t grows much like a Dock ;. And whereas in our Gardens it riiuft be manag'd with as much care as the choiceft Fruit or Flower, in Plrglma they leave it expos'd to all the Injuries of the Weather, which is very fa- vourable to it, and 'tis feldom that tho Crop fulfers by It. The Tobacco of this Plantation was not at firft fo good as 'tis now. That of Brafil had once the greateft Reputation all over Europe, but now Virginia and Maryland has the beft Price in all Markets. Tis not known how the Indians cur'd theirs ; They now have it all from the Englifh. Tis faid they us'd to let it run to Seed, only iuccouririgthe Leaves, to keep vhe Sprouts from growing upon and ftarving them. When it was ripe, they pull'd them off, cur'd them in the Sun, and laid them up for ufe. The P^irginia Planters fow the Tobacco-Seeds m Beds, as the Gard- ners in Englcwd do Colwort-Se^^ds \ they leave them there a Month, taking care all that time to have them well weeded. When the Plants are about the breadtlv of ones hand, they are remov'd in the tirtt niiny Weather, and tranfplanted into what they call Tohac- (Q'H'dls. In a Month's time the Plmts will be a Foot high, and they top them, and then pi'une otF alltiie bottom Leaves, leaving only 7 or 8 on the Stalk, that they may be the better fed by the Top, ?ntl thele Leaves in 6 Weeks time will be in their fnll growth. The Planters prune otf the Suckers, and clear 'em of the Horn-Worm twice a Week, which is call'd VV^)r liv- ing . 'dSuckering :, and this Work lalts three Weeks or a Month ^ by which time the Leaf from green begins to turn to brow nifli, and to fpot, and to thicken, whirh IS A Sign of its ripening. As faft as the '^lants ripen, you limit cut *em down,leave 'em in the I leld for half a Day, th'jn heap them up, let'em lye and fwe.u a night, and the next day carry them to the lolucco Houfe, where every Plant is hang'd one by anotlier, ntacon- veiiitnt didante, for about a Month or 5 Weeks \ at the end of which time they llrike or take 'cm down in moill: Weathcr,wheii the Leaf gives,or clfe 'twill crum- X 3 blc 509 iP ^ 3XO ThfHifiory of Virginia. \At to dttft-L^er which they are laid upon Sljcks, and cos^e?d upclofe in ^e Tobacco- Houfe for a Week or a Fortnight to fweat, and then opening the Bulk in a wet day, the Servants ftrip them andTort them, the top-Leaves being the beft, and the bottom the worft Tobacco. The laft Worjc is to pack it in Hogiheads, or bundle it up, which is al(b done in a wet Seafon •, for in the curing Tobacco, wet Seafons arc as neceiTary as dry, to make the Leaf plyant, which wou'd otherwife be brittle and break. They take a great deal of Pains with it now, and with all their Trouble can fcarce make it turn to account. The Englifli have carry'd over a thousand feveral forts of the Productions of Nature, and have found all to fuc- ceed there : They have had fuch extraordinary Suc- cefs with Apples and Pears, that there's never a Plan- ter but has an Orchard, and makes laree Quantities of Cyder and Perry, which is (bme of their common Drinks, and there is nothing in England belong- ing either to a Garden or Orchard, but what they have or may have there in as great or greater Perfection. CHAP. VII. Of the Beaftsy Birds, and Fi/b. ^HE Beafts that are peculiar to this Country, •■• are the Aronghena, fomewhat like a Badger. The AfTapanic, or flying Squirrel. The Aluflafcus, a kind ot Watc;-Rat. The Utchunquois, a Wild- Cat. The OpafTum, a certain Animal, whofe Fe- male has a Bag under her Belly, wherein ihe carries her young ones. The Woods are ftock'd with Deer, the iame in kind with ours in England^ and larger and fatter for the moft part. There are Racoons, B^-a- vours, Otters, Foxes, W^iid-Cats, Martins and Minks in the Frclhes. The Indians are dextrous in catching them, and keep the Secret to themfelves,tbat they may prcfervc the Furr Trade, which otherwife tht Engliih wou'd foon drive them out of. Lyons, Leo- ? • ■ . . pards, pards Elk^ Beats and Wolves, efpecially the latter^ are met with in Plrginia^ tho not lb frequently as in fome other Parts of North /imeriea^ aqd the Wolves are not much bigger than Englifli Foxes. This Country was not over-ftock'd with any kind of Beafts, either wild or tame, when the Engliih difcover'd it, and the Cattle that are now to be found there, are all of EngliOi breeding : Horfes are as plenty and as good as xci England, Having mention'd the Flying-Squirrel, we think the Reader will not be difpleas'd with a Delcription of it : This Creature has a fleftiy Subftance, which it extends in its skipping from one Tree to another, like Wings •, and by the help of thefe, he will fly or rather Skip 30 or +o yards at a time, from Tree to Tree. The Opaflum has a Head like a Hog, and a Tail like a Rat, 'tis about the bignefs of a Cat *, and ' the Falfe Belly, in which the Female carries her Young, is thus defcrib'd by one that law it. Tis like aloofe Skin quite over the Belly, which never fticks to the Fleih, but may be lock'd into at all times, , after they have been concern'd in Pioci'caiion. In the hinder part of it is an Overture big «nough for a (hall hand to pafs, and thither the young ones, after they are full hair'd, and ftrong enough to run about, fly when any Danger appears ^ or when thvsy go to reft or fuck, and continue to do fo titl they have learn'd to live without their Dam. The ftran- geft part of this Defer ipticJn, is- that the youn^ ones are bred in this falle r>i Uy, witnout ever having been in the true one. Tney are form'd at the Teat, and grow there for feveral Weeks together, till they are in perfeft Shape, and have Strength, Sight, and Hair : They then drop off, and reft in this Fall? Belly, going in and out at pleafure : The K: 'o^i from whom we . took the Delcription, fays, he has fecn them thus faften'd to the Teat, from the bienefs of a Fly till they became as large as a Moufe. N^'ither is it any hurt to the old one to open the Bae, and look in upon her Young. Some Panthers, BufdToes and wild Hogs, which yield equal Pleafure and Profit to the Hunter, are caught up in the Country near the Heads of the Rivers. The reafon of there being few Sheep, is be- caufe the Country is not yet clcar'd of Wolves ^ all X 4 other J 1 a The Hifiory of Virginia. pthcr Beads that are reckon*d wild, do no damage Xc the f^rgmians^ flying from the Face of a Man ',.iienever they fee one*, and the Planters, by Pafture- Fences, fecure their Cattle and Hogs from them. There were no Rats nor Mice there, when the Eng- glilh firft landed *, but they foon multiply*d fo from the Englilh Shipping, that once there was like to have been a fort of Rat-Plague among the Planters. The Virpjnian Water-Rat, or Muflafcus, fmells like Musk. Pole-cats and Wefels are fometimes to be fecn there, but the Plenty of Hares and Rabbits make amends for it. There is no Country more remarkable for the va- riety of Birds in it than Firginia^ where che Woods and Groves in the Spring, Summer, Autumn, and al- moft all the Year, are render'd as delightful by the ' Mufick of their feather'd Quires, as by the Coolaefs of their Shades, or the Fragrarcv of their Flowers. Among thefe the Rock-Bi'ds are tnemoit diverting: They love Society fo weli-^nat whenever they fee Man- . , kind,they will perch upon a Twig near the Perfon,and fmg the fweeteft Airs in the World. The next is the Humming-Bird, who revels among the Flowers, and licks off the Dew and Honey from their Leaves. Tis not half fo hrge as anEnglifh Wren, and its Colour is A ihiniiig Mi suture of Scarlet, Green and Gold. There are Biack-birds witli red ^.loulders that come in prodi';ious Flights out of the Woods about the Fall of the Leaf, a lort of Nij^htingal, whofe Feathers • are very gay, or aCrimk-nand blew Colour •, but it felJom or never fings. The /vlock-Bird comes in ; bout March and flays till Jur:c^ and in bignefs and colour is like a Tlirulh. The 1 ierons there are very large, and th<. i*arL;c^ges very fmall. There's great variety of Wi'J Fowl, as Sv^ans, Geefe, Brants, Sheldrakes', Paclti., Mallard, Teal, Blewings, Cranes, Curlews, Snipes, Woodcockf,, Oxe-Eyes, Plover, Larks, Pric^ifants^ Pigeons', and which is oeft of all 'em, wild Tni keys, ^ much larger than our tame; they are in Scafoa all the Year. Jh^f^irgi- /liammve feveral ingenious Devices to take them i among others a Trap wherein itf or 17 have been pughl at a time. 'i M are noteat< Thi HifioryofViTgmi2i. jij As for Fifli there's fuch prodigious ^tienty of em, hat 'tis hardly credible to an European, Some if the Stories that have been told of it, are cet- ainly Rpmantick, and are rejefted as fiftitious, jiich as Shoals of Fifh. fwimming with their Heads [ibove Water, and to oe taken by Hand, loading a ICanoo with Fifh in the open Sea by one Indian, irji Ihalf an hour •, but 'tis certain that no Rivers in the jilii^orld are better ftor'd than theirs, and that the Vir- Iginian Sea-Coa ^ abounds in Cod and Sturgeon, of Shich fome are tight foot long. Indeed there's fcarce |any Filh, but what may be caught either in the Sea lor the Rivers. And yet there is only one (brtpeculiar 1(0 thi: Country, which is the Stingrafs. "Tis good jto eat, but has a long Tail with a very dangerous llling m it. There are other ftrange Fifties^ but Ithen :hey are alfo to be found in moft parts of North- UmeHca •, fuch as the Coney-Fifh, RocK-FiOi,Cat-Fifli, lind a Fifh in the form of a Dragon, to which there's |no Name as yet affign'd in our Language. The |Toad-Fifh, when *tis taken out of the Water, fwells 'tis like to burft. Mufcles and Oyfters are very [plentiful in Firginlay and fo large, that Tome of 'em are as big asa Horfes Hoof. Pearl has been often found in the Shells. The Indians had large, but the Eng- lilh found only Seed-Pearl, of which gqod Quantities have been fent to England, In the Spring-time the Brooks and Fords are lb full of Herrings, wnich come Dp fo Spawn there, that 'tis almoft iniportible to ride through without treading on them. The Rivers are ilfo at that time ftock'd with Shads, Rock- Sturgeon, and Lampreys, which faften themfelves to the Shad. • In the Salt Water at certain times oF the Year, there are Shoals of other Fifh *, fuch as the Old IVife^ fome- thing like an Herring, and the Sheeps-head. which Wirgimans efteem in the number of their Befr. Black pnd red Drujnms, Trouts, Taylors, Green-fifh, Sun- tifh, Bafs, Chub, Place, Flounders, V '' ''-"»«: Flat- backs, Maid?, Wives, fmall Turtle, Crafts, \^^. :, Shrimps, Needle-fi(h, Breme, Carp, !*ike, J"Ck. Mullets, Eels, and Perch. Thefe ar*j to be found in. the Rivers and Broi)ks all the Summer long, and are eattn by the People. Thole that follow I iK not eaten : The Whale, Porpus, Shark, Dog^fifh, uarr. ^^^i*- JI4 The fnfiinj of Virginia; Garr, Thocnback, Saw-fiflu Frog-hfli« Land^Cn Fidlers and Periwinkles. Many of thefe Fiih wi leap into Canoes and 6oatS| as the Englifh or Indiat croft a River ^ and there's fuch Quantities of them] that they often tire the Sportfinen with takinc *ieni? Whereas in England^ they are^generally tirM for want of it. The manner of Fifliing-Hawks preyinj upon Fifti, is very diverting. The Sport is to i> (eenevery Summer in the Mornings, and fometimc all day long. Thefe Hawks are wonderful eager aif] ter their Game, when the Fifli firftxome in the Spring.! In the dead of the Winter *tis fuppos'd they fifh furJ ther off at Sea, or remain among the uninhabitedl Iflands upon the Sea-Coa((. They have often beenj feen to catch the Fifh out of the Water, and as the were flying away with their CJuarry. the Bald Eagle? have taken it from them again. The Fifliing-Hawli will hover over the Water, and reft upon the Wingl fome Minutes together, and then from a vaft heightSI dart down direftly into the Water, plunge into itl for the rpace of half a Minute, and at laff bring upl a Fifli with him, fo big, that he can hardly carry it.| When he is on the Wing he fhakes himfelf fo ftrong-l ly, that the Water comes off of him like a Mift, andl then he flies to the Woods with his Prey, unlefs the! Bald-Eagle intercepts him, and takes it away froml him. Tnis Bird, as foon as he perceives the Fifhing^ Hawk > with his Game in his Mouth, purfueshim, and ftrives to get above him in the Air, which if he can! do, the Hawk lets his Fifh drop, and the Eagle leavesl him to take up his Prey, which he fhoots after with fuch furprizing Swiftnels, that he catches it in thc| Air, befors it falls to the Ground. Thefe Fifhing,- Hawks, when the Seafons are extraordinarily plenti- ful, will catch a Fifh, and loiter about with it in the] Air, on purpofe to have a Chace with the Eagle for it \ and if tne Eagle does not come, he'll make a da- ring Noife, as if it were to defy him. This Sport has frequently been feen by the Englifh, and by the De- fer iption of it mufl certainly be extreamly pleafant| to the Speftators. CHAP. The I0ay tf Vir^nia. C H A P. VHL ilf the Coins in Virginia : Of the Trade to ind from England, Afd other Farts of Burope and America : The Prodigious Revenue that the Cuftoms cf Tobacco brings in: The Advantage that Trade has been to England, and the Difuhantages it lies under. « ^? ots * Arabian Chsqainsj ' * ','' , * oo i<% 66 Pieces of Eight (except oJP^yZ weighing 1 6 penny Weighty S . ? :?° French Crowns, * • • * • oo oj qp Peru Pieces of Eight, and Dutch Dollats, • • • • Si .;«>,! ? ®® o+ O^ ,. . ..-,.■ -v. .J:-UU^l':'' And all Englifti Coin as it goes in^lEftgiand, The Trade of this Colony, as well as that of Mar land, confifts almoft entirely of Tobacco *, for tt the Country would produce feveral extraordinarj Commodities fit for Trade i yet the Planters are C wholly bent on planting Tobacco, that theyfeeii to have laid afide all thoughts of other Improvement! This Trade is brought to fuch Perfeftion, that th^ Virginia Tobacco, efpecially the fweet-fcented, whici grows on Tork-Kiver, is reckon'd the beft in tU World, and is what is generally vended in Engla for a Home Confumption. The other forts, cali'd Oranoac^ ?nd that of Maryland^ are hotter in thi Mouth*, but they turn to as gcKxi an Account, be ing in demand in Holland^ JDemjtarky Sweden^ gn^ Germany. Of this Commodity 30000 Holheads have been exported yearly, which befides the other AdJ vantages that the Englifh reap by it, have clear'd y /.I a Hoihead in a Foreign Market, and encreas'd the] General Stock of the Nation , 1 50000 /. a vear.l The whole Trade of Tobacco is indeed one of the| moll Profitable of all tliiQ Englifli Commerce, it em- ploys above 200 Sail of ftout Ships every year*, andl brings in between 3 and 406000 /. to her Majefty's] Treafury one year with another. Tho this Calcula- tion may feem too extravagant to fuch as know no- thing of this Trade, ^nd to lomc who make guefTesofl the Trade in general only, from their own in parti- cular, yet it will appear to be Modeft to all that have experience in the Matter. There are 200 Sail of| Ships freighted with this Commodity Commtmibus Awis, from the whole Bay : In which we include the •province of Maryland ^ and, one with another,we jj't reckon they carry lefs than 300 Hogftieads [Tobacco j in all 70000 Hoeftieads ^ of which half ifoppofe to be (old and (pent in ^pgland\ and ;Duty of tho(e 35000 Hogfheads. at but 400 weight JTobacco each, will come to 8 /. a Hog(head, and foooo /. for the whole. The other half which is ex- frted will not produce above a 5^/; part (b much rh2 Exchequer, becaufe all the Impofts are drawn ck, and part of the Subfidy^ yet allowinc but ftooo/. for the Duty of the 35000 Hogfteads )rted, the whole Amount of the Cuftoms for 70000 Hogihead^ of Tobacco, will come to Ijoooo /. a year *, and fo much it certainly brings Vo the Exchequer in a time of Peace. For in War-time our Trade is more uncertain ^ and [jDft Calculation of this Branch of it, in part, or in whole, cannot now be made, tho confider- that the yirdnia and Maryland Merchants pe efcap'd much better than thofe of Barhadoesj naica , and the Charibbee Iflands , our Efti- ftte, with fome abatement, according to the iber of Ships loft, may ftand good. Some who tend to be very well acquainted with theFirglma [rade, have aflur'd us, that 10 0000 Hoglheads have Ship'd off from Virginia and Maryland in a ir, and 40000 of *em fpent in England : If fo, we rather too (hort in our Account than too long, ith with reference to the Calculation of the Cuftoms, kd the Addition the Trade makes to the National , ck. But we have kept as clofe to Truth as we j'd by our own Experience, and the beft Informa- jh ^ and to render what we have faid the more cre- ble to the Reader ,'tis neceflary he iho'u'd know how ftly this Trade is improv'd in all Parts of England^ i well as in the Port of London, The Town of Lff- irp/ has had jo Sail of Ships unlade at her Key from lence in a Year, for feverai Years paft, reckoning ce year with another ^ many of the out-Ports have [orioSail employ'd yearly in the ^rg/»w-Trade, id the City of Brij^ol is laid to pay above 50000 /. (year Duty for Tobacco her felf, which will not ap- ar improDablej if what we are very credibly in- I'd by Brifiol-MQn is true, that one Ship belong ing *^ ^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) iA 1.0 I.I ■SO ""^^ INRiHi ■^ Itt II 2.2 Sf lis lllllio lli& 1-25 1 1.4 1.6 < 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation m ^ \\ ^ ^ <^ o^ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WUSTIR.NY. 14SI0 (7)6) •73-4503 ^V" ^ X^ jlS Tib If^cry if Yirgklk. ing to that Forty ca^Il'd tho MrM-Mtrchm^ fti4 e or xQQoo/. Cuftom, e^ry year ftir t.. wcQty years hft paH. And very often |o ori Sail of Snips Jiave come into the Sevtm at a bound for BvifiU \ befides Runners and Stragglei m th« Ont^rti together fend xoo Sail to fS^ in a year* as we think we have fuiliciently prov'^ hmdm will more than make up the other nt| And what we have ftid of the Trade and the ftoilis, will feem very rational and certain. B«nd9t the vad Advantage that accrues to National Stock, by the Exportation of T9h(if;c9 fn Mftglmd to all otn«r Parts of Eurept ^ we muft cc Cider, how beneficial this Trade is, l^ the prodi^ • ous Number of Hands it employs, and Families maintains, in England and Virginia : No lefs ' Seventy tthoufand Englijb Souls in Firgmia \ as many in Englatul, There are vaft Qiand tifs of Manufii^uiras exported from hence dajr to this Colony ) who have all their Neceflai for Cloathing. Labour, and Luxury, from gland : And tnofe G>mmodities that are fent h lying moft among Handicraft-Tradef , are fucb employ the moft Hands, feed the moft Mouths, ai confequently are the moft beneficial to the Publick| fuch as Weaiutrsy ShoomakerSy Hatters^ Ircfimoti^ Twrn^rs^ Jokitrs^ Taylors^ Cutlert^ Smiths^ Ba Brtwirsy Ropemakers^ Hifiersy and indeed all the chanicks in England *, their Manufaftures being i Merchandiie in Virginia^ when the Ignorance or. varice of (bme Merchants do not glut the Mari[fl The Commodities fent thither, befides Linnen, Silk htdia Goods, Wine, and other foreign Manu&ctof are Cloth coarfe and fine. Serges, Stufls, Ba^ Hats, and all forts of Habtrdajbtrs Ware, Hough Bills, Axes, Nails. Adzes, and other Iron-Wan Cloaths ready-made. Knives, Bisket, Flower, Sec kings, Shoos. Caps for Servants \ and in ftiort^ very thing that is made in Endand, They formerly drove a conuderable Trade wifl Pipe-Staves and Hoops, ixom yirginia to Madtri Tentras^ Fialy and me other Iflands cali'd the / M^ts\ but lately Ntvo-England and Neto^Twrk hit aUaoft dn/n the Virginians out of that profitabl Trad^ TOf «f^e Prime Coft. And if it wants in G<)9^% there I no Abatement for it, no Confideration fdr Lofles^ . brhigk Fretghfsand Premio's of Infuirance,for a fmall >op, the Ciearnefs of Hands , and other Accidents irhich maV jirbve the Rnin of this Plantation : For rhen hi$ G(X)ds come to Market, after Cuflom and ke Faftor*s Bill for Commiffion is paid, the Neet Voceed comes to little; . The poor Planter is not ily difappointed in the Value of his Goods, but is Bills that he drew come back protefted, and he is jrc'dto pay exorbitant Intereft, to prevent being fu'd, r.forc'd tofign Judgments to the Merchant there ^ pho^ having got the Waft Hold of his Eftate, feedf turn infenfibly with Money, till the whole follows |t a mean Rate. If this Fate does not attend his Sills, he is forc'd to buy the Necedaries at home. ; dear Rates, which he wrote for to England *, and if pccoesupon Truft. 'tis atfuch Prizes, that a Ufurer Haines to extort, out Cuftom makes it look like piwrul. If he fells his Tobacco in the Country, the pallors take Care to beat down the Price To low, th^t will hardly pay for culrivating. How can all tnis be emedy'd, you (ay, in War Time ? By fecuring their Trade, which would make Infurances unneceffary : id how can it be fecur'd ? That Queftion has been often anfwer'd to fuch as have the Care of liefe things, 'tis needlefs for us to decide it here. This [we may venture to fay, that the fending a Ship or wo to this or other Colonies, under Commanders rho think themfelves Admirals, and defy all Power at their own- will never anfwer the End. A Re- refentation of which was made to thofe that have ^e Management of thefe Affairs, in which 'twas faid, yy make it their Bufmefs to oppofe Authority^ arta hthen there is any FaEiien in any Place^ they are Cure to * mn with themaeainji the Governour., They will lie in U Harbour for alVeek together^ without once going out [l» cruife *, by their ill Vf age of their Men^ they force mtm to run away from the Shipj and then they ruin m Merchants and Trade of the FlacCy by prejfmg awav hhe Seamen from the f^ejfels. Some Inftances of the ill [Praflices of thefe Captains are mention'd. One of them j when he was at Virginia, nt$therfpar*d the Gentlemen of m Country, the Queen's Officers^ nor tlic Governour ' Y hint' M# ' as* )2# kitfifilfy hl^lfi the^ would not fuffeir .bif» to marry «\ . Gentleman's Dsughter, when at the fame t'me fae had\ a Wife and Chilaren at London. Vpon Mch he at-\ temntidthe Lives of the Gentlewoma»*s Father, feveraa of her Relations^ efpecially of a very worthy GentlemanA OHO Col, Gary, who courted the young Laa^, The CqA vemour was forced to feeure the Peace : The Pro-\ vince being oH in anvproar by this Man's extravagam\ jtitiions. The Council of Maryland complained of an* other, reprefentipg, He was fitter for Bedlam than\ command a Ship, And another at New-Torkj When tk Jjord Conibury drder'd him to take feveral rejjfeL loaden with JProvifiens on her Majefiy's Account , iiA Fenfylvania and Carolina, and convoy them to Jamaica,! €xcwd himfelfy f<^if^gi ttis Ship was laid up^ and m\ riggd. They might have been ready before Chriftma%| kue he would not go till the 25th of MAtch^ promif then to fet Sail, However, he lay m the Harh tin the latter end of May y aU which time her Mfgtji paid Demurrage, the Provifions lying on board, which \ great Damage, He refused to obey the Orders he rt] ceiv'd to touch at Carolina, and take thofe Veffels tm\ der hit Convoy. I But fhould we so about to write a Hiftory of alil the Complaints that have been made againft fucn Officers as thefc, for their Mifcarriages in j1merica\ one might add another Volume to theft of the PI tations. We have alfo feen a State of Virginia, drawn an Inhabitant of 'HotiYi-America, and prefented tG A Uite*of^^^ Lords of Trade in England, The People are Virginia/ ft^f»ffottf, difpers'd thro* the whole Provmee, - 7 almo^ fole Bufinefs is planting and improving Tobatctl even to that degree^ that enofi of them fcarce alhJi themfelves timr to produce their necejfary Provifiml and confequently take little Leifure to bujy themftlvn about Matters of State, They have always bten rf> fpeiiful and obedient to Government, &c. Again, On every River of this Province there are Men in Namber , ' from tin to thirty, who by Trade and Indujtry have lot very compleat Ejtates, Thefe Gentlemen take Care t^ fitpplythe poorer fort with Goods and Neeeffaries, asi are fare to keep them always in their Debt, and con[t'\ qumly dependant on thtm. Out of this JNuttiber aifA mm .^ '■* kjW«f her M^jMs Onmeil^ tht ASfrnk^^ the Jf^ces \md Officer^ cj the Government Many of thefe Q^th- hUmen hau9:4pfy'd themfelves i^ (fltf Tears to pmifrt Worn their Gevermurs gifod La^fow the hmer Go^ fvemment 4n4 ImHtvmimm oftheCowtfry^ScK'^ Ag^ins mey cottier this Province is rffi^jjrodter Athant^gc p» berAfai^^ than aU the rejt if the Pro^^infes bo^ Us oa the Main *, and therefore mfeiy fomtude^ thaf 7 ^iht to have ffreater PrivAeies than the rifi rf M^gtfiy's Suhjeas, Further, 7 he ABemhlv think mfelves entitled to att the Rights and Privileges ef En&lifli ParUamenty and begin to feaych into the (cords of that Honourable Houfe^ m. Prefdepts to \mem themfelves by. The Council imagine, they \dmoJtfiand upon equal Terms with the Right Honoura* me Houfe of Lords, We think a great Part of what llbUows in thi$ Reprefentation might have been {par*d, w we leave it as we found it. I The Society for propagating the Gpfpel, in the Ac- cbmh Icoant they have publilh^-of their Succefs in Ame^Afjain. hkoj tell us, Virginia is divided into fifty Pariihei, lind about thirty Chapels. Here wa^s alio a noble College, ere^^ed for the Education of the American [Touth, in the Studies of Divinity and Philofophy, b Maintenance for the Students h»s been fettled, but P^ Difufe is impaired in many Places. . Several Pa- Itiihes are not (upply'd with Minifter^ particularly |h Princefs Ann^s County. There was no Mathema- Hal ProfeiTor in WtOiam and Marv College. Th^ ciety have paid to Mr. Tyliard 26 /. and to Mr. TaHace of Elixjtbeth City Pariffi x ; /. in Books. Of tk9 College above-mention'd, we have fpokcn eady, but (ince that have met with a better Ac- mt of it. A fiately Pabrick was rais'dy a Ra^alg^gg^ }£\iarter given^ with ample Privileges and Jmmunitiei^ Aecqmt of b puhlicTt Fund was allotted for the Endowment of it^tbe Society \ma aPreHdent appointed with an honourable SaUaryy for propa- Ic, and in Honour ef the ^omder it was called Wiliiamf<<»»? the nd Mary College. But it could not be furnifl/d with <^"!ftU hofejfors and Students^ nor advanced ahve a Cram-^^' P* ^". m-School^ before the whole College wai unfortunately \tftroy*d by Fire, And the great Service Col. Nichol- m did this Society, arid the Caufe of Religion, in ^is Province, while he was Governour, has been y a often i The Hfficry f ykpam bfteiiucknowldeg^di by theirt, in Pafcfick and ftri- vate. p We have nothi^ farther to obferVe riWting to Plrgihia-^ bat that on theDieath of Mr. Notte,\ my lord Orkney's Deputy in the Obwii^liient of this I (ilony^ Col. Umter wis appointed his Sueceflbr in that honourable Poft, Jf. D, i7iggs, Eftf, • 1 Senjamin Harrifon^ Sen* Elq*, S$hert Carter^ Efq^ JohnCufiiSy Efq', The Reverend Mr. James Blare^ Thilip Ludweflj Efq', Henry Duke, Efqi Robert Quarryi Eiq^ . John Smith, Efq*, John Lewis, Efq*, miliam Churchill, Eftj', J CommifTary to the Bifliop of London, the Reverend Mf.' James Blaire, Auditor of the Revenue, Dudley ^i&h E^q> Secretary, Edmund Jennings, Elq*, Receiver General, William Bird, E(q*, Colle£lor of the Cuftoms, Col. Gawen Orbiff* \ Attorney General, Stephen Tompfm, ^Counfellors. THE • * -^'^'^ I^A i4 P)ri- relitingl NotteA of this ieceflbr 1 which; paflagc nd now I )fficers, Parts of I leverend «r.> ..cr.*-. W ■ ^ ■ ;■■♦•' <.• •? t.-n^ • jJi' f» s »iy» rHB ^Wi h u»^^ di [ffj J^ ^ '^^ Si U. I i 'i !*?,•-■ ^h! v^^.'iSif* 1 T ;i «• f:ll fi.n fl ^# *«■■ i' ■ttV7m, 'stw- fcVssi iwu..4:-t«*i*i * !■ ■F .■?. I ' ■^^ ^ C\ Contm Setti the pthet frefi I Proprie fays, H Sir Sebi Briftoi, Dife&vei having North- fin)r aut ht cvei .J ^^^' _:~4g' V ';vf^V. J»S HISTO * « OF fcl'i CAJHOlJ ^I )t C H AP^'l. ■■■ .■"■ ',;■"'' \,Cc»tdmng m Recount j^09fX>i^ Settlement of this Ihoiffyke, MA cf dl ^ the Wats^ FaifimSf DifiurbimeeSf mA pther Events 0^^fjr(m that time to the -frefent W "ft i' '-' ■"*■■' '•■■■' E vcnot igfioisiil of the "Pi^^c^ pi Di/eoven, the Goocern'd p tlM$ Pro^Mfe who affirm, 'twas 4i|pfr*antry the Kame of FhridOf for that the i !S^^ ^ ^ ^^ Refemblaace or « ^ootSMMi Amerla ^Sc^P»n>aS|f, Who pifiionitely defir'd to fepiR * it I9 thenoielves, eig^t Years afterwards fent Vafquft ^3 atthe iUver of Deiphkis^Wi^tta that oif$i# * tbatof 4%y lying about the jeth De^ gree. '•■' ■•■.,■'- ' .- The next Riv^ to that diMty^ he catl'd the Hiifr. ^e nett to that. theSmm % then the Loire *, ^a [9 Charemt^md the Carome. At the Mouth of |^ ffutrU Rber, then caird the Greai River •, the1%rt ^ $ing fafe and commodious, he built a l^ort^ which he ttlled Charles Forp^ and gave it th^Nameof F*^ Kfiyal^ in 52 Degrees of Latitade, bordering on f^ti- m^ now North Qtrolma^ where ^ Jfirft S^ttle^l&t Was made by any European Nation. ' The CiVil Wars raging in Prame^ Ribaut*% Solt (lieri.mtttiny*d, for want of Supplies. The Nativesi "tb true, Were very kind to them, out of Hatred to die Spmiards\ but they could not furnifli them with mfLny Heicefraries which they wAnt|d^, and the Admiral was To engaged in Politicly alhottife, that he had iiot Leifure to provide for the W4nts of hit Colohv. So Kbaut having made feme Difcoveries in the Nor^h^Eaft part ofBfrida^ retum*d to Fitanee^ Ihii tnd in his Return, if Credit may be ^iven to an old Author/his Company Vrere reduc'd tolTuch Eitre- mity, that they kiird ana eat one of their Own Men i lad probably would have donte fo hf oihJers, liad they aot accidentally metwith,an£M///S^ShJpf thf Mafterof which furnilh'd ^linwithlomeflovin- ons. A Peace being concluded a , Years ifyt isi, franee^ between the PapUb and PrOteftant^ OMim^ who was'tiMn in Favour at Court, brqcofcl other Ships to be font to this Country, wnichiirat now callM Carolina^ from Fort Charles^ as that-Was from ' the French King. The Command of thofe Ships, and the Men aboard, was given to Uwis Laudener^ who was ordered to carry on the Settlement He wriv*d here th? 2othof7iar#. ijtf+. with 3 Ships, and was kindly received by tne Indians^ but could find no Gold and Silver Mines, tho he fpent much Labour and time in fearchtfter tl^em* His Prpvl- ( / ■1 t«« ' , D.2V. ef 247. ■, Thi Mftbfy of Cztdiml fiotas being almoft all gone^ and the Natives eitfieif unable, or unwilling to farnifli him with more, Laudover refolv'd to returji alfo to Frdnct'^ and as he wad preparing to depart, JemRibauttLtxv/^A with 3 Ships, which nad fo good an EfFeft on the Indians^ that they feem'd to^be as welcome to them as to the Fremk The Kings of //•wo/iw, Seravatrl, Almt' caff/y, Malicoy and Cafiriy waited upon Rihauu to congratulate his Arrival, and promis'd to conduft hini to the ApdatMn Mountains, which part CaroU' na from Vtrgima, The French conceiv'd great Hopes of this Set- tlement, but all vanifli'd on the Arrival of the ^a- niards^ who with a Squadron of Ships and Land Fpr- ces, drove the French out of their Forts, kill'd Ri- baut^ and 6 to Men, after having given them Condi- tions of Life, and obliged Laudoner^ with a few of his Countrymen who remained alive, to return to France, The French King took no notice of this Aft of Violence committed on his Subje^s, becaufc they were Proteftants', and indeed 'tis thought Coligny intended by this Settlement, to fecure a Re- treat for himfelf, and his Brethren of the Reform'd Religion, in cafe they were conquered in France. Peter Melanda commanded the Spaniards, who dif- lodgld the French, and fo provoked the Indians by his Cruelty and Injuftice, that they were very ready to revenge themfelves when Opportunity offer'd, as it did not long after ^ for Capt. VeGorgues^ a French Gentleman, at his own coft, Htted out three flout Ships, and with 280^ Men lail'd 10 Carolina^ where he took the Fort, and put all the Spaniards within it to the Sword. They had built two other Forts, which' he eafily reduc'd, and ferv'd the Garrifons as he did that of Fort Charles. He demolifti'd theni. and was a(iiftcd by the Kings oi Homoloa^ and Seravatri, ', ' ' ' * . .' s* The French travell'd into the Dominions of the great King of Apalacha.^ near the Mountains, where tney converted many Indians to Chriftianity. Thefe Indians were moie civilthan thofe to tne North- ward, their Rings Dominions larger, and their Manners, in a great |^eaf^re, refenibkd the Mexi- We dc any Settle ted to rei jjtf7. lay Reign of 1^22. fev lacres of weredriv< vince of A where the Mailicansi isfaid to< Mr. Brigfi where he trymen, v Relation o: It will, feeaDeicr glifh fettle, lated in a I efi Rhery t SeOy is the whence^ abt the Promon the French their Plants Helens, an Oriftanum I Leagues f p;»0(lani is J Lea^i Leagues ^ t Saron p, to l^iftg in 31 an Mattae( 'Twill hi Carolinay tc and thcolc (hall not pr where we ri^t. This Cou )ean Natior Hen, that s s eithei^ I rh more, ^ and as ivM with i Indians^ i as to the 'ibauu to \ conduct irt CaroU- this Set- the Spa- >nd For- kill'd Ri^ m Condi- a few of return to this Aa becaufe i thought cure a Re- [Reform'd in France, , who dif- ndians by cry ready oficr'd, as a French, iree (lout ta^ where within it er Forts, Garrifons emolifti'd Homoloa^ tins of the , where iv. Thefe he North- »nd their :he Mexi- We TbetBftory o/ Carolina^ 329 We do not find that Monfieur de Gorgkes niade "^ any Settlement here *, or that the Spaniards attemp- ted to recover the Country •, which from the Year I jtf 7. laydefer ted by all European Nations, till the Reign of %m&Charles II. of Englmd, In the Year 1 522. feveral tnglifli Families flying from the Maf- Ibidi iicres of the Indians in Virginia and New-England^ were driven on thefe Coafts, and fettled in the Pro- vince of Mallica. near the Head of the River of ii^, where they afted the Part of Miflionaries among the \Mallieans as^d Malachites, The King of the Country is faid to have been bapti2*d *, and in the Year iffrj. Mr. Brig/^ockj an Englilhman, went to Afalacha, where he was honourably entertained by his Coun- trymen, who were there Kefore him •, and from his Relation of the Country ours is taken. It will not be unacceptable to the Curious, toADefcrip* fee a Defcription of Carolina^ as it was before the En- ffowo/Old- glifti fettled there, which we find very diftinftly re- Carolina, lated in a Difcourle Printed A» D. i6\\. The near- W Ri^ery of any Note, to Virginia, falling into the ' iSea, is the Jordan, which lies in 32 Degrees \from vnhence^ about 20 Leagues downwards to the South^ is \the Promontory of St, Helen, near Port- Royal, whith me French cuofe for the beji andfureft Place to begin CaftcU. pi Itheir Plantations, Between the River Jordan and Sif. 33« IHelens, are Orifianum^ Oftanum, and Cayagna^ [Oriftanum lying 6 Leagues from St. Helens^ Oftanum L Leagues from Oriftanum ^ and Cayagna 8 Leagues rom Oftanum. From St. Helens to Dos Baxos Haven \is 5 Leases. From thence to the Bay ,de Alapo, $ \Leagues ^ thence to Cafar.ufinm 3, to Capula 5, to Saron p, to S. Alcany 14, and toS* Peter 20 Leagues^ vmg in ii Degrees of Latitude. The next Place is • Kan Mattaeo, j Leagues from St, Peter. Twill be difficult for an Inhabitant of theprefent Carolina^ to reconcile all thefe Names to the Modern, and the old Defcription to the New ^ wherefore we lliall not pretend to it, at leaft but occaHonally, and kvhere we can be almoft fure that we are in the |ri^t. This Country having been abandon'd by all Eiiro- an Nations for near 100 Years, itfeem'd rcafonable en, that any one who would be at the Expence of ^ttlin^ 3J0 fetdin and The Hifiory of CaroUiu^ ins upon it, and cultivate itn {houldpofle^it^J the Pretence of Seba^i(m Ctbet'sd^kwrnngitA ts of R nglaruL Tiiisl atwevr upon it d firee] gave the Crown ciBngUmd a Title to it, which King CharleiW, aiTerted : For fome Noblemen ihd Gentle- men begging it of hinij he made a Grant of it, by a PattentTneAi^ing ^^tc the 24th of MarcL 1663. to ^dmard Earl ofciaretidonj then Lord High Chancel- . i «>, \QWt of EngUmd^ George Duke oiljUhemarle^ Vf^tilimr^^ Y't^ Lord Craven^ John Lord Berkley^ jittthcny Lord Jl>r!:?j 5 ^ iey. Sir George Cartaret^ Sir WiBam Berkley^ and Sir*'*™*" ™' I^Jfo 0//rfns gave the Proprietaries foch a Charter, and that thcwP? "^^^ proceeded towards a Settlement by virtue of itW'^'^" */ ^' eally in t nnot, or Cerem dfubfcril iifh'd in t\ andDij ch Timcj ^ftriaioni Let us nc t to the I grant Li Iter K\xxh Blina, pubJ nee. Uefirfl } le that 1 abfolute tms. , are J. IffiorA fe them tstoplA ^sconcet they wiUeA which was in a few Years effected. Whatever hi been faid of the French and Spaniards, 'tis but ju that if one Nation does not think a Country wor cultivating, and defei^s it, another, whohasabetti Opinion of it, may enter upon it, by the Law Nature and Reafon. mtk: ^. r The Proprietaries, after they had got their CkWl. I'^^J^ ter, gave due Encouragement for Pcrfons to fettle itA ?'''J^v this Province, and there being cxprefs Provifion nwcT^. 5'.^;'' in it for a Toleration, and Indulgence to all ChriftiT^* J'^ ans in the free Exercife pf their Religion, g^^^^^beZlmi liich King idGeritle- ofit,bya l66i, to I Chancel- Jlfe Kftciy tf Oirolina. rs of ProteftantSf pKTenters from the Church of nglandf retir'd thither. This Toleration appears fo firm by this Charter, at nc wonder any Palatine coald prefume to break upon it. The lung granted the Proprietaries full id free licenie, Lil^rty and An^onty, by fuch WUlLun^*^ Ways and Means, as they ftiall think fit, to give T A^Zw^^ ^^^ Perfon and Perfons, inhabiting, and being Lord -^y»-t.j|jjj^ the (aid Province, or any Part thereof, who J> ^p;r^5|eallyin their Judgments, and lor Confcience fake, •^ S^linnot, or (hall not conform to the Liturgy, Form, ^-'^^^Ifi^W^ Ceremonies of the Church ofEnglandl and take ^"^^^iytd fubfcribe the Oaths, and Articles, made and efta- ^'??%Piih'd in that behalf, or any of tHem, fuch Indulgea- "' fZvJt^ anc ma lie . John Collitony the Lord Cornburyy the Lord Berkley, I faUune. George Cartaret, the ift of March* ^699, Wnicl , Conftitutions, as is exprefTed in the laft Article, j&^ bcy and remain the facred and unalterable Form Rule of Government in CsitoYrndL for ever. They were drawn up by that famous Politician ti Earl of Shaft sburyy one of the Proprietors, andtl only one that could be fufpefted of having the leal Inclination to favour the Diflenters. The firft A tide of theie Fundamentals, is, that a PMatincJIh pe chofettoutof one of the Proprietaries, who f mil m •■',"• t'm 7%e Hifiory of C2Lt6]in£ jjj time during JUfe^ andJte fiicceeded bv the eldeH of the other freprtetaries. The Palatine has the execu* live Power in moft Cafes, and the reft of the Pro- prietaries have their Places and Privileges. Mr, Archdaley, in the before-mention'd Treatife, (ays, ^ ^"pjTfegy center d att%elr Power m four ofthem^ viz. in a ^r tl (W *"^ o/f j!;«r own chopfing^ and three more^ who were ^ "(tuthoriz.' a to execttte the whole Towers of the Charter, This is called the Palatine*s Court*, and their Deputies in Carolina execute it as they are directed hy their principals. By the Fundamental Conftitutions, there are to be three Hereditary Noblemen in every County, " |one caird a Landgrave, and 2 caird Cafliques. The parliament confifts of the Proprietors, or their De- .puties, theGovernour and Commons^ and by the IRindamratals fhould have 2j Landgraves, and yo "ifiques to make a Nobility: But the Numberof ndgraves and Cafliques is very fmall, and they are ot (ummon'd to make an Upper-Houfe, on that ccount.*, fo the Governour and the Proprietors puties arrogate that Title. The Commoners are ;hofen by the Free-holders of every County, as the Commons in England *, and all wereatfirft to fit in leHoufe, and have equal Votes. This Parliament ould meet once in every two Years^ and oftner, if ccafion require. The Courts of Tuftice are, befid^s iofe of the Palatine's Court, the Chief Juftice's urt, the High-Conflables Court, the Chan cellor's urty the Treafurer's Court, tne Chamberlain's urt, the High-Steward's Court i Befides which, ere, are the Great Council and the Hundred Courts. r. Archdale^ on this Head, tells us, " The Char- ter generally, as in other Charters, agrees oil Royal Privileges and Powers, but efpecially at that Time it had an over-plus Power to grant Liberty of Confcience, tho at home was a hot perfecuting Time ', as al(b a Power to create a Nobility, yet not to have 'the fame Titles as here in England i And therefore they arc there by Pattent. under the Great-Seal of the Province, calPcl Land- graves and Cafliques, in lieu of Earls and Lords^ and are by their Titles to fit with the Lords Pro- prietors Deputies, and together make the Upptt " Houle, Andd\ \ from t\ ar'^di am )pportunrt i ReafoM ' andlm fgnsofm My receivl ons provi r no Perfij^ I Benefit \ her of for ded m fin e care, i\ •uld be pt(j them i jiws of the Cold ble to ju he Sequel to over-tui tidamentalsl ersfromtl ' Families >itants, t e Propriei 'd, the Fui 20 Artidi atineoft! j/hlevy Si Berkfevy f Article, > lie Form Politician tl ors, andt! /in g the leal The firft * PMatiticfih who fihtll cti tin «f U IJ4 TU ISfimy of CzxoMxol: *^ Hoafe, the Lower Houie being de£):ed bf •• People, The(e Landjgrayes are to bave four Ba^ '* ronies annex'd to their Dignities, cf tfooo Aa ** each Barony ^ and the Cai«ques two Baronies, ' 3000 each, and not to be divided by Sale of an] Part Only tiicy have Power to let out a third Part for three liye^ to raiie Portions Ibr youm ^' Children. Every County has a Sheriff and fc Jufhces of the Peace. Every Planter pays i j, a Acre Quit'Rent to the Propnetaries, unleu he bu] it off. All the Inhabitants and Free-men, from u to ^o Years old, are bound to bear Arms, wnen coi inandedbytheGrf^GTfiixpf/. . r The Proprietaries entcr'd into a Joint-Stock, and fitted out Ships on their own proper ChargoJ to tranfport People and Cattle thither, which Ix] pence amounted to 12000 /. befides as muck or mor disbursed by finji^le Proprietors to advance the Colo ny 'j juid all dieir Rents and Incomes have (ince r' Beginning been laid out in Publick Services. Many LMfTenters of good Eilates went over, many other Perlbns, iik hopes to mend, their For<| tunics. And if they could ^ell how to improve thq Opportunities that were put into their Hands ther they had feldom any Reuon to repent of going ' ther. Tho the Difficulties and Dangers they met wit at firft were a little difcouraging, all free PerTon^ who came over, were to have 50 Acres of Land fa themfelves, 50 more for each Man-Servant, and ji more for eachWoman-Servant Marriageable*, and nol Marriageable, 40 Acres. Each Servant out of hi or her Time was to have 50 Acres, paying theQuif Rent of I ^. an Acre. I The Proportion of Land was much greater by thj firft Inftru£tions which the Proprieuries fent diei| Governours, but they afterwards thought fit to 1 duce it to the prefent Allotment. Some Gentleni« who did not care to be liable to the yearlv Qut^ Rent of I d, an Acre, bought their Lands right. The common Rate of purchafing now, is 20 /. fo{ a 100 Acres, and 10 i. a Year Quit-Rent. Tb Proprietors, in all their LeaOs, never forget to ei ceo Th Ilifiory o» County ; Which number was encreas'd, as more Counties were laid out, and more People came to fettle in the Pro- » - vincf. , ^ The Temporary Laws were made in die Year Wttliam, 1^71. AtwnichtinrteJ|!7//ww, Earl of Cr^vw, was! ^^/ Cr^.p^atine. On which Office he enter'd, after the ten, P^ Death of the Duke dlAlhemarU \ who, as has Wn «i»r. jj^j^^ ^j5 Palatine, when the Fmdamental OnfikmHui were fign'd, but dy'd foon after. In the fame Year I (jap. Halfted was ordered to make Difcoveries up] Jl/hity River^and a Model of a Town was (cnt,which it! will be Well, if the People of Carolina are able to build loo Years hence ^ but the Proprietaries, as appears by their Conftitutions and Inftruftions to their Go- vernours, thought 'twas almoft as ea(y to build Towns, as to draw Schemes. not been able to diftinguiih the Events in his Gc vernment from thofe in &ty/*'s.- About the Year i6So. the Proprietaries made Jofeph Jofeph Weft^ Efq*, one of the firft Planters, their WeftC7tf- Govemour. He was a Man of Courage, WifdomJ vsrnouu Piety, and Moderation : And. fuch an One was ne] ceflary in his time i JTor tho many Diflenters had fle from the Rage of their Enemies in Endand, ye there were not wanting Men of other Principfei, who by Fa£Vions diibrb'd the Peace of the Infant] ■^ Colony. Mr. ArMale's Word will, in this Cafd be more acceptable to the Reader : " The moft del " fperate Fortunes firft ventur'd over to break m "Ice, which being generally the ill Livers of m *' pretended Churchmen^ tho the Proprietors commit •* (ionated one Col. Wejh their Governour, a niodcj ** rate, jult, rious, and valiant Perfon j yet having ' " Council of th«i loofe principled Men, they grev " vtry unruly, and had like to have ruin'd the Colo| ' " ny, by abunngthe Indians^ whom in Prudence thei " ought to have oblig'd in the higheft degree, anj ** fo Drought an Indian War on the Country, likj ** that in the firlt planting of Firginiay in whicl * fev^ral were cut offj but the Governour, by \i\ " manli it than »ry Uv'd atl The Hiftary of Czvolmzl jjy manly Prudence at leaft in a great meafure ex- tinguifli'd the Flame, which had a long time threatned the Diflblution of the Colony. The iro Fa£tions were that of the Proprietaries and that tf the Planters, like Court and Country Party in fftgland. This Divifion got to fuch a Head, that bne Mr. John Culpeper was fent Priibner to En- • vandj with a Charge of High-Treafon againft mij for raifing a Rebellion in Carolina *, for ihich he was try'd at Wefimnfter'HaU^ and fpon hearing the Matter, it appeared only to a diforderly Quarrel among the Planters and habitants of the Province, fo he was acquit- I* Col. Wefi held a Parliament in Charles Town, ID. 1^82. In which feveral A£^s were pafs'd and ^tify*d by him, (jindrew PercivaU^ Efq*, William erfy Efq*, and Maurice MaAhews^ Efq*, Deputies ■the Proprietaries^ \ z.SyAn Mt for High-w^s^ for pprejpng Drwikermefs andprophane Swearings for Oh- yation of the Lord's Day^ and for fettling the Mi* Itia. Twas in this Governour's Time, that the Wefioes^ jNation of the Indians^ were troublefome to the Co- ly, and attempted the Subverfion of this hopeful Set- ^ment^ as the A£t of Parliament to raife Money repelling them words it. There was not much Hood ihed, or Money fpilt \ for 4 or 500 /. paid Charge of the War, and other publick Ex- ices. The Lords Proprietaries ereded a Commiilion for turice Matthews^ Efq*, William Fuller^ Eiqj Jona- I Fitz^ Eiq^ dLtidiJohn Boon, Efq^ to decide all Cau- 1 between the Englijh and Indians, Andj Mr. Wiji ^charg"d with dealing in Indians : For which, and ppofing the Proprietaries Party, he was remov*d, in I Year 1583. and Jofeah Moreton, Efq^ appoint- Jofeph iGovemourin hisftead. Moreton, Twas about this time, that the Perfecution rais'd^/?; Gq.^^ thePopifh Faftion, and their Adherents, 'mEng-'^''»our, fds agamft the Proteftant Diflenters, was at the fignt ^ and no Part of this Kingdom fuffer'd more it than Somerfet-Jhire. The Author of this Hi- bry Uv'd at that time with Mt. Bhke^ Brother to Z tho 3?8 ».v- The Jiifiory of Cardina. the famous General of that Name, being educated I by his Son-in-kWy who taught School in BridgcoattfA and remembers, tho then very young, the Reafons old Mr. Sidke us'd to give tor leavins Englmd .- One of which was, "that the Mifcries they endur'd,! meaning the DifTenters then, were nothing to whatl he foremw would attend the Reign of a Popifh Suc*| ceflTor \ wherefore he refblv'd to remove to CarcUna J And he had fo great an Intereft among Perfons (late he ha along witl Thoufands yet 'twas a feveral Yea in a time ^ and the 1 home. By Mr. his Principles^ I mean the Difllenters, that many ho^l Pitrty we' neft fubftantial Perlbns engag'd to go over witbl dale^/ULi ^^' „ I to- be difco I muft prevent all Prejudice to what I have faid,l Gentleman by declaring, that this BooK is written by one wliol Cm'olina^ w; is not him^lf a Diilenter, but verily, believes, thel General Blal true Church of England is the moft Orthodox mm Carolina * n the moft Pure Church in the World. And bytM<^ mkerohk true Church of England^ he underftands all thfAmfgher inclined who live up to the Do£^rine it profefles \ who hm travaganf & their Piety, Chanty, and Moderation, are Omamenta told, marry of our Holy Religion, and who do not blindly: efpooH and by this a Name out of Intereft, or from the Iinpreflionflwas fo encn of Education *, who pity, an^l not hate, fiich as difltill Mr. ColUt fent from them ^ who are loyal to their Prince, fubl There beii miflive to their Superiours, true to their Count]7MrJ!;rjp/, and and charitable to all : Of fuch a Temper is everjIOiu^ betvn true Church-man^ and may their Number daJlVwere difchai encreafe, till we are all ot One Mind and OnSThe Lords Religion, as we have but otie God and One Safl Miles from viour. iPfoteftion. If the Reader will pardon this Digreffion, he fhafl The Counj have no more *, and to much 'twas neceflary to ikyflwas now laic that he may not think, whatever is faid of Mr. Blakemm the Nortl or his Brethren, is out of Refpef^ to his Profefiionlthe South : but as a Chriftian : For tho I doubt not there mawSquares of z : be many good Chriftians of the fame Principles, ■Proprietaric ihould elteem them more, if they would be convinq and conform j that the Union fo often recommence by our Gracious and Glorious Queen j^nne^ may I univerfal. 1 fav the more of Mr. Blake, becaufe his Family i one of the moft confiderable in this Province \ v/htiMdin \ for Tr\ he arriv'd in the Year itfSj. with feveral oi\i^ir Damage (^ Families, the Followers of his Fortune. What Imming Puilu ftatr Mr. Morel , ill'd a Parlii Ifeveral Afts J pbllck Char A Vfyor General] i, he (hall y to fayJ /[uBlakel ^ofeilion] here mav i^ciples,! convincV mmen^e •, mav ' Family ;•, wher iral othei What E' ftat< The tfsfiory of Carolina.' ftate he had in Englandy he fold, to carry the EfFefts along with him \ and tho the Sum was not many Thousands, if it did at all deferve the plural Number i yet 'twas all that his Great Brother left him, tho for feveral Years he commanded the Britifl) Fleet *, and in a time when our Naval Arms were viftorious, and the Treafures of NewSpain feldom reach'd home. By Mr. Blakt^s Prefence in Carolina^ the Sober Tarty^ we call them fo in oppofition to Mr. Arcit* dale's lUUversy began to take Heart, and the other to be difcourag'd in their irregular Courles. The Gentleman I juft mentioned, in his Defcriptunt of Carolina^ writes thus : In Gwemowr MoretonV Ttme^ General Blake*/ jffror/^r. wkhrruwy Difemersy came to Carolina *, Vfhich Blake being a wife and prudent Perfon^ if m beroick Tenwer ofSpirit^^engthmed the Hands of fober inclined People^ Md Ikept under thefir/t loofeand ex- travagant S^rit^ &c. The Governuur, as we are told, marry'd Mrs. Elizabeth Blake^ his Daughter *, and by this Alliance, the Strength of their Party was fo encreas*d, that we hear Tittle of the other till Mr. C0/^>m*s Government. There being fome Complaints againf): Mr. Mat- thewsy and the other Commiflioners for deciding Caufes between the Engli^ and the Indians^ they were difcharg'd, and the Commiflion abrogated. The Lords Proprietaries ordered the Indians 400 Miles from Charles Town, to be taken into ^eir Proteftion. The County of Berkley^ between Stono and Sewee^ was now laid out *, and foon after Craven County, on the North of Berkley \ and Colliton County, on the South : All which Counties were divided into jSquares of 12000 Acres, for the feveral Shares of the jProprietaries, Landgraves, and Cailiques. Mr. Moretonj at his entering upon his Office. ird a Parliament, which met in Form, and pafs'd Ifeveral Afts ^ as, For raifing joo 1. for defraying the \?ublick Charge of the Province •, for regulating the Stir' f/tyor General's fees |» for raifing the P'alue of Foreign mn \ for Trial of fmall and mean Caufes under 40 s. w Damage of protefied Bills of Exchange ^ for afcer^ \ming Publtck Officers fees\ to fufpend Profecution Z 2 for 3?9 340 " The Hifiory of CiroUni. for Foreign Debts \ to inhibit the trading with Servants or Slaves •, for laying out, and making good High-Ways \ for preventing the taking away Boats and Catfoos \ for nt^rktng of mI forts of Cattle ^ to prevent unlicensed Taverns and Punch-Houfes, and afcertaining the Rates and Prices of Wine^ and other Liquors ^ to prevent kunawgys. All which Afts were fiftn'd by Jofeph Aforeton^ Efq-, Governour, John Godfrey, Elq^ John Boon, Elq-, James Moor, Efq*, Maurice Matthews, Efq-, Andrew Percivail, Efq j Arthur Middleton, Efqj Counfellors and Deputies v and Mr. Jofeph Oidys, Clerk to the Parliament. At this time, Robert Gws^ Efq^ was Treafurer of the Colony •, John Moor, Efq*, Secretary^ John Boon, Efq, Robert Daniel, Efq; Mr. Bernard Schinkinghy Mr. Peter Hearn, and Cap. Florence O Sulltvan, were appointed Commif- fioners for ftating and pafling the Fublick Accounts. Maurice Matthews^ Eiq^ was al(b Surveyor-Gene- ral. The Trade of dealing in Indians contina'd, and feveral of the Proprietors Deputies wete concern'd in it : Whether the Governour, Mr. Moreton, fa- voured it or not, we cannot undertake to deter;jine. ♦ 'Tis certain, he did not long enjoy his Office : For it appears by the Copies of the Original Inftruftions, fent by the Proprietaries to his Succeflbr, that in the sir Rich, following Year the Pallatine made Sir Richard Kyrlt\ Kyrle 6> Governour. He was a Gentleman of Ireland', and vermur, ^ying within the Year, Jofeph IVefi, Efq^ was again w^^^r ^^^^^''^ Governour by the Council ; and being a Man I Wctt.fi/^; ^^f ^^^^ Intereft, the Proprietaries thought fit to overmur ^onhrm him in his Government: But they turn'd out Maurice Matthews. Efq*, James Moor, Efq^ and Arthur Middleton, Eiqj from being Deputies and Councillors, for diibbeying their Orders, and fend- ing away Indians. They alfo difplac'd their Secre- tary John Moor, Efq j and put Rob* Quarry, Efq', in his l^lace. Thus we fee the latter has en joy 'd honourable Offices many Years in the American Colonies *, with the Intereft of which he muft, by this means, be very well acquainted. In Mr. IVejTs fecond Government, the Right Ho- nourable the Lord Cardroffe remov'd to Carolina^ . and, with tisn Saott Families, fettled at Port- Royal. efteem'd *tv> nlicens'd he Ram \ I prevent y Jofeph iatthewsy :tony Efqj ifc Oldys, hert Gtlosy Hoor^ Efq', we/, Efq; %rfty and Commif- Accounts. ?or-Gene- iiu'd, and concern'd oretoiiy fa- leteriJine. ce: For it I ructions J hat in the] lardKyrlt land\ and was again ingaMan ight fit to ley turn'd Efq-, and puties and and fend-l heir Secre- y, Efq-, inl Ihonourablel lies-, wi ns, be veryl Right Ho o Carolim)^ fort'Royd^ The Htflaty of Carolina. ^ efteemM the moft convenient Place in this Proflnc^ for Commerce, as beingthebeft^ort. The Lord Qr- drt^e having been dilgnfted with the Government of the Province, for fome ill Ufage he riiet with, re- turned to Scotland^ and the Spaniards difiodg'd the ScotSy who had feated themfdvffs on that fine River. This Lord was of the Houfe of Buchan^ and in King William's Reign en joy 'd the Title of Earl of Bu- chan. DifTenters continuing to come hither from all Parts of England, the Colony thriv'd and encreas'd in Numbers and Riches. James Colliton^ Efq*, of Barbadoes, Brother to Sir feter Olliton, Baronet, a Proprietary, being honour'd with the Title of Landgrave, left the Ifland he liv'd • in. and tranfported himfelf and Family to Carolina^ wnere he feated himfelf at old Charles Town, on G<»pfr-River, built a handfome Houfe there j and being made Governour, his Seat is to this Day j^ meg call'd the Governour*s Houfe. Had this Gentleman Coiliron, had as much Hononr and Capacity as his Brother Sir Ejq\ Go. fster^ we fhould have had no Occafion to excufe vawwr. onr felves for keeping to the Truth of Hiftory in his Behalf. One of his SucceflTors writes in this Manner of his Government : * The Party Governour Nlr. Arch- * Moreton had gone a great way in fupprefling, grew dale'i De- *now fo ftrong among the Common People, that/«''/>w» of * they chofe Members to oppofe whatfoever the Go- Caroling, * vemour requefted *, inlbmuch that they would not 'fettle the Militia Aft, tho their own Security de- 'pended on it, and that it would be Grounds of 'their further Strength. The Reafon of the Dif- content the Pfcople lay under, were Difputcs about the Tenure of tncir Lands, and Payment of their Quit-Rents, which were not fettled till Mr. Arch- dale's Government. Mr. Colliton call'd a Parliament, A. T). xs^j. This AfTembly not liking the Proprietaries fun- iamental Conjtitutions y and thinkina they could fup- ply the Deficiencies in them, appointed a Committee . ' to examine them : And thefc Gentlemen drew up a new Form of Government, dilfering in miny Articles from the former *, to wliich they gave thi Title of Standing Laws, and Temporary Laws. ^This Z 5 ?4S Thomas Smith, veniour. Col- Rob. Quarry G0vermur Mr. Southwell Govemour C0/.PhiIip Ludwell Covemour Thomas Smith, Efq; Go- vsrnour. r. \ < The Hiftory of Carolina. Committee were 'James CoBton^ Efq^ GovernouiE, Tarn GrimbaHy Efq*, and William Dunlop^ Efq; De- puties ^ Bernard Schiniingj 7hmai Smith, JchnFarr^ and Jofeph Blake, Efqsv Commoners. But neither the Lords Proprietaries, nor the People of Carolina accepted of them *, and thus the Fmdamtntal Cmjiitutions keep their Ground to this Day. Mr. Collitvn gave fuch Difcontent in his Admini- ftration, that he was banifli*d the Province •, a Fate few Governours of Colonies were ever fo unhappy as to meet with. Mr. Archdde tells us, Mr. Smith fucceeded Mr. Collitonj and that he fucceeded Mr. Smith \ but then the latter muft Itave been twice Govemour : For we find feveral other Gentle- men, who had that Title and Office before the Year 169^. when Mr. Archdde fays, Govemour Smith wrote over to the Proprietaries, to advife them to fend one of their Number to Carolina, For Col. Robert Quarry was Govemour about the Year 1690, hhtt)xm, Mx. SoutlmeU* And in the Year X #p2. Col. Philip LudweU held this Government. In which *tis certain, he was fucceeded by the above- mention'd Thomas Smithy Efq*, Landgrave of this Province. We are not doubtful of any Error in this Order of the Governours^ except in Mr. Southwell*s \ our Informations having been uncertain as to him. ' Mr. Smith, fays Mr. Archdale, was a wife, fo* * ber, well-living Man 1 who grew fo uneafy in the * Government, by Reafon he could not fatisfy People * in their Demands, that he wrote over, Anno 169^, ' It wot impoffible to fettle the Comtry, except a Pro' * brietarv himfelf was Jent thither, with full Power to * hear their Grievances. The Proprietaries took Governr.dr 5wi>/?'s Letter into Con fideration, and the Lord Afijley was pitch'd upon by all the Lords as a Perfbn every way qualify^d for fo good a Work *, but he defird to be excus'd, on Account of his par- ticular Affairs in England, Upon which Mr. Arch- dale was chofen by the Proprietaries, to be fent over with large and ample Powers. Which having receiv'd, he embark'd and fail'd to Parolitfo, When he he arriv*< fion, and in hop&s ( an Afleml Parliamer Speaker ; the Gove Divifions Mr. Arch ther his P ofProprie any Tenr Diforders i The Pai the Gover and all thi fees, an Ii the Spanil lifh, made ther Indiai St, Augujl to fell th had been u ofir, (ent him to bt he did. ' Itmd ind i. Governou carry ther Governou the Powe from a G was then i TheSp turn'd Mr after ano Governou done the lifh. The S{ whom tht three. vernoulEf Efq; De- ohnFarr^ t neither Carolina idamemal Admini" ;*, a Fate unhappy fucceeded '. Smith., 1 twice Gentk- e before [ovcrnour to advife iffo. For the Year I the Year tnent. In he abovc- e of this bis Order ftthweil'i \ ill as to I wife, fo- afy in the sfy People imo l69\, ■ept a Pro- Povotr to Ties took [1, and the .ords as a a Workj ^f his oar- Vlr. jv^ch- :o be fent ch having rf. When he The Hiftory of Carolina. J4j he arriv*d, and enter'd upon the Government, injohn Ah^j ^^9S' ^^ found all Matters in great Confu- Archdalc fion, and every Faftion apply'd themielves to him, ^)V» ^^' in hopes of Relief. In order to which he fummon'd '^'^^'"our, an Aflembly, and made a kind Speech to them. The Parliament chofe Jonathan Amary Efq*, to be their [Speaker ^ and having prefented a dutiful Addrefs to the Governour, proceeded to do Bufinefs. But the Divifions among them -were fo great, that had not Mr. Archdale exercis'd a great deal of Patience, nei- ther his Power as Governour, nor his higher Title of Proprietary, could have brought that Aflembly tQ " any Temper ^ which he at lau effefted, and the pifordersof the Province were remedy'd. I The Parliament prefented an Addrefs of Thanks to Jthe Govcrnour,to be tranfmitted to the ProprietaricS| faod all things ended well. In his time the Tarnmai feeSyin Indian Nation, who formerly liv'd under , the Spaniih Government, and now under the Eng- lifh, made an Incurfion into the Territories of ano* ther Indian Nation, near San^a Marla^ not far from St. Augujlinoy took feveral Prilbners, and intende4 to fell them for Slaves at Barhadoes or Jamaicay as had been ufual among them. Mr. Archdale htmnff of it, fentfor theKingof theTrt/«w/«//if^»co/o«, Englilh Indians, had kiird three. The Governour commanded that Nation, ^lui fill others depending on the £ng)ifl), to forbear ■*^ ' '■ - Zi mole!}' J44 ^^^ Wfiory of Carolina^ molefting thofe within the Spanifti Jurifdif^iba; which had fo good an EfFedt, tnat when Mri Mm Barrowj Mr. Edward Wardell, and other'Englifhmen, were afterward caft away to the Southward of jiugu- ftim^ the barbarous Indians oifer'd them no hurt jj and when they arriv'd at that Town, the Governour | fupply'd them with all Neceflarics. Col. Bull^ one of the Council, and a greater Tra- der with the Indians, engae'd that Nation which I dwelt about Cape Fear^ to lubmit to the Enelifli, who however were afraid to truft them *, for a vcflel coming from HfewEngland being ihipwrack'd on that Coaft,' the Paflengers, to the Number of j2, dc- foair'd of their Lives from thofe Barbarians^ but re- Jolv'd to defend themfelves as well as they could: Aciordingly they eptrench'd in their little Camp. The Indians came down, and by Sign«of Friendihip invited them to come forth*, which they were afraid to do. At lad, when their Provifions were almoft all fpent^ fomeofthem ventur'dout, were kindly re- ceiv'd, and furnifh'd by the Indians with Neceflaries. The King invited them to his Town, treated them J and 4 or 5 of them travelling to Charles Town, gave the Governour notice of their Misfortunes;! which hearing, he fent a Ship to fetch the reft ^ and they arriv'd (afely at the Capital o^ Carolina, In Mr. Archdale*s Time, two Indians quarrcllingl in their Drinking, one of them prefently kill'd the! other \ whofe Wife being by, immediately difmem-l lier'd the Murderer, to revenge her Husband's! Death, cutting off his Privities with a Knife. Thcl Governour happening to be near the Place where thcl ' Murder was committed, order'd the Criminal to bcl purfu'd. He was taken in a Swamp about 16 Milesl ' from the Town \ to which he was fent under a Guard.! The Nation to whom the (lain Indian belong'd, hearj ing cf his Death, their King came to Mr. yirchdalti and defii'd Juftice upon the Murderer. Some of] whofe Friends would have bought him off as ufual J but nothing lefj; than his Death would fatisfy thcl injur'd Nation •, and, according to the Cuftom of hisj own Country, the Governour order'd him to be ftiotl by the Kinfmanofthe Deccas'd. As he was leadingi to Execution, his King came to him, and bid himj vernment no more 1 ?45 TheHifiory of Carolifta. I die like a Man^ fime he mujt die^ adding, he had often forewarned him ofRum^ the Liquor Which he was drunk I with when he KilPd the Man, and now hemuftloofe hif life for not taking his Council, when he came to the Tree, he defir'd not to be tfA to it, but to ftand loofc, faying, I will not fiir when he Jhoots me, - So he was fhot in the Head, and JFell down dead. This Piece of Juftice hinder'd a War between the Nations to which thefe two Indians belong'd. The Indians inhabiting the Country about the River Pem- lico^ were almoftall confuni'd by a Peftilential Dif- eaf^ while this Governour was in Carolina *, and the Ceraninesj a bloody and barbarous People^ were mojt of them cut of by a neighbouring. Nation, In'his Time feveral Families remov'd from iVw- , l^nglandy to fettle at Carolina^ and feated themfelves on the River 5hrf e, in North Carolina, Thefe art all the Events which happen'd during Mr,Archdale"sQo- vemment, at lead he has thought fit to communicate no more to the Publick ^ and as inconfiderableas they may appear to fome Peribns, who are us'd to turn o- ver the Grxcian and Roman Hiftories, if they will give themfelves the Troible to examine the Affairs of thefe two Empires, they will find them as trivial, in the beginning at leaft, if they can diftinguifh the Hifiory from the Fable. We cannot expeft much Bufinels in the Infancy of a Colony *, ahd yet Carolina is not fo young, i)ut Faflions nave been as rampant there, as if the People had been made wanton by many Ages of Pro(pe- rity. Mr. Arthddey to ufc his own Phrafe, Returned for England, being notfentfor home. And Jofeth Blake^JoCe^h Efq*, Son of the before-mention'd Mr. Blake, being Blake become a Proprietary, was look'd upon as the fitteft ^Al ^«" Perfon to fucceed him in his Government *, in which ^'''"^'*''" Office he behav'd himPjlf to the Satisfaction of the Country, which he govern 'd with equal Prudence and Moderation. In his time Major Daniel brought from £»^/W new Conftitutions, confifting of 41 Articles, where- in as ample Provifion was made for Liberty of Con- fcience, as in the Fundamental Conflitutions. Thefe new Psimne, 546 The Hifiorj of Carolina; John £^/new Laws were call'd, the laft Fundamental Confii^t- of Bath tionsj and fign'd by John Earl ai Bothy Palatine \ Jin-, thony Lord Ajhley^ the Lord Craven^ the Lord Catta- rety the Earl of Bathj, Sit John Collltonj William Thornburgh Merchant, Thonuu ^^wjr, and Wil. Thorn- burgh \ but they were nev|r confirm'd in Parliament at Carolina. > Mr, Blakfy tho he washimfelf a Diflenter, finding there was no fettled Maintenance for the Church S England Miniiiery procur*d an Aft of Aflemblv (in which there were a great Number of DifTenters; tor the fettling a very convenient Houfe, with a CUke^ two Servants, and iso I, per Anrnm upon the Mini- fter of Charles Town for ever. Twas by his Influ? ence that Aft paft, and he gave his Aflent to it ; he, as Governour, having a negative Voice to all Bills. His Lady alfo was one of the greateft Benefa< ftors towards the Ornaments of the Church. And this Friendlhip deferv'd a more grateful Return than they met with from tibofe who fucceeded in the Go- vernment. Mr. Blake dying about the Year 1 700. after he had / been Governour 4. or 5 Years,>*the Proprietaries De- puties met, according to their Inflruftions in fuch Cafes, and proceeded to the Eleftion of a new Gover- nour \ which Poft is generally conferred on the eldeft Landgrave, if there's no Objeftion to him, and no Perfon fcnt from England with that Charafter. Jofeph MoretoH Efq^ being the eldeft Landgrave, was eiefted Governour by the Deputies : but Gapt. ^ames Moor^ one of thefc Deputies, knowing the Party he had among them, objefted acainft Mr. More- tony as if he had made a Breach of the Truft repos'd in him by the true and abfolute Lords and Proprieta- ries, by accepting of a Commiffion from King Willi- aniy to be Judge of the Admiralty, wh«n he had at the fame time a CommilTion from the I ( .us Proprie- taries for the fame Office. Tho this Objeftion was anfwer'd by Mr. Moreton's Friends ^ Tlj^t it did not appear by the Charter, the Proprietaries can impovoer any one to tr^Perfonsfor FaHi fOMmitted out of their Domlriionsy which is neceffaryfor fuch a Judge •, and the Proprietaries could not grant it i yet fpch was Mr. Moor'i Intcrell, that on thi^ .... .• J^j5 »»- The Hiftwy 0/ Carolina. J47 ^is Objeftion Mr. Moretm was fctafidc, and hisOp-C'tf/ James )ncnt Mr. Moor chofen Govcrnour. Mr. Morttm Moor Go- iform'd and complained to the Proprietaries, but^*"'^*^' ras never redrefl. From this Eleaion 1 date the Rife of all the Mif- " }rtunes that have fince befallen this Colony, and ^hat have given the Government of England fo much trouble. The Earl of Bath was dead, and his Son John Lord John Wi IratnfiUe^ lately ad vanc'd to the Houfe of Peers, was^'r^^y"'® ilatine. All the World knew how zealous that ^'^'»«»»- ;ntleman had been for promoting a Bill asainft Oc- ifional Confbrmifts in England^ and thathe fhew*d kis Averfion to Diffenterseven in the Court of Stan' fits in the Wtft^ while he was Warden. The Bit- tmefs of his Spirit appear*d inthe Speeches he made |to Ithe Reprefentatives of that Court *, and was fuch, ■ It he was not long employ'd by a Government rhich is founded on Principles of Juftice and (oderation *, which has in all things proihoted inion, and which has united the Hearts of all the ib)c£^s of the Britifli ' Empire more than all the princes could do fince the Conqutfk^ and many Ages ifore it. In an ill time therefore did this Palatine counte* nance the Divifions in Carolina^ by encouraging this bid the fucceeding Governour in their vain Endea*' pours, to eftablifh that for a Law there, which' had jn rejcfted with luch Marks of Abhorrence in Eng- vd by our Jllufirious Reprefentatives. Mr. Moor was eafily confirm'd in his new Dignity by the palatine y and as he is faid to have fought after L to enrich himlelf, fo he made ufe of it to that end, M being in mean Circumftances, iftheReprefenta- \ion of the principal Inhabitants of the Colony does pot deceive us. Let us give the Reader the proper Words, that we fiuy not be accus'd of Partiality, which we deteft in II things that hurt the Truth. But we know very ell, that Faftion will often accufe Faft of Partiali- •, and an Hiftorian may write Things true, and tt by writing the Truth only of one Side, and con- calinc what is to its Difacfvanta^e, it may give a laufible Appearance to ^ bad Caufe i \vherefore • 34' '^^ Hiftory of Carolina.' we folemnly declare, that after a full Enquiry^ we have not been able to learn any thing that, could ex{ cufe the Diforders we are about to relate, and vindi] cate the Adminiftration in Carolina^ while the Lord Granville was Palatine. Whether that Lord or h^ Governours ought to be blam'd moft, let the World jud^e. Cafe of ' Mr. Afoor^ fays the Author of the above-mention' nif in Reprefentation, having thus boldly gotten the Go Car.p.a9, vernment, refolv'd to make the beft ule of his Authc 3Q' rity, and finding himfelf too poor, with the Counti nance of his Office, to make any confiderable Profii of the Indian Trade, he laid the Defign of getting i wholly into his Power. He to that end jsrocur'd a Bill to be brought into the AflTembly, then fitting, for r gulating the Indian Trade : Which Bill was io drawn, that had it pail, he would have engrofs'd all that be neficial Commerce. But Mr. Robert Stephens^ am Mr. Nicholas Trott Twho had not then forfaken thi Country Intereft j and fome others, fo plainly fliew'i the ill Aim of that Aft, that 'twas thrown out of thi Ailembly : Which Mr. Moor diflblv'd, perceivi they would not anfwer his Ends. We do not think our felves obliged to keep to thi Words of this Reprefentation, which are too rougl in fome Places; but we |(eep religioufly to the SenfeJ and having refer'd the Reader in the Margint to oq^ Authority, he cannot fuppofe we endeavour to im pofeonhim. The Governour caird a new AflTembly about t latter end ofthe Year 1 701. Atthechoofmgofwhich , tho the Ri^ht of Elefting be in the Freeholders only, he fo influenced the Sheriffs that Strangers^ Servants^ Aliens •, »ald exI^^P^^ ^^^ Truth of it When the Governoiir was afraid any of the Mem- Ibid. ^.34. bers he was fure was in his Intereft would be turned at, on Petitions, he prorogu'd the Aflembly : And /hen at laft they were fuffer'dto fit, the Inquiry into he Sheriff of Berkley County's Return was cjfeftiru- ft:ed, by fetting on foot an ill contriv*d Deftgn of rai- the Golfi^S Forces to attack St. >^«gwyhw, a ly^rtfelonging ;o the Spaniards, to the Southward of Carolina, IF iny Member ot the AiTembly undertook to {peak a- Igainft it) and to Ihew how unable the Province was t that time to undertake fuch an Expedition, he was itefently look'd upon by him, and his Adherents, as Enemy and Traitor to his Country •, and accor- P. 35. . «.«„.. S^y revil'd and affronted *, tho the true Defign of thaVbel^^ Expedition, as the Reprefentation from cSUtm " unty tells us, was no other than catching and making ves of Indians^ for private Advantage, He would ave had this Military Enterprize been undertaken ;fore the War with Spain was proclaim'd ^ but the flfembly carry'd that in the Negative. Before we treat of this Expedition, we muftob- ve what paft further in the AiTembly. }Ax, John &, one of^ the Members, propos'd to Yayt the laft 'mddmental Confiitutions^ which Mr. Daniel brought lover, confirmed ^ but he wasoppos'dby Mt, TrottVuid. Mr. How, the Governour'* Creatures. This Mr. Trott had himfclf been Governour of Pro- ience^ i.nd behav'd himfelf fo arbitratily, that he Ifwhichl'"^** complain'd of to King William fome Years before, ers onlyl^''^^^ *"*^ ^'^ expos'd the Conftitutions as ridicu- 5^^<^^f^1lous^ and the Country was thus left in an unfettled ( and rel^^*^^^^^^"* ^' ■ There's one Article in this Reprefentation which ^s very extraordinary : That the [aid late Governour Moor did grant CommiJJions to Anthony Dod^worthf Robert Mackoone, and others y to fet vpon, ^JfaultyCoW Couw dir * whoB*'''^ defiroyy and take as many Indians as they pojfihly t)> ^fp'". ere keptl^"'^'^ i ^^^ Pre^^ and Produce of which Indian Slaves AuUle 5. , ^f t\^r^(emitre turn'd to his private Vfe. Whereas fuch Vndey takings, unjufi and barbarous in themftlveSy will in all ft hini tol'*''*^^^'''0' ^'■^^ "P'^" *** ^" Indian War, iame, as d vindi^ le Lore d or h^ World intiorf iAuthi Count le ProH ettingii :'daBill , for ri ) drawn, ens, an iken thi / fhew'i atof thi rceivi: ^ to thi K) rougl e Senie-J it to CD rto im X)Ut tl hefe Pra r. Moo/' eral int that We J 50 the Wjtory of Carolina. We have (aid enough to give an Idea of the G>ndi| tion the l^eople of Carolina were in und^r ftich a Gd vernment, and have taken it all from Memorials pre] fented by their Agents to the Lords Proprietarie The next thing that comes in our way is the War 1 Auguftino, Two thoufand Pounds were rais'd by an hd: of thj AlTembly, to defray the Charge of this Expedition] The Govemour preft as many Merchant Ships a] were necef&ry to tranfport the Troops he intended to embark \ who were order'd to rendezvous at PoA Reyd, ] The Number of Men which were lifted forthij Enterprize were x2oO)'tfoo Engliih, and tfoolndil ans. Col. Motftook the Command on himielf, aj General of all the Forces that ihould be yais'd witt the Limits of his Government. Col. ^0^. Daniel^ a very brave Man, commande a Party who were to go up the River in PerioidA and come upon AuaAino on the Land fide. whil( the Govemour (ail'd thither and attack'd it oy Sc They both fetout in Augufi^ 1701. Col. Daniel] his Way took St. John% a fivnll Spanifh Settlemtnt ; as zXio St. Mary\ another little Village, belonging to the Spaniards. After which he proceeded to ^i tujtino^ came before the Town, enter*dandtookit ^ol. ili^or not being yet arriv'd With the Fleet* The Inhabitants naving notice of die Approach ol the Engliih had pack'd up their beft Eficdb, an4 k tir*d with tkem into the Caftle, which wasfurroun< ded by a verv deep and broad Moat. They had laid up Providons there for 4.Monthi and relolv'd to defend themfelves to the laft Extremi- ty. However Col. Daniel found a confiderable B< ty in the Town. The next Day the Govemour ar riv'd, and a Council of War was immediately cali*d in which 'twas refolv'd to land. Accordingly the Govemour came afliore, and hi! Troops following him, they entrench'd, pofted theii Guards in the Church, and block'd up the Caftle. ' The Engliih held the Pofleliion of the Town a whole . Month, but Bnding they could do nothing for wantl of Mortars and Bombs, they difpatch'd away a Sloopj , ibr Jamana • but the Commander of the Sloop, in- ' itcad he Gondii iich a Gc 3rialspre| prietaru le War i \a of thi frpeditionl t Ships al ) intende(j us at Fori td forthil I tfoo Indil limfelf, s'd wit mmande 1 Periagdsl ide. wnil4 it by Daniel n ittlemtat: belonging ied to Au d took it; eet proach ol s, an4 r«| isfiirrouni Months lExtrcmi-J :abteB( emourarH tely callMJ e, and his ofted theii :he Caftle. ^n a whol g for wantl ay a Sloop' The Hijlwy of Cafolinsu Iftead of going thither, came to Carolina^ ont of Fear or Treachery. Finding others ogtr'd to go in his ftead, he proceeded in tne Voyage himfelf, after he I had lain (bme time at Gharles-Tomt, The Governour all this while lay before the Caftle I of Augufiinoy in Expectation of the Return of the Sloop: Which hearing nothing of, he fent Col. WoHtety who was the Life of the A£lion, to Jamaica^ on the fame Errand. JS« This Gentleman being hearty in the Defign. pro- cured a Supply of Boml^ and returned towards ^* \lufiino. But in the mean time two Ships appear'd lit the Offing^ which being taken to be very large Men of War, the Governour tjioueht fit to raite the Siege, I and abandon his Ships, with a great Quantity of [Stores, Ammunition, and Providon, to the Enemy. Upon which the two Men of War enter'd the Port \dl Augitjtinoy and took the Goyernour's Ships. Some (ay he burnt them himfelf. Certain it is, they were loft to the Englifti, and that he return'd to Charles-- 7«P» over Land, 300 Miles horn Augujtitto, The two Men of War that were thought to be fo large, prov'd to be two fmall Hrigats, one of 22, and 3ie jotherof x(f Guns. When Col. Daniel came back to Augufiino^ he jwas chas*d, but got away '-, and Col. Moor retreated with no great Honour homewards. The Periagas |lay at St. JohnSj whether the Governour retir'd, Itnd fo to Charles Town, having loft but two Men in the whole Expedition. Arratommakaw^ King of the TaniofeaveSy who commanded the Indiansy re- treated to the Periagas with the reft, and there flept upon his Oars, with a great deal of Bravery and Unconcern. The Governour's Soldiers taking a- falfe Alarm, and thinking the Spaniards were coming, ^ did not like this (low Pace of the Indian King in his Flight ^ and to quicken him in it, bad him make more Hafte : But he reply'd. No j tho your Go- vernour leaves you, I will not ftir till I have feen |all my Men betbre me. The Firft Reprefcntation, call'd alfo, The prefent ib. />. 50. Uate of Afairs m Carolina, refiefts a littlsi too bit Iterly on " " Affa Col. Moor on this Head •- and one would Sloop, in-Harped the Truth of what it contains, if it was not iiead con* 3?a Seethe J^refen- tatim of the Mem- bers of Colliton Cowny, The ITtfiory of Carolina.' confirm'd by the fecond. We are told there, They fent Plunder to Jamaica by their trujly Officers^ wider Colour of feehng Supplies, and fending for Bombs and Mortars. Which is a malicious Turn given by Col, Afoor*s Enemies to Col. Daniel's going to Jamaica^ who by the Difpatch he made there fliew'd he went really for Mortars ^ and had the Governour ftaid till he had return'd, the Caftle of Augujiino had perhaps now been in Englijh Hands ; for the Spaniards had not above 200 Men aboard the two Figats. This Expedition, as unfortunate as it was in it fel^ was mych more (b in the Confequence of it ^ for it brought a Debt of ^ooc /. on the Province. The Aflembly had been under ^ Prorogation' during the Governour*s Abfence, and when he rcturn'd they met. The firft thing they went upon, was to raife Money to pay off tne Debt above-mention'd, and then they took into Conlideration the Danger of tht Country, as it lay expos'd to the Southward. But while thefe Bills were paifing, another for the better regulating Elections, pafi'd the Lower Houfe twice, and was fent up to the Governour and Coun- cil, by whom *twas rejefted without (b much as a Conference. Upon which feveral of the Members, jealous of their Privileges, and being fo order'd by thofe that fent them, enter*d their Proteftationj and left the Houfe •, but return'd the next Day, offering to fit longer if the reft of the Aifembly would join with them, in aflerting their Right. The whole Aflembly confifts of but 30 Members, and ly of them protefted againft the irregular Proceedings of the Governour. Inftead of tempering Matters, when they return'd to the Houfe, they wefe abus'd and treated with the raoft fcandalous Refieftions, ter Lieut. Col. George Dearshy drew his Sword upon Thomas Smithy Efq', a Landgrave, and once Gover- nour of the Colony, threatning his Life. John uijhy Efq: a Member of the Aflembly, was not only abus'd in the Srreets bv a Company of Drunken Fellows^ but forc'd aboard a Ship belonging to Cap. Rhett, and thrcatned to be hang'd, or fent to Jamaica^ or lef on' The Hiftory of Cztolim. on (bme Defart-Ifland. Thi» Mv.ji/h is the Man who was employed as Agent for the People of Ca^ roUna^ to reprefent their Grievances in the firft Me- ' morial, caird. The ptefent State of Affairs in Carolina \ and the Perions who thus barbaroufly treated him, vrer9 George Dearsby^ Nicholas Nary^ Thomas Ddton^ and others, whom, uiys the Reprefentation ot CalU- ton County, Article XL the Govemottr had treated immediately before the Riot began^ and us*d fuch Ex' prejjions to then^ Asgavethenty next their Drink^ the ffeatejt Encouragements for what they aSted \ telling P» 30^ them, The protefiing Members would bring the People on their Heads for negUSling to pay the Country s Debts, Mterthe Riot began j of Part oj\which he Was an Eye- Witnefsy having firft drunk with Jome of them^ he withdrew himfelfout of the way. This Riot continu'd 4 or 5 Davs*, and Edmund Bellinger^ Eiq*, a Land- grave,' and Tuftice of Peace, attempting to fupprefs ^ it, was calt*a opprobrious Names by the Rioters, and Rhett can*d him for a confiderable time. The Rioters alTaulted Mr. Jofeph Boon^ a Merchant, deputed by ColUton County^ to prefent the above- mentioned Second Reprelentation to the Pala- tine and Lords Proprietaries, and put him in Dan- get and Fear of his Life, without any Provocation. The lame they didby Mr.James Byrer^ who with the reft complained to'the Governour *, and receiving no SatisBi£tion, they ask'd him, whether he did not look on himfelf, as Governour, oblig'd to keep the Peace of the Province : The Governour reply*d, That's a Quefiion I am not obliged to anjwer, tie told them, 'twasa JufticeofPeace^s Bufmefs. The Rioters went one Night to the Houfe of One John Snuthyji Butcher in Charles-Towny 2Lnd forcing . open the Door, threw down a Woman big with Qiild,andotherwifemiruringher^ Ihe brought forth ^ a dead Child, with the Back and Skull broken. Thefe Inftances are enough to (hew any Man (he Temper of this Governour and his Party •, who were the fame that ftickled fo much for the unhappy Bill we muftfpeakofin the Sequel of this Hiftory. What Ifollow'd upon this Riot^ is told us in a late Tra^, which I mall make u(e of in the Author's own Words, * As this Riot was rais*d, encourag'd, and . A a •coun- 351 ?S4 The mpry e?/ Carolina. Car. ip. ( Sir Nath '' Johnfon if9vernor. X > < '*-; Cafe of * countenanc'd by the faid Governour and Council \ ^if. in < And as no Afliftancc could bexjbtain'd to quell it, fo all Methods to enquire intd, and punifli it^ have be«n render 'd ineffcftual, and the Coarfe of Juilice intirdy. ftop'd. For Sir Nathaniel Johnfm yjts made Governour in the Room of the faid Mnr. The faid Governor Moor was preicntly made At- torney General ^ and Mx* Tro«, another of the * chief Abettors of the Riot, tlie Chief Juftice of the * Common Pleas ^ viho in this Province is. fole * Judge. Sir Nathaniel Johrtfon was General of the Leward Jflands^ in the Reign of the late King 'james v but he quitted his Government upon the * Revolution, and retir'd to Carolina^ whene he * liv'd privately till the JDeath oJFthe late KiogS^w*;. j * Upon which heiiriltooktheOathstotheGoveni* * went '^ and fonic time after Avas made Govecnoor I * of the Province. And he has fince his being Go- * vernour appointed fuch Shfx'iffs, as prevent i31 1 * Profecutions of this Riot at their AllizcsorQuar- • ter Sefiions (which are the only Courts of Juilice I '^ in this Province) where Crimes of this Nature can * be try'd v and where the bc, pnore. « ^. This ThtH^crj of Czvolm^; J55 This Anfwer had in the. laft part of it a Face of Moderation^ andfachanAirwasneceirary, becaufe an AiTembly was about being elefted. The Confpird' Vo, p, 20. WTjj as my Anther terms theni,' fan that a netp Par- Uumeni might fet ail things to ri^s again^ attd there* fore when the ttme4>f a new EleHimcame^ which^ ac- eordittg to their <^fittutio»y it- once in two Te^i'j ibeyrrfok/d to procure a Commofis JJevfe of Affiftnhty ef the fame Coptplexijon with the former, am by more HegdlPraiUces, If thefe they had ui^d in the former pleOions wovld tfqt do f heir Bufjuft^ ,their Defigns took JEffeEi \ and fuch a Commons Houfe of Affembly wot re* turt^dy as ftdfyMfwer^d their Expe&ations. ' The firft Keprefentatiba broaght over by Mr. j4Jb, informs us, That at the Ele&umfor Berkley and Cro^ wnCnmty^ theVioUnceinAir^.liAfXtt'sTtme, andall kher illegal Practices j were with inpre Violence repeated^ Mdopei^ avow'd. hy the prefettt Governour^ and hit '> *. friends, .' ''^ ";•/.. • '' ' : .Mrf,;,> The fecond Reprefentation adds, Jews, Strangers, SaOors, Servants, Neg;roes, and almojt every Frenchman Vf Craven and Berkley Counties, came down to eleSt, and their Votes were taken, and the Perfons by them voted for,Awere rttwrid by the Sheriff k , '< Tfae A(2embly/meeting,t>>i County, and feveral of the greateft Wonh and Reptatiun in Btrkley , County« prevailed with Mr. Jofeph A^ to come for England, to reprefent the miferable State of the Pro- vince to the Proprietaries. - The Faf^ion being apprehen five of their Danger tn fuch a Proceeding, did their utmoft to prevent . . , Mr*. The Hifiory of Oivolim.^ 357 Mr «4|j&*s Voyage *, and *twas not without the grea- teft Difficulty that he got away from Caroltna to f^r* , ginia^ where his Powers and Inftruftions were con- vey'd to him, as Agent for the Gentlemen and Inha* bitants above-nam'd. . « Coming to England^ he apply'd himfelf to the Lord CranvUUy then Proprietary of the Province : 2}ut finding he was entirely in the Interefls of the prevailing Party in Carnlinay he defpair*d of feeing the Grievances he came, to complain of, redrefs'd : He therefore drew up the firft Reprcfentation, often fitedin this Treatiie, printed a Sheet of it, and in- fended to go through with it*, but dy*d before he could finifli it \ and his Papers, after his Death, were betray'd into his Enemies Hands. How this Agency was lik'd in Carolina^ we may fuppofe \ and that the Author of. The Cafe of the JDiffenters in Carolina, does not impofe upon us, in telling us. The Govemour and his jigents profecuted and infultedfeveral of the Inhabitants^ and particularly. Landgrave Smi^^ otithe account of feme private Let- ters which they fent to the f aid AHi, while he was itt Virginia and England, md which were found amon^ the Papers betray* dto^ the Govemour* s Agents. Mx.AJb may probably reprefent Things with too „ - - much Partiality, efpecially if what Mr. ^chdale^Jf'^ fays of him be true *, Their firjt Jgem feem*d nota^^'^^^^ Perfon fuitably qualify d to reprefent their State hert^ net thai he wanted Wttj hut lempet. What Share the Govemour had in this Bufinefs, appcarf alio in the fame Traft, Sir Nathaniel John- '• 23- fon^ by a Chymical Wit, Zeal, and Art, tranfmuted or turn'd this Civil Difference into a religious Con* troverfy \ and fo fetting up a Standard for thofe cal* led High Church, ventur'd at all to exclude all the DifTenters out of the AfTembly, as being thofe prin- cipally that were fur a flri^ Examination into the Grounds and Cauiesof the Mifcarriagc of the Augu- I ftino Expedition. The Party did not flop here •, for on the \sh of No- vember an Aft pafV, and was fij;n'd by the Gover* nour, and the Deputies above-nam'd *, entitlV), AnA^ for ejiablijhmg Religious Worfnp in thi< PrO'^ wince, aceoxdmg to the Church of EnglatvJ', ^v^^/'r A a 3 thi 158 ^ r The Hi/lh0y of CAtoYinsL:: the ereftirtg cf Churches for thtPvbiak Worjhip ^Ged!, and alfo for. the Mnintenance of AiinifierSj om iht btulding convenient Hpufes for tinm, • Which A^ Mr. Archdale acj^uaints us, notwith- ftanding its fplendid Glofs, favourMof a pcKfecu*^ ting Spirit^ ahd dfa hauehiy^Dottiinion ovcff the Clergy it felfy forthey.ktup a High Comlntflloa Cour^ giving them Power to place and difplace MU nifters, and: a^ much in the Nature of the Hi^li Commiliion Couirt ere^^ed by King James II. in . England. Thefe G)mmi[Iioiier$ were Sir Nathaniel JoSnfonyThmae Broughtmy ^^\ Col. James Moor^ Nicholas Trotty Ei% Col. Robert CibbeSy Job How^ £iqV RsUphf tardy Efqv Col. James Risbeej CoiMeora togany Lieut. Colonel Wt/liam Rhetty William Smithy ]^, Mr^ Joht Strottdey Mr. Thmae ffubbardi Rich- ae'd Beresfordyf.(qy Mr. Robert SeabrooL Mr. Hugh fUcksy John Jifkkyy Efq*, Capp JohnGedfreyy James Serurier^^Xxi!^. Smithy Efq) and Mr. Themoi '. It will not be improper to givea Chara6^er of this James Seruriery who has been mightily employed by the prefont Government in Carolitia ^ and we cannot do it better^ ^han in ufmg the fsTme Word$ Mrs. BUkey Mqfhcriof the Proprietary^'^M' ^^^'y ^^qj writes to thc.Lbvds Proprietaries. Towards the So- tiifailicn^^fthe AbgUftino Debty atiAEi was con^iv*d^ fiff forcin^tijrc(h |n Charles T«n>«, was cenfhf d by them, for^* ^' tfrrc^, Pklfages of a S^^ni^^i^ preach'd there by him-, twdjOf Which PaiVa^e^ were not in the faid Serriion j ' kttd tiilf Hvhich was anwunted to no mbrei tlian that \tWC\iligy had a Wm Right tii, a Maintenance; meja^i'iv'dhimof fes^^^^ by Aft ofParlianient:, ^n^:9NK»^es,tfp«it0 !ii%by ati 1 Aa«6f Affembly f^m jtfclSierRea^^ wa^ his kving ^ vlfitofl Nh". Landgrave fei, when he wAsiin Caffody ' of a MeiTenger, De^rig coainiitted by the CQHlft)ons iHC^fe'and IivinaFriendryVth theDiiTenterS. .0ftb*is AiTeiSbli^ihirapie Reverend' D^vin^faj^?, VTh^adtfofne very odd andy unMifiable L^ws^ vktch ^/^ w UM hcca/on'd gre^ (e^ds and Animmishere. And ^'^^''^'^ I V J^ W^der they have inserted an ahtkd pf^ith in a tate L^,, &C. 7 r<2W70r t(itnk it wiM he'nkdj'fQX the Credit p, 62. U# Sp)*1//>tf pf fhe aurdj df Ehjftl^m ^e'rey't^ar^uch YJwtilfoHs pjouldke made ^ for admihfngthe.f v^ 0/ f/;f Twenty wer^ pever kftomto receive the Sj; utMent of the hofdU SuppcK. \ And that this furlpui taftion vVfireno Friends t6 me Church of England \% plain, by tkcir Delignt9 wreft thcEcclefiaftiCal Juiifdiaion out of the Han^^ lof the Rieht Reverend Father in God, tlenry Lofd |Bllhop of London. Mr. MarflonWin^ threatcn'd iti Col. Risbee*s Hoqfif, That at the ne^xt St^jUom of Ajf em- he Jbould fee tlpe Bijfm of \jm{!ion''synnfdiBtcn a^ . ijind of this Carolina P4Kliiment h^ m*d there. , . _. • ^r JWlfArther* 04r. Lower Hoife of'ASembly imprifonP- o7» m 4'Tof^ of the H^ufi', fine die, and\id Dtfiance to '^' T A a + th$ p. 6o, p. 58 J^o The KJfory of Carolina. the Habeas Corpus Attj tho made in Force there by an AEl of jiffeMy, The Govemour was very c^o/rrifj^ vM the Mimftery becaufe he had made Landgrave SmitW Vifity at the Hovfe of the Meffenger ^ and tf Bully laflM him caufelejly with his Whip^ and tore his Cown prom his Bach Ilii Creatures alfo mtbe Jf fembly were the occajhn of his Sufferings. If lam accQs'd of being partial in reprefenting this Matter, I an(wer, that beGdes the Memorials pub- lifh'd by the Agent of Carolina^ Mr. ArehdaU'% Tra£l and others, I have diligently inquir'd into the Truth of the Fa£^, and have not been able to learn the lead hint that makes againft it, or vindi- cates the Party that is complain'd of, and v^ere pow- erfully prote&ed by the Lord Granville \, notwith- (landing it was made out to him, that the Aflembly Ten i,p, in pailing the Occafional BiU in Carolina, hvere guilty tt. I ft. 'I ♦Xv of the mo(l notorious ill Practices, and were Men of corrupt Principles and Manners. That Bill was brougnt into the Houfe the ^th of May^ anchctfFv'd (b precipitately, that itpaft the ut half a Year afterwiM^ds paft another to repeal it, when the Houfe was fiill *, but it was loft in the Upper Houfe*, and the Govemour^ in great In- p, ^u dknation^ dijfol^d the Commons Houfe^ by the Name oftht Vnfieady jijfembly» The Society for pro- pagating tHe Goljpel injlmerica and elfewhere, meetine in St Paun Church, taking the A£fc for the Eftablifning of Religious WorOiip, &c, intoConft- deration, refoW*d not to fend or fupportany Miftio- nariei ^■ft fWin in that Provflice> till the iaid A( lo/fdM^ who jkn'd t}ie Pttit^n to tl^ Houfe of Lords'^ as Mr. Jw'aiakPerryj Mr. Jefiph faitfi JVlr. PmrSttuiff:, Mr, Chifiopher F^er^ and «)it|i^rs.' ■!.':' .' -jiij 'i •■-'.': ■ ' ' ■'' ' '^^ . Thfi ££fea of 5^hiehw)iSy after a fun hearing of th^ Caa(^ at the (ord*^ Bar. that nii6ft Honourabtt Sl^nfe, who h»v«i done fiteh great Tilings for the ii^ iciiies o( En^imd^ .voCed an Addrefs'totheQaeehi in ' ^h%]i oi thfti Rirq^^ince of Car&Urkf :' Bulthe Rea^ j^r rie!6rs, are declared TpirUmi ^^<> ^ the liege People of the (Srowh of £ff|fW, 4wrfr«?w/)o* a«d to have Ri^Ht to all the Libcrtiefs, Franchifes, rd m^'ary^- and Privileges of Englifiwtftt^ a* if tfHey were born li,tmem af- S.wLthin this Kingdom : And who by the Words of fmbki, 4 the fame Charter, are to be fubjeift tonoLaw^ Die Mar- « ^^ fuch as are confonant to Reafon, and as near i% til 1 2, t _^ jy 1^ jQ iljg Lj,^5 ^„ j Cuftorns'of Er^gland) to '^"^* *• .come to the following Refoluticx^r i * H/y?,That it is the QpSnidiloCthis Hoiife,th4f the I * Aft of the AfTembly of Carolina^ lately pafs'd there, * and fince fi^^a ^M(eaiVdhfJofi^^^pdtaGraHme^ ^ Pftlfttine, for Kim&lfy and fat' the Lord Canaretti, ' and iche Lord Crattm^ and Sir fifhttCtHamif four << Kthe Proprietociiof that Protince^ in order «> tht ^ratif^ing it, tnitUled, Jn J0 fw ^krieftMJhing^ yligious Worjhip in this Provivc^'^x^ording to fm * (jhurch of England, and for the ere^ing of Churches Yfor thepfthMW90ip difnlidng'the *Reaors or Mjiiiftfrs of thcChttrchesthcre, Isilpt K Warranted 4y the Charter ^f^hted to the Propt^e^ h tors of thatColon^, is being hot cDi«fo*fftiiit t6Rdi- *fon, repugnant to the ^aws of this Realm, andde- * ftruaivc to the CcWftitttttoft ^Seeondty^ fhat it iJ the(3ij(!hion of thisHdufe^; > That the Aa 6f the Memh\f«»r Majejfy to ufe the nwfi effethal Methods to deliver < fbtjaid Province fi em the arbitrary'OfpreJfions^ vndttl which it mn» lies '^ and to order the jMhors thereof to '-^^ofeeuted according to Ltm* To which Het M^^efly was gracioufly pleas*d to anfWer: . ^'- ■■,- ■ \ ' ■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ > r ithm\ the Honfoy for lining thefe Matters fo plainly pefinre me \ Jam very fenfiole of what great Onfequence the ^Plantations are to England, anfi^l do ail thatisl 4^ pry P : --'Ih :.v. • . , ^ .' ".. - I It fippear*d to the Hon fe, that ipme of the Pro- prietors abfolately refus*cl to join in thieie AAs. This Matter being referr'd to the Lords of the Coramittet ' of Trade, tney exaniiii'd into it ; |ind finding all the I^a£^charg'd upon the Promoteirs of thef^i BiUs, true, torefented tc Her M^jefty, the 24th of A%, 1705. Th^t the making fuch Laws is an Abuiie of the Pow«r granted to the Proprietors by their Charter, and will e a Forfeiture of iUch Power, They further hum- bly ofFer*d to her Majdly, That (he would be pleas'd to give Directions for reralTuming the fan^e into her Majefty's Hands by Scire Faciatj in her Majefty's Court of Queeffs-Ben^h. Whi^h Reprefentation was fign'd by the Right Honourable the Lord partmuth, the Honourable Mrr^ jOc/7y£(q*, Sir Philip Meadows^ WiUiam Blathwme^ Efq*, Matthew Pri9r$ Eiq, and ifohn Pollexfen^ E(q; On the xoth oi Jme^ her Majefly was pleased to approve of the faid Reprefentation *, and accordingly having declar'd the Laws mention'd therein tol)e NULL und VOID, did Order, That for the more ef&^ual Proceeding ag^inil the iaid Charter, by way of Quo Warranto^ Mr. Attorney, and Mr. Sollicitor General do inform themfelves fully concerning what utaj^be mod neceffary for effe^ing the fame. I Thus Ilthatitl lie Pro- s. This nniittef The'Hiftory of Carolina.' Thus did dur mod Gracious Sovereign hear the Crv of the Opprefs'cl, right the Innocent, and dp Juftice on the Oppreflor. For no Diftance of Court- ■ try can put any ot her Subjeds out of her Protection \ fi^fki inor no Difference of Opinion C provided they arc htfmh I kept within the Bounds of Duty and Religion; (tre- dr/Zve/' lyent her favouring alike all her People^ and doing ''''^^Iheri^tmoft to make them all happy, as the infinite rrtof ryjQod has made her Reign to her feli^ and her Enii-^ pife, in a diftinguifh'd manner. The Ailembly which pafs'd thefe two memo* ;as*d to frable Ads were diflblv'd in the followingYear, and % new one fummon'd to meet at CXr^r/'Town. At , . , —^^^ Eleftion, CfAvtn and J?^)(/o> Counties were fo J.p/^ iftrcightned by theCJualifying k^^ that they had not enwmt 120 Men to reprefent them, unlefs they would choofo a Diilenter, or a Man not fit to fit in the Aflembly. Nineteen of the Party againft the Occafionat Bill were chofen, and one Mr. Job How was «iey the In* tereftof the Go»fecreek Faction, a Branch or the for- mer. The hrewhj who were Free-holders, voted for them, being induc'd to itj by a Frenchman's » all the Ibeing fet up for a Candidate. They alfo- procur'd Js, true, iMafters of Ships, particularly Cap. 0?/f, who lay in M705. Ithe Harbour, to vote on their Side. This Eleftion ' j^% 1^** ™*^^ *" ^^^ Town, and the Faftion gave put, ind wiU BAn AiTembly was chofen, who would repeal the it hum- IChurch-ACV, and not pay the Augufiino Deb^ threat- pleas'd Ining if they did, the Houfe and Town fhould quick- »to her My be too hot to hold them. lajefly's ■ [n QUiton County, there were but 14 Men would ion was Iqualify themfelves : Therefore none of the DiiTenters "tnuutbi lappear'd, and there were but 10 Votes out of 200 (eadoxos. |itlt appeared at the Eleftion. The 10 Eleftors voted Iq*, and libr 14 Candidates, and the Sheriff return'd 10 that ■had the Majority of Votes. eas*dto I On Jan. 2. 170 s, the Memb^s met* but not c* rdin^y Inoueh to make a Houfe, and choofe a Speaker. Mr. i\ to be IsrfpEm/, one of the Members, ask'd Mr. ^^ip, in the e more loovernour's Prefence, to attend ^ but he refus'd. by way iBefore Night the Houfe was compleat. and waited )llicitor Ihi theGovernour, and ask'd if he would dire£l them ig what |to choofe a Speaker ? He anfwer*d, he thought 'twas too lafie^ but if they would venture they mull do it . . _ .. . with Thus }65 jlji^ ^ TittlJiffi^y of Gaf blina. . with fpeed, ibriic wks hot well, and 'twould endan- ger hii Healtbto fit up. So they preTently chofe Mr: SeMfMkf and pirtletvted him to nie Governour v ay the Hoofe i»<^t, die Speaker in thei Chair, and Uie Members were callVl upon to quaijfj^ ^emlelTes ; Sir did, and thxee more were ready to doi i^ and Debates arifing aboi|t Qual^ng, the Honie ad|oBrn'4« ' The Houfe meeting again, a Report was, as *ti| iaM, induftvioQ!^ foiiead, thn the Members had for- leited 50 /.a man for adjouriifng before they were! qualify'd. Mir/ .^^ and lAt,Wimngfm attended] in their Plaoef, and oSer*d to quamy themielvesH but Mr. BtrrmeU cdming with if McflT^e, the lloaf«| waited on ertp that C^il^nity hef^ng- theHt^ be it enaiiedy &c. Mti Jpk ^kvP, Speaker of the A0embly, dying (bme time afcery CoLWiUiam Mhett was choi^ in bis Place. Bat what has been ikice dQnein th^ A^airs, we kno.w not more than in ge- neral, thai! the two A£h. have been repeal'd, and the Party wh^ drove thif^^.orv with fuch Fury, hav \^ Engfaml. — c * Tis not ye|; known who will be Palatine of this Province, there being fdme Difputes in theSuccefiion. Tis fuppos'd.the Lord Qraitieii will fucceed the late loTdGrartvilley'^ho aifign'd bis Propriety to the Dvke^ TBeaHferf. . ^47 , '. \ ,. CHAR d; c J«8 The mfiwy of Carolina.' ^ CHAP. II. CeM$,inii/ig a Ge^rafUcAl Deferhtion vf Ca* rolina ; as mo ah Account of the Climm^ : Soil^ * ?ro^ud^ Trade^ Br ft Inhthitms^ J^pIS very well known, that the Province of Caro* ^ lirta has been a long time divided into two (epa- rate Governments, theonecall'diy^Mt^Ciro//;?^, and the other South Carolina \ but the latter being dUe more populous, goes generally under the Denomina- tion of Carolina^ and as fuch we have treated of it in the foregoing Pages. The Proprietaries of Nmh Carolina are the Proprietaries of South Ctrelina ^ tho the Governonrs are different, in other things they . are exaftly the fame And we Ihal! put them together in the Geographical Defcription *, as alfo in our Account of the Climate, Soil, Produft, Tradei firfl Inhabitants, &c, Carolina^ as has been faid, conuinf all the Coafl of North Americoy between ii and 3 tf Degrees of Northern Latitude. Its Breadth is not to be compu- ted. King Charles II. having granted the Proprietors all the Land Weftward in a direft Line from the a- txivemention'd Deg;rees to the South Seas. 'Tis in Length three hundred Miles. Its Situation is moft convenient for Trade, the Coaft pleafant and fafb, not ftormy, or frozen in the Winter. As to the Climate, Mr. Archdale fays of it^ Caro' ' lirta is the Northern Part of Florida, vi*. irom 3p Onter 0/CaroUna lies in about j a. Mth is about the mid* die of6\y lying Parallel with the Land of C^mm^ahd may be called the temperate Zone comparatively^ as not being pefter^d with the violent Heats of the more Southern Colonies^ or the Extremes and violent Colds of the more Northern Settlements, Its Prodtsftion anfners the Title of Florida, quia Regio eft Florida. Gtrelina North and and Sont are in A four in 5, Counties Thefii dering or verj an( Roanoke^ whom Sii This Cob New Engi Grant. ^ was more and confii tations up much, tha ther. Th it, which but they d Point, itd and NotaWi dian Natio hemarle is Hattorai^ Next toitj Nation, in mt. Next to. is the famo Mouth of River. Here fettled. T kon'd the 1 The next Ri about 2 f Lei pible of rcc U^tf/, nor River betwe River, and Name o{Chi I'tis not wor mth Carolin iRiver. The rom sp of thi 'taking ntSjtht the mid" and may lot bting Southern the more heTitli I Korth and The Hifiory of C2LXo\i^: and South is divided into <( Counties \ of which two are in North Carolina^ jUbmarle and Clarendon \ and four in Souths Craven^ ^erhley^ Collitortj and Cartarett Counties. The firft \i Alhemarle County, to the North, bor- dering on Virginia* Tis watered by udlbemarie Ri- ver i and in this Part of the Country lies the Ifland Roanoke^ where Philip AmidM and jirthw Barlow^ whom Sir Walter Rawleigh fent to Virginia^ landM. This County may be faid to belong to Vtrginiay as New England^dcc, did, which juftifies KingCW/«*s Grant. When Carolina was firft fettled, Albemarle was more planted than any of the other Counties, and confifted of near |oo Families. But the Plan- tations upon Aflfley River in time grew upon it lb much, that nioft of the Planters here remov'd thi- ther. This River is full of Creeks on both Sides of it, which for Breadth deferve the Name of Rivers, but they do not run far into the Country. At Sandy Point, it divides it felf into two Branches, Noratokt and Notaway *, and in the North Point lives an In- dian Nation, call'd the Afataromogs* Next to Al- bemarle is Pantegoe River •, between them is Cape Hattorai^ mentioned in the Hiftory of Firgima, Nejft to it is Neufe River. The Coraninesy an Indian Nation, inhabit the Country about Cape Look- cut. Next to Albemarle is Clarendon County *, in which is the famous Promontary, calPd Cape Fear^ at the Mouth of Clarendon River, call'd alfo Cape Fear River. Hereabouts a Colony fromBarbadoe! formerly fettled. The Indians in this Neighbourhood are rec- kon'd the moft barbarous of any in the Province. The next River isnam'd Waterey River, or Winyann^ about 2 y Leagues diftant from Afljhy River : Tis ca- pable of receiving large Ships, but inferior to Port \Koyal^ nor is. yet inhabited. There's -another fmall. River between this and Clarendon River call'd Wingon River, and a little Settlement honour'd with the- JName of CW/wTown, but lb thinly inhabited, that 'tis not worth taking Notice of. We come now t(» \South Carolina^ which is parted from North by Zantet River, The adjacent Country is call'd, 1^9 f ^'.. Bb Crjven J76 The Hifiorj of Carolina, Craven Coanty \ it is pretQf well inhabited by Eng* lijh and Fnmh *, of the latt«r there's a Settlement on Zantee River, and they were very inftru mental in ' the irregular Election of the Vft/teady jHfemkly, The next River to Z^tee is Sewee Riv on a Neck of Land between >^/fyand Coeper Ri-j vers, but lying moft on Cooper River, having a Creek on the North Side, and another on the South. It lies in 3 2 Dcg. 40 Min. N. Lat. 1 Lea|^ue$ from the Sea.This the only free Port in the Province, which is a greit Difcourajg^ement to it, and a vaft Injury to Trade: 'Tis jorttjy'd more for Beauty than Strength, It has tf Baftions, and a Line all round it* Towards Coom\ ■ River are Blake\ Baftion, CranvlBe Baftion, a Half Moon, and Craten Baftion. Oa the South Creckj are The Hifiory of Carolina. jyi are the Pallilades, and Mhy Baftion ^ on the North a Line ^ and feeing Ajhlty River are Cottitm Ba- ftion, Johnfon^s Covcr'd Half-Moon, with a Draw- bridge in the Line, and another in the Half*Moon, Cartarett Baftion is next to it. If all thefe Works are well made^ and can be well mann'd, we fee no Reafbn why they fhould not defend as well as beaati- fy the Town j which is a Market Town, and thither the whole Produft of the Province is brought for Sale. Neither is its Trade inconfiderable v for it deals near looo Miles into the Continent ! However, 'tis unhappy in a Bar, that admits no Ships above 200 Tuns. Its Situation is very inviting, and the Coun- try about it agreeable and fruitful: The High-ways extremely delightful, efpecially that call'd Broad'Way% which for three or four Miles make a Road and Walk, Co pfeafantly green^ that^ fays my Author, /Archd. believe «?" 'Wwr in Europe, fy aU Us Art^ can make p- 9* fipleif^y iight for the whole rear. There are (e- veral faii C««ets in the Town, and fonie very hand- feme Buildings ^ as Mr. Landgrave Smith's Houfe on the Key, with a Draw-bridge and Wharf before it \ Col. Rhett*s on the Key •, alfo Mr. Boon\ Mr. ljO£jgan*Sy Mr. Schinkirtg% and 10 ur 1 2 more, which deierve to be taken Notice of. As fur publick Edifi- ces, the Church is moft remarkable : Tis large and ftately enough *, but the Number of the ProfeBbrs of tht Anglicane Worfhip encreafing daily, the Auditory befrfl to want Room, and another Church. This is dedicated to St. Philip *, and by the A£^, which ap- pointed the High Commillion Court, 'twas enacted. That Charles Toton^ and the Neck between Cooper and Afhley River, 44 far up as the Plantation of John Bird, Gent, on Cooper River^ imlufive^ is^ and from hence- forth JhaUfor ever he a dijiintl Parifh, by the Name of St, Philip'/ in Charles Town ^ and the Church and Ca:metnf then in this Town were enafted to be the Pdfifti Church and Church- Yard of St. P/;i7/> s in Charles Town. Mr. Williams was the firft Cliurch of England Miniftcr in Carolina : A Perfon, of whom fmce Mr. Afar/ton has laid fo much, we ihall fay no more. One Mr. Warmel was lent over after him. The Reverend Mr. Samuel Mitrjhal was the firft eftabliflVd Miniftcr at Charles Town •, and his Bb i ^'uccefLr J72 See Mr. Marfton'i letter to Dr. Stan- hope, Part 2. of Cafe of Diffent, p. 58. The hliftory of Carolina.^ r SucceHbr was Mr. Edward Marfioriy the prefent Re« cVor of St. Philips-^ he | came over feven Years ago. Mr. Kendal, Minift?r *of Bermudas^ was invited to this Colony ^ arid ^Mr. Corbin^ an Acquaintance of Mr. Marfion% coming by chance, he got him fettl'd in this Province. The Society for propagating the Gofpel fent over one Mr. ThomM^ to convert the Roman Catholic^ Indians \ ' but he did not obey his MiJJton. On the con- trary. 'twa$ by his Influence on iome Men of Inte- reft here, that . Mr. Kjndd was diiplac'd : Upon which he went diftrafted. Mr. Warmell was alfo us'd fo ill by him, that he alfo dy'd .diftrafted *, and Mr. Corbin was forc'd to leave the Colony, by the caulelefs Quarrels of the Inhabitants^ in which the DitTenters had the leaft Hand. Twas by their Procurement that the lyo/. a Year, &c, was fettled on the Orthodox Minifter of this Church. The Church {lands near the cover'd Half Moon. There's a Publick Library in this Town, and a Free-School has been long talk'dof: Whether foun- ded or not, we have not learn'd. The Library is kept by the Minifter for the time being. It owes its Rife to Dr. Thomas Bray •, as do moft of the j4me- rican Libraries, for which he zealoufly folUcited Contributions in England, Not far off, by Cartarett BaJHon^ is the Presbyteri- an Meeting-houfe j of which Mr. Archibald Stobt is Minifter. Between ColUton and .AJhley Baftion is the Anabaptift Meeting-houfe. Mr. WHuam Screven Minifter. The French Church is in the Chief Street: Befides which there is a Quakers Meeting-houfe, in the Suburbs of it. properly fo call'd. on the other Side of the Draw-Bridge, in the Half Moon, teward AfiAey River. To the Southward is the Watch-houfe *, and the moft noted Plantations in the Neighbourhood of Charles Town, are Fergvfon'Sy Vnderwood% Gilbert' fun 2LndGarnett's> We may fee by this Defcription that the Town is full of Di (Tenters^ and would flourilh more, were not the Inhabitants uneafy under the C3overnnient there. For one may imagine they who tied from • • • Fpb^ The Hiftory of Carolina. England^ to avoid Perfecution, cannot be well pleas'd to meet with it in America \ nor to crofs the Atlan- ticky to live under Oppreflion abroad, while their Relations, and * Friends at home enjoy all the Blef- (ii^gs of a peaceful and gentle Adminiitration. TJiere are atleaft 2yo Families in this Town, moft of which are numerous, and many of them have 1 o or 12 Children in each *, in the whole amoun- ting to about 3000 Souls. In Charles Tovfti the Governour generally refides, the AlTemblyftt, the Courts of Judicature are held, the Publick Offices kept, and the Buiinefs of the Province is. tranfafted. The Neck of Land between Cooper and -<4/b/fj/ Ri- vers is about 4. Miles over ^ and the Banks of both of thefe are well planted. The chief Settlements on Coober River are Mathexv\ Green\ Gray\ Star" hey\ Grimbo/Ps, Dtckefon's, and IzMrd's •, the latter on Turky Creek. About a Mile from thence is the Mouth of GoofeCreeky which is alfo very well plan- ted. Here Mi*. William Corbin above-mcntion'd liv'd, and had a Congregation of Church oi England Men \ and one of the Churches propos'd to be built by the AfTembly which pafs'd the two fatal A^s we have fpoken of, was to be erefVed. Mr. Thoma^y a Mi(fionary fent by the Society be- • fore- men tion'd, fettled here, by Capt. How's and Col. iT/wr's Sollicitations •, as did Mr. Stackhohfe^ and the Reverend Dr. Lejau. Mr. Mar/ton in his Letter* to the Reverend Dr. Stanhope^ accufes Mr. Thomas of being the Occafioii of the ill Ufage that madd^ Mr. Kendal run diftra^ ftcd. He complains he never had Univerfity Edu- cation, laying, That the bed Service your Society can do this young Man^Mr, Thomas, at, to maintain himafeva Tears at one of our Vniverfities^ where he w jy better learn the Prittciples and Government of the Church of England, &c, and fame other ufeful Learning^ which I am afraid he wants. Sir John Teaman'Sy and. .Mr. Landgrave ^ f^rllcn- ger*s Plantations are here ^ as alfo Col. Gibbs\ Mr. Schinking\ and Collitoh\ Company. Between this and Back River are Col. Moor% and Col. i^arry % Plantations. m < 274 ^^^ Hiftory ef Garolinay Back Kiver fells into Cwper River, about 2 Milw above Goofnreekj and its Weftcrn Branch a littfe higher. Here another' Charch was propos'd to be built. The moft noted Plantations*are pipt. Com- tmrjg\ znd Sit Nathaniel Johftfon'Sy bordering on the .Bitony of Mt, Thomas CeUiton, We muft now take a View of j4^^ River, where we (irft meet with Mr» Landgrave Irr^'s Plantation on one (ide, and Col. Gibbs\ on the other. Mr. Ba- dens over againft Col. Godfreys •, Mr. Sitnond*s op- pofite to Dr. TrevilUan's \ and Mr. Pendarvis*% to Mr. Weft\ Mr. Colliton's to Mr. Marfial^Sy and others, almoft contiguous. This Part of the Country belongs to the Lord Shaftshury. On the South-Weft of AJhi^ River is th^ great Savana. One of the Churches intended to be ereAed in thisCoufity, was to have been built on j^fliUy River. I Vorchefier is in this Shire, bordering on CoUiton ^County. Tisa fmall Town, containing about 350 |Souls. There's a Meeting-Houfe belonging to the [independants, the Paftor of which is Mr. John ]ljfrtL Next to it is Stono River, which divides ' Berkley from Cotton County. To which we muft now proceed, obferving only that Berkley County fends ten Members to the Aflembly. The fame does, ColUton County ', which Stono River waters, and is join'd by a Cut, near Mr. Blokes Plantation, to Wadmolaw River. The *North-Eaft Parts ot this Divifion of the Province is AiIl of Indian Settlements *, and the Stono^ and otRer Rivers, form an Iftaind, caird Boones Ifland, a Urtle below Charles Town, which is well planted and inhabited. The two chief Rivers in this County are North Edi/tom, and South Edijtorv. At the Mouth o*^ the latter is Col. Paul CrimholCs Plantation •, and for two or three Miksup the River, the Plantations are thick on both fides, as they continue for three or four Miles higher on the North-fide, and branching there, the River meets with the North Edifim, Two Miles higher is Wilton, by fome caird New London, a little Town, confifting of about So Hollies. Landgrave Moreton, Mr. Blake, Mr. Boon^ Boon, La ters, hav is Sir Joii AChu of the 5 taken effe rote in ] Orthodoi Williams Cartare nerally e ftnt Part are diftir Southward joining v Uland£<^ TheC« by the Wi There's a firftEngli hereabout trary, bee fineft ia Fi ards to di TheSc but were IS has be< 20 Leagu Degrees, * Entrance, Harbour Eing, and le to the by variouj Port is no a great Cv tiement is Next C( t^o *, whic Horida, The Ail ful, of a i; ^en times a vaft Qiia Boorjf The Hifiory of drolina. J7| BoMy Landgrave jixttl^ and other confiderable Plan^ ters, have Settlements in this Neighbourhood, which is Sir JoJ!wa///ft>»'s Precinft.- A Church was to have been built on the Southfidb of the Stomy had that ProjeA gone on, and the hOs. taken effe^l* This County has 200 Freeholders, that rote in Eleftion for Parliament Men. There's an Orthodox Church in this Precin£^, of which Mr. Williams is Minifter. Cartarett Conni^ \i not yet inhabited, but is ge- nerally efteem'd to be the mod fruitful and plea- ftnt Part of the Province j this and Coto» County are diftingui(h'd frpm the other by the Name of the Southward. In it is the great River Camb(tge^ which joining with the River May^ forms with^ the Sea Uiaind Edelatw. The Country upon the River M^ was inhabited bj the H^efipetj an Indian Nation already mentioned. There's a pleafant Lake and Valley in it *, and the firil EngUih that came to Carclina^ thought of fettling hereabouts \ but the Indians advis'd them to the con- trary, becaufe the Harbour of ?ort Royal was th^ fineft in Florida^ and would have tempted the Spani- ards to difturb them. The Scots fettled heire, under the Lord Cardrtfs^ but were (oon forc*d to abandon their Settlements, AS has been elfewhere hinted. Port RoydKw^T Vx^i 20 Leagues from AJhl^ River, to the South, in 3 1 Degrees, 45 Minutes, l^rth Latitude. It has a bold Entrance, 17 Foot low Water on the Bar. The Harbour is large, commodious, and fafe for Ship- ping, and runs into a fine fruitful Country, prefera- _lc to the other Parts of Carolina, It foends its felf, by various Branches, into other large Rivers. Tliis Port is not 200 Miles from Augufiino^ and would be a great Curb to the Spaniards there, where their Set» tlement is not very confiderable. Next to it is the River of Ma^y and then San Mat- tto \ which is the laft of any Note in the Englifli Vlorida^ a Name this Province highly defer ves. The Air of this Country is healthy, and Soil fruit- Arch.f f i ful, of a landy Mould, which near the Sea appears ren times more barren than it proves to be. There's a vail Quantity of Vines in many Parts on the Coafts, ■ . ^b-^ bearing I 376 T* 9. M The Hfftory of CzroYma.. bearing abundance of Grapes, where one would wonder they fhould get Nourifhment. Within Land the Soil is more uiix*d with a blackiHi Mould, and its Foundation generally Clay, good for Bricks. Its Produ£ls are the chief Trade of the Inhabitants, who (end it abroaij, according as the Market offers •, and 'tis ih demand in [America or Europe, But the chief Commerce from hence is to Jamaica^ Barba- doeSf and the Leward Iflands. Yet their Trade to England is very much encreas'd •, for notwithftajding all the Difcouragenients the People lie under, fevcn- teen Ships came laft Year, feden from Carmnoj with Rice, Skins, Pitch, and Tar, .in the nrjg^ima Fleet, befides ftragling Ships. Its principal Commodities are Provifions, as Beef, Pork, Corn, Peafe, Butter, Tallow, Hides, Tann'd Leather, Hogfhead and Barrel Staves, Hoops, Cot- ton, Silk ^ beHdes what they fend for England, Their Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, Plants, and Ani- mals, are much the fame with thofe in nrginla , in which Hiftory may be feen a large Account of them : But fince Mr. Archdale has been a little parti- cular in his, and has added a fliort Defcription of the Natives, &c, we will communicate what he fays to die deader. * Tis beautify'd with odoriferous Woods, green all * the Year \ as Pine, Cedar, and Cyprefs. 'tis natu- * rally fertile, and eafy to manure. Were the Inha- * bitantsjnduftrious. Riches would flow in upon * them^for lam (atisfy'd, a Perfon with joo/. dif- ^ creetly laid out in England^ and again prudently * managVl in Carolina^ ihali in a few Years live in as 'muchPlenty, as a Man of 3 00/. zX^dit \r\ England^ * and if he continues careful, not covetous, ftiall in- ' creafe to great Riches, as many there are already ' WitnefTes, and many moremight have been, if * Luxury and Ijiteriipcrance had not ended their * Days. * As to the Air, 'tis always ferene, and agreeable to * any Conflitutions, as the firft Planters eitperienc'd. * Triei t's fcldom any raging Sicknefs, but what is * brought, from the Southern Colonics j as the late * Sicknvft was, which rag*d,^.Z). 170*. a'lid carry'd *• . ■ * > ' - . • e^. Beyond thefe are beautiful Vales, * cloath'd with green Herbs, and a continual Ver- *■ dnre^ caus*d by the refrefhing Rivulets that run * diroughthem. There are a great many Thickets, * which produce abundance of Simples. Thelndi- ' ans make ufe of them for the Cure of their Dif- * eafes. There are alfo Sarfaparilla, Cafiia Trees, * Gumms, and Rolin, very good for Wounds and *■ Bruifes *, and fuch a prodigious Quantity of Ho- * ncy, which tlje Bees njake every where, that the f' Store of it is not to be cxhaufted. Of this they '*• make excellent Spirits, and Mead as good as Ma* *" laga Sack. The Bees fwarm Bve or fix times. * There's a kind of Tree, from which there runs * an Oil of exttaordinary Virtue, for Curing * Wounds. And another Tree, which yields a *- Balm, thought to be fcarce interiour to that of * Mecca, Silk is come to a great Improvement here, feme 7*f JWjf cry «/ Carolina. 579 FAmtlics makine 40 or yo Poand k Year, and theif Plantation Work «iot n«gle6bed, their little Negro Children beingiiBrviceable in feeding the Silk-Worms. And we muft do Sir Nathaniel Ji>hnfini^e Juftice, to own he has been the principal Promoter of this Iffiprovement, u alio ot Vineyards. H« makes yearly j or 400 L in Silk only. But 'tis objeaed^ Since the Qimate is fo proper, lince Grapes are (o plentiful, and the Wine they make fo good, why is there not more of it ? Why do we not ws Tome 01 it ? To which I anfwer, That the Inhabitants cither think they can turn dieir Hands to a more profitable Culture, or inipofe upon us in th«ir Reports *, for I moM not think them Sa weak, as to negle£t ma-^ king good Wine, and enough of it, if they could, ancTthought it worth their while. They manufafture their Silk with Wool, and make Druggets. The French Proteftants have fet up a Linnen Manufacture *, and good Epmalls are madehere. A French Dancing-Mailer fettling in G'ltftffyf Coun- ty, taught the Indians Country-Dances, to play on the Flute and Hautboit, and got a eood Eiiate *, for it feenn the Barbarians encourag'd him with the (ame Extravagance, as we do the Dancers, Singers, and Fidlers, his Countrymen. Tho we have faid enough of the r fince we Hnd Mr. Archdde fpeaks of them in parti- cular, let the Reader fee whet he has &id of 'cm. ^ *• Providence was viftble in thinning the Indians, * to make Room for the EngUfh. There were two *• potent Nations, the Weftoes and SaramiaSy who ^ broke out into an uftial Civil War before the Eng- ' liih arriv'd ^ and from many Thouiands redncM * themfelves to a fmali Number. The moil cruel ' • of them, the Wejtoes^ were driven out of the Pro- ^ vince ; and the Sararmas continued good Friends. *• and ufeful Neighbours to the Englifh. It pleas'd ' God alfo to (end unafual Sicknefl]^ amons them ', *• as the Small-Pox, &c. The Pemlico Indians in P. 2, 3. • tlorth Carolina^ were lately fwept away by a Pefti- ' Icnce *, and the Carmim^ by War. The Natives ^.k : are ?8o The. Wfiory of CarolinaE * are ibmewhat tawny, occafion'd chiefly by oiUng * their Skins, and by the naked Rays of the Sun. They *are generally ftreight body'd, comely in Perfon, * quick of Apprehenfion, and great Hunters *, by which ^ they are no(only very ferviceable^ by killing Deer, ^ to procure Skins for Trade with us \ but thofe thit •live in Country-Plantations procure of them the ' whole Deer's Flefh,and they will bring it manyMiles ^ for the Value ofjibout ed. and a wild Turkey of * 40 Popnd, for the Value of a d, ^ s They have learn'd one of their worft Vices of the Englifh, which is. Drinking^ knd that occaflons Quarrels among them, one of which we have menti- oned in the time of Mr. jirchdale's Government. 1 ~ to what he would excite us, to their Converflon to Chriftianity, 'tis a Projeft which, like a great many other very good ones, we rather wilh than hope to fee eflfe£ted. Mr. Thomas was Pent to inftrnd the Tamimfees in theChrif^an Religion, and had an Allowance of j6 /. a Year from the before-mention*d Society,be(ides other Allowances : But finding it an improper Seafon;. his .Miflion is refpited *, the Reafon is, thofe Indians re- volted to the Englifh from the Spaniards \ and not be- ing willing to embrace CItf illianity, 'tis fear'd they would return to their old Confederates, if any means were made u fe of to that purpofe. ^ This Country is in a very flouri(hlng Condition \ -the Families are very large, in fome are lo or 1 2 Chil- dren *, and the Number of Souls in all is computed to be 1 2 000. The Children are fet to Work at a Years old. ^The ordinary Women take care of Cows, Hogs, and other fmall Cattle, make Butter and Cheefe, fpih Cotto(j and Flax, help tolbwand reap Corn, wind Silk from the Worms, gather Fruit, and look after the Houfe. Tis pity this People ftiould notbeeafy in their Government-, for all their Induftry^ all the Advantages of the Climate, SoiL and Situation /or Trade, will be ufelefs to them, ifthey live under .Opprcflion ^ and Penfylvattia will have no occafion to complain, that ftie tempts away her Inhabitants *, being a new Beauty, a fairer, and confequently a powerful Rival. 'WU1I; We The Kifiory of Carolina. We fliall conclude this Hiftory and Account of Carolina^ with a Lift of the prefent Proprietaries, and chief Officers of this Colony. William Lord Craven. "* Henry Duke of Beaufort^ The Honourable Maurice ^/*y^ Efq; Brother to \- \ the Earl ox^aftshury^ John Lord, Car^aretty Sir John Collitony Baronet, JofephBldkcy Efq*, John jirchdale^ Efqj Nicholas Trotu Efq i J / -- ; Sir Natk Johnfon^ Governour, Sallary 200 /,a Year, J8V ^Proprietaries. ^Counfellors. Col. James Moor^ Col.Thomas Broughton^ Col Rob. Gihbsy Mu Nich. Trotty Mr. • Wordy Mr, Hen. Nobhy J Speaker of the Aflembly, William Rhetty Efq> The Secretary, ■ ■ 1 Wardy Efq^ His Salary tfo/. a Year. The Chief Jufticc, Mr. Trotty so /. - C The Judge of the Admiralty-Court, Col. James Surveyor General, HoWy Efq^ 40 /. Attorney General, Col. James Moory 60 /. Receiver General, the fame, 60 L \' Naval Officer, Mr. Trotty 40 /. Colleftor of the Cuftoms, Col. Thorn, a Broughton, - Agent for the Colony in England^ Mr. Jofeph Boone, f ■St- THE jS* THE HISTORY OF HUDSON'S'BAK CONTAINING An Account of its Difcovery and Settle- ment, the Progrefs of it, and the pre- fent State ; of the Indism^ Trade, and every thing elfe relating to it. T I WAS in the Reign of Queen Elk/Aeth^ that all the Emijb Dominions on the Continent of Ameriia were diicoTer'ci, except Hiidfm*% Streights \ which being the mod Northerly, AkmiUI have been treated S firft, and put at the Head of the other Settlements*, but the Frtnch have a large Dominion between the EngUjh at Hudfm\ Bay^ and thole zzNup Bngiand : And befides tnere being no Towns nor Plantations in this Country, but two or three poor Forts to de- fend the Factories, we thoueht we were at Liberty Co place it where we pleas'i^ and were loath to let our Hifiory open with the Dsicription of fo miferable a Wilder [lefs^ and fo wretched a Colony. For as rich as the Trade to theie Parts have been or may be, the way of Living is fuch, that we cannot reckon any Man happy, whole Lot is cafl upon this Bay. V In Tbemfior^of HudfinVBay. In th6 Yesr 1 57^* Cap. Martin Frtbijber macb his firft Voyage for the Difcovery of t Paffitge to Ontia and Cmay by the Norths Wcfl ; and on &e i2tli of Jme he aifcover'^ Tierrade Labrador^ iki ^3 Degjrees s Minutesi and entered t Streight, which is call'd hy his Name. On the tft of October he rettim'd to England* In the foHowing Year, he went a fecond time on the kmt Difcovery, • came to the 4nie Streight, and tis*d alt pofilble Means to bring ti^e Natives to Trade, or give him fbme Account of themfelves ^ but they were (b wild, that they only ftudy'd to dcftrOY the Englijh. Qip. Frobififr ftay*d here till Winter drew on^ and then he returned to England. He made the (ame Vpyage the following Year, and with the like Success. Six Years afterwards, A, D. i$%%, John David faird from Dartmouth on the fame Adventure, came into the Latitude of 54 Degrees i s Minutes, and pro- ceeded to 6€ Degrees 40 Minutes. In the Year enfn- ing, he ran to 66 Degrees 20 Minutes, and coafted Southward again to 55 Degrees. Sailing thence in f 4. Degrees, he found an open Sea tending Weftward, which he hop'd might be the PalTage fo long (ought for \ but the Weather proving tempeftuous, he re- turn*dto£i/^W. In Oclobery the nei$ Year, he- did the fame. Afker which there were no more Adventures this way, till the Year 1507. when Oip, Henry ffudfon difcover'd as far as 80 Deer^ 2$ Minutes : At the Mention of which, the Reader will almofl; freeze as the Writer does *, for that Country is fo pro- digtoufly cold, that Nature is never impregnated by the Sun ', or rather, her barren Womb produces nothing for the Subfiftance of Man. In iffos. he (et out agjiin *, and, having added little to his for- mer Difcoveries, return'd. Two Years after which. ji,D, Iff 10. he again undertook a Voyage to find out the North- Well Paffage, proceeded 100 Leagues farther than any Man had done before him, till he could not go forward for Ice and Shoil Water \ and finding himfelf imbay'd, he re(blv*d to winter there. In the Spring, A. D, iffi i. purfuing a further Difco- very, he ancHeven more of his Company were feiz'J, the reft ot his Men put into all open Boat, and com • mirtei jij Tie If^^opy of UudCon's Bsiy. fflttted to the Mercy of the Waves ahd Savages. By one or ihe other of which he peri(h*d, dearly purcha- finff the Honoor of having this large Streight and Bay calrd after bis Name. 'We know 'tis pretended, that a Dane made the tMfcovery 6f this Streight, and that he caird it Chn- /timoy from the King of Dtntnark^ Chrifiiem the IVth. thenreijgning.. Bat Cap. /fi/^;i was tlf^ Man who difcover'tfit to the Engfipj and ifvho indeed firft fail'd fo near the Bottom of the Bay, as he did with* in a Degree or two. The (ame Year that he dy*d. Sir Thoffuu Sutton^ at the Infiigation of Prince Hemy^ porfu'd the (ame Difcovery. He pafs'd Hudfm\ Streights, and leaving Hudfm*s-Bay to the South, fettled a^ve 200 Leagues to the south- Weft, and difcover'd a great G)ntinent, by him c^ird New-Wales, He wintered at the Place afterwards call'd Part Nelfm^ carefully fearch'd all the Bay, from him caird Button^sBay^ and returned to Digg's Ifland. In 15H?, .Mr. Baffin enter'd Sir Thenuu Smith's Bay, in 78 Degrees, andreturn'd defpairing to find any Paflage that way. Thus we fee all the Adventures made to the North Weft, were in Hopes of pafling to China •, but that is a Difcovery Is latent as the Phiiofophers Stone, the idrpctual Motion, or the Longitude. ' In itfji. Cap. James fail'd to the North- Weft, and rovins up and down in thofe Seas, arriv'd at Charlton Ifland, where 4ie winter'd in 52 Degrees, much beyond Hudfon, Button^ .and Baffin, Cap. Fox went out this Year on the fame Account, but pro* cccdcf^ no further than Port Nelfon, The Civil Wars in Englmd put Difcoveries out of Mens Heads *, the Bold had other Work cut out for them ^ and we hear of no more fuch Adventures till the Year 1667. when Zachariah GUlamy in the Nonfuch Ketch, pafs'd thro Hudfrn's Streights, and then into Bajfin\ Bay to 7 J Degrees ^ and thence Southward into )i Degrees*, wherein a River, after- wards call'd Prince Rupert''3 River, he had a friendly Correfpondenca with the Natives, built a Fort, nam'd it Charles Fort^ and return'd with Succefs. The The Hfftorj of HudfonV Bay. Th? Occafion iAO:fiam*s going was this : MonHcar Kadifan and Monlient Goofilier^ two Frtnchrmen^ meeting with (bm^ Savages in the Lzk^df Ajfmpmali^ in Canada^ they learnt of thera that they'niigbtjgo by LM^d to the Bottoni of the Bs^. where the Un^tfir Had not yet been. Upon which they defir*d them tQ cbndiift them thither^nd the Savages accordingly did i^ The two Frenclhrnen return'd to tiie upper Lak^ the (ame way they came, and thence to Qjiebec^ the Capital of Canada ^ wher^ they ofier*d the principal Merchants to carry Ships to Hudfon's-JSayy out their l^fpje£t was rejefted. ThenCe th^y went to Franfe^ in ndpes of a more favourable Hearing at Court ^ but after, prefenti^ feveral Memorials, and /pending a. great deal of Time and Money, they were anfwer'd ^s they had been itQuehecj and their Proje£^ look'd upon as Chimerical. The King of England's AmbaP fador at Paris^ hearing what Propolals they had m^de, imagined he ihould do his Couutry gocd Ser- vice, in engaging them to ferve the EngUlhy who had already Pretences to the Bay : So he perfwaded them to go tor London \ where they met with a favourable Reception from fome Men of Quality, Merchants, and others, who employ*d Gitlam before-mention'd, a New England Captain, in the Voyage *, and Radifon and Goofeiier accompanying, they arriv'd at the Bot- tom of the Bay, and fucceeded as we have hinted al- ready. When GiUam returned, the Adventurers concerned in fitting him our, apply'd themfelves to King Charles the lid. for a Pattent \ who granted one to them and their Succeflbrs, for the Bay call'd Hudfin*s-Bitv^ and the Streights call'd Hudfon^Strcights. The Pattent bears Date the ad. of May^ in the a 2d. Year of that King's Reign, ^. D, 1570. The fir ft Proprietors or Company, call'd the Hud' jm'i'Bay Company t were. iH I'rince Rupert. S'ajawes Hayes, Mr. William Young. Mr. Gerard lVejim,ins. Mr. Richar^CradocL Mr. John Letton. Chrijhphcr Wrcnn^ Efq*, Mr. NtMoi Hi)ivard. Cc TU I The* Bay lie* from s^ Dfcgte^s North Lafitude tp 1 Degjrecs, and,is Id Degriics, or tfoo Milti in tngth.-- ■ ■;■• ' ' , '\.^'^ ' ' E'Jore we procec3* any futther In the Hiftory, It will not be fn^prbpef to ^iVe an Account of' the r:ountiy, 0imate, Produft, Trade, and Mabi- hnts. "-"'': The Mouth of the Streight^, which is in aboat ^ pegrecs Nbtth" Latitude, is i^tcagtres over. At the Mouth' *s an Ifland, called ktfvlvtion. Chatlts iriand, S^*fW^ Ifland, 2ind NotthMhdfn^ areifithe SWtights, znA MimfiHd Ifland in the Mouth of the Hudfon\ Shtights, tvhich kad to the Bay, arc a- boUt 1 20 Leagues in Length \ the Land pn bothiSides inhabited by Savages, of whom we have little or n6 Kllowledge. The South Coaft is known by the Name fef tbfe Tieihra Labarador, the Nurth by as many Names as « Men of feveral Nations have been there, aAd pretended tf the ire *- 1 Sides ornb Name rtiajiy there- 5 Weft sment, •y goes lere is broad- eagues The Hiftm of HudfonV Bay. runs into the River of Canadayto Rnpert^% Rivef j at the Bottom of Hudfwfs-Bay^ is not above i;6 Miles. .^MMyM; At Bupert's River, the £;»//>& tuilt their firft Forv which they C9\\ Charles Vo%%, They never had any Towns or Plantations here^ and probably never Will. They liv» within their Forts in little Hoqfes, or Hatts, wherein the Builders confider nothing tut to defend them from the Cold and Rains, tho they are not fo much diilurVd by the latter as by the former* There's aa Ifland about y or tf Leagues from the W^fi Main, caird the Uttle Ratfy J/iCy it being a meer Heap of Rock* and Stones, with (bme fmall B^ufli-Wood gr^^iifg upon it, , Tis fuppos*d to overflow wiihr great North Weft Winds, which make a High-Tide all over the Bay. In this Ifle is plenty of Ga{l§ and Sea Swallows. About 3 Miles from the South 'South-Eaft Part of the Ifland, lies a dangerous Reaf of Sand, which is dry at Low- Water. Charlton Ifland is a light white S4nd, cover'd over with a white Mofs, full of Trees, Juniper and Spruce, tho not very large. This Ifle affords a beautiful Pro- iped to fuch as make it in the Spring, after a long Voyage of 3 or 4 Months, in the moft clan gerous Seas in t-he World, occaiion'd by the vaft Mountains of Ice, which drive, in the Bay and Streights *, againft which, if Ships happen to ftrike, they are daih'd in Pieces as certainly as if they ran againft Rocks : For indeed they are Recks congeal'd, or rather petrify'd by the Violence of the continual Frofts. To fee one Day the Shear on the IVefi Main bare, the Mountains cover'd with Snow, and Nature look- ing like a Carcafs frozen to Death *, and the next to behold Charlton Ifland fpread with Trees, and the Branches making as it were a green Tuft of the whole, is a Surprize, that mud give the greatelt Piea- fure after the Fatigues of an intolkrable Winter Voyage. The Air even at the Bottom of the Bay, tho by the Latitude 'tis nearer the Sun than London^ being but in y I Degrees, is exceiiive cold for p Months, tho other three Months very hot, but on a North- Weft Wind. C c a Thip J87 J 88 Tfjetfiparyo/Hadibn^'t^y. The Soilon the £i?y?i^^/»>/aswella§theWcft; bears no manner of Grain. Some Fruits, Gooft)^ berries, Strawberries, and PewOtter-berrie«, grow about Wrice Xw/jerf's River. The Commodities for Trade here, are Gunsj Powder, Shot, Cloth, Hatchets, Kettles, Tobacco, &ei ivhich the EffgUJh exchange with the Jruliafts forFurfs, Beavers, Martin, F6jf,,Moofe, ana other Peltry V and this Curiotis;y^p have any Tafte of Commerce, wiH not think it a ©igreffion to irifert a Standard of Trade, which the Hudfon*%-Bay Com- Atiy'fit^ abotit -2^ Years ago \ ■ «nd by .which liiay )e, feen what Advantage they made of this Trafficki This Paper beiAg put into irty Hands,' amoi^^ 6- thers relating to the Affairs of the Company, is as follows* - . i -The STANDARD how the CV/wp^iwy*/ Goods t muft be bartcr'd in the Swthetn Part of the Bc^J ■ Guns. One with the other i o good Skim \ that ii^ Winter Beaver \ 1 1 Skins for the biggejt fort^ I o for the mean^ and 8 for thi jmallefi. Powder. j4 Beaver for half a Pound. Shot. yi Beaver for four Pounds. '^ / Hatchets. j4 Beaver for a great and little Hatchtt. Knives. A Beaver for 6 great Knives^ or 8 Jack Knives, Beads. j4 Beaver for half a Pound of Beads, lac'd Coats. Six Beavers for one good Lac'd Coat. l^lairi Coats. Five Beaver Skim for one Red Plain Coat, } for VVomen^ Lac'd^ 2 lards^ 6 Beavers, For Women^ Plain, 5 Beavers, ul Beaver for one Pound. A Beaver for a large Powder'Horn ar{d two fmall ones, A Beaver for one Pound of Kettle, Coats. Coats. Tobacco. powder- Horns. Kettlfs. Looking GlalTcs and Coiiibs. Two Skins, 'Tis plain by this Standard the Company got pro- digiouily, and hadihey traded much, their Auftions nvght have been now 3 00 per Cent, as they were once \ but their Returns were fmalJ, and their Charges great: Tk Hifiarx of HudfonV Bay. great : Teh thoufaijd Beavers in alitheirFa^lories was bae of the beft Years 39? 394 ThiMlfiAy(ifMid^bt}?£B^ The Indians wentto bailding their AV > ji^isi n^tr the Fort, and raised their Wat^eohe^iij or Fort, iio near the Englifb, that the Palifadoes join'd. One of thofe Bar&rians being jealous of his Wife^ and findiogher in the Fort, poll*d out a Hktchet, which he^hkd hidden under Kis Coaf, and gave her a de(pe^ rate Wound in the Hfead ^ - but (he did not die of it, ^he t Indian feating the Govemoiir wou'd punifh him for ftriking in the Fort, iiedto the Woods. Upon which -Mr. Bdify order'd that ho Indian, but King Cuffudiddhj and his chief Courtiers, ihould be adn^itted into the Fort^ and a Watch was fet upon theGate. As the Ice gre^< rotten and melted, the Indians who ventured on the Rivers fell frequently in ^ but they all fwam like Ducks, and feldoni or never werf any of them drown'd. The gr^at Thaw began a- bout- the 2oth of jipril, ind then all the EngUln ha- ying fpent their Beer, Ind Winter-Liquor, returned to drinking of Water. Geefe and SWans were now to be had, and that fupply'd in fonie meafiire their Want of Provifion. Tne vGovernour having been cheated by the Indians tt Feint Comfort^ in his Mocfe Flejb^ went thither, and obliged them to make Satisfa^ion. , • On the 2pth oiMay^ x2 Indians, Snbje£ts to Ring Qifcudidahy came in' feven Ganoos, and the King ' meeting them, conduced them to the Fort^ where they tdd him, there would beiew or no Vplmd \n^ dians come to trade that Sealbff, the French having periWaded them to come to Canada : However Mr. Baity order'd the Sloop to be got ready, and refoly'd to go up the River. Upon the Arrival of this newComoany, among whom was the King's Brother, a Feaft was made ^ • the Manner of which was this ^ They all fat down to* get%r, and one Man, a Kinfman of the King'>?, broke the Meat and Fat in fmall Pieces, according to the Number of Men there. After a (hort Speech niade by the King, the Subffcancc of which was, for them to take Courage againfl their Enemies, and o- thcr Stories. The Company fhouted, and then the . Man who broke, diftributed the Meat about to %\mh they crying, Qh! fio! as much as to fay, / indo- ;nthe ut to ray, f The Hiftoiy o/Hodfon^jf Bay.' ' , ihnitlk you, Tis incredible, to tell l^e ^buhdanw of fat Beaver, Moofe Flefh, and^ K^t, tliey cattor geiher with the Broath, and Rjt:;is black asi Inkk which they drink. Then every Man had a fmali Piece of Tobacco diftributcd to him, and th^ all fell to Smoaking. Some afterwaji[;4$ danc*d, &me fudg, and a Man beat a Drum, which was a SKia put over a Kettle,, and lac'd a-thwaxt. They conti- nue this commonly all Night, ar\d when they go home, carry, what Meat is left to their Sqwaws, i^ being very rare for them to admit the Women ^9 their Feafts. On the 22d of Mmj the Indians at their Wig- wams, near the Fort, had a Paipv^ii', orfortofConJ- juring ■, which is thus, There's a fmall Tower built, with M^'^^ Sticks, about 8 Foot high, the Top being (^ ''l^eMphry'df HirdfoiiV. Bay. Ibft Men ^ aiidriti this Extremrty of Sorrow, they •tvfeue f6Da rcSViVd by the Sight of y EngUinmen, ^Bvhbm they had not feen before, and from whom ^ey underftood, the Prime kuperty Capt. Gillam Commander, was arriv'd, with the new Gover- ynoar ^ WiUiam Lyddal^^^cCi Wil. Lyd-r The next Day the old GoVemour, and Mr. Gorfi^ dal £/^ iaird for Point Comfm^ where the Shaftsburyy Capt. Covemour Shepherd Commander, arriv'd alfo from England* -And the new Governour's Commillion and Inftru- ilions being read^ all Hands fet to work, to refit and load the Ships homq as foon as pofiible. On the i; 8th of 5rprf/»lrtfr Mr. Xy^/^d/ landed, and •took Poileflion of the Fort, the Colours flying, and Guns firing, to falute him. Mr. Baily deliver'd him the Pattent, aiid aftet that he was no more call'd Go* vernour. Mr. Lyddal finding the Seafon would be fo far fpent, before the Ships could be unloaden and loa* den again, that it would be impracticable to return *, after feveral Councils, *twas rcfolv'd, they fhould Winter at Rubert\ River*, and Capt. Gillam^ and Capt. Shepherd's Ships Crews were employed to cut Timber, to build Houfes for them, as alfo a Brew- houfe and Bake-houfe in the Fort. The Provifions they brought, fell very (hortof the Complement of Men that were to be fed by them. Thejj had 30 Men to feed in the Fort, and in the Houfes 1 and but xo Months Bread for them, at J Pound of Flower a Head weekly, which was not e- nough to laft them all the Winter at Land, and victual their Ships too. Mr. Corfi^ who was their . Store-keeper, foon brought them to [fiort Allowance , to husband their Store , but the Men murmur'd ^ and Mr. Lyddal ordcr'd they fhould have full Al- lowance, laying, If we fiarve, we'll ftarve altoge- ther. By this means they were reduc'd to great Streights, and forc'd to pinch harder than they needed have done, had they been got)d Husband* of I their Bread at tirit. Such was the State of this Infant Settlement, and it has not mended nuich fince*, for Want and Cold have every Ycjr endangered liic Lives of all that have r been there. : ^ Be- The Hifiorj (?/HudfonV Bay. Before we proceed in our Hiftory, we (hall coiA- municate to the Reader a fmall Di^Honary of the Ijinguage of the Indians at the Bottom of the Bay, which is like the reft diftinguilh'd hy feveral Dialers, kilt this is the Cufcudidah's, 401 Ardkana^ Bread. jifiam^ Come hither. j4ffmne. Shot. iptt^ a Fire-Steel. Arremitogify^ to fpeakt A Notch, prefently. Ojickahigon, a Hatchet. Eskon^ a Chiflel. Manitowghigmy a Red- Coat. MetMf Stockings. Mokemany Knives, Mekijky Beads. Mouftodawhijby a Flint. No mun-mfs e to ta, I do not underftand you. Owma^ this. PiJhM^y a little thing. Pajiofigon^ a Gun. Pljiofigon a hifl), a Piftol. Pihickeman , a Tack- Knife. Petta a jhum. e, give me a Piece. Pe quijh a con Gau Mawon^ I eat fome Pudding. ; Spog. /», a Pipe. J Stsnna.y », Tobaccok Soth. im» m. Red-Lead. Shekahoony a Comb. * Tmsyy Where. Tmifomc. ifoy what do yotf cull diis ? T •iequm.. What do you fayf Tapoy^ ih?.t tvue. Tho,with this,l muft leave my Jo\?rnal •, from other good Mt.- n<:s, I (hall continue the Hiftory to the prefent time. Mr. Baily^ who had very well difcharg'd his Truft, r^£/p«/2 the Frwf/;put feveral < )1 th c Com pa n y s a nd O'iilam's People a boa rd a rotten Bark, and they were taken up by an Engliflj Ship near Ci]p^JienriettaMaria,Bridger Aud Uillam they carry d wiiii Tbe Hifiory of Hudfon'/'Bay. 40 j with them to Canada^ where Raddijon and Goofelier ran fome of their Cargo afhoar, intending to defraud their Employers. After wnich they made their Efcape, and got into ^^^jf ^ ^ipW Advantage to the Company by that Difcovery, but it came to nothing, tho there was a Faftory fettled there, in order to promote it. . The Company intended to plant a Colony at Charlton Ifland, and order'd Mr. Sergeant to build a Fort there, and always keep fome Men upon it; . » Warehonfes were alfo built to receive the" Furs that were brought thither from the Faftories, and Con- ^. veniences were made for the Reception of fuch as were oblig'd to winter there. The Company" al- ways enjoyn'd their Governours to endeavour to fave the great Charge they were at in fending con- l ftaht Supplies of Provifions, by planting Corn and other Grain there. But alas! Tho the Climate by •i , its Diftancc' from the Sun, fhould be as warm as ours ^ yet for Realbns, which the Naturalifts will eafily give us, 'tis fo cold and frofty, that it kills almoft all forts of Roots in the Ground which are fown there ^ and thofe Plantations, fo ofren recommended by the Com- pany, were chimerical and imprafticable. Orders were alfo given to dilmifs Cap. Gillam their Service, for his Sons Offences •, and Cap. Sandford had the fame Ufage, on Account of his Relation to the Gillam s • 'or there's nothing fb terrible to a Mo- nopoliver, as n Interloper. Cap. William Bond^ who had been undc. Mr. Baily^ was fen t for home^ and other Fv'-'ilatit V, made in the Management of Af- fairs : Bin ill could net hinder the Ruin of them all by the I'n.^fny. The Conjpai\y, by tiitir Governours and Agents, made fuc i Cci^ipru^s with the Captains or Kings of tha Rive . and Tciritorie- vvh^ re they had Settle- ments, for ti c Freedom oi Tiaue there, extlufiveof ;i 'I others, tl.at the hidiins could not preiend they had encroith'd upon them, f hcie Conipa^>s wer« lender'd as firm as the Inciums could make them, by • • fuch fuchCei among i Now tlementi River, I at each < ver they Mr. 5ipr^ merce ei be afrai down to thing \ England. break w to drive torn of tl the Fort Canada \ under th from Qh mitted tJ *Tisw Opinion all lawfu enlarge t felves ^ V have the have bee worth k« The 8 came bef Govern o diam had Forts at brought Places. Two 1 their Gu Upon wi clar'd, th might be John Gc Names, neHifldfyoflluifon'sBsy. fuch Ceremonies as were moft facred and obligatory among them. Now were the Company in Pofleffion of five Set- tlements, viz., Albany River, Hc^es Ifland, Rupert River, Port Nelfon^ and New Severn, Their Trade at each of them was confiderable. From Jll^ * \ ^.v 9J WIST MAIN STtllT WIMTIR, NY. USIO (71*) •7a-4S03 .^%^ ^ w ^< J'-' 1 i'f ^s* a 1- M' 1^-: •^ > T i RTtCLES agreed upon 1^ itwecn the CtevaBer 4« Troye^^ Commander In Chief of die Dcs!> tatchment of tfce N?r*t-^^^jf /for the ttmch Company kt C and Hemy Sergeinty E(qi doyernour iocii^Englifh Compaiij^ of Hic^ fon^Bofy jvAy i^. i686. 1 (pf tfi/ Parties, II. 7W*iim^ tn a hojtile manner^ feiTiing our FortSy bumitig t an Enetny ^ andytt he wasfo far from declaring Smfitf that (It shot very time he was negotiating here tn 'Ci&fdMJewe'ik fi^m^n. 'Mh Was IcH „ w'5 JV^fet 6f his Ti'adtf ina VidtSitl •hfemdicefe, ' With ah hr^teircrad^^a?. cency, excus-d. . < >^- 1 Tnje War breaking put, as has been faid, hetyvieen V^'fof Soldiir$ tb^fte feiit ^Kiiher to retbVer 't^& Settteiiierits i aba in theYeir itfp«. they'ret6(3lk'ijl Ae Forts artd Tiaofies, WKfih ihe Frw^fe hid l!atf6h frobi tl^^m in time of Peacje. John tn Which Expedition th^y hiet With no Mafp Knight, ^Pifficulties than the Chevalier de Troves had nrot ^fry Gv\fiih, Cap. arfimingtdn Was ihe petf6n ^nijilby'd vermur c/fo> this S^r^it^ 1 'a^d John Kni^ht^t^q^ was ap66hit- turtM' VcTGo^erhobr/fFbiftJd/^/*;;;^: jSut his GoverKhifint «»ny- >ii of ho Ibiic ContJhuance \f6t in a little tinre ilife *fremh fcht 'fuch'a'P^wcr agalnft the Enktijh^ Ml they again dr^ve them fi-6m all ifteir ^tlehieiits in the B6ttom of the Bay. The Frw^A Coiiiipany hiade Monfieur de ^h fores Govemour of Fort Manyy and garriwB all the Foru they had taken) Whi^mide it'ne- teflary^or the Goverhhicht to fend a ttroh^fk fow&t than the Company co^td fatfe to rtcover l!hcm. .. The King of EntfUnd^ to ptbteft their Ttatfe, Vflign'd thcAi two Men of War for thjlr Scr- Vice, in the Year lO^* as the Sonaventure^ Cap. jillcn Commander, and the Seeford, Cap. jillen^ coming into the RWer Baya^^Mt to fummon all th^ Forts fo furrend^rv and tHe ^frlr^ GovetnoUr finding be ' c^ttld ro| ddenti i\ I . k • .■ - ; * then I « 'J. mfe ^^ h 'W pfeftt- irtreffib rriWtl J it ne- rfecover ilr Scr- , Gap. « |Vrr,TeAt and tHe them the J^»^#, cai^itailt^a,' ^nd ohrthe ^ ir&sl^: lif^hderVI Jfl*A»r)r Fort, oipbii •a?ftiih Aletidesj fhe'OiUf ^f \^hkh -mrcy That Whhift'in tht -fwt, »f mlP¥Unthm'lhdim9ijfiand mfe EngUOiman, the Govem^sSei^tfsnu ittoM "Wjt- mr^im M mirtit^f MUhM-^a Harm ^W^VtolktU ^Jh(M W^iotk To^mti^Btrfimr or fffy '^mg^that hetmidHPfhtnt\ thaffhty-Jh^fdrntreh -Hf ^lih' i'heir 'Af%iss ^JDriDns ' i^«f/«fe; Gfimri ^^^t Match lighted at both 'Msi^9Ml: in Mfftt^h^ '^d carry with them the two Guns they brought from Ffinl&'^'^WAf^^hfy'potHdaU iMbkrkii^\theirmaths and Goods ^ withoHp'hiihg vifiitd or pillag'd in any thing ^ and if they met with any French Veffelsy there fliould be a Truce between the Englifli and them', and the faid French l^ejfets fljould be per- mitted to take aboard the Perfons that came out of the faid Fort, with all that belonged to them, Thele Conditions were a little too honourable to grant, but not to be comply'd with. Cap. Allen took the Governour, and (bme of his Men, aboard his own Ship*, fome he put a- '^rd wSeaforAy ^and the reft aboard a Merchant- Man, call'd the, IVrwe^. ... .//.... .^. . In his Return:, JiC Tought thJB ;yj/<*j. i?tf/ii 'Frigat, then 2i French Privateer of jo Guhs,'ancf v^iskiira in the Engagement^ wKich/gayeUhe'it>^;/fAwJwi an Opportunity to beifir awky. .'•...'.: •/•.:., As to the other two Forts, they follow'd the Fate of Albany, and Mr. Knight Was reftor'd to his Go- vernment At which time, John Geyer, Efqj was John Governour , of Rort . l^elfjm. Mr. lOtight had ferv*d Geyer, Mr. St»i(ijiiit>M^\NV»^ ■ I , Till . ■ .■,- u < ■'■0 .,1 >' •; *,-,■ v».. ^\ :• 1 tint,'/ l4^:r«r . . .X :< ■ r«&Nb. > ''iii.i ^^ ;s ■ -"'^4 '. J H /■ S m Sj ,.-* .•- '