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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 I WHAT IS THE RESULT or- THE CAIVADIAlX ELECTIONS? FULLY ANSWERED. FROM TlIK DAILY AUV ftlliTIsKU. (SEfONM KIJlTTOiV, ('OR R E OT E D. • MONTREAL; TO JOHxN ARTHUR ROEBUCK, ESQ., M. P. RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY THE EDITORS OF THE DAILY ADVERTISER. MoNTRSAt, December 8, 1834. ADVERTISEMENT TO TilE SECOND EDITION S.NC. 11,0 f,r., KJUion „.„„ ,„ Pre., „„ ,,.„ ,,„„„ „„„,,„, ,„ „,.^„ ^^____^ 1 «..:";: " '■"? '"""^"^ •"'"' - °'"-- »•■""■ ■>-- "■'■«- "-« >» °« Foil ,™ rcmovodlotl,„„„,!,J„Jf,,„l°.'" ,;>:'■ "[""''""! "': "'" '«■ "" Ui»t >l»y III. Win 'r;':,:ir;:; '"'" "- '""- ■"°"="" - ^«'-« *• "«'■■"-■ '^-c.^-. of irZ",'' °''*°7 V"" "'"° " """" 'l""=l»ncybo„vce„ the « "ot been fjiven ; conse^. founded on error. ^ """° "' ^*'° ^^^°"''«^'^ '''1'^°' '^or Huron in the same paper is Montreal, Deeember 20, 183-1' f ^•f WHAT IS THE RESULT or THE ELECTIONS? &,c. LOWER CANADA. What is tlic result of the Gcnnral Election ? Tiiis Id a question wliicli lliu people of Eng- land arc accustomed to ask when an Elec- tion lias turned on some important principle of Lejrislation. May not we who are fond of imitiitinjf the Motlier Country — fund of mak- ing it apjioiir that in all thinirs our ('oiistitu- tion is a mimic of that of Great nritain — ask ourselves n similar question. Wliiit is the re- sult of the General Election ! The question is at this moment of peculiar importance, and we shall endeavour to answer it with preci- sion. We must begin with some preliminary ob- servations. The Canadian Constitution is said to be a copy of liiat of Great Britain. If it be a copy, those who made it did not understand their original. Copy or no copy, however, the supposed parallel has led to some important results. Not an epithet has been applied to that of Great Britain which has unt been caught up with avidity, and, right or wron;,', attached blindly to our inimitable copy. In the Mother Country, for instance, it has long been the delight of those who protit, and those who hope to profit by abuse, to hold uj) that anomalous and ever changeful entity to which we are alluding, as something which it is dangerous to attempt even to improve. Acting on this approved principle, we have a set of parrot-like imitators in this Colony, who deem itbecoming to what they nickname " British feeling," to apply to the supposed copy all those eulogistic epithets which have for their object to bespeak popular venera- tion for tiiat which the experience of the last few years has demonstrated to be a perfect failure. That for which the Whig Constitution of 1638 — "the glorious Constitution" — has been most admired, has recently boon discoveroH to be a thing of the imagination. For up- wards of a century it was held trfason,iblu to doubt "the admirable working of the ma- chine' — 'the perfect independuiicc of it:j so- parnte parts' — 'the beautiful harm. my which pervaded the whole' — 'the i m mediralriv wiiicji kept it in ordiir' — ' the adniirabli! balance' — • the ciieck which each one of \x^ rleinnnta exercised upon the rest," — and many ollior attributes which the ingenuity of those who were in the plot devised. Suddenly, liovvevr, the machine stcpi-od, and the beaulilul theory of glorious Constitution — of inimitabl'j Con- stitution fell to the ground. The writers who, backed by Parlia-ncnfary orations.aristocratical Quarterly Il'viow. ,and Pitt-club speeches, have pniicipally contribut- ed to keep the delusion alivcare Sir\V.nL\(K- STONE, and the advocate I)e Loi.me. iiir W. BLAcKSTONE'seulogium, for such it is, of our Constitution's prototype, is to be found in tho 2(1 section of the introduction, at uliniit t?i3 fiftieth page of the 8vo Editions of his Coni- nuMitaries. He first states that the pohtical wrilei of antiquity do not recognize more than three regular forms of gnvernmGnt, and continues : — The first, when the sovereiirn power islodjrod in an apfgregato assemlily, consisting of all ilio free inuinbcrsof a community, wliicli is called i democracy ; the sncoiul, when it is lotltrud iji n. council, composed of select members, and tlion it is styled an aristocracy ; the last, when it \s entrusted in the hands of a single persun, and then it takes the name of a monarchy. All other species of government, they say. uro citiier corruptions of, or reducible to, these three. He then states that in Democracies is to bo found public virtue, but not that degree of wisdom and strength wiiich a perfect govern. ment should possess. " They are frequontly foolish in their contrivance and vvealj in their execution." — .Iristocracies on the other hand pnespsB the required quantum of wisdom s Init, llicii '• tlioro IS ess ol lionosly llian in a Republic, and loss of strongth tlian in a Monarcliy." Lastly, in tiie ytrcngtli-ondowod Monarchy "tlierc is iniminont danger of liia (llio princieV) employing that strengtii to iin- ])ri)vidt'nt (that is not wise) or oppressive (tiiat is in>t lioncst) purposes.* An "Ancient" i^ then called up to sliovv, that the union of the several powers was in the opinion nf the said Ancicntj " a visionary wliuii, and ujie tliat if cITected could never be lasting or secure." Our author, iiowever, only quoted this opin- ion for the purpose, as he conceived, of beat- ing it to a nii!"imy — of utterly demolishing it, for lie thus continues : — But, happily for us of tliis island, llic IJritish constit\itioii lias lonp romainrrl, and I trust ivill long conlinuo, a standing exception to the truth of this obcservalion. For, as willi us the cxc. rutivc power nCtholaws is lodged in a single person, tlicy liavc all the advantages of strength and dispatch, tliat arc to be found in the most absolute nionarcby : and uS the legislature of the kingdom is entrusted to three distinct powers entirely independent of each other ; first, tho king; secondly, the lords spiriti; il and temporal, v.bieh is an aristocratical assembly of persons hclcotcd for their piety, their birth, their wisdom, ihcir valour, or their property ; and thirdly, the House of Commons^ freely chosen liythe people from among tlipuiscives, which makes it a kind of democracy; as this aggregate body, actuated by diilcrcnt tiprings, and attentive to ditfercnt interests, omposes the British |);irliament, and has the supreme disposal of every thing ; there can no inconveuionco be attempted by either of the three branches, but will be withstood by one of the uthcr two ; each branch being aimed with a negative power, sufficient to repel any inno. vation which it siiall think inexpedient or dan- geroue. Hero tlicn is lodged the sovereignty of tho Jiritish coiiftitulion ; and lodged as beneficially as is possible for society. For in no other shape <'onld we be so certain of finding the three great (pialitics of govirnment so well and so happily united. If the suprimie power wore lodged in any one of tho three branches separately, wc must be exposed to the inconveniences of either ubsoluto moniirchy, nristoeracy, or democracy ; and so want two of tho three principal in(;rcdi- ents of good polity, cither virtue, wisdom, or power. If il were lodged in any two of the brancben ; for instanoic, in the king and house of lords; our buvs might be providently made, and well oxccutfid, but they might not always have tho good of the people in view : if lodged in tho king and conmions, wo should want that cir- cuinspection and mediatory caution, which the wisdom of the peers is to afl'ord : if the supreme rights of l(!gislaturo were lodged in tho two houses only, and the king had no negative upon their proceedings, they might be tempted to en- croach upon tlie royal prerogative, or perhaps to abolish tho kintfly office, and thereby weaken (if nf)t totally destroy) the strength of ths e.xe. cutive power. But the constitutional govc i mont of this island is so admirably tempered ,. id compounded, iliat nothing can endanger or hurt it, but destroying the equilibrium of power be. tween one branch of tho b'gislature and ihe rest. For if ever it should happen that tho indepen- dence of any one of tho three should be lost, or that it should become subservient to the views of either of the other two, there would soon bo an end of our constitution. Tlie legislature would be clianged from that, which (upon the supposition of an original contract, cither actu- al or implied) is presumed to have been origin- ally set up by tho general consent and fiiuda. mental act of the society : and such a change, however etl'ected, is according to Mr. Locko (who perhaps carries his theory too far) at onco an entire dissolution of the bands of govern- ment ; and the people are hereby reduced to a state of anarchy, with liberty to constitute them- selves a new legislative power. A\u] ail this it was treason to doubt, till the old (Constitution of glorious memory stopped, atid was replaced by tiie new Constitution of Some twenty years after Bi.ACKSTONr wrote or lectured, De Lolme discovered new beauties ; but Dk Lolme wrote under a delusion, fic assumed, that the people of Great Britain actually elected their represen- tatives. He who will take the pains to turn to this author's work, and read the eleventh chapter of the second bool;, will soon see why he has not given a faithful picture of the British Constitution. According to Dn 1,oi.mk, tlie system of checlis wbich tho Constitution afforded was perfect. Any attempted usurpation of power by any one of the three separate eleniont? which made up the inimit-dile whole, was ini- t e b r d il e tl M a tl n ii V * Note. — This singular doctrine of the attributes of each branch of tiie Constitution is met with aduuiable hunioiir, in Mr. Bcntham's Fniiymcnt on Gnvcrnmcnl, in which Ibo author dcmon- stralts the aliMudity of the doctrine, by reducing it into the mathcmalicul form. By Blackst one's definition, tha British (iovcrnment :z=. Monnrchy -f- Aristocracy -|- Ilomn < rac", IMonarcliy beitig the (Government of one, Democracy being the (government of all, and Aristo- cracy the (iovcrnment of some numl)Pr between one and all. Now then Monarchy has strength — wisdom — hoiiesty ; Aristocracv has wisdom — strength — honesty ; Democracy lias honesty — strength — wisdom. But the British (iovernmCnt is Monarchy -\- Aristocracy -f- Democrncy, therefore the British (Jovernment has strength + wisdom ~|- honesty, in other words, is all-wisc, all-powerful, ull-iionest. But uU-powcrhil -f- all-wise -J- all. honest =:i all-perfect, riierefore the British Government is all-perfect a- i:. n- ',* .Sciioi.TC.M, At'ter the same manner it mny bo proved, and on the sumo daln, to be all-weal'. •ill-lbi-lisli, and al!-ki;avi.'.li. mediately joliowed by an union of the other two against the usurpation. Tlie people and the Aristocracy aie supposed to be in perpet- ual union against the undue extention of the prerogative of the Crown. The King and the Aristocracy, in like manner, are continually busied in checking popular encroachments ; but the moment the Aristocracy shows symptoms of usurpation and grasping, straightway the Monarch leaves their side and joins the people against them Those who hold this theory to be true, do not tell us liow the united King and Barons goton,without the 'virtue' which Blackstone tells us belongs alone to the people ; or how the King and the people manage matters when deprived of the ' wisdom' which is the attribute of an Aristocracy. Strength and virtue united do not make up wisdom certainly ; neither do wisdom and strength make up or render superfluous » virtue.' However, the theory was attractive ; we were a groat nation, we beat all Europe single- handed, itnd we grew rich; so nobody doubt- ed that the ilritishConstitution was a glorious Constitution, was an inimitable Constitution, that it was in fact any thing that any body or every body said it was — unless indeed any body said harm of it, which was treason. In the midst of all this hoodwinking, hy means of ' glorious' epithets, one or two philo- sophers did venture to step forward, and doubt the validity of the theory ; but then *' the envy of surrounding nations" was point- ed at, and the philosophers were silenced, and the study of their works confined to a few, who were as ' visionary' or ' discontented' as themselves. These philosophers said, that the boasted balance of the three Powers could not exist ; that, inasmuch as it would be the interest, so also would it be the practise of two out of the three, to unite and show amoncr them the profits of governujgill. Perchance too, said one of them, the united two might admit the third branch to a share of tiic pro- fits of misrule, on the footing of a junior part- ner, and thus the three united would riot in extravagance. Such an union in ♦'act waa the British Constitution. Ft was a partner- ship of King, Lords, and Commons, united by a common interest, namely, that of getting as great a proportion of the substance of the people, as the said people would submit to have abstracted from them. Every now and then an Election came round, and the people were feasted and flattered into the idea, that they really had an important fehare in the business of go- vernment, and so they submitted to be taxed with the most admirable non chalance, con- vinced, as they were regularly told in Eicc. t ion speeches, that they could not be taxed but by their own consent, given through their Representatives. The power of the people, however, was a mere phantom. Fifty-one cities and boroughs returned 10"-2 Members to the House of Commons, by means of some- thing under 1,300 Electors ! or averaging be- tween rj and 13 Constituents to each Mem- ber. Now, every one knows that corruption must ever be in proportion to the sniallnesff of a constituency, audit is not surprising that those who profited by corruption, should re- sist every attempt to enlarge the constituen- cies, by transferring the li'aucliise from a bor- ough with three or four votes, to a city with 150,000 inliabitants ; in other words, by giv- ing increased power to the people. By means of those small constituencies, technically called Kotten Boroughs,tlie British Aristocracy actually appointed — wo will not call it returned — a majority of the House of Commons.* Is it wonderful that the houses of Lords and Commons 'harmonizod !' Not at is mot dcnion- * STATK OF THE HOUSE OF COM.>IONS, 181G. 87 Peers of England and Wales returned Members 218 21 do Scotland do 31 36 do Ireland do. 51 — 144 Peers thus returned 300 90 Commoners of England and Wales returned 137 14 do .Scotland do. 14 ' 19 do Ireland do 20 — 123 Commoners thus returned 171 267 individuals thus returned 471 Independent Members 187 658 Reforo tbo Irish Union, in 1800, the ('ominous innnborcd .').')8 Members, 310 of which wcro returned by patronp, tuid 21H wore indpj>Piideiit. At Iho Union, 100 Momborc wore introduced aa |.i:|St 10 Hi 'H^ u aJl, thfiy c )iifc.l not but ' pull together' most admirably. They were, in fuct, a couple of political Siamese Twins, intimately liiik- O'! to^riitlier by meims ot" corriijition — by means of a eommon interest in robbinir the people; and it was o'liywlieti the two brandies became clamoiiroii.-i abmit asliare of tlieaixjil, thai the people had tiie Ica-t, eliaiice of {ret- ting a particle of their rijrhis. If the Coin- inons showed any leaning towards tlie peo- ple the King was instructed to dissolve them, and then came a general Election with its dinners and its speeclies, and its flattery and cajolery of the people; and as the influ- ence of the Aristocracy was omnipotent, the result was a more obedient House of Com- mons ; and tlie parts of the Constitution ' har- monized' quite as beautifully as before the temporary and trifling interruption. From what has been said it must bo clear, that the boasted harmony of the British Con- stitution was tfie consequence of the people having only a nominal voice in the govern- ment. The Lords and Commons in fact had very seldom any thing to fall out about, and when they had, the Lords mvariably beat the Commons. But the King, where is he all this while 1 Has he no voice in the business of the Leirisla- lure ! Ves, said the Constitution. But the Constitution did not say true — the Lords would not let him iiave a voice. Having by moans of rotten borouihs secur- ed the Lower House, they next told the King that after the people, by their Representa- tives, had determined on a particular mea- sure, and the said measure had been pro- nounced wise and good by the Lords spirit- ual anil temporal, it was as much as liis Crown was worth to say iny ; in the mean- time the Monarch was kept most abundantly supplied with every object the mind can pos- fiibly desire. No wonder His Majesty a- groed with his faithful Lords and Commons, that the British Constitution worked well. lis ' harmony' was in fact most perfect. For a long time, every itiing tended to keep up the delusion. The brilliant achievements of the Army and Xavy — a succession of ahun- dant harvests — a demand for our manufactures on the Continent, all kept the people busy. No one had any time to complain of the ex- penditure ot'govcrnment, and ifany one did, he was a disatrected, a disguised jacobin, an en- vier of Britain's greatness. Presently, how- ever, came the peace, and with it, the day of reckoning ; tlien llie peoi)le did begin to look into tbeir alfairs, in other words, they com- menced their political education. Among other results of this examination of the nation's aftairs, the philosophers whom we have already named, again stepped for- ward. This time they were listened to. Every year they and their disciples, and tlieir writings, received more attention ; and ten years of peace had not passed over, be- fore ihcir doctrines had influenced every peri- odical — every newspaper in the country. The result was an increasing demand for reform, till at last THE BILL was brought forward, and after various narrow escapes carried. True,the Lords swore they never would pass it, but the Ministers resigned, and the people looked threateningly ; whereupon, the Lords got frightened and passed it in a hurry without discussion. Those who wish to see a de- tailed history of the Bill, and its final passage by the Lords, are referred to a recent most admirable work called England and America. Now, the reason why we have referred par- ticularly to TUB BILL is, because it introduced into the Briiisb Constitution, a likeness to the Canadian Constitution which never be. fore existed between them. But it is only a partial likeness still, for we have our irres- ponsible Executive. Under the new British Constitution of 183:], the people have acquired new powers. Tlie small constituencies are nearly all des- troyed, and in their places the larger cities and towns send Members. Close corpora- tions no longer usurp the elective functions- Bath, with its GO,OJO inhabitants, had former- ly twenty-nine Electors, the Mayor and Cor- poration ; now it has some thousands ; and a more intelligent and incorrujU Constituency, exists not in the British Empire. The effect of all this has been to de- stroy the unanimity of the two Houses; and we frequently see the Lords rejecting those Represnntiitivofl for Irojand. And by the statomcnt given above, 471 out of 6,')8 Members, were then at the wiSl of 2i)7 iiidiviilunls, leaving with an increased House but 187 Iiide|)ei)dent Mom. bors. Thus indeed cnrrnptioii bad iiicreast^d apace. More nred not be said to prove llie corrupt Btale of our boasted Constitution previously to the passing of the Reform Bill, and though it baa placed power in the people's hands, a measure not loss fixtonsivo will bo required in a very fow years, lo make the Commons really a popular Assembly II measures which the Commons brin^ forward in obedience to the cry of the nation. The parallel between Canad i and Eiiirland is thus rendered more perfect. The intorestn of tlie two branciics of the iiOgislatiire are not iden- tical ; wl;- in 1831 . . ' . . . 511,'J17 511,917 It is generally admitted that the inhabi- tants of the cities possess a degree of intelli- gence superior to that possessed by the in- ' bitants of the country. This is, we be- I. ve, correct ; especially as regards political knowledge. How has this intelligence oper- ated ! in causing the rejection of every Can- didate who declared himself opposed to "the principle." It now only remains for us to notice an attempt wliich has been made by the rejected Candidates and their friends at Que- bec, to generate and foster an impression that the principle of the Elections has been the rejection of every person of British ori- gin. "It was" — said Mr. A. Stuart at a meet- ing of his supporters — " it was a great na- tional effort of the Canadians, to deprive the English portion of society of their moderate share of the representation." One of the Resolutions moved at the same meeting, states " that the system now open- ly avowed by the dominant and coercive party, would exclude not only the tritling minority which the British have hitherto had in the House of Assembly of Lower Canada, but altogether prevent their voice from being heard within its walls." Again Mr. Stuart says in anotherspeech, or another part of the same speech "the object of that (the Liberal) party being to exclude persons of British origin," &c. We need not quote any further, though nearly every speech spoken, and article written of late at Quebec, has reiterated the same doctrine. That it is incorrect, wc shall presently show. Of the Members rejected, a large pro- portion are men of Canadian birth ; witness the CuviLLiERs, the Mondelets, the Ques- NELS, the Duvals, the Casorains, the Ba- deaux, and so forth. These men were re- jected or were deterred froiu coming forward because they were opposed to the guiding * 3Ir. John Neilson nfter losing the County of Quebec was put up for Reilcchassc, but he did not get a vote. tii Fifteenth 'arliantent 479,4S-1» I iiilxabi- if intcUi- y the in- , we be- political ice opcr- cry Can- [ to " the ,0 notice 3 by the 3 at Quc- npression has been ritish ori- it a tneet- great na- eprive the moderate the same ow open- coercive le trilling hcrto had Canada, om being . Stuart art of the jtliat (the rsons of note any spoken, bee, has Ipresently [large pro- witness lie QuEs- the Ba- were re- forward guiding Iret vote. principle of the late uontuat. If ongiii and language were ever considered by tiie Cana- dians, wliy wn^ Mr. Joir.N Nini.soN so many years one of liie cherished favorites of tiio people ! Why was he received with open arms, and even with embraces where his person was unknown on tJiobaro mention of his then iionoured name '. I'erjiiips you will answer tlint tliis same animosit;. to men of Britisli origin lias only just come over the people. Let us also answerthis theory by a few questions. If tiie principle of the recent election wen> that of exchisive why was a native Kcotchman chosen for the East Ward ! Docs any one in his senses imagine that any api)cal to national prejudice could dislodge James Leslii: from the hearts of the Cana- dians, or unseat him from the Assembly ! Again, why did the Canadian Electors soli- cit the son of an Englisiimaii to present him- self for the West Ward, and why did those electors give him almost their unanimous votes ? Need we say more to prove that wnth the great mass of tlie jiopulation of Lower Canada, origin and language arc? as nought compared witli a great princij)le of Government. One case more, and we have done. At Yamaska, an Irishman presented himself for the suflVagcs of the electors; the former Member was a Canadian. Use was made of this to excite the supposed nation- al prejudice. How did it succeed ? the reply of the Canadian electors was characteristic of their extraordinary steadiness to princi- ple ; " better," said they — " better a good Irishman than a bad Canadian." In fact the present Parliament in its gene- ral division into persons of Canadian origin and persona of other origin exhibits no cliango to warrant the outi ry that has been raised about exclusion, as the following statement will show : — Htm Parliament. I'lrii I'.\ni.iAMEST, Countri/ or Origin. Aiimhim. .\iimlii rs. Caniidiim .... 01 CI! American .... 11 9 Kimlish .... 2 4 Scotch .....■> 3 Iri.sh :t 3 f. Rochon .F. M Riiymond .1. N. Cardinal F,. E. Rodier J. B. Meilleur J. C Iz-tourneau J. B. Fortin F^.Mnliot .F. B. Noel J. G. Cliipham E. Bedard E. Knight Hot. Baker i> Totals parried over Population. For an \Ac'nstan Electivfl Elective Council. Council. 11,900 16,857 13,529 20,225 4,1541 15,483 6,991 11,946 3,566 14,557 11,419 9,461 18,497 12,767 13,518 6,948 3,743 4,154* 5,003 2,283 S,801 31 6 195.5611 1 «0,24U 3* ^ . / Jtr-' * '■ yrr /'^t' 1.^ ^<~, A^^/, K-^ 't <■ , ^-<' / y ^^ .- *- »> ^ r' ^. ^ < C.- J> y^lr r- , ,. x^ ^ ^ v; / It ■/ /*- <^^ /l f *» • — » .'J ♦/ /r .• « ^ ^-, /■^Cj» / ^f^'«^"r , . *-.?' i^*-. / /Jo— 1« ?.J_ uh^-^^ 9 i^t.--^ / 9-t '''^^ 3 / / >% / 6-tr-t/ ^ ff ^ / o / / / '/ 9^ / 16 CONTINUATION OF THE TABLE. 61,908 153,901 12 25 Toiain brought lurvvard • • • 31] 6 195,561* : 20,2*1* 8,'i38 ** J. Vulois Muutreul Cu. L. J. Piipincnu 10,470 8,238 *• 1 Varanit C. S. I'hprriur 12,50.4 L. Boiirdages J. B. Pmiilx Nicolet L Bouidiif^tn J. B I'rouU I 18,504 4,319 A. (Jodbout Orleans A. (iodbuiit 4.349 J. U. Cusnull J. B. CllSMult 4,786 1 P. Wrielil Ottawa J. HlnclUiiiru i 4.736 1 T. Diivia B. Hdwiimii J : 12,350 H. S, Huot F. X. r,ariie I'ort Neuf II. S. Iluot V. X. l.ariic 1 12,330 3,958 ♦• 3,958 ** 1 J. Neilson L. T. Bfssercr Quebec L. T. BcNsfrcr J. Bl inchct 1 . 7,916 1 1 J. Dorioii Riclmlieu J. Durion 1 i 15,086 15,036 •• (;. ('. Ue Bleury C. t'. l)e Blrury 1 10,061 I.. Bnrtrand A. Rivnrd Uiinouski L. Bertrnnd J. B. Tu( hd i 10,061 9,057* 1 7'. Lnnay Rouvillo P. t.'ii-onu 18,115 9,057* P. C'areau P. .M. Bu-dy 1 8,383 A. Simon Saguenny A. Simon '■ 8,385 X. Tessier X. Tes-siet S.087 1 1 P. H. Knowllon Samiifl Wood Shefford S. Wooil A. Welh 1 1 5,087 7,101 1 C. F. Jl Goodhue Sherbrooke J. Moore I 1 R. A. C. Gucw B. A. Ouay 1 7,104 1 E. PerM Stan8t«ad -M. Child 10,306 5,153 1 yi. Child J. Orannis ' 5.153 1 L. R. Blanchard St. Hyaciniho I,. R. Blanchard 1 15,366 15,366 1 L. Poulin T. BouihiUier j ' 1 v. Guillet St. Maurice V. GuiilPt ' 13,796 1 P. Bureau P. Bureau 1 13,796 •* 1 .1 O. Turgron f.. H. Lafontaino Terrebonne L. 11. Lafontaino [ 16,623 16,623 1 S, Bono 1 \V. H. Scott Two 3Iountains W. H. Srotl i 20,905 20,905 1 J. J. (iirouard J. J. (ji.-ouard 1 1 P. T. Musson Vaudreuil C. Liirocquc 13,111 13,111 1 C. Lorocque C. O. Perrault 1 P. Amiot Vercheres P. Amiot 12,319 12,319 1 J. T. Drolet J. T. Drolet 1 J. Badema Vamaska LGdeTonnnnc 1 , a,49e 4,748 1 LGde Tonnancour E. B O'Callag 4,748 1 J Leslie iMontrpal, ) East Ward. J. Leslie 12,492 A A J£ 6,246 1 O. Berlhekt J. Roy e,z46 14,805 1 L. J. Papineau, Speaker. J West Ward L. J. Papineau 14,805 1 VacantlT R. Nelson ' 1 A. Stuart Quebec ) Upper Town J A. Berthelot 28,257 31,193 1 J. F. J. Duval E. Caron l| 1 T. A. Youn/r Lower Town G. Vanfelson 7,064 3,113 1 O, Vanfelson H. Dubord 1 R. J. Kimber Three Rivera R.J. Kimber 3,113 1 J. Defosses* E. Barnard 1,063 1,063 1 J. Wurtele William Henry J. Pi kel 138,535* 373,3814 28 60| 78i 10 179,184 r 32,132*' * Absent on leave when the division took place, but known to be favourable to the Elective principle- t Absent on leave, but known to be tinfavourable thereto. t Seat vacant by dismissal ; the late Member (D.Mondelet' known tobeu;lavourable to the Elective principle. IT Seat vacant by death ; the late Member (Dr. Tracy) known to be favourable thereto. ** Counties having represented Cities and Boroughs therein. From such Counties the population of the said Cities and fiorouglis is deducted, being placed opposite and divided according to the voters of the City Members. UPPER Having exhibited the result of the Elections of Lower Canada, it is highly desirable that we should perform a similar task with respect to the Elections of the sister Province. We must observe, however, that our means of com- parison are not as satisfactory as in this prov- ince. We have no accurate record of the votes of the- last Parliament ; we can only state m general terms that it was a Tory House of a very ultra character. This fact was referred to by Mr. Stanley, in his .speech in the House of Commons on the 15fi) of April last, and the "beautiful har- CANADA. mony" of the Constitution of Upper Canada was held to be almost equal to that of the Constitution of the Mother Country. In reply to Mr. Rokbitk tlie late Secre- tary for the Colonics is reported to have said, " there is between the Governor and the Legislative Coimcil, and the House of As- sembly not one single point of difference ; that perfect cordiality and uniform harmony prevails between the three branches of the Constitution established in that Province, notwithstanding the sedulous efforts that have been made to disturb them." 10 Auiiiii, -'ilic |ii'i)|ili! Ill' I 'iipor (,'iiruiila, uss wi'll liy tluMr l{f'|)resiiitnlivt's, uh by lln'ir Ii(!;.'iHltiliM' ('(iimcil, Imvc fxjiroHHnd tlieir en- tire niiii iiti'iiialificil Hiiproliiilidii of tlie Coii- KtitiilKHi iiiitli'i- uliicli tiny live, luui tlii'ir full conviction nfihc hi'ii>'(U.s wliich they oii- joy under it." Kvi.'iy body \\ lio knows I'ppcr L'unadii is well au'aro that that ' liarniony' was broun;lit about by tiie very means winch wo liavo just pointed ont, as pervadinjf the Leirislatnre of the Mother Country, thoiiirli a|)plicd in a different way. Corruption liad found its way, in various sliapos, anionff the Electors, and the result was, that the late House ' liarnionizod' with the (iovcrnor and Council. We must do the people of [Tpper Canada, however, the justice to say, that the Mem- bers, wlien candidates, professed to be im- bued with principles which we are at a Inaa to discover in tlieir snbs('(iuent votop, so that the great body of electors were cajoled, and the Iloufic was not what they intended it to be. Be thi.s as it may, no sooner had it gone forth, that tlie Secretary for the Colonies iiad declared that the most pcrficct cordial- ity existed between the three branche.'i of the Legi.'slature of Upper Canada ; than the people speaking thronrrh the Liberal press said, "we will elect a Liberal House." At this juncture another great i)ivot for the Elections to turn upon was introduced by the publication of Mr. Hi'me's celebrated letter in the Adiocule newspaper. It was at once denounced by the Tory press as revolution- ary. This was considered as a capital elec- tion hit. A bug-bear was raised up, which the dominant party calculated would frighten the people from voting for the friends of Mr. M'Kk.nzte ; and some true Reformers, calcu- lating upon the number of timid politicians, and politicians wanting only a good excuse to change, to be met with in every country, began to think that the publication of the letter had been injudicious. Mr. M'Kenzie, ho.vever, persevered; the true character of the letter was pointing out as denouncing bad government only, and not good govern- inont ; and a list was put forward in the Adiocale of men who were Reformers in M'Kenzie's sense of the word. In short, the Reformers said — " by Mr. nuME'.s letter will we be tried." On the other hand,and as an antidote to tliis list.the ultra Tory party put forward their list, which tliey called the White-List, and there seemed to be a general understanding that these lists should become the test of the sircngtli of the two cxireinp parties What wan the result .' the people selected twenty- three persons out of M'Ki;n/,ie'h HhI, and nineteen i>ut of the white-list ; of these iiinc- teiMi, however, two arc Kolbrmers — namely, II. .\ouTON, and Or. Di.NroMni:, whieli re- iliifps the 'I'orics from Ihf! white. list to seven- teeii. Of course, in all elections, local considoro- tious will carry the day ; accordingly, we lind twenty-one Members elected who arc not ill either list, and who may therefore bo considered as neutralH, as far as the main trial of strength 18 concerned. With regard to Mr. Hta.ni.ey'.s foolish statement, how- ever, they will not be neutral, twelve ofthcm being good Refonncrs, eight only "staunch Tories," as they delight to call themselves. In point of population, the Reformers liave gained even a more signal victory, as the most populous counties have been almost unanimous in their return of Reformers. Unfortunately, we have no detailed state- ment of the population since 18'S2: but the returns of that year will serve to cstab- lisli a proportion, which is all we rcriuirc. Some few defects may be api)arent in taking the po|)ulation of the towns from tliat of the counties, and in allowing for the part of Lin- coln not yet represented ; however,tlio errors cannot be great ; nnd we have endeavoured to give the Conservative side the benefit of all allowances — the Reform interest can well afford it. Our table will serve to exhibit the matter in detail, still it may be well to recapitulate : — RfironsiEns. Poi'it.ation. Niimeil liy M'Krnzio - - 22 Not named by M'Kcnzic - 12 ANTI-REFORMKaS. Named in the Wbitp-lLsf, (liMliicting If. Norton and Uuiiconibp - - - Oilier known Tories - - No return —31 16 9 —2.') 1 CO 121,150 :>2fi80 173,836 22,09(51 81,055 251,891 The election of Speaker is another ques- tion by which the real state of parties will be tested, and the general character of the House further exhibited. Mr. M'Lean is un- derstood to bo the ultra-Tory Candidate, and Mr. BiDwELL the popular Candidate. A classification has been put forward by the British Whig newspaper, which would give people in England a very erroneous concep- tion of the state of parties in Upper Canada. Of the first forty-eight Members returned, thirty-six were called Whigs, and twelve It 1.836 Ithe live Icp- Ida. Led, live or D'l'oNNLi.i. niiglii u.'i u.ll bf ciiUrii WliinfH I As for na (.'olonittl polinrs an; coii- ccriicd, llio toniiH Wliijr mul Tory hnvo voiy nrarly llic sftmc tiigiiiticiitioii. 'rones. Now, me aliaiiriiily ul clatikin)^' ihc Mayou of Toronto with Oom: (Jowan, it violent Oranpfcmnn, umsf ho ohvioiiHotioiiph ; tlicrn could Hciirroly occur n qnoHtJon whort'- on they would vote on the Hnnic side. IItme TAHIjF. iiflhr Xi'irlii-lllriliil I'arliiiniinf of rpprr Ciinmhi, shmnns llir I'njitihilicn riprisrnlnl li/ Hi lonnrrM anil AnIi-Hi'Jiinni r>\ ulan the I'ojiuliilwn rrjinntnhd Uij Mm tluMU uul nf M'hrnzic'n Hrjorm Liil, n'lil out of the Tory \V hill' List, Population Rkprkhknteh bv i Population UimiK.sKNTKi) uv IlKioiiMKas. An ri.|{KroHMKK!i. County or Tow.v. MKMnEns fli/ Mm in'iHii Men noil Mr. M l<:.i\in M'h.'s III form Lift] Lint. Cornwall M'lx-nnl -^— . Rrockvillc D. hmv-A Kings' on C. Ilngrrman.t Toronto J. i;. Small.* Mnmiltori ! Mr. M'\al).t- Niagara ('. Ricliardnon. I'ri'suoU WaLTH." .M'Dotmldl KuMCll T. M'Kay.t (Jlengary ClliHliuliii M'D.jiiclM 1 StornioMi Uriirc.* A. M'Uonpll • i Uundas Shavrr.** (Jook.*' (.irenvillo H. Norton." W. B. Wells* I.eeda Jamifson.t • iowan.t ( "orloton Lewi.s.t Mallock.* Lanark Morris. Tavlor.* '■ Ironitmac Shiblpy,** Strunifo. I.cnnot and Addinssion ni 2,082 5,26oi (•.,26,'i 3,922 10,180 ,\289» 4,528J 3,1034 10,733 2,765 10,791 0,15U 31,153 l,993i 18,018 8,006 11203 3,2351 15,286 3,042 2,-25U 6,124 I 1,017 H 4,196 1,200 2,083 1,129 5,265t 14,119 5,289J 2,765 I 0,15U 8 716 l,993i 1,769 3,235i 1,106 4„5281 3,I03» 5,603 3,042 2,25 U 3,062 173,836 I .58,958i I 22,096i Total. 1,047 4,196 1,200 1.4(N'> 2,0.«i'2 1,129 5,a63t 14,119 5,989 J 4,528 i 3,103i 2,76.-. 6,15U 8,716 1,993* 5,603 1,769 3,235* 3,042 2,25U 810,55 ** From M'Kenzie's Reform List. ♦ Reformers, but not in M'Kenzie's List. + Tories from the White List. Tories not in the White List — no mark. r . , n i « u i. •_„ *„.• U The population of Crockville is included in that oi tho County of Leeds, all the Jlembora being Anti- Reformer*. It ^ if /'. S.— LaBt year the fNtnHcrvativPs advo- catcil a union of the I'roviiicfH, mipposing if it could bo brought about, that tlio French r«nn(Iinn«,(irlh«' pupulnr iutliu'MCf in this I'ro- \inc united number speak- ing the English laiigimgo in both Provinces, does not cr ("anaiia, In Lower ("onada, Totals .... 130,778 | 688,087 * One-fifih is added to the number in the table to make up the present populutiun. Supposing the Colonial Office were inclined to attempt carrying into effect the threat which that most petulant — most rash — most conceited — and most tyrannical of Colonial Ministers, Edward Geoffrv Stanley, made use of in the House of Commons, in replying to Mr. RoEBiTK'a Bpocch on the state of th« Cmadas, we know well what would be tho consequence— resistance even unto revolu- tion. But supposing that such a thought did I'.xist in the mind of Mr. Ukk, it must have arisen from erroneous ideas, which the result of the Ele(;tions cuiiuot fiiil to di.spel. Tho attem|)t would be more than the value of hia place ; and now that the case of the Tories in I)roved so hopeless, wo doubt if they or their friend Mr. Patuu k Stuart, M. P., will mention the plan again. If the Tories could calmly look around them, they would quickly perceive that their darling object, the destruction of the French influence us they call it, but popular influ- ence us we cull it, nnd us it is in fict, cannot under any circumstances within their control be brought about. Let them look to the Southern of thi; United Sate.s, wh(;ro other than tlie English language is spoken, where the speakers of such languages bear no such proportion to the Anglo-Americans as the im- mciise body of the French Canadians here do to the English, and say if the legitimate in- fluence, witiiout regard to its nature, could have been destroyed, had there been the in- clination, without the most tyrannical pro- ceedings, of which, fortunately* the several constitutions do not admit. Again, let them look at home, and say if the speakers of the native language of Scotland — if the speakers of the native language of Ireland — if the speakers of tho native language of Wales could, were it desired by the English, be dis- regarded and treated as nought in Great Bri- tain. Even in Wales, small as that commu- nity is, in comparison with that of England, we were told by a Member of Parliament for one of its Counties, that he did not suppose the English language would be generally un- derstood and used in a century from the pre- sent time ! How then can the Tories hope to attain their fond purpose — the annihilation of the French language, and the subjugation of the will of the many to their dictum. , \% I slate of th« ould be the nto rovolu- llioiiglit tlif' t inuBt have li tho result ispol. Th.j viihio of his lio Tones is hoy or their M. P., will h)ok around vc that their f tlie French (opular inflii- tlict, cannot tlieir control look to the whoro otlicr lokeii, wlierc bear no such ma as the im- dians licrc do legitimate in« nature, could • been the in- ■rannical pro- ', the several gain, let tliem eakers of the f the speakers rcland — if the ige of Wales nglish, be dis- t in Great Bri- s tliat conimu- it of England, Parliament for id not suppose e generally un- y from the pre- le Tories hope he annihilation :he subjugation r dictum.