^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // fc 6? 1.0 12.2 I '- IIIIIM 1.8 I.I 1.25 111 1.4 IIIIII.6 'm A? ^Nf 4 ^j4 ^ J^' % ^ y ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Certains d6fauts susceptibles de nuire d la quality de la reproduction sont notAs ci-dessous. 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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul cliche sont filmdes d partir de I'angle sup6rieure gauche, de gauche d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la m6thode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ if § '\' * it '.4 .,] i '791-93 : : : iSgi-g;, Illustrated Toronto Bv G. MERCER ADAM /'/ i:i isiii n AT y. McCONi\lFl<\ isios /ii ki. r ./(.7:'.\ /, Oiii, !■:: UOrL'NIiA WI.VDxiR IIOII;!, J/(.'.V77v' /•.■.-//,. '/■(>/,• O.VJO: .so/.n /;y all hookse/.lers. " T/w Ouccu City of tJw 1 Tcsr Kiltiiri'.liicv.ir.nTii{I 1 A'-l "I III' I'.irii iiiu'iil .ilC.iii.nli. In Mm y.'.ir l«lil, liy .1, M^ C'lwln. :il tlm l)i-|i:irliii.'iil cif A,'rl ■iilliil.',"it7iTwri. / Sp$cially engraved /o*\ HiKii's Kyk ViKw OK Toronto. \^ I II nitrated Toronto." ILLUSTRATED TORONTO I »;«;jjui— i4^sii i;.\Ri.v sri'i', oi' rui': err v. ^^^ ORONl'O, "tlic (jiiL'cn ("ilyol" llic West," liad an earlier liistorv llian tl^at associated Jji\;l uitli tile name of John (Ikavks Simcdk, its loyal military rounder and first m^ ( iovernor of the I'rosince. i'ifty years before Siniroe eanie to enter ujion his administrative duties, in what was then a forest wilderness, the P'rench had estab- lished a tratlinti-post by Ontario's shores with, the design of relaininu in their hands the commerce in furs which the Indians had hitherto carried roimd the lake to the laiulish |)osts at Xiai^araantl ( !h()uei;uen (Oswego). .\ monimiental |)illar within the enclosure of the l-^xhibition drounds marks the site of this early stockade. Its position was favourable for comiiierce with the native tribes that made use of the Mumber Ri\er, long k.iown as "the Pass bv Toionto," in their passage from Ontario's waters to the country of the llmons and to the lii|uid hij,hway to the i'ar West. 'I'lie post, which was known sometimes as l''ort 'i'oronto. and sometimes as fort Ro'n'lle. was destroyed in i75'^>, to |)re\ent its falling into the hands of the 1-aiglish, when I )esliny decreed tint the Cross of St. Cicorge should supplant the //iw c>iii the wild- erness was to ha\e its l)ounils si't ; it was to he given a Constitution; and a l.ieii- tenant-Ciovernor was to lie sent out to call into existence the machinery of gv)v- crnment and to administer the Provin- cial affairs. The choice of a Governor fell upon Major-deneral Simcoe, son of a na\al ofticer who had served with Wolfe at (^)iiel)ec, and himself an active and heroic campaigner in the Rexolii- tionar\' War. As the. Commander of the"(Jiieen's Rangers,'' a Royalist Corjis which had been raised in the Revolted Colonies and had there done loyal ser- vice for the Crown, the choice was a fitting one. It was this chielly, since it placed at the head of the Civil CoNern- ment a tried olVu er of thi.' King who hail won the conlidence of the hand of U. E. Loyalists which hail settled in ichie\ed Independence. .Simcoe arrived in the Colony in 171)2, and, after 4 .♦v->#«l«ii^ II KiNc, \Mi SiMior. SruKK r> organizing iiis (lovcrnnicnt ;it Kiiiuston, lu' iiroct'L'clcil to Niag- ara, where lie suminoneil tiie first Provincial i'arlianient. When this had met and been ])ror()giieil, the (JoNernor set out on a tmirthrough the Province, to inform himself of the physical features of the sphere of his almost kin,ul\- duty, and with tile design of selecting a site for the Capital. It is interesting, now almos> a century afterwards, to review the e\ents connected with this fuiding of a capital. Lord Dorchester (Sir (iuv Carle- ton), then Cio\ernor of the Lower i'nnince, was, we learn, in fuour of Kingston: while Sinicoe, it seems, had in \iew a site on the hanks of ilu' 'riianies. As we shall presently see, however, neither Kingston nor the site where London has arisen, was chosen, hut a section of the Iakvis SruKi.r (WKsr sick), nkak Hi.ook Port ok Toronto in 1841 From a contemporary firint. y region since overspread hy tlie capital, lying between the Huniher and the Don. Within these limits, now indeed almost overspreading them, lies the city of to-da}'. YORK (roKONTo) i5Kf:O.N[KS THE CAPriWI,. As ilie years pass 1)\', the |)atriot citi/en will witii increasing interest let his imagination lini^er on tiiat nu-morahle scene, witnessed hy a handful of Mississaga Indians, in 'I oronto harbour on that beaulifiii May morning in the )ear 179.5. 'I he subject is one worthy to be commemorated by tiie skilled brush of the historic painter. It is a procession of State barges, in one of which sits erect the sturdy figure of the (lovernor of the youthful colony, scamiing with eager delight the finely .^heltered basin which he had just entered, and whose experienced eye, ohser\ing the cleared delta of the Don, at once fixed U|)on it as the site of the future capital. History has preserved to us a contemporary record of the ap[)earance of Toronto harbour, in a descri[)tive reminiscence of Surveyor-deneral iioucheite, then I'ligageil in a jirofessional tour of the lakes. "I distinctly recollect," says the pioneer hydrographer. "the untuned aspect wiiich the country exhibited when first I entered the beautiful basin. Dense and trackless forests lined the margin of the lake and rellected their inverted images in its glassy surface. The wanderii.g savage had constructed his ephemeral habitation beneath their luxuriant fi)liage the group then consisteil of two families of .\Iississ;'L'as and the bay and neighbouring marshes were the hitherto uninvaded haunts of immense coveys of wild fowl." 'I he beauty anil shelter afforded by the Hay of 'I'oronto -as the [)resent writer has elsewhere observed were such as readily to commend the site as a desirable one for the location of a city. It gave access, as we have seen, by the most ilirect path, to Lake la (Hie (Simcoe) and the waters of Huron, and lay in close [)roximity to the Humber river and "the Place of Meeting," as the word "Toronto" denotes, of the Indians of the great Huron-.Mgonciuin family of the region. .Moreover, it was within easy hail of Niagara, the IJritish fort on the opposite shore of the lake, and in the line of communicuion with the iiareiU colony in the ICast. How these advantages were to tell in favour of the selection of Toronto as a capital we already know ; what the embryo city was to become we shall ere long discover. 7 Toronto, from the Island. ■IHK BECHNXINdS OK TORONTO. *■ W'licn, in the fulness of time, Simcoo and the advance guard of civili/aiion a|)[)eare(l on the scene, all that there was of jiunian interest to i;reet the new-comers were, as we learn, "tlie two families of Mississagas," whose lone wigwams were pitched on the wooded shores f)f the harbour and the lake. Nor were other sections of the Ontario jjeninsula then more populous, if we except the district which tlie Crown reserved to the .Mohawks, in the valley of the (Irani! River, for the jiart they had taken in the Revolutionary War on the loyal side. Of the great Huron nation that once densely pojjulated the region north "f Toronto, there remained only straggling renuiants, to recall the doom of the tribe at the remorseless hands of the I ,uois, in the mitldle of the seventeenth centurv. Xatiue had done her share in obliterating the marks of rapine and bloodshed which then stained the earth : but. though she had reclothed the region with her green garment, the human life had not been renewed, to play a fiuther i)art in the tragic drama of inter-tribal strife. A new era had come ; and, with it, the savage ])astime of the redman was to give place to the i)eaceful toil of the white. When .Sinicoi' made choice of his capital, he went energetically to work to create it. 'i'o those who look U|)on Toronto in the glor, of to-day, it must be said, he builded better than he knew. Marvellous has been the transforma tion, and that wit'iin the brief space of a hundred years I .\s yet, however, it was but the cradling-time of the city- that-was-to-be : and modest were its outlines even long after the Simcoe regime. The real germ of the town was the (lovernor's canvas-tent (it had belonged to the navigator ("retain ("o(jk), in which, on an o|)en space by the mouth of the Don, the sturdy soldier-administrator spent a winter, while the (,)ueen's Rangers were set the task of hewmg down the forest and clearing a site for the Upper Canada 'Westminster.' The latter consisted of two large halls, in one of which met the Courts of Justice, in the other the IVovincial I.egislnture. Almost concurrently with the erection of these buildings, an arterial line of communication was cut by the soldiery for thirty miles through the virgin woods to the Holland River and the waterways to the wes% while a post-road, traversing the Province, was also hewn out of the forest, giving access to the heart of the peninsula and the old French settlements and English military posts at the I )oti()it and Ijcyond. In the airy canvas-lionie of the CioNcrnor, Simcoe, we are told, dispensed a lavisli liospitaiity, for he iiad a frank and genial disposition ; and as politics had not then hei^iin to warm the atiiios])heie, there was need of good eheer and the fervent manner of a kindly host. 'I'iie cares of governnient, we also learn, were varied by gul)ernatorial tinirs through the Province, and by picnics to the smnmer chateau, which Simcoe had built for himself at Castle I'Vank, on the heights overlooking the Don. ( !ircumstances, luihappily however, cut short .Simcoe's stay in Upper Canada, and his removal came before the buildings were ready for the fust meeting of I'arliament in the inlant ca|)ital, which, in honour of the King's soldier-son, he had christened the royal town of N'okk. This was the name the city )ore up to the year 1S34, when, with incorporation, it resiuned its old Indian designation, the beautiful and sonorous appellative of 'I'onoNro. With Simcoe had come, and to some extent he had been preceded bv, many men of good muscle and brain, who ere long approved themselves fine material for the rearing of a new commonwealth. .\ portion of the brain element devoted itself in the youthful community to professional life and the cares i;f office ; while the muscle and fibre contingent took to the TRiNirv University KllLICAIlON Or I- UK. Inimlilcr, yet useful, tasks of ngrirulturc and trade and the building of a town to dwell in. Under the joint operation ol ihesL' forees, th',' social and industrial develo])nient of \'i)rk went on ajjace. The one century closed and tiie other o[)ened upon a scene of active toil and hard -won achievement. Xor was the fiekl of labour c^onfuieil within the raiiL;eil limits of the embryo city. The recesses of the siu'roimdinu forest were invaded by comaiieous settlers, seeking to IoiukI a home for themselves and their families in the woods. To these hardy and selfdi'ining pioneers the cit\' and Pro\ ince owe a debt which even veneration of their memory can but ill rei>ay. TORONTO DURIXC. WAR TIMl'. .WD IN RITil'.I.I.ION. With the year 1S12, the infant city had for drv-nurse the hag •>!' War. and hea\y was the hand that reared her for nearh' thirty months afterwards. N'ery noble is the story of this era in the annals of the yoimg connnonwealth. With the beginning of the year there had been mutterings of a coning stotm, voimg Republicanism not having got over the acrimony of separation, while the militant party among the American people was still buterly hostile to ICngland. It was an unlllial act, just then, when the Motherland was in the throes of her desperate lonllict with Napoleon, to seek cause cf ([uarrel with her, anil to precipitate an imading host on her loyal (Canadian colonv. Congress in 1812, how- ever, was in a bellicose mood, ami the war-party of the time was led by reckless, designing men. Tiiough they expet:led imich, little diil the Americans gain, by the invasion of Canada. L'nei|ual was tlie struggle and great the tlis|)arity in mmibers in the two opposing countries. In the ISritish Colon)' the po])ulation did not exceed _^oo,ooo, of which only about a fourth was settled in the L'[)|)er i'rovince. Its I'ighting strength, all told, was no! more than 4.500 men, of which only a moiety were "regulars." Less than a third of this nmnber was then in L'i)per Canaila, where it had a frontier of over 1,300 miles to defend, threatened at many points by a large antl fairly disci[)lined armv. The |)opulation of the United Stales was at the time close ui)on eight millions. Though war was declared, nominally, ag.iinst Creat Itritain, its brunt tell wholly, or almost wholl), upon Canada. l''ortunately, she huJ then as acting- Atiministrator a gallant ICnglisli otticer, Sir Isaac Riock, with a patriotic and high- ^/•etiaiiy cngrnit'd ot\ r.NlV KU-'l I V 111 TdKON III. I" /liiislralnl r,n,I( Dos tl) ll ;iiul Ml I iIk' ft)rt. pilr the Id K' llaiiu' . the pulilic l)iit tlie joy witli wliich this success was hailcil was ere long turned to sorrow at the deatli of the yoimg nation's lieroon (^)ueenston Heiglits. Witli iirock, there fell many a loyal citizen of N'ork and gallant yeoman of the I'roxince, and their death brought mourning into nuni- herless bereaved homes. Hut N'ork itself was now to suffer from a closer contact with the enemv. In the spring of the K.llouing year, the Americans fitted mU some ships of war to harass the hrave little colony on the waters of Ontario, .\hout the end of .\ >ril. the white- winged menace made its descent upon the capital, 1 )e,i 'lorn's troops effecting a laiuling near the Humher River, imder fo\i.i 'a hot lire from the fleet. 'I'lie attacking coliumi, which was led \i\ Drigadier I'ike, marched at once upon l''ort Toronto; liia thougii its defences wi're weak and the ('anadian militia in numbers a mere handful, the invaders received, as it seeuis by accident, a horribly sharp and lui- expected welcome. Thinking to take the fort easily bv coup df main. Tike jiirshed on his assaulting coliunn luitil it had gaini.'d the oiu- works, when, suddenly, there was a terrific explosion and the .\iueriean IJrigadier, with 200 of his eommand, were unceremoniously shot into the air. The |)owder maga/ine, so tratlition has it, had been liit'd bv an ar'dlery sergeaiU of the retreating defence, no longer able to The fuse \v;is lit, it is said imdesignedly, at the crisis of the attack, ami calamitous indeed was the resiili. check, the ,\mericans advanced upon the town, much of which was incontinently sa( ked and given To complete the humiliation of \'ork, the Houses of I'arliainent were burned, together wih tlu' library records, while everything of value that could be removed was put on board the lleet. '4 Mas I KK Umvkksitv. 'I'hivc nioiitlis later, the ill-starred caiiilal had to suhinit to a further scorehini^and lootiiiL; at the hand> of the Americans, to avenL;e the aid t;iven hy the N'nrk militia to the lirilish com- niaiider in his defence ol niirlinuton Ileiuhts. l-'or this second act of wantonness the in\aders had to j>av smartlv, in losses elsewhere, and in j,'rim rijirisals in the later history of the conllicl. I'ora while, fortune was <-a])ricious, now favourinn the one side, anon the other. i>ut the war closed with well-won honours for the l)ra\e little colonv. The successes at ( 'hati.'auj;uay, ('hr)sler's |-'arm and i.undy's i.ane more lliaii offset any loss its arms sustained, while they carrieil to the credit of the national life that which has since strentithened and enn;)l)led it. Tile Treaty of (ihcnt, which was signed towards the close of the year 1S14, hroui^ht the jirotracted strugnle to a cKjse and enabled the colony to resume its peaceful pursuits. The cessation, just then, of hostilities in luu'ope was also hel[)ful to Canada, as it set free several Hritish rei;iments for ser\ice here, not a few of whose officers and men were ere long gi\en tlieir dischari^e, with lilieral urants of land, on which thev settled anenlalive of the cluuch militant, who had latelv come to the citv, in mitig.Uini; the hardshi[)s and 15 ' Osiiooni, IIai.i.. alleviating the distress of the time. I'his was the Rc\. John Straclian, Archdeacon of \\)rk, and afterwards the llrst llishop of Toronto, wlio, with rare zeal and self-sacrificing (Ie\i)tion, organized a "I, oval and Patriotic Society" for the succour of those wounded in the war ;uul the relief of the widows ami or|)hans. X'ery beneficent was the work accom- plished l)y this society, thanks to the jiatriotic ardour and resourceful en- ergies of the then youthful ecclesias- tic, who, later on, was to figure largely in the annals of the cit\- and the |)ro\ince. With the return of peace. N'ork set itself the task of laving anew the foundations of its material advaniemeiit. Immigration set in, and increase of numhers not only L'iri;k (-anaua Con k.;k. gave a fresh impulse to the city, but led to the further development of the province. Attention was also directed to im|)roving the facilities of communication bv land and by water, while the period is to be credited with the organi/atioii of steam transit on the lakes. I'rosision for education was also iiKule about this time, with other e.xtensions of tiie 17 intclli-'ctual and social life of the coinimmity. As the result of this activity, a new day dawned upon Wnk and the yoinig colony. Into the Colonial i'aiadise there ^ ion crept, imhai)pily, the Satan of |)olitical dissension. .\n autocratic admin- istrative system, in lime, gave birth to evils sure to be resisted in a comnumity of freemen official favouritism and the rule of a Jimto, which came to be known as the " I'amily Com[)act." .\gainst these sinister elements in the State, Reform rose to do battle, and for \ears there himg over the colony the im-id clouds of party strife. 'I'he history of this period is too well known to reiiuire portrayal here. All we need do is to record the issues of the conflict in Rebellion, and its menace to the life and progress of the long iierturbed capital. In these contentions of the time the dis[)assion- ate reader will, of coiuse, recogni/e that there were two sides to the quarrel. If privilege arrogated to itself |)ower and the |)atronage which power loves, this, under the circumstances, was not to be wondered at. N'or was privilege just then, when Rejiubliian sentiments were dangerously i)re\alent, without its virtues, not only in stamich loyalty to the ('rown, but in its respect for JJritish institutions. On the other hand, it was in otr!<'e, and not always scrupulous of how it conducted itself in office. With long monoi)ol\' of |)ower there had crept in abuses and an idea of vested rights and l)rerogative alien to the public good. i'lie other side fought valiantly and with equal jjatriotism for its own haiul. Its chief clamour was to make the administration responsible to the representatives of the |)eople. The Tory party saw not contmnacy alone, but treason, in the crv. Rut on this line the battle was fought, and, in time, the po|)ular liberties gained the day a.nd what is now known as " Responsible ( ioxernment " was yieldetl by the Crown. liefore these gains were won the patriot-spirits of the new er.a had to resort to rebellion. I'.rief nuist be oin- narrative of the incidents of the seditious "rising." Of the martvrs for reform, the chief was W'm. I.xon .Mackenzie. ^\'hen Toronto was incorporated, in 1S34, .Mackenzie was its fnst .Mayor, i'or ten years [ireviously he had in his journal led the vanguard of jiolitical agitation, espousing the sacred cause of the people, liecoming their idol, he was returneil to Parliament, and there, with his Ratlical allies, he gave voice to the i)o|)ular discontent, seeking constitu- tional remedies h.>r the evils of government, lia'ilked in this, Mackenzie resorted to incendiary measures to gain his purpose, and forthwith |)lotted rebellion. Allying himself with the leaders in a similar revolt in the Lower Province, iS Mnrkcnzie sought to overturn con- stitutional rule, such as it was, and erect a rei)ul)lic. Early in Deceni- i)er, 1S37, an insurj^ent force gather- ed to tile nortli of Toronto and for some days menaced the caiiital. Had the town !)een at once marched upon, it must lia\ .• lalJen into the iiands of tlie rebels. Luckily the attack was averted by procrastina- tion, which gave time for tlie defence of the town, by the resort to it of a body of loyal militia. The latter met the insurgents, but only to see them run. The end was a fiasco, though "the rising" was not without its meas- ure of redress, in the political am- elioration which it brought in its train. Tliis came with the Union of the I'rovinces, and with the ultimate gain of Responsible Ciovermnent. "The rising,'' it should be borne in mind, was not against the ( 'rown, but aganist the Crown's representatives, and colonial misgovernment. Nkw .McMcir.M. A.NO C'ou.NTV buii.ni.Mis. I' ROM riiK Ri;i!i;i,i,i()N to c'()\ii:i)i:r.\iion. Alter tl imiirisomiH'nt, 10 cvciUs just iiarnitcd. Toroiitn hastened to purge itself of the taint of treason, l-'or a time outlawry, and social ostnn i^tn kt pi disloyaltx' at a discount, aided liv the grim constraints of a coujile of hangings. Hut Reform had not failed to get in its work, and diis showed itself l)resently in the commg of Lord l)urham and tlu' presentation to the Imperial authorities of his elaliorate Rejiort. Acting upon this, the I'Niierinient was made of uniting tlu' two ( 'an.idiis, having a Legislative Coiuicil and .\sseml)ly in common, with ecjual represen- tation in both i)ran(hes, and an I'lxecutivc Coimcil, which should hold otficc only so long as it conunanded the support of a majority in the [)opular Chamher. Thus was gained what Reform hail long contended for government l>v the |)eopli-, the essential prim ipli' of res|ionsil)le jiolitical rule. This, h,)wever, was not gained immediateh'. for it took time tor the .Mother Couniry. ill jireparid as yet for the change, to reconcile itself to jiarting with the Ro\al prerogati\e; while several ( iovernors were to come and go i-ri' the ( "rown I'ould look with complaci'nc\- upon the surrender ol its |iatron- age, including appointment to olTice. There were al>.o dillicultie^ within the colony, the result of racial jealous)- and the strife of la<'- lion. which staved the full coming of Resjionsihle ( iovernmiiit. Time, howe\er, liroiight the boon at last, and political freedom gave rein to the a()rt ; and not less gratifying are the cit^-'s attiactions as a ])lace of residence. I'lie charm ot Toronto in this latter respect is great. Its metroi)olilan eminence may be judged by what the c-it_\- has attained within the i)rief periotl since Confederation. In 1.S67 the |)o|)u- lation was luider 50,000, and the realty 20 millions ; to-day thepoi)ulation exceeds 200,000, KiNc, SrnF.ET, i.onKiNc FAST, sourn sikk ■.•liik' the realty is niountiiiij; u]) to 150 millions! The imports of tiie city within the i)erio(l show a like marvellous advance. In 1867 theamoimt was a trille over seven millions; in 1891 they approach tweiit\-one millions 1 The strides in |)opulation. in im|)orts, and in the value of ratable pni|iertv are niatched l)y 'I'oronto's t^rowth in other directions, particularly in the \ast develop- ment of its financial ri'sources, which are now estimated at over a hundred ami lift) millions ! 'I'he activities and achievements of the ])ast are happ\' augurs of the activities and achievements of the future. l''roni \\\'-\l Ttjronto is we may indite what Toronto will yet become. What it //(IS been, it is not a little curious now to look back u|)on, fors^iaiU iiave been the strides in the cil\'s develoimu'ii . .\s we near the hundredth anniversary of the foundinji of 'I'oronio, the historic memory will rcLjard with a keen interest the embryo capital of the Sinicoe regime. To trace the windings f the road traversed in these lumdretl years is to trace the annals of a stream of life rich in every element that makes for the Well-being of a nation. When one thinks of 25 VoNGE Street, looking north, east jilie. wliat till.' citv lias ln'Cdim'. it sivms marvellous that its rrndliiij^-tiinc was hut a CLTitury ago. 'I'hcii, the world of L'|)|)i.t Canada '.•(.'iitc'ii.t! uu'ivly at two pin points on l.akf Ontario Kingston and Niagara and, when Toronto was founded, riule was the political and social life which revolved round these |)rimitive towns. Later on, the area of that little world was enlarged hy another landing on the wooded shores of the lake, which was destined to expand from a mere foothold tothe sjwce now co\ered hy a great metropolitan ( ity, with a Province lichind it, Imjierial in its hoimds. Kemote, judged hy the achieveimnt. seems that natal time: yet, compared with the life of nations in the Old World, it is bin yesterday. ( 'ommunities on tliis continent live fast ; lint if all the human life has jiassed away that ha i its birth- time when Simcoe'^ s.dute was fired in the harlioiir at the christening of the city, interest in the event remains, and must increase as the passing \ears add to its im|iort and significance. ■lORON 1<), •JOI'OC.R.M'IIIC.M. .WD DKSC R I I' ,1 V l",. The attractions of Toronto are great as a [ilace of residence. I*, has not the striking, pictnres(iiie features of the old historic cities of ('anada, such as (Quebec, Montreal, or even Halifax : but, in its water-front, at least, it possesses much natural be.iiity, while tin; citv proper is not lac king in artistii- adornment. 'The ap])roach by steamer on the lake is singularly line, as is the \ii\v of the citv from the Island, with the colour and movement of the myriad craft tii.it ply between. W'h.n thexisitor jiasses from the whar\es into the trat'tic of the streets, with the imposing arrav of substantial warehouse's and eleg.int public buildings, the im|)ression gainetl is that ofa wealthy metropolitan city, full of I'literprise and activity. The impression is heigluenod if one's jieregrinations enable one to take in the wides|)read area of Toronto, including the chief residential ([uarters, with their many fine examples of comfortable and artistic homes, and their varied architectural beauty. 'To the stranger, not less interesting will be tlu' study of the institutions of the I'roviiK ial (.Capital, with even a passing gl.ince at its industries and commerce. 'The human types of the city will also be material for observation and retle( tion, as they rec.ill the ])areiit stock in the liritish Isles, whence, for the most jiart, have come the builders of the )oung commonwealth. And not only will their [ihysical as[)ects and pliy.siognomical traits remind 26 tlic i)I)sorvor of tlic racial origin of tlie iieople. l)iit tlicir ICn^lisli s|)i'(.'(h and other old coimtrv clKiiactcristii ., witli nianv ol thf maiiiKis and customs w' , a|t|)i.rlain to tlic Old Land. ^ ''I I'urthcr will ihc visitor iipresscil witi'. the I'ritish aspect of the jilacc when his eye li,ni,>.-. on the nomenclature of the streets and the historic designation of not a few of the lity's jilaces of imhlic resort, its educational, eleemosynary, and other institutions. Toronto, it will hi' seen, lies on a liat plain, with a rising inclination to the northward. It covers an area of ahout sixteen s(|iiare miles, intersected by over three hundred miles of streets. Tin.' streets, like those in the modern cities at least of the New World, cross each other, .dmosl without deviation, at rii;ht angles. .Most of them are now closely huilt U|)on, well paved for the most part, though they might lie cleaner than they are: and the principal thoroughfares arc brilliant with electric lights. On the chii'f thoroughfares the tram-cars ply in all directions ; ancl soon the city is to have the coinenience ol a lielt-line railwav. eiicom passing the town and giving access to its many attracli\e suhurlis. I'he residential jiart lies ( hielly to the north and west of the husi ness section, and is graced hy lunnherless handsome villas and rows ol detached or semi-detachetl houses, with occasional fine lawns, and boulevards set off with majiles, chestnuts, and other ornamental shade trees. In the business portion there is a want ol an open s(|uare or p.uk. as a central rallying-place. hom which ^7 CaNAMAN liVNK 01 CoM\IF.I;c |-,, ;hr viMior fan li.iw .1 wide xirw of llic cilv. or Kfl, at lfa>l. tlial lio i> in llu' liiMit (if ii. M(i-.l riiiis acniss llu' l.inr liavi' Midi an iipoii •-IKK o. uIk'iv iIh' stran.mT can IcMsuii'ly laki- lii> bi'aiin,u-> ami know lii'- \vlKTi'a!)c)m>, rimuld lu' wander off to lAploir thr town and rrlurii to the ri'ndr/\on> : l)Ut Toronlo i> larlsin.u. a> yet. in tln> |)aiti(ular. As tlic cits- ,mitor to take in Toroiuo at a <;lanic. TlK-rcarc no natural eniineni'cs to enable one to see till' city from a liei^'ht. if ue e\iei)t the northern ridije, on whi( h the new Upper Canada College is now located; and the view from that point, if the day he clear, is not without interest, '{'here are architectural elevations, it is true, at various points : hut, perha])s, none of them i)resent so pretty a picture of the town as may lie seen from the Island, witii the gleaming foregroimd of the harhour and its animated summer traffic. To the visitor who seeks tletails and a t\ the chief organ of Can adian Liberalism, and arrive at the most thronged thoroughfare in the city, the junction of King and Vonge, at the south-west corner of which stands the Dominion l?ank. Here the dense tratfic and throng of tram-cars and other vehicles will apprise the visitor that he has reached the city's most central [)oint. On King Street, he will doubtless be tem|)ted to turn asitle to have a 3' • 1 r^, - — ^ rr^ liUOADWAV TaIIEK.NACI.E. (illiiis ;itlrai' come. Willi 1 liKik into the >lii)|is or sh(i|i-\viii(liiw>, or, tVnin hi> uIr-i.-Ui1 \,iiil;i,m- l'Ii uind. >ti)|i 1(1 in.iki' ;i iiU'iit.il iKitr ot tlu' hill i\ in- crowd of p,i>--cr->-li\ . ol'liotl) ■~r\c>. IiitiTcstinu' will ho t'lnd tlic ^ur\i'\' ot" the ihoiciimhl.irc. with ils stream oi life .iiid .ill hiit conne^tt'd tr.il'lic, particiilarh if it he .il'ternoon. when t'.ishioii 1ki> it.^ (lre>> and shoppinu j)arade. ,nid Toronto "uii;- manitv to horrow ( 'ail\ le'> phr.i^i' uoi's lorth for .111 .liriiiL;. 'I'nriiinu i.'.i'-lw.ird on Kiiiu, we reach Toronto Strict, at tlii' lu-ad of which is the (lener.il Tost ( )flic(.'. The loc.itioii of the Litter, and the ccntr.il po>ition ol the ■-tiect. ha\c dr.iun to it a.nd llie imiiu'ijiate iHi:;h lioiirhood a luimlier of liuildiiiLi and loan societies, l.ind and iiisiir.ince com|i.inies. and other monetary, k'L;al lU.NK oiMoNii;r„\i. AM. !io\ui. or Tkai.k. _.,|„i Im^jin'ss coriiorrilions, whose I crowds to this .md the adjoiiiiim thoron^lif.ires. In the vicinity are the County Court huildm^s. soon to he Municipal ot'lices. under a worthii r roof, the .\Iaj;isiiate's Coiu't, and the hcul'iuartcrs ol the To/ice S/'riia/Zv CH_^ra':rti_A^r] I?ANK OK MoMkKAL, [" liinstrated Toronto,' Department and the I'irc Urigade. In Toronto Street is tlie Receiver Ciencral's Ot'tice. and. alongside, are tlie Masonic JJuililings, llie chief rende/vous of the Masonic order. Renainini; King Street, and still proceeding eastward, we reacii St. Ianies"s (Anglican) Catiiedral. I'his historic edifice, with its grand tower and lofty spire, stands in a fine sylvan enclosure, happily [)re- served from the intrusion of commerce. The building is in the (lothic style, of the l''-ar!y l",ngli>li period, and is liuill of wiiite hrick, dressed with Ohio stone. It is the third edifice reared on llie >pot, ilshnml)!er predecessors having succumhed to the flames in the early years of liie citv. Its interior has lately lieen remodtlled, and a cluster of memories garland the |)lace. L'nder the chancel sleep, after a long and active life, the first l!isho|) of Toronto, and one dear to early .\nglicanism in Toronto, the revereil Dean drasett. 'i'o the east of St. James's is the city's cradling-place, of interest, in the main, only to ti.e anti(iuary, since Toronto in the march of years has followed the customary law and grown westward. Here still mav he seen the old market-i)lace, and streets whose names speak of loyalty to tlie Hanoverian dynasty, when it was more the fashion that it is now to perjietuate its memories in the New World by paying it civic honour. In the neighbourhood, though i)rei)aring for their hegira westward, are the old-time City Hall and ('corporation buildings, and the > ill shed and armoury of the volunteer organiza- tions, lieyond the classic Don is fast rising an attractive eNtension of the city, overleaping its long-time eastern boundary and making rapid transformations in the area anne.xed. On Church Street, immediately to the north of the Catiiedral, is the Public 34 ft.^^ 4 ^^,.j<*fi^'>|^ I 1 1 t * P 1 ,i*«rr" ■ BoAKii OK Tkadk lien. ding. Mlnaiy, wliid) tlu' visitor will find will worth a visit. It is maintained hy an antnial miniicipal tax. excccdinj,' $30,000, sonic portion of which is dcNotcd to tlu' suppcjrt of hranches in other sections of the city. 'I'iiere is an anijile and well-furnished rcadiiiii-rooni. an extensive lending library ami a comprehensive reference department, all of which are under able and intellii;ent administration. In the spacious square, to the north of the Public Library, stands the .Metropolitan ( .Methotlist ) (,'luirch, one of the largest ecclesiastical edifices in the Mominion, anil a s|)e( iai adornment of the city. It owes its existence to the zeal of the late Dr. Morley I'unshon, who did much for Methodism in Canada when he made Toronto for a time his home. The visitor will do well to take a look at the spacious interior. Attractive, also, is the adjoining mother-church of Roman Catholicism in Toronto St. Michael's (Cathedral, which, when the city was young, was erected in what was then "the bush." How far Toronto has since spread to the northward, the visitor, if he continues his drive, will see for himself. THK i:i)L( AITON' Di: I'A R T.M KN r, AND THK SCHOOL SYSTEM. .A cou|)le of blocks to the northward, another spacious sipiare will be met with, in whi<'h are situate the head(|iiar- tcrsofthe Lducational system of the l'ro\i nee. with their annex, the Normal School, for the [irofessional training of teachers. In the grounds, a monument has lately been erected to the memory of the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, founder of the system, and for ne.irly forty years its a<'tive adniinist.ator. The present head of the deiiartment is styled .Minister of ICducation. He is a member of the Provincial Ciovernment, with a seat in the Legislature. To him is entrusted the man.igement of the whole educational aff.iirs of the Province : anil he is responsible for the a[)portionment of the Legislative grant, fi)r the efficient maintenanie and inspection of the |)rimary and secondary schools, for the regulation of studies and text books, and for carrying out all the reipiirements of the Sciiool Law. The cost of the system is borne [)artly by the municipalities, or school sections, under the supervision of school Ijoards, and partly by the Local (lovernment. The higher education of the community is provided for by denominational colleges, and by the University of Toronto, a national institution, supi)orteil in the main by land endowments originally granted by the Crown. The visitor to .35 specially engra-'ed for\ New 1'aki.iame.nt Bciluimis. [" niustraUii Toronto." till' luliicMtioii I K'|)aitnK'iU will llnd, in the art ^^alkry ami nuiseiim attachal, a collc'ction of pictures and statuary, copies of the old masters and other notable paintings, witii models of Assyrian and l',gyptian sculpture, and the Imsts of many well-known historical personaj^es. If the collection seems rather heterogenecnis, and somewhat wanting,' in true art taste, it will, perhaps, he borne in mind that it was gathered at an early and immature era in the Provincial annals. In connection with the subject of Provincial education, it will not he amiss to direct attention to the Toronto Public School system, which is vestelic liamiuets. as well as I'it lloral allows and other displays and {gatherings of the people. I'he drisc northward may he taken eitiier hy jarvis or by Shcrhourne Streets as far as Hloor Street and the |)icturesf|ue ra\ine of Kosedale. The ravine i :. crossed hy two line bridges, which lead to a [)retty suburb of the city, and to a pleasant drive winding about the Reservoir and the valley of the Don. In the neighbourhood are three metropolitan cemeteries, two of them perched on the wooded banks of the stream, and all three (juiet and i)ictures(|ue resting-places of the city's dead, 'i'he drive may be continued as far as Deer Park, a rapidly extending outpost of the capital, and to the site of the now completed new Upper C'anada Col lege. Here the visitor will be well re|)aid by a ramble over the building and the s[)acious |)laygroimds which surround it, and by a view of 'I'oronto and the gleaming lake beyond frl) tr.ucllrr dliMTwd lli.il tin- " rnivcrsity of 'rdrdiito u.is. |H'rli,i|i<, tlir oiiK' jiirci' of i-olk'uiali.' airliitc'tuii' 1111 ilir AiiU'iiian roiuinciu wortlu' of >iai)ilin,L; room in ilic sirfii> of ()\foril." In i'In aiiiii Icrtiiral fiMtlircs it Ijclonus o^st'lllialls to tlic ()1<1 Wdrld. The Imildin^s air llir spicial ,:^loi\ of tlu' ril\ ; ihr >l\\r i^ N'onnan, tlir |)ro|)ortions Ix^'inn iiol)K'. and the liannoiiy of tlir uholi' c\i|ui>iti.'. TIutc is a riihly Miil|iiuri'd dooruav at tlu- main cntraiKc. iiiKkT a nias^iw towtT. Miicli oftlu' niaixl pile fi'll, a \\\\r or nioif a.L,'o, a |ircy to tlu- llauK's : lint the calamitN t.'\oki'd so keen and iiniwrsa! a ri'irivt that tlu- nioni'\ reiiinrcd for its n-^toraiion ^a-- s|ptrdil\' siih-.('ril)v'd. and the hiiildiiiu is now ri'stort'd, and that on an ani|ili,r liasi-,. I'lind^ for the crrction and niuiinnint of a new lilnarv havi.- aUo hern rai--cd. while tlieri' lia\r hei'n \.\r'j.v and uenerons r(intrihution> in 1 ks. ( )n the sonlli ol ihe >paeiou> l.iwn are -.itnated a .uroiiji ol hnilihn.u^ auxihary to tlie L'ni\er>ity. iiicliidinu the lliolo::ir;il Institute, the Selioo! of I'raelieal Siienee. the I'ark Ilo>pilal. and the I'nie auditorium of the rni\er>il\ \'. M. ( '. Asxinatioli. I're si^'.tlv \\e ■-hall si_(.' ari>e on tile ea^lern side of tile I'ark the new hiiildiiiL;-, di'M^ned for the um's of \ieioiia ( Metliodi^l ) Colle.^e. Tin: Ni;\v I'Aki.iami.n i r.rii.hiNcs, and si. ai i;a\ s ca i ii i:I)Kai.. Ill the (^)iie<.n's I'ark the new Parliament liihldings seriously eneroaeh on the already limited reeiealion ,i;roimds of the peo|ile. The \asl pile is now takiii;.^. howexer. s(, 'tuposinn a form tliat the intrusion is somewhat atoned for. Wlun completed, the loial Westminster will he liolily housed. Close liy will 1k' ohserxid a line limn/e sl.ilik' of the Kite Hon. ('ieort;e lirown. an eminent Canadian journalist and stati'sman. also a monument ereeteil to the niemor\ of the volunt rs of the eity who were killed at Rid^eway in June, i Srif). in ri'pi'llinu I'enian invasion. West of the I'.irk. lookin.ij; '.akeward, on Spadina .\venue, is Knox Collei;e. the tlieoloi;ieal hall of the I'resliyterian ('11111(11. In tlii' vieinits' are a nimilier ol handsonu' ehiinhi's. e.ilU'd ;nto t.'\isteni e li\' the extension north westward of the ti>wn. 'I'lu'se are situate, in the' main, on !!loor Street, ( 'ollene Street, and Sp.idin.i .\\eniie. ( 'oinmerei' hen, also, is r.ipidU m.ikiiii^a 40 IiDinc l(ir itstir. 'I'lic urowlh of the rity in this diiTctioii has of rrceni years been |)hi'noim'nal. Sn rn[)i(l have hecn tlie strides that a iie-v .\imh( an Cathedral (St. Alhan's) has luen partially erected, witli the view of provitling for the s|)iritnal wants of the nei-hliourhood. and of uivini; Toronto a ( 'athedral ( 'iui'( h under the foslerinj; earc of the Hishop ol the l)ii)(\'se. Sersice is held in thr portion of the ('athedral which is, so (ar, completed. \<1T r\ I l.l'Ks' \Iat(iry, ^urand hall ,ind st.iir '■ase, .\t tlie oppnsitecorner Iroin (lo\'ernmcnt House, l'resl)yieriani-.ui, of tlu' Old S<'otch Kirk t\pe. rears a worthv lane with ,i nohle Minster front and a ty|)ical Norman tower, that lakes one hack in imaiiirtalion Bond .SiUEKr, i.ooki.sg nokmi kkom iji-kkn. to tlic motluT hind, rii li in its i^lnrious nKiniinU'iUs of our loninion f;iitli. Were tlic sacred walls of St. .\iidrc\v's C'luircli iiiarkid liy the lootli ot' time and liall-liidden lominion known as "regulars."" 'The Old I'ort. near hy, which i:- historically identified with the beginnings of 'i'oronto and the grim events of the War of 1812, has long since lost its active military character. On the old parade ground cattle crop the untrodden grass; while the Russian cannon, which keep up the pretence of guarding the approach to the harbour, are mockingly encirdeil with the symbols of peace. I'fom the embrasured clay i)arapet a fine view of the Island is to be had, with its far-spreading line of pictur escjue summer cot ages, flanked on the east by the home of the Royal Canadian Vacht Club and the Wiman Baths. 48 AiiotluT route westward from L'ppcr Canada ('(illoi;r may l)i- taken, Ijy Uirning norlliward on Joliii Street, and skirtinj,' the ('(illeiic cricket L;roiind on the one si le and "The Arliniiton" Hotel on tlie otlier, jiass tlience, liy way of (^)iieen Street, to High I'ark and the Hiimher. uould tliis route l)e fol- lowed, the visitor will get a glinii>se, from [ohn Street, of two of the city's historic homes, erected when lime and Toronto were alike voiMig. ( )ne of these is " ISeNerley House," tile residemeof the late Chief Justice Sir joiiii Beverley Robinson: the other is "The Crange," a fnie old manor-house, built by one of the early judges of Upper ('anada, and now in the possession of a member, by marriage, of the family of its founder the wife of Professor (loldwin Smith. In the l)eautifully-ke|)t grounds, am[)le and well- trinuiied lawns, with ancient elms looking down regally upon the sct.ne, "I'he (Irange ' recalls a pleasant bit of Old I'^ngland. ('lose to "'I'he Ciraiige " is St. (leorge's (.Anglican) Church, surmoimled by a lofty spire and I'mial cross, finely burnished by the setting sun. 49 Post Office. ( )ur civir iii'ti'Liriiialinii-, will \)v lompK-ti'd li\ a (ln\r wf^iu.inl dii (^)iucii. |).i-.--in,:; In llic \va\ llu' fiiU' aiti'riL'^ (if S|iailiiia .\\rnu(.' ami IJalluirsl Siri'ct. ami llu- ]iii.tty L;ri)imils that cmldNi' ilir I'liixrisitv of Tiiiiitv ( '(illcuc and so out ol" tlu' ritv limits to the Lake sIioil-, in the (liiiriidn n\ Miinico. Ik fori' I'litcrinu iii)i)ii tlu^f luw loiciiitiis m the wc^t, the \isit()r will \>v repaid l>v a \i^il In '• I'linit)." Tiiiiits i^ a fiiif. ccile^iasticaMookiii.n iMlilici;, ami \va> tdiiiided ill iS;:; li\ the late liishop Siraehaii as an AiiLjliean ('ollei^i', when the I .e.uislatiiie abolished the chair ol' theolons iVom the National Liiivirsity. 'I'he later additions to Trinilv's .leadeniie e(iiii])nieiit are a Convoeaiion Hall, a heaiitiftil ( 'olleni' ( 'hapel. and a lU'W wiii'; to the hiiildiiiL;, which lar^eh' estends the luniiher of class rooin> and the aceoinmoda iiiMi of the ( 'ollei;e residence. jiist lieyond the rni\er>ity. Ill a plot of land ori:;in,ill\ ril'tv acri's in extent. siaiuU the !'iii\inii.il lamalic .\sylum, now alioiii to lie leinowd !o Miinico, the site l)i.'Coniinj; more suitable lor the ^row inn neeyliim spri'ads out a u'l'e.it e\len>ion ol Toronto, (.•mbraciiiL; I'arkdale and Urockton. w ith desii^ns on We '■ nto Jimclion, which must soon sei'k to come ii'i >'s embrace, in these thri\ini; suburbs will ' ,ast network of streets and a\canies, l-..\iiii;iiioN. Mai.n 1)111 lUNii. with liaiui .is and rows of conti-iioiis housi's, creatin;.^ a ikw and iiopiilous 'I'oronto. I leri', ,dso, will be t'ouml the lu. ..irts of commerce and the hi\ es of indu>ir\', with man}' lu-.e public buildiniis, clnin lies and hos|iitals. lieyond these he the wooded hills and ;4rassy dells of Ilii^h Park, a resort for the citizens, which has recently Ijeen donated to the citv thanks to the mimiliceiice of an old time res'dent. SO I.AKKSIDK RKSORI'S IX T ' \iri\nV OF lOIK )N'1'0. The magnificent waterways of Canada, while th. i.j naturally the admiration of the stranger, have in the past heen ciiielly [)ri/ecl hy her own people as the means of opening up the ccnmtry, or as agencies in its commercial and industrial development. In early days these waterways were more the resort of fin and feather than tiiey are now : then they were useful as houp.tiful sources from which to sup])ly the settler's larder. Not a few of them have social and historic memories connected with the humbler era of pioneering days, when toil and [irivation well earned the later and happier liours of re|iose and pleasure. In recent years, when the country became opened ui), and the Imiiber trade receded to the back settlements, these streams and sheets of water have heen chielly valued for their jiicturesqucness and their consei|uenl attractiveness as summer resorts. Notably is this the case with the rivers and lakelets that lie tt) the north and east of Toronto. As "lovely lulens of the Northern Wave," they divide public favour with the steam- boat tour, either across Lake Ontario to the halls of Niagara, or down the .St. Lawrence to the watering-|)laces on the sea coast. .Most of them will be found worthy a visit by the tourist, either for their romantic beaiUy, or as fishing resorts, and, in the season, as leatling to the stalking-grounds of moose and deer. Of the watering-])laces that attract Torontonians. some are to be found to the north-eastward, m the numerous lakelets in the I'eterboro' region, such as kice. Scugog, Sturgeon, ISalsam, and Stony Lakes; while others are situate on the Lake lirie or Lake Huron shore, such as Port St.uiley and Cioderich. Those, however, that draw the largest number of summer visitors are situate on the Cieorgian l!a\', and es|)ecially in the lakeland regions of Muskoka and I'arry Sound. I'or many years back, the waters of the Mus)'-''-a chain ha\e been most frecjuented. 'i'liis the increasing number of summer hotels and islands occujiied by <'ampers''liloc.i', while the railway to ( Iravenlnirst, and the steamboat service on the lakes, furnish every facility for reaching them. The chief waters that compose the chain are the Muskoka, Josei)h, and Rosseau Lakes, 'i'o those who enjoy lakeland scenery and are susceptible to the charms of nature, either isi wild open disarray, or in coy sei-lusion. the) present a panorama of thrilling |)leasure and delight. 52 ( THK ML'SKORA LAKKS. '!"() rc'.irli the isl;uid-jj;eiiimL'd lakes of the Muskoka region, there is, in tiie months of July and August of each year, a fast suninier service by the X. iS: N.-W. I)i\ision of the (Irand Trunk Railway. The average run is four hours, from Toronto to ( ira\enhurst, at the foot of the lakes. .About half way the tedium of the trip is relieved by a partial circuit of the gleaming waters of Lake Simcoe and its northern entre[)6t, wind swejjt Couchiching. Historically, the region is re|)lete with interest, as the fateful home of the Huron nation, which nearl\- two hundred antl fift)' years ago was laid waste by the decimating lro(iuois, as the penalty of allianie with the I'lench intruder, either as colonist or missioner. Nature herself seems to have long forgotten the tragedy, for where civilization has not gilded the scene, the forest has graciousl}- hidden the scars and wounds of the conflict. Of the drear story of inter-tribal strife in the district, even the settler knows little : and rarely to his didl ear do the beautifid Indian appellatives, in lake or bay, and stream or ''age, mean an\ thing, or reiall the once lordly ])()ssessors of the land whom he has imheedingly supplanted. Like many other i)arts of the Province, the region we are traversing is being rajjidly brought within the embr.ice of the raiiw.ty svstem ; and close on its heels come first theseltler, then the tomist. Where were once a realm of forest- wealih and tangled growths of interlacing boughs, with here and there a faintly tracul [)alhway or " bla/ed " trail, which onlv the Indian or e\])erienced woodsman Cv)uld \'\m\ Ins way through, thi're are clearings now ojien to the smihght, fertile farms and bus\' industries, and a network of railroads, highways and other avenues of communication, which tap the lakes whither we are bound, and bring ha[)pily together the outer and inner world of life, work and enjoyment. In the Muskoka district, to be accurate, we must say that the settler preceded tlie railway It is a tisiimony to the wildness and ])ictures(|ue character of the region that it was originally opened by free grants to the intonier. Stout of heart and limb must have been the early [)ioneers in the district, for appalling was the as])ert of nature when first he entered it. ( icologically, the ai)proach to the region is both singular and interesting. .\t the gateway to the lakes is a cmious uptiltingof the ground floor of the primeval rock, and for miles aroimd great masses of gneiss seem to 53 l)ar all prf)i;rcss. save, as it would seem, to tiie realms of the ( 'yrlops. Oiire across this harrier, Nature, however, relaxes her frown and in\ites, with an alhirinn smile, all who would pay cdiirt to her. The coiirii^iiration of the lakes (lelii^httiilly defies description, so cipricioiis was dame Nature when she hollowi'd out the heautit'iil and pictiiresc|iu' basin. On the yellow j^round tint of the local ma|)s ol the rej,Mon, the water-surface of the l.tkes— as we ha\e elsewhere observed looks as if one had upset a bottle of screen ink over the pajjer, anil the fluid had riui over the sheet in the most fantastic fashion, circling round innumerable islaiuls of all forms and sizes, leaving here a jutting out ijoint and there making a dee]) and [iromiscuously formed iiulentation. Once on the steamer, the interest of the spectator is called forth anew with almost every revohuion of the |)addles. Now we are attracted by some tiny, moss-covered islet, a mere speck of rock abo\e the water, l)Ut upon which, never- iheks>, a lew stimted s[ieciniens of' the red jiine o*" the region have contrived to ^ain and maintain foothold. .\non, we brush the margin of a densely-wooded island, whose shady raxines and hillsidi's are ilothed with ,i \egeiatiori almost tropical in its inulistiubed luxiniance. l!ut Nature is not only \wri.- the attraction. I'rom point and island the priity scene is owrlooked b\ numbcrli'ss Swi^s looking ch.dets.ind summer hoi:si-s, ;uid occasion.ilh b\ the fl.ig crowned teiits of campers of' both se\i's. ("lustered roimd thesi' Ildens in the wooeU, or gaiU groii|)ed on the whar\es, as the steamer sto|)s to discharge or :i' on its living friight. are bevii's of prettiK idstiuni.il women and \oung (hildrtn ; while lacii nook or inlet is ali\e wuh all m.nuK'r of rowing or sailing craft. Some f'lw hours steaming takc> the iharnu'd visitor lo tin.' he.ul of na\ igation, cither on l„ike bisfph or Lake Rosseau. I lere, as well .IS at scores of placid of (, ill on till' jiassage, rest and comfort will bi' f'ound at the hostelries that invite to a sojourn, which, in the expeiience of he present writer, has alwavs jiroved too short. In their \ iciorial as|iei 1, these pretty cupfuls of water ri'semhle the Lake of ilu- Thousand lsland>, in the St. Lawrence. L.kIi of them h.is a beaiUy and a distinctive character of its own. IV'rh.ips the prettiest jiart of Lake M uskoka is the beautiful stretch of water bit ween lleaiunaris and Hala. hine abo is tlie run from the Narrows to ICilean (iowan, and from I'oint Kay to the Indi.in River. 'l"he lowir end of Lake Rosseau, from I'ort Carling round to I'ort Sandfield, is also surpassingly fine. The lake-stretch from Hemlock I'oint to Port Cockburn, at the head of Lake Joseph, 55 ])rL'seiits ^1 siTJL's ol (iiaiiniiiji |ii(luiTs. and |iictty is tlic iiiii into Slianty Hay and ( 'rai^ic \x\i on tl ■.anu' loiiU'. 'I'o our mind. Iiowi'mt. nowiicrc on tiu' wliolc chain ol lakes can tiic lourisl cnjoN' iiinisclf nioiv liian ai .M,;|ik'lunst, al tin- licad of l.akc Ro>si'au. wiu-rc you iiaw tiic adxantaiicololcNation and the liracin:; tonic of a hi^h l.ititndc Ma|)lcliurst is ilcHiilitfully situated on a tlnelv wooded hhilT, wiiicii coniinands the \ieu lor ten miles down the lake, and o\eilooks the pretty basin, on the inmr shore of whicli hes the .slumi)crin;4 X'illaue of Kosseau. It is also in the vicinity of the ina-icai stream. Shadow Ri\er. the show-iilace of tile lakes, and the iiome. as imagination lo\es to depic t it. ol the \aiades. the troopin;4 l)and of deities that preside o\er streams and fount. uns. To the witchery of the stixaai i> added its m,i.;ic.d jiower ol niirrorini;. with surjirisin^ fidelity and minuteness, t\ery Iwiu .iiul le.il ol X.iture's o'erarchinj; canops of tree and shrill). Xo one should fail to see SIkuIow l\i\er when the \uioay to historic i'enetaiiL^uishene, and so hack to the I'roN inci.il ( '.ipit.d. nil'; i.M.i.s (.1 \i\(;.\R.\. This renowned spect.ii'le of the New World, though not the r.irity it once w.is to tlu' traveller from the ( )ld World, still dr.iws. and will contimie to dr.iw, unless, with the lo>s of lailli, the '-.ici' loses its ^ciise of awe and the jiower of heini; impressed 'ly Nature's wonders. NothinL;. it has often lieen said, Speciaii'y (t ^laidi Jo* \ Ni\<;aka: i iik Canauian ok IImk^e-^iiok I-'ai.ls lliuittatt-.i lot\nto.' and verandas a > .nimandini; view of the incomparable scene may l)e liad. Ha])|)ily, as tlie result of efforts made con- joiiuly l)y the Ontario Ciovernment and hy tiiat of the State of New \'ork, the neighbourhood is now cleared of the cheaj) shows and \ulgar traffic, as well as of the mmiberless trai)s ft)r the unwary, which hitherto desecrated the scene. On both sides of the riwr. the immediate precincts of the Falls have been expropriated by the authorities and converted into Xational i'ark-.. i'hrouuh both, run spacious carriage drives and winding i)aths for pedestrians, cut, f(M' the most part, clo>e bvihe river's brink, with entrancing \iews of the ever-changing ami alwa\s impressive s[)ectacle. The i''all.s siiould be sein trom both sides of the rixer, though the fmest and most comprehensive view is to i)e had from the Canadian side. I'rom the hitler you have the advantage of seeing both c/iiites, which at the entrance to \'ictoria Park are directl)' in front of vou. and of being able to get a close insi)ection of the wider and grander Cataract, with the best view of the angry swee]) of the l.irger body of w.iter as it rai'i.'s onward, in a succession of cascades anil ra|)ids. to take its fnial |)!nnge into the spra\diidden c.uildrou of the Horse shoe [''alls. l)\ceptionally fine, however, is the view of the .American |-'alls from I'rospect I'ark-the \c\v \'ork State reservation and. |)arlicularly, from the bridge across the rapids to Coat island, fine also is the outlook from some points on the latter of the Horseshoe l-'alls ; while from the bridges that connect the isl.inds known as "The Three .Sisters," the tourist will be charmed with the breakers and im[)ressetl by the volume and headlong force of the waters that shoot madly past beneath his feet. .\ walk or drive through the (Canadian reservation enables one to see the l-'alls, as we have said, to the best advantage, f)r every turn (jr angle in the road presents some new and unrivalled i)icture. .At the " Rainbler's Rest" you are immediately in front of the American falls, and have at your feet the yawning chasm which the wild waters ha\e through ivons of time hollowed out in the bed of the river. Here may be seen the little steamer, T/if Maid of the Mist, ferr\ing her live freight over the treacherous emerald waters, llecked witli foam, or daringlv venturing, envelo|ie(l in clouds of mist and s|)ray, close to the seething mass which has just been precipitatetl over the Horse-shoe. .A little further on is " Inspinition Point," from which another grand \icw ma\' be had of the river and of both I'alls, the Can- adian one growing gruesomely upon the observer's apjialled senses as he ajiproaches 'I'able Rock and stands |)eering tlown into the vast abvss, the rumbling thunder of the mighty Cataract in his cars. At this [)oint the traveller will find his iiay.c tninshxed l,y the scene of wild tumult that meets the view, the one restful spot upon which the eve ran ah-ht l.emi^ the deep recess m the centre of the Horse-shoe, where the greatest mass of waters appears to precipiiate itself imd to take on a dark green tmt very grateful to the sense per.eptions, wearied l,v the disorder and ..verpowered l,v the distractions of the scene. Hut great as is tiie spell that holds the observer rooted to the spot, the w,hl uproar will he loiMKl more than he cares long to listen to, if die drenching spray has not already driven him from the pla.e There is a reliel, too, u. passing away fn.Mii Tal.le Ro<-k, until the bewildered mind can revover its eouanimilv and the eve refresh Itself with a change of view, cooled by the l.tee/e that sweeps down from the ra|ii\/x: lonn. ("olour. and j^cnerai aspect, of the islands themselves. In number, tiiev are reckoned to e\eeed 1,750. the largest being some hundred acres in extent, the., smallest, a mere speck of \i'rdiire-clad rock, crowned, it ma\ be, l)\ a single tree, proudly rellecliiig its autum- nal glory in the gleaming expanse of the lake. If one wants to saturate one's self with the poetry of the scene, and to become ac(|iiainted with its local associations, in con- nection with the lumber trade, the distinctive commerce of ( 'an- ada, the tourist should, if possihl •. make the trip, including the "run ning ' of the rapids, on a lafl. l)i:>i|-.Nr 01 iiii-, I^AciiiNK Km'IO-. .Si. Law ukni 1 I'o the beaulvof the trip will be added its novelty, in enab in contact with the i'lench ( 'anadian rai'tsman, a ligure wholly uninue to the conventional mind . Kni-.K. ing the \isitor , innorant of d to come i versified 60 tvpcs of national character or of unusual phases of social and industrial life. On the little social world of tlie raft, the traveller will j;et his first deli;4htful eN|)erienee of Old JM-ance in the New World. The-e he will also hear snatches of Canadian ho. it soni,'s, the characteristic he^niileinenl of the I'lnuii^eitr, as he "|)oles" his raft or bends, with rhvthniic measure, to the drijjpin^ oar. \'ery musical are those old Xorman and lireton c/iuinoiis, though rude are their cou|ilets. '!'() tiie lover of Nature, in her placid moods and restful trani|uillity, weare not sure that the intrusion of the thous- ands who now gather at the several great denominational camps on the Island I'arks in the vicinity of .Alexandria I5ay, will i)v any means he an attraction. I'.ut man is a social animal. In the main, he lo\es a crowti ,and high eNcitements. with prosimiiy to hotel comforts and even hixmies. So the vogue has to he fallen in with, though the excitement, we should imagine, must pall, and the tempt.ition soon assert its force, to steal away to the repose and beaut) of the many delightful sylvan retreats in the (|uieti'r parts of the river. Meanwhile the afternoon sun finds our steamer uiiconscioush- increasing her jmce, as she nears the r.ipids, and excitement among all on board arises as the tra\eller feels the novel seiis.ition of "going down hill by water." These descents in the bed of the St. Lawrence are. like ilescenls in the bed of other rive's, no scientific marxel ; but it is a marvel, and an exhilaration of more than usual novelty, to make passage bv them, not in a ranoe, but in a large and densely crowded steamer. But while there is the maxiMum of excitement, there is, we believe', the minimum of danger, though the experience i^ often trying to the nerves, especially when the steamboat makes a lurch in the chaotic waters and a volume of spray is dashed in the faces of the thrilled voyagers. Nor are the nervous reassured by a glance at the extra-manned wheel-house, and from that to the foam-lashed avenues of waters, down which the vessel speeds as if to certain destruction. The situation becomes more thrilling with the descent .of the rapids nearer to Montreal. These increase in violence in their headlong course ilown the river, while the danger seems to become more appalling as the ch.mnel is hidden in s|)ray. At last, comes a return to still water that is, still bv comparison with the maelstrom from which the vessel has emerged and the fair, royal City of Montreal and the magnificent \i(toria IJridge come grandly into view. Here " Ii,(,tisiK.\ri:!) Tokonio" takes a courteous leave of the tourist, who, in the luxurious hostelry of Thk W'indsok, will no doubt be tempted to take for his dceivne " Il.l.tlSTKAlKI) Mom KK.M,."' 6; The Windsor Hotel . DOMINION SQUARE, MONTREAL sl.mti.iliiv. ,in hil tlu' wiirUl. It i .■ M ,,. ,1 i ,Ur in-,1 hdtcl ill tlu' Ddminion: ;ui(l in cnnMiiHiiN.- Mib ,„ ih, la.lu.mahlr quarlrr .,t M.mtU'al. .> I u ln>l hnt. n. |-,,„i„ ,l,lv wuh am hnU 1 n, ,,.,,,„, .,„nnv. .lu.n,u,l, .M.npnu.U and nuuK.n .M'!-- u -■ ' - ^ \,.,„„ ^^,,,„ ,,„„, ^ -^'- ^' r^- ^'--"■"r;:"r: •;::; ^i'lr: ■'";:;;':":i.." ' !■ ii:.- ^n. ...,„ divcl-'^i' [n all p ,,„„■,;,.. and all nl,ir.l> and plarcs ol nnm>l In uan.r. and all nl,,.- l> ^>'u. p.a.o - - l,„ul,vanl>. ll --^ du- nrn.niAd lua.i- ;;;■::;::; ;;;:::;;::; rt'inalny. and d. .,a..H.nn.U . n^nnanu. n,. ,„ ... ... .anda,.. G. W. SWETT, MANAGER. \ UNION TICKET AND TKLKGRAl'H OFFICK . . . , .,.U.d n, UK ",...un,da of U. Wn,d... ..-• Uu. .n,.n,. ,. .he .,.. .h.e U,.e.. ...n. ,., d.. ..■., ...• aU !■ ,,■ vail o,- stcanwr, n.ay l.c nun-hnsed at lowc.t cx.uvs.nn and depot p,u e. ,,„,,,,,,. .s. CA.n.ts S,:nt K vkkvwukkk. O- .an Stkammui. Am n. v. JNO. MCCONNIFF. AGENT AND PUBLISHER OF TOUR.ST OEM SOUVENm , Windsor IIotf.i , Momrkai.. 'roioiUd ill I S,^4. Bird's ICyo \'ic\v of Toronto. ('lovorninc'iit llousi.'. larvis Street (west side) near 151oor. I'ort ot' Toronto in 1S41. Toronto, t'roni t!ie Island. 'I'rinity University and ICducation ( )t'ti(e. University ol Toronto. (.'ollei;e Avenne and L'niversity I)oor\va\ McMaster L'niversity. Osgoode Hail. Law Society Library, Osgoode Hall. Upper Cimada College. New Mimicipal and County Buildings. College of i'hysitians and Surgeons. Some of Toronto's Principal Churches. King Street West. King Street, looking East. Vonge Street, looking North. Canadian Hank of (Commerce. LIS!' Ol' 11,LLSTR.\-1'1()XS. St. James' Cathedral and Interior. Broadway Tahernacle. Bank of Montreal. Boartl of 'I'raile. New Parliament Buildings. Union Station. Cliurch of Our Lady of l.ourdes. The Llospital. \'olunteers' Monument. (^)ueen's I'ark. Confederation Lile Association Building. Canada Life Assurance Building. 'I'oronlo Cluh. Bond Street, looking North. larvis Street en Lete. i'ost Office. i:\hil)ition. Main I'.uilding. L^xhihition Crounds. Muskoka l.akeknul Scenery. Niagara L'alls. Descent of the I.achine Rapids, St. Lawrence River. Windsor Hotel, N'ontreal. Custom House. The Publisher is indebted for photographs, from which above engravings have been made, to Mr. i^^ff^,^^^ and Mr. 1'. W. Micklethwaite. He is also under obligations to Messrs. Belden Bros., I'ubhshers of P>c^un.,.e Canada. rriliteil by Thf Mull J"b rrllitllni Ci rHTi:ai^r», M^srry:"l"^nr^HeliS?;ni^Ki.i.-raver», Thf ea..adl»i. l'lwt..-KnKmvii.n Burea.i.