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32X

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SAM

SEWING MACHINE WITH ERICSSON'S POWER ATTACHMENT.

V^f^'f^

EEICSSON S

CALORIC ENCmE.

^CHMENT.

MANUFAOTimED BY

CHARLES PIERSON,

NIAGARA, C. W.

ADDRKSS
SAMUEL RISLEY, CONSULTING ENGINEER,

54 YORK STREET, TORONTO.

TORONTO :

PRINTED BY tOVKLL * GIBSON, YONOB STBBET.

1860.

' * •

> «

^;;

i I,

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JDN ? I 1955

, 1

111

li'

Mr. Pieeson, having purchased the services of Me.
J. Ericsson, the Inventor of the CA.LORIC ENGINE,
as " Consulting Engineer," has erected an Establishment
for the exclusive Manufacture of this new Motor, at
Niagara, C. W., where he is prepared to fulfil Orders for
every description of Caloric Engine used in the United
States or elsewhere.

Copies of all new designs foi* the application of the
Caloric Engine, as the Invention progresses, will be im-
mediately forwarded by Mr. Ericsson to Mr. Pierson, for
his use.

Mr. Pierson has also made an arrangement with iVJE.
Samuel Fisley, Consulting Mechanical Engineer, Toronto,
from whom information relative to the application, powers,
&c., &c., of the Caloric Engine, may be obtained.

• ;

^'^Te«s &

TILTON «.Y.

EIGHTEEN INCH CALOaiC ENGINE.

ERICSSON'S

CALORIC ENGINE.

This Motor may be confidently pronounced one of the
greatest boons which the ingenuity of man lias ever bestowed
upon his race.

From the earliest ages, the unreliable and fluctuating powers
of wind and water have been employed as motive agen'i.
Recently the more certain, but dangerous, j)0\ver of Steam,
has been brought to labour for man.

But now, for the first time, the common atmosphere is jirac-
tically employed in doing human drudgery, and in saving the
sinews, limbs, and lives of the toiling millions. It is made to
operatCp a harmless, controllable, certain, and universal Motor.

ERICSSON'S CALORIC ENGINE is no longer a subject
of experiment, but exists as a perfect, practical machine, daily
at work in numerous and diversiHed uses, with uiideviating
success.

i'-

ERICSSON S CALORIC ENGINE.

I. Within the limits claimed for the Motor, its power is
certain, uniform, and entirely fufficient.

II. The Machine is not attended with the numerous perils
that attach to the Steam Engine, and make it so uncomfortable
and dangerous a servant ; but, on the contrary, it is absolutely
free from danger.,

III. It requires no engineering supervision. Any person
may take charge of it, or it may be kept in action by a few
minutes' attention of the workman who is using its power.

IV. It consumes a very small amount of fuel — sa\^ .S3 per
cent, of the Steam Engine, and requires no water.

V. Does not raise the rate of Insurance.

It is employed for working printing j)rcsses ; hoisting gear
for warehouses, docks, and ships ; mills of various descrip-
tions ; pumps of all kinds, from those used in raising water in
houses for domestic use, and those employed at railway sta-
tions, mines, and for pumping slii|)s ; also for purposes of irri-
gation, a..d supplying villages with water. It has been tested
with perfectly satisfactory results in the propulsion of boats
and pleasure yachts ; and is adapted to the supply of power
for the various operations of farms and plantations, and for
nuiuerous mechanical employments.

Coppersmiths, workers in all the metals, and workers in all
the forms of human industrv, will fiiul that the fuel which

its power is

nierous perils
uncomfortable
is absolutely

Any person
ion by a few
s power.

— say ;^3 per j
er.

hoisting gear
ions descrip-
ing water in

railway sta-
loses of irri-

been tested
ion of boats
ly of power
ns, and for

rkers in all '
fuel which

ERICSSON S CALORIC ENGINE.

warms their workshops, may, at the same time, perform labour
for them in the most efficient manner, by being made to ac-
tuate the Caloric Engine.

Indeed, this Engine is of universal application, wherever a
limited, economical, safe, independent, and self-managed motive
power is desired.

Upwards of four hundred of these Engines, of the various
sizes, are already in use.

O©^

■

CALORIC ENGINES IN USE

IN THE

UNITED STATES.

-•■»■

Amongst the Caloric Engines in use, we are permitted to
refer to the following:

Messrs. Duncan, Sheeman & Co.'s Bank.

The Meteopolitan Bank.

Ameeican Exchange Bank.

The Bank of New Toek — each a 12-inch Engine, used for
pumping.

T. W. Steong, Job Printer, and Proprietor of the Yankee
Notions Newspaper, 24-inch Engine, used for working
his presses ; requiring about 5 -horse power, and con-
sumes 80 pounds of coal per day.

Alex. Shaw's Wire Establishment, 194, West 27th Street,
12-inch Engine for working his machinery.

C. C. Shellet, Job Printer, 68, Barclay Street, 18-inch
Engine, working his presses.

FiTCHBTJEG R. R. Co., Boston, an IS-inch Engine, for pump-
ing at Waltham Station. This Engine, which has dis-
placed a Steam Engine, rated at 7-horse power, draws
water from a pond 450 feet distant, and fills the reservoir
at the station in one hour and ten minutes ; the time
occupied by the Steam Engine, in doing the same work,
having been two and a quarter hours. They have also an
Engine at South Groton Station.

USE

)ermitted to

ne, used for

the Yanhee
for working
r, and con-

27t}i Street,

et, 18-inch

, for pump-
ch has dis-
)wer, draws
le reservoir
; the time
same work,
ave also an

CALORIC ENGINES IN USE.

John Andekson, Esq., 8-inch Engine, used for pumping, at
his residence in Madison Avenue and 38th Street.

James H. Stimpson, Esq., Baltimore, 24-inch Engine, used
for driving machinery ; and also a 12-inch Engine, for
pumping.

B. B. NosTRAND, Esq., Nostrand House, Sands' Point, 12-
inch Engine, for pumping.

J. A. EoNALDS, Esq., of Pelham, in the Caloric paddle-wheel
yacht, named " Caloric," two cylinders of 18-inches each,
in a boat of 50 feet in length. Also, Double 32-inch
Engine, in a beautiful propeller yacht, 75 feet long.

Ebench & Wheat, 18, Ann Street, 24-inch Engine, lor driv-
ing their printing presses.

Steward's Warehouse and Storage, 15, State Street, for
working hoisting machines.

Messrs. Washburn, Worcester, Mass., a 12-inch Engine, for
driving a pump and light machinery, and a blower.

Messrs. Canet Bros., Philadelphia, a 12-inch Engine, for

pumping.
Messrs. Tiffany & Co., 550, Broadway, a 12-inch Engine, for
pumping.

J. E. Cheeves, Esq., Savannah, 12-inch and double 24-inch
Engines, for pumping, and other uses, on his plantations.

Messrs. Porter & Tobin, Baltimore, an 18-inch Engine, for
driving their printing presses.

The N. Y. Central Eailroad Company, five 18-iuch En-
gines, for pumping water at various stations.

Messrs. Angell & Co., Packers, 158, Chambers Street, a
24-iuch Eugiuc, to drive their hydraulic pumps.

C. F. Hall, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio, a 24-iuch Engine, for
driving prir'ing presses.

ERICSSON S CALORIC ENGINE.

G-EGRGE W. Sleeper, Esq., Providence, an 18-inch Engine,
for driving a large coffee-roaster and mill.

DrR. Smith, Homoepathic Pharraacv> No. 484 Broadway, an
18-inch Engine, for driving sugar mills, and varied ma-
chinery.

Dr. Wai. B. Moffatt, Moffatt's Buildings, corner of Broad-
way and Worth Street, a 12-inch Engine, for pumping.

C. H. LiLiENTHAL, Esq., a 12-inch engine, for pumping water,

at his country seat, at Yonkers.
R. W. Montgomery, Esq., a 12-inch Engine, for pumping

water, at his country seat, High Cottage, Westchester

County.
G-EORGE Lewis, Jr., Esq., Washington Heights, an 8-mch

Engine, for pumping.

Wm. H. Townsend, Esq., an 8-inch Engine, for pumping, at
his country seat, at Tarry town, N. T.

N. T. Juvenile Asylum, an 18-inch Engine, for pumping.

E. R. Webb & Co., a 24-inch Engine, for driving machinery
for making printers' materials.

King & Brown, an 18-inch Engine, for driving skirt making

machinery.
JosnuA J. Henry, an 8-inch Engine, for pumping, in house

in Eifth Avenue.

Pesant & Bro., 13 Engines, for various purposes, in the
Island of Cuba.

E. A. Wharton, a 24-inch Engine, for tlie Brookh/n Daily
Transcript.

Whitham Sf' Lawrence, an 18" inch Engine, to drive machi-
nery in tobacco factory.

Jeffers & Bro., 181, Broadway, a 24-inch Engine, for dri-
ving machinery.

M. Keiffer & Co., Chambersburg, Pa., a 24-inch Engine, for
driving printing presses.

nch Engine,

roadway, an
varied ma-

er of Broad-
pumping.

iipiua: water,

or pumping
VV^estchester

, ^Q 8-inch

Jumping, at

pumping,
f machinery

kirt making
g, in house

lea, in tlie
hh/n Daily
rive machi-
le, for dri-
3ngine, for

D. Devlin, a l2-ineli Engine, tor pumping, at country seat.

John A, Hall, a 2i-ineh Engine, for driving skirt making
machinery.

Gr. A. Smitil, an 8-inch Engine, for pumping, at country seat.

B. E. Clahk & Co., an 18-ii\cli Engine, for driving printing
presses in bag factory.

Ship TJnderwiitter, a 24-inch Engine, for pumping, hoist-
ing, <&c.

Geo. S. Case, Skeneateles, a 24-inch Engine, for propelling
yacht.

Dodge & G-rattan, 50. Gold Street, N. Y., an 18-incli En-
gine for driving printing presses.

Union Mutital Insurance Company, a 12-inch Engine, for
pumping.

Hon. J. E. KuNKLE, Fredericks, Md., a J4-inch Engine, for
pumping in mines.

Deming Jarvis, Boston, "Twin" 2! -inch Engine, for driving
glass-cutting machinery.

J. Anthony k Co.. Sacramento, Cal., a "Twin" 24-inch
Engine, for drivini]; printing presses in the largest print-
ing office ''n California.

Stimpson ^ Neilson, a 24-inch Engine, for use in a pottery.

J. D. Defreez, Indianapolis, an 18-inch Engine, for driving
printing presses.

J. R. Cheeves, Savannah, double 24-incii Engine, for pro-
pelling yacht.

Daniel Lovejoy, New Sork, an 18-iuch Engine, for driving
buzz saw, &c.

Sackett, Belcher Sl Co., 26 and 28, Pearl Street, double
32-inch Engine, for hoisting.

THE NEW MOTOR.

It is some eighty-six years since Mr. Boulton, at the great
steam-engi'ie works at Soho, made use of the memorable
expression lo Boswell, " I sell here, Sir, what all the world
desire to have — Power." The mechanical world has been
occupied from that time to the present, with this problem of
power, and mechanical ingenuity has tasked and exhausted
itself with efforts to construct a machine that should prove an
efficient auxiliary or rival of the steam-engine. x\.ud it is
most extraordinary that, notwithstanding the amount of
inventive genius and science that has been expended in this
special field of labour, literally nothing had been accomplished
of any practical importance till Ericsson produced the Caloric
Engine, in the particular form and with the peculiar devices
which distinguish it from all the engines actuated by heat, that
have been built at 8uci> an enormous expense of time and
money.

Motive engines of a moderate or even small power )lay a
very important part in the economy of luiman life. The
frightful horrors of the slave-trade, the scarcely less friglitful
horrors of the traffic in Coolies, nay, the haggard features and
jaded limbs that, in our great cities more especially, s]>eak so
distinctly of over- wrought human labour, and cry out so
emphatically for relief — all these demonstrate that a compact,
manageable, safe, and economical motor, adequate to the work
of a single slave, or ccoly, or over- tasked white man or white
woman, would do more to mitigate the suffering and diiuinish
the drudgery of mankind than any other conceivable invention.

at the great
) memorable
.11 the world
'Id has been
is problem of
id exhausted
luld prove an
And it is
amount of
aded in this
iccomplished

the Caloric
uliar devices
)y heat, that
of time and

ower )lay a
1 life. The
ess friglitful
features and
ily, sj)eak so
crv out so
t a compact,
to the work
lau or white
ud diminish
le invention.

CM.OKIC HOUSE PUMPING ENGINE.

ERICSSON S CALORIC ENGINE.

After all the enormous accumulation of steam-power, water-
power, wind-power, and horse-power, and their vast achieve-
ments, by how much the larger amount of power exercised in
the world is the aggregated result of individual force applied to
the thousands of little things that occupy the human family in
the daily routine of life ! Combine these forces, and what a
stupendous whole they exhibit ! Make an available motor
that shall be of one-man power, and what a result is obtained \
Make a motor perfectly safe, easily k-jpt in order, requiring no
water, and consuming but little fuel, of the power of a single
horse, to what an extent the aggregate result is augmented,
and what an importance in human affairs such a machine
assumes !

If Ericsson's Caloric Engine, then, claimed to be nothing
but such a motor, it would be a subject well deserving the
most earnest and serious investigation ; but the proof is
accumulated, of a nature that compels belief and defies contra-
diction, which demonstrates the existence in this engine of a
power entirely sufficient for all but a very few of the thousand
uses for which power is required.

It is not material to our purpose to indulge in any retro-
spective review of Ericsson's labours. It is well known that
this grand invention has occupied thirty years of his life, during
which he has built many engines of the largest size, and
uncounted experimental engines of smaller power. Two or
three engines of sixty aud seventy -inch cylinders were standing
in the iron works of his friend Mr. Cornelius H. Delemater,
from whom Captain Ericsson has received the material aid that
has enabled him to perfect his invention, at the time that Mr.
B. Kitching laid the foundation of his present extensive traffic,
by advertising to furnish engines of bix, eight, and twelve-inch
cylinders for pumping purposes and small mechanical uses.
The first engine sold for a specific use was put up by Mr.
Kitching in the banking house of Messrs. Duncan, Sherman

& Co., tor the purpose of supplying tlie upper stories of that
fine edifice with water. Its success led to tlie introduction of
the engine into other banks, and into stores and private dwell-
ings, where it is now axtensively used. The first engine
applied to pumping water at a I'ailroad station was erected at
Waltham, on the Fitchburgh llailroad, in Massachusetts.
This engine was put iu operation in October, 1858. Tiie water
at this station is drawn from the river through a three-inch iron
pipe, 500 ffcet in lengtli, to a height of about 21 feet, and ia
then forced up about 20 feet over the top of the tank. After
eight months' use the Superintendent reported that it had
proved perfectly successful ; that it was readily worked by an
ordinary labourer, required no more time or attention than a
common coal stove, and burned but comparatively little fuel.
This engine was one of 18-incli cylinder, furnished by Mr. John
B. Kitching.

"We have seen an official statement in relation to an engine
put up about a year since to supply the locomotive at the South
Groton Station, on the same railroad. From April, 1859, to
April 1860, this engine pumped 1,600.000 gallons of water, at
an expense to the company for fuel and oil of 825, and for an
" engineer," S2.5 ; and has not cost one cent for alteration or
repairs.

A result more important iu view of the number of engines
employed is exhibited on the New York Central Railroad, on
the line of which there are now some twentv of these en-
gines in daily use. Mr. Chauncey Vibbard, the Superinten-
dent of that road, reports, over his official sigr.atnre, after
several months' experience with a number of those engines,
that they perform an " incredible" amount of labour "for the
small quantity of fuel consumed." One of them, he says, for
36-000 of a cent per hour, does the work formerly done by
four men, at an expense of 1^25 each per month. Another of
the same size, at the Savannah station, at an expense of eleven

The

i'.'s of that
)diictiou of
vate dwell-
rst engine

erected at
saeliusetts.

Tlie water
f^-iut'h iron
eet, and ia
ik. After
lat it had
ked by an
on tlian a
little fuel.
■ Mr. John

an engine
; the South
, 1859, to
r water, at
and for an
beration or

)f engines

ilroad, on

these en-

iperinten-

ire, after

engines,

" for the

) says, for

done by

nother of

of eleven

cents a day, does the work of five men, who received SI 2.5 a
month. Other engines have been erected on several other
railroads for pumping purposen with the same favourable
result.

The second application of the caloric engines was to the
driving of printing presses. The first trial of the engine for
this purpose was made in the office of The Hartford Timea —
tiie first that was entirely successful was made in the office of
T. W. Strong, No. 98 Nassau Street, in this city. The next
engine built was set up in the office of Messrs. French h
Wheat, No. 18 Ann street, and the third in the office of Mr.
C. C. Shelley, a job-printer in Barclay street. The result has
been the adoption of the engine in numerous job-offices in every
part of the country. There are now no less than forty daily
papers in the United States printed by Ericsson's engines^
most of them of 24-inch, but three or four of 12 and 18-inch
cylinders. One of the most recent testimonials to its value is
from the proprietor of The Savannah Evening Ec(^press, who
states that he regards it as the most perfect and economical
motive ])<.wer ever applied.

The increasing demand for the engines for miscellaneous
purposes induced Mr. Kitching to make arrangements with the
long established engineering house of Messrs. Clute Brothers
of Schenectady, which have resulted in the almost exclusive
j'.ppropriation of their foundry to the manufacture of Erics-
son's engine. As they were the earliest in the field, they have
constructed many more engines than any other house, having
now nearly 200 in actual operation, and being under contract
to supply Mr. Kitching with 10 engines, from 8 to 24-inch
cylinder, every week.

Sometime in the Summer of 1858 a license was issued to
Mr. Joel Nourse, of the well-known agricultural-implement
house of Boston, and Mr. A. H. Caryl of South Q-roton
Massachusetts ; and, under their auspices, the Massachusetts

ERICSSON S CALORIC ENGINE.

Caloric Engine Company entered upou the niauufaoture of the
engines at South Groton. Towards the close of 1858, Messrs.
I. P. Morris and Co., of Philadelphia, the oldest establishment
in that city engaged in the manufacture of machienery, applied
to Capt. Ericsson for a license.

It has always been a favorite idea with Captain Ericsson,
that by the introduction of his engine he was to materially
diminish human drudgery. When it was suggested to him,
therefore, that it miglit be advantageously applied to sewing-
machines, he devoted himself with great interest to the subject-
and soon devised an arrangement tliat has proved in practice
completely successful. His plan is to employ the engine to
pump air into a tank or reservoir, from which it is transmitted
by tubes to each sewing-machine, by a simple mechanical
attachment which actuates the treadle and graduates its speed
at the will of the operator. This arrangement dispenses
entirely with the use of the foot and leg of the operator, the
action of which during the long hours of the working day is
always painful, and in some cases insupportable. The operator
is thus enabled to devote her exclusive attention to the material
she is employed upon, and the guidance of her needle, so that
she accomplishes in a given time a much larger amount of work.
The new motor has been applied to some forty machines in the
extensive clothing establishment of Messrs. Carhart & Payan
in this city. There is no doubt that it increases the effective
force of the operator fully fifty per cent.

Still more important is the application of the engine on
board of large ships, where it is used for pumping, loading and
discharging cargo, warping ship, handling the anchors, setting
up rigging, and for many other purposes now requiring manual
labour. After the use of one of these engines on board of the
ship Underwriter for several months, Captain Roberts reports
that it is a money-saving machine, and gives it as his opinion
that four-fifths of the vessels that put back leaky, would find

•^Te/,,

'S& T/LTOI

•e of the
Messrs.
liahment
, applied

Ericsson,
aterially
to him,
> sewing-
subjectj
practice
Qgiue to
nsmitted
3chanical
its speed
ispenses
ator, the
gday is
operator
material
so that
of work.
33 in the
fe Payan
eifective

"^re^s

T/LTON

ERICSSON'S AIIl HOISTKK.

gme on
ling and
, setting

manual
d of the

reports
opinion
uld find

it, LUinecc
this desc
attention
as to lead
the mines
Wo h[
Messrs.
eight wee
gentlemc
requisite
In the fir
Messrs.
period, t
whom dci
caloric en
because
because
iutercstei
own judg

DuriDj
& Caryl
bcginnin;
more th;
They sai
whicli we

"Since (
ami to (liiy
sliop, whic
po!i(lont o

tuols CIIOU!

mid wo Ik!
if our tnui
Our yjiles
lii'st pevci
business,
that Avc lii'

it unnecessary ^vitll a Caloric engiuc ou board. An engine of
tins description on the ship Wild Pigeon excited so mucli
attention by the ^vork it performed in port at Caldcra, in Chili,
as to lead to several orders for engines, to pump and hoist at
the mines in that A'icinity.

Wo have already alluded to the engine put in operation by
Messrs. Nourso k Caryl at (Iroton in 1859. It Avas about
eight -^-eeks from the time that engine Avas started bcl'orc theac
gentlemen found anotlier customer, Avho miited the discernment
requisite to appreciate the engine with the courage to bny one.
In the lirst seven months of their manufacture of these engines,
Messrs. Nourse X: Caryl sold but ten of theni> During that
period, they were visited by thousands of persons, nnur of
whom declared themselves in want of just su':h a power as the
caloric engine would give them. Lut they failed to buy — some
because they were fearful of being " humbugged ;" others,
because they were dissuaded by the advice and influence of
interested parties ; others, through a want of confidence in their
own judgment.

During this long period of popular distrust, J^Iessrs. Nourse
k Caryl continued to manulacturo the engines ; and at the
beginning of the last Avinter they had standing on their floor,
more than twenty engines ilnished and ready for market.
Tliey say in a letter not intiMided for publication, but froui
which we have been ])ermitted to make an extract :

''Siiico (lien we imvo kept oiii* men cuustantly at work on euloric engine^,
ami (,o day our orders arc in excess of unr ability to supply. Our niacliino
shop, which h exclu;-ively devoted to them, is 60 x 100 loot; this is iiulc-
pojidont of our fort^o shop and slvel, iron shop. We liave room oiough,
tools enough, Jni<l can procure men enough to put up an engine every day,
and we t)elieve we shall ere long be called upon to do so, certainly we shall
if our traii(! eonliuues to increase for a few weeks as it has the past three.
Our sales now for a single month are larger than they were during the
i iir&t fjoveu. Dut the above is not all that we find encouraging in the
business. We have the satisfaction of knowing that every calorie engine
that we have ;H)ld gives entire and complete satisfaction to the purchaser.''

ERICSSON S CALORIC KNGINE.

Tho application of tlic engines ]nade by Messrs. Noiirso &
Caryl have been quite miscellaneous. Their second sale was of
a 24-inch engine to Mr. Ashhel AV^aito of Charlcstown, who
uses it to drive a morocco-polishing machine, and a mill for
fulling goat-skins. Anotlier engine of the same size they set
up in the cabinet manufactory of Mr. S. A. Parker at E-eading,
'.vhere it drives macliines for cutting oil' rough boards, splitting
up and squaring olT stuii", gig-sawing and groovinj^, and planiu|j;
with a side-jointer, in the Fall of 1859, Mr. E. B. Phillips
purcliased one of tlie same power, to drive the machi.iery in
his shoe-manuiactory at 2\atick, and lie is satisfied that it is
the most economical power he can employ. A similar engine
was set up in the currier's shop of Mr. U. E. AVilliams at
Salem, where it drives a leather-splitting and iinishing macliiue
at the same time with perfect ease. They have also furnished
engines to the proprietor of The Maiiie Farmer at Augusta ;
for a bakery at AYilmington ; for a bookbinder's shop at
Providence ; for Dr. S. Gr. Howe's Asylum at South Boston to
drive a fan for purposes of ventilation ; for cotton grinding at
Corpus Christi ; for picking hair at i3everly ; and for glass
cutting at Sandwich. Other engines put up by Messrs.
Nourse & Caryl are in operation at; Thomas AVilkin's lace-
manufactory at Dorchester, in tlie sash and blind factory of the
Messrs. Taft at Pitswilliam, and are driving the paint-mills of
Allan Lucas & Son at New-Bedford, and the printing-presties
of Ivnowlee, Anthony & Co., at Providence.

AVe have mentioned the house of JMcssrs. 1. P. Morris kV Co.
of Philadelphia. They have been engaged about iifteen months
in the manufacture of these engines. Ijesides engines for
domestic and liailroad pumping, and for printing, they have
set up engines in the warehouses of the Pennsylvania Jvailroad
Company at Parkersburg and the Bird-in-Hand Stations, for
elevating grain from tho cellar to the second stories and dis-
tributing it into bins. They have also furj;ished a single
twenty-four inch engine to Mr. Henry Carlisle ci' Philadelphia,

\rho eii

28-incl

grinds

Philad

which,

one ro

saws

Messri

double

of six

quartz

of por

ERICSSON S CALORIC KNOINK.

S'^oursc &
lie was of
twn, wlio
a mill for !
they set ,:
Readhin;, ;
splitting

d phmin<j;
Phillips

lii.ierj in :i
that it is 11

ar engine j

lliains at \

niacinue 'i

furnished |

iugusta ;
shop at

Boston to

nding at

for glass
Messrs.

n's lace-

vy of the

i-mills of

^-presses i

is (Jc Co.
I months
;ines for
loy have
Ivailroad
ions, for
iiid dia-
i sinqlc
dul|)hia,

\Tho employs it in his comb manufactory to drive three bull's of
28-ineh diameter at a speed of 700 revolutions a minute, a
grindstone, a lathe, and a drill. ]\rr. Xelsou J. AVennner of
Philadelphia also employs one of their 21-inch engines, by
which, at an expense of 2^ cents an hour, he runs two lathes,
one routing machine at 5,000 revolutions a minute, three 8-iuch
saws at 2,500, and one li-inch saw at 2,000 revolutions.
Messrs. Jones & White of Philadelphia have employed a
double 24-inch engine of the Moi-ris manufacture for upwards
of six months, to run three mills and three mortars for grinding
quartz, spar, and colouring materials used in the manufacture
of porcelain teeth, one rolling-mill, four small lathes, and one
grindstone ; and report that they are perfectly satisUcd with
its operation.

A few months since, Messrs. \Vm. Kidd & Co. of Eochester,
an establishment extensively and favourably known for its
manulacture of steam-engines, and of all articles of iron
required for the use of railroads, l.ad their attention drawn to
the caloric pumping-eugines for locomotives at railroad stations,
and were so much struck by their singular adaptation for this
purpose that they applied to Capt. Ericsson for a license to
build them. They commenced immediately upon the IS -inch
engine, which is the size most generally called for by the rail-
road stations, and which is abundantly powerful for all their
pumping purposes.

But, rapid as has been the progress of the new motor in the
United States, it has advanced with equally rapid strides both
in tSweden and in Cuba ; a fact that must set at rest the objec-
tion that the engine does not operate as Avell in warm weatluu*
as in cold, in Sweden, the AffouhladeJ, the leading journal
of Stockholm, of the 15th of March, transfers to its columns
The Tribune's article on the Ericsson engine of the 11th of
February, and adds:

"All tliin (Voin Tup: N. Y. TRir.i;N'E of the great progre.si wliidi tlm
caloi'ie eni,'iiio is iiiiikiiiij; in tlio l)usy latnl wliicli Uki iiivoiiloi' liris solccletl

for his sphorc of activity. Let us now take a glance at the progress of the
invention in liis native country. It is now about a year since we first heard
of Capt. Ericsson's hxst and succes-.l'iil solution of his life's problem, and
about nine months since the first of the perfected engines was here exhibited.
TliH great interest it has excited, and the numerous enquiries which are
daily received, show clearly tliat the invention here, as in America, was
wished for, and that it is destined to sup[)ly a want long felt."

Our Swedish contemporary tlicn enumerates the peculiar
advantages of tlie invention in a Scandinavian point of view,
and proceeds :

"A proof that speaks for itself in regard to the existing desire to obtain
caloric engines, is the fact that already nineteen mechanical establishments
in Sweden have applied for and obtained licenses and Avorking plans for
building the same. Among these Finspong, Brasaholm, Brefven, and
Hcllefors have already commenced to deliver engines ; while Trollliattan,
Gefle, Branninge, and others are nicnufacturing them."

The various uses to which the engines already delivered
liave been applied, are then stated, such as to printing, soda-
water manufacture, bone-crushing, malt-mashing, towing,
pumping in various localities. A pumping engine for freeing
the works of the harbour now in progress at Garland, on Lake
Weuern, in Varmland, is particularly noticed. Grinding
cutlery at Eskilstuua, the Sheffield of Sweden, is also mention-
ed among the applications of the new motor.

It also appears that two establishments in Denmark have
obtained licenses ; another in Christiauia, the capital of Nor-
way, and. another at Abo, in Finland.

In tlie month of June last, the first experiment with the
caloric engine in Cuba was made in the Palace at Havana, in
the presence of Captain- General Concha, and other high
functionaries and persons of distinction. This trial was made
under very curious circumstances. Tlie engine was in the
charge of a person who understood little about it. Desirous
of showing it to the best advantage, he dctennined to apply it
to a cotton gin — cotton planting and ginning being then in
high favour in the island. Not being aware of tlie power

any

ess of the
first hearJ
;3blaiu, and

exhibited.

w])ich are
lerioa, was

peculiar
of view.

i to obtain
jlishraents ,
', ])laa3 for
fven, and
rollhattao,

lelivered
\gf soda-
towing,
r freoinir
on Lake
Grinding
nention-

rk Iiave
of Nor-

xith the
ana, in
Br high
xs made

in the
)esii'on3
ippiy it
then in

power

necessary foi* such work, he ordered a large gin of 7'2 saws to
be transported to the palace, and caused it to be geared to a
single small caloric engine, only 18 inches in diameter.

When everything was up and in good orL'-^r, the evening
previous to the morning on which the trial w as to be made,
an old American engineer, who had long experience in working
cotton gins, seeing the wliole apparatus, dec^ c:-ii that the
little 18-iuch engine could not do the work, since a gin of such
a size required at least from seven to eight horse power to
work it. Here was a dilemma. Tlie invitations to witness
the experiment had been given ; the persons invited were too
important to be disappointed ; and there was uo time to make
any dilferent arrangement in the machinery.

In such an emergency it was determined to try it forthwith.
A good fire was made in the engine, and in half an hour's time
the person having charge of it saw, to his great surprise and
delight, that it turned the gin in the most beautiful manner.
Of course the cotton was fed to the saws Avith the utmos. 'are ;
but when, tho next morning, the experiment was repeated in
the presence of the Captain-G-eneral and other invited persons,
it was a most successful one, and elicited the admiration of all
present.

Since then Ericsson's engine has been applied in Cuba to
many purposes. The distinguished Dr. Torrado, of Trinidad,
led the way by purchasing four engines, two of 24-inch cylinder,
which he is now applying to an aqueduct of his own construc-
tion, and the others of IS-incli diameter, for the purpose of
irrigation. The presses of the Groverument printing-office at
Havana are moved by two 24i-inch caloric engines, displacing a
steam-engine which formerly did the work ; and in the large
military hospital of the same city, the Government has also
adopted Ericsson's engine for driving a large mangle that is
constantly at worli in that immense establishment. In the
Iris printing-olTice, another 2'1-inch caloric engine is doing the
work that formerly required several strong negroes. There

are otlier engines employed in mincing tobacco, hoisting,
driving corn mills and wood-worlciug machines, pumping water,
&c. ; but by far the most important application tliat has been
made in that island, of the caloric engine, is to the grinding of
sugar cane on the plantations.

The introduction of such a motor was one of the prime
necessities of Cuba. The old ox mills were utterly insufficient
for the large modern sugar estates ; and besides, their labour
was very exhausting and costly. It required a great number
of men and oxen, and the juice of the cane was but imperfectly
expressed, the best part being thrown away with the har/asse.
The steam engine obviated these difficulties, but it created
others of great magnitude. Tlie Island being destitute of coal
beds, wood is used to supply the great consumption of fuel
required by the steam-engine, the consequence of which has
been that in less than twenty years immense forests of tlic
finest kinds of timber have been, completely destroyed. ;
Besides, on account of the great scarcity of water in many
parts of the Island, it is enormously expensive to procure the
quantity necessary for feeding the steam-boilers. On some
plantations the cost of water for the purpose amounts to
thousands of dollars annually. The expense for engineers is
also great, as they all have to be imported from some foreign
country.

The advantage to be derived from the application of Erics-
son's engine to the grinding of sugar canes were first appreciat-
ed by Messrs. Anguera and Martinex, wealthy merchants and
planters at Havana, persons endowed with enlarged views and
a progressive turn of mind. Desirous of doing away with the
old ox-mill in the imjenio, " La Sierra,''' a beautiful sugar
plantation situate near the port of Mariel, and at the same
time unwilling to suffisr the ruinous wasting, and many dangers
and inconveniences of the steam engine — one of which in Cuba
is the unavoidable necessity of an engineer — they determined
to try the Caloric Engine. Accordingly they ordered the

construe
of corre
this size
(the lai
impossi
crop,
this fat
engine,
with a
diately.
of this
was ut
lathes,
prcvaih
; to alio'
sugar c
kind oj
apprise
of suga
in this
diamet
works,
the pr
with tl
taken
lacilii^
the ci
Havat
made,
the sa
steam
, there
to tlu
whok

hoisting,
11,1^ water,
lias been
•inding of

he prime
usuflieient
ir labour
t nuinber
1 perfect]}^
e haqasse.
it created
te of coal
u of fuel
'hich has
its of tlic
estroyed.
in many I
3cure the ;
On aomc
ounts to
ineers is
e foreign

3f Erics-
ppreciat-
aiits and
ews and
with tlie
Lil sugar
he same
dangers
in Cuba
:ermined
3red the

construction of a twin engine of IS-iucli diameter, with a mill
of corresponding size : but the season being far advanced, and
this size of engine being much larger than any before built —
(the largest till then being only 32-inches diameter) — it was
impossible to have it finished in season to take in this year's
crop. When Messrs. Anguera and Martinez became aware of
this fact, being determined at any rate to try the Caloric
engine, they ordered the largest engines that could be procured
with a mill of a corresponding size, to be sent to them imme-
diately. There Avas at that time at the Delemater Iron "Worka
of this city, a twin caloric engine of 32-inches diameter, which
was used for driving a trip-hammer, a fan- blower, several
lathes, and other machinery. Mr. Delemater was reluctantly
prevailed upon to let this engine go, but Capt. Ericsson declined
to allow it to be sent to Cuba, for the purpose of grinding
sugar cane, until it was thoroughly tested here, with the same
kind of work. When Messrs. Anguera and Martinez were
apprised of this, they sent immediately a considerable quantity
of sugar cane ; meanwhile, the only mill that could be procured
in this city was one with rollers 26 inches long by IG inclics
diameter. This was geared to the engine at Mr. Delemater's
works, and tlie actual experiment with the cane was made in
the presence of many persons on the 11th of January last,
with the most complete success. The engines were immediately
taken down and sent, — the rapidity of the operation and the
facility with which the caloric engine is set up being such that
the cane was shipped on board of tke steamer Quaker City in
Havana on the oth of January, brought to this city, the trial
made, the engines and mill taken down, packed and shipped on
the same steamer, taken to Havana, there transported from the
steamer to a sailing schooner, taken to tlie port of Mariel, and
there landed and transported by land and over very rough roads
to tlie plantation, and there set up, botli I'uill and engine ; the
whole having been completed, and the engine and mill working

ERICSSON S CALORIC 1:NGINE.

safisfav.torUij ou the 5tli of i'cbruaiy, just one month from the
time tlio cane for the trial Avas shipped at Havana.

The success of the engine was perfect. The ohl mill was
driven by twelve oxen, whicli were changod every two hours.
For this work there were one liiindred oxen set apart, of wliich
number many died every year of exhaustion and fatigue, and
the rest were in very poor condition at the cud of the crop.
These twelve oxen required four negroes to drive them, and
three or four others Averc constantly employed taking care of
the rest, and driving the changes from the pasture ground to
the mill, and vice versa, and yoking them for the v;ork. The
rollers of the mill were 3(3 inches long and 24 in diameter, and
with the greatest exertion the ox-mill could only turn out 12
boilers or pans of juice in a day, the hayasso leaving the mill
with a great quantity of juice in it. AVhen the Caloric Engine
and its mill were set up, all those men and oxen were dispensed
with, and more work was done in the same time, reachuig to
15 pans of juice ; while the cane was so thoroughly pressed
that it rendered 30 per cent, more sugar than by the ox-mill ;
and the bagasse in two days of exposure to the sun was ready
for the lire of the trains, while drying that of the old mill
required full two weeks.

AVe have left ourselves but little room to speak of the con-
struction of the engine itself. It is enough for our present
purpose to say that its power is produced by common atmos-
pheric air being introduced into the engine, and then expanded
by means of heat generated in a small fiu'nace placed in the
interior of the machine. The heated and expanded air acts
upon a piston, by the force of whicli the %-Avheel is actuated,
in the same manner as in the steam-engi no. When at rest,
tbere is no pressure kept up within the caloric-engiue, and the
power is developed at each successive stroke of the piston.

L'om the

nill waa
J hours.
)f which
juc, and
ho crop,
em, and

care of
ouod to
k. The
tor, and
out 12
the mill

Engine
ispcnscd
uhing to

pressed
3X«mill ;
IS ready
old mill

Lhc con-
present
Li atmos-
xpanded
d in the
air acts
ctuated,
. at rest,
and the
ton.

DOUBLE TWENTY-FOUR INCH CATiORIC ENGINE

.L.UaM/J'Ji&.eA '^ uuiaw-v: