IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) m. ^ /a %y :* 1.0 11.25 |50 ""^■' ^ 1^ 2.5 2.2 18 U 1 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 . rntA V»v roil onA tA\ «« *u-> 4.:_,_ t m j ■"" --»•- ~j .^.., «ta^t yi.i'f CIO viic biuiu uy rail and water to St. John is the same as by water, the further attempt to make Halifax the port of call will continue to force the carrying trade of the Dominion, as heretofore, 8 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. to foreign Atlantic ports, and will thereby jeopardize Confcideration. 11. This plan of St. John will appear to besf advantage under a magnifying glass. The water seen at the top is a portion of the Kennebccasis, a tributary of St. John Kiver ; that on the right is a i^art of Courtenay Bay ; the water below the bridges is the harbor proper. 12. Since June last the writer has been corresponding with a Mr. Bonnell, of London, England, relative to the shipment of box shooks, handles and other small lumber. Mr. B., after receiving tenders from St. John for over one-third of a million of small box shooks, representing $2,500 for lumber, at deal prices, and $12,500 for labor, m a recent letter says he is doing business with some of the largest houses in the world that have been get- tnig their box shooks from Sweden, and that they will be only too pleased to have their orders filled in St. John. And he adds, that there are fair prospects of all the CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. g small mills in and around St. John being employed in this line. Here is evidence that, with proper attention, a large portion of the lumber trade of the Maritime Prov- inces, and also of the Valley of the St. Lawrence, with an outlet through St. John, for nearly seven months in the year, can be made to yield vastly more than ever before. 13. A day or two saved in the delivery of mails, iii connection with this small lumber trade, is unimportant; but numerous steamship lines to Europe areindispensible, as thi« kind of lumber must go in small and frequent shipments. The agent of the Furness Line cannot at present quote rates from St. John to London beyond June next, but thinks that Mr. B.'s L .iber can go via Boston or Halifax, at an advanced rate of $2 a ton. Such an increase of freight may be fatal to this trade. The Fur- ness Line, says the Press, will carry grain from St. John to London at 8s. 2d. per ton. 14. The fast Atlantic service and the proposed French line to Halifax should be dispensed with, under any circumstances, for five years, and, when started, New Brunswick and the West must insist, upon purely com- mercial principles, that they shall come to Canada's furthest suitable inland Atlantic port. 15. Because, as stated above, ocean freights are but one-tenth the rate of those by rail, the Government has at a cost of some $5,000,000, deepened the St. Lawrence to Montreal, and yet, at tlie instigation of the said trio and their aforesaid corporal's guard, this sound policy is, on the Atlantic seaboard; reversed, and traffic is forced to Halifax, the equivalent of 400 miles by rail, or equal to the^entire cost of water carriage from St. John to Eng- land, to artificially build up a port which, as experience shows, cannot successfully compete with foreign Atlantic ports. 16. Rejiorters were no^ ^Uo\ye4 to be present ^t t,\\^ 10 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. WM. HILLMAN, Silver, Gold and N ickel Plater All kliKls of Old Silverware Repaired. Tablc- wart! replated at half the expense of what new (.an be purchased for. All work war. ranted, and prices as low as work can be done satisfactorily. Orders from the Country promptly attended to, OARRIAQE & SLEIQH IRONS OF ALL KINDS PLATED IN COLD AND SILVER. 87 Germain Street, St. John, N. B. T. PARTELOW MOTT, Manufacturer Woollen Goods, . . . and ... DEALER IN WOOL, 165 Ilnion Street, »t. John, N. B. 59 Queen Street, St. John, N. B. SIGNS of all kinds. Agent for Ceasar Bros. Enamellwl Letters, * Palms' Transfer Letters, etc., for R'y and Streetcars Wagons, etc. Gold Medal award- ed at World s Fair. PAINTERS' SUPPLIES. WRITING MACHINE AGENCY, N EWand SKond-hand Typewritcrs, at all prices and on best terms. ; IRA CORNWALL, ^^^d of Trade Build. ' iug, St. John, N. B. General Agent for Maritime Provinces for thelfAQT Writing Machine Co., of New York, inanu- I Ud I facturers of the Typewriter v ichout ribbon, shift key or double Cn.v,„ r.r.r, n.^..^ . i^^-i^^*'; and The American Typewriter Co., of New York, &END FOR Catalogue.s. manufacturers of the Great Eight Dollar Typewriter. BOSTON MARINE Capital Paid in, - One Million Hollars. Capital *^^ Net Surplus, Over Two Million Dollars. Insurance Fixed, Policies and Sterling Certificates Issued, by VROOM & ARNOLD, AGENTS, ST. JOHN, N, B, CANADIAN I'ROBABlLmES; 11 Boston merchants' dinner of over a year ago; Governor Russell's address to the Legislature, and the press articles which immediately followed that dinner, however, clearly indicated that the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, through their president, \^ho was present, gave that gathering distinctly to understand that it was their intention to carry most of the trade of the Dominion JNorthwest to and from Boston and the construction of a monster grain elevator by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company at that port, intensifies this conviction. A reporter of a local paper was told by an oflScial of the Canadian Pacific Railway, more than a year ago, that his company could not bring Ottawa lumber to St. John for export, because the mileage was less to Portland and Boston. This greater mileage will apply as to the non- carriage of grain and other traffic, to any great extent, to and from St. John, by this road unless it be met by the herein proposed increased terminal facilities, and by low charges therefor, and by the establishment of fast freiaht steamship lines, of large capacity, direct to England. 17. The latest Canadian Pacific Railway map shows a line, nearly completed, from Winnipeg to Duluth, and thence, in United States territory, along the south shore of Lake Superior to its foot; and Co. has just completed another line from west of Manitoba to St. Paul, and thence inland south of Lake Superior, also to its foot. At St. Paul the Canadian Pacific Railway connects with several railway lines that run to Chicago. This map turther shows a projected line from Sudlmry along the shore of Georgian Bay and around the westeily end of Lake Ontario to Niagara Falls, where it will connect with a number of roads running to New ^ork city. From the first this road has had its principal connections with Bos- ton ; all these connections with foreign ports and centres, show that unless something be done speedily, to rectify 12 , CANaWAI^ tftOBABILITlES. the grievous mistakes made, the principal bond of Con- federation, i. e., the carrying trade of the dominion, will soon be hopelessly diverted. These disadvantages are aggravated by the fact that every ton of Canadian traffic that goes through the referred to foreign ports, helps to increase and support the number of fast Atlantic steamships that, under a recent arrangement, will, at an hour's notice, be drafted into the navy of the neighboring republic, and, peradventure, may some day be used, in conjunction with the purblind policy of Canada's rulers respecting the all-important subjects of the carrying trade, Atlantic ports and Atlantic steam- ship lines, to the serious disadvantage of the Dominion. With all these drawbacks, the bonds of the Dominion union are not ^hat they should be, or what they may easily be made. 18. most toria, The British Pacitic Kailway, starting under the favorable auspices, will run from the city of Vic- say 650 miles eastward to Yellow Head Pass, on CANADIAN PROBAIilLlTlkS. n the easterly boundary of British Columbia. This road is controlled by Chicago capitalists, and unless timelv legis- lation be had, its traffic, like that of the Canadian Pacific Railway, will go raainly to and from foreign ports. A prairie section of about 600 miles would connect the British Pacific with the bankrupt Manitoba and North- western Railway that runs 330 miles to Winnipeg. Another line from Winnipeg— 430 miles— to Port Arthur, has been chartered and to some extent subsidized. Chicago capitalists are also interested in this road, and its traffic, like that of the British Pacific, and the intervening sec- tions are in danger of centering in foreign ports. 19. From Port Arthur to the Grand Trunk Railway at Lake Nepissing is about 600 miles. This section and the other two sections necessary to connect with the British Pacific, and all the other lines and works herein referred to, can be constructed without their, in the end, costing the Government one dollar: but they, on the contrary, will return to the Dominion, indirectly, two or three dollars for eveiy dollar of aid received. 20. The diversion of Canadian trade, by the Canadian Pacific Railway to foreign ports, can be to a large extent counteracted by getting the Northern Pacific Railway or the Great Northern Railway (also a Pacific road) to connect with the St. Lawrence Valley via Port Arthur and Lake Nepissing, and, eventually, running direct to Montreal and Quebec city. 21. Twenty-seven years of Confederation have nearly passed, and, although the Government has spent many millions on the Intercolonial Railway, and propose to spend many millions more on the comparatively useless fast Atlantic and French lines, and have endowed onr transcontinental railway as no other like work has been endowed, and yet all this, as shown above, is to but little purpose as regards the rapid development of the 14 James S. May. w. Robert May James S. May & Son, MERCHANT TAILORS, 88 Prince Wm. St., St. John, N. B. P. O. Box 223. , cAl^AbiAN PROBABILttlEii . i^* Stock always complete for Fine Tailoring Trade. W.F.&J.W.IIIYERS, Manufacturers of 'To'ro ELEVATORS And Hoists of all kinds. Vessels' Pumps, Steering Gears, ai)d General Machinery. 36 to 40 Waterloo St., St. John, N. B. JOHN H McROBBIg, Wholesale and Retail BOOTS, SHOES and BUBBEBS, English Uppers, Shoe Findings and Leather. 94 King Street, St. John, y. B. JOHN S. DUNN, TAILOR, Cleaning, Repairing, Pressing and Altering a Specialty. 9 Oanterbary Street, St. John. N. B. Near King. C. E. L JARVIS, GENERAL AND FIRE INSURANCE ADJUSTER. Agent for the Grand Trunk Railway. 74 Prince Wm. Street, ST. JOHN, N. B. The. . ^ toeniingtoD SIMPLE PRACTICAL. DURABLE. Easy to learn and to operate with ac- curacy. Typewriter Supplies of all kinds. James Jaek, « « saint John, fl. B. CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. BBIg, ail UBBEBS, ^iiidinga issiiig and ohn, N. S. VIS, ISTER. : Railway. KET, N, N. B. tOD 15 JLE. ac- i with inds. LB. natural resources of the Dominion and the binding of its several sections and interests together. 22. St. John has, with its recently constructed wharves and grain elevator, greatly improved terminal facilities ; yet, looking to the necessities for North Atlantic Cana- dian port accommodation of one-half of this continent and also of Asia and Europe, especially for seven months in the year, there should be no time lost in increasing the harbor facilities of St. John by carrying out the proposed Courtenay Bay Dock plan. This bay covers about 1,000 acres. 23. This plan can be economically carried out, as nature has done very much to aid the work. And the accommodation will be so extensive that the charges can be kept down to less than one-half those of competing foreign j)orts and thereby offset the greater mileage to St. John. MAIN <=.T. Military 1; 6.R0\7ND5 - °%z*- Freight 6R0^ '""" g'^!!" ■■"""■--^-^ 24. The proposed initial improvements on this bay "are an artificial be^ch or pea walj from Round Reef, 16 , CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. near the line of low water, with a cribwork on the inner side, capped with concrete, to the easterly shore of the bay. From the absence of destructive marine worms, this crib work will be injperishable. (b) A canal with two or more locks, from the harbor proper to the / /\aa^''^ ^ ^^''^^ ^'^^ ^°^^* ('^) ^ ^^^ a<^»'« wet basin. (e) 100 acres of made railway lands. (/) Coal, coke, ore Btone, lumber, wood and cattle yards, (g) 3i miles of deep water enclosed wharf frontage, (h) warehouses and freight and ice sheds, (i ) A long enclosed shore line for coarse and heavy manufacturing, (k) A roadway, over the sea wall to Simonds'. ( / ) A tram-conveyor for ice and other service, to Loch Lomond or the Kennebecasis. (m) A highway and lailway bridge at Navy Island, to be owned in paH by the city, the highway portion of which can be made free for foot passengers, without increasing the present burdens of the city, and the ferry can be abolished. 25. To ensure a paying traffic for these docks and other works, provision can be made at the outset, as a part of the plan, to aid the extensive development on, or in con- nection with, the docks, of (a) A large and permanent ice trade. The manufacturing or preparing of (6) small lumber ; (c) fire kindlings of various kinds ; (d) a variety of fertilizers, including farm plaster, crushed mussel rock lime and sulphuric acid, etc. (e) The pulverizing and purifying of iron ores, to admit of their being shipped to England and elsewhere ; (/) manganese ; (g) hydraulic hme and Portland cement; (h) fireclay, fire brick, drain pipes etc. ; (i) coal, coke, tar pilch, and (k) a variety of other industries. 26. In the spring of 1888 th^ plan of the proposed docks was submitted to the then Lngineer-in- Chief of the Dominion, and, on his recommendation, was sent to His Excellencjr the. then Governor General-in-Council. At ■ I' "" '* " : on the ly shore ) marine A canal !r to the it basin, oke, ore, miles of jses and ! line for ay, over " for ice ibecasis. land, to portion without le ferry id other part of in con- lent ice ) small variety i\ rock, ig and )ped to draulic , drain variety oposed of the bo His !. At CANADIAN PROBABtUTIES. -i »- T^LfT-/'™^ the Assistant Manage.^ of the Grand irunk Railway was interviewed, relative to the extension of their road to the Maritime Provinces, and he appeared to be much interested in information given as to the terminal facilities that could be had in St. John, especi- ally ot the overcoming, through a wet basin of the 25 feet tides and as to the obtaining of locomotive fuel at moder- ate raters, and an abundance of coal, coke, stone, fertilizers and other like return freights, in the vicinity of St. 9""^? S''^^^? ""^^ *° ^® ^^^ ^t Portland and Boston. ^t. -Ihe St. John Valley and Riviere du Loup Rail- way, Which IS to connect the Bay of Fundy with the St Lawrence in about 312 miles, is the shortest all Canadian route between these waters, is in part constructed, while most of the remainder of the line has subsidies from both the Local and Dominion Governments, either granted 01- promised, and there is a balance of the Short Line subsidy to the credit of the counties interested and of Nova Scotia and the West, that should be available for a branch road from near Upper Gagetown, on the St. John, to Moncton This railway and branch are a necessity for the development of the hereinafter referred to coal fields and the extensive development of this interest, is a necessi y to this railway and the proposed docks, and to the Valley of the St. Lawrence. 28. Both Ontario and Quebec may further supplement their supply of fuel by compressing, through the use of tar pitch, coal dust, peat, sawdust and pulverized refuse wood and bark of all kinds and other combustible sub- stances. ..29^ The improved process of purifying crushed iron ^..3 u,a^es 1. now possible for many, sections of Canada to export their ores largely to England and other iron centres at a profit. . ®.. "* "uu 18 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. 30 As regards thePrince Edward Island railway cross- ing; the pi-ocess by which sea walls and barrier beaches are lormed ; the recovery from the sea of a large portion of llolland ; the results that have followed the construction of the Mississippi and Cape May jetties, all go to show that before ten or twelve million dollars shall be given for a tunnel, the feasibility of establishing a /erry. between roadways, running out say two miles from the shores, should be carefully enquired into. Such a ferry, carrying railway trains is in successful operation at the Straits of Mackinaw. The saving to the Government of the sub- sidies now paid for the summer steamboat line, and the fetanley and ice boat services, will go far toward meeting tne cost ot the proposed roadways and ferry 31. A railway from Windsor via. Maitland and Truro to some point on the Oxford-New Glasgow road, is very much needed ; and the reopening of the Shubenacadie Canal from the Basm of Minas to the harbor of Halifax and Dartmouth would be of very great service to a large portion of Nova Scotia. This canal, by serving as a w-et basin, would mitigate the existing dangers of navigating the south-easterly head of the Bay of Fundy and would facilitate the development of n)any natural resources, now comparatively inaccessible. There are serious engineering difficulties to be encountered in the re-opemng of this canal, but they can, it is believed, be overcome at moderate cost, while the new industries that will be opened, and the stimulating of others will doubt- therXre*''* Government aid that will be requisite 32. The coal, coke, dock, manufacturing and minine interests nronnsfid fni. "NT^™ r^. :-i. __ i_°._ , ° i r- ^'^TT i^iuwawxuii., US iiave Dcon care- nil ^nn^n^^ ' 7'^* P""^ employment directly to not less than 10,000 hands, who m turn, as evidenced in the adjoin- ing Republic, will indirectly give work to twice that CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. v&y crosa- !aches are ►oition of istruction jhow that ven for a , between e shores, , carrying Straits of the sub- , and the meeting nd Truro I, is very tenacadie Halifax, rvice to ' serving ngers of ■ Fundy, natural lere are d in the eved, be ries that 11 doubt- 'equisite mining en care- not less 5 adjoin- Lce that 19 number. But taking the latter as only the same as the former, this would make 20,000 en)ployed, representing a population of 100,000, of a class that will contribute to the revenue of the Dominion yearly $10 a head, or the interest at 3J per cent, on 130,000,000 ; of which New Brunswick would, as head money, receive the interest at 4 per cent, on $2,000,000. 33. Out of the large iron, rail, steamship, oil and other mdustries that may be established in the Maritime Provinces, the St. I^wrence Valley, the Northwest and British Columbia, there naturally would spring up many kindred works, now but feebly, if at all, represented, which, with increased markets, and better prices for farm and other products will result in an increase of population, say within ten years, the period that may be stipulated for the completion of the railways and other works named, that will ensure to the Government the interest on $100,000,000. 34. The conflict in the United States between the questions of high and low tariffs that has so greatly un- settled the manufacturing and trade and commerce inter- ests there, to all appearance may continue for some years, in which case, Canadians will continue, as they are now doing, to return home from that country in great num- bers ; especially will this be the case if by prompt and far-seeing legislation the proposed works and industries are provided for. A healthful railway competition from the Northwest to both the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards of Canada is indispensible, and this alone will give a great impetus to immigration, with lessened government expen- diture, and this influx of population will diminish the required expenditure for militia and other services, which, with the saving under the head of immigration, may represent the interest on $10,000,000. 20 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. J. € J. D.HOWE, HM,vf/^ <'0UIRS OP FoPDitare. Warerootna : 96 Germain St., Masonic Bukhng. Factory: East end of Union Street. gT. JOHN, N. B. THORNE BROS. Manufacturers and Importers of HATS, , APS ^ FURS, Wiiolesale and Retail. «3 KING STREET. ■ SAINT JOHN. N. B. A. L. GOODWIN, Iiiip'' '■t<>r Olid WliolcHiUf Dcuh^r in Foreign Fruits ^Vegetables 6 and 6 Market Bulldlnjf, Germain Street, St. John, N. B. EDWARD MURPHY, Fine rarrlagc A Sleigh Ballder Hecoml-hand Ciirrlages ami H)«'l({hn alwayg on hand at low rates. Rei)alrliiK In nil Its brancheH executed with iieatnesB and dospatch. Orders Solicited. 115 to 129 Olty Roa d. St John, N. B. P. Campbelf^ Co. ' ' PLUMBERS, " - HEATIN G ENGINEER S, ETC. Furnaces for Woo d or Coal. Agency "Gumey" Hot Water Heat- ing Apparatus ; " Daisy," " Buffalo," "Starr'^ Boilers ;Combination Hot Air and Hi)t Water Furnaces. Rttiig(.». Ship's tabooges. &c. Estimates Furnlshfsd. 73 Prince Vy'm., and 16 Water Sts., St. John, N. B. WHIHAKER & CO., GENERAL Inslii^ance Agents. REPRESENTING— National Assurance Co. (Fire), of Ireland. British and Foreign M. Insurance Co., of London. Reliance Marine Insurance Co., of Liverpool North C^aensland Insurance Co.. of Australia. Universal M. lu ii" :e Co., of St John, New Brunswick., Offices; 129 imuZ WiLUATSTREET, ST. JOHN, N. B. i *( ■^■^■■^(^ WIN, t'uItT III etabies Qermain B. PHY, Bnllder iKhx always IK i" Mil its tiicHH and twi. ihn, N. B. fc Co. ETC. r Coal. Iter Heato ' Buffalo," n Hot Air gv.n, Ship's h<3d. ter Sts., J ^S. >a swick., I N, B. I i CANADIAN PRou/ niLITIES. 21 35. Tho estimated aRsistance required from the Domin- ion for the proposed railways, for harboi ^ on James' Bay, the Pacific, the Atlantic, and at Montreal, for tho Quebec tunnel, th(5 roadways and ferry to Prince Edward Ishind, and for th(! Shnbenacadie canal and wet basin, is put at .1^40,000,oO(), payable, to a large extent, as guaranteed intciost. The amount may be virtually reduced, at the outset, to say .f 14,000,000 by abandoning the fast Atlantic and French line services which would be mainly, as is the investment in the Intercolonial Railway, of sectional interest only ; while the works herein proposed will bo dominion wide in their bearing and beneficial effects. To encourage the construction of steel steamships, and indi- rectly the iron industry, .$1,000,000 might beset apart yearly for ten years. In no case should the Government commit itself to grants for the proposed work, until it is made to appear, beyond question, that not less than twice the amount of the grants given, will be indirectly returned to the Government. 36. The recent financial upheavals in the neighboring Republic ; in Australia ; in India ; in South America ; in England, and the almost bankrupt condition of nearly every European power, and the present stable financial position of Canada, make the present a most favorable time to appeal for the foreign capital required for the works and industries herein referred to. From the nature of the responses received by the writer from the representatives of capitalists on both sides of the Atlantic, and also from prominent railway companies, he has no doubt but that on the providing, by the Government, of the necessary legislation, and the granting of reasonable concessions, t.hfi VfinnirpH nrlrlifirknol nor^ifol w,*!! U-. :^ diately forth-coming. 37. Under confederation New Brunswick has been con- tinuously between tho u^er and nether mill stone, (a) ;t 22 CANADIAN PEOBABILITIES. At the outset she was deprived of her rights as to her having the natural principal Atlantic port of the Dominion. {h) Many of her shoe and other factories were closed by the competition of the larger establishments of Ontario and Quebec, (c) A large portion of her import trade was diverted to the more extensive houses of the provinces just mentioned, (d) The Intercolonial railway was located on notoriously unsound principles, inflicting a crnshina blow on the best settled portions of the province and involving a dead loss of nearly $5,000,000 from its non- paying character; and the indirect loss of havin- to sup- ply, ^at a cost of $4,000,000, railways in the v^alley of the K-5t John, and branches thereof, which would not have been the case, had the Government road been located in this valley as it should have been, (e) Prior to the union ^''.ET'^^^''^"''^ ^^^ Brunswick increased at the rate of 45,000 to 50,000 every decade ; of late there has been a decrease of population. St. John, the principal city and Atlantic port of this province, has lost 4,000 of its popu- lation—which is less than 45,000— in twenty years Tnn AHA "^ rl" P'^'P^'' treatment, it would have now been 1UU,0U0. (/) In consequence of this unjust treatment the Ifr. AAn^nn^^" "^^"^ Brunswick has decreased in value over J>dO 000,000, and there has been (g) at least a like loss on trade and commerce, (h) Through the wrongful discrimi- nations of the Intercolonial and Canadian Pacific railways New Brunswick receives no return for the $5,000 000 contributed by her toward the canals, now almost free and (t) she has contributed toward the $3,-333,000 given to the Quebec harbor (virtually a grant), and the $5,000,- 000 expended for deepening the St. Lawrence, in the interest of the harbor of Montreal, and toward the ^"•T "?*:^'^^ "^ Halifax, Quebec, Kingston and British Columbia, $1,000,000, for which she has had no equiva- lent— aloss of $74,000,000or nearly $3,000,000 yearly St i 3 as to her s Dominion. > closed by of Ontario b trade was 5 provinces vas located a crushing )vince and m its non- in;^ to sup- valley of d not have located in the union, t the rate e has been il city and f its popu- ity years, now been .tment the '^alue over ke loss on i discrimi- c railways 5,000,000 lost free, 300 given 3 15,000,- B, in the ward the i British 3 equiva- >arly. St. ^ Canadian PROBABiLiTiEs. a6 i ! John has been offered a Government harbor loan which was to be a Jlrst charge on the revenue: in the case of Quebec, their harbor loan was made a last charge on the income, which arrangement has in effect made this loan a grant. 38. The vicinity of Quebec city, is the greatest lumber '^' centre of the northeasterly half of this continent, and, with the St. John Valley Railway, properly constructed, fet. John will be the most advantageous port for shipping bt. Lawrence lumber to the Atlantic coast of the United States and to the West Indies, South America and Europe for nearly seven months in the year, and to some of the centres referred to, at all seasons. The Intercolonial Rail- way carries from 250 to 350 tons of freight per train. Ihe Pennsylvania Railway carries 3,000 tons of coal per tram and the St. John Valley Railway should carry 1,000 tons of coal, coke or lumber per train. 39. A railway crossing of the St. Lawrence at or near Quebec has long been agitated. The latest bridge planned for that point has the fatal defect of being too low by 70 feet to clear large shipping, and with this defect, it will cost $9,000,000 or $10,000,000, or double the cost of a tunnel. The tunnel will have the further advantage of giving to mechanics and laborers very much more employment during construction than will the bridge. 40. The St. John Valley and Riviere du Loup Rail- way and the Moncton branch, together with the Quebec tunnel and the Courtenay Bay docks, will form a fitting easterly terminus of Canada's second Atlantic and Pacific railroad, which, as a whole, must, unlike the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk Railways, be required .^ J ^^^"''^P*^ i-iy-niv; tu uiiu irom i^ominion ports; and if Canada is to develop an extensive iron industry this road must, to a large extent, be laid with home-made rails. I » I! 24 CANADIAN PROBABtLlTiES. 41. New Bruuswick ha^ a coal formation of 10,000 square miles, over which, in all directions, a 20-inch seam of coal, laying flat, and near the surface, crops out or has been opened. If but one acre in thirty of this area has workable coal the yield will be 1,000:000,000 tons or a supply of 5,000,000 tons yearly for 200 years it is Setolt'oTtrl'^^ this 'quantity is gre^ exc-ded^ Like most of the other natural resources of this Province tins invaluable coal bed has been shamefully neglected misunderstood and misrepresented. Notvv^thstandrng usual way for not exceeding $1.25 a ton ; and, with heavy machinery now available, it can be "stripped" over lari ai-eas at one-half the cost of mining the t'hik coal beds ff JNfovaScota. This surface coal has the further advan- til ^ 1^ ^^- ^^^^«"^«' that has no coal deposits, than are the most westerly coal fields of Nova Scotia. As this surface coal is exceedingly rich in tar, it has 20 per cent, more heating power than most all other coals : and It IS also superior for steam and forge use, and for Man? ^?^^,f ^^««^"g «"^ ^«r the production of t^r pitch. S7 / ^^' companies of the United States are making from every ton of coal carbonized by them $i 70 trom the tar and ammonia produced. By utilizing these by-products in part only, coke can be made out of this surface coal at a cost of not exceeding $1.25 a ton. hi' ^''^ ''"ri'^^^ P°""^« «f ^^^' l^a« the same heat ng power as 22 pounds of coke; oven- made coke! ton for ton, has all the heating power of anthracite coal ad this coal, for smelting and domestic and some othe^ ,....t. t^a. ut tai piccn per annum, which is used r^TJ?\ X ""^ '""i ^'^'^^- T^^ «" hereinafter referred to has the same heating power as tar. I J i of 10,000 '-inch seam out or has 3 area has tons, or a ^ars : it is exceeded. Province, neglected, }hstanding led in the v^ith heavy over large )al beds of er advan- learer the deposits, 7S. Scotia, it has 20 ler coals ; 3, and for tar pitch, states are em 11.70 ing these t of this )n. the same ide coke, cite coal, me other produces is used e presses reinafter CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. ftg 43. Five years ago a representative of Kew York capitalists, at the head of his profession, had under con- sideration the plans of the Courtenay Bay docks, and reported that, in his opinion, with reasonable concessions trom the city and the Government, moneyed men would readily takfe up therewith, and a similar report came trom London. The time, however, had not then come to commence work ; but no^v that it can be shown that these docks are a necessity to Canada and that these works and^ the St. John Valley and Riviere du Loup Kailway, in connection with the extensive development of the New Bi-ynswick coal fields, together with the other i^ioposed industries, will return to a company a fair interest on their investment, and to the Dominion and Local and Civic Governments, indirectly, many fold the amount of the concessions that may be made thereto, their construction cannot be longer delayed without seri- ous loss to Canada as a whole. 44. A wail of distress runs through the recent reports t;he Ontario Government, which in substance is about as lollows: "Our agricultural lands are limited to the small area between the lakes, and are fully occupied. As to husbandry, we can, with difficulty, in future hold our own. Our lumber is being rapidly exhausted, and we will soon lose the revenue derived therefrom. The greater part of our lands, although unfit for farming, are to a large extent rich in minerals, especially of iron and nickel, but we have no coal deposits, and are dependent on the distant coal fields of Nova Scotia and those of a foreign power, which, without notice, may at any time advance prices to prohibitory rates. To some extent we J c„|.,jst uui oitjo, uiii liu uuuiiiiy uiar exports its law material can prosper." 45. The Province of Quebec, as to its limited area of agricultural lands, the rapid exhaustion of its lumber, its 2^ Canadian PftdBABiLttiES. We May Divide Tliinkers Into Those Wlio Think For Themselves, and to those who allow others to think for them. Those Who Think For Theiiiselves^^M Get their Tailoring done at GILMOUR'S, 72 Germain Street, ST. JOHN, N. B. J. SIDNEY KAYE, Otiiieral Agent for New Brunswiek of the Kn V H I >"snrnKcc Company, «• y ■ AK i-,,,. Lur^est Kiro IiiHiira-.ce to. in the. world. Assets over 40,(XjO,(KiO(1o1s. Oftice : Jiirdhies BiiiUling, I'rlm.e Wni. Street, Ht. Jolm, N. B. A. J. LORDLY & SONr Miinnfai.'turers of Flrst-CIass FURNITURE, 93 AND 95 Ge rmain Street. Electric Bells. Electric Lighta. Large and Airy Rooms. J. M. FOWLER, Proprietor. J*^ o t ©1 ^1- ^^ ^" I^^Y. Stanley, ST. JOHN, N. B. In the business centre. One block from Opera House. Heated by hot water. THOS. A. TEMPLE, e>®MARINE,®v. LIFE INSURANCE ST. croiinsr. 3sr. B. FIRE Insurance Company of North America, Philadelphia. Merchants Insurance Company, Bangor, Me. Keystone Fire Insurance Company, of St. John. n i. S^^°^^ ^'^^^ Assurance Company, Quebec. t,entral Fire Insurance Company, of New Brunswick. United States Life Insurance Company, New York. AYE, iwick of the /'qui pa II y« ire Iiisiiriiiice 0,0.J0,(HK)(lol8, 'rliu.e Will. B. Class SON, lass J RE, rREET. trie Lights. Ills. prietor. rERMB : A Day. ^. N. B. block from tiot water. ICE >hia. n. vick. otk. CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. £7 haying abundant supplies of iron and other ores, and its lack of coal deposits, is in the same condition as Ontario. 46 In the valleys of the Athabasca and Mackenzie, Canada has probably the largest oil field in the world : It has not yet been tested by boring, to any extent, but an immense bed of asphalt and numerous tar springs, and the saturation of lofty sandstone cliffs with oil, go to show that exhaustless supplies of petroleum will be found there, which, by water and rail and pipe lines, can be brought to Ontario and Quebec for fuel and other purposes. It also can be sent via Hudson Bay to Europe and through British Columbia to Japan and China, etc! Shanghai is 22,000 miles from New York, an oil centre, by water, while it is only 4,000 miles from British Colum- bia. Millions of capital can be profitably employed in the development of this oil field, and this capital can be readily obtained in connection with the construction of the proposed railways, etc. 47. Both England and the United States obtained their position as the greatest iron producing countries throu<»h excessive protection. The last mentioned country required some of their foremost railway companies to lay their roads with home made rails. Canada, therefore, cannot expect, whatever party be in power, to do any- thing of importance in these lines, without a duty on steel rails of say $8 a ton, which, with the present bounty on pig iron, should run for ten years. The recent reports of the Ontario Government* apparently favors protection, in this industry, to the extent named. A sub- stantial bounty, as suggested above, should also be given on Canadian built .nickelated steel steamships, which — " •' "'"^' "'= o^it.i-iiavai vuSscis oi the uominion. 48. A Pitsburg expert has estimated that with United States coke at $4.50 a ton, iron can be made in Ontario for $13.22 a ton. Ontario can obtain coke from New 28 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. Brunswick, on the completion of the St. John Valley Railway, at not exceeding $3.75 a ton ; tins saving on tuel, together with the lessened expense on a much larger output than the referred to expert counted upon, shoSld tn"f ^ xf ^ t ^'^" '"^ ^'^^^"^ ^«^^^ t« »ot exceeding V ^ Brunswick coke need not cost over $3 25 a ton at Quebec. To obtain this coke at the lowest price the provinces and large railways more especially inter! ested, would need to hold moderate amounts of stock in tne coal and coke works. 49. Capital and Labor. — The frequency and in- creasing magnitude of "labor strikes" shows the neces- sity for the speedy adoption of some plan whereby such conflicts between capital and labor can be altogether avoided or greatly mitigated. The writer has submitted such a plan to the railway companies and capitalists referred to. The plan is akin to co-operation -simple in its working — and under it the humblest employe in a coal mine or other department, could share, to some ex- tent, in the proprietorship of the interest concerned vJr' it *- ""^^^A^^S^^^alfe., throughout the year, is a parVanTprobaOylEr^;?^ part, of the 1 rench treaty game This game : the fast Atlantic line game; the Oxford-Sydney railway game; the locating of the Intercolonial on the equivalent of the three sides of a square game; the permitting of our transcontinental rail- way to carry its traffic mainly to and from foreign ports and foreign semi-naval fleets aame : tho nrnmi'««d "if^ -* eight years' standing, of the St. John-Halifax section of the Intercolonial and the Cantilever Bridge to the Cana- ^laii F^cifxc game; the Onderdonk contract game; the I m Valley saving on uch larger 3n, should exceeding ver $3.25 vest price, illy inter- f stock in ^ and in- bhe neces- reby such l1 together lubmitted apitalists — simple >loye in a some ex- iled. ' Alliance in a submitted le time has ution and a jmunerativo ;hout the t, of the ntic line 3ating of ides of a ital rail- :n ports, iction of e Cana- le ; the I i CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. .jj) Bishop's Circular game; and many other equally dis- reputable games, that have made Canada, politically, a stench [in the nostrils of two worlds, originated, for the major part, with the said trio, some or all of them, or, in other words, in T. T. T. ism, to the one end ; /. c, the giving thereto a grip on Canada that is as remorseless and deadly as are those of the boa constrictor and the octopus, with the persistent, ruinous and futile endeavor to force the carrying trade of the Dominion out of its natural hoijie channels, with enormous, direct and astound- ing and irreparable indirect losses to the whole of Canada. As an outcome of this T. T. T. ism, there is in the Dominion political atmosphere a miasma, in her blood a virus, and under all, a disquietude that none but states- men, far-seeing, honest statesmen, can correct and control. And, moreover, there is in this ism, especially in its junior representative, such an insufferable spirit of dicta- tion and pomposity as would overbalance the mind of and stagger an ordinary czar. "Some men are born great, othei-s have greatness thrust upon them," this trio have rtc/aeyec? greatness, but it has been at an incalculable loss to the Dominion, especially to New Brunswick, in diverted trade, in non-development of natural resources, in loss of, or non-increase of population, in lessened or non-improved valiic of farm, town city and other property, and in money wrongfully taken from the treasury. 51. The meekness with which New Brunswick has endured the upper and nether mill stone experience ; or changing the figure, the being tied hand and foot and robbed right and left, is no criterion as to the spirit she may hereafter exhibit. The New Bx"unswicker- the genu- ine New Brunswicker, is a blood relation of a feeble band, who, in recent times, founded one of the greatest nations on earth. Their spirit survives in the New Brunswicker 30 Canadian probabilities. and only slumbers— it's not dead, won't die, can't die, it*a IMMORTAL. The surviving politicians who are responsible for the present critical position of Canada— the grandest inheritance the good God ever gave to a like population, since the confounding of tongues, and who have ruined New Brunswick, must rectify the wrong done, or they will be met at the hustings, in the homes and in the market places of the Dominion with a record of their long-continued maladministration and its disastrous con- bequences. 52. The Boards of Trade and the representatives in Parliament of the Dominion, especially of Ontario and u-T ■^^""^^'^^^' ^^e requested to note particularly that while, for the reasons above given, the proposed English and French lines w,ill be almost exclusively of local bene- t\\^n^ *^6 capitalized cost thereof to Ontario will be 114,000,000; and to New Brunswick, in addition to further dispoiling her of her birthright, as regards the Atlantic port, $2,000,000, over and above the 174,000,000 already named. And to all other disinterested sections the losses will be proportionate to those of the two pro- vinces referred to. And if this kind of legislation is to be continued, all concerned are asked where, in a few years, will there be a shadoiv of a bond of union under Confederation. vpn5«i"' ^Pa * 'lorrespoudent in a recent Montreal Witnesi^, for many Shl£.r^'*^'"f'''"'o^^y'''^»" benefit from it, all the favors of govern^ SSd^ffprlnf uT/'''''"P'2'''"^''^''"^ "«^^'" ^» be. With St. John the mmnt &L^i "Ife/Mo'ifeal, the present hub of the Dominion, by NewWkofRSi^''^';,?"^'^*'''' ^'■"'"^' «b*'"''l "o* ^08* '""re than from TraLSowsSZ^'w.'" "'*''^'" ^* ^^"^^ *heC. P. R. could make it so. thPVP«nif XT V^*^/ Wh«n our miporters can buy at St. John as cheap aa S^ John w iK 7^?'^ ^^f B««t«"' r d the staff will cost no more to haul here, its trade w h?i w P!:^^/''?."^^. Foster the growth of St. John by encouraging for its imnoi« ,!nY®'^ Indies, and St. John, instead of shipping gold to pay lor Its nnports, will commence to ship Canadian Tn.anufapture« and 'irod-'c" hvlh^JraZhif^tlTi!' '^"l"^ i"" this way many Ontario towns would benefit its fradfX-m,! M ^""Y^^V^f: ■ ^^*' b^"®*^* ^'•^'•"es t" «"tario from doing ™otLnor?ft„n^uT'''"^^ ^*/^ ^""^y *b'^ *" '^P^'-t * ""le cheaper; it cannot export at all that way, certainly not its manufactures. I f irHl die, it*8 responsible l^ie grandest population, lave ruined ne, or they md in the rd of their istrous con- ntatives in ntario and ularly that >erl English local bene- rio will be iddition to egards the 74,000,000 ed sections le two pro- lation is to e, in a few Yiion under lesa, for many vors of govern- X is of no com- 1 St. John the Dominion, by ore than from Id make it so. tin as cheap as e to haul here, )y encouraging ig gold to pay •and {irodncOj would benefit rio from doing Je cheaper; it CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. 31 53. The government contract referred to in the follow- ing editorial of the Daily Telegraph marks a crisis in the history of New Brunswick, especially of St. John, its chief city. Nothing now remains for this Province but to lay its many grievances at the foot of the Throne, with the request that they be redressed, or that she be allowed to withdraw from the union, which, as shown above, has been to her a perpetual spoliation and an unmitigated curse. The minister who principally is responsible for this contract, while boasting that Canada is governed by votes, is himself indebted for his last two elections to the circular of an ecclesiastic, and to the ten millions that he, in com- mon with others, has wrongfully, during the last twelve years or more, drawn from the government chest, in con- nection with the Oxford-Sydney railway. The $750,000 Atlantic service subsidy, capitalized, is $22,500,000, of which New Brunswick's portici will be $1,500,000. The goverimient of Canada is about to pay a steamship comi)any 8750,000 a year for ten years by way of subsidy for a weekly fast service between an Eng- lish port and Halifax in winter and Quebec in summer. This enormous sum is to be paid to steamships which will have a large freight carrying capacity, and which will be provided wiih cold storage for meat and other perishable articles This mimepse subsidy paid to a freight line will effectually destroy the chances of St. John obtaining any large freight business, especially as the government 18 prepared to carry freight over the Intercolonial from Quebec to Halifax for less than half the actual cost. Two years ago, Hon. G. E. Foster, speaking in the Mechanics' Institute, said, referring to our proposed harbor improvements and the fast line : "Get your harbor ready for this great service," and led his hearers to believe that the fast line steamships would come here. The people of this city, since then, have expended 8250,000 in providing terminal facilities for the service, and building wharves at which the largest steamships afloat could he. and now we are rewarded for our pains by being told that the fast line IS to go to Halifax. Men of St. John, who are not the slaves of party what do you think of this? The government of Canada proposes to expend 8750,000 a year, or about 815,000 a week, for the purpose of taking the trade to Halifax which properly belongs to this port. Such is to be the outcome of all our efforts to improve the position of this city, which would have been success- ful, but for the fact that the government of Canada, with its large resources IS fighting against us. ' 54= Canada has two principal Atlantic ports,— Halifax and St. John, — also two great railways to these ports the Intercolonial and the Canadian Pacific. Including bridge charges, Halifax is the equivalent of 400 miles by rail, or an average of $3 a ton freight, east of St. John, 32 CANADIAN PROBABILITIES 5S R.f„ .[ ^ **"* 'r " '° ^^'I f™"' both ports. ri,ii T " Intercolonial was definitely located Sir Clmrles Tuppcr and Sir Leonard Tilley, as has all thesi years been reported, without contradictor nvc Id ^ . an extensive wharf or water front property at &iit Andrews, an excellent harbor a little west of St J„h^' stone unturned in ultimately carrying "he government road as far away as possible from this natural no, ta„d route, ma round about way to Halifax, by wl.fch route while bf the T"" '""• f^y »■"' •^o"- on its co t1 iW-,lt Th- T ™"-'^ '' *°"''' '«'™ '^O" ' good inve, niejit. This loss ot interest, however, is as nothing compared with the astounding indirect loss occasioned v this consummrt folly and wrong doing. ~°**'°"o<' ''y Ob. Ihe fast Atlantic service and French line to Hali- fax wi 1 be exact counterparts of the faultly located Intercolonial, and these lines must suffer for^aU time from this needless 400 miles of rail carriage, exactly a^ the government road does, and with the same inconcei^ sVlrA'T '" """"' "''^^' *° ">^ entire ClTon. to tL Cana^W P '" ^PPOf^i^g «» 100 million subsidy to ttie Canadian Pacific, while leaving it forever free ti sap he foundations of the Dominion by carrvinl its principal traffic to and from foreign ports an7fofeiin semi-naval steamship lines, demonstrated that he is S -- J- f,,., G axx i.uLturs or Vital importance to CanaHfl especial y when the interest of his province, or his own personal interests are concerned. ^ )rovidod for h ports. located, Sir has all these invested in :y at Saint of St. John, t the princi- rly shore of ntercolonial rary to his interest of ives, left no Government d port and vhich route I its cost ; ?en .», good as nothing iasioned by tie to Hali- )ly located r all time exactly as inconceiv- Doniinion. on subsidy er free to rrying its id foreign he is not o Canada, : his own J CANADIAN PROBABILITIES. 33 58. The manner in which the Oxford-Sydney railway and the duplicate Pictou Branch were ^'manipulated, shows that Sir Charles, Sir Charies HibberT and the present promior, are not at all particular how their ends are attained, therefore Canadians everywhere, west and north of the' Bay of Fundy, must wake up in time or directly they will discover that, while they have been napping, confederation will have lost every bond. 59. The doubt, that so generally prevails, as to whether the government or a semi-foreign railway corporation, rules Canada, ought to be set at rest. The first step to this end will be to ascertain the whereabouts of a certain lot of stock of that company. As we recollect the first report of the Canadian Pacific to the government, on their issued stock, the first name was D. M., for say, 300 shares ; then D. M. & Co., say 300 shares ; then followed about ten names for varying amounts; and last of all, strange to say D. M. closed the list with the astounding amount of say, 8,300 shares, or about one-third of the 25 million dollars said to have been distributed free of sharge on the formation of the company. 60. No time should be lost by local governments, boards of trades and labor and other organizations and electors generally, and the press throughout the Domin- ion, in protesting, with all the force they can command against the subsidizing of the said steamships for at least five years, and that if subsidized at all, theyshall be required to run to the natural Atlantic port of Canada. Canadians, especially electors, should study Canadian Trobabilities, and send copies thereof to theii snnnrlpnfQ -I irl ^•u. ir corre- . For free distribution, it can be had in lots of ten or more, on application to the author, at half price, 34 . CANAIXAN PROnABILITIES. (Daily Trlrorapii, March 5.) The Elevator.-^" There Will not likely be any more grain shipped through this port this season. The Carle- ton elevator has been practically closed up" This elevator, the wharf on which it stands, and an $80,000 branch railway were virtually a gift by the city to tho Canadian Pacific Railway Cjmpany. ^ (Dispatch to Daily Tblkoraph.) Montreal, Jan. 30.-The annual meeting of the Board ot Irado, this afternoon, passed a resolution instructing the Council of the Board to press upon the Dominion Government the advisability of freeing the St. Lawrence Canal from the present tolls, and to give assistance to tho JMontreal harbor works. (Telejfram to Halifax Chronical.) Ottawa, Jan. 30.-Sir Hibbert Tupper informed one of the government parliamentaty supporters today that he intended to make a fight on the ratification of the French treaty at the coming session, but his language and tone indicated that some of his coUegues are still opposed to the treaty. ^^ The steamer "City of Lincoln" whose Captain had never been in this port before, recently (mid-winter) came up the Bay of Fundy to the mouth of the harbor without a pilot. RHract from Board of Trade Committee^s Report on the Bay of Fundy and Harbor of St. John, N. B. : As an evldenco of the opinion entertained by underwriters of thp aaf»f ,. -.» in St. John for marine insurance companies are takin-' riski from St S^ d,rect to Europe at the same rate of premium as frr i^HaHfax Nova s/nff^ and from Boston and Portland, thus niinimizing the dangers of the^Bav whioli {hrchSt"eVi>rrp^orr ''^ -^ '^ ^^^^^^^ ^^' ^^^ -^-^«^ ^^^^ ioui committee would now call attention to the ADAPTABILITy OF THE PoRT of St. 1 John for handling a large portion of the traffic which as Pvnp^f*.,! ,.-in soon come over the Canadian Pacific Railway on the compSon of tK^He!! be any more . The Carle- up." This an .^80,000 e city to the : of the Board 1 instructing he Dominion ^t. Lawrence stance to the nfornied one oday that he f the French and tone opposed to ?e Captain Iiad vinter) came rbor without n the Bay of )f the safety of r that the agents 1 from St. John X, Nova Scotia, ' the Bay, which in disparaging i expected, will of th^ so-called 1 Canadian fkobahilfties. 35 Meifi"\tlc or Short Line Railway, md which will geek a place of shipment at an Atlantic port, in the Dominion of C mada, from the shortness of the distanoo to ho nayiKated between the last p.,rt of departure in Ireland, and St. John. The sailing distance From Moville to Halifax is 2,338 miles. From Moville to St. John .... 2 538 •• From Moville to Portland, Me ' '....""*.... 2',617 •• Taking into account the distance of railway travel between St. John and Halifax (270 miles) to reach St. John as a comm()n centre of dci)artui-e for the : . ^ — J Vu' Vl '^'"-" "^^ «"'«'" »» a <:umm()n cenire oi ucpariure lor ino west bv way of the Short Line Railway, and the difference in distance between St. Jolm and Portland, Me. (about 80 miles), we think we are justirted in St claiming that St. John has the advantage. The haibort)f St. John can even now accommodate steamers of the largest class, on both sides of the hailKir, and the depth of water can be largely increased by dredging, which can be doiie at comparatively small expense. Steamers drawing and paving pilotage on 2. feet draft of water are loaded in the harbor of St John, and man-of-war vessels, drawing 2TJ feet, have entered and left the harbor with ease. The coast al along from the entrance of the Bay of Fundy to the harbor of St. John IS so thoroughly protected by fog whistles, automatic whistling biiovs, ana lighthoases, .that it must proceed from the greatest carelessness 'or unseaworthiness (unless in very exceptional cases) that a vessel should go iwhore or even touch bottom. From the entrance to the Bav of Fundy at Machias Seal Lsland by way of the north or west channel. >>nd at Briar Island, on tlie south channel, to the harbor of St. John, vessels do not lose the sonnd of one fog whistle or automatic buoy until they catch the sound of another and the soundings by the lead are so regular and the anchorage so good especially at the entrance of St. John harbor, that danger is reduced to a minimum even m the thickest weather. Pil.its state that they dread m<»re to enter Boston or Portland or Halifax harbors during a fog than they do St John, and vessels lM)und to New York, Boston and Porlandliave sometimes to lie longer ot..side those harbors for tide than at St. John, and when foirirv weather prevails it is generally as dense (if not more so) at Portland and aloni the coast of the State of Maine as it is in the Bay of Fundy. In winter, fous are very rare. They are more fre(iuent in the months of June, Jiilv and August, but seldom continue so thick for days in succession as to preclude seeing land m the Bay, and neither fog nor snow prove a bar or delay to steam vessels, the navigation of the Bay being so simple there being no treacherous shoals or rocks in the way from the mouth of the Bay to the port of St John We may instance the steamers of the International Steamship Company, which have phed between St. John and the port of Boston for a period extendinir over a quarter of a century, making three and four trips per week, each wav. for part of the year, and two trips, each way.per week in winter.carryingan imineiisc number of passengers and very large quantities (.f freight, and never lost a single life in all that time on that ronte. r-uring the past thirty years nas-sen- ger steamers have been rnnning between St. John and the western .art of JNova Scotia, and during all that time not one was lost, thus proving that Ik . ""w *'' *l^ ,1"T i»*erfere w.th steam vessels in their passage to or from tne harbor of St. John, where proper care is taken. In tub Matter of Ick in winter your committee may confidently assert that there is not a port north o!^T ^^"^T-^ s" entirely free fiuiii ice as St. John is. The ice which forma on St. John River and its tributaries terminates at the Narrows, some three miles above the falls, which are situated about a mile above St. John harbor ana IS completely debarred from escaping in the harbor by these narrows, so 36 CANAWAN PROBABILITIKS- t Kit there is no slitll or anchor ioc in the harbor in fall or winter, and in the spnng the thick, heavy ice of the river is thoroughly rotteJ be ore ]r^l)'fhXT^ "-l"'"^- **^''"".'f'^ ^*^« ^^"«; ^"'^ '^«to the formation of ic-e A r^ HVf ^"'■' '^ •« impossible, owMijf to the ^rcat rise and fall of tide. Af,Min there is never any Hold ice in the Bay below this port. This can hardly lu/ .?rM.'"V'n •""' '''""• •''.' *|l^ •'■"'^^* "•"■^'' '»^ Baltimore ; in fact, there is no f' I f V f h. h "'f r- ""^'"^''">f Philadelphia, New York, IJ..ston, Portland an»c» over, and had vessels cut out of the ice in them Mtln^;.! ;v, f ■ ,^'"PJ"^i8t«i's and owners of vessels, therefore, may be fully assured that no daniaf,'e can be sustained from river, harbor or bay ice. in ■^r^!^^ii^''i^^''^r ^»»/'>': "•• i» the harbor of'st. John. Under the iof'riV, i evidence which your committee have been enabled to place before the Board, they feel that they ' May Safely Assumk : Ca: govei of Pi wild ( of mil Ati wh£*rf the I. Seeiufj ^•oven the sei "lillior More bluiide for all t and for mcnt a governii cate Pi; was arrj i«l^n\7rT n ° "f 'f?'''VT' ''^ '1^° ^''y "^ F«»'ly. from its mi,uth to St. John, IS remarkably simple and free, whether by the south -.r west channels ; so muc ?illVt on the'SaT '" "^' "'' P*""' "^ ^^^ •^"^" '" ^^^ ^''^'' *« ^"^ "^h^"^ 2nd.— Thai, the fojj or cold vapor never occasions delay of steam vessels in snmmeror mnerj^nd that there is never the slightest obstruction from Se rem,l.;7trlS t^lwit.''r''V'» "/'^'^ '"'''l^ •?"* °""^ «trai-ht course from their llh ^i hu ^^"^t'^nd and Boston up the Bay of Fundy to St. John. 4tt].-lHat the south channel, openin"'*' '^'^"' *" ^"^1 f'-o'" the western part of the Dominion of Canada, as well as to and from the Province of Quebec for on to -' completion of_ the gap in railroad communication now e.xlsthgbeb ween tdmundston, m this province, and the Intercolonial Railroad at River d ^eoKout^et'x't St" \'hn''> u""^' ir '"'''''' "'"^ ^^'^"^ ^"«^^« ^'11 "^tukly i n CanadJ. ' "^ "^'*'"*'^* ''"'' '"^''* aicessibl* open port for^ihl*iffhff!tf*n'*"^"-'^' ^" ^''^ "P""^'" ^^ y"""" committee, weigh very fore bly with the Dominion Government in deciding to award that the British Megantic or Short Lne Railway, at least alternately, if not altoqethei' direct ! between Great Britain and the port of St. John. ^ aireci,\^^ ' Respectfully submitted, St. John, Jan. 26th, 1887. R. CRUIKSHANK, .ANDRE GUSHING, W. E. VROOM, knew all goveiTim not favoi Passint Charles a two mor( Atlantic S needless 4 and must Bulletin, porta. Halifax ^ew York, should giv( line to Porl would be b fall of winter, and in uiij^hly rottecl before the formation of ico rise and fall of tide. )ort. This can hardly ; in fact, there is ni> , Boston, Portland and out of tlie ice in them, crcfore, may t)c fully harbor or bay ice, in >t. John. Under the been enabled to place ;s m^uth to St. John, :st channels ; so much weather to any other .y of steam vessels in istruction from ice. Lfht course from their y to St. John. 18 miles in width at of unobstructed dee|) >' to the mouth of St. J, or fifiving clear sea ot feel confidence to e visited our harbor, be accommodated. ' is concerned, is not '.summer and winter, !an be g-iven for St. the tratismission of western part of the f Quebec, for, on the I r e.xistinff between lilroad, at River du iiebec will naturally i icessibU open port mittee, weigh very ird that the British 3 completion of the ot altogether direct, IRUIKSHANK, >RE CUSHINO, :. VROOM. SlTPPimM CANADUN PROBABILITIES. 1_ '~ ' -~ Canada ever since th * ^~ At a cert.,,, nt.,e Sir Ch, , . "°" ""•'""" --;.^ft,,:^:r.:::;::r;i^,,."V"''"'"- 'o™ r; :™-„-"- «. ».:.?4r^ 777^'- ""-"--' pot'"" " ""' "■'"« -'^-irjer;:':T4t;''°"''-'^"- Halifax as a D„« , . " '™l>'''"'"o» to different should t-ive ,v |,,,..„, ««™lan who would „,„„„„ ,v,, "'""'' "»"* to liho to Portland Z'u T r"^'"" '"'"'o™ 'or a ,«, ^,"1' '■'o«™'»e„t wouK,hehur,edw;;"ir.rx"-"--' '-;t,r;o,sx I while ,uMtlier8n^er business with Halifax^ it New York steamers at a transfer of the I. C. R ind th AH .r ""•' '"' ""' evidently aims con^pany. While, as stated above btcpV"" "'' "^"'"^ "'" *^ *'^'^' the Dominion, with a face of brass 'it Z^' . '' ""'*""^ ^^'^ foundation of -ns. The Atlantic service „dSt John nlr?""''^ '" '" '"^^^ ^' ^«»'^- represent 45 millions. ~ "^''^^"^ "^^^t'on "^ the I. C. R., will co^^:^:i;:;;;;t::r^:^^- o- ^-^-^ ^— * »houm fee. tricksters and a semi-foreignrailTafco Z."'"-'."?' ' ^'"^'^ *"^ ''^ P^''"-' dominating. Canada, tovermne^t hest^Tn T^ ""^ '''''''^' ^ ^•••''"l*'-. ^re A ".LT must be called or Tn th 1 f ' ^^^^^ *" circumference, sand to hold it together »o»"mon will not have left even a rope of Pilgrim Pants. ....THE ONLY Custom Made Specialty OF THE KINO IN CANADA. *^ YOr CAN ORDER through our Agents, whom you will find dispersed through Canada, the Lower Provinces and the North-Westv We also make to order : Reefers from $8.00 up. Overcoats from $12.00 up. Tweed Suits from $11.00 up. FINE SUITS : CUTAWAYS, D. & S. B. FROCKS and PRINCE ALBERTS, FULL DRESS SUITS, ^ ^ ^ From $28.00 up. Send for Samples of what you need, and Self-Measuring Blanks. You can fit yourself satisfactor- ily without any trouble, if yoi' will allow us to guide you. AGENTS WANTED EVERWHERE, Live Men can make Large Commissions. Write us for Terms. ■ ♦ THE PILGRIM PANTC f\r\Mr%AKi\M ST. JOHN, N. B. Incorporated under Letters Patent of the Province of New Brunswick. Capital Stock, $10,000.00.