'> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 UilM 125 US u, U2 .... 1^ I.I Ui lit u 140 2.0 In! 1— 11 '-"^ 1'-^ < ■ 6" ► FholDgrsphic Sdmoes QaporatiQii SSWHfMAMSTMn wngnt,N.v. usM (71«)I/»4S0S CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian de microraproductions liistoriquas ^ ©1984 Technical &nd Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas Tl u Tha instituta has attainptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. 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Laa diagrammas sulvants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I PI w UNIVERSITY QUESTION. THE STATEMENTS OF JOHN LANGTON, ESQ.. M.A., VICE-CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OlF TORONTO J AND PROFESSOR DANIEL WILSON, LLD, OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, TORONTO ; WITH NOTES AND EXTRACTS FROM THE EVIDENCE TAKEN BEFORE THE COMMITTEE OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ON THE UNIVEKSITY. TORONTO : ROWSELL & ELLIS, PRINTERS, KING STREET. 1860. ..lonxrin TTi<::i:r/i/i S 5 / ■J .,''' r *; < J( ^ / « ^: ,■ I J^l-?'^>'i' < ! i-..<-^Mir»n 'I .?u 'ft <>■■■*■ » > I •■*■■"-'? OiV The 1 mc\\ of an euqii argmnei tiition I arvangti desire t refei-eiu '/vto U CO ' CBhould 4)nittfte !confine( into til charjje tee to j The , lluivei ; be jiulji ■;h ion. M is only K tenden I into th I be the |uued i I rate c al)olisl reinaii hand < luent, center '*yff^ -• 1 1 STATEMENT '111 : < y OP JOHN LANGTON, M. A., YICE-OHANCKLLOR OF THK UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. 7? Tlie unshod of iii\vstii,'aLioii ii(l()|»t('(l liy tlio Ooiiimittoo has been, that aach of the j^eiitleineii ii|»|»('iiriii!f tui In^hiilf of those, who have jirayed tor sn eiu|uiry, has put in as evidence a written statement of the faels and ai'gunients, hy whicli he sulwtantiates his olijcetions to the present eonsti- tution anm- ■jnittee will n^nieniber that each of these gentlemen has princijKiUy confined himself to one or two particidai- [loints, whilst I have to entei- into tliem itll ; and that the comjilainants trequently inaki* a general charge in a few words, the truth of which T can .stion of the constitution of the Univei'sity would remain unaltered. With regaril to University College, wliilst on the one hand the connexion is closer, as it is suppoi-ted out of the same endow- ment, and forms an essential portion of the Provincial Univemty as contemplated by the Legislature, on the other luunl its internal govern- meiit rt'sts with a Uody eiitirt'ly in enter into «jueHtions relatinj^ to tln) (.'ollege, apail fi'oni its connexion witli the general scheme, unless in answer to (pu'stions which may he put to me hv the Conwnittee. I li (1.) Legality ok the Manacjkmknt oi' the Univeksitv. It is argued that the CoHegiate Institutions supported liy the ditlerenl denominations, have, l)y the Act, an etjuitahh-, if not a h'gal riglit to an apportionnu'nt of the Univei'sity endowment. Di-. Cook supports this view iijKjn what he conceives to l»e the well known and easily proved jwlicy of the framers of the Univei-sity Amendment Act ; Dr. Stinson, upon what he considers " the plain letter and ohvious design " «)f the Act itself. 1 cannot agree with either of them. Itwoidd he very unsafe to judge of the meaning and intention of an Act from the recollection of convei-sations with leading politicians, or even from the individual wi.shes of meinbers of the (jJovernment, .> future legislation. That the present 5-4th section caiuiot have been intendeil to carry out in otlier words the principle of the su|»pres.sed clause, is obvious from the fact, that the latter expi'esses, hh a condition of the grant, the abandonment of their Charters by the Colleges ; whereaa the former in no way limits the ap|)or- tionment which may ue made by Parliament of any surplus. Neither does the Act, a.s it stands, bear out the intention assigned to it by Dr. Stinson. To understand properly the meaning of the Preamble of the Univei'sity Amendment Act, reference n)ust be luul to Mr. Bald- win's Act of 1849, which it repeals. The Preamble of the Act iL' Victoria, chapter 82, recites that " wliei-esus the people of this Province consist of vaiious denominations of Christians, t(» the membei-s of each of which denominations it is desirable to extend the benefits of ITniveixity Education." «kc. The Act, therefore, goes on to |turge King's College of its denominational aspect, and under another name to constitute one central Institution in Toronto, both J\yr leachiny and examinlay, intended to be entirely free from all denominational bias. The 43rd section provides tliat any existu)g Collegia, iipon surrendering its light to confer Degrees, except in Divinity, may become iitfiliated ; but the only privilege they obtain thereby is the |K)wer of electing Membei-s to the Senate. The only teaching Body, except in Theology, was to be the University of Toronti), and no Degree could be conferred except upon students who had gone thrt)ugh their regular coui-se in Toronto. Thin being premised, the meaning of the Amendment Act us illul tl|i> 111 tlii.s lltlMltioil tu |<'xioii witii l>f |>iit tit UTV. ic (lirt'en'iil I'i^lit to an >|Kirts this jsily provt'il ►r. StiiiHoii, (11 " ..f the k<'rv uiisuft' ollcctioii of liial \vi,sh«'.s 11 iiioro MO, 1 (I«ittH not !)•' dniwii islaturt' tiici ; it imviiio; iLstitutiuiis, n;, wiwer to iv the main That the t in other e I'act, that silt ol" their the apiMir- iussigiieil to i I'reamhie Mr. Bald- the Act ll' s Province 1 of eacli of ITni vei-sitv Collejjfe of ititute one •xamminy, The 43rd ts light to ; but the Memhei-s ilogy, wuH eonferreii coiwse in eutAct Is vions. It recites in the I'rcianiltle that no (colleges have attiliateil ; that l^reiits arc^ deteiicd liy tluM^xjM'iise and other eau.ses, from sending young pell to Toronto, and that it is just and right to aH'ord fiu;ilities to those ♦ho jtiii'sue their stndii.'s elsewhere, to obtain l)egre(!S and other Academ- ical honors in the I'rovincial University, according to the system [lursued ill the University of London. Tint Act theiefore goes on to establisli the "University a.s a distinct Hody ; to coiistitnt<' University College out of ttie teaching staH'of the former University, as a College sn|)|R»rted by the State eiidowineiit ; and tlu! 17th section eiuuits that all existing (Jolleges In Upper and Li •w»jr (Janada, and such others jw may afttsrwards be so declared, shall have all the rights of Affiliated Uolleges, and students who have pursued in any of them tlur (tourse of study jirescrilied by the Uiii- voTHity, shall be lus eligil)l(^ for Degrees and other distinctions, a.s those educat(;d in lMiivei*sity College. This, then, is the remedy jirovideil for an acknowledged grievance uiuh^' the old law, and not, as is contended by l^r. Stinsoii, that the Deiiominationai Colleges shouhl be sup|K)rted fiponi the St;it(i Kndowmeiit. That the present olth section could not have been intended as any pledge that tht! Affiliated Colleges should wceive pecuniary aid frtmi tlu^ Endowment, is evident, if only from this £jw;t, that no distinction is maose of jiroviding for an extension of the Fund to the Denominational (colleges. It must strike the Committt'e a.s somewhat sing\ilar, that this avowed purpost; should have been entirely unnoticed in the Act, excejit by the power given to Parliament to d«'al hereafter with any surplus which might arise, lor Academical education generally ; and that tln! Act should only have iBsigned an altogether different reason for the lejieal of Baldwin's Act, vi/. : that instead of pursuing all their studies in Toronto, students might be allowed to jtursue them any where, a.s in the University of London. I)r. Green, thinking only of the money, acciuses the Gromi.sed. i entin;ly concur in the view stilted Viy almo.st all the gentlemen who have appeartid befcsrt! the Comniitiee, that the true jKilicy is to have one Central Body for conferring Degrees, which judges of candidates only liy .their proficiency in the subjects of examination prescribtnl, without regard i t«t the (Jollege in which they have pui"sued their studies, or iiahted whe- :^her they have been students in any iucorjiorated College at all, a point ■'iBtrongly in.sisted upon by the Oxford C«»mmissionei's, (p. ^2ll^, ei acq., ^lleywood's FA.,) and sanctioned by the revised charted' of the* Univei-sity tit' London. lA>r such a system of Univei-sity Edui'.tion the Amendment Act makes ))rovision, and the Statutes framed by the iSenate ai'e adapted to give it tffiect. That the Denominational Colleges, whilst, pi'aising it in theory, \ui\o not thought fit to adopt it in practice, is much to be regrettdl ; but the University authorities are in no way to blame. It is not, a.s stated by Dr. Cook, that "the Government required, an a prelim- inary and necessary condition to attiliatiou, that Colleges having Univer- 6 sity |M)\voi's, nitlu'i- IVoui tli«' Crown i»r liy I'roviiiciul I'liactiiu'iitM, hIioiiU surreiuU'i' tlu'ir jKJWtii'H," for in» sucli provision is contained in the A«!t. It is not, 118, in various forms, is asserted liy the appelhints, that exohi- , sivo privih'ges are j^iven to IJniveixity ( 'onej,'e ; foi-, as will l»e shewn hereafter, no sueh action has luM-n t^iken either hy the (.iovernntent or the Henate. One reason why the Denoniinational ( 'olle^'es hav<> not adopti'd the Univei"sity coui-s*', has lieen stated to he thiit they nre nnahle, from insutticiuat means, to teach all the suitjects re(|iiii'ed. It certainly can not be exjuicted that each ('(»llej^e should niiiintain ii staff of I'l-ofessors capable of etticieiitly te)u;hin^r, in their higher lnanehes, all the subjects embraced in the Univei'sity course — ;i very stronjf ari^unieiit in favcair ot maintaining one Provincial ('ollejj[e that can ; lait l>y the system of «»p- tions permitted, this Wi>idd n«it delinr ilieir stndeiit.s from entering the University, and competing for ht»iiors in departments which their C'ollejje can teach well, i^ut there is a reason beyond this. It is not that any j)art<»f the machinery is wanting t<» establish in Canada .1 system similar to that which works .so well in Kngland, that has formed a i>ar t«> the full carryinj^ out of the A(rt tus yet ; but it is the desiie of Denomina- tional ( 'oUeges to have them supptwted from Provincial Kunds, a desire inconsistent with the well known feelinji,'s of tlu' p«'ople of lIpjM'r ('anada, and at variance with the principh* upon which all our other Nati«>nal Educational [n.stitutions have I n e.st^iblished. As far lus Academical studies and rciwards are conceiiied, the Act proposed to itself the Uni versity of L«)ndon a.s a moiK'l, but in rehition to <;ndownH-nt it distinctly recognizes a ditt'ercnce ; wln^rea-s in Kngland no Government aid is given to any of the Affiliated Colleges as such, in C^anada, as in ireland, the Legislature founded and entlowed ont; n(Ui-d(>nominational Colh'ge, which otherwise hiis no privileges over the otlieis. tott nu'H any I tin"' of II retpj adm| the in Al of t| rem^ eacl for natii .\ct, tion. the Seni iickii T ^thu (2.) Equal Ri(iht.s ov all Akfiliatko Colleges. It is contended that the intention of the Act has been frustmted by the action of Government, and of the Uidversity, which havil iiiahlc, froiii •rtiiiiily can the Hiil)jcct,s ill fuvoiir lit' ^'.stt'in t)f dp- 'iit«'riiig th«- lifir Collej,'*' lot tliat iiiiv t«'iii similar i l>ai' to tilt- Ofiioiuina- Kis, a doHiiT HT C'aiuuia, '!• National A.cafleinical iftlu; Ulli t iliHtinctiy lid is given ••eland, tin* ♦'K«S which ted hy tlie i-sued the pix ThiH some few ' but he mtxl him- ndeutw of Professor nivei-sity '<»nnexion lonto Uni- student of at his own Jard, whe- and that y the Uni- it the time 1864. Of AgHiii, r)r. Hyei-Hon roniplaiiis, that the annual exaniinations make it too Imrdeiisoine foi- students ediiejiti'd out of Toronto to attend ; hut ax a inenilier of the HiMiiite, Dr. Hyei-son sli«»uld he aware, that no stiulent in any Affiliated College is recpiired to apjK'ar except at the examination for the second year, and at the tinal examination ; a certificate from the head of liis Collej^e that he has satisfactiiomi- national ('ollegcs had not only taken no steps to taktf advantage of the .Act, hut one of tln^m hiul even cxpres,sly ileclined to I'ecognize its attilia- tion. Tt is thei'cfoi-e not surprising that the (Jovernment, in the ahsencc of the assistance which might have lu-cii expected from them, slaadd give the Senate the advaiitig*' of the practical (wperience of gentlemen of siu'h acknowledgcil learning as Dr. (,'roft, Dr. Wilson, and Professor ('herriman. Tliere is one point connected with this charge wl'ich J cannot pass over, as it impl'es an im])\itation against th«'S(! genth^meii. It is stated hy Dr. < 'ook, and it was as laoadly a.Hserted l)y Or. llyersoii, in his oral evidence, that the Professors form part of a h<«ly which Hxes thcsir own .salaiies, though, as it iip|tcars in print, the latter gentleman's charge is somewhat niodititMl. I have reason to know that Dr. C'tMik stited this in ignorance of the facts, hut Dr. Hyeison is cert^iinly fully coginwint of them. The salaries of the Professors iire determim'd hy Order hi Council, and not )iy tlu! Senate. It has indeed twice ocourn'd, that His Excellency has referred t(» the Senate for advice on this ]K)int, and that the Senate recommended an increase of salary : hut what share any of the genth'- mcn, whose salaries have in any way conu' hefore the Senate, had in determining their anuauits, may lie judged of from the foUowing facts. When a memorial of Dr. McCauTs to His Kxcellency, jtraying that his emolument** might he raist'd to their former amount, waw referred to the Senat«\ Dr. McCanl not only left the meeting, hut objected that it was a matter with which the Senate had nothing to do. Upon tliis Dr. Ryer- son himself moved and carried a resolution in favour of an increase, not only of Dr. McfJaul's salary, hut al.so of those of tlie other Professoi-s, not oxu' of whom had at that time a seat on the Senate. Upon the s((cond occasicni of a reference from Government, requesting the Senate to defiiH' theii" general recommendation of an increase to the Professoi-s' salaries, tin; only professor ja-esent left the meeting, and Dr. Ryeiw)!! wa.s also present and as.senting to the ja'ogressive increase for length of service, hut without any ri^trospective effect, a.s erroneously stated hy Dr. Rycr- s«)n in his answer to QiU'stion 210.* The siUary of the Vice-Chancellor tliese, 100 were awar'c:! to candidates who were not at the time students in University ( 'oliege. Many of tliem afterwards became students in the College, but many had no con- nexion witli it in any part of their course. * This is a plain statement of the facts as they occurred, whicli it was soiigtit withou *> success to invalidate liy questions 436 to 476, suggesteil by the Rev. Mr. Poole. An'* II Wii.s \\xn\ oil tlu' iiiotiim of Dr, flycrsu;) licforc (he [HffHi'iit lioMcr of tho (tflicc l)rciuiii' rcHi(l«'fit ill Toroiiio ; tlic waiarv of tlic I'lim-ipal of U|»|HT Ciuiadn Collcj^c whs (Icti'miiiicil wiin tJic coiu'iiirf in- of |)r. Ryt^rHon hcfforo th«^ l*rii»;i|Mil liiid a scat on tli<' Sniat*- ; aiitl tlio only otlu^r iiKMiilior of tin.' Ht'iiatt' rt'ccivin;; a Malary from tJic Uiiivci'Hitv <»i l'|»|»('i' Cuiuulii ('olli'f^c Kiinds, t'lijoys tlu' Huino incoinc iw iiia.sU'r in l^ppvr Ciiiiada Collcf^f, wliifli had always Itccn attivclu'il fo his otYu'v for twenty years hefon* he lirst math' his a|i|tearanee on the Senate iih I'resident nf a Scliool of Medieine, wliich was th«Mi the Meih'eal Kaeulty of Vict^iria ('oUej^*'." It is ol)vi(Mis, therefore, tliat in no sini,d»' instance is this iiii|aitHtion horne lait hy the faets. [t is ol>jecte«l liy all the witiu'sses, and in the memorial of the Metho- dist Conferences, that the I'rofeHsors of Univei-sity ('ollej,'e are always ap|Miiuted Kxaminers. 1 a^'ree with the ineiiiorialists that tliese ap|K>int- nieiits aro ohjeetionahle, hnt tlu^re hav«' lieeii pnu'tical ditheiilties in the way, which have hitherto |»reveiited the al)andoiinieiit of the eustom. Kvery | erson ac(|uainted with examinations will a(;kiiowled;j;-e, as is st,i(,ed hy Dr. Cook in his ci'oss-exaniination, that no Kxaminer can he elHcieiit who ha.s not had practical experience in teaching,'. An amateur, liowevei j,'reat his attainments may he, will make a had Kxaminer I hold it essential that a ^'ood Examiner must he a j^ood teacher. Hut ^'ood teacheix are, unfortunately, not numerous in Caniula ; and fram the 1en;(th of tiuK^ over which the examinations extend, the choicu; is necessa- rily almost limited to Toroiu » and its immediate^ vicinity. I'erMons (•ngaged in teaclring cannot spare tin* time from their duties, and to men- tion this year alone, a profensor of Queen's ('olle^'e, and one of Victoria College, have for this reiwoii (h^dined the appointment. Besides this, if it is ohjectionalde that the professors should (examine their own Students in the latei- yeai"H, it is (Hjiially wrong that other temdiers should examim; matricu hints, some of whom have jn-ohably Iteeu their own pupils. We always apjM)int a co-examiner with the jirolessor, and the professor always takes the priiicijial )»artin exaiiuning the matriculants, where h(! certainly is the hest that can ht; selected, and throws a large pai't of the work of the later yeai-s ujxtn his colleague. Still, J fully admit the prescfiit practic«! to be ohjeetionahle ; and several of the professors hav(> expnvssed to mo again, in (juestions 458 and 475, and 505, (! and 7, the whole uircuinstiincses a.s above rehitt-d were broueht out in an examination of Dr. llyerHon hiniaelf, all the documents being placed in liis hands— the minutes of the Senate, the memorial of Dr. McCaul with the reference to the Senate and its answer, the subsequent action of the Goveniment thereon, and the second reference to tlie Senate for furtiier explanation, with its reply. Yet, after all this investigatijt; the Rev. jMr. Poole is represented in the jiublished proceedings of the Kingston Conference (n. !) and 1(1) to have said, "in which aiialvsis there is conclusive evidence, that the resohition on the increase of salaries charged on Dr. llyerson was movet' thp i'iiu-i|)al of H'v (•(' |)r. (I fliii only livrrsity or iii.'i.stcr in [s otlicc t'oi" Sftiiitc iw III Kiuulfcy f iiiMtiiim' lie M«'tllo lie .ilwiiys ^t' Jl|)|M)il|t- tit's in tlif If custotn. IS is st^iLcil ic cllicifnt r, liowfvoi I lioitl it Hut ;^oo(l Irani the is neccssa- I'cixons kI to nu-n- f Viftoi-ia il«\s this, if 1 Students ii aro iM'coniing inor»' nunu-rous ii' tliis r mutiy now, ,iuil I think it may ere long bt! made a ^cniTal nili) that im' |»rr,f(HHor A\n\\ examine oyccpt for matriculation. I may uicntioii, li( Vuiildings, it is provided that the Ptesiih^nt of nuivei-sity (Jollege sliall be ex-officio a iMe:id>er of the (.'omnuttee on the grounds surrounding it, and that tine other Member n\' that body shall be appointed if there be one on tlits Senate ; and as the (loverinuent have nevt'r acted upon the clause in the Statute gi\ mg tlicm that power, by assigning the old Library for the use of either the (College oi- the (Iniversity, whilst to the Senate is entrusted the duty of making additions to it, a similai' clause exists in the Statute respecting the Lilirary Comndttee. (;?.) FiXPENI)lTi:RK Of TUK Un'IVKKSITV. ibove related latiiits lieiiiK Mil with the ent thereon, Yet, after KlingH of the is coiichisive ri was moved Ui/emua had [ton and Dr. the Senate," fet. in pres- ) an lioiding on anil Mr. that he first was at that t of Victoria B ; of which are at pres- ria College. The next h(>ad of complaint which is maile is the alleged extravagance of the cxjH'uditure upon the Uidvei-sity and Ihuvt'i-sity College. Jt is argued that even if the deuondnational Colleges have no t^laim to any .specific a|>|)ropriation, and 1 deny that tlit^y have ,y, they may have at least a contingent iiitei-cst in any sur[)lus which i. .y remain after the Univei-sity and UTUversity College have lau'ii niaintaiiKul in a state of ettieicncy, and which ParlianuMit may devote aiunndly to th(^ supjtort of Aciidemical Education in Uppei- Canada, in any manner which it may judge to be most c«»nducive to the interests of the country, in.steud of its being nee<'.ssai'ily apjilicd, as fornu-rly, to the increase of the permanent fund. Whether there had been any Ruch provision oi* not, I julmit that any extravagance of expenditure which may exist should be (mquired into and checked. It remains therefore to en- (juire, whether the expenditure haw been u{)on a scale tlisprojjor- to tionate x^ the want« of the Provincial Institiitiona, for directing and for practically carrying out tho higher hi-anches of Education. The j>rincipal |)oints insisted on are the Buildings, the Library and MuHeum, the Professorial Statf, Examinations, and Scholarships. These f .-.'ill reply to separately ; but before doing so, I must be allowed to allude to an im]»lied charge against myself. Dr. Ryei-son, in his evidence before the Committee, merely alluded in parsing to the salaried Vice-Chancellor, who audited the ex|)enditure which he hml himself authorised ; but in tlu! ]iriTited document put forth l)y tlu; Conferonce in supix>rt of their memorial, intended /> produce its ett'ect in another sphere, the same |>oint is more frequently insisted upon, and it is stated that some undue influ- ence has been exei-ted to prevent the publication of the Accounts. As Provincial Auditor, it is certainly my (luty to see that the Bursar makes no improjjer use of the public moneys, and produces vouchers for all his expenditure, and his accounts are Jiccordingly examined in my office as all otliei-s are ; but an Auditor, I have no more |X)wer to interfere with the objects of the ex})enditure, than [ have with Dr. Ryerson's distribution of the gi'ants |)laced under his suj>erintendence. As to the publication of the Accounts, the Bursar is required by law to lay them annually liefore Parliament ; and whether they are printed or not rests with tlie Printing Coumiittee, and not with me. Before going into details I nnist also explain a jioint, which the public woild never gather from the eWdence of the gentlemen at whose instance this investigation is made, viz. : that the endowment, consisting of lands in various parts of tlie Province, requires an extensive establishment to majiage it, and is, in fact, a department of the Girt'eniment, o\'er which the Univei-sity axithorities have no control. Whether its arrangements may not be economised, is a question which the Committee may ascei-tain from che evidence of the Bursar ; })nt as far as the University autln)ri- ties are concerned, it is the net revenue only which they have t<» deal with, and this is all which at present is available for acadcTuical educa- tion. The revenue in the preceding evidence is s])ok(m of a.s |G(),()00 or 170,000 ; and by adding to it that of Upi)er CJanada College, it is set down by Dr. Ryerson as $80,000 ; but the highest amount which the net revenue ever reached was $56,000, in 185(), when the nin aft«*r land was at the highest, and the average net revenue since IH;');}, luus only been $48,000.* It will be for the Conmiittee to decide, wlu'tlicr this amount is so nnich more than a Provincial IJnivemty can re((ui)'c, .-is it has been argued, and whether it is sufficient to be divided amongst the numerous claimants, without destroying the; object for which it was set apart. w * How much of this amount would be left for the University, if even the present deniaud: of the denominational claimantR were satisfied, may be judgc allude to ence before (Jhaiicellor, ?d ; but in H>rt or their •same |x)int indue inliu- ountH. Ah irsar makes for all his office as all re with the listribution blication of iMJly before le Printing the jtublic we instance 1^ of lands ishnient to •ver which 'aiijjeinents y ascertain ty authori- ve to deal ical educa- 0(1, 0(10 or fe, it is set which th(^ after land , has only letlier this iiii-e, ;i.s it longst the it was set eiit dctuaudi ience. Mr. : it doubtful If (JJueen's, r lairaants, "t.ity Collepc 'ate Colleges Dr. Cook )larsliips, ol oiiiiniitional !ollege. Ti. se that tli« 1 1(1 /jmldinffs, It is objectcil generally to the expenditure on the buildings, that the Act which contemplatet* only iulditions to the present buildings, does not authorise new ones on a new site. Unfortunately, in the same session, when the Univei-sity Amendment Act was paasod, another Act* gave the Government authority to tak(! iKtssesHit.n of the property for Provincial puri>oses, and ^.Iie University and College were ejected, and tempoi-ai'ily accommodated in the Parliament Buildings. When, in ISCnt, the Heat of Govenunent retin-ntnl to Toronto, the College was again moved, and tem- jKjrary additions were made to the old Medical School, which rendered it available for a time ; but this had become ^Hirfectly imulequate to the accommodation of the College before the Jiew buildings were ready ; and the frame juklitions were so t«unporary in their construction, that the Bui-sar has repoi-ted to me, now that it has returned into his possession, that it would be more economical to pull them down and sell the material, than to put them in effectual rejmir. The stone building, originally intended for the C'oUege, is still in the occupation of Govenunent for another ]»ublic object. If then the Act is to be uaterpreted in the literal sense given to it by Dr. Cook and othera, there were no buildings to which to make the additions. This, however, is not tiie view to taJte of the (juestion. The Act luul established a central University luid a Col- lege, endowed from the public funds, with n staff of efficient professoi-s. It was necessary to provide a building for theii* occujMition, and especially to provide the means of accommodating resident students, without which one of the great iidvantages of a Univeraity education would have been lost. Such an institution wjis not intended to be of an ephemeral diame- ter, to be movtid about as convenience dictated, from one public building to another ; and lus the endowment fortunately supplied the means, it has been provided with a durable home, worthy of the {)osition it holds in the countiy, and i>f a still higher destiny wliich the rapidly increasing nunrber of its students shows that it is destined to achieve. The Govern- ment of the day, therefore, wisely> as I thuik, exercised the undoubted power given by the Act, anil authorised th«i Senate Ut exjiend £75,000 out of the Permanent Fund for t'lis pui-jwse. , , : . ■ Librar'/ and Museum. The Gt)vernnu'nt also authorized the expenditure, fi'om the same source, of j£20,000 upon a library and Miuseum. It is objected that such an expenditure is foz-eign to the piu-iK>ses for which tlie Uuivereity was established ; but I can hardly tlrink that the Committee and the Legislature will entertain that view. There is not a Univei'sity or Col- lege in the world of any stixnding, which has not already acqiiired, or is not accumulating, a Library and Museum, as fjssential to the prosecution of the higher studies. Dr. Cook [mrtially, it would seem, admits of a Library, but he would have it to belong tt» the College and not to the Univei'sity, and wouhl give out of the endowment a similar sum to all other Colleges for their Librai-ies. Now, it must be remembered, that * This Act ia 16 Vic, cap. 101. to which Dr. Byeraon (p. 34 0. P.) ridiculonaly says that Mr. Langtou refers, as authorising the erection ot Uiiiversity Buildings. 12 although the Uiiiveraity and the (college are distinct in their functions, the College, or teaching l«>dy, tonus an essential part of the University scheme, as established by the Act, and whether the Library be supposed to belong to the one body or to the other, is immaterial, provided it be established. As the Univei-sity, however, represents the whole country, as the heads of all educational institutions, and the repiesentatives of all denominations find a place in it, I think it better that the management and control should be vesteti in the Senate than in the College. But to expend the money in fonning five or six collections is utterly to ignore the gi'eat use of a public Library. The ordinary text books used in education, the classical authore in various languages, the books of refer- ence in common use, are not so inimerous lus to be beyond the reach of any College, or even of many private individuals ; but there is another class or books which you will not find thei'e, consisting piincipally of books of reference of a more special cliaracter, not so oftcii u.sed it is true, but as essential when occasions for considting them occui* ; and those numerous periodical pul)lications issued by learned and scientific bodies in various parts of the world, in which almost all new views and discov- eries fii-st make tlieir ap]>earance, and without access to which a scholar or a man of science in this country would have to remain contented with his ignorance, till, yoai-s after all Euro])e had been turning their attention to something new, he gathered the infoimation fioni some digest pub- lished in a more popular and accessible form. Such publications, often of a veiy costly kind from t'leir limited circulation, can t)nly be found in a public Library ; and, until Canada possesses such a coUtxition, she must be content to I'emain in a position of inferifti'ity, ill adopted to her gi'ow- ing wealth and intelligence. Such a collection the Senate has been autho- rised to fonn and is now acquiring, 'v.vA it has j»rc»vided for giving the public the freest access to it* ' Prnfeiissors in Umversity College. It is arg\u?d also that the professorial staff in Univei-sity College is l)eyond the wants of tlu; country, and tlu' charge excessive. As to the rate of remuneration I may fortunately a])i)eal to the appellants them- selves. Dr. Cook admits that tlie salary of a Professor should beat least £500 a-yc^ar, juid that he woxild i-ather see it .£(!0!), and none of the other gentlemen have appeared to dispute his views. It is true that in a later portion of his evidence, when driven to the necessity of keeping his proposed expenses within a sum to which he would limit the expenditure of the Univei-sity and College, hv has been compelled to confine himself to * The expenditure upon tlie Library ami Museum by the University of Toronto was specially excepted to by the petitioners, though both Dr. (Jook and Mr. Nelles, when asked what the^f would do with an additional Kr^i"*. naturally enough specify thiH as an important acquisition for their own Colleges ; and though Dr. llyerson, in the celebrated letter to Mr. Ilincks, would make it imperative on hi.s proposeil University to expend at least £1000 ayear lor this object. Now, however, he appears to look upon the question from a less exalted point of view, for he says, in his reply, (p. 35, C. P.,) "the law no more authorises the purchase of a Provincial Library and a Provincial Museum out of a fund designed foi College education, than out ot the funds designed for Grammar and Common School education." Does the Superintendent intenl b if this t)9ntence modestly to confess, that, when the law authorised the expen('iture of f 200 a-year out of the Com- mon School Fund for a Museum, it was not quite legal to expend thousands upon a Mu- seum and Gallery of Pictures at the Normal School f s ' ■(4 « functioiiH, University e supposed vided it be le country, tives of all anagement But to Y to ignore 8 used in HH of refer- e reach of is another ncipally of I it is true, and those titic bodies lud discov- li a scholar ented with 1' attention igest pub- ions, often •e found in she must her grow- )een autho- giving the College is As to the mts them- ould be at lone of the e that in a :eeping his tpenditure himself tt> Toronto was folles, when fy tliiH as an le celebrated to expend at the question " the law no eum out of a rammar and ice modestly of the Com- upon a Mu- 13 the lower amount ; but t would rather accept his opinion on the abstritct question, than when modified to suit a predetermined result. Now the amounts approved of by Dr. (Jook are veiy nearly those at which the salaries of the Professors in IJnivei-sity College are fixed by the present Order in Council, viz. : £!)()(), rising with length of service to .£050. It is therefore only against the number of Professors that tlujre can be any cause of complaint, and Dr. (Jook's projMwition is to reduce them by striking off five, viz. : History and English Literature, Mcxlern Lan- guages, Agriculture, Meteorology and Oriental Languages, and by com- bining the present three Profes-soi-ships iu the Natural Hciences into two.* To a cei-tain extent I agree with Dr. Cook, but on other }H)int8 I differ from him entirely. 1 do not believe that the Professorshijis of Agricul- ture, which have b(;en established either here or in any other University, "have an.swered the expectations of those who founded them; and 1 do not think that it is in the nature of the subject that they should. Me- teorology is also too limited a subject to fomi an exclusive chaii", and all 'that is necessary of it might well be; taught by the Professoi-s of allied 'Sciences. The history of the foundation of the chair may not be known to the Committee. The British Government having established, and for years maintained, the Meteorological Ob.servatoiy, determined to abandon it. The Provincial Government, feeling that we had just cause to be proud of the results obtiiined there, gave an amxual grant for its mainte- nance, and ]>roposeJ to connect it with the University. When the pro- position was submitted to tht^ Senate, Dr. McCaul, the Vice-Chancelloi-, moved, secoiKled by Dr. Ryeraon — " That the Senate will gladly co- Operatti with th(! Government in carrying out the plan for the organiza- tion of the Obsei'vatory, which has been approved by his Excellency the Governor-General, and will accordingly pa.ss the necessary Statute for the establishment of Graduate Scholarships, — and thus, as proposed in the above-niention(>d communication, contribute towards the expense of" the establishment the amount (»f the stipends of the scholars, in addition to one-third of the salary of the Director of the Obsei'vatory and Profes- sor of Metet)rology, tfcc, di;c." The idea of the Scholai'ships wa.s dropped on further consideration, but the Professoi"ship remains, and the subject luus been introduced into the University coirr-se, but only as an optional one, not because it wa.s considered an essential par*t of academical study, but because there was a Chair in the College, juid it was thought somt^ * It 18 somewhat singular tliat, when Dr. Cook is proposing;; a scheme for University (College, he should say. (Q. 26,) " There should be a Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy united" but when asketl for his disposition of any money he could obtain from the University Fund, for Queen's, (Q. 279), he shoulJ claim "a ProfesBor of Matlie- maucs «»'/ nnof/ic7' of Naiwral Piiilostopliy." So also he would class together, under one chair, at Toronto, Natural ilisturv and Chemistry, which have no connexion, but at Kingston he would separate (ireck fnnu Latin. He proposes, in short, to reduce the Professors in University College from ten to five, and to increase those at Queen's from five to seven. Dr. Hyerson also, in the Ilincks' letter, besides four Professors in the College, proposes to constitute University Professors in " Ancient and Mois in the Natm-al Sciences might be made to take the place of three, although I would adopt a diflerent arrangement, viz., Geology and Natural HLstory which luv intimately allied, and Chemistry and Mineralogy, which latter ciui oidy be studied effectively in connexion with the former. But it is only rarely that you can obtain a man equally and thoi-oughly vei-sed in those separate branches, and in almost all Univeraities sejtarate chairs exist, and the subjects are even more subdivided than with us. Again, a chai)- of Mc^deru Langiuiges, in the sense of teaching the languages themselves, and not the ]>riuciples of comjwu'ative i)hilology, appiiars to me \ery inatlvisable. It could only be efficiently filled under V(ny pemiliav circumstiUices. But wlum Dr. Cook luul other v/itnesses condemn the stu(fi/ of Modern Languagtss in a University, I differ fi*om them tvto cvelo. 1 believe that there should be no suigle Professorship, but Lectureslu[)s in esich separate language, or two or more combined in one lectureship, according to the individuals that can be procured to teach. French, in a country circumstiuiced like Ciuiada, may well be considered essential, and now that Latin has ceased to be the common language of educated men, and three quai-tei-s of the leai'uing mid science «if the world is published in French or German, no man should pass thi'ough a Xlnivei-sity wlu> luis not acquired at hsast one of them. History and English Literature I also consider essential, juid I cannot conceive that there is any tlung in the study of these two subjects, wliich makes them less adapted to be taught by lectures, an argued by Dr. liyerson, than in that of any other subject of education, I cannot indeed iuiagine that Dr. Ryei-son himself perceives any such difference, for when the question is put tf» him (No. 13) he diverges into a disquisition upon (Jernum Univei-sities, and admits that his remark applies to Lectures "in the German Sense" .'us ilistiuguished from the usual meaning of the word. In the " Univei-sity Sense," it seems, h(! does not think History a subj('ct which caimot be tsiught by Lectures. Dr. Ryei-Bon has tvi- umphantly quoted the report of the Queen's Univei-sity Commissioners, which recommends the abolition of tlu! Chair of Agriculture, but he ought to have atkled that they do not recommend the abolition of those of M(tdern Languages and of English Tiiteratme and History, nor the compression of the three Chiiii-s of the Natural Sciences into two.t As * The only part of the expense of maintaining the Observatory, borne by the Univer- sity, is one-third of tlie Director's salary ; yet its staff is included amongst the forty-five "regular salaried officers" enumerated in that curious piece of statistics, in which Mr. Poole, and Dr. Kyerson on his authority, try to swell the real numbers, by indading almost every body twice, and some three times under ditferent titles. t Mr. Langton might have met Dr. Ryerson's quotation from the Irish Commissioners by a reference to the report of the New Brunswick Commissioners, of whom Dr. Byersou v^ 15 those who of meteor- 8 a mistake rovernmeut I witL the ege, might 1 Dr. Cook m of a Col- t. It more funds were uide to take 3meut, viz., Chemistry 1 comiexioii nan equally almost all even more caching the ; philology, filled under r v/itnesses differ fixjiu ofessorship, iombined in i)rocured to lay well be he common mid science hould pasN [3ni. id I cannot ects, which led by Dr. iinot indeed for when Lsition upon A) Lectures ning of the nk History on has ♦vi- imissioners, ii'e, but he on of those )ry, nor the two.+ As lythe Univer- the forty-five in which Mr. by including joramissionera I Dr. Byersou to the importance of those Huh)ecl.s, 1 shall have occasion to return to them when I come to the snltject of options. I would only now remark that the witnesses who have hern heard in favour of the Jjiitin and Greek, and Mathenuitics, being the proper StuiUes of a Univt^rsity, sind most of the rest mere works of supererogation, rtm counter to the daily growing opinion of all the best autliorities ujKtn Univeraity ?](lucation in Europe, as I shall show from the ptiblished opinions of the Commission- el's on the English Universities. In thus stating my concurrence with some points of Div Cook's scheme, I wish t«) be understf)0(l as «!Xpiaining what would be my recommenda- tion, if called ujwn to organize a new college in cii-cumstauces similar U> those of Univei"sity College, and what should be kept in view for futur<^ arrangements, as oppoitunity ottei-s T3ut I by no means wish to say thai existing professors, who have acce])ted their offices (m the faith of the Government, should be dismiss(!d, and T feel convinced that neither would the Committee recommend, nor the Legislature sanction such injustice. It must also be borne in mind that the University, which is charged with extravagance, is in no way responsible for this organization, which whs adopted before it had any existence. The Professoi* of Agriculture and the Lecturer on Oriental languages are amongst the oldest of those connected with the teaching staff, and all the other chaii-s which Dr. Cook would abolish, with the excei)tion of that of Metf3rology, formed the establishment which tin; Act provided should f»e supported out of the endowment. The University is not even responsible for by fai* the greater part of the increase which has been made to the rate of salai'ies, though I for one do not think it excessive. In the j.rintod document put forth liy the Conference in support of th(^ir memoriiil, the salaries of the Professors at the passing of the Univei-sity Act are sc^t down at .£4-197, including Librarian and servants. This does not give quite a con'ect view of the case, as the salaries of the four newly apj«)inted Profes-soi-s only a|)pear for seven months in the accounts of that year ; but Dr. Ryei-son, desirous of shewing a still larger increase, goes back io 1850, before the addition of the staff which the act of 1853 provides for. He stiites that "it cannot be claimed that the Faculty of Arts is more «fessors were put upon the same f(M>ting ius those of the old oik^s, jnaking the anuamt £4430, and this was done, i)e it observed, before tln^ Senate wa.s constituted, and by the same Ministry who are representt^d to have made, six months before, such generous provisir i for the Denominational (Colleges, which we, it is said, have rendered of noiu* effect. The present salaries,* mduding the Cla.ssieal was one. It appears that not only did lie recomnieiul to M r. Hiucks, in 18.52, Motlern Litora- ture, History anil Agriculture, as proper subject.i for lectures in i Canadian University, but us late as 1854, he inchuleil, in the scheme designed for New Brunswick, all those subjects. * The next aildition to the cost was tlie Order in Oouficil of 1855, which added a per ceatage to all Government Salaries in the Province. The lust addition, the only one rccoiu- mended by the Senate^ has only amounted to |800. 16 Tutf>r hikI Professor of Meteorology, since added, are £6070, being an increase of 44 jwr cent, iijjon those of IHiH, and o4 per cent, upon those of 1853. This is not more than the increase ma«'e in almost all salaries during the same jjeriod. In a somewhat allied branch of the Public Service, for instance, the salaries of the educational staffs, east and west, were j£900 in 1853, and the sanu? otticei-s now receive .£1775 and i'1800, resi)ectively, being an increase of 100 \wv cent., without reckoning the increased number of i\w staft". Sfilanes in the Universitji. Besides the .salaries of the Professors in the ('olleg(!, there are three connected with the Univei-sity, the Vice-Chancellor's, the Librarian's, and the Registrar's, which Dr. Cook would abolish, oi- materially reduce. He admits that, if the Librarian gives his whoh; time, he must have a sufficient salary ; but it is suggested that som«> one of the stu«U'nts might be employed, and that he might also perform the duties of Registrar, whilst the sidary of the Vice-Chancellor he would abolish altogether, it is true that, if the Library w((re made a mere college liltrary, it might be locked tip, iVA I have known \/o be the practice in small colleges, and a Librarian might be in attendance for half an hour a day t<» give on I books, and a ja'omising student might well have some small allowance for attending to this duty. But if it is to be opt'U to the public, which I submit to be a much moie }>roper api>lication of |)\iblic funds, it is ehwir that a competent pei-son must be employtid at a fair salary. Tt» apiM)int a student would be to injure him foi" life, as interfering with his studies. The Registmr is an etpially necessary officer, and he is not overpaid for the woi'k that falls u]M)n him. Gentlemen, who art; not actjuainted with the practical details, can Ciisily get rid of tlu* office, oi- throw its duties upon another officer, whom, be it remembered, they have already Univei-sity hire ; but it othce, and I )our of love : le gratuitous a salary wa.s 17 •' ^ ■ Hxamtnern. ,■■'■-■ The next heiul of expendituie siKJcially refeiTed to, is the allowance t(j Examiners — officei-s who, it is thought, may also be obtained gratuitously. I have already alluded tc the difficulty of obtaining proper persons on any terms, but, unless for an adequate remuneration, it would be impos- sible. Let us look into the question of cost, which waa in 18/57, $2160, reduced in 1858, to $2000, and in 1859, to $1760, and let us compare it with the cost in similar bodies elsewhere. I find in the estimates of 1857, [1857 — XXXIV] the sum set down for Examiners in the Queen's University, Ireland, .£1510, stg., or $7348, and it is stated in a note that, in the previous year, 44 persons were examined. In the Report of the same University for 1860, the cost of Examiners is estimated at j£1450, stg., or $7056, and the number of students examined during the previous year is given as 78. Taking the latter year a» the most favoura- ble, our examinei-s, in 1859, examined more than twice the number at just one-fourtli of the cost. Again in the same estimates, I find the Examiners in the University of London set down for .£2560, stg., or $12,458. I find also in its Calendar of 1859, that in the year 1857, 151 students matriculated, and 109 degrees were conferred, and allowing a number equal to the matriculants for those who came up to the interme- diate examination, which is not given, these Examiners must have examined 410 persons, at the rate, in the aggregate, of about $30 per head, whilst ours were paid at the rate of less than $10 per head. It may be proper to state in regard to this comparison, that a considerable jMirt of the expeases of the University of London is paid by fees, and reducing the estimate for the Examiners, which is about half of the whole cost, by the same proportion of the fees, the cost to the country is with them only about $22 per head, whilst if our matricalation fees are deducted, the similar charge is reduced to about $8.50 per head. Per- haps, in consequence of my habits as Auditor, I may be excused for entering into these financial details, although I admit that cost is not always the test of efficiency. But when the question is raised, whether the Examiners are overpaid, the true test of their work is the number of students they have to examine, and I cannot think that either our learn- ing or our wealth is so inferior in Canada, that $10 is too high a remu- neration here, for services which in London and Dublin are jmid at the rate of $30 and $90 respectively. , Scholarships. The remaining item of expenditure specially referred to as extrava- gant, is the allowance for scholai-ships, and here I admit, that, if the allegations of the Petitioners were true, a strong case would have been made out against the University. But they are not true. I do not, for a. moment suppose, that Dr. Green would state any thing to the Commit- tee, which he did not believe to be correct ; but having undertaken to give evidence upon a subject, with which he had made himself but slightly acquainted, he has fallen into an en or. I do not know how he has obtained the proportion which he has stated, between the scholar- ships and students, 34 amongst 37, but I suspect it has been by a pro- cess, which he himself must have perceived to be a dangerous one, viz. : ^ 18 l»y tiikiiig thii iiuinber of scholarrthips from the ivtiirns of tlui Uiiivt'isity, ami that of the students from the retuniH of the CoUej^e.* An exami- nation of the same official dooumentH wonld have shewn him that in IS5(), the year refeiTed to, 76 stndents were examined, and .'15 scholar- shi|>s awardwl, or, excluding those who were not entitled to compete f(»r scholai-shiiw, 3.5 were awarded amongst 61. This is undoubtedly a high |)ro|M>rtion. Wlien the Univei'sity wits fii-st establisheil up>n its present ittisis, the Senatt^, acting u|)ou the authority given tliAm by the Act, established 90 soholarshii>H.t The numl)er may cei-tainly have been dis- proi>oi"tioned to the students continuing on from the old University, lint not to what they might be expecttul to become, or to what they would have been, had the denominational Colleges thought fit to send their students to compete. Believing the number, however, to l)e too great under existing circumstances, one of my tii-st meiwures, after I became V ice-Chancellor, in \65G, was to reduce the number ottered for competi- tion fronj 90 to 61, and I would have matle a still greater reduction, with the view of making subsequent additions, iis they might be required, hatl not the general feeling of the Senate been against it I am happy, how- ever, to be able to state, that if 61 was too large in 1856, it will not be found to b(* so in 1860, the number of students having grown uj) to the provisii>n made for them in this respect, as was, uo doubt, contem[»lat«!d when the scholarshijw were originally founded. But lus this enquiry is not taking place in 1856, when the new organization hiul just been com- pleted, but after it has been in operation for five yeai-s, (a small [teriod, it must be allowed, for the growth of a Univei'sity,) it will be neces.sary t<» show how the Scholarships have been distributed in the succeeding years. The following table will show the number awarded in tuich succeeding year, and the number of students (entitled U} com})ete for them, with the proijortion between the two, and the amount |»er student which the Schoiai-ships have coat, with a view to comjmiison with other analo- gous institution.s. No. of No. of Proportion of ScliolarshipH Stndents Scholarships awarded. com])etiDj<. to conipetitons. 18.55 33 ... 64 ... 1 to 1.94 1856 .35 ... 61 ... I to 1.75 1857 48 ... 123 ... 1 U^ 2.56 1858 51 ... 143 ... I to 2.80 18.59 45 ... 196 ... 1 t<. 4.35 Cost in the year. $.3,200 4,633 4,973 6,140 6,013 Cost per Student. $.50 76 40* 43 30 N. B. — As the financial year and the scholastic year do not correspond, the proportions of Scholarships to Students, and of cost jKn* Student, do not exactly agree. * In answer to Question 501, Mr. Poole shews, that Dr. (ireen did in fact obtain his figures in tho way indicated, including amongst the stndents only those of Hniversity College, but amongst the scholarships those in Law and Medicine and others awanled to students who had no connexion with the College. t In the proceedings at the Conference at Kingston, the Rev. Mr, Poole states (p, 10 C. P.) that the Olobe, Mr. Langton, and Dr. Wilson charge(!te f(»r lly a high ts prt'SMit thi! Act, boeii diH- iiivj'i-Hity, trhat they it t<) H(!iul t(K> groat I hecanic r coiuiieti- tioii, with iiirtKl, had ppy, hnw- ill not )h> up to th«' template fd enquiry is hetiii coni- jieriod, it ^cessary ti» ing yt-aiu ucceediug lieni, with ent which ;her analo- Oost per Student. ■•■•■ ^m * 76 40' 30 orrespond, tudont, do ct obtain his f University 1 awarded to states (p. 10 h originating Wr. Langton Q. 476,) that \9 I will now coinparH this statement with what is done in other Universities.* With the Univei-sity of Ijondon it is not easy to make a comparison, hh its arrangjinients ditt'er from ours in two es,«ential particu- * In his reply, (pp. 30 an:l 37.) Dr. Ryenion has several paragraphs headed " Mr. Langton's roiHtateinentH," "Mr. Lanuton's misrepresentations," Ac, endeavouring to show that there is no aiialogv between tne Toronto ooholarships and those of other Univer- versities. In each case, however, Mr. Langton, has distinctly shewed wherein tiie differences oonsiHted. The^ are principally threefold : (1.) In all the older English Universities, the scholarships are held fur a certain term of years ; in the Queen's Colleges alone, they are competed for annually as at Toronto, —a system which has this advantage, that it requires the students to keep up their acquire- ments, and does not permit thera, as is too frequently the ease in Bnglan(l, to relax their exertions upon obtaining the priie. This difference, kowever, has been taken advantage of to magnifv the apparent number of Scholarships established by the University of Toronto, as the eignt Scholarships annually offered for ITndergnduates in Arts, count as thirty two separate Scholarships, whereas on the other »j!*«m, at the same cost, they would only count as eight. Thus also, a student who annr My succeeded in obtaining a soholarsliip throughout his course, is said at Toronto to har '.shm five Scholarships ; but in England he would only have been said to have gained one. -..iiich he would have held for five years. (2.) In the British Universities, the Scholarships are principally attached to a College, and not to the University. Here, also, the advantage is in favour of the system mlopted by the University of Toronto, as on the former plan, the competitors are limited to a comparatively small circle, whereas, on the latter, the Scholarships are open to all attend - in what essential particular these differ from University Scholarships. (3.) In the British Universities, many Scholarships are limited to "founder's kin," lu certain schools or to certain counties, as was proposed in the original draft of the Statute for the University of Toronto. Of late years, however, the Universities and Royal Com- missioners have endeavoured to abolish this exclusive arrangement, and to throw them all open unreservedly. Dr. Ryerson, however, has imagined a further distinction, viz., that the British Scholar- ships are not founded by the State, but by individual benefactors. Now, the UniverNity endowment here was created by Ueorge III., as that of Dublin was by Queen Elizabeth, and those of the two principal Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge by Henry VIII., whilst the Queen's Colleges, Ireland, and the Universitv of London, were endoweil by Queen Victoria. Many of the minor Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, also owe their funds to royal, or quasi-roval benefactors; and if these endowments have been also largely increased by individual beneficence, it only effects the question to this extent, that the original foundations have hitherto tied the hands of the University authorities, and have rendered it necessary for the Stato, which did not originally provide the funds, to interfere for their beneficial application. The question is not an antiquarian one of the origin of each Scholarship ; but tne Legislature havin|[ endowed a Univenity in Canada, with all the necessary aids to its successful operation, which in England were partly provided by privato benefactors, the simple question arises — are these aids extravagant, as compared with those afforded to the students in the English Universities ] and the com- parison shows that they are not. It shows, moreover, that the Oxford Commissionens recommend that the old foundations, privato and royal, shall be so far diverted from their original purpose, as to increase the appropriation for Scholarships far beyond what h provided at Toronto, at the same time rendering them open to all, so as to make them closely analogous to University Scholarships^ which are tJie only ones the foundation of which is authorised by the charter of the University of Toronto. Dr. Ryerson further objects to the fairness of Mr. Lan^^n's quotations from the Oxford Commissioners, inasmuch a.s the section from which his extracts are made is headed, " Application of College revenues to stimulate and reward those teho have not yet entered tlie UniversUy," inferring that these scholarships are therefore semething quite different from those gaineo8se88ion of it. With this explanation, it apitears that in the University of London, forty Scholarehips are held by about 400 students, or by about one in ten, and at a cost of about $20 j)er student, — a much less proportion than with us, but by no means at so much less a cost. " " "'*'.' ' • > A case nmch more nearly resembling our own is t«) be found in the Queen's Uiuvei*sity, Ireland. The circumstances of the two countries are not very dissimilar. The comparative poverty of the country, the general absence of good endowed school^ which form such a remarkable feature in the educational position of England, and the great denominational differences which exist there, ai-e all strong points of resembhuice, and dictated the same policy, of not only esttiblishing a c«!ntr»l University, but of endowing here one and there three Collegijs, entirely free from denominational infltieuces. The recent origin, idso, of lioth Univei-sities, is favourable to a fair comparison. The only diflference so far as relates to the subject immediately before us is, that here the Scholai-shiijs aic founded by the University, and may be held by the students of any College, or even by a jjerson attending none, whilst there, each endowed College has its own set of Scholarshi})s. I think there can be little doubt that in this respect ours is the better and more liberal system. In each of the three Colleges, there are endowed by the St»vte, ton senior Scholarships of £40, and forty-five junior ones, ranging in value from £Vt to jB24. They are anmial, and, as with us, are not all neces.sarily awarded. I have not found perfect annual returns from these Colleges, and from Galway none which give the Scholarships in a reliable shape ; but I subjoin a statement for the last two years I can find for the Colleges at Cork and Belfast, in a similar form to that which I have given for the University of Toronto : , .', , , - ,,, Betiolarships No. of Com- ' ' Coat per awurded. petiton. Proportion. CoHt. Student. Cork, 1856 44 ... 144 ... 1 to 3.27 $b,944 $48 1859 47 ... 125 ... 1 to 2.66 6,792 54 Belfast, 1857 51 ... 153 ... 1 to S.OOCortnotRlTen.bututheeii- *OOy *o •• ioy ... 1 to <}.9diMiiiaT«r7siBiUrproporti«ii. ;-r n I find aim a return from all the three CollegeH, giving the number of their Httidents holding Scholurshiiw und ExhibitionH, for evvry year, from 1850, including apparently the ExhibltioiiH given V>y the Univt^-Mity. I Hubjoin the siibstance of it at three jwriods, to show the increiwe of wtu- ident«, and the deci'eiwe of coHt \nM' haul, na compared with us : Three Colleges, 1850 132 ... 220 ... 1 to l.<;(i $71 1855 156 ... 307 ... 1 to l.DfJ 57 1859 153 ... 385 ... 1 to 2.51 50 Cost per Student. $48 54 ThuH it will b»! mmn that even at the commencement, the compu ison was a little in oiir favour, and that we in five yeai-u have reduced the projKjrtion to one in 4J, and the average cost to $30, whilst they in ten years have only reduced them to one in 2| and $50. It may be useful to institute a similar comiMrison with the older XTniversities, though the data are not so accessible, and the cireumstances tre more various. At Trinity, Dublin, it will be seen from the calendar Af 1857, that there are 70 Scholainhips on the foundation, 107 Scholai"sliip,s ind exhibitions not on t!;e foundation, and 30 Sizarships. As in tlu; ,ftther (dder Universities they ai'e not competed for annually, but the l^umber of Scholarships, Exhibitions and Siau"shi|»s held are 207 amongst iibout 850 students in 1857, but the nund)er more g«>n(!rally exceeds )1,000, or about 1 to 5, — nearly the same proj)»)rtioii as with us last year ; l^hilst the annual value, which varies somewliat, may be set down as j|7>^00 sterling, or, on the average, IW per student, a not very (li.ssimilur ^foportion. From the reixui, of the Royal Connnissioneiw, who themselves could it always obtiiin reliable information, it apiR'ai-s that at C/'ambridge, icluding the (^•dleges and the Univei'sity, tliere are about 045 Scholar- ips, or 1 to about 2 students. The cost is not accessible except for mmanuel College, which, liaving no fixed Scholarshi[)s, divides annually JCIOOO sterling, amongst about 80 imder-graduates, or about at the rate of" $60 iHjr stiulent. Tliis statement, however, its well iis that for Trinity, 'jpubliii, cannot b«^ exactly compares, and besides this, iiccording to the Cambridge Calendar, libout 100 Exhibitions, one of which is worth £100 a-year, and four are f' TOrth £70 ; and it Ls to its wealth in this respect that it mainly owes he distinction of protlucing even more high honor men, many of whom Jire from the humbler cla.sses, than its gi-eat rival Trinity. ' ' At Oxford the information is more precise in some resjHicts, and more pable of comparison with ourselves, as the number of nnder-yraduates lolding Scholai'shijis is given, :ts well as the total cost. In the statistical .ble appended to Mr. Hey^vood's edition of the recommendations of the xforfl Commissioners, the number of imder-gi-aduates " on the founda- lion," which will include most Scholara, but not Exhibitionists, is given )i|8 233, and the whole number of undergraduates as 1222, or one in 5|, iWid the value of their stii)end» is given as £8,700 sterling, or at the ■% If Hv«>rag<> iiiN'of|.'}l iMT HiiidtMii. Thi« it willlw |M'rc»Mvpd In juHt the HviTiig*' rate in tln) Univoi-Hity of Toronto in tin- yntr IH,51>, l»ut the Royal ('oniniiNHionei'ri (lu not. think tiven thin (tnoii^li. Tln'ir thirty Ht'Hi rcftuiinicntlation JH : "That any HurpluH roniainin);, nfU'r making dn*' |M'ovi.si(in for the FwIIowh, Hhouhl t>o appliiHl to incrciiHo tht; niiniht'r and valii<> of SchohirHhi|»H, and that no HchidarHhip Hhoidd bo of Ichm anionnt tlian , £.■)() a-year." In a l)udy of thvir reiK)rt, (p. !)4, «/ «<•n thw «ul»j»'ct at larj^t' ; they »ay : " We are df opinion that it ih a nmtter of the higheHt iniiMtrtanue, that SehohlrHhi|)^ sh«>uld Iki augnienti>d wheiu they are of inconHidera))ht vahie, and that (hey HhoiiUI also he greatly increaned in nuniher." "To the tsfficiency dl the CVtHeges, o|ten Hcholanthiitt*, to Hiipjily g«HKl leartu-rM, i\n> as essential its o|H>n Fellowshi|»H [in Canada, we nuiy Hulmtitnt*' «* libeml nnlarifs,\ are U) supply gcMid teachers. S«»nie judgment «if the iiiHuenee of o|h'ii Scholarships on the utility and honor of a College, may he formed from the amount of University distinctions obtained by the several (!olh'ges. It will be found, that they more nearly correH|M)nd to the nMnd)er of the open Scholarshi|)S offered to undergriubniU'S, than to th(i other merits ami advant»iges of the resjiective societies." Then follow tlu; changes they recommend in the several endowments, and they add : " Wy these simpit changes we calculate that nearly /iOO Schoh)rships of the value of il.Vi a-year or more, besides rooms, might be providecl, of which at least lOn woulrl become vacant annually." Sup|M)sing that these Scholai'ship.s were so arranged, an with us, that the fortunate candidate's had t«» con tentl amnially for the retention of them, instead of liohling them fer student, »wt compared with our^ last ytiar, 1 to 4J, at an avsrage cost of $30 j)er student, which Dr. Cook would further reduce to a sum which, even if our students never in creasetl beyond the present number, would only be $10 jx^r stud<'nt. T must ajwlogise for the length at which I have treattnl this sidyect, but it is one of vital im{)ortance, and even more so, jterhaps, in thi^ (Country than in England. The University Act authorised the Senate td endow Scholarshiiw for the jiid and encoui-agement of students, and that it Wits no niggardly endowment that was originally contemjilated is shown by the intention ex*»re8setl in the Bill to endow two for each county in Up|)or Canada. This clause was withdniwn, princiiuilly at my own instigation, not because it wa« excessive in amount, but because it wa.'- falling back ujK)n the old idea, which was being abandoned in England, of close Scholarshi|)s. The Senate, therefore, crcJited these ojwn Sch(» lai-shiijs, more truly open than those recommendtHl by the Oxford Com missioners, inasmuch as, though obtaiimble by any one, theii-s can only be held in a jmrticular college, whilst oura, — be it said once for all, in spite of the re])eated assertions of different witnesses, that they ai-i intended t(» lure students away from the minor colleges — are iinconnected with any college. A student of Queen's or Victoria may hold one, if hr can obtain it, and may continue to pursue his studies there ; or a youn^' man who can come up to the standard may hold one, whether he belon;,' to any college or not, and many are so held. All that we require is that he shall compete with the whole Province before us, and that he shall Co ■if i.S jUHt till' [), 'l.ut thf thirty Ht'fli iiikiiiK (III*' iiinl)«*r iiiiil •HM HIIUHIilt lloyw»MM|\ ' W«' (ire of U'lioliii'Mliiiis ', and tliiil nfficit'iicy ol JIM I'HHrlltiill il xnlfirifn,\ 'IWV <»t' OjM'll oruHMl tVniii •111 (!«)ll('K«'s. Illl«^r of tllf • im-rits hikI Imiigrs tlicv th*-S«! Nilll|lli' •aluo of .€.")'» lit Itust Km l^el^()lal•^^hi|l^ hatl to con hem for fivr •on»iK'ttHl for i as I to -2}. (I with oiu'^ ch Dr. Cook ts n«'ver in itiuh'nt. this Huhjcct, laps, in this he Homitt! to itK, luul thiit ited is shown !h county in at my own cause it wii.- in England, e open Scho Oxford Com ni-s can only 30 for all, in lat they air unconnected [)ld one, if he ; or a youn;i ler he belonj.' equire is that that he shall brcKieed t<» his Degree in the ['rovineiiil Univeixity, from whose endow* inent he has ItenetitiMl.* I have now gone through the principal items in which we are aeeuseil having misappropriattMi the University endowment, and I am quite uiUtnt that the (!ommittsed to devote some of the scholar8hi)>s to .special ■ubiects, and at Oxfonl, Christ Church, Magdalen, |and Bidliol, have already dono so. It il also wortliy of notice, that of the scholarships proposed to be founded by the New Brunswick Commissioners, of whom Dr. Ryerson was one, all but two are for s])ccial lubjects. As for the objection that the examinations, upon which the Scholarships are awanled, are on "subjects not included in th« ordinary collegiate curriculum," it only shows Dr. Ryenson's ignorance, either of the practice of the Uuiversity ef Toronto, or of what is essential in such an examination. With the exception ot Oriental Languages, whicli are . 0|>tional throughout, as thev arc mule in all Univenities, no Scholarship is given for any ,tulvect which is not included in tlie regular curriculum ; but in each aubject to award Jbonors and prizes, you must go deeper into the examination, and besides all the ordinary ; %ork, you must require branches of the subject, and books, which are not demanded from 'candidates who are not aspirants for honours. In the older Universities the Scholarships ^ic generally awarded on a special examination, for which the students may offer them - pelves or not as the;^ please. At London and Toronto they are awarded for proficiency at Vilhe iinnual examinations, where all must present themselves, but in either case, it is, and ifcecessarily must l>e, the practice of every University to require from candidates for honors ftnd rewards, more extensive knowledge ot the subject than from those who merely desire N|o pass, whether tliis be ascertained by a separate paper or by separate questions in a paper submitted to all. t It appears from the evidence that Dr. Ryerson is not the original author of these errors, having obtained his figures from the Rev. Mr. Poole ; but he assumed the respon- sibility of them by making them part of his statement before the Committee, and even w Canada College v ith it, and ignoring the cxj)enses of managing our endowment ; and a salary of £125 a year to the Bursar of Trinity, com- ^Mirul with the staff necessary to manage our landed property ; — when I saw the incidental expenses of the same institution called $386, whereas they were £386, and its total expenses jKsr year set down as $7526, whereas the statement published in the Journal of Education for Janu- ary gives them as $16,744, and that expressly excluding $1380 for Scholarships which are chargeable on the general fund, besides which there are others to the amount ol ^^2820, which are specially provided for ; — when, proceeding to the next item, I found Victoria was aet down ius $6000, whilst Dr. Green bis shown that; the salaries alone are $7600 — I gave up the attempt as useless. 1 will, however, subjoin a compar- ative statement, which I hope will be found more accurate, of the expen- diture of the Provincial University and College in Canada, and the analogous establishments in England and Ireland. In comparing the University of Toronto with that of London, I have excluded in the former the cost of Buildings, and the formation of the Library and Museum, there being nothing analogous to this in the latter ; nor is there any necessity for them, as the British Museum is free to all, and \n, in fact, frequented by students to an extent embarrassing to the officers in charge : — London, from Toronto. Toronto average Estimates of 1867. 1869. since 1864. Salaries, including servanis $ 5,010 $3,026 $2,?^67 Examiners 12,459 1,760 1,957 Scholarships, Medals, and Prizes ... 5,429 6,417 5,067 Incidental 2,307 2,624 2,831 $25,205 $13,827 $12,812 Of these amounts, as I have before stated, $6324 is estimated to be paid by fees, but even deducting them the portion of the expense paid by the State very much exceeds ouiu I find by a Parliamentary Keturn of 1859, that, exclusive of the Buildings, which were otherwise provided for, the Queen's University and Colleges in Ireland cost the coxmtry for the last year £26,930, or $131,000, which is only a trifle more than the average since 1851. This is about three times the cost of the University and University College, in Canada, for the same period, and with the same exclusions, but they had not quite double the number of students, viz : — 385 to 196. now he reiterates them. In his speech before the Conference at Kingston (p. 16 C. P.) he makes an attack upon Dr. Wilson on this ground, and states that the clerical error of putting dollars for pounds in one item, is the only error in the whole table. This IS a cool way of escaping from aa monstrous a specimen of Mr. Poole's statistics as even Ins enumeration of the salaried officers of the University. Give Mr. Poole the benefit of iuj clerical error, which onlv makes a diiferer:oe of $11& ; is there no error in calling the expenses of Victoria $1600 less than Dr. Green says the salaries alone amount to T Is there no error in setting down Trinity as $7626. when the very document from which he got his information distinctly states its expenditure to have been $18124, besides some bcUolarships specially provided for 1 Is there any thing like truth or fairness, when Mr. Poole, m striving to exculpate himself (Qs. 503-4,) says that it was his object to state the awlQxoA of saiMrm only, with two selected items in Trinity College, whilst he compared this with all the expenses of the University of Toronto and University College, including Items ^poselv omitted from the other coU«ges, and saddling it moreover with the Bur- sar 3 offioft, and an entirely different corporation, Upper Canada College ! 25 lagiug our Inity, com- ; — when I 56, whereas m |7d26, for Janu- 11380 for ides which provided us set down are $7600 a compar- the expen- a, and the ion, I have ation of the the latter ; free to all, isiug to the irocto average since 1854. $2,P67 1,957 5,067 2,831 112,812 mated to be nse paid by sive of the University £26,930, or 851. This ty College, By but they 6. (p. 16C. P.) ) the dericw I table. This ■tics as even the benefit of in calling the lount to T Is rom which he besides some 88, when Mr. i to state the he compared ;e, including vith the Bur- The different itemn of the oxiw^nditure are not ho easily accessible, and mnot be compared se|)arately, iw ihn Scholarahip-s there are inchided in he Colleges, and the libraries ar<> provided for, not by a definite appro- ftriatio", but out of an annual grant. Suffice it to say that each College eceives o£H,()00 sterling a-yerr, or |4 1,850, and the University about 1 11,000. The larger items of exjienditure, for Examiners and Scholai-- Ihips, have alreatly been c(»mj)ared, and the only other large item, ^jhe 38t of the Professorial Staff in each College, is nearly the same a.s our )wn. At Cork, in 1859, it is given as $24,820, besides tuition i'ven ; irith ua for the same year it was $24,480, with no fees except from occa- [donal students. Other fees have been almost abolished, aa with us, the jvernment having increased the former gx-ant by i;l,600 sterling, in lieu of them.* This sum for salaries, however, includes the Professi^ra of liaw and Medicine, amounting together to .£700 sterling, or $3,406, so that the amount paid to the Professora in Arts is about $3,000 less than jrith us, but the amount estimated for fees from matriculated sttidents, fipwards of $2,000, biings them nearly to the sanu;. Tt is also to be femarked that the wilaries paid are very low us compared with other Ijinular institutions elsewhere, and that this evil has notoriously resiiltcd from it, that their most efficient Professors are con.stantly draft :-f -*.l A definite^ course of study having been laid down in a College, tlie object of a Matriculation examination is to iiscertain that a stiulent pre- senting himself is far enough advanced to enter upon that course ; if not, either the other students would l)e impeded in their progre.s.s, or he would be neghfcted. The Matriculation examinati:)n must, therefoie, be adapt- ed to the course of study in the (College, Init the cour.se in the College itself must b(? made to liarmojiisi; with the education which can be obtiiined out of its doors. If the College commences at too high a stand- ard for the schools, the great bulk f»f the youth must be debarred from entering it at all ; or another evil will follow, that not oidy the examina- tion for Matriculants, but, as a neces.sary consequence, the earlier yesu-s of the College couj-se itself, will become a mere paper scheme which is not acted u[>on in practices The real stiindard for <>ntering the Univer- sity, wliatc^ver it may be in th(,'ory, must be based on the standard of the schools of a c(mntry. If that should be low, you must not be content to * It is made a charge against the University, that tuition fees have been abolished (i^. 'JU8.) It is singular that, in the model University proposed to Mr. Hincks, the lectures of the Professors were to be free. - sink the Colleges to their level ; but you must not place them so far out of i-each as to make the enti-ance into them hopeless. It is a somewhat delicate process to make the adjustment, and in a growing country like this, it will require not unfrequent revision. The Colleges should certainly not commence above the standard of the best schools, but they should be greatly in advance of that of the inferior ones ; and as the' schools improve, the standard of ent -ance to the Colleges may be raised, tii"»t by increasing the difficulty of the honor subjects, and then )iy adding to the qualifications required from all students, and before long we may, ijerhaps, return to a three yeais' course. Some excellent Grammar Schools we no doubt ha/e, and I have no doubt but that they will continue to improve ; but it is notorious that if a much higher Matri- culation examination were prescribed ami acted mi, the young men from many pai"ts of the countiy would be altogether excluded from the Univer- sity, unless their pai-enti; were able to afford to send them for preparatory (raining to Upper Canada College, or some other superior Grammar School. In coiilirmation of these views, I would appeal to the valuable evidence of Dr. Cook,* as to the impossibility of establishing a Matiicu- lation examination which is not in harmony with the capabilities of the schools, and in his earlier statement he shows the necessity of having tntoi-s in the Colleges, as well a.s Professors, for the express purj»ose of bringing foi-ward those who are deficient in particular branches. Dr. Ryei-son aaks, why this complaint of the incjfficiency of the Grammar Schools was not made before 1 The answer is that it was made, and no complaint with regard to the old Univeraity was more frequent, than that its high standard of entrance practically confined its benefits to a favoured class. With the object of remedying this evil, the new Univei-sity added a year to the course of study, so as to complete in the University what h»«i been left unfinished in the schools. But says Dr. Ryerson, " they did not, at the same time, lower the entrance examination, except by leaving out one book." It is true they did not, but there were not want- ing a large number of the Senate, t Dr. Ryerson amongst the rest, who contended that this was a mistake, and that the object of adding a year to the coui-se was not fully accomplished witliout a further reduction, and when a fitting opportunity occurred, the cliang*^ was made to hai'monise with the new arrangement. Dr. Ryerson says that the Grammai' School Act forbids the employment of my |iei"8on not a gi"ailuate, or who ha.s not been examined in all the subjects of our Matriculation, both for jMtss and for honors ; but does he mean to say that they in fact do jjass such an examination, and are competent to teach the subject '{J I hojte * Rov. Mr. Whitaker iilso says, (Qu. 358,) " Mr. Langton Justly observed yesterday, that uur (grammar Schools are not like those at home ; and 1 quite agre<> with hiiu in his para- dox, that the students must fix the standard of examination themselves." t Dr. Eyerson states that he never was in favour of reducing the Matriculation Kxamina- tion. Let him have the benefit of the denial, though there are many persons who have a different recollection. It is not true, however, as stated by Mr. Poole, (p. 10 C. P.,) that he recorded his vote a^iainst the reduction, March 4, 1857. That vote, as explained in the evidence. (Qu. 4542) ^^ npon another Statute, for abolishing Matriculation in the Univer- sity, and transferring it, as in Queen's University, Ireland, to the Colleges. That Statute was afterwards dropped, and the existing Statute was only introduced March '2<}, and carried without a division. X Dr. Byerson, in his reply, produces the names of about a dozen Grammar School- masters who are fully competent for their important functions, which is readily admitted by everr one ; but the inferior condition of the seventy-five schools as a whole, from the inadequacy of the remuneration, is as universally acknowlell them what chauco the mu8s of the Grammar School pupils, ami even a «^eat many of the Grammar School Manters, would have of pa^ising th»' common Matriculation examination only, even as at present established. As for myself, I have now had experience of four Matriculation examina- tions, and can answer for the test being strictly applied, except, perhajx, in Latin com|X)sition,* which has hitherto been much neglected in «mr Grammar Schools ; and from the difficulty that many of the students, even from schools of some repute, exj)erience in coming up to the mark, I am not surprised at the complaints which were formerly made, thai King's College was practically closed to the bulk of the j)eople. It is stated in the Memoiual of the Methodist Conference, that tht* standard of Matriculation is below that of other Universities. [ will pi-oceed to show, confining myself for the present to Greek and Latin, tht; department complained of, that though it is below that in the old Uni- veraity, — because, an I have explained, that was too high, — it is not below those which we may well take, and by the law are directly instructed to take, as our models. At Oxford and Cambridge, there is, pi'operly speaking, no Matriculation examination in the Uuivei'sity, though there is in some of the Colleges. Grenerally si)eaking, nothing is required but the certificate of a Graduate, probably his schoolmaster, that a student is competent. I am not aware of the precise retpiirements of any of the Colleges at Cambridge, (at my own there was no exaniina- tion,)t but the Oxford Commissioners state what is requii'ed by the best Colleges at Oxfox'd, viz. : "some fivcility in Latin wi'iting. and a fair acquaintance with the gi'ammatical piinciples of Greek and Latiti. To this is now generally added Arithmetic, and a portion of the Elements of Euclid," p. 27G. They, however, recommend that a Matriculation examination should be established, somewhat similar to that now called Responsions, which is passed between the 3rd and the 7th terms, and the subjects at that examination are one Greek author and one Latin author, to be selected by the student from a list given, and translation into Lathi pro.se. The authors we require occur in this list, but they must take more of them, as both the Jugiu'tha and Catiline of Sallur.t, and four are Dr. Ryerson's own observations upon the subieot, in his letter to the Chancel- lor, (kted March 23nl, 1857, and published in the Evidence before the Committee, p. 5.3 : — " One of the most pressing wants of the grammar schools is that of duly qualified masters. Several of the scr.ools are now closed on that account, the boards of tniRtees l)eing unable to procure masters qualified according to law. In some of them the masters now employed would not be eligible, had they not been engaged bet oi-e the passing of the present Grammar School Act." * Latin composition is, perhaps, the bobt test of scholarship, not only as a proof of an accurate knowledge of the grammar of the language, but aa reqiuring the student to pos- sess a vocabulary which can only be obtained by a tolerablv extensire course of reading. In the present state d our schools, however, it would be hopeless to expect much proti- ciency in this exercise from students entering the University. Even at Oxford, at the final examination frr Degree, Professor Walker says, " If decent Latin writing should be insisted upon, the number of failures would be more than quadrupled." (Rep. App. K. p. 72.) And Dr. Peacock makes a similar remark with re^krd to Cambridge. t Latterly there has been a Matriculation examination at Trinity, Cambridge, slightly more difficult in classics than at Toronto, viz.. Cicero de Am. and de Sen. ; Virgil i£n. D. I. ; Horn. II. B. I; Xen. Mem. B. I. ; but it is to be observed that Dr. Wbewell, the master of Trinity, objects to a Matriculation examination in the Universitj, and states the object of the examination in the Collide to be principally useful in tuming theattentioa of the tutors to deficiencies in the students who may nevertheless be allowed to pass. ^8 books of the AnabaBls.* Wo, however, require two Latin authom, and it mu8t be I'eniembered tliat the Commissiouei-s do not conterapiate a strict examination ; for, in Jinswer to the objection that the standard must b(! made so low an to exchide almost none, they recommend that good answerhig in one subject may excuse insufficiency in another. At Cambridge, the examination coiTe.sj)onding to the Re8|)onsions at Oxford, and the only substitute for a Matriculation exiunination, consists of one of the Gospels in Greek, Paley's Evidences, and one Greek and one Latin author, which were, in the year when I passed the examina- tion, one book of Homer, and one book of Virgil ; and for the present year, the Gth book of Virgil, and the la.)le to find the subjects at Galway, if tljere be such an examination there ; at Belfast, it is two (ireek and two Liitin books ; at Cork, it is the first book of the Anabasis, and first book of Virgil — two of tlic three books we require. Dr. Ryeraon, whilst quoting the recommendation of the Commissionei"s, tliat the Matriculation examination should not be reduced below what it is, laid ujxm the tid)le tlie course at Belfast, which is rather higher than oui-s. Why did he not also submit that of Cork, which is rather lower l Both, no doubt, were right, being guided by the qualifications of the schools the}?^ had to deal with, and both were equally alluded to in thi' recommendation of the Commissionei"s. I think that I have thus satisfiictorily shewn that we, even with th«^ imperfectly organised schools of a new countiy, require from our students at entrance, as much as has been thought advisable even in England, with all the facilities for Jicquiring classical knowledge, which its numerous and long established schools afford. + In Canada, at Trinity College, which is certaiidy not inferior in its appreciation of classical learning to Victoria or Queen's, the Matriculation examination is substantially the sjime as our own, but rather lower, only requiring two books to our three. As t«i the Colleges in the United States, I am unacquainted with the measure of strictness with which * The Rev. Mr. Ambery is quoted by Dr. Ryerson, in his repljr, as stating that this examination, to which it is proposed by the Commiasioners to assimilate the Matriculation examination, is about equal to that for an ordinary degree at Toronto. At Oxford, a list of books is eiven from which the candidate liimself selects those he will be examined in. If from the list given for Responsions a candidate deliberately selects the most difficult, Mr. Ambery's comparison mav b« true ; but if he selects the easier ones, which be has a perfect right to do, there can be no question as to the greater diificulty ot the books required at Toronto, — not to mention that it is a single examination at Oxford, and the last of four consecutive ones at Toronto. Compare, for instance, four books of the Anabasis, at Oxford, with a play of Euripides and a book of Tbucydides, at Toronto ; or Sallust's Catiline and Jugurtha, with Tacitus' (lermania and Agricola, and four Satires of Juvenal. f _Upo3 this subject the following evidence was given by Mr. Mereditli, Assistant Pro- vincial Secretary, and a Medalist uid Scholar of Trinity, Dublin : Qu. 624.— Have you compared the Matriculation examinations of the University of Toronto with those prescribed in other Universities, and what is your opinion of their comparative standards? — I have compared it with the Matriculation examinations at Cam- 29 theh' examination is applied ; but this I will m,y without any fear of contradiction, that if, oh the italics of the pamphlet of the Methodi.st Conference imply, they expect a lad upon leaving school lo have reatl the whole, of Virgil, and the whole of Ctesar, his time would have been niiieh better employed in learning something of other authors. To any one jicquainted with the subject it bears iipm the face of it the stamp of a, paper programme, a.s much a.s does tlie lohole of hWy and the whole oi' Herodotus, u.s a part of the iii-st year's coui-se at Victoria College. * bridge, London, Cork, Belfast, and DuUin. It seems to me to be about equal to Coni- bridgb, rather greater than London, greater than Cork, less than Belfiist, and Ichs than Dublin. Qu. .^7. — State the subjects of Matriculation examination in each of the Universities and Colleges referred to m your Answer to UHCstion No. 524 'i — The following aie the subjects for the ordinary or pass Matriculation Examination, in the Universities mentiont'd, namely : Name oi' University OR CotLKOK, Subject of Matriculation Bxamination. Greek. Latin. Latin Composition. other Subjects. 1. University of Toronto. 2. University of Cambridge. 3. University of London. 4. Trinity Col- lege, Dublin. 6. Qneen's Col- lege, Cork. G. (Queen's Col- lege, Belfast. Xenophon, Anaba- sis Book I. Xenophon, Anaba- sis last Book, Gos- pel of St. Matliew. Xenophon, one Book. 1' ■ ■ ,p I i aHomerIliad,Books L, II., III.; New Testament, four Gospels, and Acts of the Apostles. Xenoph*n, Anaba- sis Book I. aHomer, Iliad two Books, Xenophon, Anabasis 2Books. Sallust, Catili- na, Virgil, Mneid Book I. Virgil, Jlneid Book VI. -> <.' •■' Horace, two Books of the Odes. i. . ■•' • , ■■ Virgil, .^neld Books L, II., in.,iv.,Ho. race. Odes. Virgil, ^neid Book I. Virgil, Mneid Books I., II., in., IV., Li vy. Books I., 11. Translation from English into Latin Prose. No Composi- tion. ■ w :.. . •■,■ . No Composi- tion. Latin Composi- tion. Re-translation into Latin of parts of Ca)- sar. Do. do. do. Elements of Mathe- matics, History, and Geography. Elements of Matlic- matics, Paley's Evidences, and History. Elements of Matlie- matics and Natu- ral Philosophy ; History and Geo- graphy, Frenc^h or German. English Composi- tion and Arithme- tic, Elements of Matlie- liiatius. Elements of Matlie- maties, History, and Geography. a These Books are taken from a list of auUiors, out of which the Candidate is allowpd to make his gelcotion, or ftrom which a selection is made by the College authorities during the preceding year. * The Commissioners who reported upon tlie constitution and studies of King's College, New Brunswick, at the end of 1864, which report was stated by Dr. Ryerson to be drawn ;k» Options permitted in t/ie l\dve,rdljf. XTpon the subject of the optioua |»t'rinitt(Ml in the Uiiiveinity of To- lonto, Dr. RyerHon is very decided His argument is this, in the main features of which he is supjwrted by Dr. Cook — " tliat a University coui-se is not intended to be adapted to the tastes and capacities of the various students, but "to discipline the jKJwei-s of the mind by a counnon coui"se of aj^plication and exercises, sanctioned by the experience of ages, and tor which Utopian exjierimentei-s have found no substitut<', any more tlian they liave found a substitute for ordinal y food and exercise requi- site for physical development and discipline" — the two subjects for which no substitute can be found being Greek and Latin and Mathematics. ■*' Now, I am far from undervaluing these two studies, which, when I was up by liimself, recorauiend that tlie standard for Matriculation Hhall be ftimilar to that establishwl in the University of Toronto. It is remarkable, however, that when th?y came to give the detail in schedule A. of the draft bill, they omit from the Toronto subjects as they then stood, one Ureek Imok, the Klements of Natural Philosophy, the Elements of Chemistry and French, which is exactly the difference between the present Matriculation at Toronto and that established in 1854. * Mr. Lani^on in the t«xt has gone into considerable detail upon this subject, and lias (luoted largely from the Oxford, Cambridge, and Irish Commissioners, in order to shuw the latitude of individual choice, which they recommend io the subjects of academical study. He might also have referred to the opinions of certain other commissioners, not perhaps of such authority upon Universitjr education general! v; but whose recommenda- tions cannot be without considerable weight in Caiiade at least, as two of them. Dr. Dawson and Dr. Ryerson, occupy prominent positions as educationists here. This report upon collegiate education in New Brunswick, which Dr. Ryerson in his evidence (p. 146) states that he himself prepared, recommends that the following subjects should be embra- ced in the general course, which are identical with the subjects which form the course of study at Toronto : English Language and Literature, Greek and Latin, Modem Languages, History, Natural History, Chemistry, Mineralogjr and Qeology, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Mental and Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity. The first year consists of (Jreek and Latin, Mathematics and Modern Languages, inclutbng English. The second vear of Chemistry, Natural History, and Mineralogy and Qeology, together with any one ot the three subjects of the first year. In the thinl and last year, (all the previous subjects being finally disposed of,) the course contains only Natural Philosophy, English Literature an it, is the fourth examination after that for Matriculation, and the degi'ee of M.A., Jis in the older English Universities, follows as a matter of coui-se without examination. In London they have a two yeai-s' coui-se, oi- the degree of B. A. is given on the second examination after Matriculatit>n, and that of M. A. follows the next year on a third therefore visited Providence expressly to consult him, and having received his approbation, Dr. Ryerson says : "The Commissioners could not but be gratified by such an expression of opinion by a man, whose writings on Collegiate refonn have so pre-eminently distin- guisned him ; and who holds so high a position amoncst the first scholars and educators in Aiperica."— (Rept. II., i:^^ 32 exiuniiiation. In comparing the two coui-hph, we nniHt therefore remem- bt'r tliiU, with th(!in, the examination for M.A. is the third or final one ; with ns the fourth, or fiiml one, is that for B.A. Now, in th(! Univemty of Lon(h)n,* the fii-st examination after Ma- tricnlation is extremely similar to oui-s, excepting that there is no (Jreek iit all, anil, a.s with us, no options are aUowed. The second examination is ratlier al)ove us, especially in Mathennitics, and no <»ption8 are allowed, ncitlu'r are they with us, excejtt to the few who hav<( heeii first-class honor men, in either Classics or Mathematics, or in hofh Natuj-al Sciences and Modern Languages. To our third examination they have nothing corresjtonduig, and at their final examination they allow any oni; of these three liranches to he taken, viz. : Chussics, Mathematics, or Mental and Moral Sciences ; a greater license than we allow to any but first-class honor men. But this is not all, for to meet the growing necessity of options, they have established a new degree, unknown before in English Universities, though existing in the Univewity of Paris, viz: that of Bachelor and Doct«)r of Science. A student offering himself f(»r this courses, may, after Matricul(itigy and PaUeontology. Nay, the several biimches are again subdivided into i.;in- eipal and subsidiary subjects, and ho is to have a thorough knowhKlge of the one, but need only show a generid acipuiintjince with the other. Thus, a candidate selecting Mathematics as his branch, may t^ike pure Mathematics a.s the principal subj»!ct, with only a general knowledge of applied Mathematics, or vice versa. The Committee, therefore, can judge * la his reply (p. 3t) C. P.,) Dr. Ryerson lieaJa a paragraph, "Mr. Langton's misquo- tations in regard to London Univorsity," but gives exactly the same account of the two examinations for tiie degree of B.A., excepting for his amusing mistake in supposing that tlie two years' eourse means two separate degrees of B.A. At the two first annual exami- nations after MatricuhUion, no options are allowed ; they commence at the third year, which is the final examination in the Pacultr of Arts. So also do they practically com- mence at the third year in the University of 1?oronto. Much misrepresentation has taken place in that respect. Tiie rule for the second year is this : "A candidate fur honors in any department, who has obtainctl first-ditss honors in the I'niversity, in his first year, either m Classics or Matiiematics, or in both Modern Lan- |;iiages and Natuml Sciences, is not required in other departments to pass an examination in any ))ranch, in which he has already been examined in his first year ; but having only been examined in pure Mathematics in hi.s first year, he must also take applied Mathema- tii's this year." Now the effect of this rule is, titat a student who has taken first-class honors in either Classics or Mathematics, need not take a second course of Modern Languages, or of Chem- istry, or of Natural History, and several have availed themselves of the option. But with the essential subjects of Classics and Mathematics, the case is very different. Mathema- tics cannot be omitted in the second year by any one, and Classics only in two cases : Ist, by a student who has taken first-cl.-i.s8 honors in both Modern Languages and Natural Sciences, a contingency which has never occnrred yet ; and, 2nd, by a student who has tiiken first-class honors in Mathematics. During the last five years, eleven students have had this privilege, and only four have availed themselves of it, which is the sum total of the much talked of option of dropping Classics and Mathematics, which is always spoken of by Dr. Rverson as universal, ana is described in his evidence (p. 118) as i^ermitted " almost without limit." The real options commence, as in London, at the end of the second year, and then only for first-class honor men, to the extent which they permit. ini 33 f, . l..[|i lV>ject of C(»Ui!giut« education to niihiHtur to individual tiwt«.H," that *' in English Uuiv^-sitieM, Natural Sciencos are not adraitted JUS a rtubHtltuto fiir Matheniatic«," tliat " in no tiwe aro both ClawicH and Mathon»atit'« allowed to hv abandoned during ai'.y part of the course," and that '• there m not a University or College in ( Jreat Britain, that would not scout the idea of conferring a tlegree ou Hueh terms." At the Qtieen's Univei-wity, Ireland, the system of options is also {R^r- inittftd, though differing in arrtuigement from ours. At the tii-st examina- tion (itU'v MiUriculation, m with us, therp ju'e nu options. At the second (one year before we jwrmit any, except to tii-st cla«s houor men) there is an option between Classics and Mathematics. At the end of the third year, (and herein they diffyr principally fri)m us,) they take over agiun s(»mc branches of all departments, and it is to be observed that this is exactly the examination which the Commissioners ])ro|>ose to alter. At the fourth or final examination, which with them also is that for M. A., four options are allowed. Classics with one Mod«!rn Ltuiguage, Mathe- matics and Natural Philossphy, English with I^igic and Metaphysics, or with Jurisprudence and Political Economy, and the Natural Sciences — any one of the four being sufficient for obtaining the degree. In his supplementary evidence. Dr. Ryei-son luu* a[)i>ealed to the report of the Coumiissionera of the Queen's Univei-sity and Colleges, and considering the length to which his extracts f^'om other writers extended, it is singular he should only iiave tpioted from the Commissionoi-s, their statement of the existing examination for B. A., and not the proposals which have been made to amend it. I will content myself with referring to the 1 9th page, the pex'usal of which will satisfy any member of the Committee, that they are not o[)iK>sed t4> the system of options, and never dreamt of the exclusive studies recommended by Dr. Ryei-son and Dr. Cook. They shew that tlie object of the present coui-se contenij)lates " a wide and extensive general education," and that devotion to special subjects is encouraged by the M. A. Examination, and by the prizes and honoi-s. They sjiy that all the Profosstirs are in favour of a genend course, but think the present work t»M) much, and what they mean by a general couree is shewn by their differtnit schemes as given in the Appendix, all of which, except one, gi-eatly extend the system of options. They olyect to all these schemes a.s making too radical a change, and then give the remedy which meets most with their approbation, which is a step beyond what we go in the Univemty of Toronto, viz. : that there sliall be an (examination at the end of the sectmd year, on the subjects of the coui-se up to that time, which shall be final, as far as these subjects are conccraed, and that at the B. A. Examination, they need take only one of the three groups of the present B. A. Examination, given in Dr. Ryerson's evidence, excluding Latin luid Greek, Mathematics and Modern Languages, which have been finally disiKJsed of at the end of the second year.* At Cambridge, the options until quite lately were permitted to honor n»en idone, that is, all mnst pa-ss the Previous Examination, the only ..I lit if * Here a^aiu, Dr. Ryerson heads the paragraph of his reply (p. 37 and 38 C. P.) " Mr, Laiigton's Mistiuotations " and then proceeds to give the passage just as Mr. Langton gave tlie suhatanoe ot it, and caused the Clerk of the Committee to read it at lenKtn at the table ; shewing, as stated above, that Latin, (Ireek, Mathematics, and Modem Languaj^es, are to be finally disposed of at the end o the second year, and that at the B. A. Examina- E ■iij n 34 HubHtitui<; f<»r, tviul cttrUinly not moi'u difficult than our exiuninatioua i-('8 fur Clutwical HonorH tiued to be mure limited, tut they could not preMcut theniHelveM uidoM they hud obtained a certiun standing in the Mathematical Tripoa. ThiM arrangement, however, wofl modified Home yoarH ago, and the caiidi- iH4)n'8 accuracy in stating that no BritiHh Univt^raity admitM of an option It^twtMftn Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Whether the fifth Tripos for Moslem Languages \\a» been actually established or not, I am not quite certain. If it ha« not it most certainly will be. Ui>o>; this subj(>ct, the OommisHioners make the folhtwing observations : '' Another addition still more obviously suggested by c«>nsiderations of utility is the study of MfMlern Languages. A. system of liberal education cannot ha regardetl otherwise than as defective, if it d«>es nut afford facilities and induci^meiits fur accpiiring a knowledge of the treasures of (lernmn, French, and Italian literature." " We confidently indulge the tioii, only one of these three groups neeil be taken : — A. English, Philosophy, and Criti- cisiu, Loxio, MetuphyuicM or Jurisprudence, and Political Bconomy. B. Ohemiatry and Natural Philosophy. 0. Zoolo;;y, Kutaiiy. and Physical Geography. il>uoh was tlie rei-oinniondation of the Uoyal Commissioners, at p. 19 of their R«port. From the reports of tlie colleges for the year IStfO, it appears that a change has actually I>e9n introduced, ditfering a goo«i deal from that recommended by the Commissioners, and tissimilatinK their practice very closely to that of the UniTersity of Toronto. It is aa fol- lows ;— at the end of the second year, there is an examination in the University embracing Classics, Mathematics, and one Modern Continental Language. Then the options com- mence, and a candidate for Honors may tiike any one of group A., or any two of group B., VIZ. Group A. English Language and Literature, Logic and Metaphysics, ,^ Logic and History, ,,, Logic and Political Economy. < Greek and Latin, 'r Modern LangiiagCH, ,, Mathematical Science, Experiiuental Science, Natural Science. Candidates who see K a Degree without Honors, may take any combination of the sub- jects in group C, provided the sum total of the values attacked to each subject is at least four : , ,-,■ , ' Group C. *• '■» ■ '•' f"'"'- ■ ■•''■''^ ' Groop B. English Language & Literature 2 Mathematical Science . . 2 Experimental Science . . . 2 Chemistry .... 2 Zoology 1 Botany 1 Greek 1 Latin Modern Languages, each Logic Metaphysics . History Political Economy * Dr. Ryerson, in liis repl^r, (p. 3S C. P.,) tokes exception to this comparison, because, before branching off into options, the Cambridge stndent must pass the previous examina- tion in the middle of his second year, whereas those of Toronto may do sn at the end of the first, 'I and that," sa^s he, " without any such previous examination as the one required at Cambridge." Omitting the misrepresentation that our options commence at the end of the tir.st year, the evidence of Mr. Meredith (Qu. 227) shows that even at the end of the first year, our students have been as severely tested as those at Cambridge. But Br. Ryerson alduces Mr. Whitaker's evidence, to show that the previous examination at Cambridge is now made nearly if not quite equal to the B. A. Examination. Mr. Whitaker, however, acknowled^s, (Qu. 331, &e.) that he knows of no addition to the classical subjects, and the Cambridge calendar for 1860 shews that there are none, and he further adds, that the B.A. Examination is higher not so much in the difficulty of the books, as in the greater strictness of the examinations. M hoiie thnt it will, pro long, Imi rpcojpfniflcd by th« Univrrnity hm worthy of being foHtored by honom and lownnlH." 1 am nwnn; that the olijwtion may be made that thoHo optionH wore only for the hmti»r men, and that they, except the MathematiciunH, miiHt aim) i«mh the Degrtn* Examination. Rut what iR the Degree Examination itMelf? It in little more than a n^|ieti- tion of the previouH examination. One Oruek and one Latin lMK)k, |Mirt of the ActH or an EiUMtle, iiiHtuad of a Oosim;!, in the Greek TeHtament, Algebra, the reHt of Euclid, and the Elementary Principli'H of MechanicH "rtd HydroHtaticM, with Paley, and Homo Church HiMt4)ry, certainly not more than we ex]>ect fnnn all our HtudentM at Nimie [Hirt of their couiw*. I am Hure the Oommitttu will excuHe me if I (|UoU! from the re|M)rt of the CommifwionerH, the recommendatioiiH of which were in a great mea- sure adopted last year. Aftta* H]>eaking of the PreviouH K.\»mination, they anMid«-r- able part of it But theMe are HubjectM in which time hail long Hhown that moat of thin clam of HtudentH did not poHHCHM the deNir*' or the apti- tude to excel. If their tante and talents liad inclined that way, the majority of them would no doubt hav*; Iteen found in the career of com|tetition for mathematical and cliuwical honoix. For five weary terms they hav«( been couii»elled to continue a courae of reading, which, whatever attrtictiouH, whatever benetits it may have for othei-s, is t«) them irksome, and, neetl we hesitate to say, little better than un])i-oHtid>l(>." " What we suggest, then, is that the examination of students in Arts, at the end of the fifth term, should take place as at present, and in the same subjects, with the addition of such ftn*ther ]>arts of Euclid and Algebra as arc now introduced at the tinal examination for those who are not candidates for mathematical honors. After the general body of students have p».ssed this examination collectively, they might then, in our opinion, be allowed, for the following fcmr teims, to select freely for themselves, with the sanction <»f their college tiitor, such lines of recognised academical study as were best suited to their aptitudes and tastes and professional destinations. Some would aspire to honors in the several Tnpogai, others would prepare themselves for the firat degree in Law or Physic. The rest, who sought or obtained no honors, would be finally subjected to some process of examination, in order to make it evident that they had attended such a range of lectures in their last four terms, and acquired such a proficiency hs to qualify them for a first degiee in Arts." They then go on to show how candidates for honors in the four existing Triposes, and others which might be added, as Modern Langttages and Civil Engineering, would obtain their degree, and they proceed — " Corresponding to the examination for honors in each several Tripos, there would be a collateral examination at the stime time and in the same subjects for those students who had adopted that imHicular line of study, though not seeking the distinction of an academical honor in it As many as passed this collateral examination satisfactorily should also thereupon be entitled, in point of academical proficiency, to the degree of Bachelor of Arts," which they would accord on the same terms as those whose final examination was in Theology. " The change itself of the 3fi NyHtein, whirli wr Imve prnjxmcil, wimid, in otir opinion, lie ati'sncIiHl with ^reat ndvAntngcA. 'nicrc wmiM Htill Xh?, as now, an nnl«*nt (;oin|)vtition and high HtutidnrtI of attainni<>nt prcHttrvod both in thu Mathvnmti!4itivu advantage would prohahly \*v more marked in tlie cuHe of that numenmH ehusx of 8ttiiloiit.s who are contented with an «>rdi«ary degnie, not feeling themselves fitted to «>nd>ark in thu com)H;tition for aeademical homtiu After passing the previous examination they might turn their f(mr remaining terms to a really proHtjdde account, l»y pre- {taring themselves for thcii- futtire professions ; or at lea>tt they might continue to tind in academical piiixuits that (h'gn^e of interest aiul im- provement which arists from variety and choict^ of sttidy." (p. 27.) This is the scheme of iicademical study recommended by men of such Eunt- I>ean reputition as the ISishop of ( 'hcster, Pea«'ock, llersehel, U(Unilly and Sedgwick, and it goes even further in admitting the principle of options than the Sentite of the riiivei*sity have ventured to follow. The Committee can have an (»pjMirtuiiity of comparing it with what ])r. lly ersou in his evidt-ncc has stated to he the natun- of their rccommcuda- t'""«-*. • : ■; " ■,: , ■ , ... i.;t,. ...... - At Oxford they have not as yet i»roceeded so far in intriKlucing a princijile which must idtiinately prevail, hut they have already advanced * The oliiingoH wliioli liiivc liuen ciiutiously uqd HucccHHivcly imide in tbe ByHtoin ut Caiii- bridge, illuMtrute well the temlency of the progress in University educiitioii, and urtlBr sti'uit); i'videiicu ill sii|i|iiii-t of tlie wiHdoiu oftiie HyHtein ndoptetl at Toronto. Formerly tlic o.ly uptloii allowed ul Caraliridt(e waM to the Matlieinatical honor-men, who, nft«r piisNinK the previous exaininution, were permitted to lay cliwsiis wholly uside, while clas- sieMl lioiior uieii wciv (V)ni]>eiled to tuke honors in .Miithematies aJHO. Relu.xutionH in favor of the oluv.sied honoi-iiicii wire, however, niiide mipeessively, by ])ermittinK tiieni to evade the honor e.xaniinatiiin in .M sitlieiuaticH, and .u<> I'lit in tiie i'oll or genenti e.xaniinntion for the ordinary li. A. de::ree, at tir^t reipiirinj; tiieui to be in the first elasti of the iioll, but at'terwarls reni'ivin^' even this restriction, At leti;{tli, in ISM, n ]M)rtloii of the Matlieina- ti'jK rennired for the P'lll was tlirowii into the |irevioii>t «xaiuiniition an aahlitional Kobjcets, and after pa!>siiiu tlle^e, a otiident conhl then take his degree by proeeuiiiug in honont, eiihcr In Mathematics or in (/lasiics. Mnidly, in WfA^, the same privilege whs extemied to the tiiposeH of moral and natural sciences, and at ]iresent a student, after passiii^ the pre- vious txamiiiation, (in the middle of his second year,) can procee•«(», ron. The scheme of the previous examiiialicn now stands as follows : "One of the four Uospels in Greek, Paley's Evidences of (Christianity, one of the Ureek and one of the Latin Classics, Euclid's Elements ISb. I. II. ill., ami Arithmotio," and ailditional for Candidates for honors, ''Euclid Bb. IV. VI., Kleir*ntH of Algebia, Elementary Mechanics ireatecrmission of an option, is n^ucll less in amount and lower in dilHculty at Cambridge than at Toronto. .,,. t ,,.•, , ,,,i ,, 8T to a coniiderable ^xt«»nt in tho wimn clirftctlon. The Httbjninod extract from the Corainin«ioii«rn' rpjMtrt will show l)oth wluit th« i^THfiit pnwticn in and what it ih rtwoinmonclfld that it HhnuM hcconK'. " The H«>iiat«> hiw admittod tho neccHsity of afl'ordiiig hoiik^ lih«>rty nf c)ioicr to the Htudcnt with regard to the m>l>jcvtM which h«> i^ to iiiirNiKt diiriiif; tho latter |Nirt of his Connie. Wo are of opiniou that thin liberty Mhuuld hv extoiidetl All Mtiidentii will hcnwfoi-ward (from I MAO) Im) perinittod to rhoone at • ])lnasuro tho special stiidicH of Law and liiHtory, of Mathomalical Hcieiice, or of Natiiriil Hciouco ; hut proviouHly to IiIh cxantination in any of thcH*; branches, each candidate niuHt Htill {tri^Hont hintH«Of in the Hehool of LitffrtP. /funutniores, to b«! therci examined in (jliwuicH for the third time, HH well IM in phihiHophy and liiHtory. No doiiht tluH reNtrietion was maintained in conHcquenco of un opinio i which Iuih long prevailed at Oxford with reganl t<) the nature of a liberal education," (and whieli, il wu revived in Canada.) '' It ha>i been ht>ld t(* l)e ilie Hole hutuness of a Univeraity to train the |)owers of tin; mind, not to give much potutivu or any profesHJonid knowledge; and tlit; Htudy of claHsieal hoolcH in regarded an the beMt mejins of retining and invigoi-ating tli*; mind. The education given ha.s hitherto b«'en the same for all, whethei elergymeu or barristers, medical men or private gentlemen. It has be<'u limited to such subjtHJts as were presumed to be common to all tl»'S(! kinds of life; and no o pursued, much more Htted for one profession tlian for another." (p. 2S\.) " Now the Statute of \6iiO wiw an etl'ort in th»! right direction ; but its present reguhitions, which still retain the compulsory study of theZ/7«m! //umanhtren to the end of the coin>ie, will scariiely renunly the evil." (p. 282.) * '' . *. * * * " The obvious uiotle of amending this scheme Wi)ultl be to enact that all .students, after giving satisfactory evidence of cliussicul knowknlge at the intermetliate examination, {the ^firnt* in the Univemty) should be relieved from the necessity of contiuvnug the studies oi' th- grammar school, and should be at libtfrty for tho latter periodt of their career to devote them- Bslves to pursuits prc[Miratory to their future professions. T<» this end it seems to us that the Univei-sity might with the best results institute a division of studie.s, with correspon»ling examination sclutols, such as * Strictly speftkiBK, this examinatioo, thougli otfiuially culled " First Public Examina- tion," ii now the second in the Uaivcrsity, that ualled fiesponHions having ureceilcd il ; but the Commiraioners recommend the Responsinna to bo converted into a Matriculation Examinfttion, and thus the examination tliey here speak of would be strictly the first in the University. t Dr. Ryerson (p. 38 C. P.) finds fault with Mr. Langton for quoting the words of the Commissioners, " for the latter period of their career," whilst the heading of the section shows that this means " durinj; the hist year ;" thus, as he states it, concealing that their tecommemlation is to permit options only during the la.st year "of a four years' course of study." N )w it is evident from this, that Dr. llyersotv does not know that the course at Oxford is not, as in most Universities, precisely limited — a latitude being allowed to the stu- dents. They cannot take a degree earlier tnan their i;^th term, (after a complete tlitrr. years' eo>ir»e,\ and candidates for honors are not admitted later than their 18th term. Thus also they need not appear at Uesponsions at any fixed date, but between the 8rd and 7th terms, and similarly of the Intermediate Examination. If, therefore, Mr. Langton had spoken as precisely lis Or. Ryerson wishes him to do, he would not have spoken truly. lie used the words of the Commissioners themselves, who spoke vaguely because the \m- riwi was vague ; but that they did not mean, as interpreted by Dr. Ryerson, the last of a four years' course, is evident from their elsewhere (p. 27'J) stating the object of the Inter- mciliate Examination to be "to promote industry during the scciont year." M would better accord with the freedom of 'hoice which shoulu, as we think, be left to the student, after the intermediate examination, to be passed by all alike." (p. 287.) The Oommissioaers then proceed to explain the four schools, with minor subdivisions, making in all nine branches, any of which might be chosen by the student after the middle* of liis H(H;ond year, as all that would be requisite to entitle him tu a degree, viz. : I. Theology ; II. Divided into two, vi?. : (1) Mental Philo- sophy ; (2) Philology, in which the student may be examined in Greek and Latin, or the Orieattd and Eur(>}>ean Languages, or in Comparative Philology; III. Jurisnrudence and History, including Political Economy ; IV. Divided into two ; (1) Pure and applied Mathematics ; (2) Physical Science. General iStnndnrd of Udncntion. i'\»i li.lT"' }'-U" III rebutting thus at length the charge that our options have lowered the .standard of our degri^e to an extent unprecedeni43d in any other University, 1 have incidentally compared our requirements with others, and have shown, that in no sense is the study for our degree below that requireil in oiir best niodeis.t I might, therefore, have passed over alto- gether the general accusation of the inferiority of the standard of educa- tion in the Univeivity of Toronto, lisid not Dr. Ryerson offered a proof of it, frf)m the alleged inferiority of our students as Grammar School Teachers. Now the preparation of young men for teaching Grammar Schools, is not the only, not even the highast object of a University ; and until means have been provided to increase the remunentciou offered, it is hopeless to expect that the best men will select such a miserably paid profession. * Other qualities also are required in a teacher than meie learning, as Dr. Ryerson must be well aware, having before him the example of a distinguished graduate of Oxford, who lately failed to main- tain f>ven a moderately .succcshful school in Toronto — and of two men, graduates of British Universities,! selected by himself for his Normal and Model Giiimmar Schools, who, upon trial, j)roved inefficient. I might also say, that even if the imputation were true, it would reflect little disfiredit upon our present coui*se of study, which has only been established five years. The first men who entered with our present course, and have pursued it throughout, only graduated in June last ; and to test the present University by the men it has hitherto produced, would be much like looking for fruit the year after planting an orchard But I also have looked ever the returns of the Grammar School InspecJ * This nhould be " after the end of his second year." f To exhibit more fully how groundless is this charge, a statement is annexed of the num- ber of subjects in classics and mathematics in which an examination is required by Tarions Universities, before the option of on^ittiug them can be exercised : — In Classics. — Cambridge, 3 ; Oxfurd, 11 ; London, 13. A. 8, B. Ic. 2 ; Toronto, 7, and, with rare exceptions, 11. In Mathematics. — Cambridge, 4 ; Oxford, 2; London, 10 (not all necessary) ; Toronto, 6. t Dr. Ryerson's reply (p. 40 0. P.) has a long paragraph, headeecause we thought £30 a-year a suffi- cient stipend, whereas he proposed .£50 a-year for his ; because ours are award.ed for proficiency in the honor as well as the pass subjects, and his candidates were to be examined in the mere common pass subjects of the first year only ; and because ours are ojien to the whole Province, whilst no one was to be allowed to comjiete for his, except those who came with a recommendation from the Council of Public Instruction. I think the Committee will agrt^e with me, that this proposition is an instructive comment, not only u|K>n the alleged inconj|)ettmcy of Univer- sity College for pre|)aring Grammar School Teacliei's, but also upon the extravagance and exclusiveness with which we are charged, and upon the desire which Dr. Ryei-son expresses to maintain a high standard of education. i' i (5) General Policy of a Provincial University. Having now disjiosed of the several heads under which the Petitionei-s have brought charges against the management of the Univereity, it remains only for me to speak to the general question of the jwlicy of denominational or non-denominational Colleges, suppoi'ted by the State, and of establishing one College, which shall be thf>roughly and efficiently organized, or dividing the endowment amongst several. As to the first question, I do not desii*e to e»:ter into the general ai-gument. The Committee, 1 conceive, wish to obtain from me facts and not opinions, which they have no doubt long since formed for them- selves, upon a subject which, for the last twenty yeara, hus been so prominently before the country. 1 would merely remark that, whether the prevailing opinion of Upper Caniula, that no aid from the State should be given towards education exclusively under the conti'ol of any particular religious denomination, be right or wi*ong, we should at least be consistent in our application of the principle which guides us. Dr. Cook is perfectly consistent in the views which he advocates^ He holds that all education should be in the hands of pei-sons, for whose general • Dr. Ryerion, before vi-e Conference meetinj; at Kingston (p. 15,) says, that his chal- lenge to go over the official reports of the Insi)ti(;tors was not accepted. W hat, then, is the meaning of thts above passage .' M-r, Langton expressly denieil ttie truth of Dr. Ryei-son's ■tatement, and Dr. Wilson adduced in addition the coutradiution of theui by one of tlw Iiutpeoton themselTea. .-t < >,-',t 40 character Honie poi'ticular religiouH community stands sponsor, and quotes with approbation the opinion of Baron AUlei'son, that it is impossible to give secuhir instruction in common, and that it is essential even for a ti"ity of the people of Upper (Jauadii, then it follows lus a matter of course, that the endowment should be divided amongst the denominational Colleges, and University College should be abolished. But if an op^nmite oitinion prevail'?, as it would appear U) do from the constitution of our Common and Gmmmar Schools, I can see no argument agaiust SeiMirate Schools, which does not equally apply to separate Colleges. " If," sjiys Dr. Ryerson, in his evidence, "lud is provided in sup|)oi*t of a College for those who prefer a College without any religious char»icter or influence, it is unjust and preposterous to deny aid to Colleges for those who denumd colleges invested with a religious character and influences." And again, " If an institution teiu;lu!S the subject of a collegiate education in connexion with no reli- gion, it is to be endowed ; but if it teaches the same subject in connex- ion with any religious ]»ersui;aion, it is to be proscribed. Thus the religious character of a college is a disqualification for public aid ! Can any thing be more monstrous V Reiul Schools for Colleges, and you have the argumiait for Separate Schools forcibly put. Again, in his re])ort of KS.KJ, Dr. Rvei-son says, " It is only, therefore, for very grave causes, that the Sttite can bo justified in allowing any portion of the ]>opulation to be isolated from a system of public instractiou. But where this is claimed, with the avowed view to the interestp of a religious p'l-suasion, the answer is, ' Tlu; Stjite hua nothing to do with the peculiar interests of sects, but has every thing to do with the school education of its youth.' The State eijually tolerates and protects the former, but it largely provides for the latter. As, therefore, a system of Public Schools is based upon piiblic interests, members of no sect or religious persuasion can claim on constitutional or jiublic grounds, that any of such schools should be made sectarian, or that public funds should be expended for tho .support of sectarian schools at all, much less that such schoiils should l»e placed on tlu^ same footing as Public Schools. The sole object of public schools is secular education ; the leading object of sectarian schools is sectarian interests — -with which the State does not interfere where there is no semblance of union between Church and State." Here, if you read Collcyes for Schools, the contrary argument is still more forcibly sustained.* * These are not the only instances in whicli Dr. Ryerson's faith in non-aectariaa public instruction, upon which his whole character as a public man is based, seems to be in a very unsettled condition. In his reply, (p. 43 C. P.,) there is an apparent admission that the (Grammar Schools should be rendered denominational. "Grunting that a defectexicts in the (jrammar Schools, that the primary education does not aft'ord suificient opportunity for religious instruction," &c. How long will it bo before a similar doubt extencb tothe Com- mon Schools'! Religious ifMtriwtioa cannot be given except in connexion with a denomination, whether at a Common School, a Grammar Scliool, or a College ; but a general oversight over the moral conduct of students, and the maintenance of religious habits may be M well under- taken by a purely secular, as by a denominational institution. This Dr. Ryerson can clearly jierceive to be the fact, in a non-denominational institution under bis own control j though ho thinks it iinpossibie if under the control of others. In his letter to Mr, Hincks, in 1H52, Dr. Ryerson, speaking of the former University, (with what truth may be doubtfUl,^ complains that no oversight was exercised in this respect." and he adds, " I do not thiak tills need be so, constituted as the University now is; it is not so in the administration of the Frcvinciul Normal School." So also in his report upon Collegiate education, New 41 But putting the religious argument aside altogether, and supposing a College to be as ivee from denominational bias as Victoria is claimed to be, when it is no longer to the liberality of the Methodist persuasion, but to the sympathies of the public at large that the appeal is made ; is it for the interest of the country that the endowment should be scattered in small sums over the country in support of a number of local institu- tions 1 I entirely concur in the general principle of the London Univer- •sity, that students, wherever educated, should have the same facilities for obtaining scholastic honors, — the principle upon which our University was constituted, and which has been fully acted on by the Senate ; but I also believe that it was a wise jwlicy to found one College, free to all, having no advantages over any others, except what its greater educational ciipabilities might natui-ally afford it, I should be sorry to see the smaller Colleges closed, be they denominatif»nal or otherwise, and I should wish to see them, and I tlo not yet despair of seeing them, sending their fair quota to the examinations of the Provincial University, and sharing in the Scholai-ships and Honoi-s whicli it has pi-ovided. But at least one College should be sustained by the State, in which every bi-anch of loam ing and science, \thich forms a recognised pai-t of a liberal education, can be taught efficiently under the best instnictors. It cannot be expected that the minor Colleges would keep up a teaching staff embmcing all the numerous mmitications of modern science, and it is hardly to be desired that they should, for the number of Professors woidd thus become \inne- cessarily multiplied, — if thoroughly efficient, at a cost alttigether dispro- ixutioned to the number of students, — or what is far more probable, as a mere repetition in unnecessaiy profusion of an imperfect and incompetent model. But there is nothing to hinder them from having competent m(!n in some of the most essential departments ; and as the j)references for special studies of thti ruling denomination, or the tastes of each locality dictated, or from the lucky acquisition of some eminently successful teacher, each College would g.adually acquire, as has been the case in England, a reputation for success in particular departments. The system of options alreaily adopted, and which nmst hereafter ever form the basis of a University scheme, would give their students the fullest opportimity of carrying off their share of honoi-s and emoluments ; and if the prefer- rence of the petiti■-, he says, that 'the evidence' of the truths, and morals of Christianity should iie ,i ■ the foundation of all Collegiate instruction," referring even to the introduction of what he ca11« the Normal School system into University College, Toronto. And he adds that, " Where a boardinK-house is retained in the College for those who prefer it, provision is. or should be, made for the observance of all the duties of a Christian family." But when he comes to speak of University College, in his present position as a claimant for part of the endowment, he finds fault with the daily prayers with which, as in every well- ordered establishment, the business of the day commences and closes, and with the lectures on Natural Theology and the Evidences of Christianity in which all denominations may join. " Its duty," he says, " was to teach secular branches of education, irrespectiva of all religion— leaving every thing pertaining to religion to the religious denominations." There is not any thing in the tissue of misrepresentation and vulgarity put forward by the Reverend Superintendent more discretliteble than his sneer at the unpretending religious 21, 0. P.) represents V 48 makejsroyisietrftjt''' every thing that it is desirable to include in a IJniver- "sity coin*se. To leave the selection of studies to the individual Colleges, would be to run the risk of leaving some important subject iinrepresented, and would drive our youth to go elsewhere to gf^in the desired knowledge ; to })rescribe a uniform course for all, would be, as I have said, to multiply teachei-s unnecessarily, to force upon Victoria History and English Literature, which Dr. Ryeixou thinks are alreaily sufficiently taught in the Gnunmar Schools, and Modern Languages upon Queen's, whose Principal thinks them not only an umiecessary, but a positively injurious addition to Academical studies. The present University Act provides every tiling that is requisite for such an organisation, which I think the best adapted to the .state of the countiy, and juiy moditications in the Constitution of the Senate, or in other minor particulai-s, could ef sily be introduced even without additional legislation. My own idea of \ he best constitution for that body would be, that a certain fixed lumiber should be appointed by the Crown, that each College which sent up a certain number of Students for examinations should be entitled to elect one member, and after a ceiiiain number of Students two members, and that the Graduates j 'i\v assembled in convocation, .should elect cei-tain other membei-s — it bei. ^ v (led that if any siffiliated College surrendered its chai-ter, or as long a leld its charter iii abeyance, all the graduates of such College should ruiik as graduates of the Provincial University. I should also think it advisable that all members of the Senate, whether elected or apjxjinted, should hold their seats only for a fixed term of yeai-s, but should be re-eligible. As to the endowment, having shown the cost of similar institutions elsewhere, I do not believe that it will for some yeai"s to come much exceed what is requisite to keep up the Provincial College in full efficiency, and the Univei-sity with its expenditure, in maintaining a Provincial Library and Museum, competent examinei-s and a liberal allowance foi- Scholai-ships. If any considerable siu'plus should arise, — ami I agi'ee with the petitioners that all extravagance should be discouraged and ])re- vented, for which the Visitor has ample powei-s, — such surplus might most profitably in my oj)iuion be devoted, under such regulations jis Parliament might make in accordance with the 54th clause, to an object in which all the Colleges have an equal interest, and not oijy the Col- leges but the whole country, viz. : the imj)rovement of our Gr.immar Schools. This is at ))reseiit the weakest point in our whole educational system. We have admirable Common Schools, and a liberal appropria- tion for the Normal and Model Schools ; we have a staff of professors connected with the Provincial College, who would reflect credit upon any similar body even in England, and the denominational Colleges have, I believe, under considerable 'difficulties, accomplished their work well. But in the higher schools Ave are unfortunately deficient, not from the lack of men to undei-take them, so much tm from the want of funds from which to provide a stipend liberaL enough to attract thoroughly qualified teachers. Perhajis the best way of doing this would be to found certain annual allowances which should be awarded on examination, and should be tenable only by persons actually engaged in teachmg Grammar Schools, or employed as tutors or professoi-s in incorporated Colleges not otherwise endowed by the State. — As the word fellowship seems appropriated to a Connexion with a particular College, such recipiei:ts of stipends from the 43 Unlvei'sity funds might be called "ansociates," or some equivalent term, and the emolumentH might be held for a limited term of years. 1 Dr. Cook's University Scheme Examined. The scheme propounded by Dr. Cook would, no doubt, have been im- proved in its dettiils, had he had an opixn-tunity (»f maturely considering them, and I will not therefore judge it by its minor arrangements. But it appears t4> me, a|>art from its denominational aspect, to be liased \ipon three unsound principles. 1. It est>iblishes a uniform, and, therefore, necessarily limited, course of study for all, in direct opposition to the practice of the best Univei'sities, and the strong recommendation of both the Oxford and Cambridge Commissioners, whose guiding princi})le is liberty to individual choice. Tlxis it does, not only in accordance with Dr. Cook's individual opinions as to what are the most important brandies of study, but as a necessary conscJiuence o{ the equal subdivision of (iovernment aid ; for it is impossible that several small bodies can be so organised as to afford much opiwrtunity of selection to the students. This can only be iiccomplLshed by (me large institution, or by several small ones united under one superintending iMJwei", but each selecting its own favourite branches, or, as I recommend, by both united. This variety in the means of study is not inconsistent with unilbrmily in the (jiuilitications recpiired by the general superintending body. The Univer- sity must still regidate the choice of departments which it would pennit, the relative values which it w»»uld iussign to each, and the uniform stan- dard of proficiency in each, which it recpiired iis a qualification for its degi'ee or its honoi-s. A high honor at Cambridge hiu< a definite and well appreciated value, though one man obtiuned it in mathematics ulone, and another by classics ; and the Loudon M.A. is ecpially valuable, whether obtained on an examination in Classics, Mathematics, or Mental antl Moral Sciences. 2. It is based upon tlie extremest views of decentralizjition. Dr. Cook iulmits the greater stimulus to intellectiml activity in a numerously at- tended institution, but thinks it counterbalanced by a greater chance of moral corniption. I am by no means sure that a youth, who ha.s soon to go out into the world without any control, is not the better for a pre- pai'atory training amongst those of his own age, with such supei-vision as can always be exercised in. a College ; and tiiat a higher tone of morality may not be cultivated under the influence of the ])ublic opinion of a large body, than by mixing only with a limited society. I am very sure that if he has mixed freely with men of various habits of thought, and various religious denominations, if he has met upon equal terms with his superioi-a and his inferioi*s, both in intellectual |x>wer and worldly position, if he has seen bright examples to emulate as well as evil ones to avoid, he will be a better member of society, and freer from those petty prejudices which idways grow up in a narrow circle, and not the least so in a strictly denominational College. But as a question of education, in the sense of acquiring knowledge, there can be doubt at all. One young man of really superior attainments exercises an excitmg influence, both uiwn his fellow students and his teachei's, whicli you can rarely hope to find 44 In a small body, JElinulation i.s the great Hpui*, cflpecially amongst tlie young, and the larger the body of competitors the greater is the emulation excited. Tlie reason is plain. The best man in twenty, having no one further to contend with, is ajjt to be content with, and over-estimate his position ; but bring him into com[)etition with live more men similarly situated, each urges the other on, and you obtain live men in the hundi'ed, each superior to what he would have been in the nan'ower sphere. The mere encounter of such men at an annual examination is not sufficient, it is the daily contest in the lecture room which keep up an animation in their studies. But it is not only from studying the common College course, not even with the emulation of the common lecture room, that the great benefit of a University education is derived. In the free intercoui-se of the College every student tinds some o;ie well informed upon a subject of which he is comparatively ignorant, and gets indications which help and direct him in his private studiea He learns to appreciate talent, and to have a taste and respect for learning, even when he does not him- self excel. He comes out from College a man of enlarged and cultivated mind, which no number of books of Livy, or propositions of Euclid would ever have made him. These advantages can be but partially obtained in a small community, and though small Colleges will doubtless continue to exist for local and denominational I'easons, and perhajw not without some special advantages, I cannot think it a commendable scheme, which would systematically break up the youth, who seek a College education, into numerous small societies.* (3.) But if this decentralizing system is bad in itself, even if all were amply endowed ; to divide a limited sum so that no College would be efficiently supj)orted, must be %tal to the sui)erior education of the country. It is idle to say that because Victoria and Queen's are the only bodies petitioning, they alone, with the addition j)erhai)s of Trinity, would claim a share. When the principle was once established, Knox's College and other institutions, now existing only as Theological Schools, would establish secular chairs and assert their right to a free distribution. Nor would the demand be confined to colleges connected with a particu- lar religious persuj»sion. Local interests would come into play, and eveiy large town would claim to have its college. Already there are in Upper Canada twelve institutionp of this kind in existence, or with charters of incorporation, and this y sar two new ones have sent in memorials to obtain a share with Kingston and Cobourg of the Government allowance. Dr. Cook thinks that he has provided a remedy m jjrevent them from becoming too numerous, but even the existing ones he can only support by cutting off from the teaching staff several departments, which, though Dr. Ryerson (p. 42 C. P.) appears to think that his argument in favour of a great nura- ber of small scattered colleges, in preference to one central one, is supported by the fact of there being a great many small CoUegps at Oxford and Cambridge. Now even there the superiority of the large colleges as places for study, is evident from the greater pro- portionate number of first class honor men that they produce. Thus, at Cambridge the two large colleges, Trinity and St. John's, form about half the University, and the fifteen small colleges the other half (the numbcrof entries as given by Dr. Ryerson— from Heywood —were 248 and 251 respectively) ; but the first-class honor men during the last ten years sent out by the two large colleges were to those from the fifteen small as 3 to 2. But besides this, It must b« remembered that all these small colleges are congregated together in one country town, with the freest intercourse of the students amongst each other, and that the advantage of the competition of numbers is almost as much felt as if the whole University were oue college. , . -. m 4» thought iiunocessary oi' even injurious at Quocn's, arc fostered and encoU raged by the British Commissionei-s. Di-. llyeixon, h()wevt'r, cont('in|)lateH witli satisfaction the jK)SsiWe establishment of 10 Faculties in conipetinj^ C'oUeges, each as he proposes I'eceiving £I,r»0(>. What sort of a tcachinjj; staff' they could afford to maintain, is evident from the eomplaints of Queen's and Victoria that their present means ai-e inachnpuite. For it must be rememb(>r((d that if the (Jovernment aid is proposed t(» be in- creased, the means suppli(>d by voluntary contributions would be dinun- ished ; not only because it is the tendency of all Govorium'nt assistance to ))aralyse individual lil>eriility, Imt also because this source of income would be exhausted. The numlici' of young nu'u who seek, or can sjiare time for, a ('oUegt; career is linuted in all coujitries, and a inultiplicati(»n of (JoUeges wo\dd not bring an e(|ual increase of students ; the receipts from fees would therefore bt^ reduced. Denomuiational piety and imlividual liberality have also their bounds, and the majority of men who wouhl contribute to such ptu'poses have already done what they can afford. What aid could be expected from Municipalities to Institutions, from which the bulk of the jx^ople would derive no innnediati; advan- tage, may \n\ judged from the starving condition of our Grammar Schools. Otlier sources of inconu^ to supplement the Government grant being dricid up, we sliould have ten or fifteen miserable at- temj)ts at a colleg(% and should hav<^ destroyed as noble an endowment as any young country ever possessed. Nor can T see any safeguard in Dr. (Jook's tests of the efficiency of the colleges. A certain innnber of jirofessoi-s is to be re(puied. F'l'ofessors will not b(^ wanting if .£l,/)00 is to 1)0 divided amongst them ; but as to the efficiency of the pr(»fes.soi"s, it may be as difhcult to determine that by legislation as it has been foun P5 a t-i s: tf) Ul H 1 SQ ^ ■tia|j a aria ti aaeaadti •IP'K lOJIuilO *3«-o ?J ^(CWicoO«F^ sa leoi FN i a .L •Xa.iHang n»|U||j SBSB a i a laaat ?; is***- asB^ aa'iaa'" imiJuoii itij|p..iv N t -t ■• *i :-r-e«aticr . . I"! 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S » s .3 K -^ q o c a o> e o « I. g « B O « e< n « O g <0 c 5; = " « t ^ a) -- •a !> 2— " § = §■=; •- ?"=^S «• (n M OS ♦* fe £ S £ .S ^•- '■.■5I' 1 '''o I I. I. I If 49 II, Final Statermnt by Mr. Lanyton, made bf/ore the Committee, the : ■ ■ '. '■ ' - 2Gth April. •''> ' '-i "'"; If. T can acquit myself of having given rise to any of the peraonalitiefl which have uufortiiuattfly been introduced into the present invoMtigation. The i)etitioner8 have brought forward certain argunientH against the pre- Hcnt constitution and management of the University, which I have met, with wluit HUcccHH it is for the committee to judge. They have also adduced certain statt^ments of fact and figures, to the accuracy of which F have demurred, but I have stilted my objections a.s temperately as is con- sisttmt with my distinct denial of their truth. No attempt has been made to impugn the con'ectnoss of the figures I have given, — I allude j)rincipally to my statements as to the comparative cost of our Professor- ships, Kxaminations, and Hcholarships, as compared with those of other Uiiivei'sities ; but Dr. Ryei*s(»n has accused me of misleading the Com- mitti. f , ', . ^ . ■ ( I i ,1 ; ::••:' ^ : 1 ->-, V. • Vide evidence of B. A. Merertant prominence by the general nature of the evidence already given by Dr. Ryerson, and produced at liia suggestion, than even by the use he has made of quotations fi'om this slight article — that part at least of the otherwise unaccountable conduct he is now pui'suing in his assault on our Univei"sity system must be ascribed to his ignorance of the details of a College and Unive .^ ^/ course, consequent on his never having enjoyed the advantage of a University «;ducation. I say this in no dispai'agement of Dr. Ryei-son ; for if it were possible by such means to account for all that is othei-wise indefensible in the courae he has puraued before this Committee, his eiToi"s would be venial indeed. For it can be charged as blamable to no man, that he received his educatit)n in this j)rovince at a time when there was scarcely a gi'ani- mar . chool within its bordei-s. He is not to blame for this. But he is to blame for insisting on laying down the law on mattei-s in which he has not had the slightest experience, juid to men who have been trained in the best Univei-sities of Great Britain. To this cause I must asciibe the fact that Dr. Ryei-son was manifestly unaware of the distinction very clearly appai'ent to all familiar with the English Univeraity system, that my remai'ks I'eferred exclusively to honour men. I am confirmed in this belief by the quotation of another passjige, from the very next page in A^luch I referred to the fact that Oxford and Cam- bridge iurnish piofessoi"s of chissics and mathematics — their own special departments, — to all schools and colleges of the empire. But what ha.s this to do with Dr. Ryerson's views on options, matriculation, &c. 1 The present professor of niathematics in Edinburgh University, was a senior wrangler of Cambridge — the highest honour man of his year ; but does Dr. Ryei-son, therefore, assume that the poll men, who constitute the great majority of Cambridge students, would form "highly qualified teachei-s" even for common schools? And yet when I remember that in a letter Dr. Ryerson has given in evidence relative to his own scheme foi- grammar school scholarshij>s in Univei-sity College, he actunlli/ proposes to compfete tlieir tohole coilei/e education in a single year^^ I may assume * Rxtract from a letter addressed to the Chancellor of the University of Toronto^ by the Kev. Dr. Ryerson, March 23rd, 1857, containing his "Suggestions for the establishment of Exhibitions in University College, for Masterships of Grammar Schools ; each to be of the value of £50, and tenable for one year only," " Each Exhibition to be bestowed upon the following conditions : " 1, — The Exhibitioner must have taught a Common School in !'ppcr Canada ; " 2. — He must have attended the Provmcial Normal School at least one session ; " 3. — He must have been recommended by the Council of Public Instruction ; " 4. — He must engage to teach a Grammar School in Upper Canada for at least three or four years ; and provide security for the fulfilment of this promise, or refund the amount of his Exhibition, with interest. " 0/w of 'he nuMt preatinff wants of tht Oramnuir Scliooln, u that of dull/ (fualified Matters. Several of the Schools are now closed on that account— the Boards of Trustees tieinff unable to procure Masters qualified according to law. " In our present Normal and Model Schools, and in our proposed Grammar School, the Exhibitioners would receive a thorough preparatory training, both as students and 54 fcliat tic did so untircly miHUudoi-stand me an to intoi'prct my remarks as equally applicable to every graduate of Cambridge or Oxford. It could not ueed the weight of any teatimony from me to coufirm the value of the language of Plato and Aristotle, or of Cicero and Tjicitus ; nor was it for any such pui"iK)se it was quoted; but to make me apixjar, j)er force, i\n a witness in favour of the line of argument by which Dr. R,yt!i-son hits endeavoured to discredit the system of options adopted by the ITnivei-aity of Toronto. The truth is, it is just because Latin was almost the sole huiguage in which all works on Theology, Philosophy and Science were written ; iuid that Aristotle constituted the recognised foun- tain heiul from whence they drew, that in the IGth and 17th centui'ies (Jxford wisely gave the jn-e-eiuineace to chussical studies in her Univei'sity curriculum ; and it is just because tliis has ceased to be the case, tmd that German and French are now the keys to so much modern Philosophy and Science, that all wise Univei-sity reformers are learning to give to modern hmguages the i)lace they justly claun in a liberal education. A stramje contrast. , In calling in qiiestion the system of options introduced into our Uni- vei'sity, Dr. Ryei'son contiusted in very strong and unfavoumble terms the iidvantages enjoyed by the students of Yale and Hai^vard Colleges in the United States, with the inferior and lowering system of Toronto University. He hius spoken of Harvard and Yale, as if these American Colleges presented a couree of instnictiou alt»'. Ryerson'f Reply — Evidence, p. 141. 65 instructors. Harvai-d is no better off", and the state of other colleges through the country, many of which derive instructoi-s from these two New England coUe^ -s, may be ejisily inferred." >. , i Such is the impartial testimony of an Americaxi scholar with respect to those very American colleges which Dr. Ryerson has found it suit his puiiMJSe to laud, in contrast with Toronto Univei-sity ; the gi-aduates of which, I hesitate not to say, would not only compare favouiably, but would contrast strikingly in their attainments with the graduates of either Yale or Harvard. I may lemark also that it is a curious illustration of Dr. Ryerson's knowledge of tluj requisites of a univei-sity scheme of education, to find him urging that whereas for a particular examination we na^i'j ceiiain definite and prescribed portions of books on which the student shall be examined — thei'eby guaranteeing that those jK)rtionH shall be well and thoroughly got \l\^ — Hai-vard requii'es the "whole" of Cjesar, and the "whole" of Li\y, ttc, instead of prescribing, in accorduiR'c with the practice of all the British Universities, certain ]K)rtions, and iiscertaining by examination that the student has thoroughly mastered them. Unwise, because iinteruihle Charyes. A great deal of work has been made in this ilisciission about the (pxestion of options. But I almost venture to think, from what I have alrea^ly seen in relation to the feelings of gentlemen on both sides, that by this time there are some of those engaged in advocating the caxise against which I have to defend Univei-sity College, who regi'et that this question of options wa.s ever brought uj), or that they baaed their claims on imten- abl'> charges against us. You have before you the representatives both f)f Queen's ju)d Victoria Colleges, and had th(!y ap])eai"ed \ww — as, had they been left to their own unbiiised judgment, I believt; tliey would have done— presenting their claims in the aspect in which Pr. Cook is now prepared to rest his cause ; and saying : Univei'sity educatinii ought to be denominational, and that .£2,')00 added to the aninud income of Queen s College, Kingston, would be a great advanfcjige its funds; these are simple pi*0})ositions which you could have discusseil = !ii|Hrately and im- partially, and which we might have found it difficult etiectuallx to resist. But those gentlemen, the repi'csentatives of Queen's imi Victoria Colleges, have been betrayed against their better judgments into ' lingiijg uj) a set of charges against the University and Univei"sity College s, £1000 sterling, at college, to make up his mind what his special profession in life may be. But that is not what Canada requii-es. We want an educational institution which .shall train our young men for the practical duties of life. And when the Legislature of Cantula established anew Toronto Univei-sity and University College, on the modern system of the University of Ijondon, I (U)ubt not you endeavoui-ed to select men to whose judgment you could entruHt the ai ningement of their details. For I must crave your attention for a moment, while I correct an error, forced upon your acceptance in various forms. Neither the Senate of the Univeixity nor the Colleg** Couiicil liave presumed to dictate a system of educatit)n to this Pj ovincc* By the solemn Act of the Lt'gis- latuvp, pa.s.sed in 18.')3, the old system wiis abolished ; and in lieu of its exclusively cliussical and mathematical ti'aining, the Legislature estab- lished chairs of Natural Seii'uces, Modern Languages, English Literatute and Hi.stoiy ; and prescribed to the UniAei-sity of Toronto, that of Lon- don as its model. In full accordance with this, therefore, the Senate have aimed at estal>lishing such a system of options as shall jmictically carry out the wislies of the Lej^islature, and i of Senate, our names are to be found frequently on its sederunts ! I confess I have exposed myself to this charge. It has not been my ju'actice to accept tlie membei-shij) of any Board without intend- ing to fulfil its duties. During the whole time that I have been a member of the Senate, I believe I have only been absent twice fi'om its meetings, and on those two occasions from indisposition ; and from the meetings of the College Council during the seven yeai-s that I have been a member of that body, I have, I believe, only been absent once. My colleagues could render a similar account of their stewardship. We have fulfilled our duties carefully and patiently, and have earnestly tried to mature a system of study adajited for Canada ; neither taking Oxford, nor Dublin, nor the Scottish Univei-sities, nor the Queen's University of Ireland, as oiir sole model ; but tiying to get from each what was spe- cially fitted for the requirements of this new country, which occupies a position different from all. 77a|)er programme. We have therefore adapted our entrance examination to the schools of the country ; and you heard yesterday the clear testimony of the Princi|Mil of Queen's College in favour of the course we have pureued ; Dr. Cot)k liaving shown there that practical sense, and that appreciation of the true us|)ects of a collegiate system, designed, not for a class, but for the {)eople Matrieulutiou : — Greek and Latin languages, in 1847 t Homer, Iliad, B. I. Homer, Odyssey, B. IX. f Xenophon, Anabasis. B. I. t Lucian, Vita, Charon, ami Timoii. t Virgil, iEneid, B. IL Horace, Odes, B. I. t Sallust, Bellum Catiliiiarimu. + Ovid, Fa«ti, B. I. Translation into Latin verse. t Translation into Latin prose. t The gul^ects marked thus are neceuary for passiug. X "E. A. Merredith, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin, examined ;~ Qua. 622. — Did you obtain honors in that University ] ^rw.— Yes, I obtained honors in tlie University at almost all the examinations of the undergraduate course, both in classics and matliematics, also a scholarship in classics, and a medal in science at the degree examination, besides some other honors. Qtie». 624. —Have you compared the matriculation examination of the University ot Toronto with those prescribed in other universities, and what is your opinion of tiieir comparativt standards ! Ant. — I have compared it with the matriculation examinations at Cambridge, London, 0>rk, Belfast and Dublin. It seems to me to be about equal to Cambridge, rather graater than London, gieater than Cork, less than Belfast, and less than Dublin." It thus appears that, instead of towering the standard, the present ntatriculatiou exami.! nation is higher than that of the University named in the act, viz., Loudon. 61 for l>|nis (ieiit it«» or tli<' thf tin- lit large, which I Mhonlil have ex])ected from h gentleman educated in n Scottish Univei-Hity. * '' t •■VI- •" The SijHtein of Oplimus. ■ With n^gard to options, our aim has heen in like manner to devise nuch a c(»iu*8e of Htudy iw would [«*ove an effective goxirce not only of intellectual culture, but would prepart! the yfnith of Canada for the practical rd and (Jand»ridgt! — a system which the (Jhief Superintendent of Education seems disposed to dictate to us and to y«m? In reference to the wholes system of options, I am aurprisetl that the gentlemen who lulvocate the interests of Victoria and Queen's Colleges fail to perceive that, so far from involving any injustice to affiliated col- leges with an inferior staff to Univei*sity College, they are the veiy means of jdacing all on an eqimlity. Under the Univei-sity system of options, ii college with only nuithematical, cla.s8ical, and mental ])hilo80i)hy chaii's, may send its men to comj)eto for Hi-st claws honoi-s, and to carry off the chiHsical or mathematical scnolanships, against the best of Univei»ity (Jollego students with all their lulvantages of Modern Languages and Natural Sciences, which are unavailable in these s|)ecial comjKJtitions. Permit nii; to adil that no opinion is more unfounded than that which supposes that t\w Professoix of University College desire any mono|)oly of the Univei-sity of Toronto, its examinatorshii»s, scholai-ships, or other l>rivilegcs. The very aiticle refernnl to by Dr. Ryerson wjus written with the eanu'st desire to bring aliout a union of (Canadian Colleges under one Univei-sity — as I venture to hopci may be ptu-ceived by any candid reader who will jmruse it as a whole, and not in imperfect and detached extnicts. Members of the iSenate. , But it is a singularly one siiled view of the ciise for the advocates of the interests of Victoria College to protest indignmitly at certain Pi'ofes- soi-s of University College — four in all — being mlmitted to the Senate of the University to which their College is attached, and for which alone it can traui its students, while there were sitting on that sjime board the members of another, and independent University which disclaimed all collegiate relation to it. Before Univei'sity College had more than its President peration. Never- theless, the Senate, in its anxious desii-e to secure a thoroughly impartial system of examinations, hius, in spite of those obstacles, ap|)ointed Pro- fessoi-s of both Victoria and Queen's Colleges as its examinei's, jus it lists selected othei's wherever they could be found at once competent and im))artial. Xo Mo]io])oli/ Desired. Again, U^t me say for myself and my colleagues in University (Jollege, we have no desire to monopolize the emlowments of the Provincial Univei'sily. Let th«^ just and proper costs riution, we Mhould make up the difference out of our own ludarieH ; but alHo with the proviHo tliat, if we were able to reti-ench, we Hhould luive liberty U) exfiend the balanc«> in improving the etKciency of the iuHtitution. At preiteiit, it m provided that, if we mtve any money, it in i>idy tlmt thereby it may )>unm away for ever frtyn the funds of the luHtitution to which we l>elong. We ar«^ men, and that mu«t be an iniwi«c HyHtem U> place uh under which provider that the more we economise, the more w»t lose. S/uUl we revive State-Chuivh Volleyf^ / ■ But it dooH not follow, becuumi we 8ay we have n«» desire to hhIc a dollar moiT than Ih absolutely neceHHaiy for our fair and legitimate ex|»en- diture — it doeM not necesmirily follow that the Uuivei-Hity Act of IH.).'^ designed, or that wise |H)licy re(|uiriM, tlmt the HurpluH siiuuld be ex|>ended on denominational cullegeH. fn the memorial presented on behalf of the Wesleyan Methodist Oonferencie to the Legislative Assendily, praying for an investigation into the manner in which the Univei'sity Act Iuin Vuien administered, the memorialists dtnjlare their entire approval of our Cana- dian "National 8ch«K»l System." N evert heleas, they attirm that "tlir same considerations of titneas, ec(»nomy, and iMtriotisni whicii justify the State in co-operating with each school municipality to 8upi>ort a day school, nnpiire it to co-operate with each religious (lersutision, according to its own educational works, to support a college. The exjterience of all Protestant countries shows that it is, and luu* l>eeu iw much the province of a religious persiuision to estjiblish a college, as it is for a school nmni cij»ality to establish a day school ; and the same exj»erieuce shows that while pa.Htoml and parentiil care can be exercised for the religious instruc- tion of children re^iiding at home and att(auliug a day school, that care cannot be exercised over youth residing away from home, and pursuing their higher education (except in a college where the jNustoral and parental care can be daily combined." That the experience of all Protestant countries is entirely misrepre- sented in the alx)ve statement, I think might tUniost be api)ealed to tlu! common sense intei'pretation of it. Wlutt is the relation between school nnuiicipalities and religit)us ]»ersua.sions / Is there any relation between the superior body, a religious peixuaaion, and the inferior body, a school municipality \ The relation between a denominational body, such jw the Wesleyan Methodists, the United Presbyterians, i\w. Church of England, or the Church of Scotland, and an inferior body, is tlu; relation between that denomination and its ViU'ious congregations. And nioreov«T that is the very jn-inciple whicli the Protestiint and Roman Catholic atlvocates of Separate Schools ai"(; maintaining. We have in Tonmto, besides Univer- sity College, Trinity College, wliich will give a degree to no man who does not declare himself a member of the Church of England ; and different congit'gations of that body, Holy Trinity, St James's and St. George's, are maintaining denominational schools, and are trying, under the guidance of able legal advisers, to prove that they have a right to a Separate School fepre- J, it iH lliuuld 66 Syatemj ami such in truly tli«i lojiicul Ibllowing out of the argument pro- posed in the memorial of tlic Wcsli-yHii C'onierencc. But th»Te is io reality no relation between u rtdi)(iou« (ieiiorninulion and a municipality. The analogy of a municipality witli its Common and (Jrummar Schools carriew uh at om-e to a Provincial Univci-Hity iw the «uj)enor Imdy. Hritlsli f'nu'frsitf/ /ic/onnH. A'l: But let MM' tiini to another view of thecase'in relation to the Mupijosed teachings of the modem experience of protestaiit countrieH. Let me refer to the recent IFniverHity reforms at home. An apjteal to the examples of Oxford and (!amhridge on those points, is out of ])lace in the present enquiiT— if for no other reiwon — on this ground, that so far are these from being educational in.stitutions, open to the people at large, they have been until recently exclusively, and are still to a givat extent, limited to one fiivourcd (h-nomination,* while they iire accessible to the wealthy alone- -the lowest estimated cost for a student dun'ng th«! aca(h'mic year being %7-H). Nevertheless, although they are still recognised appendages of the Church of F^ngland, thi; whole tendency of recent changes has been towards the removal of their denominational feattires, and their restom- tion to the nation at large, witlumt distinction of sect or party. • In tlincuHHiii^' this (|uestion of Tfufn, tlio all important distinction between tests /»»• TrarhevH, and testa /«»■ Stiutnilx was evaded. Dr. Ryerson ((uoteM a statute abolishing the Ji. A. test at Oxt'ord, and tlien triiiiuplianlly exuiaims : {Jiridi'iirt, />. 151.) " So, Sir, even at Oxford ittteIC, Uiat Alma Mater of the ' IlelicH of the dark ages,' this tost has been abolished. !n tlie Scottish rniversities, while //(« ^'.f^ has been done away with too, the (Jliurch of Scotland has a Theologieal Faculty just as the Church of England iijis Theological Professors at Oxford." This reference to " tlic T 66 r*? In Scotland, however, where the Universities are strictly peoj)le's colleges, adapted to the educational wants, and to the ]iecnniary means of the great mass of the community, recent prooccdinf^s furnish the best illustration of " the experience of Protestant countries," in reference to its being the *' supposed province of a religious persua.sion to establish a College." The Scottish Presbyterian Church bt'ing the h^gally recognised religious persuasion of that country, its Church Courts exercised the denominational oversight over the colleges of the country ; and no Pro- fessor could be inducted into a Chair without first signing the Westminster Confession of Faith. Ihe consequence wa.s, that during the greater part i)f the present century the denominational restrictions thus imposed on Professors came to be recognised as the greattistof educatio.ial grimrtnces, and a serious bar to the filling of University chairs with the men best qualified for the various branches of .secular education. 15ut an important religious revolution took place in Scotland within the lii.st ((uarter of ii century, by the disruption between the Scottish Established Church, and that large body of conscientious non-conformists, who se])arfited from it on important questions, not of doctrine, but of disciplin.' and relation to the Sta>e ; and that body, the Fioe Chui'ch, showed tlieir iiriictici.l zeal and earnestness by raising £30,000, with which tliey erected tln! New College, Edinburgli, a beautiful and ornate building — designed to be not a nien> theological, but a comjilete collegiat(> institution for secular training. Chaii-s of natural history, logic, metiiphysies, anil moral pliilosopliy, wen^ filled by able men, for whom salaries were j>rovided on a nion^ liberal scale than those now paid to the Professors of Univei-sity College, Toronto ; — a chair of chemistry was also in coutemjjlation ; and a coin])l(^te nrganisa tion was thus pi'ovided for the permanent establishment of a rival denomi- national college. Fortunately for Scotland, at this sti!,,e of her University system, the Act wa-s piussed which, by abolishing all religious tests forseculai- chairs, entirely deprived them of their denominational cli tracter. In the Scottish universities a« now constituted, the Theological i'aculty exists as a part of the Established Church; but in the Faculties of Ai-t, Law, and Medicine, every trace of denominational oversight hits be.'n removed. And what is the result ? How did the judgment and discretion of Protestantism in Scotland ])ron(mnce on the system ? The result has been that the New College, Edinburgh, hiis ceaseil to be more than a Theological College for the clergy of its owii church. The chairs of Moral Philosophy, Metiiphysies, and Natural History, su'ii'ssiAely l)ecame vacant, and v.ere not filled up ; the students of that denomination, iis of all other Scottish denominations, i tsceive all their secular ( ducation in the common halls of the University of Edinburgh ; and it is regarded by every layman in Scotland, be he Churchman or Dissenter, as one of the g'.eatcst blessings of the Scottish University system, that men, whatever be their opinions, and Ihose qualifying to be clergymen, foi" whatever church intended, ai'e trained in the same UMiversity halls, undei-tlie .same rule ; .so that those who ai'e to i,!ix afterwards in the various walks of life, in the discharge of its great ami practical duties .shall hot inherit little sectional prejudices, which under the best dentmiinatioiuil systetn men must acquiix», when trained exclusively among those of tlieir own peculiar opinion.s.* But no one, familiar with Scotland, will say that men • Ir !£'!*' a series of letters was publislietl by the Kev. Dr. lljersoii, mldrtssod to tJie Hon. ami Kev. Dr. Strachan. One of these letters, Vllf., is dcvctufl to Thi' ruirrrnittt : 87 imdor that tvitiuirij:^ grow uj) iiiditt'erent m t<> (lonuininational views, or less ciiriw'Ht iiiid siiicfie in tlusir religious o|tini(i.i.s, or that they lapse into any Inkc^wavin indilierence which sacrifices faith and conscience ; but, on the contrary, morality and religion tiourish best under that very non- dciKtuiiiuitional system. The liust relic of tiie denominational university system of Scotland, in connexion witii her secular ethication, has been swept away during the pa,st year, by the Act wiiich throws the Principalships of the Universities cpcn ti> iiiymcn, without resjtect to their denominational views or religious ((pillions. Now, accordingly, in the Scottish Univer,sitie8, as in our ('anadian I'l-nvincial ('oUege, "no religious tests or professions of religious faith are recjuired of any jirofessor or lecturer, nor are any religioiis okservances, jvccording to tlie forms of any particular religious denomina- tion, im]»oscd on th'MU." The precise word.s of the Toronto University Act would, in fact, etpially a])ply to the Faculties of Arts, Law, and MiHJicine, in the Scottish Universities. Thus all denominational over- sight and control have been withdniwn from them. I,s (kiuadd fo Hetni'ii. to (lie ii'(>r)i-oiil Si/sleiii of Medievdl J'^urope/ Yet what has been abandoned there, y<»ur Superintemlent of Education urges you t^i ]>erpetuate June, along with the Acts and O])ponencies, the Optiines and Kesponsions iidierited from mcdiovul centuries by Oxford and Cambridge. lit (Jreat Britain mo.st of the older tulucatiimal institu- tions were fmii>dcd l(efore it was a Protestant country, and all of them in (•(onifxion with an established Church. The cxehi.sive princi|)les on which such were administered, in England especially, compelled the con- scientious nonconformists to establish schools and colleges of their own ; not because they objected to the national Universities, l)ut because they were forcibly excluded from them. But it surely would be a strange in- fatuation for a new country like (Janada, altogether free from that element wliicli now shackles and complicates eveiy effort in Great Britain for tho developmeJit of a truly national system of public instruction, to ti'ausplaut ami the terms iii wliicli Oxford and Caiiibiidge are tliere condemnetl as utterly unfit to be tlie models for Canada contrast straiij,'ely witli their laudation now, as the perfection of all exami)lar8. An extract or two may be of use to throw light on the singular changes that have since talcen place : " So bound uji m bigotry were the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and so opposed to evangelical piety, that Locke, that great light of his day, and benefactor of the literary and Christian world, was expelled from their priest-governed halls ; and the memorable John Wesley, together with several otliers, equally eminent for their holy deportment, sharctl the same fate, for singing hymns, reading and expounding the scriptures m private houses." A lleviev/ article is then ([uoted with entire approval, a.s stating, " without the least fear of coutnulictiou, that there is absolutely no religiou taught, and no attention to its observances inculciited," notwithstanding tho daily attendance ut chapel, and othe" pro- visions for their own denomination at Oxford and Cambridge. But tlie following double quotation is much more compi'ohensive in its bearings. Addressing the Hon. and Kev. Dr. Stradian, he proceeds; " You say, - ' In Edinburgh, Episcopalian youth go to the University for science and literature, but for religious instruction they attend Dr. Walker, an eminent divine belong- ing to'the Episcoi)al (Church.' Whii man not Einscopalian, (/.t well as the imith of other ilcnomiiKifioHti, Ijeins/viidciluflvr a 'finiitar urranijement hi Canada >" — Dr. Ryeriona Let- ters, p. to. Whence the marvellous change of sentiments siuee the above pertinent question was asketl! • -^ = ' • - • - " ••' (>8 to its free soil the rival sectarian educational institutions which are only defensible by rojuton of the injustice that closed the halls of Oxford and (Janibridg(! against all but the iulhercnts of one favourtnl church. But the most recent action in England has been toag/eat (extent in the strictly non-denouiinati(nial direction ; and since the estiiblishnient of the University of London on a truly liberal and national basis, colleges have lieen founded and liberally endowed, entirely independentof denominational contntl or supervision, such as those of H\dl, Wakefield, Cheltenham and Manchester. Univei-sity (Jollege, London, had already been estab- lished by private enterprise, l)efore the State provid«Hl tlu? re(|uisite ITni- vei-sity organisation. But that done, tin? separatt^ colleges, whether denominational or otherwi.se, were left in Britain to rely for their supjiort on the liberality of a wealthy countiy. In Injland, however, it was otherwise ; for there, jih in (Canada, the jirivate wealth was wanting, and the Stjite founded and endowed botli the (/olleges and the Univei-sity, and placed their hon(n-s and advantages alike free to all. Such institutions tluf State may justly endow with public funds, and it is for the members of a. free community for whom such inestimabU- advantages are secured, to place such national institutions under the control of a governing Board, which shall adequately represent the wishes and desires of a Christian pe()})le in relation to all tlu^ es.seiitial iioii-.sectarian questions which pertivin to th(^ disci[)line and traijn'ng of the rising gene- ration. But in a free countiy like oui-s, where the separation between Church and State is absolute, the existence of a Church Institution, sup- ported by the State, is an incmiriniity ; the siqiervision of it by the State is an impossibility. l)enomi)ifitioniil VoJleyps mid their Tps(s. The tendencies suggested by modern expericnci^ in relation to national Univeraities and superior educati "blic grief not often manifested t'veii for Scotland's most gifted sons — }>.t that man was long shutout from honors justly his chu*, and many students were deprived of his instructions in his favourite science, because he was too conscientious to mak(^ falsely or carelessly a declaration of faith in tlu* prescrilnul tests of the dominant Church. It was not l»ecause he was indirt'erent to religion that ho was thus excluded, for no more (tamest (Jhrislian was to be found among British scientific men ; and when at length bottei' tinu'scame, and sueh anti(piated altsurdities of* the dark ages were swept away by the iil)olitionof all rtiligious tests in the Scottish Univt'i-sities, he was appointed to a chair in his own (Jniversity of Edinburgh ; and was acknowledged there, not only as one of the most distinguished men of science, but as one i»f ihe most upright and ccmseientious (Christian men of his day. But, again, it is affirmed that Victoria ('ollege is not sectarian, but ])ro- vincial, because, it is said, the President of the Executive (Council, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and other high official dqjnitaries are named on the t'ollemf Board. Misrht it iK>t be well to aMcei-tain how often th«!y are naniecl on its sederunts ? 1 )»ut the question to to the Rev. Mr. Ormiston, formerly a. Professor of Victoria (,'ollege, and his answer was that during tlie years he sat on its board he never saw one of them, or heard of their b(!ing summoned to its meetings. For any practical piu-- pose, therefore, the Archbishop of ( 'anterbury, or the Lord High (Jhaii- ceUor of England might as well be named for the diit^ . But meanwhile, this is nnqnestionable, that the Victin-ia College Board is one of the Com- mittees annually ajipointed liy the Wesleyau Methodist Conference, and that no man cm be appointed to one of its Chairs who does not satisfy tlie requirements of the (Jonference, or its .q))iointed delegates ; i.or can any doubt exist that the whoh* management is in the hands of the Wes- leyau denominiition, — ii. (Christian body justly held in admiration for its earnest z<*al and self-denying missionary labours ; but not therefore to be selected from among othei- denominations for State patronage, or educa tional oversight, in a country where all connexion between Church and State has been utte)"ly abolished. ' ' Victoria Co/te/je. In "Victoria College there is, of course, no test for students. Tt Is only too well known, that — not in Methodist Collegtis only, but also in Roman Catholic Colleges — all are welcome who ai'e prepared to submit to tlieii- teaching. But from the return mad(* to Parliament in 18."")(), the denomi- national statistics present the significant figures relative to tlu^ matricu- lated students of Vii-toria ("ollege of twenty-eight Wesleyau Methodists to three Presbyterians, one Clmreli of England, and one Bajttist. Or, again, taking the whole pujtils in the institution, tluire were only ."5!) be 70 lougliig to other denominations, including children at the ])rei)aratory school, while lilO were Wesleyan Methodists. It is stjited in the Confer- ence INIeiiKjrial that no aid is asked "towju'ds the supjiort of any Theo- logical tSchool or Theological Chair in Victoria College ;" and Mr. Nellea, in aii.swer to the question, " Is there any Theological Chair, or Divinity students in Victoria College'/" replies: "Neither. We have students attending the College who are preparing for the ministry, but are not pursi'ing theological studies, but geuei'al .studies ; and are not known in the College as Divinity .students, but as general students. They receive no allowance or consideration from the funds in any shape whatever." It appears, however, from the 7th of the Miscellaneous Resolutions adopted by the Wesleyan Conference at its last meeting, that "when preaclun's on trial are allowed to attend Victoria College for two years during their probation, the two years shall l)e counted but as one year in their jn'oba- tion." Again, in answer to the thirteenth (juestion : — " How are the ministers and preadiers .stationed for the ensuing year f ' " Under-grad- uatesand students' to the number of twenty, are named in the "Coboiirg District" as at Victoria College. In the previous year, lHi)8, they num- bered seventeen ; and in the report furnished by the President of Vic- toria Coll(!ge to the Conference in the same year, he remarks : "Judging from ])reseiit indications, the CjUege is destined tt) furnish very valuable accessions to the Christian Ministry, and the attention of the Conference and the Church is earnestly invited to this importjint rt'sult, as a reason forraore ardent and united exertions in behalf of the IiLstitution. ' It is obvious, therefore, that whatever difference may be entertained a*t to the designation of "preachers on trial during their probation" at Victoria College, that is the Wesleyn' denominational college. It supplies for the Wesleyan Methodist Church the same purpo.ses as Queen's College does for the Presbyterian (•luirch of Canaila, Accordingly, in the same report of the Princi})al of Victoria College to the Wesleyan Conference, Mr. Nelles, says : "It is necessary to show that our college is a coiniexionuf necessity — that it is ua essential ])(( ft n/ otir machi'ner)/ as a Church — that without it we shall either lose our youth, or retain them in a state of mental and social inferiority — that without it our ministers will sutler in numbers and ethciency — thiit withoxit it in fine, we shall be unequal to the great work Cod has assigned us in Christianising this extensive country." , Secturinn or DenohdiuUio'iUil I Wc may disjiute about the meaning of .siich terms a.s sectarian and denominational, but if a college; is a "connexional necessity," and if the mnnber of ministers of the denomination fall off if that college be not supported, it jnatters little ))y what convenient name yoii may agree to designate it. But when ycm remember that this college is conneqted with one of the most influential and mo.st earnest religious communities in tiie countiy, whose zeal in sustaining mi.ssions and a mimerous body of cler- gymen, and in all the onerous duties of a Christian Church, is unsurpassed by any denomination in the Province, and yet that this college cjimiot obtain the means of support, — it proves that, while .some leaders of the body, or some officials of the college, niay regard it as a coimexional 71 necessity, the pcojjle at large are of a different opinion ; and, a.s is shown even by the presence of their sons at University College in annually in- creasing numbers, they are perfectly satisfied with onr Provincial colle- giate system. The efforts of the Conference to uphold the College, for the purpose of maintaining the cfHciency of tludr denomination, may be highly laudable, in a stinctly denominational j)oint of view, and worthy of praise when efl'ected by the denomination to be thus benefittetl. But it caimot be the function of tlie State to prevent the Wesleyan Church los- ing its youth as church membei*s, any more than to assist it in other reli- gious and missionary work ; unless it is also j»repared to re-assert the principle it has disavowtid, in the abolition of all Sttvto j)rovision for reli- gion in U])per Canada. Is our Provincial School >Si/stem to be abolished ( Again, returning to the consideration of the statements ali'cady <| noted from the memorial of the Wesleyan Conference, a complete fallacy is in- volved in the attempt to njjply certain characteristics of oui' Connnou Seliools to the whole pi'ovincial system of education, it is true that our Common Schools, being eiusily multiplied in every district, arc; mere day schools ; .so that the attendance thcire does not deprive the ))npils of daily parentsU or piustoral care and religious instruction ; l)Ht such is not, and never can be the ca.se, Avith the Grainn)ar Seliools, tht- l'rf)vincial Ncmnal School, or the Mod(!l Grammar School. In order to attcnul each of these, pupils n(?c"ssarily leave their j)aients' homes, and mw placed, some i)f them under a .system greatly less conductive to strict moral and I'eligious over- sight, than that which is secured by the system of University College, as applied to its resident students. In the Model Grammar Sclu)ol, for ^^vam^tle, established under the au thority of the Chief Sujterintendent of Education at Toronto, it is expressly ]>rovided that ])Upils shall be; nsci'ived from every jiart of the Province ; and thus necessarily be removed from daily parental and jtas toral instruction and oversight. Yet its establishment and supevvi.sion are equally independent of any religious persuii.sion ; and it is placed un der the authority of the Council of Public Instruction, a public board con stituttnl on nearly the same princii)Ie lus the Senate of Toronto University. The same remarks equally apply to tiic! Normal School, to which is en- tru.sted the all important function of training teachers for the whole Com- mon Schools of the Pi'ovince ; neveiihele.ss no difficulty aj)pears to have arisen hitherto from the adoption, in those institutions, of one national system instead of a denominational and necessarily sectai-ian one. But if the principle now affirmtnl, is to be carried out, instead of the Province maintivining at a reasonable expense, x)ne efficient Moilel Granuvun" School, Normal School, and College ; which are abundantly sufficient to meet the j)re8ent denuind foi- the departments of higher education eml)racetl by theTU, it must multiply such institutions in the same ratio as all denomi- national colleges, "now e.st}d)lished or which may be esttiblished in Ujtpiir ( !an!ula ;" ov even in (vich city of U))i)er Cana(bi. Or, are we to be seri- ously told that so long as the youth of Canada are under the care of Di-. Ryei-son, no matter what the system may be, all is i-eligious and moral ; 72 but with tlie same system in the hHiuls of the provincial professors, all is godless and naught.* Th(! course pursued by the British Parliament in all recent n^forms of higher education, a^ exemplified, not only by the new Scottish Universi- ties Act, but also by the establishment of the Queen's University in Ire- land, and the London Univei-sity in England — abundantly pro^•eH how thoroughly British Statesmen are alive to the inij)ortance of all the mem- Iters of a free commxmity receiving their secular education in national, ra ther than in denominaticmal institutions, and being thereby trained to co-o|ierate in all the gri'sity (k)llege, at To- ronto. In England also, tlu; London Univei-sity C(tnfei's degn'csand uni- versity honors on students presenting themselves at its exiiiniiiiitioDs, from Episcopalian, Boman Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan Methodist, Congregational ist, Ba])tist, and other dencmiinational ctilleges ; but these neither receive nor claim any other shan; of the univei"sitv funds, except- ing the conniion right enjoyed, not only by all tlieir students, but by every one j)ossessed of the re(juisite knowledge wheresoevtjr ac((uire(l, to com- pt^tt^ for the Univei-sity Scholarships. In these respirts, ther<'fore, the University of Toronto fully carricis out the i)lan adopteil by London Uni- vei-sity, and also by the Queen's Univei-sity of Ireland. It also fulfils the y)urpoHes of its institution six set forth in the preamble of the Act, in ]>lacing within the reach of every y(mth of the Province, wheresoever edu- cated, " facihtias for obtiuning those scholastic honoi-s and rewards, which their diligence and proficiency may desen'c." * Tliat our uiiseetavian Grammar School sj-stem must sUiul or fall witli our Provincial mid unseetarian I'nivt'rsity and College Hytiteiii, is abundantly ain^rentfroni the Collowinj? remarks in Dr. Ryerson's reply (Evidence, p. 170,) no totally the reverse of his defence of the provincial system in thy Educational Rejiorts of earlier years. It is consistent, how- ever ; for if Episcopalians, Presbyterian.s, Methodists and Koman Catholics are to dividi^ among them the University endowment, on wliat principle is that of tlie grammar seliuols to he withheld ! " Grant infj fliat a ticfect exists in the i/rammar schools, that the jirimai-ii cnanUiov docs not afford sufficient opportunities for reUfjious instruction, is it not all the mor(! imporumt, jw every good parent must feel, that religious instruction shouhl he afterwards given to that part of our youth who are to give character and licart to, and to be the leaders of our country! When our sons go away from immediate ]>arental and pastoral authority, to train their minds fiu' becoming the instructors and guides, if not the rulers of the province in future years, is it not mo.st iraportiint tiiat every ])Ossible care should be taken to give tliern every facility for obtaining religious instruction to form their charac- ter ! If there is a defect in our iiramniar sch(s)ls, it is a reason for rcmedi/ini; it at our colleijcs. " Again, the Principal of Queen's College lays down as the only security for education, (Ques. 8(i,) "having men enjof/ing the confidence of the rcliijions bodies to which theij hc- lonr/." And that thi.s idea embraces not only our grammar, but our common .sehool system, will be illustrated by the following views of Baron Alderston, quoted by Dr. Cook, as best expressing his opinions in reference to the importance of the relif/ious opinions of professors : — •" Tliey will adii, 'give secular in.strnction in commcm.' I believe that to be impossible, because all learning and al' science may be so taught, and in fact must be so taught as to include in it some perversion or true teaching of religion. An nnheliever teuchimj a boy arithmetic may insinuate that the doctrincofthe Triniti/ in unity is not true, and geology may be taught so as to throw doubts on the Bible." 73 EXAMfXKRS ANI» RXAMIXATIOXS. I nni8t now rt'turn t»> it matter, iieixoiml not to myself, but io tho whole staff of Professoi-s whom I repreHciit, and that is the (lueHtion of Exam i ners and Examinivtions. N(» charge has been more strongly brought against us than that bounded on tlie alleged partiality and unfairness of Professors examining their own students. At one aspect of this charge I have already glanced. TJiat the principle, however questionable in the- ory, has many practical 'rtmsons in its favour, is proved by the fact that !vt McGill College, Trinity, Queen's, and Victoria College, this practice is the vul' . Dr. Cook and others have admitted that only Professoi-s and |»i'actic'l teacliei-M are qualified for the duty, and from among such our oxamiut-rs aif annually selected with anxioiis care, and placed in the ex- amination IimU along with the Professors, with co-ordinate |)f>wer, and full control of all examinations. Professors of Trinity, Victoria, Queen's and Laval Colleges have all been nominated and invited to act as exami- ners ; and, instead of the Professors monopolising the appointments and examination fees, as has been most unjustly represented to you, out of twenty-six examinei-s in 18;78, and twenty-two in 1859, nine only in each year were Professt)i's of Univei-sity College. To u.s, moi"eov«n', the complaints of the representativj's of Victoria and Queen's Colleges, appcsar ]»eculiarly unfair on this point. For, what anj the real facts of the (!ase ( 'I'hc Ijt^gislatuve apjwinted the Senate of To- ronto Univei-sity, with power to establish scholarshi])s and name exami- nei-s. Univei-sitv College ada|)ted itself to the system, but no other college did so, or at least none having Univei-sity iK)wei*8. St. Michael's College, Knox's College, the United Presliytt^rian In.stitution, and the like, atfiliatt'd ; but Queen's, Victoria, and Trinity all refused. The Provost of Trinity ('ollege declined to attend. The President of Queen's College took no notice of our invitations. The Principal of Victoria Col- lege did indeed vott; upon our plans and ]>roceedings in arranging our eourae of .study, but he never sent students to compete ; and Dr. Ryeraon himself was either the movei- or seconder of the fiint resolution which not only ap]>ointe(l the l*rofe.ssors of Univei-sity ('ollege as examinei-s, but named the very Profes,sors who should act. If he saw it to be wrong in the abstract, he must at the same time have seen it U» be an inevitable necessity. It has been ehargetl also that we receive fees for examining our own students. Let me state in the fiv.st place that all our college examina- tions are (juite independent of thi.s. We do I'eceive a fee of .£20 for conducting a totally distinct series of Univei-sity examinations — and foi" this enormous fee 1 have rejul answei-s to nearly 10,000 questions, and the.se the answei's, not of my own students exclusively, but of students also from all other ctilleges and schools, as well as of the candidates in the faculties of law and medicine, Avhose examinations all include subjects in arts. T may also add that among the examinei-s of the Loudon Uni- versity, Profe.ssoi"s of tlm colleges are named ; while in the Queen's Univeixity — which in relation to the jieculiar circum,stances of the coun- try, and the national non-denominational colleges connected with it, more nearly resembles our Provincial Univei-sity and (Jollege — the Profes-sow of the Queen's Colleges are systematically api)ointeil membei-s of the Examining Board. It is easy for Oxford and Cambridge, with a large 74 staff of wealthily endowed fellow,shi]is and numerous resident graduatoH, to place any restrictions tli<>v may plea-se on the choice of examiners ; Imt the Queen's University lias been compelled to resort to the J'rofessors of the Natimial Colleges, ii.s thos(^ best (|ualitieil for the duties, \iiitil such time as a numerous class of well-trained graduates shall enable them to adopt a wider choice ; and in this riwpeet the University ol" Toronto laboui's imder still greater disadvantages, and a more altsolute necessity for it'sorting tnt on the |ire.sent system. If such ajUKuntments are ma(h', it will then l>e seen liy those wlio undei*take the arts examinations, not only in the faculty of arts, l)ut also of law and medicine, how entirely the statement is founded on error which represents the Pi-ofessoi"s of University College us receiving the examination fee for reading the ])a])ers of their own stu(!eiits. •' Impartiality and Strictness of Examination. But meanwhile I nuist lu^ permitt«!d to avail myself of tliis occasion to .'lasert in the most umpialitied term.s, that the examinations of the Uni- versity have been conducted with a strictness and impartiality tliat may * Examinations are condticted by the Professors of tlie Gnllejie. in c.-icli nl'tlioir cla.sses ; jjreparatory to the terminal examinations at Christmas and Kaster. l>y whicli the Collejre linnours and prizes are determined. The.se are totally indoiienilfiii of the suliseiiuont University Examinations, at which candidates, not students of the Oollej;c, present them- selves ; and from which all students of the College, not iniderKvaduates ii\ the University, are excluded. Dr. Ryerson, when commenting before the Committee on the ('ollege " PaniU'i Compact " as he .styled it, remarked. " How far the interests of the College family have been consulted, I n( Pii not further remark ; and I have shown, in a statement to which neither Mr. Lan^tou nor Dr. Wilsou, has ventured to refer, that the Professors of the College fiunily at Toronto, Imvc coimulted their convenience, by giving themselves two months less work each year, iiiid twelve hours less work each week of that short year, than have the Professors oV flarvanl College.'" To this Dr. McCaul has already replied by showing that the statements -.^w fotiiUy unfounded. The session is from four to five weeks longer tlian that ru.niiiod for the attendance of studentsat Oxford or Cambridge, and is the same length as tliiit 'tf Kciiuluugh. As to the cotpparison of University College with Harvard as to lectures, it is not only r.ot the case that there are are twelve hours less work per week in University College, hut the direct opposite is the truth, inasmuch as tliere are hut 37 liours per week at Harvard, whereas there are 39 at University College. An examination of tlie lectures atli tidnl by the students of each year, will also show a very considerable superiority in University Cnl lege, Toronto; besides which there are extra lectures and the exam'iiiation.s, oc( upving many additional hours. CI o n e e C' e a a u cliiillt'iigo t\w ^((VcrcMt winitiiiy. Otir pnntt'd rotunis tell of the mmilx'i' of Hcholiiisliips taken — him( full use Iijin Iktii mailc of tlicMc. But no record niecits the pulilic eyo to tell of th»^ iiuiiiImu' rejected; thoujijli no examination |»,us.ses without tlie list of candidates Iteinj^ reduced by tliis eliniinatinij jirociss. For in truth no single candidate passes without the concurrence of an examiner selected expressly as heini^ totally independ ent of the ( "ollej^e. The followin<( names of ;,'entlenien who have acted as exaniineis in art>i duriii",' the pitst four yeai-s, and hav»! had an ahsolute voice in the admission or rejection of cantlidates, alike to matriculation, honors ami de<;i-ees, sup]>ly tint best ;^uarantee of the |)ractical character of the exam inutions — the iiit'h standard of which is attested hv the examination iHip •rs:— th(^ Rev. M. Willis, D.I)., i'rincipal of Km)x's (!oll( i-J^'C K ev. S. S. Nelles, .V1.A., IVesident(.f Victoria (-'(.Uege; Kev. A. Lillie, D.D., 'I'heolof^ical i'rofessor of the Conf^regational [nstitution ; Kev. J. Taylor, M. D., Theologi(!al l'rofes.sor ofthe [Tnited l*n'sl)yteriaM Divinity Hall; Hev. (J. I*. Youn<,', .M.A., Profe.s.sor of iiOj^ic and Metaphysics, Knox's Collej^e; liev. K. J. Senklei', iM. A., of Caius College, Camliridf^e ; Kev. K. Schluter, M.A. ; Rev. W. Stenuett, M.A., Princii»al of Upper Canada College; Kev. W. Orini.ston, li.A., late one of the masters of the Nor mal School; Adam Crooks, IjL. K, harristei'-at-law ; James Brown, M.A. ; '!'. J. Kol)ert.son, M.A., head master of the Normal School ; liol.ert Checkl<-y, M.D. ; Thomius Kidout, K.s(|. ; F. Montivani, l.LD. ; K. Ciondtie, M.A., harrister-at-law ; Michael Jiarrett, B.A., M.D., President of the Toronto School of Midicine ; L. S. Oille, M.A., M.D. ; (J. K. II. Cockhurn, M. A., Kt'ctoi- of tlu- Model Orammar School; William Wi-dd, M.A., cla.ssical nia.ster, Upper Canada ("ollcge; H. llaacke, French translator to the Legislative As.seml)ly ; Kmile Coulon, French master, Modtd (ti-ammar School ; F. Billing.s, F.CS., paheontolo- gist to the l'rovin(;ial (Jeological Survey. With such gentlemen, selected, as they have been, with an anxious desire to si-cure ablo and independent exaniinei"s, J feel confident that no Univej"sity t-xaniinations have ever lieen conducted with stricter impa)- tiality than those ofthe University of Toronto, under the veiy system .so unjustly maligned. MouAi. .\xu J{i;i,i(auis ovEKsxtJHT OF Students. Returning, however, from this digressicm, suggested hy analogies in the Univeixity of London and the Queen's University of Ireland, 1 revel t once more to another aspect of the (pieHtion of . sectarian, in contra- distinction to [)rovincial or national education. It is JLssumed in the memorial of the Wcsleyan C(»nfcrenoe that under the sy.stem of a pro- viiKiial non-denoniinationai College, the youth educated in it inu.st he phiceil beyonil the I'cach of religious training and pa.stoi-al oversight. If i)y pastoi-al oversight is meant the placing of each student, while in the College, inuhr the care and teaching of resident ministers of his own denomination, this is manifestly beyond the reach of any system but one M'liich limits all education to the training of each youth hi schdols and colleges of his own sect, and it is ius imj)03sible under the constitution of Queen's or Victoria, a.s of University College. When Victoria College admits a Wesleyan Methodist student, the desired end i.s secured for 76 him. But when it admitM an KpiscojNilian, PreHhyteriHii, Baptist, or Roman Catholic student, he must Ix- (h^ilt with preciHJ^y a^ ho woVild be liy Univorsity College, and us is done by tin* Nonnal School of the Province. In Univemty (JoUege daily rcligiouH services are provided, the rcHi- deut students are placed under the charge of the ministers of their respective denominations, their jmrents or guardians are consulted as to the place of woi-ship they are to attend, and the niini-stiu- of religion whose teaching they nrv. to wait uihmi. The iHwident Professor — who lijut l)cen selected with a special view to his fitness for the duties — hius prayer and retuling of the Scriptures daily, morning and evening, in the College Hall, for all who do not object, themselves, or by their guar- dians, on conscientiouH gi-ounds, to be pi'esent ; and it is his duty U> ascertain that they attend regtUarly at their respective places of worship. Permit me to r«!ad to you the circular addressecl by thi; resident professor to the parent or guardian of each student, on his coming in to residence ; it will show the syst«'matic care with which we aim at fiilfilling this ]»irt of our duty : — *' Ah your tion projwKfs coming into rPMcleitce, in thix i'olfeye, I beg to inform you thnl it is the desire of the rmmcil that, where there is no conscientious objection, nil the stiulents under their charge should he present in tfie Ilall at daily moruing and evening prayers, with reading of the Scriptttres. It is aho their wish, that they should regu- larly atteml on Sundays their respective plac t' worship, awl receive such other religious instruction us their parents >. guardiaits nuiy desire. I have to request that yon. will he so good as to let nie know whether you desire your son to attend such daily prayers in tfie College, and that ymi will also mention the minister muler whose cJuirge you wish to place him. The connr.il vnll afford every facility for the carrying out of your inten- tions, and with this view, will exercise such control over your son during his reside7ice, as nuiy be best calculated to effect your wishes. In the event of your not informing me of yotir desire on the subject, tlie Council will assume that you have no objection to his being required to attetul the daily prayers of the College, and will exercise an oversight as to his attend- ance on the ministrations of a clergyman of the denouiiuntion to which he belongs." Provincial or Sectarian College Education I Looking to the system thus in force, it is manifest, therefore, that the Provincial College — though strictly ium-denomiiuitional, is not there- fore non-religious ; nor can there be any need that it should be so in a Christian country. In this, indeed, is illustrated the only possible sys- tem for a publicly endowed national education. It is the same principle which pervades our Common Schools, Provincial College, and Univer- sity ; a public system in which no sectarian distinctions are recogni.sed, and in which no denomination meddles as such — equally open to all, and under public control. It is the national educational system of the i)eo- ple, consistent throughout. The teachers, trustees, county boards, and inspectors ; the Deputy and Chief Superintendent, and Council of Pub- lic Instiuction ; the College Professors, Univei'sity Senate, and Chan- cellor, are all chosen by the people : — through direct election in local cases ; through the Executive in the provincial departments. 77 Ithc Tho cHtahliNliiii(>iii of M w«^ll H)i)M)iiit<'(l Odlh^fjc juul Uiiivi'i'sity w iiKcesHiirily a costly thin^'. Tim Province ciiniKtt Ikijm' to coiiiiimii»l th«' ««mceH of iiioii of tlio lii^Iuwt diuw without ort'criii^ Hiiliirics and all rt'<(uiHit(! (!qiii|)moutH of Icctunt rooniH, miiHciiins, aixl library, in hoiiu" (U'j^reo aiiproxiiimting to Niinilar iiiMtitiitioiw at lionir ; but if tlic (Jov- •■rnment were to coni)»ly with tho prayiM- of tho Woshtyaii ( 'onfcrtjuo*' Memorial, and "cause an Act to b«' luusscd by which all tlic Collc^rs MOW established, nr which imiy lie established in Upjter (,'es would, therefore, tend very slightly — if at all — ton'nciease the number of students, while it so greatly nudtiplied ]»rofe.s,soiu It cannot be overlo(»ked also, that when-as it appears by the last cen- sus that there are tireHft/-J'(iur Krjxirntv, (h'ti(nitinix specitied in Upper Canada — apait fi-om small<>r bodies grouped under a general head — the greater number of which embrace thou.sands in their communion; any attempt to endow denominational Colleges, in lieu of a non-sectai"ian institution, where all enjoy the same rights ajid privileges, must involve great injustice to tluwe who, although Ix'longing to religious bodies too few in number, or too ))oor toert'ect the organization achitived by weidthier sects, have an e(|ual right to share in {\w denominational division of public funds set apart for higher education. The evil assumes a .still wor.se a.spect, when it is considered that some religious denominations have coii.scientious oltjections to any such sy.stem of distributing public funds ; and while they are thus excluded from availing tlieuiselves of them, they wcnild be subjected to the grievance of the common funds of the Province being thus expended by their reiu'esentatives in opjtositioii to their religious scruples, and to their own i)ersonal loss. Jf, therefore, the Province provides an adequately endowed and well ai)pointed Provin- cial Colh'ge, to whi^h every youth in the i'rovince has free access, with- out any distinction as to sect or party ; and also provides a University t(t grant degrees — not only to such students, but tt) all in the Province — in lik«^ manner, without reference to sect or party, who are found (piali- tied to pass the requisite examinations ; they can have no Just ground of complaint who — tleclining to avail themselves of the Provincial Institu- tion to which they have free access — vcjluntjirily choose to take theii' pi'eparatoiy training under professors and teachers appt)inted by their o\vii denominataouw. Univemit 11 (\)}lrllt')(« iciiilciiiii' yi'iir IM.V.MKI, iii'fnrtliii;^ lo tlifir rcs|Krliv«'tlt'ii(iiinii!ili<>ii t tVoiii till- iiii(lcr^rii t'aciiltit'N of iii'tN, liiw and iiicdu •liiil til till' Uiiivtisily, lull iiul allciMliii^' llic Cnlltn^f : Fivf Climvli t!t ('Imrcli (if Kii;,'lim(l '.\.'t Uiiitril 4'ri'sliyU'riaii l'4 M fth.Mlists '2'2 { 'nlliilCJiatiuimliHtM hi Js'ti rt'liiriis II l'i'«'Hl)ytfriaiiM Ill Cliiiivli ut" Sciitlaiid 7 ( 'llllivll a I it ists .*» Itctuniicd I'li'sliytcriaiis .• 2 riyiiiuiitli r.ivlliiiMi I guakiTs I Mahiii-; a total of I.SS ■'Matriculated studt'iils SO ()cTasioii;d stiidciifs IMS tor ill)-, 'I'lit'sc I'ftiii'us f'lifiiisli satisliictory cvidciirc tliiit the iioii-dciiomina tioiial ciiaractfi of I i^iiivcrsily Coiici^i' lias not la'cii a liar to tlit- t'lill arc('|itaii('t' (if till' cilncatioiiid advaiita;,'('s it oHith, l»y iiit'iiilMTs of all tin- lii'diiii; dciioHiiiiatidiis in tln' Proviiifc, incliidint; a fair avi'i'a,i,'t' oftlii' wcy ii'lii^iuiis |ii'isiiasions, whose leaders aj>jM'iii' hefore yon as olijectors to (lii' svsteiM. ' ' Anoin/ntom I'diitphletecrhnj, One oi' two otliei' points f must note 1)efov<' conclndinL;. It would lia\e l)ettei' pleased nie had I lieeii alile to omit all reference to some of tho very stran^'c charjies which \m\v lieeii hroufjht ai^ainst us ; and i ^ slmkc of (lie lii'inl ! It MiiitI iw |iliiilily liH tli)> Hhak(< of ii (inctnl's linitl miiM ilu, lIuU lie, till' uiir, n>pii(li- att'il tlu' Itui'di'ii itt' n'w|M»iiHiliility fm- tliis iiiiniiyinnus inisrt>lliiiiy t»t' iniMr«u ln'cHi'iitiiti'iiM tiiid IiIiiimIci-h. I itiii imt -!' tin- most ati iinl Miul «'xtraviipiiit rontrailietioiiH ami liliiiMlciiiit; iiiiM-Hbiiti'iiK-iils t vi-c |iiit tof^rllirr in tlic sairK' iiiiiiiitfr of |»a<^t's. \nvff '/Witi/i!iii/n of If'mtorn ! It liiw lit'i'ii Mtatfil in I'viWfiH'c that my own «"liaii' ol' liisloiy it iist'ltss, aial |)r, liyt'ixon liaN spirially aHHij,'!)!-!! an a rcawoii, that hi>'toiv is Imi^'ht in the (Jrammar Srhool.s. A sin^Milar ith-a imlci-il, tlif I )ortor nnist havi- of a I'nivcrMity <'oiii'sc of stinlv, it, Ipfcaii.si- a Imy hai-ns l>y rolf cfriain thinj,'H in a (irainmar School, a Professor of » I'nivnsity ran ha\f nothing,' more to tcacli him ! I'nt I timl in this same |i.(ni|)hlrl a passaL.')- svliich I'rmai'kaltly i-oinciiirs svilli tliis liriliiant iih'a ot the fiinctions of a I'loft'Msor of liisloiy, whorvtT its author may haxc Immmi. "History tiwlms ns," ways this trnilitc comnnntator on tho thitirs uf i(s professor, " hihtory tfarhcs ns that just in proportion as (irctrc ami Konif lavislicil lln-ir rcsonrcfs upon stone oi- nnirhir, upon the material and inanimate, (iiey . Thiicyditlcs ; and ere its close, of the \ iijoi' (MIS and graphic Xemiphon. i)riliilall int(>llectual and moral vi;j;our jierish in that ai;e of marlile, which was sm-ceeded in later ,t,'eneratioiis by the wisdom of Plato aial tiie pliilo.sophy of Aristtitle f Or was it not after that very a^^e of (!reece"s architectural triumphs that she jirodtu'cd the most precious ififts ol that classic liter.-iturc which luis constituted the priceless trciusiu'e of all later times I Funiiic'uil iiiiHrepreMntdliiuifi. But th(M'e arc! other .statenu nts laid liefore this connnittee at which reverend doctors miji;ht well shake their heads, did thev onlv know all m the truth. Mr. Langton havinf» iuiposed on hin», m Vicc-Ohauoellor of the Univci-Hity of Toronto, thu grave nvsptmsibility of defending it against it.s iissailants found it his duty a.s an experienced financier, to call in <]uestion cortiun figures whicli have been placed before you in evidence. Dr. Ryer.soi) had sTibniitted to you, and lianded in,«in writing, a .series of very singular financial statenients — comparing the ciwt of the H\irsar"s ofhce of Trinity College, consisting of one individual, with very few lands to looi: aft(!r, and tliat of the Bursar's otKce of TiU'onto Univei-sity, which hius in cliarge the sale and management of lands, and the itncvst- ment of funds, throughout the j)rovince ; and he had revealed to you the wonderful discovciy tliat the one actually co.sts ;i good deal more than the oiher I The unfairness of these and similar eom])arisoi)s wius suffi- liently apparent.* But on looking into their details, Mr. Laiigton had found that what Dr. Ryei-Non stated a.s the total annual expense of Trinity (JoUegc. was noL only given in his own " Educational Journal," at nu)re than (lou))le the amount, l»ut that this total omitt^-d the whole eo.st of the Trinity Scholarsliiiw, am do int/i .'/," .{life,— ill/ addiiii/ the ^tii'Kt and the ninth t .t:.l nut IMt, <'.!,'<• ola- liis 1, 1 Vi-V- uo- writing, but clipped out from some publioHtion, having already done duty elsewhere, before tluy were thus produced to complete the work of misrepresentation here. ,. Perverted Evidence. Nor is tliis the oidy story which hits done duty against us elsewhere, but which would not })ear investigation. Tlmre is another jK>int I must speak ujxiu, because I see present the chief adviser of th«! Represt-ntative of Her Majesty in the (Jovernuunit of this Province, the Hon. Attornev- (leneial West. Di'. Ryeixon, in the written statenu'nt which he handed ill to this ('onimittee, })resented originally in his own manuscrii»t a paragraph which hits since been withdrawn. I received in Toronto a proof of this stateinei^i, as printed for ycm from his own manu.script, which r presumed wjus the evidence as finally given in to the Committee; and it is only suice I came down to Quebec that I learned this psussage had l)(!en supi)ressed, tliough not liefore it had been i-ead to you, and widely circulated elsewhere. It is a sttitement with reference to (Gram- mar Hchool teachers educated in Univei'sity College. Dr. Ryerson said in that passsage : — "The reports of the Inspect ir- of (Irammar Schools show that Toronto University sujiplies only eight ma.sters to s(!vcnty-fi^ e firannuar Schools, while Quciiu's College si:pplies t(;n. The same reports shoin that the iirmlmitex nf Toronto Univer.ntif as a tohoh arc less efficient ia;isters of (Irammar SrJiooh than those of Qamtis Colleedient, that we should bo allowed a little time to (h^velop the institution, befoi-e a Com- luittee of Investigation sat upon it. Nevertheless, with every considera- tion of the cir(;u instances in which we are placed, 1 wa.s sui'prised at the statement, and wrote; to tin; Rev. Mr. Ormiston, one of the [nspectors of Craiiimar Schools, a gi-aduatt; of Victoria College, and who. having been ruieofthe teachers of the Toronto Normal School under Dr. Ryerson, could have no special leanings in our favuir. Mr. Ormiston came dow^n to Toronto, and favoured me with an interview, in which he assured me tluit whatever motive or reiusoTi could have induced l)i'. Ryei-son to make such a stat(!nu!nt, it w.xs unsupported by his reports. He gave me *Ooi)ies of Dr. Ryerson's printed statement, as circulated among the members uf Commit tee and others, were procured from the Clerk of the Parliameiitiiry Committee in the ordinnry course : and duly forwardoti, ,vitli the other evidence to Toronto, Tlii.s extraordinary and unfoiindeii statement \v;ii fdriliwitli inveit/igated, and thi inspectirn of (Jrammar Si-hools were call ;.l on to state what weri; the a'-tuil facts, but after they had been sunimoneil as witnesses, tlse pas.sasce clisaj)penrcd from the Chief Superintendent's statement. Hence the following pro(!eedings in (/onimittee : " Reference having been made to sut/imoninK witnesses, Mr. Cayley put the following question to Mr. Langton : (,/|((f' 113. • Do yon still desire that Mr. Cockbnrn and the Rev. Mr, Ormiston shall be summoned before the Committee ! Ans. — I have no longer any desire, so far as I can see at present, for the appearance of Messrs. Cockburn and Ormiston, because as Dr. Ryerson's evidence now appears in its revised sliape, it does not contain the imputtitiou which \ desired these gentlemen to rebut." 82 commenta, wliich he permitted mo to write down from his lips, relative to the graduatt'S of the Univtiisity, on whom he hud reported ius Inspec- tor of Schools. He had specially reported two graduates of Toronto University, as inefficient miusttjrs. (.)nt! wji-s a j^ood scholar, but his eccentricities marred his success. And is it imagined that tlu^ wisdom of the Legislature can devise a, University that will cure a man's eccen- tricities ] But I found ou examyjiatiou that we were not responsible; for him at all. He was a gentlemim who hiul taken his whole course of education at Trinity College, Dublin, and having pioduccid evid(!nce of that before the Senate of Toronto Uuiv(!rsity, Wius admitted to his dcigrcie ad eunclem. And, in strange contradiction to the statements made })y Dr. Ryerson, Mr. Ormiston added that there wore two Trinity College Dublin man, whom he had been obliged to recommend to withdraw. In another bad case of a Toronto Uuivei-sity graduate, it was repoited he would never make a good teacher, and this is very likely, as he is now an inmate of the Lunatic Asylum. [Dr. Wilson continued to read the notes furnished him by MJr. Ormiston, which were altogether at variance with Dr. Ryerson's sttitement, and proceeded.] It is a very serious charge to bring against a University ; but I say unhesitatingly, in the presence of the head of Her Maji>sty's Executive* Government, that the reports from the Inspectors of Uranimar iSchools do not beai* out Dr. Ryerson's statements ; and it is a most grave charge against the Chief Superintendent of Educiition, that he should have so far betraj'ed his trust, or .so far have |)ermitti'(l prejudice to warp his judgment and |ieivei't the evidence of his ofhcial reports, as to sid>mit to you, and to give you in writuig a statement of this nature, which, when challenged, he h?s been f^>mpelled to withdraw. Gentlemen, call tor and examine these rt^ports of the Inspectors of Grammar Schools. You will find in theni no evidence to bear out such allegations. Mr. liangton luus ins|X'e,ted them, and I have jieresed the oxtrfwits made from those ntMiuiscripts now in l>i. Hyerson's Jl()ss(^ssio^ ; and they abundantly account for his witliii-awal of the uufounded charge,'. Tjct him summon those inspectoi's Ix'foi-e you, if he dan-. It \va.s on Mr. Langton's calling for their appe rauc<' u.s witnesses that the stutemctnt was erased. They are not men to hide tli«' truth on oui- bt^half 'J'hey owe their appointnuints to Dr. Ryerson, and ar<', or have Ixjth Iteen teachers in his schools. Nevertheless, they are nuui of lionour and pi'obity, and that is all that we reepiire in witnesses on our behidf '" The FuniUi/ (\nnpac.l of Profixnof^. Had I consulted my own feelings, or appeared hei'e luiTely in my own defence, I should have left this unsaid. Dr. HytMson well knows I ha\(' no personal feeling against him. On tlie contrary, I have had much friendly intercourse with him in former years ; and wlieri he went home to select a rector for his Modcil Gj-ammar School, he oweul it to my introductiotis, and to my brotluir's aid, that he obtair ed liis present efficient rector. Nor did T come t/) Quebec even now with unkindly feelings towards him, though his conduct Ix-fore this Committ»!e seiemiMl strange and indeed inexplicable. But the ammus he has shown before : • It is sufficient to say that the (Ji-ammar School Inspectors were notprotlucetlas isses, nor were their reports read to the Coinniitt^p or printcii in the evidence. wit- nesses 83 this Comniitttu'^ since I hav(^ beou preHent at its sittings, has not only changed my opinion groatly, hut hius led me to look back upon past events and tlie ciroumstancH'H of my fovnier intercourse with him, and to see tliem in a new light. I read with scorn liis sttitement to this Com- mittee, iiA 1 find it recorded in tlut evidence, that "If the committee should order the minutes of the proceedings of the Senate to be laid befdi'e tlu^m, and mark who were present, and what was done at each mtseting, tluy would see how tlie systtmi has been worked, and how parties connected with th(( Univta-sity and Upj)er Canada Colleges have diret^Uid lus to ex|)enditures, studies, schf)]arships, expenditures have been chic^fly directed by a family compact of genthmien receiving their salaries from the Univer- sity and Up{)er Canada College endowments." Wiiy did h(5 put in tlu^ word ^^ gentlemen V I read, and I believe my colleagues havc^ also i-ead, liis statement as equivalent to characterising us as a pack of scoundrels. I have not been much engaged in duties like this. My habits have been acquired in the })leasant retirement of years, chiefly ex))ended in literary ptustime and study. I have not been accus- tt)med to ai)pear before such Committees, and perhaps, therefore, I may seem to attach too much importance to languagt;, which may not present itself in tlu^ same aspect to men accustomed to confront the bscnce from tin' country. 1 doubt not he stated .so in per- fi'ct sinci^iity ; but I tind on looking at the minutes that he wtis not absent on the 17th March, |S">I, when Chief Justice Draper gave notice of ail Address to ITis Kxcelliia y, with a view to the aj)propriation of a sum foi- buildings. I Hud, too, that Dr. Ryerson was present, and there is no recoi'd on the minutes that he objected, when, on the 24th March, Chief Justice Draper, secionded by Hon. J. C. Morrison, moved the Ad- dress to His Kxcellency. And on the iOth March, when that Address wtLs rt^ul a second tinu; and carried. Dr. Ryer-son again was present, and \\w mimites record no protest or opposition to the a])i)ropriation as recom- n. ended. L had an interview this morning with the Solicitor-deneral, who is ))re)»;n'e(l to give evidence thiit Dr. Hyerson was prestsut and of- fered no opi»osition to that A(hln>ss, which was to lead tt who had not thcai a seat on the Senate, uul without the slightest instigation from them, he made an addition, declaring that we were underpaitl, and that_ our salaries should be raised. I of all men in the world need not object to that act, enjoying as I do at this present moment an increase of salary owing to that motion ; but I wish to show that we did not, as we have been charged, oui-selves vote that addition to our salui'ies, or even know that such a proposition wn» entertained. Nor can lie deny that he votcnl the present salary of tlu Princijial of Upper Canada College, which he has declaimed to be exti'Hvagant, but ajxilogised for it by saying he did not believe a Canadian wt)uld have been apjx)inted. He cannot deny that, in f)pposition to that very family compixct of Professoi"s, hi; wtw t)nt; of the most active leaders in getting a pension to Mr. Mayiiard, dismissed from Upper Canada College for impropt'r conduct, and who, many think, ought to have been dismissed long before. And nothing can justify Dr. Ryerson for having preferred this abominable and biuseless charge of a family compact, for this simj)le reason, that all the expendi- tures on buildings, library, scholarahii)s, salaries, and pensions with which he charged them — with the solitary exception of the pension to Mr. Maynai'd — were authorised long before a single Professoi* of Univer- sity College, except Dr. McCaul, ixs its President, had a seat in the Senate. This, gentlemen, is a specimen of the biiseless c}iarges that have l)et'n circulated through the country, and have helj)ed to mislead the minds of hundreds, and to burden your table with petitions originated by misre- presentation, and founded on error. And I ask you now, as an im])ar- Qftfg. 464. — " Do you recollect particularly the proceedings of tlie .Senate in 18.54, and the part that Dr. Ryerson took in tiiein ! -l/ii». — " I recollect, generally the proceedings, but I cannot at this time say the parti- cular course that Dr. Ryerson took." Passage in Dr. Ryerson's Reply, Evidence, p. 152 :■ " 1 cannot give implicit credit to tiie statement of tlie gentleman, (Dr. Wilsmi) upon the subject, because in the same speech he introduceil the name of the Hon. .F. C. Morrison us a witness tliat I had supported and voted for nieasures to which 1 now object. 1 took the liberty, yesterday, of putting, tiirough the Chairman, a question to Mr. Morrison nn the subject, whether he romeml)ered these proceedings. What was Ids' luiswer ! That lie did not recollect them, nor the course 1 pursued. I leave tlie Committee to ilecide l)etween the gentleman's assertion the other diyand tiie testimony of Mr. Morri.son. And if he was so far wrong as to his stiiteraent of what Mr. Morrison said, it is not too much to assume that he may have been as far wrong in rej;ard to tiie imputations he ascribes to Mr, Ormiston." The minutes of the University Senate were referred to, from wliich it was siiown tiiat Dr. Ryernon was present at each of tlie three meetings in ipiustion. No counter motion or protest betrayed the slightest imliiation of his opposition, when it was time to have done it effectually ; and the Hon. Solicitor-(teneral was again summoned and asked. (^WJi. 538. -" Ha );i'oduced ; and he will be called upon, I trust, to show you, fi'om those minutes, the evidence on which he grounds so bjwe, and let me adtl also, so baseless a chai-ge.* New Vnivprsity Buildings. With regard to the new Univei-sity buildings, while I have disclaimed all I'esponsibility for the original appr(}[)riation, as an act done long before I was a mtnnber of the Senate, I am j)re|)ared to assume all responsibility for the building, as not only a justifiable but an indispen- sable thing. Your memorialists charge us with acting in defiance of the law of 1853 in the erection of new buildings, and in providing accommo- dation in these for fticultiea which the Act ex])ressly forbids. The latter blunder I believe the memorialists themselves are now fully awai-e is without foundation. As to the other illegal iict, 1 can only say it was doiu' under the ])resideucy, and with the zealous concurrence of the pre- sent (Jliauc(!llor Blakci, one of the ablest and most upright Judges of TJjjper Canada. Tlie Address was moved by the Chief Justice Draper, and seconded Ity the present Holicitor-Cient-ral ; and the tiiiiil approjjria- tion was made by the Covernor in Comicil, with the advice of the present Attorney-Ceiieral. \ venture to think that under tliese circumstances this Committee will ac(piit the Professoi-s of any blame, if they should be inclined to interpret the Act differently from such high legal authorities. In defence of the >i(;c(^ssity of the building, I will only say that during seven yeai-s in which 1 have Imh'u a J 'rofessor of University * "ollege, 1 have witnessed five removals. Suice the Act of 1853 wtvs passed we have been turned out of the old King's College building, and estiiblislu^d * The Rev. Dr. Hyerson further examineil. Question submitted by Profes.sor Wilson, ami put by tlie C'liairnmn : Qiirs. 411. -" You .stateil to the Coinniittoe, 'that if the Committee wouKl onler the proceeding.'! of the Senate to be laid before them, and niark irlm iran inrscnt, anil n'lxil iran ildiif lit tiirk niidiiiii, they would see how the system lia.s been worked, and how piutios coiinceted with the University and tapper Canaila Collef,'cs had direeted as to e\pensor Croft, either roU'd in reference to our salaries, or wvro |nenent when sucli a ijuestion was dis(!U8sed t . I ».i. "Certainly no', i'he prcxeiumr nlmiin nf » meiiO'rt' i\f il Imiy. wknu liin aiihiri/ in takni I'ji. in a malhr of no conKeqitrmi , hIiii'u Ills iiilllliniee as a member of the body, wouhl bo precisely the same in regard to tliu piooMBdiims in matters of the kind, wiit.'ther he were absent or present," Yet the minute* were «i\u(ml to " nvxrk who inrv present, (iml what was done at each mcetimj /" in the Parliainont buildings on Front-atreet. Parliamont returning to Toronto, w(^ were scait hack to tluj old building ; Ciovennnont rtHjuiring that, we were' thrust into a little brick editice originally built for a medi- cal Hcliool ; iind before we at length moved into our prewint permanent buildings, we liaf Sallust / And if men who have taken some of the highest honours in CuiulM-idgt', Oxford and Dublin — who have tilled chaii-s in British Univeisities, and even bring to us the scienc** of the famed ITnivtjrsity of Berlin, and the honoui-s of the ancient seat of learning of Padua — if such men iir(! not to 1)6 permitt(Hl to advise yon on the details of a collegiati; systi-m, ai-r you prepared to submit yourselves to the advice of Di*. ilycrson, who never was in a colleg(i in his life, luit who has told iis in his fiinious scheme of University organiziition, propounded in his voluminous letter addressed to the Hon. Francis Hincks, in ]8ol', that he meditated it on some of the highest mountains of F]uro])e— a eiicumstance which al)undantly accounts for the windy and insubstantial chaiactir of its recommenda- tions ! A lliijh SUindanl of J'Jdncatlott M(ilnf((uie(f. In order to meet the arguments which ha\e been adduced against the system a - Only one further point seems to require attention. Referi'ing to our system of hoiKU-s aiul scliolai"shij)s, Dr, Ry(^i"soii has spoken of ont'-half of the time of the Professors (»f Univei-sity College being taken up with teaching the honor-men, who, in an English Univei-sity, employ their own tutois. The charg(! in reality amounts to this : that by its libci-a! endowments for the highest departments of (Hlucation, at the Provincial College lihe son of the humblest Canadian peasant may enjoy precisely the same adv.antfiges its the son of the wealthiest nobleman in England does at the aristocratic and exclusive Univei-sity of Oxford.* , A Specimen Accusation/ , ■ \- It only remains for nie to thank the Conunitteo for the patient hearing you have favoured me with, while thus (iudeavouring to placi' before you the broad grounds of defence, on the charges Itrought against my col- leagues and myself I have not attempted to go minutely into det^iils, nor to meet every petty charge, for indeed 1 have as yet only obtaii'ed partial access to tin; printed evidence, nnd 1 only know from I'umour, of such {iccusations a.s the famous story of |2, ()()() exjtended on a Chancellor's gown — a ]iorfectly true story — only it does not happen to n^fer to mtr Toronto University. Toronto, in the luxury of its modern civiliaition, actually rejoices in three independent Univei-sitic^s — with a host of col- leges. And one of those did resolve on doing fitting honour to its (*hancellor; and, entrusting his dignity to a Caml)ridge tailor, got out so magnificent a fac-simile of Prince Albert's robes, that its Chancellor could not be ])ersuaded to wear it till they had clipped off its superfluous tjiil ! And this story — which little fits the honu;ly official garb of our University Chancellor, an heir-loom of (jld King's Cf)llege, now consider- ably the worse of wear — this story has been gravely retailed to you fw * It ouglit also jto be noted that the honor lectures are free to all the students, and many of them are largely attended, Every encouragement is held out for them to do so. •4i": 89 I lunoe I nioHt Bue of the mimy proofn ol" Uuiver.sity cxtravajiriiiKn!. It is a s.iin])lo of A mi stories that lirivo been hawked iiboiit the coiintry, nocompojiiud with irrsity fco cry of Papist and InHdel cor.jjlpd wi^h our unrncs — iii or(hr to obtain (tthor Biioso tii;j;natur<'s which you liiivc found aitpoiiilcd to potiHoiis ngahist uh. piN, ho M\roof a thousand blundering mis-statements and slanderous inshmations that have been leirculated throughout the Province for months past, without the possibility luf contradiction.* I rest confident in the a^urance that the Committee * The following may suffice as a specimen of the manner in which charges of extrava- [gance were sustained. Rev. Mr. Poole examined,--(ETi(lence, p. 67); — "Another source of extravaganco maybe seen in the number of persons employed iu connection with that establishment. Including the Rer. President, there are eleven Pro- fessors, and one Tutor, tlie Y ice-Chancellor, the Bursar and Ids /ive assistants, the Libra- rian and two Registrars, one for the University and another for the College, the Be clonn men may pan mnster at any time for a hnndred t iiut mch croaa mierepreaentationt, — which were not alwaya replied to, from their noto- rious alwurnity, — haring onoe been affirmed, are rrpeated and quoted again and again w facta. Eqnalnr fcroM fioanoial mia-itatements are re-prodnoed, %Bd paraded aa aubataitia and well eatabliahed truths, merely beoause they have been once affirmed by Dr. Kyerson, | M r. Pooie, or aome other witness, In the course of the protracted discussions. \ \ ROWSBLL St ELLIS, PBINTEB8, KING STEEBT, TOKONTO. nu charge lictions which ihai they ar ave only not mplishing th lU confident mtrammellet >jeot8 already-! it8, tasnccesf luoh a prooesa, from their noto- fAa and aicain n sd as lubataitia by Dr. Kyerson, as. ■i*- ; )NTO.