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Les disgrammes suivants iliustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 * 2 3 4 5 6 Preceded by a clear a»ld disiWMsrTgipaKtlon of all the Conjugatioiis ; as ^y^ejT^i^fiill and compile hensive Table of all the Irregular Verbs of the GUAGE Rouge, Loaiilftna. ^^I>ITION. i"l " , > "tj"i A "T" JL^ or jo^i« _ l; . j_'t fctAA tXlt" %■% «'" jc::^ oojsLWtSAAWji-w PRINTED BX Be MONTIGNY e, with thepartie. past of the verbconia.at"d as, Vous sortirez, quand vous aurezflni vo ™ tSe? yf..' shall go out when you have done your exere ise. ' The Auxiliary Verb AVOIR, to w ( This verb Ulonys to the »rd cp,ju(,ulion. ) INFINITIYE MOOD. Simple Te7ises TBJJSENT Avoir, Comjiound 2\nses, •PilETERIT, to have, ^^"^y^^ndoflhe Present hijhu) PARTICIPLE PRESi^NT 'j^^^^*^"' ^U, to haVG had. 4yant ' 1 . i 2i) PAimciPLE PAST. ' ^„,^ ^^''^'^S-KCompomdofthe Part nre^^nf \ rARTlCIPLE PAST. lAvint p„ ' - . / e r. , i^yanteu, havmg had. ARTICIPJ m Ell, Eue, had.'Devaut : FUTURE. avoir, who is to have. S. Vs INDICATIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. S. Tu as, lla, Nous avons,^ Vous avez, Us ont, ^ IJirKllFECT , J'avais, Tu avals, II avait, . Nous avion^ Vous aviez, lis avaient, PEF.TKRIT DEFINITE. I have, tliou hast. { he has. we have, ye have, they have. I had. thou hadst, he had. ■\ve Jiad. ye had. they had. !S. I had. thou hadst. he had. >ve had. ye had. they liad. FCTURE. .T'aurai I shall Tu auras, thou shalt II aura, he shall Nous aurons, we shall Vous aurez, ye shall lis auront, they shall J'eus, Tu eus:, II eut I*. Nous eumcs, Vous eute3, I lis eurent. S. :3 Compoitnd Tenses. I'RETEKIT INDEFINITK. (Compound of the Prcs. indiciil.)\ ( S. J'ai eu. I have ' ,S Tu as cu, thou hast _ | II a eu, ,, he has -^ ! r. Nous avonseu, avc have ^ Vous avez cu, ye have lis ont eu, they, have PHETKBIT ANTKRIKLB- (Compound of the Fret, definite.) S. J'eus cu, I ha'\ Tueuseu, thou hadst II eut cu, , hehad P. Nous eiirncs ou, we had ' Vous elites eu, ye had !!« euvent eu, they had ,S 2 If I'LUPEIll^ECT. Compound of the Imperfect.) J'avais eu, .Thad Tu avals eu, thou hadst ^ 11 avait eu, he had -= Nous av ions cu, avc had ^ Vous avic''- eu, ye had lis avaient eii, they had FUTURE VAST. (Compound of the Future.) J'auvaieu, I shall Tu auras eu, thou shalt II aura eu, he shall . Nous aurons cu, we shall Vous aurez eu, ye shall lis auront cu, they shall ID CONDITIONAL MOOD. rRVSF.NT. TRETKRIT. [(Compound of the Condit. pres.) I 03 : S. J ' auraie , or J 'eusse eu , I ^ thou I I Tu aurais, Tu cusses cu, thou^ he '^ \ 11 aurait, H eut cu, he . "" !p. N.aurions-N.oussionscujwej ^ ' V. aurlez, V. eussiez eu,_ye S. J'auraisovJ'eusse, Tu aurais, Tu cusses, II aurait, II cut, _ 1> N.aurioiis, N. eussiyiis wo pi o — 8 — wi IxMPERATryE MOOD. S. No first person. Aie, Qu'il ait, T*. Ayons, Ayez, Qu'ils aieiit. Have tliou. Let him have. Let us have. Have ye. Let tliem have. Simple Tenses PRESENT. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. S. Que j 'aie, Que tu aies, Qu'il ait, Que nous ayons, Que vous ayez, Qu'ilsaient, IMP£RBEC"T. that I thou lie we ye they e3 c3 S. Quej'eusse, Que tu eusses, Qu'il eiit, P. Que nous eussions Que vous eussiez, Qu'ils eussent, that I thou he we ye they Compound Tenses. mETERIT. (Compound Of the Present subj.) S. Quej'aieeu, that I Que tu aies eu, thou J Qu'il ait eu, P. Que nous ayons eu, Que vous ayez eu Qu'ils aient eu, , rLui>Eiirr:cT. '^(Compoundofthelmperfectsub;.) S. Quej'eusseseu, that I ^• Que tu eusses eu, Qu'il eiit eu, -gj'P. Que nous eussions eu'^ •g Que vous eussiez eu, I Qu'ils eussent eu, he Ave ye they thouj he a> we % ye , they g Conjugate the same verb. Interrogatively : Present. Imperfect. Pret. defin. Pret. intl. Pret. ant. Pluperfect. Future. XT \. , Future past. Negatively : Present. Negatively and Present. Interrogati vely Pluperfect. Ai-je 7 As-tu ? A-t-il V Avais-je ? Eus-je'? Ai-je eu ? ■Eus-je eu ? Avais-je eu '{ Aurai-je ? Aurai-je eu ? •Ten'aipas. Jen'ai pascu. N'ai-i<» '"xio v N iiave I ? . hast thou ? has he 't had I '/ liad I ? Jiave I had ? Jiad I had ? liad I had 7 shall I have ? ■•^hall I have had ? I have not. I have not liad. liave I not 'r Etre, avais-icp.eurhadl not? 9 — The Auxiliary Verb ETEE, to he. (This Verb belongs to the ith conjugation.) INFINITIVP] MOOD. Simple Tenses. * PRESENT. Compound Tenses. PRETERIT. {Compound of the Present infin.) Etre, to be; 'Avoir ete, PARTICIPLE PRESENT. to have been. 2d participle past. (Compound of the Partic. pres.) Etant. (invar.) being. Ayant ete, having been. PAHTICIPLB past, ' F T'.TICIPLE FUTURE. Ete, (invar.) been. iDevani ^ ere, who is to be. INDICATIVE 5I00D. t Simple Tenses. present. PRETERIT DEFINITE. s. Je suis, I am. S. Je fir . I was. Tues, thou art. Tu fus, thou wast. 11 est. he is. 11 fut, he was. p. Nous sommes, we are. P. Nous fiinies, Ave were. Vous otes, ye are. Vous futes, you were. lis sout, they are. lis fut-ent. they were. IMPERFECT , rUTURE. s. J'etais, I was. S. Je serai, I shall be. Tu etais, . tlicu wast. Tu scras, thou shalt be 11 etait, lie was. 11 sera, he shall be. r Nous etions. we were. P. Nous Borons, we shall be. Vous etiez, yc were. Vousserez, ye shall be. lis etaient, they were. lis serotit, they shall be. Compound Tenses. PRETERIT INDEFINITE. i J'LUPERFKCT. {Compound of the Prcs. indicat.)- {Compound of the Imperfect.) S. J'ai ete, I have |S* J'iivais ete, I had Tu as ete, thou hast" i Tu avals etJ, thou hadst II a ete, lie has ^\ II nv;iit ete, he had P. Nous avons ete, we have J P. Nous avions ete, we had Vous avez et"?, ye have ■ Vous avicz «5te, ye Ixad Ilsontete, they have lis avaicnt ete, they had — 10 — PRETERIT ANTTERIOR. I'! w s. J^eus ete, Tu eus ete, II eut ete. Nous en mes ete, Vous eutes ete, lis eurent-ete. I had thou liaclst he had we had ye liad they had FIXTURE PAST. ( Compound of the Future. ) S. J'aurai ete, I shall Tu auras ete, thoushaltg II aura ete, he shall ^ P. Nous aureus ete, we shall p Vous aurez ete. ye shall ^ lis auront ett5, they shtiin CONDITIONAL MOOD. PRESENT. S. Je serais, Tu serais, II serait, , P, Nous serious, Vous seriez, lis seraient, S. s I thou lie we ye they o O I PRETERIT. [Co7np. of the Co7idition. pres.) S. J'aurais, or J'eusse ete, I d Tu aurais, Tu eusses ete, thou S II aurait, II exit ete, he "^ P. N.aurionSjN.eussions ete,we^ V. auriez, V. eussiez ete, yeZ: Us auraientjilseuss.ete, they-l S. IMPERATIVE MOOD. No first person. Sois, Qu'il soit, Soyons, Spyez, Qu'ils soient, be thou, let him be. let us be. be ye. let them be. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. PRESENT. Que je sois, that I Que tu sois, . thou Qu'il soit, lie Que nous soyons, we Que vous soyez, ye Qu'ils suicnt, they IMPERFECT. Compound Tenses. PRETERIT. {Compound of the Imperfect ) S. Quoj'aio etu, that I a Que je fusse, Que tu fusses, Ou'ii f"t Que nous fussions Quo vous fussioz, Qu'ilf^ fusscnt, that I tliou ho ye they thou I he 7: we ^ ye ■ ^ they g -r3 to Quo tu aies ete, Qu'il ait etc, P. Que nous ayons ete, Quo vous avez ete, Qu'ils aieut ete, PLUPERFECT. (Compound of Ih^. Imperf suhj.) S. Quo j'eusse ete, that I o Que tu eusses ete, ' Qu'il our ete, P. Qiae nous eussions ete, Que vous cussiez'ete, Qu'ils cussent ete. thouj lie > Ave t; ye W3 thoya \ Future.) '. shall hou slialt g le shall ^ re shall « 'e shall g liey shJiU— Hon. pres.) ete, I fl ete,thouS ) he . isete,we^ : ete, ye^ ete, tliey-l ses. piufecl ) lat I 3 thou a he '"■ , wc > ye ■ l>^ they 1 erf. su( y.) at I s ' thou^ he >" X , wc -*-' . y« fcfl 11 — Conjugate the same verb : Interrogatively : Present. , Imperfect Negatively : Negatively and Interrogatively. Pret. Ind. Present. Imperfect. Pret. Ind. Present. Pret. Ind., Suis-je ! Etais-je? Ai-je ete ? . Je ne suis pas. Je n'etais pas. Je n'ai pas ete. Ne suis-je pas? N'ai-je pas ute? am I ? was I ? have I been ? I am not. I was not. I have not been, am I not ? have I not been? For the formation of tenses in the four regular conjuga- tions, the pupil must consult the grammar. Tenses called primitive, are those which not being formed from any tenses themselves, serve to form others that are called derivative. They are five, yiz : The Prese7it infi- nitive; ihG Participle present ; the Participle past ; the present indicative, and the Preterit definite. CONJUGATION OF REaULAR VERBS. FIRST CONJUGATION; in £i2. BLAM-ER, to blame. INFINITIVE MOOD. Simple Te lines PRESENT. (A primitive Teme.) Com]'Ound Tenses. rUETEUIT. (Comp. of the Pres. infinitive.) Blam-er, to blame. ! Avoii; blam-e , to have blame.1. PAllTICU'LE PRESENT. (A primitive Tense.) Blani-ant, PARTICIPIil^ i'AST. blaming, 2d participle past. {Comp. of the Participle present.) Ayant blfim-e , having l)lamed . participle FUTnBK. {A primitive Tense.) thoyg iUCim-e, ee, blauiod.Dovant blam-er, who is to blame. 1 — 12 — INDICATIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. PRESENT. (^ primitive Tense.) S. Je blam-e, I blame or Tu blam-es II bmm-e, lie blames P. N. blam-ons, we blaraq V. blam-ez, ye blame "1 'i. lis blam-ent, they blame i ^ IMPERFECT. {Formed from the Particip. prest by chan(jin(j ant iiito ais.) S. Je blam-ais, I was Tu blam-ais, thou wast ^ 2J Ilbla^a-ait, he was 'H •f . JVous blam-lons, we were g 3 Vous blam-iez, ye were S .'S lis blfim-aient, they were"^ '^ Compound Tense PRETERIT IXDEFIXITK. PRETERIi; DEFINITE. T , , {-^primitive Tense.) I blame or - « S Tp hiAm o; t n / , +Hn„KT, A sycfli^- Je OMm-ai, I blamed ^ p. N. blam-ames, we blamed ^s V. blam-ates, ye blamed ^ lis blam-erent,they blamed *- FUTURE. ' {Formed from the Pres. infinitive by adding ax.) Je blamer-ai, I will or Tu blamer-as, thou wilt g II blamer-a, he will S Nous blamer-ons, '^ Vous blamer-ez, lis blamer-ont, S. we will :f ye will 'S they will "» {Compound of the Pres. indicat.) S. J'ai blam-e, I have Tuasblam-d, thou hast II a blam-e, . he has P. i\. avons blam-e, we have V. avez blam-e, ye have "^ ■ lis ont blam-e, they have PRETERIT ANTERIEOR- a c3 PLUPERFECT. {Compound of the Imperfect.) S. J'avais blam-e, Iliad Tu avals blam-e', thouhadst • II avait blarti-e, he had "S P. N.ftvions blam-e, we had f V. aviez blam-e, ye had '^ lis avaient blam-e, they had FUTURE PAST. S, J'e\is blam-e, I Tu eus blam-e, thou II eut blam-e, he P. Nous eumes blam-e, we Vous eutes blam-e, ye lis curent blam-e, they o B S. J'aurai blam-e, I will or ^ Tu auraJ? blam-e, thou wilt I II aura blam-e, he will ~ P. N.aurons blam-e, we v/ill ^ V. aurez blam-e, ye will ^ lis auront blam-e, tliey will I PRESENT. {Formedfrom thefuiureby chang ing rai ?n/o rals.j >>. Je blame-rais, Tu blauie-rai.s, II blame-rait, P. Nous blame-rioiis, Vous blame-rioz, lb blfime-raieut. CONDITIONAL MOOD. I thou he Ave ye thov 3 CO S PRETERIT. |(Co?«,/). 0/- the Condition. :S. J'aurais, or J-eusse Tu aurais, Tu eusses » II aurait, II eut 'if* P. N.aurions. N.eussionsJ V. auriez, V. eussioz? Ilsauraient, Ilsoussout pres.) I i thou 5 he ^ we ~. they ;• — 13 — IMPERATIVE MOOD. S. No first person. Blam-e, ' «Qu'il blam-e, P. Blam-ons, Blam-ez, Qu'ils blam-ent, Do thou blame, let him blame, let us blame, do ye blame, let them blame. SUBJONCTIVE MOOD. Simple Te7ises. PRESENT. {Formed from the parte, by changing Sint into S. Que je blam-e, that Que tu blam-es, Qu'il blam-e, r. Que nous blam-ions, Que vous blam-iez, Qu'ils blam-ent, present e.) I - thou g he ^ we -^ ye * they « IMPEBFECT. {Formed by the parte, definite by ehangirig ai into asse.) S. Que je blam-asse, that I g Que tu blara-asses, thou | Qu'il blam-at, he 3 P. Que nous blam-assions, we S Que vous blam-assiez, ye .SP Qu'ils blam-assent, they 9 Compound Tenses. PRETEREIT. (Cohround of the Present subj.) S. Que j'aie blame, that I '6 Que tu aies blame, thou J Qu'il ait blame, ' be '^ P. Que nous ay ons blame, we ^ Que vous ayex blame , ye ►» Qu'ils aient blame, they g PLUPERFECT. (Compound of the Imperfect subj.) 8. Que j'eusse blame, that I tJ QuetueussesbUme, thou^ Qu'il eiit blame, ^ he -^ P. Que N. eussions blame, we > Que V. eussiez blame, ye Qu'ils eussent blame, they"^ Conjugate the same verb : Interrogatively : Present. Pret. ind. Negatively : Imperfect. Pluperfect. Interrogat. and Future. Negatively. Future Past. Blame-je ? Do I blame. Ai-je blame ? have I blamed? Je ne blamais pas. I did not blame. Jen'avais p.blame. Ih. notblamd. Ne blamerai-je pas ? sh. I not blame N'aurais-je p. blame, shall I not have blamed. — 14 — > )■'■ SECOND CONJUGATION, in IE. B ANN-IR, to banish. INFINITIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. PiiESENr. {^primitive Tense.) Bann-ir, to banish. PARTICIPLE PRESENT. Compound Tenses. PRETERIT. \Compound of the Present infin.) Atoir bann-i, to have banished. 2d-^articiple past. {A primitive Tense.) Bann-issant, banishing. \^^0"^Pound of the Participle prs.) ST Ayant bann-i, ha vino- hnniaiio-i participle past, (^ primitive Tense.) I"- f. Bann-i, bann-ie, banished. ■ Ayant bann-i, having banished. participle fdture. Devant bann-ir, who is to banish. PRESENT. (^ primitive Tense.) S. Je bann-is, i o Tu bann-is, thou'? ^ tb II bann-it, he ° o -S r. Nous banu-issons, we ^^^ vous bann-issez, ye -2 -S •=• lis bann-issent, theyj § impi;rf£ct. (Formed from the part, present by changing ant into ais.) INDICATIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. PRETERIT definite. {.d primitive Te^ise.) TS S . 'S. Je bann-is, S. Je bann-iss-ais, Tu bann-iss-ais, II bann-iss-ait, P. N. banu-iss-ions, V. bann-iss-iez, I thou we ye lis bann-issaient, they 03 2 P O Tu bann-is, II bann-^., P. Nous bann-imes, Vous bann-ites, I Us bann-irent, future. {Formed from the present inf. by adding the syllabe 0,1) I thou he vre ye they 5? • OQ ■Si CO '^ preterit indefinite. (Compound of the Pres. indicat.) S. J'ai banu-i, i Tu as bann-i, thou 11 a bann-i, he P. Nous avons bann-i, we Vous a vez bann-i, ye Us ont bann-i, they Compound Tenses. S. Je bannir-ai, Tu bannir-as, II bannir-a, Nous bannir-ons, Vous Irannir^ez, lis bannir-ont. I thou he we ye they e3 a pluperfect. (Compound of the Imperfect ind.) S. J'av^iis bann-i, I _j Tu avais bann-i, thou J U avait bann-i, he •§ Nous avions bann-i, we ^ Vous aviez banni, ye f. lis avaient bann-i, they « ^resent infin.) lave banished. PRETl-.TlIT ANTERIOR. FUTURE PAST. ( Compoxind of the Pret. definite.)] ( Compound of the Future) S. .T'eus bann-i, I Tu eus bann-i, tliou II eut bann-i, he P. Nouseiimesbaun-i, we Vous eutes bann i, ye lis eurent bann-i, they rs ,S. J'aurai bann-i, " Tu auras bann-i, 'S I thou II aura banri-i, he P. Nous aurons bann-i, we Vous aurez bann-i, ye lis auront bann-i, they CONDITIONAL MOOD. PRESENT. PRETERIT. {Formed from the part. pre. by (Compound of the cbnd. present.) cha7igin(; YSii into YfiiB.) Is. J'auraisorj'eusse I S. Je banni-rais, I Tu banni-rais, thou II banni-rait, he P. Nous banni-rions, we Vous banni-riez, ye lis banni-raient, they en ^ O 55 T. aurais, tu eusses "~ thou ^ ^ Ilaurait,ileut She J 2 P. N. aurions, n. eus-.^^ we ^ .2 sions § rt V. auriez, v.cussiez ve -€ lis auraient,ils cussent they IMPERATIVE MOOD. S. No first person. Bann-is Qu'il bann-isse, P. Bann-issons, Bann-issez, Qu'ils baun-issent, Banish thou. * Let him banish. Let us banish. Bo ye banish. Let them banish. SUBJONCTIVE MOOD. by Simple Tenses. pre'Sent. (Formed from the part, prcs changing ant into e.) S. Quo je bann-iss-e, that I Que tu bann-iss-es, Qu'ii banu-iss-c, P. Q. noua bann-iss-ions, we Q. vous bann-iss-iez, ye a Qu'ils bann-iss-ent, they S thou.a a Compound Tenses. PRETERIT. (Compound of the present subj.) S. Que j'aie banni, that I . 4> Q. tu aies banni, tbc^i > -^ ^ ait banni, P. Q. nous ayons banni, we Que vous ayez banni, ye g J Qu'ils aient banni, they e3 — 16 — If' rr ii IMPERFECT. I {Formed from the pret. def. by\ adding se. ) ! S. Queje bannis-se, that I • Tl^\ bannis-ses, thou| i Qu'il bann-it, he ^i P. Q. nous bannis-sions, we t Q. Tous bannis-siez, ye -^ yu lis bannis-sent, theyg PLUPERFECT. {Compound of. the Imperf. subj.) S. Q. j'eusse banui, that I , he i> ve i^ ""^ 4( .— th^'V {For nied from the Part, present (Formedfrom i he Pres. infin.hij by chanijinij unt into ai.s.) chamjinij oil' into rni.) S Jo rf^n.ov-fi.is. \ w A S. .Tc recev-i'iii, \ n S. Jo re">ev-ais, Tu recov-ais, 11 rccev-ait, P. Nou« I'cccv-ioiis, Vous rccev-io?,, lis recev-aient, W' cj S. -Tc recev-vai, Tu recev-rus, tliou I! reeev-Vii, lie P. Nous rcoev-rons, vm Vous recev-rc'z, ye lis rcoov-foiit, they Compound Tenses. PT.UrKRrKCT. thou he "4> 8 VVf 1^ 'T3 vo V: -S tlioy pi o I'R KTERIT INi^r 11 NITE. (Compound of the Pros, ind.) (Compound of the fmperf. I ml.) S. .T'ai re9u, I ri S. J'avais ve(;u, Tu as rc^.u. thou > \ Tu avals rcvu, II a re(;'u, he '% \ H avait rc(;u, P. Nous avons re^u, we t 1*. N. avions r9(;u, Vo;i5 avez royu, ye S , V. aviez re^u, yo had I hail thou hadat^ he had ^ we had "3 ILs ont recu, they «; lis aYaientre<;u, they had if w "A J.I — 18 S PRETERIT ANTERIOR. ( Compound of the Pret. def. J'eus re9u, j Tu eu8 re?u, thou II eut reyu, he Nous eiirnes re?u, we Vous entes re9u, ye lis eurent rc§u, they ) u eS s, J' f TURK PAST. (Compound of the Future.) J 'aurai reyu, I shall ^ lu auras re9u, thoushaltS? 11 aura re5u, he-shall g N. aurons re9u, we shall g V. aurcz re(;u, ye shall ? lIsaurontreound of the Pres. subf) S. Quej'aiere^u, that I I Quetuaiesre(?u, thon^^ I ^ Qu'il ait re^u, he 5 ^ P. Que nous avonsrenj ^e '^'S Que vous ayez re9u,' ye fg Qu'ils aient reyu, thev ^ S — 19 — PAST. 'he Future.) I shall r^ thou Shalt > he'shall g we shall g ye shall f. they shallj IMPKUFECT. •?LU PERFECT. (Formed from the Prei. def. by (^(jQ^j^^j-Q^^ni of the Imperfect sub.) adding se.) S. Que je re^us-se. that I Que tu re(;us-ses, Qu'il rev'-ut, P. Que nous reyus-sions, Que vous rcyus-siez, Qu'ils re<,'us-sent, thou's « a u we ^ ye M, he S. Quej'eussere<;u,thatl V. Q. n. eussions re^u, we ^| Q. vous eussiezre^u, ye •- >. they a ! Qu'ils eussent re^u, they ^ T. ondit. pros. ) e I es thou :^ he sions <5j"ye iez ^ we ssent they ive receivecl. re. mbj.) ses. •es. ;I thou > ^• he J 9e ye |g thev FOUKTH CONJUaATION, in RE. VEND-RE, to sell INFINITIVE MOOD. Simple Tenses. j Compoand Tenses. ! PRESKXT. i^) ^Q\l\(Comirmnd of the Pres. Injin.) ' Atoiv vend-u, to have sold. 2n PARTICIPLE PAST. °" ' ( Comvound of the pariici. pres.) or o PARTICIPliK KUTI;RK.. BoldJDevant veud-re, who is to sell. PHKSUNT. Vend-re, PARTICIPLE PRFSKNT. Vend-ant. selling. PARTioii'LV. PAST. 'Ayant vend-u, haviiis sold ra. f. Veud-u, veud-ue, INDICATIVE MOOD. Simple Tenaes. O n3 a> PRES K NT. S .Te vend-s, 1" sell, or S T u vend-», thou sellest f II vend, he sells, P. Nous vend-on?, we soil, Vous vend-cz, ye sell, lis vend-ent, they sell, IMPERFECT. {Formed from the Parlicip. pres. by chan. J'avais vend-u, j ' Tu avals Tond-u, thou ^ il avait vend-u, he '• J/'^s avions vend-u, wo Vous aviez vond-u, ye lis avaient vend-u, they F! TIKE PAST. (Compound of the Future.) J'aurai vend-u, » [ Tu iiuras vcnd-u, thou ^ 11 aura vend-u, j,e 5 A;o!isauron.s vend-u, we - -^ V Otis aui-oz vend-u v© 2 '^ Hssauront veiid-u,' they"" , M COi\DmOi\AL MOOD. PRBHRN'T. rRf.TfiRlT. '■ - - ^. ;;,;iui'aisorj'cu.sse j H, Je vond-iiiis, Tu vend-rain, ri vend-rait, P. Nous veud-rions, . Vous vend-i'iez, 11? vcud-raieat, r tiiou f- ^ he ^^- thev "^ 'J'u iiurais, tu eusses thou il aurait, il eut -he ,N. aurions,n. eussions ^ we V. 'lunez, vous eussiez gye l.sanraient.iLscussent ^they wouJd hnvepold. CMPEIUTLVJi MOOD. H. .''y'o.///-s,-';)(.r.>,o/?., V'end-s, ■Q i"d vond-e, 'A ■. end-ons. /end- Qu'il ez. ^ell tliou. J^et hini sell. XiCt us sell. s veiid-ent. kScII ye, Ut them sell. 01 SUBJUNCTiy>]' MOOD. Compound Tcu8C$. PBKTERTT. Simple. Tenses. rHESENT. (Formed from the Purliciple , .^ ,r r. , .n \ pres. by changins aut into a.) (^Comvound of the Present sul>j.) S. Que je vend-o, that T S. Que j'aie veud-u, that I thuu;= Que tu aies vendu, t'tiou * lie * I Qu'il ait vendu, he J 3 we ^ p. Q. n. ayous vendu, we p-^g ,ve 5 Q. V, ayez vcudu, ye a tliej ' Qu'ih aient vcndu, they Que tu vend-e^, Qu'il vend-e, P. Que nous v end-ions, Que vou m r *• r:\ iy adding so.) (Compound of the Impeyf. svh).) S. Que je vendis-se, that r , Is. Q. j'eussevendu. that I -^ Que tu vendis-ses, tliou^ : Que tu eusses vendu, thou § Qu'il vend it, he p. Que nous vendis-sions, wc ^ P. Q. n. cussions vciidu, we ^ •> Que vous vendis-sicz. ye -g ' Q. v. eussiez vcudu, y^' 'I Qu'ils vendis-sent, they ^ 1 Qu'ils eussont veudu, they « Qu'il eut vendu., Q. Q. he GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. I Verbs are coujueated intcrroyat ively , by placing the pronoum nominative after the verb in simple tenses ; as, Biam^-^e ? Entends-^c ? and, in compound tenses', between the auxiliary verb and the participle ; as, A\-je -bliim^ ? AvaiB-;e vcndu ? They cannot, however, be conjugated in- terrogatively farther than the indicative and the conditional moods. Verbs are conjugated negatively by means ot the double negation ne pas, the former of which is placed between the pronoum and the verb, and the latter after the verb ; as, Je ne blame pas^ &,Q. , Lastly, to conjugate a verb nerjathehj and interrogatively.^ the pronoum is placed after the verb, as said aboye ; and ot* the two uQgatives, 7ie precedes the verb, and pas follows the pronoum. Ex. — 'Ne blamous-nous pas ? A^'avons-nous pas blame ? — 22 — m , I w ir./ I ■ VERBS NEUTER. ' >^^^^^y'^ZT:^f::t^''L'''t. -"j»s''*«^ w^h the tio™ ; but -somrZ'te, verb ZusfL "•'■'^^'f -"""J"?"- in which case the nl^l T' i.Tf ''\''<'?J"g»tod with etre, the verb ft., to theTor r^ondi;^", T'""*"'/ *^ '«"«^« °f make the partieinle fn^n / . "'"' "^ '""^'■' »■"! *<> T!ie fbllowin,. list contain, if * i,' ^^' '"'™ departed. mo«t part of th°as terbf. "u't "ttt ' '' '"''' ''^ <^' ''"' the auxiliary verb £<™. ' "'^ conjugated with Aborder, Accoucher, Accourir, Aller, Arriver, Deceder, Bechoir, to land , to bring forth to run to ; to go ; to arrive ; to die ; to decay ; Descendre, to go down ; Eclore, -Entrer, Mourir, Naitre, Parti r. to hatch, to come forth ; to enter ,• to die ; to be born ; to depart ; Passer, to pass ; Kester, to stay ; Monter, to ascend ; joi-tjr, to go out ; lomber, to fall ; Venir, to come ; l)evenir ; to become • Survenir, to befall ; ' Kevenir, to return , I arvenir, to arrive at ; Intervenir, to intervene ; Unvenir, to agree ; Iro venir, to proceed. KEFLKCTED VERBS. —♦■>^H5 -•—.*- ^ Of "Sr v^^^^"^i ^'^' ^^?"^«^ '^^^^ conjugated by tenses, be made co agree in r/eud pronoum nominative of the verb means ten.-;: he. .nadrS 'L^rS/ri •'^'"' 'i' ^"'""""^ ^W^^i^in ffuiaet ami ui ?i2cm6er with the (.TU,, Vcri Monus to the Ut Cou/,,^„lw„.) '' — 23 — ted with the lar conjuga- 3d with Ure, le tenses of ^•ozV, and to ' in gender )f the verb. ^e departed. r^e departed. ' by far the igated with tld ; it ; 5 ue ; I . ■ ) 3 at; BCI. by means onipound with the INFINITIVE MOOD. Compound' Tenses. PEKTERIT. (Compound of the pres. infin.) Se flatter, to flatter oug's self.jS'etre flatty, ' to havo flatte^'ed j one s sp**^» PARTIOIPLt; PRESKNT. 2d. PARTICIPLE PAST. , , ,, . , ....(Compound of the partic. pres.) 8e flatt-ant, flattenng oues self. )^,,^^^. ^^^^^,^ having flattered I'ARTICIPLK PAST. OHC'S Self. PARTICIPLE FUTURE. ^- ^' jDevant se flatter, who is to flat- FlAtt-e, Flfttt^ec, flattered. \ ter himself. Simple Tenses. PB.E9ENT, S, Je me flatt-e, Tu te flatt-es, 11 se flatt-e, P. Nous nous flatt-ons, Vous vous ttatt-ez, lis se flatt-ent, S. Je me flatt-ais, Tu te flatt-ais, II se flatt-aits I*. Nous nous flatt-ions, Vous vous flatt-joz, lis se flntt-aient, fcs. ,lo me flatt-ai, Tu t« iiatt-as, 11 se flatt-a, P. Nous nous flatfc-;\m b: P r X r T K. i> V htTSPlf SttSC '"'"''' ^'""' ''■ ''"' '^^'^^^^'^^-^ o.n.eIve.. IN^'soff fl'^'^^r" -If'^^^^^ ^^'^^'<^ fl^^""-«'l vourselvc. PUKTF-RIT AN'TKKIOR. •'^. Je me ins flatte or flattees, 'I'll tQ fus flatte or Hattoe, ' II o» elle se tut flatte or flattde, 1 . ^ous nous fumes flattes or flattoes VOU.S vou.s fiUcs liattoy or flattuea,' feo. .u. ,,. .■.ux.t£t«;;7'S.c/rcra"SS^^^^^^ I liad flattered myself, thou ha-ist flatter 'dthyself he or she had flatter'd&c. we have flatter'd ourselves ye had flatter'd yourselves rLUpy.RFKCT. S. -lo lu'etais flatte or flattec, lu t'etais flatte or flattee, ' llou olio y'utait flattd or flattde, t. ^ous nous dtionsflattes or flattdes Vous vous dtiezflattds or flattdes. ' n. »„ one, .,.«,™„t t,au;%;75,ateo./ :h7i:«rs?«,"S I, had flattered myself. thou hadst flattered thyself, he or she had flattered ic. we had flattere.'l ourselves. .yeJiad flattered yourselves. ri'lTRf; I>AS3'. S. Jo me serai flattd or flattde, 1 11 to seras flattd or flattde, lis ,/ . fl'^ttos or flattoes, yo will have flattered &c Us ou tllo. .se Horont flattds or flattdes. they will have flattered &c, I shall have flattered myself, thou wilt have flattered &c; heorshe wdll have fla tter'&c. OONDITIONAL MOOD. I'RESKN'T. S. Je me flatt«r.ui,s, 'i'u te flaiCer-ais, Tl se flatter-alt, 1*. Nous nous flatter-ious, Vous vous ttattor-iez, Us ,?e rttitter-aieut, T should, flatter niv,«s«>|f. thou shouldst flatter thyself, lie or she would flatter &c. wo would flatter ourselves. ye would flatter yourselves, they would flatter themselves. PRETETllT, S Je me serais or fasse flatte or flattee, I should have flattered &c. Tu tG serais or fusses flatte or Uattee, thou shst. have fliitt^ered iec. n ou elle se serait or fut flatte orflattee he or siie sh have flattered. P. Nousnouseerionsorfussionsflattes, we should have flattered Vous V0U8 series or fussiez or ourselveri. lis OH elled so seraieut or fussont flattees, &c. IMPIiiRATIVE MOOD. s, J\o first person. Flatto-toi, Qu'il OU, qu'oUc sc flatte, , Flatt-ons-nous, Flatt-ez-vous, Qu'ils OH ([u'elles so flattcut, Flatter th^'self. Let him or her flatter &c. Let us flatter ourselves. Flatter yourselves. Let them flatter themselvca. SIIBJUNCTIYE MOOD. S. Que je nio flatt-e, Que tu te flatt-es, Qu'il so flatte, Quo nous nous flatt-ionrf, Que vous vous flatt-iez, Qu'ila se flattent, 1' vS. Que jc mc flatt-asse, Quo'tu te flatt-assep, Qu'il se flatt-at. PRKSENT. that I may flatter myself. thou mayst flatter thyself, he or she may flatter hlraorlicrself we may flatter oursclvea. ye may flatter yourselves. they may flatter themselves. IMPERFKCT. / that r might flatter myself. thou mightet flatter thyself, he or she might flatter &c. P. Quo mnid nous tiatt-asslona, wo might flatter ourselves. Que vous vous flatt-assiez, ye might flatter yourselves. Qu'ils ?e flatt-assent, they might flatter thcmijelves. I'jir.TriUT. S. Queic mosois flatte or &c. that I may have flattered myself. Que tu sois flatte or flattee. thou mayst have flattered ice. Qa'il ou elle se soit flatte or &c. he or she may have flattered &c. P Q n n.soyonsflattes or flattees we may have flattered ourselves, "oue Vous vous soyozflattes &c. ye may have flattered yourselves. Qu'ils ou dies so soient flatt«5s &c they may have flattcre- ''*^^ <"" ^.i' her verbs, have but I ^^-v I mem -^ 5» A Table of the Regular and Defective Verbs in. the Four Conjugations, with the Primitive Tenses. Present Infinitive. \Parlic. Pre»ent.\ Participle Past Present Indicative. Pret. Definite. J^regularUm in other , Firsl Coxjuqation. Allcr, To go. Euvoyer, To send. j All-ant, lEuvoy-iiiit, All-o. JEavoy-i'. Je vais, tu vas, il va,&c. , J'all-ai. ils vont. j J'envoie. !j'cnvoy-ai. Put. 3'irai ; pros. sub. que j'ailk'. Fut. J'en verrut. Skcoxd Conjugation-. Acquiir-ir, To (ic<}uirc. Ai'qui'r-iint. Wcquis. Bouill-ir, To boil. Bouill-nnt. Oouill-i Conquur-ir, (See acquurir.) Cour-ir, To run. Cour-ant. Cour-u. i and its compoumls. Cueill-ir, To gather. Cueill-ant. Cueill-i ! and its compounds. Dorm-ir, To sleep. Dorm-ant. Dorm-i. Faill-ir, To/ail. none. Faill-i. Fu-ir, Tojlee, Fu-yant. Fu-i. Ha-ir, To liate. Ha-i'ssant. Ha-i. Mour-ir, To die. Mour-ant. M'jrt. .T'!iqmer.«, tu acquicr»,'j'acqwjs. il acquic)7. Je bous, tu bou.s, il bout. .To bouill-is. . Jecours.tu cuurs.ilcourt .Je cour-us. i Je cueill-e. |je cueill-is. Je dors, tu dors, ildort.'.Je dorm-is. I Out of use. jJefaill-is. Je fuis. ;Jo fuia. { I !Je hais, tu hais, il hait.jJe hais. I Jo meurs, tu meurs, il .Te mour-us. meuri, noua mouroii.'^,! V0U8 inourez, ils meu-i rent. j Off-rir, 1 .^ .i (To offer. O^.r-xnt. OS-crl. Ouv-ir, I :S S s J '""Z"^'"- Ouv-rant. Ous-erl. Couv-vir, I -y g s I to cover. Couv-raiit. Co\i\-cit. SoutF-rir, J § ^ [tosi//A'>-. Souff-rant. Souff-er/. Part-ir, To depart. QuL'-vir, Tofclch. S,iill-ir, Ti) project. As.saill-ir. To'att Ti'essaill-ir, Tj shndler, Sorv-ir, To serve, __ De.ssorv-ir, To clear awnj. Dosser-vant Sort-ir, To ijn o:il. Sort ant. Tcu-ir, 'To hold. 'rcn-ant. , Part-ant. iPart-i 5 [Only }iscl. in the \ Prrs. Iiifin Saiil--iiir. Ass;i;il-;uit. Tressaill-ant. Ser-vant .Saill-i. A«saill-i. Tressaill-i Sor-vi. De.ssor-vi. Sor fi. TL'-nii. . J'off-re. J 'ou v-rc. Je couv-re. Je souff-JT. [J'off-rls. J'ouv-ris. 'Jo couv-ris. Je soulF-ris. |Fut. J'acquerrdi, pros, j subj. (jue j'acqHt'erc. So conjup;ate all the i compounds of jUfYir, ! sucli as conquerir, \ requCrir, 6(C. jFut. Je courrai. j Fut. .Je cueill-rai. •Pres. subj. Quejefu-ie, I pi. que n. fuyions, &o. I Fut. Jo mourrai ; pres. subj. que je meure, pi. quo nous mourions, que vous mouricz . qu'ils meurent. I V-onir. To come, aula'! its comjioitads are r o<>j.e.iac.lil,i'T-vn[r Vut-ir. To clothe. Vc-t-arit. Vet-u. Jepar-s,tupar-s,ilpar-t .To part-is. Ilsaillc,(3//)C)-.s. oiilij.) J'assaill-e. J'a»saill-is. I Je tressaill-c. .)o tre.ssaill-is j Je ser-s, tu scr-s, il sert. Je .•*erv-is. : Je dessoi--s. Je desser-vis Jo sorSjtu sor-,s,il sor-t. Je .'■ov-tis. Jct-/e?)s, tu t-!cns, il t- .K- tin->s j ic/ii, pi. noust-enons, tin-mes j V. t-oncz,ils t-icnnent iJe vuts, tu vdts, il vet. Jo vut^is. .Vsservir, to eiisla I a regular verb. !■(•, IS nous Fut. Jo Uendriu ; I subj. que je lien Thus rcvid-ir. pt'-_'S ne. Third CoN,JuaATiON. Avoir, To have. S'ass-coir, To sit Ayant. S'assoyant. jEu. I Ass-is. t [^lioir, Duc'ii-oir, .Devoir, Ei;h-oir, b'alUpir, Moiav-rur. To fall. TQ 'iecai/. To oive. the. i Onlji used in t ( Prei. Injin. not i/.ic'. Vech-ii. D-evant. J'ai, tu a?, il a. .Je m'ass-icJs. iJ'eus. •le nrasals. To/all due. 'Dch-eant. To Ite mccsscrrij none. To move. 'Mouv-ant. Pcrc-evoir, To rolled. tPero-evant. So also are conjugated : | Jllierc-cvoir,\oace; rcc-evoir,] to receive ; conc-evoir, to conceivo ; and dec-evoir, to deceive. | [Plcuv-oir, To rain. iPIuuv-ant. :Pnuv-oir, To be able. iPouv-ant, Pour-voir, To provide. Pourvoy-ant. iPrdval-oir, To preViiil. iPreval-aat. Sav-oir, S-coir, S-eiiir, To know. To sit. To become. So.-chant. S-dant. ;S-cyaut. D-.i. Ech-u. Fall-u. Mu. Porv-u. Plu. Pu. Pour-vu. Prdval-u, Je dueli-ois. ) t t - i ;NousdecI.o-yons. J ,'^e dec!i-us. ; Je dois, n'jus dovons, il.- Je dus. i doivcnt. jUech-oit. II ech-ut. third person onhj. I 11 faut. II fall-ut. Jenicus.tu mciis, nr jo pfuir , tu Jepws. pni.r, il peat, nous pouv-on,s, vous pouv-, oz, ils pi'uv-ent. i Fut. J'aurai. Fut. Jo Ill'ass-^■|Tai, pr. I subj. que je m'ass-ci/e. ( Fut. JcKich-crrai, prs. Subj. qncjc di'ch-oie. i \ Fut. So d-evrai. jFut. II cch-orra, pros. ' subj. qu'il eoh-iie. Impf. li tallait ; tut. il ' faudra ; pros. subj. i qu'il/ui//-e. JFuf. .KMnouv-)'(n'; pros. I subj.quojowieHi'c.quo tu ine:ives, qu'il meu- I uf; pl.(iuenousniouv- ( ions, f|Uo vous niouv- j icz, qu'ils uiCKvent. i Fut. Jtipercevrai; pros.' I s\ihj. que je pereoive,' Si.0., pi. ([ue nous per- cevions, &c. ( Fut. II plcuv-ra. Fut. .h: pourrai; pros, suj. unc }o puisse. Su. Si). none. |.Je pour-vois, Jo prdv-nwa:. Jc sais, tu snis, il sait ; nou.i sa COILS, vous sa- I'ez, ils sarent. \JVo otiier lenses. II sled. Jo pour vi/,1. Je prdval-us. Jc sus, I Fut. Jc pouvv-oi'rai. jFut. Jc;irc'i'(i«r/rni;pr i I subj. que je \-\r6vule. \ iFut. .fesaurai ; iniperf. jcaa-THi's ,• pros. aubj. quo jo sache. \ |Fut.llsii,1ra;cui)d.il sii'- ' rait ; no other t:-nx,-^. nui ; no uiner ir.nxm. iPour-voir, To provide. iPreval-oir, To prevail. Sav-oir, I S-eoir, L Surs-eoir, Val-oir, yoir, Voul-oir. To know. To sit. To become. To suspend. To be worth. To see. To wish. Pourvoy-ant. iPreval-ant. L o&-chant. |S-eant. jS-eyant. I Surs-oyant. iValant. Voy-ant. Voul-ant. Pour-vu. Preval-u, Su. Sis. none. pouv-ons, vous pouv- ez, ils pcMv-ent. Je pour-vois. Je prev-aux. Je sais, tu sais, il salt ; nous sauons, vous sa- vez, ils savent. JVb other tenses. II sied. Surs-is. Val-u. Vu. Vou!-u. Je pour v)/». Je preval-U8. Je sus. none. Je sura oia. Je sura-is. Je va.ux,t\ivaux,'\\vaut; Jq val-U3. nous val-ons , vousj val-ez, ila vol-eut, Je vois. I Je t)/«. Jo veuxM veiix, il veut; : Je voul-us. nous voul-ons, vous voul-ez, ils veulent. Fourth Conjugation. Absou-dre, To acquit. Batt-re, Boi-re, Brai-re, Circonoi-re, Clo-re, Conolu-re, Confi-rc, Conn-aitrc, Cou-dre, Ci'oi-rc, Dire, and Re-dire, To beat. To drink. To bray. To circumcise. To close. To conclude. To pickle. To know. To sew. To believe. To saij. To say again. Abs-olvant. Batt-aut. Bwu-ant. none. Circonci-sant. I none. Conclu-ant. Conii-sant. Conu-aissant Cou-sant. Cro-y ant. Di-sant. Mau-dirc, To curse. Eori-re, To write. and its compounds. Eire, To be. Faire, To do. and its compounds. Fri-re, ! Li-re, Lui-rc, Mctt-re, Moudre, Nai-tro, Nui-re, Pai-trc, Repai-tro, Tofry. To read. To shine. To put. To ijrind. To be born. To injvre. To feed. Ditto. Pein-dre, To paint. Pl-iire, Pren dre, I and its Rusou-dre, • i < lli-re, i Suffi-ro, Sui-vro, I and its Taire, TiMi-rc, Vainorc, j and its Vivre, To please. To take, compounds. ■ To solve. ^ _ To decide. ) To laugh. To suffice. Tofollow. compounds. To hold secret. To milk. To conquer, compounds. To live. Mau-dissan^ Ecri-vant. Etaut. Fai-sant. none. Li-sant. Lui-sant. Mett-ant. Mou-laul. Nai-ssaut. i Nui-sant. Pai-ssaiit. Repai-ssant. Pei-Knaut. Pl-aisixnt. Pren-aut. Resol-vant. Ri-ant. Suffi-sant. Suiv-aut. Tai-s;nit, Tra yant. Vaiu-quaut. Vi-vant. m. Aba ous, f. Abs-oute, Batt-u. Bu. none. Circonci-s. Clos. jConclu. :Confl t. !Conn-u. i Cou-su. ICru. iDit. Maudit. Ecri-t. Ete. Fai-t. Flit, frito. Lu. Lui. Mis. Mou-Iu. .X,-. Nui. none. Repu. Pcint. ,rui. 1 Pria. i jRjsous. (no fern.) I 7/1. /'. Resolu, lie. Hi. Suffi. Sui-vi. Ta. Twai-t. Vain-cu. J'abs-ous. none. Je bats, tu bats, il bat. Je battia. Je bois, tu bois, il boit ; Je bus. nous biivons, vous bu- 1 vcz, ils botvent. none. oirgonci-! none. .le conclu-s. Je coafi-3 Je coiin-us. Je cou-sjs. II brait. Je eirconci-s. Je clos, tu clos, il clut. Je couclu-s. Je confi-3. Je coiiu-:ii3. .Te cou-ds. Jeerois,tucrois, iloroit 'je cms. Je(lis,fudis.ildit;nous|je dis disoiis, vous dites, ils disent. Jemaudis,&c.nousmau-i.Jo niaudis. dissons.v. inaudissci.l J'(5cr-is. IJ'ecri-ris. Je suis, tu cs, &c. Je fa-is, tu fa-is, il fait : nous fai-sons, vous tui-tcs, i\a font. Je fris, tu fris, il frit. (no plural.) Je li-s. Jo lui-is. Je mets. Je mou-ds, n. mondons, iJc nais. Je nui-g. Je pa-is. Jo repais. Je pein s. .Je fus. Jefis. none. .Je lus. none. I Je mis. ! Je mou-lus. .la nacquis. I Je nui sis. I none. Ije ropus. i .Ic pi'i-jj'ais. Vicu. ■Jo pl-ais. |Jo plus. Jepreii-ds,iiouspi'i'iioiis .To y);-ij. Je I'esiihis. Je ris. Je suflis. I Je sui-vis. ! Jo tus. none. [Jo vain-riuia. Jo vi'cus. Je suftis. Je sui-s. Je tai-s. Je trai-s. Je vain-cs' Je vi-s. suj. qucjepu/sse. Put. Je pourv-oirai. ! Fut. Joprevatidrai;i>r i aubj.quejepruva/e. | Fut. Jesaurai ; imperf.^ jesa-rais ,• prea. subj. quejosacAf. ! Fut. II siera ; cond.il sie- rait ; no other tenses. Fut. Je surs-soirai, &c. Fut. Je vaudrai ; pros, subj.que.ie vaille, que nousval-ions,quoyf)H3 va!-iez,qu'ilsi)oi7/e/i/ Put. Je verrai. ] [Fut. Je voudrai : pros, subj. que je reuille, [ que tu veuilles, qu'il veuille, pi. que nous voulioiis, que vous voul-iez qu'ils veuillent. Pros subj. Quejeio;iie,' quo tuio(fes,qu'il6oi- ve ; que nous buv-ions, q.v.buv-iez,q'.boi'vent. No imp. no pres- subj. ! Pres. subj. Q.jeconolue. Pres. subj. Q.jcconfi-se. All other compounds of dire form the 2d jjerson pi. of the pres. iiid. re- gularly iu dis-ez ; as, vous medi.sez, \oaa pre- disez,\o\is contvedisez Fut. Jo serai, imp. sois. Fnt, Je fcrai; pres. subj. que jc/iissc. The preterit is used only iu the compound verb reuuitrc, jo rcpus. Thus all verbs iuaindre, eindre and oindre such as craindre, enfrein- drc.jsindre, ^-c. , Pres sub. que je prenjie, pi. quo nous preoious. Prc's.subi.quejecjc;pl. que nous ri-ions. N. B.— Verbs ia andre'xin^ cndre, such as rvpandre, and prendre, preserve the d m the three persons singular ot the Present Indicative. Ex : ./e rcpands, tii comprcnds, il cntend. But verbs in aindre, eindre, and oindix, reject |the d, and the third person singular ond.s with at. Ex : Je crain-s, tu crain-s, il crain-t. FUENCII EXERCISES. PART FIRST. A SERIES OF EXERCISES UPON ALL THE FOREGOING VERBS AND THEIR LIKE. Upon the Verb AVOIR. PRESENT. I have a garden full of fine trees ancl. fruit. jardin,m. de arbre, m. fruit, m. p. Hast thou good books in thy library ? bibliothiqrie, f. He has an excellent father and a virtuous mother, vertueux. Has she not all the gifts of fortune and of rank ? don, m. rangy m. The father of a family has a great responsibility. , grand. Have we a good and pure conscience ? conscience,/. Ye have not understanding enough to decide. 2. 1 assez de, pour, They have a great advantage over us. sur. Our soldiers have both courage and moderation. a lafois. • IMPERFECT. I had formerly several friends, but now I have none. autrefois. mais je n'en 2'^'^- I S\ — 30 — Thou hadst plenty of bread, and I had nothing. en abo>idance, ne ricn. Had he not all the comforts of life ? coiamodiie , f. She had manj admirer,«, and lew true friends. leauconp dc j.eu de. We had but little money, and still less eredit. ne que encore. You had a great authority over the people. sur. Had they not justice and the law on their sile ? de. PRETEUIT DEFINITE. ^ I had much trouble at first. d'abord. Thou hadst great riches ; but hadst thou peace of heart ? richesses,f. He bad no pity for the uufortunato, pas de malheureux, m. pi. She had a great respect for the memory of her mother. lour. We had charity for our neighbour — you had none. voisin, m. Had you not the fever after your return ? fuvre,f. apres They had recourse to the King's kindness and pity. recours, m. bonte,/. P U T U R li. I shall have much pleasure during the vacation. beauc'ottp de vacance, pL Wilt thou have good luck in thy enterprise ? bonheur, m. He shall not have any' reward from his parent«i. de de. We shall have eternal life after our death. yie,f. Wifl you always have so little regard for your masters? si pen de. They shall have neither peace nor rest from their laboi^s. n' ni ni de • — 31 — Voynpound Tenses. P R E T E R T T INDEFINITE. .1 have had this office for manj years. IWSJt^l^'.!' charge^ f. pendant. Ilast thou had an answer from thy attorney ? dc. This bird lias had several youngs ones this year. petit, m. We have not had any winter for some years. de dcpuiF. Yoirhavc had twelve dolkirs, and I had only five. '^\-0'^:&>f^} v.v.,.:> moi,J'e.n. lave these men not had inonev enouirh ? 2. I. ". ' iissez de. PRiETF.RIT ANTERIOR. •k f {This Tense of the Terh AVOIR is hardly ever used..) PLUPERFECT. ^ 1 iuid liad a serious ((uarrel with your brother. qverelle,/ Thou hadst had many good opportunities. occasion,/. He had taken care of his brother and siaterH. avoir. ' If we had had the same reysources which you had. fit me/ine que. If you had not had my a^siistancc in tliiti affair. ftecours, m. H{m1 they not had so many good friends. .Sf'<7,s " Uwi dc. ' FUTUKE I' AST. When I tjhall have that pleasure. Ouand. When thou shalt have had all the profits. profit, m. She will have had all the nece^^sary time. temps y m. — 32 -. T'.ey .ill l,Hve had pe.n.feion fr J.^e ri;-^- , COxVWwWl MOOJX I should havo mnnr. f • , "1VC many fnond.s if'T h-iri r»^ n .,. . ^ "'^a money. ^l« garden woM have a better , "^o -ouid have u„ . -""- "''"■•''"'^^- "ouKijou have the good.o^„,L_ Had they no otlm,. j*""'''-/- y no othe. advantage over you? I'RETJiUiT «"-M I not have been right in th..a.e. 5^ho« wouId.t noTtve 1^^°% «-ou>dhave,.adr^>--"^'"™'''^ "^0 had Mows instead of a reward >Vould she have had ., . "«"'"*■ ' ^'-^ouldhav:,/^--'*"''^^-^^-^^'^ " have had to deal with u strn'f,'"-"'''- <""'■ */■) H="l you had ten ti.;"""'" ^ ^ ''"""^• ten tunes more soldiers- Would vour -ir,,,. '^°"P''">de. ' s::;^^'''^- >>''•' "-^oiiditr? ' def.) — 35 — IMPERATIVE MOOl). My friend, have a little charity for thy neighbour. un pen de pour. Let him be right or wrong in this affair. avoir tort. Let US have pity on the poor and the mifortunate. pour. Citizens, do ye but have confidence in nie. seulement. Let tlie prisoners have food and drink. d manr/er a boire. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PUESENT. I must have twenty pounds before to-morrow. Ilfaiit que livte,f. Suppose thou hast all the power of a King. Suppose que. ,■ Before she has the means and the strength of— Avant que moye?i, m. force, f. Although we have the best possible right — 2. 1. Q'ioique droit, m. Whether you have good ad ciualities — Que {fie) (de.) Unless the magistrates iiave sufficient authority. .2 moins que (ne ) IMPERFECT. Before I had the power which I now have. Avant que que. That thou mightst have the estate of thy fathers. Afin que bien, rn. Although he had all 'the necessary tools — 2. 1. Q"oique o'tiil, m. He ought to have both prudence and valor. // faudrait que et et. I wish we had more time and more books. Long before you had any intelligence; of it. Longtemps des nouvelle,/. pi. en. — 34 — ol'i"^''' '""^ """^ "'""y '^'*"«^««« ■■" their favour. en leur. Quoique PRETERIT. . I must have had a fit of madness. ^f^ut que acces, m. itr,^" '""' '■^'' •'"' f - of chief magL«U-ate. ir* ^^r''-"''^' '''■'™ ''^''' ';«0'l '••'"Sons. ^' cs^ possible que ^^") ' pl^'irS'^ '"™ '""' ^^'ti*""'"" for the ofte„ce- 'vu que de PLUPERFECT. ^ {This Tense is very seldom used.) Upon the Verb ETRE. INDICATIYE M00r>. PRESENT. I «m the LorJ thy (Jod, the Creator of all thin,.«. Seigneur, m. »" Art thou the fiAhful servant of a good master ? She is an exeollent wife amLgooJ mother. .Are we not the descSa'„(; of the Komans 7 V^„ , -, J^'Csccndani, m. ZZ ''"™'''" """^ '"«'''«*' » ''« i» Prou.1. Axo they ^rthy of the pro.nised mvariT' These tree,;'^?: old and uflfmittul. , vjewx stprih.. favour. strate. osal — niC'Q- •) lg.S. — 35 IMPERrECT. Wa8 I not tlic happy messenger of tluit lady ? messuffcr dame. 8he was not happy v/ith her cruel husband. heureux mari. We were twenty-tlve perBons at the a.ssembly. h. Y(.)U were all happy and s^atislicd with }our lot. content de sort, tn. Were they guilty or were they not ? coitpaOJe on ne V . TRETERIT DEFINITE. I wa.>^ <|uite .surprised at such a strange sight. tout surpris a si . me, f. Thou wast almost always the last, never the first. I'rcs'/iie jamais. WiXB he not a witness in the last criminal afi'air? temoin proces. VVe were not the only victims of his cupidity. . sp"/ cvjdditf, r. lou were the instruments oi'God's wrath. nil c.oliie, /', I hoy were not the dupes of your protended friendship. pvitendn. FUTURE. I will be your friend until death. jusqu'a. Thou shalt be the support of thy father's old ago. ^-, .,, , , sovticn,m. * viciUesse,/'. hhe will be a dutiful daugluor and a good mother. ohi-issanf. Shall we be the sport of all other nations? jouct. Will you bo faithful to your vows and oaths? ,., '''^--tand,ibe™,. tet us be grateful for every aet of !-• , „ '■«o««(/issa«< -^ "' kindness. Be .0 united and tbe^r^„,,,„^^ -your hands uevertenedv,.itU blood " ' «ubjun5J7^ hood. Mn«f T 1 PRESENT. >"t,/,:f :» ""^-'«-te, and yet i„no=e„t . rhat^|*ou»aye,tbetheproteo,onf;'he'finearl= Jpi^te"^ '"^y"" ^""'Panion througlfl?^' "'•"' - t'r,jr"^™-'-.we™u.,tbr;;;iy, 1-t.rght that you. ho„lZ£'r;.-o^'r Al-hough these worts bo inoon,p,et1,^^and rough - ■'m - 37 — IMPEllFECT. Although I was his best friend and his relation — Quoique pa-rent, tn. Before thou wert in such favorable circumstances. Jvantque si position,/. Was it necessary that he should be (a) good Latinist ? LalinUUt ^• Before we were rich and independent — Avant que Although you were ray bitterest enemies — Quoique cruel I wish your brothers were as attentive as you are, Je voudiais que aussi que V Compound Tenses i?i all Moods. PRETERIT DEFINITK. Thou hr .; jcen the first in thy class this week. semni}!'', f PLUPERFECT. 8he had been (a) pupil of the best masters. eleve meilleur. FUTURE PAST. We shall have been the inventors of this machina inventeur. CONDITIONAL. He would have been the commander of a ship. commandant, m. SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT. Although you have been unfaithful servants — Quoique tVinfulHes. SUn.JUNCTlVK IMPERFECT. Before tliey luid been aware of my inteQtioQ>!. ■r^ - 38 _ BEGULAR VERBS. J^^RST CONJUGATIO.V ,. UR. ^impU Tenses. ^ give good counsel*? m . r../on.er c«S//' ^^^^^^ People. ^ f^ou proposes^ a giod ,r.«o ^'?-'' i^^- ^ O"^- sister sings well hnf "'«^'^- ^''''*^"^^^^- o ''"'* '"^ ^o»«in plays better '^---ma„«evo.speabwiti::r;i;fJ^^ ,. ';/'^rc/,,;- happiness wiien we doubt ^^ ^ ou ao not limit the power of .. '^^"'^-•' A m. f. . '^''^'''^'•- ^"""^ "magistrates. ^ ^m^^ter IS satisfied when his Du.il • rp vn ^ ^''^'/^''^ ^^^^^ improve. jou advance «ne step more T kiw ^''''^''''■' <(vancer I' '"ore, I kiljl you. f^e p us tuer. -tnou didst think wla^i '''^/''•t.w. ^*^e "iJ not project a„a „i:r;i.'c„ The ,01."""- '"'""'"'"•'«'«''««•' m — 39 i'RBTliRIT DEFINITE. Did not I show much zeal and discretien in this case ?. moiitrer. Thou t'orgavest him all his past offenses. pardon ner passe. ^Eneas thus began the relation of his misfortunes. *'ominencer recit m. We adorned the victim, and we struck the blow. orner porter coup m. Did you not too much flatter her ruling passion ? ^ff alter trop dominante They insisted upon those conditions of the treaty. insister snr FUTURE. I will assist your cousin with all my power. aider de. Wilt thou not yield to the advice of thy family ? cider. He will order the feast and regulate the banquet. ordonner regler. Shall we publish the disgrace of our own children ? publier. You shall examine and question the witnesses. examiner (juestionner They shall not walk j we will carry them. marcher porter. Compound Tenses. PRKrERIT INDEFIiNlTE. I have basely abandoned my friend in distress. abandoniier. Hast thou not oft?n blamed his foolish conduct ? bldmer. The thunder-bolt has shattered the finest trees. foudre,/. fracasser. We have not equalled the ancients ; they have surpassed u,?. egaler surpusser. You have buried your money, and I have found it. enter rer irouver. They have not displayed sufficient energy. deployer assez de. — 40 — g , . PRETERIT ANTERIOp """^"^^"^"^^%-— „eel Had.t thoa not owned and confessed thy fault 9 ^"cnaidhadnoTp^ned^-n:?:- ,^7:'S;— -"-<». and attent J. ir; •^■""^^Si.'^^^-'f^e^ei.on. , J '■etoj's had amused the children ionuscr. I Wh«> I ol, t, L ^^"""^ '■''ST. When . shall have sealed the letters and papers When thou Shalt have discharged thy debt towards ,ne " ^'"' "'" ''"^^ P'-'yod the required tune. When we shall hnvn'^f"^'^ , demander. ..l)o„have^„edany.hi„,,,,,,,,,^^^„.^ ^^—t the, wil, have sun,n.„ned all your friend. appelet: — 41 CONDITIONAL MOOD. PRESENT. [l would willingly forget your former conduct. oublier. ■Wouldst tliou briug thy brother (to my house?) amcncr chez 7noi. Fire woukl consume it in half an hour. consumer en We would shut the thief (up) in the room. eiifermcr. Would you feel my poor In'other's pulse ? iatcr pouls, in. ?^houl■- -rived. That thev shn,,]^ «'v-ircr. •^/'M«'''""'fej.''-ti„,eand,,,eir„,o„ey. -J"at i shou c have nnf n/y ymi.il que ^'!* ^^ n^y voyage ! «*e'heMM„:^ra„t,.eWh. Although we have moderatecl hk PoT:M^^« ^^^^^ ""deceived von, .,.....,, •'"''S."'-'"«-^'--di»ar„>ed„,e rebel. (lesiti '■A iner. — 43 — riiUPERFECT. J&.lthough I had excused your former faults — excuse.r. Before thou hadst consulted thy father and mother — consvUer. Though she had not spent all her money — dc parser. |You must have dreamt or imagined this fable. ^Ilfautque river imaginer. . Do you think they would have dared to strike me ? renser oser frapper. SECOND CONJUGATION, in IK {Verbs whose Participle Present ends in issant.) INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. I bless the Almighty who has created me. benir creer Thou establishest thy credit upon a slender basi^. etahlir basef. She unites the qualities of the mind and of the heart. reunif. Do we fulfil all the conditions that the law imposes ? remplir itnposer. You do not punish the idle, and you reward the diligent punir recompense. Indolent princes weaken their authority. affaiblir IMPERFECT. I was just finishing my letter to the Minister. finir Didst thou not disgrace thy character by such frauds ? uviliv Orpheus softened the manners of men by songa. adoucir mc^nrs We alternately blushed and rougir. pali\ — 44 — i'»» 'lid not aocompli.,, our object. vomir. ^'•^>-^n. ^he servant soilecltheoarpe, ,."te ™' ■»»■!•-. ,1,.„,| BCsr:""-"- -'—-.» ^^ey not dazzle all eyes with fl,«- r ^'''^^■^' ^^^ ^' ^^^^ «ot weaken his frien^hlnT'' "'• Will rr. ''J^'^i^fir '^^^"^^'^^P for you. '"^^ ^""S" --^- on .a. .pot. Compound Tenses. Tk PRETERIT iNDEriNITK I have washed nil fi i , '^'^''^^^- „ Cc/'v'''''^f.«'''es of the family, Hast thou chosen th. ho«',&r «eaven has blessed the nnrrio l^^^^^nmander. benir. ^ "^^"^iriage of my daughter. — 45 — avc we not united all the votes in our favour ? reunir. en ■Jou have not yet demolished one-third of the house^ dimolir tiers, m. !Rie missionaries have converted some infidels. converiir. PRETERIT ANTERIOR. |\Vhen I had done my exercise, tlie bell rang. I finir sonner. ■Bcarcely hadst thou filled the bottle, when it burst. remplir que crever AVe had hardly betrayed that important secret — trahir. As soon as you had abolii^hed these bad laws — .lussitot que abolir When they had given the required security — fournir iVhen the bishop had consecrated the new church — benir. PLUPERFECT. I have never hated any one so much before. hair personne. If thou hadst acted more prudently on this occasion- atjir dans That sight had so much amused my children — divH^Nr We had already banished all these thoughts. h,in7iir. If you had bewailed that loss as much as he (did) — gemir de hti. The blood had not yet (gushed out) of his wound. iaillir They had accomplished the object of their Diission. accompUr. FUTUEE PAST. When I have enriched all mv relations — cnrichir Thou wilt not have done in three hours. Jinir. — 46 ~- «^-i)-otha.c groaned and „epti„vai„ «<■*«- ha.c ,a„,uThrd so 4"L- Foa will t. '1"*'«>- ^ ""' P"*"" ? ^0- the, ,ha,Uave deafened U,e audience- co.vditio.xa7 mood. J «oaId supply all I '"''^'""• ^^ ,/n''"' *'"""""^*' not whiten a .e«,^ «« -aid. certain,, fi,H,,„aice we,, ' We would weaken th^Xtt of y„„ ,. ?/?=.W,V ^"'"'"'^"'"•pi-edietioDg. J'oar disgracefi,, eondiw » ,j H„» .. '''''"'<' '^fleet upon me «0W would you defin- . 1. ">«,> ' ®- Conmmtnl '^ ^fr" ^"^ "Conduct 7 ^^bmldthcr house if the, ,,ad money. Wi'hout him I should I, '""^*'"- San. ^''»»'d h^ve perished for hunger ^'o** thou have chosen th^e i„ oref ^-■e Hor. would ha^t-,-i|'^^7- We would have blessedt*^' 7 Wou,dv„ ,5' '''''^" '^^ «•""» a favor. yvouid you not have Iiflf^^ ' ^^*^^ «"ch a scoundre] ? ^ey would not have M I .. "t oave blushed at any basp «..- '•owyiV D. PRESEi>:T. I must not overbid you for that p^perty. // ne/aut pas que encherir sur Provided thou dost ungloss this piece of u'oth — Pourvu que decatir drap, m. Vo you think that it will diminish your fortune ? ;V ^ penser que amoindrir i^o that the public effervescence abates. De sortc que s'atiiedir vve must not impoverish the provinces. II nefaut pas que appauvrir ; Although you may thin this pieceof wood— amincir Provide i the calves do not fall away this winter. ! tnaiyrir IMPEKFJSCT. I That I might widen the sleeves of this coat — eUtrgir Ho that thou mightst thicken the ink — epaissir Although he enlarged his state by continued purchases arrondir terre^f. urhitf, m. Provided we should not deafen our neighbours ttourdir Vou should clear up all our doubts. llfiiudrait que tclabcir In order that speeches should not incense the minde — A fill que aigrir e. — 48 — ., PKETERIT. J^apposo I iiave chosen the best «,'/lo nf iu -s^'w 0..^ 9u, c;,o/. ". ^® °^ ^^^ question— Before thou hast finished thy worJc I ^Uu u ^ . ^ yi,,;, "•> "'°^^' i ^^all have done mine,| Although the desease has weakened him much^''""' ' Before we have cleared tha^^^stery- TT ... , eclair cir S:"i.r.^,';r^ tr" •'•« s— of the«,a,e- l'rov,ded his children have not suffered (or 1* folies- 1, , ^ i'LUPERFBCT. Before I had performed my unpleasant taslc- Although thou hadst till then enjoyed good healt]>- Althoughit^vaspSlfthat^^dperished- ir,r ^'"""^ ""' ^r-'^ked .his h';^;_ W.tl.ou their l,„ving lamented over sneh a loss- ^ girntr. and persons as a^M^^L'^ ^g,;-^^^^^^^ INDICATiyfi MOOD. W« 11 . PRESENT. We all run after fortune anH hnn.„... You offv court r otrn t "' '' '^^'^ S^°^ opportunity — 49 — Ail men and animals are now asleep. [juestioa — iiave done mine jinir ich — tate — Ill's? fblies — ealtli— ed— uaintanee>». 5S — ^tead of isstirw ha preoedini; ti sucli tenser pr€S€?lt. Vo (form I r ung girls gather flowers in the meadows. cueuUiir IMPERFECT. * \ did contradict that false and scandalous report. dimentir I^idst thou feel the strength of the argument ? scnlir She offered to abandon her portion to her brother. olfrir We were (setting ofi) when your letter arrived. l^i^rtir arrucr,pret. d?t Did you not suffer from the intense heat ? They were (going out) and nothing detained tlicm. sortlr ' rclcnir laese assurances of friendship concealed a. treachery. covvrir At the time when Columbus wa.s discovering America, Au temps ou dtcouvrir These boys where growing rude and impertinent. devenir The water was boiling, and I felt its warmth. lionlUir sentir SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. rilESENT. Do you think that I will suffer your follies ? penscr so'.frir Before thou goest out of thy father's room — sortir He must sleep very soundly with such a noise. Ufa lit que dor mi r par <.Tet the horses ready, that we may depart early. ApprHer partir 1 wish you would consent to the bargain. ilestrer que consentir Provided the cnnemy flee, I am content to die. Aithougii the princes feel the insult. rcpsentir I do not think that the water boils yet. pa user liouil w 60 — Before i}iey open the gates of the citv.— ouvnr THIRD CONJUGATION in OIR. {Like Recev-oir.) INDICATIVE MOOD. I'RESENT. ' '::"L^. "''" ^"-^ 'r ^onr wo.,.., father. "' ::r:;? '^ ""^ p-j-* --, da.v. ^^''Z?/"" "''=''''='"»*•'''« ''"drospeof. rou(arc_^.,^.,.r much. ore t.lK.„ an the other. T)i«j do not foresee future ealaraitie« prevoir IMPKRFJiCT '''"f:r'""'^*--»*-"^o province. T.OU did. not^^i^e the eua.e under the, ,0.0™. felie did not owo mc any thanks. We du. ^t conceive great hopes from hi». you did deceive „,y expectation. Ti>e, co^^l'^hoir rents ve^ pu„„tu„„. I'llBTERlT DEFINITE i perceived j^ou fiom my window «rc/raoi> ^g ^ winaow. •Hiou receivedst a f-l-.n^!.. ^- , r — 51 — He conceived a strong aftection for your .-ht3. (•^]>ei'€r i/iic concpvoir We shall conceive no hatred against you, concci'oir You will owe me a large .Him of money. • lie voir The spies will discover the least sign. dicoucrir moindre Compound Tenses. I'RETEiUT I.rUEFIXlTl!:. T hj)V(! received several wounds in this hattle. recevoir Thou hjftit not provided for our subsistence. pour voir a She has not foreseen the result of her conduct. prv.voir We have entertained too high an opinion of her. roiiccmir You havci not deceived me m my ex[)ectation. «.^ dfcn-oir -Have their opinions prevailed over vours ? ftrCvu'oir ~— 'JJ — 1 1 I ^1 r ''RETKRIT AXTEIlIOi;. When I hu,| received my salary— ' . reccvoir. > AS soon as tliou hadst perceived the fault- "e !iad no sooner conceived this idea than- Vhe„.ha,l.i„edauhoarti.e.ton„„ba.ec,. .Soaroelv had «-e seen the king, „.he„ ;;'J:;Sed. J^'d you nav vnnr ,l,.Kfo , i , '^"^ pdriir. „, /«r.^;« ;^/!T' ""™ ■>•"" '-' '•eoeivedyourren..? « 1«'» your plans had prevailed over ov^'"''- prevnloir ITiU PERFECT. I had received so many favors from him- HacUt ,ou conceived a better opinion of me 1^ liad been raining for a Avhole week V\ e had provided for the .security- ofalJ ponrvoir « If you had owed your life to his assistanco. rho wise mouZad foreseen the catastrophe prfvoir. 'n FUTURK I'AST r>vill^pa.v,o„ when I have received n,y„„„e,, TI.OU wilt never have seen .,4Tte pi,.,ure. ■ He .ill ,,et ou. when he-'has provide., U,r (every M,i„„. >Vl.n,ha,,>vehaveestab.is,feTrt;naui,i,vt'-«' 1^2 '"« »•''»" yoaZal'lTa;; received a letter. reccvoir. IP- your rents? ng)- As soon as they shall have perceived the error. * apcrcevoif. (H)N'D[TIONALiM()()D. rilESENT. I lihould owe you more than my live. devoir id ('Ouldst thou conceive such obstinacy ? concevoir. He at least would not deceive our hopes. ■^-'it liccevoir. Ought we not to go (to iiis house?) devoir alter chcz tui. You (-ould not supply his wants better. pour voir a. No prayers would soften their hearts. (■movvoir. I'llETEIllT. I could not have foreseen this event. pvevoir. ^V'ouldst thou have recei/ed his homage? recevoir The master would not have perceived any thing. • _ af-ercci-oir Hen. Have we not conceived a false idea of him ? conccroir \'ou (ought to have) warned your friend. devoir averiir (prcs, in/in.) His relations would have supplied his wants— pour voir it. IMPERATIVI^: MOOJ). good prince, receive the homage of thy subjects. recevoir. ' , hat him owe you his wife and his fortune. devoir. Let US conceive better hopes for the future. ■concevoir ■ l^tvenir. Do you foresee evils, and avoid them. prfvoir (-viler. Let tliem owed you their future happiness. devoir. — 54 — SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. i>o you wish me to receive your ]eff.r= • ^ ) that you niaj conceive better whit T?' i • l^eiore he perceives the danr^er of" his ^uf^-"^'"'' ... - «/>er....oi,.- .,,f "^ °^ ^^^^ Situation. iCi Although I oasilv „„de:.,tood his motive. f«« i'«c /-f.^-cir* •' °'^ '""" ("I'y one) Aithougl. she owed you a!i her happine« ""■""""■ JSelore we perceived the eclipse it ,v,o ' («-', off) without your noticing him!" ■'■"'^• S^ i'oat they might „ot aoeXus't 'X, ^ 4/'w g*/"? .- . "^ l'^"y) lonojer. ' aecevoir, ° I^OUHTH CONJUGATION in BE. INDICA'TIVE MOOD. i '■. ^^tt^ '^'"^ ^^'-'-^^ return fro,n the TH inovi <^he country. (goest^op/n^ intofj... c^lUr „ i . , prendre. 55 He sells his hcuse to pay his debt^. i-endre pour payer. >Ve spread the linen in the garden. ' ftendrer We hear the voice of the God of our fathers. entendre. They (pour down) favours upon the people. repandre. • IMPEBFECT. I did condescend to her just de.^ires. condescetidre. Thou didst la,y a snart; for the poor man. tendrc pV-ge, m.. a ihd the sun melt the lead upon the roof? foiidre. This hen did lay some very tine eogs. ' pondre. ' We were paying our duties to the ladies. rendre. Did you not melt in tears, upon hearing hi« speech '? Jondreeti ' en entendre. Jhese young men did not answer to our expectation. 9^'^'^ repondre a. rUETERIT DEirN'lTE. I confounded the pride of the insolent. _ CO nf and re. Didst thou shear thy flock and sell the wool ? tondrc vendre. The wise author new-moulded his work. refondrc. We corresponded to your sincere affection. corr spondre a. Vou lost your time and your labour with her . f'''^''' , peine. A great number offish did bite at the hook. mordre «. ' — 56 *>- I n •■ii "'U':i! ™^ '^'^^ '- "J d-r country. • Thou Shalt cleave some of these largo free» The uupamal judge „ill hear all the witnesses '^'■''"--tr^-'i't^eh.eal.ness. ' Vou shall ,„ out) ,.ur hands i„va,-„. ,'Si I'UETJJHIT INDEFINITE. • '""S.^^'^^j-'^g'"' of the people. Hnst thou not sold the land of thy fathers? Has he rett^ned the tuoney which you lent hi™. We have long (,™ited for, you in vain:''""' ' '&"* '" ">' »g„merifs. They have'S"nff\ .i ''""omemenf, m. .iM''"'^<"=''"»" »*■""="• plans. When I had answered „,yage„,.,,e„er_ H hen thouhadst (spread abroad) the tatal news ^ ihe hen had no sooner laid an egg- When ,ve had shorn alfthtlheep- Scarcely h„d you (|,„„g „p) ^^^ ^^^^_ When the archers had mVbent their bows- ■ 57 rLUPERFECT. I had forbidden you to open this book. . ■ difendrc dc ouvrir. Thou hadst heard thy father's orders. entendre. If* it had depended upon me alone — ilfpcndrc de. We had already lowered the best part of the roof. descendre. You had mistaken one thing for another. ' conj'ondrc. They had not lost all their property during tlie war. l-'rrdrc. "" FUTURE PAST. When I shall have wrung all the linen — tordre. Thou wilt have lost the best part of thy crop. pcrdre. As soon as he will have taken the bait — mordre a hame^on. When we nhall have beaten the enemy. Saitre. When you shall have cleft this oak in twain- pourfendrc. They will not have sold the whole yet. vendre encore. CONDITIONAL MOOD. PRESENT. I would not take one hundred dollars (for it.) prendre en Tliou couldst not understand his bad English. comprendre. Vvniilil \\a Qpc\v<5v -fn" i'l" ».«.^1. «...'" 1 A (> rtpondre de. We should melt in tears on hearing him preach. fo'idre I enicntre prfcher.' — 5S — You would lose all your credit and your influence. perdri'. ■Sliould they not desc^'ul I'rom the same ancestors — descenirc. PllKTERlT. 1 would not have {held out) my hand tn ^n'-h a man. Imdrp. '^Vouldst thou have answered a letter of that sort ? repoiidre. That stone would have broken his skull. (/»!) fend re le crane. AVe would not have 'W'aited (ior you) any longer. aiMndre voun plus. 'VVonld jou not have done him the same service ? rendre. The Russians would certainly have lost the battle. ltusi^c,j/i. pel Ire. IMPKRATIVE iAIOOT). Do thou defend thy country and thy children. di'feadre. Let God Almighty confound his enemies. t:on/ondre. * Let us not expect any" thing good fror^ such a man. attendre rie. h.. Soldiers I rush ye upou the barbarians. fondre. Let them soil all their goolj on reasonable term?, vend re. SUBJUNOTIYF MOOD. J>RESENT Though I may render him a goou oflivc — rendre. Although thou mayst pretend to jest. pn-tendre badincr. but good books- provided lie sells none rendre near,) so that we may hear better. (jiie. i'r approcher Though , Before th Deforc I For i'ear JJe cruim Althougl In case ^ En CMS q Why die FaUait-i Althouo: Althouf Withou Sans qit Betore .ilthou Wheth Que Until 1 I (wei i > c ibr' Altho entendre. — 59 — Thoucriv you may ^a'"- J descend from an ancient family.— descendrc. , Before they distribute money among the peop.^. rfpandrc- Jieforc I answered his endless questions— For leat thou shouldst lay a snare (for Ivim.) iuCCtllo nob-rvSU .ho foaming wavo._ In ca«e w»' might lose that goo'^ pportunity— mrdiS';ouspj::^';-our wicked maxims? Fallait-i que ripandrc. ^^„„f nf tVipm^elves — Although they gave a good account ot them^eiws rendrc- PRETERIT. Mthcv--h 1 have forbidden you to prattle— Without tV hav tig heard a syllable (oi it)— Srthesmn ^^s (^^n up) the gst. , rendrc ""'•/.■, . i Although we did not (wait till) the end ot h,. speech. " attendre. Whether you did answer h.x, or no lentil thev have hanged all ^^ pirates- Ja^qu'a re qne V "rw- ,l,,oa' old father. 's?S '^'^ '''''''''' ^^ '^^ ^^^^" '-^"d civil. The dog, at last, overtakes the tired hare. UT rv J. . Uelndre. ^ ''tr^ ''^' ^^^^ clothes Jc) go to church. V'ou contrain your masters to bif tevere coniraindre -^ The tyrants extinguish their rage in blood. I I'tcindrc M IMPERFECT. I. olid enjohi them to follow my steps cnjoindrc Icur de. ^ f • Ihou didst feign to be sick andpoor. feindrc. * »he did join her prayers to mine joiadre. >Vas he not breaking the laws of society ? We did pity his miserable fate. plaindre You did- represent youv condition to the K'mcr dcimndrc. ' o« -Uid they not dye this cloth in red ? ieind.re en. I - (U — VRETEUIT DEFINITE. 1 encircled with tlowcvs the conqueror's head. Thou'didst not attain tlie end of thy auilitiou. aUeindre hul, m- > Bid he not oblige me to carryv that letter f contraindre. , • i i. We compelled them to do their duty. astreindre. , .y Did you enjoin him to scale the renipart ! cnjoindre lid. They put out all the fires but one. Heindn excepU. rUTURE. Shall I (take out) all these old books?. avcindt'C. , • Thou shall pretend some important business. , fcindre. Will he rejoin the rest of the army : rcjoindre. . We shall restrain your curiosity. rcstreindre. l ^^cj Will you not pity my manifold misfortunes r plaindre. a'*.:^,^ My letters will describe to you my sad condition dUpeindre. rRETERIT INDEFINITE. I have pretended to be deaf and dumb. Thou hasTsurrounded thy park with a hedge. ceindre. My master has ordered me to call you. cnjoindre ppclcr. We have re-painted the whoie house. Bid you not fear the voice ot your conscience .' craindrc. They have dyed the same cloth (again.) ' '.cindre. i. h-:- , ■m — 62 — PRETKRIT ANTEHIOB. AVhen I had reached the first rank in my class— 'itteindre. >v hen tlioii hadst compelled the thieves to run— . „ contrai7idre. ^^.Uer the Bishop had anointed the King's head. ^earceJy had we described our dreadful shipwreck- ^ di'pciiidre. When ^-ou had extinguished all the lights— * >\ Jien tlicy had overtaken the rest of the enemy— rejoindrv. 11' I'LUI'EIIFECT. As thougli I have violated all the laws of society— Ihou hadst already attained thy detestable end. ., (.rltf-ividrc iHaii has separated those whom God had joined. Had we not enjoined them not to makeTS''^'" enjoindre fuirede Jiccause.you have not even painted a new house— ,' They had not even pretended to be'sorry (for it.) feindre da f,j^^ FUTURE I'AST. When I shall have attainod my majority— W.all lie have violated in vain the laws of society'^ ,,;., I'lifrcindrc. "^ VVi^en we have described the situation of both armies- „ drpcindrc. >ou Will have compelled us to use severity. .. .' 1 , employer As soon as they have rejoined the I'cj oindre. army — ()o — CONDITIONAL MOOD. ' ' . PRESENT. I would not tear to hold «?uch language to liim. craiwlrc. Shouldst thou even not uttaui fliy end— Qmntl mcme ■ jileindre but,m. ^ ^ A bold soldier would put on the crown ot kings. ■cindre diadhnc, m- Could we not descril^^ more clearly all our wants '^ di'pein'dre. Would you pity the ta+c of a base traitor ? pi a i ad re They would never intrlngc the orders of the prince. cnfreindre. IMPEKATIY]^^ MOOD. Obiiffe thv servants to be civil and clean. Astreindre. Let him dye all these cloths in purple. tclndrc. Let us combined the useful with the agreable. }ai7idrc. Bo ye never break the laws of God or of man. e.vfrcindrc. ;(jet the wicked fear the vengeance of (rod. cruindre. SUBJUNCTIVKMOOD. I'RESiNT. 3'rovided I reach the desired end — attciadre. Althou{^h thou fearest no rcproacr. from her- nc cruindre ancun- That he may sooner join his company — Jlnjln que Joiadn'. She wishes us not to pity her sad condition. dt^sircr que ■jiltdndre. (inless you pretend to be mad and furiims — feindre. i — 04 — liefbr<3 tlie workmen paint this, gallery— peindre. * IMPERFECT. That I might persuade him to be punctual— astreindre. Unless tliou shouklst extinguish all .the lighis— ftciadre. in order thai he might reach the summit-— •^/"' '/"c atteindre. Pro^-ided we did not break the regulations— (>T\freindrc. ley spoke befbri! yoii commanded silence. iHtrler enjoind.re. I'or tear they should restrain his power— r>c rraiiilr qiiv ro>^treindre.. fir m VYAU\S\u f/77?£', OF THE SAME CONJUGATION. INDICATIVE MOOD. IMIESKXT. I conduct all my father's business. ' condulrc, Thou buildost a magnificent liouse, consifuire. He destroys all ids adversary's objections. df'tnurc. We do not introduce new fiishions. introdviie. ^'ou enjure your family by your bad conduct. nutrr a 'I'hey tranlaso Latin into French, traduirc. e,i. iMVr.RVKC'V. was taking your mother 1 omc (again) I'lco.idin'ri' rhet el/e. 65 — Thou didst not deduce all thy reasons. (Iv.duire^ \ »";is she not bukhi'^ bread for the family ? , ciure. \Ve were plastering the ceiling of the church. eniiuirc. You always repeated the same ar2;uments. reprodulre. They LLI PERFECT. Had you introdueea new regLdations ? introdnirc. He had hfibcd all the best witnesses. sednirc. l^HJTURE )'AST. When I shall have translate this ^YO^k. mi- .,, , trad aire. IhFS will not have hurt your interests. utirc a. Tv CONDITIONAL MOOD, ' PRESENT. T! ■wuid not hart my noig}d)or's reputation. •nine a »ou coul.lst not build sucii a house, ^„, const i'lf ire. -^nat {i(;;n w.>ijld discard hi> own iathei!. icoaduii-f. ' — G7 — If we had fire, we wnuld cook our victual?. ■juirc. You could not persuade her by the fairest spcochop. Your reasons would destroy one another. f-c 'UlruLc. The sjime arguments would reduce him to silence. -IMPERATIVE MOOD. Do thou not lead us into temptation. ill'? aire. Let my servant drive youV earriaga Ijome. condi'irc clicz roiis-. Let us instruct our chil'l ren, and hurt no one. inslruire nvir a. Do ye produce your titles to this property Let not my intercuts induce tiiem to do it. indiiire /«. J^UBJUNOTIVE MOOD^ I'KKSENT. My lather desires that I thouid beha,e properly. ih' hirer ac coivJnlre hitt. Ffovidod thou deduced thy reason??. Poiircu qi:v. dfdairr. That the ^wn may .«hine for all men. Jljln >iV(i J it ire Whct))er Ave injure your reputation or not. SoK (iui' itiiire it. ' Although we conduct our business honestly. Qu'ulque conduire 1 demand that you should introduce me to court. I)cmander inlrodaire. fkrore'tlio trees beor n.Lrv ti'n\[] pro J aire. JJihfiii que lNlPKKf''K!^ K'VKK! T. Before hv has deducted th(3 costs. deduire. I)o you believe that they did buikl this house? croire conshuin'. I Altli.iugh thin author had produced but one work Qi^oiqur prodnirw. before we had pla.itcroil all the walin. li'.Dif qtif enditirr. ♦ HKI'l.KCTED VKHJJS OF ALL OONJKiATlONS. INDIOATIVK iMOOD. * PilKSKN'J'. 1 walk ovory morning bcdore brcaUki^t. •v^' prom CD fir, — t>9 — Dost thou not porceive that he is mistjtkea., ■'i'aieyccvoir sr troir.pcr At the least reproach j^heluint.s away, ft'evanovir. .See how majeHtically the sun advances, foir s''avnnccr. We are but too ottcu raigtaken in our views. (nc que) sc mHjirendre. | Do you like the country? 1 do not like it. se I'laire a y, Oood boy^s repent of their faults and mend themselvea se repeniir de se corriger. They always yield to good advice. M rendre. IMPKRFKOT. I expciited better results from his management. ?fc promcUre. Didst thou not anticipate what he said? si^attendre a dire. ' , She complained ^^^.ry nmch of her daughter's conduct, .^e pldindre. He did not pity the poor man's situation. ' s' a pi foyer sur. Xerxes flattered himself that (he eouiu C':mj[uer) (Jreecc. se flatlcr d^ conqnfrir. We were not amused with liis i,n^?b.'^neries!. s'ainuser de. Did you not imagine that I would submit to it. HHraaijiner ae. soumettre y (cort'H.) The Lacedemonians boasted of \ heir past glory. sc vantcr. They did not thereby bind themselves to do it. s\ts(rehidre a le. ' i [ was not frightened by his threatening attitude. !^^effrayer ^ *•<; bait re AM.soon as we bad complained, he was silent. se pUiiadre .i V He saia that thou halst contradicted ti;vself. mi '^'"' . «tioii. ii;-ij xi , ^^ conduire. n ilJ thsy not have punished themselves ? te punir. • nf^ . OONDTTIONAL MOOD. ^ PRESICNT. I would certainly take offence at such words. s''oi}enseT tip. Wouldst thou not (come to terms) with me. x' entendre. - 73 — The knave would lang hiu elt' througli dobpai; . ' f>endre. He wnuld not he afraid of the king's presence. "i'effratjcr 4e. We would dho'>r ourPek< s worthy oi vour esteem. fic montrer. Would you settle and fix yourselves in a wild t'ountr> . >i\'tahlir se fixer. Would 30U aggran*dize yourselves at the expense of your neighbors ? s^affrandir. Th^y would w iiider and (lose 'their way) woods.. s''ef/arer .se pcrdre. If the sua did appear, the pretty flowers Ud bloom. .''P montrer (imp. ind.) s'epanouir. PRETEillT. • - 1 would have amused myself in igling, s''a7n,'iser a (pres. inf.) Wouldst not thou have yielded to her prayers ? se rendrv. My horse would have fallen, but lie leaped and took to s'l'batire a'elancer *<• invUrf a swimming. nager My lather wou^d not have intervened in that business. s^eniremeltre. dc She would have been delighted at my ;- f^cidcnt. se itjQuir '■'. We would have ventured to attack ' le tiger. s'enhardir a. Were you not mistaken in your tjieulationsV se tromper. They would lever have discovered the trick. s^apercevoir de Would they not have impoverished themselves ? s'appauvrir. rMPEKATIVe. Repent of thy past conduct and amend thyself. aV« reptntir de se corriger. . i ■,\ w. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) :/j 1.0 I.I |50 ""'^= S 1^ iio iiii 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 « 6" ► m- 'W ^l % 0% ^ l> * .^' '^,0^' .^ %. "^ ^■^ Photographic Sciences Corporation # iV ^> V \\ tv ^1? Ci^ ^^^ 23 WEST MAI> STRKT WEBSTEK,N.> 14580 (716) 872-4503 '■m ^ ll i m 74 Inquire into the htate of affairs, and act accorilhigiy,. S'l/i/cr-'nir ile sc diriycr. Lot hiui not mistiiko our intentions. se meprendre sur. Let her make ha&te and let her ,set to work . sc hdtei se lacttre. Lei us defend ourselves to the last extremity. ■St defend)- e Jusqu'ii. Let us not imagine that he will ever re[)ent. s'imayi/ur. se rcpenlir. (atibj. ) Do ye bear in mind the glory of your ancestors. fic souvenir do. Do you go away, and never show yourself liore again. s'c/i allcr sc montrer. Let them go, and let tliem perceive their errors. s'c/i aller >,'apercevoir dc. HIIBJUNCTIVEMOOD. , PllESENT. That I may get used to these habits and customs. s^uccovtutncr The better (to) harden thyself against danger. ajin qifr. s^eodurcir. (If) she (grows) but a little weaker. , your 110 >i. qua a'ujfaibli)- (ntne plua. luir tear he siiould grow proud of success. s'cnoryueiUir. ' Provided he free himself from this odious yoke. Pour I'M qnv s'alfranchir dc. lentil we recover from our former defeats. ' se re fc tier de. Whether you discover the fraud or not, qxu s'-ipercfiA-oir In order that you should not be moved at this sight. .Ifm que ^ ^ K\'mouvoir. Do you think they vyiil 3xpose themselves to such reproacli. penser (que) ' .^^'ex/oscr. IMI'liRFKCT. Should you wish me to ))ecome angry with 's'lii. von'oir (rn,).) se fucher/ .... i.i — AltliougU tliou — • Althoag!, I had not inquired after jour health 11,.-: , ^' IV former de. UjiIh she wa.s reconciled with her father. Nr reconcilier. He went, out without having shaved him.seif liefore we hud got rid ,.f the difficulty. A th„,jgl, we had rested ourselves several time. Before you Iiad reduced yourselvQ? to .sUiverj. T y , . . ^^e rfdmre. ^-Sv;''"' >■»" ^«»''' '""0 ^o'-'itted to It. I di,J „„, W ,.,at t.,,v had revolted agS M.u. ^" '*^"*'' se revulter. VKKB,S .NEOTKR, CONJ UG ATKD WITH KTHE. tle some: lav. uccoticher. FUTURE PAST. Shut all the, doors as soon as I am gone. par til. * This Vtivb is to be put in the prderil defmilf. I Ij — 7^ — Vou .shall have my fortune when I am dead. ^Vhcn you sIuMi have returned, we sSf^eak of it. . .Im,l ho l,avo grown rich, only to beoorao proud ? ' •■^'■^y sLall we Lave stayed one day at hia house V --i Tester „;,.. . . Vo. wul no sooner bo gone than ho will arrh4: CONDITIONAL MOOD. PKETERIT. 1 woali not liave gone out, had I known Ihi,. ' y^m^oM thou have eo.ue with us to the lake'/ H .thorn you, the child w^ould not have died! and we ^^ouJd not have fallen into such nw'" 1.- , , tomber. >^ '►nid y..u have entered into the conspiracy? rh.y wou^i cei'tainly not have passed this w.y. pusst'7- par ici. SlIJUUNCTIVE AfOOD. PRliTEHlT. Although I did not arrive at niy end. I r 1 , parvenir a i,,,t l^nles. thou didst not set out in time. rHw..c:.tain that he has i;;t „|1 |,i ,,;^i, * nrchoir (fe. ° ' . — 7i) — Bo you think that we agreed to such terms 7 CO live air «'c. How is it that j-ou fell from your horse ? yefuirc tombcr. 1 do not believe that they were l)orn iu this eountrj' naitrc. Previtled they did not fall into the enemy's liands. * iomluT enfrc. PLUPEUFKCr. A/,hoagh I had never entered into his views, enfrcr, Eefore thou wcrt born, F was ,i:;one to Join the army naitre (tiler rojoindre. In Cii5C he should have returned before you. K'i ■;«« que reveuir i^nlil we had succeeded in appeasing him. rarvenir a (pres. inf.) Two days had passed without your having returned passer s'ln? '^ic recenir- AJihoagh they had even come down to prayer?. dcsceiulrc. They gathered the flowers before they were blown. tc'ort. IRREGULAR VEKBS of all Four Conjiigatio«o., :-<*>-*«•- INDICATIVE AIOOD. I go into tHe country, and thou goest home. n/!fr. Thou aendcst thy servant to market. fiivoyrr. If T ac<(uire riches, T will use them honestly. M^qiiCrir ■- oiiy'oycr. 1 I'ratc that woman, and she knows it well. lair sai'oir. I do mi acknowledge v.hat you say. 'O.ivcnir de dire. — so - I This hoy acquires knouletlgo every ^i\y '' Xi .00!! as the judge goes out, I sit down. Wo'Xm wntor whilst you drink wine.''""'"'' '"'■"■'' '"• tioirc. We do not kwm why they wiish tc depart. ndL'oir vouloir ffyou do not know your lesson, t detain you. W'heuevor tKe boys' eon.e, they make a great noise. r. . , ^'^'^i^ faire. It 18 better to be virtiRnm than" rich. valoir inieu.r.. T uish to leai-n my lessons, but they are too difficult Nothing movc^ on earth without' the Viii of God ■v.' mouvoir. Vou contradict what you say, a moment after. 'lyinlrcdirc ,iiy^ Vou conti.mally (tell) the san.e thing(over a«rain ) Tliese poor children do all thev can fp. , ,, Jitire inuvoir. Ihey now hold quite a diflorent lan^ua^e. tenir. * '~ >V'hcu thou sittest down, thou movest tiie table .„, , >i\um)ir mouvoir. Ihcy know notlung, and grow very impertinent ..... ^'"/•'^'■'' dcccnir. V\ hen the water boils, the lobsters die. . boiiillir. .u^„,-,-,. the flowers which I gather have rfine 'smell. ,. cuei'lir avoir. I>u you never (speak ill) ofyour neighbors ? m^'dirc. Our sohUcrs acquire mucJi tame It (his war. (iciiuerir, ^ w > i re It. >rlir en. ?e. alt. _ SI — IMFKKFKCT. I had a sincere affection Ibi that youn<^ luan. ivoit . I>idst tluju not kcow that he was blind. savoir Hrc. Thou saidst that thou rr savoir. I knew that he was violating no la^v. savoir citf>rii,th\': We founded our opinion upon an old decree. appvypr. Vou lauirhcd whilst we were reading. me tire. We thought that you were sending him to Paris. crolre emoyer. It is likely that she did not know your reasons. savoir. Why did you run away ? were you frightened ? s'enfvir. avoir pcur. I did not know tlnit you were writing. \ savoir Kcri*onie good rcason.s not to beleive it. avoir. ?'»'^»* croire. I ].»BKTr.niT INDtFINlTI'. 1 a<;quired little fame, an:iir>fcoiy. ' 1 a,s«uve yon that we saw nothing of it. f V I' uxor. K AND < OMU-rrOXAL. I will go (and) tec v(hiv unele as soon as he conie.-^. alley Tiiou Shalt (send fjar) me, a,nd 1 will come, W hen wilt nion gather flower,< for my sisters '.' ,^ , rveUHr. V on f.iiall have licr ibrtunc when she dies. v\ III It be na-c.<=«ary to call ycu several times ? ' ^„. . fal'oir. oppelcr. Hhs young n.fui will never (be worth) mu.h. You ^hall j^ec 'iihat T will do wh^ he come?. / -- 8S - The rain will dotaiii the courier several days. retenir. He will never be able to do this task. poiivoir /aire. Would it not be better not to say any thinw ? valoir mieux dire rien. This fiao house will fall to (his) lot. • fchoir en (lui) partat/e. (f he had more sense, he might become rich. devenir. iiiven if I could, I would not do it. Quand meme pouvoir /'aire. Wc would sit down, if we had chairs. s'asseoir. I will not always run after you ; it Avould be madnesil. courir (.tre folie. When I am a rich man, I will remember you. ff''"- se souvinir de. Tliey made a wager who could run fastest. faire a qui courir. This green coat will never suit you. seoir. It would not become me to lentreat her. ■ semr '^ supplier. IxMPEIlATlVK MOOD. (See in the Grammar,ob.«ervations upQii the verbs alter et s'en a/'er. Sead thy brother to me as soon as possible. Snvoyer. Go (and)^ tell thy master th^t thou knowest thy lesson. Alter saroir. Let him know that I will never (see) him again. savoir revoir. Be thou a good child, and we will love thee. £^ire ' aimer. Go (and)' cany sqme of it to this poor old man. Alkr porter {inji 71.) en. Know ye that I am the Lord your God, Sai'oir. Let thcni not know what ypur design is. savoir quil • ♦ And is iiot expressed in Freach. 'm 84 — n . ' Go (and)* aocompany thy sister tliither. *^llei- accompnijncf. Have tliou the goodness to speak to him. Avoir. Let him go to that assembly, if he chooses. Mcr vouloir. Let tlic tyrant die by tlie hand of a slave. mourir. Let us know (how)t to moderate ourselves in victory. sctL-oi)-. se moilt're.r. Have ye the .courage to meet the enemy. Avoir " ,]c allc.r au decant de. % m SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PKESENT. Must I go (and)* expose myself to death. FaUloir que uller s'erposcr I wish you to acquire some kiiowlcdiie of the world. couhir acqutrir. Jjct US prepare ourselves before she comes. sp..t>rep'e^oud,e. Had not the judge acquitted him of that crime ? Ti. . , . (tbsoudre. It was said that we had hpafnn tu. On dire -^^.^ ^^^^^^^ '''^^!"1'' '""^^'^ *^«* ^^"^^"''i "Ot pass. I'ouvoir. He ~ 87 — If you had wished it, you might have seen me, couloir pouvolr voir. If she had believed what I had told hei... croire dire. Had we known that you had taken the tow^n... savoij i>rendre. It is true that you had not convinced her. coiivnincre. (I had been silent) all the time and he had laughed. ^e taire rire. When she saw that she had been mistaken. ''o//" sc meprendn: He asked me whether you had ground all the corn, ■ivifiandcr - moudre. Tliey had not yet collected all their rents. percevoir. I thought they had acquitted all the prisonners. croire absoudrc. The woman had unsewed all the best carpets. dtcoudre. I will depart as soon as I have received my monc}-. rcccvoir, (fui. p.) When thou hast read and written, thou shalt breakfast. ^i>'e ' ecrire dejeune . Me will have discovered the plot, (and will have kept silence.) deco'tvrir je taire. She will not have been able to pursuade her mother. pouvoir. Shall we have suflPorcd so many hardships, and shall our s-'Oiiffrir soldier::; have died ibr so bad a cause ? i:iourir. Yoa will no sooner have acquitted him, than... (if'soudrc. When you f^hall have dyed those clothes red. Uiiidre. After she has sewed five yards, .she may go. couilrc pouvoir sV/j aller. I shall not have sutiercd Sv4v;h evils in vain. F^oiiff'rir. I would n<>t'have come so far, had it not been for you. * iC'ir ,?f cc. I Hhould have wishod to oblige your con«!n. i.-ou':'ir. 88 Couklst thou not have assisted this poor man ? Pouvoir aider. It would have been necessary, to dissolve the army. f UPON VEilBS 1MP1CK80NAL. Verbs are called ini2)Qrsomi or unlpersonal that are c-oi!- jugated or employed in the ik/rd person singular only, sueli ^ vsU pleutytlfautM' \ but let it be observed that in French' some ver-hfi personal are often used impersonally,&uch as : U arrive, il revient, il tomhe ; while on the other hand a verb naturally impersonal may occasionally be employed in a personal form as in this plu'ase : Les favours y/cnvent <\\v. cet homme. It has rained Ibr the (the la^^t) twenty days. ".' fivvoiv f»>ret,^ dfjiuis. There are men whom we must not oJiend. !/ avoir fa'lof. — 00 You should not have gone away' so soon. ■ falloir ■ s'en aller*. We ought not to go out when it snows and freezes. fallou nei