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 *J Public StJ^ooli. 
 
CITY OF liOSTOX. 
 
 In lloAun ok Ai.Dr.iiMF.v, :\r!UTli 2", IsTil. 
 
 /,Vs7)^r(^ Tlmt llio tliaiiks i.f llm Cily Onin<-il .'in- duo, :uul tlii'V ;irc lu-i-rby 
 (.■ii(l.-ml. (■. Giooiici. K. Kl.l.is. 1>. I>., I'lr tin; vi_'i-y iutcrostiMi: liistonc;il 
 onitinii ili'livrrinl liolon: llui miiniri|):il aiiUiorilii's of this city on llic ITIli 
 inst., that bi'ini; Uu: Coiib'iiiiial Aunivi'i'sary of the Evai-iiation of tlio t"\vii 
 (if l!o?tnM by the Uiili^li Army; aivl tliat hu bi' iV(|no>b'iI to ni-.ii-h a i'..|iy of 
 saiil oration for publication, togetlior with suoh lii-torical fai'ts ouucetnl willv 
 tin- Siofro of I!o<-toii as may be ilocmi'd worthy of ])ri><orvntioii. 
 
 Onlcnrl. That liftocu hundrcil copies of the oi-ation of George K. KIli<, P.!'., 
 
 delivereil l)efore the niuMiciiial autliorities of this eity on tlie ITtli inst., b(! 
 
 printed, together witli ar. ,„i ount. of tlio i)roe.!cdin,L's connected with tlie 
 
 oliscrvance of the Centennial Anniversary of the Kvaciialion of Iloston by the 
 
 British Army; and that tlic exjionse thereor bo charged to the appropriation 
 
 for I'rinting. 
 
 Passed : sent down for conctirrcnco. 
 
 JOHN T. CLAltK, Chairnuni. 
 
 I'assed in coneurrcnee, 
 Ajjproved March -M, bS7(i. 
 
 In- Commdn CDixrii.. >Iarch ■.';l. bSTi'i. 
 .1. (^ A. UKACKKTT, I'r.^i'hnt. 
 
 SAMCKI, C. COr.li. Mininr. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PRKLIMISAnV AnUANGKMENTS 
 
 Dkcouatio.ns 
 
 Illcbiinations 
 
 Ueceftion of the AVAsiiixfiTcix Mkdai.. 
 Services in Mesic IIali 
 
 I'niyer liy licv. Dr. Mamiinf;, Pastor ofOIil Soutli 
 
 Iiitroiluctory Ufiniirks (if Mayor Colili . 
 
 Address l)y George E. KUis, D.D. . 
 CiiKoxici.E OF THE SiEdE {S'j Geovijc E, Ellis, D. D.) 
 
 Tlio Provincial Fcirci's Sumnimu'd ... 
 
 Conimenceiiient of tlio Siege "f Hoslon . 
 
 Tlie I'oor in ]!oston 
 
 fieneral Burgoyne nn llic Situation . 
 
 Tntcrcoiirsc lietwc ^ ii and Country . 
 
 Covenant lietwecii liaiH' and tlio Inlialiitants 
 
 Proclamation liy General Uuae 
 
 " The Friends of Government " ... 
 
 Tories in Tiiwn and Country .... 
 
 Lady Frankland ...... 
 
 lUnjaniin Tliomjison, Count liumford 
 
 Fire in Boston 
 
 Cure for a Civil Government .... 
 
 Harvard College and Candjriilge 
 
 The I'rovincial Forlilieations .... 
 
 Uaids on the llarhor Islands .... 
 
 Incidents in the Provincial Camp 
 
 Correspondence of Generals Lee and Uurgoyne 
 
 A Preliminary to the Declaration of Independence 
 
 Dr. Henj. Church charged with Treachery 
 
 A Visitor to the Camp 
 
 A Characteristic Order hy ^Vashini,'ton . 
 
 Winter in the Cam] 
 
 Treatment of I'risoners 
 
 Chr.rcl 
 
 VAQE 
 
 9 
 12 
 20 
 23 
 
 :i3 
 ;u 
 3« 
 
 39 
 109 
 
 no 
 
 112 
 112 
 114 
 
 11.-) 
 
 119 
 123 
 124 
 126 
 120 
 130 
 131 
 13S 
 133 
 142 
 145 
 IK! 
 149 
 l.-)l 
 l,-.l 
 
 i:i3 
 
 134 
 
 15ii 
 
 ..t.}£-i.1j£y^iafcklti 
 
 '_rs»eMaiI»: 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 ClIROMCF.K (IF TIIK SlKI'.K — CoH/i'jI "«^ 
 
 linrKoyiif on llio Sitiiiition in lioston 
 Destruction of " Liluity-Tree " 
 Tlie Besii'gi^d in lioston . 
 Commission liy General Gage . 
 
 Croan linish 
 
 rrintin!} in Boston . . . • 
 
 Proclaniiitions liy General Oasie 
 
 ]5urgoync's Tlieatrioals in Boston . 
 
 General Howe in Conwnnnd in lioston 
 
 I'roelamations by General Howe 
 
 The I'ontraet for the Kvaeuatiim and Sa 
 
 Tlie Leave-Takin}; and Emharkation 
 
 Boston Harbor Keojiened 
 
 Keiiort of the Kvaeuation in England 
 
 Diaries and Letters in Boston dnring tin 
 
 Diary of Kzekiel I'riee 
 
 Letters to Gardiner Greene 
 
 Dr. Andrew Kliot .... 
 
 Diary of Timothy Newell 
 
 The Boston Ministers ihiring the Siege 
 
 tv of 
 
 Siege 
 
 Bos' 
 
 168 
 
 ICO 
 
 \ai 
 
 1G4 
 Ifiu 
 
 Ifirt 
 
 1117 
 
 IRg 
 
 170 
 
 170 
 
 173 
 
 175 
 
 180 
 
 180 
 
 182 
 
 184 
 
 187 
 
 188 
 
 102 
 
 11)8 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Tki.iiam's Map or Boston. 
 I'lioviNci; llorsi; . . . ■ 
 Oi.i) State Housb ... 
 
 LoNIi WlIAKl- 
 
 WASniMiTIlN Ml I'AI 
 
 IlANCorK llorsi; . . . • 
 
 Fam;i:ii. Haix 
 
 Vicinity of Boston, 1m)ut.s . 
 
 PllOSPECT lllM. ANII Bl.-NKKH lllF.I. — Fl.Y LkAF 
 TllEATUKAI, I'liOiatAMMl'. 
 
 1 
 1.". 
 
 18 
 2,'. 
 
 m 
 11.-. 
 
 i:i8 
 
 139 
 1G9 
 
 [■n.uFntrravl..g.<.f llicWa.l,l„Klon Mc.lal. n.ul of llu. Fortinontlon« »ro.,nd Hn.lon, were pro- 
 pan-.l fur Dr. K,mrk.' Life- mul WrlllnB- "f Wa.hing.m,. Mr. -park, I,... kindly grantol Ih- «.c 
 of tbc plolcii for llils volume] 
 
PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 DECORATIONS AND ILLUMINATIONS. 
 
PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 1\ liis IniUigiinil Address to the Cit}- CouiK-il of Boston, on tlio 
 3(1 of January, 187(1, tlio Mayor, Hon. Saninol C. Col)l), reieixed 
 to the Centennial Aimiversaries of the last and the present year in 
 the following words : — 
 
 "In June Inst wt' liad imr conlennial tflfl)r:ition of llic 
 Anniversary of tlie Battle of BunkiT Hill. I believe it is 
 regarded on all hands as a gratilying sncecs.s. It was 
 a iiieniorahle day for Boston, as being tiie lirst pnblic 
 occasion on wliicli tiie antagonists in the fields and the 
 coiineils of the civil Avar met together in considerable 
 numbers and in oi-ganized bodies, to exchange ])]edges of 
 renewed amity and fraternal fellowship and of a fntnre 
 cordial co-ojyeration in the duties of patriotism. It ap- 
 peared to awaken tiie hospitable feelings and the patriotic 
 ardors of our own people, and we liave iiad many testi- 
 monies that our welcome visitors from all sections of the 
 counfiy were pleasi'd with their reception and entertain- 
 ment. This year Philade][)hia will be the seat of a more 
 imposing observance, in celebration of the Ceiileimial 
 Anniversary of the Declaration of the Xational Tnde|ieiid- 
 cnce. Our wannest sympathies will be with her on this 
 grand occasion of national and inteniational interest. 
 Ifndei' the auspices of the State Coinmissioii, our pi'oplc 
 will contribute to the exjiositioii tln' j)rtKhiels of their 
 
10 
 
 CKNTi'NNiAi. a\nivi'.i:s.\i;y or TIIF. 
 
 iiuliistry iuul art, and, I piv^miic, a large personal repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 "It does not appear at jire^eiit that any Ibrnial aeticm 
 on the siibjeet is ealled for on the part of this nnniiripal 
 
 goverinnent. 
 
 "On the Seventeenth oi" JSIareh next will oecur the 
 centennial anniversary of the Evacuation of Boston by tlu' 
 British troops. The City Council ^vill consider wliat 
 observance of the day, if any, AviU he appropriate in itself 
 nnd acceptable to the people. And on the Fourth of July 
 I presume the City Government will not omit the celebra- 
 tion to which the people have been accustomed from the 
 earliest times." 
 
 At llic meeting of the r.oiinl ef Al.U'rinen, January (Uh, LSTC. 
 the following onlev was adopted : — 
 
 0,-deP''l, Tlmt the ('h;iinii;ni :>n.l four meiiilifi's of the \\o:m\ of' 
 AMonnoii. witli siidi as the Cnmnion Couiu.m' " -1" '"■ •■' .■n,ni,iilt,H. 
 
 to c'ons'uk'i- am 
 the Sev(Miti'i'nl 
 
 1 ro|)ort ill wliat way i 
 
 t will 
 
 bo I'Xl 
 
 }(Mlieiit to CfU'lirMlc. on 
 
 h of .March iioxt, tlio CciitiMiiiial aiiiiiviTsary o 
 
 f till' I''.ViKai- 
 
 of lioston by the Ih-itish army, ami on 
 
 tion 
 
 Contoniiia! auniviavary o 
 
 if the Declaration 
 
 the l''onrl!i of July next, the 
 :if American Imleiieiuleiice. 
 
 And .Mdernien 
 
 John T. Clark, (Jliairmo), 
 
 Iliio-h O'l'.rii 
 
 Choatc Burnhani, and Fr; 
 
 Ah all A. r.nrrago, 
 
 •is 'i'lKinipson, wcro 
 
 (ipiK 
 
 iited as Midi eouiu) 
 
 IlittCH 
 
 Attl 
 
 le iiu'cliii!'' o 
 
 I' the I'oin 
 
 i;i, tl 
 
 le on 
 
 iler 
 
 nson Coniicil, January 
 id (.'oiincilnu n J. Q. A. I'.rackctt, 
 
 was passed in coiu-nrrenei 
 
 rremhni, Cnrlis (inild, Edwin Sil)ley, John Sweotser 
 
 William 
 
 G. Tr 
 
 Otis II. Pierce 
 
 Frederick 
 
 (1. Walhrldgo. and William 
 
 rdanehard were i 
 
 )ined. 
 
 Tl 
 
 le order was approvi 
 
 d hv the Mavoi. January l.'>. tsTIi 
 
 On the ITlh i 
 
 if J 
 
 iiiiuai 
 
 •V tlu' eoinniittee rep( 
 
 ried 
 
 in \) 
 
 irt, rec- 
 
i:\AClATIOX UK lJ(JSTO\. 
 
 Jl 
 
 ft 
 
 oiiiiiu'ii(liiiir timt lliL' Mayor and the Cliairniaii of tliu IJoanl of 
 Aldcniii'ii lie autliori/cfl to eiigage an oi'alor loi- tlir Si'vi'iilcf ntli 
 of ^farcli. and an ordci' to lliat ctfeut was passed liy tlitj t'ity 
 Conncil. 
 
 On the iMlli of Jannary, tlio ('oiiiniitti'i' aL'ain n'|)oi't('(l, ivcom- 
 niundinir lliat, in addition to tiic (jration already jirovidcd lor, the 
 Seventeenth of Mnrcii he observed as follows : — 
 
 l>y liriaj^ salutes at sunrise and >uiwet, iiud liy fiu^iug the elun-ch 
 bells at suui'ise, noon, ami sunset ; tluil the neeupanls of the stores and 
 (luelliufis <iu Washington street be requested to rteeorate their buildings ; 
 that the locations of the fori i Ileal ions on lioston Xeck, and other places 
 of historic interest in the city, be decorated ; that Bunker Hill ^bjiui- 
 niont, Dorchester Heights, and the priueipal [juIjIIc buildings, be illu- 
 minated ; and that the General (iovernnient lie requested to fire salutes 
 fioni the Nav3- Yard and tiie forts in the harbor; and that the Stale 
 anthorilies be requested to ilbnniiuUe the State-Ifou>e. Citizens resi- 
 dent ni\ the principal squares and thoroughfare- were reqiu.'sted to 
 illuuiiinit(! their dwellings on the evening of the Seventeenth. 
 
 The conuiuttee ajipentled to their repoit the following order, 
 which Mas adopted by the City Council, and a[)|)roved hy the 
 Mayor on the .)!h of ]*'el)rMar\' : — 
 
 Ordered, That tlie Joiut Special Coniniittee who were appointed to 
 consider and report in what way the eeuteimial annivi^isary of the evac- 
 uation of lioston by the 15rilish army should be eelol)iated, be authoi- 
 ized to make arrangements Inr the [)roper eelebi-ation of that occasion, 
 at an ex|ieus(> not excee<ling live tliousand dollars, to be char'^cd to the 
 a|)pi-oprialiou for Incidentals. 
 
 In acciu'danci' with the lU'iler passed hy the City Council, his 
 IIoniH- the Maycn- invited (ieorgc E. Kills, 1). 1).. lo ddixcr the 
 (ualimi, and the luverend ,lac(d) M. Manning. I). I».. to .act as 
 eliaplain, ini the occasion, and hcdh gentlemen ,aceei)tcd th(! 
 in\il.atlon. 
 
12 
 
 CKXTEXNIAti ANNIVEItSAHY OK IIIK 
 
 DECORATIONS. 
 
 I 
 
 'I ho sciisoii of the yv.iv \n'\ng imfUvoi'ulilc t'oi' out-door decora- 
 tions, llic .siili-coiimiittcc liiiving tlio niidtcr in cliargc, tlcenied it 
 ndvisaiilt.' to dcsiirnate siiuli places only as were situated upon the 
 lines of niarcli of the advancing and retreating armies, lieginning 
 iit the iidvanccd line of the American fortilications in Koxbury, 
 and terminating at the point of eniharkation of the liritish troops 
 on Long AVhaif. 
 
 The following places were thus designated : — 
 
 AMKKICAN FdHTIl'ICATKlXS. 
 
 Tlio original line of American fortilications crossed what is now 
 AVashinglon s'reet on the lino of division between Boston and Koxbiny, 
 near tlio present Clifton phicc. On tlio 23d of Ani^ust, 1775, the work 
 of fortifyins; Lamb's Dam was begun, and upon the completion of that 
 work the line of foitification was advanced to a point a Utile south of 
 the present Nor'lliaiiipton street. 
 
 Lamb's Dam extended from about the junction of Hampden and Al- 
 bany streets to a point near the iircsent AValuut i)lace. It was orig- 
 inally built to Keep llie tide from ovcrllowhig the marshes, and followed 
 very nearly the present line of "Northampton street, diverging .-lightly 
 to the southward as it neared the highway. At the termiuatii)n of the 
 Dam, on the upland, a strong breastwork was const ructe'l, and from that 
 the intronchments extended across the highway. 
 
 The works were completed September 10, 1775, without opposition 
 from the British, allhough within musket-shot of their advanced posts. 
 
 I.OCA TION OF ItKOWX'S IKIUSK. 
 The house and barn of Mr. Brown stood on the west side of the high- 
 way, near the present location of Franklin scpuire, and about twenty 
 rods in advance of the British line. 
 
K\A( lATION OF llOSTOX. 
 
 i;j 
 
 'I'lio biiilililij^s wen; ucmpicd by tlio 15i-ili>li tniii|K, iiml .•^ci'vcil ;is ;i 
 jiosl from «lii(li t(i annoy tlio Aniciiciins. 
 
 On tlir Mil of .Inly. ITT'i. !i |i:irly of volnnlccis iVoni IIk' AnicricMn 
 iirniy, nndiT connniMid ol' Mnjors 'rMppcr nml Cinnc ;illa('kri| llic posl, 
 ilrovo ill llio ij;iiiiiil, !in<l sot fire to the lin'Miiiirs. 
 
 Tills (VMS the only ;n'iiU'il conllii'l lirtwcr'ti Iho o|rp(]-ing iirmii'S wliirli 
 took place williiii llic oiiLjliial liinils of lioslon. 
 
 It was at Iii'own's lioiisi' lliat (loncral Itiirj;oy nc prnposcd lo nu'cl 
 ficncial 1,01'. lo discuss Ihc dill'ricnccs cxistini;' Iji'twirii llic colonics and 
 tlic niolhcr-coiinliy. 
 
 I'.KiriSIl inlMIFK.'AlliiNS (i\ 'I'lll'; Ni;CI\. 
 
 'I'lic main line of tin; l!iiii~li foililicalioiis crossed tlie Neck Ijclucen 
 Dedliani and ('anion strccls. Tlie works were considered very slroiifr, 
 nionnlinjj tweiily guns of heavy calilire, together willi six howitzers and 
 a nioi'tar baltcry. 
 
 The road passed direelly thronirli the eenlrc of the W(jik and was 
 closed b\' gales. 
 
 Tho fortification nearest llie town was known as the ••(Irccn Siore 
 Battery," and was situated just south of tho present ■\Villianis jraikcl. 
 Its naiiio w.'is taken from the warelionse of Deacon Drown which stood 
 on Iho silo of AVilliains JIarkel, .and was paiiilod green. 
 
 A barrier was eroded at tliis point, prior to KlKl, as a protection 
 against the Indians, and. in 1710, by vote of the town, a strong work 
 was conslrneled there. In So[ili-mbcr, 1 771, fleneral fSago caused tin! 
 remains of the old works Id be sticnglhcned. The road [lasscd through 
 the centre of tho works, and was closed by a gate and a drawbridge. 
 
 A person who entered tho town soon after it was evaeiiated, describincr 
 these fortilications, says, '■ Wo foniid the works iipmi the Xock enliro, 
 the cannon spiked n|), the shells chiefly split, and many of the cannon 
 carriages cut to pieces; these lines niion the Xeek were handsomely 
 built, and so amazingly strong that it would have bi:en impracticable for 
 lis In have I'orccd them." 
 
 The works were, by Washington's order, rendercij useless after the 
 eonliiHiital arm\ moved to New Voii. >,, Hkii the enemy could not 
 make llieni available in ease thcv slioiiM reeain the inuii. 
 
 ffr^:^.^^m if^ rt-^- 
 
14 
 
 cKvrr.wiAr, \nmvi:i;s \i!V or riii'. 
 
 i,iiti;i;iv-iiii-.i; iirii.i)iN(i. 
 
 Till' I,ili('iiy-liri>, M) ii.'iiiii'il rriirii ils liciiiu; iiscil on thi' lii'-<t iici'ii^'hui nf 
 |i\lljlic ri'~i-i|imro lo tlic Sliiliip Act, s(()(h1 iic.'ir the [irrscul cdi'iii'l' nf 
 Kssox ;Uiil \V!isliiii;4lip|i -li-ccl-i. II \v;c< (piu' nf a liiuiilici' <if inau'nilii'i'Mt 
 ('Im« wliirli i.'i'i/\v ill Hint 
 
 M'alilv. 
 
 Oil 111!' MDi of AiinM-^l, IVi'.'i, an i'Mii:y "I' Mi'. Oliver, llii' staiii|i cf- 
 lii'cr, Iniii'llicr with a bonl willi a ili'\il [pfc|iiim mil oi' il. — an allii^inn 
 to I.ciiil lliitc, — wcio (liscovcri'il lianuini; on tlio tree, ami soon al'lci llio 
 
 1 lo iiiiM't tlio Sons 
 
 siiinc !Mi'. OiiviM', iiiiicli a^iaiiist liis will, was conipcni'i 
 of I.ilicrty at llii' lice, ami niiiNi- a ]>iiMic recanlalion i if his si'iiliineiils In 
 favor of the Slani|i Ael. In Novi'inlicr, ITl'..'), Uvo of the Uiii'_''s ailviscrs 
 were liiiiiu in i'IHl'V upon I he liir. 
 
 I'l'diii ITti'iiinlil till' liiilisli troops took possc~.,i(iii nf the lown. the 
 tree was faiiions iis tlio plaec of nit'eliiiii of the .Sons of l.ihi'rly, iiiul the 
 groiiiul aroiiiicl il was popularly known as I.ilicrly Hall. In 17117 ii Ihi;^- 
 stalf was crecti'il. whirh cnIcikIi'iI ilirmi^^li anil ahovc llic hiaiu'lii's of tho 
 tri'f, ami a llau' ili-playcil fiom ihis siaU'was a si^iiial for the iissenililinji 
 of tho Suns of LiliiTly. I'liilor the luanclu's of lluj tri.'(' niatti'i's of 
 piililic eonci'rii wi'ic disoiisscil iliirinu; thr slirrini; tinios wlii<-h pr.'ccdi'il 
 the acliiiil (•oiiiiiicnci'iiu'nl <jf hoslililic-, ami many of llic |iroiiiinont 
 
 actors in tlic^ n-vohilioiiary conllicl toolc a lively pail in tho 
 
 pioeoediiins. 
 
 'I'lie Iroo was (ait down in Aie/ii^l, 177."i. liy tho Tories and the 
 
 Uiilish troops, iniieli to Ihe vexation of the patriols who remained in the 
 
 town dnriiiu: the sieee. AVhile Ihe tree was heiiiLr eiil down, a soldier, in 
 
 attempting to remove a liiiili, fell and was killed. 
 
 Allndiiii;- lo the event, Ihe '• I'',ssi'.\ ( l.a/.elle," of Aii;.;ilst .'list, 177.'i, 
 
 says, ■' Armed wiili axes, they made a furious attack ii|ioii it. After a 
 
 loni^ s|ie|| of hni;j;liinn and jj;riiiiiiii'^', swealin;;, sweaiin";, and foamint;, 
 
 with malice (lialiolii-.al, tlie\ ciil dnw ii ;i lici' heeaiisi' il liore Ihe name of 
 
 liberty." 
 
 A freestone bas-relief, sel in the front of the luiiidiiej; on the corner 
 
 of Essex and Wa^-hintilon sireets, marks the spot where Ihe tree stood. 
 
\ 
 

 
 
 s«/r- 
 
 
 
 f H.jn.T- -,-.'tw .J^ '1** * iii ■ ■ 
 
 
 
 -.1 
 
 V. 
 
 ■-« 
 
 i.5 
 
 
 ;t> 
 
EV'ACtJATIOX Ol' JiOSTOX. 
 
 15 
 
 TIIK ()L!) SOITII (■linjCll. 
 
 Till' pri'^ciit liiiildiiiir was i'icrt(<(I ill 17l".i; wlini Imill il was siliiali'cl 
 III wlial was lli(>ii coiisiilcMi'il llic suiilli iiarl uf Ihr Iciwii. aiul uas kiidwii 
 as tlic SiMilli Mt'i'tillg-luiiisL'. Till' iiaiih' •• (»li| Siiiilli" was <:ivoii il al'liM- 
 till' orocliiiii of tliL' '• Xi-w Siiiilli " ill Suiiinn r slrt'i'l. 'I'jic liiiijiliim- is 
 ('s[n'rially licli ill liistmic assdciatioiis. Here Ilie (ii-alimis on Uie aiiiii- 
 ViTsai'ii'S (if till.' BiisUui IMassacre wcit drlivcreil, niiil lis walls resoiiildi'il 
 «itli the eliii(ii( nee nl' many wlm al'leiwaids exeiiiiililieil tlieir patriotism 
 liy deeds as well as woi'ils. 1 lere was lield llie iiiiet iliii w liieli eiiliiiiiiated 
 ill the deslriielion of llii.' tea in liosimi llailior. The nuetinn' was 
 ailjoiiriied from l'"aiieiiil Hall, that hiiildiiij; not lieiiiu lai;.ie enough to 
 contain the crowil. The Old Soiitli Clniieh was looked n|ion with 
 espeeial disfavor liy the liritisli. on aeeoiint of the nieeliiigs of ilie patri- 
 ots whifli •were held there, and in 177.) it was taken possession of, at 
 the instance of Gi'iieral l!iirL;-oyne, and converted into a i-iding-sehool 
 I'oi' the use of till' Oin'en's Light iJia'/oons. 
 
 ']"lie east galleries were allotted to speelatois. and a refresliment-rooni 
 was titled np in the llrsi gallery; the pulpit and pews were removod and 
 Used I'or fuel, and the lloor was covered with dirt and gra\el. 
 
 After the town was evaeiialed li\ the l!riti-li the Old South Society 
 \voi-sliip[ieil in Iviiig's C'haiiel, wliieli had lieeii aliandone'l by its rector 
 and congregation. 
 
 lilt: III. I) M A It; lliilsi;. 
 
 The [ircseiil hiiildiiig w.as eireled in 17|.s for a town-honse. The 
 meoliiigs of the Colonial Coiiils. the I'rovineial Coiiiieil, and the (ieneral 
 Court of the Colony were held in il. Tin' reiireseiitatives met in a 
 clianilier situated ;il the west eiiil of the Imihling, and here, according' to 
 ,lohii .\dains. '■ Inilepi'iidenee was horn." 
 
 The news of the accession of (ieorge III., the last cinwned lieail pro- 
 claimed in the colonies, was read IVointhe haleony. ;iiid on the l.'^lhof 
 .)iil.\, I77i;, the Declaration of Iiide|iendciice was read I'rom the same 
 place, liy the Slierilf. William Crceideaf. 
 
 \\ iini the I'.iilisli lioops ueri' i|iiaileieil i • the town, il was ii>ed a^ a 
 liairaek. mid in it ( Icnerals Cage. Howe, and CliiilMn h, hi a Coiiiieil of 
 War. Iiefore the Itnltloor liiinkcr Hill. 
 
16 
 
 CKNTKN'MAI. AXNIVKKSAKY OP TIIK 
 
 III 17>-:i :i InniiMiiUT liulcoriy was eiTclccl :it the wot. (MhI el" tlic liiiiM- 
 iii-. iVom which CriKTul \V;i>hiiigtoii rcvicwcl tho pi'or,.<,i,,ii «hich h:><\ 
 I'SL'Oitcd liiiu iiili.! tho town. 
 
 Al'trr the ()r,L;:ini/,atum of Iho State Covnniiieut , the Ceiieial Court 
 met there iiiilil the eoiupletum of tlie present Slale-Iloiise, in IT'.IS. 
 The convention to nitily the Constitution of the i:nite.l States liegan 
 its .sessions thoiv, and in it, llio Constitution of .Massaehnselts was 
 
 franieil. 
 
 ]n \x.W tliel)uihlinL'was dedieatcd as a City Hall. an<l eontinned to bo 
 oecni.ie.l for thai puriH.se until the Court House, whieh sto(.d on tlie site 
 of llie pre-cMit City Hall, was remodeUed. and the City ( iov.Tnnie.t, re- 
 nioxed tlie,. In l-s'.S the po-^t-olliee was located there, at which time iv 
 force of lil'teen clerks was sullichMit to tran,~ael the husiness of the depart- 
 ment. 
 
 iam;iij. iiAi.i,. 
 
 The hall erected nud presented to the town by I'eli'r Faneuil was 
 completed in ITli', and at a. town meeting' on the l:tth of Seplend)er 
 of th;i! year, tlie huildinir was accepted, and a vote of thanks pa-M'd to 
 the' donor. Tlie action of tlu' town \\:i< as follows: — 
 
 ••Is Town ,Mi:i;riNi;. liiisros, Scptemlier 1:1. ITri. 
 '•Whereas inforuiatiou was uiveii to this town, al their meetiiej; in 
 .luly, 171(1. tlial I'eler Faneuil. Kxp. had hceii -•eneron-.ly pleased to 
 oiler, at his oun prop'^r oo<l and ehai-i'. to erect and huild a m.ble and 
 comideal structure or edifice, to l.e improved for a maiki't, lor llie sole 
 use. beiiclit, and advantage of the town; provided Ih'J town of I'.ostou 
 would pass a vote for tliat purpose, and lay the same under su.'h proper 
 vegidati.Hi- as shall he Ihouiilif ncve-^ary, and cnii>laully support it for 
 the said u>e ; 
 
 •• And wherea- al the said nicelin- it w.-is determined to accept of the 
 oiler or pioposal aforesaid ; and also voted that llie sdc-luieii slioidd bo 
 desired to wail upon Peter Faneuil, Ksip. and to piv-eiil the thanks of 
 this town to him. and aKo to aciuaint him that the town have, by t lieu- 
 vote, come lo a iv-.lulion (,. accept of his rrenerous olfer of erecting a, 
 niarket-house on Do.^k sipiare. according to his proposal: And whereas 
 I'eter Faneuil, Ksip, has, in pursuance thereof, at a very great expense, 
 erected a noble striielure, far exceeding his lirst proposal, inasmucli as it 
 contains not onlv a hiiL'e and snllicient accommodalion for a niaiket- 
 pl.ace, but has al'-o superadded a spacious and most beautiful town hall 
 over it. and several other c.mveuienl rooms, which may prove very ben- 
 
 I 
 
EVACUATIOX OF HOSTOX. 
 
 17 
 
 I'ficial to the town for odices, or otlicrwisi' ; mid llio s:iiil liiiiidiiij;- ho. 
 ing iio'.v (iiiislicil, liiis dclivcrt'd posst'.-isiuii tlicrccjl' to tlic s<'lt'itiii('ii. lor 
 the use of the town ; it is tlicrofore 
 
 " Voli'd, Tliiit t!u; town do, with the iitiiio-<t irratiliido, receive and 
 accept this most ,!f(MU'roiis and nolile benefaction, for tlie uses and inten- 
 tions llie\' are designed for, and do appoint the Honorable Thomas C'nsliing, 
 Ksq., the Jloderator of this meeting, the Hon. Aihim Winthrop, Kdward 
 Hntcliinson, Ezekiel Lewis, aM<l Sanniel Waldo, Ksqrs., Thomas Hutcli- 
 irison, Ksi)., the Sidectnien an<I repi-esentaliv(>s of the town of Uoston, 
 the Hon. Jacob Wendell, Ksq., James ISowdoin, Ksq., Andrew Oliver, 
 Ksq., Capt. Nathaniel C'nnningham, I'eter Chardon, Ksq., iind Mr. 
 Charles Apthorp, to wait npon I'oter Fanenil. Ksq., ioid, in the ii.'uiie of 
 the town, to render him their most hearty thanlis for so liotnitifiil a "■ift, 
 with their prayers that this, anil other expressidns of his honntv and 
 cliarity, may be abundantly recom[)enced with the divine blessing." 
 
 Another vole was passed, that in testimony of tlie town's gratitude to 
 I'eter I'"antanl, !uid to perpetuate his memory, '-the hall over tlie market- 
 place lie named ]'"aneiiil Hall, and at all limes liereafter be called and 
 known liy that name." As a further testimony of respect, the selectmen 
 wer(! inslrueteil to procure a portrait of ^Ir. Faneuil, at the town's 
 c.\|)ense. and place it in the hall. 
 
 This building was one hnndreil liy forty fi'i'l, and the h:dl W(.>uld con- 
 tain one thousand persons. It was burnt in 1701, and rebuilt, liv order 
 of the town, in 17(1:1, a lottery being authorized by the State to aid in 
 the design. In ISOG, the width of the building wa.s increased to eightv 
 feet, and a third .story was added. 
 
 The fir.st oration delivered in the hall was a eulogy on the death of 
 I'eter Faneuil, pronotniced by John Lovell, A. M., the master of the 
 Latin School. 
 
 During the siege of Boston tlie hall was titled nii inio a theatre, 
 where plays, derisive of the patriots, were performed. 
 
 •■ In this hall was first heard the eloquence of a Hancock, Ihe two 
 Adamses, a liowdoin. a Mi.lliueux, and a Warren. In this IkiII w.as 
 first kindled that divine spark of liberty, which, like an unconquerable 
 llame. has |iervaded Ihe continent —a llanie. which, while it proved :i 
 cloud of darkness to the enemies of America, has a|)pe:ired liki- a [lillar 
 of tire to the votaries of freedom, .and happily lighted tliem to euqiire 
 and independence." — Mussackusctls Mmjuzine. 
 
18 
 
 CKN'li;XNIAI, AKNIVEIJSAKY OF TllK 
 
 MAIN CUJAIiD-IIOUSE OF THE lilUTISIl TROOl'S. 
 "Wlioii tlif l".nti>li tiooiis hindi'il in liosloii, Govenuir I'mmikiviI ^'ave up 
 the Stato-IIonst' to tlu'iii, nuuli to the aniioyiuicc of the coiiits whicli siit 
 thciv, and to lh(" uicirhaiits and cilizcns wlio used tho hiwiT (lart of the 
 buiUlin- l(.i- an cxclning.' ; afler an nnsncvsslhl attempt to obtain 
 possession of llie ^lanniaetui y luiildiii- lor a hanaek. olhi'r l)niMin;4s 
 were pvocnie.l, in vaiions pails ..f the p.wn. in wlih'h th.' troops vvere 
 
 quartered. 
 
 The main t;uard was justed in a huildiuL' on Kiiiir ^-llvet, direelly 
 oppoMte llie south door ol' tlie Slale-lIon>e. and two lield-pieees u<Te 
 pointed directly towards it. 
 
 This was h>ok.'d upon as a menace to llie lilierty of the jieoide, and .an 
 altcuipt to overawe tlie h-ishdive au.l judicial bodies whieli met in tlie 
 StateUou^e. and ninoh indi.unation was .■xiiressed thereat. "When the 
 Superior Court met in Xoveiulier. 1 TO'.l, James Olis moved, '-Tliattlie 
 ,.„nrt adjourn to Faneuil Hall, not only :'« the stench oc'ash.ued by the 
 ic-nlars in the rei,re,-enlalives' chamlier miiihl prove infectious, but as it 
 was dcroL'atory to the luiuor of the court to admiuisler justice at the 
 mouths of cannon and the poinlsof liayoncts." 
 
 It was a ilelaehnieiit (.f the main guard, stationed in tliis building, 
 xvliic'li tired upon the pc'ople in King street, on the r.lh of March, 1770. 
 
 LONG WIIAUF. 
 In 1709, Oliver Noyes, and others, proposed to the town to build and 
 maintain a wharf with a sulllcient common sewer, from the cud of King 
 ( now Stale) >treet to low-water mark, " leaving a way three feet wide on 
 one of the shies thereof, as a highway for the use of the inhabilant.s of 
 said town and others, and to extend from on.' end of Ihe same unto the 
 other forever; and leaving a gap of sixteen Icel wide, covered over, for 
 lighters and boats to pass and repass, about the mid.llo of said wharf, or 
 where the Selectmen shall direct, as also a passage-i.ay on the new 
 wharves, on each side, f,.r cuts, elc. ; leaving the end of said wharf Hee 
 for the town, when tliey shall see reason, to plant guns for the defence 
 of said town." Tlie proposition was refcrre.l to the Seleclmen. who, in 
 1710, reported in favor of aceei)liug il, and ihey were authori/.ed to 
 execute l\w proper instrninonls, which they did on the F'.th of May. The 
 
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KVACL'ATION OJ liOSTo.V. 
 
 19 
 
 wliiiif wiis known (ir.st !is '• Itoslcm I'irr," and in llioact of inwu'ixniiliDn, 
 LriMulcil in 177;.>, is (Icscriljcd as " IJuston Tier, utlienviso ciilli'il dii' Ldm;,' 
 Wli.'uf." 
 
 TIk! property was iliviiloil into twonty-loiii' -Ikmim, ainl (Ic^ccndaiiN ni' 
 soino (if tli(! ciiliiiniil owni'i's still rclain tli.- (iwn.'i.-liip of ^liair^ and 
 stores. In 171,"), diiiinu llie war with Fraiiep, the town ereclrd a lirra>t- 
 W(mI; anil plaiilcil a line of i^iiiw upon llie ejid of the wharC. 'I'liis 
 ap|ieais lo lie the only in~t:inee of Ihr town's :nailijij; il^rlf of the 
 reservalion ennlaiiird in the L:iaiil lo the proprielors. 
 
 After llie fall ol' 1 isliiirij;, ( lovci'nnr Shirley land.'d here, and met 
 
 with a brilliant rec, .lion, (ieneral (ia;:!' landed here in 1771, and was 
 received by the nienihers of the Coinieil and Honse of Ueiiresenlalives. 
 Some of the princip.-il inh.Mliilanls of the town, wJ'h the eoiii|,;inv of 
 cadets, e.seorlcd him to the t'onneil ClKinilior amid saiute- of .•irlilleiv 
 .and the cheers of the peoph-. Mosi of (he ]?rili-li troop- landed lioic, 
 and llie .')lh and o^sih liiilish i'e,t;imcnts pinliarlicd from here for 
 Ihinkei' Hill. Wln'n the lirilish cvacnaled llie town this was Ihe 
 principal point of emharUation. A lar<,'o ipnuitity of sloros was lefl 
 upon Ihe whaif. and (ieneral (i:i!j;e's chariot was (akon from the dock 
 hroken. A liriijantinc, a sloop, and a schooner were seiillle.l and lefi 
 there, and many articles were foniid in llic drjck, ivliidi had lieon thrown 
 over liy the Uritish. 
 
1 
 
 20 
 
 t'KNTl'.NMAI, .\\MVi;i!SAI!V OK IIH; 
 
 ILLUMINATIONS. 
 
 On 111 
 
 (■ CVI'IIIMl' III 
 
 Miircli 17, I.s7t'>. llir rullouiiiL' liniMinirs wcri 
 
 illmiiiiiatcil liv llii' i-ity iuillinrilii's ; — 
 
 Fanciiil llnll, ( 'il y Hall. lli<- Old SlMlr-IImisc. ami llic Old 
 Sdiilli Chmrli. 'I'lic Slalc-lloiiso was illiimiiiatcd liy llu' ^^talf 
 aiithorilifs. Cai.'iiiiii iiiilils were cxliiliili'd I'nim liic lop u\' 
 lliiiik.T Hill .M.iniiiiiciit, al Doiclicslcr llciirlils, Cniiii llir Inp 
 (if the Laurence Sc1io(j1-Ii(iii>c, and fnmi llie ( 'cicliil nate slaiid-|iii)(t 
 al llie lliuliiands. 
 
 Inii'tfd iiy llie Anierii'ans dmint; llie 
 
 iililieiilnins were collis 
 
 ^lelXi' (111 
 
 D.irelioler Ilei^lils. (in llic liill where tlic sliuul-i)ip(! is 
 
 silnale(|, and on what was llien Umiwn as 
 llie I,aui'enc(^ Schdiil-linnse. 
 
 Xddk's Hill, IIk.' sile (if 
 
 The fiilhiwiiii; isalirief aeediiiil (if the lasl-iiu'nli(iii('(l plaees : — 
 
 i)()Uc:iiKsri',i! iiKiiiins. 
 
 'I'lie works (Hi l)(irelic>!er lleiulils were (•(Hisli 
 
 Iriicted Willi ii view of 
 
 l'oK-iii<illu>i'iieiiiy Idalinck llie AiiieiicMii 
 
 lines. On llie-iC.lluif KelirnaiT, 
 
 Wiisliiniildn wrote: '• I am iire|iarin- lo lake a lni'-t (in Dureliesler 
 Ileitilils, Id li-y iC the enemy will lie .so kind as to come (lul to ns." 
 
 'I'liework of (■onstnietin^- the rdrtilleatidiis was coi 
 
 imeneed about eight 
 
 dVldck. on tlie night of the Itli of March, and when nioniin^' dawned, the 
 works wei-e in a Cdinlition I" all'did a good defeiieo against small anus 
 and grape-shot. 
 
 The works e(.iiimaiided lidlh the hai'hor and the town, and '.eft Ili(^ 
 l'.rili>li liiit one idtenKilive. eiUicr to evaiamle the town, ov Id (hive the 
 Amerie:in< IVoiii their forliliealioii-^. 
 
 The latter conrso was determined iiiuin, and lueiity-fdiir hiin(h-ed men 
 were ordered lo rendezvous al Castle William, for the pnrimse of making 
 :i night attack upon the works. 
 
KVAf'lATIOy OF ItOSTOX. 
 
 21 
 
 'l'h:it .■iriciiKKiii ;i riiriiiiis >l<]|-iii mi'iisc; tlic >iirl' wms so 'jveni ii|»iii llic 
 
 >li(in' wlicro llic lioiils wcio lo Ikivc liiiidid IIjmI tlicy cnul.l iii>t h:i\i' 
 
 livcil ill il, mill llic (loij^ii W!iH iibiiiiiliiticcl. A cDUncil ul' u.ir \v:is liclil, 
 and it whu ili'lonniiii'd t(i cviicimti' (lie tdwii. 
 
 linMirUV ]"i)KI'. 
 Till' ('iicliitililli' stMllil-pilit' IiiMlliS (lie site (if wIkiI, Mils ooilsiiii'iTil ollU 
 (■rtiii' sli(iii|ii'^t (orU t'liiislnichMl liy llir AiiifiicMiis duriiiu' llir sipge. 
 
 It WMS llllill lIlldlT llic (lilccli(]ll (if (IcIKTill KlKIX, illul "MS lillclHIl US 
 
 llic KoxliiiiT Fort, sometimes ciilleil the lliuli or St:u' Koil. 
 
 The sli'eii<;lli of Its eoiislniclioii. iiinl lis [lositioii cjii Ihc top of ;i steep 
 hill, reiidereil it almost iiiiiireL;ii;ilile, 
 
 The iippoi 
 
 MioKS llll.r,. 
 irniice, on llio iiioniiii;' of Miireli 17th, 177(i, of the foiMillcii- 
 
 ill liii>teiieil the deiiiiiiiiic of the Hiitish ti( 
 
 It, 
 
 iiierieiins 
 
 tioiiH on Nool 
 
 coinplotid\' coiiiinaiidecl the touii. and its possession by the A 
 
 woulil phiec the IJiilish forces at their iiieicy. 
 
 All attonipt WHS made by the Americans to fortify il, <in the '.Mli of 
 Mai-eh, a strons detachment being sent for that purpose ; but one of the 
 iiicn kindled a lire, which was seen by the British, who coiiiMiencrd a 
 severe cannonade upon tlieiii. Fivi' Americans wcie IxiUed. and the 
 dclaclimiMit was forced to retire. 
 
 On tlic li''lli another (letachmeiit wiis sent to the hill, and -.m'ceeded in 
 I'ortifxinu: it, in spite of a heavy cannonade, and the ne\l iiiorninj;' the 
 liritish evaciialed the lonii. 
 
RECEPXrON OF THE WASHINGTON MEDAL. 
 
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TIIl'^ AVASIlINniON MKDAL. 
 
 'I'lic K"l'' Mi''l:il ciiiiiMic'iuoriitivc of the Kvnciialiiiii ol' lli.-inii liccaMii' 
 the iiriipi'ily (if (ic'iii'gi: Sli'ptoc \V:ishiiii;(iiii. (lie son ol' Saiiiurl \V:i-li- 
 iiinloii, who wu-i llio Gi'iicral's cMrr lirollicr. TIil' nrxt owner nT I ho 
 ]M('(l:il WMS Dr. Sainiifl AValU'r '\Va'<hiiijrloii, chlcst s(]m ol' (Icnri^o 
 Slc|it(ic \Va>hiiii;l(iii. On Ihr (Iceca-c of Ihc (hiclur al. Ila'^iMvood. \ir- 
 fliiiia, ill l^>.'ll,his widow l)e('aiMO possessed of tho relic. .She is still 
 liviiij:. Slie had f;'iveii it to her only .son, Georjic T.alayetle AVashiiieton, 
 who had inarrieil the daue'hter of her brother, the liev. Dr. .lohii ]>. 
 C'leiiison, of (layiiKint. Delaw.are. On tiie recent decea-.e of (ieor^ie 
 ].,al'ayette Washiiii;lon. the Medal Iiecaiiie the pro])erty of his widow. 
 Mis. Ann Ihill Washiii^lon, from whom with [iroper certillcales and 
 vouchers, by the generous co-operation of fifty citizens of lio^loii, it hiis 
 now been seciircil to the perinnnent ownership of this city, with wliicli it 
 is so L.'ratefnlly identified, and has been dei)o-,ile(l in tlie I'ulilie Library. 
 
 'I'lins il ap|ie!irs tliat the .Medal has lieeii transmilled throuiih llie 
 (leseeiiilaiits, in sncccssive ee||,.|-n| jimg^ of Cienoral Washington's rhler 
 lirolhor. They have fully apprecialcil its intrinsic and symbolic vahie, 
 ."iiid have anxionsly taken care for its safety nndcr the risks and perils 
 which have attended its piescrvation. Il is, itself, a most beaniifnl and 
 perfect specimen (>f workmanshi|i of the die and mint, and is witlunit a 
 blemish or any perceptilile wear of its sh.arp outlines. Duiiici our civil 
 war its then owner, (ieorgo ].,afayette Washinefou, was residing ehM en 
 miles from Harper's Ferry, on the main route to Winehesti-r, where lie' 
 belligi'ieiits held allemale pos>essi(ui. The Med.al. in its original CM>e 
 of grei'ii se,al-..kin. lined with vehel. was enveloped in eoHon. and, de- 
 posiled in a bii\.was buried in the dry cellar of a veiier.ilile ninn-ion 
 where (leneral W'ashiuLrlon Usually sp. nl iiiaiiy uioulhs of ihe ^. iiial 
 liorlioii uf llie \e.-ir. The luiiiiiial e.a>c, uhieli fell into deeay b\ Ihi^ 
 e\|in,-,nic, accoiiipanii's llie .Meilat in its proeiil repo.>ilor\ . 
 
2G 
 
 ( KNTKNMAI, AN M V I.KSAIIY Ol" 'rilK 
 
 The stifci'ssivc (iwiii'is iif this precious hcir-lnom liiivo oflcii hucn 
 soliciteil lo i);iit willi il liy |iriv:itr iiii|)(ii'liMiily, nr I'or piihlic! iiisliliilions, 
 hut liMVc :il«:i\s (U'<-lliii'(l tii do mi, li:i\iiii;' in vii'W IIimI if fvcr it iiiisscd 
 out (■(■ llicir hiiiiils il sliouhl hu to liiiil its r<'>liii;;-|il:ii,'i' in Ihi' ( ily of 
 IJoston. 'riic losses to wliieli its owners wei-o <MliJeeteil (hu'ing tin' JMle 
 w:ii-, eonenn iiii; witli tlie interest of tlie oceM^inn of tlie eenti'niii:il tiny 
 Avliieli it conMiieiuoriitetl, eomliimd to iiidiiee the nie:isini's wliieli hiive 
 li:i(l sneh ;i I'elieitoils fesnll. 
 
 A niemlier of the Wiisliington f;unily ii'sidin'^' in 'l\\:is, lieinir awaio 
 of tlie willingness of his kinswonimi in Dehiwiire to puit with the Meihil, 
 on the conditions jnst rcfened In. !idilress<'d !i Icttei', on the (ith of Inst 
 Dccrnilicr. to \\\> Honor, Jhiyor C'obh, niiduiij; |ii<i[iosals to l.iiin;^' idmnt 
 the inlencU'd oliject. 
 
 As tlie M:iyor did not judge it expedient to pi'opose !iny ollici.'d nction 
 to the city government, he eonsidted with the lloi'. Holiert ('. AViiilliKip 
 on the siilijeet, who iniiiiedi:ilely piciiMied :i suli>ciiption pniier, which 
 he, with the he.'iity cu-operation of the .Mayor and of ex-.Mayor the lion. 
 Otis \orcross, succeeded in having lilleil to the necessary aniount. 
 
 While this iiiea>iire was in progress the l!ev. Dr. Clciiison. the uncle 
 of the late (ieorge Lafayette Washington, and tlie father of his «idow, 
 Mis. Ann IJnII Washington, not heiiig aware of the laels just staleil, on 
 t'cliinary I'l', 1870. adilressed a letl< r to the Hon. .loliii ('. I'aiii, of this 
 city, opening a diiect funineiMcalion lietween tlu' owner of the .Medal 
 and lliose who were interesli n its trau'-fer, In this letter Dr. C'h'iu- 
 sou wiiles: " I might st.ilc that the .Medal «as veilially purchased liy 
 (iovernor .\udri>w. of your Male, and on this honored day [the liirlh- 
 day of Washington] was to have luen iiresenlcd to _\i.iir cilizeus. lint 
 his pirniature death Jirevented the eonsumrnalion." 
 
 'I'liis ^ledal, of whii'h a desciiplioii uill lie f.iiind in the following pages 
 of thU Mijuine, \uis ||ie olll,^ H"l'l medal given liy Congress to (ieneral 
 Wnshlngton, IliMweeii the dale of iMarcli -'.i. 177(1, wlieii this gill was 
 bestowed liy a lesohe of Congress, and Ihe year K^ili, liy voles of IIk! 
 same hody, a series of ten more gold medals was si ruck at llie Paris niini 
 ei^inuieinorative of the gri'at events and the great men of the War of the 
 Kevohitioii. The French (loverninent. |iieseiued a set of these in silver, 
 ineludiiig also one in the same met.al of that which had Iieeii uiven to him 
 
KVAfTATIOV OK liOSTOV. 
 
 27 
 
 ill i;olil, to ('!('iici-;il Wiishiii'/toii. II is iisscrtcd thai tlicv wci-f ini'pMicil 
 siilisl;iiili:illy iiiiilt'i' llic (liit'i'tioii of hal'ayiMlf. Tliis scries of clcvi'ii, 
 liiiouM as tlio '• 'Wasliiii^toM ;\rc(lals," on tlio iloccnst' of llic c'lilldlcss 
 (iciuM'al, were ilisposcd nt' with olhi'i' similar treasures, under llu' direc- 
 tion of liis administralor. .TiidLre liiishrod Washington, iiinoiig tlie heirs- 
 at-hi\v. They aft<'rwards came into the i)oss(>ssioii of the Hon. Daniel 
 AVclistcr. anil, soon after his decease, into the lian<ls of liis IVieiid. the 
 Hon. I'l'tei- Ilai'vey. of lio^ton. This L'enth'nian. in April, IsTI. most 
 ^elH'rou^^ly bestowed them upon the Massaelnisetts Historical .Society, 
 in whose cabinet they are now i;rati'fnlly treasured. Tints all the 
 " W'dsliiiiijlnu Mciliils" are now in Ihi' City of Huston. 
 
 rii()ci:i;i)iN(;s of •fiii-; Cfi'v coixcir, T!i;ti.\Ti\'i'. to \\\k 
 
 \V.\SllIN(il()N" MTdtAL. 
 
 At ;i nicetiii!.;' of (he I'loai'd of Aldcftiicii, Marcli 20, ISTti, llio 
 rollowin!^ coiniiiiiiiicatioii wtis received: — • 
 
 I-"..\r.i I rivK l)r;eAirr.Mi;Nr, March 20, l.^TtJ. 
 To Tin; HoNoiiAin.r; tiik C'lrv Coincii. : — 
 
 G'ciill'tiiicii, — It atforils me nuich pleasnrc to inf)iiii yon that the Liold 
 Medal (ircsented to General (icorge Washington by the American Con- 
 gress in 177f), connnemorative of tlie evaiaiatioii of lioston by the British 
 troops, was recently pnrrlia'^e.l of the Washington family by a ffw of 
 onr citizens, to be given by them to the City c^f lioston an<i preserved in 
 the lioston I'nblic Lilirary. This most valnable ri'lic. so iiecnli.arly 
 intere-ting to llosfcjn as commemorating the most important e\ent in 
 her history, has been placed in my hatiils, and by ine transferred to the 
 Trustees of the I'nblic Library, in whose ciistoily it is to remain, in 
 acconlaiiee with the wishes of the donors. A copy of tlio snbscription 
 list, witn the pieanilje sl;itiiig the object of the snliscripti.-n. is enclosed 
 lu'rcH ith. 
 
 SA>H KI. C. (OHl;, .1/"^'))-, 
 
28 r|-.XTKXXl.\T. ANNIVF,T!SAI!Y OF TIIK 
 
 [rC'V.] 
 Tl,o \nV'H' "oM Mra.l pivsml..,! to W;.sl.iMgt<m. by C.iV^ivss, for liis 
 si.rvi.T. -mrslMUv^ Ih- lirilisl, fom's Ihm. n.,st..n on tl.o ITtb ..C Maivl,. 
 ITTC. hnvin- ivMiaincl in Ihe \VM>lm,-tnM laiuilv lor . luMwhr.l v.'a.'s, is 
 „„„.. „ui„^ to Iho n.c<.>usl.n..s of iln in.uuMU.te own.T, pr,v.t..ly 
 ,„U.,va Ibr's.lo. Tl.o „nacrsign..l, IV.lin^ a.'.-i.ly IhMt s,„-h iv .u..Mmr,ul 
 sboMhl bo n,„onu Ih. n,ost .U.r\>h.a t.v.smvs of onr rity, .u„l sboubl 
 ,,,,,„i„,v ..o nnwh.T. .Isc, hcR.by <L.'rec to bo rosponsiiao to .u mnoi.tit 
 not cxm.bn- o.,o hmubva clolbu's o...b, lo. tbo imfol.Mso of the .M..b.l, 
 to bo i.ioscnt.Ml to Il.o City of liuslou, and inrsmvoa foievor ui tbo 
 Boston I'liljbr I.ibniry. 
 Dkclmiiku, 1ST.'). 
 
 i 
 
 liolicit C. Wintlirop, 
 
 ,Tohn Aiiioiy I.cjucII, 
 
 W. Aiiiory, 
 
 .lohii L. (iaiibior, 
 
 Samuel ('. Colib, 
 
 IJolioit M. Mason, 
 
 C'harb's Francis Ailanis 
 
 Otis Xorcross, 
 
 N. Tbaycr, 
 
 Cora V. Sliaw, 
 Martin Urimnior, 
 William Ca-ton. 
 Eihvard Austin, 
 Abbott Lawronco, 
 II. r. Kiiblor, 
 .Tamos Tarkcr, 
 H. 11. IlunnowoU, 
 
 S. 1). Warren, (ieorge W. Wales, 
 
 Natlianiel.l.r.radleo, K. U- Mnd-e, 
 
 J. IngersoU l$o«(liloli, William W. ■|-ueker, 
 
 Ilvnrv L. rioreo, Heniy (i. Denny, 
 
 '1'. (i. ApiiU'ton, 
 William Ainiloton, 
 William Kn.lieott, .Ir. 
 Cbarles FaulUner, 
 llein-y Lee, 
 
 •lanu'S L. Little, 
 V. V. llrooks, 
 Siilney lirooUs, 
 Isaao 'I'baeber, 
 Uenrv A. Wliitney, 
 
 William S. Appleton, liielianl C. C.n'enloaf, 
 
 Mary I'.rewer, Thcnmis WigglesNv,.rtli, 
 
 C. A. lireuer, Alvah A. liurrage, 
 
 George C. liiehardson. Alexantlor H. Hioo, 
 
 Amos A. Lawrence, .lames Davis, 
 
 Kben D. .Jordan, K. 1'.. Uigelow, 
 
 Waller Hastings, Charles Wliitney. 
 J. lluntinglon Woleott, 
 
 St'lit il()\Vll. 
 
i:VA( lA TION OI' liOSTON. 
 
 20 
 
 At tlic m<'otinj.f "(' till' Cniiininii ('(ninril, Alnrrh l'.'kI, tlic cdiii- 
 iiiiiiiii'iitiipii UMs icMil and |iliMci| cm lilc, and Mr. (Jiiilil, lA 
 \\'ar<l 1*, mI'Iit mjiut aiiiH'dprialf remarks, Dll'i'rcil tlir lollowing 
 resolves : — 
 
 Hi'xiilr,!!. 'I'liat till' lliMuks 111' Ihi! Cily CiMiiicil lie presented In Ilnii. 
 Hdliert ('. Wiiillirni) and Ids assoeiates, (iir their active interest and 
 siieeesstal ell'url in proeiiriiiif and iireMeiitiiiL; to tlie Cily f'onneil of 
 lioston the valnablo Medal whieli was ^iven to (leneral AVa--hin;^ton in 
 c'onniieiiiorMtiiin of liis distin;.ini-ihed serviecN in eonipellinij; the snrriiidor 
 of tlie Town of lioston liy the liritisli Army in 1770. 
 
 7iV,sv//(V7/, 'I'hat the niendiers of tlie City ('onneil arc esppcially <:rati- 
 (ied lliat tills preeioiis nieinorial of Wa-liiie.lton is heneefortli to aliide in 
 this eity, whoso relief from [leril was the occasion of its emission one 
 Imiidred years a,i;o. 
 
 'J'iic vosolvos were read (wieo and passed. 
 Sent up for coin'tirreinc. 
 
 Tn lioard of Aldeniien. ^Vlareh 27, 1870, the foregoing rcsidves 
 were passed in coneiirrenee, and were approved by the Mayor 
 March 28, 1870. 
 
 3» 
 
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 SERVICES IN MUSIC HALL. 
 
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I 
 
 SEKVICKS !N MUSIC HALL. 
 
 > >i 
 
 I lie Mlisii' Hull \v:i-^ well lill<il liy ;ill ilitclli^riil :iliil MplM'ciiM- 
 1iv(! inidii'iicc, (li(ir(iiiL;lily iiiibiu'il witli tiic s|piiit df the (ii'(':i>i(iii. 
 Tlic L('iri>l;itiin', the City ('oiiiicil, Mini rncnilirrs (,t' llir ('i(y (Iciv- 
 cniiiiciit (i((iii>i('(l m'mIs iijioii till' IIdoi'. I'l'iiii llic plMlt'iiriii were 
 .sctiti'il llic princiii.-iK'ivil, mililiiy .•iiid iinval riiitcil Slalcs niliccps ; 
 His Kxccllciicy the ( lovciiicir ami Slatl'; Hi- Hdmhi- ilu' LifiitriiMiit 
 (iovcrniir ; His Hdinn' 'lie .Miiyor ; the .(ii-ticrs ot' the Suinciiir 
 tluili(i:il ('(iiirt, tdi^i'llicr willi iii;my Ic^adin^r citi/.ciis. 
 
 The (l('c(irali(iiis wci'c foiiliiicd aliii(i>( ciilircly tu the plaHni'Mi. 
 and Were ap|i|-(iliriMl(' tci the (ic<a>iiin. in iVdiit (if tlic ii|;:aii, 
 cxtcMdiiii;- triiiu one sidi' oC the [ilatfoliii tii the otlicr and hall' way 
 fo the cciliiiu', Avas a inarooii-coldicd ciiilai]!. the hdrdir tiiiimicd 
 willi l)iiiitiiiij nt' till' iiatimiai cnlins In tin- i-ciiirr ot' the ii|i|icr 
 cdi^i' WHS a talik'l licariiiv' the dale "ITTil," siniiiniiiilcd li\' an 
 caixlc. At the (-(irncrs to llic liulit and Iclt rfs|icitiv('ly wcic fai - 
 similes dt' the dhvcist' and nvi'isc of the WasliinL'^lnn .Mi'dal. 
 15idd\v till' centre lalild IniiiLr a wliitc lianiici- hcai-iiii.'' iipdii it a 
 lci)r('siMitatidii d( till' I'inr- Tic r. Iii'luu- this was an l'Lnirii>li tlair 
 niiii a n'pn'st'iitatiiin dt' thr tir-l Aini'rican tlair, the stall's (■r()>si'il. 
 Till' front dl' till' plaU'dnn was di'mratcd \vith i vcrirt'criis and 
 I'alla lilii's. rpdii till' I'arr ut' thr iipprr lialfiiny wa- a irprc- 
 si'iitalidii i\l' till' rity >c'al, dri'dratrd .. illi liniitim: nl' lln' natinnal 
 (•olnrs. 
 
 Attai'lu'd Id the t'l'diil dftlii' ii'adiiiLT di'-k "a-tlii' nld iiaUrli tali- 
 U'l, licariiiLT. in rarviiiy;, the KiiiL^'s Anns, takni I'l'inn the I'l'dviiu'L' 
 
3i 
 
 CKNTKNNIAI. ANN! VKIISAIIV OK TIIK 
 
 llii 
 
 liiimlri'il yours Mg<. ; 1)1vs(Mvc<1 in llu' caliim 
 
 I of tlic Miiss. 
 
 Ilistorii'iil S(H'i('tv, Jiml louiicd fur tlif (icciision. 
 
 At -.'.iio ii'cli 
 the M;i\(pr Miltli 
 
 Jlllrl' lllllsli' 
 
 1)V till- (icriiiuiiiM I'>;niil. Ills Wmv 
 
 ■i\ 11 
 
 ic ;iuilli'lli'(' 111 
 
 llic f 
 
 iillowiuiT wcii'ds 
 
 'J'l 
 
 H' IIK'IU 
 
 Irts (if tills asscinl)lv arc invited to -iivc 
 
 tluir 
 
 ntlcntion wliili" prayer is (.lleiiil hy the 
 
 ]{ev. Dr. Maiinliij. 
 
 and a 
 
 i the (dose to nnlte in I'eiieatln^- the Lord's prayer, 
 
 I'u'v. Dr. MiiMiiiii.ir. pMsfor <if llio Old Sdiilh ('luinli. tin 
 )iriMvd till' foUdwiiiiJ: iiniycr : — 
 
 ri!AVi;i{ liv lii.v 
 
 HI!. .\l\NMN(i 
 
 A!mi"-litv (iiHl. whom we worship as the maker am 
 
 lis 
 
 .1 
 
 npliultler of worlds; w( 
 
 nve 
 
 'I'lu'e onr liuHd)le and most 
 
 lu'ai'tv thanks lor all Thy lavor and mercy toward onr na- 
 
 tive land. Especially do we 
 
 now 
 
 dui'ss to this beloved Commonw 
 
 thank Thee for Thy 
 ealtli: I'or Tliv favor- 
 
 iiu 
 
 orovidelice I 
 
 n the (lavs oi' its inl'ancv and CceliKiie; 
 
 aiK 
 
 nr own 
 
 I lor the men whom 'I'hoii didst raise up in o 
 itv. at the time to which onr thoujihts now ^o hack, who 
 
 cilv 
 
 forso(dc their homes and their dearest ti'casnres and n> 
 
 ciations. and risWiM 
 
 tl 
 
 le armed invader, ami seenr( 
 
 d their lives, that they might drive out 
 the hlesslnR.s of liliertv to 
 
 lliemselK 
 
 and to ns tiieir children 
 
 Idi 
 
 We thank Thee 
 
 loi- 
 
 tli( 
 
 nice V hieh Thoi, diil-t send them, which 
 
 <;reat delivera 
 
 are this day met to commeinorale 
 
 We thank '!" 
 that the motlier-conntrv, that Old I'jiiiland whose opjii 
 
 prov«d<ed onr fathers to take up arms 
 
 against her. i> 
 
 to-day our iirm friend and ally anion- the nation?: of 
 earth; and that the mother and dan;4hler are united 
 
KVA( lATHiN OK |!<»T<)\. 
 
 .T) 
 
 cllnrls to iiiaintniii ;i -|iii'll i>l' |ii;icc and gDoil-will l)i- 
 twccii tli(inscl\c^. jiiid ti> cMciid tlic hlt'ssiiif^s of a Cliris- 
 tiaii (In ili/.Mtinii ilii-(iiii:li<iut llic wnrhl. We lliank Tlicc 
 tliat 'I'linii lia-1 |pn-.ii-\i(l lu >.> ;^rial a dfiiifi' llii' valoi- 
 and sduniliios ol' oiir Nrw i'Iii;;land .-tock, so tlial lo-day 
 tlic (vrs ol'tliu nation ari' tnrnrd liilliiTward in tiic time of 
 cxli-cmity, for nion who >liali .-tfrn tlic llootls ofcoi'rnption 
 at lioiiif, and who >hall worthily fi|iri-cnt onr s|)ii'it and 
 Liuafd our inlfi'c-t> in loi-(i;;ii coints. I'rcpai'i' ns ikiu, 
 wc licscccji 'rhfc. to jirolit hy tlic lessons of histofic 
 scciU'S ami I'Nriits which may ])a~s in I'cvicw hcl'oi-c oni' 
 minds. I,ci it he impressed niion ns, while wc are listen- 
 ing- to 'I'liy sei-\anl. tiiat a jmre and npi'iulit chafaeter is 
 llie nio>l |ii'eeio(is relie of oiif jia-1 history whieh wc can 
 chcfisli; and that sueh a chafacter. hnilt np in ns and om- 
 childien, is tin- nohlc>t montiincnt wc can cfecl lo the 
 mcinofv of the nn'ii who hiiil the fonndations of om' j;ov- 
 orninciit. liless, wi' Ik'scccIi Tht-e, om- eiitife land; all its 
 I'nlcrs 'ind all its people. l{!e>> this lieloved ( 'oinmon- 
 wcalth, the citizens and those who aic in anlhoi'ity o\ci' 
 ns. Hi' ;:;i'acioiis unto the city in which we dwill, itcsfow- 
 injj^ 'I'hy favor upon its <;ovennnent. upon its indiistiics, 
 ii])on its chiii'ches, its schools and its liomes. !,et ns 
 never dei;cnei'ate front the heights of moral exccUcni'e 
 Avherc our fathers st<ioil. IJiit a-- the ccntin'ies pa>s away, 
 one after aiiothi'r, may the character of onr people he 
 lifted neartf and nearif to that pi^rfect stamhird of recti- 
 tude which is set hefore ns in thi' teachings and example 
 of 'J'hy Son, desii^ Christ. 
 
 Onr Father, which art in Heaven, hallowed he Thy 
 name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will he done in earth as 
 
:») 
 
 ( i;\Ti;.\MAI. .\NMVi;i!SAI!V dl' I'lIK 
 
 it is ill licavcii. (iivc lis liiis linv our diiilv hrciid; iiiid 
 lorj^'ivc us (iiir (li'))ts as wf lur^^iNc diir iK'l)t(i!'s; and :'.'ad 
 us not iiiiu t(in|ilaliiin. Iiut dclixrr us Iroin i'\il; I'nr tliiiu' 
 is liir kiii^doin. and tlii' jiowcr, and tlic ^niory, Inrcvcr. 
 Allien. 
 
 At tlic ('(Hii'liision (if till' |)iM\(r, llic ( icriiiMniii I'mikI phivcd a 
 sflt'ctioli, iil'icr uliicli llic ,M;iviir spcjlic ms IoIIows : — 
 
 INTIMUM rldliV Itr.MAliKS HI' M.VVuI; Cdlili. 
 
 l''i:r.r.()\v CiTi/KNs: — (Jnc liiindrcd years ago to-day 
 llif llritisii ami}', ai'tcr standing a sii'gc ol" almost a year, 
 vaeatcil tiie town f)l' JJostoii at daybreak, and sailed down 
 till' liarlior, lioiind lor IlaliCax. '^i'lie ( '(iiitiiieiita! tro<i]is 
 iiiiiiiediately inarclied in and took triiiin|>liaiit possession. 
 I'Voiii tliat day to tliis no hostile l"oree lias trod tlie streets 
 of tile good old town. '^Ilie nearest approacdi to sueli a 
 liinirdiation was in ISt)!!. when tlie t'onlederate army, at 
 tile eulminating point ol" its siieeessi's and ]io]ies, readied 
 ( Jettysbnrg. That army did not arrive in IJoston at that 
 time. It did ari'ive on the 17th of frmie, 1875, l)y some of 
 its representative organizations; not, however, lireathiug 
 threatenings and slaughter, hut hi'aring the olive-branch 
 of IVace, coming Avith fraternal conlidi'iice and receiving 
 a fraternal weleoiiu'; and on this vi'ry platform ])laced the 
 palmetto lieside the pine-tree, — tlii' two symbols never to 
 he sejiarated again, so they said, and so WH' said. 
 
 In a liki! s[)irit we will eelehrale tliis anniNcrsary of the 
 Evacuation, hoping, amid the grateful and jiatriotie nieiii- 
 ories that cluster about tile occasion, to strengthen still 
 Inrllier the bonds of concord between tlu' lati'lv hostile 
 
EVACUATION- OF ItOSTO.V. 
 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 sections of Uio ooinifrv, and also tlio irlalions of cofdial 
 amity bet ween tlie revolted colonies and tli(> motlier-coun- 
 trv, — foes a Inindred years ago, but IVicnds to-day i)y 
 every motive of inutnal interest and every sentiment of 
 kinsliip and eveiy generous iiojic for tlie world's jxaee 
 and the progress of Juunanity. 
 
 ^\c do well, feilow-cilizcns, in coming togetlier to-day 
 to listen to the story of the Siege and Evacuation. The 
 telling of it has been confi(U'd to one eminently lilted by 
 his studies and tastes to tell it thoroughly and well. 
 
 May we so listen to it as to be insjiired with new 1haid<- 
 I'ulness to the (Jod who uj)held onr fathei-s in their great 
 struggle, and who has carried their children through all the 
 trials and perils of the century, and with new vows of de- 
 votion to the nnity and welfare of our cnnitry, our whole 
 country, and the preservation and purity of its institu- 
 tions. 
 
 liy a most liappy coincidence with the si)irit ..f this oc- 
 casion, 1 am privileged to announce a circumstance which 
 Avill be a welcome delight to all our citizens. 'J'lie oi'ator 
 of the day would have had to remind you, that, in com- 
 memoration of the great ev-nt of this day, and as an 
 e.\i)ression of the prolbnnd respect of the i)eople for 
 Washington,— the head of our armies, — the Congress 
 at rhiladel])hia, which had appointed him to his connuand, 
 on learning that he had I'cgained the possession of JJoston,' 
 passed votes expressing their warmest jji-aise and o-rati- 
 tude, and providing that a :\[edal in gold, counnc inorating 
 the event, should be struck to ])e presented to liim. 
 
 That ]\redal, after the lapse of a huu.hvd years, now 
 visits for the first liuie the eity with which it has s,, vitallv 
 
38 
 
 CENTKN'N'TAt- AXMVKItSAKY <)K THE 
 
 inUresr.n- iis.soc-ialion.s. It has been clKTislied in the line 
 of the AVasliinglon laniily, fondly priw.l, an.l watrliCully 
 gnardcl. It has '-omv Ihtc to stay, and is thf pruprrty of 
 the city. By the consent; of its recent owner, and the 
 thonghtful lil)erality of a lew of onr citizens, it is hence- 
 forward, with proper vonchers lor its anthenticity and 
 transfer, to be deposited in the Pnblic Library of the city. 
 I now pnt it into yonr hands, sir, as you are about to 
 rehearse the history of the event which it conunenioratcs. 
 
 At tlie cnchision of the Mayor's rcnmrks. the orator of tho 
 duv, George E. Ellis, D.D., delivered the following iuUlre.ss : — 
 
 [The iuhlre.ss is here printed at length, as It was written. 
 Considerublo parts of it were omitted in the delivery.] 
 
 5% 
 
KVACUATION OF UObTON. 
 
 3<J 
 
 ADDRESS OF GEOROH E. ELLIS, D.D. 
 
 Mr. Maijor and Fcllow-CUizens: — 
 
 Till" Mi'inorial Modal whkh you have put into my 
 hauds is iiscH" the golden text, and substantially the 
 orator and tlie discourse of thi? Centennial Day. In the 
 disi-harye of the grateful and enviable olliee ^.vhieh you 
 liave assigned to me, I ean at best but interpret the de- 
 vice and expand the legend of this jjreeious tol<en. 
 Wrought of the purest of the metals, coined into grati- 
 tude and reverence, a magnetic jioAver of subtle and relin- 
 ing potency ought to inhere in it from the pure hands into 
 -which it first came. 
 
 It was the first gift, a complimentary tribute accom- 
 panying a hearty recognition of liigh service, — made by 
 what we mast call, by anticipation, our republic. It ex- 
 l)ressed the incipient nation's gratitude to its foremost 
 man, then, ever since, and never more than now. An 
 illegal assembly of delegates meeting at I'hiladelphia, 
 from twelve rebelling colonies, — not yet asserting their 
 Independence, but Avritiug loyally their grievances an<l 
 petitions to the King of Great Britain, who had expressly 
 forbidden their assembling, — had nevertheless commis- 
 sioned a military chieftain to head and lead an array of 
 armed patriots against the invading forces of that mon- 
 
40 
 
 C'KNI I.WI AI. A\M\ i.i!>;\i;v or iiii.: 
 
 arch. He liad dune so I'nr nine til' tlic cliviii iiiiuitlis 
 tlii'ou^li wliicli tliitsc^ Irodiis, iH'inl'orcctl and sii|ii>rK'd l)y a 
 iK't't ill tlif o|M'ii liai'l»i)i-, liad ln'cii lu'lcaj^iR'ivd on lliis 
 iK'ninsiila. 'I'lic skill and cniTj^y of tiiat connnandi'i' 
 devised measures ]>y wiiidi tin- Innniiiated army and fleet 
 of Hritain wore driven away, never to retm'ii here aji;ain. 
 
 I'iie ("onjjjress at I'hihuh'lpliia — a tiiirteenth colony 
 hi'iiij^ now ri'presenti'd in it — voted its ihaidvs and i^rati- 
 tnde to the connnander-in-eliiel', and provided lor this 
 golden medal to l)e strnek and pre.-i iiled to him. »Ioin» 
 Adams, witli two associates, was ehar^i'd with ari'au'^inj^ 
 lor its (U'viee and inscription, when it siionld he struck in 
 \iris. The decorator of this hall for to-day's exercises 
 ,is thrown out the .si'inhlance of the medal, in j)roportions 
 not one whit too enlarged. It hears, on the ohverse, a 
 jji'olile head of Washington, — said to have been an ad- 
 mirable likenes-s, — eneircled with an in.scriptioii in Latin, 
 which rt'ads in English, — "The American Congress to 
 George Washington, Connnander-in-Chief of its Armies : 
 The Assertor of Liberty." On the reverse, Washington 
 and his aids appear on hor.-^cback on the Heights of Dor- 
 chester, amid field-works and muniments, tlu' town of 
 IJoston in view, while the ciru'f points to the llei't of ve.s- 
 sels, Aviiose sterns show that they are leaving the harbor. 
 The inscription, Englished, is, "The enemy being first 
 routed, IJoston was recovered March xvii. ^IDCCLXX\T^." 
 There was an anticiiiatiou of triumph and of fame in 
 this public gift, made at so early a stagi' in a long strug- 
 gle, and in tlu' o|)ening of the national career of the 
 august commander. Lofty and yet modest in its self- 
 regards as was the dignhy of his spirit, was not this 
 
 ■.ik 
 
EVACUATIOX OF UOSvl'OX. 
 
 •11 
 
 treasured jj^ift, sonieiiines taki-n from it-< vpository and 
 ill llic rctireuient and liome privacy .-i AVashiiij^ton, 
 fondly {^azed upon, with tlir icikoniugfs of incnmry and a 
 good eonscience, in reeallin;^ tran(iuil]y tlic anxious past? 
 Tile medal, fully appreeiated for its intrinsic and syinl)oiic 
 value, has hei'U transmilted thronuh the I'aniily of his 
 elder brother. Durinjj: our civil war it was held liy iIkisc 
 who lived where the combatants on either side were 
 chaufiin;:: places. Then, for sale-kee])injj:, it was buried in 
 the f^round some eleven miles from Harper's Kerry, len- 
 der ground was the proper place lor it then; i'or it was 
 not meet that it should be in the sunliirht during the 
 struggle over the life of the nation which Washington iiad 
 created and saved. Shall we not all rejoice, fellow-citi- 
 zens, that just after a centiuy has transpired since a great 
 enterprise Avas eonsununated, this memorial of it has 
 found its ehrine in this rescued city? 
 
 It will be for the scholar, the orator, and etatesnian who 
 worthily owns the name and lineage of the lumori'd and 
 revered founder of this Town and State, in the glorious 
 sununer month of the Xation's Ceuteimial, to give elo- 
 quent voice to the echo of a hundred years of the procla- 
 mation of that nation's birth. ^ly word is limited to this 
 old i)cninsula of Boston. The event to-day couunemo- 
 rated, alike in the protracted and weary work which 
 culminated in it, and in its jdace and imj^ort in the yet 
 more protracted series of struggles which it opened, has 
 its transcendent interest and glory. "NYu commemorate 
 the Centennial of the one most memorable day in all the 
 two and a half centuries of the history of Boston, — the 
 day on which the only hostile force that has ever occupied 
 
42 
 
 CENTEXMAh ANKIVF.HSAUV OK TlIK 
 
 it was .hiviM from il, llrit its HC'attm'd inhabitants ini^'ht 
 ivtuin to Ihcir own homes and iK-acffnl ways of lioncst 
 indnstry. Tlu' liicnu' is ik.I one lor rhi'torical ornanR'Ut, 
 n.ir Jor ideal, inia-inalive tli-:lits. Its hislorie la.ts carry 
 with them stirred emotions and iiistrnclivt lessons. This 
 is the one day in the lon<? series of centennial <(.nnnenio. 
 rations, cxteiidinj,' lhron;,Hi seven years, that l..'l.in;;.s 
 c'spfcially and exc'. .vely to this dear old town of llos- 
 (on, — the day of Its ^v'vat deliverance from |..>tilencc, 
 swor ' and famine. 1 mnst, therefore, look nj.on ami 
 address all around me I'.r, natives of lioston; or, in the 
 exceptional cases of tiiose of yon who may not lu' m., as, 
 while duly deplorinj,' the misfortinie, at least its -jood citi- 
 zens, inchidinjx the sex that does not yet vote. Let m 
 recall the old town us it was at the tune with which we 
 have to deal. 
 
 Ol.l) lUISTOX. 
 
 Tt was a pear-shajted jieninsula, less than two miles 
 in its extreme length, and hut little more than one in its 
 --•reatest breadth. It hung to the main land at l{o\bnry 
 by a slender stem or m^ck, of a mile in length, so low and 
 narrow between tide-washed flats that it was often sub- 
 merged. It was occupied by the lirst colonists hi're as 
 tlieir caj/ital, because of these natural features; its sea- 
 Iront, its watei-horderings, and the ease of delending it 
 at the Neck against Indians and wolves. There was a 
 barrier construeted for this jiurpose near where the strong 
 lines and defences of our besieged enemy were i)lanted. 
 The territorial area and aspect of the peninsula had 
 been scarcely changed at all, ui their natural features, at 
 
IVAC t Alios UK IIOSTdV. 
 
 43 
 
 tlic timo of till' si' >'i' IVniii wiiiil tlicy wni' wli.n it wns 
 first sctlli'd. Kxlriiiinrmnry diiiiiTts liiivc l«iti iiiiitlc 
 since, iiK'st of tliciM williiM till' l:i^t iiiiir <riinir_\. Tin- 
 (>n<riiiii! seven iiiiiidred acres ol" solid iaml li.ive ii<.\s 1)(- 
 eoine nearly .ifleeM inmdn'd. 'I lie ;:ain lias lueii m.i.le 
 1)V reelaiiuiii-r (lie inua-l, oo/.y s; '. iiiai>lie>. llie e-liiarie>. 
 coves ami liays, once stn'tclriiu' wide on its noiilierii and 
 soulliern bonnds. Wlier. Ilie a>- ^a \va> tli< n llir naiTow- 
 est it is now tiie wide-l. IJi'sides tiie two elrvatiniis. 
 Copp's and Fort Hill, which ros.- on llie nortiieiii and 
 southern ends dI" tlie itronioiitory, anoliier with triple 
 suininits — the only one of whlt-h that remains i«. the >ile 
 of llie Stale llonse — {;ave the name of Tri-mouiitain, 
 or Tri'iiioni. to tlie settlement. 'I'he sharp deelivilie- and 
 bold nndnlatiims of (lie smface of the luninsula had n.pt 
 been dislnrbed al the lime of ih.' si.M.-e. The hnn(hvd 
 Mionm-hfares, lanes and alleys, with tlieir narrow eoiirls 
 •md simious windings, have been broadened and -liai;iiit- 
 cncd and extended and innltiplied; tiie whole Hinface lias 
 been levelled and graded, every scpiaiv inch of it has been 
 tnrned over and over, an<l it has luin bnrrowed nndei- 
 gronnd as diligently as it has been conrsed aix.ve. ^hnv 
 labor and money have been exi)ended npon the nuTe soil 
 of Ibis peninsula than ti]>oii the land snrface of all our 
 other ol.l cities. The granite ledges of the coast ami of 
 the interior, the forestrj .d' Maine, the sand and grav.l of 
 our country bills, have been depo.Mted here to give n> 
 deep water nnngins, to fringe oil cnr nnu'shes, and to 
 make new territory. Abounding bridges antl cau.seways 
 umko U3 forget tlmt this town ever was a peninsula. The 
 thought not irreverently tsuggesls itbelf that if the Creu- 
 
M 
 
 CENTEXXUVL ^VXXIVERSAnV OF THE 
 
 tor — as we used to say — but as scicneo is now tryiiiy to 
 teach lis to phrase it, if tlie Evolving Power, had had re- 
 gard to our wishes as to the disposal ol' land and water in 
 this neighborhood, we niigiit have been relieved of nuieh 
 cost and toil. The numerous islands in our iH'autil'ul 1)ay 
 bore still some renuiants of their original woods, or were 
 covered with tilled fields and jiastures for flocks. 
 
 The old town had been for nearly a hundred and fifty 
 years the scene of ])eace, tlu'ift and happiness — witli the 
 buffetings of human experience mingled in — lor exiles, 
 almost wholly irom ]Ongland, with their descendants. 
 Just previous to the time of its sharp trial it was a i)rivi- 
 leged and an enviable hei-itage. It enjoyed an enlail of 
 blessings from the toils of a laborious, virtuous and (god- 
 fearing ancestry, and from a softened, but not I'epudialcd, 
 Puritan sway in its households and modes of life. From 
 extant letters, diaries, family traditions, mercantile ledgers 
 and drawings, the old toMu may be set forth with sucli 
 charms of thrift and cond'ort, and tranquil prosj)erity, as 
 to draw irom some of its ])i'esent citizens regrets that 
 their times had not been then rather than now. Its 
 homes and marts of business were occupied by ])eople, 
 mostly of one race and mother country and language, 
 with common nicinories, traditions and interests. One 
 little rill, and that from a most healthful and welcduie 
 strciun, had tlien flowed in from a foreign somve, giving 
 us, with the Huguenot exiles, names gratefully cherished 
 among us, as Bowdoin, Faneuil, Bassett, Sigourney, 
 Johounott, Dupee, Ch 'rdon, and others. 
 
 "AVe!l-to-do," "fore-handed," were the local phrases by 
 which the general condition of the people would have 
 
EVACrATlOK OF ROSTOX. 
 
 45 
 
 been described. There was real wealll , to.,, hi llie bands 
 of some, with couii)lacency, hixiuy and display. Tlu're 
 were stately and substantial dwi'llii.-s, with ricli and 
 solid fnrnisbin-s, for parlor, dining-r..oni. ball and rbain- 
 ber, Avitb plate and tapestry, brocades and laces. There 
 were portraits, by ibrei-n .nd resident artists, of those who 
 were ancestors, and of those who meant to be ancestors. 
 There were formal costumes and manners for the gentry, 
 with parade and eti<iuette, a seU-respectin- decorum in 
 intercourse with their own and other classes, warm hospi- 
 tality, good appetites, and abundant viands, rupiid and 
 solid, for all. The buildings were detached, none of them 
 in blocks. The homes of many of the merchant princes 
 and high magistrates were relatively more palatial than 
 arc any in the city to-day. Thc^y stood conspicuous and 
 large, surrounded by genen.us si.aces, with lawns and 
 trees, with fruit and vegetable gardens, and iields lor pas- 
 ture, and c..acli and cattle barns. There were line equi- 
 pages, with black coaclnneii and footmen. There were 
 stiU wide nnfeiieed spaces, .le.livilies and thickets, where 
 the barberry bush, the flag and the ninllen-stalk grew 
 undisturbed. There were many .piaint <.ld nooks and 
 corners, taverns and inns, "collee-honses'- the drmkmg- 
 vessels in which were - >t especially adapted to that 
 |,c,.eraoe- shops designated by emblems and symbols, 
 lo'ter:.rg places for news and gossip, resorts of boys and 
 negroes for play or roguery, and some .lark holes <.n 
 wharf or lane. Boston was the chief mart of the prov- 
 ince, which numbered nearly :U9,000 when Xew York 
 had 2:}8,00(). The inhabitants in th.^ town w.'re ab.)Ut 
 17,000. There svere some 12,000 buildings, four being of 
 
4G 
 
 CEXTENNTAL AXXIVEHSAKY OF THE 
 
 stone, of which King's Chapel alone remains. Between 
 Beaeon antl the foot of Park street, stood the Work- 
 house, the Poor-house and the Bridewell, all iaeing the 
 Counnon. On the site of the Park-sti'eet ehureli stood 
 the trranary; opposite, a large manul'aetory building, 
 nsed by the British for a hospital. The Jail oeenpied the 
 site of the present Court-IIouse. King and t^ueen, now 
 State and Court streets, Avere the most eoini)aetly eovered 
 and lined l)y taverns, dwellings, marts and olllees of 
 exchange. The hcnise provided by the province lor the 
 British Governor Avas opposite the Old South, standing 
 far back, stately, commodious, with trees and lawn iij) to 
 AVashington street. The Old State House, with a dignity 
 which it has not now, held the halls of the Council and the 
 lve[)resentatives, with royal portraits and adorniugs. llow 
 little is there here now Avhicli the patriots and citizens of 
 the old days, if they came back, would recognize! Tiiey 
 Avould think that Ave had set ourselves to obliterate all 
 traces of them and their Avays. Wo cannot but regret the 
 removal of all our old landmarks, and the changing of 
 ancient names for new. True, the surface of the earth 
 and its superstructures belong to the living generation, to 
 be disposed Avholly for its comfort and convenience. The 
 dead can claim only a resting-place beneath it. They 
 have by no means secured even that always here; and if 
 they should come out from their repose many would have 
 to select their grave-stones from an ornamental border, or 
 Avould Avonder liow other people's names Avere insc-i'ibed 
 over their tenements. In the interest of historians, sur- 
 veyoi's, searchers of titles, of those Avho would know hoAV 
 things looked and were called before they Avcre boi'u, and 
 
EVAClA'l'lOX or ROSTOV. 
 
 who Avoiiltl be reasonably sure that Ihoy hoUl the foe of 
 their own gi-aves, let there be heneefoi'ward no needless 
 changing of names, exeejjt it nny lie U) restore old ones. 
 For we not only wish to know our fathers, but should wisli 
 them to know us. 
 
 Yet, as the years of strife were ajiproaehing, there had 
 come in one qualifying element to the internal harmony and 
 security of old Uostttn, for there were those under its roofs 
 a century ago who wei'e divided against themselves. For 
 more than a half of its first hundred years the town and 
 the colony had been substantially independent of all Ibr- 
 eign control; pursuing iiulustry and trade on its ovn re- 
 sources; choosing its own magistrates and holding them 
 to account; making and administenng its own laws; light- 
 ing its own battles with Indians, Dutch and Frenchmen; 
 never, even in poverty or stress of peril, asking, but rather 
 repudiating, public aid from abroad. King and Parliament 
 had been tolerated as undesired correspondents, for re- 
 monstrant and deferential, and rather melancholy letters, 
 but the ocean and some other things had had a very chill- 
 ing effect ujjon love. English ai'mies had begun to find 
 their way hither, to fight Avith us, or for us, incidentally to 
 the more exigent i)urpose of driving the French olf the 
 continent; and, of course, l']nghuul wanted rennmeration 
 for these services. For more than three quarters of a cen- 
 tury belln'e the war, this province, which had i)rosi)ered 
 best when most neglected, which had earned all the liber- 
 tics it claimed, and never, for a moment, really yielded, had 
 fallen inuler the sway of foreign masters. 
 
 By its second charter, King, ^Ministry and Farliament, 
 represented here by crown oflicials, overruled those legis- 
 
48 
 
 CEXTEXNIAL AXXIVEItSAllY OF THE 
 
 lativc and judicial functions whieli had previously been 
 freely disposed by the people. ]Joston became, in minia- 
 ture', a vicc-royahy, with coiirl and diurcli. A subtle but 
 lM)tcMl inlliicnce bronj^lit in loreign interests and regards, 
 I'l'i'liim's and mnimcrs, I'asliions and distinctions. 'Die old 
 sterling, tin'il"ty, frugal stock of tlie jjcoidc, liolding tiieir 
 independence as tongliiy as a trailition, as they were about 
 I)y lighting to make it a certainty, could not and would 
 not liarmonize with this new element. They would bow, 
 but they would not bend. They would petition, but they 
 would U(jt comply. They would chatl'er, but would ratify 
 no bargain about liberty. 
 
 Trade, too, though it liad enriched, had demoralized a 
 portion of the conununity; Ibr nine-tenths of that trade 
 was what is known in law as smuggling. A lhonsan<l 
 vessels cleared from IJoston in a year, coursing our coasts 
 and skinnning all open seas. The revenue laws imposed 
 by Parliament, to restrain the internal and the foreign 
 trallic and commerce ol" the colonies, were so onerous and 
 severe, that our pco])le acted on the assumption, long be- 
 fore they fought for and assured it, that the king of Eng- 
 land had no right to a revenue from this side of the water, 
 no more than any one can draw checks on a hank in which 
 ho has made no deposit. Ail mannl'actures, even of articles 
 of prime necessity, from our own raw materials even, were 
 strictly prohibited. f)nr peopK- did not mean to be jioor. 
 They wished to k( ep their own books. Th(y ol)jected to 
 a partnershi|) wliidi did not inciv.'ase their capital, nor 
 extend tlu> good-will of tlieir conceiai. 
 
 So that with the crown ollicials resident here, their 
 descendants, tlu'ir satellites, and a class of niei-chants 
 
EVACUATION- OF IJOSTOX. 
 
 49 
 
 whose iiiteiH-.st8, as traders, Avere i-atlier with Enolancl 
 tliau witli Ameriea, we find the keen and vi^^orous 
 materials of a party within tlie town hostile to its loeal 
 and traditional .spirit. To these arc to he added alike in 
 the town, and throughout this as well as in the other 
 provinees, a few men, high-minded and tnie-hearted, 
 intelligent, respeeted for talent, culture, position and 
 infhienee, who, with fond clingings to the mother-country, 
 or with halting judgments as they cast the horoscope of 
 the future, or with timid misgivings as to tlie prohahle 
 issue of rehellion, shrank fi-om a decision, put in cautions, 
 raised remonstrances, or were goaded by the impatience 
 or rudeness of popular measures into committing them- 
 selves to the doomed side. These loyalists, tories, " gov- 
 ernment-men," Avhile being jealously watched and harshly 
 treated by the liberty party, were coriespondingly Ihittercd 
 and cajoled by the crown otlicials with promises of innnu- 
 nity and compensation. But all the inhabitants t)f the 
 town, rebels and tones alike, were to be common sulferers 
 in the fate awaiting them. 
 
 THE PREPARATI0\ FOR TtlE SIEGE. 
 
 In this warring and distracted world, sieges, the belca- 
 guerment of towns, cities and fortresses, by forces on sea or 
 land, form one of the largest and most exciting elements 
 of all history. A list of them might be classified, and 
 duplicated e\en, under all the letters of the alphabet, 
 tossing in strange confusion the troubled annals of all lands 
 and all epochs. Stories of skilled manoeuvre and artful 
 stratagem, shn-ies of harrowing sufiering and of sublime 
 heroism, wrought int.. thrilling narratives <.f prose, or 
 
50 
 
 CENTENNIAL AJTVIVERSAJIY OF THE 
 
 sung in the music and rliythm of immortal poetry, rehearse 
 for us the literature of sieges. We run over, in memory, 
 the leading names of that ali)habetieal list, with Aere and 
 Babylon, Calais ami Derry, Gibraltar, Jerusalem. Luek- 
 now, ]Malta and Metz, Paris and Tampeluna, Koehelle, 
 Saragossa and Sevastopol and Troy, not forgetting the 
 atrocities and the nobleness so glowingly presented by our 
 own Motley in his history of the beleagin-ed cities of the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 The passions of love and hate, of creed and empire, of 
 blood and djniasties, have been the weapons of assailers or 
 defenders; and with rare exceptions, in all sieges, the 
 enemy has been without the citadel, and those within it 
 have been guarding their own homes. But this old town 
 of Boston a century ago w is invested by its own people 
 against a foe who held it in thrall. The story of the con- 
 tention, running through the ten previous years, which re- 
 sulted in seven years of war on this continent, is, or ought 
 to be, familiar for this Centennial season to all who hear 
 me. The record and the spectacle, as confmcd simply to 
 this spot of earth, and crowded with matter of surjjassing 
 interest, are more than enough for our hurried glance 
 to-day. 
 
 The descendants of those exiles Avho, a century and a 
 half before, had settled upon this rough and barren i)rom- 
 ontory, had turned wealaiess lo strength, and had 
 attained thrift and vigor irom their rugged conditions. 
 The spirit of liberty was in their souls, and the power 
 to maintain it was in their veins and iibre. They always 
 had been free, in night, in distance, in neglect, and even 
 hi contempt. And they meant to be free, when, hopefully 
 
s, 
 
 EVACUATION OK liOSTO.V. 
 
 31 
 
 and li;ii)i)ily jxatluM'injj^ tlic liarvost from a hard soil and a 
 hard tillage, llu'y had bcfoine a covi'li'd prizo fur ])arlia- 
 nicntary npoil and a royal rovomic. Si'vcn years hcf'oro 
 tliu (■atas(roi)]io, crows of forcij^n .sailors, and marines to 
 protect its landinj^', had hronght from over the seas u 
 detaclnnent of tlie royal army, who had taken military 
 ])ossessi()n of this town. Had and trcaclu-rous advices 
 from crown ofllcials heiv had bopu stealthily sent to the 
 royal cabinet fliat two regiments of British regulars would 
 overawe and crush out the demagogue spirit of a few 
 restless men who were here fomenting rebellion. The 
 further advices — a trille, but nm much wiser — wore that 
 five regiments would sweep the continent of rebellion. 
 The larger number was multiplied many times, with mer- 
 cenary allies, too; but the continent was too large and 
 hard for the uroor.i. Protests, pleadings and remon- 
 strances, with tongue and pen, had exhausted all their 
 jH'accful methods against the quartering of troops in the 
 town. But still they came, with arrogance, insult and 
 defiance, and finally held llie town against the dwellcivs in 
 its homes. The farmers and mechanics of the adjoining 
 country, in this environment of hill and valley, gathered 
 almost in a circle around them, and bade them stay 
 strictly in the close quarters where they were so unwel- 
 come, or take themselves off by the water-way on which 
 they came. Both parties, in due time, as we shall see, 
 came to accord in the latter alternative. 
 
 This beleaguerment of the soldiers of his ^Majesty on 
 the little i)eninsula Avhich they had invaded was the 
 natural, tliough somewhat protracted, result of every 
 preceding incident in the controversy. If such troo|)a 
 
52 
 
 CENTENTs'I^VL ANKIVKUSAIIY OP THE 
 
 caiiR- hitluT iit all, the law providud Ibr Uumi hiunu-U 
 at the Castk", as the cows had a vested right to the 
 ConuHuu, and the eitizens to then- streets and buildin-s. 
 The eouiinander even had the eoiilidenee to deiiiaiul that 
 the proviuee should pay these troops; a proposition 
 Avhieh, of eoiirse, was not approved. The town-meetings 
 were from the first, and all along to the siege, the great 
 resouret" of the inhabitants, where courages and shrewdness, 
 temporizing or firm decision, met evei-y i-mergency as 
 it arose. When the mischief of these Boston town-meet- 
 mgs was realized by the royal councillors, their General 
 was ordered to forbid the calling of another. But the 
 selectmen replied that they ha.l no occasi.Mi to call 
 another, as the last one was kept alive l)y adjournment. 
 So the General wrote back, that, for all that he could 
 see, or say, or do, one town-meeting might extend 
 through ten years. 
 
 What the people had foreboded from the presence of the 
 soldiers occurred in due time, on IMarch 5, 1770, when a 
 squad of them, on being annoyed and insulted by a few 
 boys and their abettors, fired upon the crowd. The 
 so-called " Horrid :^[assacre" furnished the theme for the 
 annual oration on that day -"The Danger of Standing 
 Armies in Popidous To\vns in Times of Feace." The 
 occasion was duly honored by the api)ointcd orator, six 
 years afterwards, in Watertown, as the troops were pre- 
 paring to evacuate. The destruction of the tea in our 
 harlx!^-, in December, 177:?, was followed by the vindictive 
 i'arliamentary Bill, which tightly closed the Port of Bos- 
 ton to all commerce and water intcrcoiu'sc on Juuelst,^ 
 1771, the day on which, with the melancholy tolling of 
 
EVACUATION Oi'' HOSTOX, 
 
 53 
 
 miitlled bells, fitly enough, Iluteliinson embarked for 
 England. 
 
 From that vengeful measure, more than from any other 
 single event, may be dated the suceession of measures 
 upon l)oth sides — though still to be wearily and wofully 
 deferred for its final aet — which broke the bond between 
 England and her American colonies. In the pitiful con- 
 dition to which it was now reduced, the melancholy and 
 starving town appealed to the other towns in this prov- 
 ince, and to the other provinces, and made its own cause 
 one of warning and concern to the whole continent. The 
 appeals were nobly answered, and generous contrib\itions 
 of goods, and food and money Aver(^ made to the stricken 
 and impoverished people i'nnn all tuc seaboard and inland 
 settlements, including even Canada. A generous gift 
 from the future conunander appears on the list. Then 
 came a royal breach of tlie organic provisions of the 
 Province Charter, assuming for the King the appointmiMit 
 by mandanuis of the Governor's councillors, and subverting 
 the securities for the conduct of courts of justice. In the 
 judgment of reason and ecpiity, not as a prompting of 
 passion, this royal breach was regarded as arresting the 
 royal sway in this province. Henceforward the King's 
 (Governor became a military general instead of a civil 
 magistrate; his ollicial power was restricted innnediately 
 to this peninsula, or to whatever range he might cover 
 with his forces. The province, as we shall see, first of its 
 o^vn impulse, and then by help of advice from the Conti- 
 nental Congress, took measures for forming and adminis- 
 tering, as a substitute, a i)opuli"' government. That train 
 of measures was initiated in a Massachusetts Assembly, at 
 
r,i 
 
 CENTKNM.VI. A.\XIVE«SiVI{Y OK TIIK 
 
 Snloin, ill .Tuuc. 177i, mooting with doors looked iigaiiiHt 
 the ;;()Vonn tr's votoing inoissongor, when delegntos Avore 
 oonuni^^^ionod to a Continontnl Congresw. ('oiiimittoos of 
 Correspondonco ))iisily pin-smnl tlioir bynipatiiotio tasks. 
 Attempts, once iialHod and oiioo snocessCnl, wi'i'o made hy 
 dotachments of soldiers to seize supplies whieh (lie prov- 
 ineo was l)eginning to gather lor the impending strife. 
 Against the remonstranoes of the Seleetmen of Boston, 
 enforoed hy those of the Continental Congress, ({eni>ral 
 (Jage renewed and strengthened the lortinoations on the 
 Xeek, alleging that he did not design to prevent tree 
 ingress and egress, hut only to ])roteet his own troops. 
 His oflieial spies had more than onee heen sent out into 
 the adjoining country, and returned with over-estimates 
 of the stores whieh the provinoials were gathering. Our 
 Centennial of the last year told ns all there is to he told 
 of the raid of Ai)ril V.K after the stores at Concord, with 
 the British invasion of the country, and of the humiliation 
 of the disorderly return to town. Better would it have 
 hceu for them then had they tarried longer in Charlestown. 
 Certain ventures made hy the provincials to secure hay and 
 live stock upon the harlxir islands, in defiance of British 
 gunhoats, fill the interval to the day of Bunker Hill. 
 The story of that, too, has been exhaustively told. 
 
 TUE CLOSING IN OF BOSTON. 
 
 The first stage in the i ivestinent of Boston, for the pur- 
 pose of confining the royal forces to the ]H'ninsula, began 
 on the evening of the day of Concord and Lexington. 
 Minute-men, farmers, mechanics, and miscellaneous bands 
 and groups, with such weapons as they could put their 
 
 ■ 
 
EVACITATION OF llOSTOV. 
 
 55 
 
 hands on, and such rations as tluir households fiiniislu'd 
 Ibr llio uiomi'Ut, <>a(h('r('d u|)ou every loot ol' soil on the 
 suri'ouudiui;' main lai\d of iiiil, field and marsh. They 
 <'lian;i;ed day hy day lor nearly a year ensuini?, hut only hy 
 sul)stituliim oC persons and material. They came first as 
 startled men rush out to a eonlla;j:ration, and slay hy to 
 watch lest it should spread. Cattle were still ))rowsinj;- in 
 the jiastiwcs, and horses were tethered to the carts they had 
 drawn with their rustic freight. The jjicturcsque f.'-roups, in 
 the homely array of the iariii or the workshop, with tiieir 
 arljors or shanties, and an occasional tent e.\tem[)ori/ed 
 Iroin a lishin<^-smacl<, as seen from a quiet distance mij>ht 
 have suggested a gy]isy cncam]»ment, or a spring picnic. 
 But they stayed there so long and to such purpose, with 
 such a Avoi'k to do, and imdcr the training of such a mas- 
 ter mind and hand, as to hecome an army, unil'ni'ined, 
 drilled, disciplined and olliccred for a campaign after the 
 stern methods of war. The helcagucrmcnt and invest- 
 ment of the little sca-Avashed jjeninsula, which wi'ri' to 
 extend stcadil}', with sterner clasp and throttle lor the 
 eleven ensuing months, hegan then. There was still some 
 passing in and out of the town, by land or water, mider 
 surveillance, allowed by privilege, or for ])urposes of 
 necessity, or seized by spies, informers, deserters, or those 
 of adventurous daring. But the invading forces, were 
 held to their oontraeted quarters, and henceforward were 
 deprived of vegetables and fresh provisions, except such 
 as they could seize from the islands, or obtain by a supply 
 vessel. Then came the aggravation of the miseries of the 
 patriotic inhabitants of the town, insulted by the military, 
 sneered at by their own follow-citizens, — who boastfully 
 
S6 
 
 CKNTr.NMAI, AVNIVKHSAIiY f)F THK 
 
 liclil. iis royalists, to what tin y trustod was lo be the win- 
 n'\\\ii Niih', — straitened for tiio usual suiiplies of life, and 
 reasoiialiiy ap|iivlieiisive of pestilence and famine within, 
 and of a fnll share in the perils of an assault from their 
 friends outside. 
 
 KEMOVAI, 01'' THE INltAHITANTS OF BOSTON. 
 
 Before the battle in CMiarlestnwn the distress and the 
 dreails of most of the 17.01)0 inhahilants of the town in- 
 duced thorn to make an appeal to (ien. (Ja^c for lilM-rty to 
 leave it, as tiie fortifieations on the Xeck were rijridly 
 sruarded, the ferrv-wavs were elosed, and not even a fishini;- 
 boat could leave the wharves. The alternative of leaving 
 or remaininjj^ was an I'mbarrassing and cruel oni' f()r the 
 people themselves; and the j^ranting orrefnsinj"- |)ermi-si()n 
 was ;in I'ipially perplexi'd and balanced alternative to the 
 General. A protracted towii-meetinj;^ in Fanenil Hall, 
 including the whole of a Sunday, jiresided over by James 
 liowiloiu. witii prayer by Or. I]iiot, was excitedly iiiven to 
 the matter, 'riic result was a covenant, by wliich the 
 General aiireed that such citi/eus, with their families, as 
 wished to go out, on depositing their arms, and agreeing 
 not to take ]iart in an assault on the town. slK)uId have 
 passes, and facilities by boat or carriage, for leaving with 
 their etVeets. Those who sought the liberty surrendered 
 their weapons, and were prepared to desert their homes 
 and warehouses, yielding them to risks of ])lunder, fire 
 and destruction, to give up their occupations for a liveli- 
 hood, iuid to take their cuanee, as dei)endents on their 
 country friends. Rut the CJeneral faltered in his part of 
 the covenant, alleging that arms and even cannon had been 
 
HV.\( TATIoN OF ll<»>r(l\. 
 
 B7 
 
 i 
 
 cai'tfil out (if tlio t(j\vii, liiildiii iiiidir loads ol' iiiiimiri' ami 
 livotluM" tricks. The loyalists in tlir lowii protested auaiiist 
 a measure wliieli, ill de|iri\iii;;- il n|' ail wim s\ iii|iallii/e(l 
 willi the reliels (Uitside, streiiullieiied llieir ( aii>e and in- 
 terest, and would make tliem more inc Tnu'd tolioniliard the 
 garrison and all who were lel't in it. Under their outcries, 
 backed liythe advice; of some ol' his remainiiif; coiiiicillors, 
 Gage withheld the promised lacilities I'oi- exit, n.tidi' it 
 dillifult for any to obtain passes, posit iscly iorhade them 
 to some applicants, limited the meaniii<,M)r the wdrde feets 
 to clothiiij;' and household lurniture. cxeludiiig j>:ooils, food, 
 and even medicines, and thus au',i;'ravatcd at once anxiety 
 for escape fi-om the town, and the dilliculty of secui'in;.r it. 
 The exi,u'eneii's of the case, however, compelKil him to 
 allow the exit of a large proiiortiou of the people, while he 
 forbade the selectmen, and individuals of whom he was 
 jealous, to join them, (iladly did he rid himself of the 
 infirm and poor, the sick, women and children. 
 
 It was estimated that before the battle in ("harlesfown 
 10,000 of the inhabitants had left the two peninsulas. All 
 such of the exiles as had not friends willing and able to 
 receive them were provided for l)y the province, with a 
 tenderly-guiirded condition that they were not to l)e held to 
 be paupers, but sustained by a (Ixtd weekly allowance. Jn 
 many cases, one or more members of a family, or agents of 
 merchants, remained in town to guard interests or prop- 
 erty at risk, and others, as just stated, wore conii)t'IK'd to 
 stay. So it happened that households were cruelly sep- 
 arated during the whole siege, never seeing tlu'ir several 
 members, imagining and foreboding all forms of evil; and 
 if occasionally eommunieating at the lines, or by U'tters, 
 
58 
 
 CENTKN'XrAL yVNXTVKl!SARY OP THE 
 
 b(.'iii<^ deprived of all jirivacy, as interviews were 
 watched, and letters were opened on both sides. There 
 was not tlien, nor is there to-day, a eonununity of the 
 same size on this peopled eartli that would have been, or 
 could be, more grievously racked and shattered, more 
 distracted and riven in wretchedness and ruin, than were 
 the town and people of ]k)Ston nnder these rueful ex- 
 periences. Trade, industry, security, all [)aralyzed; school 
 and family discipline, Sunday ways, habits of order, 
 obedience and reverence at once discredited; sickness 
 misolaccd; death hung over with di'e])er shadows, and 
 every bitter drop, not yet in the cup of miseries, reasonably 
 anticipated as about to mingle in it, — all tlicse were the 
 beginning of sorrows. It was characteristic alike of the 
 descent and the habits and principles of the ])eople, that 
 arrested apprenticeships, closed schools, and dcllled 
 churches and prostrate family altars, were often lirst and 
 most mournfully spoken of as deepening the gloom of the 
 siege. It is also a matter of authentic and suggestive 
 meaning tliat even the poorest mechanics and carpenters, 
 of tlie native stock left in the town, refused the tempta- 
 tion of high wages to work on the construction of bar- 
 rac'ks for the British soldiers, as the cold Aveather was 
 coming on. The provincial authorities, at the request 
 of General Gage, reciprocated his allowance of tlu; de- 
 parture f>f unsympathizing inhabitants from IJoston, 
 by ])crmitting certain country tories fo seek a refuge in 
 the town, among congenial fellowships. As the event 
 proved, it would have Ijcen far wiser for them to have re- 
 mained outside, debating their variances and making their 
 
KVACUATION OF 150ST0X. 
 
 r,9 
 
 peace. A bittor destiny oi" mi.seiy, exile and poverty was 
 before tlieni. 
 
 In tlu' l)attlc at CliarleMnwn llie British forces gained 
 one square mile of tiie territory of llie continent tliey were 
 to sweep, and \<»\ a tiionsiuid men. Xi>r was this tlieir 
 whole loss, nor tlie most enl'eeliling element in it. In lliat 
 conflict they parted with their conceit and assurance that 
 they had l)efore them only the inglorious, though easy, 
 task of dealing with mobs of poltroons and cowards, who 
 could bluster, but wtnild not light, even in self-defence. 
 The revelations made in the abounding reports and letters 
 which have since come to light, as sent to England after 
 that engagement, ofler impressive, and often anuising, evi- 
 dence thai oflicers and men had been roused to a sense of 
 the seriousness of tlu; task before them, and would readily 
 have given ovtr alike its glory and its risk. They had 
 now two little sea-washed i)eninsulas to hold and guard 
 for sunnner and Avinter quarters. The i)atriots, griping 
 them at both necks, pestered them with many annoyances, 
 l)lanmng mischief also for the ships in the bay, and making 
 bold raids on the crops and flocks of the islands. The 
 besiegers began to look less and less like a gypsy encamp- 
 ment, or a picnic. They themselves c-anie from four 
 provinces, from which also, in some mysterious way, 
 unaided by magazines or a connnissariat, they drew such 
 abundant supplies of food that tlu're was even waste of it. 
 After a certain fashion, too, they had oflicers. Such of 
 them as were not housed in the college buildings and in 
 neighboring dwi'liings erected shelters near the hills 
 which they fortifled. 
 
 Three distinct themes of separate, though of related and 
 
GU 
 
 CKXTEXNLVL ANNIVERS^UIY OF TUK 
 
 absorl)ing interest, present themselves, as requiring thought 
 and notice in rehearsing tlie Siegeof Boston, viz. , the work 
 of civilians in providing and administering a government; 
 the training of llie patriot forces in cami), and also of 
 their conunander; and the experiences of the beleaguered 
 town. 
 
 CIVILIANS COXSTULXTIXG A GOVERXMKXT DnUNG THE SIEGE. 
 
 It is to be remembered that, during the Avhole siege, 
 iMassachusetts was still, at best, but one first of Twelve, 
 then of Thirteen United British Colonies, not yet United 
 States. The l)ond of allegiance Avas not severed, nor 
 the pride and lo\c lV)r a foreign fealty yielded up, though 
 hostile forces of the realm had shed blood and were at 
 open war on field and camp. There was an element of 
 the humorous and the grotes([ue in the situation, if one 
 had heart to trace it out amid the sterner conditions. 
 Curious, perplexing, mystifying it is to the mousing 
 reader to scan the public and private papers of those 
 times. One can easily pi-ovc from them that nothing 
 short of rebellion and indei)endenco Avas seen in the 
 vista by thosu who first o])eued the debate with the 
 mother-eountry ; and, as easily, that the same men, or 
 their doubles, denied the charge even of sedition, and 
 e-pressed ania/ement and dread of the very idea of an as- 
 sertion of independence. And yet every country town, as 
 well as the ca])ital, was from the first comniitted, in s])eech 
 and writing, to claims and covenants which <(iulil not 
 possibly stop at any slagc ,-hort of it. 'I'hc bird of free- 
 dom had got out of its nest and taken wing. Our village 
 orators and nascent politicians became masters in all ob- 
 
EVACUATION OP BOSTON. 
 
 01 
 
 jurgatory rhetoric, and in all the ebullitions of patriotism. 
 The dictionaries of those days had Lcen ransacked for all 
 tile ojiprobrious adjectives they conld furnish to be at- 
 tached to the single commodity of Tea, and tlie most sting- 
 ing terms were dra\vn upon in dealing Avith the measures 
 connected with the decoction that had been made of it in 
 om- harbor. The philippics and rallying cries and burn- 
 ing a[)peals of those days will never lose their latent heat. 
 True, we did not then maintain an eagle at the public ex- 
 ])ense. But we were in training to use him, with c:law and 
 beak, spread-wing and scream, when we should adopt him. 
 It was tlie birth-time of what has been called American 
 oratory, or Fourth of July eloquence. A writhing patriot 
 embarrassed the digestion of his lellow-citizens by the 
 outburst, " The martial standard of war is erected in the 
 very bowels of your town!" The eagle has now attained 
 his maturity, and we shall approve that he henceforward 
 assume the calm dignity of age. 
 
 But during the siege of Boston the pens of sagacious 
 and able men were engaged in more deliberate and ten\- 
 pered efforts than those of the tongues of some ai'dent 
 orators. They were providing for that most urgent of all 
 social securities, whether in times of peace or of war, the 
 supremacy of the civil over the militarj- power. The I'oyal 
 mandate, in riding over the charter of Massacluisetts, liad 
 destroyed one branch of its Legislature and subverted its 
 judicial courts. General Gage, by his proclamation of 
 June 12, declaring the province in rebellion, and establish- 
 ing martial law, with the proscription of patrio* leaders, 
 was held to have vacated liis civil authority over the prov- 
 ince that he might hold military sway over Boston. The 
 
(V2 
 
 CEXTKN'NIAI. ANXIVEHS^UIV OF TIIK 
 
 province, thcreCore, was without a lejj^islaturo and an exec- 
 utive, witliout a magistracy and a judiciary. Govenunent 
 was luidcniiincd and aniudlcd. The old royal sanction 
 and method of it could not be revived, and it wa.s for the 
 people to decide whether they would dispense with gov- 
 ernment, oi' avert anarchy by constituting it. The Pi'ovin- 
 cial Congress, on ^Slay r>, accepted the gauge which the 
 garrisoned Governor had thrown down, put their own 
 interpretation upon it, and resolved, "that General Gago 
 had disqualified himself for serving the colony in any ca- 
 pacity; that no obedience was in fiitui'e due to ITuu; that 
 he ought to be guarded against as an unnatural and invet- 
 erate enemy." With a view to an instant ])i'ovision for 
 the emergency, the I'rovincial Congress had the ready re- 
 source of revei'ting to their old and honored forms of self- 
 administration, but wisely waited, as did other ])i'ovinces, 
 for advice from the Continental Congress, about "taking 
 up and exercising the powers of civil government." The 
 Pr(j\ incial Congress at Watertown had occasion, on May 
 18, 1775, to say that they "were determined to preserve 
 their dignity and power over the military" — tlieii- own 
 military. 
 
 It was a suijliine triumph of the traditions, ])rinciples 
 and spirit which had trained the peojjlc of Massachusetts, 
 that, at a temjjorai'y and alarming crisis, when the powers 
 of magisti'ates and the functions of judges were suspend- 
 ed, there should have been the least need of tluin in out- 
 bursts of local disoi'dur, or even in ci)ntroversies of man 
 Avith man. The alternative of a i)opular government, in- 
 stituted and ratified by forms familiar from the long past, 
 and sure of the a[)[)ro\al and obedience of those whoso 
 
EVACUATION OF BOSTON. 
 
 03 
 
 free-will crciitcd and sanctioned them, was at oiic-u availed 
 of. Cautiously, but firmly, and with daily advances over 
 a course which opened for its own successive stages, this 
 and the other provinces engaged in the needful work of 
 being their own legislators. Advice, recommendations, 
 requests, urgent appeals, steadily led on to the bold ven- 
 tures of requisition, till popular assent and approval, en- 
 forced by the stern necessities of the case, warranted the 
 assumi)tion and exercise of a coercive power. Tlu; C(mti- 
 nental Congress, still addressing and petitioning the king 
 of Great Britain, as s'.ill the sovereign of this part of his 
 realm, were hesitating, undecisive, temporizing, about 
 giving the explicit instructions which the provinces had 
 asked for the establishment of government. But still, 
 according to the saying which repeats the homeliest, as 
 well as the profonndest wsdom, "one thhig came after 
 another," and in due time the instructions came, with an 
 indorsement. 
 
 Xo undue encomiums, though they have been warm 
 and lavish, esi)ccially from the other side of the ocean, 
 have been passed upon what we may call the State papers 
 of this and the other provinces and of the Continental 
 Congress of those troubled years. There is a tone and 
 character couunon to them all. In them civilians guided 
 and directi'd in due subordination the swords of oilicers 
 and soldiers. Beginning with writings from the Select- 
 men of Boston and the papers covering the altercations 
 of Kepresentatives of Massachusetts wilii the three Gov- 
 ernors, Bernard, Uutchinson and tiage, then proceeding 
 with those of the Couuniltee of Correspondi'Uce, of the 
 Coui\ciI of War, of the Conunittee of Safety, the resolu- 
 
64 
 
 CKXTENNTAL ANXIVEI5SARY OP TUK 
 
 tions of Town-Meetings, the instructions to delegates, 
 the documents of the I'lovincial Congresses, and ending 
 with tlie formal papers of the Contini'utal Congress at 
 Philadelphia, we cannot but marvel to-day over the mod- 
 eration, the discretion, the acumen, the aptness and ct)- 
 gcncy of their tone, method and contents. They have 
 the exactness, pith and directness most desirable and 
 cfTective in the best class of legal and oflicial doc- 
 uments, without verbiage, complication or mere in- 
 genuity in woi'd fence. Whether these papers are 
 merely appointments or recommendations of occasions 
 for days of Fasting and Thanksgiving according to the 
 revered New England usage, for a single province, or for 
 the continent, or relate to provisions for a paper currency, 
 or concern matters in which a local might conflict with a, 
 general direction of common interests, we note the same 
 admirable qualities in them. The most formal of the 
 manifestoes and declarations designed to be read abroad, 
 were written with such power and pertinency as to be 
 elDcicnt pleaders of our cause. The lullowing are the 
 words of the Earl of Chatham in the House of Lords : — 
 " When your lordships look at the i)apers transmitted 
 us from America, when you consider their decency, firm- 
 ness and wisdom, you cannot but resj)ect their cause, and 
 wish to make it your own. For myself I must avow, that 
 in all my readings, — and I have read Thucydides, and 
 have studied and admired the master States of the 
 world, — for solidity of reason, force of sagacity, and 
 wisdom of conclusion, under a complication of ditlicult 
 circumstances, no nation or body of men can stand in 
 prelcrence to the General Congress at Philadeii)hia." 
 
EVACUATION- OI' nOSTOX. 
 
 65 
 
 111 one flass of llioso State papers, siicli as addresses 
 mul petitions to the Iviii;;-, and those declaratory of ]irin('i- 
 ]iles and purposes, ])reeedin<; that of Indejiendenee, thi' 
 reader of our day is struck liy a certain adroit, subtle, 
 acute skill, sonietiuies almost snggestiv • of aiM or disii\- 
 ji-enuousness, in ])lea, remonstrance, avowal or profession. 
 Jt was the cue, so to si)eak, of their writers, to distini^'uish 
 broadly between the mind, intent and inclination of the 
 King on his throne and in his ])rivacy, and the purposes 
 and measures of liis Parliament and Cabinet. Notorious 
 is it now that tiie stitf and unyielding ol)stinacy of the 
 King, his almost insane jjcrversity and persistency against 
 the advice of his ministers, and even their desire to lay 
 down their ollice, goaded on the strife from stage to 
 stage; ■while Lord Xorth was a tool, and hardly an agent. 
 Of course our fatlu'i's did not know, or perhaps even 
 imagine, the facts in the case. 
 
 Hut we can hardly conceive they were, at the same 
 time, so stoliil, and yet so ingenious, as this class of their 
 ])aiiei's would make them ajjpear. Their avowals of love, 
 and loyalty and devoted allegiance to his Majesty, and of 
 their desire to comply in all things with what were, or — 
 as they understood it — what ought to be his reasonable 
 e.\[)ectati{ms from his sul)jects here, were most profuse 
 and ardent, sometimes excessive and hardly masculine. 
 lint they fairly oil'set this mode and tone of addressing 
 him Iiy the most defiant, objurgatory and denunciatory 
 way of dealing with his advisers. 'I'hey wrote to and of 
 the ministry and ])aiTiament with an aduiirable elVrontery, 
 as if they were really thwarting his Majesty's kind inten- 
 tions and purposes. So, while the patriot forces were 
 
(i() 
 
 CKXTKNXIAL AXNIVERSAKV OF TIIK 
 
 coopiii-;- u|) ihe ldii<;"s troops in Hosloii, iiiul i)liin(U'nng 
 his stori-sliips, tlii' (,'oiij;Tt'ss nl riiiliulclpliifi was iiiscrii)- 
 iiif;- to him addiTssi's and lu'tilions of siicli a tcniiHT ami 
 prol'cssioii, tliat one miglit almost iiilor that ihi'V would 
 have wi'lcomcd him to cross the sea and lake a scat in 
 their asscmhly, oi- accept iVom them a commission to lu'ad 
 their army in drivin;;- oil' his own soldiers. 'I'liey had 
 motive, ir not reason, lor thus professing- love lor their 
 monarch, while dcnonncin^- his minislei-s. So his troops 
 here were spoken of as "the vile and eontem])til)le agents 
 of a vcn^-cfnl and wicked ministry"; or, iis Washington 
 pln-isi'd it, ''a diabolical ministi-y/' 
 
 This was the sting of the letters addressed liy him to 
 (ienerals Gage and Howe, on the treatment and exchange 
 of prisoners, and which they so sharply resented, it was a 
 keen inortilication and provocation to British oilicers and 
 soldiers to be uniformly s])oken of and dealt with as this 
 l)olicy of the so-called rebels dictated. Gage called it, on 
 the part of AVashington, an "insinuation;" and Howe re- 
 l)lied to it as an "invective against his superiors, so insidt- 
 in"- to himself as to obstruct anv fmlher intercourse.'' 
 
 A similar character is noticeable in these State jjapers 
 in tlu'ir j)rofessions of loyally and willingness to recognize 
 the royal, and even the parliamentary and ministerial au- 
 thority within certain limits — very cloudily dellned, how- 
 ever. But every way and form in which it was i)roposed 
 that that authority should be exercised was pronounced a 
 "•rievanee. It is imiiossible for us to trace, distinctly, any 
 practicable theory by which the patriots would adjust 
 their relations to their mothcr-eotmtry, so that they might 
 still be subjects, as they said they were willing to be, and 
 
EVACUATION' OI' JtOSTO.V. 
 
 <i7 
 
 yot ii"t l)c in siibjc'ctidii, as they R'sulved they wimld not 
 lit", 'riif foiitrovor.sy was coiistaiitly shifting its gToinids, 
 and clianj-ing sliaiio, coloi- and substance. Tt: seemed to 
 some in England as if Avo Avefo tricking and trilling witli 
 thcni. On the iirst arrival of the ti'o()[)s, one of the votes 
 passed at a lioston town-meeting, Sv\A. Vo, 17<)S, was. "As 
 there is at this time a prevailing apprehension of apin'oaeh- 
 ing war with France, every inhabitant is re(|nesli'd to 
 provide himself with a well-tixed lire-lock, nnr^kef. accon- 
 trements and anmumition." 'J'hcre was no more ])rospi'ct 
 of snch a war with France, than ol" hei' then bombarding 
 Boston with a Ik'ct of inm-clad steam monitors. At tirst 
 A\o j)rotested against being taxed l)y Parliament, becanse 
 not represented in it; the imi)lieation being that, if we 
 ■were represented in it, we wonld assnme onr share in par- 
 liaiiuMitary levies and subsidies. Afterwards, wluii reji- 
 resenlation was olleivd us, we replied that it wDuld be 
 inconvenient to avail ourselves of it. 
 
 The simjile truth is, our civilians, as petitioiiei's. remon- 
 strants and pleaders, did not reach to the tap-mot of the 
 eontrovcrsy, till successful resistance by actual lighting 
 laid it open to the light, viz., that distance, lapse of time, 
 divergence of interests, and our own growth to self-man- 
 agement, made it prei)osterous altogether that America 
 .should he a lief of (ireat Britain. It was but a iiracticc 
 in casuistry for us to be complaining of grievances iu the 
 infraction of the royal charter. The supreme grievance 
 was that our life, liberty and property were any way in- 
 volved in a charier. 
 
 AVe nnist trace to the utterances of tongue and pen in 
 those days, full as much as to weapons of war, the embit- 
 
(),S 
 
 CKXTKNMAI, AXMVEKSAHY OF TIIK 
 
 tcniicnt <ir Irrliii;^-, ji'alousios nnd imiliuil iintipiilliics bc- 
 twffii ihr jji'oplc ofCirciit lii'iliiiii aiul licr colonics, which, 
 wilh a hitciit ])crsislciicy in tlicir ti'iinsmission, iiiid occa- 
 sionally intensely aji'^ravated in their manifestation, were 
 yieldinji- to time and leason, till tlu^y were revived in the 
 complications of our civil war. Ohlivionsnt'ss of the 
 peopk' in lur American colonies, and utter indill i-ence to- 
 wards them, as a decayed or harhai'ized hranch of the old 
 ancestral stock, were the prcvailinj;- leelings of Hu'j.lish- 
 men as the storm was gathering. An astoundin;^' ama/e- 
 inent that these peoi)ie should have a woi'd to say for 
 themselves as being still, and still claiming tlu' rights of, 
 Englishmen, came with the first threat of roistanco. 
 This ft'cling passed successively through the phases of 
 hauteur, scorn, contempt, passionate hate and vengeful 
 malice. True, we had ardent frii'uds among vai'ious 
 clashes ol'the Hritish jieople, and bold and eloijuent cliam- 
 pions of some portion of our whole cause in J'arliament. 
 IJnt even the most discerning and forecasting of this 
 ]iarty in op])osition, while two or three among them dared 
 to forebode that our complete severance and independence 
 might ensue on our resistance to tyranny, did not ventine 
 to dellni' a consistent policy towards us which would 
 practically reconcile us to any method of foreign rule. 
 The (lualitit's which Englishmen then, and e\er since, 
 havi' most disliked in us are conceit, boast fulness, self- 
 sutlicii'ucy and self-com[)laeeucy, — the very 1 aits which, 
 bv lilood and lineage, we derive from our English au- 
 cestrv, and which, though somewhat mellowed by a livi'lier 
 humor and good nature, are none the K'ss exhibited almost 
 as olfensively by the progeny as by the parent sl(jek. 
 
 I 
 
KVA( UA'IION <>l' ll()>ro\. 
 
 C.!! 
 
 Such was tlic work wliiili llic iivili;ms of province 
 anil coiilini'Mt wcri' ihnw^ (li>cii( il.v and willi lidflit y, as 
 tliey cautionsly Celt llu'lr way on to ilic (■on>lni(tion ol' a 
 nation, dnring tlioso cU'ven niontlis iliron;j,li wiiicli old 
 Boston was a ]{ritisli j^^arrison, and a patriot liost en- 
 vironed it. iir.st to eonline, tlu'ii to annoy it, and linallv lo 
 drive it away. 
 
 riir, r.\ri!i(ii' cami' ani> akmv. 
 AVe eaniiot call liiose swarms and ^^ronps of conntry- 
 nien an army, even until a lon;^- time aiU'i' Washington 
 look command, on -Inly :{d. Tlie province had nuistered, 
 enrolled and olliceri'd her own militia and volunteers, and 
 the other New Hnfi'land provinces hail sent forct's simi- 
 larly organized — loosely— yet, as it proved, they met the 
 enier<"-i'nev. 'I'liey were I'nlisted for very short terms: 
 knew little of snhordination or disciiilini': were apt to 
 eomo and <:,-o at their own wills: cluiij;- to their own local 
 associations: and preferred to allot titles and rank as 
 colonels, majors, captains, and so on. to the men wiiom 
 they had known on their villaj^i' commons, at town-meet- 
 ings, and in the taverns on nuister days. Some of these 
 olliecrs and men had si'i'n service in the FriMieh and Indian 
 wars. Gen. Ward was their connnander. After a fashion, 
 they lu'ld the environs (.1' IJoslon. through a circuit of 
 hill, valley and marsh, of nearly twenty miles, including 
 • niards at outposts, with militarv works, of their own 
 fashion, too, on some prominent and some exposed ])oints. 
 They had nothing to he called ordnance, but few- muskets, 
 and those verv poor ones, Icwer liayonets, and scarce 
 a scattering of i)owder. Yet tlu'y did not part with 
 
 I 
 
70 
 
 l'K.\ti:nmai, ANXivKiiSAiiv ui- Tin; 
 
 a siii^''I(! square Coot ol' tlic soil on wliicli llicv liad 
 jilaiitcd tliciusclvcs. 'I'lionjili alimisl incessantly ean- 
 imnaded frniii llie Hrilisii wurks on hotli peninsulas and 
 Ihiui the ;;unlioats, not a seoi-e of tlieni were killed durinj^ 
 tlie wjiole siei^e. Tile scene, as sli^^litly sUeli'licd hy a few 
 liei-soiis who had an eye lor natiu'e as well as lor luunan- 
 ity, was su^r^-estive and impressive, if not heantiful. Tn tlio 
 /glorious suunuiT months of foliiii>e and lierhaye ovei that 
 splendid panorama, the excited <;ronps wroujilit busily hy 
 day, and kept watch hy ni,i;hl. tnrninu- the liill-to|is into 
 fitadi'ls, and tiampini;' the tilled lields, the sustenance of 
 their households and cattle. An encampment ol' about lifty 
 Ineudly Sto(dJ)rid;;-e Indians nestled in a <xv(n\' on the 
 l)reseiit sileof the Watei'lown Arsenal. The rillemrii from 
 Yir-i-iniaand Maryland lurked ventiucsomuly in the nearest 
 
 hidinjx-places, aiid were a serious a >ance to the enemy 
 
 in pi( kiii;,^ oil' any who were exposed as nvarks. The 
 renuiant of the native forest was cut away in the severities 
 of the followin;:: winter, and it was Unv^ befijre nature 
 recovered her sway over the scene. N'wo j,'-rand and 
 fruitful studies in the ])orti'aiture of character and the 
 develojnnent of a mighty task woeld offer themselves in 
 the attempt to delineate the e imp of the patriots. One 
 would be the self-training of the uigust eonunander; the 
 other would be the formation and organization of an army 
 disciplined and made elfective I'rom crude, extempori/ed, 
 Huctuating, and even resisting materials: and this, too, 
 under perplexities and disabilitii's s;u li as were never 
 before encountered by a (Jcneral in ancient or modern 
 warfare. 
 
KVACl ATION fll" IIIISTOX. 
 
 71 
 
 Till'. l'\rillnr (iiMM \Slii;i!. 
 
 W'luii \\'ii.sliiii;;1i>ii, ill ilic ulmv <>{' his iiiiiiilniiiil, !il iIk; 
 n<Xv of rorty-tlircc, slinpid mikI iinMililcd in lonii, riiiturc* 
 
 iiiul iiiiiii iiltcr lint lire's limst i Itiliii^'. siil iiKiiiiili'il 
 
 iiiuIlt liic siiadf of liic cliii-tirc on ( 'iiiiil)i'i(l<;t! ('mniiioii, 
 wc ini;;lit liavc seen in liini tiic froiilis|)ifcc and titlt-paj^-c 
 r>l' a new volume of llie \s()ri(rs l)i(>;4ra|)liy and liislory. 
 lie liad liad niililarv e\|)ei'ien(e In the wihlerness, con- 
 verse with men. mihI praetiei' in llie a(hnini-ti'ation ol' local 
 ina^iMstracv. I5iit the ( 'oniniander-in-Chiel was made and 
 trained licro. And while he was leaniin;,',' here the ail of 
 war, the iiietho(l of self-maslerv in which his |)ii|iila,ne 
 l)ej:,an. trained him to such a know led,ue ol' the aits of 
 peace as to til him lo he the master-ruler of the country 
 which he had created. ( 'ou;;-ress liad commis-inucd him 
 as commander without providing- him with an army, and 
 the army which they ima;^iiie(l as in existence tlu'y did 
 not furnish with weapons, susleiiaiice or pay. And for 
 any powers of authority, ran^c of sway, or dcliued plans, 
 c'itlier in civil or military alfairs, Congress, to which the 
 coiimiauder was respoiisihle as a servant, was as .shadowy 
 and inia<;inary a body as was the army of which he was 
 the head. Vnii Uv surveyed the work liefore him, and 
 summoned his advisers ami helpers, (^ne is tempted to 
 ,siay, — indeed, he wrote it him-elf. — that hv would not 
 have assumed the nspousihilitii's c<immiited to him had 
 he foreseen the conditions, discomlitiires and perplexities 
 Avhich were to tlii(d<en U|)on him. The nobler then was 
 the constancy Avhich met, without i|uaiHn,u-. all these 
 thronging spectres as they came out of shadow into 
 
i'J, 
 
 CENTENXIAL AX.MVEIt.SAKY OF THE 
 
 roiility. Eiioiiuli Ihat wliat lie had to fnc<)iiiitL'i- of tliem 
 day l)y day vii'ldc'd to tlic rcyourcos in liiinsi-lf and in 
 Providt-nci'. It -was ni'vcr a distnist or regret al)ont the 
 canse tliat eanie even in his most (U'pressed lionr, bnt a 
 prelerenee I'or the eomniand of a reg-inient to lliat of the 
 army. 
 
 lie rode tlie cirenit of tlie lines, deleeting- suoecssively 
 the weak ])oints, and strt'ngthening and niuUii)lyinj,^ the 
 del'enees, till he had lilled every gaj) in them. Tlie out- 
 bursts of a resolved and deliant sj)irit in poj)nlar ha- 
 i-angiies and in the writings of ardent ])atriots, had natur- 
 ally led him to expeet that he shonld here find among- the 
 rnstie g-ronps some of the primary, essential iiualities of 
 soldiers in a eamp; and also, in the provineial eonstitu- 
 eney of these soldiers, a readiness to respond to his call 
 for needfnl nieasiu'es and su])])lies. Sadly and o])press- 
 ively was his noble spirit tried by strang-e deliciencii's and 
 eontraiy tokens in these matters. And hen'in lay the 
 g-randeiu- of his magnanimity and of his ecpianimity. In- 
 stead of yielding to dismay and so losing the mastery 
 over himself, he boldly faeed the lacts witli which he had 
 to deal, traeed them to natnral and, so fai', to neecssary, 
 DC', asions, ti'mpori/ed with them patiently, slowly mingled 
 in with them (pudifying and restraining agencies, and 
 then saw them yield to his calm and steadfast purpose, 
 lie found the men, in what eoidd hardly be called the 
 ranks, enlisted l)nt for days or weeks; their companies 
 were fragments, and their regiments were skeletons; their 
 ollieers were their village or cf)nnty notabk's, eonunis- 
 sioned by local ])artialities, and on terms of rnd(> and dis- 
 orderly familiarity with their men. All of them were on 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 i 
 
p 
 
 i 
 
 •A 
 
 EVACUATION' <)I' liOSTO.V. 7;} 
 
 ])roviiiciiil cstiiljlisliiiu'iil-;, cnido. raw and h'liiponiry. 
 Dissension iuid jcaloiiM- Wivv. iiu-idcnt In cnfoiccd sul)- 
 ()i'diiiali.»n, and an adjiislnicnt of rank and liic restraints 
 of discipline. :>[ost of lliese exteni].oi'i/.ed soldid's felt at 
 liberty to eonie and go at their j)leasure. talking for 
 granted that more, jnst like tliein, eould eonu' in their 
 room. They had left honses, fields, mills, workshoj-s, and 
 iamilies. withont gnardians or lahorei's. AN'lio ^vas to 
 care for those at home, aye, or pi'ovide the food iiv-and-hv 
 fol' the wastefulness of eampsV So, whether loiterers or 
 enlisted, the mass of those whom Washington lirst saw- 
 as constituting his command were inconstant and nnsteadv, 
 and to some extent intraelalile. Vet the very vagi'ancv 
 and lluctiiation of tlu'sc ))i'ovincial forces led the eiiemv 
 in lioston to ovi'restimale their nnmliers and the ell'eetixc- 
 iiessofthe service ihevconld perform, 'i'liis mi-leading 
 fancy was in fact the reason Avhy the jiatriot camp was 
 not vigorously assailed when it was really the most e\- 
 ])osed ;ind weak. ~i'i't an enoi'mons amount of hard 
 woik with hand and s]iade had heen done on the in- 
 trenchments. though engineers were wholly la(d<ini:-. and 
 tools Avere lew and ])oor. 
 
 "When Washington instil nti'd an innuiry, the residt 
 reported to him was. that he had I (.500 men lit lor some 
 soia of military ser\ice. ISul ol such as could he relied 
 on as soldier.- he ne\cr had that nunilici' during the whole 
 siege, and thei'c were critical inli'rvals in the expiration of 
 eniisinients, and the dilatory sulistitution of new reei'uits, 
 when he had not e\en 1.000. On an cxlreme emenivnev 
 he woidd rely for a few days on the mililia. 'I'liis was tlui 
 i^iOiation of ilic conmiandcr in lull view of ;i vi-il.inl 
 
 4 
 
n-ATKNNl.VI. ANMVi:i:S.\l!Y OF THE 
 
 ciu'inv. v.Ikisc loi'cc was csliniiitcd at ,ri,.')(H). tlioroujilily 
 ollii'fivd. c'([uii)i)i(l. (lis(ii)rni('(l ami supplied, and with an 
 anxiliary lloet in liic Itay and rivers. 
 
 'I'lie lack of powder in the. patriot (•ain[) was a matter 
 oi' such anxiety to AVa>liin_nton, that even liis elloi'ls to 
 ol)tain it. l)y any sliil'l and from any ([iiarter, were most, 
 jealonsiv disguised, that the enemy mi.ulit not come to a 
 fidl knowli'diit' of tlie I'act. Yet it woidd seem as if this 
 delieieney nuist have lieen well known in Hoston through 
 deserters or toriis. The ]Nrassaehusetts Assenihly, too. 1)V 
 a resolve ol Aug. IT, ITT.I. had "recommended to the 
 inhal)itants of this colony not to lire a gun at heast, l)ird 
 or mark, without real necessity therefor." I'l'ecantions 
 had l)een taken to have the live stock ol" the ni'ighlwring 
 towns driven baidc into the country, and a I'cndezvons had 
 been designated foi' the provincials in the event of their 
 lines ln'ing broken. For Wasiiiuglon had resolved to 
 hold his ground and to strengthen his works, making as 
 close an ajijiroach to the I'liemy as the natural features of 
 the environs would ]iennit. As soon as his eye had mas- 
 tered the panorama, his thought and j)urpose rested n|)ou 
 those unoccupied southern heights on which his decisive 
 batteries were at last iilauted. His all-engrossing work 
 was to ell'ect the paramount object of bringing the pro- 
 vincial forces under u continental, or general establish- 
 ment, with con'es]Kmding connnissions for ollicers. 
 
 During the llr>t half of the siege of IJoston, Washing- 
 ton was ill dread siis|)ense and aiipreheiision of an assault 
 from the enemy, while he was so ntterly imitreparcd to 
 inei-t it. Through the last half ol" the sit'ge !ie ehafi'd, 
 with sonii'what better preparation, under the iniputionec of 
 
KVACUAJHiX Ol" IfOSTOX. 
 
 ii> 
 
 a conslraiiR'd inaotivity, bocmsc llio cnoiiiy did not come 
 out against him, and his own olliccrs would not couuscj a 
 vi'iituiv aji'aiiist Ihcin- — uiiicli lie twice iM'i)|i(is(d, once Iiy 
 Itoats, and once u|)on tin- ice. lie was cliccrcd in Oflo- 
 l)('r l)y a \isil aud cnntrri'ucc ^\ilil a couuuiltrc IVoui the 
 Continoutal Congress, with the sagaeious Fi'auklin at tiie 
 head of it, to whom tlie toM'u of liis 1)ii-th must hav(! pre- 
 sented itself IVoni oulsich' in a strange jiiiglit. Tiie h'tter.s 
 of tiie fonnnander provi' tliat liis lirmiuss nevei' came so 
 near I'aheriiig as wlien lie was f(irce<l to rt-ali/.e. as autumn 
 ap|»roached, that hv might ha\c' to pass the winter and 
 wait lor tlie sjiriug just where aud as he wa>. 'I'he enemy 
 would not bring the issue to a di'cision, and it was not 
 wise for him to force one. With most anxious care he at 
 once to(dc measures for covering and wanning the sohiiers 
 through the sevei'lties and the dismal shadows of a ^ew 
 Englaml winter on liiose hleak hills. 3Iidway iii that 
 winter till' enlistments of a large portion of his men 
 w<uil(l expire; and some of them, in their straits or un- 
 easiness, were I'or autici|)ating their release. lie was 
 aide, however, to send forth a detachment for an eiUer- 
 ])rise in Canada. Transports with armed vessels were 
 occasi(;aally seen going out of the harlior. and "Wash- 
 ington was in ])aiuful ]>('rpli'xity as to their destina- 
 tion. Thus he wi'lti's to ( 'ongri'ss at the o]>euing of 
 the yt'ar !77<i: "It is not iu the jiages of history, 
 ]icrha|is, to furnish a cast' like ours. To niainlain 
 a ])ost williln musket-shot of the enemy for six luontlis 
 together without (pow(U'r|, aud at the same time to dis- 
 band one army aud ri'cruil another, within that distance 
 of twenty odd Itrilish regiments, is luort'. jirohably. tluiii 
 
7() 
 
 ci:n TKNMAi, ANxivi:i:s.\i:v ok 'iiik 
 
 ever ^Vils ;itteiii|itc(l."" 'riicsc jirc the words of ii caliii rc- 
 iscrvi', ill utlcriiiii-i', which ■were to be read bel'ure many 
 lisleiurs. IJiit fhey iiiilc the seei'et distress wliicii l)iir- 
 ih'iied his sjiiril. 11. is he oeeasioiially disc-losi'S cDii- 
 lldeiitially to 'lis nearest I'rieiul and si^eri'tary, fU)se])li 
 Jxeed, tiins: "1 ■• many an iinliaj)ity lioui' wIumi all 
 around me are ■ .ed in slee|i."' .Vil the while the 
 
 eonntry. eoiiseious oi liaving serious ends in view, and of 
 having- made eH'ort and saeri lice, was daily I'xpecling- some 
 i.'i" at movement to be ventured, and eGm]ilaints reaelied 
 Washington of liis supposed inac-tixity and iiideeision. 
 lie dared not silence tlioe conijilaints by rc\caling what 
 Avas fully known only to himself of his alarming exposure, 
 deficiencies and weakness, lie wrote to Jieed that the 
 same means nsed to coneeal liis real situation I'rom the 
 enemy eonci'aled it also Irom his friends, and that he had 
 been obliged to a\;iil himself ol' art to hide it I'roiu his own 
 olllcers. lie was cheered, near the close of the year ITTo, 
 by the arrival, Dec. II, of Mrs. Washington, with her son, 
 ]Mr. ('u>tis and wife, whose 8o<'iet\- ail'orded him moments 
 of solaci'. In tlu' middle of January, in a council of 
 otficers, attended, at Washington's re([nest, by John 
 A(hmis, ihe (ieiieral \cry earnestly urged tlu' im])ortaiice 
 of an attack on the enemy before the arrival (jf reinforee- 
 inents; but the eouneii, agreeing in the desiraljility of the 
 movement, i)ronouneed oni' resources {o be Avholly iiiad- 
 efpiate. < )n the twcnly-l'ourtli oC the month, Washington 
 wrote to C'ongrt'ss, " Xo man upon earth wishes more 
 artU'iitly to destroy the nest in Boston than 1 do. Xo 
 person would be willing to go greater lengths than 1 shall 
 to iK'com[»lish it, if it shall be thought advisable; Imt if wc 
 
KN'ACI.A'IIUX Of liO.STUX. 
 
 t 
 
 hiivc iioillicr [)OW(k'i' to bDiiibard with, nor ice to pass on, 
 we shall bo in no bctltT situation than we have ])een in all 
 the year; we shall be worse, because their Avorks are 
 strongei'." 
 
 These are luil snatches and fra;^'incnts oiif of the rehearsal 
 of those inci(U'nts, ami that period which nnu'ked the in- 
 vestment of I5()si()n. The signal qualily of the time ami 
 scene was, that it was iju' schuul oi' training and disci|>line 
 I'or the patriot army, and emphatically so lor its com- 
 mander. ITe had to defer to, and take advice i'vom. a l)odv 
 A\hi<li had no authority to rc(piire or v\nv[ tlu' conditions 
 needful t(j mi'et the wants of their General. I'ractically, 
 there was connnitted to him, individually, during the year 
 preceding the Declaration of Independence, the enormous 
 task of bringing the loo>c material of tlic [)i'f)vincial forces 
 daily Ihictuating before him, on a contini'utal cstablish- 
 nient, and of hokling them >ul)ject to terms required by an 
 authority which any one of them might challenge as 
 merely assumed. It was for him to dc\ isc and to dis])ose 
 all tile arrangi'uunts and details necessary to eU'ecl that 
 pur[)ose. It w IS for him to abate and reconcile the 
 partialities and jealousies of oflicers and men; to exact 
 rigid suliordination; to enforce a stiif military routine and 
 ol)scr\ance in the camp with all jumctilios and for- 
 malities, and a stern prohibition of the familiaritv and 
 lesity that had marked the ri'lations ln'tween thosi' who 
 were to give and tho.-c who were to obey oi'ders. It A\as 
 for him to exercise a lyn\-e_\ed watchfulness against siu-- 
 prlses, treacheries and disasti'rs; to be constantly [)lanning 
 and accom|ilisliing new defenci's and sad'r means for 
 annoving tlu' t'uemv. His adsanced works were now 
 
78 
 
 CKNTKNNIAI. AN M\ I KSAi; V <)l' Till; 
 
 ISO C'loso to tliosi' of tlic Urilisli, lliiil tlu' I)rllij;\'iviUs were 
 Avilhlu imiskrt-sliot oi'i'iich other. The naked eye or S]iy- 
 "■lass eoiild take iKite nl' tlie luovenienls hi either eanii) or 
 yarrisdii. For a Uh\<^ lime the imivineialr^ liad liad to Ijisir 
 a rrecjueiit eaniioiiadiiii;- ('nan tiie I'lieiny, witliout Ijeing 
 al)k' to return it, liarmk'ss as il was. Tlie new year had 
 hroiight some supplies, wliieli, witli llieir advanced works, 
 aUowed the ])rovineiaIs to retaliate. 
 
 The j;reat h'sson whicli AVasliinnton had to teacli to 
 each individual, ollicer or private, in liis couunand. was to 
 learn to ahale his own personal independence, tiiat lie 
 might secure tlie iiideiicndence oi' his country, 'i'hcre, 
 too, lie learned how to deal with men, with IVieiid- as well 
 as with enemies — with human nature, in all its wdikings 
 of impulse and nintisc, its nolileuess and meanness. And, 
 as hi> oi'der-liook gives ahundant and iinpressivi' i'\idenee, 
 he was tlioiightrul of thost' strengthening or enl'eehliug 
 agencies uhicli act upon health and \irtuc. He counselled 
 cleanliiiess. high and pur<' moi'ality. and the dcNOUtness 
 and revHrcuce ol' religion in sentiment and ohser^ance. 
 As the crisis ol' the situation was near, whili' I'orhidding 
 cards in the camp, he advised a sei'ious jirt'iiaration ormind 
 as a security against cowardice. 
 
 ( )ne appreciati\e word, at K'ast, is due to tlu' letti'rs 
 \\hich AN'ashinglou wi'<ite at this time to ( 'ougress, \\hih' 
 URM'liug all the sttrn and dismal conditions ol" the sei'vice 
 to which they had called him, and in which thcii' power 
 and their resources could do so little cither to dii'ect or to 
 aid him. Tt is a small thing to say of those letters that they 
 are I'einarkahle productions for oiu' untrained hy literary 
 culture. Thev are ol'ten strikinglv I'elicitoiis in the choice 
 
KVACIATION 0|- liOSToV. 
 
 Til 
 
 of words, i'.iid in the Inrm (ifcxjU'cssidii. ]»mI bc\<jn(l lliis, 
 tlicir loiu' iiiul ]Mii'|K)rl, llicir dirootiu'ss, siiuplii-it y and dit;-- 
 nily ol'scnliinciit, express the .scH'-ri'spcct ol'tlic writer, and 
 a inarvoiiously just apprrliension of the relation in Aviiicli lie 
 stood (o til" body wliicli ho addressed. Ife, at least, owed 
 alk'gianee to Congress, if no one beside him did in the 
 whole eonntry. The agitations and excitements Mhieli 
 vexed his own spirit never [)assed into those letters. 
 They are ]>assioiiless, free from nnn'murs, eumplaints. ecn- 
 soriousness and sharj) invi'ctives. ^'et they never sacriliet' 
 force to tameness. They deal with facts; ai'c concise; with 
 no cloudiness or niystilication of uieaning; with no insinua- 
 tions oi' implications beyond the assertion, lie could be 
 urgent with ( "ongress without being impatit'Ut. He could 
 make suggestions with deference. When, on rari' occa- 
 sions, he oil'ered advice, or e\'en remonstrance, he did uivt 
 disguise the intent in the form of it, but wrote it for what 
 it was, Irankly, boldly : always making allowance for delays 
 and indecisions int'ident to the com])osition and limited 
 power of Congress, — as yet only an advisory body, neither 
 homogeneous nor harmonious, Imt feeling its way in an 
 une\plore<l course. 
 
 And so liis K'ttersto individuals, oilicial or private, "when 
 giving instructions or iuformatiou, vver(> direct, clear, 
 positive, cautions — as liie occasion ri'([uired. When he 
 had to mediate belwt'cn sensitive jjarties, or to complain, 
 or to rebuke, his moderation held in check all vcheiucuce 
 oi' tem|ier. and his own dignity was suggestive of llu' 
 grace of it to others, lli^ most ajtpi'ovcd Ibrm of censure 
 vva> that which made an oil'endei' ap|iorlion his own sen- 
 tence. .\11 the while burdeni'd with work liir his \)vu. 
 
80 
 
 f'KNTKNMAI, AWIVKUSAIIV <)l' TlIK 
 
 rro(|uciitIy liifkin^- a conndcntial sccrctiirv, he was wntiiif? 
 alinnst daily letters ol' iiisti'uctioii and (U'lail to llic inaiia- 
 gcr (iCliis land-estates. A refereiuu! to these liomely letters 
 ol' tliril't and hnsliandry would not lie in place here, ex- 
 cejit as they I'eveal a ■winning' trait in his ehai'aetei'. Ills 
 eni|ihatie dlreetion is, that the hospitalities of his homo, and 
 espeeially its free dispensings ol" benevolence and money 
 to the needy, shall in no Avise fail or sla<d<en. One other 
 engrossing anxiety was crowded into the linrdens of the 
 worn and worried ehitd' in this early stage of a stiaiggle, 
 which was to decide whelher the haltei' or the wreath 
 wonld 1)0 the emblem of his fate, ^\'hilo watching the 
 beleaguered foe in IJosfon, he had to keep in thought a 
 whole continent, with its coasts, and towns anil jieoplc, 
 and to prejiare to meet the om-my where he might slrikt; 
 next. No graser's woi'k on a map was e\('i' more shari)ly 
 cut than that which was wrought in his miud. 
 
 ■iiii; iN\i:sri;ii iown, soi,nii;i!s anu iNU,\r.riANi's. 
 AN'liile ei\ilians in local and continental councils, and 
 soldiers in the wide-stretched eamj) so anxiously watched 
 over by AN'ashington, were thus taking care i'nv the pat- 
 riot cause, the invi'sted town of JJoston, alike to those 
 outside of it as to those within it. Avas the object of paiu- 
 ful and absorbing interest. Vroni tlii' (ieiicral down to 
 the humblest menial in his train, there was not a man that 
 did not sooner or iatei' realize that he had come on a fool- 
 ish and bootless errand. 'I'lii' ex|)osuro of their situation, 
 and the constant a])prt'lR'nsion of an assault, recpiired 
 inieeasing watchfulness, and the construction almost week 
 by week of some new defenct's. 'I'heir siillerings from 
 
 ^'^ 
 
j;\ .\( I ATKIN III' ItdSTdN. 
 
 SI 
 
 a. 
 
 lllc |il'i'\ lllclicc (iT Inlll discuses, the lunnluT (if llic >iclc 
 iiiid Uduiidcd iiimiii,!;' lliciii. iiiid llic >c;ircit\ (iT IVoli pni- 
 visiiiii^. \('H'('l;dil('S ;iild fuel. lircMliic, ill (Ulc ci'i-'^^. xti'V 
 sci'iiius and alarming. ( i!ia>1 Iv cH'tirts \vcr(' made ]i_\ llic 
 (illiccr-^ diirinu' the wiiilcr tn aiiiii>c tlicinsch cs uitli 
 dances, theatricals, and a nias(inei'ade. 'I'hi' old South 
 Cinirch. uhcn up to a i-idinj;'-scliuol, iill'ofded >ho\vs oi" 
 lioi->i'nianshi|i, as m'cu in I'otivc s]icctatoi's Ironi its ea>t- 
 crn u'allci'v. lJur,L;'<iync u'ol m|i a |ilav to lie acted in 
 Faneuil llall. which w :is. ho\\c\ ci', rudely arroted in its 
 ]ierronnance liy the I'alllinu' <il' >hot IVoni the neai'ol |ii'o- 
 vincial liattei'N . 'i'hc remnant of |iatri<itii' inhaliilants in 
 the town wei'e t:-i'ie\ oiisly di>t I'es^cd. Sonic sonuht in 
 A ain the iii-i\ ileu'e oC lea\ ini;' it. < )thci's. \\ lio re-.ol\cd to 
 stay and wait the cata>tro|ihe. wvvv >trictly watched, lot 
 they >h<inld conmninieatc with llic lioicu'crs. The lory 
 I'leincnl loo, iiali\cs and I'd'nucc-^ IVoin the conntry, 
 siiowed the cvcitcniciit* <il' an intense liiHcriK'>s and of a 
 eraxfii li-e|iidation. The (iencral sinninoned tlieiii to 
 or^-ani/c into an a»ociati<iii. as a low n-i;iiard. armed and 
 rcceiviiiL;' rations. 'I'hcs lu'camc a >erioii> linrdcn to him, 
 as, kiiowini:' well what ti'cainicnl they would reccisc tVoni 
 their outraged countrymen, they demandi'd spci'lal lU'lvi- 
 le,HX's duiiu.Li- the >ie,t;-e. and the lirst thonu'lit and I'avor of 
 llic coinniander at the 1]\ acnalion. ( ^aiii' was called honie 
 in ( (elolier, cmliarkinu' on the tenth, liaxin;;' rccci\cd Hal- 
 tering- addro^es IVoin the loi'ies on hi> dc|iai'ture. lie 
 reported him^ciriu London, Xo\-. 11. iJiu'uoyne lollowed 
 liiin in I )eci'nilici'. Ilowewas left in connnand. lU'forc 
 (ia^c went away he had allowed more of the iiihaliitanls 
 to leave tlu town, thouyli nnder severer restrictions. In 
 11 
 
82 
 
 ( r.Ni'KNMAi, A\MVi;i;sAi!V t>v ■riii; 
 
 ^'()\ fill" ;■ Mini I )i'criiilirr iii'iirlv li\i' lumdrcd nicii. wnini'ii 
 iiiul cliildrcu. in a most ]rni;il)I(' coiiditioii, were piil ir^lKire 
 ill ( 'lielsea Mild I'oiiit Sliirlev, Mild tile ]ir()\ iiie'iMls lliniiL;'lil 
 the de>iu'll \VMs \<> >-|ireMd the >IIIm1I-1I( i\ MIluiiiL;- lllelii. 
 
 itill .ill tlie other MIlIloyMlice> Mild illlliet ioiis Ixiriie hv 
 the lie.-ie,m'd were eiidiirahle liv [iroiid Mini seH'-re^iieetinu,- 
 ISritish soldiers, in coiniiMrison with the liiiiuiliMtiou and 
 iiiortilieMtion nf their po-itioii. Those whom tlie\ had 
 sneered at and iiisiiltecl as a rahlile ol' iiiiMrmed coiintrN- 
 nieii Mild eoWMrds whom the smell ol' the rt(l-eoMt>" pow- 
 der would taiiR' into loyaltv, were eoo|iiiin- them ii|> on 
 two small peninsulas, deiyin^ii' llu^ir vciiLieanee. iMiintiiiL;' 
 their eonceil, Miid. with scant ehar^'es of powder, return- 
 in;.;' tiieiii their own lialN. (ieiieral (iaiz'e, a>-iimin,i;' that 
 tile lew di^ahled men that had heeii >ei/ed in the iiMltle at 
 Ciiarleslown were in no >en>e prisoners of wur. luil lelons 
 '"destined to the cord." put them into jail in l>o>loii. with 
 some ol' the citizens whom lie >iis|ieete(i, and umnc them 
 Jail diet. With di^nilied renioii-.t ranee Wa-hiiiLitoii wrot(' 
 to inm. as he did al'terwards to liowi', that we had some 
 of tlu'ir friends, as yet rorl)earin;j;ly dealt with, on wiioin 
 retMliMlion could Miid would lie visited. 
 
 With M purpose ol' niMkiiiLi' m I'Mid into the coiiiitr\, 
 (Jmu'c liMtl written I'or heavy reinl'orcciiienis, with ord- 
 nance, wau'ons. hojvses and supplies. These wi'i'e so 
 dehiyed. so ni.u'u-Mrdly rurnisiied, Mud so insullicienl. that 
 ollicers and men lie^iiu to coiu|ilain that the ministry had 
 lor^otten llieui. had l)roiii;lil them into peril mikI disL;raee, 
 and then ahaiidoiied them. Yet. as these sii|)plies. from 
 lime to time, sailed in lietween oiir capes, our Mdr<iit 
 sivipper:- and "loii,i;slioreineii. intrepid and watchl'iil. cxteiu- 
 
K\A< lAllKN ()|- liovi'ON. 
 
 83 
 
 ]ii>ri/,lii,n' tlii'ir sclKiniici'.'* niitl wliali'-hoals into |ii'i\ii(i' 
 
 vessels ol' war till tlicy |irii\i(le(l lllein-el\cs wllli lieller 
 ones, as pi'Izes. Iie^aii the Kii-iiie-- wliieli al'lerwanls 
 |irn\cil \asil\ fcwai'dini;'. '\'\\v\ liiiiied (i\er a lai'iie |irn- 
 |iiirli(>ii III' the liiii'deii iil'llie t rail-port s, nrdiiaiiee. arm-, 
 powiler. and all -nil- dj' xaliiahies. lo llie pniN iucial-. wlio 
 needed llieiii ipiile as iniicli as did the IJrilisli. 'I'he I'ro- 
 viiieial and ( 'ciiitiiieiitai ( '(iiiu'i'esses had IkiiIi authorized 
 the iieees-arv luea-iires lor iia\al warfare wit h \es-e|s of 
 inai'(|iie and repri-al. I'lie pint'-lree tiaii' and a code of 
 siu'iials were al once ailo|ited. At the end of .\o\ {'iiilier, 
 tile stanch ( 'oinnio(hire Mauls took into ('ape ,\iui the 
 British ordnance lirit;' " Xaiicy," so rich in her eariio for 
 us and so L:'riidL;c(l liy the enemy, that \\ a-hin;^toii. 
 appreheniliiiL:' that a sturdy ell'ort ml^ht he made lo 
 reclaim her, sent down four companies to protecl her 
 stores, .\nionu' these were 2,(1(10 niiiskeis — oiir ( ieneral 
 liad just tli;il numlier of men without any — KlO.ddO Hints, 
 .'JO.OOO roiiiiil— hot. more than thirty ton- of miisl<et-s]iot, 
 eleven iiiortar-lici|s, and a hiass mortar wei^-hin;;' iieari\- 
 ;!.("M) |iounds, to Avhich "Old Put," lielped liy a holtle 
 of rum. L;a\c the name " (,'unyress." ^V hold movement of 
 (len. 'I'lionias, in Hoxhnry. had narrowi'd the enein\"s lines 
 on the Xeek. 
 
 It is inar\('lloiis to realize liow comforlahK' and even 
 la\i-li!y the slender resoui'ces of our own |...\ini'e for 
 clothiuLi'. I'lpiipplnu', and feodin*;" li,i!.'htiiii;' men wt'rc rein- 
 I'oreed from iMi^ulisli and Trisli armories, magazines, iloclcs, 
 coal-pits, and wine and heer \aults. .\nd all this wliile 
 Hritish ollicers were writiuL;' home hitler complaints (d' 
 their starved rations and mean food. I'^roni coi'respond- 
 
.S| 
 
 ( KNI'KNM \l, .\N\I\ i;i;s.\|;v (i| IIIK 
 
 ciKc 1111(1 (liiciiiiifiils wliicli lijivc coinc 1() lijilil in recent 
 V(;ii< we Iciirn lA' tlie e(imiiil>. ndviee^, iii>li'iieli(in--. Jind 
 
 linH-riil-IIHil |i|;il|v, |ii(.Ki||o- to llle \nIlMll;il'\ W il lldrilW 111 
 
 liv llle r>rlii-.|i (ieiierjil IVniii liis iiilii )-|iii .'ililc i|ii;irlers. 
 IJul tlif (jillicilllv Wii^ nlpuill llle liiiiliL;- il\\;iv, llle y-eltill.n- 
 Dill. . -111(1 (he pIliiiL;- oil'. Ill' could iiol divide his I'oree, 
 and lie llild llol slijlicienl >lii|i|iiliL;- in wjiieh lo reiiidVl! 
 men and |iro|.erl\ . When ihi- was linall\ aeeoiii|ili>lied, 
 as we sliali -ee. il was l,v ihe allowance ol' llic |iro\ ineials, 
 and on the score ol' a coii-idcraiion. 
 
 ^\ lien all lliesc liiiinllialions ol' the l)esier>-ed arniv 
 liccanie know n in Mnu'land. cha-rin and ridicnle divided 
 aholll e(|ii;illv ihe lolieorihe collllllelll-. lloWc"s letters 
 to I-"r(l I )ailiii(iiilli in Xovcinlier and Deceinlicr helrav 
 I'eal alanii. He would leave l>os|on it' he had loiina.i:'c' 
 elloimli. The (|llestion^. eiitici>llis .-illd een~lires llllercd in 
 I'arliaiiient were liiller and laiinlinii- Troiii the o|)|io>iiion, 
 olistinale and deliani from the ministry. ( )n Ndveinlier I, 
 liiirke -aid ol'the army, the rehels "coo|) it ii|i, l)e-iet:c il, 
 de-troy it. erii-h it. Ymw olllcers are swept oil' liv their 
 rille>. if they show tlicii' noses." ( 'o|. liarre said. " 'I'liev 
 hiirn even the li;.;lil-lioiise under the nose of the tleet. and 
 carry oil' the men sent to repair it." With the liarh oCliis 
 k<'enesi irony, Horace Walpole wrote lo his clerical corre- 
 spondent. .\iiu-nsi 7. 177."), "Mrs. Iiritannia orders her 
 senate lo proclaim .\nicrica a contiiiciil ol" cowards, and 
 vote il should he starvi'd nnless it would drink lea with 
 her. She sends her only army to lie l)esieo(.|| ji, ,„),, ,,f 
 her towns. , '111(1 hall' her Heel lo hcsien'e the A /vv/ ///•///</.• Imt 
 order- her arm_\ to do iiothiiiLi'. in hopes thai the .Vnierican 
 .Seiiale in I'hiladelphia will lie >.o friuhteiied al the llritish 
 
K\ A( I AIIUN OK |1()>|().V. 
 
 S," 
 
 •> 
 
 linil\ hciiio. hcHi'Uvd ill iJu-lnii. tli;i| ii uill >iic |;,r |m;icc." 
 llf wn.lc t(. ( '(.llWilv. " \Vc li.nr lliruuii.-i |,rl,l,lr ;il ;| 
 
 iii;i>liir, and arc Mirp, ■!>(■(! ii v\a- n<>l rri-lit.iicd." 'I'hc 
 
 MHiiistcrs iv-dlvcd I., Mild cncr |. iviiiCHvciiirii;-, and 
 
 silp|ili(-. and al micIi mi-luv c.^i ihat ih,. |Hn|,|,. ,,r 
 Britain have ii.ii \,.| liiii>||,.d paviii,-- Inr tluin. ■riicrc 
 uciv .-..(((HI ,,N,.|,. I I.OUK ,|„.,.|,. ,.|c., uiih lias and \iiii-i,r, 
 • oats. Iicaiis. llniir, |„.,.|-. ,.,.al. and even {'a'^.iI-.. IvMnr- 
 U<<\v.,\v I'lvi-liis d.'la,\. and di>a>tfr^ impeded llie tran^- 
 l""'''"i"i'- ■•"'•I 111'' "<-<;iii lra(d<^ >\u>\\v,\ iiians ul' tji,. dead 
 •iiiiniaU llualin-'. I low ,.\ er. our | 1 1\ aleers had a I'air -liaiv 
 
 ill the ^jJdil. 
 
 'l'-iu.ii(i- Ihe end III' liie siege a lla--, with driiin and 
 li-|ini|Hl. Weill cvcrv 'l"iies(hi_v to the l.N.xJMirv iiiK-. to 
 ""'"I''' <ri'"i'liiiiilies I'or such interecMir>e. eonver-aliuli 
 with Irieiid-. or the exehan-c of K^tteis. or [\<\- the en- 
 trance or exit ol' iiidivi.hials as was alhiwcd on -pceial 
 (iivor, or tor a iiioncv consi(h>ration. In old lainiKcal)- 
 iiK'l- and aiiti(|iiariaii re|iositoric> there arc extant, in rich 
 
 "' I'""'"' ••I'l'l variety, some tinie-staiiied |Ki|ier>, relatiii-;- 
 
 .•di sorts of private and pnlihe inciihnis whieli transpired 
 ill Itosinii dnrin- those dreadful months. M,,.t ,,f tlie 
 letters tliat passed 1)_\ the lla- are. of eonise. u ritleii as 
 IVom the depths of wretehedness.aild reproduce their ago- 
 
 Illi'S III the reader of them. S e of tile papers, however, 
 
 have a stran,-v levit,\ and j<.llit_\. We have a few diaries 
 and scraps from the pens of resolute or timid patriots, inen 
 .■in<i women, who. hv compulsion or free-will, staved hv the 
 dear old home, throutili all its woes. The letters that "-ot 
 •lilt of it hv stealth or allowance unite the sundered heart- 
 stnii-s of the in.nihcrs of separated families, or r.'port the 
 
8(; 
 
 CKNTI.NMAI. ANMVKKSAKV OF TIIK 
 
 sliilc (if niiiiiants of \viislini:- in'ojici'lv. We rcail \hi' 
 liouscliold nidcai'iiu'iits in pet ciiithcts and the lircatliintis 
 fjl'liiclv: liic aiinniiiii-cniciit that tliis one has died, and 
 the i[iir>lii>ii if that one is nlisc; tlic Immclv '.■cjiiii't ol' tile 
 slate III' ilic wai'di'iihc dl' man, vminan or child; ianicnta- 
 tidiis (>\cr tlic cniiity panl ry. tlu' cnKl heartlis. or llii' cost; 
 <d' the poorest iiiod. 'I'liere is a cons) i-iined rcliccnct' aliout 
 certain mattei'- in tiiese letters, wliiiii i- itself richly suj;- 
 gcstivc. I)Ut there is ihe >terne-t reality in llieni all, of 
 coiisninin^- anxiety, the di-eai'y detail of sleeplessness, 
 ji'rief, inisolaeed lo\e, appi'ehension^ and alarms of all pos- 
 sible miseries not yet actnal, and snnnnaries of the woi'k 
 of po\erty, pcsiileiicc. and militai-y rnle. One of the in- 
 lial)itanls, holdinji' lar,m' jiroperly, for thi' ]iro!eciion ol' 
 which he had remained in town, in \\ritinL;- to a fri'/nd in 
 I'hiladelphia ahonl the scarcity of food and i'nel, ^-rimly 
 Jidds. that it is almost iinpos>ilile for ihe hereaved to 
 procure hoarils i'oi' the " nmleruronnd tenements ol' their 
 dcpai'tcd friends." 
 
 The IJi'itish connnander, liesides usin^- one of the meet- 
 iii.^-honst's lor a lidinji-scliool, one for a sialile, and two 
 for the stora,i;c ul' pr<i\('nder, and renio\'ng the stt'cple of 
 Jinothei- on the cliaryi! that it had heiii nsed for sij;'nidhn.!i', 
 lind ordered the dcstrnction of t he Old N'ortli ^Fcctinn- 
 
 liou>t a solid tind)er strnclnrc, hardened hy a centnry 
 
 — and of a hinidi'cd wooden dwcllinji's, foi' fuel. The 
 soldiers had made away with tlu' silN of wharves, with 
 I'enccs, orchards and tri'cs, inclndin.L;', as a s|)ecial spiii', 
 till' Liberty 'Tree. 'I'he ollicers had taken possession of 
 ihe i)cst private houses of the town, and their considci'a- 
 tion as gentlemen prcservt'd siich buildinys and their 
 
t 
 
 KVACIATION' (II' r.OSTdV. 
 
 87 
 
 cmilciifs IVnni \i(ilciicc and pilliigc. On tlic M]i|ii'(iacli of 
 winter nianv of llic troops had licvn slicliiicd in (k'sorted 
 dwciliiiiis and warclinuscs, -wiiicli liad been ciniiticd of 
 the t'H'ccIs lH'lonj;-in;i' lo absent citizens. 'I'he rui'nitui'c 
 and i;(iod-^ were nio-tlv lost » llie o\vner>. 'I'he C'oniinon 
 A\as bni'i'owed over with pits b_s tiie soldiers, sviiile sinall- 
 ])o.\, dysentery, seurvy, and other ailments indnei'd a laiL;e 
 iHoi'talily among them. 'I'he dead wei'e buried in Ifenehes 
 at the fool of the Conunon. which thus gaw a new place 
 to the town Ibr inlefnients. ].etters IVoin ollieei-s and 
 >ol(iiers, written to IViends in l-^ngland. are eriuallv .sug- 
 gestive in tile conununications made by ihem during the 
 discomfoi'ts o|' ilu'ir inglorious garrison life. 
 
 Fl is fairly supposable, undei' condition- that may be 
 I'eadily delincd. tliat tlu' siege of I)osti)n might base been 
 coudiu'ted to a I'esull secui'ing the capit idat i<in of iju- 
 whole J>i-iti>h I'orce of men and >liip>. They might iiave 
 been cut oil' from supplies through the only channel open 
 to tluin, il' the liarbor could have been closed by a few 
 sunUen obstructions, and batteries well sciaciI could lia\'c 
 l)eeu planted on o|iposite points and headlands. Plans, 
 indeed, were pinposcd for seizing and destroying the 
 Castle, and seeming thai result. Mi-. (^)uiney. of l>rain- 
 trco, and olluas jiressed unon Washington their >elicmi's 
 for clVecting it. The provincials Jiad done many daiing 
 feats on the islands and harbor p, 'uontorics. which the\' 
 had stripped and desnlatc(l uii ' r the guns of the war- 
 vessels. They Minid lia\ c do;;e i heir pai'l in slnittiug up 
 the harbor; but Washington had not the heavy oi'dnancc 
 and powder which the enterprise demanded, nor could he 
 weaken his forci' and batteries on the main. l'\a.sibU' as 
 
ss 
 
 ( i:\ii:nmai. anmvkksakv or I'liic 
 
 till- luuk'rtiiking seeiiu'd, llic iiicnns and ri'SDurces wore 
 liic-lviiii:'. Xoi- would llic capitulation of tlial IJritisli 
 ai-ni_v, >]niL in and stai'Vfd. asionndini;' a- ijic rc|ioi't oC it 
 would liaM' lu'.'n, li.'nc had a (Icci.^ivf inllucncc on tlu' 
 htriigyic. When, more than a y;w and a hall' aiicrwards, 
 I}iii\i;-ovne siuTendiM't^d an ai'un- orii;inallv nearly as lar«>'o 
 as that in J>oslon, and our I'oreii;!! alliances were liv tliat 
 event secured, liriiain resolved to try .-till once more. 
 
 Yet dtn'ing the latter part of the sieo-e, wiiile Congi'ess 
 was still leni]ioia/.inu-. it seems \o have heeii tliouj;lit that 
 tlie whole struggle, >o liir as open warl'ai'e was concerned, 
 might be concentrated and terminatt^d here. 'I'lie ord- 
 nance hi'ought In- Knox, with such immense toil, over 
 i'lozen lakes and lln-ough lijrests, lidui Ticonderoga and 
 Ci'owii Toiul, with shells li'oni the king's stores in Xew 
 York, and othei- spdils IVoni the jirizes. had givei\ actual 
 strength and insjiiration of high courage and hopeniliiess 
 to llie jirovincials. The\ I'elt sure that they had the 
 enemy where they cotdd ki-ep him, iiidess he cho.-e to 
 tloal away. 
 
 'The l>rili>h (ieneral wrote to Lord Dartmoulii thai 
 J>o-ton was "the most disadvantageous |ilace I'oi- all 
 > lations;" and Washington wrote to Congress that 
 ''the siegi' was as close a one as any on I'arlli can be.'' 
 That w.as another ol' the I'ew points in which bolh parties 
 were in accoi'd. Admii'al Scluddam came into the iiarbor 
 on Xew Year's day to taki' the place ol' (iraves, there 
 liaving licen altercations betw-een the l.aller and the (ien- 
 eral, arising Ji'dm com|>laiiits, al the lack of su|)port and 
 supplies, •which the army had raised against the lleet. 
 Sdiuldam broughl with him c()i)ies of the king's "gra- 
 
]:\'ACl'ATI<J\ OF HOSTOV. 
 
 89 
 
 cious s])C'ocli," full of ohstinato resolution. A mns-; of 
 these pi'ecious doeuinents were sent out to lie dispersed 
 fiu'ou;^!! tiie patriot army, where tlun* were received wllli 
 (•oiiteui])t and riilieuio. AVasiiington wrote to fJosej)]) 
 Jieed that l)i'l'ofe tlie papers eanie lie "liad lioisted the 
 Union Hag, in eoni])linient to tlie I'niled Colonies," and 
 its ai)pearanee was I'ashly interpreted in l>oston as a 
 token ol' submission and delight at the al'oresiiid "gracinus 
 speeeh." The ilag, as you see it among the decollations 
 ol" this hall, showed, witlmnt as yet any s|)angTmg of 
 stars, thirteen strijies of red on a white Held, with the 
 united red and white crosses of St. (ieorge and St. 
 Andrew on a blue ground in the corner. 
 
 I'he long-drawn issue l)etween the boiegers and the 
 besieged was to have its close in a compromise, as con- 
 cerned the belligerents, yet in a iriumph, the joy and 
 satisfaction of which human language would be weak to 
 express, for the lainilies < .Piston. It has often been 
 regarded as among the faluiti s which chafacterizt'd so 
 niueh of the conduct of the war hen by the British 
 ministry and army, — alike in its ellbn^ an 1 in its ovei- 
 sight.s, — that its connnandcrs had not learned to im|>ro\f, 
 on the heights f)n the south side of Boston, the le-^-on 
 taught them by those on the north si(li\ Why had hey 
 not possessed themselves of the elevations neare-i lieiii 
 in Doi'chestery But the ([iicry admits of two answer^, as 
 the I'easons for action or neglect were balanced. The 
 British seem to have given over an altempt to rush '■• ■ 
 into the eoiinti'y in any direction. a<, if they got (pin, ii 
 woukl only be to hold one hill against a hundretl others. 
 
90 
 
 (.KNTKNMAL AN>« IVKltf^.MlY OF TllIO 
 
 l|[|-: llKKIlll'S (jK )>(U;rlIF.srKK. 
 
 A wrck Mi'lcr Wiisliiiiiiton lodk (•oiuiiKind. a ("I'lmcil 
 of Vt'iw iiiul (Icfidcd not to alti'iiiiil to <;-rt possession ol" 
 these lu'i.u'lits. nor to (ipposc tlic eiu'iny il' tlicy slioiild 
 oc'Cui)\' tlu'iii. IJiit, tlio c-oininaudei- had IVoiii the iiist 
 Ivcpt Ills eye and tliought upon them as cnleriiij;- largely 
 into the decision of tlie result. ITe liad resolved, too, 
 that a I'esdlute elVort shoidd he made in one directinn or 
 another to drive oil' the t'uemy hel'ore the expeeled rein- 
 loi'eements, known to \n' on the ocean, should arrive. 
 IIi.s mea.siu'cs may or may not have been quickened by 
 riunors of the design of a movement on tlu' part of the 
 enemy. 
 
 It is to lie rememhered that, though all ihrougli the 
 ^iege the comliatants were supposed to obtain a general, 
 and even minute, knowledge of each other's condition, 
 situation and ])lans, through such adventurous persons as 
 could evade the guai'ds, or such as were allowed to leave 
 or enter the town, all such inl'ormalion was to be reccivi'd 
 with huge alhiwauces for exaggeration or deception. On 
 Feliruary V.i about ."iOD nu>n under Colonel Leslie, with 
 grenadiers and light infantry under Colonel ^Nlusgrave, 
 had crossed to Dorchester Xeck. destroyed some scattered 
 Iniildings there, and taken prisuners I he guard of six, 
 "•etliii"' awa\' before thev ( "uld be iuterfeied with. 'I'hei'c 
 ■were three elevati(ms in that |(art of 1 )oridiest<'i' miw 
 kiKJwn as .*south Uoston which were invobcd in the 
 plans of Washington, '^riie old works njion them, ri'- 
 newed in the war of ISIli, have disappeared, and the 
 original I'ealures ol' the site havi' been almost wholly 
 
 \ 
 
KVACTATlnX OK JiOSlOV. 
 
 91 
 
 I 
 
 nl)literat('(l l)_v tin; liaiul oC iiuprovcinont. Crossing frmii 
 Itoxhurv on tlic eilgi.' of the tidc-walcr marslics l)y Dor- 
 clieslcr Xuck, two siinunils, noar llir pri'scnt rcsiTvoir and 
 tlu' IJlind .\syluni. oUVrcd sites whicJi conunandcd a ])arl 
 of Hostoii and ol' the liarl)or. IJelow tlicsc. and ciosci' to 
 tlic watci'. ncari'st to Pxiston at l{o\l)ni'S' Xcclc. was 
 anotlu'i' clt'vation. tlicn called Xook's Hill, IIr' site, al 
 ])r('sont, of the Lawrence School-lionse. The plans 
 and pi'e|iai'atinn'- of Washington lor ])ossessing these 
 heights were s:i deliberate and thorongh. so carcrully 
 studied in the niinntot detail, so conditioned iii)on idter- 
 iiative and eo-opei'ating inovi'nients of his own, and upon 
 the action of the enemy, as to ])i'ovo with what ]iationt 
 and brooding >tudy he had wrought them out. '^Iliere 
 was in them no instigalii)U of a siu'pi'ise, no occasions of 
 hurry and afterlliought. no hudc of any provision m^i'dlid 
 for sncce». Chei'rl'nlly, heartily, and without any with- 
 holding of niedful aid. were his plans and theii' details 
 ad\anced by all on whom he ri'lied. ^lany elemental 
 inlluenccs wliit'h were ballling to the enemy favoi'ed ITun. 
 Ili> chief dilliculty lay in the fact that the ground on the 
 heights was fro/eii to the (h-pth of eightei'i, inches, and 
 the next was the i-xposure of Dorchester Neck, over 
 Avhich his nun aiul means nuist pass. The utmost dili- 
 gence had been pre\ iou>ly u^ed by Colonel ]\rilHiu and 
 othei-s to ]iro\ide these means — three oi' foui' hnndi'cd 
 o.\-teams and carts, large ipiantitii's of i'a>eines, chan- 
 deliers, bundles of seri'Wed bay to pi'otect tiie .Neck ;ind 
 to aid in the eonstrncti<jn of the di'fences. with bari'els 
 fa^ened together and filled with stones, sand and gravel, 
 for roHinii' down from the declivities to bri'ak the ranks of 
 
02 
 
 cioNTK\M.\r. an:n'ivei;sai!y of tuk 
 
 tlic assailanls. On tlic oveiiiiig- of Monday, Mnrcli 4, a 
 covoritij^- and a working- ])ai't_v, making 2,000 men, nndtT 
 Cicneral 'J'liomas, startcMl on tlic cntcrpi'isc, as qnicllj as 
 possibk', lliL' dircclion of tlic wind also favoring the 
 socTocy of their motions. It was also a ])art ol' the jilan 
 to engage the attention of the enemy liv a vigorous 
 eannonade on the other side of j}oston. By ti'n o'eloek 
 at night the men had raised a foi't, proof against small 
 arms and grajjc-shol, on eaeh of the two farthest I'leva- 
 tions, menacing rcs|)eetivcly the town, and the Castle and 
 vessels. 
 
 It was a mild, clear night for the season; warm work 
 neutralized the chill air. A lull moon overhead was ac- 
 companied by a haze settling over the town and lowlands, 
 and veiling the entei'prise from the senti'ies of the enemy. 
 A relief parly came on at three o'clock in the morning, of 
 Tuesday. Xot till some time after dayl)reak were the 
 Avorks disclosed to the !5ritish, and when (ien. ITowc 
 gazed at the spectacle, he is said to hav(> declared, in his 
 amazement, that the rel)els had done more in a nighl than 
 his whole army would have accomi)lishcd in months. He 
 was at once warned hy the Admii'al that the com[)letion of 
 the foi'ts would i'e(jnire him to withdraw his vessels from 
 the inner harlior. Of course the rebels nuist lie dislodged, 
 or he nmst evacuate the town. 'I'lic day was the now 
 historic ilftli of ^March.and as it was expected that it would 
 repeat some of the scenes acted on Bunker's Hill, the 
 word i)asse(l from Washington as a rallying cry, bidding- 
 the provincials renieinber the day ol" the " Itloody massacre." 
 I'eter 'riiatcher duly delivered the oration at Watertown. 
 Evei-y movement of the enemy Avas rigidly watched, and 
 
 ^ 
 
KVAf lATlOV OV r.OSTOV. 
 
 !»:; 
 
 ^^ 
 
 tlu' system ol' >iuii,il!iiij:' ;iri'aii,i;c(l l)_v \\';isliinL;-liiii coiii- 
 iiiiiiiicMtfd iiirunnaliiiii anil (lircrti()U> iln-nimii ]u< wImAv 
 lines. Ilis arrau^'ciaeiit was ilial il' ellou_^■ll uCtlie I>rili>li 
 left Doslon to stdriii the lU'W worlds, as would warrant the 
 veiiliire, I.O(K) men would emhark at tln' mouth ol' the 
 Chai'k's, in two divisions, undei' Sulli\au ami (ireene, tlu' 
 ■whole connnaiuled b}' I'nlnam. Sulli\ an"s division was to 
 liave landed at the ]'owder-honse, to take lU'aeon Hill, and 
 ^II. Ilorain; while (ireene's, landing near IJarlon's Point, 
 should take that, and then joining' tlu' other <li\i>ion >hoidd 
 liiree the enemy's line inside at tlu' Xeid^. and let in a 
 (U'laehnieiit IVom IJoxlmi'y. .V slrouL;- fleet ol' lloatinj;" 
 batteries was to have preceded the other boats. Washing- 
 ton seems to have been disapiiointi'd that the thwarting- 
 course adojiled 1)} the enemy had not brought his scheme 
 t<i the trial. 
 
 (ieii. llowe, alter a council of war. decided to make an 
 immediate attempt to dislodge the provincials. Tlu' ex- 
 citement ;ind stir in the town wei'c jilaiidy visible {o 
 those who were >o inti'i'csted in walcliing eveiy movement. 
 The lestiuKUiy of trustworthy observers then in the town, 
 as afterwards given to their friends, was, that il was \vilh 
 sunken spirits, without alacrity or t'lithusiasm, and with 
 the memory of the slaughter on the heights of Charles- 
 lown, thai the red-coats, in ibi'ce amounting to 2,100, 
 under I.ord I'erey, marcheil to the wharves to take boats 
 for embarking <m tlu' transports. The provincials eagerlv 
 awaited the movement, supposing the enemv would svvi'cp 
 lip behind the heights and at onci' commeiiee the assault. 
 This, however, was not the design. 'I'lie enemy di'op|)ed 
 down to the CastU', intending to make the assault on 
 
94 
 
 CKNTFAMAI, AXXIVF.ltSAllV OF TIIF, 
 
 ■\\'((liics(l;iy. Ilu' (Itli. Tlic rrcshciiin.u- of tln' \viiul drove 
 tlircc dl'llii' tr;ins|)(irls on >liorc on (Jovcnior's Island, iuid 
 a violent teni|ii'>t, witli rain, l)ejiinnin,i;- at ni,i;iit and con- 
 tinnin,iithroui;li the next day, I'rnstrated tlie [)nrii()se. In llie 
 lui'anwiiiie the pi'ovineials. in si>ite of llie storm, eontinned 
 to streniitlien tlieii' works, so as to assui'c llie enemy of tiie 
 liopeiosness ol' attemittini;- to carry them. 'I'iie militia ol' 
 tile neii;'li!)oi'in,L;' towns, called out I'or a lew days lo en>ui'e 
 the onter])rise, iierlormed all the iieedl'nl incidental work. 
 ITowe, after anollier eonncil ol'war, on the (Jlh, decided to 
 evacuate the loun: at the same time he received desiiatches 
 a})|irovinL;- of his own sn,ii-,t;estion that he should remain till 
 he was reiid'orced. Congress, in 1 )ecemlii'i', had .given 
 Washington authority lo destroy IJoston il'the enemy conld 
 in no other way he dislodge<h 'l"he rresideut. Hancock, 
 in transmitting this vote, gave his o\\ n a]iproval, though he 
 would he a eliiel' >uirerer in lo>s of property. 
 
 'I'UF. i;v \( r A rioN. 
 IWit the patriots wi'i'c not compelled to desolate their 
 own ca])ital, neither did the enemy within it wish that its 
 hond)ardment should include themselves. Washington 
 would not harm the town if tlu' enemy would leave it, hut 
 he did not mean that they should get out of it and then 
 l.ui'u it hehind them. He was still i)lying the enemy with 
 vigorous hlows, and his elaltorati' pliius were so matured 
 and threatening that the Ih'ilish forces would have suf- 
 fered some extreme di-a~ler, hiul not a compromise l)een 
 availed of, which was acceiitalile to hoth ])arties, though 
 dci'plv mortifying to the enemy. Through the aid of the 
 .selectmen of lU)ston in conference with llritish ollieers, an 
 
 I 
 
KVAci'A riov <>i' r.osroN. 
 
 !).". 
 
 implied ciivciiiiiil — liioiiu'li willidiit sin'iialurc i>r seal to 
 ratilV it — was clVi'dc;! at tiic Ifnxliiirv iiiics, hv tiic lacil 
 as>iMit — mijil('(lt;i(l. howrvcr, ol' \\ asliiiiuloii — thai il' 
 tiic l>rilisli could Im; allowed, iiimi(ile>-ted. a I'casoiialilc 
 time li)!' paekiiii;- and cniliarkiiii:', llirV would lca\(' the 
 town iinlianiicd. 'I'lic iidoiiiial |»lcd,nc was acec|)lcd, and 
 ^Mll>tantially coinplii'd with. 'I'iic provincials mii^lit rea- 
 sonably have renioustralcd and demanded renmncratiou 
 lor the enormons amminl ol' phinder of I'vcry kind, i'urni- 
 lni-e and .n'oods taken IVoin tin; houses and stoi'es, 
 which wi'rc liroken into and pilla.^x-il by some ol' ihe 
 troops and sailoi's and the meanest class ol' the torie.s. 
 These onlraj;es continued for a we(d<, in si)iic ol'lhe proc- 
 lamations oC the (u'ueral ihri'atenini;- instant death upon 
 anv one di'ieclcd in plundering;' or lirin,-- a liuildin.i;-. l>nt 
 on the last (lavs ol' hi> stay he liimscH' oi-dercd all woollen 
 and linen ^oods to be seized I'or the use of hi- ai'uiy. 'i'he 
 packing up was a hurried and critical operation, as, on tlu' 
 last day ol'lhe sieue, Wa;^hing'lon had .-uccccdcd in planl- 
 in<>' elVcctive works on Nook's Hill, the nearest ek'vatiou to 
 liostou. I'roni which he could rake ISoslon Neck inside and 
 distress the enemy and their shii)ping. It was at this 
 moment that the Hritisli (icneral was made to reaiizt' what 
 an inenmbrance and luiisance he had to dispose of in the 
 tories, who now luuig so despairingly on hi.s hands. Al- 
 most demcnti'd with dismay and I'right. they implored to 
 be put into the vi'ssels lir>l, with all 'heir household goods 
 and properly. Wasiiingtoii wrote lo his brother .Vugus- 
 tine. that some of these had ct)id'essed that, " 11' they 
 thonghl the most abjc'ct submission would have procured 
 them peace, they never would have stirred I'rom the town. 
 
90 
 
 CliNTKNMAL A.NMN'KltSAUV HF ■|'11K 
 
 Hv all Mccouiits tliiTe iU'ViT (•.\i>ti'(l a niorc mlscrahlo 
 >ct oT lKiii,i;-.s tliau llu'su ■wrclclicd crcatm'cs arc. 'I'licy 
 cliDosc to ((iiiiinit tlR'insclvi'S U> llu' inri'cy of llic waves, 
 al a l('iii|icstii(iiis season, ratlirr tliaii iiurl llu'ir nll'cndcd 
 comilryincn." 
 
 Bill several ol" tile shrewdest of tliese lories liad, hy 
 iiioiiev or i'avor, iMaua,n-ed to secure a passa.^c to I'ji^laiid, 
 or liie West Indies, lielore llic calastro|>iu' canic. 'I'iien 
 there were lar-e minihci's of the .-iek and id' women and 
 children to be jirovided for. The kind's property alxi, 
 with all the accuinnlations of military Mipplie^, camp 
 e(iuil)a<;e and >lores, was, as far as po>sil)le, lo he re- 
 moved, or. at least, destroyed. Tiie shi|.piiiii- was wholly 
 in>nllicient, out ol" trim, w ilhont I'ood and water, and the 
 :\Iarcli -aU's were thrcatenin.i;-. 'The wliarvo witne>-ed a 
 hni'ricd conlii-ion. as hoats with their hnman or other 
 IVciLLhl were pa»in-- to the ve»els in the channel. 
 Masses <d' v:ilnal)les were destroyed, broken, bnrued, 
 thrown overbi>ard. whilr many nn>erviceable erait were 
 .scuttled. The Castle must lie dismantled, but tlieharboi- 
 must be -uai-ded to waiai olV the transports and reinlbrce- 
 meuts which were on their way lo the town. Still the 
 enemy wciv comiielled to leave behind them oi'dnanee, 
 goods, and mi-eellaneoiis propi'rty. which were ol' -;roat 
 value, and which were put to excellent service by ihe 
 provincials, (ieii. (ia-e's chariol. tipped oil' ol' a whai'l', 
 was not especiidly ol' use. 'I'hcrc was just enon,L;-h of 
 pinv Trom the jirovincial batteries to keep the enemy 
 mindi'ul ol' the value and speed id' time. The streets 
 wei-c bai-ricadcd ami the inhabitants wiMV warned to keep 
 (luii'l in iheir dwellin-s while critical operations were in 
 
K\ Act AliU.N Of JtOSTUN. 
 
 J)7 
 
 progress. It woiiltl sfciii that only a coiitrary wind kept 
 the enciny IVoin loaviiijj,' on Satin-clay; al any rati', llin-c 
 Mils k'isuix' enongii for the perjjetrating of nioi'e inisdiier 
 and oMlra;j;'c. 'J'liey ehose the Pnritan Satnrday eveniiii,', 
 tlir midiiiij-lit and tlic caiis imui's nl' Si:n(iav, I'ur their 
 depai'tm-e. Iveeii-.sel eyes were walehinu' (or the moment 
 when the guard shoidd he witluliawii IVom tiie gales at 
 the Xt'ek. At sunri-^e the enemy were afloat in their 
 dismantled and enenmhcred vessels, and those which 
 earrii'd the toiies were the liist to reach and leave tiie 
 outer harlior. As keen eyes as were any on tjit- land 
 were also watching from Yankee decks hetween the 
 Capes, to pick np any stragglers. Ollicers, men and 
 marines, in nnndicr ni'arly nine thousand; women; and 
 eleven hnndred lories and flieir families, fonnd their 
 crowded (piai-ters in seventy-eight ships and transports. 
 Jint wonld they really sail away, or linger to send iiack 
 their Parthian vengeance from their guns, or desolate 
 the shore towns? And if they sailed away, whither wonld 
 they go? Only after ten days was Washington relieved 
 of a [)arl of his anxiety hy the final depart nre of the fleet, 
 leaving only a gnai'd. To reduce the rest of liis anxiety he 
 had already despatched a l()rcr to New York. The harbor 
 ■was not wiiolly ojiciied till the provincials, hy works 
 con-.triicied on the shoi'e> and headlands, di-(n-e away the 
 last >enlinel ship in dniie. jii-t two years after the Port 
 Hill had closed it. TIkh our liiilc navy had a revel in its 
 jirize-taking.s. 
 
98 fKNTHNNtAr, AWI VKltSAi; V nV TIIK 
 
 Tin- old town was ii;;Miii in tlic liands ol' its citi/.i'ns nnd 
 protcctoi-. 'I'liis was a j;lorioiis day, a Inindird years a.u'o, 
 l)iit it had its dt('|) shadows and its dark Tears. 'I'liere was 
 no parade oC poni]), or |ii'oeessioii, or ie-.ti\ity, or lij;'lit. 
 yli'i'. nor nuieii ptiliiie siiow of joy, at its lirsl re|)()SSL'ssi()ii. 
 Charieslown was a eoniplele desolation ol' nionrnlnl 
 chininey-slaeks, while some (^nakei- sentries stood niock- 
 inj;ly in its a1)an(h>nod i'orlilieations. There were I'oul in- 
 leetions li'i'i in Hoslon. wliieh even the raw air ol' the sprlny 
 could not drive away, and disease lon^' continued its 
 ravaj;es liei'e. Impediments and fortnri; trajis were set in 
 the way ol' those who should first rusli in. 'I'he town was 
 serrated with militaiy works. ]Many ol' its homes were 
 emjjtied, deliiced and polluted, and its warcli()Uses had 
 been rilled. There was a j^eneral aspect (d' devastation, 
 though the hanil of violence had not wron^^ht -o complete 
 a wreck as had been I'eared. The remnant of its liherty- 
 lovin,";' peofjle showed, hy their ])inched and ha,nj^ard coun- 
 tenances and theii' Avasted frames, what they had bet'ii 
 I'ndmin^- from alarms and fi'ights, from sleeplessness, from 
 cold and hun<;er. Cowering lier'e and there were indi- 
 viduaN or j;'rou[)s, whose synipatlfies or service had been 
 with the retiring foe, and who were either too poor and 
 mean to be taken away with them, or who hoped to make 
 their peace by some excuse or subserviency. These 
 were soon taken in liand, a ]iart I'oi- ])ity and slow forgive- 
 ness, wlfde the worst of them clianged places with the last 
 tenants of the jail. The gates wei'e unbarred at lioxl)ury 
 ^Xecdc, by Col. Learned, on Sunday morning, and a body of 
 
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 ^•, ;J f - 'ij^yatlip 
 
 I 
 
EVACIATIO.V <>J' IIO.STOX. 
 
 99 
 
 live luiiulred soUViLM'.s CMine in tlicro, wliilf Piiliuiiii l)i'oii,ulit 
 over as nifiiiy i'vom Ciunl)i'i(lj;'(' to tiie loot of iIk' Conimoii 
 — care liaviiij;' been talieii lo select sucli as liad liad the 
 siiiall-|)n\. Wasliin_nt<iii. on the ncxi day. canu' <)\ei' for a 
 l)i'ier visit, in a hoat Ironi Dorcliester, will) -lames Ijowdoin. 
 .Jr..\viio took tile eliiel' to dine wilii liini at his (iiMndlaliii'i' 
 l']rvinL>'s. It is reeonied ihal tlie greatest luxury wiiieh 
 the town ailbrded lor their banquet was " a piece ol' salteil 
 beef." 
 
 On the littli. the day al'ter this visit, W'ashinuton wrote 
 to Hancock', at the Co' gress, inCorniini;' hiniol'lhe exaeua- 
 tion, an<l oI' the cundilion of his own Jiouse and fui'niture 
 as little' injured. Il liad been occnpiedby (ieneral Clinton. 
 Tile chief reci'ixcd and returned tlie congralulations of 
 the Cienernl ('(iiu't.and issued, on tlie 21st. a |)roclainatioii 
 j)ro\iclin,u" for order, llie protection of pro]U'i'ly, and a due 
 regard for inagi--lracy, A lai'ge body oi' troops came in 
 on the -JOth, wlio deuioiisjied the enemy's works which 
 menaced inwards, and constructed strong works on Fort 
 ilili and otiicr scawai'd points, and in ( 'iiaricsto\\ n. to 
 overawe the still lingering foe. W "ashington attended the 
 revived 'riinrsday Lectui'e on the 28tli,as a 'I'hanksgiving, 
 and left the camp for \cw ^'ork on April otii. 
 
 I']vcn the exiled inhabitants of Boston do nui seem, as 
 a body, to have made great haste to i-etinai to it. It was 
 still a place of pei'il iVoin a vengeful enemy. IVoni di-iMse, 
 and from |iossibli' lawlessness. Many came to look upon 
 the scene, and defei'red for a season the reoccupation of 
 theii' homes. The inevitable town-meeting was held on 
 .March "Jl'tli. for the election of ollieers and atlenlion to 
 the most pressing business. >lowlv and cautiousU were 
 
100 
 
 f r.NTKXXIAT. A\MVK1!S.\1!V OK 'I'lIK 
 
 till' dwell in;4« and warehou^^es rcsfored to their wonted nses. 
 'J'lie scene.-; dest-rihed, ol ri'unlled i'aniilies minglinn' tlio 
 jo_v of nu'eting willi the j^'riels of uiourninji' over oulrai;'('d 
 homes and Avrecdied J'orlniies, deeply i'n;;a,iie the s\iiij)a- 
 ihies ol' those Avho I'ead tlu' relations. Not till alter the 
 century closed ■wore the signs oC havoc, with the remnants 
 ol' tile inililary works, oliliterated, and the scenes of I'lill 
 l)ros|)erily revived. And now. liy a lair dis[)osal, that 
 portion of the snrronndiny territory which most liimly 
 gri])ed ihe hesieged enemy and compelled him to depart is 
 emhraced in onr mnnicipality. New ICngland was to In? 
 no more the >ceiie .!' -war, and in her ])artici])alioii in it 
 thus far, less ihan two hnndicd of her soldiers had lalleii 
 on her soil. 
 
 Jii recognizing gratefnlly the gift of the medal from C(m- 
 gress, A\'ashiiigton generously tnrned the praise Iroin liim- 
 sell to his army. He said, " They were indeed, al lii-t, an 
 army of undisciplined hu^liaudiiien; luit it is, under (iod, 
 to their hraNcry and atli'Ution to duty that 1 am iudelited 
 I'oi' that success which has procurid me the only reward 
 1 wish to receive, the all'ection and esteem of my counti'y- 
 nien.'" 
 
 Those ol' ydu who are sealed nearest to this reading- 
 desk may have noti'ii that it hears to-day a decoration not 
 i'amiliar to the eyes of all of you, as it \va> to your fathers. 
 AVlien the Declaration of Inde])cndence was first pnlilidy 
 read in this town, on Jul}- 18lh, with demonstrations of pat- 
 riotism and joy, someof the people, not with the liot and vio- 
 lence of a mol), hut in a somewhat orderly way, proceeded 
 to i-emo\e all the outside tokens and symhols of kingly au- 
 thority, crowns, carvings, signs and enihleins, from jaihlic 
 
 T 
 
 UNIVERSITY Of 'Vi-ioRiA 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Victoria 8 C. 
 
EVAfTATIoN' OF ISOSTDX. 
 
 1(»1 
 
 f 
 
 jiliic-os. Tliis deeply and well-carved oalcen (alilel. l)(>aiiiig' 
 the royal ariiis, was attached to tlio l'ro\iiice ][ou>e, as 
 tlic ollicial residence a[' his Majesty's (iovernor. Ol' 
 course it then oanic down Ironi its place of diji'nity, lor it 
 had then, like Croniweirs mace, beconio a hanhle. IJul, 
 ha]i])ily, it was not de>troyed. It has its Avelconie al)iding- 
 ])lacc in the cahiiu't ol' tlie Historical Society. Its nildiiig 
 has \ielded to time. I have not 1)roiiL;ht this royal 
 armorial lalilet here, and put it to lliis use to-day, witli any 
 intent to do it slight or dislionoi-, Init as a valued relic, 
 sii"""'i'Stive of (lavs and I'clations joui;' i)ast. I ilo not lor- 
 get, but rather tenderly renicndicr, that the <^)ueeidy I.ady 
 who now hears that proud escutcheon, with iicr lamented 
 Prince Consort, restrained her royal ])ower from any other 
 exercise than that of a noble and generous sympathy, 
 during the distr;u-tions of our sad civil conlliet. I saw the 
 crown placed upon liei' head, on her coronation day in 
 AVestminster Abbey. an<l have lovi'd ever since to tr:ice 
 lu'r serene course of dignity and lidelity as \\ il'e. mother 
 andqneen of her magnilicent empire. And if our story to- 
 dav has dealt harshly with one who lilled the throne before 
 her, let us not close it without the eN]>ressi()u of onr pi'o- 
 fouudest homage and respect to (^)neen \'i(ioi'ia. not our 
 sovereign, — excciil that, as the highest lady in the world, 
 she should be such to all men. — • but as dur ally and our 
 IViend. 
 
 'i'wo snggestixc thoughts burdened, tlu' one will, his- 
 toric I'acl^. llie oilier, with a modern, and we trust, a 
 jicrpetnal interest, come to onr minds aller-the i-eliearsal of 
 the story of iJostou's humiliation and restoration. First: 
 it was riti'ht and fair \\\ the ordering of the method and 
 
102 
 
 CF.NTKVNIAI, AN'NIVKIiSAKY OK 'rilH 
 
 action of our Ri'volulioiiaiy Wiir, tlinl (lie l)riiiit of the: 
 stniggk' should ]\;\w coini; Ih'st, most si'Ncrdy, pidtract- 
 edly, and (li'cisi\i'ly Iktc. Hostou liad gi iicratcd, ])i'(j- 
 voked, invited the contest witli llic niotlici'-couutrv. Slic 
 lici'scIC l)()a.s(cd in licr town-nicctiuji' that slic liad l)ccn 
 " stationed 'hy Providence in tile I'rout raiilv oi'tiie coiillict." 
 Here wiTe liist uttered ealin and passionless, liiil earnest 
 and eon-eiit jirotests, inauiy reinonstrauces. din-nijied peti- 
 tions. As tliese were dallied with and jailed, it was 
 natural that they should liu\e been followed, as they were 
 first, here, Avitli threats, delianccs, insults ami outraji'cs. 
 Truly was the town descrihi'il. and not def'ained, in I'arlia- 
 iiieiit, as "tile hot-bed of disaU'ection." Trnly did (Jen. 
 (la^'e write to Lord Dartinonth, " In this town the arch- 
 rebels Ibrnu'd their scheme long ngo." With all justice 
 were the sharpest censures and iiivecti\es uttered in the 
 House of Lords against that iiestilent nuisance, a l?oston 
 Town-Meeting, whose nnkiiown origin and authority, and 
 ])erpetiial \italityby adjouruuieiit, seemed to lia\e given 
 it a start at the creation of all things, and to make it iiide- 
 pi'iident even of a resurrection, because it never died. 
 'J'liose meetings originated the measures of concert and 
 action Ibr tlu' jirovince and contineiit. Heix'. too, was the 
 largest group of clear-headed indixiduals coufcning and 
 working together as patriots, by method and progress, as 
 ])o])uIar speakers and writers, skilled in ai'gument and 
 pleading, reading old laws and learning how to ))ut new 
 and better oiu's on the stat ute-book. I lere. too. were clul)s 
 of |)alriots and lilierty-iucn, whose prejudices were so in- 
 tense against tea-jiots, that they ventured to run the 
 greater risk of punch-bowls, it was wholly right and 
 
KVACI'ATIOX OF liOSTdV. 
 
 i(i;; 
 
 fiiir, thi'M, that liostoii slioiild liavc born llio lirst victim of 
 the vi'ii^ciinci' it ]ir<)\ nl<('(l. 
 
 Tlu' other sugg'i'stioM coiiu's in tliis (nrm of ([lustinn : 
 Why is it tliat, wiicn diiv disawtiT, In Hood or iirr, pisii- 
 Icncc or i'aininc, is \isitcd upon any .-^pot, town or count I'v, 
 of this far-s|)i\>ad conliucnt, the lirst ap|)cal for synipaliiv 
 and aid, as swiftly as IIk' throl)1iin.ii' wires can lirlnt;' it, is 
 to JJostou':' And why is it that tlic more distant the scene, 
 and the more strange even tiie name of tiie jilace of tiie 
 disaster to us, tlie nearer and mort' familiar does Boston 
 seem to tho sulferersV The answei' made hy some will he. 
 Because Boston is ricli and thrifty, and its juople have a 
 i't'|)Ute for Uindliness. AN'itliout dis[)nting tiial. we nuist 
 avow that ihei'c is a dcepci' reason, one that rests on deht 
 and obligation. With all the drafts on oiu' purses, w'e 
 have but paid sim])Ie inlert'st on a bonded claim. In the 
 dismal and crushing fate\isited upon trading and conuner- 
 cial lioston by the parliamentary act which hermeticalh 
 closed oiii- port to all cnti'ance. exit and ti'ailic, our Housi' 
 of Jie])rosentatives resolved that this tyi'aiuions l)Iow. 
 struck against this town, was aimed ei|ually against the 
 province, and the eolonizt'd continent. The province and 
 eoi..inent took us at our woi'd. They recognize<l the truth 
 and acted upon it. In deliberating upon a Icttci' receivi'd 
 from Uoslon, the Congress, at I'hiladel|ihia. October l(t. 
 1771, resolved unanimously, that if the ])eo|)le of Ho>ton 
 shouKl find it necessary to leave it and seek the counti'v, 
 "all .Vmerica ought to contribute towards i'ccom|iensiug 
 them for the injury they may thereby sustain: and it will 
 be reconuiiended accordingly." "The Poor ol" Boston" 
 was a phrase familiai' over the continent, and it included. 
 
 •*— ->-«|t 
 
h 
 
 U»l 
 
 CKNTI.NNIAI, AWIVKKSAKV OF Till; 
 
 I'oi" soiiir Mi'tlclcs (iC need, all thi^ iiiliiiliiljiiits. 'I'lic Icttci's 
 of syiii|)iitli\ which ciiiuc IVoiu the whole IciiLi'lii and 
 hrcatlth <>[' \\\v cniinli'v, IVoin town and cilv, hamlet and 
 (solitai'v sell lenient, and the replies io them, till two stout 
 \()liimes. And the syin|>ath\ in these letters always took 
 the I'orni of invoiei's, imentories and manifests of all sul)- 
 stantial «;'il"ls, food, coniniodities, money. Mven these had 
 to reach the town liy tedious land circnils. \'ii'i;inia, too, 
 Ill-sides selldilli;' the deliverer of IJostoll, sent us some f)f 
 her rillemen, a.s did also ^Faryland, to join our j)ro\incial 
 forees for sharper service than the fai'iners' old muskets 
 could ])erforni. Truly, then, does all that: IJoston can do 
 Icir the \ictims of calamity o\er the whole I'nion ur^ce 
 itself as ail entailed ohlijiation recoji'iiizi'd 1)\- admitted 
 claims. 
 
 Twice ill the century has this hk'ssed and jirivileged 
 herita^t; of ours heeii I'esciied and redeemed; — once ])y 
 ourselves, and then an'ain^t and for ourselves. I ha\i' not 
 the lu'art to recoi;-ni/.e the lugulirious utterance^: lu-ard 
 among us just now over the commercial tronhles and the 
 wrecks of honor in high ])laces, which have thrown a 
 shadow upon our otherwise juliilant centennials. 'I"he limes 
 are not dreary; the men who live are not dcgenei'ate. The 
 ca|iital stock of our pulilic wisdom, happiness and \ii'lue 
 has steadily increasi'd. IFc who. hecausc' of exceptional 
 cases or forms of e\il and wrong, consigns his own age or 
 lu'i-itage to decay, shows only his ignorance of the truth 
 ol' history, and his distrust of the Disine workings in all 
 ])rogressive good. The most dejiraving and fatal inlluence 
 that can j)ossihly work through a connnunity is the allow- 
 ance, as if unqiii'stioiied. of a prevailing decay of puhlic 
 
 
EVAfTATroX OF TiOSTOV. 
 
 105 
 
 and ])nv,ilc virtue. Our l)ii;;litcst iidjic is in (lis))clir\ in"- 
 that, and diir iiohlcsl, scciirilv i< in di-pi-ov in^- it. 
 
 As 1 read tiie history ol'onr laliicrs, in all their ^-enera- 
 tions, their toil and virtue seem to me to have hoen tlic 
 noblest, in their steady re<vard for the welfare and happi- 
 ness of their posu'rity. And, as I (irmly believe that no 
 single individual can follow the hij;lH'si iialicrn of an 
 earthly life, unless his hope and faith link on to a fiiturt', 
 so I find it jiroved in all biot;raphies and annals, that all 
 unscllish, noble and heroie lives are those which parents 
 lead for their children and their children's chihiren. We 
 have such lives anion-- us in city, sliite and nation, private 
 and i)ublic. hi-h and humble. 'I'he three generations tliat 
 have lived and died in this City of l$oston, since its vear 
 of desolation, have wronglit with diligence in all the tasks 
 of duty; have been |irotected and controlled by wise and 
 good laws; have lavishly sustained all institutions of 
 learning, benevolence and mercy, and have enjoyed in 
 Iheii' homes — nnder providential limitations only — the 
 measurements and the sum of all earthly happiness. We 
 have had able and faithfid magistrates, — truly select-men. 
 And as for pure and upi'ight citizens, let es venture to in- 
 vite the ti'ial ol'the old Hible test with whicn the patriarch 
 Abraham was so sorely exercised. He was promised that 
 an imperilled city should be spared destruction if llftv 
 righteous men could be Ibund in it. As soon as he ac- 
 cepted the condition, he felt a misgiving, and pleaded that 
 the re((uisite numiiei- might bo ivduced to lbrty-(ive. This 
 being yielded, as he thought more and more of the severitv 
 of the test of rii/fifcoitsncss, he begged to be answei'able 
 for finding only forty, then thirty, then twenty, then ten. 
 
106 
 
 CEXTEXXTAL ANMVEHS.UlV, KTC 
 
 Now do we not all /i'el that if our honoi-ed Mayor was si-t 
 to aiiswiT lor tliis cily,alU'r llial lashion, and was allowi'd 
 to hf^nn Willi the smallest munljci-, ten, he would dare to 
 {?<) up on the sehednle and be responsible lor twenty, 
 thirty, Torty, Jbrty-live and fifty? I have known that full 
 number here, in every year of my mature life. 
 
 So, let me close with a slij,dit expansion of the motto on 
 our City Seal: "As God was with our Blathers, and has 
 been and is with us, so may He ])e with our Mosterity." 
 
 At tiio (■(ii:rluM„ii „r il„> onilioii, wliicli was listoiipd to with 
 fho closest iiltciitioM, iind ivceivod with licarly apiilaiisc, the aiidi- 
 oiice uiiilcl in siniriiiir " Aiucrica," Mfici- wiiich tli,. iMMiclidi,,,, 
 was |)r(.iioiin.'e(l by l{,,v. :\tr. .Maiinin^i;, aii,l tlio services were 
 broii'rlil to a dose. 
 
CHRONICLE OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 ,» 
 
T 
 
 
CHRONICLE or TllH SIKIJE. 
 
 'I'hc writiM' of tli(> prrccliiiir Address, in (•oiupliiinro willi tlii' wislios 
 wliiili liuvc lici'ii oxpH'ssi'd lo liiiii, li!is lii-ouj;lit ti)L,'etlKT from inithciMir 
 sumccH tlio miillcr ol" llic lollowiii',' piigcs, illiiHtnilivo of tlio period luid 
 ilicidi'iils of lcic:d liislorv, wliicii mtc licic (•oiiiiiirmoiMlcd. 
 
 •JIIK riluVIM'lAI. I'Oia-KS SI'MMilNKl). 
 
 Till' Si>Cc)Md l'roviliri:d ('nM;4l-f-:, wliii'll lllld met, !lt Coiiconl, li:id 
 adjouniL'd, on April l.-)lli. 1 77:.. to llu' IDlIi of May follouin--. Two il:iys 
 nftm'wiirds, Ww. Mpi>i-clionsions of imnu'diati' cvrnt-. of a staitlin;; 
 
 C'liaraclrr inducfd tlic ( miilliM-; <if several neij;lilioriiiL; lown-i. on 
 
 April l.sili, to siMiUMon tlie nimilievs lo meet a'j;ain as soon as po,sil,le. 
 Sni'li of llieni as eoidd lie reached eonvpiicd at Coiieonl on tlii' Iweaty- 
 second, and adjonrned lo Waleitown on llie same day. tUi' olijeel liein;,' 
 to lii-inj; llio exeenlive and l.M_dslalive body of llie province as near as 
 possible lo the i^aliierin;,' iiiililary forces. The snnininns from the eoui- 
 niillee was uiado more elleclive, if not antieipateil. by th(^ alarmin;,' crisis 
 l)roiiu:hl on by the all'air of the nincteiMilli. 
 
 In the intiT\al. tlic following' circular lelter had been addrcssdl by the 
 Connnitleo of Safety to the several towns. Ui'fori' these letters coiiltl 
 reach those to whom they were sent, tlie object they were desiiined to 
 sec'Mre had been to some <'Xlenl reali/.ed by the gatlicrin,;JC of excited 
 masses of people from ipiile a largo circle of ti'rritory, Cambridi^e, Me.l- 
 ford and lioxbiiry being tlio chief centres of the coneoilrse. 
 
 •' April 20, 187o. 
 "Gknti.KMF.n: — The barharons Murders on cur innoci^nt Hrethrcn on 
 Wednesday, the iiinetcenth Instant, has made it aliseliitely necessary thai we 
 innncliau'ly raise an Army to defend our Wives an,l urn- Chil.lren fneu llic 
 lo 
 
110 
 
 fllllONKI.l'. '>l" 'l'"l- -IJ'"'!"' 
 
 butelieriiig Iliimls of im inliiimiin .Soliliury, who, incoiipcd at llio Olislni'lps 
 tlu'V nu't "villi in tlirir l.lo.uiy lVo.trros>, an.l .■niMireil :it b^.i.,- n'pnUM from 
 tin- rii'l<l .>!■ Slaii-lilrr, will, xvilliuiil Ih.t l.':.-l .Inul.l, takr iIh' lir-t Opportiini'v 
 in tlK'ii- r.mcr to ravMg.. ll.is .luvnt..,! Cnnntry xvilli I'ir,' an.l Swonl. Wo c ,.n- 
 jni'L. vou, tho-doiv, by all that is li.ar, by all tliat is sa.av.l, that yon -ivo 
 all Assistanco jio^^lbb: in lonninfr an Anny. Our all is at Slalvo ; D.'alb and 
 Devastation aro llu' r, rtain Cms.nn.auvs ol' D.lay: ovory Moment is 
 inlinitely pivrious; an Ibm,- l...t may .l.l.,-o your fnoutry in lilo.ul, an.l 
 •■ntail porpitnal Slavciy upon tbo IVw of yunr I'o^toi-ity who may survive tho 
 (•arnage. \V,. beg and .•ntreat as yon will answer it to your Country, to your 
 .,Nvn (" ns,.ienee.s, and alM.ve all, a- yon will answer to (lod Imnsjlf, that you 
 will hasten and eueourage by all possible Means the Inli.-lment of Men 
 to form llie Army, and send them forward to Head-Quarters, at Cand.ridg... 
 wiih ll.at Kxpedili whi.h the vaM Impnrtanee an.l in-tant I'rgeney of the 
 
 ^^"^'''■''""'^""'^- ^-.K.SKIMl WAKKKN, IW.IdaU P. T.- 
 
 s 
 
 On the twenly->i\th of llie month Ilie eummiltee addressed a second 
 cirenlar In the other New Knolan.l pn.vinees, asking thai all the soldiers 
 they eoidd spare niii:ht be sent with provisions, aunnur.itioii and oMieers, 
 and. if po>sible. artillery, to C'and.ridgo, as our own men, so hurriedly 
 assendiled. uouid many (jf llieui need, lemporarily to return lo their 
 homes. 
 
 CdMMF.NCKMKNr OV ■VUK SIKCK dl' lidSTON. 
 
 A Ibitisli ollieer writing from Hoston to a friend in Englaml, soon 
 after Ills return from the affair at t'onc'ord and Lexington, gives us this 
 preeiso date for the opening of tho siege : "About seven o'clock in the 
 evening ue arriveil at Charlestown, and look posses^ion of !i hill that 
 coininandeil the town. The rebels shut up the Xeck. and placed sen- 
 tinels there, and took prisoner one oflieer of the filth Regiment, so 
 that in the eonr>e of two days we were reduced to the disagi'ceablr, 
 necessity of living on salt provisions, and fairly lilocked up in Boston." 
 Of similar purport is llie disclosure in a long, confidential lidter, 
 wrillen from l?oslon. under flu' pledge of secrecy, by (Jen. nurgoyne to 
 his friend Lord lioehforl. «hirb, by a singular coincidence, is first 
 
 brought to light in tlic publieatio ' the General's private papers this 
 
 year, a century after it w:is written : — 
 
cuKONicrj: of tiik sii.i.r.. 
 
 Ill 
 
 " I nrrivccl ill llo>fc)ii, fiiiri'lliiM- witli ('nnnn-ai- IIou-o ;,iiil Cliiiinn, oH (lift 
 
 tWrllly-IJflll nf Miy. It Woulll l)(! lllinci'CSSHry. Wrvr [I piK-illl.', 1.1 rl,.-ri-il„- 
 
 mil- >iir|ii-isi', or cilhin- liM'ling<, iipcili llii' il|i|M'.-ii;inci.> wliirli ;il <.im", iiml nil 
 cvc'iT siilr, wiTi! ciD'cri'd to ni r oh-i'rviiliiiii. 'I'll.' lowii, mi 111" luml -i.li', iii- 
 vcslcd by :i nilililp in iii-ni-. win, llii^lifil with tiiicciiss ami insolciu'i-, hail 
 ailvaiircd tln'ir si'iiti-ii's to iiisl.il-slint <i'' iiiir imt-giiariN : llic '^liiii- in tin; Iiar- 
 Ijcir i'\|)o.i-(l to, and i'\|ii'c'tiii;r. :i rannoiiado or biiiiiljiirdiinnt ; in all fom- 
 jiaiiii'-;, wlii'tlicr of oIVhm'TS or inhal)ilaiii~, iniai still b.-l in a sort of 
 .stiiiii'faclioii, wliii'Ii the i'\riii-i of the iiiiiclccnlli of April had occasioned, and 
 venting expressions of censure, .aiigin- or de-pondeiiey. The iirineipie of 
 si'i/iiig arms, and thereby briii'_'iiig the di'^igns of ihe maleonfenls to a test 
 and a lie. a, ion, was cerlainly jnsi. \Vo can only woii.ler that it was not 
 soon. a" a.loi»(e.l.'' 
 
 The siege may properly lie ilisliiiLrnisheil info Iwo stages, the niic I'.il- 
 l.iuinu' lliL' allair at L.'\iiigi.>n ami r.iii.'or.l, the otiier <'ii>iiing up. in tin; 
 liallle a! Hunker's Hill. 'I'll., hitler, of ciiiise, in its sirielnes^. its |ii()- 
 iraclion. the critical cvenis whi.'li il involve. 1, an.l in the triumph of tlio 
 palriolic cause willi which il chisel, was far more inlercsling ami 
 inoiiienoMis, liiil the earlier slagc of the siege, —covcrim^' two months of 
 tlio eleven of tlio iiivcslincnl nf the town, — preseiiteil many exciting 
 iuciilciits ami issues. In the first .stage the I'lrilish forces on the siiiglo 
 liciiiiisiila o!' l!.>--loii. iiiuler Gen. (iage, wen- in ihircss ; .■ificru.ariK those 
 who had I'orlilled the lieights uf C'liarlcslowii, iin.lcr .'omniand of ( icii, 
 lloive. were also ladcagiienal. 
 
 Kvcii liefore the allair .at Coiieoril and Lexington the iiihaliifanls of 
 Hosloii were virtually iiiider mo>t nl' Ihe disabililies ami silll'erings of an 
 iiiveslc.l town. I'lie civil power was in siibjeclion to the military, 
 liosloii w.as a g.arrisoii, Large lio.iies of sohliers were ipiarlcteil in its 
 forts, on its open liehls. and in its public ami jirivatc liiiihlings. 'I'lio 
 trades ami occupations of peace were sii^peinled or fellere.l. Tlio 
 people were expose. 1 I.) in-^iills ami alarm-, lo iimli-, riots ami c.>ii- 
 (lagralioiis from an niibridleil ami mocking soldiery, even Ihe olileers 
 soincliines being far from blameless. There was much of iMilrid ami in- 
 CeclioMs disease in the barraclis and hospil.als, T'he low. a- p.arl of tie 
 (.'oinnioii uas appiopi iati'.l for a liiii iai-grouiid for .soldiers, »liodicil in 
 hiieh iiiiiiilicr> as lo be liiliarcl in tieiiches. 'I'hcre «a.s a eoii.-,taiil ru>li 
 
112 
 
 CUUitXlCLE OF THE SIEGK. 
 
 of iloscrti-rs. cither singly or in coinpiiny, into tlic oiicn touiitiy. bv 
 boiits, l>y swininiini;-, t)i' over tlii> Nodi. Tlio Mppc-ariinfM! ol" Uir-sc in tlio 
 coiintiv liiwns I. ricn caused Mnni'Minei' or enlll:^l■|■;ls^nlent. Tliey nnt:lit 
 be spies, tliev uii-ilit lie pi-olliiiales, bnt lliey [iRilesscil to lie (lisi;n>le(l 
 with tlie sei\ice. ;inil were ready to worU in the inland towns, often snp- 
 plyinn- the jilaees of men who had gone to the provincial camp. The 
 loss and disalleetion and demoralization vi>ili'd upon the lii'itish army by 
 the number and fie(iucuey of these dcserli(jus caused the enniinander to 
 impose a most rigid surveillance ..vcr his men. with cciuslant roll-calls, 
 and to inlfnt the sevei'i'sl [lenallirs (.f the la>h and death upnn cadprits. 
 
 lie had in the previous season most strongly fortilied the lines at the 
 XecU, with bricU works, with ditches and strong wicUcls. A nio.-l pii~- 
 itivo and threatening pnitest IVnm the .-eleclmen alone iircvcnlcd the 
 openiim I'f a tremli to lel in tide-ualcis across t!u' caUM'uay. 
 
 'iiii: I'udi; IN isdsfd.N. 
 
 From the closing of the port in the previous ,Iune the inhabitanU had 
 been subjected t(j a series of iuconveniiiices and inlliclions steadily 
 accumi.laling and iuteusifyiug. 'I'lie giaupais sympathy of ilie (jllur 
 towns in this province, and of fcllnw-|ialriols all oxer the conliucnt. 
 imluding Montreal, was sending a steady stream of doiuitions for the 
 relief of the poor in Boston. But these for the most (lart reached tin; 
 town by costly land-travel, .as the water ways were clos.'d. A com- 
 mittee Ibr distrilailiug Ihesi' gills dispensed them for a time, cvcepl to 
 the sick, on condition of the perfurmauc<> of some work for the liublic. 
 I'rovisi.ms becanu' srarcr. and wi're lieltl at an enormous cost, so that 
 ihos,- who liiid been uoni to enjoy variety and abundance (pf nu'als and 
 veuetables, an. I milk and fresh llsh and fuel, were even iu fear of famine. 
 'I'he cows were denied their usual ]iaslurage on llu^ Conuuon and other 
 lields. Sentinels gnar<led every way of access to tlio town or exit from 
 it. 
 
 (il'.NKKAI. lillKidVNl-; n\ •|'|lf. SITIA'I'K iN. 
 
 The conliilonlial letter from Bnrgoyne to Lord Hochfort, previously 
 i|iioled, gri'a!!v si rciiLilhcns the cvidcuci' whicli we had before, that the 
 two encountcis v hicli llu- Britisli Iroojis had had in April and .Inne witli 
 
 r 
 
ciii:o.viri.i; or Tin; sikci: 
 
 i:; 
 
 / 
 
 " llio iiroviiiciMl I'mIiIiIi.'" IjmcI ixivcri tlii'iii :i soiiiouliat iijurc^ nilri|ii;[|c 
 ^(■iisc oi' tlic >piril mill (.■oiiriigo nf IIh- |.i'(i[i1c whom they liul niilr;i;;-c(l. 
 AI'liT iiifoi-iiiiiiir liis l()rilslii|i. dt' ulial lie im dniilit, In'lirv.'il. Ilml iho 
 provincials at CliarlcslDuii li.'ul tn-lilr ilic liircc of the lliiii-h. — llii^ 
 ti-illh lii'iiij; llial tlic Jii'itisli. iiiilcpcinlriitly of llifir wai-vcods, actually 
 (iiilniiiiibcrcil the |ii'()viii(Mals. — lie |irocccils to apin'ovc the iiiaUiiiti the 
 utmost for pn|iiilai- ell'ec-t ot" the allcLieil llrilish vietoiy on I'liiiikei' Hill, 
 lint he most .siLliiilicaiitlv ailds: — 
 
 "It may 1)0 wi-e pcjlii'y to supjiorl tlii~ iiiiprc-;-i.m to llie iitmo-t. Ij.itli in 
 writing and iliseoiiixe ; Imt wlieii I witlidiaw the •■iii'lMin, your lord-hip will 
 tiiul much cause I'oi' present retleetion, inueli for the exc>reise of you.' jiid;;r- 
 ment upon the future conduct of thi' scene. Turn your eyes lirst. my lonl, 
 to the lieliavior of the enemy. Tlie delence was \vell-eoiieci\ eil .■iinl oli-ti- 
 nately maiiilaiued ; the retreat was no llijj;lu ; it was even covered with luavery 
 and military skill, and lu'oeeedi'd no farther tli.m to the next hill, where a, 
 new post: was taken, new iiitreneliiiieiits instantly be^^iiii, ami their mimliers 
 alVording constant reliefs of worknuMi, they lia\e Ikmmi continue. 1 d.iy and 
 night over since. View now, my lor^l. the side of victory; and lirst llie list 
 of killi'd and wcmn.led. If fairly given, it amimnts to no less than ninety-two 
 ollic(U's, many of them an irri'parahle loss — a melancholy disproportion to 
 the nnmlier of thi> private soldiers — and there is .a inelaiichcdy rea-ou for it. 
 Though my lottcr pas-es in sciau-ity, I tremldc while I write it; and let it 
 not pass even in a whisper fn'in yipiir lordslii]i to more than om: person [the 
 king]. The /.I'al and hitrepidily of the ollieers, whicli was without ex- 
 ception exemplary, was ill-s<>eniided liy the private men. Discipline, not t<i 
 say courage, was wanting, lii the critical moment of carrying tlie reiloiibt, 
 the ollieers of some corps weiv: almost aloiii'; and what was the wor-t part 
 ot' the confusion of these Ciir])s, all the wounds of the ollieers were not 
 reeei\cd fnuii the miemv.'' 
 
 This very rcinarkalde ilisclosmi. will le-ing to the mind of the reader 
 
 the eoiilrast, to some exleul. ofwiiat wasexperien Ion the provincial 
 
 side, Hlicre it was Ilioiii;lil at the lime that — of course, alhnviiig lor 
 vi'ry marked execplioiis — !lu' iiieii e\liil>iled more pruwc-s lliaii I he 
 ollieers. 
 
 .V leascm why. inilc|ieuilcully of what has just been iplolod. liuiiioyiic 
 
Ill 
 
 C lIKOMri.i; OF TlIK SII'.CK. 
 
 limy liiivi' " trcnilik'd " ivliili' lio wtdIo tliis k'tlcr, is roiiiid in ll!i> ImIIhw- 
 inn cTiti<'ism iipim his supoiinr dlliccr: — 
 
 '• I lliiiik (li'iioral dagi! imsscsscd iil l'Vcit rinality to maintain c|nii't govcrn- 
 niriit Willi liiiiior 1(1 liinisi'jl' and liaiipincss lo tli(F>e liu jjnvorns; liis Icnipi'l' 
 and Ids talunls, of wliicli 111' lia< luaiiv. arc lalculatcd tii dispcnst' the citlU'rs 
 of Jiisllci' and liiiiiianity. In the iiiililarv I iKdicvc liini lapaliU' (if (ijrnrinj; 
 iilicn (U'dinaiy and given lines of (■(indiiil ; Iml his mind has imt icsinirct'S liir 
 gloat and sudden and hardy exfrliims which spring S(dr-siigge.-teil in 
 cxtracirdiiiary cliaiaet(?rs, and generally nverliear all (ippii>iti(in. In short, I 
 thiiil% him a emilr.ist tci thai cast dl'ineii. -umewhcre descrihcil — 
 
 " * Kit tu (lUturb llii- pt'aci'of nil till- worlil, 
 Anil nilf it when 'tU wiUK-ct.' 
 
 " rnfdrtiinately liir its that cast of charaelcr. at least the latter part (if it, is 
 precisely what we want here: and 1 leipe 1 shall net ho thdilght tii disiiarage 
 my (leneral and my friend, in priiiKiiinciiiir him iineipial tn his situation, when 
 1 add that I think it one in wh'ch t'iesar might have failed." 
 
 IM KiiCdIliMO lilCTWr.lA' TOWN AMI ((H.Sll.'V. 
 
 'I'd all the inlliclicu- visited iipun llie iiihaliilanls (if the liUMi was 
 sfidii added the risk lo which they were siilijeetcd from any violent or 
 warlike acts or (leinoiislraliinis from the patriots gathering armiiid the 
 invented peninsula, who niiuiil feid piumiiled lo measillcs rniiioiis alike 
 to friend and foe. 
 
 The relation was for a while a strange and |iei plexing one lielwi^en Ihe 
 p.',rties who had not as y\ irrexocalily (hdineil Ihe issues and chosen 
 sides. 'Ihe forms of pe.aeeful and respeetful ollicial i.itereonise were 
 kept ii|i, willi a eoiiseioiis sense of Iheir hollowness and iiisineerily. In 
 spite of the ell'orts of restraiiil lliere was none the less a eonslaiit e(nn- 
 iiiiinicalioii lietweeii the touii and eiiiin'.ry. 'I'liei'c (vas a comini; and a 
 giiing, sometimes o|ieiily, sometimes liirliv(dy ; various pretences se- 
 cured lilierty, and money linmghl inivileges then and there, as (dsewhere 
 aii(l always. Indeed, even ill the laler aiel the longer .stage of the siege 
 everytliing that oeeiirred in touii or coiinlry, in either camp, was speedily 
 known 1(1 the other parly. Deserters, -pies, and those who contrived 
 to evade all guards, and lo siiiliioniit all ditliiaillies. got out of the town, 
 
t 
 
5v 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 !u5 
 
 Z4 
 
 
 
 
 <; 
 

 -t 
 
 ' »■■< , can 
 
 "J 
 
 . C'^f-*' 
 
 ^^m: 
 
 
 Cw' 
 
 
 
 
 i ttsa 
 
 wig;- 
 
( IlKONIfl.K OF TlIK SIKCi;. 
 
 11. 
 
 1111.1 ii-u.'ilh ui'iil lo ;_Mvc iiiinnii.'itioii at lic.'Hl-i|M;irlrr-. 'I'nic. Ilii^ was 
 mil alwiivs In lie rcli.'il on. W'ilil niinors. silly lali-s, ini-,(;liicvi>iH iii- 
 vciilidiK. ruliririilioii.i iind cXML^'i^cnilioMs. lauulif a pracliscil caiiliciii. A 
 Mr. Mcllicaiil. of Watci'towii, an dllircr on hall'-|iay in tlu' niyal service 
 in I'.nsldii. was saiil to liave IVi'i|nciilly ri'ceivcil inroniialion IVoni one 
 
 faniji. \i\ means of his wile, wlio |ia>si'il llie lines ; ami I lie (' mil tee of 
 
 Sal'elv. aetinj; on lliis ease, were imlneeil lo proviile as eireetnally as 
 liossilile aLTaiiisI such Inlereoiir^e. We miisl remenilier llial lliewiile 
 expanse of the water ami llie marsh laml llieii siirroiimliie^ lln' |ieiiiiisnla 
 reiiuiri.'d niiicli prowes:^ of ii rowi'r or a swiinincr in passing over it. 
 
 COVKNANl' liKTWKKN (IKN I'.HAI. GAliK .\NI) Till; 1MI.\ l!l lA NTS. 
 
 Verv soon al'ler llie all'air al I>e\iii'.;lon, llie wlii'j. or paliiolie inhalii- 
 taiiN ol' llosloii, riMli/.in'.; their anxielies ami ilaiiu'ers, applied lo (ir[\. 
 Ca'ie for liberty lo leave il. M lirsl he positively rel'tiseil. , The ease 
 was tin eniliarrassini; one. ainl. a^ he saw. had two sides lo it. For two 
 reasons lie would i.ladly have been rid ol' Iheiii ; a-, lirsl, Ihey iiiiLclit 
 keep np iiiteivonrsi'. exehanj^e siLi'iials. and ;4ive inrorniatioii lo lho-.e 
 outside, and even aid Iheiii ill ea--e Ihey made an assault ; ami, seeond, 
 he woiiM lie relieved ol' an eleineiil of disalVeelion near his -oldiers. anil 
 of llie prolialile iieeessiiv of [irovidiiei the eil izeiis w illi find :iml the in(>aiis 
 of siislenanei'. Cn llie other hand, il >va< to lie eoiisjilcred that, if the 
 
 palriolie citizens were allowed lo ^o oni, willi arm-, money ami l; Is. 
 
 tliev would slroiii;ly reinforee and eneonraire llie rebels onlsidi', while 
 their i'oiilinned presence in the town was some seeiirily for inli-rnal 
 (|iiiel, and against an assault. The latter eonsiderations had sway with 
 Gage. 
 
 'I'lie selectmen were called upon to ineot the crisis, as it was under- 
 stood that the f'.overnor meant to require of the citizens a surrender of 
 their arms. A lowii-iiieeting was held at I'',iiieuil Hall, on S.-itiuday, 
 April "J-, at which the eilizeus objected to give ii|i their arms, without 
 pledije Iroin the (iovenior of security for their lives nml properly, •ind 
 libertv to leave the town. A eoniniiltee chosen al once to wait upon him 
 and arrange matters was detained by him so long that the meeting was 
 adjourned to the next day, Sunday, lo hear the ri-sult of llie eouference. 
 
IH) 
 
 ciiKoMci.i; or TiiK siKi.i:. 
 
 'riif soli'tim iliiv iiiiil (icciisinii iiiiiilc ii sdlciiin nicclini:. wliidi wiis opened 
 «illi iHMViT. liv Dr. Anclri'w Kliot. The Iloii. .hiiiies limvilnin iiresided 
 .■ilid. MN CliMilHiMli ol' llie icimiiitlee In rc.iirer with llie ( Mivellici', I'e- 
 pmleil in siili>l;im'e : — 
 
 "TlKit tliceeiumitlec' liail re|in — iile.l I., llie (e.vvnier (lie iiiKM-ine." r.ftlie 
 inli;il)il;iiils iil llie :i\eliur> ,,1' llie lewii liein^r >ImiI uji, ;iiiil le. |ier-nii lehiiilleil 
 to ednie ill 111- <:(' I'Ul, ;uiil llie |e;ii> am! nppreheiisidiis lliey \Mre miller uilh 
 ropeet 1(1 llii' liehaviiir 111' the troiips in ea^e ol' an •■itlaek tVniii the ecmiitry, 
 I'le. To whieli His KM'elleney replied, that he eoiilil not lie aiisweralile for 
 the edinhiel of the troops, iiiile-s he hail aliMiliite a--iir:iiiei' of llir ]ieaeeahl(! 
 (lisiio>itioii of the iiihahitaiils, and that none would lie so satisfaelory as lliu 
 surrender of their arms: that n|ion doiii;; this they should have liherty to 
 remove' out of town, irii/i t/nir iffirls, and lia\e earria^'es to as-ist lliosi? that 
 went liy land; and he woidd de-ire llie Admiral [Sain'l Creaves, who had 
 sneeeeihMl Adnnral Moiitajru on lliis station] to assist with his lioals those 
 who -liould remove' liy water." 
 
 He also promised In make provision that the pour sliouhl not >iiHer. 
 After .some disciisNion iil the meetini;-, the inhaliilants, partially re- 
 lieved, voted to eomply willi the proposal. They pnnelilioiisly kept 
 their a,L!reemei\l, .surreiideriiiij their arms, to be de|iosiled in l''aii:Miil 
 llidl or elsewhere, under the eare of the sideetmeii. 'I'he names of tlifl 
 (nvners were severally attaehed to them, and it was covenanted that they 
 should lie relnrned at a proper time. 
 
 In the journal of the Conimiltee ol" Safety, at C'ainbfid^'e, Ajiril 2M, 
 177."i, is the following- entry : "Mr. Henderson Inelies, who lid't liosloii 
 this dav. attended, and informed the eoniinillee that the inhaliilants of 
 ISoston had agreeil witli the Ciemaal to have liberty to leave lioston with 
 their elfeels, provided that they lodij;i'd their arms with the select men of 
 that town, to lie by them Uc|it durin>f the pfcsent dispute, and that, 
 aiiree.alilv lo said aurcemeiit. the inhabitants had. on yesterday, lodged 
 1,778 lire-arms. i;;ll pistols. ',i7;i bayonets, and :i.s blniidcrbnsses. with 
 their selectmen." 
 
 r.iil when Ihc ou ners of the arm- afler tiie evacuation sought tliem, they 
 were foniid t<i lie hopelessly daniai;ed and worthless. The I,<iyalists, or 
 '• (iovcrnmeiit Men," in the toun. were chagrined at this covenant with 
 rebels, and said that (^a^e liad yielded loo much, and that some arms 
 
 1 
 
1 
 
 ( iii;o\i(i,i-. or iiii; siKtii:. 
 
 !!■ 
 
 liM(| iM-rri (■(.iiccMlcd. A vvXu\ M'iMvli »:is riiM.lc lor <.viTvlliiii'.' in Hi" 
 
 »lill|ll' (if il WCMllOll. 
 
 •|'hr iulmliilMiil-, liiiviii;^- iiicl t!ir Iriiiix nl' ilicir Mirivciiii'iil. Irn-li'il 
 
 llllll th' CwMlllnr Ul.ul.l rilllil lli-. lull U. IV l|is:lll|"Hlllr.| Mll.j inilMlnl 
 l)V Ml'.l^.'l|m'Ml COIliiirHJIH. 'I'llCV llllll nll|l|JOMMl lli;it llirV WliIlM lit,' live 
 
 II. \:\>' Willi tlii'iii "" Hiiir inoiriiMi- iiriipn-lii iil llu'ir plni^iiiv, «i!h 
 Cilrililii's (iT liiii'l and uiiliT cuiiM'n aiicc, as p|niiii-ril. I'.iil tin; (iiiv- 
 
 ir ■ Ml unci- iipiiuiiili'il 11 new (.IIIcit. imicUt IIio lilK' el' 'rnwii ^Miijor, 
 
 wilhipiil :i li:i-s IVoiii wl 1 111' fdlliiiilr iiiiy one Id Icavi' llif town. 
 
 (iniit clilliniltirs \M'IV llunuii ill llir uiiy ol' (ililiiillill^ tlifsc ims-fH. 
 Siinic iiiiiilicaiil- wiiitfil days and wccKs lor llii'iii ; lliryunv liiaiilnl 
 siiasiiiodically, sUi-iu'iidcMl for day- and uci'Us, and llaai iv-nnird. 
 Some obtained llu'in liy Inilir.s. Mime llimn^li lory friend-.. 'I'lini a.iiain 
 V('rv .-litilil a>>islaii(v «a- allord.d ly IVcc boals. as tlir Admiral would 
 not co-DiicraU'. All |ia"a:^r li\ i-arriaafs ovcrllio NecU was inlerdii'li'ii, 
 mid the airi'd, inlirni and sii'k wnv .ui''"i' ■'""'"rei'^*- I'-m H"' HK'an.'.sl, 
 evasion ol' llii' covnianl li'iadc by llic (io\rriior, and uliiili liroH;:iil Ills 
 lioiior under a floiid, relic'ved only liy tliu plea that lie liad the advice of 
 his toiuisellors and some lory lawyers, for the cunstrnelion of the term, 
 was as to the meaniii- of the word . f/i./.i. 'I'lie lawyers >aid it ineliided 
 oiilv. •■ fiirnitiiie, <'lollies, plate and money." The inhahitants in-i>ted 
 that it eovereil ••provisions, merehandisi', and all workilii; tools." .V 
 eoiiiniillee w.as appointed to renioii>lrale with the (iovernor, hiit he lii'ld 
 li\ tlie aihiee "iveii him. ami the exiles — passiii.e- m, inspection hy 
 a|)pointcd ollieer-- — had to h'.ivc their iinoils liehilid them, or win 
 favors hv hrihci-y. 'I'lie-e ins|icclors were tyr.-iiimiiis and ahiisi\i' in 
 tln^irollice. 'I'hree places of e\il wi'ie provided and ri'jidly watched: 
 the NocU, Charh'stowii Ferry and l.oii^' Wharf. Here men and women 
 were searched, their Imndlos opened, food taken from them, and tlicy 
 and their en'ecls kept, out for nights in the streets till permitti'd to go. 
 Not onlv merchandise and provisions, hut oven iiiedieine. came under 
 prohihition for removal, and an inteiisi' feeling of hostility, with 
 !l\o wretchedness, <jf despair, wiav excited in many persons who would 
 li'ive inclined to hi' moderate, and in the distressed nionibors of .sepa- 
 
 aled families, aged and infirm parents, hiishands, wives and children. 
 
 The warmest partisans of the royal cause in tlic town were charged. 
 
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118 
 
 ciiiioNH i.i'; i>i' riii; sii:(;i:. 
 
 IHcilialplv willi ;;<iiiil ri'iison, wilh iii.liiciiiL; Cm. (l;ii;c,' to lirciik llic spirit 
 iimi cvc'ii llic li'llii- of his :i:^rrciiii'Ml. 'I'lu' li>rics ilciiiiiiiicccl tin; 
 sirriiiijiciiicnt, liv wliiili iill «hc> witc in syiiipnlliy willi tin' rclu'ls Diilsiilc. 
 were mHowciI Id jnili llicin, !is im|iolilii' auA of pcriiicioiis Iciidriii'V. 
 'I'lirir (li'|i;irliii(' wcmlil iciiiovc one of llii' I'liicl' scciiiilii's iiLtMiiist 
 
 ilK'i'iiiliiirisiii Mil. I lioiiiliMiil 111. (Ml till' (l;iy of Iill' Imllli' Ml ]jfxiii'_'- 
 
 tim somi' two huiiilii'il ol' llirsc lorii's, ihii'lly irouii-olll<'i:ils iinil 
 truilcrs, liiul sent ill thoir iiMiiic-- to llir (ii'iicr:il voliintcciiii;^' lo iiiiii in 
 
 liis xTvio'. Till' (Icm'i-.'il ;:l:i.lly :H'cr|p|cil ll llVr, ;iii.l llif voliinliTi-s 
 
 wciv ill onct; cnroUril i\ui\vi liiiiimlii'i' <ifnci:il Iiiii.'i.'l''~. ii i nir.v 
 
 toiy. A panic rose in lliis corps on llii> ^..loini; out of the inliiiMliUits, 
 mill ul'icr sliMiply ri'nioii>lr:iliiiu "illi iIh' (o'licral llicy llircalnie.l to lay 
 ilowii tlii'ir arms ami oven lo <,'o onl lliciiisrlvrs. 'I'lie (icncral, al'lcr 
 Iciiipori/.iiiL', yiclili-il to tlicir rcinonstranci's, ami canic to tlic iiorsnasion 
 llial cvni till' pri'si'in-c of "oiiirii ainl rlrlilrrn in llic louti mi'^lil !"■ a 
 sc'iiiiilv to ii. llciui' llic restrictions [iiil upon llii' earryin;.' out of lln' 
 
 terms of hi., oui vciiaiit. anil the linal refusal of passes. 
 
 The Col iuec of Safely al ( aniliriihc in a letter lo llii> Seleelineii 
 
 of liosloii, ilalv.l .\pril :.'•.'. anlicipaliiej; the conlrael uilli (lace, hail 
 ap|irovcil it in llie^c wonls; — 
 
 
 " (iF.NTI.KMKN ; — 'llic ( cininitloe "I Sali'ty being inlormeil that (!cn. (lajje 
 li!i.s priipiiseil a treaty willi the iiihaliilaiils of the town nf lio-lnii, whenOiy he 
 fitipilhites that tile WMin, 11 anil chiiilreii, wilh all their elVeets, shall have safe 
 eoniliut wilhonl the ;.'ariisiiii ; ami their men also, upon eomlitioii that the 
 male iiihabilanis williiii tlie town shall, mi their part, solemnly eii^rajre that 
 they »ill not l.ike lip arms apiiiisl the Kln<;'s Ironps, within ihe town, shoiihl 
 an allaek lie maile from witlnml, — we eaiiiiot but esteem those eomlitions to 
 bi! just ami reasonable ; iinil a.s the inliabilaiits are in (lanfror of sulTering from 
 the want of provisions, which, in this time of ;,'eneral confusion, cannot be 
 ciinveyeil into Ihe town, we are willin;^ you shall enter into ami lailhfiilly 
 keep the ell^ae;emellt !lf >ie menlioniil. etc." 
 
 or course llierrovineial Coiijrressrcmoiislrateil aiiainsl the rmliarrass- 
 
 meiils put upon the removal of tin' | pic, ami against the llnal breach 
 
 of his ciiM'iiaiil by llic < icncral. 
 
 CharlcsiovMi. thoicjh, till llic balllc ol .Inni' ITlli, nominally free from 
 
iiiioNici.K OI- Tin: siK(;|-.. 
 
 II!) 
 
 iiiililiny cdiiln.!. n:is still iiiuii.Mi.'it.'ly <.v,ni«c.l bv llio Biilisli mikI 
 Ihrir -.hi|i<. II «:i-- ■^nMlually liicniniii.i;- .I.mtIimI liy ils pc.n.lc. siiv.' I>y 
 ii r,.w «lii, lii.'.l In i.n.lc.t tJK'ir pn.iicily. Il- V<»nvv iiiliMhitaiils uvio 
 picviilcl Inr- ill llu' <-(,ii:i'lT |n«iis. I II 1\ .il 1, ii:iUly , 1 . M .. -»w (.r Iho 
 pi.oplc of linstcii liii.l l.wii Iniiisfciniig ■tdi-ils Mii.l VMliial.lcs to tlu^ 
 doonica town, as if for -ivatw s,.,.mity. Tli.' liUiaiy of Dr. MM\m l.a.l 
 li«Mi (loposite.l ll.nv. Of .■niir-... all IhfM" -no.ls „r .■very KiiM «oiv 
 (U'stiiAcd "lien 111.' Uiitish liiv.i the In.vii. As caily as the lii'st w.'cU in 
 May a ■.'iiapl at Charlfslowii Nic-k piwiiitccl tlio ciitniiice of piTsolis or 
 
 )>rovisi()iis willioiit a pass. 
 
 CciicraKia-v srciiis to liavc i-c.L'anU'il hi- .1. iiiaiia for lli.' .Irlivny of 
 •mns as iii.-liMi.i- those of all tia' iiilKiMlaiils. II,' Ihrrdoiv i-,.U'.l on 
 June I'Jtli tlio folio" iii-r prudainatioii :~ 
 
 •• I'.v riii; (ioVj-.uNou. a i'i;i)( i.amaiiov. 
 
 ■'Wh.',a,.^, nMlwilh^tanaiii- IIh' r.'l.oal.',l .\s>iiranr,.s ..f tl„; .S'l.'Hin.i. and 
 olhoi's, Tliat all tlio Iiiliahitaiits ..fth,' T-uii of l!,-!,,,, l.a.t, io.»i /'V./,', .le- 
 liv.'i-.'i! tli.'ir rin.-Arnis unto th,' I'.'r...ns appointml to r,'.'.'ivo thnm. though I 
 ha,l Advh'os at tlio samo Time of tin' contrary ; and wlu'roas, I have sin:o ha.l 
 lull IVcof that many ha^c•lH■,.np^rrnllons in this i:,'..p.','t, an,l have sLrn't,.! 
 
 great NuuiIk'Is : 
 
 ••/ ]l,i,: thonght lit to is>u,'this I'ro.lamation, to n'^uir-' of all Trr^ons 
 «ho l.avo v.'t I-'h-e-Arms in their pos.s.-ssh.n. innno.liately to surrender them at 
 tl,e Conrt-llouse to su.'h I'ers.ms as shall he autl.ori/.e.l to reeeivn them: 
 and hereby to (h'elare that all I'ersoiis in whose possession any Fiie-Anns 
 may hereailer I,,' fniind, « ill he ih'eme,! Knemies to His Mi,i,.sty's liovernment. 
 
 "Ciscn at ISoslonthe Nimteenth Dayol .Iinie. 177."., i'iie., &e, 
 
 "I'lKjs (-ma:. 
 
 Itv His Kxeelleiiey's fommand 
 
 • TIIO'S 1 l.lt KKU, Sccr'i/. 
 • (;OI) .^ave the KlNd." 
 
120 ( iiiiDNirT.r. t»F Tiir. sir.r.r.. 
 
 'I'lio rDllowiiii; ;il'lfi«nnls iip|«':irc(| ;il its ilatc : — 
 
 •• NO Til ICA Til IN'. 
 
 ■• Al.l. l'cT<"M'( who ;irc ilrsiiMin uf l,-a\ itif: lli.' Tdwn el' ll.i-l.m arc li.T.'hy 
 imIIimI ii|miii Io L'ivi' ill thrir Naiiir- I" tin- Town Major lorlliwilli. 
 " I!y Oi-.l.r of lli^ i;\ri'lIoiir\ |lii. (IcniTal, 
 
 ••.IAM1> IMIQl'lIAltT, 7o"» .l/.y..r. 
 " l!o-|iiN, -.Mtli of .Inly. 177.'.. ■' 
 
 'I'ho I'roNiiirial Coii^iT-.s. al ( iiiicor.l, A|iril I 1. icco._'iii/.iMl llic pni- 
 ,l,.|i(T of llic stop l.y wliioli many ..f liic iiilKil.ilMiils of tlir touii. »li.) 
 had liooii alilo ti. do -o, liail alrcnily U'lt it, nii.l proviilod for lioliiin^' tin- 
 poor to coino out. (»ii April -JO. .losopli Warivn. as Cliainiiaii of tlu' 
 (■oMiiiiilliv of SalVly. a.lilios-.o.l a ic-pociriil l.'ttcr to (oiioral Caili', 
 M-I^iui: liim MS to til." time that uaslo l.r allow. M t.. tli.is.. wli.) wislio.l 
 r.'sppclivi'ly to -.. into ,,r to .■,.iii.. .,iit of l;o~l..ii. aii.l si|._r^r,.s(iii:j: that lio 
 r<Miiov.' th. i.'stn.'tioii l.y "lii.h h.' had limil.d Uw iiuinhor of waL^ns 
 that ini-lil li.' a.liiiitl.il at any ..i..' tiiii.' to ihirly. 'I'll.' niall.-rof ih.. 
 lihcrati..!! of tlw inhahiliinls was r.'f.'iT.'.l l'\ th.' l'ro\ in.'ial Coniir.ss ... 
 
 til,. Co lilt. r Saf.'tv. aii.l ii.'tioii hy th.' .■oininitt..- wa- imiiiiticiitly 
 
 a-li.'.! for on April .'.nih. Tli.' .•.iininitl.'.. ivport,.! on tlir -.■iiii." day, 
 iU'crptiiiii CaLr.'V t.'rnis, an.l a^n-.adni! Hint those who slioiild -o into tho 
 town nii^ht tidi.' "ilh Hiom lln'if .ll'.'.'l -. fv:.-.M)tin.i iiriiis and ainniii- 
 niiion. It was al-o ihoii-htfiilly ord.'r.'d thai th.' m.Miih.'rs r.^mainiii;,' in 
 th.. .•..iiiilry t.AMisof faiiali.s. Ih,. h.^ads of wliirh niiilht hv in Most. in, 
 liivorini; th." myal sid.". sh.mld not h." .ivat.".! with any vi.il.Mi.a. .^r 
 
 iii.li^'iiily. iMirlh.'r iv. [..■riiii"ioii and fariliti.'s w.av ^'rant.'.l to all 
 
 wh.i uish.'.l to ivinain in I!ost..n to Maid out into th." .■oiinlry lor 
 their Mi..v."alil.- iir..p.'rty. .■M-..plin^' nnns and ainiiiiiiiiti..ii. Th.' ..h- 
 stnwti.ins inip..siMl l.y (i.'ii. Cmu'.' cintiniiin- to pivv.nt Hi.- .;;r..ss .if 
 
 th." inhal.ilaiits IV tin toun. Ilio rrovin.-ial Con^liv^s a.ldr."ss.".l ii 
 
 h'ttiT t.) (i."n. Ward, at W.ixlmry, i.. .lo .■v.^iythinir in his po>v..| to 
 M."<"nr." injrivss an.l c-irss t.. all »lio. iin.ha- Hi." .•on.lili.ins. ,h-iiv.l it. 
 On May '.nil. a coiiiiiiill.-." »a- iiisii inli'.l l.i niaU.' '• .-i spirit. 'd apiili- 
 ratioii" to tii'ii. t'a-v. Tli.' i.-iill »as Hi." foll.iwin- I. It.-r, soul to him 
 l.\ 111." ( on;;i.ss, on .\lav l^th : - 
 
( iiKoNK i.i: or Tin; ^^M■;(;l■:. 
 
 121 
 
 " To IHa Kxcdlcnni Oencral (l(i;i<-: — 
 
 .. Siu, — This Ciingress Imvo rcriMvi'il frciiiciit iiiti'lli^r.iic.i tliat llirir 
 hretliroii, llm iiiliabitaiiH i>( the town «( lUuUm, Imvc to coiitiMnl. iii tln-ir 
 rcmiival tlKircCroin, Willi miiiihtdiis di-lays tiinl iMiibriiTassiin'iils <'i)tiir;iry to 
 til.! stipiiliUiim proposed aiid !l^'^•<•d to li.'twi'vii Voiir Kvi'.'llcnrv iiml lli>' 
 sulnctiucn of tliiit. town. 
 
 "We think it onr dniy to riMnnn^inil>' to Vnnr KxciaiiMwy, lh;il, IVoin 
 
 thr pap.Ts minniraliMl to in hy tin' said s.'h'.-tni.'ii, it app.Mi'.'d, that Hi.' 
 
 inhaliilaiits wi'it promised, upon siin-eiidcrin^' thcii- aniis, that thf-y should 
 lie p.TiiiiUed to leave the town, and i-ari-y with them their elTerts. I'he eon- 
 
 dilion \v:i,s iiniiiedialeiy < plied with nn the part ..ftlie iie,.ple ; siliee whieh, 
 
 though a iiiiiiii.er oC day- have elapsed, hut a very small proportion of th« 
 ilihahitaiils have 1 ii allowed to take the henelit of yoiir eoveiiimt . 
 
 ■• We w.iiild not allVonl Voiir ICxeelleney liy lie' most distant in-iniiation that 
 you inteniled to ileeeive and disarm the people hy a cruel net of iicnMidy. A 
 
 rej;ard to vour own eharaeler, as well as tin' fatal i seipieiu'es which will 
 
 necessarily result from the vi.dalion of your solemn treaties, must sii^rgest 
 hUllicient reasons to deter a ■,'entleman of your rank and -tatioii from so 
 ininrions a de-.i;:ii. I'.iil Vour Kxcellency must be sensibh', that a delay of 
 justice is a denial of ii, and I'slreniely op|)res.sivc to the people now held in 
 
 duress. 
 
 ••This ('oii'rres. ihoiiKh not the oricrinal party in the treaty, have lakc'ii 
 eveiv sl.'p in llieir pow.o- to facilitate the measure, and iu the whole of their 
 e.niduel have endeaVMreil |,. evi.lein-e a dispnsition to act upon the principles 
 of hiiuianily and •rood faith, and sliU indnlj^e h.ipes that the eonfnlence of the 
 inhabilanis of Mo-ion, in Vonr Kx.'cllency-s Imnor and failhfnlue.ss, is not mis- 
 placed; and thai, leilwith-landin;,' any ilisa.L'rceable occurrences, n.aturallv 
 resiiltin<r I'roni the confused st;,ti' of the colony, which this Concrress have 
 di.scounteii.inceil and endeavore.l to rectify. Your K.toellency will no longer 
 sutler your treaty with a distres-i'd people, win. on-lit by no means to 
 be alVecti'd Ihendiy, to hi' further violateil." 
 
 Tlu! C'onuuiltee of Safety, on May 17th. passed the followin>,' vote: 
 " Wlipvus Ceiieial fiai;.' lia« not kc;it his agreenifhl with the iuliabilants 
 id' tiie town of l!o-ton, but, nolw illi-.laiiding his -aid agreement, has 
 pri'veiili'd. and even rcl'ii-ed. said inhaliilaiits, with their ell'eels. f-om 
 leiiioving Inlu llie counliy ; llieicfoiv, l,'is,ilr,,l. That it be lecominenued 
 
 to Ibr ('ongle^s that they lescilld llieir l.'-olnii f the :'.ii|li lllliino, 
 
 peiiiiilling llic iiihabilant- of thi- c.d.my to ieinn\ e, with their clU-ct>, 
 
I -.'J 
 
 ( IIIMINK l.i; nr Till: SIKC.K 
 
 liiln llic town (if r.i>-lii|i. wliiili ic'soliiiidii w.'c rMiiinlcd ii|ioii -iiiil .'iiin'i'. 
 Illcllt." .\ccii|ililli;l\ . till' ('ii|ii_Mc>-, nil till' l»rliliilli 111' Ihi' llinlltll. IC- 
 Milvc.j ;i> lulliiw^: "irA./Ml.s. lliis Cdli;;!.-,- iliil.nll lllr lilMl, ,.[ .\|.lil 
 lll~l. |i:l-~ M I'csnhc Inr |MTlllillilli; >lirh illllllliit:llll> 111' till' i-dlollV In ir- 
 iiiiivr iiild Iliisluii. "illi llicir c'lrccl-. riri--:iniis nml Miiiiiuiiiiliiin i'\rc|ili'i|, 
 :i> sliiiiild incline lliriilii, it iiriu;^ in ciili: i'i|lirM<'c' dl' (irii. (line's 
 |iriiiiii>r III till' iiiliM)iit:iiit> nl' r>ii>liiii. tli:it. ii|iiiii i'i"-i;^iiiii<4 tlii'ii' ;iiiiis 
 iiiiil :iiiiiiiiiiiitii>n tlicv >liiiiilil liiivi' libcrlv to I'l'iiinvi' t'l'oiji saiil town with 
 tliiir cUccts; iinil ulii rid.i. liiil !i siiiiiU iiio|i(irliiili nl' llii' >.'iiil iiili:iliit;iiits 
 III' liii^tnli liiiM' liiTii liitlic'itii [ii riiiittiil 111 IcMVr till' tii« II. mill tliiwi' 
 Hilly to luini; tlirir clotliiii^ :iiiii liuiisi'linlij I'liiiiitiiic. Ilii'V lieiiit; I'un- 
 slriiiiii'i! til li'MVi' tlifir iiiuvi^ioiis iiinl ;ill llirir utliir iirrrtn ; tlicirl'int', 
 lii:inli-('(l, ■|'li:it (ii'ii. ^\ iiiil 111' ainl lie lirlcl'V is ilinctril to iilili'l- till! 
 [iuaiils in I'lilnic iint tn ■.nircr nnv iniivisinii-. ui' cHi'i'ts, i'\i'c|itin;i' furni- 
 tniT Mini I'lntliin^. Ill 111' cMirii'il iiitu tin' town nf I'lustnn. mi Iniiir .'is llic 
 
 s;lii| ( ifll. < ill^r '-li:ill Mlll'cr till' |M'l'^iins or I'll'ccts i if 1 111' illll.'ll iit:lllt-. iif 
 saiil tiiwii. i'iinti:ir\ In liis ii|ii;lili'.| faitli. In lu' ii'-lniincil." 
 
 It is ilillli'iilt til I'-tiiiiali'. uilli iiiiirli pri'i'i-iiin. tin' rxiii'l iiuiiiln'i' of 
 till' iiili.-iliitiints of Hii-liin. of Imtli scxr- :iii'l nf .'ill :il:i'-. "Im iriimM'il 
 
 I'lnlll it Umlrr this lil'st rnllilitiiin.'ll 
 
 iillii"iiliri' 
 
 I'li'il hv the liriti^li inlll 
 
 ni;inilii'. As wr sliiill scf, li_\ iiiiil liy. iiiinllici' ii|i|iiiiliinity fur :i firlhrr 
 |iiiitiiiii iif thi' ilislri'ssnl |ir(>pk' tii gn iiiil. Ihniiiih iiiiih'r still hiiiili'i coii- 
 ililiiilis. \\:l- iilfiTiil. I'lillsi'il liy till' inr-s i if rirrllMlst;ili<'(s. 'I'lir i|ll;llilii'il 
 |ii'i\ ili'ijr ntli'i'i'il hy the |i|'ii('l;ini:itiiin in April wms pr:i('lii'ally inipiiirril liy 
 sii iniiiiy I'nili.'iir.-issnii'iiis :inil I'Mpiiri's. llnit llic I'xit, of tlmsi' wliDwisln'il 
 
 In :iv;iil tllr|ll»i'l\l's nf it \\:is Hi'lllily plnll.'lrll-il nil tlirnllL:ll till' niniith iif 
 
 •Innc. 'I'lii' iiltri ii.'iliM' nf i^uiiii^ nr nnniinin^ u:is to niiiny lull a liMhinci' 
 nf Inii'ilships ;iii(l ilisii'i'sscs. I.arLir iiiinilii'rs nf Ihrni, having im ichitivcs 
 in till' (■(iiiiilrv . aiiil im Uinil nf prnlilalih' riiiplnynicnt nr rcsnini'i's, filt 
 Hint Ihry wniilil Iimm' In throw tlicinsi'lvcs on Ihc cliiirlly of towns or 
 iniliviihnils iilri';iil\ lir;i\ily hiirilfiicil. iinil limkiiif; forward to scvt'i-pr 
 ••xilftiniis. I'lii'y niii^t liaM' llnir dwcUiiiiis and their prnperty, «hieh 
 Ilie\ conld not leiiiiiM', tn all the risks nf disaster, niisehief, vinlenee, 
 and nl' waiilnn linls of a niililary neciipaney. 'I'o set a>^ailiHl thesu were 
 the steadily ineiea^iiii; sealeily and exnihilaiil priees of fuel and pro- 
 visions, loss of means of livini; throiiLih trade or lalmr, fearful risks 
 
« IIIJONICI.K <)I' TIIF. SIKfiK. 
 
 123 
 
 
 rnmi iH-til..|.liMl ,li..'MS,.. tlM^ liMlrfiil lOTscncr of :. fu,v;-M luinv. ainl the 
 (•oiistiint poril of ,M-i>;;uilt< from tin- pMliiol-' outside. 
 
 Tli.Mv ttvic siippos.'.l lo liavr h.'fii iilioiil 17,(10(1 iiilKilHlMiiN in lio^toii 
 Hhcii lin-;ililics l.cL'Mii at l-c\iii-loii, iiM.l il wasrslim.-iliM tint lu-ailv or 
 
 (piilc iL'.ooo l,:,.l .^ni lit \>y lli>' •■ml of .Iihh'. More were vrl.as 
 
 aliov.' iiiliiiiale,!. lo uo out in III.' atiluinii. 'I'ii'Mv wen- sevrral .•a-<es in 
 
 «liicli one me iilicr of a family lehMed lo remain n. loolv after Iioiim., 
 
 properlv. sliop or -.lore, wliile tlio oilier niemliers went iiilo llie eoiinlry. 
 ■I'lien the Ion- nioulli- of separation, willi all llie varii'.l eiilamilies ami 
 
 apprehensions, keepinil tl i at a fever heal, aiel with the .■Mivme:,! 
 
 iliirfe'.tv of eonimnnieatiii>; liy letters, whieli were npene,! i>ii l.olli siiles 
 
 of the lines, we're fiirtle r :e.'-ravalioiis ,,f misery. The Ceiieral n- 
 
 pelleil the selei'tmen to niiiaiii in Ihe louii, l.iil they hail seaive anylhiii;; 
 hevoml s.anilary fuiielions, aii.l a |iarlial oversi'.'liL of the p.ior. Town 
 ineetin'.'s of the eiti/.ens of liosloii were liehl in Walerlowii. Keeonls 
 of these ami of the iloiiiLjs of the seli'etmen are piescrveil in the City 
 ChaU's olllee. hill they are .■xeee.liiinly nieai^re. Those of the meetings 
 held .at Walerlowii are hugely occupied with provisions for the oration 
 on ••tlie horrid mass. lere," and with thaiiUs to the orators. The I'ro- 
 viiiei.al (■on;;re-.s did all that was in its power li\ reeonimendalioiis to 
 proviile. in llie eoiintu loun-. for the rei-eiiiion in eaeh of a eerlain 
 niimher of i'\iles who had no private resoiirees. and Used on a weeMy 
 allowance to he paid for llieir s|ip|Mirt by the seleetmiai of siieli towns, 
 or hv their Coinmittees of (.'orrcspoiideiicc. \ spirit i>f imitiial depend- 
 ence and harmoiix. ami .a delermin.alion to coiilinm." resistanci', nu'ctiiijf 
 all its eonsei|iieiiia's. were vei\ much iiuickcneil by these intcrmiiiglilil;S 
 of the people from the town witli llio>e in the country. 
 
 ■■Tin; iiiir.NUs Ml' (;n\ i;i;nmi-.n!'." 
 
 lioston now iK'canie simply what sonic of those left ill it called il. "a 
 (iairison .if the Kin;/." li.'si.l.'s the military, il now had in il — we .■■■in 
 s.-ar.'.'lv sav that it sh.'lt.'ivd and |iroteetcd — a motl.'y. .liseonlaiit .■nid 
 niicomfoilahh' e.)ni;l.mier.'ili.m of p.'oplc. Tlie country louiis hail lia.l 
 at Ihi^ s.-nii.' liiii.' s.'M'ial peis.uis and a few fainili.'.s of wli.im they "ere 
 gla.l to li.' ri.l. 
 
124 
 
 ( IIIK'NK l.K <>1 TIIK .>ir.(.K. 
 
 ■miillS IN I'liWN AM) ColNTIiV. 
 
 Tlic-c «civ llicu .mIUmI Tdii.'s, iillfiwimU I.nv;ili~t>. aiitl Krliii-'co-i. 
 S(.iMc..niicsr i,M.iv.l hard nu'iismv, iiiHl wciv lr.:il...l iiii.luiiM.aiv willi 
 srvriil\. (TMrlly. and m).s,.1iiIc iiijii>li<T: and uw\>r\s sn. as 111.' .■v.'iil 
 pi,,\.M. loi- c lids of pnli.'V. 1m scvrral i.r 111,- .oiiiitn Lmiis «rn' .-..ii- 
 si-icncMis cili/.rns. pnilVs-iuiial imi. or mn, liaiiN, ,.r iiitliM-Mro and lii-h 
 .MK-ial standiiii:, «lh. "riv iiioiv -r N-ss -Ml of MMipalliy "ill. whal llirv 
 n-aidid a> ilu' raslin.— . ImiIimIumcc cr vi..l.'Mc.' ol' tlir -i.inl of Hli.Tly 
 as il «as lli.M n>in-. Tli.-y llion-lil .mu' i^ii.vanns ,.xa-_'.'r.dnl ; d„Ml.t- 
 od if «.• ...mM ,n,M. will, (oral r.litain; IVatr,l oni' l.nid.-ns «.,nld I..! 
 in,Tca>rd lalliirllian liLihl.n.'d ; di-lnisU'd Ih-' Iml-liradcdMcss ,.f -oni.' 
 «l,„ni tlicv l...iU.-d uiM.n as drnia-ognrs ; and, "ill, a lu'^ilalin- "Md ■■un- 
 s.Tvalivc spiiiK lli.'v coMn-.'ll.-d mndfialion and delay. KilluT iVon. 
 ^^onU ki„.u n In liavr dn.l.l.rd IVmn llimi. .m- IVuMi tli.'ii- l".ld.M- <vyo-.\- 
 ,i„„. „,■ IVou, llirif ahscMtv Cnnn \hr p.ipMlar a>s,'nilili.'s. smcIi nicM canui 
 nMdci- sn>|.ioioM, iinil wnv niaiUrd will, dislrnst. 'I'Ih' patiioli*. (-..n.mit- 
 IC..S of 111.' towns lo.,k ihcMi iM l.aMd. w.nt lo .■Naniiiic llin... or siini- 
 ,„„n.d lliwn lo a nin'tin- lo -iv an ar.-oMnI of lliolnsrlvrs by Ininiilialion 
 and avowal> of syn.|.all.y will, 11,.' \<"V^i\:^:- omis.'. S,,im'. ti.ni.Uy .,r 
 honurslly. ma.l.' iL.'ir p.'a,-.'. OIli.Ts, wl.o w..Mld not >i,'ld lli.ir .-oMvir- 
 lioMs. w( !.• Iivnl.d Willi indijiiiily aii.l violcnc'. l.y mobs inv.'sting ll.fir 
 (hv.'lliiigs. l.y ll.r.'als..f la.' and iVallu'is. and by dcslrMCli.iM .>r si'i/.ii-o 
 of IL.'ir pn.ii.'rly. TIi.'m' pr.i.-.'dMrcs .'oiilirin.'d ll..'ni in tli.'ir opinions 
 an.l .'o.i.-x' <•{■ .'.Jiul.K'l. and slilR'n.'d iL.'ir ob^iina.y. Many of tli.'so, 
 brii.|4 ImslU'd ali.-iil and tliival.n.'.l in lli.'.r .iwm Iowms, lia.l alr.'a.ly 
 foMMd a lio.ibU'd r.'f.i-.' il. l!..stoi.. (nl..'r> had ,oi„.' into tin' n.'i-libor- 
 1„mm1 of til.' lYovin.ial .'an.p a. if ..'ally salVr Ih.'iv than al l.onn' anMin- 
 gallR'riiiii niinul.'-liii'ii and nn.l.'r llii' survoillani'.' of t'.jniniitU'.s. 
 
 Willi Ih.' s..fU'ii.'.l spirit of a r.'lr..sp.'Ctive r.'vi.'W of tlios.^ .lays .if 
 li,'!.'.' (.x.'it.'in.'iil. «.> .annot Imt ininnl.' with o.ir |,ily lor s..in.' iii.li- 
 vidiials whow.i.' (M-osoribi'd as I'ncn.i.'s 1.. tli.'ir .'.>nntry, a rcp'ol lor tlio 
 severity, an.l s,,MU'liim's gr..ss injiistic, will, whi.'li they wor.' IroaK'd. 
 A l.n.ad .listi...'li.m is I.) bi'd.awn Im'Iw.'.'Ii Ih.' inl.'i'.'sk'.l parti-^ans of 
 r.ivally .'ii-a-.il in pr...|ilabl.' trail.', or fawning npon th,' r.'..r.'s.'iitativos 
 
(1II!<'M( l.K <>l' llli; Sli;(iK. 
 
 12". 
 
 orp(n^.l■, ill tlic iHHii. Mii.l tlic' piolV^M il m.'ii or |iriv!ilc ciliznis in llic 
 
 r.uiMir; . «1„> w.Tc fuicLMl to alliiiiit.' with tliciii. There wtTU pcac'-loviii',' 
 uikI .'vrrv wiiy Miiuicl.'ss (;.'mI1oiiu'I1 iiii.l lailii's sciitliMvd ovrr tli." 
 
 l.roviMcc. who. on l.cin^' ron-lily wait.Ml npoii hv a sfll-coti-liliilol t i- 
 
 Miittre of "Sons of Lil.cit>." hcfran by simply ol.jcctinu' to, -'nd ''"i' 
 resmlinii, llic cntr.hisinji to whi.'li Ihcy won- siil.ji'>'l''.l. ll" any 
 uttrranc.. or overt ael on the part of sneh persons, indicalinir a la.l< ol' 
 synipa'hy willi llie popular niovnienl, eonhl !"• diar-e,! a-ain~t tlimi, 
 tiiey«vre treated with threat in.li-nity, — (heir names hein<r po-I.Ml as 
 enemies or traitors, th.'ir honses and ■roo<ls ritled, or their d«cllin;.w 
 helonled hy the proeess ealled, -a e.iatin- of llillshoron-h paint." 
 Threats ot' --tar and leiithers " were, however, imJie (Veiinently nttered 
 than eanied ont. A very humilialiii!,' melh..d was enjoined as liie con- 
 dition of full or prohationary pardon for havinii othnded tlie pe..ple. The 
 piMiilen' must fall on his lufes hefore Ins lownsm.^n. and. espres^inii 
 deep eontrilion. implore their ror<,'iveness. 
 
 When tia-e covenante.l for the departure of tlie inhahitants ,,f Boston, 
 he ashe.' that a letter slionld !'.■ writt.Mi hy the seleetmen. to Dr. War- 
 ren, at Walerlown, (h'sirinj: leave for all su.h persons in the eonntry 
 towns, as init-dit wish to do so, to eome unmolested into Boston, with 
 their etfeels. Til.' I'rovineial fon^ress, r.spondiiei to the supposed fair- 
 ness of Ga-e, on April ;!0, as above .stated, -ranfd such permi-ssion, 
 and .stationed ollleers at the Xeek of Boston and Cliarlostown to secure 
 them free entrance. Those wretched fn-itiN-'s little rcali/.ed th.m what 
 th.-y hud yet to endure from their exasperated eountiyinen. as llie odium 
 in which "they were held .vas steadily inteiisitied. and as their doom was 
 c.mllscath.n," humiliation, expatriation and poverty, dflen did many of 
 them, even from their pensioned refu.^e in the niother-cuintry an.i in its 
 wild provinces, send back longinij laments for the fields , f New Kn-land. 
 The severest hingmure which came from the pen of Wa-liiniitou was in 
 .lemmciation of the Tories--" those execral.hM'i"''cides whose counsels 
 
 and aid have deluged their country with bloo.l." I'rotesting against the 
 treatment they had received, they said to tlie Whigs, " You make the 
 air resound with the cry of liberty, but subjc.-t those who dilfer from you 
 to the humble <'.mditioii of slaves, not permitling us to act, or even think, 
 iiceo.ding to the dictates of conscience." The only rei)ly Hn'.V received 
 11» 
 
 4: 
 I 
 
120 
 
 ( iiKoNK i.i; <»K Tin; sir.cii:. 
 
 was, "■['III' iiiajiiritv in a fur ^'i.v.tiiiiu'mI iiiii-l l"'ar nil.', 'riinv i- an 
 iiniiiiMi-.' iiiiiJKri'y for lilMTly. Vnii laUc ymir siOc — I'm' Cailiiir m- Iri- 
 UMipli.'" I'roMi tlir ..iii'iiiii;.' or llio slnijzi;!^ Ilio itohii piumiMM I., al! 
 Tiirii's SL'iMiiity ami i'()iiii"'ii>alinii. 
 
 l.AHV liaNKI.AM). 
 
 Aiiioiij; tlid-r poi-oiw liviiii; in tin' (■(.nnliy. wli.w -\ ni|.atliirs Inl 
 thc'Mitosi'cU till' pri.tc.'lii.ii ofthf Hrili>li (Icncral I'V a\ailiii'i IIh'Mis.'I\cs 
 of l!u' inivilcgos <rnuitf(l by Con^'rcss of rcnicvini; into liosloii. «ai a 
 
 lailv wliiwo caiccr liml mvU I'lcincnts ol'ioinanlir iMlfrv>l a< l» \<\- i>t a 
 
 special rL'f"ri'ncc. in tlii.s coinicclion, to licr individnal rxpriiciifi'. 
 
 Th,' iiiiiM Inciativi' ciuwn (illiw in lioston in tlif Vfais picccHlin^' tin' 
 onllncak ol' sliifc was that ot' the CoUcdoi' of Hi'' C'nsld.nis. I'lion-li 
 the salary atlailicMl to it was but iMOO, llic pi rqnisit.'s .>r it made it 
 very pnilitablf and more desirable tban that nl' ( InM^rnnr ..{■ the pmv- 
 inee. Sliirlev made interest fc.r llie ('(illirtdrsbip. bnl liad to content 
 himself nitli tlie odlee of (unernor, beeanse lie had al the lime a more 
 pouerbil rival. I'lns rival is known by tin; name of Sir ( liarles Mcnry 
 KranUland. <;ranilsoii of a dan^'hter. the yoiin^iest and favorite eliild. of 
 Oliv.'r Cromwell. He was born May 10, ITK!, al Hen-al. wlu're hi- 
 father was r.'sidinL' as Oovernor i>r the Kast India (ompaii,\'s factory. 
 In 1711, in his tweiily-lifth year, he was made ('olle<lor <if licpston. His 
 winning and eiiL'a!.'in!.' inaniUMs. and other personal cinalities, made him a 
 irreat favoritr' in the viee-re'_'al soeii'ly of the town, and lie wa- :i L'cner- 
 ons patron of Kin-'s Chapel and its roetors, and of Harvard Colletre. 
 He had with him a natural son, a little boy beariiiL,' the name of Henry 
 Cromwell. On an ollicial visit which he maih' to Marbldicad in the 
 year 171-'. hi- attention was drawn to the rustic beanly of a yunej: ^drl 
 of sixleLMi years. A^rnes Snrriage. a dani;hti'r of poor, bnl dcM-cnt 
 parents, who, with bare feet and limbs, was sernbbinir the llo(,r of the 
 inn. lie L'ave her half a crown with which she init;ht l>ny -hoes, I )n a 
 second visit, soon after, seeing her again in the same condition, he qnes- 
 tione.1 her about her shoes. She replied that she had bonght a pair, but 
 kept th.-m ■• to wear to meeting Sundays." S-emiiigly cngacci by her 
 charms an.l the promise of what she might be m.adc to be. l-rankland, by 
 
 .1 
 
( i!i:i>M( i.i; III- iiii; >ii;<,i;. 
 
 ciin ..'Ml ..r lici- liMifiils, li:i<l liiT liiD., Itostiiii. Ilinv, mI lii- iA|.iiim'. 
 
 til ■.•(•(■L'ivi' llif lpi'»t I'lliK'iitiiin fiiji.Nfil 1 y tlic iLiiinl.tiT-i (.fllu- MiiMc.i r;i.v 
 of tlif lime iiii'l \>\<M-i'. Fdiir vi'iiis iiCtrr liis lii>l -\iiht «.r lirr she lu'.;iiin' 
 n liK'mliiT of hix lioiiM'lmM ill !l ii'lalidii "liiili liMil liol llic ~!iiir'li,.M (if 
 lfjj;nl or rolijli""'* nl<''<- To ivlii've tliu sciiikIiiI «( llml nhitiuii wliiili 
 liTCVciitcd this eliiUl of ikivciIv fioiii ciij-isinj: llu- M.ciiil pdMlioii «lu- 
 iiiiglit liiivc Imil as his wife, lie i,iiirli:iMil, in IT.'i".'. ii l;irj^i' ixl.iil ..f 
 
 bind in llir lii«n I'l' lloiikinlnn. lHi'nl\-li\r niiirs (Voni llo>t hIidv lir 
 
 liiiill :inil fniiii^liiMl Mini|iliiMnsl\ ;i spiirion-; ni.'inof-li'in-i-. willi ..ill- ^ 
 Imililinns, jjiinlmi. piirliH iin.l lini. slirnlilicrirs, iin.l ulini' li.' lx.|.t ;i 
 ili./.rn 111- Irti'n'v t-l;ivc-. lli'li' In' niMiiil:iinr.l m li..inili'..ils lu.^piliilil y 
 wliiK' vi^iliim l!.)-l..n 1.1 nllfinl lo lii-< nlllriiil .Inlii's. 'I'lini' wiiv iii:iny 
 li)v;ilisls in llnpliinlim. wlii'iv lan.ls Ini.l Iu'imi pnirliMM'.l :ui.i .-in Kpi-.o- 
 p:il Climrli plMiil.'.l liy li..i.'rf I'ri.'.'. III.' nii.'..nirorHil.li' ivrt..i- ..I' Kiii-'s 
 
 C'liiipi'l. 
 
 Ilavinj; <iri"i>iiin l.i visit l''.ii;^l:iii.l nil l.n^ini-«>, ill IT'.I. lii- r:iiiiily r..ii- 
 nci-liiin.s woul.l n.il n-i'..j;iii/<. A^riu's. «li'i :Miiiiiip:nii.'il him. Ilr »:i- 
 n-suliiin wilh lii-r tfinpoiiiiily iil I.i.'l»>n, wh ii. ms Iu' \mi.s iliivin;.' in ;i 
 i-iiniiiv'i' with imiitliri' hiil\ . lii' «ii-* Imiiril I'm- iii.nv lli:in mh Imiir iiilI.t 
 tin- mills of II iMlliii.,' liiiiUliii^' in tin' i;iTMt r:iitli.|ii:ilvi' «hii-li di'-.. Intel 
 Hint rily on Nov. 1, IT.'i.'i. In tin' li.nr.iis ..f liis .•.itinitioii hf hiiiinili'.l 
 sonii' of liis fiiiills an.l vi.Ts. :iii.| pi-nilciitly n-olvnl if li'^ i-nipcl .Inith 
 to miu'iiil his lifr. \W\iv^ iv^iii.'.l "ilh .mly -rvriv luiiisi-s. ho look 
 A^'iios .'It onr.' to .•■ I'liiii-.h. vvlicii' Hi.' iiiiirii:ii;i' liU' was sojniiiii/f.l 
 bctvv.Tii th.'iii, whi.'h was s..on iiltiT rcpoiiU-.l by llif .iKiphiin of tin' 
 ship, an K|iisfopal rlcrjiv man, as tlii'y wiTO irlnniiii},' to Kn^daii.l. His 
 
 hiMli-l |Viriid> now hi'aitily ircrivi'.l the ii-scii.mI liii>l.,in.l an.l tin' 
 
 li'gal wif.'. Kftinnini; with Iht lo lJo>toii_iii IT.'if.. hi' imii'liasi'd, for a 
 towii-hoiiM', Ihi' sph'iidiil Clarlu' mansion in Car.li'ii Court slivrt, iii'Xt 
 lo (lov. Iliiti'hins.iiiV, still ivtaiiiiiifj; thi' islati' al i:..|ikiiiton. Tlio 
 wiiliT of thi'si! pit^'i's, some twi'iity-livi! yrars a.ixo, vi-iti'.! th.' 'im' 
 I'oniiliy maiioi' whi'ii it win lu'i'iipii'd l>y Ihi' wMow of (on. Ilil.lri'tli, 
 who ilio.l th-'iv ill 1«'''7, ill hi'i- I'ijility-i'itrhlh \iar. .^Iii' sh.nvr.l the 
 vviitcf a chaniiMT to whiili it w.is >.ai.l KiaiiUlaii.! Used to ntiii' on the 
 annivi'isarv of his ifsnii' l'r..ni tin' raillninaUi'. iiml tln'iv, wraiiii^' Ilii' 
 chilhi'S from whieli the marks of the eatastrophe lia.l not hei'ii roiiiovi'.l, 
 
128 
 
 (illMtMCI.K ni' TlfK sii;( K. 
 
 krcp Holcimi I'iisI-cImv Tlir Ikhimc whs (lostroyeil I'V nii iiciiilciitiil firo 
 in 1.h:..s. 
 
 Alli'i- iiiiollici- vi>it to and rrsidcncc in I.islinii, ns ConNiil (ifncT.il. 
 KriinklMnd n-liinicd lo liu-lon in 17(;:l. Ili-< I'uilinj? Im'mIiIi ludk liini 
 iifiiiin to Kn^diind "illi his «il'e nnd llcni y CiDniwcll, hIiimi' lie dii'd nt 
 Bath, in \H'iX. Lady Ajfncs, wilii llio lioy, lii'isi'lf cliildlis--, lann' liacli 
 to Ilopkinton, nlifif llic year* passed quicllv and plcM-MUlly till Hit: 
 f.ic;.'c (if Uiislon. Of ((inisc. all the atlaclnni'Mls of licr later life w't'ie 
 with lliiisc whc CIO sinil lip in tin; ('"'•'i'^oncd tdwii. while her picscncu 
 and inl!n.ii'.'e were nil oUt nco to the itiral stocU r!' IlopUinlcm. 
 
 In answer Id her 'fipii'st that she initiht iniive to IJoston, in order to 
 cinliaiU for Knglaiid, the toniinittee (jf Safely, on Jlay I'l, 1775, " I'pon 
 the ap|ili<"iliun of l.a^ly KranUland, Vnlnl, that she have lilierly to pass 
 into liostoii wilh '.he follow in;i iroods and artieles for her voyaj;i', viz. : 
 (', trunk.; 1 ehesi ; ,'! beds and lie(hlin^'; il wethers; L' pi^'s ; I small kef; 
 of pickled tonjiiies ; some bay ; 3 bags of corn ; and sneh otiier goods as 
 she tliinks ]iro|ier." 
 
 The following: permit was i;ranted : — 
 
 " 7'ti llii: Cdloni/ (liiiiril: — 
 
 •' IVrmit Laily rrankliincl. of Ilopkinton, with her altindanis, jroods, anil 
 the provisions uliove nionlioned, to pass to Iin>ton, by express ordiT of the 
 Committoe of Safety. 
 
 "BENJAMIN' CIIUUCII, Jit., Chairman. 
 
 " lIi;Aii-Qi:.\Kir.i!S, May I's 177,i." 
 
 Notwithstanding this I'lliiial aetion, an armed parly in the town of 
 Ilopkinton, or on the way to IJoston, under the lead of Mr. Aimer 
 t'raft, resisted the lady's rnnioval. The matter coming before the 
 I'lovineial Congress, on May l«th, a .'Oinmittee was appointed to impiire 
 into the facts of the case. On the report of this conimilli'i' the t'ongress 
 •• Jlmt'ihxd, that Mr. Abner Craft be, and hereby is, direele(l forthwill. 
 to attend this Congress." Afli'r he had attendeil, made exphin.atioii and 
 withdrawn, it was fnrtlier •• Jivsulcnl, that he sbonid be gently ad- 
 monished by the presidint, and be assured that the Congress were 
 delormined to preserve their dignity and power over the military." 
 
 ■^ 
 
rlll.'oVK 1.1, ol' TIIK sIiaiK. 
 
 I J! I 
 
 " Hvmiliiil, 'I'liiil I.M'ly l'i:iiikl:iiMl lie pc^i iiiill.'il !.);;•> iiiln 1!<>>Ii>m with 
 till' ('(.llowiii'^' iiiiidr-i, vi/.: ■..■M'li liiiiilx. Mil IIh- Ih'iN iiml riiniiliiii' \» 
 
 llu'lll. nil lllc lll'M-i mill Cliltl'». M li:l-lil'l "f '■IlifUrll-* !lll'l il '''''n' "I" ''"I"' 
 l\\n ll!MTcU MIl.l M h.'IMI|irl', tW.ihursrH Mll'l UK. rlliliM'S. Mli'l :i'J till' lllli<l>'.H 
 ill tllC rluii-r. IMM'lltilljr llilllS !IImI Mlllli iliuli: Hill' pIlMC'ton, sOIIlt! 
 
 toii^iifs. iiiiiiis .■iml vcai. •..ii.liy Hliiall Iniiicllr^. Wliii'lj aitii'lcs, liMviii',' 
 liccii cxniiiiiinl h.V M i'(.iiiliur .• rrniii llii- Coii'^nvs,, -In' is iH'iiiiilh'il t>. 
 Iiiivi' lliciii ciiiriiMl ill. «■ :ii.' 1 :iiiy rmllifi- cMiiiiiiiMliiiii." 
 
 On Ihr Ml'Xl ll:i\-. ( >ll. linNil willl 11 ^IIMIll ipf -^ix lllfll. W;i-i ll|l|lciillU'.l 
 
 to csiM.it ll V l;i ly -lilu liiTi'tli'cIs t.i I'.o-loii, -.li.nviiii.' Ii' < ii-li.Tiil 'I'lioiiiu-', 
 lit till liilf*. 11 n)|jv Ol' till' irsi lives. 
 
 Sill' tixik rel'iijic l('m|i.iiiirily ;il Iht lioii^e mi ( ImIiIiii-i'ihiiI sin'el, Iroiu 
 wliicli slipwitiiesscil Sdim dl'tlie linnms nl'lln' IJnlllciil Cliarlrsln^ n iiii.l 
 llic C.iiill.i'^lMliiili. She '.'MM- lic-r sciviecs to tin- liili-iiiir nl" s.iiiH- 
 of till' wollllili'il. Slio llVllilnl liclseir df 111.' lilsl o|)|in|lllllily lo siiij 
 Willi Ili'iin Cnuiiwi'll Cor Kii-l;iiiil. wiieir. :l llie :i.;i- "I" 5", slit-' <lie'i, in 
 IT.s:;. M \cMr Ml'lir ^lir li;iil Inline. I a ^I'.ninl ii!:irii,'iL;i'. 
 
 "* 
 
 I!I;N.!VMIN ni.lMl'-DN. ((IIM' IMMIOKI). 
 
 .\ii.illi.T iiiilivi.liuil, wlii.wii-. .lesliii.'.l to iilt.'iiii a w.ii-l.l-wJlc I'liim' as ii 
 pliilaiillii-oiiist aii'l a man ol' >.i.'iie.'. appeals in a tryiiii; ami soiii.'wiial 
 I'lpiivocal position, aiii.iiii.' Iliose v\lio at this time t'oiiiid n'l'ii'^i' in lio~toii. 
 Horn as tli.' son of a lariiwr in Woliiirn. in 17J3, sliinvin^^ IVoiii his 
 oaiiii'st y.iiilli soiiio of lli.' .[.lalilics of ^.■iiiiis, lU'iijaiiiiii riioTupsoii, 
 while teiu'liiiifi si'ho./i in C.me.inl, N. II.. lia.I niMrrie.l a ri.'ii wiil.nv. 
 hail lis.ii in his s.icial r.'lations, ami r.'.'.'iv.'.l. just li.'for.' tin' opeiiiiii: of 
 hoslilili. s, a military eoinmissioii from the royal ^i.ivt'nior of New Ilaiiip- 
 shire. Ik' had eoiiie under .siispi.'ioii at C.ineor.l lor lory proi'livili.'s. 
 aii.l li.'ini,' ill tr.'at.'.l iml tlireaten.'.l there had -oie.'!!' nfiiLre in his 
 unlive plaeo at Wolmrii. Mass. Here li.' Iia.l li.'eii eoiilin. ■!. and, after 
 a pulilic examination, tin' Coainiitti'.' of ('.irr.'s|ioii.l.'iiee of that town 
 had neither aeipiitleil nor eoinh'tinied him. i le tli.'iefor.' appi'al.'d t'. the 
 Committee of Safety for ;> full and fair trial, and an lu.iioralih' .lis- 
 charge, alleging that his p.'rsoiial saf.'ly and r.'iiiitati.ni .I.'|»'ii.l.'il upon a 
 thorongh and impartial investigation of '.h;.' .•haiges against hini. Tlu! 
 
130 
 
 nnioxui.r. oi- tiik sn-.(;K. 
 
 onlv r...T.-nili,M, <,f Lis cnso on tho rrcor.ls of tl,r rrovin.'iMl Congress, 
 
 is UM.I.T .li.lo or Mi.y 20 : " Th." V'tition of \Wnpm\n Tl.o.ni.son to tlio 
 
 C'ominilt.'o of Suf.'lv was rc.'.a. :n,.i unlviv,! to sul.si.l..." 
 
 ■n„. vnuim ,um. liM-cml ,nvlnl.. nU.nt Cmnbri,!-.' :..k1 Charlrstown. 
 
 ,,„1 ,..kea .M»..«vssfMll.v for :. cMm.niissiou an.l .i,ii.lovn...Mt ii. th.- .•uniy 
 
 lliat was fonninur. IIo ,li,l -ood service in liolpin- to rcnnovo tl,.' Hilary 
 
 ,,„, apparatus nf tl... mlloi:... At la.t. ..liMOTin,.! anU irritatr.l. l.o «i'nt 
 
 o,r to Nowp...!. frnn. wlm-l. l.o fonu.l passa-c to Boston. Th.r.. Im- so 
 
 in-M'atialr,l l.in>s..lf with tl,.' royalists, that, at th.' ..vacnation. 1,0 was 
 
 s..,,tl.v(o„. ll'-v-wilh.l-pal.hrs for I.onI doot-o fimnain-. nndor 
 
 Hl„„„'h,' l..'.^,M,. s,.r,ela,-y in the ,U.,mrtn,.„t for tl,.' Anior,...,, war. 
 Tl,..>o oount,v t, . i,.s lbM,„l in nnston son,.. lVllow.snlH.r...-s more or loss 
 
 oons..ionti.,us than ,1,- ,„s..lv..<. a„.l oith-.r by s,.llisl. int.'n.st or tl,o tmvo 
 of associations lirn, a.lho.vnts „f ,1„. n.yal si.lo. Th.'so wore suol, .,t 
 „,,,,„„„,iii,.,.sasl,a,lar,.,.,,t.Mltl„. ..Ill.'O on alM>ointmont ,.r con.n.an.i 
 .,,■„„. Uinu in ..,.nt,av..„Ii..n..f tl,o lV..vin.v Cha.tor ; orown ..llio.als. 
 .,,,,1 ,Hoir ,,a>lisan<, wit), thoir fan,ili..s, inl..,rslo,l in tl.orovonno an.l ,n 
 s„,,,,lvin" tho arn,v ; a IVw n,..„-l,an.s an.l tra.U.s. an.l a o.,tori.. ..f suoh 
 .,s f„l'l..u..,l tho fashions „f ,1,.. tin„.s. Sn.'!, us thos... will, a l.'w t,n„.l 
 
 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ,v,,,s ,,f tho p,r"i-- —••'-'''■ "I- ""I"'"' -'''''■'^' "" 
 
 i„,n,tos ..f tho Harris,,,,, ^^o.n.. of th.. patrimi,. ...nnant lu.pt a wat,'!,- 
 ,-„l ,.vo on what was transpirin- ur.,,.,,.! ll,.'-„. a„.l „pon th,. plans ol 11,.. 
 „,„„■„. „„lui,hi:r..at ri>U o,m,nn,„i.at..,l valnahlo infor,„at,on U, iho 
 
 I lirijihl y.aith. or a boUl man. woul.l 
 
 hosiojiors onlsi.le. Oooasionally a 
 
 worli his way fioni th.' town to tho patriot camp. 
 
 |-|l!l'. IN IWISTON. 
 1„ the .nhlst .,f all .ho ,li,otul t,ials att,.mling tho l..avin^ Koston by 
 
 so,nanvofitsp..oplo ..„r,v,l .ho ,.al ity of a .lisast.ms oonilapa- 
 
 ,i„„, .„; W..,l„o.lay. .1,.. 17th ,.'• May. A pa.-.y of soUlics w..,-o l..ml. 
 ,.„„ ,,,„,i,,.os in a >...,o us..,lasaba,Taokontl,oso„ths„lo.,rthe 
 ,„;„.U...U.wh.. .,vs„n,oa,.,.;.h.n..ho..a,-.,hl.osi,nit,.a.<o„„„h,v,.. 
 U,..sto,v. Tho llan,..~ ~l-a.l raphUy.ill s,„„o thirty wa,vh..„s,.s ami 
 ,,,,Ulinusworo .U.st,■,,yo,l.in^,,l^i,,. n,,,..h valaablo p,-..p,.,'.y.iM..lo.hn. 
 
 son>o of tho ,|.,mUions that ha.l b..o„ s..nt ... tl,o p.,or ... l!.,ston. 1,0,0 
 
 .. 
 
(I 
 
 llMiMCI.K oi" 'I'l'i' >ii:(.i'.. 
 
 1:M 
 
 i„.,,.,-.oofU,..soiau.,-s.wl,o,U,ln,>, 1 1 „,„.,. .l,>m. :n„l...l 
 
 ,n..nv.nN t,. -Mil in th.. ai.l .f thociU.-n-. InM.M.l ..f nn.inu ll,. Lolls 
 ... „.„.l „„ MM ul:n„,. ,1... s„Mi..,~ l...:U n„. n.ll-all. Tl.n. « :. a 
 f„„lW, n.n.or .lK,l tiic Wuius in Hi,, tnuu iKi.l Mt .1,,. In... 
 
 . 
 
 lii 
 
 ill! 
 
 CAIiK ri'l! A riVII. (;il\ T.ltN.MKN T- 
 (!o,u.ral Oaue >v.s now no l.-n.-r .lu. Cov.rnn, „f M,..u-lu,.e,t, so 
 r„. .,. nnv m.o^niz..a antlH.ritv ov..,- it^ 1-opl" "- i-n^.vu.^l Hw 
 
 ..„n,M,.na:. ovUt. .n,l ,n ,.,„:,.io„. u-,,. lin,il,..l „■ .1,-. n-H.' P-uM.sMla 
 
 of Boston. Tho l-mvinn.l Con.n.ss. ., W.U-.own. in M.n . .v^.h-. . 
 „,.t bv his .rMtnu'v n.nrs,.. 1,. Und .lisqn.lillcl hin>s..lf to >.rv.. tl.. ..nl- 
 
 .,„v,~'(:ov,.n>o,-.o,inunyotl„.r...|.:M.l,v;.h:,t> lu.,U..M<.,. w:.s ,1,,.. to 
 
 ,,i,;, .„. l,is i„o,.h,n,:.lions. :n„l .h:,t U- .houM he rr<^.uM us :.n nnnnt,,- 
 , ,„„1 i„v..t..rMl.. nu.n>v to ,b,. ..ountvv. Tl„-.v ,v,.oMnn..M.Ir,l Ih.. towns 
 ,1 ,listm-ts to dK.os,> l!..,,n.M.nt:itiv... tor . (i.nrral A--.H,l.ly at W a- 
 ter own. .miv n>. o,,..nol a s„l,s-nptiou to, a loan to 1,.. ,.onnni..,..l to a 
 
 Troasn..... or tUci,. own. who ai~|.la....a th. Kind's, at.l appoint.a May 
 11 for a tlav of rastinji ana prayi'i'. 
 
 ■nuM-.. is a si^nili.anc. in th.. worain^ an.l ....ut..nts of tl,.' snecess.ve 
 nr..elan,ath.ns issn.,1 by th.. ITovincial ana ( ■ontin..ntal (•..ng.-..ss..s t.,r 
 .lavs of s.,l..n,n n.liui..ns obs,.,-van-... KaM ana ThanUs^ivin^. n.arkn,^ 
 ,1,;. „,,.,|nal wanin-.,f th.' MnlinH.nl of h.yally. or. at h'ast. ol th.. .-n- 
 nn-ssi.,n ..f it. Th.. n.att,.>. ana ,,lnas...,logy of th.-s.. papofs w,..-.. ..v,- 
 ,,.,„„v Mnai.a with oar... Th,.y w.T.. not pfepaml by .l..>-ynn.n. in.t 
 ,,v la'v ..onuniltc.s. In th.. pro.lan.ation by whi..h th.. Provincial Con- 
 .M...ss" h-.a ■,,,p..o-..a Man.h 1.; f...- a l-'ast .lay. th.. Divino bU.,>in- is 
 i,„,,h.r,..l t.. •• ,.st npon G...n-p. th.. Thinl, <.nr ri..a,tfnl Kin.^^ an.l npon 
 .,,1 ,h.. n.val fanulv." In ih.. prochnnati.m whi.h ai,poi,U..a May 11 to- 
 „,, sanH."sa..r..a obs.Tvan..,.. th.. lact is rcco^ni....! that '■ the New Knt;- 
 ,,„„, ,,.,l.,„i..s a.... n..ln»..l to th.. nn^M.at..fnl alt..rnativ.. .>f a tanu< snbnns- 
 sion to a Stat., of absolnto vassalaj:.> to th.. will of a a,.sp.,ti,. nnn,st..r." 
 .,, of nu.,.tinjl th.. ,lir.. n.c...ssi,y by anns in s,ara..h.n,.... Th.. s..n.itn..nt 
 .,f h,v.aUv bt...atla.s only th.. p.-titi..,!. " that th.. p....ploof Great lir.tam 
 ..„a Ihei.- rulers tnav have their eyes open to aiseern the things that shall 
 
V.V2 
 
 ( lir.DMfM'. OF TlIK SrF.CK. 
 
 niiilic for IHWC'- etc. A-uiii, <in a iviioit cf n coinmitlo.' i.ppoint,'.! (o 
 l.ropm'c a ri'solvc for ii Fast day nii .Ii.ly 1:!. an ainriiiliii.'iit was volc.l 
 for intro(liiciii;_' a petition for a "blessing on tlie Continental Congress." 
 and a prayer for tlic '• nitily of tlio eol.mies." On .Inne >'•-' llie proclama- 
 tion was onee more reeonimitled for an amendment, and -'Sly. Wel.stor 
 and Deaeon Fisher" «vre ad.led to the eommittee. AVliei" the proclama- 
 tion goes forth, llie " crnelly and l.arl>arity " of the two recent assanlts 
 are emphasized, l>nt neither Varliament nor King finds a place in the 
 prayers, lint afler llie appoinlmeni of the da> . its ol,s,.,vance was 
 snpcrseded by a proelamalion in which the Conlin.'ntal Congress had 
 designated .Inly -'(I •• as a day of pnblic hnnnlialion. fasting and prayer" 
 for "the inhabitants of all the Knglish colonies .m the continent." In 
 this a blessing is in\'okcd npon "onr rightful sovereign, KingCeorge 
 the Third," and a reconcilialion is jiraycd lt)r "with the parent State, 
 ,,„ terms conslitntional and hom.rable to both." The varying phraseob 
 ogy of these ilocnments, by which, in good tiine,(iod was asUcil to bless 
 ;ind save ••the I'eople." instcail of ■■the King," was a matter of ..b~crva- 
 ti,m and .■riticism in Kngiand. The circulation of the proclam.ations 
 into all the t.Avn-. fiom the pidpits of the chnrches of which they were 
 read, followe<l by ob.servances in the ass. niblies and the honses, was 
 Olio of the best medinms of sympathy. iiUbienee and cnlidcncr between 
 the tentative g.ivcrnment of the province and the people. That tenta- 
 tive government »as idlowcd .and reeogni/ed, nn.ler the ,'mergcnc\ . till 
 it conhl find conlir.nation and exercise anthority b\ organi.' provisions 
 unci sanctions. 
 
 The following is the reply of advice and instruction given by the Con- 
 tinental Congress ill reply to the call from Massaclm.sett.s, on May lli, 
 for direction in the mailer of civil go-.crnment : — 
 
 i 
 
 '• In CoNoiii'ss, l-'riday, -Imn' ',i, 177.'). 
 " Jle.sobMl, That no obedience iM'ing .Ine to the .Act of Parliament for alter- 
 ing the Charter of the Clony of .Massa.'Imsells Hay, nor to a governor or Lion- 
 tenant-fe.vernor wh.i will not observe the directions .,f, but ..mleavnr to sub- 
 vert that ( harlcr, the Cnveninr and l.iciilmant-tlovernor are to be eonsUlered 
 as absent, and these olliees vacant. .Vnd as Ihere is no Comical ther.^, and the 
 i,K.,mveni..nees arising from tln^ sn~p.n-ion of ihc^ ,,..wer> ot CcvernmcMt are, 
 intoh^rable, espc'cially at a time when (Icii.ual (lag,, lialh actually Icvic.l war. 
 
CHKONK I.K OK TllK SFKCK. 
 
 1:5:5 
 
 
 ami is i-arrvinjr on lin'stililios nnr^ii'isl liis Majpsfy's ppacoaMn and loval sub- 
 jects ol' lliat colony: that In onli'r to conform as near as may be to the spirit 
 and substance of the C'liailcr, it be recommended to the Provincial Congress 
 to writer Letters to the Iniialiitants of the Several I'laees which are entitled la 
 representation in Assemlily, re.iueslinj,' them 'o choose sucli representatives; 
 and lliat the Assembly wlicti chosen slioiilil dec't Coiinsellors, whicli Assem- 
 bly and Council should exereisi! the Powers of tiovernmcnt, until a (iovcrmir 
 of his Majesty's Ai)pointnient will consent to govern Die Colony according to 
 its Charter. 
 
 ' A true copy fri'iu the Minute 
 ' l!v orihr of the Congre^ss, 
 
 •CIIAIU.I'.S rilOMl'SON, Sir'rij. 
 "JdllX IIAXCOCK, /Vvs/'^h/." 
 
 ^ 
 
 A copy of this I'csiilve was sent to the Seleclm, :■ of each of the towns 
 (if the province to ilireet tin' clicice of Kein'i'sentati\ es I'or a Provincial 
 Congress to be cnnvened al Waterlown on duly I'.'. 'I'lie exiled citizens 
 of Boston Were -uniuioncd. by their Town Clcik. to meet at Coiu'oril on 
 ,Iulv l''^. lo clioose llicir represenlalivcs. 
 
 Wlial is ;,uid in the preceding Address concerning the |ieeiiliar 
 characteristics (if the iiirKMal papers, circulars. ap|ieals and otlu'r docu- 
 ments to lie clas^ilicd umler tlu' general ti^nn of •■ Slate jiapers," as all 
 relating to public, interests, and iiassing between n>prcsenlative oi 
 administrative bodies, might be richly ilUislrateil if there were space l.jr 
 it here. The reader of a mass of those paiiers will lie led lo wonder 
 where and how the writers of them attained tlu'ir .skill, felicity, acute- 
 ness. and extraordinary sagacity and discrelion in the composition of 
 thi'iu. We can account for llie sli iking aliilily nianife-led liy dohii 
 Adams. f,.r instance, in this direction, partly by nalive genius and 
 intelleetnal foice, .-ind parlly I'y his diligent study of every woik on law 
 and governmeni on which ln' <'ould lay his hamls. llul Ihe astoni-ling 
 fertilily. aeulcncss and di^criniinidion of his kiu-iuau. Samuel Adams, 
 liallle any easy explaiuitiori. Vet it is noi only in llio^e pa|iers 
 which emanated from the most conspicuous patriots and leadi'rs lliat wo 
 trace the lemarkable ciiaracleiislii-; mure or los cummon and im- 
 pressive in all of them. The pulilicaliou of a large number ol' the local 
 histiiries of the oldia- town-, of .Massaehiisi'lls has set before any one 
 12 
 
i:!l 
 
 CIIIIONK l.i: OK I'lIK SIKI.K. 
 
 iiildotcil 1(1 |.iii>uc till' iiii|iiify :i viihiiiiiiiiMi-i inM>- (pf reports, inslriu'- 
 tiniis. ■nvinn.Mil- luid cMiiii-rl-- ivlalinL:' to tlir icvoliili..ii:in- cikh'Ii, 
 wiilli'M li\- iliili\iilu:ils 1)1- cniiilililtcrs. :i~ ui' IiiMV Mlliiii-t MIV, siiiiplv l>y 
 till' liuht of iiiitiiiL'. ImiI cxliihitiii'/iiiiMliliis of ii'mI. |uililieiil. sliitcsiiKiiiliUc 
 iiliilily. The lr;ui>r<iMli'iil inllucurr \\lii,-li I )i''l'("'iiiic\ illc' .-o lii^'irn- 
 iiiL'lv M"iuii.'.l to Nfvv Kn-laiMl louii-iiicclinjis in iiisiiiiitinir. ^.nrhliiig 
 
 iuiil IciiiliiiL' to M siiccf>.>nil i>sii( I- ^'iv,-il ri'VoliilioiiMry Ntni;_'i!l<'. "ill 
 
 UmiI full i-oiiliriiiMlioii in iiortions ,.f llu' coiitcMls of IIhm' town lii>tori.'s. 
 
 Jt WMs hiiidly stniu-r tluit. Mt tlic liiiic tlir I'.iitish iiiiuistry n\\<\ l':irliii- 
 
 iiiriil slioiild liMvi' Inrii so iiiystilicil iiml ikt|.1>'mi1 I'ytlie iv:il iiatnic and 
 
 lilii'noim'iKi of a lioslon or a New l-'.ii^laiid tow n-iiic.'liii-. 'I'liiy wcic iii- 
 
 diueiioiis im.dnrts. >,.lf-c\oUod nu'thods. dcv,-loi.Micul-- IVoni the soil. 
 
 lial.its and eiivnnislan.rs of llio New Knizland poojile. V.iy in;4fnioiis, 
 
 Ifiit lianllv siic(cs~fnl. ollbrls hnw lii'iai made, liy ar(lia>ol..-iial and aiiti- 
 
 (luanan c-Myi-t-.. to liaiv Minilar and |iarallrl institutions in tlir ilrnioc- 
 
 racicsofanrinil ( ;nTC<'. and in the nnnuri|ialilies of sonio iiortions of the 
 
 Kiii'oiican enntinrnl. I'.nt they uciv snli-taiilially oiij^inal and nnicine 
 
 hriv. Kvcn m ihrotli.r clonics of tho (.•ontinml. as in tlir .loisrys, 
 
 Mi.iUand, Vii-inia and llio C'arolinas. cuiinlifs. and what wci'c called, 
 
 as now. in Loiii-iana. •■ iiarislics." wliicU involved a dillci'cnt innnici|ial 
 
 adiiiini-ti-ation. w<tc fonnd to lie an ciiiliai ras-nicnl in iicrfcclini: 
 
 nicasnic- that weic casil\ ilisi,.,,-cd in the Now Kn-hmd touns. 
 
 The reader innst exercise his own inueniiity in his iiioiali/.in.i;- or sjice- 
 iilatinjr upon the contents of onr Stal.> [lapers. in thai one niaiUed 
 chaiactdistic of them. — theii- avowals ,.f a tiaic loyally to the Kin;i of 
 (iivat Hrilain in spite of a deliance of all his nieasures, and a resistance 
 of all his aecnts. Those papers appro\innite as nearly as was ever yet 
 n.ali/.cd to a fonntain which sent forth at the same plac.^ " liolh sweet 
 waters and liitlcr." (Wn. r.ur.e;oyne, who seems to have occupied some 
 of his literary lei-urc here in rcadinjr sncli papers, wrote of them to Lord 
 N.irth ; •■ It is moic than prol.alile the r.dicls will hi' as niiieli averse to 
 trnst their caiisc to fair di-,iais>i,,ii as to the fair Held. Distant sUinnish. 
 amhnsh. cntr.auhinenl. concealment, are what Ihey depend upon in 
 di'liale as in arm^." 
 
 Had it lieen practicaMc for one or more inemliersof the I'lrilis.. miii- 
 istrv. at the time, to lia\e lic'cn present at a town-ineolin.ii, somewhere in 
 
< IIKONK [.K OK Tin; Sir.l.K. 
 
 135 
 
 tilt' inti'iiiir nl' till' iiroviiicc. in wliii-li tlic iirrMV ami cii-itiiiiirs nf the cili/.cii-i 
 dill iKit L'ivi' tdlii'ii of iiiiirli (li'iiciidi'iici' M|)(iu lirmiilcldtli nv the t'lilor'.s 
 skill. Ill' WDulil pfolialily linvi' I'oiiinl equal aiiiu-iciiiciit ami iiisli-iiclioii in 
 siMilyiii'/ till' sc-i'iu'. .Mi'ii. iMiiiilicm'd and liardfiii'd liy ti'il and i'\|in>un', 
 W(inld have >1io\vm liirn oriLiinal sin'oinicns nC lliu native trainint;, in ni;.'- 
 ijedness (if iiide|ieiidenee in ideas, in natnral vi<;(>r of ininfl, and in the 
 power of eNl)re-si(in and eoni]"i<itioii. ii^iiiu: eerlain iilnTties <!(' tlii'ir (j\vn 
 ill i;raiinnar, |ironiineiation and spellin:,'. And it' any one slionld tldiik 
 it worth his while to di'j;esl all the vohiinimiiis patriotii' papers of those 
 da\s to ha e tlii'ir pilli and marrow c. I' nieaniiej; liel'ore him. he wonld 
 llijil that till' revolt, oC the New I'',nL.daiid enlonies espe<'ialiy. [iroceedi'd 
 upon three wcdl-iimler-tond po-itions, as I'aels: — ■ 
 
 First. That these colonies were mil planted hy the eiilerpii>e. or 
 under the patriinaiic oC, the la-ow n of Kniiland,, unr favored and fostered 
 hv fi>i-ei<:ii sympalhy or aiil in their early straits ; hut wi're ventures ol' a 
 stern and earnest company of self-pxiled men and wdiiieii. at their own 
 private eharui's and ri-k. and •' a' they lieeame what they grew to lie, 
 heeiuise they wa-re not luirsliugs of court and I'arliamenl. 
 
 Sn-oHil. That these colonies tirst drew the interest and sn>pieion of 
 the molliiT-ci'iintry. not from any regarcl to their own welfare, hut that 
 1he\ miglil be sidlUhly turned to her account and aggrandi/.emeiit. so 
 that her inlerfenaiee with them was oppressive and tyrannical. 
 
 'I'liinl. 'I'lial Ihi' royal and |iarlianientary sway over the penph' of these 
 colonies involved the railii'al iui(inity of holding them hy more rigid 
 lianis than were imiKjsed upon their own islamlers to the obligations of 
 Knglishinen, while deiiieil the full rights of Knglishmeii. 
 
 f 
 
 IIAKVAIill idl.l.iaii; AMI i'VMIlKIDid:. 
 
 It i- an iuteroliiig fact that the Cnllege. planted in the wilderness hy 
 till- lii'-l comp.auy of lOnglish colonists in the Hay of Massaehusotts, 
 should have been the scene and the centre of the o.arlii'st warlike oiiera- 
 tions for the defence of the colony, l-'roni hei plain halN. and I'rom the 
 care and training of such iiistrm-turs as the resonna's of the time and 
 place could furnish, had gone forth some of the foremost of the local 
 patriot-, and the jiailmiM of the spirit which w.is rising in tlie laud had 
 
130 
 
 CIIKONKI.K 1)1' TIIK S1K(.1-; 
 
 pinliiptl'il ;ill illi|lli-itoli:ll inVfsliHMlioll into tllr pnlilicill views dl' lirr 
 Hil:irili:iM-i iiii'l inlininislialiirs. Tlir lifsl I'lTOLMiilinii of lln' t'nllfLTc- in 
 till' tMJsis wliic-h hail now opi'iicd :i1(Miiu1 it hsis in ;i petition, by llio 
 jiltiTWMids eminent enjiineer, llien Major. Loamnii lialihvin, adilresseil to 
 tlie I'lcvineial Con^'iT-;, .Inne C. 177.''. ivpn-eiilint; ■• llial (leneial 
 Waril li;el aiipioved of ii pruiiosal for taliini: .-iiivcy-. of tlie erounil 
 lielwern llie eaniii of the Massaolnisett> .'iiniy ami llie posts of llie 
 r>ritisli Irnc.ps. anil reiiuesteil tlie loan <'!' niatlieinatieal insliniiieiits from 
 the appaialiis of Ilarvanl College, to lie il-e.l in the exeeiitioii of this 
 serviee." The Congress ordered thereupon, that the l!i'V. rresident 
 l.aiiiidon he recjiiested to loan siK'h instriinienls for the public 
 
 service. 
 
 Two da\s before the battle in Charlestown. on the report of a coni- 
 niill.e to whom the business had been referred, the following careful 
 pro\isioii wa> maile by tlie t'oiciic-s : ••Whereas, it is expedient that 
 those apartnienls iiillar\aid Hall, under the immeiliale charge of the 
 Professor of riiilosophy and Librarian of Harvard Colh-v, be evacuated. 
 /iV.Ww/, That the library, apparatus, and oilier valuables of Harvard 
 College, be removed as .soon as may be to the Town of .\ndovcr." — a 
 committee being designated "to consiiU with tin' Uev. I'residenl. the 
 lion. Mr. Winthrop [Professor], and the Librarian, i r such of ihem as 
 iiiav be conveniently obtained, and with tlii'in to engage some siiilable 
 person la' (leisons in said town, to transporl. receive, and take the charge 
 of the above-mentioned ellects," — great care being taUen in the paeU- 
 iiig. rcnioxiiig. and s;ife Iransfcr of the arliclcs. the charges to lie borne 
 by the public. It appears, by a n^solve on .Inne 2:}, that there was a 
 delay in I'.arrying out this arrangement. The future Count Riiml'ord, 
 tiieii liinianiiii I'lioiiipson. at the age of twen'y-two, showed his interest 
 in science by volunteering his aid in Ihe removal of the CoUi'go |iro[ierty. 
 A iiuantitvof the province arms was soon ile|iosited in the library hall. 
 The Comniitlee of Safety had voted. .May 1. ••That the i|narlerniasler- 
 general be directed to clear that chamber in Stoiighton College, occnpiea 
 liy S. Parsons. Jr.. for a prinling odice for Messrs. Halls." Samuel and 
 Kbeiie/er Hall, who had been iirinting the •• K-sex Ca/.ctte " in Sa'cm, 
 had iiceii induced to remove their press to Cambridge, and from their 
 ulllce in Stonglitoii Hall, they issued, on the lOlh ot August, the lirst iium- 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
CUllONK'l.i: OF THE SIKGE. 
 
 137 
 
 l.pr of tlio -NiMv Eiif,'l!iiiil Cliroiiidc, or tlie Wocldy Giizfltc." Tin; 
 othfC hulls iif till! Collogo well! soon suiroiulorcd for bMii:irlis timl 
 ollict's. With :ill tho cares prfssiiij^ ii|ioii tin- si''.l'-c(.iislilnliMl (■ivil 
 aiithoiitii'S ol' the tiiim, they did not fail to rocognizo the elaims dC >utli 
 of tho ejected students as were that suiiniier entitled to their aeadetnic 
 degrees; so thev pn.vided I'or callini,' together as many nf the overseers 
 as could 1)0 reached, to bestow them. Some ol' the linenl ami m.lilest 
 private mansions in tho province, with broad acres .aniuud them, were in 
 Cand>ridge, and belonged to those whose sympathies wen- with the royal 
 party. Ilapiiily most of these mansions still stand lo-day, some of them 
 einiched alike by memories of patriotism and by the literary lame 
 and honors of their later occupants. Tor the crisis they served I'or 
 niilitiiry uses, 
 
 Wasliiugtou, on coming to Cambridge, found a temporary home in 
 the dwelling th.Mi appropriated to the I'resident of tho College, which is 
 still in good preservation. The owner of the grandest of the Cambridge 
 <• ■Misions, Major .lohu Va^^sal, being a tory, had sought the protection of 
 the Ikitish (ieiieral, in IJostou. Mis house had been for a short time 
 occupied by Col. Clovei, and also had been appro|iriated to the Com- 
 mittee of .siafely. On the journal of that committee for July N. 177.">, 
 we read the following ; — 
 
 " lVherca.1, it is necessary tliat tho house of Mr. John Vassal, orilered by 
 Congress for the residence of His Kxciaieney Uener.d Washington, should bo 
 inimeiliately put in such condition as may make it convenient for that purpose, 
 therefore, Mi-solvid. that Mr. Timothy .\ustiii lie, and hereby is, empowered and 
 authorized, to jnit sai<l house in projier order for tlie purposes above men- 
 tioned, and thai he proenre such a.-sistanee am! furniture as may bo necessary 
 to put said housi' in proper condition for the reception of His Kxeellcney and 
 his attendants." 
 
 lu his eoidideulial letters to Joseph Heed, Washington cmimuuieatcs 
 his purposes and methods of a generous and impartial hospitality in that 
 mansion, and also some of his embarrassments and diseonditnres in the 
 matter. The journals and letters of many distinguished men and 
 women, which are extant, record that their writers shared tho>e liospi- 
 12* 
 
 t 
 
138 
 
 CllHOMCI.l-; or TIIK SIKCK. 
 
 1alili('>. "illi tliiii- iiiiiin's^ic>ii> iif llic cdUi-tcsy iinil ilifziiity ol' 111'' Im-t 
 iUiil liusluss. 
 
 It \v:i!< !i iili'iisiinl cMiiciili'iicc tliiit Mr. SpMiks, the lii(i;;i-!iplnT i>l' 
 AViisliiii'iteii, iiml ll.i' cdilor "f liis Milmiiinoiis piiiiers, sIkhiUI liiivc iloiit! 
 liuifU of his Wdik i.r iihiHist idul:iln.iis lovf fur tilt' fliicl'. in llic lionsc 
 aiul rodiu wlicic so mimiiv of lluise imi)i'rs wcix- written. 
 
 
 rill'. I'liciviNciAi, KDiiriKic.vnoNs. 
 
 Siinii' sli;ilit intn'iiclinii'nls of llic uiiliuv of IV>rlilinl lini-s, iiicMrnt to 
 till' liist >lciis towanls tlic fnriniition of ii ciiMip. liMil Ikmmi iniuli' hy tlic 
 pruvint'iiils wlicn tlicy liist nilliccl :il ( ^iMiliridgf. I'lion tlic ivtl'c;it fniin 
 till' icddnlit (111 UivimI's Hill. 1111(1 IVoni llio mil tVnco, on .Iiim- ITlli. (ii'ii. 
 riitniim li:nl in viiin iittfinincd to Ikivo a stand niadi' on tlic liiiilicr 
 suinniit ol' linnUcr's Hill. Hnt lliis |ioint, sccniinjily ol" necessity, was 
 yielded to the enemy. (!en. Howe continued upon the i,'ioini<l, which 
 was ininicdiatcly scenred hy stiong works, cotninanding the Neck and 
 the direction of the iiroviiiciid caiii|>. Only thirty or forty years aL'o 
 Iheso works, now wholly oliliterated, were easily to he tiaci'd. and 
 lijokcd fonnidahle in tlicir surtcncd outlines. Houo contiiincd in com- 
 inand of tlie British detachincnt in Charlestowii, till he siicecedcil Cage 
 as coinmander-iu-chief, on the recall of tlio latter in the following 
 Oetol)cr, when Gen. Clinton was sent to Charlestowii. rntiiain. with a 
 corps of volunteers, on the night following the hattle, working with 
 heroic diligence, threw np inticnchniciits upon the high and hcautifnl 
 ruimdi'd suumiil known with cjual appro|nial<Miess by the two names 
 of I'rospect Hill .■iiid .Mount I'isgah. There were two crests to the 
 summit, one of thciii since known as Spring Mill, both of which, before 
 the end of the moiilli, were so strcngtheiu'd as to be regarded tcnalile 
 against an attack, while held by nearly four tliousand men. The 
 forces at Cambridge and Charlcstown wire in full view from this hill. 
 ■Within the last ten years the spade and the pickaxe have been 
 levelling it for tin' uses of thrift and health, principally to till the basin 
 of Miller's river, in Kast Camliridge. Here, too, until (jnite recent 
 years, fosse and rampart had left their traces, and the site was a favor- 
 able one for recalling the scenes of the past. 
 
 \ 
 
U'itli it'.-. CL-iiiiinino 
 
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tiii!<»M» i.r, <>i' Tin: sii:<ii'.. 
 
 !:;'.» 
 
 ,„,„.Uing «o in.t.,.tnm-o.H a s.,.n,l .-„ ,l,is llilU .Lid, .■..nlinm.,n.. 
 l...o,K. of tlu. stnm^ro.l l".inN MnriMj,- tl,. ul.ol,. si..«.., »n,l wln.U wu. 
 ,„„.,,,..,l nt first as in ventur.-s,,,,,,. ,,n,xi>uit,v t„ tl,.. nn.ny in Chntlos- 
 ,„w„. l'ut,KU,.l,n ,»o s,nalU.rhilUlK.lw....n him mm.I UumI.t's 11,1 to 
 ,„,.i. .1... .lis,,„si,i,.n ..f sul«...,-u.Ht ov,.n.s. Tl,... wcv I'lo,,,!,..! 1.1 . 
 s.. ,.„1U.,1 l„..a,.s.. it was tho only o,.. of tl,. ....ij^hLoii,,. m„„„„N wh.'L 
 ,, „,:„ ,i,n.. h..l l.-,> ...l.iviUnl, whi.h has si„™ Iht,, U„..vv„ as Mn„„l 
 ,V,u.,liot,.h..sit....fa Kn.na,, Cathnli.. c...„v ..,.t-s-lio.,l. a„a whhh at--. 
 is m.w hoi..« n.pi.IlV l..'v.'n-.l= ^",.1 C.l.l.U. Hill, >,..w ,■,.■..,■..,! by th.- 
 Applcton wa,.ls a,.,l th. t.ro„„as of ,1... M.I.-, A-l-„. 1 hos. two 
 hills ca,n. in ,h.- s,.aso„, «lu.„ Washington ha,l n,ast..na his .vsonn-.s. 
 to fo,.n ,>a,-t or his ro,1ilU.,tions an.l w.-v i„t,vn.h..,l an.l h.M ,n o,,,.,. 
 .Wla-u,... olMl,.. a,to,,,,,.s ,,,a,h. l,-.h...,,,.-,,y.o uithstan-l the,,- o..,,- 
 
 ,„„,,. ,,v . iHisU l.on,hanl,n.nt hy lan.l and wat.,-. It s,v,ns to hav. 
 
 ,„.„;,•„„,„, of nn..M.l-.."'l "->"'■-" "- """■' """"" '."""'; 
 shonhl not hav.. an.ic-i,al..l ,h. ,n„vin.ials in takin, ,.oss..ss,on of 
 .„„.. of th..s.. s,.,n„.i.s, o,. at Last hav. l...n .va.ly to -l'"-' •■-r 
 at,.,n,,t at th.i,- lo,-.ili..,.i<m l.y th.ir -\.o. Hut al^.r l',-osp..t 11,11 ha'l 
 
 „..„„ s.i/,.<l an,l st,-.ngth.n.<l it wonhl hav. 1 „ .s..o.lin.'ly .hlhcnlt. 
 
 i, ,„„ i„„,ossil,l., lo,- ,h. ll,i.isl, to hav. taken an,l h.hl .ill,.,' non^hcl 
 o,. Col.1,1. Hill. H-i'l-, if tl,.y ha.l h.M Loth of .h.n.. wl,at .no,v or 
 next .onhl tl,.v hav. don.? It re.,ni,-o,l th.ir nin.ost .m„ts to hohl 
 ^,,„. ,„,,„„„, on th.ir two p.nin-nlas. ai,l.,l hy .l,.ii' ^'n-'"-'- ^ '->' 
 U,.Uarlv nnual that the .ost of taking a hill lVo,n ,h,. ,„ovin.,als was 
 v.rv heavv. a,ul as sn.h hills w.,v lavishly scatt.r.a „l.on tl,. .'oa^. an.l 
 cln;tc,.,nn.h..in...'h..Mh.ys..,n to hav. .o„.l„.l..ltl,at th. ,. .■..un- 
 cials w.,'. lik.lv always to hav. th. la,-.r shar. ol th.n,. 
 
 The lines b.tw.on th.opposin;, fo,c..s, within th.ir rosp...tiv. „,t,vn.h- 
 ,„onts. approxin,at.a so ..losoly that th. s.ntri.s .N.l,a„..,l n.ws, hant.r 
 ,„„1 ..o,ni,lin,.nts. a,„l a.s.,-t.,-s fonn.l an .asy fansit. An,o„^' the 
 ,„„„o,-s of the sitnation th. provincials availeU th.,ns.lv.s of the oppo,-- 
 „„u,v to se,ul, on th. win^s of a lavorinj: la..... or hy ,„.».n^..s w„h 
 „,„; l:,r.n. nnn>l,.,s of a satirh-al print,- of whi.l, a la.-sin,il. ,s ^,v.n 
 on^H, ai-inin. l.af, - .ontainin^ an a.M.vss ..f r.n.onstn.n.. to the 
 British sohli.,-s. and a .ont.as. of th. bills of fa,v. th. wa,.s. an.l the 
 lookoa-lor rewa,ds of th. ■vsp.etiv. eo.nbatanls on lh,nk.,-'s and 1 ,os. 
 
no 
 
 fllliOMCI.K OK Tin; SIKCiK. 
 
 pcit Hills. A MiiJill mill, ii IVw liuilM's, xlii'tlM, liiiriis, iiiui trrcs IicIwihmi 
 llie lines I'oniu'd \>v\m's ((Hili'stcil In tin- liitiT stntiivs dl" llic Hlniji'.'li'. 
 
 On llir Miini' ni;rlit follow inn ""' '"'t'''' »' {'lii'ilcslown n l«\v New 
 Iliinilp^liiiT Hoops ofcnpiiil. iMiil iH'fiim to t'ortiCy. tlio lol'Iy nml s»iUinn 
 Mininiil of Uiiiirr Hill, stMmliiijr licliind I'rosiicet Hill. Mml mi.hvay 
 liclwfiM C'lniliridi;!' iind MnH'onl. TndiT (lincnd Kol>oni (lir works 
 
 hcic were so extended :ilid lonnididile l.y llie elo-e of llie ntli. tliiil llie 
 
 hill, next to tli:il in IJoxlmiy to lie soon rel'eiied to, liiciinie the most 
 seeiiie (.f idl the |iro\inei;d det'eines. A skii-lin^r of lneiistworUs run 
 from the mai~h hind^ ne:ir Chiirlestow n Nec'U, :dl the w.iy to the hiinhs 
 of Chmle.s liver in Cnndirid^e, with several redonlits, h:dl-moons, 
 and UKiru sid)staiilial (•urlh-«oiksi on the cleviil<'d spots and exix.sed 
 points alonj; the course. 
 
 The most eritieal point to he scenred nn. defeinled was that «hieh 
 should <;nanl tlie only oiitU't from lioston l>y land, at Koxlmry Ne<k. 
 Here, too, the natnral lea'.nies of the region favored lhi> plaii> of the 
 provincials. Kefore the stand-pipe of the t'oehituate Water Woli.s was 
 erected at the Hijihlands. in lioxlinry, a stroller over the proeipitons and 
 rocky declivities of that eminence would have regarchil it as a n.iturnl 
 fortiricalion. independently of the r.'mains of the works still visilile upon 
 it. These works were constructed under the superintendence of fienerals 
 Thomas and Kietx, and were very stroni;, and shot could he thrown from 
 thini into ]?oston. Breastworks and inlrenchnients on the low lands on 
 both sides, iicros.s the roads, on Sewall's point, on the Meeting-hoiisc 
 hill, and on the road to Dorchester, had lieen besiun, and more or less 
 advanced before the arrival of AVashin-ton. A redonhl hail lieeii hc;iun 
 on the Ten Hills Farn., '.o conunan.l access through the Mystic river. 
 Colonel (iridley and his son, with such scientilic and practical assistance 
 as they could snminon to aid them, gavi> their labor, as engineers, to 
 these works, though with slender helii from jiroper iinlilements. Shot 
 and shell were oeeasionidly thr.iwn from Boston while these works were 
 in progress, but more than an offset to the mischief etfected by them 
 was nnide by ^ome of the Indians an<l lillemeu on the provincial side, 
 rtho picked olf the British sentries. Skirmishes at Boston Neek, shells 
 thrown with some damagi^ into Hoxbnry, and collisions lietween parties 
 at the lines, seemed from the lirst to indicate the relations which were to 
 
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 ^h^'^Jt!^^^^ c^i^^i^vX^-rVPc^ 
 
 i^ 
 
Addrefs to the Soldiers. 
 
 f;i..\Ti.i:Mi,N, 
 
 You arc abdul to embark for Aiiuriid, to Cdniiicl your 
 l'"clK)W SubjCL-ts Ibcrc Id I'ubmit to I'dn.KV and 
 
 Sl.WI'.KV. 
 
 [t is the Cilory of ibc J5ritilli Solilier, that lie is tiie 
 Difiiidcr, not the DiJ'tioycr, of the Civil ami Rcli;,aous 
 Rij;]Us of the I'oople. The Eiit^Hfli Solilicry are iniiiior- 
 tahzed ill Hiftory, for tliuir Attachment to liie reliijion 
 and Liberties of their Country. 
 
 Wiien KinL;' Jamt.s the Second endeavoui'ed to intro- 
 duce tlie Ronian-catholie Religion and arbitrary Power 
 into (iniit Britain, be had an Army tncamiied on lloitii- 
 Jlinv-llcatlt, to terrify the People. Seven Hilhops were 
 feized upon, and fent to the Towi^r. Hut they appealed 
 to the Laws of their Coifntry, and were let at Liberty. 
 When this \ew.s reached the Camp, the Shi'Uls of Joy 
 were fo i;reat, that they re-echoed in the Ro)al Palace. 
 This, however, did not ipiite convince the Kin,!;', of the 
 Averfioii of the Soldiers to be tiie Inftruments nf Op- 
 preffion ai;ainft their Fellow Subjeirts. I le therefore made 
 am i'.ier trial. lie ordered the Guards to be drawn np, 
 and the Word was ijiven, that thofe who did not chufe to 
 fu])port the Kinii's Meafures, fliould i;round their .Arms. 
 When, behold, to his utter confufion, and their eternal 
 Ilonoiw" — the whole ]iody fcn'und their Arms. 
 
 You, gentlemen, will foon have an Opporlimity of 
 (hewing eipial Virtue. You will be called upon to im- 
 brue your llands in the Pilood of your l'"ellow Subjec^ts in 
 America, becaufe the)' will not admit to be Slaves, and 
 are alarmed at the I^ftablilliment of I'ojierv and .Arbitrary 
 Powi'r in Que Half of their Country. 
 
 Whether you will diaw tliofe Swords which have de- 
 fended them againft their ICncmies, to butcher them into 
 a Refiguation of their Rights, which thev bold as the 
 Sons of EiiglilliDitii, is in your ]>reafts. That you will 
 not ftain the Laurels you have gained from Friimv, by 
 dipjiing them in Civil Jilood, is everv good Man's Hope. . 
 
 Arts will no iloubt be ufcd to peii'uade you, that it i.s 
 your Duty to obey Orders ; and that you are fent upon 
 the jult and righteous lurand of cruHiing Rebellion. 
 Jkil your own Ileart.s will tell )-ou, that the People may 
 be fo ill treated, as to make Refiftauce neceffary. You 
 know, that Violence and Injury olfered from one Man to 
 another, has always fonie Pretence of Riglit or Reafon 
 to juftify it. So it is between the People and their 
 Rulers. 
 
 Therefore, whatever haril Names and heavy Accufa- 
 fations may be beftowed upon your P'ellow .SubjeO:ts in 
 Aiitcricd, be affured they have not deferved them ; but 
 are driven, by the nioft cruel 'Preatment, into Defpair. 
 [n this Defpair they are iiiTn|>eIled to defend their Liber- 
 ties, after having tried, m \"ain, every peaceal)le Means 
 of obtaining Redrefs of their manifold Gi-iev.mces. 
 
 In/on- (lOd and ?dan tluy arc ri^^/i/. 
 A'our Honour, then. Gentlemen, as SoKliers, and your 
 Humanity as Men, forbid you to be the Infiinmen'ts of 
 forcing Chains upon your injured and oppreffed Fellow 
 Subjct^ts. Remember that your fnft ol)edience is due 
 to (jod, and that whoever bids \du llicd innocent Hlood, 
 bids \du aiH contrary to his Commandments. 
 I am, (JKNri.KMi'.N, 
 
 your fmCere Well-wilher, 
 
 AX OLD SOLDIER. 
 
 n 
 
fiii;()\i(i.i: (»K TiiK SIKOK. 
 
 Ill 
 
 rcntiinir Ik.Iu.mII llir lM.>i,-0.1 mm,! til.' l.r>i.-cl-> lliroU.j;ll tll<. IflllilhfMrd 
 
 Hill, ulii.-h W.MS iiricnvanN .Icsiuiialrd l.y Wii-hiii-lnii a-; a rrii>I.v.v..ii~ iC 
 tl„. ciinny sliniiM Livak our liii.- a! .^iiy |ioiiit. Mm iii uhaU-l.oats 
 vciT s(j..ii krpl .at watrh hear ihc liiar-lics lo -i\ r intrlliLiciica. of any 
 niovfiiU'Ul ..[■ tin' .■i.(a..\ l.y "al.a-. Tlicn' "as a .-.m-laiit ai.lMvliuii.M.m 
 that all the above work-, ini'ihl lie a-ailr-l .at any li'Mir. 
 
 ^Vashill-t(.ll,ull his arrival, iiniiir.liatrly (livi.h'.l his .atlmtion l.,4\vocn 
 the IR'W oigaiiizalhai ,.r Ihr ra.ik aii.l 111.' ii,v,.-sary l„ iiiiliato the eun- 
 tiiu'iilal ad.iplioii of thr aiMiy. aii.l thr <'xainiiiMl ioii of tli,' loitili,.alioMS. 
 II,. Iniual th...-r works vvisrly ali.l . Ilcctivcly hr-illi. aii.l he ^iK■r\^^,\ thr 
 .striMiirlhcliiiiK Jni.l cxtriKlilii.' of Ihnn. filliii- rvjioM..! |...ii,ls. ami sc(Mir- 
 inir safer oo.iMumiirations bctwcVn lluan. His xautiny was Miarp. an.] 
 the severe ,liMM,,li„e which !..■ at ...lee eslal.li~he.l. lh.a,-h it eau^-ecl some 
 fretfiiliiess anime; a iiorli..ii of those whoso former In'edle-Miess it 
 relmke.l. was very s,„,n yi.'hle.I lo with adle.l secMirity to the eamp. 
 
 It was not to he sii|,i.ose,l that Cm. Iloue on Hunker- Hill wouM be 
 eonteiit witli the narrow limits of his lines in th.' din^etiou of Camlu Lliro 
 and Medford. and s.uui' threatenin;.' movements of his made Washin^don 
 anxious about the two .■mineiiees above relVrrci lo. I'lou-hed Hill and 
 Coblih' Hill, which remained unoe.aii.ied. He i.huni.d a b.,ld enterprise, 
 and otfered a ^-tron- ,uovoeation to Howe. when, on the niuht of Aml'. 
 •20. ho ordered a wiakin- parly of a tliou-an.l men. with a ^'uard of 
 Iw.nty-foin' hnmlred. undm- Ceneral Sullivan, to oeeupy ami intreneh 
 upon I'lou-hed Hill, whieli was directly within eainion rauL'e of r.uidi.'r's 
 Hill, and of !_nin-lioats in the Mystic. Thi' feat wa~ siieee -fully aconi- 
 |,li-.hed with lhel<i>sof but two men. while a -iie^le ten-pounder on the 
 Ten Hills battery sunk one .irundioat in the Mystic and sihneed another. 
 'I'he en.uny seemed lo be pivparinii for an a-sanit on the new works, and 
 an anxious pivparation was made to receive them, scanty as was the 
 iunnuniilion of the provincials, lint it was a thretit <udy. l"or a fort- 
 nieht a desultory liomb.ardment was eoutiuued. but each niclit and day 
 slivu-thened the works, and the eneni.v ■.'av'e over the inetfeetive as-ault 
 upon theiu. 
 
 It was not until the -.'I'd of .\.>vend.er that tlu' ..Iher hill wa- ocrupicl, 
 after there had lieiui a sharp stru^-Lile at I.eehiuere's I'oinl ri-iu- from 
 
142 
 
 CIlItOMCI.K, OF THE SIEfiK. 
 
 llic iiKiislics iicnr it. 'I'lic wurUs hero wim-c niiiili; iiiiilm (Ii'IummIs I'lit- 
 iiMiH :iuil IK'alli. This, wliieli «:is (iiic of Hit' must dtifinij: eiitcrpiisi's in 
 till' wliolr sc'iii's. was act'uiiiplishcjl witlioiit iiiccliiiii tlii' sjiiililfst (i|i|iosi- 
 tion fiiiiii till' I'lii'iu.v. A liMttcry was a few davs aCtcr [ilaiitccl at lli(^ 
 I'liint. anil in tlio scvci'L'st weather dl' Deeeinber, tliis was exteiideil and 
 clleetivelv sli'ennthenod. 'I'lie lirilish vidleiilly contested tlio eoniiiletion 
 of the woi'lis at lliis Point, with water liatteries. It was at the most 
 iU'xions eri-is of .'illaiis in ilie Anieiii'an eam|i. as llie term of I'nlistinents 
 «as fxpiiini;. and new n'ci'nils came in Imt slowly, and there was still an 
 alarming delieiency of powder. The new works approached most closely 
 of any to the tliieUly occupied part of l!o-lon. ,-niil willi proper artillery 
 most dcslrnctive operations mii;ht have been performed from them. 
 From lime to time snch military compliments as the resonrces of the 
 lirovincials allowed tliem to send pa-sed from (■ol)l.le IliU and I.cchmere 
 I'oint into I!o..ton. and from letters written there at the time it seems 
 tliat they caused much consternatiipii. Tln'se works, with tlie strenirth- 
 eiiini: >jf tho>e at Sewall's I'oiiit and Landi's Dam on the' riuht wing 
 of the cam|i, completed Ihe provincial defences. 
 
 I! MI'S ON •rill-: IIAlMiill! ISLANDS. 
 
 There had heeu a skirmish on (:ra|ie Ul.'ind, lyin^' near the Sonlli shorn 
 of the l!ay, on Sunday, ."May •J\. lietwcen a jiarty of the I'lritish who had 
 eone thci-c in sloops to remove some liay. ami a jiarly of countrymen 
 from Weymouth, in which Ihe latter liurnt some eighty tons of hay and a 
 liarn, and took olf the I'attle. On Ihe -.'Tth of tlu' same month, in 
 obedience to an or<ler of the Committee of Safely for the removal of live 
 stock from Ihe islaiMK. a I'arly of provinei'.ds went for the purpose 1o 
 Host and Noddle's Islai; Is. Tlie\ wen' lircd upon I'rom Ihe vessels, and 
 .some marines |iul olf in lioats to prevent Ihe nndertakiuL;'. Of Ihcse, I wo 
 were killed and 'wii were wounded. Tlie provineials succeeded in 
 (Irivinir oM' three or four hunilrcd live s|i,ek, ,-ind. when reinfcU'ced, 
 disabli'd a liriti^li sehooner whieli 'iidiindcd. •-hipped her of Liuns and 
 sails, with clolhinn' and money, and then liiiruid her while under lire 
 I'rom a sloop. l-'our of the pro\ineial> were wounded (Pidy. while of Ihe 
 lirilish inanx were killeil. \\ illiin lln' four following days other raids 
 
rintoN'icr.K of tiik hw.c.k. 
 
 U3 
 
 < 
 
 w.Tc iiiM.l,. l.y til,. proNinciiils ..ii N.M.ll..'-^. IVllii^U's mu.I Doer l>hinds, 
 Rfciiriiig 1mi;;i' luiiiiln-.s of slic.^i), ciitllc an.! horse-, with h:iy. In tlio 
 hisl (.xi.filili.iTi, on Uk; niglit of .Tinif •_>, a liritish l.aigc was caplnir.l 
 with four inisoMiTs. 
 
 On tlic iL'lli of Jnly a party of a linnclrcd and tliirly-.si>c men, under 
 Major (ircatoii, wlio lia.l led tlio exploit at Deur Island, landed from 
 whale-boats on Loie.r Island, where the lirilish had stoned a lari^c 
 quantity of liay for their heirses. Wliile the parly were burning this, 
 with the house and barn-, they were eannonaded from some of the 
 ves-els. one ..f whieh with barges appp.aehed tlie island. The party 
 liarely suc'eeeded iu eseaping with the loss of one man. 
 
 Thouiih the -.'Oth of .Inly was a day appointed for solenni fasting and 
 prayer, and orders had been is>ued for its most, devout observanee, with 
 a pause iVom all needless work, the troops .^..nvji to worship fully armed, 
 the lehiptalion [Heseuted itself to a parly, under .Major Vose, of Heath's 
 Keeiment. starling before daylight, to lan.l from whaU-boats at Xan- 
 tasket I'oint. Here they di-manlled and burned the liglitdiouse, earrying 
 olf tlu' apparatus, and afterwards brought away a large (luaulily of 
 barley and hay. They were fired upon from the vessels, two being 
 wounded. The parly also made a nnd on IN.inI Miirlc.y. Not satisfied 
 with this one successful enterprise of darkening the harbor, it was 
 determined to i)revent the rebuilding of the liglitdiouse on whieli work- 
 men were soon engaged. A party of thiiv hundred men. under Major 
 Tnpper. was ordered thi'ic the last day of the month. «ho elleeled a 
 landing, killed a dozen of the workmen, made prisoners of the rest, and 
 de.stroyed the reconslrueled works. lieing left by the tide they were 
 assaileil b\ a strong force in boats, one of whieh was sunk by a field 
 piece on NanlasUet roinl. willi several of its men. The party got olf 
 with the loss of but one man, having killed and taken fifty-three of the 
 enemy. The Major and his party received the nexl day the siieeial 
 thanks of the Conimander-in-Chief. in general orilers, for their gallantry. 
 The Admiral of the Heel announced the destruetion of the lights iu the 
 liarbor and at Cape Ann. No single act of the provincials caused more 
 chagrin to Ihe enemy than this. When reported in Limdon it was made 
 the Iheme for mo-l biting sarcasm. They were soon to hear of yet moro 
 darinu'and humiliating sueeess of the provincials .m the water, in the 
 
144 
 
 CimOXICI.K Ol' TIIK PIEdK. 
 
 caplMiv of ^toiv-vc^scls hiilcu clown wilh nil Iho iimiiinionts aii.l suiiplifa 
 ol-war. without i..Ln,n on their .Uvks. On Sr,,t. ".'T Iwo ImMdivd mumi, 
 immUt MMJor Tui.lHT. Imii.I.mI frun. wliMl.-l.onts on (iovcrnor's Islmul, 
 b.in.f.l a SMK.U vi'sscl .•rM.ly for hmiK'liini;. ■■nul liro.igl.t olV cattlo and 
 lioraos with lull iiii|iiniily. 
 
 I„ ,,,„n.-lio.i«ilh thcs.. hold v.'Mtinvs .,f tho i-rovincials, to swuro 
 th.'ir own pnlpcrly on tho linrhor ishmds, it is anu.sin- to iva,l tho socrot 
 ,lisolosn.-os wl.ioh 15111-ovMo nu.lo at tho tii.u^ in a piivato letlor to Lord 
 r;oo.-o (;o,-,nai,K.. dato.l HnsioM. An-. -"0, ITTr,. Ilo wmto ahont, 
 Graves : — 
 
 "Itmav ho asked in Ki.-huul, wlmt is Iho A.lmiral .h.intr? 
 
 •■ I wish I were al)lo to answer that iinestion satislaelorily ; hat I ean only 
 say what he is iinl dnin;^. 
 
 " That lie is w,t snpplvinj: ns with sh.op and oxen, the dinners of tho best 
 of ns hear mea^^re testimony ; tho slate of our hospitals hoars a more melan- 
 
 choly one. 
 
 o'llo is noi defendin;: his own Ihu-ks and herds; for the enemy have 
 
 repeatedly plundered his own islands. 
 
 Olio is „ot defendinLT the otle^r islands in tho harbor; lor the en.auy, in 
 
 force, landed from a -r,.,! nnnd.r ofhoat.-, and burned tho light-house at 
 
 noonda.N (haviu- first killed and t;d<on tho party of marim'S whioh was ,,osted 
 
 there) almost under th.^ "-nns of two or tlnve mon-of-war. 
 
 •• He is »„Manplo\in- his ships to keep u), .•onmmnieation and intelligeneo 
 
 with the kings servants and friends at the dilbavnt parts of the e,.ntinent; f..r 
 
 I do not believe (lenoral Cage has roecav,.,! a letter from any eorrospondent 
 
 out of l'.ost(jn these six weeks. 
 
 .. Ho is intent upon greater ..bjeets, yon will think, supporting in tho gre:a 
 points tho dignitvof the Hritish Hag, -and where a nund.or of boats have 
 been built for tho en.'my, priv;.toers lilted out. pri/.es .•arried in, tho kmg's 
 armed vessels sunk, th.^ erews made prisoners, Iho ollleers killed,-ho .9 
 doubtless onforeing instant re-titntion and reparation t-y the voiee of his 
 e;mm,n. and laving tho towns in ashes thai refuse his bu-ius. Alas! lie is 
 ,mt. liritish thunder is diverted or enntrollo,! by pitiful atlonti.u,s and 
 m,.ro (juakordikoserui.los; and under s.a'li inlbionees. insult and impunity, 
 like righteousnoss and peaee, have kissed oaeh other." 
 
 The King had wrilton U, Lord North, ou ,luly 2S, •' | ,|o think the 
 Admirars nuiioval a> ueee.sary. if what is roporlod i. Ibunded, as the 
 mild (ieiieral's" I^GageJ. 
 
CIIIIOXICLE OK TIIF. SIKfiK. 
 
 ii; 
 
 INCIDr.NTS IX TIIK I'liOVINTTAr, CAMI'. 
 
 It was a ivMiarkaUK' coiuciiliMKH! tiuit while a loral coiitlict. arisiiij; 
 from 11 ('(mtiovcrsy bctwcoii tlie mi)tlu'i--foiiiitrv anil ime of lii'i- proviik'tN, 
 was alioiil Id liaiis|.iii(' on the lioi'ilils of Cliarlcslinvii, llic C'oiitiiii'iital 
 Con^'iv.ss at lMiila(li'l|)liia should have adopted iiieasiires foi- iiatioual- 
 izinij; that i'oiili-ovei-sy. and for iiiaUiui; the proviiieial forces the iiurleiis 
 of a eoiiliiieiilal army. It was a trreat ^tel) for the eontiiieutal dele<;ates 
 from Massaeliusctts ami the other New Kiiglaiid iiroviiices to have 
 seenreil 'hat result. Some of the most eiirious details of the debates 
 and l)u-ini'-s, ami of the woikiiiLls of seeret iillliieiK'e>. at I'liiladelphia, 
 which have come to liiiht. reveal to us with what astuteness and sa;;acity 
 the Massachusetts delej;ates maMajj;ed to keep their special aims and 
 •wi.shes in ahey.ance, that tlii'y might not appear to force theii' local 
 interests aiul partialities upon the action of tlieir Southern associates. 
 The peculiar traits and views of the leaders and the peO| le of this 
 region were not altOLiether attractive to the meiulirrs of the Comrress 
 from other scclions, and it was liut shrewil ralciilation on the part of t he 
 twc> Adamses, Hancock, and others, to allow the couunon feelin.i:. which 
 they desired, to <;row naturally without beiuu; forced through their 
 obtinsi(]ii (jf it. If lliere was to be a conlinental adoption of a [iroviucial 
 army, it nmst have a Southern coumiauder. llap|)ily rrovidence and 
 Virginia came to the help of policy in furnishing one. How Oeiieral 
 AVard .■icceptcd the necessity which superseded him in his ollic-e calls f(.ir 
 no diseiission here. 'I'herc was no expression or manifestation of any 
 othei' feeling- tli.-in those of delight antl welcome, witli warm-liearted 
 and rc-pi'ctful addresses lo Washington, when he appeared on the scene. 
 The cMeiisive and level space of Camlaidge C'onnnou di-played bi'fore 
 his eyes the material in men ami arcoulremeuls. such as they were, on 
 which his e.\a<'ting task began. 
 
 We have a very lively description of lln" caini), as it ap|ieared im- 
 medialely .afler Wa-hinglon had taken command, from the pen of the 
 Rev. Will. l'',inerson. of ('uncord, a chaplain of the army : — 
 
 " 'fhcre is gnat overlurniiig in tlii! camp as to .udc-r and rrgularily. N(?\v 
 lords, new laws. The (lemaals Washiiiglou ami \.'v mv upon the liiieH 
 
 i;; 
 
14t) 
 
 ClllIONUl.K dl" Till. Sll-.t;K. 
 
 fvc'i-y (lav. Now onlrrs from His KxrfUoi.cy arc roa.l U> Uic r.-pi'itiv,. r.^^i- 
 nu.nts .'v.ry iiu.rnin- affr l-ravcrs. The stri.l,.>t -nvcnniu'i.t is takin- 
 jilar,', ami jrnal .li-iiiutinn is iiia.l.' l.rl« r,i, ..lli.vi ,- ami si.lilicrs. Kvory cmo 
 is mmlr l.^kmiwhis [.laic amU.M.i, in it, c,r !,.■ ti..l up ami rwcnve tl.irty 
 or forty la>lu>s a.v.,nlii,- to Lis rrin..'. Tl.ou.-an.ls arc al wurk .-very .lay 
 ,■,,„„ |„ur till clcNcii .M-lnrk ill the n.nrning. It is suri.nsi";,' I'ow imich work 
 ha.. b.'cM .Ini,,.. Th,> limvs aro oMcmK-.l alinu.st from Cambrh!-.^ to Myslio 
 river, .-o that veiy soon it will U' morally imp"-il'l'' ''"' ""' '•"'■"O' "' J?^'' 
 betwo,.ii the w.rks, except ill one place, which is s.ipp. s,.,l to be Icll pur- 
 jiHM.ly mifortilic.l to entice the enemy out of their forires.ses. Who would 
 have'th..n..ht twelve n.nulhs past ihal all t'amhri.l;,.. an,l CharU^town wouUl 
 bo covcrcl over with American camps, an.l ot up into forts an,l intren.'h- 
 ments, an.l all the lan.ls, h.^Uls, or.har.ls, lahl .ommnn, catth' IVdinj; in th.". 
 chnh.c^t u...winK-hm.l, whole fu'Lls ..f crn oaten .lown to th.' -roun.l. an.l 
 larp. parks of w.^ll-n.-ulate.! h.custs .'nt .l..wn lor tir.'Wo.i.l an.l other public 
 u.s.s. This, 1 niuM .ay, looks a littl.' melancholy. 
 
 .. My .piartcrs ar.' at the foot ..f th.- fam..us I'n.specl Hill, wh.'re such -■'.■at 
 ,„vparati.M.s aro ma.lo f.ir the rceepti..n .,f the enemy. It is very .liverting 
 to walk am,.!,;; the .'amps. 'J-|c'y are as .lilV.'r.'nt in their term as the owners 
 are in their .livss; an.l every t.nt is a ,,ortraiture ,.f th,. t.nip.n- ami taste of 
 ,ho per.s.ms wh.i enc-amp in i.. Sm,,,. are ma.l,. o( b-ar.ls ami some of sail- 
 cloth •. some partly ,.f on.' an.l partly of tl... oth.-r. Again, oth.^rs are matlo 
 of sume ami lurf, brick or brush: s,.me are thrown up in iv hurry; others 
 .•uri.msly wrought with .l.iors an.l win.lows, .lon.' with w.valhs an.l withes in the 
 manner of a ba.skct. Some are xmu- pn.per tents ami manim^.s, looking like 
 the regular camp ..f the enemy. In tlic.e are the Kli.^le Isla.i.l.'rs, wli.. are 
 fnrnish.-.l with t,M,l-..,,uipag.. an.l ..v.^ry thing in the m.ist exact English style. 
 H.iwovor, 1 think this gr.al vari.ty is ralh.'r a b.^auty Hum a blemi..h in tlio 
 army."— {Sp(irk.-<' n'ii.-liiiiyluu.) 
 
 roiJKKSP.lNDKNCK OV (iKNl-liAbS I.KK .XND lilTidOYNK. 
 A euri.ms epi.s.Hle, which mu-t liav.^ !urnish..a a m.,moiitary oxcit.Mncnt 
 in ih.. camp, (..Tiirrcl at this time. The impnlsiv.. an.l iiustal.le Clmrles 
 l,,e. who ha.l lii'ou commissi. .ne.l as a Maj.>r Cen.ral by the ('..iigrcss, 
 luul M'rv.a uiuler liurguyne as a Urilish ollieer in I'ortueal. When Lee, 
 before he lia.l l.e.'U eommissi.me.l. hcaril of the arrival of l'.nrg.iyno 
 in li.wb.n. h.. a.hlros.,1 liini fr.)m l'hila.l..|i.hi.-.. on .linu' Tlh. a U'lt.T 
 ubich .li.l M..I r.'aeh him until a m..i.lh afl.'ruar.ls. ll.' wn.le in str.mg 
 
9 
 
 ( iiiio.vitiJ': OF Till-: sii:(;i:. 
 
 Ml 
 
 terms of nttVctidii and rospoct, yot as to one " scdiici'd into ;ni inipioii-i 
 Mii'l iM'fariims service, liy tlie artiliec of ;i wiekeil iiiid insiilioiis ,.,„irl iiiul 
 (■.■il.iiiel." wliuM" •■ uiekednessMn.l trencliery lie has irnnsclf eNperieneed " 
 in Ills lornier niilitiirv reliilions lie expresses ^jrvatillcMtion lliat. ms he 
 li;i(l h'.'inieil, liin-'ioyne hM.l e'.i'ne liero. not of liis own seekinu'. Iml "n the 
 Kinji's positive cuniMiiin.l, l.nt Ms.nres liini Hint liis en-:iii.l is nieiiii :uel 
 unrijiliteoiis, nml will prove a failure, as the eolonies will never \ieUl to 
 the nsnrpatiim ami tyranny .if tlte eonrt. ITe protests apiin-' the silly 
 confhleiKv of the liriti-h tli:'i llie provincials are cuwanls and will not 
 fiirht. He is ainaz.'d also that his loved and fi'vered friend, (ieii. Howe, 
 slnaild eii^'a;4e in sneh a cause. Yet. whatever " the accursed misrulers " 
 shall dictate, Bnrgoyne -^hall have his person:il alfection. 
 
 I'.v i,cnui--ion of his superior, Uur,L;dyiie replied to this letter on July 
 8lli, soon after it came ti> his han.ls,' addressin-- l.ec in friendly and 
 familiar terms, tryin.;: to olfset his pleading's, ami then proposine to meet 
 him foi- an interview, and a dis(ais~ion. at I'.rown's house on tlie Neek, 
 with respective covenants and parole of htnior for the safe relnrn of hotli 
 parties. Lee submitted llnrgoync's lett.M' to the rrovincial Consircss, 
 Sllgffostin.ntlial if the interview shoidd lie allowed, they would desi^o;ate a 
 Kentleman of their body to be a witness of it with him. Mr. Klbridi,'e 
 Gerry was appointed for that purpose, and the Conrrress addressed a 
 hesitaliiiL' h'tterto 15ur:4.>yiie informing' him of the appointment. Uut 
 here the matter was arrested. The Congress did not approve of the 
 proiiosed m.vling. Withoul mentioning this fact. Lee addressed Hur- 
 jroyne a short note from ( 'ambridge. .Inly 1 1th. in whi.-h he says, that 
 as Ihev both hav<' unal'erably formed their convictions, an interview 
 ivonld only create jealousies and suspicions. He closes thus : "I must, 
 therefore, defer the hapi)incss of embracing a man whom 1 most sincerely 
 love, milil the subversion of the pres,.nl tyr.inuical ministry and system, 
 which I am pia'suaded nnist be in a few montlis. a- I kuowlireat Britain 
 cannot stand thi' contest.'' 
 
 This eorrc-pondeiiec was niadi' iHibiic and freely comuieiitcd upon at 
 the time, on both sides of the wal.'r. Uut there has come to light this 
 WAV a conli.lenti.al paper, which ailds an amusing and startling ingredient 
 toil. It i-a Ictt.'r of l!urgowie'> to L..id North, inclosing tli.' corrc- 
 sp.mdemv with Lee. The latter had s|iolven of the minister as ••the 
 
U8 
 
 CllltOMCI.K OK TlIK SIF.liK. 
 
 leldiiicus Noi-tli." As his cycxviiuM Ikivc In (iil! oii lliis cpillirt, liiii'- 
 fioyiic :i|iol(.i;i/,i's l.y xviiliiiir tlwit ln' lii"' iiilciidod to li;ivi' SLMlt only cx- 
 triifts. "Iciiviiig oiil llidsi' virulent .'ipostioiilit's wliicli stiind like oiillis iit 
 I5illinirs!,';ito, fur cxipli'livi's ulicn rciisoii fails" — t)ut iis t!ic uliolc corro- 
 sijunilciici' liiis l.rcM |irinlccl,liis cMiitidn woiilil not aviiil. He writes very 
 (litlerenlly nlmiil l.ee, from llie lone :inil style in wliieli lie IkkI written to 
 liini. His ehief object luul been to liavc oblaineil iin interview with l.ee, 
 in whieh he would ••lune <Mit him >hort in tluit pidlry Jarjion of invee- 
 tivi'"' against ministers, and l)ressed him with the fallacy and frenzy of 
 his notions. Bmgoyno [irofeeds : •■ 1 w(aild then have endeavored to 
 touch his pride, his interest, and hi> andiilion. I know tlie rnliui; pas- 
 sion of Leu's mind to bo avarice; the I'oundalion of his apostasy 1 bo- 
 lievo to be resenlmeut." Working from that interpretation and cstiniato 
 of l.i'c's character. I'.urgoyne goes on to explain lo the minister the 
 nn-lhod bv which hi> was fully confident lie could have won over tho 
 American general to his previous ser\icc under the king. He thought 
 it probable that '•though Lee would have blurted at a direct brilie. he 
 niiiiht have caught at an overtuie of changing his jiarty to gratify his 
 interest, provided any salvo were suggested for his inlegrily. — a point 
 in which many a man fancies lie possesses more limn he really docs. It 
 is not iinpossible that the .■\ample of Ceiieral Monk might have pre- 
 sented ilself to his imagination," etc., etc. If J>ce could be thus ••secretly 
 bought ovi'r. the services he might do .are great ; and very gvi'at, I con- 
 fess, they ouglil to be to atone for his olleiices." Burgoyne od'ers this 
 precious plea to the minister to iialliate his having used mild and friendly 
 terms in writing to a traitor whose life was forfeited. It seems, too, 
 that Lee had written still another letter to Iturgoyne. of whieh extracts 
 were enclosed to Lord North, though neither the original nor these are 
 forthcoming. From the cimiments upon it. it ajipears that I,ee had in it 
 expressed his alarm that the Hritish inleiidc<l (o employ Indian allies, 
 and also his positive knowledge •' Ihal France and Spain were ready to 
 accept the colonic's." 
 
 linrgoyne did not r(>strict his estimate of vcualily to Lee. For in an- 
 (jtlu'r conlidcnlial letter he writes, ••There is hardly a leading man among 
 the rebels, in council or in the ticld. but at a jiroper time, and liy pro|ier 
 inanagemeiil, might have been bought." He makes an exception, how- 
 
Clll!ilNlCI,i; OF Till-; SIK(iK 
 
 149 
 
 pvor, for citlicr JdIiii or Sum. Aaiims, whom lie coiitiwcs |.Mj;ctlu-r, 
 tlioiigli wluit hi' writi'M WHS ciiumII}- Inio of I'otli of tlu^iii. '• I liclii'Vf Ail- 
 iiMis to lie lis ■,'roiit. a coMspiriitor ms ever siilivcrlcd ii SImIc lie :is-iuvil. 
 my lord, lliis inmi soars too liif,'h to lio alliircil liy aiiv oM'rr (Ircat lirit- 
 11 can make (o liimsrlf or to hi- country. America, if liis coiiiiscl^ 
 force, iinisl lie subiliicil or rclimiui-hcl. Mic will not lie 
 
 III 
 
 contiimc in 
 rccoiicilcil." 
 
 A rKf.l.IMINAliV TO THK DKCLAl! ATIOX 01' INDI'.lM'.NDr.N-n:. 
 
 One y<-ar before the C.mtineiital Conjiress look ihc long-.l.layc.l aii.l 
 (lecisivc step of (U'darin- Indcpcmlencc. it preeedecl the measure by what 
 it rciiar.lcd nieler the circninstanees as (M|nally decisive, tlioii-h to lis it 
 seems merely tempori/.iics the issiiin!?, on .Inly l!, ITT.i, a d.'claration 
 of the reasons for taUiii- np arms. The declaration represcnte.l this as 
 the allernalive of '• unconditional submission to initale.l mini>lers." 
 ■lh,.y review tlic wrongs they have snlfcred, and the onlragcs wliich have 
 been inllicled niiun the colonies ; refnse to make terms seiiaralely ; insist 
 upon being treated as a united body ; resolve to die fiTC men rather than 
 shivcs; and yet they still disavow a "design of separating from dvat 
 llritain, and establishing independent States." 
 
 A soh'mii occasion was made in the camp lor publishing lliis iKiper. 
 Tlie Declaration was rca.l on Cambridge C'omimm on .Inly l-'ith. by 
 I'l-csidcnt l.angdoii, in preseiu'C of the G.meral, his olllcers, and a mass 
 „f people, and was received with enthnsiastic responses. It was also 
 rc;„l lo llic soldiers nnder I'ulnam. on Prospect Hill, on the l.slli; ami, 
 after a solemn address ami prayer by the fliaplain. Mr. Leonard, at 
 Vntnani's word the soldiers cheered and shouted tlu^ir ai.proval. A 
 cnnnoii was dischargc.l. and I'lUnam displayed a Cmneclicut Hag, with 
 its motto. Qui TmKMHlUSmtinet; "The I'liilislines on Hnnkcr's Hill." 
 being dismayed by this outburst of " the Israelites." 
 
 A^stir was made in tlic camp on Sciit. l:Uh. by 11h> fitting ..nt ,.f an 
 expedilioii. under Arnold, for (Juebee. 
 
150 
 
 ciiiioNKi.K OK Tin; Sli;(iK. 
 
 AlilUVAr. AM) CONKKIiEXCK OK A CoMMnTKr, KIJOM CONdliKSS. 
 
 Tlic C.mim.mckT wiis chccii'd h\ tlif iini\;il ;ii llu' ("mil'. "" <)«'l"''*'r 
 l.-,lli, or a (•ommitlco Hpccinlly i.ppointrd Ibr llic piiiiHiso l.y II,.- 1k«1.v lit 
 riiiladclpliiii. with wliic'h his only pvvions .•IimimioI of iiil.'iroiif^.' Iiiul 
 licfi. l.y Ultiis. Dr. Kinnklin, Lyiicli, of Carolina, an.l Harrison of 
 Virtrinia, camo as a coniniittcp on a rccoiistniclion of tlic army. Ollicial 
 reprrs,.n1ativrs IVoni tins and Ih.' otlu^r N. K. provincvs «cr.' pri'scnt. 
 Aiaicahli' and carnrst discussion rc-nlt.'d in immsiircs wliich wcro lii-lily 
 iMioonra-in.LC to tlic ('..nuMandcr, and «hich rallied liis lioprfnln.'ss. 
 Still, witli llu' winter approadiinu', lie was anxious to lake soiiie .■Ifeclive 
 action against tlic besieged enemy. He retaine.l the delegates till the 
 2-ltli, and wished tlieir advice on a iiicasnre which he had proposed to a 
 Council of War as to an .issault on Hoston by bomUanlmeiit. llis 
 oftlcers in coinieil. admitting that such an attempt was desiralilc. tlionght 
 it impraclicalile. Tlie Coiiiniillee from Congress advised thai the [irojccl 
 be referred to the decision of that body. It was not till two moiilhs 
 aflerwanls that Congress gave Washington aiilhorily to (h'slroy the 
 capital. While he was on this visit to the camp iManhlin made over to 
 a Coimnittee of the .Massachusetts Assembly thf sum of £loO. whii'h 
 liad been sent to him by sympathizers in Kngland, to relieve the woundcMl, 
 widows and children, sulfcrers by the battle at Lexington. After 
 the formal convention at the camp was closed, the ccMuniiltee re- 
 mained for friendly discussion on many imiiortant matters. Tliey 
 revised tlie articles of war, made siigge-,tions to the Congress, pro- 
 posed regulations about prizes and provisions captured at sea, tlie cx- 
 ohange of prisoners, and the employment of Indians, ami so defining 
 and conforming the authority of Ihc Commander as greatly to strengthen 
 and encourage him. Congress i . iitirined all their action. 
 
 In October, intelligence of a most irritating and alarming character 
 was received in the enm|i, of the burning, by M.ul. Miiwall. on the l.sih, 
 of .-,00 houses, ami M vessels, at Falmouth, now Portland, Me. Wash- 
 ington was earnestly entreated, by the pcf>ple of the sea-board towns, 
 who were constantly in dread of similar outrages fr(un the Uritish licet, 
 to send ih'lachmcnts from the army for Iheir protection. He replied 
 
CHHONICM'; Ol' TlIK SIIUiK. I'" 
 
 with strong cxpivssi.nis of sviiipiitiiy- ''"' ''" •■■""''' ""' ''> '■"H'l''''""-''' 
 rt'iliici' his own iiisnlllciciit fnivi'!*, 
 
 ])]{. HKN.TAMIX nifliCII CIIAIi(ii;i> WIT" TKKACllKIiV. 
 
 This jicMllcniiin, «lic> wiis ii oriuhuUe ol" lliu\iinl, :i liort. a piuniiiHiit 
 Hiitiiol witli i.i^n nnd loiipic, :i in.'nilicr of tlie I'lovinciiil fonirross. .•iiid 
 «lio. wh.ii sent on :i mission to tlic Contiiiciitlil Congross. liail obtainf.l 
 thf Miii.oinlni.'Mt ofSui.;con-(;<'nfi!il of the Army, and Military Dir.ctor 
 of llosiiitals. cauio under siisi.ii'ioii from li.'iiig tU'tfctcd. aliont the first 
 of October, in corrcsiiondcn(;c witli u l.n.tli.^r-in-law in liosion, «lio was 
 a lory, llis inodiuni was a voniaii, and a Icltrr of liis was int.rirpU'd. 
 writtwi in ciplior, and with somo diHicnUy inlcrprotdl. Tli.' lotl.r is 
 ciTlninly ambijrnous in its contents, hut llie circnu.slauo.'s juslitied his 
 nrrcst nnd connncnient. Ho was allowd a full laaring at his oxannna- 
 lion l)ofon> tlie CJeneral Court, at Walertown, on tlio elnugv of ooin- 
 niunionlinfi information to tlie enemy. His ingenious hut evasive plea 
 in his defence was not sntisfactoiy, and he was expelled from tlie House. 
 AVashington laid the case l>efore the Continental Congress, wliicli sen- 
 teiiecl him to be confined in a jail in Connecticut, without pen. ink. or 
 paper, or privilege of private intercourse. On the score uf failing health 
 he obtained relaxation in tlic terms, and a change of the place of his 
 duress, ami linally permission to sail for the West Indies. The vessel 
 ill which he took passage was never heard of. 
 
 A visnoij TO Till'; cami*. 
 
 AVc have an interesting account of a visit to the camii in the Life of 
 .lereiny IJelknap, ii minister in Dover. N. H.. afterwards of l!o-lon. the 
 historian of Now Hampshire, and a principal founder of the .Mass. His- 
 torical Si)cicty. He was a luitive of Boston, and the tidings of tlie 
 alfair at Lexington readiiiig him soon after its occurrence, he Imrriod 
 liither, leaving his parish to excuse his absence from his pulpit on 
 Sunday, wliih' he loi'k lilial care for his pareiils in the town. He 
 remained at Cambridge more than a week, in April, before he couhl 
 brin" about an interview with them and their removal, lu the interval 
 
l-)'2 
 
 cmioxici.K oi- Tin; sii;(ii;. 
 
 Ill' vM-utc Id his uil'f, •• D.m'l W\ my j;iiii :ui.l iiiiiiMiiiiiliiiii ;:rl mil of llio 
 liuiisi', ir voii v.in liclp il." 'I'lii' hiiilr ol" his hcallli (■(iniinlli'.l him (o 
 (Icciiin! till' npiiiiiiilmt'iil as cluiiiliiiu of tho ciiiiiii to Ihc Ni'w llampsliiio 
 ti'oolis, liut, ii;iri'cii >; to tiikf liis turn in pii'iirliin^' tln'ic. lo Ihf sohlicrs, 
 In- visited tlic caii'p for tli;it pinp.wi' in Oi'IoIhm-. In tlic discliaijic of liit 
 fli'iicul ofllces Uicve Ik- wus given to nn.liT-lMml •• llial it was olfcnslve 
 
 to pray for tlio king," thont^li llif Conyivss liail not yet r<- iici"' 
 
 nllc^ianco to liini as "our riglilfnl sovrrcij^n." L'mlcr Oct. -inili, lio 
 writes: — 
 
 " 1 prayed with (ieii. Tliomas' refjinient, (inarlered at llnxlaii-y. and afler- 
 wanls visited llie lines in ecinipany witli an otVieer of tlie pieijaet jriiard. 
 Niitliingstrni-Vv me willi nmi'e liorrm- than tlie present enndition nl' ItuNliU/y ; 
 that iinee Ijn-y, erciwded Mr.el is ticiw oeenpied only l>y a pir.|net ;;nard. 
 'I'ho houses are deserted, llie windows are taken out, and many sliotdiolus 
 nre visihle; some have lim-n linriit, and otlieis pulled down to make room for 
 lilt! fortilieations. A wall of I'arth is carried aemss the street to Williams' old 
 liouse, whcro there is a formidahle fort mounted with eannon. The Iow.m- 
 lim; is just below where the (li'orge Tavern stood ; a row (pf trees, i„,,i and 
 braneh, lies aeross the road there, and the Ijieaslwork extends to Lamb's Dam, 
 whieh form a part Iherec.f. I went round Ihu whole, and was so near IIk! 
 enemy as to see them (thou},di it was fof,';,'y and rainy) relieve tlieir seTitries, 
 which they do every hour. Their iiutmost sentries are posted at the ehinnn'ys 
 of I'udwn's house." [The rebels had burned this iiouse.] 
 
 "Alter dining' wi'.h General Ward, I returned to Candiridge; in the 
 fcveniu<' visited and conversed with (Jeneral I'utuani. Ward ajipears to bo a 
 calm, cool, thoughtful man; I'atnara, ii rough, fiery genius. 
 
 "Oct. 21st. — l)e dned at Cambridge all day by tlio rain. Met (ieneral 
 Sullivan, who told mo he was ordered to rortsmoulh i>|i the report of the 
 destruction of l''almomh. Uined, liy invilalion, with .Mr MilUin, (iuarter- 
 master-( ieneral. The eomiiany present were l>r. l-'ranklin, Mr. l.yneli ami 
 Cidonel Harrison (a comnntlee from the Congress), tieneral Li'C, etc. (ieneral 
 l.ec! is a perfect original, a good scholar, and an odd genius, Icdl o( tiro and 
 passion, and but little good manners ; a great sloven, wretchedly profane, and 
 a great adndrcr of dogs, of which he hail two at dinner with him, etc. (ien- 
 eral Washington was to have been at this dimuu', but the weather preveul;d. 
 lie is said to be a very amiable gentlennin, cool, sensible and placid, and a 
 resolute solilier. 
 
 " Oct. -'-'d. — rreached all day in the meetingdiouso. After meeting I was 
 
( iiiioMci.i; <•!• •iiii: sii;(.i:. 
 
 i.-.:j 
 
 ii;;;iiii IhM Ii\ iIi.> ('li;i|il:iiii lli:it il w;m ilUiij,'n'i';il)li' to llic :.'iiiit;iU In pr.iy 
 Inr till' kin;;. I aii-wiTcil ih:it llm samii aiillmrily wliicli ii|ipiiiiiti'(I tlio 
 jfi'iicnils liiid oi'iIi'I'ihI llic! kin;; In 111' praycil fur at llii' Into ('onlincnlal KiHt; 
 mill, till llial w:h ri'M'lxi'il, I >liiiiiM lliiiik il mi\ iliily In An it. Hr. .Xpplctoii 
 [tlui niiirmiT lA' (lie ilini'i'li in I 'aniliiii|;;i'] pr.iyi'il in llici alliTnniiji, ami 
 111' nliiincil tl. ■ kin;; willi inmli allVrtiDii. It it tnn a'^ninin;; in tin' ;;''ni'raU 
 III liinl I'anlt with it. 
 
 "()i-t. '.'.""I. — .Mr. Millin a>-ui'il inr iIi'T'' wa-* ii" ili'-iijn to inaki' .'in 
 iissMult upiiii llii'lnn viTV .-mm, anil lli.il it wmilil unl I"' ilnm' nnli'^'i it was 
 iiininl (liat imlliin;; I'l.ti' I'oiilil liti ilnnc. I'lat-liutliiiiU'il Imats ai'o piiparin;; 
 wliioli will carry -i\ty nr suvi'iity men at mii'i'. llarracks an' also Imililiiijjf 
 liirtliii army's wirilrr i|naili'i'*. 'I'ln' army i- licaltny, ami wi'll .'^npplii'il. I 
 visiti'il tin' work.s at I'm^pcrl Hill, 'rim wralhi'r brill;; lia/.y I liail not so 
 ;;iiih1 a vlinv as I slmulil wi-li ; lint I I'lmlil svv tin' cni'iny's lini'S ami Iniililin;.'! 
 at Hunker Hill, ami tin- ilrsnlatiim at Cliarli'-iluwn. \'i-ilril al-m tlni winks 
 at riiiu;;lii'il Hill ami WintiT Hill, ami -I't mit mi my riliiin. ili'. 
 
 " Oct. ■.Mill. — tint liiiinc [111 Dnvcr] .iml lumnl tin' tuwii lull i.l' I'liil-iiimiiji 
 
 I pli', wliii have lii'iii iiiiivin;; with llnir cll'ccl<, ever -iiirr llic ile-ti iiitiini 
 
 of KaliiiDiilh, appreliemlin;; llie same I'ali'."' 
 
 .\ 111 Mi \( I l.lilSI If OliDI'.K IN I III; (■\M1' 11^ «• \SllIN(i[(IN. 
 
 'I'lii- liisliii\ ami liaililiuiis 1)1' ciiliiiii.il ainl prnviiicial lil'c ill lin-loii '^ivc 
 us niiiiiy illilslr.atiolis of Ihe zeal ninl aliiiiiosily of tin; (jcoplc exiiiliitoil 
 a;;aiiist evcrylliiiiL; pcniliaily iileiililicil willi llic cl.aiiiis ami nliservaiicos 
 of llic Hiiinaii Calliolic Cliiircli. Tlie anuivcr^ary assnci.atcil willi Ihc 
 famous (imipowilcr I'lot was an occasion of iiiaiiifcslalion, partnlc ami 
 satirical slmws in liosion which. Iiy frcipienl recurrence, Innl inaile tin? 
 ilay line of alinosl oliliL^aliny reconiiilion. linporlanl issues were now 
 «iis|iciiile(l upon the hopos ami plan ; coiimclcil with iiiiivciiu'iit.'i (lesi;;iR'il 
 to briiii^ Can.aila iiilo syiiipatliy with the rcvnlliiii; colouio.s. Tiie 
 llrilish .Miiiisliy, liy tlic fainmis (^ill-lice Hill, hail iiilroitly sclicmcd to 
 secure the allcLriance of Ui'inan Catholic C.iiiaila, aiiij it was not for us 
 to aliciialc it by any insult to its faith. Tlic followiiej niilcr was issncil 
 ill the Provincial Cani') for Nov. /ith : — 
 
 ^fE^iff%- 
 
 " As the Ciiminamlcr-in-Cliiif lias lieeii apprised nf a ilciign furincil fur thu 
 observance nf that riiliculniis ami cliihlish tustiim of burning the efligy of tlio 
 rope, ho cannot help c\in-cssiiiLi; his surprise that therii shc'il bo ollicers ami 
 
154: 
 
 ClIUOMCLE OF TllK SIKGE. 
 
 soldiore' in this amiy ?o void of coninioii soiisc as luit to sco the inipni])ri('fy 
 of such a sttj) at this Jmutiin;; at :v time when wo aiv solicitinjr. and havo. 
 n.aily olitaincd, the frii'ndship and atliancr of tlic people of Canada, wlioni \vu 
 (iiifrhl to eonslih'i- as bietliren enihai'iied in tlic same eause, tliis (k'f( iice of the 
 "jeneral liberty of Amenea. At sueli a juneture and in sneh eireunistances to 
 lie insulting their religion i3 so monstrous as not to be sulVered or exeiised ; 
 indeed, instead of ofl'erin;^ the most remote insult, it is our duty to address 
 l)ublie thanks to these our brethren, as to llicni we are so mueh indebted for 
 every late hajipy sueeess over the eommon encni} in Canada." 
 
 WINTKli IN 'nii; (AMI'. 
 
 The unwearied fori'thi)Uj;ht ami oversinlil of the Comniauiler, setting 
 lielbre him all the ilelails and conditions of his arduous task, were 
 enjiajicd in uIkjuI (Miual measuremcnls in Iryini;' to a\crt the necessity of 
 keepini: his forces inactive tluduirli Ihe winter, and in preiiarini; for that 
 season if cmnpelled to remain on the jjround. The I'roviiuial and the 
 Conlinenlal Coiitjresscs jrave him Ihc liel|i of Ihrir most earnest wislies 
 and intents, though not always resulting in prom|)l elliciency. 
 
 lie had reason to liclieve that even if the eni'my made no ollensive 
 (lumonstralions, beycpud an oi'casioual cannoiiadr. throut;h the winter, 
 strong rcinforeemenis umdil Join Ihem in llu' sprite.;', and therefore he 
 de<'ided that the sooner he could strike,' a siron;;' blow Ihe belter, lie- 
 sides, Ihe close of the year would terminate the period of enlislnn'ul of 
 the laiiier portion of the men whom, liy incessant and riirid discipline, 
 he liad been iiri'pariuij: for soldiejly work, and Imn in upon the camp, 
 when it was most weakened, a body of raw recruits. The militia of Ihe 
 iiciLiliborinu towns, snmmoncci lor a few days to meet ^peci.al cinerjjvn- 
 cies, was his only resource, In comicils with his ollicers lie mged his 
 own view8 as lo Ihc m'ccssily of .^n assault on the enemy before rein- 
 forcements should arrive, ami he freely avowed bis assurance that, 
 though uny sueli enterprise wonM be c\lremrly hazardous, yel . if his 
 
 men would I'aco Ihe risk n:cieou--ly. il liad a fair chance of sncc<'ss. 
 
 The autumn and early part of Ihi' uirilcr wer<' compaialivcly miM, and 
 his hopes of seeing llii' liay I igblly hii'keil in ice — Ibal Ihe Icmpluliou 
 lo use it as a bridge lo lloslon might induce his ollicers to appro\c his 
 plan — were disapitoinlcd. liul the uncertainly of his >chciue.s in this 
 
nnioxirt.F, ok riii: "sikck. 
 
 1", 
 
 (lirci-licM cuiil.l iiol uirsct till' ccitaiMly th:il lir 11111-.I lie in-cpiiml to keep 
 liis moil (111 Wtr -louii.l lliidii-li :! New Kii-I:iii.l wiiilcr, ill whatever sliapo 
 it ini'ilil <'i)iiie. The men N\ere.>l' :i .-oil ami training!: aii'l lialiil of lile 
 thai .li-|io>e.l an. I lilleil Ihem lo ,1.) the liest pos-ihU' for theiiiM>lves in 
 llii< mailer. They wcro i ..iiteiit witli phiiii I'aiv. aii.l there was iiu lack 
 (.r it. Tliey showoil llieir iiip'iiiiily in llie eoii-tnietinii nf hut- am) 
 sliaiilies of every eoiieeivalile pattern. Al'ler experieiieiiiu- -ome ilil- 
 iieiiltv in providing a siillleieiit qiiantity of lirewuo.l the I'rovineial 
 Coii.irress made a levy on the town- to a eoii-id.'ralile di-tance fr..m tlio 
 camp, and it was I'liriiislied in almndanee. 'I'lie tiiiie-lionored ■niaiiks- 
 Ldviiii; i'e-tival was hearlily enjoye.l on Xovemlier 2:!d. Orders had 
 been issued to (ien. Sulliv.-iii. on the sovenlli ol' the month, to tio to tlm 
 protection of I'orlsnioiilh aiiainst the fate wliieh liad heeii vi-iled upon 
 Falmontli. On Nov. '.Itli. alioiil lour liundred ot llie enemy, in boats 
 from r.o-lon. made a landini;- at hi^li water on Leelim. ri''s roinl. which 
 WIS tliiis made an island, lo phiieler llie -loeU there. 'I'liey were pro- 
 . lecled liv a fri<_'ate. and by lUiatiiiL;- balteries. The alarm drew 11 dctaeh- 
 nient of the I'rovineials. who eonid reaeli the scene only by foidiie.'. and 
 the result was a sliirmish with a lo-s i.f Iwo men on I'aeli side. The 
 onomy carried olf soim^ cows. The Poiiil was. as staled above, stron-ly 
 forlilicd by the I'rovineials on llie next niontli. 
 
 On the openiliii- of the new year \Vashin;j:ton received Ihe de-ired 
 allowance of the Conliiieiilal Coicjrc^s lo ilcslroy lio-lon, if he found it 
 advisable lo do so, and I'rcsident Hancock, in transniiltin^ Ihe mcssaee, 
 endorsed it with his full ap|iroliation. Ilioii^h he wonhl have been, per- 
 haps, tlii" hipzesl snircrer. The nionlhly expel -es ,,f AV.a-hiiejIon's 
 army were e-limaled by him. at Ihe end of the year, at 827.'). HHO. 
 
 The union Ihisj; had l>cen Ihiiiu- lo Ihe bree/e with he irly cheeriiiL;'. on 
 the new year. Admiral Schnldam. who had just come into Ihe harlior 
 lo displace Craves, broiidil with him an .■.lilion of the king's last speech 
 in opening rarliament, full of the si.iril of delianee and resohilion to 
 crush a "rebellions war. manifeslly carried on for llie purpose ,if estab- 
 lishing an independenl .aiipire." The reading of it in llie caniii was 
 received with sIioiiIh and jeers. A l>old slrolu' was made on Ihe cven- 
 inirof ■T.an. Hth. by a party under Major Knowlton. to burn some houses 
 then left on (■harl(>s|,,wn ?M'ck. Il was. in a dc'jrec, snccessfid, and 
 caused a iianic in lioslon. 
 
156 
 
 (intOXICLK Ol- TIIK SIEGE. 
 
 THEAI'MKNT OF I'lilSOXKIIS. 
 
 As ill Mil cM-.s (,(■ MiciKilioiK >lnl>' niid ••csistMncc on flic piirt of any 
 tonsi.l.Tiiblo IKirlioii of subj.rls ,.r •■iliznis in tli.ir ivlalions witli m. 
 ostahli-hcl novonim.Mil. «1i.m, nvIkU bo^ins ;,s s.Mlili.Mi and V(lu.'Iic- 
 «nits the issue of .'Vcnts to ,l>vi.l.. wliWlior it shall hv crnsliea, or vo^ ■■■■ 
 iu snwossful and ruToniidislunl ivvoliUion ; so in the struggle :' ■' 
 l.crc n.lu.iisc.d. one of tho most .lilioal <inostions opened in i(s .arUest 
 sficr, „iis the treatmnil and disiH.sitinn to be made of those persons 
 ,vho became ob,ioNi.,ns to, or «e,e liist seized in aetnal armed hostility 
 toaulhorilv. There was no nniisiial <M,.irse adopted, no peenliar seventy 
 oxereiscd 'bv tl.e Ihilish eommander here in tieatin- Hie reb..ls ulio first 
 (Vll into his hands as su.h. unless w.. reeoe„ize as of that eharaefr the 
 arr-vanee and supeveilimis disdain, the assunipticm. e.mtenipt and con- 
 ceit '"of an easv triumi.h over a .U'spieable enemy, wliieh marked the 
 ^vhole ollieial ,-n,id,ic't of the rovalists in their dealin-s with Hie pro- 
 vincials. Of .'onrse, the military titles borne by the rebel oflicers eonld 
 not be, even in conrtesv, allowed iu inleivourse with them, and i, was 
 assumed that uo .listiuetioii would be made between them and the 
 soldiers. As in all such eases, too. consideration, tolerance, and all the 
 measures that liradnally reeo^'.ii/.ed the pendin- of au issue to which 
 there was eoiuvixablv more than one result, w.ue won by tlu- rebels. an,l 
 yielded on the royal side, only as the former proved that they were lU 
 eanu.M. and were not to be trilled with. The security of the revolt.n- 
 pane in everv sUeh ease is to po~,es. tlumisclves, as soot. as possible, 
 „,■ i',„, „„.aiis and materials for retaliation. It came to be a matter o( 
 rc-ret with (ia-e. and his lieutenants, that the most able ami ohnoxh.us 
 le.ulers of the rebels had not been seized aceordin- to the purposes of 
 ,„e ministrv. an,l .eut to Kn^laud lor trial as traitors. They would 
 probablv even then have eseape.l with their lives, at.d merely been held 
 as pled'ucs <,f the orderly caidu.'t of their fellow -subjects, as when 
 Ileurv I'.aurens. heariu- .lespalches fnuu the ivbel Cou-iess to Holland, 
 was intercepted on the hijrh seas, and conlined iu tl:e Tower of i.otidou. 
 IU Ca-e's pn.clan,atiou of .luue l-'tli. whh'h it now appears was written 
 ivir liiui bs the pe,i of llnr.o>ue. llaneoeU and Samuel .Vdatus were 
 ..vmiptcd from ti,e ,,a,do„ olh^ed to aU who would tlieu avail them- 
 
cimoxiCLE OF TiiF, snccji;. 
 
 157 
 
 sclvps of it by suliiiiitting to tlic roynl jiovoriior. Xot to lio oiililuiic in 
 the mutter of i;i-hcc, tlicniuli tlioir list of the |n'osoi'ilic'il w:is u ImiLrer one, 
 the I'loviiR'ial C'oiif,ncss, on .lime UUli, 'ly in'oeliiinntion. oll'eiod !i full 
 i\iu\ free |iiinlo!i to soMiei-s, tories, anil ;ill sorts "of public olt'eiiclers 
 iiijainsi tlie riLflits mid lilierlies nf tliis eoiiiitry. exci'i.liiiL: only tVoni the 
 benefit of sneh imrdoii." the (ienend, the Adinir;d, nil the Miindamiis 
 Connseliors who had not resigned, and all not beloiiiring to the royal 
 army or navv, who had aided in liie n'ceiit " rolilii'ries and murders." 
 The Continental t'onjrrcss had given attention to the niatler of retalia- 
 tion in the seiznre of any of the iiatriol party, and the ("onimittee of 
 Safety had advised the I'rovineial Congress, on .Inly ('.th, -to reeom- 
 niend to the grand Amerieaii Congress that every erown odlcer within 
 the united eolonies be immediately seized ami held in safe custody until 
 our friends, who have been seized by Gen. (lage, are set at li! ity, and 
 ■fully reeonip<'iised fir their loss and impri>oiiiueiil ." 
 
 These '• frii'uds seized by (iagi'" were some |iromiiieut oll'euders 
 in Hostoli, whom he had eouimilted to the jail. .lames |.cp\|.ll and 
 ■lohu Leach weri> heic couliucl. with roiejli treatuieiil. -ixty-live days 
 each, on the charge of being spies; I'eter Ivies and William Starr, 
 sevenl\-tivi' days eai'h, for concealing tire-arms, and .lohu (iill, a^a 
 prinica- of seditious matti^r. liesides these were the pri-onei's, about a 
 score, tak'ai at liunUei' Hill. It was alleged that the woundeil aiuoug 
 these wiae uegl.'cted or brutally treati^d. In .a cdutMeulial letter of 
 Burgoyue to Lord Koehlbrt, before (jiioli'd, he winlc. ■■My advire to 
 ( b-neral Cane has been to treat the |U'isouers taluMi in the late action. 
 most of whom are wounileil. with all possible kin.lncss. and to di>ini~s 
 tlu'ui without terms. ' Von have been di'ludiMl ; reluiii to your homes in 
 jieace ; it is vour dut\ to (lo.l and your country to undeceive ycuir 
 nciiihluas.' I have had opportunities to sound the uiiiuls of these 
 peo|ile. Mo-l of Ihiaii an- men of goo,| uiiderslandiim-. liiit of iiuK'h 
 picjudicc. and slid more (acdulily ; tlu'varcxct ii;iioraut of their t'ate, 
 and sonn>. of llicui expect, when they ri'eover. to lir haiiLivd.'' li »as 
 indeed to that fate, as (ailprits and rioler~. that Ceil, toa-e liicd lo 
 atlracl the fears of siieh a- fell into hi- hands. W i-hiiig|on. on Aui:'. 
 ll.addies-ed a leilerl,i llie ( icueral. rtuuon-t rating again-t his thus 
 treating |iri-ouers i>f rtar as felon-, and threalcniii|j; full |-ctalialion to 
 

 ins 
 
 flII!OVI(r,K OF THK STKCK 
 
 ol,„oNio„s pcixnn^ ii. h\< iKHwls «lm h:i.l till tluM, l...,'!. f„rlH.Mrii.<rly .loalt 
 l,v. I„ this Ipll.r Ciiuv is il.'scTilM'.l as lulint: iiiwl.r '■ iniiMstri's." 
 (iaiiv ii-ain il-r,l \W pen ,,r r.ui-oyiu. for a r.rlv. a.Miv~s,..l Id •■C.'Oivo 
 '' shingtou. Ks(|." r.urL'c.viu" .^ivcs us tho Icltrr as ho wmlc it, au.l it, 
 • ,.ars that (laiiv. in coining' iLaildwl lo il Iho following Sfiilcin'o : 
 ■ I'ill 1 ira.l voiir iM>imiations in iTgafd to ministers, I conwivcHl that I 
 ha,l ac'.Ml unilrr the king,"' .'t... Tine to lii. tlnvat, Wa-hinjrton jiavo 
 ordefs that M.na.ohnoNions yrv>nn> and i.iiscnu'is in his hands slmnld 
 bo confined in eoininon jails; hut for s,une reason the severity was 
 rdaxed. H.^ had oeea^ion to write a-aiu to (ia.-e on the same Mil.ject, 
 Awl. 'ilMh. and aKo on Dee. iMli t.. Cen. Il<me, on the brutal treatment 
 of Kthan Allen. This ollieer was put in irons, earric^d to Kugland, then 
 shifted between New Yorl< and llalifaN, at wlii.-h last flaee Mr. Lovel! 
 was earried; and tlieir treatment was the suhjert of mm-h corresp.md- 
 en.'C. r.nt eart.ds and eNehanges soon dis|.osed of the whole matter. 
 
 liflU 
 
 ;OVNK ON 'fllK SITlWTinN IN liOS fON. 
 
 Another eonfidential leder from (Sen. I'.urgoyne to Lord Roehfort, 
 wiitten in the summer of ITT"., and which has been liist made public 
 (his year, contains -ome v.^ry ittterestiug disclosures. Tlie expedition 
 to whi.'h the (;en.'ral refers, as suggested in his iireviuus letter, was an 
 element ..f a scheme devised by him in answer t.) a supposed question. 
 
 whether nothing culd be .lone in the campaign 
 
 of that vear? His 
 
 scheme was. that the rov al foices should seize and occupy Dorchestc 
 Heights, and that, leaving fur the ret.aition and defence of the three 
 pcnLsiilas, Charleslown, Uoston and Dorcliesler, one thousand men for 
 each, the remainder of the army - possibly two th.msand— sliould he 
 cmbarUed to cruise along the coast, threalciung the sea-board, dividing 
 the piovineials, using etforls of policy and strategy to thwart th.; 
 l,lans of the rebels and to sow alienation liclwci^n th.' provinces. " I 
 begin no«- to.h-pairof IhecNpedition of which I exi)resse.l i)romising 
 liopi's in my la-t. Kuteriui.c is not ours. Inertness, or what is equal 
 to it. attention to Muall objects, counteracts or procr.astinates nndertak- 
 iu-s when u.. visible objection lies to them. Hut I lake with great pleas- 
 ure th;s(.pi""Hi"''.^' ''»''" J"-""^''' '" '^^''- ''"»'•'• •""' ""' ^^•''"'"■"' """'^ 
 
cintoNicr.io of tui: i^ii:(ii:. 
 
 15!) 
 
 t„ke t., hi.ns.lf, mul nrCMmt lor, a great sIkuo uf ouv inactivity, -nr 
 ilis"riicf iiiul iiur ili^trcss. 
 
 " I will not un.kutnke a task so usoloss at present, an.l so rcpi.-naut to 
 my .lisposilion as to ,,arti(a,lari/.e it.Maiwes of these M.islbrtm.es, b„t the 
 .rlari,,- laets are not to he roneeahnl : tlu.t tnany vess..ls have heen taken, 
 ollleers kille.l. men n.Ml.. prisoners ; that large nnmh.a-s ..f swift hoats. 
 c.;,lh.,l whale-houts, have been snpplie,! to the enemy at well-known 
 ,„wn- on the eoast, i,. xvlneh hoats they have in>i,lle,l an.l i.lun.hTed 
 i.lan.lsinnne,liatelvnnaerthe protection of onr ships, and at n..on,lay 
 lan.lea in force and set lire to the light-hoMs.., ahnosl tuuler the gnt.s of 
 two or three n>en-of-war. I an> t.ot M.nnan enongh to say that a vgdant, 
 ,,„, ,,,,in.' enen.v. .■xcellent hoataaai, an.l knowing perfectly how to 
 tin,c winds, tides and cnrrents, nnght n,.t possihly elh^et these explotls 
 in spite of anv diliuenee on the other side ; hnt 1 know tmt where an 
 ox.atse will he fonnd for not enforcing in.tant rotitntiot, and reparatnm 
 where boats have been furni^ied, i,rivateers titled onl, prizes carried in, 
 „, ,„,,usions refnsed. And this otnission is the more CNtr.aordin.ary, 
 l„,ause, before the proclamation <,f martial law, the Admiral breathed 
 „„lhing bnl in>patience and llanie ; and since that 1 kt,ow tIen.Mal (inge 
 has nn.ea him in vain to put his former schemes into execution. 
 
 .. 1, would be invidious to pr.M'ecd. 1 have said enougli, «hen com- 
 pared witli the ol,servations I had the honor to transniil by the C'rbr.rw^, 
 U, prev.mt vour lordsliip forming any very sanguine cNi.eetalions of this 
 ,,^,„p„i..n. " I an. afraid it will re.p.ire a good deal more activity than we 
 have yel sliown. to ptvvcnt fami.te in the town, if t.ot in the army, when 
 winter aiiproaehes. 
 
 '• (ieneral Cage appears to be not disinclined to an idea of evacualmg 
 Huston, if he can make himself master ..f New York, and of taking up 
 his winter-quarters there; and there is nmch solid rc.as,u,ing in favor of 
 il. Tlu. post, in a military point of view, is nu.ch more ini|iorlant. and 
 ,„„,,. ,,,„,,,, ,„ begin the oi.erathms of tn'M can.paign. In p<ditieal 
 considerath.n, yet more nnght he said for it. and in regard to general 
 supnlv the neidd-orhood of Long Island, and other adjacail t^lands, 
 wm.'hl allord ..une assistance that we want here, lint on the other hand, 
 ,„ ,,„i, |,„|,| ,,,„i,vlv of Massachusetts, at least before solid footing uas 
 .,l,,:,ined else«he.e. tcpntcs vcr.N tnatnre retleclion ; 1 «o,d,l not be 
 
]()() 
 
 CllKOXICLE or TllK SJlXilO. 
 
 umlcrstodd to give my o|)iniiiii. 'I'lie exoculion of iho nioasiirc nlso 
 woiiM (li'iiiiinil gi'Ciit I'liR'siglit, si'fi'ccy, iiml (Mlicr iii:ui;ii.'('mciit. Tlie 
 iiilialiitdiits, IVieiicls of Goviinimciit, i]iii>l not Ijo left Ijeliiini. They 
 MdiiUl iiMiuiic 11 va.--t (]ii:nility of sliiiipiiig. 'I'Iil' iin'irlKiiulisc in the 
 town, grcnt |i;irt of wliirli lirlongs to nli-*onK!CS, iiud ought to be con- 
 liscati'il, iunoiints, I am told, to tlio valm^ of tlii'ce Imndivd tliousiuul 
 pounds. Tliat deposit ouglit. surtdy to be detained; to pi'oservo it 
 to thu pi-opiieloi'S, if innocent; to tlie public, wliei'o lliosf should 
 bo guilty; and from the use of the enemy in liolli c:: .es. I think 
 it pcjssible Ceneial liage may not liave mentioned tliis eiicumstaiu'O 
 to Government; and I sul)mit it to your lorilshi)) us one of great 
 importance, and upon wliieh 1 hope orders will be sent from home; 
 for I foresee a man of the (ieneral's scruimlous integrity (a part 
 of Ills cliaracter tliat entitles liim to tlic greatest honor) may bo 
 induced rather to relimiuish or burn warehouses upon an exigency, tlian 
 sul'ject liis ri'imtiilion to the breath of slander by laying liis linger upon 
 ;nnvate iiro|)erly." ..." lint wliellier tlie selieme of leaving Boston takes 
 place ill tliewliolc, in pait, (jr not at all, be assured, my lord, the army 
 will be in danger of peri-hing with linnger and cold the ensuing winter, 
 if the proper depart incuts here do not fully re|)resciil, and the depart- 
 ments at liome fully lielieve, tlie impossibility of any solid supply of any 
 article whatsDcver except from liritain or Ireland. At iireseiit tlie sick 
 and woumled .are witliout broth lor want of fre.-li provisions, and the 
 poor ensign I'aunot draw for his pay at lc>s tliau liflecn per cent, dis- 
 count." 
 
 The very interesting matter from tlie pen of Gen. liurgoyne is drawn 
 from a volume bearing the following title: " Tolitical and Military 
 Episodo.s in the latter half of the ISth Century. Derived from the Life 
 and Correspondence of the Kiglit Hon. John IJurgoyne, Cicneral, States- 
 man, Dramatist. ]>y Edward ISarrington De l'"onblaiii|ue. London: 
 Maciiiilhui it Co. l.^TO." 
 
 Dr.STUlClldN OI'- " I-IllKIM'V -'H!1;K." 
 
 Olio ilct of pure spitcfuliiess on the part of the Hritisli soldiers, during 
 their occuiiancy of Boslon, t(^ulcd lo concentrate the p:itriotii! attach- 
 
CUltONlf'l.K OF TllK SlKdK. 
 
 K'.l 
 
 n,o,U ^vl,id, tl,. pooplo luul tor ton y.^rs M. for . conspicuous o...... 
 
 ":i..i.u.,, with tUo spirit or ..il...ny. This was ,„e w.nto,, ,le.n„.„on, 
 
 ,vi,h insulting .Icnumstrations. of .he '^'■""";;'''";';^-'';". ,,.^,^ „„ ,,„ 
 Th.,. part of Washington stro.t, then call..! Onu^e stu.t. on -h. 
 eoi . ,h. pn.s..nt Kssck street -then AnchnnUy's h.ne-w.>s Un..vn 
 r nover .p.-o, opposite the eorner of Krog h.ne. now UoyUon 
 1 the site .f the M.rUet hnihlin,. On the s^nare stood a sni,s .n- 
 , ■,, ,,,,h.- •u.dtwo h.r-e ehinn.eys, in theyarUof 
 
 tial wooden house, xvitli gahh>, and two u „ . 
 
 .vhieh was a h.fty and spreading eln,-.ree. one of a .lu>t , ncu ,lu 
 
 :!. This w.. Kiherty-Tree. I-^'^-^'- ^^n Th:; v 
 e U Us inauguration, date fron. the nigh, of Aug. 13 1 . <,., A 1 1>^ 
 Ls .dMl. citizens of Boston had ,al<en the .ithM,f " sons o. .d,e,, 
 
 u .ppellalion o.lVred for their use hy .),eir .Viend Col. .rr. n, h s 
 .fori! speech on their side in the House of Connuons .n e e.eu- 
 
 t just .imed, an e.ligy of Andr..w Oliver, Seereta.y o. ,he Vrov.uee 
 a,:, who was to l,c the distrihu.or of the odious s.an.ps, was suspended 
 1 ,u.a,K.,,ofthe.ree,aeeonH.udedl.yangu,.eof,he evdpnng 
 
 out of a ..... and holding .he Sta,np Aet in ins luu.d wuh o.l 
 lurieal end.len.s, _ a very hard pun upon i>is Majes.y's hated Seot^h . - 
 .„. ,he ..:arl o,' Bute. On the .u.t n.oruing. as a great cn.wd eollee e. 
 ud, so,ne of the neighbors atten.pted to ren.ove the decor^d^ns, hnt 
 
 :.„ >rned to desist. The sheHtf was o,.dered .,y the .,eut.-(.over o , 
 
 ,. C'hief -lustiee, to take then, down ; but, on viewu.g the seene. and ,., 
 
 conditions, he pronouueed the attempt dangerous. 
 
 ,. wouhl appear that this i,,ge,nous deviee lor exp,vsMng on, 
 
 .udhos.iU.v.o.l,eKarlorBu.ewasnoto,.iginalon .ssuleoltlK 
 ,,,„,. A Boston ,,aper of Aug. '.'O, 17G3. contains the follown.g.- 
 
 ..A,„n,t two n.iles .Von> .loni.on there was suspended on an apple-tree 
 lU.ut ow over .he road, a .igure. as hig as li.e, dressed in Se,,.,-,, pla„ , ...h 
 !::;:;;; .o rese™„le a rihhon over one shoulder, and. on a pan..., ..oa.d. 
 alVixed to the tree, were tliese lines: — 
 
 " ' iWhoht the man who made iW yoke, 
 • Wlueh do.h Ohl Kngland-s sons provoke; 
 
 And now he hangs upon a tree, 
 
 An emblem o.' our liber.y. 
 
1(5:; 
 
 cinioxKi.K OF THE sir.(ii:. 
 
 ' Now, l!i-itons, :ill juii. lioart ninl liMiiil, 
 His sly-sclicined project )o ■willislaiiil, 
 That all our scms, as well as wo, 
 May have our " Cider go Soot free." 
 
 ' ' Libei-ly, I'ldperty, and No Kxeiso.' " 
 
 Tlic clligy was tiikeii down on the night of the 11th. and lioriie liy a 
 mob to Oliver's residence on Kort Hill, where it was IhmiiI, driviii;^- him 
 and his Caniily fnnn his honse, which they defaced, and stoning the 
 Lieut. Governor and Shcrilf who sought to disperse them. On tlio 
 2t'ilh of the month Ihe rioters did the same violent and destructive acts 
 Ujon the dwellings of Mr. Sl(.ry. of Ihe Ailmiralty, ot :Mr. Ilallowell, 
 of the Cnstoius, and of the Chief Justice, Licnt. (iov. lliitcliiuson. 
 
 Other clligies were luiug on the tree. >'ov. 1, 17(1."), tlie day when the 
 Stamp Act was to take ctlcct. amid mourufnl and riotous diMU(Ui>tra- 
 tions, miifUed bells lolling. Hags at half-mast, inllannualoiy lumdliills 
 and wandering mobs. The clligies were twice taken down and carried 
 in procession, restoreil. hung on the gallows-tree on the Neck, and at 
 night destroyed with cheers. 
 
 I'nder the apprehension that Mr. Oliver would still attc iiii>t to dispose 
 of the stamps, he was summoned, ou N(jv. ll'., to a|)l)car at the ticc on 
 the next day, '• to make a public res'gnation." He asked that the 
 ceremony might transpire at the Town House. I'.ut. no. He must 
 come to the tree. There, with a company of two thousand, including 
 the selectmen, nu-rchants and best citizens, he subscribed a (hrlaration 
 attested by liichard Dana. Justice of the I'cacc. This precious paper is 
 now in the [lossosiou of the venerable K. H. Dana, grandson of the 
 Justice. Oliver also made a siicech. expressing his ■■ utter detestation 
 of the Stamp Act." 
 
 Henceforward the trei' became endilcmatic, and, after a sort, sacred. 
 liy a vote of the Sons of Liberty, on February II, ITiiC. it was 
 "tiininied after the best manner," by sonu' cariicutcrs, under tlie direc- 
 tion of a skilful gcntlenuin. 
 
 On the r.lth of Jlay, in celebration of the Ucpeal of the Stamp Act, 
 llie tree was the centre of mcny-niaking and festivity, with illuminations 
 and lircworks, and bells ringing. Tlie tree was Imng with garlands 
 
niiioxTrr.E ov tiik sikcik. 
 
 1()3 
 
 nii.l colors, iiM.l a polo risiii.j; in lln' vrnWc of it. hy its now si._niili- 
 Ciiiicc, iloubtloss loooMoiliMl vvIimI ivniaiii.'d in tlio town oftlioold I'mitan 
 tni.litioiiiil dislilic of iK.los drosscd in May timo. (;o\vfnor llMncork 
 wolcoinod the pooplo to :i pipo of Madoii'M on the Common, wlicfo, also 
 at niiilit, was raisod a pyiamid of two liumliod and cifihty lamps. On 
 tho ovi'nin.i: of tlio next day tlioro was a fostival of lantorns. liorno by 
 innncnsc crowds of mm an.l lioys, with all sorts and dovircs (jf illumi- 
 nations around llio troo; and, to add to tlio j^oncral joy, a oollooti.m was 
 takon up for funds for disoliar;j;ing all who woro in prison for dolit, by a 
 general Jail delivery, that tlioy. too, miehl sliaro in Uio L^hul merrimont. 
 Tho heart of Uoston was warm, though its will was robollions. Kn- 
 gruviu'js are oxlant of a fonr-sidoil obelisk, with its oniamenis and 
 insoril>tions, wliioli was set under I.iherty-Tree al this time. 'I'lie sides 
 b(MV rmle p.)rtraits of (leoriio III. an.l Qnoon Charlotte, of the Mar.pus 
 of Koekiui,'liam. the Duke of York. Con. Conway, Lord Townsliend, 
 Col. Harro, Wm. Titt. I.ord Dartmouth, Charles Townshend. Lord 
 (ioorge Saekvilli'. .lolm Wilkes. .Mderman lieekford. l.onl Camden, oic., 
 with an oxtraordinary variety of .leviee^ .and emlilemalie oouoeits, 
 piteous, boastful, sareastie and devout, willi ten lines of patriotic 
 rhymes, d.'tiant in- mournful. <ui each side. Taul Krvere contributed liis 
 n-enins to this ronmrkable piece of symbolism. Wlien, on September 1 1 . 
 tlie news arrived of a change of ministry, a copiier plate :',] feel liy l'.V 
 was strongly nailed to tlio tree. iuserib.M. -''riie Tree of I.iberly. An^-. 
 M. ITG.V" Tlio faino which the tree had accpiired in Kngland is sh.nvn 
 l,y the eiirimis fact that aliout th<' time of the catastrophe to bo presently 
 rWated. there ,lied. al liaekway. near Cambridge, Kngland, a geutlemau 
 named I'liilipBilles. Ksq., who left to two gontlemon. not relatives, his con- 
 siderablo fortune, on condition that they would faithfully exoouto his will 
 by burying his body under the shadow of Liberty-Tree in l!o>lon. Xew 
 Kiiuiand. This statement appears in the "Boston Evening .Gazette," 
 Am^ •-'-'. ITTL copied from an Knglisli publiciition of .lune :!. Tho troo 
 nmst be considered as having put forth and oast its leaves through suc- 
 cessive seasons in sym|ialhy with tho patriots who had attaehed to it 
 their lovo and veneration. It was lu'canse of what it thus .ymboli/ed to 
 Ihem that it was hateful to the British soldiers, who doomed it to 
 destruction. On August Itli a party of them, led on by a lory laciiuoy, 
 
IM 
 
 CIIKONKI-K OF TIIK SIKOK. 
 
 Job Williams, cut il down ana Imnifd il. A soMi.'i' wlu) "as h.^^mg 
 olloiio of its biandu's Ml willi it aii.l was iiislanlly killwl. 
 
 Lafaycll.' said, in a sproch whii'li !»■ mado dnring his visit t.. lioston, 
 in 18-.'l,"Tlu' world slioidd nuvcr loig.^t tli« spot wliwc onco stood 
 Libeit\-Trc'o, so (unions in your annals." 
 
 TllK HKSllUil-.I) IN liOSTON. 
 
 AUacconnts agm- in ivpresontin- tlic condition of the anny and the 
 people in the town, dnrin- the snrunuM- months, as involvin- -enoral 
 distress, with discontent and apprehension. The ministry in K.i-land 
 ,vere i,erplexed as to whether Ih.y shonld give poMtive instructions to 
 tla.ir (ieneral, or leave him to his own jialgnient ; and he was evidently 
 distracted in that judgment, unable to h'ave Boston, and unwilling to 
 remain in it. Happily for him he was to be reheved of further responsi- 
 bility, as despatches received in September recalled him, nominally to 
 givc'information an.l advice. When he left he expected to return here. 
 Before his de|.arture he issued several proclamations. 
 Tlie fuUowim; lias interest • : — 
 
 -A COMMISSIOX UV HIS KXri:i.M:N('Y, THE HON. THO.MAS 
 
 (;.\(;r., capt. cknkkal, (;()\t;i!N()K-in-chh:i', &c., &o. 
 
 To CijF.AN l!ursii, J-:. -"j II ire: — 
 
 "]ncreas, there are large (iuantities of (i.u.ds. Wares and Merelm,uli/.e, 
 Chattels and KlVeets, of considerable Value, left in the Town of lioston, by 
 rersnns «ho have thought proper to depart therefrom, which are lo.lged in 
 Dwelling-houses, and in .Sliops, and Store-houses, adjoining to, „r nink.ng 
 I'art of Hwelliiig-houses; 
 
 . I„ tl,e calnnet c,f the Mx^s. llistoriral Society is preserved in a h.r(,'0 vohnne a 
 PcrU-s ef l'rnel.,nata,nsl..y the several licyal Governors, with hroa.l.hles, lly-leav.s 
 anJ n,i.eellaneoas i.rinn.I papers, of a.ueh historic value. 1 aa, indehu.l to th,. 
 source for tlie ilocuuients here eopieil. 
 
( lli;()M( I.K OF Till'. SII'.(ir.. 
 
 Km 
 
 cxpr..ss..,l s.,n... K.-urs ...m.-.n.i,,^ th. SalWy of s„rh ( ;o,„ls ..i.-.'i.niy as ;:>•... 
 iCt ..!■ tl,. II0U...S will n,.>-..s.inty 1... o,.,M,,.inl by Ihs M:,i-ty'H Irunp. an.l 
 „;, , ,,.„,l,.w,.,> nf ,1„. Anny. as llarracks .Imiu^ ,1,,. \Viul.r s.a>..n : T. ,u..t 
 „,.. K,,,,H „!• Ih. Inl.abitaul.. anM ,u..ro ..s,,..,.ially ... tak,. all -In,, oar,, lyr U.e 
 Vn.s..rva.i..M oCsu.-h (i.,o,ls, Wan.s, an.l Mcr-han.li... : I !.-.• tl,..u,d,t .,., an, 
 .,„ ,,„,,,v ,„.l,..nz,. an,! appnint you, .1.- sai.l Cnan I'.rnsl,. to tak,. an,l 
 ,,,,,ive int.. vouf CUV. all sn.h (io„.ls, Chaltols an.l K.lV.ts. as n.ay bo 
 voUmtafily .U;Hv..,-ea int,. y.-nr Cbar,,, by .!..■ Oun-rs .,1 sn.-l, .;.».,ls, o. tbn 
 l...,.s.„> .,.■ IVsnns wh..so Care .hoy may b,' 1.11 in...n y..ur ^'.vm,.; lu... -U I. . 
 tl... sa„>o : r,n.l v..u are t., tak. all .In.. Cam th..r.„r. a,„l ,„ ,l,.liv..r saul C.o.mIs 
 when caU...l up..n,t,. tb.,s. t„ wi,„n> y,.n shall have .ivon K,.>...,l..s b.r tho 
 sanu^ 
 
 .. (liv.n nn,l..r n,y lbu„l au.l S..al. at ll.a,l-,,uartors in U„M,.n, the lir.t day 
 (if (),t..l),.r, ITT.'i, i^:,.. "TlWiMAS (iACE. 
 
 .. Bv IIU Kx.,.llun..ys ( Vnnnan,l, __ ^ ^^_^^,^_ ^^^,^^^^^^.^ ^^^^^,, 
 
 .•ty lly ()r,l.r ..r .1.,. C'.„nn.an,l..r->n-Cln..f, pr.,i„.r Apart, n.nts in Ka,,onil 
 
 „,U ar„ ,n.ovi,U.,l for the l!,.....pti"-> "f -"" <" '^ ^ -'>■ '- ''"""■':'• 
 
 Att..n,laneu will bo given In.n, T.n o'CW'\. evry n.-.rnin,^' 'uU On,-. 
 
 Tin. properlv of tl... .•ili...ns wbieh, acconlint: .,- .1- o.U.. was s,..r...l 
 in Fanonil UMl. ^vas ,.en,ove,l a«,.rwar.ls. that the buiMln, nu.bl be 
 „sc.l by tbo IJritisb oHleors, lor theatrical pcrroru.anees. It was eon- 
 sefpn.nily for th.' most part scatterea an-l lost. 
 
 CKKAN r.UlMl. 
 
 We are na.nrallv eo.u.erned to , ^ who was the tnan bearing sneh ttti 
 CNtraor-linarv natne, to whon. tho Hoyal Cietu^ral co,n,nit....l s,.. . a 
 responsible Service, and how be disehar.ed it. The ,.eople .Iriven fr<>ni 
 tUeir bo,ne.s ha,l left all tins valnable prop-.-.N' at risk ; and when on the 
 approach of winter tho Getteral lonn.l it n.'.-.ary .,> house his artnv, ho 
 wished to eiuplv .storos and dwellings. 
 
 Croan Brnsh'wa. a ,nan of ill-reptUe. an.l of n stortny eare-.r. an,l he 
 ,„„., „. ,„ „„,„,,,,. on.l. lie tnay be traced in Dr. (.'Calladtan-s D,,c- 
 ,„„„„arv Ili.storv of New York. He was born it. Dnblin, bre,l I,, the 
 
lUG 
 
 llll!()M(JI.K OF TllK SIKCii:. 
 
 liiw, !in>l niltiiiltoil to iniutic'c in Now York, wlicrc he liclil olllcc iiinlcr llii' 
 IVoviiiciiil Sccrfhiiy. IIi' appciirs as :i violent iK-lor in tlic controvcTsics 
 mill lioslilitics lii'lufcn till' iHilliorilics of New Yoili uml (lie M'lllcrs in 
 till' so-callrd " lliMiipsliiiu {iruniM," now Vcnnoiil. «lio licM lill<>s fioni 
 tlic (Jovcnioi- of Nkiw lliinipsliiiv. clis|HiliMl liy Ntnv YoiU. In tliosc 
 oontrovor.-ii's, llic liinions Ktliiin Allen :iiiiir!us consiiicinMisly iis one of 
 lliu st'llU'i-. His wil'o Wiis a sli'ii-dantjliter of Creiin lliiisli. lirnsli 
 liiid iiiaili' liis way to IJoston in llic aulnnin of I'T.'i, and had so ingra- 
 tiated liini>t'll" with the (leneral, as tn liave llie abuve Inist assigned lo 
 him. Karlv in lli.' next year, in- olitained I'loni (ien. Howe anlliority lo 
 raise in the town a body of lln-ee Inindred loyal volnnteers were 
 
 to servo, lilie the eorps of Hoyal Fencilile AniiMieans ahead 'zed 
 
 in tlie town, on eeilain leiins. .Inst previous to the Kvaenaliua, as wo 
 shall see, Howe <j;ave hiin another coniniission. niwler which ho set an 
 example followed by loo many others, hardly worse, however, than 
 himself, of bri'aliinLr open aMd |iliniderinn liouses ami stores of I'Mrnilnrc! 
 and tioods. He paeked his own s|ioils, lo the v.alne. it was siud, of a 
 hnnilred tholl^and dollars, on board the biieanline Klizalielh. While 
 the heavily laden vessel was ;.lra;_'.i;ling oil', lo join Ihe ileparlinu- Heel, 
 she was eaplnred. with Ihe robbers in her, by the j^^allaiit .Manly, and 
 brought baek to ISoston, eiviiig occasion for a sharp ipiarrel belween the 
 owners of the goods in her and her ca|itois. lirnsh was put in jail, 
 lu'avily ironed, in l!o>lon, .and kepi under rigid restrictions, marked by 
 merited iialiguities, though it would seem that he found means for gross 
 intemporauce. The next year he was joined by his wife, who, after ho 
 liad been iii prison more Ihau nineteen monlhs, contrived, by disguising 
 him in her own clothing, lo enable him, on Ihe night of November 5, 
 1777, to get onl of jail, and, by preparations she had made for him, to 
 ellci.-t his escape to >ew York, lie lirst went to ^'crmont, to look after 
 his lifty thousand acres of land. He fell into further trouble, — his estate 
 was muiulv confiscated. I'lider grii'f .and remorse, he blew out his 
 brains witli a pistol, in .May, 177.S. 
 
 I'KINIlNi; IN llOSTON. 
 
 Willi Iheir pioelanialioMs and nolilicalions of various kinds. Hie 
 lliilish (ieneials furnished miieli mailer I'oi the press iu lioston. lieu- 
 
 
 ■-="*1§^W«^- 
 
fiiKitMf'i.i'. "I" •riiK sir.iiK. 
 
 1()7 
 
 •„,„.v..ll,.„s ,„• >-.oM .1... PM .imlfn,,' npol- llns,,,,,. Um.l to 
 
 ,vn,l. 11,. swMiM.U. :m.l nn, only In u.t out .,f ih. unvn InniM.ir. l.ut 1o 
 
 <.,„.n«i.Uun,.nnM,uv...:,n,l..M,„.lnu,„s„nv,,... 11- H < ''- 
 
 i„ ,„.. llri.i^l. intcrct, .Uuing tU. Si..^., a,,,! brr l.R- ^^:>^ -H 
 icilninizi'il. 
 
 I'KIM I.AMATIKNS IIV (il'.N. (iACK. 
 
 -,„.,rnll,nvi„..-:mfnr:,s..,.,-,.inin,M!„. nrnnl..,-..!', pi. uMl.. l,.v„ 
 
 ,,,,V l.ne 1....M l.,n,,,i-t,.,l l.y u .Wr. t,, giu. iMlnnualioM in l-.n^l:u,.l : -- 
 
 ..in- rm: covkiincu. a tikk i.amatiox. 
 
 .. Th,. Cin.nn.lancv. n,' „„. Inhal,i.an.- nf H,. Tuun m' /;„Ww,, l,.in^ -n,-!, 
 
 .^s -- :..•>-' -^ •"- '"-'■'■'•'■ :"';:';:;::::;. 
 
 rptrtl) 
 
 .,,„,„.„. ll,avMl,uuj;htlil l..i-u,.tln- |,r.n.lamali..n. n.|nHU, 
 ;,,. Nan„.s „f c.v,.,-v lnl.al,i.a,.. in >ai,l T.un ,th,. A.n.y an,i Navy .xcv 
 ,„,nM. lMaca.s or Al,n.Us nn.o Ha. T.un MaJ,as a, 1,U (.m-m 1-;-. 1-- 
 ,.„ „, ,„.,■„,.,. Tlun-.lay n,.v., .la. I'ir.l, ,lay of this In.lant, ,1-Ungn.lnn, .lu 
 Mal.s l-n.m lIi. l-Vn.al.s Nvilli tlu^ir ivspcativ. A-rs. 
 
 .. An,l, I .lo lK.,-cbv fuHla r ......uiro of ,..■„■ INt^om .la,. n,ay lu.m,n,.^.on.o 
 
 i,„„ „.,. Town of JS.MOU, inM,a.,lia.,.ly -MWv .laa,' A.rival, .o ..n.... tlaar ^am,.s 
 
 Ml llai oII'k'c al'oi'csaiil. 
 
 ..(;iN,.n at P.oMnn thr S.^oaJ Day ..f (Ktol,,-,-, 177:., &>■.. &''■ 
 
 ■'THOMAS (;a(;k. 
 
 .. Uy His Kxc.U,.n.-ys fonnnan.l. _^ ^^^^^^^_^^ pi.uCKKl!, ^-..■//. 
 
 .•CdD Save: llic KIN<1." 
 
 ■ l-,,,, ,„„„,,,, „,• i„,„l,i,an.s oil,..,' .ha.. s„l,lio.-s was ..slnnato-l al n.o7;l. 
 „„1 „nl„. M,l,lio,s. will, . hoi.' w,„n.n an,l ohiM.vn. at l;!,0,X). Ihe 
 
 ^■*.«^^l^*^--' 
 
KiS 
 
 ClUiOXIf'I.F, l)K THE SIECJK. 
 
 [x'Ojilo wen' required to bo in llicir lioiisos at. niiu! d'cloeU', .'unl tlie 
 strci't-, uiiirli well' (l:ilk iUiil clMiiLreroiis. uoit |i.Mticilli>(l. A v.ilr liild 
 been passi'il at u towii-iiirrtiiiii- in 177-'!, to piirrh.-ise, in Loiiiloii, llirco 
 hiliKbfil slri'ol laiiiiis. liul they wi'ie on l)ci:inl oiu! iil' tlii' loa-sliips 
 that uiMU a>lioiL' dii ('aiie (Jcid, in 1 )rc('i]ilifi' nl'tliat year. 
 
 lit iKiovM'.s I'lii'.A niif'Ar.s IN lidsroN. 
 
 (Irnrral I'lMi-Lioync lia.l nearly luDn tli-^ lunger stay in the town 
 
 art<-f Cia'je liad j/om'. Id nialiiie iVeely hi- uw n (iiiinions in a ehisef iii- 
 tiniae\\vilh hi- enHeairue. (ien. Howe, tlien in ihu eliief cuniinand, 
 while Clintiiii wi nt over to (,'haileslown. 
 
 In the iiksome eonlinenieiit and inuline ol" irarri-ori lil'e, wherever 
 oflieors ean lind lemale a- iates and friend-, there i- always one 
 resoni'ee, however I'oreed ami tame it may he, which will be -oniiht a- a 
 relief from de-|iondene\ and inaidty. Such of the -I'X in I'.o-ton as 
 iiidnltred toiy liroclivilie-, and -tieh were not laekiiii;. with altiaetions 
 of U'raee and enltnre. re-|ioiided to the <-lforl- of the oMleer- to provide 
 
 a— 'niblie- and danee-. 'I'la -e were held in (' eri Hall, whieh has so 
 
 reci'iilly di-apiieared from tlir -ontherly e(prner of (.'onri and llanover 
 street-, 'riiere were other wnnien ii\ I'.o-lon. who wonlil lake !!(• pall in 
 sneh uiivetie-. In a eohlidenii;ii letter which liurizdyne wrote, .Vu'j;. 
 I'Dlli, to .Vltoriu-y-deiieral TImrlow, he refers with some eonipiaeeney to 
 the lilerarv labors wliii'h had oeeiiiiieil his constrained leisure, as he had 
 lieen •■called upon to draw .a |ien in-teail of a swoiil." " If the procla- 
 mation for t lie e\erci-c of martial law, the eoi ic-poiidcncc with l.ee, or 
 
 the an-wer lo \Va-hin;ilon upon the -nbjcci of rebel pri-o ■-, fall into 
 
 \onr band-. I re(|ne-! you |o con-ider llio-e prodnelioii- with all the 
 allowance- your candor can -ueuct." Ihil the writer i- -ilciit a- to his 
 kindh intended ellorl-. .a- a man of plea-iiiii social iiualilic-. to con- 
 tribilti' to the amii-iunenl of tlie melancholy circle in I'.o-lon. ,\ -cries 
 of llic.atrieal exhibition- wa- ;.:i\en niider hi- direclioii. in l''aii(iuil II;dl, 
 hi (he autumn. On the adjoiiiiuL; pa^'e is a fac-simile of the aniejunca'- 
 meiil of tie li,e_;ed\- of '• /,.aia." which w.'is acted seuial timi's. liiir- 
 eo\nc wioicthi' I'loloiiuc and tlii' l.|iilojuc. the roiiiicr of which was 
 -pokeii li\ I, Old Kasvdoii, .ami the lallci \.\ a Voiiie.; I,id\. ten \cai- ■p|d. 
 
On S A T II R D A Y next 
 
 Will be I'I'RFDRM'D 
 
 By a Society of LADIES and G E N T L K M K N, 
 
 At FAN EUI L-H A LL, 
 
 The TRAGEDY of 
 Z A R A : 
 
 ps 
 
 The Expcnces of the Iloiife being paid, the 
 
 Overplus will be apply'd lo the Benefit of the 
 
 Widows and Ciiildreii ol the Soldiers. 
 
 N„ M.,..cy will l.c talun .t ll.c Uocr. l.ut Tickets u-ill l,e ,l.li- 
 
 \c'ic'.l Tcwh,\ and •lo-iiu.now. between the Hours of !':it;ht 
 
 mul Two, :U iJoctor MoKius's in ScliDol-rtroet. 
 
 PI r One Dollar, GALLERY 
 Ouarter of a Dollar. 
 
 The Doors to be open at 1< I V F: , and be^in 
 precifcly at S I X o'clock. 
 
 » * T 1 C K K r S fiii I'liilay will be taken. 
 
 yminl /\c:v ct Rcgina. 
 
cin:ox[CLE of tiik sikgk. 100 
 
 In tlii'so coiiiposilioMS tlio wrilfi- ptoinl-lmiiiorcilly ri>litiiU's (In- pnplery 
 jiinl I'liritnn scvi.Tily of llio l'>usl<iui:nis, bill nrLics tin' Hi^'li^li Injops to 
 
 " fnllo the warrior's witli Ihn patriot's larc, 
 An-l wliilsl you hiirji to iiiUi-T, wi^h to •«paro.'* 
 
 Wliilo llic miiiu'j: I.'kK's conclii.liiig nil iioiiils lo tlif lumglitino^s ul' 
 
 rclicUioii, :inil l:i.\s it, down tliMl, — 
 
 " lluly 111 fumulo breasts slionM sjlve tlic law, 
 All'l mako cVll love olin.lI'Mlt to I'apa." 
 
 A rofciTnCL' to lliis pcrfonnnnro is rniiini in a Ictlff a.l.hv",<i! by 
 Tlioiniis Sltmlfy — second son of I.opi Derby — to IIii,t,di Klliol. til'tfi- 
 Sliuiloy's ivliini to l!ns|.iii. uliciv lie Imd served on Bnrodyiie's sttitr. 
 [Memoir of ibe Ui.dit ll"ii. llii-li Klliot, liy tlie ('oiinte-.s of :\Iinlo. 
 p. ',»2.] 
 
 "W(! acted the traic.dy ol" /nrn two nio;lits bef.irn I left liost.m, fur llie 
 bonelit of tlie widows and ebiUlfun. 'fhe probj^iie was spol<en by l.-rd 
 Itawden, a line fiUow and •,'oud s,.l,|i.'r. I wisli you knew liim. We 
 
 took abov ■ .it the door. I lioar a frreat many people libime tis for 
 
 aeting.and tliii. we ii.lu'ht l.av iv.iitid sonn'tliin^rbett.'rt. d- but General 
 Howe follows the example r.| f.e Kin : of Prussia, wl.... n eii IVinee Ferdi- 
 nand wrote him a lonif b;ll' . nienliouins all the diilieiilties and ilistresses of 
 the army, sent Imek tif foll.uvinu .Mei,e answer l)e hi gaiete, eneoiv de la 
 gaietc, et tonjoiirs de la gaiety.' The female paiis weiv tilled by y.mng 
 ladius, Ihon-h some of the Boston ladies wore s„ pnidisi. :- lo -ay this was 
 improper." 
 
 Later, in tlie enjnymeiit of these tie < ie:ils. the speetators and tlin 
 nelni-s I'xpeiieiieeil a somewhat rude shock. (Ml the cveiiiiiL;- of ,Ian. 
 8th. ITTli, a farce, called •■The liloekade of l;.i-i..ii.-' was iip.m llie 
 
 stairo in Faneiiil Hall. One of the aebes. > cMiiliiej: a travesty of 
 
 Ci'ii. Wa-liiiejioii. had come in in irrol. • .iray, '\ilh wiu' and ni-ty 
 
 .sword, with a scpiire, in .similar array, carryin.e; a rusty <iiin. .\i this 
 moment a ser.ncaiil rushed in shontinir. "Tlie Yankees arc attacking 
 onr work- on Hunker's llil!."' For a inomeiil this wa- taken lo !ie a 
 pari ..f llie pla\ . Hnl. on lie' next, ( ieii. II. me, ulio w:i- piv-eiil. gaw 
 the order, ■•oHieers. lo \oiir alarm |io:-l>:" I'licre was an inslanl 
 
170 
 
 L'llKOXICLK OF THE .SIKCJi:. 
 
 (•lowaiii;^ MiHl nish to the door, with a Iniiitint; iiiid sliii,.l<iMg of the 
 ttoiniMi. The iiliinn \v!is cmisi'd liy llif cHlwiinsc of Jl;ijor Kiiowltoii, 
 lirMl- Cliarlcstouii >;c(.'lv, whciv he Iki,1 Lmurd mhiu' lioiisos iisfd liy 
 till! ISfitisli, C!m.siii,i; u lui.tilit cMiulhi-nition, liad UiUi'd oiio mini, mid 
 lirouf^ht (iir five prisoiuTs. 
 
 i;kni;u.\i, iiuwf, in command in I'.nsrdN. 
 
 Tlic now coiniiiand.T of llic l>(!sif<ji'd town showed h drsiio to do 
 luiylhiii- witliin liis i-nwiT nud irsourcos to put hi- army into the best 
 condition possible, iiud to be pivpaivd for a canipai.i:!!. or any tMiicr- 
 goncy. But his ciiibarrassnu'iits and disabilitifs proved to be the same 
 as Ga.u'O had eneoiintered. Dnriii.i;- tlie summer and autumn there was 
 prevailing siekness in the town: the hospitals and many private dwell- 
 ings were tilled with sulloiers. poorly ministered to ; and the inhabitants 
 were in a eoiislant state o( distress and alarm. The following proela- 
 mations, issued by the General, exhibit the directions in which his zeal 
 manifesled itself. In a third publication, of the same dale, be forliado 
 any one, who had perniissi..n to leave the town, to take away with him 
 more than livi> pounds sterling. 
 
 "A rilOlb.V.M.M KiN. liy His Kxcelleiiey, the Ib.n. Wm. Howk, Major 
 (Inieral, and ('ommander-iii-C'hief, tte. 
 
 " U'/irmis, it is hereme the indispensable Duly «( every leyal and faitliful 
 Citizen, to centrilaile all in his I'ower for tlie I'lv-ervation of Order and good 
 Covermiieiil within the Town of I'loston: 
 
 " 1 do hereby reeommcnd, that the Inhaliilants do immediately associate 
 themselves, to be formed into Companies under proper Omcers, selected by 
 me, from among the Assoeiators, to be solely employed within the I'ri>cinct3 
 of th(! Town, and Ibr the Purposes diove mentioned. 
 
 "That Uiis Assoeiation be op. iied in the Council Chamber, under the 
 Direction of the Honorable I'el. i Oliv.u-, Foster Hutehinson. and William 
 Urown, Kstiuires: on Monday \Ur thiilieih Day of October, 177.-|, and 
 
CniiONlCLK OF TIIK HU'AiK 
 
 171 
 
 CnllllllU 
 
 saniL' 
 
 ,„| i-orlow l):iys Cniowin-, th:il no ()n,> nmy pl.M'l hrwn-.mco o{ iho. 
 
 "Om uf Ih.. NmiiL.T ul- I'rr.^.ms vnlMiUnrily ruWnws into thi. A-<^<.rh.t,..„, 
 ..II s,„.l. .s ar.. ..M.. to aUcha,-.. tl.« Duty requirca of tl.om, slmll 1,.- properly 
 Annu.l, .n,l au Allo«-an... of Fm.l :m.l l>rovisio„s bo n>:ul,. to tho.o r,-.,u,r,n.:,' 
 tl,. s,u«., .qaul to wl,at is i^^m'.! -o His M^i-ty's Troops witinu tl>o 
 
 "'''(•u'vn at llra.l Qiuirtors in ISoston, tl.is Twonty-^i-htl. Day of Odoli.M-. 
 l'~'>- ••\V. IIOWI'.. 
 
 •■ l!y lli^ Kxn.ll..noysComM,an,l, ., ,.( .liKllT MACKKNZtK." 
 
 -A PHOCLAMATIOX. by His Kxo,.Henry The Honorable Wll.UAM IIowK, 
 
 Major Oiieral an.l CommaMiler in Cliief of all His Majestys iM.rcos 
 
 within the Colonies layin.LC on the Atlantie Oeean, from Nova Seotia to 
 
 West Florida ir.elusiv.', .Ve.. *e., ^-e. 
 
 •• WllKUKAS, several of the Inhabitants nf this Town have lately al,<eon,le.l 
 
 to join, it is ap|„-ehen,le,l, His Maj^'sty's Knemies, a-.'nible.l in op''" 
 
 Kebellion: 
 
 .' I 1),), bv Virtue of the I'ou-er an.l Anlhority in me vested by His Majesty, 
 forbid anv Person or Persons wh, •e^,■r, nol belon-in- to the Navy, to pass 
 ,V„„, heaee by Wat.-r or otherwi-e from the Date hereof, without n>y Order or 
 Permission i;iven in Writing'. 
 
 • > ,VsY Person ..r Persons defeted in tlie Attemi.l, or who may be letaken, 
 upon .sullieient Proof thereof, shall bo lialdo to .Military Exoention: and those 
 .vho eseapo shall bo tro,Ue,l as Traitors, by Soiznro of their Ooods and 
 
 EITeets. 
 
 .. M, Masters of Transp,n-ts or other Vessels sailing from henee. unless 
 „„,,,,. the imtnediato Order of Wann.el (Iraves, Esq., Viee Admir.al ol the 
 While Ae &e .V,'., or . )11ieer eomman.lin."; His Majesty's Ships of War on 
 tlHsSersiee lor Ihe Tone hr\u^. nvr hereby strietly fu'bidden to reeeivo any 
 IVr-un or Persons on Hoard without my Order or IVrmi-^-ion in W ntm-. 
 Any .Master or others deteeted in Disobeyin- this Prorh.mation shall be hable 
 (o -neh Fine and Imprisimment as may be adjud;,'ed. 
 
 ..,;!,,,„ ,a l|,,,d (juarlers in liuslon, this I'weuty-ei-hlh D.iy of (l,-tol,e,-, 
 
 1770." 
 
172 
 
 ciutoMCi.K ()!•' Till', sii:(;i:. 
 
 At tlio end of Xnvi'iiilnr. while the sniiiU-pox \v:is i-aiiiii;^ in tlic town, 
 Ildwc M'lit o\it. to rnilil Shirley .Mini Chelsen. Iiumlreils ol' the ile-liliito 
 inlKiliil.-uil>. with niitliiiiir liut .-i scvinty allowMiiee ol' ruiiiiliii" :iii'l cldtli- 
 ini:'. Ill' h:nl L;i\('ii (inlers i\>i tlie di'striK-tioii of one of the meeting 
 lioiises of tlie tciuii, anil a large niniiber of lioiisos ami barns, for fnel ; 
 anil, as ailvantage was taken of this oiilcr by the soldiers for private 
 devastation, ho issued a waiiiing against such wanton inisehief. The 
 I'rovost was connuissioiied (o go his ronnils, .attended by exeentioiiers, 
 and at onee to hang detected olfenders. It was umler the stress of sueh 
 eireninstances that the folhjuing was issned : — 
 
 "A PROfl.AMATIOX, by His Kxeelleney the Una. Wm. Hnwi'., Mitjor Cen'l 
 and Comniaiiiler in Chief, &e. 
 
 " Wiir.itlCAS, the present and ajipreaehing Distresses of many ef (he Inhal)- 
 ilants in tln' 'fown ef linsten, freni the .s^eareity and high Prices of Provisions, 
 Fuel, and other necessary Articles of I-ite, can only be avoided by permitting 
 them to go where they may hope to procnre easier Means of Subsistence : 
 
 " Notice is hereby given, that all those sulVcring under the above-mentioned 
 Circumstances, who chuse to <lcpart the Town, may give in their Names, 
 Abode, Nnmbei' ami Names of those in family, Klbils, &c., that Passes nuiy 
 be made out, eoulbrmablo to Regulations already established. 
 
 " (liven at ib'ad (Quarters in lioston, this sixth Day of November, 177.'). 
 
 "W. IIOWK. 
 " liy His Kxeidleney's Cnuun.uid, 
 
 " KOlil'-UT .MACKKNZli;." 
 
 So the dreary winter passed with the besieged forces. They felt in- 
 creasingly all the humiliations of their condition, and were waiting for 
 the spring, for reinforcements, and for dccisiv(' orilers. to meet the con- 
 tinui'Ucics of the fnlurc. The result of the bnld ; iid I'll'cctivi' measures 
 of the provincial army in tin' occupatidu nf the heights of Dorchester, 
 as given in the preceding address, may lie accoini)aiiied here by scnue 
 incidental details. 
 
CIUtON'ICLE OF THE SIIOGE. 
 
 173 
 
 TMK rC.Nl-KACT VOV. THE EVA.TATION AM. SAVKTV OF lUlSTON. 
 Thr uu.l.TMM„ain- a„.l i1m' hnpH^nl covnanl bctwo.!! tho l^clli-cvnt., 
 «luH. s.v..a Hostun IVoM, b.in;.' bon.bnnl.M or IxMno.l, whilr s.rMnng 
 its ..v,KM,ation bv tlu. Britisb (brcos, wcmv. hI tl,.. tbnc. w.U ,UHlw,ln.„l 
 o„ tbis .i,U. oC the wM.T. Tlu. -„.as.,n.s to dlbct Ibc d.siro,! ol.jo.l w.re 
 co,ubu-t..d bv the M.b.<.t,„.n of the town, at the instigation of the ren.nant 
 „ftlu. ,n.1ri.,tie inhabitants and owners and gnardians of Hk- fn-l-ity •>' 
 it Their ai.prehensions of eala.nity attael,ed eqnally .n tlu- i„..bable 
 oonrse wldeb iniglit be adopted by either party ; the patriots , night destroy 
 „,e ,„wn for the sal<e of .b-iving ont the enetny, or the enen.y nngbt l,urn 
 „,, „„,,. i„ ,,,venge tor being eon.pelh.d to leave it. AVasbington and 
 the British eotnmander eonld bold no direet otiieial eorrespondenee o,. 
 the snbjeet, for the latter, holding t., his resolve not to reeognt/e any 
 title or rank that was not derivcl iron, the ki.ig, wonld not address 
 Wa.hin-ton aeeording to tl,e terms wbiel. Congress ha,l enjoined as the 
 reqnisite eon.lilion for sneh ollh'ial .-orrespondenee. A vain attempt 
 ,vas afterwards made by a British olli,-er to reeo.u-ile the Atnenean e,.n,. 
 ,„,>„der to bein- addressee! -Ceorge Washington, ^e., ^e., ^e..' on 
 the plea that those H a-ten, wonhl b.elnde cc.rjthhm. AVaslungton re- 
 plied tliat thev niiuht also inelnde (tii'jthliKj. 
 
 Captain Irvnu., with six other juMsons, had eseaped frotn Boston on 
 ,l,e nhdd ol Mareh .Hlh, an.l reported the aetivo work in progress for 
 .nd,arki.,g the British IVaees. A Hag ea.ne ont of BoMoi, the same 
 evenin..-. bearinu' the bdlowing paper, withont any addr..s>. tlmugh ,n- 
 l,.nd,.d for Washington. an,l signed by fonr of the seleetn.en. dated. 
 Boston, « Mareh, 177.') : — 
 
 ..As Bis ExeellenevCenerallb.we i. determined to l,.avo the town uith 
 the troops nmler his .-onunand, a nnmber of the respeo.able inhalntants 
 l,oi,„.verv anxious lor its preservation and salety. have applied to Cenerd 
 K„l,:;,-tson lor this pnrpo.e, wl,.,, at Iheir re,,ne.t. has eommnnieated the 
 satne to His Kxeelleney Ceneral llowe, who Ikh a.Mne.l hbn that ho ha^ no 
 intention of destrovit.g the town, nnless the troops nnder Ins ..onnnaud are 
 ,„„l,.sted dnring Iheir en.barkation, or at their departure, by the armod loree 
 ,vi.hon.; whiehdoolaralion he gau. . 1. nond l!ober.-on leave ,o eonnnnn.eale 
 „ „,, i„|,abilanl., If <ueh an opi.o-ition shonld take plaee, we have the 
 
174 
 
 ClUtOMCr.E OK TIIK SIF.f;!".. 
 
 greatest reason to oxpect the town will be exposed to entire deslrnetion. 
 Onr fears are cinieled willi rc>i;ard to Heiiei-al Howie's intentions. Wo bejj we 
 may liave sone- assnrance tliat so dreadful a ealamity may not be bron;;lit on 
 by any measures witliout. As a testimony of tlie Irulb of the al>ove, we have 
 sifined our names to tins paper, earried out by Messrs. Thomas ami Jonathan 
 Amory, and I'eter ,)ohomiot, wlio liave at llie earnest entreaties of the inhab- 
 itants, tliroiigh tlie I.ieutenant-dovernor, solieitod a flag ol triiee for this 
 
 purpose. 
 
 " John- Scoi.i..\Y, TiioM.vs -Mausii u.i,, 
 
 Timothy Nf.wi-[,i., S.\mlel Alstin." 
 
 Tliis i)apcr was taken to the Koxlmry lines by Major Hnssett, of tlie 
 Teiilli IJegimenI, and i:iv<'ii to Colonel Learned, who earried it to liead- 
 (juarters. On his relnia he wrote tlic loUowing reiily to the bearers 
 
 of il : — 
 
 " Kdxnrnv, H Mareli. 1"7(). 
 
 "(ii-.Nri.i'.Ml-.N", — Aijreitably to a promis(' made; to you at tlie lines yester- 
 day, I waiti'd upon His Kxeelb'iiey (Jeneral Washin^'ton, and presented to 
 him tlie jiajier handed to me liy you from the .Seleetmen of lioston. The 
 answer 1 reeeiM'il fioin liim was to tliis clfect; That as it was an unaullieiili- 
 ealed paper, without an aildi'ess, and not oblij^atory upon (ieneral Howe, ho 
 Would take no notieo of it. 1 am, with esteem ami rospeet, (Ji^ntlenien, 
 " Your most obedient servant, 
 
 "EHKXKZKIl LKAKNKl). 
 " To Messrs. Amohv and .Ioiinnot." 
 
 The answer of WashiiiLiton was in eoiiformily witli the advice «{' sueli 
 oeneral ollieers as he e<inld inimedi.ately suinniciii. wlio an'reed with liiiii 
 that, as the paper lacked the jiiiaianty of Ceiieral Howe, lie eoiikl not 
 be held by it to any terms of oblioation. None the less, Imwi'ver, was 
 "Wasliinglnii williiio to act in eoiiformily with the arian,i;eiiieiit, thoiish 
 lie watehed the enemy most rijiiilly dnrin<5 the embarkation, ready to 
 avenge any wanton miseliief on their part. The last token of Howe's 
 preseneo in tlie town is in llie following: — 
 
 " Hv His ICxeelleiiey William HoWF., Major Oeneral, &e., &e., iSre. 
 
 "As Liniien and Woolen (loods are .\rtieles miieli waliteil by the Ibdiels, 
 and would aid and assist them in tlieir Uebidlion, the t'omniander-iu-t'liiof 
 expeots that all j^'ood .Subjeets will use their utmost Kiideavors to have all 
 
■ CllHONICMO Ol'^ TIIK SIKfiK. i>-* 
 
 such urtid,.s ™„v..,HfV,„n .his Ha... Anv «h„ Ik.vo „„t . )ppur,uni.y to 
 
 convoy thei,. (I U .„„],■,■ .h.i.- ,.wn C.n., ,n:,y a.liv,.,- .hen ,m 1..U-, .!>« 
 
 I.,i„e;va, at Iluhbanrs AVha.-r. „. Cvan Kv,.h, Ks,,, n.a.-U , w,.h .h, 
 JCan,c.s.«howiU;:ivca(>ni.i.a.. of .ho IVlivory, a,,,! w,ll ohl,.. h,.,,..!! 
 ,„ ,.,,„,„ „„.„. to .ho ONV.HTs, all ,mavoi,laMe Aooidcl.t. ..x.h.,..o.1. ^ 
 
 .. I,; alto,- this Nolioo, any I'orson soorotes <»• koo,.. m his l'o>sossioa suoh 
 A.-ticl'os, ho will be ti'oato.l as a Kavoiii-oi- ..f Kol.ols. 
 
 "liDSTdN, Maroli lii.h, 1770."' 
 
 II..,o again wo havo n.-oginzod the olllcial agonoy of Mv. Umsh, 
 whose eaiooi- has been brielly skelehed above. 
 
 TllK l.K.\Vl>rAKlN(i AND KMISAKKA TK iN. 
 The IV.llowin^ exin.o.s fVon, Bn.ish sources give ns an.hon.io in- 
 n.rn>ation conoenung the last clays ot the oee.,pa,u.y of Boston by to 
 ,„,,, ,,.,v. Abnon-s " Ke.no.nb.-aneo.- (Vol. HI., PP- lOG, lu,) pnb- 
 liJhea a lotto.- ■• no,n an ollicet of ais.inotion at Uo.ton lo a person n. 
 London." nnUer .lates IVom Maroh :ld lo lo.h. 
 
 .. „„,,, ;w._ For these last six weeks, o.- near two months, we I.ayo been 
 bettor a,nnsea than conld possibly bo expootod in onr si,>,a.i..n. No had a 
 thoatre, wo had balls, and there is aotnally a sabsorip.ion sot ,.-. loo. h. .v 
 .„asque,-ado. Kngland soe.ns to have ..,g..t us, and we have on oavo,. to 
 ,or. 't ourselves ; but we wore vousod to a souse of our p.-ose„t s.tuafon las^ 
 „i,;,, in a n,annor .u.ploasant .-nou,!.. The rebels have boon, lor some t.mo 
 „.rst orootin.^ a bomb ba.tory, and la>t night boga.i to play upon us. [ ron 
 l^elnnoro-s^oint.] Two shots IVll not iar fronnno. .h,o loU ,,,.m Odono 
 Monoklou's h,n,so, and broke all the windows, but lu.-kily d,d not b.n-st td lit 
 i,,l ,,„ssod the street. Many houses wo>-o daun.god, but no livos lost. Wo 
 ..p...t some earoassos to-night, if the lear of destroying .hoir own property 
 .U,os not prevent it. What n.akos tins mal.or nroro p.-ovok,ng >s that hoa 
 ,.u-raoks are so soa.torod, an,l at suoh a di>.anoo, that we oan t d.sturb them. 
 ,Uhough iron, a bat.o,-y .,oar .ho water side .hoy .-an r,-aol. us easdy 
 
 .. M„rckUk.-l( son.othing is not speedily done his B>-,.ann.o Majesty s 
 A.«enean do...inions will probably be eo..lined wi.hb. a ve,-y narrow eon.pass. 
 tL rebel army is not b,-ave, 1 bolievo, b..t it is ag.-eed o,. all ha., s ,at .he,r 
 „,illorv ollioers a,-e at lo.ust equal to o..r own. I., the ....n.bor ot .^hoUs that 
 U„.y Hung last ..ight ..ot above three failed. This n.or..i.,g we dung tour, 
 and three of the... burst in the air. 
 
17() ciiKiiMcr.K OF True sif.gk. 
 
 •• Miirrh .".//(. — Tliis is, I 1 
 
 I believe, liliely tn pnive as iiiipiufiint a cliij- to tlio 
 lli-ilisli eiiipli'c^ as liny in our annals 
 
 We nnilerwent liist niaht a very si^vero 
 
 cannunado, wliieh ilama^'pil a nnnilier ef li..M.^es, ainl Uilli'il s..nie men. 
 Tliisniornin;;, atdayljreak, wiMliseovere.l twci re.loulitsiiii the liilU (in Dor- 
 chester I'oirit, and two smaller works on their llanks. TliiT were all raise.l 
 .lurln;; the ni-lil, with an expedition cMpial to that of the irenii hehm-iiii: to 
 
 Aladdin's wonderful lamp. 1m i these hills tliey eomnianded tlie wiiolo 
 
 town, so that w.> mnsi drive them from their post, or desert the jjlaoo. Tho 
 InrmiT is determined np..n, and live rejfiuients are already embarked. A 
 body of li^'lit infantry, under the eommand of MaJ.ir Musgrave, an execdh'ut 
 offlecr, and a \io<ly of grenadiers, are to eml.ark to-night al seven. 1 tliink it 
 is likely to be so far a general allair, that we .shall take our share in It. 
 Adieu, balls, ma.s<iuerades, &e., for this may be looked upon as tin; opening 
 of tho campaign. 
 
 " It is worth while to remark with what judgment th(^ loaders of the rebels 
 take advantage cd' the jirejudiees, and wcn'k upon tho passions .d' the mob. 
 This.'ithof Mareh is the aimiversary of what they rail the liloody Mas.saere, 
 
 when, in (I think) 17(i'.), the king's troops lired on the people in the .sti ts of 
 
 lio.stou. If ever they dare .stand us, it will be t.>-day ; but I hope to-morrow 
 to be able to give yon an aeeonnt id' their dcd'eat. 
 
 " ^farck (;//(. — A wind more violent than anything I ever lieard prevenled 
 onr la.-t night's purposed expedition, and .so .saved thc^ lives of tliousands. 
 To-day they have m.-ule themselves too strong to make a dislodgment possi- 
 ble. We are under their tir(^ whenever they ehoose to begin ; so lliat we are 
 now evaiMiating the town with llie niniost expedition, and are leaving behind 
 
 us half onr worldly g Is. Adieu I 1 hojie t.i .'mbark in a few hours. 
 
 ••J/a/-'Vi ?(/(. — When the tran.sporls eame to be examined they were voi.l 
 „f l„,|li pro^ish.ns and forage. If any are got on board to-day it will be as 
 mueh as ean be done. Never wre trooi)S in so disgraeefid a sitnalh.n, and 
 that not in the least onr own fault, or owing to any woit of skill "r di<erelion 
 in our commanders, but entirely owing to tireal Kritain being fa-t .-i^leep. I 
 pity general Howe from my scul. 
 
 " .Vairh 'Mh.— T, a.i^imrt. I have .slept one night on board ; the- troops are 
 endiarking as fast as possible. I mistook when I imagined the works already 
 made eouM destroy the town; but the rebels po.ssess a hill .so silnaled, that 
 if thev pleased to erect a battery it would entirely consume us. They as yet 
 have not procee.lc.l to make a w,.rk, nor do they attempt to nioh'sl us i>i our 
 embarkation. It appears as if there were at least a tacit agrccm.Mit b.,4ween 
 Washington and (Jcneral Howe 
 
 ashington and dcneral Howe. 
 
 •',1/are/» lo(/i. — To-day the horse transports are ordered to piUl down 
 
 to 
 
( IIIMINK I.K OF IIIK SlKCr.. 
 
 r 
 
 ru.ll,. William, :il-..rt.l..uMh. M,il.- IVon, tli- tuw„ i„ ..uri -i"": H 
 
 K.n.l- llw luul...r, :u,a th.' tn.u|H „nw h.Tr will .■mb.rk tl..' U-t. 1 h- 
 
 ,,.„v.l IVuM, .1,,. .nun i. ... 1 v..,v,l by :v largo l.-lv •'( fjnn.uli.Ts :..M 
 
 li.rl„ i„la„lrv, Mn.l .!..■ .-..h ,n..l ll.' I'-'h U,..'i,n..Mt.. VU. r..u-...v, :, u,:m ..1 war 
 oftwcntv-isrlit-inH, .■mers tlu. rKiva. l.y waf.r. A l.arlo.| ,. m ^ail. iH'ai. 
 „.s„„nasll,.annvis ..l,.ar of .!,.• t,.WM; s., ,,„l,al,ly I shall ,„.. Inv. U M. 
 „u- iM.wrr U. inlorm v,.„ wl,..|l„r w. ar. aUaH>..l in '-nv r-ln.at or M..1. 
 '.. V„„^^^^^ /.V„/, .l/.nv/, 17//,.-<M,r rWn.al «a, u.a.l.. llns n,..r,UM- 
 
 ,,Hw,...n th,. l,o„rs of ,w,. an.l -i^rlH. Onr ,P.,.,- .li.l n„> , .iv .1,.. M„a lost 
 
 ,„-!, ,1„. r..l...ls w.Mv all ..i-M at wrU ..n tlu' nrar lull, ami w« 
 
 j.iir twiMily-r.'in-i)..iiii(li'rs. 
 
 ni.il.'-tatii.n, ill. I 
 
 ki'i.l a r..ii.la„l lin^ uih.Ii tli.-m, rn.m a balt.Ty of f.' 
 
 Tl.,.v.lMii... ivliin. a mii.'I.- >Ii..t. ■' wa- lu-ky f..r .!..■ iiiliahltanfs now lolt in 
 
 ]»o.ion .lu.v .li.l n..t. r..r I an, iiilonn...! ovrylliiii"- «as ,„v,,ar,..l f. s.t tlio 
 
 ,.,wn in a i.la.,. lia.l tli.y lir...l ..ii.' .•annon. Tli,. ,lra-...ns aro nn.l.r <'y^rr. 
 
 ,„ ,,il „.ni,.rn,w tor llalilHx. a ,iii>,..l. ...1.1. wiiilrv pla,-.. .v.M, T..t. N.^h- 
 
 i„„ ,„ ,.at, l,.s. to ,lrink. Ua,l .in...<, my .L-r fi-ml- Tlio ,li>pl..asiin. I l.-l 
 
 ,,;;„ ,1„. vorv small sl.aiv 1 W..r in ..ur |..v<,-n. in-i.„ili.'an..y i. so ^iva. .Hat 
 
 I ,lon-t KiL.w .1,.. ihin^ so ,l,.s,„.ral.. l.ouM no, uiLWlak,. m ..nl.-r to 
 
 I'liaiigo onr siluali.ni.' , 
 
 , '< 1 1 1 iiw ^' \ liaison. .'or fr. nil llo-stoli 
 
 Fnnn 111.' •■ l!i'in<.mliiaiii-i'r. 111.. Ii'«. a pa^^. o.-> ' • 
 
 jjivos till' fol|..uiii;j: iiccoiinl " : — 
 
 „On tin. s...-.,iM ..f Manh H- P-vin-ials l..-;:ai, ... l...nibai-.l .li.> 
 
 t„wn from a ,.la. all,.! n,ip,s' Karm. ami ,.n .1,.. .hinl .h..y ..,..a„..l a 
 
 .,,„,„„, ,„„„,,„„ „„r,.l„....r Ni-k. wlii.-h annoy,.,! .h,- army .n Ini^U- 
 
 On .11,. ,illu. .;..n. How,. ,.mharU..,l six ,v,im..n.s .-, a,.a,.k lliis l,a....ry , but . 
 stron.^ ,.as.,.rlv wiml an-,.v,.nnii, .l„. m-'U-o.^war „-..iii ,-..v,.ri,„ or sup,,..r.in. 
 t,„.ni.it was\li.ni.lit inlvisuble to .lesisl. Tli. n..s. .la> 1.,. iv.i-"-l the 
 a„..„,p.. but louml tin. w,.rk .o str.mg that he rCmaual without lIV^uik any- 
 U,i„,. 1,1 .1,,. n„.,n tini... .1... pr..vinmls ha.l thrown .u-ar a lin,i,lr,.,. b.imb. 
 i„to"h,> town, ami In.-l with ..onsi,le,-abl,. ..x..i..i"n lV..n. .h-ir biUfnT- <.""• 
 „„„.., thorelbiv. g..t .some ,.f th. ..U..,.,,,,.,, to ,o out ,o (;.■». \V ash,n,.oii to 
 „,.,,,„ ,„„ „.at. if lirinj: ■•.'"tinnial, he must s,.t lire t,. the town to eove,- his 
 
 ,.,.t,,..at. Tw ■ .1..: s,.lee.,m.n ivturmMl, an,l having e,.m,n,.m.,l wuh (.en. 
 
 ll„we, went ba,'k, ami th,. tiring iii,im'.liat,'lye,.as,.,l. , ,. . 
 
 . (,.„, „,„,, „„„ ,„,..n his e,nharUation. Th,. refu.ve mhaln.a.its w.-n 
 tU-s,, not bein^ siit>Vr,.,l to eanw anything bn. maa.ssaries. 'llu- .m.r.ars a,,,l 
 
 h,...vvartin,.rv,.onl.l m.t 1 mbarke,! ; these, .lu.ivtor... .h,.y ..n,.anu-,.,lo 
 
 ,_i.,_.,,.;,i„g,h,.m.UI, wi,hp,.w-,,,.r,a.,,l,i,angit,.t). Uu. thi, .h,l 
 
ITS 
 
 (;lll!(lNU'I-I" OK Tin: SlKfiK. 
 
 „„, .,„.«,.,• llH.ir vvi-1,.-. ■ri»-y ,.tlnM,.l..l ul... ... .l.'sm.y all th.^ Muall arnw 
 
 ,„.,nn.nn.' t,. Ilu' t..wi.. Wl.il" On. w.-rk was ^n,i„^r ..... a cU.s...-t,..- In,... .1... 
 
 ,,,.,vi:..i,U ..ai.,,. i..n..w.l .;.■... H..W...... .!..• l.-lOl-t .;,.„. Wasl.i,,^...,. 
 
 was ,,.v,.a,i..- t...- a ^.■...•.■al s....'.... fp.." this i....'!!!;:.'...... tl.,- <;....-.-al a...l 
 
 uU the t.-....l.^ ...........lial.^ly ,.ml.a.U...l, l..a<i..K tl..r a.-.ill.'.T. slovr., ,•!<■.. 
 
 .Imi.a-'e.l .-..Iv, as il„. l....-.-y ;....! .•.,»|-um<... "....l.l p.^rmit. 
 
 .. 1, „„«• u,.,,..a.v,l, l.v .1..' „...v.........ls ..111..' ,..-..vl..cial an..y, .l.a. tl.-y won, 
 
 ,.Ki...' sta.i...,s „,„,.. II..- a...l N...MU'-s Islan.ls, a.,.l l..-..,,a,'i..^' L. atta.^k 
 (•.,-,1^ Willia.,,. ir .li.'v l.M.l s..,T.-..l,.,l i.. tl.is, ll..'y W....1.I l.av.,. I.a.l ll... com- 
 
 „;„„,„.■ li,..,.... ha.l...,-. :....! .l.'M. ■..>.■.! tl- "'-I. •■-'• """■"■ ""■""'"•"• f - 
 
 ,„,,„„,.,, „„, ,,,„,, ,„, (■,-.!.■ \Vniia...,a.,.l .1..... r..ll .!..«.. wi.l, .Iw wl.,-1., i\v..t 
 
 i,„„ V;,„task..l .'..a-l. wl.i..|. is a.. ..p.-. a.,.l .■xp..s...l sta.i..,,. Tl..' ......spo.-.. 
 
 ,v,.,v .....s.lv s.„all M.l...,...n-s. .....!.•.• H.-' p.-.>f.'li.... ..I' iL.v.' ....-..-..l-wa.-. 
 
 M:..vl. is 111.. .....St lr.„|..-l....i.s....i..ll. ..nil.' \.'a.-..i...n th.! Amc-i.'a.i n.asl, 
 
 *s„ ll.at witl.....l a i..i.;..l.' tl.is wivt.-i.,.! ll,-,.! ....ist 1..^ ,lis,....-s,.,l a...l l.,st. It 
 
 is iini.ussil.l.' ll.at i.i...-.' fviMits Ill .■oi.c.ii- I.. ron.U'.- lli.i.' '.li-tr.'ss o.m- 
 
 ,,,,,,,, ,„„i |i,„i, ,„i., alm..>t i...'^ ilal.).'. Tl..' l.'.->..s "f af.M-..,.n„.|.t iM'tw,-,... tl..^ 
 
 tw..(;.M.r.-,-.lsW.Mv MV.V.; I.... it i-i.l.p..s.M tl.at ..otl.in- was t.. l.avc 1 n 
 
 .1,.sI.'..v.m1, a.i.l tl.Ml (l,i,l.iv:.H. ..lit .l.'l.>.-...i.i.Ml (la' l..-..viii.'ials I., cil.r ll.u 
 li.w.i siKi.iiM- thai, was iiitci..!.'.!." 
 
 •• Ciwhri.l,!.; M„,r/, J7. - A1.....1- ...Ih'.- ,-nin,.i...liti.'S l.,-l....j:ii..- L' H..' lato 
 ,.M.iis..n al U..>l..... w.' I,a^.• --t i1..m.' ...•.l.'.-l.v-l.....k, l.y whirl, it api-'ai's tl.at 
 (";,.... How ha.l r,.-.7.-. olVe.Mivo ....'... .■N.-lusiv,. ..I' th,' staiV. so tl.at with 
 Ihu i..a.-i...-s a.i.l sailois ho mi-;hl l.o ......si.lr.T.l as p........ sli-,...-." 
 
 I'inii, ai. ..Ili.'.M' ..!■ a ship.or-«a.'. !'...slnii hail..).\ Ma.rh ■.':■.: — 
 
 .•Tl,.' hav -warms with A......ir;ui piivalr.M-, hat w,' hop,. I., pi-..tc,t lla. 
 
 „.;,„>po,is, whi,-h a.v .lailN .•S|,.-t-.l iVon, Ih. W,-. la.li.'s. a.,.l t.- >.....l t!...., 
 
 smI.' to llalilax." 
 
 .•KM,-;,,.! „r a l.'tln' 1V,,.„ l!.,sl..... His Mai,.s.y's ship Chatham, 
 Ma.cl. 21. 17711. " (Ahi...... 111.- 1"7) ■ — 
 
 ...,.|„, ,,.,,.„. of lh,.tn.ops IV,.... Il>i--a.ns..n .-a......! fail to !„■ .lillV.vally 
 
 ,.,.p.vs...,l,.,l i., K..-la„.l. lmwhhl.,v.s„.. 1 l,av,. foua.l ti.,.,., IV..„. ...... pvat 
 
 ,,.,,rv. t., .iv.. V..1. so.,.,. ar,.,.,..it ol' il. 1.. th. li.-t plan., Ih,. (;....,..'al ...'t 
 
 m.,.ivi.,- a„v h.|t,..-s ,..■ ,l,.spaf,l.,.s IVoi.i -ov,..-.....,.|.t siar,. tl... .....I'lh' ot 
 
 (),.t„l,.., ,„..l,l ..,.1 fail ■ f ...akii.'jr .•v,nho,lN srvs ...aa-y. I( h.ok,..l as ,1 wo 
 WO.-0 loa .i.-.i...l.M.. P" ..,.:..fal,a.lM.,ap..,.swo lik...l i.,.>t. On.-p.-,.- 
 vi«io„s h.lli,.g sh,„-t, a.hlo.l I., ,....■ .li>.....t...,ls Tl„. n....| alh...h..l ..s ..- 
 
 ~ V 
 
( iii;()M( i.i; or Till', sir.ci!' 
 
 IT'.t 
 
 ■ii-'ii 
 
 , .1.,, ,|„.,„ u. ,li....i.li...l as .,Mr,,.lv.-. TlH. prHvinri.l. wIm. kn.w . vutlv 
 
 „„. ,,., ■ MM,- jiaiTi-n, huras-,.l n. Cnm, .l„.iv Imtfri,.., witl, an i„„..., • 
 
 „.aUn. „,.,■ , ,>1. M.n. ,li-:.i-ll.-M in 1,„, f .l--'n..n. Hn.l.n, -o 
 
 ,„.nl,al,ili.vnfM„„,l.v,an,l,h lin, .1, - Un.l.T , Ma, . "a 
 
 II,,,,,.],, ,nM,.n. loMin.U, lW~lM,.smnltu .,.,.« I,.,t« uM. On, no,, 
 
 ,.,,; |„„,h.n..,l wi,l, innuM.,,,. ,H-,.ni...,l n. U. sav. .„,„.. >l,„-.., a„,l a,nn,n- 
 
 nuiun, ,h,. .i,i,.. lu^M-Pi - -" -'•" -'""^^ ^ ;';;' "''"' r^'T!-.^ 
 
 cuTi:,.... Tin. ,v<t,la,n-nn-yto .,y,w,. w..„. ol,l,„.,l,.. 1,. .>■! 1- 
 
 S,„.|, „r,l„' •/„„> a, hv ,li.n,an.lin;r w. nl.i th.-ovv int.. ll,.' -:,. »:- 'I""" - . 
 
 Lesw,;,,. ■ .- -,.,. a... a., ■'■;;'; ":'^;"r; 
 
 ,ln,U...an,ir.„na„ „s ,„ ..,.U.l..v „„.„,.,■.. .n.in. L. .!,.• fanM-..-^ 
 
 ,.,,.in.. „„.i,- K .,v. hi, hn...ansM.vwal or, hnvess..^ «•..,■., 
 
 ,,ln,..: p-iv pn.p..nyin. ••"•""■^"--;7-„„^^;;r 
 
 u oi;..,., i,.,.n,,.),.,n.Mi,.|,n..M„.. ^' '';-''■''-''-"' ^^^ ;\ 
 
 s.n..s «.■,-.■ l.O in llH' h-l'ital. ■n,.. n.nrnMon, nnavonla ,!,■ on .„. 1, a 
 
 X :.,■,•. wiii„,al..^..n.... i... ■n,„d.m„>ti„.On..„twl,..,-,.,.vo,-ynau 
 
 ;I;,;.. ,,^a„ ,.on,.i.,-n. Tl„. ...„■>• -a,-,, an.. .n-l,v-~ of .1,,. w.,m.n. 
 
 H.n,,;v„.siH<a,,a .,,,,,., .,..l.,v,,.i,-.M,-v,.,-va..M:n,,.,., hat ..a,,.^^ 
 
 Uwa.no.liU..h,v:,Uin,n,,a..an„.,uh,.,.,.,.,.,-yn,anK, -"-'"> 
 
 UK.,h,,a,-,in.v.,n, ,n„„-. ui,h y.n,- wi... v.an- -.na,,,. yon,- , h.,h 
 
 ' , • iViiM','- will, let 111.' .I,<?,'a.-.'<'t 
 
 f,„-nh„,'.,.,a,„lally..n,-„,.n„.hn>n..-. Ih.., ,»n ^ 
 
 ,„.,„,h,.v.,.,.-han,i,...o,. .„........•,.,.„ .„., a... .h,.nvan.a.... ..!,.• 
 
 1.;,. ,i,..i.s a,,,, w..,-,. ...pt .V..,n Plnn.h.,- a,n. ...■i,,U .i,h ,.,.U,a -y :, ha,. 
 
 ;:;,e.u;Uon, a,v no. v.-y .an.nin-. ■.•.„■ n....... show., ns Wa. ,.an on 
 
 „s a.. ..,e so...i,.rs ,.,!„.. thon.s,..v,.s h.t.aye,.; ..„• o.h-,. al hla 
 
 1. V,,,i,.,l,v, a,.,, s..,,,- .,-,,..... .as-- is,, ,,i^.-l.y. --a,..,.; ., 
 
 „,,,, „„„.,, a,,,. .K.U. or the ,,oo,.l- a, h,nn-. 1. we la,-, as ,1. al I .i.,.ax 
 ,v.. have ..one U.r. .ato.y. I IVav w.- sha.. .,av.. gn-a a.sertion, as (..o op,,,,- 
 tunity wi.l l)e i„.',-f c.nveniont." 
 

 180 
 
 CIIIIONICLE OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 r.oSTDN lI.MIllHli IJKdl'KNi:!). 
 Tlu. H.n.,nn. niau-of-w.,-. w.s stati..,,.,! nl X:.nl„>Ket to -nurd tl,e 
 harluH- MM.l to "am mV lian^l-orls. aiul was a -ivat annoya,,... i.i piv- 
 v,.,>li„.. «„o,l an.l 'annlKT coast.Ts and ullicr vosscl. IVon. snirl.vi"g 
 li„su,n Mill, n..,v>sari.s. It was .tsoIvo.! that tins tmiihU.^.m.o objoct 
 shoMia l).-nt rid ,.r. O.i tl,.. tunnuu- nl- .Im,. i:!lh .Ifafts IVmu th. 
 „,,n,,s in and near tlu. town, a drtadnnrnl from Col. Crafts' tra.n of 
 .HtiU.TV. Willi ..mu. militia fron tlK- n.adiborhood. nmonntin- in all to 
 ,1,„„, 'six lumdtv,!. ,n,d,r .•otnmand -f (..n. I.inrMn, ^vcM,t to I'oh.t 
 Aldrrton. I'.Mticks. and ..tl.cr nndilM.vin- islan. 'nicy vigorously 
 
 l.nmbanlcd and cannona.lrd lli<' <a,cmy, on.' of th, i.nl iiirrcin- the 
 
 Conuno,l..rc.'s ship. Tlw atlarl< was s„ snddi' id nnh.nUr.l for that it 
 
 cans.-d the lairmy i:.va' rn,il\,Mon. Withnni niakin- any resislamM. tlio 
 K..110WU slipped or c-nl her cables, ami pnt to sea after sending men in 
 b„;,ts to .lesln.v the li-ht-honse. She was followed by twelve sail of 
 other lllilish ships, ei-ht of uhieh were ivpoiled to be transports with 
 Ilinhlaml reeruits. The I'ort of I'ostoii was tints opened just two years 
 ;ilter it was elos..! by parliamentary e.liet. As soon as this .'Veiit 
 oe.airre.l the first frnils of the prowess of the provincials were realized. 
 A continental sclmnuer ehas,Ml into the harbor two transports, which, 
 with the help of forts on the 'slands. were captnred and brond.t to 
 lioston. The transports c.ntained two hundred and twenty Highland- 
 ers, with their Colonel. Archibald Campbell, and Major Mcnzies. The 
 M„jor was UiUed in the action, and was buried willi tnililary honors 
 from Trinity Church. Tlie Colonel, who attended as chief monrner, was 
 sent as a iirisoiier to reside al Kcadin- .and Concord. 
 
 liKflltr nl- Tin: KV.SCIA'flON- IN ICMiLAM". 
 
 The announeem.'Ml in Kiiiiland of the evacnalion of lioston was 
 
 ....ceiNcd with aniazenienl and consternation, and with the shaipest 
 
 ,.,,„~nrcs on the mana-einenl of the war, min-led will, launls and sar- 
 
 ,,:,.,„s. lioslon had ( nca;.:. d the hopes and fears of the minislry. and 
 
 tin; pcopl'' "I' l'->i-l.ii"l- " ''^"' '"■''" 'l-'^'-'''''''''' •'" ""■ """"1"''''" "'■ 
 America, and the liead-.iuarlcis of rebellion. As sneh it had been 
 
CimOXlCI.K OF THE SIKCiK 
 
 181 
 
 chosfM ;.s tho c-Mtro f<'r tlir operation of all purliniiKMiti.ry ."lifts, and 
 of all niililaiv n.o,-emouts. More tha,, a milli.M, sto.lin- Lad lu'c-n 
 sp..nt 10 secm-o its hostil. ocn.pancy. Groat iJritai,. had been .Irain.d 
 of men and food to hold it, and On,0(lO tons of transports had lie.n 
 froi^dMod t,. k.M.p it. Now th,. " L<,nd..M '•.u...tte." of May :!, n>akos 
 tho following iilaeid anuouncoiiifnt : — 
 
 " General Howe havin- taken a resolution on the 7th of March to remove 
 from Itoston to Halifax, with the troops under his command, and such of the 
 inhabitants, with their effects, as were de.iro.is to continne under the pro- 
 tection of his Majesty's forcen, the embarkation was etVceled on the 17th of 
 that month, witli the greatest order and regularity, and without the least 
 interruption from tho rebels," ite. 
 
 Of onu-se the ..tlu r side of the story did n..1 fail of heini: tol.l with 
 some eniludli-hments. (I was said that Con. Howe wont t., tho select- 
 men anil infoi-niocl thorn. — 
 
 .. TlMt ho .av," .Mr. Waslun-ton was determined to have the town, that the 
 toN.n was of no ounscpienoe to the king's service, and that he would abandon 
 it if Mr. Washington would not disturl) his embarkation. Ho tliought it a 
 pity so line a tow.i should be l,urnt. and added the distress such desperation 
 niJst occasion to the inhabitants; he showed them the combust iblos he had 
 laid, for setting it on fire in an instant, in every part, &c." 
 
 In eonsoqnenco, it was added, the sidectmon brought about tho trueo, 
 though it was not undersiood whether any arrangeniont was made about 
 
 the king's stores, etc. 
 
 Parliament being in session .In- Duke of Manchester, in the House 
 .,f Lords. ,m Mav KMh, called for the .lospateiios from America, which 
 tho ministrv doolinod to produce on the plea that they eoneorMod future 
 „,.. rations.' The duke indi-nantly presente,! the disgrace visited upon 
 the lirili-h :.nav and Heel, and tho anem,d to oa^t the veil of mIouoo 
 ov, r the buu.iliatinn result. He added that private inleUigonee brought 
 Uie irustuorthy infornmtion llnu, -(lenoral Howe uuittod not lioston of 
 his own I'roo will; but Ihal a su|K.rior enemy, by ropcated .'llorts, l,y 
 cNlraordiuary works, by .ho lire ,.f ihoir baltorios. rendered tho place 
 milenable." 
 
182 
 
 CimOXKI.K OF THE SIKOE. 
 
 Till' Karl nl' SiitlnlU. hi delViicc of the mini-try. iTplii'd : — 
 
 •• ■riic iiotili' Itulic siiysthori- must Ikivc 1)cm_'1i a convention between fleneral 
 Ildwe un.l the nibel cumniander, wliieli I do a.-sufe His (Iniee was by n<. means 
 the ease; no convention, stipuUition, ,-oiiees.-ion, <.r enmimmuse wliatever, 
 having been made. Tlie Cenend thought iiroper to sluft Ids ix.sition (! ! ) in 
 order, in tlie first jdaee to im.tcet Halifax, and alter that olijeet was seeurcd, 
 to pcnctnite, by that way. (I ! ) into the interior eonnlry, ^-e." 
 
 Tlie Maninis of IJoekiligliani told what lie had lieaid froiii •■ a privalo 
 clianuel." uhieli was in exaet eonfiMinity with tlie liaitli : — 
 
 " No formal eonvcntion, ore ipitidation, was .signed, wliieh I understood wa.s 
 avoided by the (jenerals on lioth sides for ])ailieular reasons; but there wa.s 
 every substantial rei]iiisite, of a treaty or eompi-omise." 
 
 Lord Slelburiie and utliers, in oppo-itiuii, eonfinned this statement, 
 but the miiii>ter persi-ted that he had ni) kiiuule.lge or lielief of siicli a 
 matler. 
 
 iiiAiiiKs AND i.i:tti:i;s in isostun miJiNt; Tiit; su:(ii'.. 
 
 The following inteioting tletails are from the pen of Dr. .lames 
 Thaeher. in his '-Military dournal of the War," ihrougli wliieli lie was a 
 Surgeon in llie Amerieaii Army. He was at tlie time jiist eome of age, 
 iuur ni.poiuted Si.ige,n-s mate nnder Dr. Davi<l Towiiseiid, in Col. 
 AVhitConib-s liegiiiienl on I'rospeet Hill. He lived to be ninety years 
 old : -- 
 
 •• Imm.'diately aller the enemy sailed from lioston harbor, (ien. Washing- 
 ton .M'dered tlie major pari of his army to mareh to New York, to secure the 
 city acainst the aiipndiende.l invasion of (icn. Howe. It was not till Wednes- 
 
 milted to ente ■ Ihi! town, whi'ii our 
 
 dy 
 
 day, the 'Jutli, tliat our troops -were jier: 
 regiment, with two or three others, were oniered to mareh in and take up our 
 quarters, which were pr,.vided lor us in eoniforlable houses. Whilc^ marching 
 through the streets, i inhaliitanls apjieaivd at tlicir doors and wimhiwsj 
 thou.di they manifested a liv.dyjoy on being lilieraliMl from a long imprison- 
 ment, they were not altogetlier free from ii melaiiclioly gloom which ten 
 ti'dioiis niontlis' seige has spread over tlieir countenances. 'I'Ik^ streets and 
 buildings present ii scene which retleets disgrace on their late occupants, 
 exhibiting a ileplorablu desolation ami wfctcheducss. 
 
CIIIIONICLE OF TIIR -^IKnF.. 
 
 183 
 
 .' l>r,.l..„ M<„-rh '>■'-' - * vonroms,: d' p.'..,,!,. Irnm lli.- country an, .■r.nvcl- 
 i,.,. mto tUo town, mil of IVi-n.lly s„lirit,.,l. ; un,l it is truly intwo-ting to 
 
 wUu.ss th.. t.u,l,M- iut,H-view. nu,l {,m.\ ,.u>bnu.,.s oCthos. wh .v. b.-u .mg 
 
 ..P„r.t,.,l un.l.r cin.uuHtun.-s so i,,.,.uli.rly .listrossing. Hut it is ,mrtu-ubu-ly 
 unrortuuiit. M. tl.is o,vasio„. tliat ll„. su^all-pox is lurki..- in various parts of 
 the town, xvl,i,h .Vt.M-s „,:u,y Irou, .njouu- an iut.M-vi.w with th.-.r Irx'n.ls. 
 Tho par..ntsau,l si,-Un- of n>y IVicnU. Dr. Towns,.,,.!, have continu,.! .u fwn 
 aurin.^ tlic si.-o. li.ing intrn,l..ce,l to tin. fauuly by the I)...tor, I ro •cnvo,! a 
 Uiu.l L.\ polil,. invilatiou to tako up n,y abo,!. with l!..u, wIumv 1 am ,.n.|"yM.S 
 th,. kin.h.st att,.utions au,l dvililh-s. I a.r,.u,,.a,>i.a s.v,.ral geutl,.nn.n to 
 vi,.w th,. liritish tbrlili..ations on lioxbury X> ,U, wlicr,.^ I obs.M'v,.,! a pro,U- 
 ,.i„us nuu,b,.r of liuh' u.ilitary on;rinos ralbMl caltrops ,u- .'row loot, s,.att,M-oa 
 ovor th. .n-oun,l in th,^ vioiuity of Ih. works, to iuipclo tho march of our 
 troops in oas,. ,.f an atla.-k. Th.. iu,pl,.n,cut ,.ons;sts of an iron ball aruu..l 
 .vi(h Ibur sharp points, about ouo inch in b.ng.h, so lV,rmc,l that which way 
 .o,.v,.r it u,av fall, one point lies npwar,! t,. pi.'rco th,. C'ct of h,.rsc. ,>r m,'... 
 .,,,,1 ar.. a.hnirablv w,'!! .•alculal,'.! lo obstruct ll.c march of an onomy, 
 
 .- o;W. - I went to vi,.w th<. Ohl South Church, a spacious bri.'k buihhng near 
 th.. c,.ntro of the town. U has be.'U for more tluu, a ..entury [inclu-Uu- tho 
 ,„.,.,v,rno' s„.u, l.uv ..n th.' sau.e ^it,'] c,.ns,.erat...l lo the servi,-e of reb,u:.ou, 
 .„„, „„„, „,„i,„.,„ .livine. hav,., in its pulpit, lab.nv,! in t,.a.-hiug (he ways of 
 ,.i.vht..ou'-n,.ss an.l truth, liut .lurin^r ,1,,. late si,.-e th.. iusi,!,. .,f it was e,.- 
 thvh ,I..Mr,.v,.,l bv th.. l!riti.-h, an.l the sa..re,l buihling ..cupi.'.! as a ri.hn- 
 
 .,,„:„, iW liut ;n..-s regiment .,f .•.■ag.,.„.s. The pt.lpit atul p.'WS were 
 
 ,,.„,„v,.,l, th,. ll.M.r .•..v..r...l with ..arlh, an.l us..,t for th.. pnrp.-e .,1 trauung 
 ,n.l ex,.reising their h-u'ses. A b,.autiful p.'W, ..rna,u..ut...l with ,.arve,l w,u-k 
 a,ul silk furniture, was ,U,m.,r.she.l ; an.l by ..nler of an olUcr, th.. carv...l 
 „.„rk, it is sai.l. was ns..,l as a iVu.... li.r a ho^s,,. The N..r.h Church, a very 
 valuabl,. buil.lit.g, was otin.ly .lc,u..li.she.l an.l ....nsun...,l for luel. Thus aro 
 .,„, hous,.s, .levote.l to religh.us w.n>hip, p.-fan-.l an.l .l..str.ne.l by the sub- 
 
 j,.els ..f His K.ival Majesty. 
 
 .. Mis Kxeelleu..v, th.. ,...uuunn.l..r iu-..hi..l^ has h... n re,.,.iv.-.l by tl... u.habt- 
 ,.„„s „ith ,.v..rv u,a,k ..f re-p...t an.l gratilu.l... an.l a pnl.li.. .Ibu.er has b,.,.. 
 
 provi,le.l Ibr hi,.. Me r...,u..st,..l the Kev, l.r. Kli-.t, a. t vu..wal ... hts 
 
 eust,m.arvTluu-s.lav I...ct.,re. to pr..a.h a thanksgiving s,.r,n..u, a,lapt..,l t.. the 
 j„vf„l ,H.,.asion. .\,.....r.li,.-!y, ..n the :IMh, this pi„u. -lis in,. p.-,'a.h,..l an ap- 
 p;opriate,lis,..,u,.s..lV..m Isaiah xxxiii. -: • l..„.k up..u Zi,.... th. .it, .•! .mr 
 Sol,.n,ni.i,.s, ,..c..-. in pr..,.n..,. ..f lli< i:xc..ll..t.,y an.l a n.sp.....ablo 
 
 ''"'.'i;i//i.--()u.: of, an- >ol,lier. I.au„l a h,uuan -k.l..„n in .■ou.pl.l.' pr.'P- 
 
184 
 
 CllKON'K'I.K OF 'lllK SIK(iE. 
 
 aniiion, left by a liritUli siirgoc.n, wiiidi 1 liave rceoivod ns an acfoplabl.! 
 present." 
 
 'I'he yuiinu' siirt;c<iii ree.McU his alleiulaiiee on Ainil •'^tli, in !!).■ Kin.^'s 
 t'liaiii'l. on •' the fnni'inl soh'ninities over the leniaiM^ ol'lliat jiatiiot and 
 hero, Major (len. .Joseph Warren." 
 
 Though it «as contrary 1o general orders, as he was siirrounch-d liy 
 disea.se, he liad recourse liy adviee of his friends to inoeidation. by Dr. 
 John Thomas, ami iias>ed through the process withont snlfering a day's 
 ooiilinemenl. 
 
 " J nil) ;W. — Orders are given to inocnlato for (lie small-iinx, all the suUliers 
 and inhabitants in town, as a general infection of tliis terrible disease is 
 apprehended. Dr. Townsend and myself are n..\v constantly (engaged in this 
 business." 
 
 DIAKV 0\' EZiaUKL I'UICI',. 
 A verv interesting diary covering the period and eveids of the Siege 
 of Boston, printed at length in Troceedings of .Mass. Historical Society 
 Xov., 18(;:;, is that of Kzekiel I'riee, Ksq. He was Clerk of the fonrts 
 of Connnon I'leas and Sessions f(n' Snilolk. and for ni.-niy years 
 Chairman of llie Selectmen of lioston. He left the town willi his 
 family before lh<' last of May, ITT.'i, and went to reside dnring the 
 troubles with Colonel Doty at Slougiilon. He was intent to hear, and 
 he made a daily record of the- news .and rumors of each day, stopping 
 travellers as they passed his isolated abode, and con.stantly riding to 
 the outskirts of J'.oston to inform himself of all ihal transpired. So he 
 repro.hn.es for the reader all the cxcilemeids and alarms of the time, 
 tells us of those who, one by om', got out of llie town, and of their 
 reports of the state of things, and spends long evenings in discussing 
 alfairs with wayfarius and transient guests lodged under the same roof 
 with him. as, for instance: — 
 
 "Julij I'J, 177."i. — One Carpenlia-, wh" lasKivi'ning swam from Hoston to 
 Dorchester, .says that it was very sickly in lioston, and that i)rovisions were 
 very scarce and the people in great distress." lie heard, on .Fnly L'S, that 
 Carpenter, who was a barber, swam back to lioslon again, and was eaught 
 and hanged on Cojip's Hill. [He was sentenced, but respited, and alterwards 
 pardoned.] 
 
CHKOXTCLK OF TIIK SIKfiK. 
 
 185 
 
 " Sunday, Manl, 17. — At lumn, Mr. Kdmiin.l (Jiihicy l.n.iin;!,! ii^i tlie mn'^t 
 intoi-psting, most iini)ortiinl, an.l iiui-t .■..miortiiis lu'ws wi! Ikiv IhmpI miu'c 
 I left Host.jii, wliich w;is no less Uum tliiit tlie Itegulai-s an.I tlio mereeiKiry 
 ti-oops, cmploy.Hl by the wioko.l, .lialx.li.Ml British niinisti-y, h.ul l.-eii 
 uWigedt,. Ily out of Boston ll.is .lay, l.nl .lot l.rfon, tl.ey IkuI pUimloiMMl tlio 
 town, an.lcmnmitle.l lii.'fts an.I .l..i.iv.|ati..ns in ..very part ..fit, an.I <•.,»- 
 vt-yed thdi- stol.Mi goo.ls on l.oanl th.^ ships, an.I th.ni .l.'part.^.l ont ..f tlif 
 liarh..r. Tims the It.iyal l!i-ilisli Army is now b.'coni.' ll.)yal 'I'liieves. 
 
 "Mond,i>/,M<u;:k l.s. - Aft.T ..htainin- a pass fr.im (leneral Wanl, w.nt 
 thn.ngh l{..xbnry, ov,.,- l!..ston X.a'U ; pass.-.l th.. ..nen.y'.s lin.- Hut.. an.I at 
 ]!ost..n l'ortirk-ati..n, an.I ro.le throngli tli.^ main sliv.K ..f my .l.^ar native town. 
 There visite.l my .sisKn-, wli.i lia.l been Ibnaxl fr..m my h..nse ; saw a nnmi.er 
 of my K..st.,n fr'i.Mi.ls, an.I the IVi.Mnls of oni- e.mnti-y, wh.. Iia.l b.-en simt np 
 neai- eleven montlis pa-^t in that t..wn by tlie ern..l han.l ..f arbitrary power, 
 and who, by means ..f tl... har.l an.I sava-,' tr.Mtm.aU ..f th.' lirili-h sol.li.a-y, 
 and the want, not ..nly ..f the e.nnf.-rts, Ijn. many ..f tlie n.ieessari.'S of lilV,were 
 become thin, an.I th.dr ll.'sh waste.l, but y.'t in g.v.d spirits, an.I r.>j..i.-ing at 
 meeting th.ar f,.ll..w-t.>wnsni.a] ; whil.' the tories ab..nt th.^ town L. th.Mr thin 
 vi.sage.s" ad.led I.m.Us of guilt, ami a .•.,nvi.-ti..n of lli.'ir bas.. ingralilu.le I.. 
 thei^ eounlrv an.I iVll.nv-lownsmen. As I pas-e.l thronyh ih.- town it 
 gave m... mu.-h pain ..f min.l t.. s..e tlu' hav..,., waste and .h.stm,-ti..n of the 
 houses, fenees an.ltre.., in th,- l-wn, o.vasi..n,..l by th..se sons ..f IVlial. who 
 have near a year past ha.l th.^ p..ssession .,f it. lint, sav.. a IVw wr.^l.-h.- 
 wh.. tarri.Ml hehin.l to lak.. the punishment .In.! b. tludr wi.'ke.l d.'e.ls, the 
 inhabitants who ar.. n..w taking th.-ir residenee in the t.,wn, se..me,l all of 
 „ne h...art and ..ne nnn.l, /..■ah.ns in tlw sapp..rt of our rights an.I lib.Tl.es,^ 
 and, if p..ssihle, uwre .l.'termimMl than ev.n- I-.) resist th.' f.ire.' an.l p.uvr ..f 
 all th..se wh.. dare attempt t.i inva.le them. Ae..u..lin,uly every nu'tlm.l is 
 taking in th.. t..wn t.. fortify an.I str.Migth.a, it against our enemies, and pre- 
 vent tli.dr ever being able to lan.l again in that t..wn. The th.^fls an.I rob- 
 beries of the royal thieves are very gr.Mt, ami many w.,rtliy inhabita.its will 
 be ruined by it. I returne.l Imnn- [to ,St..nght..n] in the evening. 
 
 ••MnirM -Jl.— La.st evening the enemy burnt all the, bnihiings ini Castle 
 Islan.l. .Snow-sl.irni hist, night. 
 
 ".1/,(;-./( ■JL'.-Went t.. li..st..n. Visited my si.ster. Fonn.l that a .m.u- 
 sid.^rable part of my furniture was broke, an.I s.,m.! .)f it lost; h.iw.'ver am 
 
 thankful s., nmeh of it still lains. The ll.^.^l e.M.linu.^s in Nanla-k.'t K.m.l. 
 
 The town appears in many pla.a^s hut littl.i b.'tter than a lu'ap ..f rmns. 
 Great mimbers ..f th.- I...us,.s aiv wholly .l..wn ; a great nnmb.u- o[ ..th.us are 
 alm..st .le.strox.'.l. the insi.h'S .,f them being .'nt an.I broke in pi.-ees. an.I ot 
 Iti* 
 
18() 
 
 CTIEOXICLE OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 mmn- of Ukmu notlunjj in..iv Irft than tl.- m>t,i.le ..liMl. l!,.|nn,..,l liono in 
 tilt' uveuinj; [to Stdiiglitun]. 
 
 " ;•>/(/./'/, .l/««'/i :.",l. — Sot out (■arly in tin: inorninj: an.l went to liostoii, 
 wl.cR' a trnvn-meutiiig was held Ibi- the choirc of town (.IVucrs. Thc^ .s<-atfre.l 
 inln.l,ilant,s .■oll.'ct.Ml to-cthw, met at tlie Ohl ISrirk Mc..tin-h.ms,, [First 
 
 Chiu-ch, on the: sit,. otMoy-s ISniiainfrs], and l,n«- M in Hi'-' cO.oir.' of tin. 
 
 omoei-.s of the town, nstially chosen at tln^ir annual Mareli m.^elin-. An.l it 
 was really a very pleasant si-l,l. after near eleven months" absenee, to see so 
 manv of'mv worthy l\-llow-eiti/,ens nn^et to-elher in that now ravage.!, 
 phnulere.l town ; In.t tin' sj.ot even y.'t agreeable. Sonn^ person Inul broke 
 into Mrs. Drap.n-'s honse ami robbed me of great p.art <.f n.y ehim.. 
 Kitmned to my Stonghton home in the evening. 
 
 .' Dne Wall," who assisted the Hegnlars, and was engaged with tln'n. in the 
 battle at Bnnker's Hill, is taken np in lio.<lon, and e..nimilted to Jail there. 
 A li-t of tin; tories n-maining in lioston, with tin-ir several elnir.a.ters and 
 behavi.u- during tln-ir residen.^e with the Kegtdars in lioston, is ...nt to the 
 Gein'ral Onn't: and a eonmiittee is appointed tliereon. 
 
 '■ S„lui;l<n/, Ai.nl ti.-ln tin' allerno<ni. Kd. <ininry stupp. d h.re. lie 
 ,.„ne from liosbm, and savs that (apt. Manly was in I'.oMon, and told there 
 he had taken (n,t of the ll.^l a brig ladon with tories and tory goods, 
 and ..ther etVeets wl.ieh they plnnder,.! it. Hoston. Among the tories is Kill 
 .Pu'kson. It is said this was their riehest vessel in the fleet : had eighteen 
 Ihonsaml ponnds sterling in eash on board, besides an exceeding valnable 
 cargo of Knr.,pean merchandize. liesidcs • liill .la.-kson.' 'Cnine lirnsh' 
 
 \va.s taken in this vessel. 
 
 "Fi-Ula,/, April I'J.-Wcnt to lioston, remaine.l all day, an,l lodged there 
 with Cai.t" .Jonathan Davis. The evening 1 spent in company with live or si.>c 
 <,f mv old friends and a.-,,nainlancc. The town yet h.oks nndam'boly : but few 
 of tlie inhabitant, bring rcnn.vcd bark into it, occasioned by its m.t being 
 sullicieiitlv forlilie.l and garrisoned agaii.,1 any further attempt of the cinMny, 
 to whi.'li it now lies mnch exposcl. The shops in general ivnia.n ^hut uii. 
 This dav is the anniversary of tlie faiinni-^ battle of Lexington. 
 
 .. ,ij,',.it i(i._l!cinaiiied in lioston. Several of the active tories haN e been 
 cxamincl bv the Court of ln,|niry, and .oniniitted to jail for trial. Dr. 
 Whitworth and .Son were yesterday .u, their examinallon, and afterwards 
 ,„-aered to give bail. It is said the juMh-o have evidence of the chictor's not 
 
 having acted the part of an 1 M -nrg. in his practice on the late niilbr- 
 
 tunutrc.donel I'arker: and that his limb was nnueee^-arily taken olV. and a 
 cruel neglect of attendance on him, by whi.di means he lost his life." [I'arker 
 of Clielinsford was taken prisoner at Hunkers Hill, and died in lioston jail.J 
 
cimoxic[-K ov 'iiiK, siEOi;. 
 
 ISl 
 
 Mr Trio, took . l.oMs.. in Do.rlu.st...- till l.o sh.ml.l thiMl< it s.fo to 
 „nko l,is l.oMu- i,. Bostou, vvlHTO Uv u..nt daily to ex.Mn.u- papers u, the 
 Cuslom-l.oMs.s Treasurer Gray', ollio-, a,ul tin- I'rovinee House. 
 Manv other eilizens, like hi.nself, considered l'.oslo,. still .u danger. 
 
 Ll-.TTKHS TO (iAIiDINKi: (iliKl'.NlC. 
 In rroceedinirs of Mass. Historical Soeiety lor .lune, 1^7:1. are throe 
 very livelv letters relating to the siege and evaenatiou. addr.'ssed to 
 (iMrdiner (ireeue. .Vs a n>erehant, at the age of twuty-one. he had 
 U.rt here Ibr Demarara in Sept.. 1771. He vsiled llostou in l,sS 
 «hen he .narriol here a second wile, and in 1N)0 was n.arricd, a thuM 
 tin.e, to ,1,0 daughter of the painter Copley. He then eau.e to tins Ins 
 .uUive place, heh.g on., of the u„>st en.inent and prospeml uierrhtnUs 
 licre till his death in !■"*:'•■-'. 
 
 The writer of the first of these letters, his friend. D. Creene. datn.g 
 lloston, Mav 0. 177^. congratulates hin, that ho is on, of - ,lus nn- 
 ,,^,j,,,,, ,„„„;,,,. i„ i,s present situation inl^.rior to any country on 
 c-uth •• lie givos a vivid account of the allair at Conco.'d. of the nsnig 
 of the conn,n- people, and of the stopping next day uf all free con,- 
 „HU,icatiou with the town, and of the dilllcultios at.endiug ,ho arrange- 
 ,„..ul with (;a.e lor the exit of the inhabitants. His syn.patlnos appear 
 l„ have l,e..n with the royalist pa,-ty. Ho uientions many prouuuent 
 „erso,.s and fanulies in the town, as they were ahnaucd a, the stale ol 
 „,i„.,.s. sonu. concluding to stay, otho,-s likely to be scattered in various 
 directions, while he, with a few friends, was going to London. 
 
 The second let,er is from .loseph dreene, ,he b.^olher of dardnu.r, 
 
 and is of similar tenor. 
 
 The thi,-d letter is fron. his IViend. .lohu Perkins, and ,s da,ed 
 Halifax \n-. -', 177(1. The wriler. in explah.ing to his correspondent 
 ,,„, He'cau.e ,a be where he was. inlnrn,. hi.n that Howe, with the 
 Bri,ish arn,y, the ,o.-ies, e,c., luni le,', Boston, and ■• con.e down to tins 
 hole, the dregs of the earth." 
 
 .>W,,..u we came from IVston all your friends were well They all 
 .,.,ved as well as our lamilv. By all aeeonnis they Ouv toleraldy well. Alumst 
 .v,'rv one who came IVum lioston to this place have gone away agau, ; some 
 
188 
 
 fllKOXTCT.E OV THK SIKfiE. 
 
 f(vi- Kngland, somi' for lioail-<iii!irl.T», nnd till! ivinaiiKViMvill go as soon ns 
 they ('^1 leivi-n wliore tlio anny is .U'imc to, ami nvIu'IIw,- lliey have mail« Ihoir 
 liiiuUng good, for tliis is willunit cxcfplion tlio most despicable places cvn- I 
 lin.'w" Till- prii'.' of liviiiR here is cxicidiiifr liiprli, and tlio pcopU; it) frni- 
 cral, a poor, mean, low-lived set of lieings; and wen! it not that I liavo 
 some expeetalions, wouldn't tarry here a day longer after my aecoiints are 
 
 settled. 
 
 "Itiseerlainly ahapi)y thing to live under so mild a governmeni as tlie 
 present Knglish government; but Vm snre if more authority had hec^i made 
 use of a lew years pa-t, mueh esiiense might have been saved: but I blame 
 no one, for tlie Devil hims.df eouldii't think to see the present unhappy war 
 increase to so great a height in so sliort a time. 
 
 "Your old IViend, .Taek Collin, arrived here a few days past from l.on.luu, 
 bound to head-(|uarlers ; your Inele Chandler s.ailcd a few days past for I..m- 
 don, together Willi .lohn I'owell and his family, otir old friend, I'raiik .Tohoii- 
 not, .Fohn Erving and family, Mr. Leelimero ami family, the eoinmis>ioners, 
 &c., &e.; in short, one-half of lioston is now in England, and they tell mo 
 that the lioslonians are .so Ihi.^k about the streets of I.omhui that it is im- 
 agined seleetmen, war.leiis, &e., will be .■lio.s,.n there, aeeording to the ,dd 
 Hostonian method." 
 
 Any reader wlio is curious to iiilbrui himself about the fortunes of tlie 
 exiles who found their way to I-oikIoii, will liii.l them relatcl witli force 
 •uul pathos in the Journal and Letters of Jmlg.' Curwcii. as e.liled l.y 
 Jlr. Ceorii-e .\. Ward. 'I'lie homeless wanderers lived for the most part 
 on slender i)en>ions from the government, ami haunted places of resort 
 to learn the news and rumors of their dismal days. 
 
 UK. .\Nl)lii:\V ELIOT. 
 
 Dr. Andrew Kliot, settled over the New North Church in I'.oston in 
 17.1-2, remained in B<,s(on during the siege. Some very interesting 
 letters from him to his son Samuel, at Waltliam. with his family, .are 
 preserved. Samuel left Boston August id. 
 
 The doctor's family left early in the siege. His uife went to Fairlield, 
 Ct.. May .'id. lie did not .see her for eleven months, and lound great 
 ilillicultv in eonmiunicating with her at rare intervals, and sriiding her 
 nuaiey and apparel. When Hags passed between the armies those who 
 could make strong interest could exchange open letters. 
 
CIlKONK'r.I" OI- 'I'llF, SII'CK. 
 
 180 
 
 'rii(. (loclor liMil no i'lra (pI'wIiiiI was liclorc liini wlicii lie liirricil in llic 
 town. S(Tin;j,- « inter hvUnr liini. li.'. in S,.|,(cinl)cr, tricl very ciinicslly 
 to S"' ii l""*^- '"'l '' "''"^ ivlii^fil. lie nnr,. nwnlo iirclKiinliiin lor Hie 
 Avinlcr, bnt, Hiinlsin;;: lie slionl.i li<- !ill. .«>•<] t<, Uavc, -ol,l his Mcin's. iuul 
 tlnn. in llif iniiM.^>iliililv ol' ivpliuin- lli.nn. snllrn.l :-cv,-ivly. in d.l.ii- 
 vali.ins, iUKl in anxiety abonl liis faniily. He wi'otr liis sun, cm Nov. 
 20, ■' Had I known wlial I was I., cndnv. I >lionia liave licen ainoni;- tlio 
 lirst llial Icl't tlie town, thouiili 1 liad lo-t all." 
 
 Clinton was in Ilancofk's lion>c ; ISnitioync in Bow.loii,'- : Dis. 
 Mallior .and Hylcs ivnuiinod. and .Mr. lioylston. lirooniMcId and dona. 
 Anioiy. Karl Terry was in the .\ndrews lumse. corner of Winter nml 
 
 Tri'inonl >treet.«. 
 
 ..Vliont a.lHtO of the inliahitanis of the town were sniniosed to havo 
 
 reni.aineil after I'.unlo'r Hill. 
 
 Tlie seleelnien weri> not allowed to go ont. 
 
 Interleaved Kneidand's Almanac. 177."), notes: — 
 
 " Tlnn-s. I.ec. Preach. , i*i:c. 
 " April V.I. — Kni;:i<;enienl at reneord. 
 " April !tO. — My children sailecl for S.deni. 
 "May 3. — l>car Mrs. F.liot set out for Fairlhdd. 
 
 •'June 17. — Battle .it Charle^lown •. Town e.insiniied. Oh, dii'iu horrcn- 
 dum! holla, horrhla hella! is, ..reached .\. .M. and P. M. 
 
 " June 2-2. — Dr. Mather, 'rinn s. Lecture." " :;'.). — X" 1-eeturc." 
 
 He carried (.ii the Thursday lecture alternat<dy with Dr. Mather. 
 
 "A-./rci»/.<T 30. — Preached, T. I,. Calu^ r.-n: pare. The' attendance of 
 this lecture h.aiis, exceeding small, and ..iir work -reatly iiureas,.! in other 
 respects. Dr. Mather and I, wli... since the ih^partiire of eiir other Brethren, 
 hiul preached it alternately, thonglit proper to lay il down for the present. I 
 preiichod the last sermon from those words in Itev. i', ' Ucmember how thou 
 hast received,' &c. An alVectins o.ra^io,, ,>f lavin- down a Icetnro which 
 had subsisted more than 110 years. The small e„i,-r,.gation was much 
 moved at the, conclusion." 
 
 "Records, means of support, coiilrilaUiniis, private ■rifts sent in, meats, 
 other articles of subsistence ami ,arioU- luxuries." 
 
liH) 
 
 CIIKONICI.K OK '1111'; SlKCiK. 
 
 liilcrli'iivi'il Aliiimiiic, 1 TTH : — 
 
 ".!/,(-,■// 17.-rivaoliril A. M. aii.l V. M. Itclcii rv;u'il!llr,l. 
 
 "Mdirli •.';!. — CHiiiliriil^'i'. Diiii'il "■itli<'"l' Milliii. 
 
 ".V,irrl, J7. — Ciinibnil',^'. I'IihmI uiili (l.'ii, Wasliiii;rl"n. 
 
 ./,/,„,./, -H._l'ro:iclir,l hHV.rc Cm. Wii-hin-luii." [Tlmrs.hij I tuiv.J 
 
 TI,cr..ll<iwiM.iisnn.>Ntr..-l (V.mi a U-tl.T written in Boston. .Inly ;i I, 
 177,-,, liy Dr. Klint to 1. mM'nwv, Dnniol I'm'Ucr, Ksq., who luul 
 j^ot out of llu' town iiilo Siilrni : — 
 
 .. Y„m' "ivMt ;.ll,.iitio„ tn mr mimI c-nr.-n. lor my .nMilort ,]r-vno my sin- 
 
 ,,,,,.., tlnnk-. 1 n ivr.1 Ih,. tun ,,n:ul.T^ nl' niultn,,, m.,.1 l.avo .livi.l.cl ono 
 
 iK.tw.M.M l.r. li.M.l :u,a .Mr. W.l-I,, «l,o ,.mhv.s ,l,.ir a,l<nn«lnt^,.M„.t,ts ui 
 tUo l,is],.st ...rm<. r:n1 ..f ,!,.■ u.lu.,- I s),.ll s,.,„l ... >m:>K. tn-o.h tW tho 
 pns,„„ rs who l,:,v,. ,v.llv .nllVn.,1 tor thn want of fivsh moat. I «hall th.s 
 
 .lay niakr a cinantily of l>r..lh fm- the sick armm 
 
 il me, wild are very nnnierDUS. 
 You eannnt ,n,u-eiv.. th,. nT,.!' you u ill jrive to ^-reat nnmhers of pei-.-ms by 
 „,is kiM.lom,... I'erhaps y.nn- h.oth has l.vn ,lis,„.Mse.l tothirtyor Ibrty su^k 
 pc.pl... I hax e invile,! a nnmher of frien.ls to partake of th,. re.st. lo l.ve 
 Lm.' secnes of I.loo.l a,„l -laughter, an.l othor triaN [ do not eare to 
 „„.,„ion is hard, and >.., on tho whole. 1 eaanot say I an, sorry I tarne,!. 
 
 Tl,e followine- letter was written U Df. Kli"l to his frh.el, Mr. Isaac 
 Smith, a. .ra.lnate an,! a tutor at Ilarvanl College, lu tl,e pnnie whieh 
 ..i...,l n,:uv of tl,e people of UoMon he en.harke,! at Marhlehea.l lor 
 Funhnal. Mav ^7, 177o. He .as onlaiue,! as nnnister of a ,lissent.n- 
 ,J,„,oation'at Si.ln.oulh. i:n,lan,l. .lune :il, 177S; en.l.utol lor h,s 
 
 ,,,Unnliere in .Vpril. 1 7M ; 1 anu. hbrarian at llarvanUan.l atter- 
 
 Nvar.ls s-.rvea as Chaplain to the Uoston .Mmshouse;- 
 
 ■• liosroN, April .'', 177<i. 
 
 "Jlii. IsAAO Smith, //""''""■• — 
 
 ..Mv vrnv ,.r.v.= S.u.-Wlen 1 wrote yon last 1 .li,l not dar,. to wntc 
 
 .vUhanvkin,lon^ ,„„,,,., ,vl,:,t 1 wrote sbouMlall into the hands ol our 
 
 then MasbM-s, whieh wonbl ha^e ospose.l n.e to Hear rese„tm,.nt, wlueh 
 „,,„nv lVare,l, Ibr their wrath was .rnel. I ..annol repent n>y havinj: tarne, 
 
 I town: Hs,.,an..,ln,a.,.s.aryb, P— -e,l,e^oryla f r.b^on. l.nt 
 
 ,„„|,i„.^woul,l in.lu.-o uu. a;,au, lo H,. n,| .-1... u momhs in a ;.amso„ town. 
 
 ..\V:l,a^eb,.,.nab■,u,llo .peak, ib.almo-l ,o think, W. aro now 
 
ciiitoMcr.K oi" 'I'lir. siKcK. 
 
 ,,,li..v..,l-wo.„l..rrMllv ,l.-li-..T,-.l! Th. I..UM h:,ll, 1 M ,■^M^„at..l bv tlm 
 
 IkilUl. tmi-i-s i«. M..l.l.'ii!.v tl,;,l tlicvliinr 1,11 Mm.,/in- .Mrnvs Url 1 ll..m. 
 
 va-^t ■lUiinlit W nf r.al. « l.i.h llH. iMlml.ili.Mls li:.v,. 1 M rn.,.ll> .l.ulr.l lhPm;.Mi 
 
 ,|„. wi„l.T. ,-.Mnn„ .,,.1 u..-Uk,. >l..v. in mI,u,h1:,„.t, p...1.T, l,n,>,-l,..UM, 
 
 l„tv. .MsU., bnin. &.•. .;,v:il n,ii„l,.T. M' ll,. IVi.n.ls lu .,nv,T„ .f, ns ll.T 
 
 ;. rullcl, an. p.no to Ilulilkx, .tcw,!,,! in n.--Is «1h''1' ^vill -Mir. .•ontun. 
 
 a I' 
 
 „„„„. Wl,:„ will 1 <..u.. .(• tlw.u ll.wv, (iu,l knows! Tin. plar. is lull 
 
 „,,,,„,,. Tl.i,iM,'l..nnu- nn,:a In.U, n.i>r,l Ih. .piril. of tin. rolonist. to 
 tho Ini^hrsl pit.h. Tin. l,...kui,onit.san,n„,U.:Hvi,..o,y. 1 .bn- now .,, 
 sav ^vl,at 1 .li.l not .lar. to >ny l,Wore thi.s-l Innv long thon.Hu ,t -lUat 
 (|,-oat ISnl.iin r„H,„d snl.ji.Kat.^ 'In; .olonius. ln.l..pf>«M,.nr., a yar a-o, 
 ,„„,,1 „,.i l,av.. l,.... puhli.ly un.n.ion.M will, inn.nni.v. Notlnn- .Ise >. m.^v 
 talk.Ml ,.!■. ami I Know nol wl.at ..,„ 1,. .Ion. l,.v (Ina. llrilain to invv.-nt .t. 
 
 Vonr l..tt.r. wiv nna-1, , ' Vr,.,l a. on,- ll.a,! quru-v. in town. Th-y 
 w..,v s,.Mt onl, l,nt von.- latin-,- [• ' S^'l''"'] t""^ "'« '"> '"''''' '•'■™'''"' '"'' 
 Yon will c-a.-ih b.-li,.v.-tl,.-v w.-,-.- n-t ,-,.li-ln-.l l.y iIiom. at tI,o l,oa,l of alVa,i-a 
 „„,ln-otl,.r Mr. Tln-ya,-. a. p,-, -at k-pt -, ,-,v, , l.ul, yon will natn.-a'ly 
 M,p, n.ust hav.. m-a(.-,l a p,-,;jn,li™ a-ainM. yo.,, ■■ liu- as they an- known. 
 
 .. 1 ai-1 in.t .-a,-r in nn'la.t to m.iiiion tUo .-onU-nipt tl,i-own npon on,- places 
 „|-\Vo,-hip Tho (ll.l No.-lh pnllo.l .loun; \U: ,S.-uallV [OUl Soutl.J ,na,lo a 
 ,i,r„,.. .,.-l,ool fo,- tin- l.i^rhl IIo,-M.,-th> ho,,.,- ,i;ntt,-,l. atnl tin- InM.U- totally 
 .l,..l,-ov,-,l-, 1),-. fo..p,-,-s [Ura.tlo >t,-,-.-tJ, .M.-. llowa,-.r. [W,-.-., .lon-.hj, an,l 
 1),- liy'u-' [lloUi... M,-.ol] t,„-„..l into bai-ra.-ks, withont any appoa,-an,-,- ol 
 ,„.,.,.,lily; .M,-. Moo,-l,.-a,r,s LlV.h-,-al >t,-,-.-t] lUl.-,! will, l,ay ; Mv. Stilbnaa's 
 [ItaptistJ .na,l. an ll.^-pib.l. .^n.l, ,-o,nl,nt w,a,M .lis^n-a.-.- l,a,l.a,-ians. 1 a„. 
 ,,„,„. M,k of .\,-,ni.-.-.,a„>l an, ,U.lw-„,in,-,l, if pos,il,h-, nov,-,- to liv,- in tin- >an,„ 
 ],la,-i- with any i-oi,si,lri-alil(- lioily of fo,-,-,--^. 
 
 .. 1 ,-ef,-|-iT.l yon to M,-. W . Vca, ,nn-t mako so,„o allowaiK-,-s fo,- tin, 
 
 loSM-s In- liati, 'mot with, whi.-h hav,- too „„,>h artnato.l hi-s niin.l. lie is a 
 scnsihli, man, ami I hope will n,.i-t will, i-moi,,at;v„,,-nt. 
 
 " 1 att,„.l,-a last w,-.-k a im-.-linj; of the ()vc-,-.sl-c-,-.s ,iml ('o,-lioi-ati,)ii [of tlio 
 coll,---] at \Valo,towi,, foi- the lirst lim,- si„,-e .air ,-nlai-f:in,-nt. We voteil 
 (l,,,na-al Wa.shin-ton a .h-Sfe.- of I.L.I). Ih- is a f„„- (;,.nlU-,nan, ami hath 
 fhanm-il evei-Nbody .since he hath hail the L-ommaml. 
 
 .. I liiul acmimittee of ovei-see,-s appointe.l, at tin- motion of the General 
 Court, to examine the politi,-al p,-i,Mlple.s of those who -ov,-rn the eoUoge. 
 
 1 hope i,o evil will eome to several wo.thy men there. I hear your l.-lt,-r was 
 taken as a resi<:,.ation [as a Tnto,-]. Mr. I'roles.orS.-wa!! at p,-,-se„t ,.tlie,ates 
 in vonr plae.-. The l'resi,le„l is in ha,-le to ,„ove the Stuclents to Camhri,l-e. 
 The l!nil.lin-s are in a sho.kin- .-late, having been impi-ove.l for barracks. 
 
1!)2 
 
 ( IlllOMCI-K OF TIllO siK(;i;. 
 
 Tliti Lil)niry ;>nil Ai)p!ir:iliis mtc 5;ilr mI Aiidovci-. 'Vhr mdMiiT'* arn all giino 
 friim Caiiibi'iil;,'" t» tlic SoiilliwanI, wlicn' llu'V i-'xpccl, tlic wi^al iil' aclimi will 
 
 bo. 
 
 '• Dr. WarrciiN Ixuly lialli l.ccii broii^'lil IVcm Ilnnkcr".'* Hill, iiml was l.iiriud 
 yostcnlay Willi all .Mililary II.mkii's, and iUn^v ,.r Mas.iiii-y. It, was carrlod 
 IVoiu till' UL'iiresdntativcs'Clianilair to llu' Kind's t'liapi'l. |ti\ I'mipcv imiyuil. 
 Mr. I'orcz Mdrtiin ilclivcrnl a sinritcul nratiun, wlicrciii lii^ piililicly urged an 
 ciitiro disiMiniiectioii witli Cnal llrilain. This is tin' I'a.-liiinialilc doi'triiic, 
 and 1 airaiii say that 1 do nut sci^ that Croat liritaiii <'aii priniiit it. When 
 Shu rojoctiid tlio last petition of the ('on;;ress it was all over with her. 
 " I am \oiirs, \ei'y sineercdy, 
 
 "A: Kl.IOT." 
 
 Dl.MiV (IK TIMiilllV NKWICI.I.. 
 
 There is a lively and piipiaiil eliaraelel- in llie I'ollowiiii; extracts frcnil 
 the diary of 'nniotliy Ni'well, Ksq., one of the selectmen of liostoii. 
 lie rem.ainc.l in the town dnrins llio siege. As a deacon, and one of 
 Ihc coinniitlee of lirattle-street Clnirch, lie made laborious and zealous 
 ellbrls to preserve and save from alinse tlie costly and ideuant structure, 
 v.hieh had then been built only two or three years for the society. The 
 diarv is printed in full, in the Collections of Mass. Historical .Society, 
 •llh .Series, \'(d. 1. The foUowini;- aic extracts: — 
 
 Mriiiomnihim, lilli Sijil., ITT.'i. 
 Me.«.s". Aucliini'lo.-li, Morrisson, unci andther per.-ien cana- Id au-, as ilirue Steleli- 
 nien lui.l licca liulere — they sliowed lae a imper directed U< ine .•icltinf,' forth that 
 '"I'lie J!cv'i. Mr. .Mi>rrissi)n was luTinittial by his KNccllency tien'. (he.'e to preach 
 und dL-ired lie iniiv have the use of I)' Cooper's .Meuliii-lmus,. — .signed l.y ahout ;!0 
 Seolelinien and otiiers-viz. li. irallowill .1. Forre.-t ,^e. - I desircl tliey would 
 leave tlio I'liper for iiiv con.-ideralion. — Tliey did nol cIhim 1 sliould keep it ami 
 hvixim to ur-e their lia'vin.„' Iho lHai.«e. — For aiisw.T I told llieiii, I looked upon it a 
 lii^'li insult upon llie Socii'ly tlieir proposin,^' it, and turned my liaek ii]ion tlieiii and 
 soVd't tlieiu. r.M. Mess^.'lihiek, Dixon, Hunter, ciuiic and told me his Exeelleney 
 the Gencnil, had eonsenteil they should have our Meelinj-'liouse and ilesired I would 
 deliver them the Key. I told tlaiii wli.ai I see such iiu cu-der I slicnild know how to 
 proceed. One s;iid 'to me ~s.i, you refuse to drliver the Key. I auswiTed with an 
 emotiiui of resentment, Yes I ilo. 
 
 l.-itii. As! was attendiuijafunenil. the l'i',H".-l M' ('unniu:ah:ini. eiiiiir lo me iind tohl 
 me " Itwa.s his Kxeelleney the Cleiii' eoiumaud, 1 should immediately d.divir him the 
 Key of D' Cooper's MeeliULdiouse— I repfad, 1 must see the (ioviTuor — he Udd 
 me he would nol .see me till I had delivered llie Key. I told him, 1 must .s,.e llie (gen- 
 eral, and refused to delivia- the Key. He left me in a -leat ra-e and .swore lie wouhl 
 
( iiKoMi I.I. <)i' Tin: SIKl.r. 
 
 VXl 
 
 in„„...l, Iv u..n.l l,n.:,k -n ,1.. ,lo„r-. I i.H .1,,. .u .-I -M ' '' ;' ' ^ 
 
 ,l„v,.m„f'.. - .'..llin. ,.,, ('Ml'-- K"i"'.^ to «-. with n,.. - II. •■x.-n-'l I"" -1' ""' " 
 ;,.,aal,„u.. Tl. .i„v..,-„u,- revive.,, na- ..ivilly. I ,ul.ln..s,..,l „,y-..ll -,. hl.n „n,| 
 
 th,ill.'Kllint',in„nl-rl.,m.M..nn,».I.U. „nr p,..,,,!., «.„ ,., |,n.„yl, ,n -.wl .\ -■ un,- 
 
 1,,.,..,. n,.x( Sul,lM,.h, o,- th. S„l,l.,ll, nf...r, ,nwl tl,a. ,1,,. ,"■.-.,, .lu.y l.n.l 1 «n^^ " 
 
 M„„ M- infanmus ..liuruH..,-, .l,,.!. h.,1 it Ik..-,, „.1.w«-,-,., I .l.nul, „ut „|M.u>,. t .. . 
 .A,„l I ,l,..i,nl l,i. Kx..llw"'y ,v„ul,l ,.„„.i,l>.r „f it. I ,■ ...1.1 ."■■ ..• w. 1 I . 
 
 ,,i,„.'_l „all „.,....•>..,. I l..li..v...l:'0 ,ni,.,....s f, , l,in, l,..f.,>v l'n.v..-t •■ >! 
 
 a «.ri..>... ,.f.l..f ... .l.'liv.r .1- K. y i'"' '-"•l^-> "•'"'■" ' '' '■'■'■••'l'"«'^ " '"■" ' 
 
 ,„ „,., ,,,.,..,1 ,1,.. .i„v,.,-n..r t., tny .l-liv-.t-i,,., tl„. K..y ...f . ..■ -vas.,,,- ...v. - 
 
 ,.n....n wl,v that l,....- sl,„..l,l .a., h.' nta.l,. a f a- any ,-,l,..f. ...•.' 1^ .H ; 
 
 Cwla.nl ,m.nti„m..l .h.. ,-•. h,.r l„.in« ..f au infa a. ,.|,a,.a,.„..-, ..aal '- K.'. « 
 
 l.arn, <,( man. l.nt this W kn,.w that h. I Uf. a v,.,-.v ha,. s,.rv„.,. an,l .ak. , u,, 
 
 „■„,, ,, ,, 1 n,,. m.xt ,lav th,. rr,.v„.| .a .., n,> >h„v, I »'.. I"'"'!-' H'""'- 
 
 I,.. l,.n;„r,l that h.. ,.an„. lor th- a,,,,aratu. „r th.. I'nlpii an.l that h,. n,n-. hav. th.. 
 K,.v uiuU.r th,. in.ll.i., >ai.l...-i".' .h.. ,.,.rtain an,l ....<hi.,n. «..r.. tlar... 1 h,. n.v.M 
 
 ar„r...ai,l an,! .«•,..•,. „..,.t hitt..rly that if 1 .li.l ..... -n.l .h'".. h,. «„„,>,.. th,. .ha, 
 ;;„.„_a,„.a....„r.hn..ly . h,.ar ,h.. sa,n,. wa. f.,r,.,.,l ...an an,, that „ '■""■- '"I 
 1)- Wurrvt, w..ro th..r.., h,. vv„ul,. hr..ak .h,.ir h,.a,l. an,, .ha. h.. »..ahl .ha., na m 
 
 the ,M.tt..r. i... ,M... «<.-. -■.■hi- I'.'i..'.! ^"""-'k^- "'■'-"'""". ' '•'',";" '"" •" ";■ "■;" 
 
 Ma.nt th.. ..v..nin«at Major .■hillil.-V —■.."m.H.'.I "Li' ■' h'"' ..-.vn... -a,.v,-...l -1,1 
 
 in th. , -..in. (h,.in« ....r.., ..ay) a,„. hnakla-t with hn,, an,, al., ..,..,•, wh. . 
 
 ,„„, ,...t,.r„,.,. h..„u. a.^..,- nin,. a. ni.ht - .o,„„. S.r,..„t w,,h n , fr ha.lh tw . 
 
 Ht„urh„u-,. for .nu- Tints ,.n.., a .Sahhath whi,.h vm.Iumv,. „1 ,h,. ,„.,-,.h.xUu. a,„. 
 
 inMill.« la.f,.r,. ni,.nti.a».,l, has has h....n .i K"„.l .lay lor m,.. 
 
 ,. s Capt. Krvin. an.l ,ny>..ir h,.in^- th,. only , -ons „f ,h,. < •o,n„,„„.,. .vn.a. n .' 
 
 i„ ,..wn, 1 a..,ptaint,.,l hin, ..fth,. ,l,..nan,ls ofth,- (i,.n,.ral. wl,o a.lv.s,., n„. tha tt th. 
 
 ;.,.. i,;i,t,.,.'„„ tia. ...,iv,.ry of th,. K,.y, ... .l.'liv-r .L. '^'"^ ■''': ::;^ Z:^ 
 
 s..v.ral of onr .-arish .laM,..h. i-r.-p.-.- ... ....i...." th. .!,.,>'.- I a,lv,s,.,l « ,.1 1 , st 
 
 ,„.,.hins,„. |.:s,i', who thon:.ht it v..ry pro,„.r. an,l a...o,.,hi,..ly at ,ny "■;"'• I"' .; 
 
 a p,.titioM, hat upon iH.-.h., n-ahrati.... an,. h..arin., ot tl pina.n ..t ,h,. . .,..u t..l, 
 
 la. thonu'ht it h.st not to pr.s,.nt il. , , ., , , ,.\v„.|- 
 
 l|.i. \ \W-.m takin- .h.wn hons.s at th. So.ith ...,., t., h.ul.l a n.w l,n.. ... W . .k- 
 |.,.|. ) -. v" .1 .1, ,1 of .aniiona,lin|,' ,m holh m,I,- ih,- lin.'s for ...any .lays 
 
 pas,. ' S,.v,.ral -hots ,.,,0,. Ihro' h.,ns,.s at ,h,. Sonth .n... Cai... l".."'.' I-' '- ''■- 
 
 '"^." Ti;.s. s..v.ra. ..avs pa-t hav,. ...h-hly .p.i.t. Th. w.a-ks at n„. Sonth- 
 
 ,var.. .„ on. V.st..nlay „„. Crh,.,,,- Man „f war arriv.^ in 7 w..ks trotu .a,,,, ,n, - 
 hri,,.sa,.vh..s,,f.,a.,.,.iv.n,,.as,,r.shy .\...,,i,.is.ra.H,n-..K.....n,.nts_on, thon n^ 
 
 Marin.s, anoth,.r .V.hniral with a ll,..t of naa. .'f war ,v... - a>al < ..n,a.,l (.a-. ...H, 
 
 '";;"'u,. ,.. Thi, naanin, two 1 ,1. K.t.h.- ....'1 -v.-l ^i-'. 'I '- "'"' J '■ 
 
 sol,ii.,., saih.,1 ,n, a -, .av, ,.M.,.h.i..n. i> i- - "■' ' ' ' ■' ^'''l' ^-^•■"^"'^ '" ' """ 
 
 Mh, r,.tak..n hy ■ "l,al.. h-a.-. an,l ,.,,rri..l on.. <',.p, A.,.. as,, ,0 ,1, ...... o 
 
 ,1,., „ l,t>..a,n.nwha.|, ,h,> ,..„k iV.an .h,.,nan„t war - ,1 tu.t ,l,liv..,.l .n-1 
 
 huais to hoinhar,. th,. town. 
 17 
 
194 
 
 ( iii.'oNK i.i; OK 'I'm: >ii.(;i:. 
 
 )'►"'. 'I'ht rr(ivinii;il< tVnrn I. inns Dam lii-cltai-ufil tin ii- rannnii at rlic IJi L;ulai'>, a^ 
 Iln'V rt-licvc iriiaiil at tin- liiif> - * ( 'iic Cui'iJurai killi-tl \\iili a cannon t>all. 
 
 ItJ"'. A iifiifij man Iti-lcmiiinL' tip wlu-i-liniJ a l<arriiw load i.t' in tin- 
 
 Stri'i'ls, till' l'rov(i.-t caini' tip tn liiiii ami caniil liiin tii a jiivat ik^;rif. Tlif ni"_'rii 
 ccni^cinii.^ Ill" liis intincriK-i- askcil liiiii why liu d'nl ^l^ — he wa> toKI it was I'nr wlit'i-linjr 
 Iiis liaiTou' at llii- siiU- nl'tlic ^Ii-i'i-t ;iinl lint in tin- iniddli-. — Guni-ral (iay:i' sullt-tl this 
 ilay U'V I.iinilcin ami lift MVi'fal tliiin>aml Inlialnlanis in town wijo are tiitliTint; llio 
 want tit' Hrcail am! i*vri*y m-fcs^ary nf lilV'. 
 
 ];»"'. Ciihim-l JJiri-Ii ot' lliL' I.i,L'!illii»r>i' I>raL:'i.in,-; \vcnt tu \ ii-w nni- Mrctinuliouso 
 [Hrattli' St.] whii'li was ili'>lim-il liir a liiilin^' Sihiiol I'.ir tliu Diaiiiinns. It was ilc- 
 sijiiit-ii t(i fU-ar tin- llimr, Limil] tu put two IVct ul'tan cnvi'i-fii witji li<irsi'(ltin;rto make 
 it I'la^tif. — lint whi-ii it was cnnsiilcfi'ii tliat the Pillars must lie taki'ii away, wliicli 
 WdiiUl lirinu' iliiwii tin' idnf, tiny allfi'ril thiar inimi, — sii that tin' Pillars ^aviil ns. 
 
 17"'. 'i'wii lliiatin;; halli riis t'nnit tin- rrnvincials. iVoni Catnliridvrt' rivrr, tin-il a 
 initnln-r nC caminn intn tlu' Caiiiii at tin- ('iiin:min. tlu' shut went tlirn Iniii^-i-s by tin' 
 Lainh Tavfrn \r. — A ih-i rli'-. wli-i rami' in this imirnin^'. says mii' nt' tin- Catumn 
 s)ilit, ami kilhil ami wtmnthd srviial. ."i nr ti hats, a wai'tcnat and part cd' a Imat 
 caino on sjiori' at tlu- luiltnni id' tin- (.'nnnmiii. 
 
 L'.'j"'. Si-vi'i-al nijihts jiast tin- wlnih- .-irniy was .irih-i-i-d mil to nndrt-s: Iln- caiuinn 
 
 all hiadi-i! with i:ra)u- slmt tVnm a t'nil aiipn-lu-iision tin- Pmvim-ials wi.nhl maki- an 
 ati.u-k npnn tin- tuuii. 'liu- *ii-i-i-i> (laradi-il all night liy tin- Liuht Iliirsr. 
 
 I'T"'. Till spariiins (//(/ Sui'll, Mnliiuj house, taki-n ]i(issi-ssiiin nf li\ Iln- l-inhi 
 lior.so 17"' l!i-t;inu-nl id' I)i-a'.^iiiin- (-.iinmandi-il hy l.ii-n' f'ld" Kainm-l Hin-h. 'I'lu' 
 I'tilpit. pows ami si-ats, all rnt tn pii-i-i-s and rarrii-d idV in the most savau^- inanm-r 
 as ran In- t-\pri-s,.i-d and iK-stiin-d I'm- a ridiiiLT si-lnml. Tin- In-antil'nl i ai-vi-it prw 
 with tlu- silk t'nrnitnri' "f Pi-ai-un Ilnldiard's w-as taki-n ilnwn and rarrii-d tu 's 
 
 lliinse- hy an cdlii-i-r ami inaih- a hn^ sly, . Tin- almvi- was i-lVc i-ti-d hy tin- scilii-ilaiiini 
 (if (ieiu-ral ISnri^oyiu-. 
 
 ;10"i. .\ snidii-r, iini- i.t'lhi- l.i;;lit-hnrsL- nn-ll was han.. d at tlu- In ad ul' Ih.-ir i-anip 
 I'lir ath-inptini; tn di-si-rt. rnn-lamation i-sni-d hy liini-ral lluwi- t'or tin- Irdiahi- 
 tnnts to sii.'ii an .\sso(-iation to take amis Oie. 
 
 Nov(-in!ier ^"'. ,\ I'rm-laniatiitn issin-d for pt-oph- In ,^ive in Ilu-ir nann-s to l'o out 
 of low II. hilt iii-1'ore ihe time liniileii expired a -lop was put to it. This like oiln-rs 
 of the kind sc-enis only desij;iied to (-ontiniie the vesalion of the jn-ople. 
 
 !)"'. ' i-M-ral (oinpaiiies of Keeiilars frnni Cliarh-stowii went over to I'hip's lariii 
 to take a iininiier of Cattle feedin.i; there. The I'rcivineials came npmi im-iii .-iiid 
 finoii drovi' them on hoard hoats al>er an t-nu'ii^ieiiieiit — it is .said several are 
 anil mme killed, Init liny supposed many of the I'rovineials killed. 
 
 li;"'. AMany people turned out of their houses for the troops to enter. T'lie keys of 
 (lur Jleetinjj house cellars di-manded of me hy .Major SIn-rilf hy order of General 
 IIowi-. Houses, fi nci-s, trees ^>;r. piilleil down and i-arried olf for fuel. .My wharf 
 and harn inilled .lowii hy order of (ieneral Hohiiison. Iteef, Mutton, I'ork at 1 , ('. 
 pf lioiind, (ieesi- II l-'owl~ il s. h. M. 
 
 r.)"'. .\ laru'e shi|i arrived I'nnii I'lymonih in KiKjland wilh almost every kind of 
 pro\ isioiis dead and alive. Iiol's, sheep, fowls din-ks. i-iru's, miiu-e meat \c. tiintier- 
 hread .<(-. Mimoi-iiiiiIum ■.'."i lieeimeiils of Kini,'s inio|is now in this disln.-ssed town. 
 •Jt"' Noveinlier. A Iran-port Ship i-arried aliont liiil of oiir Iiihahitanls to Point 
 .Shirley, line poor Dnti-li woniaii altempu-d to c-arry with her ahout 110 dollars. 
 Morri-on tlu- de-erti-r -i-i/ed ilu-in .-iiid carried tluin to Ihe low u Major. Ten ilolhirs 
 was stojiped hy him. 
 
( iii;oNi( i.K OF Tin; >ikm-: 
 
 lil.1 
 
 ]■' l)i I niilicr. A Ijir'jr I!riL''"illi onlinuwi' -tnri"^. :\ vi-ry v.iliiiM.' j'l'i/i' from 
 I.oiicinr h.k' II \>y (,'ii|U" Manly in ii Si/Ikhuht rrlvalrir I'nnn IIi-vitIv. 
 
 :;■'. A rr;ins|iiirt Ship saili'd lur I'niiit Shirley, wiili alimit tlir. r Imniln-il 
 InlialjitMiil". 
 
 7"'. A Uriir' I'riviili'cr ciill.'il tliv W:i^liiiii.'icin i.n.' in h.n- M.uiinilMK'. Crtiitairi, 
 with six i-iirriai^i' irniis ;inil M-vunly li\ v imii Mki'ii hy tin- Kowi-y mi:im of w.ir. 'I'lu- 
 riMiph' sonl til Miv^liinil in :i niiin <»t*war. 
 
 S'". 'I'lirrf ShijK, I'nnn l.unilun, (ila-Liuw .-mil l.ivir|j'Mil, with .-I'in« I'mv tin' army 
 — ii Uriii' I'nnn Aiiti^xna with llnin. tak-ni hy tin- wlialr Imat- Sa\ in one Hay. 
 
 l:i"'. Xvws ul' M'viM'al iniiir St n-i- Ship- l.i-in'.' taliiii hy tin' (.'miiiiniiial I'liv.ii.i i-s 
 ami wliuh* hnat-;. 
 
 17"'. Sahl'ith niurnin^ was tlismviTi-fl now wurks jrnini: tm at I'liip-'s I'artn vfi-y 
 iif.-tr — lipi.n which a canniniailf anti Iimnhai-ilnicnt fii-nri| and ('inilinnL'il the is, i;t, 
 anil :;i) t'nnn tlic lialt^•ry'^ of Chafh'.inwri and Ilu>i.in I'.iini. 'I'ln- man nt'war nf :'.!' 
 Cnns whii.'h lay i)|ipci-iio kipi a lon-lanl tiro. TIh' lir-t day a -Init t'r.nn .MiihT- liill 
 took IiiT ipiart'T and went thro* and thro' her — a >hot the iiiAt day passed my house 
 anil sirni'k voiinLC I)' I'addoLk- hat upon his head, a- In' wa- on 1)' Lloyd's hill. Ilu' 
 hall fell into his yard. Tlu' in;in ot'war slipt away iii tin,- iiiL'ht. 
 
 *JS''', Si'M-ral 'I'ransporf- with 'I'roops saih-d on an Mxpodition. 
 
 ,".i)"' Ili't'i'inhi'i'. .\ilininil .shnld.ini arrived I'nini KiiL-'hind in the Chaihani man of 
 war of ."ill nuns to siiper-eih' .Vdmiral lira.es. The KiiiL'- spieeli ariived. 
 
 I77il. .lannary .si"'. .\1 lay at half p.ist K l'..\l heiii;,' dark weathi'r the I'nuin- 
 
 ( i.il- .itiaekeil Charle-town, hiiriit the houses, n'niainiii'.; at Neek of land, earried otV 
 a seriiiit and a nninher of .Men. 
 
 .Inst a.s the firee he(.'an ai the I'lay-ln ii-i' of the llloekade of l!o-t,,n - whieh 
 with iiiiieh faintin::. frii^ht, and eonfiision. pri'\eiited the -eiiie. 
 
 K;"'. The f>/</ A'fiih Mvlimj hi,iixe. pulled down hy onler of lien'. Howe for 
 fuel for the IJefiiL'i - and Toiie-. 
 
 oii.i Kehrnary. .lu-1 at 11 oi lock at ni'_dil. -onu' wanton suld'er or otlher lind a 
 honih fnnn the haltery, at New lio-toii. whieh hnr-ted in the air. did no harm, Inil 
 made siieli an alarm a> oeoasioned a trre.it hhistiTinir. 
 
 I"'. .\l half past nine in the eveninir. M I'annoii tired fr the liins .at I'h.irle-iown 
 
 an 1 a nninher of sm.'ill arms at the Soldiers pnlliiiL' down the .Mills — -ay two men 
 killed and one woniided. The ni\t ila\ many camion tin d. 
 
 l:l'''. Thi- iliL'ht a lar'^e hody of the troops ahont :'.. oelo.k -et oil' on tlie lie 
 from the t'otilieaiinn. landed at l)orelie-ter Neik and -et tire to .-ill the luni-i's and 
 ham-, hio' 111 -iv pri-oner- who were Ceiiliiiel-. Col' l.e-.lie iVom the Cistle. 
 as-i-ted with the Troops there, and returned at se\en o'clock — No ein:aL'ement en- 
 .siied — The I*ro\ineials -^'tiards run oil'. 
 
 Tlnirsday u'."."' ♦ From the acconnt- of !)■ Ilil-on, and some other l)e-erter- tiom 
 the ''oiitinent::l army, ^reat preparations were inakini; to attack the Town, — caii-ed 
 very alariniii',' appndieii-iotis and di-tress of the Inhahitant-. 
 
 J'"' .Man-li Siiiiinliiii ni^ht halfpi-t 11. heean I'nim the Country, lioinlianl iit ami 
 
 eannotiade which eontinm d on Imlli -ides till morniin: and then ee.i-ed .mil luuan 
 
 aLTaifi L'nifs <f<ii/ e^eniiiL; at '.» and - ntimied all the n..;lit, and tlio' -cxeral hoii-e- 
 
 weie dam.i'jcd .iild pcr-oii- in me, it daliirer, my -ell vm, no one a- 1 can i< .on re- 
 ecivcd an,\ hurt. 
 
 T'l .March. .Mond.i.i - -o it'ler e.indle lijiit. came on a iii"-l icnilii. I.omli.ird- 
 
 tnent and c.iiinona<le, on Imtli -i>le-. .i- it' lic.iicn .iiid earth were i iu.i-.:cil. I iw or 
 
 > Miisl I.. J'.illi a- 111! J.I M.ii.'l, 
 
 . -..nioiav i t laiisi nln 
 
j;K) 
 
 iUitoMcM: i)y rm: sii:(,k. 
 
 >ix IS :uul LT'' >Im'I -Mink M". < lirinlnirs I -c. < Iimv"-. Winiitit-. — mir Um-v S^c 
 
 ~ Nftwiili^Imiiiin^'. tin- (■\ftv-i\i' liri- till niutniipj. r.ml U;irn :iny nf tin- Inliiih- 
 itiHils h.ixt* hi-i-n Iniit. tM-. pr a liiiK- Im.\ ;ii y]'' l,i:iU'. )umI lii- I. s \ni>U- — it i- ^aiil 
 MPim' t)l" till' x.lili.n -iill.rr.I. 
 
 .*»"' 'riu'-^ihtv. — Tills lu'iriiini;' ll;.- I'rtiviiu'ijiU win .ii-< nvrriii turlilViii:; tin- 
 liii.u!it> ut' Onrclu MiT— AlM.iit \-J ucl..-k 7 lituiiiM-m- r.i tin' Kiri;^- I r..M|.-. «-ni- 
 liiirkt'il ill Ti-.m-prirt'. n.nini.iiicltii liy t It-ncr;'! .Inrn- ulii'h u.ic in |;iti(l :it Dnf- 
 clif-liT-N. < Iv iunl tin- main lin.iv. with tin- LiLiht DlM'jonn- wn-f m U" "Ut :it tlir liiu-s 
 ill thr tii:;|il ^r. vVc Kiiilit nr tt ti Sliip^ -iiiltd ln-lnw — hut wliitlnr. ;i Hiii r_vr;iiH', 
 ill* tcnilili- -ii'lili II >tiinii wliidi ;iiii>f. in iIk' cvrniiii,'" pn \« nt< i|. nr ;i priti-iicr mily, 
 (■iiMi >!!y — iiiiiliiii;; \v;i' iitirinptiil. — Iniifiil (lie \ inli iii-"' ui ilir -turrii ninliicil it 
 itiiint^^ihK' tur .my luiiit tci l;iiiil — Soiiu' of tin* 'I'nui-pnrt-' w.ii- ilri\i-ii <ni (Invoriiors 
 l>l;iml. liiit u'.'t nir mill n-tiiriuij. 
 
 t!"'. 'I'lii> il:iy iIk- iitniu^t (ii-tr»-s< jiml ;iM\iily )■• mimuul; lli- lt« Iul:* ts !iii<| :t-"-nii- 
 jiti-r- \iv v<r \i-.. iinlir.- f)i'in;4: 'Aww to itiilciik tin* Kipi:-. Tiimp-. iuid t\;ic-ii;iif thi- 
 Tdwii. l>lr-<t,l i'l- (Jciil uur rt-.U-iiiplinii ilraws ni^zli. 
 
 ""' 'riiiir.-iliiy. Tlh- lii't iiiLilit :uiii this djiy the 'I'rct.ps nrc very lllI^iIy iiiipIi'Vi'tl 
 in ri'iiii'v inir i!i«ir -inn .;, (mmm'-m. ;iitiiiiiinili<iii — --.nh- itf tlie DriiL'unns mi liuanl, ilii' 
 llftiijii I •* I'Cc. \c., in >iiippiii;i tluir ynculs v<c. ■I'Ih- SiU'ciiiifn wiitr In tin- I'ltiimiiind- 
 in^i ntlifi r at lin\l)iiry, al llu' Oiirni'-t (!L->irc nl' tin- Inluiliiiaiit- am) i>y pi-rrni.--inn (»f 
 
 (nil' U'iWv. 
 
 Mai'fli n"'. Til. invMi all linny sukI mnMiintinn. tin irnnps with tin- lirfit-. .- aii.i 
 'rnrii'-: t-nil'arkiiiL;. 
 
 11''' Satiif«lay. 1)'. I)', i ) '. l;cfi-i\ . <| an-wi r iVi-ni llu- liti.< tVnin ("ul' Liarm-il 
 (niiiniaiiilini' nt!i('fr at Itnxl'itiy — \ -ic tin- alni\* i — Saluiilay ivciiin^^ It nrlni-k, 
 
 lu'irail iMiinnnailf. wliicli rniuinmd thr u Iml,- ni-lii — l )n.- I^ pniiinl >linl t:\ ilim' 
 
 niir Iinii-f. nnntlit r tlirn' till' t"-iici- and -iininu r Imii-r inln iIu- ( iardi n. Mini ^»\rral 
 siint. tlirn* riiy niijlilMiiii>' IlntiM-. 
 
 10"' I.nnlV liay V M. Kiiil»arkiii- nrdtr-; air --iivi-n tn dilivcr ( ri-i-n Urii-h r-qMtH 
 
 till' w'ufdi'ti and linen u'^nnil Snnir prr-nn- d* Ii\*ni| tli.ir -nnd'^, ollu-is lif !'..rri'd 
 
 tVniii tlu-ni. In a ^nat \aliK-. r^lmp^. >t(>rr--. Iinii>c^, idiiiid' nd. vi>m1s till tn piiccs 
 »si\ \c. W-ry di-ln--t d linns. 
 
 ll"'Mnnd;t\. Caniinnadi- lu-iian iilmut li.dt' pa-t 7 iVntii llatcii'- » liarf and mlur 
 l»altii\'s al near tin- Inriilicalitni, winch rnntimii-d nm-i niTh.- niulit. 
 
 I_"''. riti~ day and ni:jlil (piirt — tin* Snldi< rs -Imi up in ilt.ir Barracks, rvcipt 
 •;nnn' wiin wii'c ahniH. pliindcrini;. The wind hijli at N. \\\ The liihaliitaiil- 
 i:rciilly di-trc^M-d Ilir-i' fear llu- Tnwii wnnld h. -■ i nn tir- l.y ihc S..ldi<rs. 
 
 l;l"' \\\>hif,<tiotj. 'I"lu- Inhaliiiant^ in tin iitumvi di-tr.". tlirn" 1. .ir nt tlic Tnun 
 In inu di-li'nMd liy tin- Snldirr-. a jiarly id' New Vnik Carpenter- uilh a\e- tznin;;- 
 tlirn' tlie tn\Mi. IneakiiiL' "p<ii ln)n>e- AC. Snldi.r> and -ailnr" plniidejini; nt' 
 limi-i--. -In'p-. waielmn**-- — Sii^-ar and --all i\c. llimwn iiilu the I{i\i*r. uliicli was 
 'greatly cii\ i-n d u ilh hn.i-|in;id>. harrcU nt' llnnr. ImU'C furiiihire. cart^. trnek> ^<:c. 
 \<:c. — t hie IV r-nii Millered /'n;/r /lioi'i'iinif p'tnudji sftilimj, h\ iii- r-liippln^ Ik-Iml' cut 
 tn picei-- o^i . — Aiintlnr Jlre flion.^tnnf i>niiiiif< .v/iv/io;/, in >-a!l wanlnnly tlirnwn inln 
 the UiMr. 
 
 II"'. March. Thiir-dav . The same asnI-nM. i\., jM - ewhat n-trained hy tin; 
 
 ( telleral. 
 
 i:."' l-'riday. The (Icinral s.-iil t> tin- Sil-etimn and de-ired tluir innnediiitc 
 ntlendaiice, which wr ilid afciirdiiiL:ly. It was tn ae.(iiaiiit ii- that a- In- was ahtnit 
 reiiealin:-; t'mni ilic Tiavii. liir- julvict- Wii> t"r all the InluihiiaiU^ I'l keep in tin ir 
 
 
CIIKOX 
 
 l( l.F. <ll- TIIK >IK<:F, 
 
 HIT 
 
 licilis 
 
 !\nil lli'i' lii" 
 
 iiril'-r- «<Tr to iii.iuiT 11" I" 
 
 Liiiliiriiii-' i.f hU injup-. 'I'liMt til.' /■'■■in;'/ in 
 l,;irliuiir till till' II..I >Milvil. l.mil>-'l "ill' >"in-MM-> :iii' 
 
 li,- II. uM nut 111' iiii^wi r;il4. fur 
 1111 111' Will- wiMilil riiiiliiiii.' ill llif 
 
 1 (■iiiiiliii>li 
 
 lili-, tli.-it ill I ii- 
 
 llu 
 
 ; irijnii> iiu-l Willi liny oli-lrurtitiii i 
 
 Kiiiu 
 
 wliii-h Ih' "i-liiil 1" iiMii 
 
 11 ihiir ntri'iil 
 
 ]„■ sliiiulil -.1 lif 1" ili.-'riiivn. 
 
 1 -■riiul In- tlii.iiiil I 
 
 ii hi- ilulv to l.-iroy luii 
 
 rli of 111. prop- 
 
 fl-lV ill til.- lo«ll to pi- 
 
 ,\.iii ii liiiii'. 
 
 u-i Till lo till- -iii.pori 
 
 if ih.- li.l..l iiriiiy. 
 
 (Jl'lUTll 
 
 Kcl.ols I it wii' 
 
 I fllllll.T -.li'l lo 1I-. th.it »l 
 
 piol.iil.K' upon upi 
 
 I,, ,.v,.|- li.i.i -iilliiT.I i 
 iliriiiioii to ili.v, riiimM 
 
 )'i..p.i-i " 
 It. lli.v \M.iiM 1" 
 
 ill. «. 
 
 ■riu' 
 
 ill. ml 
 
 — 'rilMt I.vll.T> llll.l lllKM'il l..'tWi--l'll lli'll :ill'l 
 
 \f,- Wushliuifi, 
 
 Ililll ill 
 
 til. 
 
 ill' of Mr Wdslniii/lu 
 
 I'liiit li.iwcv. r iii>i'.'iiiti<"iiit tlu' (liiira.-itr of li 
 
 TliMt Ur lia.l wrot.i til 
 f lii- 
 
 Kxfolli-iu y. wi.i' 
 
 ■li to Ililll wii-i v.'i-y 
 
 iiiitliijiity of till' Kini; 
 /ll'.s ejcelhneij (Irneni 
 
 trilliii;.'— it oiiiilit Mot to li.i ^linii to Miiy 
 i.Hl till' iliroi'tion of our l..'lt.T> to l.im «ii 
 
 l.Hl l.y th. 
 .'—■\\ 
 
 I \VaMn;it:i,i, wliii-li lu- .li.l not iipprov.' ii 
 
 111 wliiiti'v.T Inti'lli- 
 
 . liiiil lii'.'n liiviii 
 
 to 111.' [{ulii'l-. tlio' in 
 
 lii< l.llor< to liiui, 
 
 Ir. (li.l not cliiir;. 
 
 Ililll 
 
 l„.l. II.- fill-Ill. r M.i.llK.i liml notliin:^ iiiriiin-'l tlio Si-KTt-imn, w 
 
 with I.i-inirii Hi 
 
 liMil li..- >lioiilil ceriMinly liin.- t:ik. n imli.- 
 
 .f it — Tin- (loll. Til! li 
 
 111. I il: 
 
 il.ark till- .liiy 111 
 
 .1 «a- l.il.l l.y (i.niTal l!ol..-i-t-oii i 
 
 -.loi-k. Tin Ito^inu-nl- 
 
 if thi'iil lil:ir-ii 
 
 l.irll if llP 
 
 1.1 IK 111.- Troops 
 
 I wo.iM 111- l.y lliri'O 
 
 lu.l ilowii till' wliavf. 
 
 Ciiar.l- anil ('ll.'Vall\ 
 
 !).■ F! 
 
 • till' riir.at of < Int C'riiiiml-. S.v.ra 
 
 oril.r to 1 
 
 B-liiuli tli.'y won- to p:i-- w.ro lillt 
 
 tivi'.- from till' Mall to pri'v.n 
 
 appi-anil to hi- f.-arfnl of an 
 
 .■inl.arkini;. 'I'lu'V ri'lnrniil to tlnir ipiarlir^ 
 
 Tin- niijlit pa-Ill toliralily .|iii.t. 
 
 .■n- plar.'.rni till- main -in .1- an.l wliarv.- in 
 lof tlii.-iiriii>-ipl>^^>trL'i'l- tliroii'-''- 
 
 1 Willi llll.l-' till.'.l Willi ll..r-.-.lun..'. larm- linil.- of 
 
 t a iMii'-nii ..f till' Coiuini-ntal Army. ■ni.'> maiiif. -My 
 ,„ai k. Tlio wiiiil proM'.l unfavoralili', pri'vont.-.l tlii'ir 
 
 lll'i' Satnr.la 
 
 Kaiii. 
 
 (irc'iit ili-tri'-- pliiniUriiii: 
 
 I7111 I.oi'.r- ilay. 'I'lii- iiioriiiii'.' at : 
 
 I'lo.'U. till- tio"l- 
 
 Cln'vanx .li' tr.-/.'. ('r..w fi'ut .-livw 
 
 cl ill ili,--lr.fl- to pr.'Mii 
 
 all 
 
 iiliaik.'.l at al.oni '.1 oi-lork al 
 
 .1 III. 
 
 vIl.Io tl. . 1 
 
 t liiiii'j pur-i 
 lil I'. 
 
 .11 fir.' 
 
 -.1. ■Ilii'V 
 
 ihiili tin V ili.l not i-arry 
 
 i.tV, tlu'V I'll 
 
 ili-nil iiiilii for ii-i 
 
 iM.at lit'l to 
 
 111.' Kinr. — 'I'liii- »a- till" nnliappy 
 
 .li-tr.--.'.| town itliro' a inaiiifi'-t intorpi 
 
 .-ition of ilivini' provi 
 
 li'iii 
 
 ,.) ivlii'viil froiii a 
 
 vho-i' nnparalli'il "ii-kiil- 
 
 profanity, iloliamlu'ry an 
 
 il rriii'lty is in. Aj.r.— ill!.', oniliirni-' a >i' 
 
 fr.iiii til. 
 
 I '.I'll April IT 
 
 to tlio 1 
 
 ■I" Mari'li ITTH. Iiiiini-iliatily iipoi 
 
 till' Hi'ot's sailinir tlii' 
 
 SoliTt Moll M'l olV. t 
 
 hn.nsli tlio lino--, lo lioxl'ii'y t" aiiiuaint (iun 
 
 till 
 
 of ihi- tinvn. 
 
 Afi.r 
 
 iiiiliii« 11 nn's-a 
 
 ao Ma 
 
 •ral \Va.-liin!,'toii "t 
 Waril aiil to (iiiioral 
 
 Wanl. oaiiu' lo 11- 
 
 al till' lini's anil -oon 
 
 iifti-r llio Tioii 
 
 tlio iiio>t politi' anil alli'i'iioiialo ma 
 
 • ral liini-ilf. »liii roioivi'il 11s 
 ; to Walortown to 
 
 :ii-iliiaiii 
 
 1 till' Coiini-il of tlii- lia|>py i-vinl. 
 
 ta.'liiiH'iit of •J.liiiii troop- 11 
 (ioncral riltliani wlio tin' 11. x 
 
 tak.' po<-.' 
 t .lav l.i';;an 
 
 tlio hi-tti-'r ■ 
 
 .'iirilv of till' Town. \ mmi 
 
 an.l pormilli'il il< to pa 
 
 T'lio (ii'iioral imnii'iliati'ly onkTiil a ilv- 
 
 ,-'iin of till' town iiiiiliT tliu eoininanil of 
 
 for 
 
 of I'oWlllT 
 
 tlii-ir work' in 
 
 fortifvini; Fortliill 
 
 l.i-r of loa.l.'il SIk'IIs "itli Irains 
 
 i-ri'il witli straw, wavv t.nii 
 
 111 in 111 
 
 l,.fl I.V 111.' \l 
 
 ar- lu'ar tlio fortifycatioii. 
 
.-TTit ^mmm.amm, 
 
 I! IS 
 
 (•iii;i)\i(t.F, oi' Tin; sikck. 
 
 Tin: r.iisioN minisi'kiss nruixc tut. sn'XJK. 
 
 Dr. Cliailcs C'li:imic('y, (iC llic Misl Clmich, (irllic OKI Urick, liciii;.r very 
 ohiioNioiis 111 till' royiili-'ts. li'l't liostdii lU tlio l»'u:iiiiiiii'4 of tlic i-icw, 
 iiiiil rcliinii'W when it I'insrd. ()?i tlir ix'cnnls ol' llif sucicty tlu! only 
 I'l'co^jjiiiliuii I'f till- tiiMilili> iiC llir liiiii' is luiiiiil III this i-nlry, iimiiT lialt; 
 of Aiijjjii^t l:!, ITTO : — 
 
 " At a Mi'i 11115; "' Ihi- I liiiirli iinil Cunnri'u'iitiiin : 
 
 " Voted: Tliiit nil llio I.iM.ii'ii Wih.'liH nt'llu' Wiiiddws i.f IhN Cliuri'li lir .l.'iivir.il 
 tci tlie Ciiniinisxiiry nf tlii.-i Cnllimy, ii]iiiii cuinliliuii liun \\\i'jlil< lie |ihh'ii| in thtir 
 Silfail, iinil till' ilill'iTiMiw ]i;iicl in t'li-li." 
 
 Dr. .Iiihii LMlhrnp, uf the (M.i Xorlli Ciiiiri'li, wliirh w;is ilostniyi'il I'ur 
 fuel. Irfl llic town. On liis rrtuiii. his Si.cii'ly iiiiil 'il In ITT'.I ullh Dr. 
 Klii'iir/.cr I'rniliiMtun's, iiI'li'rwMiiN niMUiii'.;' thi- :.'il Cliiircli. .loliii limit 
 anil Jiilin liMi'iiii ui'i'i' :\s<ii(.'i:iti' (i:! si 1 us of tin.' (•Id Siinlh. ."Mr. liaciMi, 
 friini siiiih' raiiscs nf i|is>ali-lai'tiiin, was ili>nii-sc,| l-'rii. s. 177"i. Ilo 
 wriil lo Sliickliiiil'..ti', ami cntrircl |ii)lilli'al lll'i' Mr. Ilnnl lia|i|ii'nnl In 
 lie alisi.Mil 1)11 a visit in lii'iiiil.liiu' whrn ihc ;jalr< ui'ir slml on Hoslon 
 Nci'K'. Wlioii 111' a|iiili('i| to 111' ailinillcil, lir was icl'iisi'il lirraiisi' he 
 woiilil not airri'i' lo ri'iiiaiii. Ilr wi-nl to Noithaiii|ilon. whi'ii' hi,' ilicd of 
 i-on-nmiillon Di'i'. .')0. 177."i. Tin' parsonago of llii' Society, adjoininir 
 till' Ml rliiiLi-hoiisi'. uhirh was Inillt liv (iov. Wiiitliroii for his ii'sidi'iioi; 
 was liiirni'il hy the lirilish for furl, .-is witc also somh liiir linllon-uood 
 lives which siirriMindcd il . To the same use was pill ,'U the intiTior 
 work of the .Me('tin;i-lion-r, exic'iil the sonndinLT-lioard and the cast 
 fjalleries. .\ riclily-wioiiiihl, canopied and daniask-fnrnishcd pew, de- 
 sij^iicd for liiirh in,'i!j;isl rales, ami riv:illinuf Ih.'it In Kini,''> C'li.'ipel, was 
 taken to .lohii Aniory's lioii-e and used as a hiw-siv. The edilicc wiis 
 so ontra'icil and defaced Ihal il was scleral years lieforc Ihc rcniiiaiit of 
 its iinpoM'ri-.|ied conurc;;alion was nlile |o rcstori' il lo Its dc-i'jnci! 
 pni|io-c. I'ldiii .Nov. '.I, 1777, to I'cli. ■.';;. 1 7,s:l, — except an inicrv;d 
 of tile nioiilli^ liclweeii 17sl--.'. when tlicy occiipicd the Ucprcsinlalivcs 
 
 r in the Did Slate lloii~e, ^ Ihc cnic..|-,.M;|ij,,|, UMr~liip|.i.d in Kine's 
 
 Chapel, where their ni'\t pa-tor. Dr. I'',ckli'y. iv.is ord. lined < li t. -.'7. 177!t. 
 'I'lie Old Soul h, after IicIiil; ie|iaiieil, was rcdcdiealed March •_', I7.S.;. 
 
 \ 
 
I 
 
 (■iii;oM(i.F. OK Tin; siK(ii:. 
 
 lil!) 
 
 Tlu' imlpil rcfrnlly slaiiaiii'j. ill it wiis Mili^tiluloil in 1.-<0S fur llif oiio 
 limit :il tlir vc^lnratioH uf tlii' c-dilh.-f. 
 
 •riic l.'cv. .In-.i,li Ilnwc, pastur (.r the Nfw South Climrli. diiMl :il 
 IlMrllonl. Aii.u L'.".. ITT.'i. 
 
 Dr. CooiKM-, III' r.r:itllr->tivct Cliuicli. having" tak.'ii so |ir.jiiiiiiciit a 
 jiart as a patiiol as t.) hav.i Im-cii uh-ikkmM by a liritisli ulliixT, Ml 
 ]l,,~toH will, his «ilV, April li;, ITT.Kl.'aviiii: his chihl, library, riiriiUurc 
 ami l.lalo, iutomliii- soon t.. ivtiiiii to the touii, aft.T rhlin^' :il".tit the 
 ,.oiiiiti-y for his health. He iini.U' his hoii.r at Wrslon. aii-l ivtuni.'.l to 
 Ilostoi", afl.T the Hvaciiatioii. TIm' fair of his M,...tii,!j;-liu,iM. is rof.MTO.l 
 1(1 ill Di'iu'oii XcwiH's diary. 
 
 'IMic iiiiiiislors of the two Haiitist Soeidies. with very similar naiiu'S, 
 were Kev, S, Slilliiiaii and Krv. 1. Skilliiiaii. The latter remained in 
 
 the liiwii. 
 
 Dr. Mather I'.yles, of IK.llis street, with t..iy proelivities, remained, 
 but was iiiaetivo. His eoneregatioii on their return soon sn|.erseded 
 
 iiiiii. 
 
 Mather I'.yles. ,Ir.. Ueetor of Christ, Chnreli, closed his ministry iho 
 
 day before llie iMtlie of Lexington. 
 
 Mr. Troiitlieek. of Kings Cliap.d, went, oil' in Nov.. 177."., and Dr. 
 Caner, the rector, left on the F.vaeiiation. as di<l al-. William Walter, 
 the rector of Trinity Chnivh. 'Hie associate, of Mr. Waller (.Mr. Sam- 
 uel l'arker),in a fniier.al .s.anioii which he preached upon Dr. Andrew 
 Kliol, said, that ■•Tliinking as an Ki)iscopal clergyman he would he 
 ubnoxioiis to the returning inhabitants, lie was packing his elfects pre- 
 paratory to .i..ing olf with the army, wii.'ii Dr. Kliot came to ,m ad\is- 
 ing him to remain, as, being a young man, and discreel, he had not 
 made hiin.sclf oll'ensivc." He look the adxicc and leim.iiied.