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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols «► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de r6duction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MEMOIRS, LETTERS AND JOURNALS, MAJOR GENERAL RIEDESET, uuniNo HIS RESIDENCE IN AMERICA. TRANSLATED FROM THE OUKilNAl. uElOIAN OF MAX VON EELKING. WILLIAM L. STONE, AUTHOR OP THE LIFE AND TIMES OP SIR WILLIAM JOIINSOV, BART. LIFE AND WRITINQS OF COL. WILLIAM L. STONE, ETC., ETC. VOL. II, A I. B A N Y : J. MUNSELL, 83 STATE STREET. 1868. £ Entered accorcli„,.o Act Of Co„g,.e.i„„„,,„,.,,,3_ Br J. MlNSELL, for the Northern Di.fict of New Y, ork. SKETCH OF MAJ. GEN. RIEDESEL. 1778. The poorest prospects wore now in store for the Oernian troops; for who would take their part under tlieir present circumstances, so far away from their own land i* It was evi- dent that congress had broken tlie treaty. The Knjilish govern- ment could not consistently enter into direct negotiations with congress, as it was unwilling to acknowledge its authith. that congress has resolved to exchange none of the (Jer- man officers who were captured. Such a rosLirii)S. (Icncral Hiedusel took Hpei'ial pains to presorve his right of jiirisdictiiiii over his tniops. and thus avoid giving any oausc to till; Americans I'or talking it JVoni him. I-'or tliis jmrposc tlu; preservation oi' discipline was partienlariy necessary; hut this was hy no moans an easy mutter under existing cireuinstances. Owing to want of employment, tln^soldiin-s were mort; than tiver inclined to insuhordination. For the purjiose of correcting tliis state of things, the first thing the (iornian general did was to detach from each regiment, a guard, consisting of one non- commissioned officer and sixteen privates, under tlie command of a lieutenant, it was their express duty to see that ((uiet and order were tihserved. .V start" officer, as officer of the day, had these guards under his supervision. Everything had to be reported to him. lie was empowcM-ed to settle difficulties between the soldiers and provincials on the spot, (leneral lliedesel, himself drtsw up the necessary instructions, and a severe penalty was inflicted upon those who endeavored to thwart them These prudent measures soon produced good results. Fn the first place difficulties were thus nipped in the hud, and had, therefore, no chance to grow larger; and, secondly, the provin- cials saw that nothing which the prisoners did deserving punish- ment, was overh)oked. The benefit, also, arising from the guard system was soon seen in the men being easier kept together, and desertions hecoming less frequent. The better, also, to give his men employment and thus keep up discipline, lliedesel obliged them to drill every day in divisions, when the weather allowed it. Not having any arms, they could only go through tlie evolutions of marching ; b>it this, besides giving employment to the men, kept them jjroficient in this kind of drill. All officers, and those who bore tlie rank of ofKcers, were permitted to retain tlicir side arms, rreueral TIeath even directed, in an order issued Jiinuary 7th, that these arms should be constantly carried whenever the officers went l)eyond the outposts. This was done to obviate the necessity of their sliow- 6 M.Ualt lih'X /•://. I/, ItlUDKSKh iiiji' tliciir passes tn the iiroviiicials wlin (itlicrwiso wore rcquinHl til insist ii|iiiii st.M.'irith Uegiment. They wore engaged in conver- sation, when su(blenly the? above mentioned colonel ran in among them with a drawn dagger like a maniac, and in an instant UKU'tally wounded two of the group. The cause, if any, that led him to commit this outrageous act has ever remained a se.'ret. The indignation and bitter feeling of the Kngli.sh toward their jailors were increased by this event to the highest pitch; and (Jeneral JJurgoyne, in an energetic letter, demanded of General Heath the arrest of ('olonel Ilawloy and a strict investigation. Oolonel Hawley was publicly tried on the 2()th of .January, in the meetinghouse at ("andjridgo. Brigadier (ieneral (Jlover presided. All the Kngli.sh and (iorman generals, also many officers of both sides, aiul a great number of civilians, wore present, (ieneral Hurgoyne. persiuially appearing as plaintiff, made the complaint in a strong and masterly speech which gained him the admiration of all present. With the close of this speech, the proceedings terminated fin* the day. On the 1st of February, (^iloncl Hawley was again arraigned before the same tribunal. The room was tilled, and many witnesses were present, forty of wlioni were examined. The investigation lasted for twenty sessions, and occupied an entire month. The Americans themselves, considered Oolonel Hawley h)st; but « i.\ Till-: AMKiiia.w iiKViii.rritix. 7 their iii(li;;iiatinii wiih ^rcitly iinTcascd apiinst (ioihtmI niir- ^■(lyiif (iir carryiiij: tlic inaftcr. as tlicy tlidiiulit. t<»i I'i'i' *. mid his siildiors ciuistMiiiciitly siiticrcd I'rdiii it. 'I'iii' pri'SM jpidilisiicd iiii|iudoiit, hiiii|)(MiiiH and scdiiit'iil jpuctry aj;aiiist X\w Kiiiiiisli j^eueral. tliiTol)y cndi'avdriiijr to i*ri>at(! syirniatliy liir tlio Aiiiiiri- eaii colonel. I"'inally. on tln^ ^.'ith of l-'ebniary. lie wa.s hroiijiht before a eoiirt martial ; and it will scareely be eredited that thin court martial, consisting,' only of otHeers, ri,KAUKl> iiiM. Xor was this all ; for in ordi'r to crown American want(»ruies.s and otVciid (li'iieral Uuruoyne and all the Knfi'lish. yet mine, (admi- ral ileatli a|i|)oiiiled this nahli colonel commander of Cambridu'c'. and con.sei(iieiitly of the two hills also I Cohmel iice, who had liitherto tilled this position, beini; absent. These occurrences had the cflect of puttinji (Jenernl Hiedesel still more on his guard and preventiii';' his troops from com- mitting;' excesses, if he and they would preserve their indi^ieiid- encc as nuieh as possible. Accordingly, lie issued the following circular to his troops : " Kxperience daily shows tliat the provincials on Prospect liill,' are depriving the regiments of their just rights, and are nut permitting them to preserve their own jurisdiction as they agreed. They ent(^r into their liarracks, and, by force, either arrest soldiers and carry tliem to the guard ships, ki-eping them there from eight to fourteen days, without giving to their respective commanders the lea.st notice, or ev(Mi the reasons wliy the soldiers have been arrested. The cause of this unjust treatment must either originate in the fact that, at the begin- ning, when the soldiers bad difficulties with the jirovincial.s, there was on the English side no prompt or sufficient satisfaction given, or that hard words and actions have embittered the provincials to such an extent, that they now do not keep the promises to which the treaty had bound them ; and. consecjuently, 1 It must be kept in mind tliat tlic EmkIIhIi were qimi'leretl on I'l-OBpect anil tlic tiriniaiiH on Wintiv IiiU. MA.Iult (IKSKU.M. U/i:ii/:-s/:K tlu-y iiro t'lKli'uvnriii^i l>_v llicsi' li;irf
  • |ii'ii(l it]Miti the ciiiiiniiiiiiler of that re^^iiiieiit to inllict the puiiishiiieiit ii."!!!!! witii (iuit re<;iiiK!iit, and as shall bo ordered by Hrij;adier (ieiieral N'nn (iail. This niininterferenee, hnwever. is based uii the sn^pusi- tion that the inisdeniennur is of sueh a nature that the nU'ended party is satistied. and we are not put to the ineonvenienee id' beinjj; rofused iit a sul)sei|uent time when wo ask for the sur- render ut' a prisont-r. The niannttr (d' punishinent niu.-t be repiirted to the (dlieer of the day, thai he may be enabled to report the case and its results {u \\w. '• Hut if af;ainHt all our expei^tations, theft i , marauding; tako phico, then tht; returnini; of, or payinj^' for su
  • ri ii liinr. Shu rnii hIic'kI iir n Kroiiih frigate wliii li miiilc ilii> r-iiiiu' ilintiiiirc in iiliii'ii'cn dnyn.— Xule ill Olil/lllll/. '' Mrs, Uicik'sil, in licr joiiiiml, i"liU(- lliiii llii" irij;lit('st aiiticijtaliiniH. ■• It lias always \n-v\i my custtini tn nM(uiro as much aspossiblo of my iiil'aiitiy rcj^'imoiit ; and I miiHt hore givt- testimony to tile nolile manner in which it ha.s surpaHScd my uxiieetationH. I have hut one more last demand to make of you and the eorp8 of ofliei'rs, viz : that you will ^o into liarrison in the same neat and pniptu" dress in whieh I have seen the rejiiment at Montreal and Sorel. The details, where it is possible, I leave to you, but you will allow mo to work for the general p>od of tho officers as I shall deem proper, and accordinji: to my best ability. I feel, also, assured that most of them, if they take a just view of thinjj;H, will be satisfied with their future lot. " 1 remain, etc., '' HlKDKSEr.." On tho Hth of October, tho general, at the head of the first division, and surrounded by an immonsc and joyous eoncourso of people, entered IJrunswiek. The duko rode out on horse- back a part of the way in advance to meet him, and had tho soldiers march to the parade j;rouiid. 'I'he troops, destined for Wolfenbiittel and to whom tho general belonged, thereupon marched to that eity. The brave troops brought back with them to their homes, their old loyalty to their b(!loved ruler. Their fame and glory, notwithstanding so many iinhai)py circumstances, not only had been kept uiustaiiuid. but had been brightened by deeds of bravery, and still more by v;.\eiii|)lary discipline under mis- fortune. OFKKMAL DOCrMKNTS IIRI.ATINII TO OKNKHAL lUEDEHKL'H CAMl'AKJN IN A.MEUK'.V. (JKNKIIAr. ItlEKKSKL To Till'; KKKIMNO DCKK, CIIAHLKS OK IIIUNS \VI( K, l.i'NKIIKIKi. Camiiuiimik, N /)/(////«/• Vi, ITTM. Since my report of llxt iiilddle i)f June, no allenilion liiis been niiule in llie corps ol' iiis serene liijilincsc. Desertion iiureiised jiirnin iluriiij; the liiller part of June, mid liislcd iilionl liiurteen diiys, wiieii il censed a,i;ain, of its own accord. Since llien no case lias occurred. On llie contrary, some of liie deserters returned. Tliey were ainuni; tiiose wild deserted last winter iind lured tiiemselvcH out to worii on tiie flulH liopinjr in lids way to eH<'n|)e Ihe unpleasant life on Winter hill. They have now returned in couse(|uenci' of the jiardon held out liy me to deserters ^rcnerally. The chief reason, jierhaps, for the decrease of desertion is the description f;iven Ity those deserters, who have relurned, of Ihe treatment they received durin.i; their altsence. lint this evil no soon<'r vanished than il was replaced l>y another e(|ually as had, viif. ; the irrcat increase of deaths. The extreme heat experieitccil here durinjf the day (which caimot lie compared to that of (Jermany), and the cool niirhis have produced dysentery and scor- butic allect ions, u'eiu'rally terminal ini; in disea.ses of the lunus. Fevi'i's, also, have rolihed us within llie last four weeks of from forty to lilly men. .My iidimlry re,i;iineiil and the jrreinidier liattalion, which i;ol alonj; the best in this respect diuini? Ihe last two campaiiiiis, have lately had the nuist deaths. All possible precautions are taken against these danjf<'rous diseases. I have eslalili>lu'il reirimciilal hospitals, in which all those who have contai;ious diseases are kept separate from the rest. Whenever suit meat is furnisheil to the men, T buy fresh nu'at and wholesome vciretables for the sick ; but all this does not brinji; about the ilesircil result. In my last report I meiUioned Dial an oflicer had been sent to Canada in April, by way of llalifa.v, to obtain our ba,ir,ija!,'e and IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ^^^ m |M 2.2 M 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -m 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation # :<\^ <^ :\ \ ^^ 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i W 4 186 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS IlELATINO clothing; but, .'ilthough a long time has elapsed since he went, he has ncitlicr returned, nor have we since heard from him. Should tiiesc tilings not arrive mj-self and the regiments would he placed in a had fix ; for I do not know how tiie soldiers of the second division would be iirotectcd from the cold weather. They have been wearing tlieir uniforms now going on five years. Their coats are so worn out that it is not possible to keep them any longer in nspair. Piece after piece of cloth actually falls from them. General Phillips lias ordered blankets from New York, and has had coats made for the English regiments in ease the clothing should not arrive from Canada before winter. This, however, has been done at the expense of the com- manders of regiments, who, by English custom, cloth their own men, and who owe them now two suits of clotliing. As much as I dislike doing anything without instructions from your liighness, and as much as I dislike putting you to expen.se, yet under the circumstances I shall have to adopt similar means. To this course philanthropy and duty alike urge me if I would preserve the men whom you have committed to my care. But I will wait until the last moment, and I am convinced that your highness will not be displeased wiih me for doing that to which I am forced by necessity. Our condition is always the same; nor are we informed whether measures have been taken on the part of England for the ratification of the treaty. We have, therefore, no prospect of delivery. How happy would I be if I could receive but a single letter from your highness Avhicb might serve as a guide for my future actions. You no loubt know of all the events which have occurred in the American theatre of war, better than I can tell you, everything being done to prevent good and reliable news from reaching us. The march of Clinton by land from Philadelphia to New York through Jersey — which is considered a masterpiece — was carried out with the greatest skill. You have no doubt, also heard of the affair of the rear guard at Monmouth, where the rebels were beaten, hut claimed the victory for them.Helves on the ground that the English rear guard, who whipped the American general, Lee, retreated in the evening. The enemy sustained in this action a great loss in dead and wounded, Avhile Clinton lost but few. It is said, howuver, that he suffered greatly by the desertion, both of English and Germans — a fact that is attributed to the ac(iuaintances whicJi the troops picked up among the Americans during their stay last winter in the province of Penn- sylvania. Scarcely was Clinton nicely located in New York, Staten and TO I.E.V. lilEDESEL'S CAMPAION. 187 Long islands, when the French fleet, consisting of twelve sliip.s of the line, and four frigates under Count D'Estaing, entered the harbor of New York. Lord Howe, wlio was too weak (liis largest sliip carried only sixty-four guns), to risk a general engagement, contented himself with defending tlie entrance to tlie harbor. In this he was successful, and D'Estaing, seeing the impossil)ility of success in tliis quarter sailed for Rhode island, entered the harbor of Newport, and blockaded that town from the water side. At tlie same time a hostile army, under Sullivan (who had collected it at Providence), landed on Rhode island and attacked repeatedly but vainly the English corps under Pigot, who was in a fortitied camp near Newport. The situation of the latter, however, was extremely critical, and there was good cause for alarm unless he was siieedily reenforced. In the hope of creating a diversion in favor of Pigot, Lord ITowe with his fleet made his appearance before the harbor of Newport. D'Estaing, misled by this strategy, sailed out of the harbor with the intention of giving battle to the English admiral. The latter, upon this, retreated to a certain distance, and when he thought that he had enticed the French admiral sufllciently far, turned suddenly around, and, in spite of his weakness, attacked the French fleet, used it almost up, and would have gained a complete victory had not a terrible storm come uj) (the like of which has never been known by the oldest inhabitant), and separated and dispersed both the fleets. Ad- miral D'Estaing returned to Newport after eight days. Two of his ships with seventy-four cannon were still missing, and his fleet was in a sad condition. In addition to having on board many sick and wounded, the hulls (jf many vessels were pierced by cannon balls, their masts and rudders lost, and their sails and tackling destroyed. He imme- diately wrote to Sullivan that his fleet, in consequence of the engage- ment and the storm, was so damaged that he could not cooperate with the land expedition against Rhode island, nor oppo.sc an English fleet that was expected. On the contrary he would be obliged to go into Boston harbor to reflt. Tlien without waiting for an answer from Sullivan, he sailed into the harbor of Boston in a miserable condition. Meanwhile, Sullivan, who had continued the attack on Pigot dur- ing the absence of the French fleet, but, notwithstanding tlie flereeness of his attacks and the vigor of his cannonade, had accomplished nothing, raised the siege. While departing, he was attacked by Pigot (who had received reenforcements from t'linton) and lost more than 1,000 men, darkness alone perniilting him to cross to the main- land, when he made good his retreat to Providence. This unsuccessful expedition has caused among the inhabitants great discouragement, and an intense dislike to the French. 24* 188 OFFICIAL DOCimFNTH liBLATJJ^Q The French fleet is here in tlielmrbor, Imt tliere being no materials for its rejiair, espeeially for the larger masts, it is said that the fleet will not h( able to put to sea mitler three months. D'Estahig tlesired to liave his troops garrisoned in Boston, but was refused. 25,000 pounds of flour and 13,000 i)ounds of meat have to be furnished daily to the French fleet, ^m^/s. A bloody fight occurred in Boston, day before yesterday, between the French and Americans, in which the French ofticers were stabbed. Mistrust, jealousy and embittered hat red on the part of the populace, have caused such a disagreement between the allies that an extremely tart correspondence has been entered into, and a recurrence of unpleasant .scenes may be expected. Admiral Breymann is said to have arrived finally (atler being so long expected), witli twelve ships of the line, and to have united with Lord Howe,- If this is so, the latter's fleet now consists of twenty- nine sliijis of the line and twenty-two frigates. It is also rumored that Clinton has sent oft' a great part of his army on transports. The future will explain this movement. In my last report, I stated that the endeavors of the English com- missioners have been fruitless, and tliat all proposals for peace had been rejected by congress. I remain, etc., RiEDESEL. * * » Virginia, Mnrcli 22, 1779. As there is an opportunity of sending otf a letter by the return of the ships, that have brought to us our effects from Canada, I report, that the troops have made the march of 075 English miles from Cambridge to this place, in tlie roughest season of the year, with the most glorious endurance! Desertion, as the inclosed report will show, though considerable, has notlieen as great as I expected, from tlie fact of our having had to march through a district of over 150 miles long, the inhabitants of which are (Tcrmans in good circum- stances, and who have preserved the old customs of the fatherland. They spent money and used all possible inducements to persuade our soldiers to desert and remain with them. The troops have manifested the best discipline on the march, a fact wliich is spoken of in America in praise of the men. The copy of the two orders issued by Plullii)s in regard to this, as also his report to Sir Henrj' Clinton, and the one from him to the king, will prove to you tiiat the troops, as well as the ofllicers, merit your approbation and favor. niojribti!. • :n TO a US'. lilEDESEVS CAMPAIGN. 189 In consequence of the nunor that the province of Viri^inia was infinitely to be preferred to tliat of Massaclmsetts bay, wo promised ourselves that our soldi(!rs would be placed in a much better position than in Canil)ridge, and would thus be repaid for the fatigues during tlieir long march. But greatly to our surprise we find it the reverse in every particular. We were sent to one of the most out of the way plantations inhabited by poor people, where there is no communica- tion with the sea, and where not even tlje most necessary articles for the support of the soldiers, or tlie smallest articles of clothing could be procured for money. On the place which was appointed to the men for dwellings, formerly stood miserable huts called barracks, but wliich were now in ruins. Here the soldiers had to spend over fourteen days in the snow, which was from two to three feet deep, until tliey had built theni.selves huts with their own liitnds, to pro- tect them somewliat from the snow and rain. It is my duty to report to your higliness the care and discipline with which the march has been conducted by Brigadier General and Colonel Specht during my al)sence. Our sick were transported by water from Cambridge, and will arrive here with the remainder of the ships that contain the rest ot our baggage. I remain, etc., RlEDESKIi. New YoiiK, February 34, 1780. It is impossible for me to describe to your highness my disappoint- ment at the possible loss of all my reports, by wliich I shall be deprived of an answer to all my several inejuiries which I have repeated in every successive report since my last one of 1778, from Cambrivige. These inciuiries were of a personal nature to myself. Tliey were, whether your highness considered my presence of more importance to the troops of tlie convention, who have melted down to 800 men, or to the active troops who liave increased in Canada to 2,000 men ; and further, whether I shall, in the latter case, request Sir Henry Clinton for a particular exchange, or in the former, return to the convention troops in Virginia. And although it will be hard for a man of my age to spend his best years — which might be used for the good of the service — in mournful captivity with a handful of unarmed men, and in a climate which is so detrimental to my health that I shall die if I return thither, yet I will be intluenced neither by inclination nor personal interest, but will implicitly follow the wish of your highness. There is once more a new prospect for a general exchange. The captured Ameiican officers here, have at last, after repeated recpiests, 190 OFFICIAL DOVUUENTS liELATINO m • .1 succeeded in iiulucini? congress to propose negotiations for a general cartel. Sir Henry Clinton, on his part, lias consented to it; and General Phillips is ourtirst connnissioner assisted bj' Colonels Gordon and Nathern, of the English guard. This new commissioner will commence business on the 1st of March, at Amboy. If they had to deal with men of faith and truth, I, myself, could believe, yes and even assure j^our highness that this matter of exchange would be accomplished, and that your troops, who have bet;n in captivity for the last two and a half years since the broken conveulion, would soon be exchanged. But alas I I know tlie principles of congress too well. It would seem as if that body makes this offer only with a A'iew of hushing the many voices of the complaining oflicers ; and knowing well that such a cartel will only result to their disadvantage and our advantage, they will place so nuuiy impediments in its way, and ask for measures that it will be impossible for us to grant without violating, tiie honor and interests of tlie king, that the cartel will be defeated. I could wish that I am wrong in mj' opinion. Since my last report of December 3d, in which I announced the departure of Sir Henry Clinton with 1,200 men, notiung has occurred worth mentioning. No news concerning him has yet reached us. A cold spell, tlie like of whicli is not remembered bj' the oldest inliabitant, has frozen over the North and East rivers so that they can be crossed with wagons and artillery. This circumstance greatly endangered our long extended chain of outposts from Paul's hook. Staten island, Long island, King's bridge and the garrison at New York. Each of these posts was exposed to an attack of the enemy with superior numbers, and we could not lose one of tliesc posts and hold New York. At lirst, it seemed as if General Washington intended to profit by this favorable ojiportunity. He ordered Lord Stirling to cross on the ice from Eiizabethtown to Staten island, but want of order, missing of roads, and other impediments frustrated the fii"st plan of the Americans,' which was to surprise our troops on Staten island at night ; for on the next morning tlicy found us prepared to receive them in our fortitications. The Americans marched up against it, but did not feel disposed to storm it, and retired again, the following night to Eiizabethtown, after robbing the poor inhabitants on the island. Brigadier Sterling took several prisoners from our rear guard, and many froze to death. ' It will be observed that Rledesel does not speak so frequently of the Americana as rebels, as he did iu the beginning of the war.— Translator. TO GEN. RIEDEHEVS VAMPAIO.S. 191 This unsuccessful undertaking, on tlie part of Washington, was of great benefit to us, for it reminded us of tlie danger in wliicli we were ; and our defenses were consequently increased two fold. Tlie posts of Paul's hook and Staten island, and also tlie garrison at New York, were reenforced. The citizens of this (!ity otlVred to take arms and defend it themselves. Five thousand of them were accordingly armed. New York being thus safe, we began to act on the otfensire with detachments. A detachment from Staten island went twice to Elizabethtown, driving away the post there each time. A detachment from Paul's hook did the same with one at Newark. General ^latliew at King's bridge, detached Colonel Gordon, with 400 men, to White Plains, who either killed or captured a post of tlie enemy consisting of a colonel and 250 men. These small expeditions brought us in 1 colonel, 3 staff otlicers, between 20 and aO other (jflicers, and upward of 300 prisoners. General Washington, also, according to all the intelligence we received, threatened us with a general attack, lost his offensive spirit entirely, and since then, notwithstanding the best opportunities, has undertaken nothing. Washington has also refused me permission to send Lieutenant Cleve to Germany. I again ask for orders as to my future conduct, and remain, etc., RlEDESEL. TUB HEREDITAKY riUNCB TO GENERAL RlEDESEL. SchSnkwald, June 11, 1778. llight Honorable Sir, and Highly Respected Major General: I had the pleasure of receiving your honor's letter, dated April the 2d, on the 10th of this month at tliis place. I thank you very much for it. Be assured that I heartily sympathize with you in everything which has occurred to you in this unhappy American expedition, and exceedingly lament the sad fate of our brave men who have merited such glorious encomiums from their worthy chief But do not in the least doubt that I do full justice to your conduct, your judgment, and the noble zeal which you have shown, under the most crhical circumstances, for the welfare of the corps. Be assured, also, that I appreciate tiie pains you have taken in the preservation of this corps in their present lamentable situation, and your energetic and unselfish exertions in their behalf I shall, most gladly, use r^ 192 OFFICIAL noCUitENTS liELATINO every opportunity to mnnitiiHt to you by my actions this sentiment ; iind, it slmll always be my dcliglit to be of any service to tlie corps under your command. WiHliiug you all possible success, and assuring you of my perfect esteem, I remain, etc., Chakles, Crown Prince of Brunswick and LUneburg. CHARLES WILLIAM FERDINAND TO GENERAL RIEDESEL. BuuNswiCK, May 29, 1780.' My Dear Major General : It lias given me great pleasure to hear, through Captain Cleve, from yourself and the (!apturcd troops; and I beg you to feel assured that you have my liearty sympathy in all your dilHculties. I consider it, moreover, my special duty to inform you that the people of Brunswick, and, in fact, the entire judgment of Germany, do you perfect justice. I cannot omit here remarking that I am entirely satisfied with Captain Cleve and his whole conduct while lierj. He has given me, in every respect, the most perfect satisfaction. Wtth the best wishes for the welfare of yourself and the troops, and with the assurance of my high esteem. I remain, always, Your most faithful friend and servant, CiiAULES W1LLIA.M Ferdinand. To Major General Von Riedesel. GENERAL RIEDESEL TO CHARLES WILLIAM FERDINAND. BUOOKLYN ON LoNG ISLAND, Jwm 6, 1781. I closed my last report of military operations in this quarter, with the victory of Lord Cornwallis, near Guilford Court House, all the forces of General Green — the latter of whom was completly shat- tered. The destination of the corps, under Major General Phillips, was then unknown ; but I am now able to report that he has gone, with the largest part of his corps, through a complicated manoeuvre, ' Answered September 10, 1780. TO (ih:\. lllKI)KSh:VH CAMI'AUm. 193 having inarched first hito the vlchiity of Williamshurg and York in Virginia, anil thence to Petershiirg, wlu^rc lie dispersed a body of 1,500 rehcls, witii llic loss of a few innidrcd men. Tlicncc lie marched against Iliclimond, when he partly destroyed llic enemy's warehonses of toliacco, ammnnilion, provisions, etc. He also burned a few of the public buildings, ships and bateaux. The loss, sutl'ered by the rcbel.s in this excursion, is immense. All the magazines for Green's army were destroyed, and all the important articles destined for the French fell into our hands. They are tliur almost entirely deprived of the means with which to continue tlie war against iis in the south. While on his march to Portsmouth (our established post in Vir- ginia), General Phillips received a letter from Lord Cornwallis informing him that the writer, intended marching from VVilminglon to Petersburg, and inviting his cooperation in this movement. General Phillips, therefore, turned back to'vard Petersburg, where he came very nearly inten^epting General Lafayette, who, on learning of Pl'lilip's advance, retreated to Uichmond in the greatest haste, A large number of adjutants, aid de camps, (luartermasters and engineers were found and captured at Petersburg. Here, General Phillips, in expectation of the arrival of Cornwallis, established him- self, but on the 10th of May, he was taken dangerously ill of intlam- matory fever, and died on the loth of the same month, to the greatest sorrow of all who knew him cither personally or by reputation. The commanding general, Sir Henry Clinton, who, as I believe, had, some time ago, a strong notion of going him.self to Virginii', sent four additional battalions from New York, viz ; two from An- spach, and the ITtii and 34th regiments as rcenforcements for the corps in Virginia. These arrived on the 34th of May, at Petersburg. Cornwallis's Theatre dela Cfiierir is bloodier, and, to the eyesof tlie people, seenis greater and more heroic than that of otiier generals elsewhere ; but the extremely largi territory on the one hand, and the enthusiasm of a few of the dilferent partisans on the other, have, since the battle of Camden, split up the army in such a manner, tliat, occasionally, we have suffered here and there unpleasant affronts. In the hope of finding North Carolina ready to take up arms for us in large numbers, Cornwallis was induced to leave all his communi- cations and march into the centre of tliat province. General Green and all the rest of the rebels retreated before him. Our army sur- mounted all possible difticulties and fatigues; but the number of sick soon weakened it more than it was strengthened by additions. Indian corn, merely ground between two stones, was the subsistence of the soldiers, and the month of March, the army of Cornwallis scarcely numbered l,r)00 men. I ( T.K OFFlilM, IXK'VMEXrs KEIATISII ii McMiiwliilo, Ocncntl Orccn rallied all the troops that ronld lie (•<)ll('cl(il ill Virginiii and all tliosi' lliat (it'iicral Wat«liiii;;toii could send liiiii from his army, and, liclicving that Cornwallis wan sutll- ciciilly wcakciKMl and in iiccd of snlisistcncc, crossed the 1{oanok(^ and adviincecl airainsl the latter. Cornwallis then perceived that he had advanced too liir, and that North Carolina would not take iip arms airainst the rehelstothe extent \\y\ and every one had heeii led to e.\|H'et. He believed it too ha/ardoiis, if, indeed, it was not im- possilile to retreat to Canideu — a distance of ov<'r TiOO miles — with a handful of men and hefore a refreshed army, and he, therefore, bravely determined to attack General Green. lie did ho, bent iiiiii, captured his artillery, and made several i)risoners. Hut, although (iri'di's army was dispersed, and tht^ country laid open to us, the position of Cornwallis was no better than before, llf- had now about ftOO men wounded, with no wa{;;ons to carry them. This circumstanee, tofiether with a weary army and a scarcity of jirovi- sions, caused Cornwallis to nnireh to AVilmington near Cap(! Fair where some sliips laden with supplies for the army had arrived from Charleston. He arrived at that i)lace safely, and refreshed his army. Allhoujrh CJornwallis knew that Green had retreated beyond the mountains into South Carolina, thus endaniterin^- the posts be iiad left behind in South Carolina at (Camden, Ninety-si.\, Augusta, beyond the t'on,u;aree, and at Georgetown, he, nevertheless, resolved to march eastward, and unite with the troops of Phillips at Petersburg. This he accomplished on the IDth of ^May. Time must show what reascms Cornwallis had (or pursuing this course, and what he will now do. Tlie present situation in South Carolina is as follows; Lord Hawdon, with a single regiment of infantry and a few combined detachments, is fortified at Camden. A detachment of a few hundred men, for the communication with Charlestown, is beyond the C!on- garee river. Another detachment, consisting of provincials, is at Ninety-si.\; while Augusta to the let1, and Georgetown to the right, are occupied by ourtroojis. (Jeneral Green, whose army was entirely dispersed at the battle of Guildford Court House, has rallied another army of ;(,00() to 4,000 men beyond the mountains, and marched against Camden, where he besieged Rawdon for a few days. This brave young man came out with his garriscm, attacked Green, and forced him to retreat. The remainder of our above named posts are all in great danger, and the communication between Lord Rawdon and Charlestown very much threatened. Should Green persist in his desire to conciiier South Carolina (Charlestown excepted), it is not impossil)le he may do so while Cornwallis is at so great a distance from liim. In truth Rawdon's situation is very precarious, TO OK.V. ItlKnmKVS (JAMPAIOff. 106 It 1h easy to Judjto of tlic Hitimlion of New York uiid the tmups under 8ir Iltiiiry Clinton, by y\w (Iclmlitnciils sent over tlicn: from here from time to time. It in more iippropriati* to cull it ii pirrison of New York and environs tliiin itn uriny ; and, until the arrival of the expected rcenforcementM from Hnjiland, neilher a llannilml nor a Turenne conld orij;lnate or execute olfensive operations in this part of North Americ^a. A portion of th(^ French troops from Uhode island have formed a junction witli W'ashinjiton on the Croton river toward the east side of the North river, and act as though they designed assuming the otlensive. I believe it is still uncertain (per- haps it is not yet decided), what Sir Henry Clinton intends doing after the arrival of the reenforceinents from England — how the two generals will agree upon different points — and where the ^"'//*(<'(r/«< will be. Admiral Arbuthnot cruises between Rhode island and tlie C!hosa- peako bay with everything that can be called a war vessel. He has three objects in view. To prevent a hostile Heet entering tlie Chesa- peake bay ; to watch the manceuvres of tlie French fleet near Rhode island, and to intercept a French fleet, said to consist of thirty trans- ports, with troops, magazines, provisions, etc., and to be escorted by a man-of-war of sixty-four guns, nnd three frigates. R is hoped for llie good of the cause, that Admiral Arbuthnot will so(m go to England ; nor will the expeditions on land and on sea ever be harmonious until this change takes place;. Admiral Rhodes seems to have fallen in love with the treasures of St. Eustace, and, with General Brougham, has his quarters there still. He sent Admiral Hood with eleven ships of (he line westward to destroy a fleet which was expected from France, and which was said to consist of many merchant vessels, under tlie escort of a few men-of-war and frigates. But instead of capturing a cpiantity of liooty, he was received by twenty-two ships of the line and a host of transports filled with men, and had hard work to escape. A naval engagement took place, in which a large number were killed on both sides, and three of Hood's ships were badly damaged. He was so fortunate, however, as not to lose a single sliii). For wliat purpose these large reenforcements arc sent to the West Indies by France, and what the result it will be, time alone will show. I fear they are aiming at the south side of this continent, and our establishments in that quarter. It is a problem to me, how the secretary and Lord Sand- wich can permit a French fleet to go to sea without at once sending adequate reenforcements to those places threatened by it. We always lose the time for a campaign ; and the blood of many men has to pay for this neglect. 26* , 190 OFFICIAL UOVUMKNTS KFLATINU 'IMi Tills iiewH, in rcpird to our situation, which hiis been jjuthcrcd In every wiiy, iiiul which is entirely relliiltie, I send to your serene hi>,'h- ness for your priviile use. It' it is not so understood it niivy prove detrimentid to nie. 1 remain, etc., HlKHKHKI,. P. 8. The dispatches not luivinji; ns yet gone, I have still an oppor- tunity of addin;?, tluit yesterday, the 10th instant, Hrlgadier Arnold, with his own and the Robertson regiment of the i)rovincials, arrived here from Virginia, and brouglit the intelligence that Cornwallls letl Petersburg to attack tlie Martiuise de Lafayette at Uichmond. The latter, however, at his approach, fell l)aek, crossed the James river, nuule u halt between the Uavana and Flouvana rivers, twenty- eight miles from Hiehmond. It is said tlial C'ornwallis intends pur- suing Idm still further and thus become nuister of Virginia. M-ri'TKHS Ol-' (IKNEUAL KIEDEHEL TO THE DUKE t'EUDINANI) OF DUrNSWICKLlJNEBrKO. Camhiudok, March 7, 1778. I lind the pleasure of receiving, by the way of Rhode island, your letter of the ad of last month, which you were so kind as to send me. I wish I could add to this letter a continuation of the journal, filled with heroic deeds and conquests ; but, unfortunately, fate has cut asunder the thread of glory, and notliing is left us but to prove publicly, at the proper time, that this misfortune was not brought upon UB by any cause of mine or of the troops Avho are under my command — tho:*e troops, who have fought four times so gloriously, and were praised in the published order of the day, The trooi)s are sutfering great tortures in their present position ; but they bear it with great firmness, and without murmuring. They are (julet, and commit no excesses. Congress refuses us permission to return to England ; and unless it changes its resolution, we shall have to remain in this lamentable situation until peace is made. Nothing can console us but the sympathy of the i)ublic and our countrymen. As for me, it will be my only comfort if I can flatter myself that I retain the favor of our serene highness in the future. To merit this Is my sole endeavor. I remain, etc., RlEUESEL. To Uh:S. lilUDKHEUH VAMI'MUN. 197 CvMiiHiUdi:, M'irch 2(1. 177H. Ah C'oloiu'l Ainslnitlii'r rctiiriiH to Eiijflaiul f)ii piirolc, I cmhiiuu! tlie opporlimity U) HL'iid your liij^lincHs iiiiotlicr Icltcr. I trust Hint tlic letter, with the (lociimenlH l)eloiiu;lii;i: to it, •.vhich I sent by Ciiplaiu Green iil thi; beginniiij,' of this month, Iuih niilely arrived. The otllcer whom General Hiirgoyne sent to amgrefs to protest iigiiinnt its resolution not to nllow the convention troops to depart — has returned with tlie curt answer, " Tliat congress will not alter in any way its resolution until the king himself lias i'atilie our sad situation, I have \vritten the following article for the uiko of Justifying the conduct of myself and the troops in the "i'.'lit of your highness; and to prove tliat it contains nolhing else • ■ i the truth, I have had all of the staff olHcers sign it atler a ccisultation. T keep tlie i\ ■' ul for the sake of warding otf all the attacks vthi(.li u. ly bo made on our troojis, or in case the general should seek lo luy tlie blame on them, which, however, I do not believe lu will ilo. If none of these surmises be correct, and nothing of tlic kind takes p':ice, I will burn the document without making any further use of it, and sliall take the liberty of asking the same of your.serene highness.' I have thought it my duty to answer this, and Colonel Amstruthcr will, as soon as he arrives in England, insert, in aiy name, in the Loiuloii Ncw» the following answer : CAMunimiK, March 30, 1778. To our great surprise we have read in the Loiuhn Newn an infamous lie in reference to the conduct of the German troops, under the com- mand of General Burgoyne, to the etfect, that many Germans deserted, and many did not fight with bravery. It is not necessary to answer such a slander, since the praises wliicii have twice been given publicly by General Burgoyne to the German troops in regard to their bravery and their good conduct, proves the revei-se ; while the lists of the losses of the army during the last campaign will sliow that at least three Englishmen have deserted to one German. ' This document Ih tlio same tliat is piiblislicd In full In ttic body of tliis vvorlt, under the name of Riedcscl's inll'tary Memoir. A portion of it is aiso fjivcn in The tetters and Journals of Mr«. General Jiiedesel.— Translator. ^i ; I 198 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS RELATING The journal and the reports of the corps, I will send at the first opportunity. I remain, etc., RiKDESEL. Cambkidge, May 9, 1778. Although I fear that I shall seem presumptuous in trouhling your highness with meaningless letters, the consequence of the barren and dr(!ary situation in which we unfortunately arc at present, yet my devotion to your highness, and the remembrance of favors received, urge me to go beyond the limits of duty. Our sad situation — without the least prospect of a change — desertion, which arises among the troops from misery, inactivity, and the persuasions of many recruiters and the humiliating treat- ment to which we are every moment subjected by the inhabitants of this country, oppress my spirits and enervate my body to such an extent that I doubt whether I shall ever again see my fatherland. Surely I sliall not, unless some happy accident extricates us from this labyrinth. How fortunate I would be, had I never seen this conti- nent. We amuse ourselves in our inactivity, with all kinds of news, the most interesting of which is, a declaration of war between France and England, the expected arrival of commissioners from England to make peace with the Americans, and the recall of Lord Howe, with the rumor that Lord Amherst will assume the command in America. Time will show whether these news items are true or not. Major Latterlohe, who was the duke's agent in England, shines here as deputy quarter master generfil to Washington. He had the audacity to send his compliments to me ; but I returned him the answer that I had no acquaintance with a man of his character. I held it my duty to communicate to Lord Germain my remarks concerning the document of General Burgoyne, referring to the last campaign. My brother will hand this to you, and you will be con- vinced that it is the naked truth. It is sad that English pride does not allow the least satisfaction to foreign troops, even, when accord- ing to all principles of right and justice they deserve it; as, for instance, was the case of our soldiers in the last campaign. I remain, etc., RiEOESEL. dMh ro QEN. SIEDESEVS CAMPAION. 199 Cambridge, June 9, 1778. Your gracious letter of September has given me tlie greatest joy, HoAv clianged is our situation, since, happy in the tliouglit of being conquerors, we expected to meet General Howe in Albany, and hoped we would finish the war with that campaign ! In place, however, of such splendid prospects we were surrounded and surrendered, and the fortune of war placed us in our present sad situation. The only consolation in our misfortune is, that he who sacrificed us, and who was the cause of our calamities, has been recalled. But in my pre- sent unhappy condition, I cannot trust myself to speak. I have no other news to mention to your highness, e.Kcept the movements of General Clinton, who is a talented and enterprising man, which will decide our fate. It is sa'd that he has already opened the campaign with success, but this is all rumor, for the correctness of which I dare not vouch. I wish and hope that our liberation may soon enable me to write longer and more interesting letters. For the present I must close, assuring you, etc. RiEDESEL. Albany, October 21, 1778.' I suppose that your highness has seen the letter from my master, the duke, containing the most sad intelligence in regard to our army, and that portion of the Brunswick troops that is with it. My con- science is clear. I was only a subordinate general on that occasion. No one asked my opinion, and I could do nothing else than carry out the orders given me. The damage it does to my name and that of my troops, is all that grieves me. My soul is yet so sad, that I am unable either to give a detailed report, or send a journal. As soon, however, as we arrive at Boston, I shall have the honor to send you a faithful account of the whole affair. I may possibly be blamed, and since those who are absent are, of course, always in the wrong, much will be said against me. But I am convinced that your highness will stand by me until the whole matter is investigated, and until it is evident that the entire cause of this misfortune is due solely to poor combinations, and the gracious purpose of General Burgoyne." I remain, etc., RiEDESEL. 'ThlB Is the date as given in tlie German edition, but of course it is an error — the true date being 1777, the year previous.— Translator. '^ The meanintv of the latter clause in this last sentence is not clear, unless it is intended for irony.- Translat New Yohk, Sept. 8, 1780. Will your higlincsB penult me to return you my sincerest thanks for the kindness you liiive shown to my adjutant, Captain Clcve,' who returned here on tlic 2d of September ; also for the kind letter which you had the goodness to write me. No news whatever has occurred since my last letter. The two French armies remain perfectly inactive, notwithstanding reenforcc- ments. I have been very ill and my recovery was doubted. I now begin to gain a little, but am still very weak, and my physician forbids riiy writing. I am thus forced to shorten my letter against my will • but I hope to gain sufficient strength soon to write you, and give more news and details in regard to our present situation. Meanwhde, etc., RiEDKBEL, New Youk, September 38, 1780. Believing that your highness is interested in every fortunate that happens to me, I have the honor of communicating to you, that an exchange has been linally signed after a captivity of three years and nine months. The negotiations are not yet finished, but I flatter myself that this exchange will be extended to all prisoners of war, and a portion of the convention officers. Washington, however, will will not be in favor of an exchange of all the troops. I am at present entirely at tlie disposal of Sir Henry ; and my departure for Canada and entire fate depends on him. As yet he has not infonned me what his intentions in regard to me are. Lieutenant Herstal has sent to me the two kind letters of your highness. Upon Captain Cleve communicating to me the opinions of your highness, I sent ihe proper orders to Virginia for the return of young Schuler and Brigadier Specht. As soon as he arrives here, I will do my l)cst to send him to Europe, according to your wishes. Since my last letter of last month, nothing has occurred here worthy of mention. Sir Henry had a beautiful project for taking West-point by treason, by which he would have become master of the North river as far as Albany. There was an understanding with General Arnold, who Avas in command of this fortified place, and who now serves as brigadier general in our army. Unfortunately, Major Andre, adjutant of Sir Henry, who had been ' He had gone over to Germany as a lieutenant. TO OEN. niEDESEVS C'AitJ'AIoy. 207 (Uspatchcd in disguise to arrange tlie plan witli Arnold and inspect the place, was captured. Tlie project was thus discovered, and poor Andre fell a sacrifice to the intrigue. Every one feels sorry for the poor man ; and Sir Henry was more in despair at losing him tlmn at the failure of tlie undertaking.' A corps of 6,000 men, under General Leslie, started on an expedi- tion fourteen days ago. Its destination is believed to be south, but no one linows anytliing about it. It is hoped that we shall hear good news from it soon. The rebels arc much alanned at it. We captured, a few days since, a courier on his way from Washington's army to Boston. I send to you a few of the letters whicli were taken from him, and which were printed by order of Sir Henry. The reading of these letters will prove to you what cannibals the rebels are, and what dissatisfaction and uneasiness exists among their army tliroughout the wliole continent. They also do not show that they have any too much confidence in their new allies. There is talk of a second embarkation, and that Sir Henry intends to strike a grand blow ; also that Sir George Rodney designs attack- ing tlie Frencli fleet in New York harbor with the cooperation of Sir Henry from the land. The future will show how much truth there is in tliese reports. Medical advice obliges me to close this letter against my will. Believe me, etc., RlEDESEL, New Yohk, November 10, 1780.' Hoping that your highness has received the letter wliicli I sent fourteen days since by tlie packet Roebuck, Captain Bournabe, I embrace the opportunity, caused by the departure of my adjutant. Captain Willoe, for England, to report as follows : Sir Henry, in pursuance of your request, has arranged for the exchange of Ensign Bode of the regiment Rhetz. Colonel Specht, Captain Cleve, and Lieutenant Burgsdorf are exchanged, and I expect them here every moment. 1 hope Colonel Specht will bring with him young Schuler. I have requested him to do so in three successive letters. Notliing new has occurred since my last, except that we hear that General Leslie disembarked on the James river in Virginia, and ' In several historical works it is stated that Andrfl went in auiform to Arnold, but put on a disguise before returning by the advice of the latter. This statement seems to be erroneous. "Received January 17, 1781. £ 1 t'^' ' \ 1 i • { - 1 ;!<• 'i- 20« OFFICIAL IWCVilKNTS IIELATINO ' '• cftptured u coiisltlfrahlc inai^ii/.ino at I'clcrsburii;!!, wliii!li Hk' rcbuls hiiil erected there for tlieiirmy ot'Ciencriil (luleH in Norlli (Jiirolina. It seeiim that this expedition of Li slie is part of tlie plan wideli Cornwallis intends to earry out against llie army of (Jenerid Oales, and tints extend ids iines in tlie scniliiern part of tiie conlinent. Time will siiow wlietlier llie projeet results well. Your letter to tornwaliis has l)een sent l)y Major Ueneral Von Hose of tlie Hessians, by tiic way of Charlestown. Adndral Rodney will sail witli his fleet from Lundy, and go first to the West Indies, Adndral Arbutlinot is still near the French fleet in the harbor of the Uliode Island. Our fleet from Cork, with provisions, etc., wldeii is so much htolted for, has not yet arrived. The army of Sir Henry Clinton has gone into winter (juarters, and Waslnngton keeps very ([uiet. General Phillips, afU'r his exeliange, was placed in command of the grenadiers, the liglit infantry and the 42d British regiment. This is the elite corps of the anuy. He is full of joy, and requests me to remember him to jour highness. I remain, etc., , HiKDKSKh, Major General.' Biu)OKi,YN, Jan. 2«, 1780." I hope the bearer of this letter will have the honor of waiting upon you in person. I confess I envy him Ids good fortune, for I would consider myself (he luckiest of mortals, could I have this pleasure once more in my life. Lieutenant Von Meyer of tlie grenadier.s, Ensigns Bode and Fleischer of the regiment Blielz, have, according to the wishes of your higli- ness, been exchanged ; and you may be assured that the carrying out of your orders is my most pleasant duty. Nothing wortliy of note has occurred since my last, which left on the packet, except a mutiny in the camp of the rebels New Year's night. Tlie (Continental troops destroyed tlie park of artillery and deserted Washington. Tliereupon, Sir Henry, tliinking they would join him, njade a movement witli a portion of the army, liut these gentlemen were neither inclined toward one side or the other. They ' It may seem strnngc to tlio reader that Rieclescl signs himself major general, having received the title of lieutenant general from General Clinton. This rank, however, was only given by Clinton, out of courtesy to the Oerman general, while having an English command. It amounted to nothing iu Brunswick, and Ricdcscl, therefore, signed himself as usual, major general. » Received April 83, 1781. TO r/A'.V. IllKDKSKL'S fAMI'MUN. 2()!) merely nuked lor some provlMioiis ami the privilege of paHsinj? by liiin. It is siiid ilmt, con^'resH lias HiiccciMlcd in (|iii'irm>,' this mutiny l)y making' promises whieli it, is not alilr to lullill. Hut even if it could rnllill llieni, the rest of the army would demand the same thinj;. At the veiy moment I am writiiif,' this line, news arriv<'s of u seeond mutiny in VVashinnton's army ; the troops having heard that the Continental troops from Jersey, who have revolted, have offered their services to Sir Henry. Take it altogether, the rebels never Imvohecm in such a miserable situation as at present ; anduidess France sends soon eonsid(;rable HUi)p()rt, I lirndy believe that tluH wnr will soon termimite. The c(»mmand here on Long island, aflbrds me jilenty of exercise; but although the physician tells me that exercise is Ww only means by which I can recover my health, I feel no esi>ecial l)enetit result- ing from it. My headache still continues ; my nnnd is feeble and unable to work ; and a genuine hy])ochondria causes me to sj)end my days in sadness. A part of our convention ollieers and a portion of our prisoners from Rutland have arrived here ; and I am making preparations to go to Canada with these .small reenforcements to assume the command there just as soon as the season of the year and Sir Henry allow me to do so. I remain, ItiKDKHKi,, Major General. BuooKi.VN, Fchrumij 11), 1781. I hope your highness has received the letters I wrote you last year, and that Colonel 8pecht has handed you my last, written in the beginning of this year. I also trust that young Sehuler has had tlie pleasure of expressing to you his thanks for the kindness you have shown him. I have the honor of forwarding you a letter from Lord Cornwallis which he sent me with the reciuest to send it to you. Sir Henry, also, has especially instructed me to present your highness l)is best respects. I wish that the state of my health was such as to allow me to write longer letters to you, especially since the state of affairs here furnish me with plenty of matter. The season of the year, which hiis i)ut a stop to all military operations, prevents my sending you news which would gladden your heart. Sir Henry hopes for ample reenforce- ments from England ; and the rebels expect the aid of 1G,000 French troops. The result of this next campaign, therefore, will be in favor of that side whose expectations are realized. I w 210 OFFICIAL nOCUMESTS ItKLATINO CotiKrcHg ima found nicntm to HiipprcHH the two nmtliiit's in Kh nrniy; luit ii third rcvoH miiy Im- cxpcclfd (in coiisccincnfc! of its Iniiltlilly to itecp iln pronilHCH), widcli will Ik' of ii more w(Tl()im nature thun tlu! pnsvlouK oncH. Arnold, who him nuirchcd iilniost 800 ndlca into th(s interior of Virf^inlii hiis met with more huccchh tlum wiis expected, luiving K'dned ii footliold near I'ortHnioutli at tlin nioutlt of the Janies river. Tlie noted Oarleton ' lias l)een beaten in tlie south. I hope it will not result badly for tlie cause as a whole, nor end>arraH8 Lord Cornwallis. An army corps here, consisting of the (lower of tlie auny, has received orders to end)arl<. Its destination is not Itnown. I should not be surprised if Sir Henry conunands them in person. I am malting preparations for my journey to Canada, and I believe that Sir Henry will tlx the time for my departure, as soon as the weather will penult. I hope the climate there will be more favorable to my health than the climate lu-re, and that I shall then regain the health of whicli I have been deprived for over two years. Ollierwise, I shall not be able to attend to the work wlii(;h my duty demands of me. Sir Henry has had the kindness to allow me to take young Beckwith as supernumerary adjutant. I hope that in this I have done a favor to his fatluir whom I respect and very much love, and also that tlie chief magistrate of Westplialia will rejoice at it. He is a good looking young man, of good talents and cliaracter. If ho is like his brother, tlie adjutant of General Kiiiphausen, he will be to me a valuable acquisition, I remain, RiEDESEL, Major General. BnooKLTN, Sum 13, 1781. I was delighted to receive your two letters, one dated November 14tli, at Gottorf, and the other, December, at Brunswick, upon your return from Copenhagen. A few days since I was again visited by an attack of fever Avhich hinders me from making this a long letter. I liave had the operations of this campaign drawn up by Cleve, and now inclose it. The time for my departure for Canada has not yet been designated. The admiral refuses to furnish a convoy, but Sir Henry has written General Hamilton to send him two frigates, and I hope therefore that wo shall leave as soon as the ships arrive. I Probably Tarlcton.— Translator. TO (/US. HIHnKSKI.'H VAMI'AKl.S. 211 ConiwiiUlH liiM iij^iiin advancod on tlie roiul to vlftory; iind iCLn- fayctU! ill liny way ket'ps Htt'p with liiin, It In very likely im may win iinother battle. You will, I know, graelouHly pardon tlie HliortneMH of tliiu letter, but my head ism) weak, I cannot write longer. ] remain, UiKDRHKi., Major General. RouKr,!,, .////// 8, 1782.' Your two letters of May 7tli, 17H1, und Feliniary lltli, I7K3, were received a weiik slnee by tlie Eiiffllsli lleet, and have given ine >?reiit pleasure. The aHHiiranee of your favor was a good medieiiie for my poor health. I recognize in It my old benc^factor # » # Nothing of note has occurred In this province since my arrival. The misfortui; vlilcli has befallen Lord (lornwallis iilarined iisextreinely last whiti . and all tlie news we have since received coiitirms us in the belief that we will be attacked both from the sea sidt; and Ww colonies. The change in the ministry has caused ii ditferent system to be pursued ; and, unless one is a pro|)het, no one can at present foretell what events may take place. Wc arc comforted with tlio rumors of peace. I wish it were so with all my heart, for my health fails mc more and more every day; and it only with great ditticulty that I can attend to the duties of my oflice. What joy it would be if the time had come when I could pay my respects to you in person. Until that time arrives, I must be content to do it by letter. I remain, UiKUKHKK, Major General. (JuKHKC, OcUihe)' 20, 1783. I have had the pleasure to receive two letters from your highness, one in the French and the other in the German language. Although the climate in Cinada is more congenial to me than that of the south, and although 1 feel better able to attend to my duties since my arrival here, yet I sutfer from constant headache, and do not enjoy good health for a week at a time. Hitherto the situation in Canada has been very peaceable. I am busy in reforming the Brunswick regiments, and am in command near the border of the colonies. During the summer I encamped with • Received October 1», 1782. 27* . K -J 1 >J OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS RELATING eiglit rogimcnts on the Isle aiix Noir, where a fortification hns been laid out, wliieh is to be strongly built of stone by our engineer, Captain Twiss, and command the district in which it is erected. , It seems to me useless to send you a Journal of this year's ope- rations, since everytliing we hear is so old that you must have heard it long ago by way of England. I fear we are vhom he served as brigade major), he has sought all possible opportunities to distinguish him- self, and manifest his zeal for the service. On one occasion, for in- ' This draft Is without date or placo. May 14, dnrinjr the year 1780. Very likely it was written from New York, f ■ 216 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS liELATING stance, a horse was shot under him on the 19th of September, 1777, duriiijf the engagement near Freeman's farm, at which time he served witli me as a volunteer. Soliciting the kind favor, etc., RlEDEBKL. Auxiccr to the nbote. Hanau, Sept. 5, 1780. Sir — Especially dear Lieutenant General: Captain ('eismar handed me, on his arrival licrc tlie 18tli of last July, your kind letter of the 14th of May. I rejoice at its contents, and am pleased at having an opportunity to render you (as I have long been desirous of doing), my gratitude for the manifold care and attention which you have shown my infantry regiment, and the artillery company attached to it, as long as they were under your command. Colonel Von Gall has repeatedly mentioned to me the many kind actions which were shown to him and his men by you ; and Captain Spangenberg confirmed this when he was here last year. I reud(;r you, therefore, with sincere pleasure, my true thanks. I should feel very thankful to a Hessian for doing this ; how much more so then, to a man whose name reminds me of the many services his ancestors have rendered to my house. I shall appreciate them at all times, and will endeavor to show you the esteem and true friendship whic^h I shall always cherish for you. I remain, lieutenant genei'al, your humble servant, William, Hereditary Prince of Hessia. To Lieutenant (Jeneral Baron Von Uiedesel, of the Princely House of Brunswick and WolfenbOltel. Hanau, Dec. 31, 1780. My Noble and very dear Lieutenant General : I received by yesterday's mini your kind letter dated at New York, the 1st of November last, and observe with great pleasure that you were exchanged the 2()tb of last October, and have received orders to go to Canada. But as much as I rejoice at this, it was very un- pleasant to learn that my colonel. Gall, has left the regiment without my permission and knowledge. I send under this date the order for him to go with you to Canada, as soon as the season of the year will allow it, and take there the command of my regiment. Ho must not dare come to Europe. I commend him, nevertheless, to your care, and request you at the T TO UEX. niKI)EHEL-S CAMPAIGN. 217 same time to take the necessary steps with tlie autliorities. Also, do me tl>e favor to asli General Phillips, in my name, not to allow any of my officers (who have hcen captured) to hm^e the regiment unless a written permission signed by me is shown him. I would again earnestly thank you for the kindness sliown to my men, and com- mend them all (including those in Canada), to your kindness in the future. I trust you have received my letter of the 5tli of last September, and remo'- vith esteem and sincere friendship, WiMJAM, Hereditary Prince of Hcssia, To Lieutenant General Von Kiedesel of Brunswick. IlANAiT, Avgud 20, 1781. Especially dear Major General : Your letters of the 30th of February, 38th of April, and !)th of May, were all handed me nearly at the same time. I thank you very much for tlie news they contain, hut especially for the care shown my troops, and your devotion for that nation from which your whole race has .-iprung. From this view I estimate more highly your exertions, being conv'nced that personal devotion to me, and an earnest Hessian licart, are at the bottom of it. Judging by your last letters that you will go to Canada in the course of this fall, I send this letter thither. I hope I will soon receive the information for which I asked you in my last letter (one copy of which I sent to New York, and one to Canada), in regard to Colonel Gall who has been dismissed. I depend on your integrity not to hide anything from me ; for I have resolved to go to the bottom of this cutting down of the officers' rations in Canada, and, for this reason, have instituted the strictest investigation. I was not a little surprised at the intelligence you gave me of the unexpected arrival of Lieutenant Thomas with the transport of recruits. They lefl here in the spring of 1780, and I had hoped that they were long since in Canada. I hope the troops have departed with you for that province and will safely arrive there, and that Lieutenant Thomas has again started from New York for Europe. It has been very unpleasant for me to learn of the measures adopted by the rebels in regard to the convention troops, in separating and exchanging the officers. I pity the poor prisoners with all my heart; and fear, with you, that this separation will have many sad results. Yet I flatter myself that, before your departure from New York, you did everything in your power for them all, and especially I' ^ 218 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS IlELATINO for those that belong to me. I commend my troops in America to your care in tlic future. I remain, witli sentiments, etc., WiLMAM, Ilereditarj- Prince of Hcssia. To Major General Von Riedescl. P.S. — Just as I was closing this letter, I received yours of the 6th of last July, by which I sec that you had not yet left for Canada, and that the time for your departure was not yet fixed. In regard to the dismissal of Colonel Van Gall, I know that lie himself requested his exchange, and it was, therefore, his duty (the same as other officers of my regiment), to have remained in New York until he could have accompanied you to Canada. I cannot therefore, my dear general, blame you in the least ; but, on the contrary, must thank you for your readiness in obliging Colonel Gall, as you of course, could not but suppose that his journey hither was under- taken with my consent. In respect to the future exchange of several officers of my regiment, and in regard, also, to the measures that were taken for the convention troops, let me say that I shall have to be satisfied with them, since they were ordered by the king. Neither will I be the cause of further alterations.' Hanau, March 20, 1782. Sir — Very dear Major General: Lieutenant Thomas handed me, on his return, your letter, dated on Long island, July 21st, 1781. I thank you for the good advice given by you to this officer, to return to Europe; for his journey to Canada would have been altogether unnecessary under the allored condition of affiurs. Afterwards, in fact, only a few weeks since, I received your other letter, dated at Quebec, October 20th, 1781. By this, I perceive that you have safely arrived in Canada with the men whom you took with you to New York, and that, after your arrival, the command of fill the German troops was given you by General Haldimand. This makes the knowledge of your safe arrival in Canada the pleasanter to me, since I know that my troops there are again under your command. I commend them to your best care and strict supei-vision ; and I beg you not to overlook the least irregularity : but, on the contrary, to hold my staff" and other officers to a strict > The hereditary prince, according to this postscript, did not receive this letter, containinjj; liic justlBcatlon of Gall, until the letter was flulshed. He had been dismissed for returning to Europe without the conseut of tlio hereditary prince. TO GEN. niEDEHEUS VAMPAION. 219 performance of their duty. You will, therefore, oblige me very much, if you will see not only that the service of the king does not suffer, but that everything that is due my troops be given them, both of money and of rations. But if, notwithstanding your precautions, an officer is guilty in this respect, I expect of you as a native Hessian, and a good countryman, to inform me at once that Hessian honor may be preserved. I shall be especially grateful to you for pursuing this course. As I have introduced the Brunswick method of paying the first battalion of my regiment which is in Canada, but have not been able to obtain a correct idea of the modus ojKmndi, I refjucst you to send me a detailed account by the first opportunity. I am under infinite obligations for the news contained in your favors. I inclose a copy of my letter sent you on the 30th of August, 1781, in case you may not have received it. Please inform my staff officers of the time of tiie sailing of the packets that they may write me. Lieutenant Le Blanc, who is destined for my corps of yiigers, and who comes with sixty-two recruits for said corps, will hand you this letter. I hope it will find you w'ell, and I remain, etc., William, Hereditary Prince at Hessia. WiLiiELMSBAD, October 27, 1783, Sir — Very dear Lieutenant General : Your letter of July 8th, with the inclosed documents, I received on the 21st of October, this month. You have given me great pleasure in sending these papers, and the interesting news concerning my troops. I ask that you will, as a special mark of friendship, keep a strict watch over my officers that no excesses be committed. If any such however, do occur against my express wishes, kindly inform me at once that they may be stopped and order once more restored. I shall consider this an act of particular friendship, and a great attention to the Hessian service. You will have the goodness to forward the inclosed letters to their proper destination. I will endeavor to repay these kindnesses whenever an opportunity occurs, and remain Your earnest and well disposed friend, William, Hereditary Prince at Hessia. 28* i Ti .1- »"? i'iO OFF/VIAL DOiWMENTS RELATINO KHDKR TO TIIK EXCHANGED STAFF AND OTIIEK OFFICERS OP THE FIRST BATTALION OF THE IIES3IA IIANAU REOIMENT, ERBPRINCE, AND ARTILLERY OF THE ARMY OP THE CONVENTION. The stair and other ofllcers of the 1st battalion ol'thellesHiallanau rejfiment, Erbprhicc, aiul artillery, are hereby ordereil to go by the first opportunity after their exchange, Avith tlie knowledjic and consent of the commanding army of Great Britain, to the detachment of the Ilesae Hanau regiment, Erbprince, and artillery, now in Canada. They are to carry out this order fully, unless informed by the generals, that the subaltern officers and privates, still in captivity, will also soon be exchanged. In this latter case, tluy arc to remain in New York without our special order ; but under no consideration are they to return to Europe. William, Hereditary Prince at llanau. IIanau, January 28, 1781. A FEW LETTERS OP THE HESSIAN MAJOR GENERAL VON LOOS ' TO MAJOR GENERAL RIEDESEL. QuEHEC, January 7, 1782. Dear General : 1 was pleased at receiving your " last letter. I have had an oppor- tunity of speaking with the premier" in regard to your coming here, lie said that the roads would be good toward March, when it Avould be pleasant to travel, and he hoped to see you here, etc , etc. But keep this dark. Your wife, whom every one loves, will be a thousand times welcome here. I Avould strew her road with flowers, if there were any. I intend setting out on my pilgrimage on the 25th or2Gth instant. As for the rest, everything is quiet. Next Wednesday, we are to have a ball ; and the day following, a concert. The whole price of admission is twelve and a half piasters. ' The Hesgian major gcpernl. Von Loos, distinguished himself scvorai timca during the American war. The reader must excuse us for giving passages (whicli are occasionally somewhat coarse), as they are in the original. Had we omitted these passages, the letters wonld have lost much of their originality. Tlirough all this coarseness, however, shines the earnest, honest, and open soul of a blufl', old soldier. Rledcsel, for these qualities, numbered him among his most intimate friends. It seems that while in Canada, the old bachelor, notwithstanding liia old age and sickness, was captured by the beauty of a young lady, and had in his head an idea of marriage. ^ The word licre used iu the original is the second person singular. Thy (dHne), an expression of faniiliaritv and intimate friendship.— Translator. •' Tiie Canadian governor. 4 * TO uaN. lUEDEnaVli VA.WJ'AJON. 221 Next Satiu'diiy is a coMeraathn. Wc pltiy, ami at ten o'clock a side-table is set out with cold, fried meat, ham and ca]remiery when will he eomeV How are you all? An answer to all this is expected hy Your failhliil LOUH. tii!K»KO, April 3, 1782. Dear (Jenernl : I have just received your dear letter, and attended to the ono inclosed. I am very sorry that Poellnitz lost his het. How could the crazy devil ever u;et it into his head to reckon on my generosity, when I linve not a drop of that ((uality in my veins? H'Lady Fritz had her dozen tea-cups again, instead of the broken ones, she might thank Ood. Every body here wants either a peace or an armistice ; but your letter foreshadows important summer events. If you anticipate any- thing certain in regard to a siege, tell \w, xiih roxK ; fori have !),000 Ihalers in cash witli me, which 1 shoidd like lo place in a sale place. The peo|)lc here give their bread with more grace and good will lliMii tliose of Montreal. 1 like tiuebec a thousand times belter. Wlial say you and Lady Fritz V Cochrane (inuix ciitre iioiik), not to have much money in the fund tiiough he has some with the > .erchants. In case of a siege, however, the latter will not " shell out." He tries lo borrow money, but nniy the devil trust him. He tells me that if the city is besieged, I am an undone man. This, however, is entirely between us. Holland Avent to Montreal this morrun,;" He is reported lo have betrayed some stale secrets. He i'^ 'ory Kicly afraid of the whip, and will try to make it all right with the premier by deny'.ng it. He is — well, you know him. Here is a bill of fare for Lady Fritz's scrutiny. I recommend both it and myself to her. J'aurois souhaile de tout mon coeur (pie sa presence auroitembellec ou illustrue ma fete, el ipie la belle Couleur dc Hose auroit misc tout itt To fit:\. nih:i>KsKi;s vami'Mun. 286 |p cociir I'll roiiiilliiiliDiis coiume dlo ii ii Montrcul et Sorcl Corddlo toiiH k'Hclntiiiaficiilin. My n-HpwlH to llic di-iir cliildien and milt, cHpeclnlly to my di'iir CliunilHTlin. Willoc slinll n't urn tlic lict if ever 1 lii'conic llciitwiiuit gciicnd. Borrowing,' is in it, i.^iviiiK- I lun, im iklwuyH, Voire tidt'lc scrvilfur, LnoH. I have over thirty ladicH. Oli dear! Tlie (Irst Iciif WHS toiii oil' and # » # » QifKiiKc, .1;)//' 11, I7H2. Dear (lencrul : I limnii you for your last It'tti thrown into llic tiro out of Joy. Entcrtaininir, as 1 do at prcscnl, thirty liidii'sand cijiiity ^jcntlciiucn, you will excuse me for finding lliein a WiWv horn In Kiiimin. What a pleasure there is in ijcintr al)le hauj^htily to say to an uiijjrateful and unfeeliiif? ruler and to my overhearini,' miniHier, " I will not serve you any longer." Now let ns speak of /« fhere Voiiliuv dc lltm-. Ac rorur niiiiiiii'wr d hattrc. Had 1 hut seen her twenty years a;^o ! Hut it is now too late, and I will therefore hid adieu to all ideas of marriage. Jeanette ' " don't see it," and declines with thanks ; and, knowing me, exclaims, " Well, hrigadier, what would you do with the young and lovely giriy The prudent, good and (Usar (Seneial Uiedesel is smarter than you ! " A glass of Madeira heing on the tahle jnst then, I drank your health. But as the messenger has arrived and intends returning at onec^, I must close. My respects to Lady Fritz, ct d ma trcx rhim el belle Cordelia. Loos. Qi'KiiKf, .\f,i!j 3, 1783. Dear General : I hope my last letter has safely reached you. There is no news except we arc expecting the ships hourly. I sec that you arc of^en engaged in llshing. Here there arc no tish whatever. Catch me two or three gold tish and pack them up for me. If they cost anything, I will pay it ; if not, so much the hetter. In any case they shall be eaten to your health. The premier is daily expected. He is said to he extremely attentive to the French in Montreal, which greatly pleases the English. L(K)H. ' Loos's housulcueper. ♦ 22fi OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS ItELATlNO il- ls: QuKUEC, Mitji 20, 1783. Diiir (Iciipral: A sliip IVdin liivorpool tinivcil nl Pic on llio IHtli iiist., bciuiiif; a (lisimtch to OciuTiil Ilaldiiusuul. A nitrclianl, by tlic nniiK' of Hlinw icaclu'd here ycstcrdiiy. You will sec tlmt a new ininistry liiis bt'cn tbrnicd. The coniinons ami the people liavc done It! When tlic news of the loss of St. Kill's arrivetl there, every body was excited and exclaimed, " Another ministry or no kinu;!" This helped. Sir (Uiy Carleton has been appointed commander in chi(;f, and takes Clinton's place. Major Williams is in eonunand of the artillery in New York. Thus, ^Ir. Hean remains here. v At the time of Shaw's departure it was rumored that s't fiihnln rem cxt. Jlinorca is lost ! Oli dear! New York, it is said, will be the place d\irme» ; and everything is on the defensive. The English are about to leave the islands. Many transports are comint; from Enj^land to New York aiul this jilace. What say yon to all this? Viiltieoun in>lr<' jitnUii ! Durinij,' the last four days I have been very sick with fever. I had forty iiassM^es in sixteen hoiu's ! but Dr. Berens has made me better. How is Lady Fritz '< God preserve you both and your dear family. ********* Have you heard anything of the German or Hanoverian troops coining over here '! AV'rite me about it. Now don't mismulerstand me. I mean to say, that Hnldimand is so in love with his Quebec garden and Montmorency, that I am surprised at his long stay in iMoutreal. It is said that several English ships arc at Gueph. I mistrust I shall have to go to New York with my three companies. Victory I There are three hundred pipes of Madeira at Guiph. It'll be cheap now ! Give Murray the commission : he understands it. I kiss the hand of Lady Fritz, and the underlip of Iklla Rosa. A thousand compliments to your children and Major Dorc (Cleve). Loos. Quebec, May 27, 1783. Dear General » * * The ship Bellona, on which were letters and silver for me from London, ra-.i on a rock near St. Roc, twenty leagues from here, and sunk in tivc minutes. Six sailors were TO any. /{IKOmK/.'S CAMI'AKIN. (Irowncil ; tlio rest saved themselves llie best tliey could. It is hoped the letters mid several other things will he siived. Fiv(! more ships from Kiirope will arrive here this divy. The I'dndoni, which nccom- panies a traiisporl with (iermaii troops, soon al\er leavin;r Maliltix, met a ship of twenty-two guns, atta('ked and ea|)tnred i(. She returns with the transport for repairs, and will jtroliahly, therefore, not be here bi fon^ June. An (^.xjjress messenger from Halifax brought this news to us to-day. Now tell me, arc these German troop,s from Brunswick? Perhaps they are my two conii)anies, which arc expected. If this is the ease, they must, in pursuance of orders from the premier, ^o to Sorel without stopping here. I iiavc protested against it. The regiment ought not to be (livid(;il in lliis way. I hope, with you, that we shall be at home in a year. Your faithful IjOOH. P. S. — Who gives the dinner on the tburth of Junc^ ' at (iuel)ec V Dear ( tcneral : » # tii!KHKC, June 115, 1783. * The premier went to Montmorenci this afternoon. The city was illuminated in the evening,'^ cm whidi occasion the sailors threw stones in the windows of the Frencit whose hou.se8 were not lighted up. I am anxiously awailing your arrival on the l!)th instant; and I otfer you my (piarter.; during your soldier's tour. I shall consider it the greatest honor if my friend will accept of them. My respeois to Lady Fritz, and the rest of your dear ones, Cordelia, of course, inchidccl. Loos. In Camp moak Poi.nt Lkvi, ,/«/// i;{, 1783. Cher ami : Your dear letter of the Hii. re ,■ Ueri nie. (mly Thursday morning. I inclose a copy of my letijr (<> . • ;'r"mier, and expect from you cither approbation or ceuriiic. /I i> alrcdy nuiiled, but as j et I have received no answer. I am contented i', my can. p. I have in a farm house, besides;! good view, a nice room, bedroom, kitchen and stable. Hut no one ' Thu king's birtl'.day. '•I Probal)ly iu liniiur oi tlic iitory of Uoduey and lioclover Admiral Grasae. 228 OFFICIAL DOCVMENTS RELATINO gets anytliing to cat. Bankruptcy is declared. Tlic dear God keep every one from becoming a nnijor general in Canada ! Unless tlic l)remi(>r comes tirst, 1 siian't call on him, even if I sliould stay hens six hundred thousand years. A bad (luarri'l, liowever, for a courtier. Your auditor has a droll \va^ of getting a wife ! Adieu. [iOOB. P. S. — Kreuzburg will tell you tlie news regarding the ten thalers per deserter ; both auditors of the dilfercnt nationalities will have trouble. We, however, have nothing to do with it. Those two and our sovereigns must settle it between them. PotNT Lkvi, Sept. 20, 1782. Cher ami : I thank you very much for the news, but 1 still believe we shall have peace. The tiring of the pelotons ought most certainly to liavc been stopped at once ; but the terniiu was too small, and I was obliged to give Rauschenblatt time to retreat, and it was therefore necessary that I lie tiring on that spot should not be interrupted. The main thing in executing such mana'uvres, arc quick evolutions, rapid movements, good positions, turnings, strategy, (tUigiiementu, and marching. Firing makes only noise, and amuses the unmilitary sjiectators. I have another manreuvre which I intend showing to the premier, who, bj' the way, to the astonishment of every body, is polite, when he conies here. I will send it to you when tinished. Tlie growler, however, will not allow us to have huts, but the com- manders will send in a remonstrance which I will hand him with my remarks. Only think, of having tents which have already served three staiimers, no straw, a little wood, and no blankets ! Camaraska, will, in all probability, be my winter quarters. AVhat is your opinion in regard to your light and fuel in winter? Can I not demand a proper house suitable to my rank? I perfectly agree with you on the matter of subordination, and I rejoice we think so much alike. Loos. 19 Odohci: C'licrnmi: iMy oxen, sheep, cattle, iiigs, capons, and ducks were killed for breakfast, on Tluirsday. It was good weatlier. Tlie guests — but read the text in the Bi!)le. I cannot nudvc any mana'uvres at present, TO QEN. nWDESEVS VAUVAIGM. 229 as tho territory is all iiiuler water. I must Iiavc a liouse correspond- ing' with ni3' rank; otherwise, I shall forcibly take one and get myself again into trouble. Loos. P. 8.— Answer me. It is damnable that the old fellow' should make a secret of the winter quartere. This causes me a loss of sixty piasters, which I have to pay to Madame Lanandierc, according to contract, for house hire per quarter. Duke Ferdinand had secrets, too, but he furnished free quarters. It is easy for you to laugh ; you live in your manor house at 8orel, free and easy like a * * * Cai'k St. Ionack, Nuvembcr 4, 1783. Glisr (imi : I will brierty inform you tiiat 1 am in quarters here; also, that to my sorrow, all my most valuable elfects were covered with sand and mud during the last storm between the first and second. The sliip stranded ; and I have now no dry bed, clothing or shirts. All my winter supplies are destroyed, and I have, therefore, nothing to cat. ^ly sugar, tea and colFee are also entirely destroyed. Ritter and Jcannctte sit naked near the stove. This is all on account of the premier, who, without ruimii dc gmre, sends the troops into winter (piarters. Not a single year has passed that the soldiers have not lost their baggage. If there were any necessity for it, or if tho war, or other circiunstances, demanded it, d Id boime heure; but to imitate the German Frederick in Canada, is not only ridiculous but cruel. Who pays the poor subaltern for his losses? The farmers howl, too, because, owing to the terrible! roads, their horses, harnesses, carts and everything else go to the devil. It cannot be on account of economy, for the government has to |)ay for t'e stranded vessels. For tlie regiment of Lossberg, alone, it must pa, i,)r two, to say nothing of the regiments Zerl)st and Ilanau, nor oF'i.c expenses for wood consumed at the camp at this late season of M>e year. I am laeiancholy, and gaze with sad (!yes at my once beautiful t.iuiigs I have nothing to eat either, at least not much. My respects to Ludy Fritz. I hope her confinement will terminate happiij' with a son. To the children one hundred thousand compliments. LoosriTS, Misantropos. • Tlic premier, HuMimntid, also called l)y onv friend Loot?, '• tlio growler."- lYamlator. •I 230 OFFICIAL DOVVMUNTS ItELATING St. Iunace, November 10, 1782. 3Iy dearest Frientl : I have only to-day received your dear letter of the 4th inst. I congratuhitc you, with all my lieart, on the liappy confinement of dear Lady Fritz. I sliould have given a great deal for tlie lionor of being able to name a male heir, and to have had him renounce tlie devil end liis crew tliroiigh me. * * * *. now much would I not enjoy the lionor of paying you a visit ; but the dreadfully bad roads and a hundred other circumstances will not permit me this pleasure. I take the liberty, therefore, to request my chamberlain. Captain Von Pf>^llnitz, to represent me on the occasion. My name is Johann Augu You have an Augusta How would the name of Jeannette or Lo, '^ * ■•■iver r Choose one of the two. Want of time w... [i. .I'nt my writing to Poellnitz myself. This letter must suffice. i.\\ ■•iress has no time to lose, as the nuiil goes to-morrow. I close, hoping iluit mother and daughter are doing well, and are favorably inchned toward their servant. I will attend to my godchild, and will not forget the litile ring. I trust slie will be as pure and virtuous as her father. God be with you. Loos. St. Ionace, Kov. 24, 1782. Dearest Friend : I have received your dear godfather letter. I thank you very much for this honor; and since you are the executor of my will,3'ou may know that I have willed to my godchild, one hundred Louis d'or for a ring or earrings. I say expressly a ring as a lasting keep- sake, for it dtx's not break easily, and, in case of necessity, can be pawned to Jew or Christian. I hope you and Lady Fritz will not thiidi badlj' of me for not making the sinn more. But since every one is bound to cut me down, 1 must cut down too. Pastor Mylius,' also, is too good an apostle to take more than his sainted colleague, John. He took for ^ach baptism wild honey and locusts, and I will send him (Mjiius), the same next spring. Ad in- terim, give him a jiieco of fried veal, for I owe it to him. Dear Miss Augusta as godmother, shall have from Caldwell's garden the little flower, forget-me-not, for which she is to give me a powder bag of (?r(/7) (?'((/Yy<'«(* embroidered with gold. Midwives, and all servant girls in certain delicate situations, sliall receive salt provisions for (iciiornl Uii'deKcrs family dmplaln.— TVa/wfa^or. TO GKX. RIEDESEVS CA.VPAIOX. 281 five days, tlirough my scale master, for which they sliall pay the customary price ; aud tlius, every body is attended tc, and my gene- rosity is establislicd. Wliat is the news from the enemy ? Answer soon. Tout d muH, Loos. St. Ionace, Dec. 2, 1783. Dear General : I am dry. My sourkrout, cabbage, sugar, coffee, etc., are all gone to the devil. I presume you hav^e received my last letter. Here is a list of tlie officers at the time of their being in camp near Wincliestor, and while in quarters at Andover. It lias occupied me six liours ; and I am certain it is correct, unless I have made a mistalie about your troops ; the little Schimmel and Mi.ss Dans con- fused me. Do not fail to inform me liow tlie dispute terminates. From the bottom of my soul I wish Lady Fritz a speedy recovery. I send her and Miss godmotlier my best respects. But what have I done to my beautiful Fritz that she does not speak of me V Adieu, Loos. If any of you doubt the correctness of tlie list I will bet him wliat he likes ; but Kospath and Mandorf will explain it. The Cape, March 37, 178!J. Dear (.Jenerul : I received your letter of tlie 9tli instant, on my return from my tour to tlie Ilanau regiment. I would have undertaken a journey from Laubisniere over Platoii to Quebec, or any other place desig- nated by you, but think of tlie awful bother ' of a week ago Wednes- day, the lOtli ; it not only destroyed tlie bridge, but overtook me between St. Croix aud Laubinier, so tliat I arrived at SchOlle lialf dead. Tunderfeld reported to me on my return, the news in regard to peace. This >>• very desirable news; but of wliat use is it, if tlic king of England wishes for it, and tlie otlier party [side] does not?'' ' The meaning of this word iR not clear. Probably it refers to the breaking up of the ice, or some similar catastrophe. ^ From this remarlc, as well as many others of a similar import in Riedescl's cor- respondence, it cannot bnl he observed that the Americans do not appear to havo been exhausted by tlieir seven years' war for independence. On the contrary, the opinion of their enemies seems to havo been that they were still fresli and perfectly williuK to continue the war unless brought to a close on their own terms. 282 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS IlELATINO I am not well, but feel badly all over. Send mc your plan of opera- tions, and do not forget to answer tlie points in my last letter. I am very sorry for your own ill liealtb, and hope you may soon recover, and with Lady Fritz, and your servant, may long enjoy ourselves in Europe. I bear of nothing new in my desert; if you hear of anything let me know. But once more, send me your plan of operations without fail. Loos. Jeannette and Hitter send their respects. Cape St. Icinace, April 1, 1783. Dearest Friend : The inclosed is a request by the granting of which you may earn an armchair, or, ^>ast, a bencli in Heaven, and by which, also, you will very miic-.ii oliiige Monseigneur and the whole theological faculty in Canada. Giant the petition if possible. There are a great many Thomases li'i'", who doubt that peace is at hand, and call the speech of the king bi):>i. W.ku vm you think of it? Loos. CLINTONS MEMORABLE UETUEAT FROM I'lIIl ADELPIHA TO NEW YORK, "IN THE YEAR 1778. [From the Journal.] The American papers finally furnish us witli a narrative of the splendid retreat of Sir Henry Clinton from Philadelphia to New York. General Washington and all Americans already believed that tliey had " IJurgoynized" tins army (as they are in the habit of expressing tliemselves in their public journals), and they tilled their glasses witli bumpers on account of the anticipated surrender of Clinton's army. Tiiey l)oasted of their laurels, and congress in its resolution of the 7th of Julj', cannot sufticiently praise the bravery and activity of General Washington at tlie important victory over the Englisli near Monmouth Court House. But the retreat of General Clinton was really great, and resulted happily with little loss ; while the Americans, on the otiier hand, do not themselves knoAv which of their commanders did his duty. The court martial, however, which atlerwards sat upon the American major general, Lee, soon placed tlie matter in a brighter light ; and confusion, equivocal con- TO QKN. KIKDEHEVS VAMPAION. 2H8 duct, irresolution niul a nianu'uveringwitliout purpose were sliowu to liave cluiracterizetl tlic ooiuluct of most of tlie American commanders, for all of which Major General Lee had to pay with iiis honor hy being suspended from his command for a whole year. EXTRACT FROM A LETTER OF MAJOR (iEXERAL PHILLIPS TO LOUD GEORGE GERMAIN, DATED CHARLOTTESVILLE, IN THE COLNTY OF ALBERMARLE, VIRGINIA, MARCH 20, 177!). I take the liherty of going beyond the limits, allowed me by your lordship, to i)uhlicly acknowledge in my report, the good conduct of the Gennan troops (under the command of Major General Von Hied- esel), in the service of his majesty. The conduct of the otlicers and soldiers was exemplary, and they are to be respected as faithful com- panions, in misfortune, of their comrades, tlie English soldiers, during the manifold changes in their unfortunate situation. I have found in General Kiedesel the greatest possible attention to the duties of his position. He was always the same in his care for his German troops, in maintaining order, and in keeping up harmony and good fellow- ship between tlie English and German troops. In short, he was thoroughly indnied witli tlie duties of his majesty's service. LETTER FROM THE HESSIAN GENERAL VON L08SBERG TO GENERAL VON RIEDESEL. Mounis House, Dec. 8, 1780. Your honor's letter reached me safely ycisterday ; and I herewith tender you my sincere thanks for the intelligence which you have so kindly communicated to me. According to the news here, General Washington has left his head quarters at Totowa, and the rel)el army its camp between the Passaic and the Ilackinsack rivers, and have marched seven miles over AVest Point into winter (piarters, where the army is to build huts in the mountains between Newburgh and Wilmanton. The head quarters are at Windsor. I have not as yet been able to obtain any reliable information of the corps of General Stark, whether it has gone back to West Point, or whether part of it is .still at Pishkill. But tiiis much is certain, that no portion of this corps is now in our vicinity. According to intelligence received here day before yesterday from Horse-neck, there are not more than one hundred and fitly militia at tliat place, mflBR 234 OFFICIAL IJOVVMENTS UELATINa who lire couimnndert by a certain Colonel Wels, a sliocninker. Colonel Shelton, however, has no definite place for his liead qnarterH. At times he is with a detaelnnent, and ajiain all of liis men are at Points Bridge, Nortli Castle, Helford, Kiiigstreet, and Ilorse-neek, which forms, as it were, the junction of the North and East rivers. Occasionally, also, his patrols comt; as far as East Chester. I shall consider it a pleasure to communicate to your honor every item of news wliieh readies me, that I may at the same time, manifest the higli esteem, etc. L008HKIUI. BXTUACT FKOM A LETTER WUITTEN BY CJENEUAL RIEDESEI, TO GENERAL PJIILLII'S UPON THE MANNER IN WHICH ENGLAND SHOULD CARRY ON TUK WAR AGAINST UEK COLONIES. BnooKLYN, Mnreh 20, 1781. '^ * * I believe, also, tliat four battalions could be obtained from Mechlenberg-Sehwerin and one; from Strelitz with wincli to reenforce tlie troops in America; and the war might tlien be continued liere in tlie way which I proposed to you in my memoir rom Cambridge. Tliat is, to estal)li8h three or four posts in sucli a manner tliat the Americans — who from lacli of knowledge and the necessary material cannot undertake a regular siege — will be power- less to capture them. They must, moreover, be (constantly annoyed by successive expeditions, and not be permitted to establish fastnesses in (lie interior of the country. Such a warfare would force the rebels to have armies all over ; their expenses would be increased ; their resources w(nild come to an end ; discontent would increase in pro- portion to want ; and, seeing that they were the dupes of the Euro- pean pow(!rs, their eyes would open, and tliey would rather rest satisfied with an unfavorable result than be the foot-ball of ambitious powers who are only looking after their own interests. But to make this plan successful, new arrangements would have to be instituted in Canada. The different posts on the lakes, Niagara, etc., would have to be reenforced by at least two tliousand men, and detachments of from five to six hundred men, under thoroughly competent leaders, would have to be stationed on the Ohio. Indians also, would have to be added to these detachments, to whom sliould be given a carte blanche, witliout restrictions, to do whatever they pleased in the rear of the colonies, tlirougliout Virginia and Pemisyl- vania. This plan, altliough it may seem cruel, will nevertheless I^ TO OEN. ItlKnmKVS <'A.WI'A10N. 286 liave to be carried out in tlie present situation. Panic would tlius i)e increased among tlie rebels; tliey woidd l(!ave tliose regions, and tlicir beautiful settlements would be destroyed. Tlieir army would soon be in want of subsistence, and with their front harrassed by our troops from the sea side, and their rear exposed to the incursions of the savages, no oilier course would be left to tliem than to submit to the victors. I sincerely trust the Indians will not be obliged to fight, for whenever the rebels shall oppose them with any force they will all run away, and fall buck on the regulars behind them. These wild men love this kind of warfare, for so long as their natural coarse tastes are satisfied they care little for anything else. They will soon enrich themselves with booty, and rcigai'i the respect which they enjoyed during the rule of the French. I well know that a warfare of this kind seems cruel, but it is to be e.vcused by the fact that order and the public weal will thereby be establislied. It will also be necessary to rally all the Indians from the interior of Canada, and undertake a grand expedition in the direction of Ticoiideroga during harvesting. A portion of the expedition must be pushed down as far as the German Flats to destroy the crops, grain, provi- sions, cattle and the mills; for it is notorious that Washington's army draws a large part of its subsistence from this section. These detach- ments must always be recalled into Canada in the winter. Let the militia take care of Great Britain; let your fleets act prudently ; maintain a defensive and judicious warfare in America for a few successive years, and by j'II means avoid a defeat, and you shall see that the rebels will soon give up such a burdensome war, and come to an advantageous peace. You, it is true, shall gain nothing but lasting glory, dearly bought by the backwardness, inde- cision and want of harmony of your ministers, and by the bad man- agement of the troops which were intrusted to generals who were not fitted for such an exalted position, either by their merits or experience, but obtained it solely by ir.rtuence at home. Should America see that firmness on the part of England — for which she was formerly characterized — she, of all the powers now engaged in war, would soonest make peace ; or, in case her stubborn- ness has taken too deep root, she would herself fall, after all the others had settled their quarrels. You will have perceived by my sentiments that I disapprove of all the lengthy and extensive movements of Lord ('ornwallis. Our army is too weak to hold so large a tract of land ; and we are thus forced to scatter ourselves too widely whenever we go into the interior of t!ie country. The conseciuence is, tliat we hazard and receive defeats, without obtaining a recompense for our losses. The moment the 30* w 236 OFFICIAL DOVVMENTS RELA TINO enemy attempts nnything in one direction, we slioiild full buck and strike another coup in another quarter. The post at Portsmouth is well selected, and is necessary; hut it sliould be placed in a condition strong enough to withstand an attack without needing support from the water, while, at the same time, our fleet should also be of sufticient strength to frustrate all attemi)ts upon our posts from the sea. I should like to propose the placing of another post at Falmouth, which has a splendid harbor, and lies between Boston and Penobscot. From this place you could tit out expeditions against the provinces of Hampshire and Massachu- setts ; and we could then, also, endeavor to retake Uhode island as soon as reenforcements arrived from Europe. Nor will this be impossible when the French fleet shall have sailed thence, and our own fleet becomes stronger. You may laugli at my views, but you yourself desired that I should communicate them to you ; and I have now fultillcd the wishes of a friend, who, I am convinced, will not make an improper use of them. I am, etc, RlEDESKI,. CORRKSPONDENCE OF GENERAL RIEDESEL WITH WASHINGTON AND GATES. General Riedesel to Oenerul Washimjton. Sir: Cambuidge, Jan. 11, 1778. Major General Gates, having, at the request of his e.tcellency. Lieutenant General Burgoyne, exchanged a certain number of pri- soners of war for an equal number of the Continental army, and being farther required to exchange a proportionable number of Ger- man otflcers, who were made prisoners of war, said, "he could not enter upon any exchange of the German troops, without an express order from congress." I have too high an opinion of your excellency's justice, to believe you would make any distinction between the troops of dittcrent nations engaged in the same cause, and I am persuaded you will grant the same indulgence to the prisoners of war of one party, which you do to the other, in every respect ; but, particularly, in tliat of a fair and equal exchange. I therefore request that you will allow a number of the German officers of General Burgoyne's army, pri- TO a EX. RIEDESEVS VAMPAtO/f. 287 Boner>of Wftr, to be exchanged in proportion to tlie number of Hritish offlcf.rs exchnngetl by General Gates; and as the olllcers of General Burgoyne's family, and those of General Phillips have been exchanged, though included in the convention, I request that the same indulgence may be granted to my suite. A return of their names, and of the offlcers made prisoners of war during the campaign is inclosed herewitli. I have the honor, etc., lltKUE8EL, Major General. Oeneml Wnshinfjtoti to Oemrtd likdenel. Hkad Quakteks, Vallky Foudu, .)fa>rJi 31, 1778. Sir: It is sometime since I was honored with yours of the 11th of Janu- ary, to which I should have replied sooner, had I not been obliged to wait for an answer from General Gates upon the subject of your letter. He says you never applied directly to him for the exchange ofyourself or any German offlcers, either of your family or the corps; but that he was told in Albany, that you and Major General Phillips had separately applied to Sir William Howe to be exchanged for General Lee, and had been answered, that as General Prescott had been first taken, he must be first exchanged. I imagine, from the foregoing, that General Gates must have misunderstood you, as he says he should have had no objection to excliange the foreign as well as the British officers. Commissioners from me are now negotiating a general exchange of prisoners with commissioners from Sir William Howe. If they agree upon terms, I shall not have the least objection to exchiinge a proportion of foreign as well as British officers. But you will please to observe that this is a matter which depends solely upon Sir William Howe's pleasure ; as he has a right to demand such olHcers as he thinks proper, for an equal luunber of equal rank. I should suppose, however, that justice to his allies would point out the equity of an impartial exchange. I am, etc., Geo. WAsniNGTON. 238 OFFICIAL DOCVUESTS JIKIA TINO Qeverul JtialiMcl to Mnjor (itninil GuifM. Hir; C'AMiiijiudK, Noi\ 21, 1778. llavin^; Haltered myself from duy to day tlmt I should lmv(( the pleiisuie of seeiiip; you at Candiridjie, I liave ileferred writlnjf you to felicitate you on your safe arrival at Moston ; and I sliould not luive failed of seizing; llie first opportunity of walliny upon you, had I not heen prevented l)y an order, wiiieh has l)een in force ever sinco we have l)ecn liere, tliat no otHccr of the convention Hhouldhu allowed tu go into lioHton. Ah tlic alfairs in relation to money, widcli have detained mc here, are now settled, and as I intend to set out in a few days, I rc(iuc8t tlie favor of heing allowed with Madame Hiedesel, to go to Boston to take leave of you and Mrs. tlales, and to return you numy tluinks for tli(! civilities you liave .slu)wn mc ever since I had tlic pleasure of nn\king your «c(|uainlance. I must once more have recourse to your goodness, by rctiucsting your assistance in making the long journey we are to undertake as easy to ^fadame Hiedesel, myself and family, as possihle. ' I take tlie lilierty of reiiuesting an otlleer to conduct Madame Hiedesel upon tin; road, and a guard to escort mv' baggage, and tliat of the persons belonging to tlie general staff of those Ihunswick troops wlio are still here, and are to accompany /ne. I beg of you to give a written reciuisition to tlie olllcer, in order tliat we may be supi)lied w iih good (piarters on the road, and may receive provisions at (lie places wliere they were issued to the troops upon tlioir march. Vou will know bow far this olliccr and escort can accompany us; and I beg of yon lo write to the ne.\t governor or commander, where this olliccr will be relieved, reiiuesling liim to grant mc another, as well as carts ; and that 1 may meet w itli the same accommodations, as those which you arc so good as to allow mc. Yon will judge whetlier I shall longer require a passport, signed witli your name. Wlien I left Albanj', you were so obliging as to give us a Colonel Sprout, who accompanied Madame Hiedesel a little waj', and showed her everj^ possililc attention ; and I should consider myself under double obligations to you, sir, if you would send an olllcer with Madame Riedcsel, whose behavior and sentiments shall correspond with those of Colonel Sprout. >[ajor Hopkins, deputy (piarter master general, acquainted me before his departure, tliat Scpiirc Watson of Cambridge, had orders to furnish me with carts, and that the number was fl.xed by Major TO OKU. lilKDHSh'L'S VAJUJ'AIGN. 289 (Ifiu'ral Ilciitli bt't'ori' your iirriviil. I will, ilaTcroiv, not troiihU) you on tlilA point. Ah all niy InmincHs is Hcltlcd, I intend, if you Imvi' no olijiicliou, to Hft out hence on Friday next, the 2(Jth innt., and arrive the huiuo day at VVorecHter. I purpose; Hendin^? away my haKK^KL" <>" Wednes- day, which can easily reach VVorcester in three ilays. Friun Wor- cester I shall continue my journey, retaining tht- l)ag)!;"K<' eonstantly by m((. I should be particularly obliged, if you would allow the officer wiio conducts Madame Kiedesel, and the guard lor tlio baggage, to be here by Tuesday evening or Wednesday morning. Madame Uiedesel desires to join with me In compliments to Mrs. Gates and yourseH I have the honor, etc., UiKUESKL, Mi\]or General. Geiiinil Uiedesel to Af<{jirr Oeneral Oaten. Essex Couwt IIouhe, January 2, 1771). Sir: After innumerable difficulties and fatigues, I urrivd here yesterday witli Madame Kiedesel and our little family in goml health. Colonel Troup leaves me here, and proceeds to ]\Iorristown. General Lord Stirling, who commands at Middle-Broolt, in the absence of his excel- lency, General Washington, has been so obliging as to semi me a Captain Browne, who is to accompany me to Virginia. Allow me, sir, to return you once more my most sincere thanks for your kindness, in sending Colonel Troup with me. I cannot sufficiently speak of the politeness and attention he has shown Madame Uiedesel and myself on the journey, and the trouble he gave himself to alleviate the difHculties, which naturallj' and unavoii'ably occur upon such a long journey. Madame Riedesei begs leave to join me in offering her best eon\- pliments to Mrs. Gates, and in wisliing her and you all possible health and happiness. I have etc., KuiDESEL, Major General, Sir: Oeneral Riedcnel to Oeneral Washington. CoLLK, near Charlottesville, February 10, 1779. The great obligations which I am under to Captain Browne, who will have the honor of delivering this letter to your excellency, is the 240 OFPWIAL DOCUMENTS ItKLA TINO (KTiision oC my taking tlic libcrly to rwoimiiciul him U> your nxccl- Iciioy. Tills ofllcor was appointed l)y Lord Htirlinjj; to accompany myself and family to the place of our destination in Virginia. Tlic great, care lie took in i>rocnring us the best acconmiodatious and conveniences upon tlu^ road, and his attention and endcuivors to render the long journey as litll(' Iryinr, as p()ssil)le to Madame Uiod- esel and to m(', (;all for my highest acknowledgments; and although the recommendation of an o(lie<'r, l)y one who is engaged on the opposite side of the great cause in dispute, ought to havi; no weight, yet the well known scntimeniK of generosity and hunumity, which your excellency has testilled on so many occasions, enco\irage mo to recommend ('a))tain Hrowne to your . xcellency's notice and pro- tection. Captain Browne can actpiaint your excellency with the variouH dillhuhies \\{\ encountered, the scarcity of everything upon the road, the ciiormous price of every article, and the ungenerous and inlunnan seutinuMils of people at ditfercnt places. Captain Browne can likewise inform your excellency of the present mc^laneholy situation of the convention troops; which, howev(^r, was much worse ui>on their first arrival at this phKie. When tlu^y first Hiached here, they foMud a few hiiildiugs, barracks in uj:f;iige of my family to Kli/,ivl)L'tlilo\vn, I liivving, !ih yon, wir, iiiuHt liiivc been iippiiscd, tukon the route lu-fore, iu coinimny with Major GciutmI PliiliipH. Tlie great civrewhidi Mr. Itaiulolphhiwtiiken to render tlie Jonrney as pleiisant as poHsil)le to Die ollioerH of my suite, the politenesH he liaH Bliown to tliem, and the exactneHS with whieh Iu; haH exeented liiH orders, eall for my henl acknowledjinuMitH, and liavo indueed me to mention lliis genllennin to your excelleney. I will not enter upon the siibjeet of my detention, aH Major General PhillipHlias written to yomexeelleney, and niimt have fully explained, with his own, my sentiments ;;j>or. that ad'iiir ; but tlu^ ijleiisinj:; pro- spect I had of going to New York was heightened, from it becoming in a manner ne(;essary to my health (which has lately been declining imder a slow fever), which change of clinuite alone; will cure. My disappointment is in jiroporticm to the flattering prospect 1 liad of visiting my friends. Your excelleney may therefore judge how severely I must feel upon returning, iu my presciut stale of health, to Vir;jinia, where I am certain my health must sutler from the climate. 1 have the honor to be, with the greatest personal respect, etc., KiKDKHKL, Major General. Bir: General Wanhinr/tonto General Riedesd IIicAT) QuAUTKHs, We8T Point, Oct. 23, t77{>. I liave had the honor to receive your letter of the 12th by Mr. Ran- dolph. It gives me pleasure to learn that this young gentleman's attentions, dtiring your journey, has been such as to deserve your approbati(m. I beg leave to refer you to my letter to Major General Phillips for my answer to his request in your favor. I symi>athi/.e with your poor state of health, and very sincerely wish an alteration for the better, which I hope will result from your change of situation. I am, etc., Gico. Wasiiinoton. I -m 242 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS JtELATlNO Gemral liiedesel to Oeiwrol WashiiixiUm. Sir: Bkthlkiikm, Oct. 20, 1779. ft Yesterday evening I was honored witli your excellency's letter of the 33d of October, in answer to niine sent by Mr. Randolph ; and Major General Phillips lias communicated to me that part of your letter to liim whicii concerns mc. I return your excellency my warmest thanks for the interest you take in my indisposition, and am persuaded that whenever my disagreeable situation can be changed, everything will be done by you to forward it. Your excellency mentions, in Major General Phillips's letter, that I might represent the ill state of my healtli to the American congress ; but when 1 consider that the solo motive which determined mc to midertake the very long journey from Charlottesville to Ellza- bethlown, was a letter from your excellency to Colonel Bland — the contents of which he conmiunicated to me — I place my whole confidence and dependence entirely upon your excellency, under whose immediate directions I conceive mjself to be. These reasons, also, were my inducements to take the liberty of giving you a faithful description of the total change in my health ; and I am convinced that whenever your excellency may think proper to make a repre- sentation of these facts to the American congress, setting forth the circumstances which I have mentioned, it would have much greater weight, and, indeed, could not fail of success, than any address from an individual to the American congress, a body to whom I am unknown. It is through your excellency's kind intentions that I am in this place, and as the very impaired state of my health is now known to to you, I cannot, sir, doubt your generous sentiments in procuring me permission to go into New York, at least for so long a time as may be necessary to reestablish my health ; for which I shall always consider myself under great obligations to your excellency. I have, etc., RiEDESEii, Major General. Qeneral Siedescl to General Wdshington. • Brooklyn, April, 1781. Sir: Several German officers of the Saratoga convention, having applied to me to be exchanged on account of their particular private affairs, I made a requisition, accordingly, upon Major General Phillips to propose such a thing to your excellency. In answer to my rcciuest , TO OEN. IlIEDESb'Va VAil/'AIOIf. 24:$ "!,v Qcucral Phillips comnuinicatcd to me your letlef of the 2r)th of January, to liis excellency, Sir Henry Clinton, in which the proposed change made by Major General Phillips to you, "sir, on the 2;Jd of Dec(^niber last, is agreed to, and, consequently, involves in it those German oiHcers who were included in proposition, though not nomi- nated at that time. In consequence of your excellency's acquiescence in this measure, I delivered to Major General Phillii)s a list of those oiBcers for whom I begged the exchange, which, he assures me, has been forwarded in his last proposals made between the British and American com- missary generals of i)risoner8 on the ad of March. As all the British officers, for whom Major General Phillips a?ked an exchange, have already arrived without one German ofHcer being included in their numl)er, I presume the before mentioned list has not reached your excellency; for I am convinced that you, sir, would be guided by the same impartiality toward one nation as another. I therefore take the liberty of repeating Major General Phillips's request, that you would have the goodness to exchange the German olllcers nientioned in said list (a copy of which I herewith inclose), and to give your orders for those gcuitlemen to be sent to New York. Major Meiborn, of my dragoon regiment, and Ensign Meiborn, of my infantry regiment, belonging to the troops of his serene highness, the duke of Brunswick, having been made prisoners of war a few days since on Long island, I shall attribute it all to your excellency's kindness, if these two officers are permitted to come to New York on parole. The infirm state of Major Meiborn's health claims parti- cular attention, and I sliall make use of every interest in my power, with his excellency general, Sir Henry Clinton, to procure the i)er- mission for their exchange, if your excellency will please give your approbation. I am, etc., ItiKDKSKi., Major General. "I Sir: General Washington to Gcnrral Ilki . mv.^i: 2m OFFICIAL DOC'UMBiVTS liULATINO V-, six frigates to protect tlie const from nil hostile attacks from the sea- board. 2cl. A corps of eight battalions with the proper artillery, and about eighty mounted ytigers or volunteers on Rhode island. This island would have to be better fortified than at present ; and tlic city of Newport, or another better situated post also fortified that it could not be taken without a regular siege of two months. This latter post to be likewise protected by a ficet of one; ship of the line and three frigates, under the conunand of a commodore. Ud. To obtain possession of a post ))etween Newport and Halifax, either in the vicinity of Portsmouth, not far from New Castle island, or in ti»e Kasko or Kenncbeck bay. The main thing in the selection of such a post is, a good safe harbor, and suitable ground on which to construct a fort suflieiently strong, not only to defend the harbor, but to resist for a time any assault by land. Four regiments, with l)roper artillery, and fifty volunteers or n\ounted dragoons, should be stationed in the fortifications. Three frigates, under a commodore, should also protect the harbor. 4lh. Halifax, the dock yard of North America, should be protected by four regiments, and a ileet of four frigates and two ships of the line. 5tii. The two capes, south of New York, viz : Charles and Henry, should be fortified, or, still better, two strong forts further up the Chesapeake, in tiie vicinity of tJloucester or Hampton, should be built and fortified to withstand a siege. For this purpose ten regi- ments and one hundred horses, with proper artillerj', will be required to cover these fortifications and keep the Chesapeake clear. Two ships of the line and six frigates will also be ne(!essary. Oth. To defend the coast completely, and before adopting this plan, Charleston, in South t'iirolina, must be taken by a well sujiportcd expedition. It should be well fortified, so that it can be held by a garrison of four regiments, fitly horse and proper artilUMy, until it can he sui)ported from another direction. A ship of liie line and three frigates will ct>ver the harbor and fortifications. 7th. Savannah, or another post in Georgia, to be fortified and manned by thirty regiments, fifty horse and the proper artillery, and to be protected by one ship of the line and three frigates. Hth. St. Augustina, in Florida, to be defended by two regiments with the proper artillery and two frigates. Jttli. A tleel of observation of four ships of the line and six frigates under an admiral, six regiments, one hundred horse and the proper artillery to be in constant readiness to undertake expeditions into TO GEN. UIEDKHEL-S CAMPAIGN. 267 the soiitliern portions of America, and reenforce tliose posts in case of an hostile attaci;. lOtli. A similar fleet to operate against the northern provinces. The entire effective force in America, after manning the above named placets and fortifying them, \v(mld be as follows : iNFANTKY. Cavalbv. AnTiL- I-EBY. SlIII-S OF TUB Line. FUIQATEa. New York, Between I{lindcl><- liuid and Ilaltfax, . Newport, Hnlilnx, Chewipeakc Bay, . . Charleston, liattaliom. 21 4 8 4 10 4 3 2 C Men. 600 50 80 100 50 100 100 Companies. 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 (i 3 3 4 U 3 3 St. AngMslina, Soutliorn C'orpn of oljiiervallon, Norlhcrn corps of observation 8 6 TOTAI-, 71 1130 18 19 41 Three bodies of savages, supported by rangers and volunteers, must constantly ravage and harrass the frontiers of the colonies from Niagara and Oswego, so that not only will the inhabitants of that fertile country be compelled to leave their plantations, but the enemy will be forced to maintain an army iii every province in addition to the large one operating against New York. The maintenance of these different coqis will soon cause, in every province, such a want of am- munition, provisions and money, that it will be impossible for them either to send supplies to the main army or support their connnou expenses by taxes. Expeditions, also, must at once be sent into those porfions of the country where it is foiuid that the enemy are asleep or his militia scattered; and stores, i)rovisious, catlle,and men lit for the .service must Ite carried off. These expeditions must be pressed until the enen\y is compelled to send troops from his main army while we arc operating. The general, who commands this expedition, must possess sound Judgment. He must never risk an ('<7/(r / neither should h(^ retreat until the object of the expedition is accoiniilished. .Vs soon, moreover, as the commanding general learns that the troops, having iu;com- plished their object, an; about to return, he must send out a new ex- pedition in an opposite direclion, whieli must be carried out with the same energy. I believe that four successive expeditions can l)c under- ■ 1 • 258 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS liELATINO taken during a j'car, two in a nortlierly and two in a soutlierly direction. As soon as tlic troops return from one expedition, tliey are to replace tliosc garrisons tliat have been weakened by furnisliing men for ex- peditions already out. The captured provisions, cattle, etc., arc to furnisli the garrisons with fresh supplies. In addition to tluisc large expeditions planned by the commanding general, tlie officer in command of a post is to carry on a constant skirmishing warfare in his vicinity, send now small detachments and now large ones, surprise the enemy here and there, by day and night. He should, especially, profit by the rough season of the year and the winter, at whicli times the enemy generally becomes careless. He should, also, make the most of the summer in harvesting time when the militia are forced to disperse to gather in their crops. By such a miniature warfare not only is the enemy compelled to keep a considerable corps of observation, but the garrisons have, at the same time, the advantage of being supplied with all kinds of fresh supplies. The inhabitants are likewise, by such a course, kept in con- stant fear and terror. Such little expeditions, also, would be greatly facilitated by having a certain number of cavalry added to each garri- son. Those inhabitants wV^, eithev by land or water, bring provisions to the garrisons, shouiu bo promptly and liberally paid in cash. Love of gain will therefore induce them to bring more supplies as well as news from the enemy, and the number of tories will also be increased. Such people, however, must never be allowed to enter the city, or go anywhere where they might discover the condition of the fort or garrison. But should all this fail to rouse Washington from his lethargj', and should it be his plan to have each province protect itself with its own militia, then we must prolong our expeditions and advance into the interior as far as the rivers will permit. We must then go into entrenched camp.s from which we can fit out new expeditions to devas- tate the level land as much as possible. This course not only will ruin the provinces, but the inhabitants will be very angry because Washingf on and congress refused to assist them ; yea, it will finally cause a si parat ion of the confed(!rate provinces. Should Washington, either of his own incliniition, or by the com- mand of congress, at the reciuesl of the sulfering provinces, make a general moveuu'ul with his army and send out such strong detach- ments as to weaken him, then our main army migiit make itself master of the highlands, and thus bring about the long desired sepa- ration between the northern and southern i rovinces But such a itiDVement shoidd not be unilertaken imtil NVu Ellington has shown TO OEN. JHEDESEL'S CAMPAIGN. 269 Ilia liand, ami his troops are too far away to support the post that is to 1)0 captured. Hut should it be Washington's plan to allow our troops to proceed unmolested on their expedition, widle, at th(! same time, he attacked one of our posts, the latter (as we have before shown), would l)e too well fortified to be taken by surprise, and could easily hold out until we came to its relief Having tlius placed the besieging army between two fires, we should either gain a comi)letc victory, or cap- ture the largest part of his heavy artillery and si(!ge train. I believe, also, that it would be a good idea to keep an eye upon those Americans who enter into our service as tories. They should never be allowed to be in one corps by themselves, but should be in- corporated into the English regiments. These men would thus com- uumd more respect by being in the company of national troops, and would love their king and regiment better; but in case of deserticjns, an entire corps would not be ruined. Regimental ollices should also be given to Americans of distinction, for the sake of creating emula- tion. Such a course might induce many from the provinces to join our army. Indeed, I feel confident that each infantry regiment, now serving in America, would thereby be increased to two battalions in a short time. Thus, most of our recruits could be obtained in America, and our own army strengthened in proportion as that of the Americans were weakened. In pursuing this policy, however, care should be taken to have our northern regiments filled with Americans from the south, and our southern ones with recruits from the north. It must be added, as a necessary part of the above programme, that the ministry of Great Britain must watch the steps which Franco takes in regard to America, and must endeavor to prevent her sending rcnforcements either for tlie army or navy. Should this, however, be impossible, then a force in proportion to that sent by France must be sent over at once to preserve the equilibrium of power. Judging by the knowleilge of America I acquired in traveling through it, 1 believe that a war carried tm in the way I have described, for two years, would so weaken the country, increase the war expenses, and make the farmer as well as the merchant so tired of it, that the Americans would surely accept the conditionsplfered by the crown. In case they acknowledged their dependence on England, everything they asked for could be granted, with the exception that England should keep the forts on tlie coast and in the interior garrisoned and placed in a better condition of defense. A considerable English licet woulil, also, have to be scattered near the different i)orts on the sea- board. 33* m. ^v 2G0 OFFICIAL novUMENTS It ELATING The above is and can be the only means of keeping this wonderfully growing nation dependent on the king; otherwise, it will outgrow the Englisli nation during the next century. IN8TKUCTIONS FOR LIEUTENANT COLONEL BAUME, ON A SECRET EXPEDITION TO THE CONNECTICUT UIVEU.' \The erasures %oere made by Oene- ml Burgoyne!'] The object of youi' expedition is to try the affections of the coun- try, to disconcert the councils of the enemy, to mount the Reidesel's dragoons, to complete Peters's corps, and to obtain large supplies of cattle, liorses and carriages. The several corps, of which the inclosed is a list, are to be under your command. The troops must take no tents, and what little baggage is carried by ofllcei-s must be on their own bat horses. You are to proceed by the route from Batten kill to Arlington, and take post there, so as to secure t/ie jmssfrom Manchester. You are to remain at Arlington till the de- tachment of the provincials, under the command of Captain Sher- wood, shall join you from the southward. You are then to proceed to Man- chester, where you take post so as to secure the pass of the moun- tains on the road from Mancliester to Hockingham ; lience you will detnch the Indians and light troops to the northward, toward Otter Amendments made by General Burgoyne, > This extract should be read in counoction with note 3 on page SGI of vol. i. ' The eniBurus uru printed iu italics, and the umeudmonts iu the opposite column. 3 <■ ■ ■■ t- TO OEN. lilEDESEVH VAMl'AlaX. 261 creek. On their return, anil also receiving intelligence that no ene- my is in force in the neighborhood of liockiiif/ham, (1) you will pro- ceed by the road over tlie moun- tains to Rockingham, where you will take post. This will be the most distant part on the expedi- tion. (2) You are to remain there as long as meesmry to fulfill tlie intention of the eximlition from t/ienec, (IJ) and you are afterwards to descend by the Connecticut river to Brattle- bury, rind from that place, by the quickest march, you are to return by the great road to Albany. During your whole progress, your detachments arc to have or- ders to bring in to you all horses fit to mount the dragoons under your command, or to serve as bat horses to tlie troops, tfiey are like- wise to bring in (4) saddles and bridles as can be found. (.'5) Your parties are likewise to bring in wagons and other con- venient carriages, witli as many draft oxen as will be necessary to draw them, and all cattle fit for slaugiitcr (milch cows excepted), which are to be left for the use of the inhabitants. Regular receipts, in the form hereto subjoined, are to be given, in all places where any of the abovementioned articles are taken, to such persons as have remained in their habitations, and otherwise complied with the terms of General Burgoyne's manifesto ; but no receipts to be given to such as are known to be acting in the service of the rebels. (0) (1) U})on tlw Connecticut river. (2) Ami must be proceeded upon witli caution, as you will have tlie defile of the mountains behind you, which miijht make a retreat difficult; you must therefore endeavour to be well informed of the force of t/ui ene- my's militiii in tlw neighboring country. Should you find it may ivith pru- dence l>e effected. (3) ichile t/ie Indiiins and light troops are detaclied up tlw river. (4) together with as nutny. (5) Tlw number of Iwrses re- quisite, besides tliose necessary for mounting (he regiment of dragoons, ought to be I'iiOO. If you can bring more for the use of the army, it will be so much tlw better. (0) As you will have with you 262 OFFICIAL DOVUMENTa ItELATINO ]xriioiin pcrffdly acqtiainkd irith the ahiliticn of the eouiitry, it may jH'rhnpH be ddnmhle to tax the neve- rid -HdrictH with the jwrtioM of the tuTtiral iirtidcH, c taken, to secure their folloiviny you the ensuiHf/ day. All jiossihle means aret/jlH! used to prevent plumleriny. As it isjtrobable that Captain /Sher- wood, who is already detached to the southward and will join you at Ar- lington, tvill drive in a considerable quantity of cattle and horses to you, you will therefore send in this cattle to the army, with a projyer detach- ment from Peters's corps to cover them, in order to disencumber your- self; but you must always keep the regiments of dragoons compact. The dragoons themselves must ride, and Utke care of the horses of th4i regiment. Those horses which are destined for the use of the army must be tied together by strings of ten each, in ortkr that one man may lead ten horses. You will give the unarmed vien of Peters's corps to conduct t/um, and inhaUtants whom you can trust. You must always take your camps in good pm'tion; but at the same time where there is jHisture ; and you must have a chain of sentinels round your cattle and horses when grazing. Colonel Skeene will be with you as much as pmible, in order to assist you with his advice, to help you to distinguish the good subjects from the b(ul, to procure you the best TO (Jk.\. ItlKDESlCLii CAMl'MUS: 268 inteUiijeiuv of tlu: inemy, and to c/mm (how ]>eopl); irfio hit. to hiing me t/ie aecouiitH ofyoarproyirim and mccenn. Whta you find it neiiemtiiry to hidt for (I day or tiro, you muxt idiniyH cntri'iifh the camp of the reijiiiunl of driiyooHii, in order neatr to rink iin attack or affront from, the. eiu'iny. As you irill return with the nyi- ment of drayooiiH mounted, you muHt alirayii hare a Machiiienlif Captain Frimer'tt or Peti'i-Hs eorpn in front of the column, and the Maine in the rear, in order to prevent your falliny into an amliuxcade ithenyoii march through t/ie wood*. You will use nil possible means to make the country belie\e that the troops under your coniinand are the advanced corps of the army, and that it is intended to pass the Connecticut on the road to Boston. You will likewise hmi it in»inuated, (7) that the main army from Albany is to be joined at Sprinytteld by a corps of troops from Uhode island. You will send off occammally cattle or carriar/es, to prevent /winy too much incumbered; and will give me as frequent intdliyence of your situation as possible. It is highly probable tiiat the corps under Mr. Warni.'r, now supposed to be at Manchester, will retreat before you ; but, should they, contrary to expectation, be able to collect in great force, and post themselves advantageously, it is left to your discretion to attack them or not; always bearing in mind, that your corps (7) iimnualu, <■ 4 ! ' '« r ♦>! 264 OFFICIAL DOVVSIKS'l'S IIKLATISO 1» too vnluiU)l(! to let imy consider- able los:4 be bu/iinled on thU oeciiHion. Should liny eorps be moved from Mr. Arnold's nniln army, in order to Intercept your retreiit, you iiro to take as stronu: a post as the country will atlbrd, and send the ((uickest intelligence to me ; and you may depend on my making Huch a movemttnt as shall put the enemy between two tires, or other- wise ellectually sustain you. It is imagined the progress ol the whole of this expedition may be effected in about a fortnight; but every movement of it must depend upon your success in ob- taining such supply of provisions as will enable you to subsist till your return to the army, in case you can get no n\ore. (8) All persons acting in connnit- tccs, or any officers acting under the directions of congn-ss, either civil or military, are to be made jirisoners. (8) And, hIwuIiI not the army be (Me to reiich Alluiiii/lnfore your w- jmtififni xhould Ik' ronipMat, I will Jind iiu'iins to mud yon notice of it, and f/iir your route another direc- tion. Batten Kim^, Augud 13, 1777. Hir: 1 had the honor of acquainting your excellency, l)y a man sent yesterday evening by Colonel Skeenc to head ipiarlers, of the several corps under my command being encamped at Saratoga, as well a.s of my intention to proceed the next morning at live o'clock ; the corps moved at that time, and marched a mile, when I received a letter from Brigadier General Fraser, signifying your excellency's ordbr to post the corps advantageously on Batten kill, till I should receive fresh in- structions from your exceUency : the corps is now encamped at that l)lace, and wait your excellency's orders. 1 will not trouble you, sir, with the various reports which spread, as they seem rather to be Hi! TO (ins. ItlKnKSEUS CA.v/'.irn.v. 266 foiindi'd on the (lill'erriit Intcrcstfl niul feelings of the people who occnHioii them. I Imve the honor to he, niosl reHpeclfully, Vdiir excellency's most olx'tlient and hunihle scrvitnt, F. Haumk. The recnforcemenl of Hfty chii.sseiirM, which your excellency was pleased to order, Joined me last ni^'ht ut eleven o'ehxik. General liiirginjiit. LIST OF THOSE OKKICEItS (WITH TIIKIR KAXK AND DATE OK DEATH) WHO SERVED AS I'AItT Ol-' THE IIUINSWICK AI'XILIAUIES IN AMERICA FROM n70-nas. The Field Officcn of the Corps. 1. Major General (commander) Uicdesd, Frederick Adolplnis, died Jan. 0, 1800, as lieutenant general and commander of Hrunswick. 2. Captain (General (iuiirter Master) Gerlaeh, Ileinricli Jan., died Sept. 20, 1798, as lieutenant cohmel and commander of the artillery in Brunswick. 3. Captain O'Connel, Laurentlus, died In 1810, as u pensioned lieutenant colonel in Ireland. 4. Lieutenant Clcve, Frederick Christian, died Jan. 0, 1820, as a pensioned major general at Brunswick. 5. Keeper of the military chest, Godeck, Joliann Conrad, died Uee. 25th, 1782, in America. Dnif/'Htn I{ef/iiiwnt, 1. Lieutenant Colonel Hanm, Frederick, wounded in the hattle near Bennington, the Kith of August, 1777, ami died two days after- ward. 2. Major Von Maihom, Just. Christoph, died Feb. 17th, 1804, as a pensioned major nt WolfeuhUttcl. 8. Captain of horse, Schlagcnteutfel III, Carl, dismissed from the service in 1788. 4. Captain of horse, Fricke, Ileinrich Christian, died July !), 1808, as a pensioned major. 5. Captain of horse, Ueiuking, Carl Frederick, killed on the ICth of August, 1777, in the battle near Bennington. I'OO OFFIVIAL noCVMKNTS liKl.ATIffO 0. Ciiptaln of liorsc, ScliliijfcntcutlV'l IV (Atlopli), tliHmiHsod by ro- (|iU'Ht from Ihf iiriny in ITHJt, iih nmjoi'. 7. I.iciitcnmit llrcvii, \\\^m\ Wllliclm, died tlic lOtli AiigtiHt, 1700, IIS nipliiiii of tlic invalid coiiipiiny iit liliinliciiliiii'K. H. Kicnii'iiant von SoininciiiilU', Olio Arnold, licciinu' liliiid in 17K1, and placed on the prnsion list. ». LiiMiltniinl Hccknult.Cail Fiicdi-rick, dcHcrtcd from VVolfcnbUltcl the l:tlli Anjfnwt, 17H4. 10. Lieutenant von liotlimer, Frioderich Wilhclm Dietrich, din- missed, at his own reiiuest, in 17H;J, with the rank of master of horse. It. liieutenant Hornemann, August Friedrieh irelnrich, dismissed in 178H; entered the service of Holland, and died in India. 12. Cornet (Jriife, August Ludwig Lucas, renniiiuHl in America in 178!), liy pc-rmissiou ; returned in the following year to Germany, and died as governor of Mecklenburg-Slrelitz. lU. Cornet Stut/.er, Johann Balthasar, died the 20lli November, 1821, as n pensioned lieutenant colonel in Brunswick. 14. Cornet Schbnewald, Johann Friedrieh, died the Sth July, 1820, with the same rank. l.j. Chaplain Melsheimcr, Carl, deserted from his regiment the Uth May, 1770. 10. Auditor Thomas remained, in 1783, by permission In America. 17. Hegimental Chaplain Vorl)rodt, pensioned in 178!1. Oreiitidicr lidltdlioi). 1. Lieutenant Colonel IJreymann, Ileinrich Chriatoph, killed the 7lh Oct., 1777, in the battle of Freenum's farm. 2. Captain IJiirtling I, Ernst August, died Jan. 1, 170i{, as lieu- tenant colonel and commander of a battalion in Maestricht. a. Captain Lblineysen, Albrecht Daniel, died May 2, 1820, upon his estate at Nendingen. 4. Captain Schick, Gottlob Dietrich, killed August 10, 1777, In the battle near Bennington. 5. Captain Ilambach, August Wilhclm, dismissed In 1783. 6. Lieutenant Uhlig, Ileinrich Wilhelm, advanced to a captaincy and transferred to a land regiment in 1783. 7. Lieutenant Gebhard, Theodore Friederich, died June 3, 1810, In Brunswick as a pensioned lieutenant colonel. 8. Lieutenant Ilelmeckc, August Wilhelm, dismissed in 1783. 0. Lieutenant Trott, Christian Wilhelm; likewise dismissed In 1783. 10. Lieutenant Iludolphi, Otto Ileinrich, died June3, 1810, in Bruns- wick )us a pensioned lieutenant culunel. i TO iih:\. It/KhKsK/.'S lAMfMllS. 267 It. liicutcnimt Wttllniodcn, Ocliliiird Tliidel, Krii-dricli, died 2d 8»'|>t., 1H07, us iimjor, but mil ol tin- Hcrvlci-. 12. Liciitcimnt Mii/.cll, Liidwix C'uHiiuIr, dii>d July 2H, 1H14, im u pen- 8lc)iK-d colonvl of tlici nivitlry of Ido Hcrune liiKlnicHH, Prince Ocorgt! nf Hruimwlck, iit OliUkslnirK. 1!). Liciilcnaiit Mcyi-r, Joliitiin AndiTiiH, unknown. 14. LiiMitcniint iMfynrn, Jolmnn .Iiicol), dk'ti July it, lH()2,i)Hcnptidn nnd cidi'f of the invnlid eoinimny iit niiink('id)urji;. 15. Lieutenant D'Anniei-H II, Curl Frunz, died in 1777, while a prisoner ut Iknninjj;lon. 10. Lieutenunt Winterschinidt, Ootll'ried Jul, deserted from his Imltftllon In 177». 17. LifUlc'ntmt Hulke, Johunn Ciwper, died in Anierleu in 1777. IH. Ueginientul (!liupluin Ilenkcl, died in Anierieu in 1778. Prince fYiediii'h' H lUyiment. 1. liicutcnnnt Colonel Priilorius, Cliristiun .lidius, died Ajjril 10, 1794, us u jiensioncd lieutenunt colonel ut IIol/.Tniiidcn. 2. Mujor llille, Freidricli W'illielm, died Ajiril 21), 1H05, us u niiOor generul, and nunied eonunundunt of WolfenhUttel near Mrunswick. ». Captain Dietrieli. Adolpli Lorenz, died March 10, 1704, m lieutenunt colonel ut WolfenhUttel. 4. Cuptuin Tiuulerfeld, Carl August lleinricli, died Juno 4, 1802, nB chamberlain of Brunswick. 5. Captain Sander, Jacob Christian, died March 14, 1700, us lieuten- ant colonel ut Wolfenbuttel. 0. Cuptain Rosenberg, Friedrich Albrccht, dismissed ut his own request, in 1788, as mi^or. 7. Captain Zielbcrg, George Ernst, died out of service at Ilorter, Feb. 23, 1797, as captain. 8. Lieutenant Schrttdcr, Ernst Chri-stian, pensioned in 178!J, and died the same year. 9. Lieutenant Kneseheck, Friedrich, dismissed in 1788. 10. Lieutenant Volkmar, Friedrich Wilhehn, dismissed in 1783. 11. Lieutenant Hurz, Johunn Friedrich, succeeded in 1787, to the post of secretary of the monastic archives. 12. Lieutenant Wolgurt I, Joliann Friedrich, died Oct. 2, 1825, as a pensioned lieutenant colonel at Brunswick. 13. Lieutenant Ueitzcnstein, Gottlieb Christian, remained by per- mission, in 1783, in America. 14. Lieutenant Burghoff, .lohann Friedrich Ileinrich, disnussed in 1780, in America, and diiul the same year. i ■.^T"' 268 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS HELATING 15. Liciiteimnt dii Roi, August Willielni, after serving the house of Bnmswic!.' ("aithfully for over fifty years, he drowned hhuself in ii fit of uu'laneholy, Mareli 98, 1S14. At tlic time of his deatl) he was eouiuiissary general, and liiutenant colonel on the general staff. 10. l'eu»ennut Wiesencr, Christian Friedrich, discharged in 1783. 17. Lieutenant von K«nig, Edmund Victor, remained, in 1783, by permission in America. 18. Ensign Langorjahn, Siegfried Heinrich, remained, in 1788, by l)ermis8i()n in America. 10. Ensign Adelsheim, Carl Friedrich Christian, deserted from his regiment in 1780. 20. Ensign Sternberg, Jolmnn Cliristian, died Nov. 10, 1791), as secretary of supplies, at WolfenbUttel. 21. Ensign Reinerding, Carl Wilhehn, died March 14, 1815, as head chamberlain in tlie service at Ulankcnburg. 22. Ensign Kobe, Frict.'rich, remained by permission, in America in 1783. 2o. Chaplain FUgerer, Friedrich August, dismissed in Oct., 1770. 24. Chaplain Schrader, Friedrich Wilhehn Conrad, .sent in April, 1770, to America with the transport recruits; died Dec. 19, 1792, as pastor at Heierstedt. 25. Auditor Wolpers, Paul Gottfried Franz, 'Jied May 11, 1802, ns chancery clerk at WolfenbUttel. 20. K"gimental Chaplain Bernt, Johimn August, died Feb. 27, 1807, as city surgeon at Hol/.minden. licyimenl Wuh. 1. Lieutenant Colonel Ehrenkrock, Johanu Guslavus, died March 22, 1783, at Three Rivers in Canada.' 2. Major Lucke, IJallhasar IJogislaus, died as a pensioned major. 3 Captain Scbtagenteulfel L Ludewig, placed on tlic pension list in 1783, and ilied the same year at Calvflrde. 4. Captain Alcrs, Conrad Anton, died Oct. 17, 1810 as major (out of the service), at Brunswick. ' Lieutenant Papet II, reroriing to the deatli of Khreiikrm-k, writes In IiIh diary, as follows : " Meiitoiiaiit Von Klirctikroek dicil at Three Hiverc on the S9 of Marcli . 178.1, at eiKlit in the niornin;;, ami wan Itinied at one o"eloek at noon of the '471 h of tlio month, In the UHiial hnrial plaee of llie ^'arrlnon, with military poniii, ('lia|>laln Kohle dellveriufj an exeellent funeral oiatlon. The corpsi' wan exposed on a bed ofHtale on llie ■J.'itli and '.Hitli ; and bo well did it look that the Canadiaim llrndy believed that it was painted," TO (1K\. !ilt:i)ESB:L\S UAMt'AION. 269 5. Ca,,itain Arciul, George Philipp, died Dec. 10, 180;i,iis lieutenant colonel (though out of the service), anil liigh baililFat Kl. ISiewendc. 6. Captain Cleve, Ilelnricli Urban, died Jan. 2, 18()8, as lieutenant colonel (out of tiie service), at 8al/.gittcr. 7. Ci.; '.aiu Fredersdorff, VVillielni Ludwig, wounded Oct. 7,1777, ia the Ijattle of Freeman's farm, and died the year following in the city of Albany. 8. Lieutenant Bodemeyer, George, ilied in 1793, at Macslricht, as captain. 1). Lieutenant Papet II, Friedrich Jidii'- died April 5, ITiW, aa captain, at Maestricht. 10. Lieutenant Ilessler, Curl, discharged In 178:$, with liic rank of captain. 11. Lieutenant Meyer, B^riedrich Leopold Engelhard, died Dec. 0, 1803, as inspector of excise at Secfen. 13. Lieutenant Bielstein, Thedel Wilhelin, remained i>y permission in America in 1783. i;j. Lieutenant Conradi, Carl Friedrich, took his discharge in 1783, and went back to America. 14. Lieutenant Dobencck, Hans Philipp Ileinricli, died in 179(1, as captain of a land regiment ut Ilol/.minden. 15. Lieutenant Petersen, Carl Ludwig, died May 7, 1814, as a civil magistrate. 10. Lieutenant Modrach, Christian Ileinricli, died Aug. 18, 1803, as captain of a land regiment at Uevern. 17. Lieutenant Unger I, Johann Ludwig, died May 3, 180.j,ascouri- sellor of mines at Sal/.liebeidiallc. 18. Lieutenant Feichel, Friedrich W'illnlni, died May 39, 17!M, at Brimsrtick, as captain. 19. Ensign liandel, Friedrich, deserted from his rcginu'iil in 1779. 30. Ensign Erich, Hcrnhard, received his discharge in 1783. 31. Ensign li. Ic, .,'ohaini Friedrich, died Sept. 19, ITH3, at- Stade, while on his retui ' from .\nierica. 33. F'/iisii^n (.JiVleckc, .lohaiin Ileinricli, triiiisferrcd to a regiment of th' 'ill' in 1788. 33. Cna,)l:iiii Tiigel, Christian Timotheus, died Oct. 1, 1797, as j)asior at Greiit TwUlpsledl. 24. Auditor Schmiilt, transferred in 1783 to the regiment Iliedesel. 35. Hegimental Chaplain HchriKler, Joliunn Friedrich, died Dee. 10, 1804, at Hrunswick. 270 OFFICIAL UOVUUFNTS UKLATINO Ihijittwnt Itmkucl. 1. Lk'Utenunt Colonel Si)clli, P>nsl Liuluwig Willielin, tlioil Oct. 27, 1800, as nmjor gciural and coniniaiulant at WollenbtUtfl. 2. Major Mt'iigcn, Otto Carl Anton, ilud May IK, 17'.t7, as lieutL'n- nnt coloiu'l (out of servlcf), at Llinfhuru;. 'A. Captain PttUnit/., Julius LuiUvig August, died Miircli 3!), 1805, us major general anil cninniandant at WoU'enltiitlel. 4. Captain Morgenstern, Carl Friedricli, received his diHcliurge iw major in 17 — . .1. Captain Hartling II, Carl Friedricli, died in 17H;J, at Miinster while on his return journey to IJrunswick. «. Captain liarbord, Golllieh IJenjamin, died as a pensioned cap- tain in . 7. Captain (iii-sewald, Ernst Ileinrieli Willielni, died .Ian. Hi, 1818, in time of pi ace as a major general at Hrunswiek. 8. Lieutenant Hover, Willielm, died in 1TS2, in America. )>. Lieutenant Morgenstern, .Johann Carl, died Dec. 8, 1787, at Brunswick as captain. 10. liieutenanl Ueinking, Fri<'drich Car'., died as captain of a regiment of the line. 11. Lieutenant HurgdorlV, Ludwig Traugoll, dismissed in 1780. 12. I/ieutenant Wolgart li, August Theodore Gottfried, died Mar('h 4, 1821, as a pensioned major at Hrunswiek. 111. Lieutenant Freyenliagen, Ileinrieli .lulius, died in 1777, in America. 14. Lieutenant Pincier, Christian Theodore, received his discharge in 1784, and reliirned to America. l.TI. Lieutenant Cramm, Heiurich Willielm (iottfried, died Feb. 8, 1704, at Mastricht. 10. Lieutenant Meyern, Ludwig , died 1781, in America. 17. Ensign Hrandir, Knist Christian Ileinrieli, dismissed in 1780. IN. Ensign I'liver/agt, Ludwig, died in 1770, in America. 1!(. Ensign Maibom, (!arl Cliristoiili, died .\pril 20, 171(4, ii|)on his return journey from Miistricht to llol/miudcn. 20. Ensign Iliiberlin, Haimnnd Gottlieb, died Oct. 0, 17»fl, atllelm- sledt as caiitain. 21. En.Hign Andree, Carl Conrad, died as a lieutenant of a regi- ment of the line in . 32. Knsigii Denecke, Friedricli Ludwig, unknown.' 2;t. Eii.sign Forslner, ileinrieli Friedricli, dismissed in 1704. ' Dr. (»'('iillii;;hnii, in /luri/oi/ne'K firiterlij Uooli:,MaU:iit\ti\l lliic nlllrci wax. In 1T78, rexliling III WcKliiilnHler. I'luiuUiilor. yW OES. lltlSlHtHtlVii t'AMPAIHS. •271 21. Cliapliiin MiliuK-, Jolmnii Aiij,'iinl, ilii-d Jan. 17, 1810, us pnslor lit Siililcr. 25. Gciicnil Field Auditor Zinkcn, Curl Fricdricli Williclni, died in lliL' ni;;iit of Aii;;iisl :j, IWOO, us iiuli>' ('oiiiiscllDr and mayor ol Sccl'cii. 20. Hfgiiiiuiilal Cliapluiii I'rallc, died as land surgeon at .Icrrlieiin. Metjiment S/nrfif. 1. Colonel Specht, Joiiann Friedrieli, died Juno 34, 1787, ill IJruns- wick 118 a jjensioned colonel. 2. Major Elirenkrock, Curl Fricdrieli, died July 17, 17U7, as u pji:- sioiied major in Hrunswick. :t. Ciii)iain Plessen, Leopold Franz Fricdrieli Hallliasar, died Fc"). 0, 18()S, as captain (out of the service), at (tandersiieim. 4. Ca|)lain Lut/.uw, August Conrad, died Nov. 20, 171)U, at Driins- wick as colonel. 5. Captain I)alil.-*rnna, IJernliard Uieli., wounded on the 7tli Oct., 1777, lit tlH! Iialtle of Freeman'- farm, and died tlie following; year in the city of All)any. 0. Captain v(m SclilagenteuU'el I', George, died August l.*), 1818, a« higli hailitfat Scliftppenstedt. 7. Captain Yaner, Heinricli, died in 1782, in America. 8. LieiitcMant Meyer, Joliann Heinricli, died Oct. 23, 1800, as post miiMler of Helmsledt. it. LieulenanI Ilerlel, Daniel Arnold, died Au:?ust 1, 17lMi, as a pensioned lieutenant at Ki'inijj.slutle. 10. i.ieutenani I'apet I, August Wilhelm. dieil July 2.'», 1H08, at IJrnnswick as colonel. II Lieutenant l)ov( , Heinricli Anton David, died in 1780, in America. 12. Lieiitenaiil Milkati, Ciirislian i'riedricli.ili.Hcliar^ed in 178;i. i:t. liii'utenaiil Oldekopf, Friedrii'li Kriisi, created .-iccretary in llic post ol!'.. e III 17H4, and died while holdinu: that position. 14. Lieuteniinl Anniers !, Heinricli Daniel, discharged in 178:1. {!}. Lieutenant iveilner, Joliann Fricdrieli Julius, died Novemlier 30, 180H, as commissioner of a inonaslery at llnins'A ick. Kt. Lieutenant Itoi II, Antoi .Adolph Henirich, died August ID, 1823, at Brunswick, as a |)ensioned colonel. 17. Liculinaiil Unger II, Fricdrieli 11(h1o, died Nov. 11, 1810, as a iiiagislrale of Siil/.gilter. 18. Knsigii lleiiicwil/., .lohaiiii Heinricli Carl, died Dec. 13, I82L iw liciiti'iianl p'lieral and commandant of Itriinswick. 10. Kn.Hign Ucdckcn, Fricdrieli, died in 1777, in Atuerlca. 272 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS UELATWO 20. EiiHigii Froniine, Johimn Edmund, died Mny 8, 1822, at Wolf- cnbiittd, as a pensioned major. 21. Ensign Ulmenslein, Samuel Jacob Anton, died July 9, 1793, a pensioned lieutenant. 32. Ensign Giimpe, died as collector of the public gates of Bruns- wick. 28. Clmplain Kohle, unknown. 24. Chaplain Mtinchhofi", unknown. 25. Auditor Bfihr, unknown. 20. Regimental Chaplain Manse, Joliann Carl, died Dec. 15, 1814, at Brunswick, as general field surgeon, out of service. Y&ger BatUdion, knoicn also us the BatUdion Burner. 1. Major Earner, Fc.dinand Albrccht, died Oct. 2, 1797, as a pen- sioned colonel. 2. Captai'i Tiiomii, George Ludewig, died Jan. 10, 1800, at Wolfeu- bOttel, as captain, out of service. 3. Captain Gcyso, Carl, discharged in 1783, as major. 4. Captain Donnnes, August Friedrich, died in the night of Jan. 5, 1802, as chief commissary at Blankenbnrg. 5. Captain Schottelius, Maximilian Christoph Ludwig, died Dec. 3, 1807, as post master at Holzminden. 0. Captain Gleissenberg, Gottlief Joachim, died Feb. 20, 1801, as colonel and commandant at WolfenbUttel. 7. Lieutenant Ilamiemanu, Johann Caspar, died as an oflicer of the forest.' 8. Lieutenant Cruse, Philipp Sigcsmund, died as captain in the line. 9. Lieutenant Kottc, Johann Gottfried, died in 1770, at Quebec. 10. Lieutenant Kabe, Albrccht Christian, died Oct. 18, 1800, as a lieutenant at KonigsluMer, out of service. 11. Lieutenant Uladen, Johann Gottlieb, died Dec. 14, 1827, at Wolf- enbUttel as a i)ensi()ned major. 12. Lieutenant Miililenfeldt, Carl Anton Ludwig, killed Aug. 10, 1777, in the engagement near Bennington. 13. Lieutenant Ptliiger, Johann Friedrich, died in 1777, in America. 14. Lieutenant Meyer, Ardreas, died Dee. 7, 1795, at tiie ducal castle at 8al/.dahlum. l.l Lieutenant Frieke, George Friedrich Gebhard, died Nov. 19, 1807, aa postmaster at Goslar. , ' I. 0., n ranger.— JYun-dator. TO OEN. lilKDESEVS VA if PAWN. m 1(1. Lieutenant Bode, Johann Andreas, killed the 7tli Oct., 1777, in the hattle of Freeman's farm. 17. Lieutenant Rohr, Caspar Friedrich, discharged in 1783. 18. Ensign Uhenhis, Wilhelm Lucas, died Sent. 30, 178;i,atDrans- stedt, on his return home from America. 19. Ensign Specht, Johann Julius Anton, remained by pernuasion in America, in 1783. 20. Ensign Begert, Joliann, drowned in 1777, in Anierica. 81. Ensign Hagemann, George Leopold, killed August 10, 1777, in the engagement near Bennington. "2. Ensign Count von Kant/au, Ernst August, drowned in the Schoolkil, while in captivtiy. 23. Regimental Chaplain Kunze, died as a pcnsirncr. FINIfe. I\. INDEX. AlMmnkis, 50. Ackland, Lady Harriot, 168. Ackland, Maj., 108, 205. AdclHlnMin, Carl F. C, ii, 208. i1*]noimH, 102. An)any, 83 ; ii, lf)5, 100. Ah^rH, Connid A., ii, 208. Aiiiclin^Hhauw'n, lil. AinhcrHt, dlcn., 84, ii, 108. AinicrH, Lt., IIW. AinHtrutlior Col., 120, l!J8. Andrcts Carl ('., ii, 270. Andni. Maj., ii, 8«, 200. Aline, Fort, 110, 122, 246 ; dcwrip- tion of, 2(.'5 Anni((r», Carl P. D., ii, 207. Anniers, Ilcinricli I)., ii, 271. Arbnthnot, Adiiurnl, ii, 208. Arend, (Jj-o. P., ii, 200. Ariiiand, a Fnuich adventurer, ii, 18. Arnold. Gen., 48, 71, 80, 125, lao, 105, 238, 251 ; ii, 210. Bnortling, Capt. Von, ii, 47. Bahr. Auditor, ii, 272. Baker's falln, 238. Baike, Johaun C, ii, 207. BalcarruH, Lord, 103, 206. Baltimore, 85. Bancroft, (leoryt-, 85. Bandel, Friedridi, ii. 200. Barlow, Lt. Col., 220, Barner, Lt. Col, 28, 131 ; ii, 110, 114, 183; ii,272. Barner, rejjrinient of, 122, 230, Barnes, Cairt,, ii, 138, Bartlinjr, KruHt A., ii, 200. Biirtiin^f, Curl F., ii, 270. Bateaux, concealtnl, 2H5 Battenkil, 128, 132, l(i2, 170. 35* Baum, Lt. Col., 28. 126, 120, 248; ii, 265. Bauni, rejtinient of, ii, 81. B»iune, Joliann C., ii, 272. Be^^ert, Johann, ii, 273. B«!ll, Ca|)t..40. B.lleville, 47, 57. IM.M^il, 81 ; ii, 137. Beniin's liei^htH. 165, 300. Beni|)ai]) creek, ii, 01. Benipaip Ilunnert, ii, 01. B<'nnin(^on, battle near, 127, 250, 258, 200. Berkenhut, Dr., ii. 41. Bt-rnewitz, Johann 11. C.,ii. 271. Btrrnt, Jolmnn A., ii, 208. Berthier, ii, 103. Bethltdieni, Pa., ii,60; descri))ti(>n of, ii, 75, 240. BielHteiu, Tin-did W., ii, 200. Biesenrotli, Maj., 207. BiHclihausen, <". Von, ii, 200, B<)u<|uet river, 108, Brand, r, Krnst C, H., ii, 270. f<; IXDKX. Briuulywiiic rivtT, ii. .*)». Hriiiit,'.l(>Hci)li, 1)1. Hrctlmucr, l.t. CoL/i!!?. Brfvii, lit. A. \V.. ii, 41.2««. Hrcviiiunii, lit. Col. Ilcinricli ('.,2(1, '74. urn, 111. ii:i, i:ti ;fovni', (l.iicml, :«», 44, 57, (W, «((, KHI, 122, 124, liJS, 14:1,154, 175; mirrcmliT ol, IHH, 202, 22ft, 2;H), 2;{7, 245, 280,201 : ii, 4; (IcpaitH for Kn>{iau(l, 14, «8. 107, "VMS. ("alaiK,;«t. ('aniararr<'. MuxH, 21(1; ii, 11, 48, 5(1, 2:{8. Camliridjirc, N. Y., 240. Cainilcn. ii, 104. ('aniplM-il. ("apt., ii, 48, 152. ('aMi))l>i-II,()cii.. ii, 120. Canipbi'll, Lt.Col., ii, 110. (■anipi)cll, Maj.. 144. Carillon, Fort ('I'icondiTojra). 111. 2!18 ; dcM-nption ol 1777. 20:t. Carli'ton, Cajit., (15. Caritton. Col., ii. 114, i:iO. Carlitoii, Oi'u., 41. 47, 54, 7.'», 80. H2. 88, 2;iO, 242, ii, 4:i, I0:i, 120. i:ift, 141 107, 220. Carli-ton island, ii, 100. Carlt'ton, Lt. Col., 110. CarlrtoM. Maj.. 40. Carlitiif. ConiiniK-^ioin'r. ii, 25, 40 Castlcton rivi'r, 1 18. Castli'ton. town of. I l:i. Crri's. ship, IN 02, 280 ; 140. ClniiiilM^rH, ('apt., ii, 110. ('lianilxTs. CoiiiniiHlor<>. ii. llll. Chuinblv, Fort, 45, 40, 54. 57, 102, 2:15; CImiiililv rivrr (Uichclifu), 75 ; ii, 10ft", lltft. Cluiniplain. I,ak<', 4:1, 45, 4ft, 5ft, 78, ft7, 125; ii, 110, 157,251. ClinrlfH, Dukf of lirunHwick, 2(1, 20, :m. Charli'H FnmciH Fi-rdinund, Duke of KmuMwick and LUncliiir)f, ii, 78, 88, 185, 102. Chnrli'H William Ferdinand, Ilcrt!- ditarv Duke of HrunHwick, 2:i;i ■ CliarlcHton, S. ('., ii, 88. CliarlottcHvillc, Va.. ii, 45. Chateau (lay (('hataui|ue), ii, ll:i. Chininev |)oint (on I-a<', ii, 120. Ch've, raptain and adjutant to (Ji-n. Hiedesel, ;14, 4(1, 102 ; ii, 70.84,03, 151,20'2, '205. Cli've, ('apt. Ileinrieli I'rhan, ii. 212, '200. Clinton. Sir Henrv. 44. 87. I'.'O, 154, 102, 107;'ji, ;n, :I4, 4:J, 5;{, (to, 8((, ftl.Oft: takes leave of Hii'(h-sel, KKl, 111, 181, 180, 2!12, 24:1. ( '. Crown iHiiiil, 57, 73, UM, 108; ii, 13:l. CruHc, IMiiiippS., ii, 373. CunilM-rlivhil IicikI, UK). Cuinniin^Hkil, 143. UlUTCH, Cujit., 7-1. Diililslirnii, Hfmhunl H., ii, 371. Diilryniplf, CoiiiiinMlori', 337. Diiirynipli', Cupt.,;)!). Daiiicr, hi., ii, 344. D'Annicrn, l.t., 17i(. Dcchlow, Maj. Von. 3i»7. D'Kfttuinjr, Count, ii. ;{4, ;17, 187. Di'lawarc river, 8(1, 137. Deiieelie, Frie(irienkirH, or Anna Hapfittt, !i, (d. Diamond inland (lakeou>rlasH, Admiral, ;i8. DoiijrIiiHH. Maj., ii, 50. Dov.', lleinri.'h A. I)., ii,37l. Dove, lit., ii, 80. Dovenet, ht., ii, 133. Dover. 1(5. DovoyatV lioilHe. 111. Dra^r,«,n rejfinient, 133, 3iJ0;ii,81, |:J8. Dunmore, Lord. 341. Dwljflit, TliiMMJore, letter of, to traiiHlator in relation to tlie lialtle of HenniiiKlon, 3!M). Dyk. ('apt. Casteii, ii, 1 1;(. Kast Spring, 315. Kden. ComniiHrtioner. ii, 35, 40. i I'iilmonHton, ('apt., :I0, IKi. ' Kdwart., ii. 111. ForHlner, Ileinricli F., ii, 370. Foiapiier Court lloune, ii, (13. FoHter, Major, 1(14. Foy, Capt.,;{4. Francix, Hri;^. (leii., 1 1(1. Frankfort. .lO. Fvanklin. Menjamin, ii, 143. Franer, Capt.,'(t8, 70, 83, 111, 1««. Frawr, (i.-n., 4(i,' 5(t, (d, («(, 108; oceupieH Carillon, ll;{, 13;t, 137; deatli of, 104 ; hnrial of, Ht8; character of, an drawn liy Mr. Bancroft, 1(18, 344, 340. Frederick Second, 37. Frederick Hprinjr, ii, 70. Frederndorf, ('apt., 14(1, ii, 3(H». Freeman, ('apt., ii, 150. Freeman farm, tirwt hat tie of, 140. Freeiium farm, seconf Oiii. Hiirifoyno, IHl), 11)7. 211), 221) : ii. 4, 10,51,511, iM.fM. (iliunl. lit., l:t5; ii, 4. 41, 200. Ot-ddtM, l'uyiimHttr<*<'n..ii, 43, 00. Oforjri', Fort 1!J5, 174 ; cU-M-rlptioit <>»,ln 1777.205; ii, 251. , 124, 201. (ji-iHiiii, ('n|it., ii, 4. (l.i»iimr,('u|)t. Von, ii. 70. 87,20!l, 215. (Jfrln4-li,('u|)t.,nn(l(|iiartcr iiiuxtiT. 84, NJi, 1H2 : ii, m, 100, Hit, 204, 21«. 205. Ucniuiiii, Iirnt'. ao. OirHt.wald. KriiHt H. W., ii. 270. (ilathii, Jolmnn (i., ii, 272. UlciHHfiilMTK, (lottli-itM., ii, 272. Ulov.T,»l<-n., 137, 101.210. U10ol(Htmlt,:iO. UiNlccki', Joliann II., ii, 40. UoiltTlK', I'ayniiiHtitr n.. ii, 43, 85, 108, 110. 117, 124. 125, 13U, 130, 143, 153, UKl 213, 247. Half MiKtn (the prcwnt town of Cn-wcnf. N. Y.), 125. 230. Halifax. 43; ii. 107, 142. HallcrHtailt, 43. HanilMK-h, AutfiiHt VV., ii, 2(W). Hamilton, HriK- <<•'".. 144, 175, 108, 230 ; ii, JK), 5(», 07, 210, 244. Ilamiltim. Col., 50. Hancork, UoviTnor John, 220 ; ii, :w. Hanni-maim, Johann C. ii, 273. liarUinl, (iotli.'l) U., ii,270. Harburff, 31. Hartly, Col., ii, 23. Harnach, Maj„ 211. HartfonI, 24, 120. Hartford, New, ii, 51. Hans. Joliann F. ii. 207. HaukcnliUttol, 30, 31. HauHtcin, Maj. V(m, 200, 207. Hawlcv, Col.," ii, 0, 11, 13. Hcath,'(j«'n, Col. Von, 207. Hland,37. H.-lniwkc. Auffust W., ii. 200. Himkid. Chaplain, ii, 207. Ht'njft'n'H n)ad. ii, 143. HcrrenhUttcrH (MoravianH), 00. Hi-rntal, Lt.. ii, 200. Hi'rtd, DaniH A., ii,271. Hl'hm- Hanau Artill<-ry lif^ini^nt, 00; ii, 73. 113. ilcHi**- Hanau Infantry Ki^^inient, 231 ; ii, 73. HciwianH, 80. H<-Ht*ia, ljiinrandt, Maj.. '207. Hill. Col., 118. Hill, l.t. Col., ii. 40, 08, 110. Hill.-, l-l.Col.. ii. 1H3. rid?. Hillo|N>, Col., ii, 1(H). II.Mmic river. I'JH. llo|)kiiiH. Maj.. ii, 2:iS. Ilorliorn*-, Col. (proluiblyOHlHtriic). u:i. Hotel Dieii, 57. llowartl. den., ii, IHl. lloiittntonic river, ii, 52. Howe. A.lininil, 311) ; ii, 10, 37. 155, 2;J7. Howe, (Jen., 4!J, 57, 8(1, 1)4, 125, 15l,2:)4: ii,4. 1(1, tIM). Hover, Wilh'lm, ii, 270. Hiibtmnltown, battli; of, llii. HiiroiiH, 50. HiiMuir, t'ri)fat<*. i>. 120. Huyiie, Col. Von, 207. Ind«;iH!ndence, Fort, (lit jnnction of IiukeHOeorffe and Cliuniplain, 112,204. Tniiexible, ship, 01 : ii, llii. Irvine, (Jen. William, ii, 140. Isle Aux Noix (iHland of NuIh), 5, 80, 00, 00. 245; ii, UU, 144, 150. iHle La Va'eur, 70. Inle Orleans, 840 ; ii, 110. IxleofJeHim, 2.')0. l8l.! M. 11,0 Jnnii, frigate, :)U. Katfnohantfue, 50. Keith, Adj. (Jen., 225. Kellner, Johann V. J., ii. 271. KenneU'c river, 01. Kennedy, Dr. (Itieilesel's fandly l>hvsi(-ian), ii, 177. KepiH>r Admiral, Ii, lii. 125. Kinderh(N>k, 214. Kintrsltridtfe, 05 ; ii, 112, 100. Knes.'lHrk, Fri.Hlriidi, ii, 2«7. Kniphansen, Fort, 12(1. Kniphaiisen, (len. Von. 05, 207; ii. 48, 85, 104, 210, 240. Knowlnnd's ferry, ii, 01. K(N-henhau8<-n. \A. Col., 20U. Kohle, Chaplain, 11, 272. Kohh-r, \A. Col.. 20«. 207. Kolte, Friedrleh, ii. 2«8. Kolte, Johann ^J, ii, 272. KonlK. I'l, 70. lia Nome, 11, 137. La Prairie, 45. fl0;ii, 110. Fiiidy Mary, ship, 78. Ijufayette, MuniulH de, Ii, 57, 115, 103. Laneaster, 11, 03. Lancelot, 121, liUndsdowne, Manpiis du, ii, 137. Lan^e, Lt. Col., 207. Lan^erjahn, Siejyfried H., 11, 208. Lanieres, M., 01. Iian. 232.' Leecock township, ii, 50. Leesburjf hiunlol, ii, 02. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 !t«- li^ I.I I IS m m »40 M M M 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 •• 6" ► Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,\ ;V ^" C^ .•y 280 iNimx. L(!g.!r, Col. St., 77, i)8, 128, 130, l.W; ii. 111. lidcester, ii, 50. Lcnjrorkf, Lt. Col. Von, 390. Lcnsburjf, Ii, 12i5. LcMlic, Ui-n., ii, )»4, 2()7. Lfut/„Col., 210, ii,171. Lcxinjrton, Imttli! of, 17. Liifoiiit'-ff Imv, 108. Lincoln, Men"., liSO, 157 ; ii,8!), 205. Linsinjr, Lt. Col., 200. Little Di'iil, triinsport, ii, 105. Lohnej-Hi'ii, Albirclit 1)., ii, 200. Lonjr i'slaml, 45 ; ii, 8!), 112. L(M)M, Maj. Ocn., correspoiidciico of, ii,'220. Urn-, Col. Von, 297. LoHborpr, «en., ii, 48, 240. Lossbcrjr, (^)l. Von, 200. Loudon, Lord, ii, 125. Ijouis, Sunt St., 50. Lovehu-e (the toi y). wkull of, 170. Lowensti'in, Maj. Von, 290. Luc(!ran, Marquis de, ii, 204. Liicko, Major Von, 210 ; ii,95, 110, 188, 208. Ludridgo, Col., 98. Ludwijj, Duke, ii, 84. Lttnebur«, 01, 240. Lutzow, Aujjust C., ii, 271. Machiius, Major, 297. McLean, Col.", 75, 2:$7 ; ii, 148, 154. McKav, Cai)t., 92, Hit, 154, 100. McKeii/ie. Col., 10;{. McCowen'H |)aHH, ii, 1 12. Maestre, Maj., 4(). Maiboni.Carl C., ii, 270. Maiboni, Major, ii, 41,95, 18:{, 243, 205. Manakessi creek, ii, 01. Manatomic, ii, 13. ManchcBter, 120, 128. Marsh, Col., ii, 135, 148. Massachusetts, province of, ii, 17 ; description of, by General Riedesel,54. Masserow, Conunissary General, ii, 11,33. Mathew, ann A., ii, 271. Milkau, Christian F., ii, 271. Miller, Fort, 120, 127. Miller, Jonathan, 125. Mininjrerode, Lt. Col.V(,n, 290, 297. M(Klrach, Christian II., ii, 209. Mohawks, ii, 110. Monjje, Maj., 20. Montjjoniery, Gen., 43. Montjioniery, Pa., ii, 59. Monongaliela river, ii, 253. Montmorency falls, ii, 175. Montreal, 38, 42, 235 ; ii, 111. Morgenstern, Carl F., ii, 270. Morjrenstern, Johann C, ii, 270. Morin, Cupt., 83, 100. Mdhlenfeldt, Carl A. L., ii, 273. Muchhmfield, Ensipn, 135. Muerbach, Maj. Von, 297. Milnchausen, Maj. Von, 297. Munchhoft; Chaplain, ii, 373. Muncy, Fort, ii, 140. Murray, Mr., ii, 157. Muzeli, Liid\vition of, by General Hiedesel, ii, 50. New Windsor, ii, 125. NiajTiira. 95 ; ii, 140, 108,250. INDEX. 281 Niger, frifiato, 41. Nin(! Partners, ii, 54. Norfolk, ii, 51. Nortlminpton, 340. Nortli, Lord, ii, 174. Nova Scotia, ii, 182. O'Connol, C'apt. and Adj., 00, ii, 428, 205. Oldeko])!', Friedrieh E. ii, 271. Olers, Capt., ii, 138. Orange Court Hbusi?, ii, 02. Oswego, ii, 108, 351. Ottawa river, 59. Outanais, 50, 54. Pallas, ship, 34. Palmer, ii, 50. PajKit, August, ii, 371 ; Friwlrich J. ii, 301). Pater-Litth!, ii, 00. Patterson, (ion., ii, 135, 141, 153. PaiU's (Paulus) hook, ii, I'JO. Pausch, Clapt., 148. Payne, Dr. Charles II., 139. Pennsylvania, state of, descrip- tion by Gen., Kiedesul, ii, 00. Penobscot, ii, 129. Percy, Lord (Duke of Northum- berland), 237. Peterson, Col., 137, 201, 209. Petite Marie, 112. Pfluger, Johann F., ii, 372. Philadelphia, 85. Phillips, Col, 240. Phillips, Gen., 39, 08, 109, 121, 140, 195, 330 ; ii, 10, 10, 28, 42,48, 50 ; order f)f, 07 ; flashes with Heath, 83, 93 ; d<-ath of, at Peter8l)urg, Va., 94,190, 201 , 237, 342. Pierre, Lac St., 89; ii, 117, 145. Pincier, ChriHtinn T., ii, 270. Pitchard, Capt., ii, 101. Pitt, Fort, ii, 140, 250. Pittstown, ii, 59. Plessen, Leopold F. F. B., ii, 271. Plymouth, 39. Poelnitz, Adj. (Jen., ii, 34. Poelnitz, Cajrt., 228 ; ii, 25. Point Au Lac, ii, 137. Point Aux Fer, 45, 05, 90; ii. 131, 134, 144. Point Oliver, parish of, ii, 113. Pollanl, Lt. Col., ii, 30. Pollnitz, Julius L. A„ ii, 270. Portsmouth, 35 ; ii, 179. Potomac, ii, 01. Potter, Maj. Gen., ii, 140. Powell, Hrig. (Jen., 57, 130. Praetorius,Lt. Col., 20,77 ; ii, 109, 207. Pralle, Chaplain, ii, 271. Prescott, Gen., ii, 10. Prevost, (Jen., ii, 51, 183. Presqu' Isle, ii, 250. Prince Frederick's regiment, 122, 230; ii, 81, 109,139. Princeton, 80. ProsjK'ct hill (Boston), ii, 0. Providence, ii, 35, 187. Putnam, (Jen., 95. Puy, Maj., 297. (Quaker Si)ring8, village of, 104. (iuelM'C, 38, 39, 41, 80; ii, 108, 130. Quelx-c, ship, ii, 178. Ral)e, Albrecht C., ii, 273. Kail, Col., 80, 297. Randolph, Capt., ii, 70. Randolph, Mr., ii, 241. Rantzau, Ernst A. Von, ii, 273. Kappahanmx'k river, ii, 02. Raritan river, 90 ; ii, 57. Rau, Capt. Von, ii, 245. Rawdon, ii, 194. Read's house, ii, (i3. Reckrodt, Carl F., ii, 300, Redeken, Friedrieh, ii, 371. Red house (Fort Edward), Gen. Riedesel occui)ies it as his head (juarters, 133. Reid, Col., 193.210 Reiuerding, Carl \V., ii, 2()8. Reinking, Cairt., 135; ii, 205. Reinking, Friedrieh C, 370. Reitzenstern, (Jottlieb C, ii, 207. Reynolds, Madame, 21 1. Rheims, Lt., ii, 49. Rhenius, Wilhelm L., ii, 373. Rhetz, regiuu'nt of, 70, 133, 330 ; ii, 40, 81, 87, 109, 122, 138. Richmond, ii, 71. Ri.hoh-t, ii, 138. 282 INDEX. KiodoHol, den. writes to (}en. How*! for nssiBtance on behalf of the (Jcnnan troops, ii, 4 ; endeavors to i)romote disci- pline anion}; the tr(i. Ruth, Lt., 10!3. Rutland, 121 ; ii, 30, 43, 47, 123. Sacrt'inent Lac St. (Lake (leorRe), 97. St. Agnace, Cape, ii, 229. St. Antoine, 81 ; ii, 137. St. Charles, 57, 81. St. Croix, ii,231. St. Dennis, 57, 81 ; ii. 134, 138. St. Francois, ii, 112, 114, 138. St. Jacob, 56. St. John, ii. 111 ; fortifications ot, 113, 121, 141, 143, 159. St. Lawrence bay, 41. St. Lawrence river, 59, 89 ; ii, 107, 177. St. Luke, 121. St. Ours, 57 ; ii, 134. St. Paul's bay, ii, 110. St. Sulpice (Seminary of), 50, 95. St. Therese, 57, 99. St. Vincent's, ii, 202. Sander, Jacob C, ii, 207. Sandwich, Lord, ii, 125. Saratoga heights, 171. Saratoga, treaty of, ii, 9, 40, 44, 242. Saules, 54. Scaticokc, 192.. Schaeffer, Lt. Col., 297. Schaoffer Maj., 297. Schattelius, Max. C. L., ii, 272. Schenck, Capt., 91, 154. Schick, Gottlob D., ii, 266. Schieck, Lt. Col. Von, 297. Schlagenteuffel, Adolph, ii, 266. Schlagenteuffel, Capt., ii, 41, 49, 109. Schlagenteuffel, Carl, ii, 265. Schlagenteuffel, George, ii, 271. Schlagenteuft'el, Ludewig, ii, 268. Schlemmer, Lt. Col., 297. Schlieffen. Col. Von, 23. Schmid, Capt., ii, 123. Schmidt, Auditor, ii, 369. Schmidt, Maj. Gen., 296. Scluinewald, Cornet, ii, 148, 153, 158, 266. Schrador, Friedrich W. C, ii, 268. Schrader, Johann F., ii, 26Jt. Schreiljer, Col., 296. 36* Schrcvvogel, Lt. Col-Sft?. Schroder, Ernst C, ii, 207. SclnUer, Lt. Col. Von, 297. Schuyler, Gen., 119,212. Schuyler's island, 125. Schuyler's mansion burned, by Burgoym*. 1"0, 192. Schuyler's mills, 171. Schuylkill, ii, 59. Seits, Col. Von, 297. ShellK)rne, I^ml, ii, 137. Skeeno, Col. and Gov., 120, 131, 258. Skoensborough (White Hall), 113, 117, 123, 240. Skficnsborough, Fort, descriirtion of, in 1777, 295. Sonimerlatte, Otto A. Von, ii, 2()«, Sorol, 46, 77, 81, 101 ; ii, 108, 125, 131,138. Southerland, Lt. Col., 16»i, 208. SiHicht, Brig. Gen., ii, 47, 52, 73, 100. SiKicht, Col. V(m, 26, 60 ; ii, 4, 24, 28,40,88,184,271,273. Specht, regiment of, 122, 230; u, 81,110,138,270. SiMJth, Brig. Gen., 100, 148, 164, 210 ; ii, 270. SiKjth, Ensign, ii, 151. StHith, regiment of, 122 ;ii, 122,2.0. Spithead, 38. Springfield, 127. Spn)ut, Col., ii, 238. Stade, 32 ; ii, 180. Stanwix, Fort, 128 ; ii, 254. Stark, Gen., 137 ; ii, 233. Staten island, 95 ; ii, 74, 112, 190. Stein, Maj. Gen., 296. Sternberg, Johann C, ii, 268. Stillwater, 128, 164, 214, 251. Stirling, Lord, ii, 190, 240. Stockbridge Indians, 159, 192. Strover, Mr. Georg(!, 139, 176. Stutzer, Cornet, 135 ; ii. 26((. Sudbury, ii, 49. Sullivan, 85 ; ii, 37, 42, 187. Sussex t^ourt House, ii, 58. Tamelslohn, 31. Tartar, frigate, 51. Taylor's house, 145. Temple, Peace C<)mmisHioner,ii, 41. 284 1SI>EX. \M ThDinaH, ('apt., lOa, 272. Tlioinas, ("liark-H, secretary to Henry Laurens, ii, 21, 25, 44. Thomas, Lt. ii, 217, 206. Tliree Mill! Post, 111. Thre(! Rivers, 08, 90, !)3, i)9, 121 ; ii, 114. Ticonderojra (Carillon), 45, 97, 121 ; ii, 251. Tiiinumtli, 121. '\\^ffi'\. Christian T., ii, 209. Tokeken river, ii, 59. Triuiton, 86. Trinack, Maj. (len. Von, 297 Trott, Christian W., ii, 200. TrouiMs Col., ii, 57, 59, 289. Tryon, Gen., ii, 77, 85, 179. Tunderfeld. Carl A. H., ii, 207. Twiss. Capt., 94, 113 ; ii, 121, 132, 158, 255. Ueltzen, ii, 182. Ulilijf, Heinrich W., ii, 200. Ulmenstoin, Samuel J. A., ii, 272. Unjyer, Friedridi B.. ii, 271. Unper, Johann L., ii. 209. Unver/,agt, Ludwig, ii, 270. Valency. Capt., 193, 227. Valley Forge, ii, 59. Venango, ii, 253. Verplank's point, ii, 141. Villet, Col., ii, 161, Virginia, state of, description of, by Gen. Riedesel, ii, 60. Volkmar, Friedrich W., ii, 267. Vorstade, 31. Vorbrodt, Chaplain, ii, 266. Waldock, 61. Wallmoden, Geblmrd T. F., ii, 267. Warner, Col., 120, 121. Warwick, N. Y., ii, 58. Washington, Gen., 43, 53, 85, 125, 127,191,197; ii, 4, 30,44,53, 57, 08, 91, 100, 125, 129, 190, 202, 232, 237, 258. Washington, ship, 78. 90. Watcrtown (Muss), ii, 13, 4!(, W(!landa, Capt.,ii, 141. Welferd, Capt., 227. Wells, 121. Welsh, Alonzo, 139. Westminster, ii, 47. West Point, ii, 125. West Springfield, 215. Whipple, Gen. 137. White Plains, bt>. Wiesener, Christian F., ii, 268. Wilbur's basin, 146, 107. Wilkinson, Gen., 150. William Henry, Fort, 92. William, Hereditary Prince of lles- sia, ii, 98, 101, 215. Williams, Maj., 195. Williamstown, ii, 123. Willoe, Capt., 121, 147 ; ii, 137, 141, 148. Willford, Lt., 191. Winchester, ii, 100. Winter hill (Boston), the Conven- . tion troops encamp on, 210. Winterschimdt, Gottfried J., ii, 207. Wolfe, Gen.. 240. Wolfenbilttel, 32, 35. Wolfenbttttel, New, ii, 40. Wolgart, August T. G., ii, 270. Wolgart, JoLann F., ii, 267. Wol|)er8, Paul G. F., ii, 268. Wo