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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely Included In one exposure are filmed beginning In the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les csrtes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre flimAs A des taux de rAductlon diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de g&uche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessalre. Les diagrammes suivsnts illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^;r « ■■ ■ "T^ 1 '; ."k i § I * THE i = Old Settlements ^ OF LAKE ST. LOUIS ■>via:i3: i A LIST OF THE OLD AND NEW PROPRIETORS, f BY DESIRE GIROUARD, Q.C., M.P., D.C.L., Member of the Historical Society of Montreal. Author of " Le Vieux La^hine ", etc. m S V* > <•> « a i i- MONTREAL POIRIER, BESSETTE & CO., PRINTERS, 516 CsAiG Street. 1892 ^iniiiiiilijiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiini li'riinliiii!liil»liiliiiiiliiliiliil!iiiiii>iiii''i>i*'ii»ii'iiii''i''iiii'il'>*''i'i'''''i''i"i''i"^ ■•V ■ • '■ ii'' 1* 1 •fiiES Old Settlements OF LAKE ST. LOUIS "VvTITKC A LIST OF THE OLD AND NEW PROPRIETORS, BY Dtsmi: GmOUARD, q.c, m.t^., d.c.l., Member of the Historical Society of Montreal. Author of " Le Vieux Lachine", etc. » <•» <- \- MONTREAL POIRIER, BESSETTE & CO., PRINTERS, 516 Craig Street. 1892 . /7 6^ o. Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year 1892, by D68ir6 Glrouard, Q.O., M.P., in the office of the Minister of Agriculture. Loif] CONTENTS. La Presentation > * Lachine ^ • Lachine Church ^ Massacre of Lachine 7 Dorval S Beaurepaire ° Pointe Claire ^ Jean Guenet 1" St. Louis Chapel H Guenet at Lachine Bapids 15 Point Anaouy 1^ Settlement of Point Claire 16 St. Annes 17 Bourgeois and Voyageurs 18 Sir John Franklin and the Voyageurs 21 Departure of the Voyageurs from Lachine 23 Canods and Batteaux 24 Lachine in the XlXth Century 27 The old Trading Posts 29 Military men in old Lachine (foot note) 30 Fief Bois-Briant 34 Noblemen at Bout de I'lle 35 Future of Montreal Island 37 Appendix, to be found at the end of French version :— Tableau of the old and new proprietors of C6te de La- chine ''* Tableau of the old and new proprietors of C6te de la Pointe Claire 40 Tableau of the old and new proprietors of C6tp Sainte Anne • ^* List of the first Inhabitants of Lake St. Louis 49 Statistics taken from the Registers of Lachine 51 List of Traders and Voyageurs under the French Crown. 53 List of Bourgeois and Traders under the British Crown. 56 List of Voyageurs under the British Crown 59 Several proprietors along the shores of Lake St. Louis have evinced the lesire to have in pamphlet form the letters which I published in La Minerve and The Star upon " Dorval " and " Beaurepaire," I comply the more willingly with their request as both letters are in part a synopsis of the Vieux Lachine and of the Anciens Forts de Lachine, and I have thus the occasion to make a few corrections and additions to the latter. I have added a list of fur traders and voyageurs who for nearly two hundred years were in the habit of yearly leaving the shores of Lake St. Louis ; also a tableau of the old and new proprietors of the River Shore, from Verdun to Ste. Genevieve, together with the year of the concession and the numbers of the terrier and the cadastre. The tableau completes my history of the Lake St. Louis shores, and of the first settlements of Lachine, Pointe Claire and Ste. Annes; and with this pamphlet my historical researches terminate. " QuATRE- Vents," Dorval, 25th November, 1892. D. GIROUARD. i THE SHORES or LACHINE, POINTE-CLAIBE AND ST. ANNES. LA PR]£8ENTATI0N, That portion of the parish of Lnchijie which the Legihlature of Quebec has lately incorporated under the name of the village of Dorval, is, without doubt, the most ancient and perhaps the most historical part of the whole island, outside of the site of the city of Montreal. Chaniplain was thf first European who, in 1611, went over the- north shore of Lake St. Louis exploring from Lachine Rapids to> the Lake of Two Mountains. He was unable to find a single habitation. This locality was opened up to colonization about 1666, at the time that Cavelier de La Salle founded the village of Lachine, near the Canadian Pacific Bridge of our days. The three islands opposite bore the name of "Courcelles,' from M. de Courcelles, who first conceded them to Pierre Picot^ de Bel'estre. As the Seminary of St. Sulpice needed these islands to further the inte- rests of the establishment commenced on the Island of Montreal,, they secured ^heir concession on the 9th January, 1673, with the asstat of Piccte de Bellestre, in favor of M. de Fenelon, who at once opened up the clearing which is seen in the lower part of the largest of these islands, and somp'oted the establishment com- menced on the island of Montreal. This establishment consisted in a fief called at first "Gentilly" and later "La Presentation," of 19 arpents by 20, forming to-day, the lands situated between the heirs Herron and Dosithee Legault (Ht Deslauriers inclusively. It was destined for the education of the Indian children, who up to that time lived at the Seminary of Ville Marie. On this Jl«f, was constructed a wooden house, 53 feet long, with two cellars, one in masonry and the other in wood, a stone chimney, cabanes or log chantiers, outhouses, a barn and two stables, covering 93 feet in i - 4 — length, a hencoop, etc., the whole made of faced timber, piece over piece, covered with straw and enclosed with cedar posts. These buildings wf re constructed on the shores of Lake St. Louip, on the land now owned by Mr. A'exis Brunet, precisely at the spot where to day stand the summer residences of Mrg. Hamilton and Mr.W, P. Torrance, and formed what was called for nearly a century the " Fort la Prtisontation." One of the rooms in the house served as a chapel, dedicated to the mysteiy of the presentation of Mary in the Temple, and this name finally replaced that of " Gentilly," and was adopted for th'^ whole locality comprised from the Liesse road to the Grand Anse. It is nepdl-^ss to say that no trace whatever remains of these buildin.d by the Iroquois. The storm which favored their crossing from the Chateauguay river did not permit of their risking themselves above Dorval Island, where Lake St. Louis is several miles wide. The popula- tion of Lachine, from La Presentation to Verdun, was not so for- tunate. Ren6 Chartier, proprietor of the farm occupied to-day by Charles Dreary, son of Jean, near the little Bouchard river, his two sons and a small Indian, thf>ir slave, were massacred on the place where stands to-day the summer residence of Amable Lallemand. On the farm above, the property of J. B. 0. Martin, on the lot of Mr. Jos. Hutchins, the settler Jacques Morin, and one of his sons were made prisoners, and probably massacred at the village of the barbarous tribes His wife and four children escaped the carnage. So did the wife of Chartier and a young girl of fourteen. This latter, afterwards married Antoine Berthe- (1) The registers of Lachine make no mention of a cemetery till the year 1684. Before that time, every burial is stated to have been made in the chapel. The first burial "dans le lieu destind pour le cimctl6rc de la paroisse de la Chine, au pied d'une croix plant^e pour cc sujet", was that of Louise Magdelcinc Andr6, who died of fever on the 22nd of July. 1681. The first burial in the now stone church was that of Gabriel Perrin, August i, 1703. The first burial in the old chapel was that of Le Roy de Maran, made in Xovumber 1676. Begistres de Lachine, let, ancestor of the late Mr. Olivier Berthelet, The reader, who is anxious to have more details of these sad events, might consult my Vieux Lachine (1). During the war of 1812-13, Dorval became the seat of opera- tions of an important detachment of British troops on the farm of the Monet's now occupied by Benjamin Dt^cary. Oaptain B^y, father of MM. Rouer and Euclide Roy, went to Lachine with a corps of volunteers, and camped at a spot near the lock of to day. On reception of the news of the victory of Chateauguay, the volunteers returned to Montreal. c DORVAL. Not more than twenty years ago, Dorval was known only as the market of the lumbermen who brought down and anchored their immense rafts for months at a time, during the summer sea- son and even during winter. They had to go elsewhere in 1877, owing to the injun tions of the Courts, granted at the request of certain river side proprietors. It is from the decision of the Court of Appeals that dates the prosperity of Dorval, although for several years before, the beauties of the locality had attracted the attention of some amateurs of country life. In 1854, Sir George Simpson, acquired the three Dorval Islands from J, Bte. Meloche, the grandson of Antoine, for $4000. He erected on one of them a superb villa, which was occupied by himself and at times by General Williams. It was also at Dorval, on the Shackell property, that the military men of the times had their summer me?s, and the small cemetery, at the corner point of Dorval Island, contains the remains of several soldiers who died during their stay in the country. BEAUREPAIRB. The purchasers of Thompson's Point, at Pointe Claire, have handed me some old titles to that property which they have divided up into building lots, inquiring whether " Beaurepaire " is not the first name of that locality, and secondly, when it was colonized 1 This point, one of the most picturesque on the whole island of (1) Le Vieux Lachine and Lea Anciens Forts de Lachine are for sale at J. M. Valois, 1626 Notre Dame Street, Montreal. — 9 — Montreal, and which was subdivided last autumn, is one of the most sought for rendfz-vous by the citizens of Montreal. Messrs. Robert Reford, John Dillon, Fred. Birks, J. Murray Smith, Henry Putnam, N. T. Power, Walter Kavanagh, James Rendell and W. J. Goodhue, have built pretty cottages on it, and it is not surprising therefore that the proprietors should take an interest in its past. This point was always known under the name of Pointe k Gue- net. Such is the name to be seen on a map of the locality, dravrn up August 1st, 1770, by Jean Delisle, surveyor. One of the old title deeds, September 30th, 1700, styles it •• Pointe AnaSy, dit de beau-repaire." I believe this partly in- correct : " La Pointe AnaSy " (read Anaouy) is further up, upon another property of Guenet's and is shown on the Delisle map as distinct from Beaurepaire or Pointe k Guenet. Basset, who on the 10th December, 1678, surveyed this land appears to make the same distinction. Ho states that he "expressly repaired to Pointe AnaSy, on the concession of Jean Guenet, known as Beaurepaire." This point was always known under the name of Pointe k Guenet, the name of the first grantee : It remained in the family until October 7th, 1769. At that date, it went over with a large tract of land to Amable Curot, who erected a large stone house, the property of Mr. Reford to day. Jean Guenet acquired four arpents frontage by 20 deep on the lower line, to the east, on May 18, 1678, and eight arpents by 40 on November 28, 1694. Part of tho latter had been granted in 1678 to Guenet's cousin, one Jean Lemire, but it would seem that he never carried out any improvements on the land. His name does not appear upon the terrier, although mentioned in Basset's proces verbal of survey made by him the 10th December, 1678. In the deed of sale of May 18, 1678, the land of four arpents is described as being " at Lake St. Louis de la Chine and at Pointe de Beaurepaire, commencing on the side of the bay or ecor and standing wood, joining on both sides the unpre-empted land." LA POINTE CLAIRE. It must not be supposed that this portion of the island of Montreal was inhabited at that period, 1678. It was only twenty years later that the colonists thought of occupying it. Until then. -10 — the constant attacks of the Iroquois almost rendered impossible •all residence in that locality, several utiles removed from the forts. The nearest was that of JSt. Annes, erected in 1683, on the fief Bellevue, some few arpents above the church of the prtisent day. The redoubt of Pointe Claire was built only at the beginning of last century. The Fort La Presentation, at Dorval, was too far removed to protect the settlers, not only of Pointe Claire or Beaurepaire, but even those of Grand'Anse. The land register «nd old deeds show that all the lands west of Fort La Presen- tation to Grand'Anse, were conceded at the same time as those of Lachine, that is to say, from 1666 to 1685, whilst those of ■Grand'Anse, and all Pointe Claire, to the limit of Ste. Annes (Telenphore Madore), were only conceded in 1698 and after. Only six or seven concessions are to be found previous to this, the oldest of which is without doubt that of May 18th, 1678, in favor of Jean Guenet, but no possession in earnest took place till the end of the 17th cntury (1). JEAN GURNET. Guenet or Quenet contracted marriage at Montreal in 1675. Being a merchant, he indulged in scouring the woods, thereby incurring in 1680 a penalty of 2000 livrt-s "for having been in " the depths of the woods trafficking skins with the di^tant •' savage tribes." Jug. et D^l., vol. 2, p. 435. The penalty was iheavy, but a better example was to be expected on the part of a prominent citiz«^n. Guenet, moreover, was doing a good business. As far back at 1677, he was one of the head suppliers of Montreal. In 16'77, Mgr. Laval was notitied by M. Dudouyt that " Guenet h^s been paid what was due him of o'd, namely •" 4,7391. 19 s. whereof Father Ragut-neau paid 1,7391. 19 s. and " myself 3,0001. We stillowe him tliis year's supplies, amount- " ing, as you will see, by the invoice, to 1 750 I. *^ Canadian ■Archives, Report of Douglas Bremner for 1885, p. CXXX (2). Guenet was also comptroller of the King's farms and perceptor (1) Although ha was residing in the parish of St. Louis, probably on flcf Belle- vue, as early as 1681. On the 4th of November, 1681, Cl^inence, daughter of Jean Ouenet, "laboureur, habitant du bout de I'lsle de Montreal", wan baptised at Lachine. (2) Guenet was in France on the 4th of November, 1681, undoubtedly looking ■after his importations. Register of Lachine. — 11 — of the fees of the soigniors of the Island of Montreal, and was consequently acquainted with the situation of all the lands of the Seigniory. Then, as at the present day, the points on the river were sought after, and it is not surprising to see Guenet, who was in ccnstant negotiations with the Seminary, securing for himself, tome of the beautiful sites on Lake St. L')uis and the River St. Lawrence. We have seen him take the con-essicn -of Beaurepaire in 167i). The same year he acquired from the -sieur de Chain y part of the fief Bellevue, at St. Annes, Gvffe de Basse',, 10th December, 1678. In 1694, he took the grai.t of 8 arpents west of Beaurepaire, which to all appearances had been abmdoned by his cousin Lemire and other grantees In 1682, he induced Pierre Heurtebise, his brother in-law, to take up the title of concession of a farm situated in the Baie d'Urfd (to-day Chs. St. Denis), but having been returned to the s^-igniors, Gue- net obtained the concession of it on Oct. 21, 1685. This land was advantageously situated near the chapel < f St. Annes, at the Pointe Caron of our days. THE CHAPEL OF ST. LOUIS. The land book contains two intereoting entries on the subject of this chapel. At No. Ill it is said : "This land was formely *' intended for the church of St. Annes' and in the concession " made of it by the seigniors to the said L\londe ( J. Bte. de La *' Londe dit I'Esperance) they have reserved for themselves six " superficial arpents in front, to be taken 2 by 3 or 3 by 2, as it *' may please them. This mark " M " shows the reserved land ' called d'Urf^ Bay, on account of the Abbd d'Urf^ who had had •• built the first chapel of St. Annes on that spot." At No. 112, the land book shows : " This mark " .M " indicates the place " where formerly stood the first chapel of St Annes' occupied and " ministert-d by the Abbe d'Urfe, who has givea it his name." This chapel was built between 1683 and 1685 It did not exist in 1678, in as much as there is no mention of it in the deed of survey of the land of J. Bte. de La Londe, made on the lObh December, 1678, by Basset. It was in existence in 1687, since there is mention of it in the deed of concession to the sienr de La Londe. It is also mentioned in the burial register of this same de La Londe, who, — 12 — 1 with nine other Frenchmen (1), (of whom three were Holdiers pro- bably garrisoned at Mr. Le Uer's mill,) wan killed by the Iroquois in Heptember, 1087, and buried "near the parochial church." ThiK regJHter in Higned "d'Urfe, cure of the parish of St. Louis." De La Jjfjndo was buried in the church itself. The remains of the dead were unearthed at Pointe Caron in 18GG. (See Vieux Lac/line, page 12). The chapel existed in 1685, and before, because during that year St. Annes was erected into a parish under the name of St. Louis, and de La Londe was elected churchwarden ; but it did not exist in 1683, since, in the ecclesiastical census of 1683, it is declared that mass was celebrated in a private house at the upper part of the island, "there being neither chapel, nor presbytery." St. Annes was at that time under the spiritual charge of Mr. Remy, cure of Lachine (2). Mr. d'tJrfd, formerly missionary of (1) ThlHHtatornont, whlcli IsbiiHcd upon thcaiithorlty of Mjcr. TariKU'iy.SUoyal Hjicii'.ty, ISO, Ih Iricorroct. Two rlicd of natural duath, and ol«hf, only were killed by tha liOnde (lit I^tHperaiice, habiUiril dii hault de I'iHlede Moiitr<';al, eoinnie le lieu oi'i Je din ordi naintniiint lu inenHe d(! ruiUi iidHHlon (k-pendante dela paroiHHe doH HaintH AnKes de \ji<;hiuachine et miHnionrutlre do Haint-LouiH. Itcf/IMrc de iMvhinc, p. 7. What rcmaiuH of the rcglHtorH of Ht. AnricH from KIHG to 17()4 will be found at liachino. The reKiHtd the same on the llth June, 1707. Every inhabitant, from La Pr^ sentation to the extremity of the island, was reordered to " keep the roads along their abodes, to clean the same, remove trees therefrom, and construct the bridges necessary to render theio pasHable " ; the whole under a penalty of ten lis res payable to the parishes of Lachine and St. Louis. Guenet (the proprietor of Beaurepaire), was given special charge of the execution of this ordinance. Edits et Ord , vol. 3, p. 417. The names of the first settlers of Pointe Claire are to be found in one of the tableaux contained in the appendix. The parish of Pointe Claire was civilly t-rected only in the autumn of 1713; and the following year, 1714, the register of baptisms contains the entry of twenty-two births. It included then all the lands on the river front, from that of Nap. Valois to the Herron estate, at Dorval, inclusively, besides the lower portion of Isle Perrot. The limits were still the same in 1722, at the time of the passing of the arrit of the King's State Council in relation to parishes in new France. C6l« dea Sources or St. R^mi, is mentioned, but Cdte St. Charles leriding to day to Beaconsfieid station and Ste Genevieve, is merely pointed out as " a new cdte as yet unnamed " (1). ST. ANNES. The upper part of Isle Perrot belonged to St. Annes (2). Its present boundriries existed at that time, with the exception of C6te St Marie (3). The cure was also missionary of " the mis- " sion of th6 Nepissing Indians established on Isle aux Tourtres" as well as " the fiefs, (Seigniories is the proper term) of Vau- " dreuil and Sou'anges, situated opposite the upper extremities '• of the said Isle Perrot and the island of Montreal." The same arrit (3rd March, 1722) grants the inhabitants of said Jisfs per- mission to build a chapel " between the two ^e/s " wherein the ) Cdte St. Jean is not mentionned. (2) In the year 1711, this parish was still called " St. Louis-du-Bout-du-l'Isle." But in 1713, it was known under the name of "Ste Anne-du-Bout-de-l'Isle." Ri- giatrea de Ste Anne. The registers for 1712 and 1713 are missing. (3) From the date of its erection in 1685 to the time of the erection of the parish of Pointe Claire, St. Annes extended to the present site of the village of Pointe Claire. 2 — 18 — i I ■■ II .1 1 cure of St. Annes shall say mass once a month. Editi et Ofd. vol. ler, p. 443. In 1722. St Annes was th«'refore the most remote parish on the north shorn west of Montreal. Chateauguay was the last mission on th- south sh^re, and was administered l>y the mi-sionary of Sault St. Louis. In 1784, the Sault was served by Mr. Duchaniie, cure of Lachine. As already seen, the parish of Pointe Claire is yonngnr than the sister pari hes of Lachine imd St. Annes. It soon became the most important. During the milittiry period, from thi Nth October, 1761, to *.he 10th Augu.st, 1764, Pointe Claire became the headquarters of the first judicial district, containing the parishes from Sault au-RdcoIlet, St. Liurent and Lachine as fir as Cedars. In 1784, St. Annes was served partly by Pointe Claire and partly by St Genevieve. Point© Claire counted at thiit time eight hundred communicants, whilst theie were but three hundred at Lachine. Census of Bishop Briant, 1784, Report of Br e inner for 1889, p 41. In the same year 1784, the mission of the Congregation of Notre Dame, at Lachine, was transferred to Pointe Claire, " the population of Lachine having diminished instead of increasing." Les Anciens Forts de La- chine, p. 10. FUR TRADERS /.NiJ VOYAGBURS. Lachine soon regained her former rank of first villag.^ on the whole island or Montreal. In the winter of 1783-84, Benjamin Frobi.sher and Simon MuTavish, merchants of Montreal (1) started nn opposition to the Hudson Bay Company under the name of the North West Company. Up to that period, the Hudson's Bay Company had been doing the greater bulk of their (U " A little more than a quarter of a mile to the northward, moat conspi- cuouHly situated beneath the abrupt part of the mountain, is a mansion erected by the late Simon McTavinh, Esq., in a style of much elegance : this gentleman had projected great improvements in the neighbourhood of this agreable and favourite spot ; had he lived to superintend the completion of them, the place would have boon made an ornament to the island. Mr. McTavish, during his life time, was highly respected by all who enjoyed the pleasure of his acquain- tance, and as much lamented by them at his decease ; his remains were depo- sited in a tomb placed at a short distance from the house, surrounded by a shrubbery ; on a rocky eminence above it his friends have erected a monumen- tal pillar, as a tribute to his worth and a memento of their regret. Both the house and the pillar are very prominent objects, that disclose themselves in almost every direction." Bouchette, 1815, p. 161. — 19 — North West business by way of Hudson's Bay. The bourgeois of the new concern on the contrary choue the route of Ottawa and the lakes, the old road of the missionaries and the coureurs des bois. They penetrated to the Indian nations of the interior, and the Hudson's Bay Company were soon oblig-^d to follow suit. Lachine became the priitfipal warehouse of the merchandise and skins of nearly all the North West traders. Every spring they launched a flet*t of seven or eight hundred voi/ngeurs. About 1854, steamboats and railroads put an t-nd to the career of Cana- dian voyayeurs. Should the reader desire to learn the names a'^d the number of the Canadians who made yearly engagements for the North West, becoming the ancestors of the North West M^tis or Half breeds, he may satisfy himself by examining the records of coutempo-aneous notaries, among others Gray, Griffin and Mailloux. A list of some of these names collected from Gray and Griffin, from 1807 to 1824, will be found in the appen- dix. It will suffice to convey an idea of the bustle created at Lachine by the arrival and departure of these voyageurs every season of navigation. The memory of several bourgeois and their employees is still preserve I in Lachine. Without speaking of the small army of voyageurs that lumbermen such as John Chester, of La Petite Nation, William Hanoilton, of Hawkesbury, Jacob Heick, of Prescott, Clark and Street of Niagara (1), despatched every spring to Upper Canada, there were others sent out every spring by individual fur traders, from Lachine to the west, the trading posts of the Ottawa River, Lake Superior, Illinois, and the North West, from Like of Two Mountains to Detroit, Sault St Marie and the Rocky Mountains. Fran9ois Antoin« Larocque, J. Bte. Perreault, Charles Rtcette, W. W. Matthews, Chs. O. Ermating t, Dominique Rousseau, Louis Pinsonneault, Captain John Franklin of the Royal Navy, and others, engaged almost as (1) The Upper Canadian lumbermen, on the Ottawa river, La Petite Nation, and the St. Lawrence, and as far as the Bay of Quinte, were consitlerable in number at the beginning of the century. Every year they engaged in the district of Montreal, hundreds of Canadian voyageurs, handy alike with the woodman's axe, the canoe paddle, or the raftman's oar. The following names are all to be found in the Greffe of Orau, 1809 to 1812: Robert Fletcher, .John Colman, For- syth, Richardson and Co., James Cascallion, Wm Wells, VVm Johnson, J. Cum- mlng and McDonnell, Moses Carnalion, Martin Moore, R. C. Wilkins, Wm. Oviatt, Alex. Allison, Archibald McMillan, Thomas Ritchie, Parker, Gerrard, Ogilvy and Co, Donald Mcljonnan, Samuel D. Fleming, Robert Martin, Angus McLachlan, Richard Mears and Artemus Jackson, Duncan Cameron, Ezra Graves, Bradlish Billing, John Kcr and Benjamin Moir. — 20 — many voyageura as the North West Company. As late as 1821, the firm of McTavish, McGillivray and Company had a trading post at the mission oi Lake of Two Mountains, managed by Alex. Fisher as bourgeois and Gabriel Franch^re, fila, as clerk. Oreffe de Griffin. The reader may perhaps feel some curiosity, as to the nature of the articles of engagement of these emp'oyees. They were drawn up nearly in the following printed form ; only the salary varied according to the nature of the individual ser- vices. Some were engaged as ** devant " that is to say for the bow of the canoe, others amidships or " milieu ", others for the helm or " gouvernail ", and finally others as " hyvernants ", " clerks ", "interpreters" "guides" and "foremen". The term of the voyage was generally for the season of navigation just com- menced or about to confimence. The clerki and " hyvernants " were engaged for one or thn-e years. I submit one of the engage- ments as drawn up by Griffin. " Before the un lersigned notaries, residing in the City of " Montreal, in the Province of Lower Canada. " Was present J. Bte Navarre, de la Chenaye, who, by these " presents, did and doth of his own will bind himself to Mr. " Chas. Oakes Ermatinger, of Sault Ste Marie, F. W. Erma- " tinger hereto present and accepting for him, to start on demand " from this city, as " hyvernant ", on one of his canoes or bateaux " upon a voyage to Lake Superior, including the wintering there, " or to any other spot in the Indian Countries, as requested, for " the period of one year, to be free upon his return to Montreal. " Eight days "corvee" to be given by him at his pos^, and the " time of the engagement to run from departure. " And to carefully guard, both on the way and at the said place, " all f'tlect?, merchandise, provisions, skins, utensils, and all things " necessary for the voyagi^, to serve, obey, and faithfully carry " out all lawful and proper orders of said sieur Bourgeois or his " representative, to have an eye for his benefit, as well as to " avoid aught hurtful to him, warning him according to know- " ledge a<-quired, and generally to fulfill all the obligations of a " go id hyonrnant ; absence or the abandonment of service to " e itail loss of wages, besides the penalties inflicted by the " ordinances. The said engagement is so made for and in con- " sideration of the sum of four hundred livrea or shillings, old " currency of this Province, yearly wages, which said bourgeoia — 21 — " promises to pay and deliver to the said engage or hired party " one month ufter his return to this city, besides an ordinary " equipment when starting. " He acknowledges receipt at thw time of engagement of eight " dollars paid in advance. " Thus, etc , promising, etc , binding himself, etc., renouncing, ♦'etc " Done and passed at the said City of Montreal, in the year " one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, the thirtieth April, " etc, etc." SIR JOHN FRANKLIK AND THR V0TAGEUR8. of The name of Captain John Franklin, the celebrated explorer who has given his name to the Artie Sea by different expe- ditions from 1819 to 1847, has just been recalled to my mind. The thirst of discovery rather than the impulse of the fur trade prompted Sir John Franklin to penetrate into the North Coun- tries and the regions of the MacK^mzie River. Chateaubriand, in his " Voyages en Am^rique", 1827, (ed. 1885) p 248, states that '• Captain Franklin, who was sent to America in order to fur- " ther by land the efforts of Captain Parry, descended the Copper " Mine river (1), entered the Polar Sea, and advanced Eastward " to the Gulf of the Coronation of George IV, almost in the " direction and altitude of Repulse Bay. " In his second expedition of 1825, Captain Franklin descended *' the MacKenzie, and having contemplated the Arctic Sea, re- " turned to winter by Great Bear Lake, once more going down " the MacKenzie in 1826. Here, at the mouth of the river, the '' English expedition separated, one half in two canoes proceeding ** eabtward towardi the Copper Mine River, whilst the other also " in two canoes steered westward under the direction of Frank- " lin in person. " Ice floes arrested the captain's progress on the 9th of July, " but by the 4th of August, he went on his course. One mile " at the outside was all that could be covered in a day, owing to ♦' the flatness of the coast and the shallow water ; it was but sel- " dom that land could be reached. Dense fogs and gusts of wind " further impeded the progress of the expedition. (1) In the year 1824. ■^ n Is — 22 — " Nevertheless, they found themselves, on the 18th of August, «« in the 150th meridian, 70" 30' north latitude. Captain Frank- " lin had thus cleared more than half the distance between the " mouth of the Mackenzie and Cape Ice beyond Behring Straits. " The undaunted explorer was not wanting in provisions, nor " were the canoes even damaged. The sailors were all in good " health and the sea open, but the instructions of the admiralty " were positive in their prohibition of any extension of the explo- " ration, unless the captain reached Kotzebue Bay before the " commencement of the stormy season. He was cr>nsequently " obliged to return to the Mackenzie River, entering Great Bear " Lake on the 21st September. Here he was joined by the other " party, which had explored the shores from the mouth of the •* Mackenzie to that of the Copper Mine River. They had even " sailed as far as the Gulf of the Conoration of George IV, ascend- " ing eastward to the 118th meridian. Good shelter was met " with everywhere whilst the coast proved much more accessible " than that followed by Captain Franklin." See also Aubrey's Hintory of England, vol. 3, pp. 808, 809. Aubrey remarks that " Franklin's party endured dreadful sufferings which were ill " compensated by the exploration of a few hundred miles of " coast.' Fiank'in's travels are universally known, but it is not so gene- rally known that in this, as well as in many other expeditions, he was accompanied by Canadian voyageurs from the Province of Quebec. I was fortunate enough to discover in Griffin, their names and dom cile. In March and April, 1824, Hon. William McGillivray, of iIh' (irm of McGillivray, Thain and Co., agents in Montreal of the Hndsoiis' Bay Company, selected sixteen of the best Cana- dian coyayeara to accompany Franklin in the course of his explo- rHti"ii-. According to their engagement they were to go "in " one of his canoes, on a voyage to the Indian countries, from " ami back to Montreal, for a period of three years, wintering at '• such p'aces or posts as might be from time to time ordered by '« the said Captain John Franklin. And it is moreover especially " agret d and understood that the said hired party shall not be " bound to journey farther north than the Mackenzie River." Wages to be 1400 livres per annum, or fourteen times more than ordinary. The names of these courageous Canadians were : — 23 — Bow: Frs. L^fine, Berthier ; Andrd Letendre, Sorel ; St. Valier Fagnant, Berthier; Frs. Rinfret, Maskinongti. Amidships: Isi- dore Fieury, Maskinonge ; Fran9ois Felix (1), Sorel ; Cuthbert Amyot, Berthier ; Thomas Fagnant, Berthier ; Hercule Trempe, Berthier ; Pascal C6t6, Montreal. Helm : Bazile Lussier, Ya- maska ; Jacques Guindon, Sorel ; Pierre Ltipine, Berthier ; J. Bte Gagnon, Contrecoeur ; Antoine St. Denis, Rigaud, et Joseph Moniqup, Sault St. Louis, bow or helm. The following eighteen Canadians went with Franklin on his first voyag^' in 1819 : Joseph Peltier, Mathieu Peloquin dit Cr^it, Solomon Belanger, Joseph Benoit, Jos-ph Gagnt?, Pierre Dumas, R^n^ St. Germain, Joseph Forcier, J. Bte Parent, Ignace Per- rault, J. Bte B lleau, Gabiiel Beauparlant, Emmanuel Cournoyer, Vincenza Fontano, Michel Yerochant ■, Regis Vaillant, J. Bte Belanger, et Frs. Samandro. Narratii:e of a Journfiy to the Shores of the Polar Sea, etc, by John Franklin. Thirty years previously, in 1792-93, Canadian voyiyun had also accompanied Alexander McKenzle in the discovery of the Great River which bears his name. They were Fran9oi8 Beau- lieu, Alexandre Mackay, Joseph Landry, Charles Doucet, Bap- tiste Bisson. Francois Courtois and Jacques Beauth»>niin. — Joseph Landry and Charles Doucet had already been with him on a previous voyage in 1789. In 1884, more than a century later, the voyageurs distinguished themselves by their skill and coolness in the expedition l^-d by Wolsely to the relief of Gordon, at Khartoum. " History of the Corps of Royal Engineers," vol. 2, p. 15. DEPARTURE OF THE VOYAGEURS FROM LACHINE. Abbe Dugas, North West Missionary, from information received from one of the voyigeurs himself (2), speaks of the crowds that invaded Lachine during the two weeks preceding the departure of the voyageurs. " For a fortnijjht, these old hardy sons of " the north, revelled in a series of festival and sports, inviting all (1> The name " Boothia Felix " a point situated in the North Sea, may perhaps be traced to this voyageur. (2) J.-Bte. Charbonn6au, born at Boucherville, on the 25th of December, 1795. In 1815 he left for the North West, in the service of the North West Company. — 24 — " their friends to partake of the good cheer. Liquor flowed like *' water (1), followed by dancing in the evening. '* On leaving Lachine, the next point was St. Annes, at the ** extreme west of the island of Montreal. Although distant *' but fifteen miles, they always made their first halt at this viU *' lage, and the voyage was only supposed to begin in earnest ** when St. Annes was left behind. Before leaving, it was cus- ** tomary for the voyageurs to congregate in prayer at the church, *' bringing their greeting to the good St. Ann, and putting them- " selves under htr protection. At the time, this sanctuai-y was " about the last on the route of travel." Un Voyageur dea Paya d'en Haut, p. 23 33. " About the 15th of June, 1791," says Mr. McDonald, grand father of Mr. de Lery McDonald, " I left Lachine in a large ** birch canoe manned by 14 choice voyageura and our cook. A •• crowd of friends and spectators were there to witness our depar- •* ture, a great event before the time of thn bteamers. We landed " at Ste Anne, wh^re the men paid their d votion to their titu- •* lar Saint." Lea liourgeoia tie iOue»t, vol. 1, p. 12. CANOES AND BATTEAUX. Bouchette, Topographical Deacription, 1815, pp. 136-39, gives a graffic description of these primitive craft : " Daring the moaths betwv'en May and November, batteaux (X) The extent of the traffic of intoxicating liquors in Lachine has been the Bulitject of frequent comment. The charge is not altogether unfounded, but I think it exaggerated. Taking into consideration the commercial and geogra- phical situation of the locality, the good character of the population cannot be gainsaid. Lachine has ever been very much exposed to the temptation of alco- holic beverage. At the very origin of the colony, long time before the founda- tion of Montreal, and for more than a century afterwards, it was the trading rendez-vous of the Indian tribes. Sometimes they were kept for months as a means of protection against the inroads of the Iroquois. Of course they had to be f6tod, so that under the circumstances it is not astonishing if Lachine became the scene of grave disorders. Some fifty years later, Lachine became the head- quarters of the fur traders p. a rendez-vous for the North West voyageura, there- by entailing new dangers. The construction of the canals and railroads the large lumber basins, navigation, workshops, the neighborhood of an Indian Tillage and of a large city like Montreal, the drives along the river front and elsewhere, all combine to attract, on Sunday especially, an excess of strangers bent upon amusement only. Nor must it be forgotten that there exist but few places made up of a greater diversity of race and creed, in all 17 nationalities. Despite all these perils, the population has remained peaceable and of a pro- foundly moral and religious nature. Crimes are nnknown, and the public peace is seldom disturbed. In the twenty years of my residence in Lachine, I fail to leoall the commission of a single murder or manslaughter. — 25 — '!( •(( '(< '(( t( 'C( <( « ({ << <( tt ■n Ik 11 (( cade8 and Coteau lock, which had been commenced in 1779, were terminated in 1784. The result waa a great impetus to inter-provincial trade, by which Lachine bene- fited. Montreal merchants erected warehouses for the storage of their Upper Canadian goods or of the consignmeufs for this Province and Europe. The necessity of a more direct and convenient road between Montreal and Lachine was soon felt» About 1805, the Upper road or Chemin dei Cdteaux was straight- ened, levelled, and ballasted or macadamised. Report of the Commissioner of Public Works for 1867, page 447. Bouchette Topographical Description, p'fge 135, states that "this road was " formerly so bad, winding and interrupted by large ma>-ses of '• rock, that it was nearly a day's journey for the loaded carts " to go from one place to the other." He adds tht.!, during the season of navigation, boats to and from Kingston or elsfiwhere in Upper Canada were constantly arriving or departing Steam navigation secured the future of Lachine, followed as it was by the construction of the railroad bt-tween Lachine and Montreal,, in 1847, the oldest in the country with the exception of the La- prairie and St. John railway, built in 1839. But the most impor- tant element of b11, as regards the future, was the construction of the Lachine Canal in 1821-25, its enlargement in 1843-48 and 1877-80, that of the Beauharnois Canal in 1842 43, and the St. (1) About one hundred and flfty yearn previouHly, in 1669, Mr. de Gallintie,. priest of the Seminary of St. Sulpico, wrote a somewhat Himilar description of the bark canoe, in his narrative of the most remarkable events of the voyage of MM. Dollier and Gallin6e. Margry, vol. 1, pp. 117, 118. On the 6th of August, 1669, they started with de La Salle from Lachine, then known as " La Cdte St. Sulpice ", for the Indian territories of the West. I^s Ancienn Forts de Lachine, p. 19. Mr. do Gallin^e says that the only good bark canoe is the birch canoe made by the Algonquins. It took five dollars worth of clothing to purchase one from them. The white men charged a much higher price, and, according to Mr. do Oallin^e, his own cost 80 livres. These canoes generally lasted five or six years. He adds that the Iroquois canoes, which wi le made of bark of every description, were too weighty and only lasted about one month. The modern pleasure canoe is entirely made of wood, although nearly as light and undoubtedly stronger and safer than the birch canoe. 28 — P, Lawrence Canals in 1843. In Bouchette's time, 1815, passenger traffic between Montreal and Toronto, was carried on by ordi- nary vehicles, a matter of from twelve to fifteen days by a road called Montreal Road, along; the north shore of the St. Law- rence. Long after Bouchette, and until the opening of the St. Lawrence Canals, winter transportation was efiected by land, whilst in summer steamers were running on the lakes, at first on Lake St Louis, from Lachine to Cascades, and on Like St. Francois from Coteau to Cornwall. The r ipid-i were overcome by means of portages in stages drawn by fiur or six horses, I can very well remember, when only six or seven years of age, having seen one of these stages bowling along the planked road- bed of the Chemin dea Chirea. Should the reader desire to be- come acquainted with the mode of travelling of those days, I would refer him to the narrative of a journey made in 1839 by Mr. James S. Buckingham, from Toronto to Montreal and Quebec, • Canada, Nova Scotia, etc, pp. 88 93 (1). I believe the steamer " Union " to have been the first, or at all events one of the first steamboats a6oat on the Ottawa river. She ran between Long Sault and Chaudi^re, in 1824, and was owned by the firm of Shephard (Wm) and Campbe'l (Chs), of Quebec, Philemon Wright and Sons, of Hull, Thomas Mears and William Grant, of Hawkesbury. Grant whs her captain with one James Cochrane as Engineer. Grpffe of Griffin, 25th March, 1824. In 1812, Mr. Molson had two stean ers plying between Mon- treal and Quebec, time 48 hours with ih^ current, and somewhat more on the return trip. The fare was $10 going down and $12 on the upward voyage. Bouchette, p. 473. (1) Since the printing of the French version, I have received the following in- formation: "Ottawa, 17th November, 1892. Sir,— In answer to your letter of the 20th ult., asking date of the flrst steam navigation between Lachine and the Cascades, I am to say that the Lachine canal was completed in 1824, the first vessels passed through in 1825. The tlrst steamer on the St. Lawrence was the "Accommodation " built for and owned by Hon. .T. Molson. Her first trip was from Montreal to Three Rivers. It is described in the "Quebec Mercury", Monday, 6th November, 1809. The boat left Montreal the Saturday previous. The first locks at the Cascades were built from 1779-1783. " Captain Twiss, R. E. reports to his superior officer, that in 1781 280 bateaux passed the first lock, built then, and that the tolls for that season were £132.58.6d. " On the 3rd November, 1838, the steamer " Henry Brougham " was on the route from the "Cascades to Lachine", and was seized on that date, in the rebellion troubles. I have the honor, etc. " T. Trudeau, Acting Secretary." — 29 — Finally, Lachine has benefited perhaps in a greater measure than any other email town by the protective tariff, inaugurated by the Canadian Government in IH79 ; whilst on the one hand Canadian Pacific Railway magnates, merchants and manufacturers of Montreal, fostered by the protecive polic}-, erected m'tgni- ficent dwelling houses on the Lake St. Louis hhoreo, on the other, work shops clustered, as if by magic, in the central part of the town of Lachine. A splendid system of water and elnctric light works speak volumes for the rapid development of the locality. Twenty thousnnd dollars is the estimate of the yearly civic reve- nue. The population of 2406 in 1881 has swelled to 3761 in 1891. In 1881, #158,659 was the figure of the total manufac- tured products, as ngainst 81,358,325 in 1891 ; and during the same period invested capital increased from 0260,125 to $1,004,- 600 There were 105 employees in 1881, 696 in 1891, whilst the wages for the corresponding periods are represented by the figures 862,020 and $310,016. THE OLD TRADING POSTS. Lachine dates from 1666, when La Salle laid the foundations of the palisaded village of Lachine, at th^ spot of the C. P. R. brids{e. The mission of La Presentation Ht Dorval was founded nearly about the same time. Lachine became a parish in 1676, and St^ Annes in 1685. Considerable traffic was then going on at these two posts. Rene Cuillerier had his store below, on the lower roa'l, then known as C6te St. Sa/pic., exKctly on the site of the homestead of John Fraser, near the old aqueduct and th-^ King's stores. This post was known as Fort Cuillerier. Ad- joining s'ood Fort Remy, or Lachine (1), where Jean Mil lot, who purchased from La Salle did a large business. Some arpents further, to the west, upon the holding of Ed. Wilgre-s, to day, near the canal lobk, in the house in fact and the storehou>e that his family occupies today, was the trading d- pot of Charles LeMoyne d« Longueuil and his brother-in-law, Jacques LieBer. These are probably the most ancient buildings on the island of Montreal, having been built in 1671. A mile further up, near (1) In a note of Mr. Remy written obout 1705, it is stated tiiat tlie fort Lacliine was " vulgairement at suivant la carte de cette isle appelii fort Remy k cause " des trois redoutes k pierriers et canons que nous avons fait bastir de nos deniers." Rigistre de Lachine. The stone wind mill was used as the fourth redoubt. — 30 — the Lachine wharf, on the land at presen^. occu|ned by Hanna's Hotel, Francois L^Noir dit Rolland had n fort whiab boia hU name, and at which he did a large business. Two miles bpyond, at DorvHl, upon the land of Mr. Alexia Brunet, Pierre Le Qar- denr, Sieur de Repentigny, had also a fitore in the Fort d« La Presentation, which he had just acquired from the Seminary. Ihe history of all these forts is given in niy "Old Lichine," and my "Old Forts of Lachine" (1) (1) It Ih ovidont to ovory ono oxiimining tho roKlsters of Tjachino, thnt none of the HucceHHorH of Mr. Homy wore an careful in the dencription of the partioH to acts of civil HtatuH, but no fault can be found with regard to tho niilitAry, and if after 1706, no mention Ih made of the fortH, nor of the oftlcorM in command, it muHt have boon becauno they were no longer occupied by regular troopu, and if atill guarded at all, wore loft to tho care of tho local militia. It may be that the regular troopH were more needed at tho far woHt poHtH Huch bh 1a\, I'riiHontation, near ProHcott, Cataracouy, Niagara, Detroit, etc. Even, nt Ste AnnoH, a fort wao kept at I'IhIo aux TourtoH and an other one at Fief Honnovillo late in the 18th century. I have r^ovor in the regiHtors come acroHs tho name of a single officer in charge of Fort Cuillorier. We know from the report of Mr. do Catalogue, an oyo wit- nosH, that it was in existonco in 1680, and it is Rpccially alluded to in tho rogiaterH of thodth of Juno, 16»5, tho 28th of May, 1608, and the 24th of Hoptcmbcr, 1702. With regard to Fort La Pr«58ontation, it v, ould Boom that it was cither destroyed or aban- doned shortly after tho year 1680, .irolmbly in about 1601, when it passed to J.-Bto. Bouchard dit Dorval, who, when named in the registers, is never connected with the fort. The registers of 1687 and 1680 are the only ones which refer to tho com- manding officer, Mr. do Cruzol ; and an entry made in a register of burial of the 20th of May, 1603, seoms to estAblish that it was no longer in existence : Reference is there made to tho Fort of the Church or Fort Itemy, and "los deux autres forts", evidently moaning Fort Holland and Fort Cuillorier, which beyond doubt were still kept. I have collected from the registers of Lachine tho following names of military officers both before 1706 and since : Fort La Presentation .•—Claude de Masro, sieur de Cruzol, 30 septembro 1687 ot 2 dticembre 1680. Fort de VEglise ou Remy /—Jean Louis de la Corne, sieur de Chapt, comman- dant, 16 fevrier 1688. Jean Bouillet, sieur de laChassaigne, commandant, (Mr. de laChassaigne 6tait absent pour cause de maladie lo'.^ du massacre, 3 aoOt 1680. Voir Le Vteux Lachine, p. 37.) 14 juin, lor aoOt ot 2 d^cembre 1680; septembre 1600; 10 septembre 1702. Gabriel Dumont, sieur do Blaignac, son lieutenant, lor ao(tt 1680. Olivier Le Mcrcier, chevalier de Beaurepas, lieutenant, 2 d^combre 1680, 23 j uillet ot septembre ot octobre 1600. Joan do Liesselino, onsoigne ot commandant, ler aodt et 18 octobre 1680 et 21 mars 1690. Francois Le Gantier, sieur de la Valleo de Kan^c, commandant de 1602 a 1704. Jacques Malleray, sieur de la Mollorie, commandant, 3 j uillet 1600. Le Verrior, commandant, 11 mars 1703. Guillaiime de Lorimier, commandant, 12 juin 1706. Fort Rolland ."—Jean Dosp^r^, sieur de I'lsle, commandant, 22 fevrier 1688. C^sar Marin, sieur de la Massi^re, commandant, ler aoAt, le 18 octobre et 15 d^cembre 1689 ; 21 mars 1600. Daniel Crisolon, sieur Dulhut, (signe Dulhut), commandant, 7 juin 1700. — 31 — At StP. Annes, the Baie d'Qrf^ mission was opened about 1674, Bt Pointe Caron. Antoine de la Fresnay, Sieur de Brucy, thereto- •fore "lieutenant au regiment d'Auvergne," had in 1670, a fief on Isle Perrot (opposite Gird wood's Island), consisting of 10 arpenti by 30, where, as early as 1671, in addition to a big trade, he carried on the liciuor traffic with the Indians, on behalf of Mr. Perrot, Governor of Montreal. This post was considered more advantageous than any in La- chine. It was more to the front, and its proprietors were thus enabled to fore&tall the other traders when the Indians brought their f irs down the St. Lawrence or the Ottawa river. The post is famous in the history of the colony, on account of the troubles which it caused so many high personages in the year 1674, among others, de Pension, d'Urfe, de Brucy and Perrot himself. Le Bois de Brucy, on the fief de Brucy, lie Perrot, opposite St. Annes, is called after the Sieur de Brucy. In 1815, the fief de Brucy belonged to the representatives of Ignace Chesnier. Bouchette, p. 166. In 1672, Robert Perroy, Mathurin RouUier and Toussaint Huiiault dit Desuhimps were already installed at the end of the JacquoH Dumotiny, Hioiir do Nuray, (Hi^nc f)iimcHiiy), conimandant, 18 aoambland of twenty five years hence' It can be predicted within the bounds of probability, that the whole island will form but so many wards of one city, with no other boundaries than the waters whicii surround it. With Mount Royal in the centre, the noblest of rivers to the south, the Back River north wards, and a territorial tract of sufficient diinen-ions to permit of all the necessary embellishments and luxuries of a modern city, Montreal is destined to become the finest maritime city in the world.