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 UPON THE SUBJI T OF 
 
 DDRESS 
 
 (XLIFE mSUiUNCE 
 
 JANUARY 
 
 
 ^it!r -^^; ./ m^ 
 
 I ! 
 

 
AN 
 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 UPON THE SUBJECT 
 
 t)» 
 
 LIFE INSURANCE, 
 
 i it 
 
 <: 
 
 0. 
 
 ^>y 
 
 GEO. F. FOOTE, M. D. 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE BATAVIA LYCEUM, 
 
 JANOART, 18G9. 
 
 '• ^ili ls e itm m iiM iaitui tt m ii imm m 
 
/I" 
 
 H 
 
 S«/.^^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Entered according to the act of Congresa, in the year 1883, by 
 
 GEO. F. FOOTE, M. D., 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New- York. 
 
H 
 
 ■rA3 
 
 •^ 
 
 <j 
 
 
 I ths year ISSS, by 
 
 hern District of New- York. 
 
 •^ 
 
 LIFE ASSURANCE. 
 
 We live in a progressive age ; the world is teeming with 
 new discoveries ; the arts and sciences are advancing in rapid 
 strides ; the march of improvement is onward toward the 
 goal of perfection ; and " man hath sought out many inven- 
 tions," to benefit his creature man. 
 
 There probably hijs never been a period within the history 
 of the world in which so much has been done to benefit and 
 ameliorate the condition of the human ftimily, as is being done 
 at the present age. Every year gives birth to new associa- 
 tions, the objects of which are, the promotion of human happi- 
 ness. It is the theme of all societies ; and all advocate charity 
 and claim to be philanthropists. Aside from that divine organi- 
 zation, the Clmrch, there are innumerable benevolent associa- 
 tions, from nearly all classes, the designs of which are to better 
 protect mankind and extend tb j 'ostering care of friendship to 
 the helpless and needy. Inde ■ )• is the boasttd object of all 
 free, civil, and religious institutioi. to elevate all classes to a 
 standard of equality, so far as relates to opportunities for ac- 
 
 !y^S*Mgff ^ l « ># Bia ii *flW^'ff«iW I OM» ^g*<i 
 
quiring knowledge and the necessary competence of this world's 
 goods — of which, eveiy one is considered to have (without 
 reference to birth) a natural right to as much as shall, at 
 least, place him above want and suffering. 
 
 Among the most jmtent of tliese benevolent associations ia 
 that of Life Insurance, which has saved from suffering and 
 want many thousands who now bless the provident hand that, 
 while living, made the necessary preparation for their main- 
 tenance in anticipation of his decease. When this shall be- 
 come univereal, and the boon of every family, (which we, one 
 day, hope to see,) there will then be a more general and equal 
 distribution of property, and we shall no more hear of desti- 
 tute widows and orphans being thrown upon the cold charities 
 of this world. Suffering and want, hunger, cold, and naked- 
 ness, wretchedness, misery, distress of body and mind, and, we 
 might add, crime in some of its most revolting forms, (for want 
 oflen leads to, and is the parent of crimes,) will be strangers, 
 where now they fctalk abroad, around us, and in our very 
 midst. 
 
 To mifigate the ills pertaining to our mortal existence ; it 
 is clearly a philanthropic measure, and should receive our 
 earliest attention, ranking first among the secular duties of life. 
 It has been truly said, that " Life Insurance, which is entitled 
 to and receives a high rank among all benevolent and useful 
 institutions, is now engaging the attention of those thinking 
 men who are accustomed to reflect deeply on the past, and to 
 form just anticipations of the future ; being received with the 
 greatest favor in those countries where education is most dif- 
 
letence of this world's 
 id to have (without 
 ) much as shall, at 
 
 •olent associations is 
 i from suffering and 
 provident hand that, 
 ition for their main- 
 When this shall be- 
 mily, (which we, one 
 lore general and equal 
 naore hear of desti- 
 ipon the cold charities 
 fcr, cold, and naked- 
 ly and mind, and, we 
 )lting forms, (for want 
 3,) will be strangers, 
 us, and in our very 
 
 r mortal existence ; it 
 . should receive our 
 s secular duties of life. 
 ance, which is entitled 
 enevolent and useful 
 jn of those thinking 
 y on the past, and to 
 Dg received with the 
 ducation is most dif- 
 
 fused, and where the obligations of social life are most re- 
 garded." 
 
 AOE OF LIFE INSURANCE. 
 
 The oldest company in England was established near 
 150 years ago. Others soon followed, which are still in 
 successful operation and have large accumulations. In this 
 country they have been in successful operation for about 20 
 years. Though many experiments have been made, many 
 plans devised, to cheapen the yearly annuities in order to induce 
 men to favor certain companies, which have brought into ex- 
 istence many ephemeral ones, yet to the present time there 
 has been no failure of any well-regulated company, when un- 
 connected with other business, whose officers duly attended to 
 their duty and were honest men. 
 
 UNCERTAINTY OF OTHER INVESTMENTS. 
 
 In all branches of business, whether manufacturing, com- 
 mercial, or agriculture, success depends upon a variety of con- 
 tingent circumstances. A man may profit by his investment, 
 or he may lose. There can be no positive and sure cjdculations 
 made of a stipulated amount of profits or returns. "Whatever 
 may be the probabilities with the most accurate and mathe- 
 matical calcubitions, there always are mqre or less uncertainties 
 attending any speculation. The caprice of fortune rules des- 
 potically over all branches of business. This is even the ca^e 
 with many forms of insurance — ^indeed, we may say, all but a 
 
!i* 
 
 well-regulated Life Insurance. In fire and marine insurance the 
 chances are supposed to he as a thousand to one, that a build- 
 ing is not burned or a vessel lost, subject to the caprice of for- 
 tune. No correct and absolute data win be formed. A suc- 
 cession of good luck will enrich a company in a few years, while 
 a ciilamitous fire, destroying but a small proportion of 
 one of our great towns, would be sufficient to bankrupt nearly 
 every fire company in the State. Again, monies expended in 
 fire or marine insurance (as well as in most otlier forms but 
 life) bring no returns, unless we suffer a loss wliich must 
 equal or exceed the amount of money we are to receive. For 
 this chance we have to pay a premium, which, at the end of a 
 year, if our house hiis not been burned, or at the end of a 
 voyage, and the vessel has not been lost, is an investment from 
 which we get no return, and is in reality, so fur as we are ia- 
 dividually concerned, so much money thrown away. ^ ^ 
 
 ^ J CERTAINTY OF LIFE INSURANCfi. 
 
 The contrary of all this will be found in Life Insurande. 
 Pervading all nature we find certain fixed and permanent laws, 
 which never change ; as that, by the force of gravitation, water 
 seeks its own level, or by the application of heat it Is converted 
 into vapor, or by the abstraction of heat into ioe ; the earth 
 turns upon its own axis ; the sun rises in the East; crystals 
 assume certain forms in particular salts which never vary, 
 Ac. So in the calculations for Life Insurance, which are based 
 upon the laws of mortality, obtained from observations in va- 
 
 -W 
 
 i«*actitmmiii- 
 
d marine insurance the 
 id to one, that a build- 
 t to the caprice of for- 
 1 bo formed. A suc- 
 ly in a few years, while 
 small proportion of 
 ent to bankrupt nearly 
 in, monies expended in 
 most otlier forms but 
 ar a loss which must 
 ve are to receive. For 
 , which, at the end of a 
 d, or at the end of a 
 (t, is an investment from 
 ty, so far as we are in- 
 thrown away. • ^^ 
 
 8URANC£. 
 
 aund in Life Insuran6e. 
 ied and permanent laws, 
 irce of gravitation, water 
 on of heat it Is converted 
 at into ioe ; the earth 
 s in the East ; crystals 
 salts which never vary, 
 isuranoe, which are based 
 rom observations in va- 
 
 rious parts of the world for the hust 200 years. From these 
 are deduced the expecUition of life, and tables are formed from 
 which we can learn the average of expected life at any ago. As 
 for instance, wo learn that 1,000 pci-sons at the ago of 25 
 will yet live to average about 37^ years each ; at the age of 
 30, about 34^ ; and at the age of 35. just 31 years each ; and 
 80 on. Now these facts are found to be as certain and a.<i fixed 
 a law as any other before mentioned. Observations in Paris, 
 London, Carlisle, Northampton, and this country, made by the 
 most experienced actuaries, obtain (within a fraction) the same 
 results. Having these tables before us from which we can 
 adduce the average of expected life at any age, wo have only 
 to charge each individual that sum which, in the given number 
 of years he is yet expected tc> live, will just amount to the sum 
 for which he insures. It matters not if the first of 1,000 
 should decease the first year, the next one may live twice the 
 expected term, and the whole are certain to make as many 
 payments as will amount to the wholo sum for which they are 
 all insured, so that Life Insurance raay be truly said to be a 
 matter of certainty. 
 
 UNCERTAINTY OF OTHER INSURANCE. >^: 
 
 In fire risks, there can be no certain data for calculations. 
 We cannot tell how many buildings may burn in a year or a 
 given number of years, and the best of calculations are but a 
 hazard, the result of guess-work, a mere chance aflFair : and 
 that may be said of all other insurances, excepting life. All 
 other risks are uncertain, even after many years. But the ces- 
 
 
 A;^i»aKy»aiSM«^i£»Ht««»(Me«s 
 
 t -i!tn:'~i.Cl-rLȣ'^-v^---^ 
 
8 
 
 sation of life is certain; doatli is sure to come, and come it 
 
 will. 
 
 Again, a fire may consume but a part, or any other loss 
 may be but a partial one ! But in Life Insurance, death takes 
 the whole ; there are no savings ; the loss is a complete one. 
 And all calculations are based upon these certainties. Conse- 
 quently, no life company can ever fail where competent mathe- 
 maticians and honest men control its affairs. 
 
 ACCUMULATIONS. 
 
 But there are other considerations in Life Insurance, aside from 
 the stipulated sum for which each one insures, viz : the accu- 
 mulations. All money paid in, except what is necessary to 
 meet current exi>enses and losses, is invested in State or United 
 States Stocks, or loaned on l)ond and mortgage on real estate 
 worth 50 per cent more than the amount of the sum loaned. 
 These investments, of course, are drawing interest, which inter- 
 est is again rcloaned, making an investment at compound inter- 
 est. These interests are an accumulation to the benefit of the 
 company, which in a few years, in a successful one, whose ex- 
 l)enses are proprtionate to their business, amount* to a large 
 
 sum. 
 
 To ,give an idea of the gains of compound interest, |20 in- 
 vested yearly, commencing at birth and remaining untouched, 
 amounts, at the age of 30, to $1,550 ; at the age of 40, to 
 $3,005 ; mul at the age of 00, to the enormous sum of $10,660. 
 Twenty dollars a year for sixty years is only an investment iu 
 
 !f 
 
 Jii; 
 
o come, and come it 
 
 irt, or any other loss 
 Insurance, death takes 
 OSS is a complete one. 
 ISO certainties. Consc- 
 here competent mathe- 
 flfairs. 
 
 18. 
 
 Ate Insurance, aside from 
 insures, viz : the accu- 
 t what is necessary to 
 nested in State or United 
 mortgage on real estate 
 unt of the sum loaned, 
 ing interest, which inter- 
 ment at compound inter- 
 ion to the benefit of the 
 iiccessful one, whose ex- 
 ness, amount*! to a large 
 
 ipound interest, |20 in- 
 id remaining untouched, 
 at the age of 40, to 
 normous sum of $10,660. 
 is only an investment iu 
 
 9 
 
 principal of $1,200, yet, with the com])ound interest, it amounts 
 to nearly nine times the whole sum invested. 
 
 DIVIDENDS. 
 
 All accumulations above losses and expenses, in proprietary or 
 stock companies, go to the stockholders ; but in the mutual 
 companies, they are divided equally among the lite members in 
 proportion to the amount of their respective premiums. In a 
 purely stock company, the friends of the insured get only the 
 amount of the policy. The accumulations and savings of these 
 companies in time become quite large, and the parties interested 
 in the stock (not the insured) realize great incomes, which, in 
 reality, properly belongs to and should Iki paid to the insured, 
 who have invested their money. This is the case in all well- 
 regulated Mutual Life Companies, wiiich are now having the 
 preference of pubhc opinion over all othei-s, 
 
 ADVANTAOeS OF THE MUTUAL SYSTEM. 
 
 One of the oldest mutual companies is that of the " Equitable 
 Society for Assurance of London." Tliis hjus been in successful 
 operation for about ^ 00 years, and many c.-ises of large profits 
 accruing to the jussured is rejiorted by the company, showing the 
 practical advantage of the insured participating in the net pro- 
 fits of the bus'.ii(;8s. 
 
 CuAMDRRs' Journal, in a very able nrticle on the subject 
 of Life Assurance, states that " after a careful examination of 
 the two plans, {stock and mutual,) with some benefit from 
 u 
 
 .«<P»*- 
 
 - lawaMHUtf'WO'Bwwi 
 
10 
 
 prariical experience, we do not hesiU^te to declare our convic- 
 Ln that the mutual svstkm is thk ok.v onk which thk 
 ruBUC a« /«r</e are concerned to support. Of the srocK sys- 
 tem the same author remarks, that m one instance under our 
 immdinte notice, tek thousanp povkps o/ j>aid up capita 
 now stand, after seventeen years^ business, at the value of 
 £70 000 in'the stock market, being £600 per cent, of pre- 
 mium What is it that has so much increased tU value? 
 Only those surplusages of iH.ym.nt by th. public which ^n a 
 MUTVA. 0KK.CE wouUl all coMC back to ilu. assured. In 
 
 fau, the system of mutual assukanc, ^ pure and u,dej.led 
 I lh.i which Uu public should, for its own sake, and partly 
 for the sake of morality, also support. It Is aii institution 
 cont^>mi>lating uumixe.l good to mankind." 
 
 l.„oKE«sou 1>K Morgan, one of the best authors on Life 
 A^urance, ol.erves (immediately after giving an oinn.on in 
 favor of the mutual system as contnusted with the stock,) that 
 tfu^re is nothin, in the commercial world which appro.,ches, 
 even remotely, to the security of a well established and ;n-«- 
 dently managed Life Insurance Coinpanyr 
 
 WHO SHOULD INSURE. 
 With this description and reliability of Life Insurance, let 
 u« consider more in det.nl its especial object. Who Bhould 
 „.ail themselves of Uieso institutions 1 We answer all, V«th 
 the rich and ,KK,r ; all classes .ui.l denominations ; the clergy- 
 „,an, the layman, the lawyer, Uie doctor, the merchant and me- 
 
 
! to declare our convic- 
 
 ONLY ONE WHICH THE 
 
 ir<. Of the STOCK sys- 
 one instance, under our 
 SDS of paid up capital 
 sine-ss, at the value of 
 £600 per cetit. of pre- 
 :h increased its value ? 
 ')y the public which in a 
 to lite asuured.^^ " /« 
 CE, 'pure and utideflcd,' 
 it own sake, and partly 
 rt. It Is ail instUutioii 
 kind." 
 
 he best authora on Life 
 (T giviiijj; un opinion in 
 ,tod with the stock,) "that 
 world which approaches, 
 )dl established and pru- 
 npany!^ 
 
 48URE. 
 
 lity of Life Insuranco, let 
 ial object. Who should 
 , ? Wo answer all, Iwth 
 lonominations ; the clerjjy- 
 xjtor, the merchant and mo- 
 
 ll 
 
 chanic, the farmer and laliorer. Every one who ha.s a family 
 or friends dependent on him for support should eft'oct an in- 
 surance ui)on his life for their benefit in case of his decease. 
 The rich should do it, because, Ist, tliej liavc the ready means to 
 provide a certainty against the chances of fortune, which often 
 give to riches wings ; and they fly away in an unlooked-for 
 hour, leaving those who fancied themselves secure against 
 want, but only paupers, when death takes from them their 
 provider and protector, viz : a husband and father. Secondly, 
 because they cannot invest their fiuids in a more sure and 
 protitjible manner, with a greater certainty cf a safe return, 
 with interest, than in Life Insurance. 
 
 The poor man should do it, because, however small the in- 
 come, a little can l>6 invested for tiie future want of those wh» 
 otherwise are to bo left destitute when he comes to die ! A 
 reality which is sure, at no distjint day, to bai)pen. 
 
 The professional man should do it, because, though in life 
 and health, with his practice, ho finds a ready means of supiwrt 
 and education for his family, perhaps of surrounding them with 
 the refinements and luxuries of we.altli,yot dc;ith too often takes 
 the whole, and thos<> who Ih-ive never known a care are left to 
 penury and want. 
 
 The man, professioiuil or non-professional, wlio is dependent 
 upon a salarv' for a susU-nance, should do it —because with 
 life the income ceases, and to the loss of a liusband and 
 father may 1h> added dependance upon heartless relations, and 
 ox|)08ure to insult and jxjverty. 
 
 This is particularly obligaljry upon clerpymen, who with a 
 
 ^ ! ■ m il ..■ ■■ —lil lHMIti 
 
 ■%i?mf-' 
 
12 . ^ 
 
 limited salary and closest economy are only enabled to sustain 
 themselves respectably, with scarce a thought or possibility of 
 providing a future competency for their families, when they shall 
 have been called to render up an account of their stewardship. 
 Indeed, we hold it to be a duty of every Church to provide a 
 life policv for their pastor, or at least to add to his salary be- 
 yond his immediate wants a sum that shall enable him to do it. 
 The rmvchant sliould -lo it, because of all classes there are 
 none more exposed to the changes and vicissitudes of fortune 
 than he : though rich to-day, to-morrow poverty may stare h.m 
 in the face ; though apparently independent, yet should death 
 suddenly come upon him, his executon* would scarce find 
 enough to moot his obligations, aft..r forced sales and the usual 
 sacrifices attending the closing up of business. 
 
 « General Dearborn, for many yeai-s collector of the port of 
 Boston, said in a public address : " Af'^r an extmsive acquain- 
 tance with business men, lam satisfied that among one hun- 
 dred merchants and traders not more than three ever acquire 
 
 independence. 
 
 Another writer from Boston says the statement made by 
 General Dearborn, so startling and appalling, induced an ex- 
 amination with much care, which proved it to Ix! true; and 
 that an examination of a memorandum made in 1800, of 
 every person on T»ng Wharf, compared with a similar one 
 made in 1840, showed only five in a hundred remaining; the 
 rest having failed or died insolvent. \ * '~ '- ' V~ 
 ^ The younr, man should insure for his oym, his parents, or a 
 sister's benefit, which he can readily change, if he chooses, to 
 
13 
 
 i only enabled to sui^tain 
 hought or possibility of 
 families, wlion they shall 
 int of their stewardship, 
 ery Church to provide a 
 to add to his salary be- 
 shall enable him to do it. 
 . of all clivsses there are 
 d vicissitudes of fortune 
 )W poverty may stare him 
 )endcnt, yet should death 
 ;utors would scarce find 
 forced sales and the usual 
 business. 
 
 irs collector of the port of 
 After an extensive acquain- 
 fied that among one hun- 
 re than three ever acquire 
 
 the statement made by 
 appalling, induced an ex- 
 roved it to 1)0 true; and 
 iiduin made in 1800, of 
 pared with a limilar one 
 a hundred remaining ; the 
 
 ,r his own, his parents, or a 
 y change, if he chooses, to 
 
 the benefit of a wife, or wife and children, when he shall come 
 to have them, without any increase of yearly promiuni. 
 
 The man with incumbrances upon his jjroperty should in- 
 sure to the full amount of it, to enable his family, in case of his 
 decease, a ready means to meet all payments, and secure to 
 them a comfortable home. 
 
 Creditors should insure the lives of debtors, as the moans of 
 securing the ultimate payment of doubtful debts. A policy 
 of Life Insurance is al-^o applicable as collateral security, when 
 credit is to be obtained, or money borrowed. 
 
 OBJECTIONS TO LIFE INSURANCE ANSWERED. 
 
 First. It is stated that if the same sum that is expended 
 yearly in Life Insurance, were placed in a Savings' Bank, or 
 put out at interest, it would in a few years amount to as much 
 as an insuranc<? policy. We readily grant this fact, but in re- 
 ply would ask what surety is there that a man will live the 
 few years, or the term of his expected life even ? Or, again, 
 what surety is there that he will put out this stipulated sum 
 at interest, yearly ? Pjist experience, at least, teaches that but 
 few men do it; the 10,000 widows and orphans in our midst, 
 give evidence to the fact that it has not been done but in few 
 instances. Suppose a person at 25 years of age, whose pre- 
 mium on Jtl,000 would be $20,40 a year, should put this sum 
 out at interest — at the end of one year, if he should decease, his 
 family gets barely $20,40 with interest added, making $21,82 
 only, wherean, from a life jiolicy they would get $1,000, with 
 his proportions of the accumulations. 
 
 mS^i'^' 
 
14 
 
 Secondly. It is objectea that it is a kind of lottery, or spe- 
 cies of gambling ; that to make it a successful investment, an 
 early death is necessary, &c. Put this is a great mistake, and 
 is only made by those who know nothing of the principles of 
 Life IiLsurancp. There is no gan.bling about it— there is even 
 far less chance in it than in the ordinaiy business of life. As 
 has been before stated, the expectation of life at every age is 
 known, and each man is chaiged that sum per year, which in 
 the given number of yeara ho is expect^^d to live, will amount 
 ito the sum for which he insuivs ; which his family receives 
 at death, together with the accunmlations. If he dies soon, they 
 then get simply the sum for which he insures, with a small iic- 
 cumulatioii. If he lives beyond the expected term of life, they 
 get the amount of his policy t<igcther with the addition of a 
 large amount of accumulations ; and he who ii\ es to pay the 
 most will receive the most. It is, in reality, a more equal 
 distribution of property according to the expecUition of life. 
 
 Thirdly. It is objected to, on the grounds that it is profit- 
 ing in the death of a hiusband or father, lleuce we ofton hear 
 of the superstitious idea tliat " Lift; Insurance is the price of 
 blood." This of course arises from ignorance, as precisely the 
 same objection would lie against any and every sort of provi- 
 sions made for the family in anticipation of death 1 Even the 
 detail of property finds in it the same objection ; yet we 
 never hear that those with such wpieamish notions ever re- 
 fuse a dowry, a legacy, or heirship. 
 
 The truth is, that Life Insurance is simply setting aside and 
 investing a sum yearly, with a wrtainty of a safe return with 
 
 HiW W w» «x*W"J <( *i ' 
 
 ^ r^'-mmi.W-MMi^fltgalf^^: 
 
 ■H^-'miA 
 
, kind of lottery, or spe- 
 ?cessful investment, an 
 i is a ftroat mistake, and 
 ling of the principles of 
 
 about it — there is even 
 ny business of life. As 
 
 of Ufo at every age is 
 . sum per year, which in 
 U^d to live, will amount 
 ch his family receives 
 lis. If he dies soon, they 
 iu!>ures, with a small .ic- 
 pected term of life, they 
 
 with tlie addition of a 
 le who lives to pay the 
 
 reality, a more equal 
 ho exjieotiition of life, 
 grounds that it is profit- 
 >r. lleuce we oft<>n hear 
 surance is the price of 
 uorance, as precisely the 
 and every sort of provi- 
 ion of death ! Even the 
 ime objection ; yet we 
 eamish notions ever rc- 
 
 simply setting aside and 
 ity of a safe return with 
 
 15 
 
 accumulations ; whereas other investments, with a profitable 
 and sure return, are not so easily found, and often end in an 
 entire loss. 
 
 It is an association formed by individuals, who unit« 
 towther, under a contract, to supjiort each other's fami- 
 lies in case of death. In order to accomplish this, it becomes 
 necessary lo establish a fund, which is done by a yearly con- 
 tribution, duly apportioned among them, according to their 
 expecUition of life, and the amount to 1)C received by the 
 family at each one's decease. 
 
 Fourthly, and lastly. It is objected to on the grounds that 
 it is distrusting the goodness of Providence. And the hypo- 
 critical pharisee, who is too supremely selfish to deny lymself 
 in the indulgence of some unnecessary and perhaps f Uhy hab- 
 its, in order to provide his wife and children against want, of- 
 fers as an apology for his conduct his trust in Providence, as 
 if Providence would smile upon or countenance such blasphe- 
 my. Such a trust is sure to end in disappointment. 
 
 In the language of a celebrated divine, " What right has a 
 man to trust to Providcmc to do for him what Providence has 
 enabled him to do for himself ? The wisdom and goodness of 
 Providence are shown in giving man the power, and placing 
 him in circumstances in which he can exercise it. A neglect to 
 use and exorcise this jMiwer, is a disregard of Providence and 
 of his manifest designs. Does a man show his trust in Provi- 
 dence by entertaining the expectation that, though he shall 
 neither plow or sow, yet somehow a crop shall spring up, 
 which he shall be permitted to reap ? Or rather, is not the 
 
 at a wi«ia«ii II ,i i WJ K imj fef . 
 
16 
 
 right trust shown by plowing and sowing, planting and wa- 
 tering, and then, after all, looking to God for the increase. 
 All that our limited power and wisdom can accomplish, it be- 
 hooves us to do; and after that is done, there will still remain 
 an abundant scope for the exercise of a trust in Frovidtnce." 
 
 LIFE INSURANCE OF GREATER MOMENT THAN 
 OTHER INSURANCE.' 
 
 Scarce any one of intelligence at this age doubts the pro- 
 priety of securing his house or property by an insurance 
 against the possibility of a loss by fire or otherwise ; and yet 
 this is absolutely of far loss importance to the family, than an 
 insurSftcc upon their only reliable proi^erty invested in a hus- 
 band and father, which is constimtly exposed to the hazard and 
 uncertainties of life. Should a loss occur in the former, indus- 
 try, perseverance, and economy will in a few years replace it ; 
 in the latter, it is a complete and fatal one, and can never be 
 regained in this world. Truly sad is that fate 'which brings 
 with it only poverty and want, when the certainties of that 
 loss by death shall come to be realized. 
 
 EARLY ATTENTION TO LIFE INSURANCE. 
 
 Life Insurance should then receive the earliest attention of 
 every one who has a family or friends dependent on him for 
 support. The welfare of those we have sworn before high 
 heaven to protect, demands it. llie offspring whom Gotl has 
 given us, and to whom we owe a fostering care, demands it. 
 
 
 ^--..««««»«ifew_a«aBSSBj8f^jie<5= 
 
!ig, planting and wa- 
 God for the increase. 
 I can accomplish, it be- 
 , there will still remain 
 trust ill Providtnce." 
 
 I MOMENT THAN 
 CE.' 
 
 s ago doubts the pro- 
 )erty by an insurance 
 or otherwise ; and yet 
 I to the family, than an 
 lerty invested in a hus- 
 posed to the hazard and 
 ;ur in the former, indus- 
 1 a few years replace it ; 
 one, and can never be 
 that fate 'which brings 
 the certainties of that 
 I. 
 
 E INSURANCE. 
 
 the earliest attention of 
 dependent on him for 
 lave sworn before high 
 offspring whom God has 
 ycring care, demands it. 
 
 17 
 
 The welfare of society demands it. The laws of <iod, of man, 
 of liuman sympathy and kindness, demand it. Wo owe it to 
 ourselves, to our consciences, to all that is near and dear to us, 
 to make such adequate provisions as are mthin our means, for 
 those who have a right to tliat protection which the laws of 
 kindred nature claim. Indeed, it should be a privilege as well 
 as pleasiu'e to ev.-ry g(X)d and free citizen ; and in the lan- 
 guage of ;he Tipostlo, — " If a man provide not for his own, and 
 especially for those of his own liouse, he hath denied the faitli, 
 and is worse than an infidel." 
 
 BUT A SMALL SACRIFICE. 
 
 What man is there that cannot spare from his income the 
 small matter of 2, 4, 6 or 8 shillings j)er week, and not feel 
 himself any the jX)orer for it ; or if needs be, who cannot deny 
 himself some trifling luxury that these would buy, to provide 
 a certainty for those who are near and dear to him, after the 
 last tie is broken. 
 
 Who is there so devoid of feeling, so supremely selfish, so 
 destitute of human kindness, as to add at a last parting, to 
 the anguish and suffering of those to whom he i* \xm\d by 
 the nearest and dearest of all earthly ties, the horrors of 
 destitution, of want, ami of misery. And especially, too, when 
 the means are within his grasp and at so trifling a sacrifice f 
 — Certainly no one that fully understands what these are, 
 and how readily obtained — who is a man, in t'-^ fullest mean- 
 ing of the term — will dare to die, and leave his family with 
 only a prospct of want. 
 
18 
 
 Indeed, we hold it to be a fact beyond controversion, that, 
 with the advant.-iges of the present age, a man has no right 
 to die without first havin- secured a competency, so far as 
 he is able, for the wife of his bosom, who has left a father's 
 houi^e to share in his troubles, and cater to his happiness, and 
 also for the offspring which God has entrusted to his care.^ ^ 
 It is not only an irreparable wrong against them, but it is 
 an injustice to civilized society. It is a crime against high 
 Heaven, for which his Maker will one day call him to an 
 
 account. 
 
 We speak thus positively upon this subject, because the 
 means are within the reach of all who enjoy a fair proportion 
 of health. The expense is far less than most people imagine 
 who have not investigated this subject. (See Tables, page 23.) 
 
 ALL MAY INSURE. 
 
 Where is the man that cannot spare a small quarterly or 
 yearly sum of money to guarantee his family against the pos- 
 sibility of want ? Not one who reads this book— scarce one 
 in this community, or any other. At least, if you show us 
 such a man, we will show you one that spends an equal 
 amount for the indulgence of that most filthy of all habits, 
 the use of tobacco, or some other equally unnece^ary one 
 that neither benefits him or his family. 
 
 But, says one, will you rob us of all our comforts and luxu- 
 ries? We answer, no-r«os<mM«<«'^aHy, NO. For any m- 
 dulgence that is injurious to health, and tends to shorten 
 
 
 t 
 
yond controversion, that, 
 age, a man has no ri<jht 
 a competency, so far aa 
 1, who has left a father's 
 iter to his happiness, and 
 entrusted to his care. 
 g against them, hut it is 
 ; is a crime against high 
 one day call him to an 
 
 this subject, because the 
 ho enjoy a fair proportion 
 than most people imagine 
 3t. (See Tables, page 23.) 
 
 lURE. 
 
 spare a sinall quarterly or 
 his family against the pos- 
 lads this book— scarce one 
 At least, if you show us 
 one that spends an equal 
 t most filthy of all habits, 
 >r equally unnecessary one 
 
 Tiily. 
 
 f all our comforts and luxu- 
 haticaUy, NO. For any in- 
 ilth, and tends to shorten 
 
 19 
 
 life, is neither a comfort or luxury. And ho who deprives his 
 family, his wife and children, whom ho is bound by all the 
 ties of humanity lo protect and provide for, of that support 
 which his po-ition so justly entitles tliem to, does so at a sa- 
 crifice of justice, reason, and humanity. 
 
 EVILS OF NOT INSURING. 
 
 Do not complain that we are too severe. But go with us 
 among the poor of our large towns and cities— yes, go with 
 us among the poor in our very midst. Behold the widows 
 and orphans suffering for the want of the most common ne- 
 cessaries of life, made so from a neglect to eftect an insurance 
 upon their only property, their only resources, now entirely 
 and forever cut off, viz : the life of a hur^baud and father. 
 
 Behold the misery, the want, the suffering, the cold and 
 cheerless prospects, the excessive toil, the deficiency of food, 
 clothing, and comforts of life. Hark ! hear those dear ones, 
 who once had a fond father to caress them, now crying for 
 bread. Witness the pang that shoots through that anxious 
 and care-worn mother's breast, as she raises her eyes to hea- 
 ven, and with a broken heart and suppliant tone pleads for 
 her innocent offspring. She murmurs not ; but she feels that 
 her burthen is more than she can bear. - < ;- * -»w ;„ 
 
 Witness all the horrors of poverty attendant upon a ne- 
 glected widow, whoso greatest exertions are remunerated only 
 with a miserable pittance, surrounded, as she may be, with 
 her helpless children— suffering for the necessaries of life ; and 
 
 .v&».KmrtD^^-faSig^0^eij^i^!^f^ - 
 
 
S : 
 
 pli: 
 
 m 
 
 20 
 
 then, but for a moment reflect that our own families, our own 
 wife,' and dear ones, are daily exposed to the same sad fate, 
 80 long as we live without providing a certainty against their 
 
 future want. 
 
 This is not an overdrawn picture. In the capacity of a 
 physician for the last fourteen years, we have witnessed nu- 
 merous instances of families reduced to penury and want hy the 
 death of a husband and father, whose former circumstances 
 were in every respect as good as many of ours ; and far better 
 than some who imagine themselves rich in this world's gooda. 
 
 WHEN OUGHT AN INSURANCE TO BE EFFECTED? 
 
 Now. Firet, because it is less expensive than it will be 
 when you get older. Second, because, if in health, you wUl 
 pass a medical examination and be accepted. Third, life » 
 uncertain, and delays are dangerous. 
 
 In proof of the first, we have only to state that the premium 
 rates, per year, are increasing as you grow older, so long as 
 you remain uninsured. Whereas, when insured, you continue 
 to pay, during your natural life, the rates per year that are 
 chargeable at the age you make the first payment. 
 
 A man at 43 years of age pays as much per year for a 
 pohcy of 12,000, as one at 20 pays for a policy of $4,000 ; and 
 at 50, as much for $2,000 as one at 20 does for $5,300. This, 
 
 with the accumulations made to each F^o" '"««'^*^ '" ^^'^ 
 form of dividends, alone offers great inducements to insuring 
 
 young. 
 
 ■^m, 
 
 j^jHaaf B i' -j B j < MrJ HA *v»a W fl Wi« i ^: : 
 
21 
 
 (ur own families, our own 
 
 ed to the same sad fate, 
 
 a certainty against their 
 
 ;. In the capacity of a 
 rs, we have witnessed nu- 
 to penury and want by the 
 tiose former circumstances 
 ny of ours ; and far better 
 rich in this world's goods. 
 
 ) 
 IE TO BE EFFECTED? 
 
 xpensive than it will be 
 use, if in health, you will 
 accepted. Third, life » 
 
 s. 
 
 r to state that the premium 
 ►u grow older, so long aa 
 when insured, you continue 
 le rates per year that are 
 e first payment, 
 as much per year for a 
 for a policy of $4,000; and 
 1 20 does for $5,300. This, 
 ;ach person insured in the 
 at inducements to insuring 
 
 In ropaid to the second, no Insurance Company will take a 
 risk whtMo ti,. porson applying is not in sound healUi, with a 
 ftiir j.njspect of long lifr-. Hpnce it behooves all who 
 tliink uf insuring, to avail themselves of its advantages before 
 
 the ravages of disease have marked them, and rendered their 
 chances of acceptance doubtful. 
 
 Third, and lastly. What gi-eater evidence do we Want, lio 
 prove the uncertainty of life and the dangers of delay, than a 
 moment's reflection ; during which our own observations and 
 past exprience shall occupy our mind. How many can each 
 one of us call to remembrance of mothers, orphans, and depen- 
 dent parents, victimized by this uncertainty of hfe and tliis 
 dangerous delay. How many, but for it, would have enjoyed 
 a comfortable livelihood, who now suffer in abject poverty and 
 want. Do not our innermost feelings respond to the declama- 
 tion that 
 
 DELAYS ARE DANGEROUS. 
 
 Procrastination is the thief of time ; disease may come upon 
 you ; death may overtake you ; and in an hour, when you think 
 not, you may suddenly be cut off, and that without remedy to 
 your family. 
 
 Wait not then for a more convenient season ; accept the 
 boon while it is near, and at the earliest possible convenience 
 provide for your own household the means of an honest livelK 
 hood when time shall cease to know you more. 
 
22 
 
 WHAT IF I SHOULD DIE TO-NIOHT? 
 
 Let f^ach one ask himself this question -.-Suppose I were 
 called to render up my stewardship, leaving this for the world 
 of spirits to-nuM ^v^^t provision have I made to seeure the 
 comforts of life to those who are dependent on me for their 
 daily sustc-nance ? Would those who arc dear to me be safe 
 from the pangs of want ? Would this dear wife, and these 
 aged parents, be independent of the cold charities of this world \ 
 Would these dear children, comnuttod to my care, have a 
 comfortable home and the means of education ? Would tliere 
 be no sacrifices of property by forced sales, to meet the de- 
 mand, of creditors, or the want« of diose I leare behind me ? 
 
 If we can answer these to our own satisfaction, then are we 
 prepared, so far as they are concerned, to account for the 
 "Udent" entrusted to our care, returning it with usury. 
 
 In view of all these facts, ought we not, while in health, sur- 
 rounded with the comforts of life, and the means within our 
 power to prepare ouselves to die at a moment's notice, leavmg 
 our families and those dependent on us in as good cncum- 
 gtances as we should do, had we but a warning of the day and 
 hour beforehand. Yea, fully prepared, so that at any hour 
 we can part with our near and dearest friends, and at any 
 hour meet our God. 
 
 m. 
 
: TO-NIOHT? 
 
 ?stion : — Suppose I were 
 leaving this for the world 
 ave I made to secure the 
 opendent on me for their 
 tio are dear to me be safe 
 
 this dear wife, and these 
 old charities of this world 1 
 ittod to my care, have a 
 education ? "Would tliere 
 Bed sales, to meet the de- 
 Jiose I leaTC behind me ? 
 n satisfaction, then are we 
 3vned, to account for the 
 rning it with usury. 
 ,ve not, while in health, sur- 
 and the means within our 
 t, a momenVs notice, leaving 
 
 on us in as good circum- 
 jt a warning of the day and 
 pared, so that at any hour 
 dearest friends, and at auy 
 
 23 
 
 Rates of Premium on 91000 for Life, all cash. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Quarterly 
 Payment. 
 
 Annual 
 Payment. 
 
 Equal 1 
 per week. 
 
 Per (lay. 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 $17 70 
 
 34fts. 
 
 5rts. 
 
 25 
 
 «5 30 
 
 20 40 
 
 39 
 
 5i 
 
 30 
 
 6 20 
 
 23 60 
 
 45 
 
 6i 
 
 35 
 
 7 10 
 
 27 50 
 
 53 
 
 7i 
 
 40 
 
 8 20 
 
 32 00 
 
 61 
 
 H 
 
 45 
 
 9 60 
 
 37 30 
 
 7li 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 11 80 
 
 46 00 
 
 88if 
 
 12* 
 
 Rates of Premium on Life Policiss, with note and cash. 
 
 Age. 
 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 
 Policy. 
 
 >fote. 
 
 Cash. 
 
 I;TI Cash p J 
 per week, '^""'^f- 
 
 $3,000 
 2,500 
 2,200 
 2,000 
 1,700 
 1,500 
 1,200 
 
 «21 24 
 20 40 
 
 20 77 
 22 00 
 
 21 76 
 
 22 88 
 22 08 
 
 $31 86 
 
 30 60 
 
 31 15 
 33 00 
 
 32 64 
 
 33 57 
 83 12 
 
 OltU. 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 63^ 
 
 62i 
 
 64} 
 
 63} 
 
 8^rts 
 8 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 Accumulations of the New- York Life Insurance 
 
 Company, to April, 1852, over $500,000 
 
 Deposited with the Comptroller, 100,000 
 
 " Be wise loday—'lis madness to defer." 
 
 br< ''' * — iwn iw""i 
 
THE 
 
 tm-fm\< lift %\mmtt Companq, 
 
 No. 106 BBOASWAY, 
 
 CORNCR OF PIWB .TREET. NEilKLT OPPOBITB TKINITV CHOBCH, 
 
 NEW-YORK. 
 
 PRESIDENT, 
 MORRIS FRANKLIN. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENT, 
 ISAAC C. KENDALL. 
 
 TRUSTEES, 
 
 MORRIS FRANKMN. 
 JOHN M. NIXON. 
 
 ISAAC C. KENDALL. 
 WILLIAM COXE DUSENBERT. 
 
 ALFRED FREEMAN, M. D. GEOROE GREER. 
 
 JOHN S. BUSSING. 
 JOHN C. BEACH. 
 HENRY I. SEAMAN. 
 WILLIAM BARTON. 
 DANIEL 8. MILLER. 
 
 JOHN L. ROGERS. 
 PETER H. VANDERVOORT. 
 WILLIAM PATRICK. 
 JOHN MAIR& 
 JOHN RICE. 
 
 PLINY FREEMAN. 
 
 ACTUARY, 
 PLINY FREEMAN. 
 
 :'i-ti r^t! 
 
 MEDICAL EXAMINERS, 
 GEORGE WILKES, M. D., 28 Uight *reet. 
 CORNELIUS R. BOGERT, M D . 5 St Marki Plȣe 
 
 \C 
 
 i> 
 
 SOLICITOR, 
 ORSAMGS BUSUNELL, E«| , 22 N»mu iireel. 
 
 MS 
 
 ft.* 
 
mn Componq, 
 
 ITAY, 
 
 •OBITB TKINITV CHOBCH, 
 
 KLIN. 
 
 INT, 
 DALL. 
 
 kC C. KENDALL. 
 
 1.1AM COXE DUSENBERT. 
 
 IKGE GREER. 
 
 N L. ROGERS. 
 
 'ER H. VANDERVOORT. 
 
 ,L1AM PATRICK. 
 
 IN MAIR& 
 
 IN RIt-E. ^ • 
 
 AN. 
 
 :man. 
 
 IINERS, 
 
 Ijiighl •:ree(. 
 
 D., 6 St Mvrk'i Place. 
 
 R, 
 
 |., 122 NacMii Mreet.