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MKROCOPV RBOIUTION TBT CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
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 jar . 1653 East Main Street 
 
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« 
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 CANADA 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINES 
 
 imrES BKAMOH 
 
 Hon. W. Templkman, Mimsth;: A. 1'. law, M..I)., Dni iv Mimhtkii: 
 EcGENt Uaaxei., Pn.D., Directoe. 
 
 T H K 
 
 .'I 
 
 \ 
 
 OF CEMENT, LIME, CUY PRODUCTS, 
 
 AND OTHER STRUCTURAL MATERIALS 
 
 IN 
 
 CANADA 
 
 I")iirinir the Calendar Year 
 
 1909 
 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN McLEISH, B.A. 
 
 Chief of the Divi»ion of Mineral Resources and Statistics 
 
 i| 
 
 9279-X 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING BURKAU 
 
 1910 
 
 No. 85. 
 
• • • 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 i • •• • 
 
 ,• • • • 
 
 • • • • • • 
 
 ■ • • « • 
 
ADTAHOE OBAFTEB OF THE ANNUAL REPOIT ON THE MINEBAL PRODUOnOH 
 OF CANADA DUBING THE OALENBAil TEAE 1909. 
 
 
 STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND CLAY PRODUCTS. 
 
 Tho BubjecU inclutled under this heiuling coinpriiie, in the order tn-ated : 
 cement ; clay products of variouit kinds, such nx brick, sewerpipe and tile, pottery 
 etc. ; lime ; Band-lime brick ; iiandx and gravels ; alat^ ; and stone for building and 
 other purposed, including granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, etc. 
 
 That the year 1909 was one of record activity in the building trades, is evi- 
 denced by the greatly increased pioduction of all ciasseH of structural materials ; 
 nor was the increase confined to any p.irticular section of the country, but appears 
 to have been general throughout all the provinces. The value of cempnt sales in 
 1909 shows an increase of 44 per cent over I90W ; clay products show an increase 
 of 43 per cent ; lime, an increase of 58-8 per cent ; and stone production alno « 
 very large increase. The total value of the sales of these several classes of products 
 in 1909 was 816,533,.319, as coropare<l with a valuation in 1908 of 811,339,955 ; 
 showing an apparent increase in production of $5,193,394, or 4<5-8 per cent. 
 Part of this increase, however, may possibly be ascribed to a more complete collec- 
 tion of the statistics for 1909, a special effort having been mode to increase the 
 efficiency of the returns, particularly as regards the statistics of clay and stone 
 production. 
 
 A summary of the production of structural materials and clay products 
 during the past four years is shown Ijelow : — 
 
 luoe. 
 
 Cemc 
 
 Clay <li, 
 
 Lime. 
 
 Sand-h^ 
 
 Sand anil K'UVtls (exports). 
 
 Slate 
 
 Stonp 
 
 3,170,859 
 5,072,635 
 1,009,177 
 
 139.712 
 
 24,44A 
 
 2,113,099 
 
 1907. 
 
 190R. 
 
 3,781,371 
 
 6,772,117 
 
 974,595 
 
 107,7!t5 
 
 11»,HM 
 
 20,a-)0 
 
 2,027,202 
 
 t 
 
 3,709,964 
 
 4.500,702 
 
 712,"47 
 
 152,856 
 
 161,387 
 
 13,4»(i 
 
 2,088,613 
 
 1!KH>. 
 
 * 
 
 6,45U,S)0 
 
 1,132,766 
 
 201,090 
 
 256,166 
 
 19,000 
 
 3,127,135 
 
 Total 11,530,528 I 12.86.3.049 11,3;{9.».")5 i 10,53:1,349 
 
 The structural materials and clay products are a class for which it would be 
 supposed, and not without reason, that Canada possessed practically unlimited 
 supplies of the raw materials. It is, therefore, a matter of some regret, to still find 
 large importations, particularly of clay and stone products. 
 
 9279-1 J 
 
Witli rvHppct Ut cement it luay be obHerveil that nine yemn kgo, or in 11K)1, 
 64 per cent of the cement coniumecl in CAnada wiw importe<J. Tlit> ;,'rowth 
 of the cement industry, huwever, lian lieen Nuch, that in ISO!) the impoit* of cement 
 amounteti to only 3 per cent of the total conaumption, showing tha undoubted 
 value of our rotourceH in cement materials and the ability of Canadian cement 
 inilln to Nupply the home ilemand. 
 
 With clay products the cunditiom arc somewhat different. The value of the 
 pro<iuction in 1900 wan ettim it«d it 19.1,195,105, which had grown to #0,450,840 
 in 1909, an incroAse of abiut 102 per cent. During the lame |>eriod the value 
 of the iinportx of clay products increased from 81.228,405 in 1900 t') 83,247,539 
 in 1909, or an increase of about 152 pt^r cent. In other words, the imports in 1900 
 constituted about 28 per cent of the total consumiitiun, but the proportion had 
 increaM'-d in 1909 to over 3J per cent. Thus Canada's imports of clay goods have 
 apparently iluring the past ten years been increasing at a more rapid rate than the 
 home pnxiuction. This situation is no doubt due in largo measure to our failurr 
 up to the present, to locate or discover commercially available clays suitable for 
 the manufacture of the better grades of clay products, also, it is probably due in 
 no small measure to a general lack of technical training in methods and processe.M 
 of clay working. 
 
 Limestone is found in abundance in almost every province of the Dominion. 
 Both the exports and imports of lime are con., aratively small and the production 
 is consequently limited only by demand for home consumption. 
 
 There is a considerable importation of stone both for building and decorative 
 puiposes, the annual imports during the past four years having averaged in valre 
 somewhat above half a million dollars. Questions of economic expediency, and the 
 pers>nal desires of builders, have no doubt much to do with this, since there can 
 be n'> doubt of the existenca in Canid i, in practically limitless quantities, of all 
 kinds of stonu of the best quality for either building or decorative pu^^oses. 
 
 The development of both the clay and stone industries will proceed much more 
 rapidly as the country grows in population and wealth, and when our resources in 
 these products become better known and understood. 
 
 CEMENT. 
 
 Natural rock cement was not made in Canada in 1909, nor w jre any of the 
 natural rock plants in operation in 1908, though a small quantity was sold during 
 that year from the previous year's manufacture. 
 
 This industry, at one time of considerable importance in the Province of 
 Ontario, has gradually given way to the manufacture of Portland cement, the 
 production of which has shown a steady and rapid growth since its inception in 
 1890 or thereabouts. There is now also one plant at Sydney, N.S., making 
 cement from blast furnace slag, the statistics of production being included with 
 those of Portland cement. 
 
Ttie total value of e«in««nt iialeM in lOOi) <>xo«>«Him) ftvo million Hollitr*. 
 eltatiKtics of tho tot«l annuiil n-.I«4 of naiurnl rook and Portlan<l loinant itince 
 1887 arc (hown in thu talili* followiuK : — 
 
 Annual Produi tlon of C«mant.* 
 
 Cttli-n>Ur Y)<)ir. 
 
 Nttttiral Kiwh 
 
 ClIllMlt. 
 
 I'l.rtlaiiil 
 
 r.'iiiHiit. 
 
 TotaU. 
 
 
 HI*. 
 
 \'»lm'. 
 
 Bl.. 
 
 V»Ju.'. 
 
 It!.. 
 
 Vttliic. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 * 
 
 .'< 
 
 lf»KT 
 
 IWH 
 
 
 
 
 
 t;'t.f4.'< 
 
 M.fKIO 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wl.fMiM 
 
 i.'i..v,i3 
 
 imt... : 
 
 !«.4r-i 
 
 Wl.7!»<» 
 
 Nil. 
 
 Nil. 
 
 )«t,4r4 
 
 lilt, 790 
 
 vm 
 
 Hr,.v.'i 
 
 IHI,H|tt 
 
 74,.<!B 
 lia,47!t 
 
 U.tHW. 
 
 2,ii;t;« 
 
 17.WS 
 .M(H2 
 
 l<l'.'.21li 
 
 nn6 
 
 li«i 
 
 IIM,.'...! 
 
 ma 
 
 HH,1S7 
 
 !M.!M1! 
 
 •£<,-£i\ 
 
 .•.2,7;.l 
 
 117.4"S 
 
 ur.'^a 
 
 1808 
 
 VJ<>,ti7'( 
 
 i:iO,Ili7 
 
 .HI.'.r.M 
 
 •Uf.MH 
 
 I.'*t,r.!i7 
 
 I!i4.li|fi 
 
 IHW 
 
 7a. '.Hi.-. 
 
 74.HfJ 
 
 :f\i77 
 
 mt.7\K> 
 
 nw.ii'j 
 
 14l.isl7 
 
 1«« 
 
 IMi,:!IM 
 
 w),;!!.'! 
 
 tlL'.tlT.'. 
 
 112,HH<I 
 
 l>,2".tl 
 
 173,tl7.'. 
 
 lom 
 
 7ii,7"(i 
 
 !»,»») 
 
 7»,;w 
 
 141,151 
 
 l4tl,il!NI 
 
 v!iii,(;-.i 
 
 18W 
 
 ST., I.*i0 
 
 m.H'.a 
 
 Il!l,7tl3 
 
 ilf.'.SHII 
 
 2tl.\-JlM 
 
 27.-I.-.T3 
 
 IHMH 
 
 H7,i>r, 
 
 7:t.4i3 
 
 lt',:t,«im 
 
 a.M.itw 
 
 2ft0.2«l» 
 
 31I7,.'.(«) 
 
 l«t» 
 
 U7.:w 
 
 li;t,w>M 
 
 •J .\'«Ml 
 
 r>i:i.i)H3 
 
 ;«ttt,;.'i;i 
 
 »B.I,'.".»l 
 
 IflflO 
 
 l'i->,42H 
 
 '.•!t,i»!»4 
 
 aic-viai 
 
 .'.(i2.<)lH 
 
 4i7..wa 
 
 WiL'.dlO 
 
 inoi 
 
 i:«,.T2H 
 
 !»l,41.% 
 
 ;u7.oii.i 
 
 .v.5,«ir. 
 
 l.-.<i.:;!i4 
 
 IMitl.OW 
 
 IWB 
 
 127,!».'ll 
 
 «H,«:« 
 
 WU..MW 
 
 l,l>2M.(ilH 
 
 7-'2,.->2.'. 
 
 \.\-2:.:<fn 
 
 1*18 
 
 1«.V.V2 
 
 74,<l.'«"> 
 
 ti'.7,741 
 
 i,ivi,.'.!ta 
 
 71'.».".Kt;t 
 
 l,:'-A'.'47 
 
 WOI 
 
 •lii.HH 
 
 M.-m 
 
 <.)iii,:i.-.M 
 
 \,-jH7.'.m 
 
 !HJ7,172 
 
 l,«.ls,'.>.TJ 
 
 11)05 
 
 14. IW 
 
 H.tllO 
 
 VI 274 
 
 ii.iir>2 
 
 I,:mi.fi»S 
 2,ll!l.7t!l 
 
 l,!tl:<.7«» 
 .■»,l<H.s.)7 
 
 \.-Mnt,7:Ki 
 2,12M,.»7» 
 
 1.!I24,0I« 
 
 lUWl 
 
 3,i;(i.H.-i9 
 
 1H07 
 
 .^,775 
 
 4.0 i:i 
 
 2,4;tti,!ii« 
 
 :»,777,32« 
 
 '.'.Ul.StN 
 
 •t--*l,371 
 
 1!.0H 
 
 l.Olt 
 
 SI.-. 
 
 2,ti«ri.Mt 
 
 ;i,7(»!t,i:«t 
 
 2,ii(;(>,3 i;i 
 
 ::,7<i'.i,!r4 
 
 1900 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 4,Oi.7,7*)!) 
 
 fl,346,H()2 
 
 4,lH17,701t 
 
 r>,;H.\M03 
 
 
 
 * (juantitira Hild or Hhi|i|x^. 
 
 Accordini; to return>t receivctl from tho mnnufacturors, tho total ([UBiitity of 
 Portl'tnd o«*iuent (indudinj; KJag cempnt) inivde in (^unada, 190'.', wtts 4, 1 16,7(J8 
 barrels of 350 pounds net, ns compared with ■3,4'J.'>,<JUl barrels in 1908 ; an increase 
 of 650,747 barreKs, or 18-6 percent 
 
 The total quantity of Canadian Portland cement sold in 1909 wa« 4,007,709 
 barrels, as compared with 2,665, "289 barrels in 1908 ; or an increase of 1,402,420 
 barrels, or 52 ' 6 per cent 
 
 Tho total consumptic Portland cement in 1909, includinj^ Ciinadian and 
 
 imported cements, was 4,209,903 harrels (of 3.50 pound.s nei^, as compiu'ed with 
 3,134,338 barrels in 1908 ; or an increase of 1,075,565 hariels, or .}4-3 p^r "enfc. 
 
 An intereHting feature of the cument industry is the rapid decrease in ituporta- 
 tion of cement, indicatini; the increasing ability of Canadian plan' s to supply the 
 home demand. The imports in 1909, which werc^ 142, tD4 barrels, amnunte<l to 
 only 3 per cent of the total coniumptiun, as compared with l."> per cent in 
 1908, and 64 percent in 1901. 
 
DvUilad lUtiatieal ratania rottpecting the ■took on hand at the hf^inning 
 aad end of the year, tii« total value and price per liarrel, the number of 
 men mupioyed and wagiw paid, the quantity and value of the import* eto. for the 
 jearo IWH and 1909 an* "hown in c>>iDparalive form in the following table : — 
 
 OomyariMB of Prodoetion, lalea, and Importo of PortUnd Otmrat la 1908 
 
 1909. 
 
 
 
 IMW. 
 
 igi«. 
 
 IncrxaM*. 
 
 i 
 
 IH ti 
 IWI'6 
 
 D«cr»*w. 
 
 
 CWIHII <«>l<l HI*. 
 
 Cwiwiit iimimriu:tun«l 
 
 ■j,itHr>,aMi 
 
 3, lltMMil 
 
 i.aM.tKi 
 
 .i,rt)ii,i;» 
 1 :«• 
 
 1,27.1,(138 
 S,<KW 
 
 4,0«7,rO!t 
 4,l«l,70f 
 
 i.<»i»*,2:«!i 
 I,l77,l»t» 
 
 l,4(K.'.4a» 
 •WI.747 
 714,MN) 
 
 i,n:w,wi3 
 
 
 
 Mtuik im hsiiil, .l»n. 1 m 
 
 •• M l>w. SI 
 
 »8;7J8 
 
 08 
 
 ».A10 
 
 MI 
 
 ■ 8'6 
 
 ValuK of cpirifnt wtkl . 9 
 
 \ymgn primi |M>r M • 
 
 W>K'« l«i<l • 
 
 ft,34.\t«« 
 
 LSI 
 l,'*:«.12H 
 a,41tH 
 
 «4 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 5 
 
 Men riii|>l(iyt«l Nu. 
 
 
 
 17U 
 
 
 
 
 
 Imuirta <>( PortUnil cimimt . . 111*. 
 Valtu- of winHit t 
 
 4«»,IM9 
 ASl.lHn 
 MS 
 
 I4i.l»t 
 l)l«t,tH)9 
 1 17 
 
 :::•■■•:.: 
 
 
 33H,gaO 
 S«4,37ri 
 
 887 
 OM'8 
 
 Avvrnge price [mt IiI 9 
 
 M 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total oonKtiniption of i-entpnt in 
 Citnwlii IiI*. 
 
 3,134, iOM 
 
 4,209,l»t'3 
 
 1 
 34 3! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ko. of conipl^ti-tl |i|Mita op«4mUNl, . . 
 
 as 
 
 27.r><io 
 
 82 
 23,060 
 
 
 1 
 4,4SO 
 
 43 
 
 Total iliiily ca|iauity of nitrating 
 plant* u at Dec. 31 . III*. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 16 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 * The Canada Cenx-nt Coni|«ny hava nia'te a iioin>>what mora conservative eetimate of the oap- 
 ai'itiiw of their several plant* than wa« inatlx )>y tliu previous opera^n. 
 
 The production of Fortlacid cement in 1909 was derived from 22 operating 
 plants with a total daily capacity of 23,050 barrelx, nquivalcnt to about 6,9ir:,000 
 barrels per year of 300 operating days. Tliis capacity is ab«)' t 00 per cent in 
 flXCesH of the prasent rate of conitunipiion. It will be obierved, i. wever, that the 
 consumption in 1909 showed an increase of 34 per cent over that of 1908, and 
 should a similar rate of increase be lual tained during the next two years, it 
 would require a fairly steady operation of present plants to supply demand. The 
 operating plants were distributed as follows : i>.ie i'l Nova Kcutia, using blast 
 furnace sUg ; one in Manitoba, making a naturi tiand cement ; one in British 
 
 Columbia, two in Alberta, and three in Quebec using limestone and clay ; and 
 fourteen in Ontario, of which, eleven us d marl and three limestone. The mills of 
 the Imperial Cement Company, Ltd., Owen Sound, and the Colonial Portland 
 
CwMot Ca, WUrton, wore idle thmuKhout th«" yv*r, the fonner Comp»ny'« artWim 
 havinK be««n plaoml In lh« \wnh <>f aii awiiKtiM, aiul tho UtUir un<l«r;(oint{ rft»r 
 KHiiiMtion, tiMs nfiw C«mp»ny t<) \m known «« Tho Cn»wii Portland C.-iiieiit Com- 
 panj, Ltd. I*oth <>f th«ww Compiiiifii u*ed in»rl. Tha total daily cafmuity of tha 
 planU UNinx marl wa^ 1,-\W UrreK, a* onmpariHl wiili l'>,7<)0 Urn-U jht duv t'.r 
 all other i-laiiU. T\u> two marl plant* not operated an- luipiM^I f.»r a ilaily .ui^- 
 cityof l,l(M»barrt>lH, Uf the total quanlity ofr»'rm'iit niiulo in l'.H)l», SlOjOO IwirrcU 
 were made (n)m marl and .1,:» tJ.OOJ UnoU from limouton.' and »la«. In \\>0X 
 there were 1,573,090 barrel* raaile from marl and 1,92:Vh71 barrels from lime- 
 ■tono and ulaK' 
 
 It in not poMible to give the dfladmi fUtiiitica of , xluction in ••ai-h of the 
 provineen lepirately, a« returned to thn Uepartim-nt, without divul,,{in)( conlidcntial 
 returna. The production in Ontario may b«' neparatoly utatod, however, ami that 
 of the other prf)viii.;eM grou[ted in one tttatument a» followw : — 
 
 OtBMBt Production in Ontario, 1908 and 1909. 
 
 Cvment mM Bin. 
 
 Cemttnt iiianufitGtiirwl 
 
 Htrick un )iaii<l, -Inn. I • 
 
 HtiicL un liMicI, !)<«. 31 » 
 
 VnluF of comrnt wild 9 
 
 Wittttw paid ( 
 
 Mm KinplnyBd No- 
 Total daily opacity of u|ivr- 
 ating planta Bli. 
 
 lilt; 
 
 1,.'>I»,HWI 
 
 2.ii'tl.7:t7 
 
 314,57U 
 
 MI2.4:«) 
 
 i,yaH.MR 
 «30,uftr> 
 
 I.IIIU 
 
 u,goti 
 
 IWHt. 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 [QCri-aiHf. j 
 
 it«;M4i 
 
 2<i«,B'W 
 
 t:>i,2<.i4 
 i.l74!4oa 
 
 ! 
 % 
 
 2.4112,027 
 
 2.2«<;t,2<i.» 
 
 7tir..s73 
 
 5H7,li« 
 
 .1.IM4 218 
 
 tilM,(i:'U 
 
 I.IHO 
 
 , U4rio 
 
 i 
 
 •13 1 
 
 13 2 
 
 143 .-> 
 
 Hi 5' 
 
 
 
 
 
 t>r«rMM«. 
 
 22. .331 I 
 
 30i31t! 
 
 27!l 
 
 2,4«> 
 
 27 7 
 
 4 8 
 17 2 
 
 m 
 
 Cement Production in otlier Provineee, 1908 and 190i 
 
 Ceineut wild BIh. 
 
 Cnnont manufactured " 
 
 Stuck on hand, Jan. 1 t. 
 
 Stuck on hand, Dec. 31 •• 
 
 Value of cement sold 8 
 
 Wagea paid 8 
 
 Men empluyed No. 
 
 Total daily capacity of oper- 
 ating plant» Bla. 
 
 ItKW. 
 
 IIHW. 
 
 Increaae. 
 
 Decri-aae. 
 
 l,0ti«,4O3 l,6««,»W2 
 
 l,47!l,224 l.»«W,445 
 
 »W,770 332.3tHi 
 
 .ioi,.'')9i , mwa 
 
 l,79'.t,324 2.2<11.5H4 
 
 f H,ti»0 
 1,410 
 
 12,fitlO 
 
 65U,4Hy 
 l.l.'iS 
 
 10.000 
 
 .3»,27" 
 :W 1.221 
 
 2«3,.'>!m 
 
 1»W.."),SK 
 
 462.2tMI 1 
 
 22,H0« 
 
 I 
 
 .■II r, 
 
 2t« 
 
 \W.VA 
 
 4« !» 
 
 2rv7 
 
 3 tl 
 
 252 
 
 1 S.dOO 
 
 17 '.» 
 20 U 
 
Statistics of tlie annual production of Portland cement for a number of years 
 showing the quantity made, the .luantity sold, stocks on hand, at the end of tha 
 year, value of sales, etc., are shown in the next table :— 
 
 Annual Prodaction of Portland Cement 
 
 Qiiaiiti 
 
 tity 
 
 HarrclH. 
 
 1897. . 
 1H!»S., 
 1H99. . . 
 1900. . 
 19(11. . . 
 1902. . 
 VMi. . . 
 1904... 
 ]9tt-.... 
 190»i. . . 
 1!K>7- . 
 liKW. . . 
 190!!. . . 
 
 liimntity 
 
 Sul.l. 
 
 On hand 
 I)f«. 31. 
 
 Value of 
 
 SillfB. 
 
 BurrelH. 
 
 BarnL. 
 
 .3tM),l<M) 
 5ll2,3:i,-> 
 7l4,i:»i 
 !H)S,!t',IO 
 I,5U,5tW 
 a,l52..5(;2 
 
 2,v.n.r>i3 
 
 3,4!t.'),!r>li 
 4,14<i,"O.Si 
 
 119,7(i;i 
 
 ira.0H4 
 
 2.")f),»i*) 
 292,124 
 
 ;H7,oo(i 
 
 .'i!t4.5!l4 
 027,741 
 
 9ii),:)r)H 
 
 l,31(!,.'iIH 
 2,ll!t,7(i4 
 2,4a!,(»!t3 
 
 2,(a>r),2S!i' 
 
 4,007,709 
 
 r>S,0!t4 
 
 :«,44(i 
 
 128,3,S(i 
 112,0>1 
 
 :<oo,4(Mi: 
 :¥)2,am' 
 
 3.">4,4.i,") 
 1,214,021 
 1,77",2.'W 
 
 20!l,a«0 
 324, IIM 
 
 r)(>2,91(> 
 .'iie.til.'i 
 I,02SC18 
 I,iri0,.'j!l2 
 1,287,992 
 1,913,740 
 3,ir.4,807 
 3,777,32S 
 .'i,70!t.i:«t 
 
 r>,;t45,802 
 
 Average 
 IKT barrel. 
 
 Daily 
 Ca|iacity . 
 
 $ cts. liarrelH. 
 
 1 7.'> 
 
 1 9!t I 
 
 2 01 
 
 1 91 
 1 78 
 1 73 
 1 83 
 1 41 
 1 42 
 1 4!l 
 
 1 :..'-. 
 
 1 3!t 
 1 31 
 
 ,S,!KK) 
 4,8.")0 
 
 8,000 
 10,000 
 14,4110 
 27,r.(K) 
 2.3, ftW 
 
 Prices :— Manufacturers' prices of cement in car lots, cost of package excluded, 
 as qu()te<J by the Canadian Cement and Concrete Review, were as follows :— 
 
 Toronto .—Dorinfi thp first three moritlis of tlie yoir, prices ranged from 
 $1.55 to.?1.75 per Iwrre! jf.ooi April to December, the range wis from SI 30 
 to.$I.G5. 
 
 Afontreal .— Quotations .lurin;,' the lirst three months, SI .G5 to $1 .75 ; April 
 to December, .^1 . 35 to §1 . G5. 
 
 Winnippg .— Quotations throughout the year, $2 . 25 to 2 . 40 per barrel. 
 
 Imimrl^ and E.rportf. .—There has been very little cement exportetl from 
 Canada .luring past years, the value of the exports in 1U07 being 89,618 ; this was 
 increased in 1908 to a value of .?.U,591, and a further increase in 1909 is recorded, 
 the exports being valued at •'Jl 13,:5G2. The .jua.itity exported is not shown in the 
 Customs Reports. 
 
 The imports of Portland cem(!nt, which, previous to 1904, were larger than 
 the Canadian production, h*ve been decreasing since 190G, and amounted in 1909 
 to only 142, 194 barrels, or aljout 3 per cent of the consumption ; as compared with 
 imports of 469,049 Urrels, or 15 per cent of the consumption in 1908. A duty 
 of 12J cents per 100 pounds, equivalent to 43J cents per barrel of 350 pounds net, 
 is levied on imports. The weight of the package is, however, included for pur- 
 poses of duty. 
 
During 1907 and 1908 the greater part of the cement imported wiis from the 
 United States, over 53 per cent of the imports being from that source during the 
 latter year. During 1909, however, over 64 per cent of the imports was derived 
 from Great Britain and less than 30 per cent from the United States. 
 
 The importa of cement during lUOfSaud 1909 by countries were as follows ; 
 
 _ 't 
 
 Cwt. 
 
 1908. 
 
 /o 
 
 Viilui'. 
 
 
 19<H». 
 
 
 Cwt. 1 
 
 1 
 
 "/ 
 
 Value. 
 
 ( Jreat Rritain 
 
 Unitwl Statw 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Other raiimtries . ■ 
 
 (K)l,527 
 
 :xt2,576 
 
 12S.7:W 
 
 h,h;u 
 
 avc.; 
 ^5•oi 
 
 7Hj 
 
 1 
 
 202,i:«l 
 
 2t<3,H'.l!l 
 
 4IP,S5<> 
 
 4,151 
 
 322.1411 
 14:i.!Hi2 
 
 l,\7lll; 
 
 i3,S(lll 
 
 Ml 
 
 29 3 
 3-2 
 
 2-.S 
 
 100 
 
 104,<I60 
 
 51.222 
 
 5,029 
 
 T,.t.ilii 
 
 Kiiuiviilfiit in Imrrfla 
 
 1.641,(i72 
 4(i'.l,0Ut 
 
 !)!f9 
 
 531,045 
 
 4!)7,tl7H^ 
 
 142,191 
 
 1 
 
 16<!,669 
 
 Statistics of tlu! export of cement since 1891 ami of the imports since 1880 
 are given in the next two tables : — 
 
 Exports of Cement. 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Valiu'. 
 
 1891 2,881 
 
 1892 i '.•.%s 
 
 18!I3 1.172 
 
 1S94 ' 482 
 
 1895 ! 937 
 
 18!Ni 1,328 
 
 1897 <i44 
 
 Calemlar Year. V.ilu> . 
 
 i ^ 
 
 1898 I 2,117 
 
 18'.«» 2,73:$ 
 
 liKtO 3,2!H> 
 
 I'.Wl 1.514 
 
 1!H12 2,21(7 
 
 1903 2.8,-.l 
 
 Calindar Year. 
 
 1904. 
 1'.KI5. 
 190t>. 
 1907 
 
 19118. 
 190".). 
 
 Value. 
 
 s 
 
 5,494 
 3,143 
 7,.").51 
 9,tilS 
 .■t4,.-|91 
 13,»;2 
 
10 
 
 Importa of Cement into Oanad* 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 Cement and 
 Mfni. of, 
 
 N. RS. 
 
 18«0.. 
 1881. 
 
 1882 . 
 1883.. 
 1884.. 
 
 1883 . 
 
 ism . 
 
 1887.. 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 . 
 
 1890.. 
 
 ia91 . . 
 
 1892.. 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1895.. 
 
 1896.. 
 
 1897. 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 
 
 1900 
 
 1901....- ••. 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 . ... 
 
 1907 (9 mod.). 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 2!I8 
 
 86 
 
 548 
 
 1,236 
 
 1,315 
 
 1,851 
 
 1,419 
 
 5,787 
 
 10,668 
 
 5,443 
 
 2,890 
 
 3,3»; 
 
 2,909 
 
 2,618 
 
 2,112 
 
 3,672 
 
 4,318 
 
 3,263 
 
 8,929 
 10,152 
 
 4,890 
 12,234 
 16,281 
 I4,3Ij5 
 18,489 
 27,858 
 16,201 
 12.418 
 
 6,733 
 
 Hydraulic Cement. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Pui-tland Cement. 
 
 Barrels. Value. 
 
 10,034 
 7,812 
 11,945 < 
 11,(«9 ; 
 8,606 
 5,613 
 6,164 I 
 6,100 i 
 
 6,6:% ; 
 
 6.836 I 
 6.440 i 
 .S,516 I 
 2,214 j 
 4,896 : 
 1.054 I 
 6,333 I 
 6,688 I 
 2,494 I 
 
 Cwt. I 
 
 16,033 
 
 1,<!78 
 
 10,418 
 
 17,784 
 
 29,5>45 
 
 I3,6i(0 
 
 12,088 
 
 16.!Hi1 
 
 10.794 
 
 1,192 
 
 18,860 
 
 438 
 
 $ 
 
 10,306 
 7,821 
 13,410 
 13,7.'>5 
 9,514 
 5,390 
 6,028 I 
 8.784 , 
 7,522 ! 
 7,167 ' 
 9,048 ' 
 6, 1.52 1 
 2,782 
 8,060 
 
 985 I 
 7.001 
 8,948 
 3,937 
 
 7,097 
 
 Ii94 
 
 4,711 
 
 6,86.') 
 
 17,756 
 
 5,.S9l 
 
 10,690 
 
 4,034 
 
 686 
 
 6,710 
 
 466 
 
 102,7.tO 
 122,402 
 122,273 
 1!'2.3.'2 
 183,728 
 187,233 
 229,492 
 224,l.->0 
 19ti,281 
 204,407 
 210,8?! 
 
 Cwt. 
 
 I,07.'?,a58 
 1.300,424 
 1.301,3il 
 1,6I2,43'2 
 1,971,616 
 2,316,853 
 2,^76,388 
 4,228,394 
 2,848,582 
 1,.')51,493 
 2,427,381 
 1,4W),850 
 
 6.'),774 
 4.5,646 
 66,579 
 102.537 
 102,857 
 111,521 
 120,398 
 148,054 
 177,158 
 179,406 
 313,572 
 .Sn4,648 
 281,553 
 316,179 
 280,841 
 242,813 
 242,409 
 252,.')87 
 
 355,264 
 467,994 
 498,607 
 6.54, .596 
 833,a57 
 868,131 
 9it5,017 
 l,2Hi:i!l 
 963,839 
 523,120 
 8.-)2,041 
 475,676 
 
 • Cement not elsewhere specified and manufactures of cement. 
 
 Consumption oj Cement. — Although the exports of cement have been in- 
 creasing during the past two years, the value is still comparatively small, and as 
 the qu>intity has not been recorded, the consumption has been estimated on the 
 basis of the Canadian production and the imports. 
 
 The total consumption of Portland cement in Canada in 1909 was 4,209,903 
 barrels (736,733 ton'*) : made up of 4,067,709 barrels (711,849 tons) of Canadian 
 cement, or 97 percent ; and 142,194 barrels (24,884 tons; of imported cement, or 
 3 per cent. 
 
 In 1908, the total consumption was 3,134,338 barrels (548,509 tons), of which 
 85 per cent was made in Canada, and 15 percent imported. 
 
 In 1901, the total consumption was 872,966 barrels (152,769 tons), of which 
 only 36 per cent was made in Canada, and 64 per cent was imported. 
 
11 
 
 Following ia an estimate of the consumption of Portland cem«nt in Canada 
 during the past nine years : — 
 
 
 Annual Oonsomption of Portland Cement. 
 
 
 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Canadian. 
 
 Iiii|>orted. 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 BarreU. 
 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 1 
 
 7= 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 1901 
 
 317,066 
 
 36 
 
 556,900 
 844,954 
 773,(!78 
 7«4,H.<0 
 918,701 
 665,845 
 67-',<aO 
 469,049 
 142,194 
 
 64 
 48 
 55 
 46 
 41 
 24 
 22 
 15 
 3 
 
 872,966 
 
 1902. 
 1903 
 
 
 .594,594 52 
 627,741 i 45 
 
 910,358 1 .54 
 
 1,139,548 
 1,401,419 
 
 1904 
 
 
 1,«!I4,988 
 
 1905.. 
 1906.. 
 1907. 
 1908. 
 1909. 
 
 
 1,346,548 
 2,119,764 
 2,436,093 
 
 4,067,709 
 
 !59 
 76 
 78 
 
 85 
 97 
 
 2,-Ji:5,249 
 2,785 609 
 3,108,723 
 .3,1!M,3.38 
 4,209,903 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 The Superintendent of Mines for the Province publishes the production of 
 cement in 1909 as 1,011,194 barrels, valued at 81,314,551 ; as compared with a 
 production of 801,695 barrels, valued at $1,127,335, in 1908. All the operating 
 plants in this Province have been acquire<i by the Canada Cement Company. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Statistics of cement production in Ontario have already been given in detail in 
 tabular form, the total sales for 1909 being 2,462,027 barrels, valued at e.},084,218- 
 There were 14 plants in operation during 1909, of which six controlled by the 
 Canada Cement Co:iipany produced the greater part of the cement .sold. 
 
 Alberta. 
 
 There are two operating cement plants in this Province : one at Calgary, now 
 owned by the Canada Cement Company, and a plant at Exshaw owned by the 
 Western Canada Cement and Coal Company. A third plant was under construc- 
 tion at Blairmore by the Rocky Mountain Cement Company, with a proposed 
 capacity of 500 barrels per day. 
 
 British Columbia. 
 
 There is but one cement plant in this Province, viz., that located at Tod inlet, 
 twelve miles from Victoria, and operated by the Vancouver Portland Cement Co. 
 The capacity of the plant is about 1,000 barrels a day, and during 1909 the Com- 
 pany made about 238,000 barrels of cement. 
 
12 
 
 A feature of special interest in connexion with the cement industry in 1909 
 was the consolidation of ten plants, incorporated as the Canada Cement Company, 
 Ltd. The following companies entered the consolidation : — 
 
 The Vulcan Portland Cement Co., Ltd., Longue Point, Que. 
 
 The Lakefteld 
 
 Tiie International <i n 
 
 The Owen Siiuud n n 
 
 The Belleville 
 
 The Lehigh >i „ 
 
 Lakefield n n 
 
 The Canadian i h 
 
 The Alberta Portland Cement Co., 
 
 Pointe aux Tmiihles, Que. 
 Hull, Que. 
 Shallow Lake, Ont. 
 Belleville, Ont. 
 
 II 
 Lakefield, Ont. 
 
 Marlbank and Port Colborne, 
 • Ont. 
 Caljjary, Aha. 
 
 Following is a list of cement manufacturing companies : — 
 
 Xiinic. 
 
 Sydney Ciinent Company, Ltd 
 
 Canada Cfinent Oonipaiiy, Ltd 
 
 Montreal Mill Xo. 1 
 
 .. No. 2 
 
 International Mill 
 
 < )wen Sound 
 
 Belleville u 
 
 Ijeliitrh I. 
 
 Laketielil n 
 
 Marlbank h 
 
 Port Coll)orne 
 
 Alberta n 
 
 Grey and Bruce Portland Cement Co 
 
 The.Sun Portland Cement Co., Ltd. (Inliciuidationj. 
 
 The Im(H'rial .i u 
 
 Hanover .. „ 
 
 The Ontario ., „ 
 
 The National ,. ,i 
 
 Kirkfield „ 
 
 SuiMTior .. .1 
 
 The Maple Leaf .. .. 
 
 Tt e Crown m i, 
 
 The Coiunicrcial Cement Co., Lt<l 
 
 The Western Canada Cement & Coal Co 
 
 Vancouver Portland Cement Co 
 
 Ijocation of Plant. 
 
 Head Office. 
 
 Sydney, N.H. 
 
 Longue I'oint, (^ue 
 
 Kilbourn Siding, t^ue.. 
 
 Hull, Que 
 
 Shallow Lake, Ont . . . . 
 Belleville, Ont 
 
 Svdney, N.S. 
 Jtuntreal, (^ue. 
 
 I.«ke(ield, Ont 
 
 .Marlbank, Ont 
 
 I'ort CoU)orne, Ont . 
 Calgary, Alta .... 
 Owen Sound, Ont Owen .Hound, Ont. 
 
 ■i 
 
 Hiinover, Ont H.anover, Ont. 
 
 Blue Lake, Ont Brantford, Ont. 
 
 Durham, Ont Durham, Ont. 
 
 Raven lake, Ont Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Orangeville, Ont Orangeville, Ont. 
 
 Atwood, Ont Lintcwel, Ont. 
 
 I Wiarton, Ont. 
 
 Balicock, Mivn Winniiieu, Man. 
 
 Kxxhaw Alta Ottaw.a, Ont. 
 
 Tod inlet, B.C i Victoria, B.C. 
 
 Following is a list of companies buiMing, or contemplating the erection 
 of mills : — 
 
 Ben .\llan Portland Cement Co Owen Sound, Ont. 
 
 LakeMedal ., „ Hamiltcm, Ont. 
 
 Bell's Lake n Markdale, Ont. 
 
 The Brant „ Brantford, Ont. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain Cement Co , Blairniore, Alta. 
 
 Canada Cement Co., (Quebec Mill) Montreal, Que-. 
 
13 
 
 CLAT PRODUCTS. 
 
 The clay products made in Canada comprisie brick of various kinds, including 
 common and pressed brick, paving, ornamental, and fancy brick, firebrick, porous 
 fireproofing brick and blocks, sewerpipe, drain tile, pottery and sanitary ware. 
 
 There are a larpje number of manufacturers of brick whose individual output 
 is comparatively small, and in past years it has benn somewhat difficult to 
 obtain complete returns of production. Our circular inquiry for 1909 was sup- 
 plemented by a personal canvas in the Province of Ontario, with very satisfactory 
 results, there being an evident willingness on the part of practically all producers 
 to make the statistics as complete as possible. 
 
 The prompt co-operation of all clay manufacturers in furni'<hing returns of 
 production would enable the Department to publiMh the statistics much earlier 
 than has hitherto been possible. 
 
 The statistics of production given herewith represent actual sales ; material 
 produced but held in stock over the end of the year, not being included until dis- 
 posed of. 
 
 According to the returns received the total value of the clay products sold in 
 1909 was $«,450,840, as compared with a total valuation iu 1908 of 84,500,702 ; 
 an increase of 81,950,138, or 43 '3 per cent. The total value of the clay products 
 sold in 1907 was $5,772,117; in 1906 it was .?5,072,635, and in 1905, §4,709,842. 
 
 Of the total value of the clay production in 1909, about 76 per cent was made 
 up of building and paving brick, and about 16 per cent of sewerpipe and tile. 
 
 The production by classes is shown as follows : — 
 
 Production of Clay Prodncts, 1908 and 1909. 
 
 
 
 1908. 
 
 i 
 
 
 l!t09. 
 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 1 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per M 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 "VaUie. 
 
 Per M 
 
 Bricks - 
 
 Cuiuinon Xo. 
 
 Vresswl ,t 
 
 Paving 
 
 Ornamental 
 
 :<.'j;i.2(!i,2(W 
 
 53,480,7Kt 
 3,719,'Jtil 
 
 2,011, rwii 
 
 517,180l 
 59,4r><i 
 
 i»,5a-) 
 
 110,302; 
 
 170,211 
 200,641' 
 f>lt,:«i2 
 2il8,5«ili 
 
 4,500,702: 
 
 8 CtH. 
 
 7 30 
 
 9 07 
 
 15 08 
 
 5,'<9,2-.'.S,7n8 
 
 .57,2li4,t)50 
 
 3,750,803 
 
 8 
 4.212,424 
 
 tj;iip,(i77 
 
 07,408 
 
 S,8««, 
 
 78,1.12 
 
 113,8(Mi 
 285,28 1 
 045,722 
 408,440 
 
 .? CtH. 
 
 7 81 
 U 01 
 17 93 
 
 Fireliriuk, and iireclay 
 
 ahuiies, eti; 
 
 FireprooKnjf, and archi- 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pottery 
 
 
 Sewerpitie 
 
 u'ss 
 
 ■ 27,57ii697 
 
 
 Tiles, drain 
 
 20,100,2tll 
 
 14 81 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 6,45'),840j 
 
 
 
 
14 
 Prednction of OUy Prodneta, 190T. 
 
 Bricks— 
 
 Common No. 
 
 Preaaed •• 
 
 Paving . M 
 
 Ornamental 
 
 Firebrick and fireclay shape*, et3 
 
 Firepr'- ;fing and architectural terra-cotta, etc. . . . 
 
 Pottsr jr 
 
 Sewerpi|)e 
 
 Tilea, drain 
 
 19«7. 
 
 (Quantity. 
 
 489,015,68f 
 
 78,922,09V 
 
 3,617,720 
 
 Total. 
 
 Value. 
 
 9 
 
 3,455,024 
 
 794,722 
 
 72,354 
 
 47,288 
 
 131,322 
 
 8!l,389 
 
 283,809 
 
 667,100 
 
 360,60!) 
 
 5,772.115 
 
 PerM 
 
 • ct& 
 
 787 
 10 07 
 20 00 
 
 By provinces the production during the past four years has been as follows: — 
 Prodnctioii of Olay Products by ProTinces, 1906-9. 
 
 Province. 
 
 1906. 
 
 1907. 
 
 1908. 
 
 1909. 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 New BrunHwick 
 
 S 
 
 160,506 
 49,230 
 769, 4o8 
 3,136,870 
 517,0«15 
 136,022 
 180,217 
 123,277 
 
 9 
 
 12.5,560 
 
 57,377 
 
 1,214,108 
 
 3,123,372 
 
 4P6,432 
 
 12.5,459 
 
 363,672 
 
 306,137 
 
 ■'* 
 
 117.833 
 76,613 
 
 *t3,717 
 2,476,152 
 
 265,091 
 87,566 
 
 240,384 
 
 344,446 
 
 9 
 
 188,185 
 65,570 
 
 Quebec 
 
 1,15.1,832 
 
 Onthrio 
 
 3,425,841 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 Saskatchewan 
 
 Alberta 
 
 British Columbia 
 
 559,008 
 145.516 
 442.486 
 470,402 
 
 
 5,0:2,633 
 
 5,772,117 
 
 4,500,702 
 
 6,450,840 
 
 Annual Value of Production of Olay Products, 1899-1909. 
 
 Calendar 
 Year. 
 
 Value. 
 
 9 
 
 2,988,099 
 3,195,105 
 3,.S82,706 
 3,625,489 
 
 C-^- 1 Value. 
 
 Calendar 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1908 
 1909 
 
 Value. 
 
 1899 
 1900 
 1901 
 1902 
 
 9 
 
 1903 1,034,289 
 ' 1904 3,841,560 
 
 1905 4,709,842 
 
 1906 5,072,635 
 
 5,;. J, 117 
 
 4.500,702 
 6,450,840 
 
 Important as are Canada's clay industries, the output is far from sufficient to 
 supply the home demand. The exports are almost negligible, the only item 
 recorded being that of building brick, of which the exports in 1909 were 365,000 
 
15 
 
 valued at 82,255, u compared with 2,344,000 in 1908, valued at $9,047. The 
 imports of clay and clay products on the other hand are very considerable, amount- 
 ing in value during the calendar year 1909, to 83,247,539. These imports include 
 chiefly manufactured products, such as brick, tile, earthenware and china of all 
 kinds. There is also, however, quite a large importation of clays, such as the better 
 grades of china-clay, fireclay etc. The imports of brick and tile were valued at 
 $1,249,460. Earthenware and china were imported to a value of $1,781,759, 
 and clays to a value of 8216,330. 
 
 Statistics of the imports of 'clay products during the fiscal years 1908 and 
 1909, and the calendar year 1909, are shown hereunder. 
 
 Import! of OUy Prodacta, 1908 and 1909. 
 
 Iinpurtt. 
 
 Brick and tileH- • 
 
 Bath brick 
 
 Buildinx hrick 
 
 Pavin({ brick 
 
 Firebrick of a kind not mode in Canada . 
 Drain tile, not glazed . 
 
 Drain pil*. wweriiii'e, etc 
 Mfp.. of clay, N.O.P 
 
 Earthenware and chinaware— 
 
 Brown coloured 
 
 Demij.'hna, chumx, and clocks 
 
 Tableware of china, lurcelain, white granite 
 
 China and porcelain 
 
 Tiles or blocks of 
 
 Earthenware tiles, N.O.P 
 
 MSgs. of earthenware, N.O.P 
 
 Karthenwnre, N.O. P 
 
 Clays— 
 
 China-clay 
 
 Fir*^lay 
 
 Pi|)e-elay 
 
 Clays, ail other, N.O.P 
 
 Gran'! total 
 
 12 months 
 
 ending March, 
 
 19U8. 
 
 9 
 
 1.834 
 
 «l,34fi 
 63»,347 
 
 2,080 
 
 l2^,7^7 
 
 12 months | 12 months 
 ending March, ending Ducein- 
 1909. i her, liMIU. 
 
 1,079,550 
 
 22,847 
 
 17,.X3B 
 
 1,5,')."),517 
 
 10'.>,440 
 
 45,836 
 llti,480 
 
 h.'l,30!» 
 23»,,'il3 
 
 4,432 
 108,773 
 101,187 
 350,457 
 
 2,394 
 10(i,;«KI 
 141,391 
 
 815,033 
 
 1,1!»5 
 195,3»iO 
 139,:«i« 
 4H5,!I94 
 
 2,785 
 170,280 
 254.170 
 
 1,219,450 
 
 28,273 
 10,,-)71 
 1,202,.')37 
 87.798 
 43,29!) 
 
 . 79,854 
 (H;,!«2 
 
 197,623 
 
 36.673 
 
 8.888 
 
 1.212,366 
 
 87.4i.7 
 
 56.974 
 
 81„393 
 
 78,0ta 
 
 219,936 
 
 2,1'.H),784 
 
 1,716,887 
 
 97,2:!6 
 
 155,873 
 
 319 
 
 14,292 
 
 Wl,922 I 
 
 77,146 , 
 
 887 i 
 
 2l,2.SO i 
 
 1,781,769 
 
 100,066 
 
 86,161 
 
 310 
 
 29,793 
 
 267,720 
 
 .3,538,060 
 
 l!H),2:i") 
 2,722,155 
 
 216,3;«) 
 
 3,247, iV?9 
 
 In addition to the above imports, there is also a considtrable annua! impor- 
 tation of " chalk, china or Cornwall stone, cliff stone and feldspar, fluorspar 
 nia^nesite, }»round or unground," much of which is no doubt used in connexion 
 with the manufacture of clay products. The value of these imports during the 
 fiscal year ewling .March, 1909, was .^81,675; of which, $55,909 worth was from 
 
 . 
 
16 
 
 the Unit«I Sute» and 825,233 from Great BriUin. The value of the importa 
 under this item during the calendar year 1909 was $96,747. There in also an 
 annual importation of "baths, bath tubs, basins, closets, lavatories, urinats, 
 sinks, and laundry tubs of any material," ? 157,881 worth during the fiscal year 
 1909; much of which would possibly come under tlie class of clay products known 
 as sanitary ware. 
 
 The principal sources of the imports given in the *bove table for the fiical year 
 ending March, 1909, are shown in the next Uble. It will be observed that of the 
 toUl, the larg-st proportion, ^1,397,845 in value or over 51 per cent, was from 
 Oitat Britain. The value of the imports from the United States was 16887,400, 
 or 32 per cent of the total ; Germany supplied 8187,381 worth, or about 7 per 
 cent ; France, Austria-Hungary, and Japan were also important sources of clay 
 products, particularly of the manufactures of table ware, chinaware, etc. 
 
IT 
 
 1 
 
 II 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 sg 
 
 ii 
 
 P! ^ i 3C 
 
 p gu- 
 lf ii 
 
 
 
 
 
 1^' rr^ 
 
 9i^ 
 
 *-> 
 
 
 55 !#f^ . -'I|^ 
 
 s |3 if 
 
 & i 
 
 3 
 g 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 51 
 
 9279—2 
 
 CI 
 
 ^1 
 
 ss Si- •" 
 
 
 Sis* tec 
 
 §2 
 
 ii 
 
 ■* "»• ■-'F 
 
 
 H 
 
 a2 
 
 =3t 
 
 - s 
 
 «2' m"S'S 
 
 
 s s? 
 
 tie 3213 2 
 
 gS 
 
 ;, U £ 
 
 e > N 
 
 u 3 - 
 
 A 
 
 3 ?r''''c 
 
 " MS. 2. 
 
 
 
 S- » £T! 
 
 
 S = = &i.- 
 
 ■ X . 
 
 
 ^ IS 
 
 as j? 
 
 » »s. 
 
 6 
 
 u C 
 
 ■si 
 
 =: 2 « |S ; 
 5 1 iv f £ £ 
 
18 
 
 uu 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 m g'!i ri 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 
 iC-:1 
 
 fi' ? 
 
 
 13 
 
 « 
 
 '■: I "Ji i 
 
 i'gss 
 
 1 
 
 S'?f 5 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 Sg|| 
 
 f 
 
 sCx - 
 
 
 
 
 5.1 
 ^1 
 
 
 I 
 
 !5 •=? 
 
 i i 
 
 ^1 vt 
 
 T 
 
 S^ 2 
 6§? 
 See. 
 
 t. S s^ 
 ' 'V 
 
 11 M 
 
 ilili 
 
 5 
 
 s 
 
 5 
 
 if 
 
 li 
 
 
 2s 
 
 ,-3 
 
 •a = 
 
 (2 6 
 
19 
 
 A "^ord of the totnl annu»l v»lue of th • imports <»f clay pnHluotH >tirife 1900 
 in thown in ilio next tabic. In ten y«uis CaimiU Ihw itnportwl clity priMlurtx to 
 the v»Iue o( ovfr <2l',0()0,0<)0. Th» invmnsc over tho tun ywr p«*rii)ij wii^ alMiul 
 122 per cent. Brick an i tiU« iiii[H>rti in th« ten yi^%r* Imve inuntiMtxl 45 < jwr ei-nt, 
 aar^hi-nware and cliinawam over 78 per c.<n'., nnd clay^H over 54 per ci-iil. 
 
 Tiie-te HtatiftticH imlicaU* in » striking inuntiur tin* posxihilitiet for the tlovelop- 
 metit of CaniidA'i* cluy induittrioo. 
 
 Import* of Clay Producu (total wine) 1900 9. 
 
 tnoo .... 
 
 Fiortl Year. 
 
 HKIl 
 
 1!H»3 
 
 iflm 
 
 i!<04 ; 
 
 l«fi 
 
 190B 
 
 intff* 
 
 IDOH 
 
 lltOB 
 
 
 Hriok and ' Kurthenwurn 
 
 Tile. aiKlChiiiuw.'in 
 
 U.Mt14 
 
 irj,L'.si 
 
 1.">7,7K« 
 
 a.">!t,4-ji 
 
 Ttii.T.'it;* 
 
 l,<iii<l..'t72 
 l,(i7!t,r,.-i»i 
 
 1,114, 
 
 l.*-7.-., 
 i.4(n;, 
 I nil. 
 l,r.*i. 
 
 1. •>!••.', 
 I.IL".'. 
 •-MlHi, 
 I.TIti, 
 
 ,li77 
 ,tj|i;i 
 
 (ill) 
 
 ;i,"]<i 
 
 L'14 
 
 MM I 
 84 
 
 s«7 
 
 ' 'l«y » 
 
 Mi,-.>r>i 
 
 14i»..V.'l 
 17<i,4Hi 
 I4t.7()ii 
 
 ITti.Sd.') 
 
 I7H,L'4ii 
 ai7,7-'<i 
 
 Totiil. 
 
 I,3Nlt, 
 
 i.r.M; 
 
 1,74< 
 
 a.m." 
 
 •-•,.•71, 
 •-',■.113, 
 ■.'.."CI. 
 
 ;t,.');iH 
 
 105 
 •-'71 
 
 ,>t!>5 
 |,,S(I9 
 
 ,77% 
 
 ,•-';« 
 
 (MiO 
 105 
 
 B,29B.145 l.\ll2li,3«l , l,7r.!l.:u;:i i>,OMl,«<M 
 
 • It monthH f iiJinft March l!)07 , 
 • • Inc'liidpH firwlay olniwified a* "for iw in |>n>icn» i>| iimniiincturi!.." 
 
 In view of tne lari,'e imports of clay products into Canada, it tuny Ix-oi ititor- 
 est to quote herewith the Custonw duties affecting tlies.- t{ri.,<ls. Cana lian |)ottery 
 manufacturers claim to be unable to meet the competititm of imporU-d p<ittery, 
 particularly that from England. The totid duties collect, il on clay products dur 
 ina; the tiscal year 1909 were .S490,29{.80, or an average of alx.ut 22A per cent aii 
 valorem, on the dutiable imports, or |,S p,.r cent on the tot»l imports of clav ;,'i)odij, 
 including those enteied free. 
 
 9279—2 
 
iO 
 
 f^n>iH>ii Onitoma DatiM «a OUy Predveta. 
 
 {¥t%m thv Cwitoni* T*rill, 1007, ri'viwd ItUU). 
 
 Item. 
 
 Hritiah 
 
 Frff>-rHnti«l 
 
 Tariff. 
 
 af*t Kiri'lirivk nl • cIwm nr kin<l not lokdn in CanwU.. 
 
 3K2 ;Hiiil<liiit( liricW, iwviiiK Iwick, »nd mfijii. of cUy or 
 cniiiiKN.O.I') 
 
 W3 |l»in 'il<-< not gloiMHl.. 
 
 2t»l l»ri»in |ii|i«'N wwiriiiin*, »n<l rurthcnwur* HtttnffK 
 thiir..fi>r, chimney liiiinjpi or vnnU, cliininry to|i«i 
 And iiiviTtwl liliick». kImhI or iinKluMl, <«rthrii 
 
 wiiri' tllt'nlN.O.I*. , 
 
 Tilfw or I)' icknof •■•rlli'-nwarf nr of utono |irt|>ur«l 
 
 (or moniiic HiHirinK. il ' 
 
 I'jirtlit'nwiini iini! utoufwans vix., deiiiijohn», chiimK 
 or crtK'ki* • . ■ .^ - ■ ■ i 
 
 386 
 287 
 
 38M 
 
 29.'> 
 
 Tnlilxw.irt) o( t-hina, imrrfUin, white granite or iron 
 utoni- • ■ ■■. ■ 
 
 Karlher"''»r<' and utoiifwart", bniwn or colourwl. »nn 
 KiK'kiiiK in wiirr "C.C." i-r cnwii colmirwl ware, 
 dH<.orntril, priiitod or i>|iong«<l, anil all earthrnwaie, 
 (N.O.I".) 
 
 C'liiM'tii, iirlnuU, tiinin», lavatoriix, t>ath>, Inth tiil», 
 ninkH, and laundry tiihn of farthnnwarr, itoni-, 
 («iiii'nt or clay or of other material 
 
 ChiyM, including chiiiailayn, Hrttilay and piiierliiy, 
 niit further iiiunufacturiMl than Krciind; (fanintt-r 
 and Hand ; graveU ; eartlm, crude only 
 
 Ki*e. 
 
 m % 
 
 15 M 
 
 25 .. 
 
 •JO ., 
 
 » .. 
 
 15 M 
 
 30 ■■ 
 
 ■JO „ 
 
 Intw- 
 
 niwliatt) 
 Tariff. 
 
 Krw. 
 
 «> % 
 Mi .. 
 
 m " 
 
 274 " 
 
 27) M 
 
 27J .. 
 Krte. 
 
 I SenenU 
 Tariff. 
 
 Kn*. 
 
 22i r 
 
 20 •. 
 
 36 .. 
 
 30 .. 
 
 9U .. 
 
 27J .. 
 
 35 ,. 
 Vrw. 
 
 Clay Bnililiny Urick :— The total production of clay building brick, 
 including the tominon and preuMMl varifties, but excluding ornanu'ntal, paving 
 and ttrebri'.k it shown by provinces for the yeain 1907, 1908, and 1909 in the 
 next table. 
 
 Tn 1907, thu total pnxluction was T) 17,937,648. valued at 81,250,246 : made up 
 of 4;J9,015 .').')6 coniiiu.n, valued at .S;J.45.5,.524,oran averane value per thou.sand of 
 fJ7 . 87 ; and 7H,!'22,092 presMed brick, valued at 18794,722, or an average value 
 'per thousand of i? 10.07. 
 
 In 190S the totil production was 4 Of., 7 4 2,0.10, valuetl al$3,128,734 : made up 
 of 3.j.3,2Gl,i6i'' .ommon, vulueu at *2,611,.^54, or an avenig^ va'ue per thousand 
 o- .?7.39 ; an<l .').3,4 80,764 pressed brick, valued at 8517,180, or an average value 
 per thousand of 89.67. 
 
 In 190'.>, the total production was 596,49.3,364, valuefl at 84,843, 101 : made up 
 of 530.228 708 common, valued at 84.212,424, or an average value per thousand 
 of i57.81 ; and 57.264,6.Mi pressefi brick, valued at «630,677, or an ave.age value per 
 thousand of 811.01. 
 
91 
 
 FredaetloB of OUjr Bslldlaff Brtek (OomBoa ud Pri m d) 1907, 1908, mi<* 1909. 
 
 \m. 
 
 XovkHeotin IU,lt4fl,IIIIO 
 
 iVnw BriiMwick... 4.IM1,141 
 
 OiH-hK I 'l)4,:m.7lll» 
 
 UnUrio 1 »<7,u:iii,7iU 
 
 Maiiitohn 45.IIII4.IMU 
 
 SMkatt'liPWMi IA024.ICI 
 
 Al)»-rt<t 3t,:w 1,740 
 
 Hritiah <'»limil<ia I VlKOMi^ 
 
 Tnul«. I M7,WI7,il4fi! 
 
 
 lauH. 
 
 
 v.m. 
 
 18.M75.t»IO 
 
 I1.170,i»m 
 
 101.471. riii7 
 
 .T.'2,524,4I4 
 
 Ml. no. mo 
 
 I4,llii.77't 
 
 45. t7!i,H.V.; 
 
 88.445,758 
 
 5(lll,4!K*,:<lU; 
 
 1 
 
 
 • 
 
 M0..\-1M 
 
 *l,1«7 
 7IMK« 
 3,311, 41W 
 4«ft,»*U 
 rj>,45U 
 353,117'.' 
 
 isi,i:c 
 
 1 
 
 11,135,1)011 
 ll,MH,Olt 
 
 »0,li«7.I77 
 ■.•21,11110,575 
 
 2i,.m)4 oon 
 H.V'12.!» 11 
 
 25,52l,!lll 
 
 |H.lfl2,:«12 
 
 * 
 
 B«,om 
 
 W, 73 
 
 1101,874 
 
 1,IUI4,I84 
 
 2f>4,5!U 
 
 H7,5«l 
 
 24n,:w; 
 ir>ii,544i 
 
 • 
 
 I14,7t» 
 4I,S» 
 
 IHNI,tlUI 
 
 54I.M8 
 ltl.3t» 
 4ll,Mi« 
 
 :iiift,ino 
 
 4,-ino,24tt 
 
 4W1,74-J,V > 
 
 S,I2N,7»^I 
 
 4,H43,inl 
 
 The exportH nnd imports of building brirk itinro IS'.M ami IHMO rpsjH-ctivply 
 are >-,liown in the two following t^iblett. ThuexpotlH have nnver Im<<>ii lurKn, avprng- 
 ing for A nunib(>r of yeitrH pant about lS6,00U in value )m"' annum, but falling in 
 190t> to a value of $'2,'2M. The aunaal imporiM fur a number of yoirN pn-viouK to 
 I'JO.'I averaged only about f'JO.OOO in value ; during the piwt Hix y'l^i'i. however, 
 the value of the imports has varied f ro n f 100,000 to nearly tt2()O,0iiO ^wr annum. 
 During the calendar y«ir 190!) the iraporti were 27,!)7J,000 brick, valued at 
 #195,36^' : of which, I,73H,000 valued at *21,«)M0, an average of !?r2 47 \>eT M, were 
 •niporte<i from (ire.at Britain ; uiid 26,:i."U,000 valuwl at !?l";l,(if<'', an average of 
 86.02 per M, from the United Statei. 
 
 Bzporte of Bnildinc Brick. 
 
 Culi'iular 
 Year. 
 
 1891, 
 1M02. 
 
 189H. 
 18! 14. 
 1W6. 
 IHWl. 
 1897. 
 
 M. 
 
 24fi 
 «,07:i 
 1,«5.") 
 
 !is;» 
 
 673 
 
 Value. 
 
 1,II).'I 
 12,1!I2 
 41,110 
 
 7,4(t."> 
 8,til>5 
 5,I17S 
 2,tl7!l 
 
 C'lili'iidiir 
 Year. 
 
 18'.I8, 
 IH't!l. 
 
 nioo. 
 
 1"01. 
 1IH12. 
 1!H«. 
 
 I 
 
 M. 
 
 Value. 
 
 ..___ 
 
 » 
 
 115 
 172 
 5411 
 lllli 
 2,110 
 8',tl 
 
 442 
 1,351 
 4,r.2S 
 
 5,lWt 
 
 12,7«'i 
 
 .5.(>'.l!l 
 
 Calinilar 
 Yecr. 
 
 1!HI4.., 
 I'.KKl... 
 liKH!,.. 
 1WI7... 
 UN IS... 
 UMJII.. . 
 
 Value. 
 
 K<N1 
 
 .-..357 
 
 754 
 
 .5,88« 
 
 ti'.i7 
 
 11.541 
 
 802 
 
 r.,I!13 
 
 ,S44 
 
 !t,"l47 
 
 .•«„•> 
 
 2,2.% 
 
Imports of Building Brick. 
 
 FiHcal Year. 
 
 M. 
 
 Value. 
 9 
 
 . KiHcal Year. 
 
 1 
 
 M. 
 
 Value. 
 
 • 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 M. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 1880. 
 
 340 
 
 2,007 
 
 • 1890 
 
 1,933 
 
 12,.50O t 
 
 1900 
 
 1,7!>2 
 
 19,.S05 
 
 1881 
 
 415 
 
 4.281 
 
 i 1891 
 
 .589 
 
 9,744 
 
 1901 
 
 2,800 
 
 20.H77 
 
 1882 
 
 3,500 
 
 24,572 
 
 1892 
 
 021 
 
 5,075 
 
 1902 
 
 4,087 
 
 .H;1,802 
 
 1883 
 
 1,418 
 
 14,2:J4 
 
 1893 
 
 1,489 
 
 14,108 
 
 1!KI3 
 
 2,881 
 
 28,493 
 
 1884 
 
 3,2'!3 
 
 20,258 
 
 1891 
 
 2,220 
 
 18 320 
 
 1904 
 
 13,4.55 
 
 117,4tW 
 
 1885 
 
 3,108 
 
 14,to2 
 
 189.5 
 
 576 
 
 4,705 
 
 llH).-> 
 
 2.5,515 
 
 1118,122 
 
 18H0 
 
 983 
 
 5,92<t 
 
 1890 
 
 1,0,57 
 
 23,189 
 
 lltOt!.. .. 
 
 21,934 
 
 194,897 
 
 1887 
 
 27« 
 
 2.440 
 
 18i.7 
 
 2,0i« 
 
 io,:«6 
 
 1907 (9mo8) 
 
 8,495 
 
 88.144 
 
 1888 
 
 2,483 
 
 20,720 
 
 • 1898 
 
 039 
 
 0,0.52 
 
 1!)08 
 
 13,790 
 
 130,105 
 
 1889. 
 
 2,590 
 
 24,585 
 
 18',t9.- 
 
 2,K11 
 
 21,30<i 
 
 190U 
 
 10.894 
 
 10;J,773 
 
 Prices : — The price of brick is somewhat lower in the eastern parts of Ci.nada 
 than in the west. The average price of common brick at the yard in 1907, 
 according to the returns furnished by the producers, ranged from a minimum of 
 f5.47 in Nova Scotia to a,maximum of $10.67 in Alberta. Prices in 1908 averaged 
 somewhat higher in the Maritime Provinces, but lower in Ontario and the west ; 
 this was u year of comparative dullness in tlie building trades with a falling oil' in 
 producti<in. In 1909, however, the demand became brisk again and prices aver- 
 aged somewhat higher, running from a minimum of .$.5.69 in Nova Hcotia to a 
 maximum of •*9.73 in British Columbia. 
 
 The following table shows the average prices of common and pre^^sed brick in 
 tlie several provinces during 1907, 1908, and 1909. These are the average values 
 of brick sold at the yard as furnished by the producers. 
 
 Average Prices per Thousand of Common and Pressed Brick. 
 
 : 
 
 Coiniiion BricI* 
 
 
 Prc»»ed Brick. 
 
 Nova Scotia. ... 
 New HrunMwick ... 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Manitaba 
 
 1907. 
 
 •« 5.47 
 
 7.45 
 
 0.43 
 
 7.01 
 10.19 
 10.43 
 10.07 
 10.45 
 
 7.87 ; 
 
 1908. 
 
 9 5.81 
 8.17 
 37 
 
 7 24 
 9.24 
 
 10 40 
 
 8 (M) 
 
 9 21 
 
 7.39 
 
 190<». 
 
 $ 5 09 
 
 7.14 
 
 o.:t8 
 7.71 
 9.14 
 9.«<! 
 9 21 
 9.73 
 
 1907. 
 
 SI 2.. 53 
 
 8.21 
 
 11.00 
 
 9.45 
 
 13.67 
 
 1908. 
 
 i $13.84 
 
 10.70 
 i 11.02 
 
 ; 8,74 1 
 
 15.45 
 11 18 
 12.97 
 20.40 
 
 1!)09. 
 
 912.36 
 
 12 00 
 
 14 00 
 
 9.40 
 
 12.00 
 
 14. in 
 
 Alllelta 
 
 BritiKli Cohmibia. 
 
 17 89 
 20.96 
 
 13 03 
 31. a5 
 
 Caniula 
 
 7.81 
 
 10.07 
 
 ■9.07 
 
 11 01 
 
23 
 
 Ontario : — Over 52 per cent of the total production of building brick in 
 Canada in 1909 was mode in the Province of Ont irio, and of the < )ntario produc- 
 tion over 47 per cent was made in th» county o( York, so that the City of Toronto 
 and vicinity produces about one quarter, or incluJin^ the county of Halton, nearly 
 30 per cent of the total brick production of Canada ; Wentworth county, or the 
 vicinity of Hamilton, is perhaps the next important brick contn;, proflucinj,' over 
 7 per cent of the Ontario output. The countii's of Carleton and UuNseil, or the 
 Ottawa district, are the next in order with a little under 7 per cent. Other import- 
 ant districts are Algomaand Nipisiinj;, which cover a wide area, and the western 
 counties of Middlesex, Kent, Waterloo, and Simcoe. Those eleven counties con- 
 tributed over 82 per cent of the Ontario production. Practically all the pressed 
 brick, reported as such, was made in Toronto and vicinity. 
 
 The production of the.se countii's in 1909 is shown in tabular form herewith. 
 
 Prodaction of Common and Pressed Brick by Principal Counties. 
 
 Common. 
 
 Prkhhei). 
 
 County. 
 
 No. Viilup. I'er 
 
 ' M. 
 
 York n8,(UM,B00 
 
 Halton 9,7O5,;i0O 
 
 Wentworth 2r>,7!l0,2.">0 
 
 Carleton 1 12,'.t03,l(w 
 
 Algoma i S.tHiT.CXXt 
 
 RuBH«ll : ll.Wie.OOO 
 
 Nipissing 
 Middlesex. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Waterloo . 
 .Simcoe .... 
 
 Tot*I, 11 counties 
 
 <!,")< io,ne<» 
 
 7,023,050 
 7,.-)!l2,iKK) 
 6,H42,1fiO 
 6,108,(100 : 
 
 72, 
 1S8, 
 101, 
 .SI, 
 (Mi, 
 "», 
 
 4.S, 
 4(i, 
 14 
 
 0.".2 
 ,(«! 
 
 (ilS 
 2.")0 
 ,2."i() 
 .'.>Mt 
 
 ,o:v\ 
 
 ,020 
 ,iKW 
 
 ,28(1 
 
 |8 c. 
 
 '« 17 
 7 42 
 7 04 
 
 7 S8 
 
 !i a7i 
 
 (i 02i 
 S (il 
 
 7 IW! 
 
 (J :«i 
 
 (i H(> 
 
 No. 
 
 27.12.'),80(i 
 12,7iM»,".H)0 
 
 Value. 
 
 2.'iO,4(>l 
 12(i,(iC.2 
 
 Per 
 M 
 
 Total 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 2<l(l,0()0 
 
 !,8(H) 14 (W 
 
 tiO.OOO 
 
 .")10 S ."lO 
 
 '.» 23: l,2I!t,4!t:» 
 It !K) l'»8,KII5 
 
 ' 1SS,577 
 
 101,(il8 
 S4,(l.-iO 
 (M'.,250 
 .V),'.ir)0 
 
 .")4,r.4n 
 
 48,02(1 
 4li,'.t(i.s 
 44,280 
 
 47 89 
 7 77 
 
 TV 
 ;m»7 
 
 3 2'.t 
 2 .59 
 2 19 
 2 13 
 
 1-88 
 1-84 
 1-73 
 
 Total, other counties 
 Totiil, Ontario 
 
 221,744,42.')' 1,728,008 7 79 40,17(;,700 
 
 59,934,089 
 
 442,493 7 :« 
 
 (569,200 
 
 281,678,514 2,170,.'>01 7 71 40,84.">,!tOO 
 
 3^0,433 
 
 9 47 2,108,441 
 9 17 448,(>27 
 
 82 46 
 
 (i,i:M 
 
 17 55 
 
 3-(;,.-.67 
 
 9 4H 2,.557,(H)8 
 
 100 00 
 
 The annual production of common and pressed brick in this Province since 
 1898, as ascertained by the Ontario Bureau of Mines, is .shown in the following 
 table. The figures show the total (juantity and value of the brick made, as dis- 
 tinguished from the sales given in the previous table. 
 
24 
 
 Bnildiag Brick made in Ontario since 1898. 
 
 (From the rejiorU o( the Ontario Bureau of Minrx.) 
 
 Common Bril-k. 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 Value. i 
 
 
 
 ■s i 
 
 1R98 
 
 170,000 
 
 914,000 1 
 
 I8«J» 
 
 233,H9H 
 
 i,:n^-ra ' 
 
 190() 
 
 . . . j 2*0,430 
 
 1.379.590 I 
 
 IWl 
 
 j 2ri'J,2'S 
 
 I,o30,4li0 ! 
 
 li)02 
 
 i 22lt,r)00 
 
 1,411,000 1 
 
 VM\ 
 
 i 230,000 
 
 i,ri«i,7oo 1 
 
 liKM 
 
 200,000 
 
 1,430,000 
 
 1!K)5 
 
 250,000 
 
 1,937.300 
 
 llttt! 
 
 300,0<JO 
 
 2,157,000 , 
 
 1907 
 
 I 273,8«2 
 
 2,10ll,97« 1 
 
 1»W 
 
 ... J 222,;«il 
 
 1,575,875 
 
 1909 
 
 24(i,.30S 
 
 1,910,147 
 
 Average 
 per M. 
 
 8 Ct8. 
 
 5 376 
 5 (-.17 
 5 73« 
 
 5 iXKi 
 
 6 .SiW 
 f) 790 
 
 7 IfiO 
 7 7.50 
 7 190 
 7 704 
 7 IW7 
 7 779 
 
 Prkhheii IIrick. 
 
 M. 
 
 8,f/,U 
 10,808 
 11,502 
 12,840 
 19.7.55 
 23,703 
 2t!,a57 
 20,000 
 39,860 
 09,763 
 50,167 
 53,167 
 
 Value. 
 
 8 
 
 100,3 H 
 
 ia5,ooo 
 
 114,419 
 104,394 
 144.171 
 
 218,5.50 
 22t!,750 
 234,000 
 337.795 
 64«.(»<3 
 485,819 
 4',tO,571 
 
 Avera(f« 
 lier M. 
 
 $ ct«. 
 
 11 187 
 9 715 
 9 896 
 
 8 127 
 
 7 298 
 
 9 220 
 
 8 443 
 
 9 000 
 
 8 476 
 
 9 298 
 
 8 649 
 
 9 227 
 
 In reviewing the brick industry of Ontar. ", the Director of the Burenu of 
 Mine.s states "The demand for brick was active durini; the year, especially in the 
 larger cities, building operations in Toronto, for instance, which is essentially a 
 city of brick, being decidedly brisk. A large quantity of brick is manufactured 
 in and around Toronto, many of the brick-yards being extensive and well equip- 
 ped. Reference to the figures published by the Bureau as to the production of 
 brick, shows that the average value at the yard has risen from S.5.7.3 per thousand 
 in 1901 to ^7.78 per thou.sand in 1909, an increase of over 3."> per cent. The cost 
 of brick constructions has been heavily aflfected during the same time, since the 
 cost of labour has ex[icrienced an advance prohably quite as great. 
 
 " There has of late years been a marked improvement in the quality of brick 
 made in first class yard.s. Kilns of modern construction burn harder and more 
 evenly, and tli -re is a smaller propoi .on of soft brick. The present taste in brick 
 houses loo, <l(i>s not demand the same uniformity of colour that was formerly 
 insisted upon : in fact, a. variety of shade, instead of lieing objected to, is rather 
 desired. Tho:i' is also a much greater range of products than was made years ago. 
 From white and buff to cherry red, and up to a dark even purplish hue, bricks of 
 all tints and shades an; freely used, and pleasing effects are sometiojes obtained 
 by einployiii-- .-linker or overburned bricks, greenish or yellowish in colour." 
 
 Paiuny IIrick : — P.aving bricks are made in Ontario only at West Toronto, 
 from .shale found on the banks of the Humbef river. The annual production has 
 been fairly constant at from 3,000,000 to .5,000,000 brick per season. The 
 oufput finds a market chiefly in Toronto. Statistics of production are available 
 since 1897 and are shown in the next table. The average price per thousand has 
 varied from 8f< to .•=;:.'0. 
 
25 
 
 In 1909 the number of paving brick so. 1 was 3,759,803, valued at !867,408 ; 
 while during the same year there were imported paving brick valued 
 at §139,366. Statistics of production and imports of paving brick are shown 
 in the two tables following :-■■ 
 
 Annual Production of Paving Brick (a). 
 
 (a) Figures previous to 11107 coinpiiwi from Ontario liurcaii of .\[ine8. 
 
 Imports of Paving Brick.* 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 M, 
 
 ISirt 275 
 
 18W. !tlH 
 
 1807 ryi 
 
 IWW 3«7 
 
 iHiiit : i,:^i 
 
 IIKXI i',17.-> 
 
 1901 IHIO 
 
 1!)02 1,0»( 
 
 Value. 
 
 ."),00<; 
 
 10,132 
 
 71!) 
 
 2,;«7 
 23,I!4S 
 ;«,(-l4 
 1(1,414 
 1«,7>« 
 
 IS L'O 
 
 U 04 
 
 13 K! 
 
 (! 37 
 
 M '14 
 
 l(i 311 
 
 II 57 
 
 Hi 311 
 
 1903 
 
 11)04 
 
 I1I0.5 
 
 moil 
 
 11)07 (Onios.). 
 IIKIS 
 
 moo 
 
 N 
 
 M. 
 
 Value. 
 
 .\vera«fe 
 perM. 
 
 
 « 
 
 S ct!-. 
 
 I,.W 
 
 18,M1 
 
 14 in 
 
 l,0«t> 
 
 20,7.">3 
 
 14 9S 
 
 2,3.'j0 
 
 32..57S 
 
 13 K6 
 
 4,104 
 
 4li,0«KS 
 
 11 21 
 
 2,1S2 
 
 23,2.-.t! 
 
 10 m 
 
 .">,340 
 
 «1,34(; 
 
 11 40 
 
 
 101,1S7 
 
 t 
 
 • Duty 20 |)er cent. 
 
 tTlie iniiKirtaduriuK .luly, IDOS, umler tin- ireiienil tariff, are re|H)rte<l a^< li, -1 M, viilue .'»7,317, 
 an apparent error. Tlieri- appears also to lie an error in the entries for .luly, .\\ikusI, and Septein' 
 l)eroftlie sanid year. The total nnnilier has, therefore, bien omitted. The aetual vahieof the 
 im|>orte(l brick varies from 810 to .'*I2 per >I. 
 
 Fireclay ami Fireclay Pro'lncts .— There are a miniber of clays from dit''"rent 
 localities that have been used in the manufacture of refractory brick or tirebiick, and 
 for furnace linings, etc., which have been usually termed fireclays. These include 
 clays found with the Coal Measures at Westville, Mova Scotia, and at Comox, 
 Vancouver island, also clay.s found south of Moo.sejaw, Sn.skatc-hewan, and at 
 Clayburn, near the city of Vancouver, British Columbia. Stove linin<,' and other 
 refractory clay products are made at several place.s in Ontario and Quebec from 
 imported fireclay.s. 
 
M 
 
 The total value of the sales of fireclay, firebrick, and fireclay products in 1909 
 wax $78,132, an couiparod with a valuation of $110,302 in 1908 and $131,322 in 
 1907. 
 
 The pnxluction of 1909 comprised 1,059,270 firebrick valued at 832,742, or 
 an average of 830.92 per M ; fireclay sold, l,40r) tons valued at §1 2,390, and other 
 fireclay products valued at $33,000. 
 
 Fireclay i)ro'iucts in 1908 included 2,U5,871 firebrick valued at $70,429, an 
 averi.;,'^ of $29.16 per M ; fireclay sold, 1,984 tons valued at $8,121, and other 
 fireclay pnxlucts valued at $31,7.52. The 1907 production comprised 4,323,179 
 firebrick valued at $113,322, an average of .$26.21 per M; and other fireclay 
 shapes to the value of $18,000. 
 
 Firebricks were imported during the calendar year 1909 to the value of 
 $48."),994, of which $426,602 worth was derived from the United States and 
 $59,392 from Great Britain. 
 
 The imports during the fiscal year ending March, 1909, were valuedat $350,457, 
 and during the fiscal year ending March, 1908, the imports were valued at 
 $639,347. The imports of fireclay during the calendar year 1909 were valued at 
 $86,161, and were derived chiefly from the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 During the fiscal year ending March, 1909, fireclay was imported to the value 
 of $77,146, and the imports during the fiscal year ending March, 1908, were valued 
 at $155,873. 
 
 Statistics of the imports of firebrick an 1 of fireclay for a number of years 
 are shown as follows : — 
 
 Imports of Firebrick and Fireclay, 1 900-9. 
 
 Fiiical Vear. 
 
 Fireclay, j Firebrick. 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 1900. 
 1901. 
 lt»02.. 
 
 i9o;i.. 
 
 1904.. 
 
 3 
 
 .■)9,2!11 
 79,530 j 
 •14,541 
 94,.')0!) 
 i}2,71(> 
 
 $ 
 
 39,53,-) 
 32,t<31 
 4.5,l!08 
 34,.-.22 
 38,:«5 
 
 1905... 
 1906... 
 1907*.. 
 19(18.. . 
 1909.. . 
 
 Fireclay. 
 
 « : 
 
 7.1,«37 
 131,130 
 
 «5,044 
 
 15.'->,873 
 
 77,14<i 
 
 Firebrick. 
 
 $ 
 
 44,746 
 
 51,892 
 349,185 
 (K!9,347 
 3.W,457 
 
 ' 9 months ending March. 
 
 Sewerpipe and Brain Tile : — The total value of the sales of sewerpipe in 
 1909 was .?64.5.722, as compared with a value of $514,362 in 1908, and a value of 
 1667,100 in 1907. 
 
 The imports of drain pipe and sewerpipe during the calendar year 1909 were 
 valued at 8170,280 : of which $135,809 worth were imported from the United States; 
 $34,200 from Great Brit-vin, and $271 from other countries. During the 
 
27 
 
 twelve montlis ending March, 1909, the imports were valued at i!llOr>,399, un.. 
 during the twelve months ending March, 1901:1, the value was *12r),747. 
 Following ijt a list of firms manufacturing sewerpipe :— 
 
 Stindard Drain Pipe Co. of St. Johnu New 01a!iKow, N.S. 
 
 St. Julins, Que. 
 
 Ontario Sewor Pipe Company Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Dominion Sewer Pi; e Company 
 
 Hamilton A Toronto J^ower Pipe Co., Ltd .... Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 B. C. Pottery Company Victoria, B.C. 
 
 There was a considerably increased demand for drain title in 1909, and the 
 total sales reportefl to this Branch were 27,57 1,097 valued at 8408,440, an average 
 of 814.81 per M; as compared with sales of 20,100,261 valued at .?298,561, or an 
 average of 814.8.5 per M, in 1908. The Ontario Bureau of Mine.s reports the 
 total quantity mado in that Province in 1909 as 27,418,000 valued at .S.iG.J.y.iJO, or 
 an average of .81.3.25 per M; as compared with 24,800,000 valued at 8.138,658,' or 
 an average value of 813.66 per M, in 1908. 
 
 The imports of unglazed drain tile are comparatively small, the value in 1909 
 being 82,785 only. 
 
 Statistics of the annual production of seworpipe and of the imports of drain 
 tile and sewerpipe, are shown in tiie next three tables. 
 
 Production of Sewerpipe, etc. 
 
 Calendar Yj-ar. I VbIup. 
 
 1888 . 
 1889. 
 1890 
 W91. 
 
 i».n. . 
 
 189.S.. 
 1894.. 
 189.5.. 
 
 9 
 
 260,320 
 
 Not avaiU^blt-.. 
 
 :M8,<KJ() 
 
 :;27,;JO() 
 
 &50,00t) 
 250,;<25 
 257,04."> 
 
 Calendar Vrar. Value. Calendar Year. ' Value. 
 
 189C. 
 1897 
 18!tS. 
 1S99. 
 I!i00. 
 1901 . 
 
 v.m 
 
 1903. 
 
 153,875 i 1904 
 
 164,250 l'W5 
 
 181,717 
 
 161,546 
 
 231„525 
 
 248,113 
 
 301,965 
 
 317,970 
 
 liXNi. 
 I:i07. 
 1908 
 1909. 
 
 $ 
 
 440,894 
 :<H2,000 
 3.">i',045 
 ♦i«7.10O 
 .'•.I4,.362 
 645,722 
 
 I 
 
 Production oi Drain Tile in Ontario. 
 
 (A a a«cer<-"'ned by the Ontario Bureau of Mines). 
 
 Yrar. 
 
 1891. 
 1892 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 189,1 
 189ii. 
 1897. 
 
 No. 
 
 7,500,000 
 lO.Ooo.Odt) 
 
 i7,r.oo,o(K) 
 
 25,000,000 
 14.330,000 
 13,200,000 
 
 Value. 
 
 9 |i 
 
 90,000! 
 U)0,(M)I) 
 lOO.OlK) 
 
 2so,(X)(i: 
 
 157.000 
 144,0«K) 
 
 Year. 
 
 1H9H. 
 IHim. 
 1!I0<(. 
 ]!K)1 . 
 liHrj. 
 1903. 
 1904. 
 
 No. 
 
 22.W>.S,000 
 21,027,400 
 19,544,O0tJ 
 21,.")!)2,0O0 
 1T,.">10,000 
 18,2(KJ,(KK( 
 Ui,0OI),(X)O 
 
 Value. 
 
 225,000 
 240,246 
 209,738 
 231,.374 
 199,00(1 
 227,000 
 210,000 
 
 No. 
 
 1905. 
 1906 
 1VI07. 
 1908. 
 1909. 
 
 1.5.000,000 
 17,700,0(«J 
 15,5"8,0i'0 
 24,800, IKN I 
 27,418,000 
 
 Value. 
 
 220,000 
 2.52,.500 
 2.50,122 
 
 ;<38,t;r)« 
 
 363,.550 
 
 * Not stated. 
 
28 
 
 Impoita o! Drain TUe and S«WMrvipe. 
 
 KihchI V<-ur. Drain Tile (o). 
 
 1880 
 
 18H1 
 
 18H2 
 
 imi 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1888 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 188!t 
 
 1890 
 
 18111 
 
 1892 
 
 18lt3.. 
 
 18y4 
 
 5,585 
 2,911 
 l,!t05 
 2,183 
 4,2JO 
 2,34i; 
 
 :(,78() 
 
 <i73 
 
 473 
 
 110 
 
 53 
 
 Seweri'ip*) ('')• 
 
 8 
 
 ,^1,790 
 37,*>8 
 70,0til 
 70.(i!t!t 
 'W,17rt 
 tifi,t>78 
 5R,048 
 B9.020 
 !Mi,9(;7 
 80.8<i!t 
 73,ti.">4 
 8t!.522 
 5il,0«4 
 rKWIl 
 24,572 
 
 Fiacal Year. 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 18!M 
 
 1900 
 
 1901... . 
 1!I02 
 
 um 
 
 1904 
 
 vm; 
 
 1906 
 
 1907(9nio».). 
 
 1908 
 
 !90i» 
 
 Drain Tile (a). 
 
 8 
 
 H95 
 
 339 
 
 416 
 
 157 
 
 1,827 
 
 1,383 
 
 1,264 
 
 2<i9 
 
 252 
 
 1,637 
 
 1,229 
 
 4,727 
 
 12,10t) 
 
 2.080 
 
 2,394 
 
 Sewer|>ipe('<). 
 
 20,358 
 18.957 
 :«,870 
 2!t,4.54 
 32,071 
 37,766 
 64,819 
 55,2<il 
 .57,1110 
 .53,9.Vs 
 101.166 
 131,353 
 93,4.58 
 125,747 
 106,.%I9 
 
 (a) Drain tile, not glazed. 
 
 ('.) Driiin pifies, sewerpiiH-x, chimney lininKx, <>r vi^nta, chimney tops and inverts bloclcH, 
 gla/.ed or im^lazcd. 
 
 PoUfr;/ and Earthenware:— Th>i pottery made from Canadian clays has been, 
 hitherto, chiefly of the common grades, such as flowerpots, jardinieres, crocks, 
 jars, churns, etc. A number of potters make a higher grade product of stoneware, 
 but the majority of these use imported clays. Sanitary ware is made at St. 
 Johns, Que., and other points; but the raw material, including clays and feldspar, 
 is nearly all imported. 
 
 The total value of the production of pottery and sanitary ware in 1909, 
 according to returns received, was .Sl'85,285; as compared with a valuation of 
 $200,541 reported for 1908. Annual statistics of production are shown herewith. 
 
 Annual Production of Pottery. 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 1888 
 
 Not 
 
 8 
 27,75tl 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 available.. 
 195,242 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 258,844 
 2fh5,81 1 
 21.3,186 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 1(12,141 
 1.51,588 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 1806 
 
 1*C 1 
 
 1898 ! 
 
 189!) i 
 
 19(H) i 
 
 I'.IOl I 
 
 1902 1 
 
 Value. 
 
 .<! 
 
 163,427 
 12!',tl29 
 214.675 
 18."),000 
 200,0(10 
 200,01 H) 
 200.000 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 1903 
 1!K)4 
 1!KI5 
 190<> 
 
 vm; 
 
 1908 
 1909 
 
 Value. 
 
 8 
 
 200.000 
 14IMNKI 
 ILM.tKXI 
 l.-kl,000 
 2.53. 80!) 
 a)'l,541 
 285.285 
 
 Details of the imports of earthenware and chinaware showing the values 
 imported and countries of origin, have already been given on pai;es 15, IG, and 17. 
 
29 
 
 The total imports in 1909 were valued at 81,781,759, of which the principal 
 item Ih " tableware of china, por elain, white granite or ironstone ware," to a 
 value of $l,2ri,365. Ureat Britain is the principal source of the imports of this 
 class of clays, but quite large supplies an- also obtained from the United States, 
 Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, and Japan. 
 
 Imports of Earthenware and Chinaware. 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Fincal Year. 
 
 Value 
 
 1880 
 ItWl 
 1HK2 
 INMS 
 18H4 
 18KJ 
 IHWi 
 1887 
 1888 
 188<J 
 
 ,T.i2.:t:« i 18!)0 
 
 4;«l,02)» ! 18!)l ' 
 
 tl4H.734 1 1 18<.t2 
 
 (r>7,88<i ii 18U3 
 
 ■>u.m\ I: 1«H ...j 
 
 511,8.">H 11 IWtt 
 
 ny.i.'.'c,!! I is!»6 
 
 7r)(),ti!ll I' l,S!t7 ! 
 
 (!!I7,<I8 ■ i 1M!W ! 
 
 tW.'Jl!) : IS'.C.t I 
 
 t!95, 
 
 748, 
 
 :«•, 
 
 (•i!l.5, 
 547, 
 tu->, 
 
 r>!i.'), 
 <:7.">, 
 yii;, 
 
 20fi 
 !K)7 
 810 
 737 
 .•)U 
 !K« 
 4113 
 
 874 
 
 Fiioal Year. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1900 
 
 lltOl 
 
 l!t(»2 
 
 1!»03 
 
 I!t04. .... 
 
 HI06 
 
 I'.IOC, 
 
 l".K)7(!Mn<>H.). 
 
 I!tii8 
 
 I'.WU 
 
 1.114, 
 
 1,'irr), 
 
 i,4ih;, 
 
 l.till, 
 
 i.fiati, 
 
 l,tH'2, 
 1,422, 
 2,1!H(, 
 l,71ii, 
 
 52)i 
 
 t>77 
 0<M 
 <Ilo 
 •.w, 
 
 214 
 
 880 
 784 
 887 
 
 The existence in Canada of commercially available clays suitable for the 
 manufacture of tlie Itetter gra<ies of stoneware and pottery has not, as yet, been 
 definitely determined, although it is quite reasonable to expect that such clays 
 will yet be found, particularly in the western portion of the counfiy. 
 
 Prospecting for clays has not yet the same lure as has that for the metals or 
 other mineral products, and the determination of the value of a clay deposit pre- 
 sents, perhaps, a little more difliculty to the prospector than the recognition of 
 some metalliferous ores. 
 
 In the United States a great deal of valuable work has been done in connex- 
 ion with the investigation of the value of clay deposits. 
 
 Similar inv€siigations of Canadian clay resources were initiated by the Mines 
 Branch in 190."), when a report was prepared on the Clay Resources of Manitoba. 
 This work has been continued by the Geolojjical Survey Branch; Dr. Heinrich Uies 
 having spent the seaso/i of 1908 in the Maritime Provinces, and the summer of 
 1909 in Alberta. 
 
 Although a complete report of the laboratory experiments on the Nova Scotia 
 clays has not yet been made, the results of the held investigation are of suHicient 
 interest to justify the following extracts from Dr. Kies' preliminary report.' 
 "The object of the study was to ascertain as far as possible, what geological for- 
 mations were clay and shale-bearing, and which of these deposits were adapted to 
 the manufacture of clay products. ♦«*♦«♦ 
 
 'Summary Ri>|iort, (Jeolopfical Survey Branch, DeiKirtmeiit of Alines, 1009, p. 240. 
 
30 
 
 ImporUat OUjr-bwuinc Fonnationi. 
 
 "Prom what has be«n wiid al)<)ve, it will lie teen that the furmationn likely tu 
 yield clay or shalo depuxil of value inuNt be the lower Carb<miferouM, Mt''Htu-'t) 
 Grit, Coal MeasurtM, and Pleistocene. TheHu are few in numlier, but neveni. et,.* 
 they undi-rliu areas uf conHJderable nize. 
 
 "Lowr Carfionil>rroii». — Underlyin)^, as tiiey do, a rather extennive area in 
 central Nova Scotia, and another one in Capo Breton, it is to bo regretted tlmt 
 the lower Carboniferous rocks have not been more widely looked into l)y clay- 
 product manufacturers. The formation i.s, however, somewhat variable in its 
 character, carrying, aa it does, Iteds of shale, conglouieraU*, uyjiisum, an>l limestone. 
 Tho-e shales closely associated with the gypsum beds may In'of value for common 
 brick manufacture, although they i'requ'intiy contain considerable (|uaiitities of 
 irapui'ities, such as gypsum nodules, concretions of iron carUxiate, or sandy sin-aks. 
 At some [Miints though, as near Pugwash. the Khale occurs in large beds, and 
 worUs up well to a plastic mass : the more so as it is slightly weathered. At 
 that locality it supports one of the most active and bt^st equipped brick plants in 
 the Province. 
 
 "Northeast of Shuttenacadie, also, promising shales were found in the lower 
 Car^jonift-rous, while in the so calle<l l.mestone series around Sydiiev there were 
 found a numl)er of l)eds wiiicli app<'ar [iromising for brick manufacture, provided 
 the sandstone layers do not occur loo thickly. 
 
 ^'MillHtoiv; (r'rit. — Tiiis is well exposed in the area north of the Coal Measures 
 in the Jogjiins district ; north of the Pictou Coal Measures ; south and southeast 
 of Hawkesbury ; and west and southwest of the .Sydney cual held. 
 
 "One cannot predict the universal distribution of promising clay or shalt beds 
 in the Millstone Grit, but small beds ar.- not uncoinniin. Unfortunately, outcrops 
 are scarce in many of the areas underlain by the rocks of thi.^ age, which in- 
 crea.sed the difficulty of finding clays or shales in it. Several deposits of fair 
 importance were seen, and may be referred t > in passing. Fn the Sydney region, 
 a pir, h.is lioen opened near the Steel works, exposing a be<l of soft bluish shale, 
 not less than ") feet in thickness, A second depasit occurs near the coke oven 
 plant of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company, and a third one outcrops along 
 the east shore of Sydney harbour, near Victoria Mines post-office. Although the 
 tests of these have not yet been completed, it is highly probable that they repre- 
 sent a grade of material considerably higher than brick clay. 
 
 "In the Pictou coal region, a rather heavy bed of mottle i, shaly clay has been 
 found northeast of Woodbourne station, on the Intercolonial railway. Prelimin- 
 ary tests have shown its adaptability to the manufacture of pressed brick. It may 
 l>e said here, that there is some doubt as to whether this bed lies in the Millstone 
 Grit or Permian cotiglomerate, but the forme r view seems the more reasonable. 
 
 '"The Millstone Grit contains at. least one shale bed of some thickness in the 
 Joggins area ; but it if probably of red burnin(> character. 
 
31 
 
 "Coal AfmunreM. — Then* reprei«ent the mo«t impurtuiit clay and MlwileboHring 
 formationH of Nova Scotin, ami were rarffully examine I in the several aieiiii in 
 which they ((ccur. I he lar>{e»t i-» tliM Syiliiey Held, of Cape Bro»on. and f<xt4>ndii 
 from the Big Bra* d'Ur channel to Cow hay, with only one important intirrup- 
 tion, at Cape Percy on tlm northeostorn shore of Cow hiy, when' ihi- MilUttine 
 Orit cuts out the Coal Measures. 
 
 "Owin;; to tl>e almost uninterrupteil line of cliffs which fringe the shoreline, 
 a fine series of exposures was obtiiine<l. The Sydney coal field is cut into several 
 parts l»y somewhat deep northeast-southwest buys; which has rendered it ttitficult for 
 jjeoloj^istg to correlate the sections of the several sub<li visions of the field. It can lie 
 said ilmt the coul seams are inters! ratified with a series of shales and smulstones. 
 These are lient into a number of gentle folds, forming the Iwttom of a bnmd 
 trou^ll whicli <lips out under the -eii. Throughout the field, therefore, low dips 
 previiil. Tills gives the Ijeiis l)roa<l outcrops, but still the dip is sufficient to carry 
 the ix- 1 ripidly under cover. Towaid the nirth western and southeasUfrn parts 
 of the ti'^ld the siti 1st )ne beds pred nninate, and the shales are of poorer ipiality, 
 but in tlie central portion the shales are as abutnlmt as the mm tones. The shales 
 theras'lvrts rini{e from sm )ot.h, finegrained, plastic ones, :»f grey or red co'our, to 
 others whic!i are (|uito siliceous in their eharicter, and of doubtful value. One 
 important deposit is found underlyini; a larg.; portion of Cranlx'rry head, near 
 Hy iney .Mines. Tt is a smooth, greyish shale, and may prove of value for vitrified 
 wares. In the final refmrt it will prolvvbly be referred to as the Cranberry Head 
 type, as it appears at a numlier of points. A second type tVmnd at a number of 
 localities in the Nova Scotia Coal Measures is a sojiiewhat soft, reddish shale, well 
 expo.sed along the shore just west of CninlsMry head. Not a few of the simie 
 lje<ls are r.itlier silic;'ous in appeainnce and touch, and it would be unwise to expretut 
 any definite opinion on them until the tests have been completed. 
 
 "It seems curious llmt up to the present time these .shales have been com- 
 pletely overlooked ; and while it is true that they do not occur in de})osits of great 
 thickness, still they are easily accessible, and are capable of supplviug a consider- 
 able quantity of raw niatf rial. 
 
 "Numerous references to lireclays in the L-iydney field have been published ; 
 but as far as we were able to ascertain, this region does not contain any high grade 
 fireclays, although .some of them may prove to lie low grade. Unfortunately .iiost 
 coal miners have formed the habit of calling any ' under clay ' a fireclay. 
 
 "Pictou Fifld.—Jn this field there are numerous .>-hale beds associated with 
 the cofti seams, but they are best de%eloped in the central portion of the area, and 
 the most important known up to the present time are higher up in the section 
 than the coal beds. Many of these shales when ground and mixed with water are 
 of strong pla.sticity, but they uiifortunat<'ly contain such f> high percentase of car- 
 bonaceous matter as to recjuire great care in burning, and some of the shale beds 
 are too high in carbonaceous or petroliferous matter to beu.sed at all ; while others 
 
ss 
 
 hftve to be avoldod on account of the abund int liderite concretion* ; but in Hpite 
 of them disadvanUgci, the flold w an important holder of commerrially valuable 
 Hbale depositi. In some parU of the w-ction, an nlonR Coal creek, iiouth of the 
 Allan "haft at Stellurton, the l)e<U of nlmle ani occaaionally quite free from car- 
 bonaccouM matorinl. In only one innUncn in an under day worke<l, viz., at the 
 Drummond colliery at Wi-Htville, where a hard nhalo U minwlforthe manufacture 
 of brickM. The moMt important utilization of tl«« nliales in near New UUk;;ow, 
 where they are made into common and pressed briik, Hue lininKH, wwerpipe, and 
 drain tile. Pleistocene drift clay ix HometimeH added to the pipe mixture. 
 
 "Inverne»» /"wW.— This small field carries a nuinlxr of thale 1i«1h associated 
 with the coals, but few of thorn are of great thickness ; indeed, none of them are 
 equal in volume to those worke<l in the Pictou nrea. A good l)ed outcrop on the 
 shore a few hundred feet south of the do<k, and a plastic slide is said to underlie 
 the 7 ft. coal. Most important, however, i» the bed of grey, plastic clay which 
 overlies the 1 3 ft. seam, and is found at several poinU wb- re that seam is cut 
 through by streiims. It is, probably, a No. 2 fireclay, and varies in thiekii.se 
 from 18 inches to .» feet. If the tests prove it to be of r fractory (character, it 
 would be practicable to work it in connexion with the coal. 
 
 ■'Pirrt Hood Fidd. -Here, too, there are scattered shale occurrences in bt>th 
 the Millstone Orit and Coal Measures ; but the most important is along the shore 
 a short distance nortii of .ludique harbour, where a bluiih grey shale, with a 
 vertical dip, and about h to 10 feet thick, outcrops for sonje distance along the 
 shore. 
 
 "./oggins Area.— Thin field contains a number of thin shale seams inter- 
 stratifiod with sandstone in the Coal Measure rocks, but few of them are of any 
 thickness. The most imporUnt, perhaps, is south of Mulntyre brook ; while a 
 second one, of possible value, underlies the coal seam at Joggins. 
 
 "I'Uintocene CVny.v.— These may be roughly divided into two classes: ( I ) glacial 
 clay.s, usually of stony character, but very plastic, tough, and red burning; and (2) 
 marine clays, often strongly laminated, but al-o (juite plastic and red burning. 
 These two types of clay are rarely used for anything but drain tile and common 
 brick. A few pressed brick are made from thoni, and the smoother ones could 
 lie utilized for the manufacture of common ornamental terracotta and cheap art 
 pottery. The marine clays are best developed in the Annapolis and Shuljena- 
 cadio valleys, while the stony, glacial clays are worked mainly in the Cape 
 Breton region. 
 
 "A mosc remarkable cla\', and one of undetermined age, is that found at 
 Shubenacadie and in the Musquodoboit valley. The material is a highly plastic 
 clay, of dark grey, white, or mottled red and white colour, lying beneath the 
 glacial drift, and resting, possibly, on bed-rock. Its thickness, as indicated by a 
 series of borings made by Mr. Keele, ranges from 7 to probably 50 feet. Scat- 
 
S9 
 
 tered lumps of lignite were fmmd in the cUy «t MhuU.imt«dif, aad it i>« hoped 
 that the age of thew* can be determintMl. 
 
 "It ii« excewlingly ditficuh to determine the exact areu underlain by thiH deposit, 
 owing to the heavy mantle of glacial drift covering the region ; but the fact that' 
 the material ii fouad at several poi.iu extending over n diitUncc of 7 mile*, 
 indicates itR probable extent, unlesi lome of the maasex have been puahe<i along 
 with the drift. BoringH could, ..f courne, on!jr l>e made at those pointH whore th« 
 drift cover was thin or absent. 
 
 "The clay burns to a cream colour, and fairly denne IxKly at a comparatively 
 low tempi-ature. It is at le«st semi-rofractory in its charactei nd may prove 
 to lie a stoneware clay. Huiae test bricks were made from a urtrloafl lot of this 
 clay, takun from a shaft sunk in the deposit at Hhubenacadie. 
 
 "It is safe to say thiit nothing like it has been found elsewhere in Nova Scotia, 
 and its rcMomblance to some of the Cretac»<ous fireclays of New Jersey is striking! 
 
 New Brunawick. 
 
 "At most of our time was required foi the examination of the Nova Hcotia 
 clays, but little ut the field seasDn was left for xNew Brunswick. Several localities 
 were examined, and the following is a condensed statement of the results. 
 
 "In the vicinity of Albert Mines, in Albert county, there are oome very pro- 
 mising beds of Devonian shales, which are probably of red burning character. In 
 the event of the oilihales at thai locality being developed, these siialet will be of 
 importance for brick manufacture, but aside from this, they may pro\e to be of 
 value for making pressed brick to be shipped to other markets. Nearby there 
 are also red burning shales of lower Carboniferous age. Some of the latter are 
 located along the line of the railway. 
 
 "Many shale deposits, some of which may prove to be of refractory character, 
 are as.sociated with the coal deposits around Minto and Chapman, northep-it of 
 Grand lake. Similar shales undc ;e and overlie the coal 12 miles southeast of 
 Harcourt. 
 
 "Marine clays are worked for co-wmon, and some pressed brick, at both «t. 
 •John and Fredericton. 
 
 Prince Edward Island. 
 
 "The only clay resources of Prince Edward Island are of Pleistocene age. 
 Common brick clays are found at a number of points, but are worked to only a 
 slight extent. 
 
 Olay Working Industry. 
 
 "Up to the present time, the clay dei)Osits of Nova Scotia have been but little 
 developed. Common brick are made at Annapolis, Middleton, and Avonport, in 
 the Annapolis Valley region, and at Shubenacadie, a...! Klmsdale in the Shuben- 
 acadie valley. Other yards are in operation at Sylvester, New Glasgow, Pugwash, 
 Men Siding, and Mira River. In most cases these are operated to supply a 
 rather local demand, although the Annapolis and Pugwash brick are sometime* 
 
 9279— .T 
 
S4 
 
 whipped •oiim ilinUncn by water, ('niniiioii iHitt^ry i" iim-lf fnmi tin- iiiiiiMitlK'r 
 <>«ctii>nit i>f tliR xurfuiv cluy-t Mmtli of Kliii-<iUlti. Mi»f, i.f tim luniinoii brick yanli* 
 ro-prsM K f»'w brick. A hunl brick, kiumn in flm trml.- iix ii tlrfbrivk, but riot 
 ifjally MUfli, U ii'Ailo from thn CiHl»oriif.roii» ilmli-s iit Wcstvillo. S.-wcrpip.-, Ilm> 
 liningN, iirul ilrnin tile ari> miMlo fnmi the sliiili'>i nt New liluxf^ow ; iiihI soiixt drHiii 
 tile arc iiianiifiu;tur«ii in Uu- A nnapoiiM \ alley by the Hani*- liriiH that pruduce brirk. 
 
 "It will lie iwn, tliKrefoir, that thi-ro in (•.dnili-rablf nxnii for expan!<ion. If 
 sutii «li«velo|Mnent occur*, tlii> iiiarketH i/tiH 1h- mainly oiitti.li- of tlii> Provinop, 
 I'xi'opt for c jinmnn brick. At pi-ownt tlin biiililiii^i in that roi^ion aro cointrueUwl 
 mainly of wotxl ; but a* th« supply of tluH Ix-comu-h waicrr and timro «'X|M'n.Hivi'. 
 brick must 1)6 utilized at a sLostituU-. b'or outsid.i inarki-t*, tlu) plants nliuuld Ijf 
 located an near to water as possibli-, to avoid rail »liipinont. 
 
 "It is lioptjd that the studios of ths naiaplos now l)oini{ curried on will demon 
 ttraU> thi' v,!!!!-- of the i-lay and sh iIim for niakini; prussu I bii.-k, vitritioil briuk, 
 earthenware, and perhaps stoneware, sewerpipe, etc." 
 
 LIME. 
 
 The ai-tivity of building ofMsrat ions in 1909 is rellieted also in the statistics 
 of lime production for that year. The total sales wen- reported as 0,rjitl',924 
 buuhels, valued at ;81,i;i2,756, or an a%era«e of 20 centN jkt bushel; as comjNire.l 
 with 3,601, 4CH bushels, valued at .^712,917, or an average of 20 cents per bushel 
 in I90X. The returns of production for 1909, partiiulariy for the Provinces of 
 New Brunnwick and Manitoba, were probably a little metro complete than those 
 for 1908, so that the actual i.icreaiie may not be quite no largt" as is indicated in 
 tlie above tigure.s. 
 
 The production or sales by provinces during the past four years h shown in 
 the tables following. A small (|uaDtity of lime is usually made in Prince Edward 
 Island, but mostly from stone brought o\er from Nova Heotia, and the figures 
 have been included in the statistics for this Province. 
 
 Lime Production by Provinces, 1906 and 1907. 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 190*1. 
 Value. 
 
 J* ! 
 
 13,600 
 
 94,290; 
 
 2<ll,«16 
 
 4!t«,785j 
 
 119,792! 
 
 Average 
 
 |ier 
 Bliuhe). 
 
 cto. 
 
 27 
 23 
 22 
 17 
 19 
 
 ■ 
 
 23 
 
 93 
 
 20 
 
 40 2 
 
 11 9 
 
 Biixhi'l*. 
 
 46,000 
 
 664,830! 
 
 1,0K»,836' 
 
 2,333,879 
 
 431,648 
 
 3.700 
 
 173,040 
 
 159,9&3, 
 
 Value. 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 Buafiel. 
 
 
 
 
 i BnshuU 
 
 ! 
 
 Nova Scotiu 
 
 New Brunnwick.. 
 
 uO.UW 
 40.\45n 
 
 irAMiS 
 
 2,886,000 
 620.201 
 
 Ui,(IOO 
 124,786 
 262,9iHi 
 39.3,474 
 
 84,793 
 1,480 
 
 41,225 
 
 49,847 
 
 974,696 
 
 CtM. 
 
 !»5 
 23 
 26 
 17 
 20 
 40 
 24 
 31 
 
 16 
 
 12 8 
 
 27 
 
 40 4 
 
 8-7 
 
 2 
 
 Klltii ■• 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 Saakatchewan . 
 
 AlberU 
 
 BritiBh Columbia . . 
 
 240,000 
 106,192 
 
 5«,aOO' 
 26,694j 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 6 « 
 27 
 
 4 2 
 
 5 1 
 
 
 6,230,406 
 
 1,009,177 
 
 19 
 
 1000 
 
 4,765,316! 
 
 20 
 
 1000 
 
;»:. 
 
 Lima Production by Provincen, 1908 and 1009. 
 
 rrtniii.f, 
 
 llll.llrl 
 
 I 'DM. 
 
 \'»l., 
 
 |"'r 
 llii.ti>>l. 
 
 Itii 
 
 ItKfl. 
 
 Att'iiiKt'. 
 
 nliK'. |»'r I 
 
 ' Ullalwl. I 
 
 NiiMi Soitla . . 
 XfW Itpiinwiik 
 
 Oiitun.) 
 
 Atiiniiiilui. 
 
 AIU-H,t 
 
 l'riti«!i Ci.luiiil.ia 
 
 i.v>.rt'< 
 
 L'.iw7,7.ll 
 l:t«,7H4l 
 
 i:r.,4x. 
 
 10. 1 w 
 
 1 1, '.It' 
 
 ■.''tl..i".7 
 
 :l.'i.'<.,".ii7 
 
 •-•l.l't:' 
 
 :ii,.°4i<i 
 
 :i.«il,«W 7I2,!H7 
 
 I 
 
 17 
 17 
 
 •jii 
 
 •J :tl 
 I > 
 
 rii> :< I 
 
 4H| 
 
 ■■■7,7;i'i 
 
 i;!i7. lai 
 
 i.-."-i,!*:'7 
 
 ;.',til!»,.Vi.i 
 
 IL^ilM 
 
 l.M,l.-.l 
 at. 147 
 
 (l!t,ti7'> 
 
 •i7,.'l."ill 
 
 7.V""ri 
 
 CU. 
 
 2!t 
 
 ir 
 
 IS 
 
 1.1 1. 
 
 :iN :i 
 
 li 
 
 •.II j Kw II 
 
 .\ril»!{.!i-.') |.|;ii>.7-,(; 
 
 ■Jt) KH) i> 
 
 .Vh with tl, . ..thor struotuf.il imtDrinls, «)iit.trio i^ th- lur^'i-ii |.riKlu<:i'f, tin. 
 I'lMviii... b.)in^' crnditcd witli :H p.r corit of ttio total vulu'j ilurini; l'JOi». 
 
 •JuhIh'o prorinco hat »Uo u very conHi.l.-nibl.- Iitu(> jiicjiictinii. .MtitrihiUin,' 
 hImiiH l'« p,.r .f nt of th.> total value; ,in.| nrxt to th.'M. in impoilariiM .omo.i N.-w 
 Hniti^wi.k. Tho invrai;,'.) piicn |R'r liu-.lii.l in tlio sev.Mul pfivim;.)^ r,in«eci from 
 Itic-entsin M.initoU to 3:; tvnt-* in Hritish Columhia. Tim iiveni^n pi ic p<i 
 liushel in Oiitnrio Ims reuirtincd constmit .luring the pn«t tour yiMis ut 17 .•..|it«. 
 .Stati.-tii's of llio annual pi-oduction of limo ii Ontiiiio us published liy the Ontario 
 Hureau of MineH are available sin.e 181)6, and are sho.wn in the next table. Thenn 
 returns are slightly higher thin those obtained bv the Mines Mranch. 
 
 Annual Production of Lime in Ontario. 
 
 (A» i«-i..|tMi 1 Ky till' Ontiiiio liiiPfiiii (i( Miller). 
 
 Cal'iiilai Vtar. t>ii»lii'l< 
 
 \ hIih'. 
 
 Cent". 
 ISiiaht'l. 
 
 ( ';llt'lli 
 
 ISitll. 
 1M!I7. 
 IHW. . 
 Ifill!!. , 
 IW«I. . 
 19111. 
 
 VMiei. 
 
 l,HfU),iHlii 222,11(10 12 
 
 2.f!2C,lXl(t 
 4.:H2,5(N» 
 ;i,8!I.S,fl00 
 4,1(10,1101) 
 
 4,:«io,(i()ii 
 
 :<(iH,uii(i 
 
 53.'>,()()0 
 r>44,(KX) 
 •VKl.lKM) 
 617,1100 
 
 12 
 12 
 14 
 13 
 14 
 
 19(«. 
 
 i'.m. 
 
 IWl.".. , 
 VMH. . 
 I!H)7. 
 IIIOH. 
 t!H)!). . 
 
 
 
 Cents 
 
 ir. I!ii»lifl-. 
 
 Valii... 
 
 IHr 
 
 
 
 BiixIk-]. 
 
 
 $ 
 
 
 :<, 400,000! 
 
 .')2"i,000 
 
 15 
 
 '■ 2,(iOO,(JOOi 
 
 4(Ki,K(J0 
 
 16 
 
 3,100,000 
 
 424,70f) 
 
 14 
 
 . . . i 2,HK1,0(.N| 
 
 4!H),7«i 
 
 17 
 
 . . . 2,(..'iO,(IO() 
 
 418,700 
 
 17 
 
 ...: 2,442.:i:n 
 
 148,596 
 
 18 
 
 . . 2,i.:m,."i(io 
 
 17ii,8.")8 
 
 18 
 
 h'.portH and /m/H>r/». — The value of the lime exporte<J during the calendar 
 year 1909 was iJ4S,821, the destination of shipments being mainly the United 
 States. 
 
 9270— 3i 
 
36 
 
 Tlie imports during tlie same periixl were 16H,:{57 barrels valued at *1 1M,-J3!), 
 tind were derived chiefly from the United States. 
 
 Annual statistics of <• ;■ ' , < :i d imports are given in the next two tables : — 
 
 Ex irts of Lime. 
 
 I'alendar Year. 
 
 Vahi 
 
 I8'.tl ll!t,8r»3 
 
 1«)2 1 121,535 
 
 i8i)3 1 m,im 
 
 WM . , i («,«70 
 
 1895 71,ti97 
 
 189ti i 70,820 
 
 1897 ' na,\77 
 
 KifK-al Year. 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Value 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Viilii.-. 
 
 I 1898 4<.t,594 
 
 j 18il!t 73,565 
 
 , 1900 80,8.V-' 
 
 liKIl 99,194 
 
 ' line ii«,(Hiii 
 
 VMi 131,412 
 
 19m 73,838 
 
 ! * 
 
 1905 85,723 
 
 1906 .57,072 
 
 1907 55,9(W 
 
 \'.m 43,316 
 
 19i>!l 48,821 
 
 I 
 
 Imports of Lime. 
 
 Barrels 
 
 Value 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 BarreU. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1880.. 
 
 1881,, 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 , 
 
 1884.. 
 
 1885., 
 
 1886.. 
 
 1887.. 
 
 1888,. 
 
 1889 , 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 . 
 
 1892.. 
 
 1893. 
 
 1891,, 
 
 6,100 6,013 1895 ... 12, 
 
 5,796 : 4,17" 1896 10, 
 
 5,0t;4 5,365 1897 16, 
 
 7,62:5 9.224 ! 1898 12, 
 
 10,804 11.200 I 1899 1 15, 
 
 12,072 ll,.^^ 1900 12, 
 
 11,021 9,347 litOl I 19, 
 
 10,83,* 8,:)24 1902 24, 
 
 10,142 7,537 V.m 31, 
 
 13,079 9.363 ' 1904 54, 
 
 8,149 .5,.<«U) 1905 98, 
 
 6,2.59 4,273 1!)06 V», 
 
 6, 132 4,241 1907 (9 lecw. ) 88, 
 
 6,879 4,917 1908 129, 
 
 6,766 4,907 1909. Duty 20 (ler cent VA 
 
 008 
 239 
 108 
 850 
 720 
 
 8<ir> 
 
 6,57 
 602 
 1118 
 359 
 676 
 
 xn 
 
 919 
 379 
 934 
 
 5,743 
 
 7,a31 
 
 10,529 
 
 9,002 
 
 11,124 
 
 11,211 
 
 14,534 
 
 17,584 
 
 22,470 
 
 39,039 
 
 71,588 
 
 9.3.630 
 
 67,573 
 
 9!»,611 
 
 106,2f)3 
 
 SAND-LIME BRICK. 
 
 For the year 1909 returns were received from nine manufacturers of sand- 
 lime brick, showing total sales to have been 27,0.52,864, valued at .•?201,650, or an 
 average of $7.4.'> per thousand. 
 
 Annual statistics of production since 1907 are shown below : — 
 
 Annual Production of Sand-Lime Brick. 
 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 
 i 
 
 Number. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ...l 16,492,971 
 17.288,2ti0 
 
 167,795 
 152,85<i 
 201,650 
 
 1909 
 
 
 
 27,052.sri4 
 
 
 
 
 
37 
 
 The folluwiiig is a lUt of manufacturers of sand-liiiie brick whose returns 
 jjroduction were l•'^(•(■ive(l : — 
 
 Tlie Schultz Bros. Co , Ltd., Brantfonl, Ont. 
 
 Jno. Mann tV' 8ons, Brantford, Ont 
 
 Tlie Silicate Brick Co. of Ottawa, Ltd., OtUwu, Ont. 
 
 The Peterboro Sandstone Brick Co., Ltd., Poterborougli, Ont. 
 
 Toronto Indestructible B'ick Co , Ltd., Toronto, Ont. 
 
 The Brandon Brick •(• T.ni>.'.ff Co,, Brandon, Man. 
 
 Manitoba Pressed L'i'.k Co, Ltd., V. i inipeg, Man. 
 
 Intcrucean Pressed i'rici.- di., ili gii. ., Sask. 
 
 Tlie Silicate Brick iv T,i,,ip ('(, ,,f V, toria, Victoria, B.C. 
 
 SANDS AND GRAVELS. 
 
 Xo statistics are available as to the pnxiuction of sand and gravel, but the 
 trade returns of the Customs Department show an export and an import of these 
 materials for a number of years, of which a record is given in the accompanying 
 tables • — 
 
 Annual Exports of Sand and Qravel. 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Toiw 
 
 V;il.i 
 
 1894 
 189,5 
 1890 
 1897 
 1898 
 1899 
 1900 
 1901 
 
 
 .* 
 
 329,11« 
 
 121,7i»J 
 
 324,(»(i 
 
 86,!W0 
 
 277,162 
 
 118.359 
 
 224,769 ! 
 
 80,1111 
 
 I,'j2,9<)3 
 
 76.7?.l 
 
 16,5,954 I 
 
 !XI,4!IS 
 
 242,450 1 
 
 101,tl4(( 
 
 197,588 I 
 
 101,61 i(i 
 
 197,302 1 
 
 117,4rK-i 
 
 Calendar Ytar. 
 
 TOIIH . 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 liHnj 
 
 159,793 
 
 119,12<( 
 
 11HI3 
 
 :!.V),792 
 
 121,006 
 
 liK)4 
 
 .S<»!»,809 
 
 129,803 
 
 1»V> 
 
 :«lH),93r 
 
 152,8(6 
 
 liHKJ 
 
 :W6,55(t 
 
 139,712 
 
 1907 
 
 298,095 
 
 119,853 
 
 1!K)H 
 
 298,954 
 
 ltil,:«7 
 
 1909 
 
 481,584 
 
 •S-Ai,W, 
 
 
 
 
 Annual Imports of Sand and Qravel. 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 1895. 
 1896. 
 1897. 
 1898. 
 1899. 
 190<>. 
 1901. 
 
 T..11S 
 
 26,065 I 
 
 41,673 1 
 
 19,609 S 
 
 18.953 
 
 21,308 
 
 32,148 
 
 30,288 
 
 35,713 
 
 :»,749 
 
 Value. 
 
 Fiscal Yeai-. 
 
 739 
 
 779 
 604 
 222 
 
 287 
 20! I 
 280 
 891 
 
 ]!M»2 
 
 1!I03 
 
 l'.K)4 
 
 I'.til.") 
 
 I'.MKl 
 
 l!K>7(!'iii()s.l. 
 
 1908 
 
 UNCI 
 
 Tons. 
 
 47,:«l 
 
 91,518 
 110,t»4 
 
 8.5,339 
 116,500 
 171,700 
 2(ifl,704 
 132,li^8 
 
 Value. 
 
 9 
 
 .58,(168 
 95,647 
 107,.547 
 92,722 
 173,727 
 177,412 
 223,043 
 1,36,011 
 
■■'.^ 
 
 SLATE. 
 
 The pruduc'tion of slate continues much the same as in previous years. Xn 
 new quarries liave been opened up, and the output was obta<ned entirely from 
 the Now Uockland slate quarries of Kichinond county, Quebec, which ha%e for a 
 number of years been operated under lease by Messrs. Eraser and Davies. 
 
 The production for 190!) was reported as 4,000 squares, valued at Al 9,000; as 
 compared with a production valued at 8113,496 in 1908, and $20,056 in 190". 
 
 A small export of slate to the value of $612 was reported in 1909. 
 
 Statistics of annual production sinco 1886 are shown herewith : - 
 
 Annual Production of Slate. 
 
 Cali'nilar Year. 
 
 TOIIH. 
 
 Value. 
 
 i«8i; 
 
 18H7 
 
 1888 
 
 5,3«.-. 
 7,3r)7 
 5,314 
 f>,9.V) 
 (■.,3(M< 
 5,000 
 5,180 
 7,112 
 
 » 
 64,ti7r) 
 89,000 
 90,tW9 
 
 il9,ir,o 
 
 100,250 
 65,000 
 69,070 
 iK),825 
 75,550 
 58,900 
 53,370 
 42,800 
 
 1889 
 
 ISitO 
 
 1891 
 
 18!t2 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 18!)6 
 
 18!»7 
 
 
 
 
 Calendar Year. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Valii 
 
 1H98... 
 
 1899.. 
 
 UtOO.. 
 
 1901... 
 
 1902.. . 
 
 Iil03.. 
 
 1!K)4... 
 
 1905... 
 
 1900.. , 
 
 l'M7... 
 
 1908... 
 
 1909... 
 
 5,277 
 
 4,3:!5 
 2,950 
 4,000 
 
 8 
 
 40,791 
 
 ;«,4<w 
 
 12,1011 
 9,980 
 19,200 
 22,040 
 23,247 
 21,568 
 24,446 
 20,056 
 13,49i> 
 19,«)0 
 
 That there is a more extensive market in Canada than is supplied bv slate 
 from Canadian sources is shown by the following statistics of imports : — 
 
 The total value of the imports of slate in 1909 was .$135,221, of which 
 !?71,914 was roofing slate, and $34,085 school writing slates. The imports of 
 roofing slate, school writing slates, and manufacture of slate n. o. p, are chiefly 
 from the United States. Some roofing slate is also imported fioni Great Britain, 
 while slate pencils principally come from Germany and the United States. 
 
 Statistics of imports and exports are shown in the following table : — 
 
 Imports of Slate daring the Tears 1908 and 1909. 
 
 Slatf and Manufiictiiro nf . 
 
 12 ni<>ntli> 12 niunthx i 12 niimths 
 
 <'ndinK cndintf i ending 
 
 Jfareli, I'.KW. Mareli, I'.tO!*.! Dec., 1909. 
 
 MantleH 
 
 Roofing slate 
 
 School writing slat"' 
 
 .Slate |>encil8 
 
 Slate nf all kinils and inaiiiifaitiuis nf 
 
 !!i 
 
 72,588 
 
 26,834 
 
 3,898 
 
 27,749 
 
 9ff ' 
 
 02,132 j "1,914 
 
 29,340 j 34,085 
 
 4,379 6,154 
 
 28,124 23,068 
 
 131,W9 
 
 124,065 
 
 135,221 
 

 
 r<inji. 
 
 Exports of Slate. 
 
 
 Calendar Yfar. 
 
 Vttluf. , (Ntlviular V 
 
 1881. 
 
 
 .-^!t 
 
 « 
 
 6 Hh 18112 
 
 1885 
 
 
 Mi 
 
 5 274 '' 18!t3.. 
 
 1886. 
 1887, 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 
 
 
 M 
 27 
 22 
 26 
 
 4!t5 18!I4 
 
 373 : 18!t5 
 
 475 1896 
 
 3,303 j 18n7tol9(»7.. .. 
 1,53 1 1908 
 
 18<)0 
 
 
 12 
 
 18!»1. 
 
 
 15 
 
 195 ' 19(Ht 
 
 Vain 
 
 ! « 
 
 87 . 2,038 
 
 178 3,168 
 
 187 3,610 
 
 ■M i 574 
 •.M 8,913 
 Nil. Nil. 
 2,.5;ty 
 
 134 612 
 
 Imports of Slate. 
 
 I 
 
 Fi'^eal Yrar. Valm-. 
 
 if 
 
 1880 21,431 
 
 1881 22,181 
 
 1882 24,543 
 
 1883 24,968 
 
 1884 28,816 
 
 1885 '■ 28,169 
 
 1886 27,852 
 
 1.S87 27,845 
 
 1888 23.151 
 
 1S89 41,370 
 
 Ki«oal Yrar. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1890. 
 1891 . 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 1895. 
 189ti. 
 1897. 
 1S98. 
 18!I9. 
 
 it 
 22,871 
 46,104 
 50,441 
 51,179 
 2!t,2«7 
 19,471 
 24,176 
 21,615 
 24,907 
 33,100 
 
 Fiscal Year. 
 
 1900 ., 
 
 lltOl 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1900 
 
 1907(9ui.«), 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 Value. 
 
 5,'<,707 
 
 72,187 
 
 72,601 
 
 84,437 
 
 86,0.57 
 
 93,228 
 
 112,941 
 
 9.5, .520 
 
 13I,0(!9 
 
 118,9tHi 
 
 STONE. 
 
 Statistics of .stone production given herewith, include the sales of all classes 
 of stone used for building, mo' al and ornamental purposes, stone for paving 
 
 purposes, curbstone and flagst ■ le, rip-rap and crushed stone, limestone for 
 
 furnace tlux, sugar factorie<, i out stone used for burning lime or the 
 manufacture of cement, is not included. 
 
 The kinds of aUme quarried have ijeen ela3se<l as granite, limestone, sand- 
 stone, and marble. 
 
 The records are practically confined to ([uari'^ operations or the production of 
 s'lwn or polished stone when these operations are carried on by the quarry opera- 
 tors. Tn addition to this production of stone by regular operators there is no 
 doubt a large stone production by indi> iduals such as farmers and others, for 
 house or barn foundations, concrete • '-, etc., of which it would be impracti- 
 cable to obtain any satisfactory recora. Much stone is probably also used in 
 railway construction work and in road building, of which no record has yet been 
 obtained. 
 
 The statistics obtained for 1909 are much more complete than those for 
 former years, and for that reason it is somewhat difficult to make comparisons. 
 
10 
 
 It H impossible also, except in a few cases, t.. show the quantity of stone 
 production, so that the value only of the shipment can W' >,'iven. 
 
 The total value of the stone pi-oduction in I'JO'J was letumeJ us $.J, 1 -', I •<•>. 
 In 1908, the total value, not including limestone for tlux. was estimated at 
 82,08K,G13, or, including the stone usi-d for rtux, !?2,.'578,318. In 1009 the total 
 numlx-r of men reported employed in connexion with stone .|uuirving was »,84.(, 
 ani the wages paid §2,111,987. 
 
 Of the total value of the 1909 jnxJuction, limeston.) contributed 68 4 per 
 cent or j«2, 139,691 in value; strauite, 14 r, per cent or .S454,824 ; sandstone, 1 •- 
 per cent or §374,179 ; and -narble, 51 per cent or 8158,4*1. 
 
 Su>ne was used for building purposes to t!ie value of si, 170,550 or 37 4 per 
 cent of the total ; monumental and ornamental stone a v.ilue of .*306,338 or 9 8 
 per cent : curb, paving, and flagstone, «279,227 or 8 • 9 per cent ; rubbh- .•«303, 1 >() 
 or 97 per cent; crushed stone i«6C4,287 or -.'l^ p-r cent, and furnace Mux 
 )S403,G13or 12 9 of the total. 
 
 By provinces, Quebec shows the largest output, having a value of $1,359,349 
 or 43-5 per cent ; the total being made up of limestone to the value of $972,253. 
 Rranite valued at 8257,096, and marble valued at 8130,000. Ontario takes 
 second place with a pro<Iuction of .$748,639 in value or 239 per cent of the 
 total: of which limestone is credited with 8639,674; sandstone, 862,824; granite, 
 342,700; and marble, $3,441. The total production in British Columbia was 8365,081 • 
 including granit* to the value of 8134,310; sandstone, $168,553; limestone, 
 $37,258; and marble, 825,000. The production in Manitoba was valued at $331,899: 
 made up of limestone $328,554, and granite 83,345. The Nova Scotia pr-'xluc- 
 tion was reported as 8189,604: comprising limestone, $161,922; sandstone, 
 $21,850, and granite, 85,832. New Br ■ - ck is credited with 842,180: made up 
 chiefly of sandstone and granite. Alberta reported a production of $90,383, all 
 of sandstone. 
 
 Production of Stone by Provinces, 1909. 
 
 Province. 
 
 (}raiiiti'. I.iiiustDiie. Marblf. 
 
 .Sand- 
 stone. 
 
 Nova Scutia 
 
 ( .') .s;vj 
 
 161.!»22 
 30 
 a72,2.-.3 
 ti3{»,H74 
 :»28.5.54 
 
 S 
 
 3.441 
 
 21,8.-,0 
 ,t<i,60!( 
 
 Xe* Brunswick 
 
 Quebec 
 
 n.-vti 
 •2r>7,m\ 
 
 42 7()0 
 
 Manitulm 
 
 3,34.-. 
 
 <)?,824 
 
 Allierta 
 
 
 !K>,383 
 l(i8,513 
 
 British Coluniliia 
 
 134,31(1 
 
 .37,2.58 
 
 2.-., 001) 
 
 Totals 
 
 454, S24 
 
 2,l.S9,ti!ll 
 
 158,441 
 5 1 
 
 ;t74,17!t 
 
 Per cent , . 
 
 . . 14 5 
 
 «8 4 
 
 12 
 
 Total. 
 
 189,504 
 
 42,180 
 
 1..^59,34!) 
 
 748.(a9 
 
 .331,899 
 90,,'W;t 
 
 ;»i.5,081 
 
 3,127,135 
 lUO 
 
 ti 1 
 13 
 43 5 
 23 9 
 IOC 
 2 9 
 II - 
 
 lOU 
 
41 
 
 Value of Stone sold for various purposes in 1909. 
 
 Kind. 
 
 Ornaiiu'iifnl I'livin^' i 
 HiiiUliiijf. unci .Muiiii' ami (>urb-; KuWbli'. 
 incntitl. stonp. 
 
 CriiHli.-il. 
 
 <iliUlitl-. 
 
 I.iineiitiinf. . 
 
 MarMc- 
 
 .SauflMton*'. . , 
 
 9 
 
 l.V.»,47ll 
 
 •«i«,324 
 
 211,1100 
 
 324,7111 
 
 73, nil 
 
 '.•5,467 
 
 13.5,780 
 
 1,*K) 
 
 lllti,'.Nvt 
 !.•>>, 490 
 
 " 17,774 
 
 (13,205 
 210,41H 
 
 2,(101 : 
 
 2ti,836 
 
 .M,575 
 ti09,34!l 
 
 3,;«i3 
 
 Totals 
 
 l,170,.->50 
 
 :«)«,338 
 
 270,227 
 
 .•«j:*,12o , 
 
 •1114,287 1 
 
 1''iiinao«- 
 Kliix. 
 
 iii;f,tjl3 
 
 Tntlll. 
 
 4.-i4,N24 
 
 2,130.<l'.ll 
 
 1,-|S,441 
 
 374, 1 7H 
 
 4ti3,«l« 3,127,l.'<5 
 
 Ex/iorta and ImporU. — Tiie ex|)orts of ittone are classiticd simply as wrou^'ht 
 anil unwrimght; the total value of the exports in 1909 was .'?59,.'?70, as compared 
 with .?58,005 in 1908. 
 
 The annual exports given since 189(1 are shown in ilie t'ollowini,' table : — 
 Exports of Stone and Marble, Wrought and Unwrought. 
 
 Cilriiilar V«ir. 
 
 Wrought. I'nwTiHiKht 1 (.'altmiar Year, 
 
 Wrought. I'liwriiMK'ht. 
 
 I 
 
 l«t0. 
 1801. 
 1892. 
 18'J3. 
 18y4. 
 !8!)6. 
 18%. 
 1897. 
 1898. 
 1800, 
 
 725 
 
 ays 
 
 (198 
 102 
 ,570 
 
 ,587 
 ,031 
 ,415 
 ,526 
 ,092 
 
 43,611 
 1(1,102 
 47,424 : 
 12,532 
 34,1.30 
 .M,(J10 
 32,8!^7 
 42,034 
 (i,'),370 
 101,031 
 
 IIKK).. 
 1901.. 
 1902.. 
 1!K)3.. 
 1904.. 
 I'JO,^.. 
 I'tOti.. 
 1!)07.. 
 l!Ht8.. 
 lOO!^.. 
 
 $ 
 
 « 
 
 .•>,933 
 
 11.5,711 
 
 5,917 
 
 157,739 
 
 8,032 
 
 124,829 
 
 7,084 1 
 
 40,205 
 
 1,7(10 i 
 
 17,8(»2 
 
 3,545 1 
 
 13,089 
 
 ■J3,0!^7 i 
 
 4,(175 
 
 4,233 i 
 
 3,087 
 
 15,194 1 
 
 42,811 
 
 33..-188 1 
 
 2.5,772 
 
 The imports are classified as building stone of all kinds except marble, 
 manufactures of granite and other stone, and marble and its manufactures. The 
 total value of the imports of stone during the calendar year 1909 was 868.3,801, 
 the imports during the fiscal year ending March were *.5.31,822; as compared 
 with a value of 8651, -525 during the fiscal year 1908. 
 
 Of the imports during the calendar year 1909, .■?280,5.')7 in value was classed 
 as building stone; ^1.32,298 as granite, sawn and manufactures of; $58,35-5 as 
 paving blocks, and 8182,147 as marble and manufactures of. Details of the 
 imports of the calendar year 1909 and the fiscal years 1908 and 1909, and of the 
 annual imports since 1880, are shown in accompanying tables. 
 
 The impoits during 1909 were de-ivetl chiefly from the United States and 
 Great Britain ; the United States supplying building stone, paving blocks, and 
 marble principally. The imports from Great Britain consisted mainly of manu- 
 factures of granite. Marble is obtained in some tiuantity from Italy also. 
 
4l> 
 
 Total ImporU of Stone during the Calendar Year 1909. 
 
 Iiii|ic>rt». 
 
 Tonx. 
 
 liuildiiifr BtoiK?, roiiifli (1 1 
 
 dr("4iie<l (2j 
 
 tiianite, sawn cnily 
 
 " infgM. (if. 
 
 Paviiiff blofkii 
 
 ManufacturcK nf ntonf , x!o I' 
 
 Marble and mfga. of— 
 Marble, navvn niily 
 
 rmigli. Milt hamiiiiri'il or ili 
 nmniifactiii'frt of, X.o.l 
 
 -'1,74B 
 
 ;Vi.0IO 
 
 307 
 
 \M\>-i\ 
 
 Value. 
 
 102.471' 
 
 17H,OH7 
 
 2.3*) 
 
 129,91H 
 
 .■•8,;«5 
 
 ;tO,444 
 
 lis.oyo 
 H,414 
 
 (iXS.Wl 
 
 ..nJllld*''"^"""-"- •^■'"'"•■- ^-Khfr-t..n... s»,„Nto„... and „„ ,„.il.li,,K ,to„.. no-. han,.„..r..d or 
 (2) Klaffstoim .-.n,! all ..iIht l.uildinK sto,,., ,„w,: or ,lr.„«.d. 
 
 Imports of Stone, showing Country of Origin, Calendar Year 1909. 
 
 Iiii|«ins iif. 
 
 (ireat Britain. i United States. 
 
 Tons, j Value. [ Tons. . Value. 
 
 Building Htone. rough (1) 
 
 " dresM<l (2) . . 
 
 <>ranit<., .si»wn only 
 
 " mfgB, uf . 
 
 Paving blocks 
 
 Manufactures of stoni-, \.(i I" 
 Marble and infgs. of— 
 Marble, sawn onlv. 
 
 506 
 144 
 J2<> 
 
 rough, not hammered ' 
 
 or chiselled 
 
 manufactures of, X.( ). i>] i ' . . . 
 
 » » 
 
 a,048 I 21,116 99,933 
 987 35,76fi 177,100 
 
 58, .355 
 .; 24,316 
 
 H.">,«.")(i 
 
 8,414 
 .)3.0»2 
 
 I Other 
 Italy, j Countries. 
 
 Value - Value. 
 9 $ 
 
 4WI 
 
 3,374 
 
 1,3113 
 l;i2,8«2 
 
 29,071 
 
 14 
 
 '2; 7.54' 
 1,0! )3 
 
 51«,»).-i j 29,071 
 
 1,163 
 
 5,so:< 
 
 chis-'lVe.l"'''"^'™''^- '^™""*' '""f^h freestone, .,and,tone, and all huilding ..tone not han.ne,,,! 
 (2) Flagstone n„,| all other building .tone, sawn or dre.ssed. 
 
43 
 
 Imports of Mtone, Fiscal Tears 1908 and 1909. 
 
 VMIS. 
 
 Iiii|»tit-. 
 
 T.iii". 
 
 \'alili-. 
 
 19l«. 
 
 Ton*. 
 
 VnliiK 
 
 -^t 
 
 lliiiiiliiig :<t>i>ii', I'oiikIi (H 
 
 dr><i«HJ C.'i 
 
 • iiaiiit*', Mtiviiimly 
 
 " infgH. Ill' 
 
 I'aviii}; lilock.. . . . . . . 
 
 .Vlanufacturi'x of itiiiir, N.H. I' : 
 
 Marlilf mid iiifg«. of 
 
 Marlilc, <awi) only 
 
 M rouffh, not li;i!iim«'r*'tl t»i- clii'^lit'd. 
 iiiiMiiifftctiiri- iif. N.(l. I' 
 
 l'.t,:m 
 
 17,llit> 
 
 I.OIH 
 
 8 
 
 HO.'.k'iO , 
 '.H'.M*! i 
 
 l5r>,t'itiH ! 
 
 l»i,:M)0 
 
 14,1111 
 16,841 
 
 so; 
 
 .0 
 
 ii:i,".i»4 
 
 72.!H>1 
 
 2,7»i 
 
 123,155 
 
 42,4% 
 
 i\fiiH 
 
 U>S,.V.'2 
 
 t'.liJN 
 
 tM,268 
 
 M31,822 
 
 (1) FlajfiUmw, (?<■"""•'• •■'"'K'' f' loll". ■■MinNt.mr, .iii<l :ill IniiMinff "ttoni' not hnninii'rfd or 
 
 < hinfllfnl. 
 
 I'ii Klnsfitoni' and nil otli>.| iMiildiii},' -t.piu-, -jwn "i dri-sM d. 
 
 Annual Imports of Stone. 
 
 Fincal Year. 
 
 IMW. 
 18«1... 
 1882. . 
 188.3. 
 1884. 
 188,"). . 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1888. . 
 1889. . . 
 1890. . 
 1891.. 
 1892. 
 1893. . 
 1894 . 
 1895. . . 
 1896. 
 1897. . 
 1898. 
 1899. 
 1900. . 
 1901... 
 1902. . 
 1903. . . 
 liMM. 
 190;"). . 
 irKXi. . 
 1907. . . 
 1908.. 
 190!t. 
 
 
 O. -Ml INK. 
 
 Muniifac- 
 
 
 
 ioiigli. 
 
 1 >ri'»>*d. 
 
 tiiri-s of 
 (iranitf, ♦■tc, 
 
 Marlilf. 
 
 Flajj-ton'> 
 
 * 
 
 .* 
 
 ' 
 
 » 
 
 ? 
 
 32.824 
 
 3,146 
 
 ■.'9.40.S 
 
 l«,l)15 
 
 
 7,823 
 
 .J0..32r> 
 
 36.877 
 
 8.5,977 
 
 241 
 
 32,848 
 
 775 
 
 37,2»i7 
 
 109,.V15 
 
 8t8 
 
 33,42)1 
 
 i,ta2 
 
 4.5,tK«; 
 
 128,.520 
 
 i '•*■> 
 
 46,232 
 
 l,8.-i« 
 
 4.5,290 
 
 108,771 
 
 1.1.58 
 
 28,4.3;t 
 
 2,0.")8 
 
 39,867 
 
 102,8.35 
 
 l,7.5tl 
 
 36,776 
 
 4,8!W 
 
 41,984 
 
 117,7.52 
 
 9,443 
 
 47,819 
 
 6,54!l 
 
 il,829 
 
 104,2.50 
 
 lO.'HW 
 
 84,263 
 
 2,110 
 
 47,487 
 
 94,681 
 
 21,<i77 
 
 Wt.72:« 
 
 10,591 
 
 61,341 
 
 118,421 
 
 1,5,451 
 
 12<!,45<i 
 
 ,">,(!!«• 
 
 ^4,396 
 
 !H»,3'.2 
 
 4S,9!I5 
 
 1.51,119 
 
 19,771 
 
 61,(ir.l 
 
 107.661 
 
 »1,348 
 
 8.-), 169 
 
 io,;h81 
 
 39,479 
 
 in6,2<i8 
 
 1.5,048 
 
 47,609 
 
 • 8,<H)1 
 
 49,.323 
 
 96,177 
 
 S,."i(X) 
 
 48,t)!»7 
 
 4,811 
 
 49,510 
 
 94,6.57 
 
 2,429 
 
 .37,732 
 
 6,.5.JO 
 
 51,050 
 
 83,422 
 
 84 
 
 12,737 
 
 11,393 
 
 .51,499 
 
 90,li6f) 
 
 Nil 
 
 27,442 
 
 11,272 
 
 .34,026 
 
 77,150 
 
 227 
 
 2,\322 
 
 3,173 
 
 41,240 
 
 9.5,894 
 
 1,540 
 
 43,494 
 
 4, .546 
 
 Ii0,148 
 
 104,879 
 
 Nil 
 
 63,376 
 
 1,1.57 
 
 .57.039 
 
 94,017 
 
 63 
 
 45,0.39 
 
 1,0.'19 
 
 6(i,(i39 
 
 96,159 
 
 116 
 
 69,972 
 
 29,102 
 
 72,397 
 
 130,424 
 
 1,231 
 
 71,202 
 
 16,6<i4 
 
 78,629 
 
 1.53,481 
 
 Nil 
 
 .59,864 
 
 33,914 
 
 141.165 
 
 181,511 
 
 Nil 
 
 4',l,0«4 
 
 .53,813 
 
 150,160 
 
 14.5,466 
 
 Nil 
 
 66,9)t4 
 
 t («,1.34 
 
 I78,4;k5 
 
 lH!t,.589 
 
 Nil 
 
 .-)8,3'.I8 
 
 78,967 
 
 136,779 
 
 176,450 
 
 Nil 
 
 80,950 
 
 ; 90,740 
 
 192.218 
 
 287,.587 
 
 Nil 
 
 t;,3,<tsi 
 
 72.961 
 
 193.949 
 
 200.928 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total Naliif. 
 
 128,393 
 181,244 
 181,243 
 209,316 
 20ti,:«»7 
 174,949 
 210,8^54 
 211,413 
 24.1,618 
 295,527 
 3<>4,89!t 
 372,950 
 256,:{45 
 210,.510 
 1!'9,5(I4 
 178,838 
 19,5,ti94 
 1.50,117 
 167,12!t 
 210,067 
 215,652 
 208,992 
 303,126 
 319,976 
 416,454 
 398,443 
 500,1.52 
 450,594 
 051,525 
 .531,822 
 
M 
 
 ORANITB. 
 Oranito i, p.-.Hlu.ed largely t.r buil.li„«, ,„„num..nt»l, .„.| ,,avin« ,.urpoH« 
 
 although Ontar... an.l N.w Bru„Hwic(c are ,.No i,n,,,.,taMl pnK|......r«, 
 
 Ihe total viiluo ot the piodui-tiori in 190!) was Hi'-.i H->i a ■ , 
 
 l>ro(luction ii lOllN t *•.«•» ion . . '!f4'>4,H.'4, as ronipaied with as 
 
 production II, 11)08 „f mJ »•.',, J 20, and in l!)07 ..f ^|<J| 71-. 
 
 MtatiHtics of the production hy provi„..eH. showing the purpose for which th.- 
 Jtj^^^., a„.Uh.. annual „.., , I.ti.. .L ..kZ: '.::::t t 
 
 Value of Oranite Production by Provinces, 1909. 
 
 .Mi>iiiiiiiiiit.il 
 
 I'lirli, 
 
 IliiiWiiiK. I.I- ,, •■ 
 
 ; lOrimniental. ' "*'"»• 
 
 K II III)!.' 
 
 <'lu-li,-rl. Ti.lal. 
 
 Xttvii Sctilitt. 
 NVu ilriiiiHuii'k 
 
 'iiicls'C 
 
 Ontario 
 
 MniiitiilNi 
 
 BritiKli Coliiiiibia 
 
 Total 
 
 Ciilcmlar \iai 
 
 46X 
 l:«).«34 
 
 l«,t)(Ml 
 
 I»9,J-0 
 
 -'..■i2H 
 
 7,o;t,s 
 S,7U0 
 
 7:t,i!ll 
 
 "li.Iti? 
 
 ll.fMIO 
 10(1, iNW 
 
 62,510 
 
 t«,2or> 
 
 •-',4»i 
 
 .1,600 
 
 ;i,:140 
 
 44,3110 
 
 Annual Production of Oranite. 
 
 \iiiii,-. 
 
 ' 'ileiidiir Vctir. 
 
 ."..s;« 
 ll,:.4l 
 
 2."i7,OWi 
 42.700 
 
 .•^,;l4,^ 
 
 134,31(1 
 
 ■'1,575 4.">4,'*24 
 
 \'h1ui. 
 
 18«i.. . 
 
 1H87., . 
 
 1««H., 
 
 1889., 
 
 1H!»0.... 
 
 18!)1.. . . 
 
 18i)2.. 
 
 1803.. 
 
 1894.... 
 
 18!IS.. . 
 
 im>.. . 
 
 1897.. . . 
 
 li,Uti: 
 21,217 
 21,.T)2 
 10,197 
 13,307 
 13,037 
 24,302 
 22,521 
 "'i,332 
 
 1. ?--w 
 
 18,. 17 
 19,W5 
 
 <i:f,3<i!i 
 
 142,500 
 
 147,305 
 7'>,tl24 
 (»,!»85 
 70,0fl(i 
 .S9,32(i 
 94.393 
 
 109,930 
 84,838 i 
 
 100,709 i 
 fil,9,<}4 
 
 IHltS. 
 1S99. 
 I'.HXI. 
 liHil. 
 11KI2. 
 1!H« . 
 11HI4. 
 190,'i. 
 190»i. 
 1907. 
 1908. 
 190!t. 
 
 2;t.s!i7 
 
 l.'<.418 
 
 i.M.sc 
 
 81.07;i 
 !«i..">42 
 M 1.000 
 l."i5.iKm 
 21II.IIIII 
 2(KI.|||I0 
 1.">II.(|(X» 
 22(i,3<)5 
 27S,419 
 l!t4,712 
 282.320 
 454.824 
 
 LIMESTONE. 
 
 Xo lecoi^d has been obtained of the stone u.«ed for burning f..r lime or for luak- 
 
 mg cement, the value of these manufaetu.-ed prcxlucts being separateT- ub ,! ed 
 
 With he,se exceptions then, the total production of limestone in Calrin 1 909 
 
 was valued at .^1,39,691, of which, stone to the value of .«7G1,821 wa 1 t' 
 
45 
 
 l)uilil'n^ an<i ornaiiieiital purpOi«N. Tliu value of rrujiiad ittone itolii waii 
 |»iO!>,;U9 ;ourt)Htone nnd pnvinK ntunn, *ir>4,490 ; rubble, 4210,41'*. For use tw « 
 furnaie flux then; was hiM 84'.',-.'.'I-.' tonn vitlueil at 9(0:<,t>i:i. 
 
 - There ii no separiitf rtrorrl of the priKluotinii of liinpitone in 1S»0n or prp 
 viou* yearn. 
 
 Value of Limestone Production by Provinces, 1909. 
 
 Vnn ine*'. 
 
 liiiililitiK 
 Hiiil Oni' 
 .init^ntal. 
 
 9 
 
 2,«af> 
 
 luU,33H 
 
 7»»,H2:« 
 
 224,tlO.-) 
 
 C*i'iif>)i*><). 
 • 
 
 2r.7.is.'. 
 
 21t7, M 
 M.67:< 
 
 iilicl 
 I'aviiitr, 
 
 r-i,2:>!t 
 
 IHt) 
 
 t;2 
 
 l,H4<tll 
 
 '.H,-m 
 
 tXi.HHTi 
 4t»,312 
 
 h'lirnmi 
 
 Kliix. 
 
 « 
 
 I.V.I, M'.tT 
 
 10,2.50 
 
 rjo,20M 
 
 T..t«l. 
 
 NVw HniuNWJck. . . 
 
 l)lU'l»tH' 
 
 (mtario 
 
 :ii!i,7ft:> 
 2iv'i66 
 
 427.422 i 
 
 ! 
 
 * 
 
 l*il,!rj2 
 .«> 
 !»72,25H 
 «;Kl,ti74 
 32H,.564 
 
 Hritixh C'liliiiiiliiii 
 
 74,M6 1 
 842.232 
 
 37,26H 
 
 37,25H 
 
 T..U1 
 
 7tll.K21 
 
 21»,41« 
 
 403,<'>13 
 
 2,l;«»,«!U 
 
 .Vot-a Si-olia. — The value of the limestone quarried in thin Province in 1909 
 wa.s returned a.s S161,92l', of which the greater part was quarried at Marble 
 Mountain and Point Eldward, C. H., iiiid used in the bla.st t'urnaces and cteel 
 plants of the Province. 
 
 (Quebec. — The value of the limestone produced in 11)09 was .'!i97".*,l'5.'{, of 
 which alraut 80 per cent was quarried on the Island of Montreal. There is also 
 an important production in Portneuf county and in the City of Hull in Ottawa 
 county; smaller .jperations being carritj on in the counties of Vercheres, St. 
 .lolms, and Terrebonne. 
 
 About 46'9 per cent of the production was returneil as for building purposes, 
 etc.; 15-8 per cent for curbstone and paving ; 9-7 per cent for rubble stone : and 
 26'5 per cent for crushed stone, and a small ({Uantity used as furnace flux. 
 
 0/i^«rt((. — The production of liinext<jne in Ontario, according to returns 
 received, was valued at !?G39,ti74.' This figure is, however, an underestimate, 
 owing to the non-receipt of return-^ fi'om a number of known producers. Crushed 
 stone was valued at 8297,;")89 ; lubble at .S6t'),H8."> ; building and ornamental 
 stone, .*78,823. There was also produced 427,422 Urns of stone valued at 
 !S19fi,208, and sold for furnace flux. 
 
 The largest operated <|uarries are found in the counties lying about the 
 western end of Lake Ontario, including Halton, Wentworlh, Lincoln, Welland, 
 and Haldimand. 
 
 Manitoba. — Limestone quarries are operated in the vicinity of Tyndall, thirty 
 miles northeast of Winnipeg, and at Sttjny Mountain, Stonewall, Rockspur, and 
 
 Wi!H,<>74, tlip iiicreaw being cnished stone ami rubble. 
 
4i'> 
 
 «i.n,.m o„ tl„. CHua-liun Pn.i.lc r,.ilw,u, T..ul..„ l.r.n. h, fron. Uv-Ivo ... iw..„,v 
 nv. unit's north c.t \Virini|M'K. i."' "t y 
 
 Mux t..r the liail Jtmelter. ' ' ^ 
 
 MA KB LB. 
 Tl... v,ilu.. of th.. ...ari.l.. ,.,■., in, ,i,.., i„ Um h-s l..eM .r.„,,,e.J ns ^|:„M(I 
 
 "f th., t.,„.ho,l .tun,. pn..lu 1 w.s ..,i„.,.,..,| „, ,.o, I.H. th-u. A| .,..-, 00,.. Ma, 1.1.. 
 
 MU,,rn... w.ro op..r«t...l ut l.h,!i,sl.u.«. (^u..; at T.aU.-U, l„ f,an uk -ountv. .n.i 
 
 ... I u..«oror,l towns .p. Hasting. ....un.y, Ontano : a,.,| „■ r,anl,.. J.;.,! „f 
 
 kooton.iy hiko, British Cohiniltia. 
 
 . .'''"'■ 7''"; "*■ ''"' '^"-•'«"-' proUuclion w,is ?*l:iu,()00 : Ontari.. .<UU.an.l 
 l«..t|sh CoIu„.h.a ..,..-,000. NV.th the ..xc.ption of a snull ,,ua,aitv „:.,1 a, 
 unshod M.arblo. the .ntir.- .-u.put was ,.„.,.l,.y,.,| for l,uildi„«. on.a,n;ntaI. ,.n.l 
 d..corat.ve pu.-posos. Th.-r.. hus ..on only a .spasn.olic product i.n of n.arhie in 
 
 re^rtir •'"'"''' "" *'"'"" ''"' '" '■"'" """' "'" "" P^'"'"'-'i"" ^Ix't'-ver 
 
 Annu:il Production of Morb'e. 
 
 ■ *•'""• < .tl.ii.1,.1 'S -ar. T.ms. V»lii... 
 
 If 
 
 }!!?7 »•» I '.'.^H).. IN!.;... .,., Z".,^, 
 
 2S! aw .i.2-.M 18!M. . vf -VT 
 
 _;««' m I i:^ ,im::::. ::.::.•.:: ;:;•• \-^;^^; 
 
 The „UMt Huccessful operations l,eing carrie.l on at pre.sent are at theouar.ies 
 at P ..l.psburfes Quebec, operated by the Missisquoi Marble Company, Ltd., of 
 lllT f*;''1"^"-'->"^P-f«Jwith channeling machinery, stea.n drills, H„d 
 derr ek.s ; win e the m.ll and finishing shop.s contain ,ang saw.s, planer, lathe, 
 pol..J..ng machinery, pneumatic tools, etc-. The n.arble is in considerable demand 
 Ma decorative Btone. and finds a n,arket throughout Canada, fmn. Prince fiklwar.! 
 Island to Vancouver, and is also exported to the United .States. Du.ing 1909 
 the Company installed additional e.,uipment with the expectation of being able 
 to double their output. 
 
 In Ontario the operations were practically in the initial stages of development 
 and the output consequently small. ' 
 
17 
 
 The ■*«iii<t WII-. trill! til«o, ti> a liifx<' fxi^nt, wiili tlir llriiiiili C)luii)l)liif)uarri<'H, 
 tin' |inM|tii-ti<iii Ix'iti'^ iiiffi'ly iiii'i<l>'i)tiil to tlm il«vi'|ic>iin'nt 
 
 
 8AND8TONI;. 
 
 Tim total viilut) of Miiit<Utiint> |iriH|ucmi in Ciiiiiulii in Iimi'j was ''.'ITl.l*'.) , ni 
 whifli »l«jrie to tlit> Miluc of J*l<}f*,"i|'l, «r ("I'l p^r ri-iit, wiih i|iiarri<'(i in IttitiHli 
 Coluniliia. Tin- prmiuLtiim in AlU'itii wiit valiicrl at H'.t(),'t,s:l, ,„■ Jl I |it'i' ifiit 
 of tlio total. Oiitiirio was cn-<litf<l with ••'OJ.M'.M, ami the .Mafiiiiiic Pioviiic«'« 
 witli $i">J,459. Thf |iro(iucfion »ai rliidly iiswl for ImiMinif jiurpos**-*, t|i»> «.tono 
 U'liig alxo usi'd for paving pui|)o«c.s anil rui.bli'. Tlicrr is no coinplctf record <if 
 thi- nandstono pro<lu<-tion throiijjhout ('anadn in previous years. 
 
 Vulue of Sandstone Production by Provinces, 1909. 
 
 I'll mm I 
 
 Nova .**oiti,i 
 New KniiiHWick . 
 
 ( hitnri 1 
 
 .MUTtu ' 
 
 Hriti"li ''iiluinliia j 
 
 Toti.1 ! :rj«.2i»i 
 
 jtiillilin;! 
 
 uimI 1 IriiiL 
 
 iii'-nttkl. 
 
 ('rii«litil. riivmir. 
 
 H 
 
 ilil.l-. 
 
 •lotill. 
 
 i:),(i.">ii 
 .S|,4.V> 
 
 nw.xw 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 i,f-':i 
 
 lL'.!">3 
 I7.'> 
 
 •1-.',S24 
 
 '.io,:w:i 
 i(iH,6i;i 
 
 :i-Mi 
 
 i:,:74 
 
 :;i;,h:«i 37-i,l7U 
 
 Th»> Maritime Provinoas have in past yi'ara hwii laine pivMluccrs of sand- 
 stone or freestone, lari^e «iuantitios lx'in>; nt oni- time f.\j«iited to tlin Unit' d 
 .Stat<'s. At the present time the principal quarries are situated at Wallace, Sack- 
 ville, Renous Bridge, etc. 
 
 The Ontario proiluction was derived fn>ni (jeorg.;town, Hal ton county, and 
 N<*t)ean township, CarUton county. 
 
 Vlberta, sandstone is <|uarrieii at Glenixjw, eighteen miles west of Cal- 
 gary : Brickburn, five miles west of Caljjary ; and at Novar, about sixteen miles 
 northeast of McLco<l. 
 
 Sandstone was quarried in British Columbia on Saturna, Haddington, and 
 Uabriola islands.