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" • ■ • \ r 1 \ Y - V 1 1 1 a- } *- * -^» «i » ... ^\, 'i" •' s/Vj '-'J i' .„ | »miii.. - ^ Cv A BRIEF DISCOU'RSE O F A SSAG BY THE North- POLE T O JAPAN, CHINA, Sec. Pleaded by Three Experiments : And Anfwers to all Objeftions that can be urgedagjinfta PafTage that way. I. By a Navigation (r om A mjier dam into the North-Pol: , and two Degrees beyond it. - J2. By a Navigation from ytf« towards the 2V<7r/A-P<7/d', ^^3. By an Experiment made by the Czar of Mh/coi^ whereby it appears, that to the Northwards o^Nova Zemhla is a free and open Sea as far as Japanfihinaficc* With a .M A P of all the Di(covcred Lands neereft to the Vole, By Jofefh t^lcxoft, Hydrographer to the King's uioft Excel- lent Majefty. LONDON, Printed for Jojeph Moxon , and fold at his Shop at the Sign of AtlM on LttdgatC'HilL 1^74. .im » . . I ■ unu ii '" 'Wil l i P M <> 11. H i II ■ y jL , I Ml >li r-Jll '*.-«».>. .:«t.ti >«* ^ « -. >' ■;*■ «i(<«»ni I » ii/» I « <%i 1 1! II *'mi»i(i*imtmtmm'fmm»^ KUWlwir "' ^'~\ ^ i^t'tivtrntm >«Maw- u , « ^•««.<, did he know in what an honed manner,and by what aG un-intcrcffcd acci- dent I hapned to hear it ; For thus it was : Being about 2 s years ago in AmSierdam, I went into a Drinking-honfe to drink a cup of Beer for my third, and fitting by the publick Fire, among feveral People there hapned a Sea- man to come in, who feeing a Friend of his there, who h-? knew went in the Greenland Voyage, wondrcd to ftc him, becaufe it was not yet time for the Greenland Fleet to come home, and ask'd him what accident brought him homefofbon: His Friend (who was theSreer-min aforc- faidina Greexr/^W Ship that Summer) told him that their Ship went not out to Fifli that Summer, but only to trke in tlie Lading of the whole Flect,to bring it to an eiirly IVl.ir- ket,e^r. Bur.faid he, before the Fleet had caui^h' Fifli f- A 2 r»rn)[rh ^■»«^- / oough to lade us, we, by order ol the Granhnd c ny^SaHed ioto i\iitlortlh?ok^2iXiA came back agab.Whei. upon (his flelatioo beiug N^tre/ to me) I entred difcourfe wichhim.and feem'd toqueftion the truth of what he faid. But he did eiifure me it was true^aod that the Ship was then id Amfterdamy and many of the Seamen belonging to her ro j ifHfie the truth of it: And told me moreover,that ehey fiiicd 2 degrees beyond the Pcle. I afkc him, if they found no Land or Iflaods about the Pole } He told me No, there was a free and open Sea h I a(kt him if they did not meet with a great deal of Ice ? He told me No) they (aw no Ice* I afkt him what Weather they had there ? He told me fine warm Weather, Cuchzs.wzssitjlMjierdam in the Summer time, indashot« 1 fliouid have afkthim more queflions, but rhit he was ingaged in difeourfe with his Friend^ and 1 could not in modelly interrupt them longer. But I be- lieve the Steer-man fpoke matter of faAand truths for he feem'd 3 plain honed and unafTed^atious Per(bn ^ and one w ho could have no dedgn upon me. nut though I believe this ftory , yet methinks I hear many nbjctt againft it , and are apt to urge three feemiog Reaft'ns to prove itfalfe, or at leaft fome particulars r>f his Relation. Andfird, Thar it cannot be warm un* der the Pole , becaufe that about Greenland y and miny o- ther Parts lefs Northerly, the Sea is fo full of great Bodies of fee , that Ships can hardly fail for it. Secondly , Or if warm, yet not fo warm as at Amfierdam in the Summer time, becaufe the farther Northerly the colder Weather. Third ly, Or if they were under the Pole , that they could not tell how tocome back , but that they might as well go farther from, as return nearer to home, becaufe the IJeedle pointing always North, they muft needs lofe themfelvesio the North' Pole^vfhtre it muft indifferently refpeft all points of the Horizon alike. One Anfwer may f crve to the firft and fecond Objedion^ That 4 ^e •<».•<. yfW^i.'^Jff—^t^f^', ■^i C 3 > That ic cannot be warm under the NorilhPole, &c. If we confult cbe Experience of Travellers and Navigators, we are told that between the Tropici^f, nay under the Equina- ^/j/ is generally as moderate Weather as herein EftgUnd in Summer time. Why may it ooc then be as warm under the Vole^ as here or at Amfierdam in the Summer time ? The fmall height the Sun hach there can be no excepiioii, for then we having the Sun in its Summer S olftice in leflcr AI titude than between the Tropicks, it mud needs be much colder here, which is contradifted. But one Reafon why it is as warm here as between the Tropicks, iS) becaufe be- tween the Tropicks the Sun remains fcarce above 1 3 hours of 24 above the Horizon to warm it, when as here it re- mains almoft 17 hours of 34 above the Horizon, and therefore leaves a greater impreffion of heat upon it: And the farther Northward wcgo the longer it remains above the Horizon^and lefs under the Horizon every 3 4.hours,till we come within the ArAick Circle, where the Sun remjins fcr haH a year together^ viz,, all the Summer above the Horizon, and never fets : And therefore though his beams are not fo perpendicular yet they mud needs caufe a great degree of heat upon the Horiz on. And if it be argued that it is fj cold about Greenland, ^c, and the Seas fo full of Ice that Ships cm hardly fdil forir, yet cannot that Argument prove th.u itisfoab^uc xhtVoU: Becaufe the Ice is made about (boars of Land, but never in open Sea , and comes there only by (Irength of Currents, or high Winds, which does ird?ed carry it fome fmall diftance from the (hoar.But as this EV^elator hid there is under the Pole a free and dpen Sea, t3c, and coofe- quently void of Ice, io Summer time at leaA. Befides^ ex- perience tells us,thac allLand-briezesare colder than thofe that come from Sea , and therefore it may be cold about Greenland, becaufe of the Land, and yet warm under the Ptf V,whcre the Sea is open, &ci The y (4) The third ObjcAion is^that if thev were uoder the Tok^ they could ooctell how tocomeback^bccaufe of theindiP' fercocy the Vttdlt (hould bear to every point of the Hort^ I examined not my Relator upon this Argument, though when I was parted from him I was forry I did not. But it is eafie to apprehend how to guide a Ship either forward or backward by an Obfervation of the Sun a little before you enter the Volt: for by finding in or near what Meridian it is, or upon what part of the Ship it bears, whether on Head or Stern, on Starboard or Lar- board, you may meafure Time near enough with a Glafs, to know feveral daies after in or near what Meridian the Sun is at any known or eftimate time , and confequencly know how to proceed forwards, or come back with your Ship. Or if the Moon have North Latitude you may do the fame by the Moon. But if the f^h were Traded, in (horttime it might be found by Variation of theN^^- dk^ for there is doubtlefs Variation in it , and in all the Meridians about it (everal Variations* Thus far it appears there is a free and open Sea io Sum- mer time (at lea(t) about the North-Pole. But I (hall add another Relation of one James Ben^ whofe Father Jived about five years ago in Crown-Court in Ruffeljireet in Covent Garden^ and himfelf lives now in Wapping. This Mr. Ben failed to "japan with the Dutch as a Carpenter of the Ship, and he told me that that Year, vi'Z. 1668. he was newly come home from Japan : I a(kt him how long they were under way home from thence } He told me he could not well tell, becaufe when they fet out from Japan the Captain commanded the Steer-man to fliil due North, and they did fail from thence about 400 Dutch Miles, which is almofV 27 degrees due North. I sfkthim whe- ther they met with no Land or Ulands^ as I had done bttVrc the Dutch Greenland Steer-man: He toldmeNo, . they ■i '■!» ':1f ■M J • '' . • "• ■ ^.* ^x*^ If-- I/* :.tf (s) they faw 00 Land, but that there was a free and oprn* Sea fo far as they Sailed, nor any fign of Land appeared. I afkt him why chey failed fo far Northward ? He toJd mc he could not telly ooly the Captain cocnmandcd it, c^c. But I fuppofe the Eaji India Company commanded the Captain either to make aDilcoveryof Land toeucreafe Trade, or to fatisfic themfelves with the knowledge cf ao open Sea^that when they faw Reafon they might expedite their Voyages between Holland and thofc pans that way. I was thus loquifitive with him,becanfe ever (nice I heard the former Relation of the Gree«/a;;^Srecr-mao, I harped at a Paflage through or about the IJortb Vole to Japan^ Cbina.^c, and by ihefe two Difcovcries it appears very probable that there is fo, and that it is pjfTable in Summer time. I come to a third Relation, not only of the probability, but of the certainty of a Paffage found by the Ruffianr this laft year, as it came to the handset the Secretary of thtRoj/al Society from Amfterdam^ by a Corrcfpondent of his 5 which in tranfaS. Numbaoi . run in thefc words : A Letter y and Map^ not long jtnce fent to the Publijl)er^ by a» Experienced Perfon residing at Amdcrdam, containing a true Defcription of Nova Zembla , together with an intimation of the advantage of itsfliape and portion. S I R, Herewith fend you what I have received outo(A/uf- covjf, which is a New Mapp of Nova Zembla and IVei- gatj^ as it hath been difcover'd by the exprefi order of the C;(4r 5 and drawn by a Painter, called Fanelapoetskj^ who lent it mc komMofio for a Prefent : by which it appears. That Nova Zembla is not ao Ifliod, as hitherto it bath been believed to be 5 and that the Mare gladale is not a Sea, but a sinifs or Bay, the waters whereof arc fwcet,which is ••./• ' I »«, ■^ . ' * J , to {$ the time witB wfaait the tsTUfs do tlfii aliiire us , wha hive tatted th6fi^ waters ib the very midft of the SlnnK • The^^/sv^ye^/ as well as the Ttffi^r/ do uaabimoufly af-* firoi, that jpaffiog oo the backof JVtf«4 Ztmhh , at a cobO- derable diftadce from the Ihore, Navigators may well pals as fur nsjipaft. Aod 'lis a great fault in the EffgUJb and putch, that feckiog to get to ppdn on the Soiith llde of Nova ZembU, they have ajfflofl: always pailed the fyeigaU^ The letter io the great River pi/inarks the place of a * Cacaraft or Fall of waters. The letter ^denotes the con- iuiidton of ZtmbU with the Cootioent « The River inar- :ed L^ rUos toward Cbina^ cMtA Kitaies which is oo^ e- [very where navigable, by reafou of the rocks and dthet : 'inconVeniencies that obftruA the palling of VefHrls* if^eu iati it (elf is v.ery difficult to pafs , becaufe of the great ^"gu^mity of Ice, eonriuiially falling into ic out of the Hi- I'-eV diy , whereby that (irait paiTagetis^ ftopp'd upi- The N . 1 ^amajeds go every year a fifhing upoin.the faid fwect StgL .;! add ihit on ff ova Zembfa*i (ide. This MkpbtNcva ttmbta . is here omit^edj^ becaufe here is (et forth a Ma{^of all the V Lands ncarcft about the N«r/p. V V T '\ •'. • • • • '7. A l!4 " \ \ ■ * ^4 • J « i ' • •• I s • t • • • V - .« % « K| . • f • •.ill • *• 1 /« -J I m ,v.\ . . :i;r> : . ■ : ij, , I J^ . y ■ ; .; . ;• ". ;;.(•,•.' ' ,. I i f!^: ii. .:.;r * .:': / ;• J :. Tl rs:f.n ;riUv^ Sti-^Vl i:flT-^ » • • \ >».i. .>t: 4 1 V * ■* ' t. .« *' '.Jl: .J ifly af« I cobn- ell pafs lide of :cof a le con- t mar- oon c- oihct ♦ Wtu ' 'great hcRj- Tbt etSei» ttmbta lU the ». ■»t-J 1 «ti, i ••. > {rrit^*" t * titiH.;-' Jf • .« «" .;ih:.«,"#i jA