IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
%
/.
// .^^ ij.^- M
1.0
I.I
1.25
•X 140
lu ■■■■
1.4
25
2.2
1=
1.6
"W
Photo^phic
Scmces
Corporation
S:
iC*
l\
4^
■S
\
^s.
^
^^ >.>.
<1>
<^
23 wiST Main street
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 871-4503
^^
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical IViicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy availabitt for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.
L'Institut a microfilm^ le ;iieilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a et6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet oxurnplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la m^thode normale de filmage
3ont indiqu<is ci-dessous.
D
D
Coloured covers/
Couverture de coulaur
j I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommag^e
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculde
r~~1 Cover title msssing/
Le titre da couverture manque
□ Coloured pages/
Pages de cuuleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommag^es
□ Pages restored and/or lat-ninated/
Pages restaurdes at/ou pelliculdes
(—"phages discoloured, stained or foxed/
li^ Pages dicolor^es, tacheties ou piquees
□ Coloured maps/
Cartes g^ographiques en couleur
□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
r~~| Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
D
D
D
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/
Rel?A avac d'autres documents
Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La re liure serrde peut causer da I'ombre ou de la
distorsion la long da la marge intirieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout«^'98
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la tsxta,
mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, uos page? n'ont
pas iti film^es.
□Pages detached/
Pages d^tachees
r~~L«^howthrough/
U^ Transparence
r~n Qualify of print varies/
n
Quality inigale de {'impression
Includes supplementary materit
Comprend du materiel supplementaire
Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible
r~~j Includes supplementary material/
nn Only edition available/
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partieilement
obscurcies par un feuillet o nrrata, une pelure,
etc., cnt it6 film^es d nouveau de facon ^
obtenir la meilleure image possible.
D
Additional cor.tments:/
Commentaires supplimentaires;
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est film^ au tJ>ux de reduction indiqui ci-dassous.
10X 14X 18X 22X
12X
1«X
20X
26X
30X
y
24X
28X
32X
The copy filmod here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:
Metropolitan Toronto Library
Canadian History Department
L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grice A la
gtindrositi de:
Metropolitan Toronto Library
Canadian History Department
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy end in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Origir:al copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
Thi> last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning END"),
whichever applies.
Les images suivantes ont 6tA reproduites av^c ie
plus grand soin, compte teru de la condition et
de la netteti de l'exemplaire fiimA. et en
conformity avec les conditionit du contr&t de
filmage.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimis sont film6s en commenpant
par ie premier plat et en tsrminant soit par la
derniirtt page qui comports una empreinto
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par Ie sscond
plat, salon Ie cas. Tous les autres exempla.res
originaux sont filmis en con*men9ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une tel2e
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur 9a
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie
cas: Ie symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ', Ie
symbole V signifie "FIN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent ^tre
filmis d des taux de reduction diffdrents.
Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour 6tre
reproduit en v<n seul clichd, 11 est filmi A partir
de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagranimes suivants
illustrent la mitnode.
1
2
3
1
2
3
jk
A
V
«#■
%Jf
^'^'S-\VO
It «
'v.--/.-a.:v'y4^ \2^i
<X( 27 )
,'5Yin loiT
III.— itccoun/ ^/Ae DemoUtion of the Glacibre Bastion at Quebec,
in 1828.
Ik order to proceed with the new works, according to the plan laid down fur
the formation of a Citadel at Quebec, it b' ( ame necessary to remove a portion of
the old French works, called the Glaci^re Bastion, to give place to a new coun-
terguafd, intended to cover the escarp of Loth faces of Dalhousie Bastion, from
llie liigh ground on the Plains of Abraham,
The 5th company of lloyal Sappers and Miners having been out of England
between four and five years, and the arduous duties of the corps in Canada
aflbrdini* them little or no time for instruction in their field duties, it was
considered that the demolition of this work, by a systera of mines, would not
only art'ord tnost useful instruction to the company, but would probably be the
most economical and cflectual method of shaking down its escarp.
The commanding engineer having given his permission, and obtained the
sanction of the commander of the forces, the company commenced driving the
galleries Nos, 1, S, and 3 by day-work, and continued them till they had formed
junctions with each other: and, with the exceptions of meeting ivjth rock or
masonry, each squad generally averaged about eight feet a day. The nature of
the soil was clayey, occasionally mixed with fragments of rock; made ground, but
having acquired, from the length of time it had lain together, a considerable
tiegrec of compactness.
The galleries being completed, the company was told off in three brigades,
consisting of one Serjeant, three corporals, and nine privates, with orders to
relieve rach other every six hours ; and the remainder of the company off duty
were f'mptoyed m making the coffers, hose, and casing-tubes ; and occasionally
relieved such men as felt oppressed by too long confinement under-ground.
On iVIonday, the llthof February, the branches and chambers were com-
menced, at the points ,r, if, and z, leaving each squad nearly an equal portion of
labour j and, as soon as the coffers were properly fixed and filled, and the train
laid, each squad commenced a fresh branch, and the excavation was employed in
tamping the one just completed. (Sec Piatt.)
e2
I
SSsBSHSS""
2S
EXPLOSION or MINES AT HVtBZC,
Hy this arrangement, the i^hole of the branches nnd chambers, measuring
about 370 feet in length, were excavated, the powder placed in the chamber, the
train laid, and the whole tamped up, and ready for explosioo, on the Monday
following. A coffer 13 Inches cube, containing 70 lbs. of powder, was placed
its own depth iti each counterfort, at its junction with the scarp; and another of
12 inches cube, containing 50 lbs., was placed its own depth in the back of the
scarp, cfjuidistant from those in the adjacent counterforts.
The line of least resistance, opposite the 70 lbs., was nearly 9 feet, and
opposite the 50\bs,.f nearly 8 feet, and the average height of the scarp wa3 from
ai to<2.5 feet.
It is not thought necessary to enter into the detail of the dimensions of the
galleries, branches, &c. as the system pursued was strictly conformable to the
instructions received from Chatham.
On Tuesday, the J9th of February, the Earl of Dalhousie, Governor General,
and Commander of the Forces in bis Majesty's North American Provinces, ac-
companied by his staff, and a great number nf others, both civil and military,
attended to witness the explosion.
The galleries being in several parts very wet, and fearing from the length of
time it retiuired to prepare the mines, that the powder in the hose might get
damp, it was determined to fire the m* ^s at the three points, 1, 2, and 3, and
thereby produce a more simultaneouj explosion: but the sapper stationed at
No. 3, having taken the signal from the bugle where his Lordship and the
spectators were stationed, instead of waiting for the repeating bugle on the spot,
the who) J of the mines, 20 in number, were exploded from that point.
The effect produced far surpassed the most sanguine expectations of the
oflicers em|:)loyed upon this service.
The explosion not only crumbled the escarp to pieces, without projecting a
stone 50 feet from its original position, but brought down the whole of the
parapet, together with its interior revetement; forming throughout the whole line
a most practicable breach.
The only parts which descended in masses were the exterior revetement of the
parapet, and the earth between that and the interior revetement, showing the
enormous power of the intense cold in Canada, which strikes nearly four (eet
into the ground.
The escarp was of rubble masonry, and in an excellent state of preservation.
/'6aM. ^ ,W/ii0Pbs W U^s fH,Aci^J^ S«4lt^>n «/ f'^i^^Arr
»/(■<' AA t/\/i( /^irAA/te/vutf^ tif /Yu^/f^^r/ 'i^f'^- ^^"- ^'^/^^■'"'^^'-
irHM>iiiilf¥1iliiiii«i
■.i* ».:*
I
r''if!liiiiiiitiiiiil%iilm
m.^->
« ^ '%iw
"Kxt'f.nsloN OF MISF;« AT Qr'F.BEC
29
Hemarki deductdfrom ike foregoing Praclice,
1st As the mines were exploded from one point, instead of three as intended
and as the intetval of time between the first aad last explosion, in a distance of at
hast £20 feet, did certainly not exceed three seconds, it is prssumed that a
simultaneous explosion of mines (requiring great length of hose, much time to
adjust, and great additional labour), can seldom or never be required, and if
resorted to, that the effect would not be materially increased.
Sndly. From the immense masses in which the earthen parapet descended
without being shaken, it is almost evident that, in a cold climate, during the
winter season, rock may l)e excavated with greater facility than earth, when both
are equally exposed to tlie ei!'ects of frost.
3rdly. That the distance to which a gallery may be driven without the aid of
bellows, depends entirely upon the state and temperature of the atmosphere. In
the present instance. No. 1 was driven at least 140 feel, and the lights burnt
tolerably well, though eight men were frequently employed in it.
CAPTAIN MELHUISH,
Roy«!l Enginecri.
.■,^«tSP|».#