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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmA d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 4 i m Wii'v- 'liK-'itl i. ■.■/ .^ i 4 1 i WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST 1 '^<' >t •4 ^X ^'" Wf m^ W mmmmi /■-mil •iJB*. OB?rf ^^ ■'•le^W'-Tliii.iOt: I t >p<-ife 4 /^T» mg a>j 'A 'ifx^^iiimu >. mum WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST FROM ORIGINAL WATER COLOR SKETCHES DRAWN FROM NATURE BY EMMA HOMAN THAYER AUTHOR OF "WILD FLOWERS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS," ETC. CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY 104 AND 106 Fourth Avenue, New York. fe^^ "» ^ I. ^ Copyright, 1887, Bv O. M. DUNHAM. m 4; :ri ^1 !i ' 1^ ^Zi KJGinS RESERVED. ClIROMO-LlTllonHAPHBH BV DoNALDSON BkOTHRBS, N«W YoRK. PKRSis W. L. Mershon & Co., Kahwav, N. J. I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO THE MEMORY OP MY FATHER GEORGE W. HOMAN. %'*^ ^ ¥ 'v-^:: -J %' SI 1*5! / ^->^l .i J !c3i!?s' 4 II, i 1^1 I'? "S^SB?!!^ INTRODUCTION.' In presenting this collection of Vjii\d Flowers, I haye selected those from my sketches that are most beloved by the people of the coast, and are new and of interest to lovers of wild flowers in the East. I have given them to you as I found them growing in their natural simplicity along the trails o' the mountains, and by the streams in the valleys. They are but a handful compared to the multitude we find all along the coast. All the varieties of the East ai-e found here. There is no peak so high, or valley so deep, but you see their lovely faces waiting to welcome you. They smile and nod as if inviting you to catch them. You reach up to pluck one, and you discover a bright-colored neigh- bor beckoning you higher, and so you climb to the very top, all unconscious of the dizzy height, lured on by these bright-arrayed children of the mountains. In the places most difficult of access I found the most beautiful flowers. It would seem as if they wished to hide the delicate members of their family from the rude gaze of the world, sheltered in some nook of the rocks, like a miniature conservatory tenderly cared for by the fairies of the mountains. Often you will see a most beautiful specimen growing just beyond your reach on some rugged point. The desire to possess it is so great you can hardly resist the danger- ous reach. I once saw a whole bed of fine bell-shape flowers on a point above me, im- possible to climb. I had spent days in trying to find this variety, and here they were a few feet above my head, but no human hand could touch them. They grew wondrously beautiful while I gazed, and I imagined they grew larger and larger until they looked like a whole chime of bells ringing out a dirge to my disappointed ambitions. In Southern California you can pick wild flowers every month in the year, and in February they make their appearance all over the state, and continue ^heir line of march up the coast, and by April you find them in the fields and woods of Oregon. To those who are familiar with the flowers of California, may they welcome these in my collection as old friends, and to those who are strangers, may they prove an introduc- tion to the home of the beautiful wild flowers of the Pacific Coast. E. H. T. i I (m \ ! M*^i la ' LIST OF PLATES. BUTTERCUPS. EVENING PRIMROSE. BURR-CLOVER. BABY BLUE EVES. YELLOW POPPY. LARKSPUR. WILD THRIFT. CLUSTER LILY. VIOLET. WILD VERBENA. BLUE BELLS. SNAP-DRAGON. SHOOTING STAR. WILD PEONY. CHINESE CIGARETTE BLOSSOM. WILD HELIOTROPE. " TIDY-TIPS." SNOW PLANT. FORGET-ME-NOT. WOOD LILY. AZALEA. SPOTTED LILY. SALMON BLOSSOMS AND PINK GRASS. MARIPOSA LILY. m u to I I 1 ' ■ i t i 1 1 K;,M l Wild Flowers of the Pacific Coast. BUTTERCUPS. As our train nears San Francisco we run on the long pier far out in the hay, and as we bourd one of the fine ferry- boats, a friend directs us to the front and says : " You get a finer view here." We have an indistinct remembrance of his continuing to talk, but in our surprise and delight at the view we do not hear him. The magnificent bay is before us. In the distance we see the city of San Francisco, with its hundred of spires tipped with brasses shining out in the sun. The bay is as smooth as a mirror, stately ocean ships and " men-of-war" are coming in or going out. The ferry-boats, so large and fine, they remind us of the Boston steamboats in size and grandeur. Yachts and fishing smacks lie side by side, and the saucy little tug goes flying in and out, peeping here and there in her inquisitive way, as if wishing to know her neigh- bors' business. Flags arc flying, and every nation is represented, but with their colors we. see a flag that seems to act as host and guardian, and wc recognize the Stars and Stripes. White-winged birds fly abreast our boat and lead the way, as if bidding us a welcome. How beautiful it is, and we seat ■ "Jj^NRSwww.*/*-^^" y^ ''i 'm: _Jgu' '■' m ji?'' \t -I IQ WILD FLOWERS Ol-" THE PACIFIC COAST. ourselves comfortably to enjoy it all, when we are gently touched upon the arm, and a voice low but distinct asks : " Grand Hotel ?" and the notes echo from every side, the first word changed, but the last ever the same — " Palace Hotel?" " Occidental Hotel ? " We stop the echo by saying, " Occidental Hotel, please." Our hand-bag and bundles disappear, and when we land the same quiet voice directs us to the coach, and we are wheeled away through the business portion of San Fran- cisco, and landed in the reception-room of the Occidental. Not a moment is lo.si, you arc shown a room and there you find your bags and bundles, which give it a home look, and you are left with a "Hope you'll find every thing comfortable, ma'm," which makes you feel the boy's your friend. I prepare for lunch, and the lonely feeling is just beginning to creep stealthily in when a rap is heard, which startles it. The door is opened, and a kind voice says, "Wid de compliments of Maj. Hooper, de pro-prietor of dis hotel," and a basket is placed upon my table filled with buttercups fresh cut, with odors of new mown hay and suggestions of country fields and bright- eyed daisies about them. The lonely feeling disappears. I select a bunch from the basket and arrange them for my belt, and am about to stab them with the long pin, when I change my mind. No ! I will paint th-jm Instead, they shall be my first ?keLch, and so my first day spent in San Francisco was devoted to this little bunch of buttercups that came from the fields back of Oakland. cd ;hc 1?" ital icn we xn- /oil oil m, -55f ing rhe 3 of ccd ol :ht- thc ;ta]] so th IS ot K ^ :ir ^^.£ Evening PRi|»tftosc ^ "W ?: t Mil ■m I EVENING* PRIMROSE. The second day after my arrival in Sacramento, I was told of a little Scotch girl who knew every wild flower for miles around, and at one of the flower festivals she had sent a great variety of them hcautifully arranged, and they were so much admired her name had been mentioned in a complimentary manner in the city papers. Through a mutual friend I made the acquaintance of the little girl — Jennie McClure. A call upon her, and we became friends at once. We made an engagement to go the next day in search of primroses. "Yes, she knew just where they grew, lovely white ones. We would have to walk quite a bit if I did not mind." I did " not mind." I was to call for Jennie at ten the next morning, but long before that hour she came for me. "I thought you had forgot the time, and I'd come on a bit and meet you I " " No, Jennie, I did not forget the hour. I was just starting when I saw you coming, but I am glad you came. I shall have your company so much the longer." " Do you mind if I take Tom with us ? He is my brother, and always goes with me when I go for flowers," and the sweet face brightened while she waited for my answer. " Have him come with us by all means. Where is he ?" " I felt most sure you'd like him to go, and I told him to w ^Smt mi *\ ] ' 1 •^i' & .; t \^\ i 1 ,-^ • ill 4^^ rj w /■;! ■ I ! 12 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST. pick a basket of oranges. We'll get so dry, walking in the sun, and after we eat the oranges we can put the flowers in the basket. Oh, here he comes! Tom, this is the lady, and she likes you to go," and Jennie brought him forward in the most motherly manner for his introduction. We took the street cars out to the edge of the town, and then Tom led the way, while Jennie talketl constantly, telling me of their many trips after flowers ; and she knew the exact piace to find the primroses, she had seen them " hundreds of times." *' You know, Tom, it is just the other side of the big flow." "Yes, Jennie, I know presaxley. Is the lady afraid of snakes ? " "Yes, Tom, I am. Why?" I asked in alarm. " 'Cause a bit to the left is a nest of 'um. I killed one on our last trip. Do you mind, Jennie?" "Yes, I do, Tom. But Papa said if we ran crooked, like this, they would not come out," and Jennie gathered up her short skirts and started. I followed, but Tom walked straight in the middle of the road in a most dignified manner. He carried a stick in his hand almost as large as himself, ready to defend us, did the snake make his appearance. But none came out, and we walked on again in safety, I to listen to wonderful snake stories from Tom, who, being only "ten, but going on eleven," had had wonderful experiences for one of his years. The "big flow" was reached; Tom hcl|>ed me over the stepping-stones safely, and the dainty " beauties " were soon dug up and nestling lovingly in my basket. 1 f k' I ' .^1 S'S". f h Burr Clover Wl I, III I f , 71 1 fell i 1 11 11; 11 . ■ i mm n fi!li ■WifW^PMW ^^ BURR CLOVER. Is there any thing more lovely than youth? — a young girl just coming into womanhood ? It is in California you find the loveliest girls in the world, large in stature and graceful in form. I have watched them by the hour, laughing and chatting, all unconscious of the great charm of their beauty — health. There is something about the air of California that is exhil- arating. It gives a kind of champagne pop to every thing. Men and women walk faster, ride faster, and live faster than in the East. Girls marry younger, and boys become men while yet iri their teens. It is the climate. Two young girls at my hotel interested me; they were great friends, and I found them well-informed and ever ready to give me information about their State, with a pride all possess who live in it. I met them one day, their faces flushed and their hands full of great bunches of burr clover. " Where did you get them?" I asked. "They are beautiful." The flower was new to me, and consequently of great value. "At the mission 'Dolo- res.' You can get just lovely ones there, " they answered. The next day found me at this wonderful mission, founded Ijy the Spanish Friars in the year 1776. The sexton points out the three little bells in the three square openings, and assures you they were brought from the Castle many years ago. The long narrow aisles lead you to the altar, and here we see what the H WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST. le t-«^-.4 sexton tells us is a painting of the Last Supper, the Madonna and the Christ, Saint Frances and Saint James. The walls, he tells us, are four feet thick, and they look fifty. A weak, closed- in feeling comes over you, and you think of tiie lovely fresh air outside, and when you reach it, give a prayer of thanksgiving that you are all'^wcd to breathe it again. " Do you want to see the graveyard, miss?" ** Yes, if it is not under cover and the sunshine is allowed to come in," I answered. " Plenty of sunshine there," and he leads the way. As we pass through the gate the okl man hows his head — so do I. We arc in the presence of th dust of those that have slept here over a hundred years. We read the inscriptions and find them in six different languages — I should say see them in six — the hieroglyphics on the Indian headstones we could not decipher, but are assured they are the names of great chieftains. On a board h:adstone, the lettering nearly washed out by the years of rain upon it, we see under the name the letters "V. C," and ask what it means. "Oh, that stands for Vigilance Committee; you will see that on some of the marble stones. Would I go further?" " No, I had seen enough, if he would allow me to pick some of the burr clcjver growing near." " Why, yes; take these growing near the slab of James Sul- livan, the world-renowned ' \'ankee Sullivan.' You see there is a 'V. Con it." I took them, r.ry' "-^ you see them in my sketch. " ■■ ill ' y ^ 'j w >* ' i»i»« ■'*?«•«. I \^, ■•tlj m ?v<^' :?:;;• I; r ii 1 i * nil ..■)'l " -*.^ ''4 f iS ^^' ■Ulil iill^^ I •ii Baby Plul Eyes Hi -K ' J . 1 M; f ^^'^i |il|:H ^j'^'- BABY BLUE EYES. '•S The name of " Monterey" has a charm for thousands rf tourists who have visited that beautiful place, in the last three years. Indeed the interest in this place dates back to 1842, when the United States seized the territory of California, but relinf[uished it the next day. Commodore Jones, of the Amer- ican navy, captured the fort of Monterey, and hoisted the Stars and Stripes, but the next morning he hauled down his flag, and apologized for his mistake. They were not hoisted again until July 7th, 1846, and then by Commodore Sloat with no intention of imitating his predecessor's example by pulling them down. " There is probably no place upon the coast so replete with natural charms as Monterey. Its exquisite beauty and variety of scenery is diversified v/ith ocean, ])ay, lake and streamlet ; mountain, hill and valley, and groves of oak, cypress, spruce, pine and other trees. The mountain views are very beautiful, particularly the Gabilan and Santa Cruz spurs." In a beautiful park not far from the town of Monterey stands the magnificent hotel called " The Del Monte." " This is perfection, a-dream," said an enthusiastic girl standing near me, the morning after mv arrival, and I could but echo her words. It was early, but the sun was far up, and its rays upon the freshly-watered grass threw countless diamonds on every blade. The cultivated flowers were everywhere — in artistic clusters, MS, 1 [ r i !! KH-.i I 1-. I :i! , iWi i' hi 1 i 1 :' i6 WILD n.OWKRS OF THE PACIFIC COAST, the hand of an artist had arranged their start in hfe, and they had fully repaid him by arraying themselves in colors that per- fectly blended with their neighbors. The temptation to walk could not be resisted. As we turned the corner of the house, the odor of heliotrope was so strong it made us wonder if the gardener was using the perfume in his watering-pot. But we soon discovered from whence came the delicious odor. A vine completely covered the end of the hotel ; it was up far above the second-story windows and thousands of blossoms were gracefully hanging from its branches. As we continued our walk, by the fountains and lakes we soon came to a grove of trc(;s th?4t had been left in their natural beauty. The grass was wild but smooth as velvet. On a little mound under a young bushy tree I saw what looked like a light- blue covering, and found peeping through the grass these pretty "blue babies'-eyes." They were so sweet, nestled away under this bush, too delicate and slender to bear the full rays of the sun, I could not pick them, but promised to spend the morning with them. Returning to the hotel for my colors, I took a hasty breakfast, and the rest of the morning found me seated by the side of these flowers so prettily named. They are one of the favorites of the flora on the coast. All seem to love them. The prettiest decorations for a table I ever saw were sea-shells filled with these beautiful flowers. A great variety of flowers grow around Monterey. The ladies bring in great bunches, making the " Dei Monte " look like a conservatory of wild flowers. Ai»#»., i i n i i iii w! i ijif m 1 1 i i " ii \ mm kiJia.^..--- ~i The look \C' 4 *4 'I i ft 1 11 i^ H!! I n. Lti'ivv ('o. ^ vi«:llo\v poppy. On one of my trips over the Northern Pacific road, at a little station called *' Santa Rosa," a man hurriedly entered the car, followed closely by his wife and little t;irl. I)epositin<( the many bundles on the seat, he kissed them both and said, "There! Good-by ! Take <(o()d care of yourselves and enjoy your trip." To the little t^irl he said, "Don't call me back or watch mc out of si<^ht, it's bad luck." So simple and honest was this warning, I became Interested in the man and watched him from the car window. Oh ! no wonder he did not want them to watch him out of sight. The tears were falling fast as he unhitched his horses and jumped in the wagon and drove away, not once looking toward the car that held those most dear to him. What a sacrifice of feelings was this man making, and perhaps of his means also. At this moment the train started. I felt so interested in this little family I offered some courtesy to the child, and soon had the mother in conversation. She had come to California when a young girl, with her father. Had married and settled on a ranch near Santa Rosa. Her husband, she said, had lived in the state nine years, and during that tin.e they had married and had this one little girl. "He ain't been back once," she said, "although his mother writes, constantly for him to come, and now since the tickets are so cheap, he insists on my going and takinir dau<>hter." i8 WILD FLOWERS OF THE rACIi-lC COAST. •^>' '• Too bad he could not go," I said. "Yes, I just begged him to go, but 'twas no use. 'Mother has never seen you or Annie,' he said, 'and you can tell her all about how I look, and I can't leave the ranche ; you must go.' I wontler if he's left the station?" "Yes, I saw him get in his wagon and drive away." "Oh! did you? llow did he look? Poor Papa," and the child's eyes filled with tears. I called her attention to some flowers along the road. She brightened up at once, and suddenly turning to me, asked, " Do you like wild flowers ? " " Yes, indeed I do ; do you ? " ' "I just love them. JMamma, where is my basket? Oh, here it is," and removing the paj)er she showed me some beau- tiful wild poppies. She had taken them with the earth about them so carefully, they looked as if thcv had not been disturbed. " I am taking them to grandmother, bather said she was sure to like them." "I know she will. Do you stop in San brancisco?" I inquired. " Yes, one day, with a cousin," she answered. I asked the [)ri\'ilege ot keeping the flowi rs for the dav. I wanted to paint them, because thev were the finest I had ever seen, and as a remembrance of the little party I liad met. As you look at them, you tan think of the tri[) they took, and wl may hope some of their descendants are now growing in the granrlmc^ther's garden. mii er o. nc ihc D o )li [Hi- nt C(l vas av :vcr As wc th( ij .... 1 h I fiXi I ill tv U'. ill in; I. Af»KSPUK LARKSPUR. I think one of the pleasantest short trips from San Fran- cisco is the one to the Geysers. It was my pleasure to go on the beautiful narrow-gauge raih-oad as far as Clovedale. The rest of the trip was made by stages. While waiting for the second coach I looked at the little town and thought its situation very beautiful. So pleased was I with it I forgot to demand, as my companions had done, the "best seat." " Well, ma'am, will you take this seat? It ain't noways pleasant, but as you ain't said nothing about no seat, maybe you're not particular." I looked up and saw a small space left between two women whose weight had already tested the springs, and being neither thin nor delicate myself, I hesitated. '• It'll be awful hot," said one of the women. " And dusty," said the second. "Yes, and crowded," said I. " If you ain't pressed for time I'd wait and engage the front seat on to-morrow's coach," said the polite agent standing near me. " I will be glad to do so," I said, much relieved, for the very thought of crowding in a seat between two women had made me feel warm and fatigued. We reached Clovedale (which is so prettily and appro- priately named) about noon. After a good luncheon, I walked i'ji Sirs 20 WILD FLOWCRS OF Till': TACIFIC COAST. out to the sulnirhs of the town and followed a path which led me to the top of a hill. As I walked, the pink clover in full bloom sent forth a lovely odor. On this hill, and on this (juiet afternoon, I found the lark- spur growing'. Its colors l(/oked richer against the background of clear blue skv, and I thought it worthv ot beinu" sketchetl. I could imagine Clovedale a New l^nuland town fi om tl ie flora I found ther slender ste The columbine, small, red and uiowin !>■ on ms, ufrows here as 1 t (1 oes in our eastern woods Tl le flat;" lily, purple, lavender and white, I found in abundance. tl ven tne clover had an eastern look an( 1 it W()U Id seem as n the flowers had formed : colony, and chosen this beautiful sjjot as their future home. The next dav, found me in the "front seat," by the SI de of the dri\er. It was mine b\' ri<'ht of en<>au"ement, much to the annoyance of the six fellow-passengers, all ot whom, with pockets well stocked with cigars, to bribe the dri\er, expected to take it. " I think you will fmd this seat much pleasanter, and I hope you are not sorry you staid o\'er, miss," said the kind- hearted agent. "Sorry? Oh no, I .im glad that circumstances detained me here. I shall always associate it with clo\er-blossoms, no matter when or where I see them growing." Crack! went the whip, the "leaders" ga\'e a sj>ring, and Clovedale, with its ()uiet homes, its honey-laden l)ees, antl flowers, leit behind us. i 1!! I r -_,.-. Wl LD-ThF(I TT 'I J i lit WILD TIIKII'T. W^ill you ^ro to the shore and take a bath ? is ahnost the first (|uestion asked you after iwachini;- Santa Cruz. It was a pleas- ini^" (juestion to me and I (|uiekly answered, "Yes, as soon as 1 Ivdvc had hmcheon." " Cars run ri^ht hy the door, miss, every fifteen minutes, take you ])huii!) up to the door of the baths, and )()U ean stay as loni;' as you hke for the same price." The (Lay bein^' the hitter jiart of March, was a httle cool, but the salt water in my bath was warm and delicious; yes, deli- cious. I know no other word that so well expresses a warm salt water bath after days of hot dusty travel. As I walked alont^ on the warm sand, thoroughly refreshed by my bath, with no particular aim in \iew, I came suddenly upon some writing with a ring drawn around it. I looked closely and read, " Go straight ahead fift\-seven steps, then turn to the right thirt\ t'.ree steps, and you will sec a mighty pretty flower." I read it the second time. Surely it had not been long written ; it looked as if freshly done in the yet damp sand. I had seen no one on the beach, and looked around to find the writer. In looking back I saw I had uncon- d tl sciously turned a i)omt on the beach, and the writer, whoever it 1 th 1 tl len saw for tl had been, was out of sight. I read again, anc first time foot-prints, so small they must be of a child, and the toes pointed toward the cliff. I followed the fi)ot-prints and WILD I'l.OWMRS Ol" rill". rAtllR- lOAST. ' :\ -:l|! l I*. i- 111 cainc t(i an old deserted l)()at that was lyini( closi- iij) under the hank, and hehind it and just ahoxe the toj), I saw a pair of dark- brown eyes. "Did \'ou write that for me?" I asked. "Yes, nuun," and thi.' hrij^ht ews twinkh-d. " llow (Hd you know I was lookini; ior llowers?" "Oh, I heard you ask at the hotel it there were an\' wild flowers jrrowintj on the beach, and I just knew there was, and I run ahead to let you know." " You are very j^'ood," I said. "Come out and let me sev. you, and it you will t^o with me I shall he ulad to sec the flowers.' She stood up and I tound her to he a youni*" i;irl about eleven years old, and the daui^hter of a flsh.erman 1I\ inj»- near the beach. She was a bri<'ht interestinu' littK- thin<>", and loved flowers. She j^ave me much information as we walked alonj^, and when we reached this patch ot wild thrift, I was informed that it was "the only lot that had blossomed this sprins^," As I made my sketch she chatted, and often the little face with the ])retty brown eyes would i;"et between ni)' brush and the blossoms I was sketchinjr. " I would just like some paints lik(^ yours. I'd paint everv flower as fast as they came out, if I had the j)aints." "You shall have a box for your kindness," I said, " and a lesson also, if you will come to the hotel with me." She was the hap])iest child that nii;ht in Santa Cruz. I beliexe she will, some (la\-, be a hne artist, as she showed wonderful talent in one so young. • the lark- W! IIU 1(1 1 1 C SCA, th c inc > Kill livini; y, and talked was )nng-. c face h and every and a ic was ic will, lent in ::>-) ,!;! h! ni' / / / ^iii t*- 11 !l ^ 1^ / / / / ^f -jrq a i'Mfl •m\ li) * <»Si i ■ ■ '■ V.:"\ m\:\ 1 f V ' 11 U I ^Jl 3 CLUSTER LILY. These lilies J think much iKJidsomer j^rowintr than in the sketch As we find them standing- erect on their delicate stems, each lily so perfect in the cluster, we are ready to say no brush can do them justice. Like the poppy, they ^row in patches, and instead of the yellow carj)et, we find the pur})le, huender and delicate biur, hut rarely the pink. I found these little flowrrs a great favorite with the young ladies. They can cho'' " from the color mosi. becoming, and wear them for a whole evenm-j without losing their freshness. I found the most perfect "' the^c lilies in ilie Napa X'^alley. This lovely valley seems to be 'he horn of the wild flowers: every wariety found in the state grows here, ind the growth is rich in size and color. Napa X'allcy is better known to eastern people than anv other in the state. It has gained a rtpu' tion for richness of soli and beautitul \ine\ards that make a . jurists wish to \isit it. I found all of the valleys e([uallv inviting. No matter in which direction yt)u may go, on any of the railroads, you are sure to find yourself in one of these lovely valleys, w ith ranches here and tliere, and every few miles a i)retty village with its cluiT'di steei)les rising high in the air, surmounted with little brass crosses and weather-cocks, that send the sun's rays far down the vallev. as if to liuitle the wearv traveler home. .r ii : 1 '!•' " 1 1 V 1 If- 1^ ^ WILD FLOWERS OF TIIK I'ACIFIC COAST. It was in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys I found the greatest variety of birds. I saw here a fine species of the road-runner, which is much like the cuckoo ; but in habits more like the pheasant in running, and its inability to fly. Perhaps the most interestini; of all birds is the California wood-pecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), which ha.^ the curious habit of borinc: holes in the bark of trees and fillin<>' them with acorns, which fit most accurately and closely in the cavities thus made. The object of this arrangement ai)pears to be to allow the grubs to fatten inside the acorns, which thus in time are found to contain a nice meal for the provident bird. The quail of California are very handsome. There are two species, and both ha\e elegant crests of long narrow feathers. In one species they turn backward, in the other forward. They are taller and more slender than the c|uail of the Eastern States. I am not a sportswoman, but I 1 ivc killed my quail. Once \\ hen a child, with a horse-hair n oose set as a trap, many o f them on a strinir stretched tiuht and fastened to little sticl KS. underneath which grains of wheat were scattered to entice the innocent bird to hang himself. And ajain while in Sacra- mento Valley with a party of friends, one of whom handed me r, little shcjt-ixun and said, " Point the si i '. I 'i Violet Wild' VIOLET. Have you ever visited San Jose? If you have you know much better than I can tell you of its beauties. No description of a i)lace can e(iual a visit. We may read of cities and beautiful countries, and get some idea of tlu m, but a \isit is never forgot- ten ; if pleasant, the memory remains through life. San Jose is situated in the heart of the lovely valley of Santa- Clara. On the east are the Coast Range of mountains, and on the west the Santa-Clara range. This charming place is called the Garden City of California, and the New Haven of the Pacific. Its wealth of trees, flowers and shrubbery, and the multifari- ous adornments of nature and art, make it one of the popular cities of the Coast. Almond Rock is one of the jjoints of interest, and the drive there the finest in the place. It was on this drive I first saw the violet, so called by the people of California, but so much resem- bling the pansy of the east, it was difficult for me not to call it by that pretty name gi\en to its sister. These in my sketch were growing in a pasture in which cows were feeding. With their bright-colored faces turned to the sun they covered nearly half an acre of ground. I selected this bunch, carefully removing the earth with them, much to the con- sternation of the cows, who drew near with curiosity, wondering, no dcMibt, why I was disturbing their pretty garden. It was in San Jose I saw such beautifully cultivated gardens. -X ) 26 wii.i) I'l.owi'.RS oi" Tiir. I'Aeiric coast. I I' «j ( Blossoms of all kinds j^row to an immcMise size. The roses were here in abundance, and so lariie and Inie I l)e<'<>ed some to send .•^^i to an Kastern friend, who thouj^ht iier roses the fmest in the country. She wrote me " \ou intended this hox of ]o\ely roses as a pleasure to me I am (juite sure, but they have broui^ht with them a desire so great to \ isit the land that ])roduces such marvelous flowers, I fear I shall not be contented or entirelv happy until I have seen them growing in their nati\e soil." Hedges of callas and geraniums are common here, and the heliotrope is trained as we would train the hone}suckle \ine in the East. I saw some fine groves of apricots and olives growing, and the English walnut is extensively culti\atetl. 'I'he friends who entertained me while at San Jose raised their own I'Lnglish wal- nuts, and cured and prepared their raisins. I became interested in the curing of raisins whiK- iii Cdi- fornia. Much attention is being given to it. They ha\e t\v(. methods of preparing them. One method consists in partially cutting through the stalk of the ri|K'nrd bunches of grapes and allowing them to shrink and dry upon the \ines 1)\- the heat of the sun. By the other method they are gathered and hung on lines, or laid on prepared floors to dry in the sun, When dried they are dipped in a hot lye, to w'hieh is added oli\e oil and a little salt. After (lij)ping, the fruit is laid on hurdles of wicker- work to drain, and is constantly exposed to tlu^ sun for about a fortnight. Fhe' raisins are then j)ulled from the stalk and packed into boxes ready for the eastern markets. ■~ It-. I E ! 1 I! ' II '.Vi ld Verb tN/ ! II li WILD VERBENA. From Los Angeles to Long Beach is two-thirds of a day's travel ; at least it was when I visited the place — by this time the railroad is finished through to the Beach, I am quite sure. It has a lovely beach and is a place that has much promise. It wi/. attract the better class wishing quiet and good bathing. I am told, in the extreme hot season families take their tents and pitch them in some nice sheltered place on the beach and remain there for many weeks. At this place I found under peculiar circumstances the wild verbena. I had started out quite early in the morning, having been directed where I would be likely to find it growing. I had heard much of the plant, and came here purposely to make a study of it. I had walked what seemed to me a mile or more along the beach, and not finding the tlower I so much desired, had turned back quite discouraged. I had gone but a short distance when a dog came leaping over the embankment and ran to me, much to my alarm ; but I soon discovered that he meant only kindness. He would run ahead, then wait until I came up to him ; some- times he would return and leap and jump about me and then run on ahead again. He kept on in this way for quite a half hour, when, nearing a irrovc of trees a short distance ahead, he ran toward them. I thought he had decided to leave me, and so walked on, but in a moment he came barking toward me. I II 28 WILD ILOWKRS OF TIIF. PACIFIC COAST. patted him on the head and he again turned toward the trees. I stood still, and when he turned and saw nie standing, he howled most piteously. 1 went toward him. He immediately went on, turning every instant to look at me. I could not understand the dog, hut followed him. W hen he saw me coming he commenced his old playiul manner. Sudtlenly he stopped and lay down. Directly in front of him I saw a beautiful vine of wild verbena. 1 can not tell you my astonishment. I looked at the verbena, then at the dog, who had stretched himself out as if intending to remain. I seated myself beside him, and the three hours I spent in making my j airtrng of this, the finest specimen I ha\e ever seen of wild verDena, the laithful animal ne\er left me, but remained quiet, sometimes asleep, sometimes looking at my hand as it a[)plied the colors. When finished he came with me to the hotel. I went to the office to in([uire if any one knew the dog; when they came out to look at him he had gone. I walked again on tlie beach the next morning, in hopes of seeing my kind companion of the day l)efore, but he did not ci)me. I went to the place I had first seen him and called, but he was not to be seen. I inipiired of some small l)o\s who I felt sure would know him from my description. No, they never "See no such cur." "lie is not a cur," I answeretl, " but a beautiful, intelligent dog." " Well, maybe he be, but we ain't seen him." It was with much regret I left I.ong Beach without again seeing the best friend I met while there. a mmm \ ' 1 9i~ 'I i I ii ! Blue Bell s i Hi ill it :;! I'i i i 1;! • 11! I BLUE BELLS. in On one of my trips out of San I'rancisco I visited a ])retty town called San Rafael. I should say I started to \isit it. In the same car with me I noticed a little hoy, whose face had such an anxious look I became interested in him. A woman sat beside him, and on her face he seemed to constantly keep his eyes. As we neared the town he said, " Now this is San Rafael. Let us i^et out." And picking u}) his bag he stood ready. The woman did not move but said : " Keep your seat, we go further." . ' " You told me we were coming here." No answer from the woman. "Where are you going to take me?" and the tears that had been ready all along sprang out, while the boy continued to look in the woman's face, the muscles of which never moved. The train started. "Where are you going?" He did not say mother, neither did he address her by name, but he had such a thin little fice, and such great sad eyes, my heart went out to the little fellow, and so interested had I become in him, I had forgotten to get off at San Rafael, and found myself carried along I knew not where. We had gone (juite a distance when the woman looked out of the window on my side of the car. The boy followed the look, so did I, and saw a huge pile of buildings, on the top of (I M i : It n wii.n ri.owKRS of tiif, pacific coast. which a wooden cross stood out plain and clear against the sky. "You're not going to take me there?" cried the hoy, and his little hands clutched her arm. By this time we reached the platform, and the huge buildings under the cross were before us. The woman picked uj) the bag, and taking the child by the arm they got off the train. I followed. Neither the woman nor the boy seemed to notice me. He, poor child, saw nothing but the woman's face and the buildings. A path led up to the entrance of the inclosure, and the woman, taking the child by the hand, walked rai)idly ahead. - " Oh ! what ha\e I done ? Please don't take me there," I heard the child saying, but the woman never spoke, but walked (juickly on. As she reached the gate it opened as if by magic, and the two disappeared behind it. I stood in the path with an acl-, in mv heart for the child behind the gate, who did not know "what he had (K)ne," or " why he was taken there." My situation was rather ludicrous. 1 stood there alone, - not a person to be seen. I walked back to the little platform and saw on a poster that the train would not return in six hours. Green fields were all about me, and in the distance a piece of woods that looketl cool and inviting. I walked over to them and found these jjretty blue flowers, with the dew still uj)on them. As I sketched them the dew disappeared, and .so, we will ln)pe, the tears did from the face of the dear little child. cl e, 111 s. ic m m [ i H :! \=^ ^1" ' 5n*p DfiAOOr i! K Hi , '!''^ ■' J 1 1 IS ' 1*TI SNAr-URAGON. The Sierra Nevada mountains of California are tlie larLjest and most interesting diain of mountains in the United States. The ranj^e, starting Irom Mt. St. Hernarchno, is about four hundred miles long, its peaks in i)laces t(nvering high above the snow line, Alt. Whitney being about six hundred feet higher than any ])eak yet measured in the Roeky Mountains. All of the very high peaks of the Sierra are of granite. In the north- ern part there are j)eaks of metamorphic rock, and many of the summits show volcanic materials. Lassen Peak, 10,577 ^^'<-'^ '^'"'^^ Mount Shasta, 14,440 feet (above the sea), are extinct volcanoes. Like an emerald ring encircling this huge finger, arc rich ranches to be found at its base, and far up the sides of the mountains. It was my good fortune to be entertained at one of these delightful places. While there, I had for my i)articu- lar use a fine saddle-horse, and his constant compani' u was a dog th;it belonged to no particular breed, and made up in faith- fulness what he lacked in Ix auty. One morning after an hour's ride I dismounted by a lovely bed of moss, and ha\ ing tied the horse to a young branch, I was soon interested in examining the cells and delicate colorings of the moss through a sm.dl magnifying-glass. The loud barking of the tlog attracted my attention, and I looked up, to discover the horse (juietly walking up the side of the mountain, nipi)ing the young leaves as he passed along. A' I .i l! i ' in;'' f^ ir iji 'i ' !| M III Mi 1 32 WILD FLOWHRS OF TilF. TACIFIC COAST. I calicd whoa ' He paid not the least attention to me, but walked, as I thought, a little faster. I (juickened my pace ; so did he. He kept close to the side of the mountain; so did T ; for the path grew narrower and more difficult. The space between us widened as we ascended. Turning a sharp angle I saw a small clearing and a house artistically built of logs against the side of tlie mountain. I sto{/d still, both from surprise and fatigue, and r,aw the horse walk straight up to the door. The door opened ; a man came out. He patted the horse, and that miserable animal that had not allowed me to get within reach of his head, actually laid it uiion the man's shoulder as it caressing him. Hot, dusly. my face red, and dress torn, I stood hesitating v.'lint to do. The dog decided for me. He gave a loud bark and ran forward. The man looked toward the dog and discoxercd me. H;^ raised his hat and came forward, saying, " I fear Dick a hard chase. I have owned that horse for six as 'jfiV'a vou years, and only kist spring sold him to the people on the ranchc below, This is the first chance liu has had to run home, and I am ii lad t Ifth o see hmi. IS IS his Will hi ()u come m ? home 1 wil stav 1 xy long enou^ h t o nve hini a little visit," I said. Inside the loir house I found the man's wife, a woman of ran d mtelhgence, who spent much time each day in collecting anc pressing wild flowers. It was near their place I found this snaj)- dragon. It grew in great abundance here, and I chose it as the finest of the flora seen duiing my stay in the ranche in the Sierra Ne\'ad'i mounlains. !■ I I' ! if II Ittl ■ '■ : 111 SHOOTING STAR. This p'etty cluster of st-itcly little flowers came from River Side, and reminds me of lo\ely homes, orange «ijroves, and beautiful gardens of cultivated flowers. Of all the wild flowers I found here I thouuht the shootinir star the finest. It grows in a modest sort of way, a little bush here and there, shooting" straight uj) as if to hokl its head above its nciijhb;)rs before uncoverinir the handsome face to the gaze of its companions, and then blushes and looks down, never again daring to raise its pretty lace. One of the blossoms ot tliis pretty bunch I saw o[)en. It was early morning, and wlicn 1 made my sketch a fine large bud was the first "laid on." and when I had quickly sketched the others and was about to finish the bud, 1 thought it mo\ed. I looked closely and saw one of the leaves slowly unfold, then another ([uictly sjiread out its lavender loveliness, and soon the bud I had carefully sketched in st(>od before me a full-blown flower. W'ith this fl«)wer I associate one of the f.'.n'st orange groves it was mv pleasure to vi>it while on tlie coast. I had finished mv work and was starting back to ni\' hotel, when I met a little boy — a manly little fellow about four years old. He was walking in the center of the road, and with each step a little cloud of dust followed him. He seemed so interested in these little whirl- winds he did not notice me until 1 spoke to him. " Where are you going, my little man?" M 34 WILD FLOWKRS OI' Tlir: I'ACiriC COAST. t " I's doing home," with a vigorous kick at the dust. " Where is your home, little boy ?" " In heben," he answered. I was amused by his answer, and leading him by the hand to a large stone by the roadside, I sat down and (juestioned him. I found out the little fellow was lost. He did not know in which direction was his home, as he said all of them were right. He wanted to sit on my lap. I took him up, and in a few moments the tired little fellow lay in my arms, asleep. The situation was growing interesting. There I sat on the highway with a strange little boy in my arms sr-nd asleep. I •vas wondering what I should do with him, when a carriage drawn by foaming horses came dashing down the road. As they came near me, I heard a scream, so sudden and painful I nearly dropped the child from my lap from fright. The horses stopped, a woman jumped out, and running toward me, she called, "Oh, Richie, darling, has mamma found you?" and almost snatchctl the boy from m\' arms. If she was glad to find her child. I was moie than jileascd to ha\e him found. Gathering uj) my sketches, I was about to " move on," when the mother rushed at me. "Oh, tell me, where did you find nn darling ? I ha\i' l)een nearly wild !" I explained, and then she (liscoxcied tlu' sketches in my hand. Soon we were very good triends. It cndrd in my driving with them to their home in our of those b(\\utilul groves of orange trees, from the odor of which one could in\agine the procession of a thousand brides passing. T ill ! ■1 , ! |l t WiLu Peony ■ js^X 'S ('■ ii 1 !■!" w ''i i . J St m ■i^ i ' ! 1 '■ Ml' ; ■ ' i ' ■ ' H ^i; WILD PEONY. Southern California lias many beautiful towns ; one of them is Pasadina. Its hue situation, even and delij^htful climate, make it one of the favorite resorts for both winter and summer. It Is in this lovely place the celebrated Raymond Hotel is situated. In the distance can be seen "Old Haldy" covered with snow, and nearer the magnificent range of the Sierra JVIadrc mountains. Below, and at the very foot-hills, fine ranches can be easily traced by their rich fields of growing grain, and here and there the golden poppy claims the ground, and looks like a bright yellow carpet. So vivid is its color that patches of them can be seen for miles. It was my good fortune to be entertained, while stopping in this charming j)lace, by a lady whose home was on the ridge, and in the midst of a fine orange grove. On the trees could be seen oranges, ri}.)e and green, and orange blossoms. It seemed so strange to me to see the blossoms on the same tree with the ripe fruit. The odor from this grove of orange trees was delicious. 'Ine early morning was to me the pleasantest part of the day. I was assigned the task of picking the oranges for breakfast, after being taught to know the full rii)e ones, which I assure you is a great knowledge. The i)retty little cottage was nearly covered with rose-vines. They ran far up on the roof, and were just coming into blossom. The place seemed like fairy-land. Who could not be happy in -iii I i, I;:. ; I i ' !l IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I '" '^ IIIIIM 2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 k?p 36 WILD I- LOWERS OF THE rAClFIC COAST, Hi .i' such a home witli such surroundings ? Just back of the house was the "Arro3'o," and I was told It was a perfect garden of wild flowers. A path well trod by lovers of Nature led me down to the very bed of the river. It was here I found the peony, a bush here and there, the branches lying on the ground. In growth they resemble the cultivated peony ; the flower, as you see, being much smaller, but extremely rich in color. There is something about the blossom of the wild peony that reminds me of a human face, and to this one with its face turned toward me, I felt like apologizing fir disturbing it. On my walk l)ack to the house I passed many varieties, and marked the spot of those I wished to secure, and promised each an early visit. The sun had set li.nt!; before I reached the ridoe, and near the top I found my friend anxiously waiting my return. "You have remained out too late," she said. "The ^Arroyo is a dangerous place after the sun has disappeared from it." "Tramps!" I asked in alarm. "Oh! no, no tramps, but those that tramp in it are in danger from the damp chilly air that takes the place of the sun- shine. But come, a good hot cup of tea will make you all right." Every moment spent in and near this beautilul pl.nce was a delight to me. The days were too short, was the only regret I had while here, but ever}' hour from the moment the sun made its appearance until it disappeared, found me, like the lovely flowers, enjoying its rays, and like them I thrivetl on it. m T^ i CH(NESECir.ARE:TTE-6L0SS0M CHINESE CIGARETTE BLOSSOM, ,i it While I was visiting Pasadina, my friend took mc to drive, and we paid a visit to that most interesting of all missions, "San Gabriel." The Spanish woman in charge was found. She came with the huge key in her hand. She looked at us for a moment, then opened the great door with her great key and walked in ; we fol- lowed. As we stepped upon the stone floor, worn smooth with the thousands of feet belonging to the thousands of souls now in eternity, a feeling of awe came over me. The Spanish guide motioned us to go up to the chancel. I would have obeyed her had she commanded me to kneel, or take any other position, so helpless and insignificant did I feel. We went up to the chan- cel and the guide pointed to the altar; not a word did she speak. I wished she would, but I had not the courage to address her in this sacred ancient place. The carvings and brasses about the altar were quaint and very old. My friend, who was a good Christian woman, whispered, " Do you believe these carvings represent the Apostles?" I could not answer her, neither could I prevent a smile. Oh! fatal smile; the guide saw it, and with her finger motioned us toward the door. We walked out like two culprits, and if the little windows had not been up very near the roof, I am sure I should have tried to escape through one. At the door we met a party coming in. Their guide was a Spaniard and spoke English. He handed his party over to the \[ \ ■\ III ';j i nr t 11^ I ■I ! 38 WILD flo\vi:rs of tiik pacific oast. silent Spanlsli woman, and asked most politely " if he could be of any service to us." I told him of my errand and desire to secure something from this interesting place. He "would he most hapj)y, senora," and leading us through the old house of the priests into the grounds of the mission, we found ourselves among the tombs of the monks, one of which attracted my attention. It seemed the oldest. The inscription was entirely gone, and across the top the bees were going in and out through a large crack. It made me think of the court riddle so familiar to all, " As they went out and in again, from the dead the li\ing cani'^ " etc. Growing near, with its branches shading the tomb, was a Chinese cigarette l)ush. I selected this bunch of blossoms in my sketch because it was the nearest to the tomb and the wind swayed it back and forth over the ashes of the monk who had rested there more than a hundred vcars. The missions of California are very old and interesting. Lower California was entered by the Jesuit missionaries in 1697. The first mission founded was in 1769. They built in all twenty-one mission establishments. The last built was in 1820. They selected for their sites the garden sjjots of the penin- sula, and throve remarkably until 1822, when Mexico became independent of Spain, This event was a death-blow to the Franciscans' establishments, and from that time forward they lost ground, and in 1840 were broken up altogether. Mi )C :o )C ic It - t ss It a zd )7 a 11 20. 1 li- ne ost ■?! 1 w. . ■■' i lii r I A >i..* :.:r...,^t-''^'... ,^f^ -*-*#S;uUi.„ Wild Heliotrope WILD IIFLIOTROPE. It was my .second day at Los Angeles when some friends calling, said, "We are going in the country for the day, will you come with us ? " "Yes, I would he so glad to go." W^e drove toward Pasadina, and when a few miles out we chose a pretty spot, cool anil shady, and preparcvl to remain the day. The country between Pasadina and Los Angeles Is very beautiful, and the place chosen for our picnic commanded a view of the country for miles around. In the distance we could see the handsome hotel called "The Raymond," a portion of Pasadina and the City of Los Angeles. A new town was being laid out near, and the hundreds of men In their red flannel shirts, with shovel and spade glistening in the sunshine as they flew In and out the ground, made a pretty picture. I found many varieties of wild flowers here : the Mariposa lily in great abundance, and was about to choose it for my study, when a little girl in our party came running to me. "Oh! come and see what a beautiful flower I have found. 1 did not pick It, for there were no others like it. Do come." I went with the child down in a ravine, and there found growing on a little mound this lovely heliotrope. It stood alone with the lavender blossoms on the very top, spread out like little plumes. I thought it so beautiful and wonderful. It was li i-^ ■ lil ii In 40 WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST. t ' the first wild heliotrope I had ever seen. Since then I have seen acres of them in full bloom, but they have not lost their beauty, and will always remain my favorite flower. I gave this sketch more time than any other in my collection, the flower is so finely marked and delicate in its growth. A stranger entering Los Angeles finds it difficult. to under- stand what nationality claims the city. We see the little adobe houses of the Mexicans, the most of them with no windows, the door letting in the only light. Now and then a Mexican family can be seen sitting on the steps and in the doorway chatting and laughing and seemingly very happy. A little further on the Chinaman places his name above the door, and one is told in very bad English that Wang Lee and Wong Tong and many other Wangs and Tongs will do your washing cheap. We turn the corner of the street and meet the Spanish woman with her headdress of Spanish lace, and her coal-black eyes that are ready to snap if you do not give her more than half the sidewalk. And, anxious to give her all, we run against an Italian, whose tall, slender figure looks taller as we make our apologies and he bows in turn his acknowledgment. A Frenchman waits upon us at table and a (lerman servant will tell you the city was settled by her country peo|)le. Americans you find here, some for their health, others for the lovely climate, choosing it for their winter home. Flowers blossom all winter long in the gardens, like a per- petual spring. 11 I 'I i^ .', *''.\. Ti DY-Ti PS i Mi ' I itt "TIDY-TIPS." .11 w 111 Does this bright styHsh blossom look as if it could in any way be connected with a Chinaman ? Well, it is, for to one I am indebted for it. It was while I was at Santa Barbara a young Chinaman was the chambermaid of the house in which I was stopping. He did up my room prom[)tly and neatly; he always wore white and it was white, not a spot or wrinkle in his suit. While at Santa Barbara I made many sketches, finding the flowers at this place very fine. I noticed that John made numerous trips near my table while tid)'ing u[) my room, and I know he was watching my brush as it washed in the colors. S[)ending a morning out in search of something new, and not finding it, I came home tired, and I fear a little cross. I met John near the door, but did not notic-. him, and went directly into my room. . There I found in a glass of water on my table these handsome tidy-tips. " Oh," I exclaimed, " they arc just what I have been look- ing for! Where did they come from?" They were prettily arranged and looked fresh, as if just picked. There was no card. I would go to the office and inquire. As I went out into the hall, there stood John, and smilingly asked : "You likec?" f !1 Ill f "i'. i^!'^; r. 2 IIH 42 WILD FLOWERS OF TML PACIFIC COAST. "Oh, yes ; very much. Where did you get them ?" " Woods, pickey," and he was gone When my sketch was finished, I asked him how he Hked them. He danced about, first on one foot and then on the other, and grinned. " Me likce much ; me Hkce big ! " We hear much about the Chinamen, and little in their favor, but during my stay on the coast, I found them excellent servants. While in San Francisco I went with a large party of friends, protected by a detective, to the Chinese quarters. I went into the cellars, and saw the old blind woman and her cats, "the joss house " and the opium dens, and saw the inhabitants stowed away like so many sardines. But I must not surround my pretty tidy-tips with this dense atmosphere. They came from the lovely woods where the air is pure, and the sunshine beautifies every thing it shines upon. There is no place it shines more beautifully than at Santa Barbara. My visit there was after the rainy season, and every thing in Nature was fresh and lovely. The clouds had disappeared, the small white watering-pots of heaven, each one trying to outdo the other in their sprinkle, had exhausted themselves and floated away to rest, leaving the sky clear and blue fur the rest of the year. ^^ ill! w ii ' S7 i 1 il I II; Si ■yif^:'r ^' Snow Plan-) ''■'\ I 'i I < warn SNOW PLANT. After our arrival in tlic Yoscmitc Valley my first inquiry was "Where shall I be likely to find the snow plant?" "On Glacier Point, " answered the polite attendant. "I will go there; how soon can I leave?" He looked at me a moment before answering: "You are obliged to start in the morning. It is a day's trip, and you need three very important things : A steady head, a good horse, and an experienced guide." " I have the head, and if you will engage for me the horse and guide, I will be ready to s^nrt in the morning." An English friend and his wife joined me, and we left the next morning at seven o'clock. Our guide was one of the best in the valley, an Indian by birth. Our horses were regular trail horses, and were not to be guided, so we gave them the rein but kept a firm hold for fear of their stumbling. About half way up, and as we came to a wider trail, called the " meeting |)lace," I ventured to look down. Never shall I forget the sight. It hapj)ened to be directly opposite the Yosemite Falls. The day before I had looked at them from the porch of my hotel, and thought them thousands of feet high ; now I looked down upon them, and could see the river on the mountain which gave them their supply. They were grand 44 WILD FLOWICKS OK Till': rACli'lC COAST. l)cyond description. On comes the river until it reaches tlic edge of the precipice, then it becomes a raging, roaring mass, sending thousands of glistening diamonds into the beautiful veil of soft mist below. Our guide reminds us it is time to start ; we mount our horses and turn with regret from the beautiful sight. The path now becomes more narrow, the turns sliarpir and more difficult. On one side the mountain, on the other, and w ithin a few inches, a chasm over two thousand feet deep. We are silent, not a word is spoken until the English lady exclaims to lur husband, who is just behind her, "Oh, John! take me off or I shall drop my head." " Keep your seat, madam," shouts the guide — " in a moment we shall be on Glacier Point;" and so we were. Suddenly the path widens, and we find ourseKes on a beautiful plateau, with a forest of trees in front of us, at the edge of which stands a pretty little hotel. After a good luncheon, I start out with the guide to find the much-coveted snow plant. After riding through the wood for a mile or so, we find three fine specimens. The snow was just disappearing from the ground around them, and they looked like little monuments of red ice u^listenin*^ in the sunshine. It is their own natural glisten that makes them so wondrously beau- tiful. The color and drawing of my sketch is correctly given ; but for the "glisten," think of it as a mold of red ice, this shape and color, with the bright sunshine upon it, and you have some idea of the wondcrfid flower. I- ; i 5 . ' '1 :, I W' «1 I ! Hri ' I i I < II i f r,i>..:,c' Wf. Not biK- .^1 FORGET-ME-NOT. It was while wc were on Glacier Point, and after a good night's rest, that we paid a visit to the Dome, a point in the mountain the highest I ever wish to visit. While our guide led the way through a fSrest of beautiful trees, it was difficult to imagine ourselves on the top of a mount- ain thousands of feet above the Yosemite Valley. We follow on a well-beaten path, and as we ride along see many varieties of wild flowers ; here and there the snow plant stands, dignified and alone, like a little red scntixiel keeping watch over the aerial domain. With every step we are going higher and higher, but so gradually we do not notice it. Then the ride is so cool and pleasant, we are thoroughly enjoying every moment. Here and there we see lying on the ground the trunk of an immense tree that is fast goincf to decav, and we know from the living trees and their reputation for hard and lasting wood, that these monsters must have lain there for scores of years ; and while every thing is so new and wonderful to us, it is not easy to imagine it has been just the same, with the same trees and rocks, for thousands and thousands of years. The absence of birds was noticeable. Not a note did I hear while making this trij) to the Dome, and yet the place was most inviting for them. They may be there at different seasons of the year, and it may be some important meeting called them 46 WILD FLOWERS Ol-" THE PACIFIC COAST. away on this particular morning, but true it was I did not see or hear one on my entire trip to " Glacier Point " and the " Dome," While wondering about the birds we find ourselves at the foot of an immense barren mountain, and we are told this is the " Dome." Our horses being sharp-shod we follow our guide and ride to the top. This is not a very difficult thing to do, as it is in the shape of a half egg, and the ascent is gradual. At the top we dismount and look at what r.ppears to be a sea of snow ; thousands and thousands of acres in every direction ; the tops ot some of the surrounding mountains perpetually and eternally covered with snow. Between them and us lay the "Yosemitc Valley," which now appears like a narrow opening in the fleecy clouds of snow. A feeling of desolation comes over me ; this vast sea of ice is chilling, and I turn to walk down the mountain. As I looked to get a good footing I discovered growing from a small opening in the rocks this little forget-me- not. An exclamation of delight iMought the whole party to my side. How suggestive of its name was this little flower growing here on this great barren mountain ? So small and delicate, waving us a welcome. No, little flower, you shall not" be forgotten ; and asking the others to wait I made a sketch of it just as it grew on the Dome, without disturbing the plant, but left it there to welcome others who may visit this terribly grand but desolate spot. il: Woo D Lily iiH i; , I m ■1 WOOD LILY. This pretty cluster of lilies I found in the woods in the northern part of Oregon, through which runs the Oregon Short Line Railroad. Long before the train stopped for dinner, I had noticed little white flowers along the road-side, hut so swiftly did we go I could not tell even the shape of the blossoms. When the dinner station was reached, I had a promise from the conductor that he would not leave me ; so, while the others were taking their dinner, I went into the woods and found this pretty cluster of white lilies. They grow in little clumps, just as I have given them to you. I carefully dug up this bunch, and arrived at the car just as the passengers were ready to enter it. Making inquiries, I found I could spend the night and day at the little house used for an eating station, and I decided to remain over until the next train, I spent the afternoon in making my sketch. Having given up my dinner, I relished an early tea. Then came the twilight, — a scene I shall ever remember. The sky became a delicate pink, then gold, as the setting sun disappeared behind the forest. The voice of the l)irds was hushed. The little house which was to shelter me for the night was the only one for miles around, and was situated in the heart of the great woods. It was so quiet and peaceful, a rest I had not known for weeks came to me. The people who kept the place seemed Mi 4« WILD FLOWERS OV THE PACIFIC COAST. i 1 to feci the same quiet, and did not, as was often my experience, ask questions. The longest remark put to me during that beautiful twilight was : •' If you think this is fine, get up at five o'clock to-morrow morning. It'll pay you. The birds will keep you company — plenty of music then." I took the advice, and, as has been said, " it paid me," As the sun cast its glorious rays above the tree-tops, it seemed as if thousands of birds sang to it their welcoming song. The fresh morning air, laden with the perfume of the woods, with its countless varieties of wild flowers, was so sweet and refreshing I wished the whole world, or the people in it, could enjoy it. From this little station to Portland was just a day's ride. The following morning found us gliding along by the side of the Columbia River, whose scenery I consider far more grand and beautiful than the scenery along the Hudson River. The banks of the Columbia are covered with beautiful trees and flowering shrubs. Waterfalls that resemble the falls in the Yosemite meet the eye as we pass along. The ri\er is as clear as crystal, and the reflections of the mountains are so perfect one can scarcely tell which are the real. Beautiful ferns and flowers arc everywhere. Just before reaching Portland and at the foot of the " Bridal Veil Falls," I saw some ferns that surpassed in beauty any I had ever seen under careful cultivation. Holding their stems up straight, they came far above my head, and were as fine and delicate as the " maiden's hair" fern. at •w if Its ng Ic. he ncl he nd he jar me JVC s, ;en ley the 11 ill n i i tf I / Az ALC A AZALEA. It was while visiting the Mariposa grove of big trees I found the azalea: a fine shrul) growing from four to six feet high, and bearing a l')lossom large, and rich in rolor, from pure white to a deep pink ; I am told the red and crimson are found, but I did not see them. This little l)unch I have gix'cn you in my sketch I prized above all others I saw while in the valley. W'e were on our way to the grove. The horses were walking, and we were admiring the beautiful scenery, when suddenly we heard a " Hello!" and the echo answered "Hello!!" The driver stopj)jd his horses and looked back. " Oh, it's old Rippen," and he called, "Come on, I'll wait lor you." An old man came panting ii[) the hill. " I knew you would, Jim. I thought this was your day. Load light or heavy ?" " Neither ; but room encnigh for you. Take the back seat." As he climbed in I saw in his hand a bunch of azaleas, the most beautiful blossoms I had ever seen. He saw me looking at them, and said, b^ine, ain't they? You'd see nothing like them in the valley. I went out of my way jiurpose for them. I ,l)ress flowers, madam, and there ain't much in the \'alley but what I have in my collection. Hax'e you noticed the trees ?" " Yes, I have, and greatly admired them." And I £;oon discovered that this old man [)ossessed a knowledge of the trees <^ ■ If I ii: ! V w 'I it lir 50 WILD rioWERS or THE PACIFIC COAST. to he envied. He knew the name of every i,ree from the largest to the smallest shrub. The trees of California, especially in the Yosemite, have a grandeur of character hardly surpasse(- in any part of the world. Of the pines, the sugar pine ( Pinus Lambertiana) I th'nk the finest, often reaching three hundred feet in height, straight -u-d dignified in its bearin<>", with the trunk clear of limbs for •.. . / and often thirty feet from the base. To stand on tl.e grountl and look up at its top branches is like looking miles high, and )ne can imaoinc the sun shinim>" on its hi<>"hest leaves, while ni<'ht has nearly overtaken the enormous roots that are in places from one to three feet abt)ve the ground — come out, as it were, to look aftef its young branches that every year are growing further and further away from their parental care. Of the other tree? seen on our trip, one I remember with special interest is tlie red wood (S. sempervirens). JMagnificent forests of the red wood are f()UPugh the air nearlv a thousand feet, and casting its spray like a blessing on all who pass it. Next is seen the Three Graces, with the soft pur[)le shadows thrown like garments about them, and then the "South Dome," and further on the summit of "Cloud's Rest;" and now we are in the valley, and driving quietly by the side of the lovely Mercede River we pass the wigwams of some of the native Indians who act as guides and fishermen in the valley. They will c<...ch the speckled trout when other fishermen, with their fine fishing-tackle, leave discouraged. The women ])ick berries and sell them at the hotels, and their bright and artistic dress adds much to the beauty of the surroundings. Our guide takes us to see the site selected for the grand hotel which is to be built; then to our hotel where breakfast awaits us : the spray of the Yosemite Vixlh cooling the air, while we eat the trout caught by our guide in the early morning before our start. M : • m aJ.' \ti^' .^^.^-^ Salmon BLOSiOM S Pink Gras5 wmmmma\x tn'iiitimiTMiwiwWWBBB'CU— .-. SALMON BLOSSOMS AND PINK GRASS. Tlic culvcrtiscd lime for the steamers to leave Portland for San PVancisco is midnight. Long before that hour the ])as- sengers had taken jjossession of their state-rooms. At ten o'eloek the main saloon presented a gay sce/(c. We had three bridal parties on the boat. I'laeh bride had ler many friends, and eaeh friend brought flowc is. The odor of the flowers, the merry voices of the bright young people, and the many colored lights from the handsome chandelier thrown upon them, made a bright and pretty i)icture. By eleven o'clock the saloon was quiet, all had retired, and when the huge wheels turned quickly in their start, sleep had taken possession of the passengers. The early morning found us on the Columbia River. The siirht that greeted us as w'e came out on the guards was grand and impressive. Hundreds of small salmon fishing smacks could l)e seen in every direction as we nearcd Astoria. The fisher- men had stretched enormous nets across the river, and on two occasions our steamer cut through them, much to the con- sternation of their owners, who, seeing the danger, vigorously attempted to(h"nv them in, but were obliged to abandon them as the great steamer cut its way, regardless of the damage it was doing to the valuable property of the fishermen. Salmon fishing is the i)rincipal occupation of the male population of Astoria. A man owning his little sailboat and fishing nets is considered to have a good start in life. Immense fill? i; ;--^2., i i; I. J6l ■■ ill 54 WILD I'LOWliRS OF IHE PACIFIC COAST. canninjT factorir^s arc sitiiatccl here, and the finest canned salmon used in this country comes from Astoria. The captain informed us our stop at Astoria would last for several hours, as the freight from this point was very heavy. The little town is built on the side of a hill, and commands a fine view of the river and surrounding country. We walked to the top of the principal street to see what once bore the dignified name of " fort," and was told, that " Right here on this spot Joh-i Jacob Astor built his fort and made his first trade for furs wiih the Indians." On the very top of the mound grew this fine salmon blossom, and a few feet away a bed of tall pink grass, the finest I had ever seen. It waved and noaded in the warm breeze, as if in\iting nr' to select its finest bunch to keep company with the pretty white blossoms that had been its neighbors, and from whom it was loth to part company. Our stay at Astoria was quite long enough to give me time for making my sketch, and by the time the "All aboard" was called \\ r were ready for the good dinner that was waiting for us. How handsome the cabin looked with its tuo long tables, every seat filled, and all seemingly bright and haj'[)}'. Tlie brides hid been ashore and gathered wild flowers, which were artistically arranged in ^heir belts. It was a prett)- sight, and to be witnessed but once on that irip/. y\t three o'clock we crossed the liar, and I, like the majority of the passengers, took my berth, not to leave it again until the Ciolden (late was reached, and San brancisco was in ;-.i<'ht. in wmmmmmmm -Js-.* i it* : b . ^ I - i % V; If Hip!!' Hi I Mariposa Lily MARIPOSA LILY. It was on our way out from the grove of big trees that I found this lovely lily, — a bed of them, in which I counted four- teen distinct markings. Every passenger in the coach got out to look at the bed. It was not large, being about four or five yards in circumference, and looked as if planted and [)rotected by some careful hand. The flowers looked hke so many but- terflies, with wings outspread ready for flight, their rich colors glistening in the sun. Mariposa county is named ior this flower, as also th-i grove of trees we had just left. A feeling of awe comes over me when I think of those giants of the forest, standing here and there as guardians of that mighty fruiiily. With the exception of "The Brothers" they do not grow- close together, and if they continue to grow as much in the next thousand years as they have in the past thousand, they have made a wise choice in securing ground room for growth. Much has been written of the "Wawona," and it is a duty, as well as pleasure, for each visitor to drive through it. Our coach, drawn by six horses, took us through the opening, and plentv of room to sj)are. All of the large trees show signs of hre being maile on the side of them, and it is supposed the Indians had their nre-worshij) here. I could well understand their love and worship for these li\ing gods. As Nature is $6 WILD FLOWERS OF THE TACIFIC COAST. H I i their worship, what could be more grand in nature than these ?" The tallest big tree yet discovered measures three hundred and fifty-two feet in height. The circumference of the largest, near the ground, sometimes reaches nearly one hundred feet ; many are over fifty feet in circumference at six feet above the ground. The cones of the big trees are small, some of them only one or two inches in length, but very regular and handsome. We spent the first night out at Washburn's. The start in the morning was at four o'clock. As we reached the top of the first hill the sun was just coming up, and a more glorious sight I never expect to witness. The grand forest on one side, with its branches garlanded with golden moss, glistening with the first rays of the rising sun. On the other side the- valley below us, with the sun shining through the rising mist. The spirited horses seemed to feel the inspiration ; the leaders turned the sharp angles in the most graceful manner. There were but two passengers this morning, and we both had the box scat. The horses seemed to fly over the ground, up hill and down. We held our breath for fear ; yet what seemed to us its element of danger made the drive so much the more exciting. We were told the railroad would soon reach Washburn's. It will perhaps make it more comfortable for timid passengers, but for me give me the coach-and-six. I would not exchange that morning's drive for a ride in the finest palace car across the Continent. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION BUTTERCUPS. RanuncnlaciiC Cali/orniius. Bcnth. More or less pilose ; stems erect, or nearly so, twelve to eighteen inches high ; root a cluster of somewhat thickened fibers ; radical leaves, commonly pinnately ternate, the leaflets laciniatcly cut into three to seven lobes or parts, which are usually linear; flowers five to ten lines in diameter ; petals usually ten to fourteen, narrowly obovate ; sepals shorter than the petals, reflexed ; akenes nearly two lines long, much flattened and with sharp edges; beak short and curved; heads compact, ovate or globular (Brewer & Watson). EVENING PRIMROSE. Gtnothcra Californica. Watson. Hoary-pubescent and more or less villous ; stems herbaceous from a running root- stock, decumbent, about a sp.il long; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, mostly petioled, sinuately toothed or irregularly pinnatifid two to four inches long; flowers large, white, becoming pinkish, axillary (Brewer & Watson). BURR-CLOVER. OrtltocarpHS lincarilobus. Bcnth. A foot high, above with hirsute or somewhat hispid pubescence ; leaves with few or several long and slender divisions ; floral ones equaling the densely spicate flowers, the tipsof their divisions commonly tinged with purple; calyx-lobes much longer than the tube and equaling that of the (purplish ?) corolla; sacs of the latter narrow, tapering gradually downward, much longer than tlccp ; the ovate-subulate teeth thickish and short (Brewer & Watson). -Tfe :>i' !i y 1 1 ! 58 BOTANICAL DILSCRirTlON. BABY ULUE-EYHS. Nc mop hi la Mcnztcsii. Hook and Am. Leaves pinnatcly parted into seven to nine oblong and sometimes two to three lobed small divisions ; corolla from light blue to nearly white, sprinkled with dark dots or spots, at least toward the center or (in cultivation) the spots confluent into a brownish purple eye ; its scales narrow and wholly adherent by one edge, the other edge densely ciliate ; seeds oval or oblong, either even or more or less tuberculate when ripe. Low or shady grounds not uncommon. Corolla from half an inch to near an inch in diameter (Brewer & Watson). YELLOW POPPY. Esclischoltzici Californica. Cham. Usually one to one and one-half feet high and rather stout, branching; flowers large, two to four inches in diameter, usually brilliant orange in the center; torus dilated and often broadly rimmed; capsule two and one-half inches long, curved ; seeds two-thirds of a line in diameter, reticulated; rhaphe obscure (Brewer & Watson). LARK.SPUR, Delphinium Californicnm. Torrcy and Gray. Stems nearly or rpiite smooth below ; leaves large, three to five-cieft, the divisions variously lobcd ; racemes strict, close-flowered above ; pedicels and flowers densely, velvety pubescent. Dry soils near the coast. Stems stout, two or more feet high. Lower leaves three to five inches in diameter, usually deeply fivc-cleft, the divisions cuncate at base and laciniately toothed or lobed. Floweni commonly a liglu but dull blue, often more or less tinged with violet (Brewer & Watson). tX,: BOTANICAL DF.SCRIPTION. 5^ WILD-THRIFT. Mescmbryanthcmum (cquilatcralc. Ilaworth. Perennial, with stout prostrate or ascending stems, and short ascending flowering branches, leaves very fleshy, opposite and clasping, linear, acutely triangular, one to three inches long, smooth ; flowers solitary, red pedicellated or nearly sessile, about one and one-half inches in diameter ; calyx tube turbinate, half an inch long or more, angled or terete ; the larger lobes often as long ; stigmas six to ten (Brewer & Watson). CLUSTER LILY. Drodi(ca capitatix. Bcnth. Leaves a foot long or more, two to ten lines wide, carinate, usually glaucous; scape a foot or two high, sometimes much shorter than the leaves ; flowers few to many, nearly sessile or on pedicels one to six lines long; perianth rather broadly funnel-form, six to ten lines long, from blue to purple or white; inner anthers nearly sessile, linear, two lines long, slightly shorter than the oblong lanceolate appendages; the outer smaller, on short, naked filaments broadly dilated at the base ; capsule ovate, sessile, three lines long; beaked by the slender style nearly as long; seeds several in each cell, two lines long (Brewer & Watson), VIOLET. Viola pcdinuuuria. Torrcy and Gray. Nearly glabrous, or somewhat puberulcnt, the ascending stems two to six inches high, from a slender decumbent or procumbent base ; leaves rhombic-cordate, with base usually truncate or abruptly cuncate, obtuse, one-half to one and one half inches long, often small, coarsely crenatc ; stipules foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, entire or gashed ; peduncles much exceeding the leaves; flowers showy, deep yellow; sepals oblong-lanceo- late, obtuse or acute ; petals six to nine lines long, tlie upper more or less tinged with brown, on the outside, the others veined with purple, lateral petals bearded ; capsule oblong-ovate, five to six lines long, glabrous (Brewer & Watson). •7« I'! vn v\ 60 nOTANICAL DESCRMTION. WILD VKRIJENA. Abrotiia itmbcllata. Lam. Perennial, prostrate, slender, viscidly puherulcnt, the stems often elongated, one to three feet high ; leaves nearly glabrous, ovate to narrowly oblong, one to one and one- half inches long, attenuate into a slender petiole, obtuse, the margin often somewhat sinuate ; peduncles two to six inches long; involucral bracts, small, narrowly lanceolate, two to three lines long, ten to fifteen-flowered ; perianth rose-colored, six to eight lines long, with emarginate lobes; fruit four to five lines long, nearly glabrous, the body oblong, attenuate at each end ; the thin wings nearly as long, rounded, broadest above and often truncate, narrowing downward to ti^e base of the fruit ; akene one and one-half lines long (Brewer & Watson). BLUE-HELLS. Phacclia Wliillavia. Gray. About a foot high, loosely branching, hirsute and glandular, .eaves ovate or deltoid, obtusely and incisely toothed, longer than the petiole ; raceme loose and elongating ; tube of the violet (or rarely white) corolla an inch or so long, twice or thrice the length of the rounded lobes and of the narrow calyx lobes ; stamens conspicuously exscrted (Brewer & Watson). SNAP-DRAGON. Mimuliis I'lticus. Linn, Erect or difTuse, from a fibrous annual root, and commonly perenni.i1 by short stolons, glabrous or merely puberulent ; the ordinary erect form a foot or two or even three or four feet high ; leaves ovate, oval or roundish, sometimes cordate, several-nerved from base or near it, sharply and irregularly dentate, or the lower occasionally lyrate-laciniate ; the upper sessile ; the floral becoming small and bract-like, often connate ; peduncles becoming racemose, equaling or shorter than the flower; calyx becoming ovate — inflated in fruit and the upper tooth conspicuously largest ; corolla from one and one-fourth to one and three-fourths of an inch long, yellow, often dotted within and sometimes blotched with brown-red or purple (Brewer ik WatsonJ. BOTANICAI, DESCRIPTION. 6 I SHOOTING STAR. Dodccathcon Mcadia, Linn. Leaves varying from obovate to lanceolate, entire or more or less toothed ; scope three to fifteen inches high ; umbel two to twenty llowereil. So far as we can make out only one species occurs, which extends across the continent, and on tlu- Pacific siile through fully forty degrees of latitude (viz.: from Gaudaloupe Island, Lower California, to those within Behring Straits), varying immensely and inextricably. The Pacific forms (which usually have rather shorter or blunter anthers than tl.e Atlantic), may, as to their leading features, be mainly but loosely arranged under many varieties (Brewer cSc Watson). - WILD PEONY. Pcconia Droivnii. Doiigl, Leaves thick, one or two-ternately, compound, the leaflets ternately and pinnately lobed; follicles three to five. San Bernardino to Vancouver and Western Utah, but rare east of the Sierra Nevada. Stems ten to eighteen inches high, smooth, striate, erect when growing, but gradually bending over until maturity, when the follicles rest on the ground. Leaves glaucous beneath, either glaucous or glabrous above. Sepals green, sometimes quite unequal in size. Petals scarcely larger than the sepals, thick and leathery, dull, dark red. Follicles very leathery, smooth, erect, one to one and one-half inches long. This i)lant endures a great range of station and climate, from wet to very dry soils, and from the hot plains of Southern California to near the confines of perpetual snow on the mountains (Brewer & Watson). CHIXESL CIGARETTE BLOSSOM. Nicotiana glaiica. Graham. Arborescent, soft-woody below, glaucous and glabrous ; leaves long-petioled, ovate and subio-ordate, entire or rcpand; (lowers loosely paniculate; corolla greenish, becoming yellow, inch or two long, tubular, contracted at throat, and with erect five-crenate Hmb not longer than the orifice.-Bot. Mag. t. 2837. Native of Buenos Ayres, not rare in cultivation, rather widely naturalized in S. California and S. Texas. "ic, 62 ROTANICAI, DF.SCRirTION. WILD IlKI.IOTROl'i:. Pliacclia ianacctifoliii. luitlli. Erect, one to three feet high, roii_i;liisli-liirsiitc or hispid ; leaves nine to seventeen, divided into linear or oblong-linear once or twice pinnatelyiiarteil or cleft divisions, all sessile or nearly so; the loi)es small and mostly linear-ohlong ; spikes cymosely cluslcired, at length elongated ; the very short p(;dicels ascending or erect ; corolla light violet or bluish ; stamens anil style usually very much exserted ; calyx-lobes linear or linear spatulate, not twice the length of the oval or t)blong-oval ca[)sule (Brewer & Watson). TIDY-TIl'S. Gaillardia arislala. Pins/t. Perennial, a span to a foot or more high ; lowest leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, sometimes pinnatifid, tapering into petioles ; the upper sessile and often entire ; bristles on the receptacle slender, much longer than the akencs, sometimes almost as long as the corolla ; rays ten to eighteen, an inch or more in length, yellow, sometimes tinged with purple at thi; very base. IMai.is and open ground, common through Oregon, extending to the .Saskatchewan region. SNOW PLANT. Sat'codcs sani;;iiinca. Torrcy. A stout, fleshy herb, a span or two in height, of a bright red color, more or less glandidar-pubescent, thickly clothed, at least up to the raceme, with firm, fleshy scales; the lower ones ovate and closely imbricated, the upper gradually more scattered, narrower, , and passing into the linear bracts, which mostly exceed the flowers, their margins glandular-ciliate ; pedicels erect, at least the upper ones short ; corolla half an inch long, rather llohy. glabrous. In conif<:rous forests, especially those of .Sequoia and Abies, through the Sierra Nevada, from four thousand to nine thousand feet, shooting forth and flowering as soon as the snow melts away (Brewer & Watson), BOTANICAL DKSCRiniON. 63 rORGl-T-ME-NOT. AfertiHsia Sibin'ca. Don, Smooth and ).;lal)roiis or nearly so, a foot or more hi^il), rather succulL-iit, K;afy ; leaves pale, ovate-lanccolale or obloiii,', acute, two to five inches long, or the lowest larger and broader, minutely ciliate ; (lowers at first clustered ; corolla half an inch or less long, much longer than the oblong, obtuse divisions of the calyx ; the five-cleft limb about half the length of the tube ; stamens protruding out of the throat, and the capillary style early projixting iieyond the lobes (IJrewer ii Watson). WOOD-LILY. Itrylhronium grandijlorum. Piirsh. Corm narrow, often two inches long ; leaves not mottled, always closely approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish and with broad and usually short petioles, three to four inches long, by one to two wide ; dowers solitary, or often in a raceme of two or six or more, yellow or cream color, with a more or less orange base; segments lanceolate, and somewha", acuminate, strongly recurved, one to two inches long, filaments long and slen- der ; anthers three to five lines long ; ovary and capsule narrowly oblong, narrowing to a short stipe ; capsule an inch long or more (Brewer & Watson). AZALEA. Rhododendron occuicntalc. Gray. Shrub two to six ftut high, leaves obovate-oblong, sometiiriLS approaching lanceolate, bright green and shining above, minutely pubescent, glabrate, the margins minutely hispid- ciliate; scales of the flower-bud somewhat canesccnt ; flowers a])pearing after the leaves; sepals distinct, oblong or oval, cons[)icuous ; corolla minutely viscid, pubescent outside, white (sometimes slightly rosy), with the upper lobe yellow inside; the narrow funnel- form tube equaling the dee|)ly five-cleft slightly irregular limb ; the lobes ovate ; stamens and style much exserted, moderately curved, capsule oblong (Brewer & Watson). 64 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION. SPOTTED LILY. Lilium Coliimbianum, Hanson. Bulb small (one and one-half to two inches in diameter), with lanceolate, acute, close!) -appressed whitish scales ; sicms two to three feet high or more, slender ; leaves in whorli of fivj to nine or sometimes more, the upper and lower scattered, oblanceolate, two to four inches long and six to fifteen lines wide, acute, smooth ; flowers few 'o many, scattered, on slender, curving, more or less divergent pedicels, three to six inches long ; segments one and one-half to two inches long and four to six 'ines wide, strongly r.:vo- lute, bright reddish orange, thickly-spotted ; stamens about equaling the style, twelve to fifteen lines long, with yellow, oblong anthers, two to three li;.es long ; capsule short, oblong, an inch long, acutely six-angled (Brewer & Watson). i Ilk t- SALMON-BLOSSOM AND PINK GRASS. Rnbus Nutkanus. Mocino. Stems erect or drooping, th- ::e to eight feet high : bark green and smooth or !.iore or less glandu'ar-pubescent, becoming brown and shreddy ; leaves palinately and nearly equally five-lobe 1, cordate at base, uneqi:?My serrate, four to twelve inches broad, the lobes acute or acuminate, glabrous or somewhat tomentcse, the veins b< !!cath as well ab th;! petioles and peduncles usually more or less hispid with glard-tippt'l hairs; stipules lanceolate acuminat • ; flowers ratlier fc'v, white, an inch or two broad ; calyx densely tomentose, carpels very numerous, tomentcse ; fruit large md pleasantly flavored (Brewer i?; Watson). A 1^ MARIPOSA LILY. Calochortus. Pursh, Perianth decidu'^us. of six distinC species; segments, inc three outer lanceolate, greenish and more or less scpaloid, he inner mostly broadly cuneate-obovate, usually with a conspicuous glandular pit ne.^r tlie base and very variously colored. This is perhaps a form of Calochortns lutctis. Dougl. ■t. i I