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Jyf-' ! • 2 • 'h • * * •* • 3 • f 1 2 V 3 f 1 i ■ 4 5 6 / ! .Lài^i^^^Mfil^l^ a- ."V ^ STRANGER THAN FICTION. • S' t Bt THE REV. J. J. HALCOMBE, M. A. ■BCTOR OF BALSHAll, LINTON, CAMBKIDCBSHIRB. ELEVENTH THOVSAND. • < I T i^ublisget VLXCOtt % lirectiolt iof tl^e ITract ^CmadOtt, \ \ LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PRÔMOTING CHRISTIAN KNQWijEDGE; SOLD AT THE DEPOSITORIES : \ NO RTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS;* 4, ROTAI. BXCHANGB; AND 48. PICCADILLY. P ■»i I .fiitVb^* i*- K il 1.4 1 Wi. 3* .'m!)Mù.:^:^: ! ■ \' '^ OLaWnDON PBESS, OXPOfik fOB IM 800^■TI^roB PBOMOTIKO OHBISTlAynroWLKDOI. 7> A^ — r*" — ■»- v>., 3 X n' ./'' .^; .1 ■/ I > N CONTENTS. I.— A Vknture of Faith , , . r , , i II. — DiFFICULTIKS ReALIZED 13 III.— Work Commenced 22 IVi— A Crisis . . 24 ,, V. — Progress ^g ,VI.— A VisiT TO Victoria . . . , , , y© VlL— Building up . . . . ,„ , ^ , . ga V|II.— Metlahkatlah ^ IX.— A Time of Trial . . , . . . ,108 X.— Brighter Days . iiy XI.— The Indian Fishing-StatioU . . • • 135 —y^^^.^ XII.— An In*gathbrino . . . . . , .14^ XIII. — Paul Legaic i5y XIV.— Three Years' Work ...... 179 XV.— Law and Police 205 XVI.— Gala Days . aai XVII.— Social Progress 333 XVIII.— Conclusion 245 e rt * I f \' s?& dup PLBMBNT ary uhapter • • . • . aS7 ■K ' \ ''■ \ ' - . . > ""'"^7:;"^"' «» •*-. / / .* - , / ! 1 . « '. :L ■:;.. iMài lk< .^'^ l 1 15\I ' \ L'cite-'*.''!^' i à;*.- . >^i ^ \ CHAPT^R I. A VENTURE OF FAITH. I was the scène frW Which ne r sfaH-;«^ ' wnicn, as from a starting-point, co^imences a séries of c^wd, au appa.e„tly L^ZjTtH. ^t' "«*>» for «orne ttaeTSSr?,?'"' «nd J» to theRw. t wrtoii.|»mù. '™°° "^ «Upplyiiig infomution on B /\' \ ■ I i|iiiiiiJLiJUiMni|ipif|Np a «denture of jf'aitff. closes m and hides from view the hideous orgies which follow; then again it opens, and forth again corne the naked leaders, each bearing-but how describe the climax of the sickening «ght ? Suffice it to say that. each, in présence of the assembled multitude, duly vindicates his claim to the envied title.of cannibal, and, with it, to the highest rank amongst the various grades of flesh eaters. Standing: on the "gallery" of one of the bastions onthe neighbouring fort, in full view of the whole f ene, is onewhose heart might well hâve fainted ^^ithmhim at the sight he has Witnessed He is a Missionary schoolmaster and catechist-Mr William Duncan, a nàme now familiar as a house* |bld Word to philantWsts and travellers through- jut the civilized worlJTHe has just landed from England, and in the painted savages before him he sees his future pupils ând catechumens With what feelings does he regard that scène? The bnght hopes and sanguine anticipations which lured h»,m from home, and friends, and countiy-, will they survive the rude shock of this first conUct ^ jmthé^ctual worlc-te-^^one f The visiônTë!^ docle sçhoUrs, earàest CQnverts, and devout wor- shippers hgstening to the newly-built house of God M ^"•' .îi " ' ♦*' (■>. dtrangeï t|)an dTûtîon. . which had been the subject of his waking thoughts jand ilightly dréams — ^will they not now i^eem' to him as having been but the fantastic cotobinations of a mère mental mirage, to which distance and a too sanguine tempérament had alone lent the enchantment of realitj^.^ Happily, in Mr. Duncan's case, a sanguine te'm- peïàment was only a. synonym for that unbounded faith in a great cause whfch rnust ever be a main chàracteristic of the succçssful pioneer in new fields of enterprise, and which alone can give to such a tempérament the buoyancy and self- righting power requisite to make it proof alike against the depressing influences of unlooked-for difïiculties, and the rude shock of adverse circuit- stances. Thus it,Iiappenéd that the very'hatefui- ness of the abominatiôhs which, as we hâve seen, stood suddenl;^? revealed to his view, seemed only to make him feel more deeply than çver the urgent need of sonàe determined effort beS^g made to " snatch the prey," as he expressés It, "froiii the iion's mouth, and to arrest, in the |iame of God, poor self-destroying créatures." *■'./] The circumstances under which Mr. Duncan.l^ad -txjmfe out to Fort Simpson may be told in a ijsw >yords. "* A nayal officer, Captain Prévost, stron^ly '' J a VtntUtt ot dTait]^. impressed with the neces^y of making some effort* • K^^"^^^ ïndiahs of Vancouver>.Island/and BrîtisrColumbia,Jrom the demoranzing effect of the constantly increasing " tide of emigratiorv had presented a formai pétition on the subject to the Ch'urch Missionary Society. The publication of this document had immediatelyproduced an ano- nymouscontribution of 500^. towards the proposed object, and Mr. William Dtîncan, "dien ône of the Society's students at Highbury Training Collège, was selected- to fill the newly^reated post. ^ Through the influence of Captain Prévost, who had just been appointed io tlje Pacific §tation, Mr. Djancan at once obtained.a free passage to his destinatio;y, wjiilst, by the kindness of Sir James Douglas, formerly the Director of ail the Hudson's Bay Company's forts, and thaï Govemor of British Çolumbia, he was met, on his arrivai, with the promise of accommodation in the fort, and ail the moral support which>local authorit)? cbuld give ' him. » Like most of the stations of the Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Simpson consists merely of a few dwèHmgs andwareh /uses, giving suflîcient acco mm» ' ^tetîon fôr sôûie bverity erSpfoyC anTthJ^ usual tradmg stores, workshops» &c. The whole is built 'l *.-"-'>r ■-■■ ^y •>\- étranger t|>«i J^tton. in a square of about a hundred yards, enclosed by a palisade of trunks of trees sunk into ^he ground, risin^ some twenty feet above it, ând protected at tHfe corners by a wooden bastion, mounted with cannon ; whilst along the top of the palisade, runs a galler>r, or platform, on which the garrison can take exercise, and from which they can see à considérable distance over the country. t - ^ The Indian Camp consisted of some 250 sub- stantially-built wooden houses, stretching in single file along the beach on either side of the fort ; many of them, especially those of the chiefs, being bf considérable size. The population numbered some 25000 belonging to the Tsimsheean tribe, and divided into nine subordinate tribes or crests. As fréquent Référence to thèse crests will hâve to be made in the course of our narrative, we may as well at once give some description of them. Each crest is ruled over by four or five chiefs, one of whom takes precedence of ail the others on ordinary occasions, and represents the crest in any gênerai g^thering. Amongst the représentative chiefs one agaîn îs àlways recoghized as "the dhîefof chiefs." A chiefs rank is marked by the height of the pôle / k«= 'i-' lii T a Wtntntt of dfaitff. 7 erected in front of his house, on which the crest which dîstinguishes his division of the tribe is carved. No offence leads ta more' fréquent quarrels than the attempt on the part of a chief to putap a, pôle hi^her than his ra© warrants. Even the" least powerful chief who has been insulted by an inferior in rank out-topping. his pôle, will find any number of allies to take up his cause and compel the offender, either literally or figuratively, to "eut his stick*." The animais most commonly selected as a crest are the porpoise, the eagle, the wolf, and the frog. The social relations of the people are in ' many ways regulateé by this curious method of classification. Thus, e.g., members of the same crest may not internïarry. A whale may marry a frog, but the union of two wjiales or two frogs would probably be entirely without précèdent in the annals of any tribe. At the time of Mr. Duncan's arrivai in October, 1857, what might hç termed, par excellence, thé Indian season, was just setting in. Then it is that the " medicine mysteries," with ail the abomina- « Whence the expression which in England defines a man u heard an old antiquarian assert, it dated back to the time when the first. If not the only, préparation of the pîlgrim about to start on hi. baveU waa to go into a neighbouring wood, jmd eut his itaffi ■: «1 pMi^ï^iiuvrf ,s .^i:;,i . ^ 'Jt:* 3«5StBi r étranger t^an dfiction. , tions which they g,Ve rise to, are in full force Then the chiefs vie with each other which shall impoverish himself the most by the magnificence of his liberality to ail around him. Then is the time for feasting, and house-building : then, with cérémonies as various as they are loathsomé, the young of the several tribes are admitted into the mysterious craft called by the Indian "allied "— by the European " medicine work." Then, too, is the time for theatrical displays, when the medicine men nightly exhibit their skill, or brutality, or supposed supernatural powers. No sooner is the winter session of the medicine- men come to an end-for with them almost every thmg that goes on is in some way connected- than the camp is deserted. Ail then flock off to the nvers, to lay up a stock of fish for the coming year. The fishing over, the women and children return to their homes, whilst a large pro- portion of the men go off on various trading expéditions, often taking them to posts several hundred miles distant. Under thèse circumstances, Mr. Duncan could not probably hâve chosen a better time of the year 3t which tareach his posfe Arriving^in^bberTfië- would hâve an opportunity of seeing onc seasoi, II *. ♦ aMfe*f,'-'-f,i4ï'' 'IPw^Pl^^^, a î^tnture of dTai't]^. through, whilst, frorti the very necessity of the case, he was still only an outside observer of what was going on. He would thus hâve nearly a year in which to study the language, the préjudices^ and character of the people before he came into actual collision with this cherished medicine superstition, and the various deeply-rooted préjudices and vested interests connected with it. To the study of " Tsimsheean," thereforé, Mr. Duncan at once devoted himself. With the assist- ance of an Indian, named Clah, who hàd for some years acted as interpréter at the fort, he first went through an English Dictionary, and taking some 1500 of the most essential words, soon obtained the Tsimsheean équivalents for them. He neit, by various contrivances, succeeded in getting some iioo short sentences written down. Having thus a fair vôcabulary and a number of examples of the construction of the language, he was not long be- fore he began to make good progress. Happily, his Indian tutor threw himself into his novel task with the greatest enthusiasm. Even when the unaccustomed strain told upon him, as it often did, -and thQugkfroffltiine^to^me h e would ^ '^^omplai n of - his head," he would not be persuaded to relax his efforts. The pride which he took in his" pupil was I '\'. Pi ^' , / lO dtranQtr tifan dTûtton. ^videntÀ As he went about the " camp," he would stop agatn and again and hold forth to the knot of Indians who would gather round him, ail curious to know when the chîef who had come so fair to t^ach them would be àblé to talk to them in their own language. At tîmes some of the more curious would pqielrate, on one pretext and another, into the rootn \Jti(^e'Mr. Duncan was at work. On such occasions, *a little crowd would gradually collect, ail of whom would enter, with the greatest eager- ness, into the work of " finding équivalents," exult- ing, with an almost childish delight, at each new discovery. / • At the saille time Mr. Duncan lost no oppor- tunity of trying to establish friendly relations with the natives. As it happened that early in January the snow and intense cold kept iliost of the people indoors, hé would often take Clah as his inter- préter, and go and pay a round of visits. Now and then he w6uld be told that he might not enter a par- ticular hduse, as the mediciné work was going on, but genei"ally he was very well received. The sight on enterîng an hoùse, of a crowd of half-naked and painted gavages, was at first a little apt to put hiift but of tountenance ; but the réception he met with was sijch as to make him very quickly feel mjuch il, 'j».^ ■dit AH 'îi^W^.i-t^tl' tit L iir/!,Và*a .L.; U f <»■; * ©entttw of iTaitîi. II more at ease. On entering, he would be saluted by the leading personages with " Clah, how yah ! Clah, how yah!" the complimentàry expression of welcome, in the trading jargon. When «tWs had been repeated several times, a gênerai movement and squatting would ensue; then a br^thless silence, during which the visitor was of course the observed of ail observers. After a while "sçveral would begin nodding and smiling, at the same time reiterating, in a lowtone, "Ahm, ahm ah ket, ahm shimauyet," " Good, good^ person, good chief." In some houses they would insist on his taking the chief place by the fire, where they would place a box with a mat upon it for a seat. The intercourse thus carried on was necessarily very limited. The gênerai impression which it left upon Mr. Duncan's mind was, that amongst the great mass of the peoplè, degraded as they were, there was not only an anxious wish for instruction but a strong feeling that the white people were in possession of some grand secret about etemal " thmgs which, even if it involved the overthrow of their most cherished superstitions, they were stiU mtense l y a nxi oua^taja iow^ .- -A.^- Such were the few encouraging circumstances, of which Mr. Duncan did not fail to make The most. A... ^ 12 ôtranfler tirait dFtctton. but whieh, according to any mère human estimate, would hâve made but a poor set.o|r against the difficulties and discowragements which beset him on ail sides. ■ •* M k^ îi En' i^''' aêrfiti'.¥:rr ...'*.L...i.,l -14^ Éife'ë>^'. .Hi._L !W^»% -.î^^ ^ "V.*A'-.k V"^>A.*t^* '-âl-f» 1^. . u ^ î ,^Jf- %. .4^ - ^ "î ^ % . -^ f 1 ■ «v ' • - r" / / %J ■. % . 1 é «. »' - 'MSâ^^^-^:-;--: >: V.--;lii-ç!. . ,• •' \ '.'., . " ,- .;,.. . / ■,-vj ^ %■- i ■*-?^ ■■ i - p f _>7^ fe/- » 1 r' r &?- 1 ; i i«- : ï^ 1'/- ■ ^■w m ri;\:T 4' 1 1 «■ ^ ■ r'. 'C^ ^ -■ ' ^ W~ *• ,• '■• '\\. MURDER OF QUEliN CHARLOTTE lâLANDER. y Tù fact p. 13. V CHAPTER IL \ DIFFICÛLTIES REALIZED. \ HILST engaged in the study of the language, Mr. Duncan hàd ample opportunity of observing the state of wild lawlessness and, recklessness of human life which characterized the people with whom he had cast in his lot. A single incident i^^iil serve to illystrate the kind of scènes which were contfnually recurring with more nd officer, who had only gone out a few minutes before, came riirining back to say that an Indian had just been murdered outside the gâtes On going to the gallery, they saw a group of Indians with muskets in their hands, surround- ^ing^^lan who waslev^^^ suddenlv fiirr. ^4.1 1 , . "^ » wounded man on the spct Th^ „urderer proved m I / f>mm- ^t\ ^>,i!U I. " 14 étranger tl^an dPictfûn. to be the head chiéf (one who will occupy a very prominent place in our future narrative), Legaic by name, who, being irritated by some other chiefs,, had vented his rage on the first stranger that came in his way, and, after shooting him, had ordered two of his men to finish the horrible deed. His victim was à Queen Charlotte Islander, who had been working at the fort. In order to ex- tenuate his crime, Legajc gave out that one of the same tribe had killed a brother of his many years aga But the ma|^coiild not end hère. The cl^ef under whose^'care the murdered man was livmg, would be bound to revenge his death in order to maintain his dignity, choosing as a victim any one belonging to the same people ias the mur- dered man, who might be living under the protec- tion of the murderer. Thus would one fotil deed continually beget others in a never-énding ^succes- ^.^ut morediscour^ng èVen thanjiSHHHof continuai strife and bloodshed, was^^^^fest strength of the forces of superstition, and the ex- tent to which they were evidently intertwined with ^wjiole tribal life of the people. fedicirte meir proved to BFa distinct cTàsT I ""g q^t-onç-tenth .of the whole popula- ■(,<*^i] / Bii&cnltiti S&ealtV». «S pi, and possessing unbounded influence. Through- out the winter months, the ^nitiajtihg and admitting • fresh pupils intcrtheir art^ was the main source of occupation and excitement to the whble popula- tion, a separate party b^ing.told off to take iniiaiid each pupil. -AU thèse parties fell under one of three gênerai divisipii»: first, cannibals ; second, dog- eaters; and, tbird, those who had no custom of • the kind. At the same time e^ch had some cha- racteristics peculiar to itself. During the winter months there were comnaonly as many as eight or ten parties ^t work. ' - The proceedings in every case partook more or less of the same^eneral character. Early in the • morning the pupil, who, in spite of the intense cold^ was prohibited from wearing the slightest vestige of clothing, would go out on to the bçacfi^r the rocks and there takfe up his station in front of the dwellings of his own tribe, and then begin scream- ing and jerking his head about until a body of men rushed down, and, forming a circle round him, com- menced a wild song. If the party belonged to the dog-eaters they would then bring a dead dbg to their pupil, who wou ld fdrthwiflicommf.ncetearing L it m"li^most dog-like manner, whilst the atten- dants, accompanied ail the time by a screeching *% r^ T. f :iC w ^x i6 dtranset t|)an dFtctûin. instrument supposed to be the abode of a spirit, kept up a hideous noise, alternating between a low growlihg and a loud whoop. In a little time the naked youth would again start up, and assuming a crouching posture, pushing his arms out behind him, and côntinually tossing back his flowing black hair, would proceed a few yards, Meanwhile he is intently watthed by the group about him, and whenever he pleases to sit down, they again sur- round him, and commence singing ; after this has gone oh for some time, the youth suddenly dashes off, and, followed by his train, makes a dart into every house belonging to his tribe in succession. This over, he usually takes a ramble on the tops of the saijne houses, carefully watched ail the time by his attendants. By-and-by he condescends to come down, and niakes off to his den, which is distinguished and kept sacred from intrusion by a rope of red bark hung Over the doorway, and into which none are alloWed to enter but the initiated ; those outside being only able to guess at what is going on by the alternate hammering, singing, and shouting, which for some time is kept up almost incessantly. Of ail thèse parties, the cannibaîs are by far the most dreaded. One morning Mr. Duncan, înduced .M^.ifL':. ,^-. • * ^ ' _t — 1 m ; î*: '■'01 .>*iiV',.- _«!P"'*" -.*■' • M ^ K^- ;, ^^, ■•'<■,: .' .>.j.Ji.i,r.-,. ,,. :- . r... .,■■ ■ ■. .k.-,j. .. 1 ' ,* \À V mmmltiti ^tali\tn. 17 b e ggary, th»& fo im a no unimpoftânt part ■ ™ benefit most by this distribution of property 'M 4i ^ by an unusual comnètion in the camp to go out <*n to the gallery of the stockade, saw hundreds rushing to the beach and taking to their canoës, as though flying for their lives. Inquiring the cause of so strange a proceeding. he was told that the cannibal's party, having feiled to find a dead body . to devour, were expected to seize upon the first Imng one they met with ; hence the precipitate night of the population. Both before and after this stage of initiation, other proceedings, to which an almostequal amount of importance is attached, take place. Before it ' the pupils hâve to pass several days alone in the woods where they are supposed to receive super- natural gifts; as, however, on their return they are supposed to >e invisible, the encouragement to évade the greater'part of the ceremony is mani- festly great. As a grand finale te the whole proceedings, the I pupil ,s expected to give away ail his property, and as no one is admitted amôngst the "allied » unless he or h,s friends hâve not only amassed considérable weal h, but are willing to reduce themselves to J Lbso lute ^'^^'^ — -»-•- ' \v '•■v^"»*'' x8 étranger t]^an Jfittioit. 11^ the practice has an évident tendency to enlist the interest ©f ail the mQst powerful men of the tribe in favour of the existing State of things. 'The first occasion on which Mr. Duncan wit- nessed this ceremony was one Sunday morning not long after his arrivai. Startled by a peculiar noise "^ which he had not before heard, he was induced to go out tow^rds the camp, where he quickly saw the cause of the excitement A man who had finished his éducation as an " allied " was going to give away his goods. He was proceeding to a distant part of the camp, and stepping ail the way like a proud unmanageable horse ; behind him were fifteen or twenty men, ail holding on to a kind of rope which went round his waist: they were pretending either to hold him bdck or to prevent him from escaping ; ail the tlme they kept up a deafening noise with the peculiar instrument which has so much to do with their superstitions. Pre- sently this party was joined by another, and shortly after by a third, ail bent on the same errand. Thç compétition between them seemed to be to see which could make the greatest noise and look the most unearthly. Whether il! connexion with the mWatîon of ttîë^ "allied," with house-building, or with any other of ij£!à&^\âi^^^.^t )}Hm ^S U'-K^i^yi AM^, éiffifuUtw laeaïîjrt. 19 the numerous occasions on which it commonly takes place this giving away of property is one of the most characteristic features of the -domestic I>fe of the Tsimsheean Indians. Their sole oj^^c m attammg wealth is to hoard it up till they L away. The chiefs, ivhen .they hâve thus reduced themselves to poverty, can rely on being quickly recouped by return^ présents, but the poorer sort are often mvolved in great suffering owing to their comphance with the prevailing custom. Mr. D«n- can mentions the case of one chief who gave away at one time as many as 480 blankets, worth to hira as many pounds. The camp on thèse occasions présents a veiy animated appearancq. Haiiging from house to house or on lines put up for the purpose, hundreds of yards of cotton flap in the breeze. Furs are nailed up in front of the houses, blankets and elk-skins are exhibited on men perambulating the village in single file, whilst hun- dreds of yards of cotton, after hanging out for the best part of twenty-four hours, are brought down to the hen^i, run o ui a t faH length , and trium- phantly bomeaway by a number of bearers, walking about three yafds apart, to their new possessor. c 3 i. f- 1 1 ■} 1 i*; h ^«JÛi^^j&fViv'l -S^- * i»»' ■'■» Il »'- *»JS!»jii,l J ao .^., l^trans^r t^m dtictùm. fc .'-> It is a point of honour with the members of ever>* tribe to ënable their chief tq make a* good display. The gjifts are thus first given to the chief, and then appointed by him to fresh owners, j . • It should, however, be added thàt every chief is - looking forwarid to the time when^ by virtue of a certain number of thèse free distributions, he shall hâve acquirtd the right to receive only, and not to give. To the chiefs, therefcfre, the custom is nothing ;nore or less than a rude form of life assu- rance. Thèse were-the sceneà which, during the dày, Mr. Duncan was continually witnessing ail through the winter months. The nights, he found, were given up, to a much greater extent than any one would hâve expedted, to amusements, especially singing and dancing, varied by exhibitions of tricks by the mediclne men, who generally appear either disguised in the skins of différent animais or in huge masks, the différent parts of which are moved by strings. The great feature of the enter- tainments on thèse octasi^ps was for the medicine men to prétend to miirder, artd then to restore to Jlife. The cannibal s, sis a ma ttèr of co urse, wer€ suppïied with human pièces before their audi ence. bodies, which they tois to r- 1 X«èjiBA.i.., I "*" V ®9^i* Cinraienaïr. as from the confusion of Babel into His blessed and soul-raising service." The conduct of two chiefs about whose friendJy ' beanng some doubts had been expressed wa^ as fer as it went, encouraging. The head chief, L^aïc, whose house had been visited second in' order, was notorious for his evil deeds, but in spite of this he was not only présent but earnestly '' adriionished his people to behave welL ' Another chief had, only a few days before, killed a slave merely by way of gratifyingiiis pride ; his house was prepared as neatly as any,but he had hirnself gone away some distance, probably being ashamed to be présent. ^ As Mr. Duncan for the first time unfolded the gpspel plan of salvation, and exhorted them to leave their sms and seek pardon for them through Christ,, wammg them of the conséquences if they refused and settmg forth the happiness of obédience, it was ' évident, from the signific^nt looks which passed from one to another, that his meaning was clearly enough understood ; on many countenances, indeed, alarm there seemed . rene x^wUlingness , r e ce i vet hé — me sag, as one which commended itself alike to theirjudgment and conscience. This was probably x- siàù.V'^hfS^'fl^^t^i^ ^^ '."l^'VtoîS 26 ^^rangfr; ^an dTûtton. ~T^ to be accouttted for by the extent.to Hvhicïi the néw " doctrines propounded to them harmonized with the gênerai principlesof.their own traditional befief in thfe existence and attributes of a Suprême Being. 3'he Indian narhe for the Suprême Being, Shi- mauyet-lakkah (from Shimauyet, chief, ,and Lak- kah, above) would seem to indicate a more limited and material view ofthe nature and attri- butes of the Deity than they really entertain. Though regarding Him only in the light of a great chief, they believe that He is immortal, thàt , He observes ail that is gomg on amongst men, and that He is frequently angry and punishes offenders.> The idea of two states after death—one above • for the good, and another bdow for the evil— ig also a familiar one to them. They believe |he good will be greatly honoured, and the bad trèated as" slaves. That in both states life will be supported by food, they take fôr granted. As a curious illustration of this may be mentionéd the fact that when, in the fishing season, the fish escape their ^ets, they attribute it to the activity ofthe wicked beneath ! , They h a v e^ no^l d eao f^Qd icin oi the universe, but of His gênerai moral government ÎKorlt Commence. "7 they hâve a keen perception: appealing to Him eo„ ...ar^J.pit,ora.Hve.„ce.especL..i„r:s ^ extent to which they regard Sh.Wuyet- may befall them, ,s very remarkable. Not less «, « the way i„ which, when driven to.desperl iTn b^ an accumulation of troubles, they wil'vén Thet stampi^g their ^Z^ZX :: T "• utterinp- fearf..! • ;. ^ ^ ground, and again^iïf;::.^:^^^^^^?»!^^^'"-'' -orreproachwhich^reflaïut^'S: -V\ ,., * 'N %' \ ^■6-'>- • ;^^^t^'V• .28 étranger t^an dTtctton. The immédiate resuit of the kindly feelirij^ which thèse events created was the offer by oné of the / chiefs of the use of his housô for holding school - in. , / Some time before this, Mr. Duncart had corn- menced school with a few very young scholars, and had only been watching his opportunîty for begin- ning on a more extended scale. He, therefore, gladly closed with the offer ; and as soon as he had completed a few necessary préparations, again started to visit ail the chiefs and inform them of •— V his intention to commence school on the following Monday. Not only was he received as usual with great courtesy, but, to his great delight, considér- able satisfaction at his proposai, and a gênerai désire for instruction was expressed, not always by words, but by looks and gestures no less signifi- cant. ; On the Monday morning, Mr. Duncaa duly arrived at the chiefs housç, to commence his new work. He found that the chief and his wife had made every possible préparation. Every thing was as clean and neatly arranged as possible, and a tent placed upon a mat was ready for Ifis ii g<^. Mr. Duncan had arranged to hâve the children in the morning and the adults in the afternooa . i.îS^^M^ ,>.r t »(V * *■ it ' A.Jfx4i k^i-J iJÉ. *#^. OBforb Coimnenaï. 39 About twenty-six children made their appearance, ail, with one exception, looking unusually neatand clean. In the case of the only child of whom this could not be said, it turned out that it was npt disrespect or poverty which prevented his dressïng as his companions, but superstition. The wlnter before, his initiation into the medicine mysteries had commenced ; and to hâve wom any thing be- sides a blanket or a skin during the next twelve' months would hâve been an offence for which he would hâve expected to hâve been visited by some terrible calamity. .1 The children proved themselves very attentive and promising scholars. The aftemoon gathering was not, on the ivhole, so satisfactory. There seemed a supers^itious dread amongst^he people as to the probable effect of this new movement, and none liked to b^ the first to tiy the experiment ; even the few, fifteen in ail, who did muster courage to brave the dangers, which their medicine men had doubtless instilled into their minds, were evidently very nervous about the possible effect 6f their rashness., Jhe chief and his wife, In whos e house tire scfagoT r .€ was held, were themselves most anxious to leam. But after due considération they had decided to .«i*»*.' a»«lW*A. j.\S^Jr , w i., ^■^I> 30 ôtrarfaer tïjan dTtctwn. attend in the mbrning with the children, sheltering their dignity under the specious pretext of helping to Jceep order. Just as the school work was getting faîrly under weigh, the settlement was suddenly thrown 'into a State of confusion, which at first seemed likely to render it necessary to close the school again for a time. A p^rty of Indians had arrived from Queen Charlotte's Island. As they had a large quantity of food to trade with, and were likely to prove profitable lodgers, a difiîculty arose as to which tribeshould entertain them. TJiis led to a good s^ deal of contention, and in the «lids^of a great deal of firing and shouting the strangdrs were hustled and robbed, one or two wounded, and several taken prisoners. A second party from Queen Charlotte's Island coming a day or two after in three canoës, were also attacked and driven into the woods, their canoës being plundered, and then broken up. Some of the tribes now espoused the cause of the strangers; thus the quarrel spread, and fighting wa9 soongoing on in ail directions. This lasted for some days, most of the people keeping their houses shut, and retiring to holes sunk for such "Occasions (truly a significant fact I), and a few of thf more daring carrying on the contest "ft^u^uïii •■ . Œ^orik Commencrt. ZZ to recognize in thé muttered imprécation with which, as the meeting broke up, Quthray went his way, the first faint runiWing of the storm which was so soon to burst upon him. r ^ 1 • t \M ,,\ . «. ' ' M • • ■■ \ / ' ' r"— ■■■— ■- ■ 7 '■■■ -»■'■■—■—■—■■"; ■"■■ • * t ' '' * V i» ' D I»' ^k!i.i;^'4âi'*%C'^i^''; ..■■■.', t.i^V*^'-^'^^-^-- * . l CHAPTER IV. A CRISIS. RITISH COLUMBIA présents a coast- line abounding in deep indentations, in bne of the largest and most northem of which stands Fort Simpson. About the centre of the bay the sweeping curve of the ' coast is broken by a channel which forms a small peninsula. On this is situated the fort and the Indian camp. For the convenience of launching their canoës, the Indian houses are ail built along ^he beach, and as near as possible to the Mne of high-water mark. Belïind the settlement the ground rises for about half a mile towards an impénétrable forest The intervening space, having been cleared by the constant cutting of firewood, présents nothing but a waste of grey stumps of trees, a few bushes, _^"^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^j^>"g "O^^^^wardSf the eye resta upon a rugged, mountainous cq|st-line, and nume- fous lovely islands, one or twô of the sDuthernmost rff ^ii4;%& «.5-> 9 Ctiti». 35 of Which heip to pretect the bay from the heavy spladi of the Pacific, and to make ît a safe harbour for ships sbekii^ refuge in bad weather. _ As tlie Indfein settlement extended along the shore on bothïides of the fort, it was n^cessaryrin - order tt,at it should be as central as possible, that the school-house which Mr. Duncan proposed to build should be erected close to the fort. The in- convenience of this arrangement, as bringing it i„to close proximity with the back of the house of the head chief, was not at the time foreseen. The Indians were anxious to render eveiy assist- ance m con.pleting the new building, and, under Mr. Duncan's direction, the timbe« were soon eut at a spot so„e distance along the coast, hauled down to the beach, formed into a raft and floated down to the settlement Harfly, however, had they commenced to cahy the wood up the hiU than a^ev^n^occurred which but for the confidence with , ^t ^ ^ "'^" ^ '""P"'^ «" «bout him m.ght hâve led to serions results. In making â g«at^ffort to raise a heavy log, o„e of the Zk! ^ ^^■^ c a ^ a crowd ^uickly a4m,^ „*"**« °f *e greatest alarm. Mr. Duncan at once suspended the work, leaving D a -Z^ m 36 dtranflnr tifun drûtîow. f it to the people themselves to propose its being re- commenced. This, after a few days, they did, and a day, the i7th of September, was accordingly fixed for making a fresh start. By six o'clock in the morning of the day named, Mr. Duncan went down to the raft, hoping to find ail ready to commence. But for some time it almost seemed as if the superstitions feî^r caused by the récent event would, after ail, prevent any progress being made. With the exception of some half- dozen, thç Indians contented themselves with sitr ting, Indian-like, at their doors, as if wishing only to be spectators. After waiting for some time, one pf the half-dozen men on the raft suddenly sprang to his feet, aid, as a sign for starting, gave a peculiar whoop, on \ï|hiçh, inadéquate as their numbers ^were, they ajyt/ sprang to the work with a will Animated '^by jtheir example, about forty more rushed down at full Jpeed from their houses, and set to with an enthusiasm which was almost alarming. Those who were too old towork gathered round andui^ed on theotheis with the most spirit-stirring words and gestures. The heayy blocks and beams now began to move np the hlir"witfi àniazlng rapidity, and ty three o'clock in the aftemoon ail were safely deposited on «4,|Ui  \ , i ■ ¥ \ a ffrtti^. 37 the proposed site. Two or three days later, the work of building was commenced, and carried on , with the same zeal. During the building, the only cause of uneasiness arose from the superstition of the Indîans, and trdr dread of the slightest accident which could be con- strued into an ,omen of future evil; but, happily, nothing further occurred to interfère with the suc- cessful completion of the work. Mr. Duncan had proposed to buy the bark re- quired for the roof and flooring ; but, to his great gratification, the Indians volunteered to contribute boards for both purposes, urging that their own ' houses were roofed with bark, and that the white chief s teaching-house ought to hâve a roof and flooring of boards. The offerings were ail presented with a great deal^ of ceremotiy ajid show of good i^ehng: many, who could not otherwise hâve con- tributed, taking boards from their own houses, or even planks which formed part of their beds. By November the i7th the school-house was finished, and fumished with about fifty forms and desks, manufactured by the same wiUing hands. Hardly was "" * - t h e work thus happily eemplctedr than an unlooked- for reverse occurred: a great portion of the roof being blown oiff in a violent ^'■^4'is ftA^ ^ V l fJ^UJi.?^ >i JA Vi*. 'S 1 t «,i V.. \h 3^ étranger tffan dFiction. storm. This was, however, quickly rectified, and in the course of a day or two ail was ready>(or use Mr. Duncan now reaped the fruit of his prelimi- nary work in the chief s house during the summer. No sooner did he make his appearance on the 4ay appointed for recommencing school, than his former scholars rushe .— — v^-^^... "■'. 1 '- - -^ — ■ V ^,>i^: — , .i 41 AU was now excitemeiit The next day, tlie medicine party carrying on their work neé the school broke out with renewed fuiy, asserting that the child of the head chief who was being initiated had just «retumed frp^ above.» First' came a message from Legak t^know whether Mr. Duncan intended to persévère ïn hdding school that day- a question which was answered in the affirmative, rhen, on reaching, the sch6ol, Mr. Duncan ^und Legarcs wife, who had come to beg him to give way declaring that it was not so much her husband as the tnbe which ins^sted onlt. Feeling, however, that the battle must sooner or later be fought, Mr Duncan stiU held firm, and went himself to strike the Steel to call the scholars together. During the moming ail went on as usual, but in the afternoon, just as the steel was about to be 2^^7a """! ^'^'^' ^^^ ^ P^^y «^ «medicine men, ail dressed out in their usual charms, and in a; very angry voice ordered the boy who was about to^ stnke the steel, to cease. With some seyen of his followers, Legaic then came into the school-room the rest standing abo^t the d^r. g^lfiggtpbiecfrwàstodriwout^the^f^ who had already collected, and shouting at the top ofhisvoice,hebadethembeofî: \^ ^ w \ f • ^- \ (■■ ,> i 'N \X',A''" \ ' 1 n. 42 ôttanger t^jan ffictim. Mr. Duncan at once camé forward, and seeing that their object was to intimidate him by their numbers and frightful àppearance, spoke to thedh in as calm and Qonciliatory a tone as he could assume. Telling them plainly of the evil of their ways, he explained that threats could not possibly affect him, as God was his Master, and he was bound to obey Him rather than them. The parley lasted for more than an hour. At times Legaic seemed to be inclined to give way, but he soon broke oùt with more violence than ever. Drawing his hand across his throat, he declared that he knew how to kill people. Then looking to two men who were with him, he said, " I am a murderer, and sq are you, and so are you, and what good is it for us to come to school ?" To this sally, Mr. Duncan responded by re- mioding them how often he had declared to them that there was pardon through Christ even for murderers. Towards the close of the scène, two of the vileçt- looking of his foUowers went up to Legaic, and whispered something in his ear, upon whlch he got up from a seat he had just sat dow n iip^n, stamped ïis foot on the floor, raised his voice to its utmosf pitch, and exhibited ail the rage and défiance cf t.U. U' ' '^.'"'■^'■^^^ 9 Critftd. 43 which he was capable. Finding, however, ail his efforts either to per^ade or inti^iidate alike un- a^^, hng. he at last withdrew. and, some sixteen scholars bemg still left in the room, school Was resumed. We are not surprised to find entered in Mr Duncan's journal, written on the evening of the same day, expressions of the deepest thankfulness for h.s préservation. " I am still alive," he writes. " I hâve heartily to thank that all-seeing Father. Who has covered and supported me to-day " To those who knew the Indian character, to say noth.„g of the Personal n=putation of Legaic for bloodth,rstyïn.el.yand uncontroUable vioïnce of SiMr''"'^^"^"^^^'"^"^"-"--^'''--- thaf r T "«nan-the greatest chief. not only in '7 locality, but in the surrounding country, to whom precedence and the place of honour would a^t r,"' °"". '^""^"^ '""°'^' "-e chiefs of anytnbel.v,ngwthin a radius of sixty mile^ man, too, who had scarcely knoWV, what it was to ri^:fi-S!^''-^'r»"^^'^ —>,„,■-■■-. J^ 7 .:" "■■; f"-»c3i m a tter. «ad ^ohaanever before hesitated to sacrifice the life of any who opposed him-thwarted and set at «ough^ and that, too, not only i„ a matte, in which i.ï'^tî '-i»*,'ir'. 44 étranger t^an fiction. ail hîâ strongest feelings were concemed, but openly, in the présence both of his tribe and of strangers. And yet, the comparative stranger who had ventured thus to sçt him at défiance seemed likely to enjoxa perfect immunity from harm, and to be destined, powerless as he really was, to carry out his own plans without further let or hindrance. Reviewing the whole circumstances of the case it is hardly possible to escape the conclusion that they constitute one of the most striking instances on record of the manner in which God's servants are often carried safely tbrough any great danger which, m the path of duty, they meet calmly and trustfully Nor will it lessen, but rather intensify, this feeling, if we pause for a moment to trace out the human mstrumentality by which, in the Providence of God, this resuif was directly brought about. From information given some time after by the Indians themselves, it would seem, that whenever medicine-men had threatened Mr. IKincan's life, Clah, who had now become his constant attendant' had declared that he regarded him as under his protection, and that he should instantly avenge his death. ^ Nor was this a mère idle threat likely to be dis- regarded by those to whom it was made. Partly iii -\ & % a Crufuf. . .. by Wrtue of his property, an<} partly i„ çonse^^ of tt .nfluence he gained by his inttaate «Lons W.A the European traders, Clah was recognized as holding the rank of a leading chief. He L a rfaL «riÉt %°™ '"°''''' ''' "=" ^' 'he same ^«P^" smgularly determined character andl^ly sensitive of any wrong, real or imagi-' naor, done to any one who had any elaim on Ws protecfon Only just befor^Mr. Duncan's Z^ behef ttat it «^ owng to her influence that a pièce of wood, wh,ch was being carried by «,n>e M^ had fallen from their shoulderB and seriously injW one of h.s ,e ation, a fact quite possible, aL^d J to the superstitions belief of the Indians. Clah ol shot her dead on the spo., bmving the revenge o^ If rr M T "''°' '■" '*"■"' "' "«= «""Penition of thirty blankets which Clah had at once paid would never forego the hope of taking ZlTkr l°tu« " *^î ^' "' *^' concerted^t.:^ Z P^'t ;;«'''»'5^ P«-Jâcfeet aTd' troûsênf^ *»»" d'd L^c and his followen foree their 8Jte*!u W*. (à - F , .. ft M---' 4<5 i^tranger t|i«i JFution. way in tljan he instantlw foUowed, and leaning against the wali just inside % door, an apparently unmoved spectator of ail that was going on, literally stood guard over his pupil and protégé. His skill dn the use of fire-arms, acquired during his long intercourse with Europeans, was well-known ; and Legaic was perfectly conscious th'roughôut whole scène that it only neéded the blanket to dropped aside for a revolver tO be brought instar to bear upon him, and that in the event of any injui>Fbeing done to Mr. Duncan, whoeyer else might escape, he certainly would not. From the first moment, therefore, that he entef-ed the school, Legaic was aware that he was powerless, and though excited at the time with drink, his extrême rage and threatening attitude were pro- bably merely assumed. Never a man of any great courage, he was byno means prepared to face instant death in defence of a System in which his faith was probably ' already more shaken than he cared to c^dmit . Thus, even after making ail allowance for the moral influence which, especially in religious matters . the strong mind Jnvariably exercises the weaker, we can hardly doubt that, humanly Rpeaking, Mr. Duncan owcd his life, on this occasion X »•;■ W!/viA;^u. ♦■i:î,y«L,. ■Mm N ' N> : /-•■■ . S Cxiiii. 47 to tlje friendship and determined character of the one Indian whom hç had especiaUy made his fnend. The ej^citement cfeated by the attack upon^Vf r Duncan, and thé indignation amongst the mediçine- men ^ainst Legaic for allowing himself to be thwarted, were naturally very great. Threats of violence tothe scholars, if they çontinued to attend were again renewed, and with such an évident prb- babihty that they would be put into exécution, that' Mr. Duncan at once decided that it would be well to take the opportunity of the moral victory whiah ,he haM gained to make arrahgements fôr holding school for a short time in an/ther part of th, camp Happily there was no difii/ulty in inducing one of ^ the chiefs, who -had thré/ghout held firm to hiL intehuonofabandoningtj;emèdidnemysteries;to ' knd h,s house for the/urpcise; and in it, accord- , ^by^e day after^ jLe scène which we hâve descrSed the school wis reopened, and upwards of ' . a hundrecj scholare atten^ed. ) Thus, ia the good Providence ot^od, vv^ the ^ ' cr^^issueof.hic,aU,h^bee.Io^^ IfthestandwhichMnDuncanhadmadewasLd, ^ some may thiak, ahnost to rashness, the requit 'A !■■ ;. 1 * "^'""«f:.^] /■ ^l; ■^- '. > - 48 ' ^ranffer t^an dTïrtton. .^'of the victory gained was such as, in his most sanguine moments, he had> hardly; ventured to • expect. ï " This was especially the case with regard to the . medicne» System; The chiefs who had at first proposed to givè it up were stiU plainly «haltine between two opinions," and needed but ven, little to make them adhère to their priposed ab^don- ment of .ts mysteries. Of course a cUstom which for âges had beei, so universal, and so unhesitatinriv accepted. and round which clustered so many toa- ditjons and cherished superetitions, w^s àot lilcely to be set on one side at once. It was much that the blow struck at it h,d manifestly produced so great an effect as it had. Not only did many of the chiefs showplainly enough that theh- confidence m the whole System was gone, but they could no longer conceal the fact that thq. were thoroughiy asAam^ of it Like révéliez overtaken by the dayhght-^ the dawn of divine truth began to break upon them, and the false glare of superatition faded before the «true hght," they seemed to recoil instmctively from that in which they had so lately gloned, but of which they were now ashamed. ^TOta vr» - • *, # ' -^ < • r ^ , .j " -î ( *r^/,»^ ^' •■•^i 'f'' a^ ■p /' ■*'-<4'-/' ''I .'*/ \ * ' .*',« "■ 'ÎF ■n V CHAPTËR V. PROGRESS. |HE eveks related in the kst ehapter took place lonly five days before Ghristmas ^ (58). Pn Christm^-eve Mr. Duncan Savehisscholarsalongaddressexplain- ry the seaso^ was to be observed, not ag they had previously Uwn it, merely a3 a spécial time of not and drunkeriness amongst white people, but a|oneof"g,^tioy"to"^people." ZtLime Next moming thtre Wére some aoo people pré- sent Mr. Duncai^ had determîned to try the «^périment for the ^rst time of dispensing with a mttçn address. Hè succe eded bétter thanhe had ^-fndij ^iar rans Iseéffied to Mow his fairly î and aa he set before them the and Hia hatred of sin, and then enu- \W7ir- \ X f-'v » ^ '^ \ '^--v ,H 50 J^trangtr ^an dTûtûm. -.,.- ■ -*-t;-;r-. 'il^m ' ' ■ -g' m --. . ■ ■ \ m . mer^ed the various sins, especialiy of dfijnkfenness amongst the tàen and profligacy amongst the women, of which they were guilty, he could see that his wamings as to their présent and future conséquences went home to the consciences of many. It so happened that whilst he was speaking, a woman who was suffering under a frightful affliction, the effect of hcr own vices, was seizéd with a sidden illness, and obliged to be removed. A more striking illustration of the effects of the sins against which they had just been wamed, or one more likely to give force and point to any exhortation against them, could not well hâve been imagined. y Aftes his address, Mr. Duncan questioned the children on some simple Bible truths, concluding the service by singing two hymns which he had previously taught in the school. Every Sunday much the same plap of proceeding was adopted. Hymns already known were sung, new ones were said over by the whole congrégation together, answers to questions in religions truth were repeated in the same manner, a short address yraa given, and the service concluded with singing and a short prayer. In âddf^IThg the peoplè Wr^Dùncah soonlbund the necessity of adopting as much as possible the J t hing ,%SU ■ f<— ^ A . %u«t.ve style oflanguagesocommon among the Ind«„s; for .nstance, he would adopt such L"! ments as the foUowing: «If a çhief is i„S .«compens^must be made; if the offender s tt' poor to màke ivhis relatives pay it ûl,^: compensation is maH<- fî,o^^ • ^ "^ uniess We hâve .1? T : '' ""^ réconciliation. We hâve ail made the Gre^t Oiief angry- we could not pay; Jésus Christ undertakes to'p^; Z Or âgain. «AVhen we die we <.h.u u appear before the Great ChiS." ^ L^^^^ -^;^«.ses^::ï::rt::r A. a rule the Indians we.^ ve^. qufck i„ applyi„„ "During my address this morhiÔg I observed one ma„ (a spirited, bad man he is) l L ^^ easy, and after a Uttle «me h. .i, \ .. ^ "' -ooks and tone ,^ J™»«: bStlW his^ . « 3 (j«i^ V-" 52 ôtranger Oian dTwtwn. looked enraged at me, and then hid his face in his blanket Occasionally hç would give me anothçr severe look, and then putdowh his head again.\ When we stood up to pray, he moved towards the door; I went on, and he kept stilL On my finish- ing, he walked up to a woman, and whispered something in her êar, and 'then veiy quickly disap- peared. As l ivas walking from school, one of the little boys told me that this man- had been 'talking bad ;' and afterwards I inquired of a man that was présent what it was ail about, and he told me that the man thought that I was speaking about him, and telling the people his bad ways, and hè was ashamed." ■ :^ But it must not'be supposed that preaching and Suflday services were exclusively or even mainly relied upon as the means of conveying religious instruction to the people. -^ Immediately after Christmas Mr. Dphcan had again taken possession of his own school-house, and was soon hard at work wlth a large and in- creasing number of scholars. His first difficulty had been how to deal with such lai^e numbers at once; but by dividing them into classes, and ^i»refally adjusting theivork whîch eàcK cljiss waF ■ to do, he was able to make fair pro£ xX'^ iLX.i »' O.'iK i -*i 1 L -* v„-.\* .1^ % .■i *' ^toçpitie. 53 His next and chief anxiety was chaw best to make the school of Christianizing opening and çlo; address on some he would then mâjci ^^serve the primaiy object " 'le. As a mie, both on he would give'a short narrative of the Bible ; . -^ , ; -JOÏÇ! school, chiWren and adults, leam one or two texts in thç ir own language and repeat them together. Thèse he woulk explain again and again, taking care that a t£xt once leamt should be repeated suflîciently often at ^ varions times, to fix it deeply in the mind. ' / \ Singing again, which w^ perhaps, of ail othefs then^ost popular part of the school work, proved aiiimportant vehicle of instruction. Varions simple hymns, embodying the leàding truths of Christianity were.^pon tmnslated, and wpre lear^ with thé greatest^ possible interest by ^ung aiMd^ ' Early îi^ 1859 a set of illustmted Scriptur^ lessons was sent ù^ from Victoria. Thèse proved of the greatest use:, One of the first picture^ represented ark. The Indi^s at once recogni^ed in the sacri- ficial act a custo^long in use ân^ngst themselves. BE£c oi^affp^edajst f. ppi4 . ^^ own System to the Sacrifice pf the Lama of God Seeing an évident j;eaSpn for the custom of sacri^ •4 -» -/ '■'/ l/* ■: V. <:.^ CB 54 ôtranfler tj^an dTwtwn. ficing, ,they seemed at once to gain a clearer conception ofthe object to be gained by the sac" «ce ofthedeathof Christ. The whole subject of the Flood proved to be one of pecuhar mterest The Tsimsheeans, it appeau W a tradition that many yea. ago al. Z2 ™ hfewexceptions, «perished by water." AmoJ^ a,e fewwhowere saved were no Tsimsheans; and howtheir nation «as «produced is to this day they say, a mystery to them. '^ But the tradition of a widely^xtended Flood is bv no means confined to particular tribes. Preachine from Fort Simpson, and alluding to the Flood as fTT'^ i" ^'"P*""' **'• ï^"""" «« at o'n« thathehad touched upon a favourite topic; and on talkmg afterwards to one of the chiefs on the subject^the latter at once volunteered the following "We hâve a Jpdition.- he said, "about the swelhng of the water a long tinre ago. As yo„ are lo7 2 r t'?°" "■" "' *^ ""eh mopntain to the ^p of which a f«v of our forefathera eTcaped ■ when the waters rose, and thus were saved But jn an y^ore were sav e d iinhtir tan r^i ,-j = . .^ 7^ "*^ wicir canoës, and were dnfted about and scattered in eveiy directioa Thf % lï .;*jy.v;. -^f ^ % ••: ^tO^ttiSg, 55 waters went down again ; the canoës reste(#on the land ; and the people settled themselves in the yarious spots whither they had been driven. Thus it is the Indians are found spread ail over the countiy;>ut they ail understand the same songs and hâve the same customs, which shows that thev are one people." But to return to Mr. Duncan and his- school. * Dunng the rest of the winter ail went on well. Not only werc many of the scholars making considérable progress in learning to read simple sentences in their own language, but there were many indications that some at least wer^ ready to be «doers of the Word, and not hearers only." In the school this was #own, both by the in- creased attention and earnestness, ahd by the con- tmuallyKlecreasing number of those who persisted jn pamting their faces, and wearing the hideous hp and nose rings. But it was not only in the school that there was évidence of some real good having been effected. in spite of an unusual quantity of spirits having been brought to the camp by traders, there had y^„„„ -, •;■- -- "y uy traaers, there had b«n «««.rfy 4„y %httng or qFaSiiîng throughouT the w,„t*, and not a single mui^er had been com- «mtted,— an event quite without pnxedent i^" » - '"r'-jçy t^f* 5« Ôtranger tj^an dHftwn. 'i». At the same tîine the « medicine work" had beeh carried on with much less spirit, being entirely ,4ropped by one or two tribes, and robbed of half its horrors amongst others. Another fruitful source of the influence which Mr Duncan was now daily gainin^ with the Indians, was'the constant and friendly intercourse kept up with the people by means of house-to-house visiting and, as far as possible, by constant ministrations tô the sick. Hère is an extract from Mr. Duncan's journal whichwiU serve to illustrate the manner in which thèse visits were often turned to account. Writing on December açth, 1858, not many days after h,s contest with Legaic, he says, " After school to-n.ght I went to take a little medicine to a sick man, and found in his house a group of Indians of the tribe which hâve lately sent a party of medicine men hère to show themselves off. I therefore felt an mcreaséd désire to set the Gospel forth on this ' ^^^Jt^^at thèse poor créatures might go back and tell their people something of the glad tidings they had heard. Their village is about eighty to a ""^^^ '"^^es ^^^yj'^om hère. I think. limé rcould not tegin; however, ï would not go away, but stood musing and piaying. my hqw .\â dj>i Àt'MMJÊmaiiài'iA^.',Â.i>f » i';;lî.,4wi.; lijl&V. 1 1 ^tOQVtig. t 57 "~^- buming, but full of misgiving. At last an oppor- tumty was afforded me, and I began ; and by God's blessing I was enabled to set the Gospel clearly and fuUy before them, that is, as to the eKential and first great truths of it. White I was speaking 6ne or twowould makç remarks as to the truth and , reasonableness ot what I said. Several times one man exclaimed^ 'AAm meUh! ahm melsh!' Good news ! good neWs l' And another, when I had done,.said, ' S himhow; ^^hxch means, ^t is true-' and it is adéquate, in their way of speaking, tô Amen, 'I bdieve.' They ail seemed^thankful for my visit ; and I hope the Lord wiU bless it. I tried to enforce the duty of love and obédience to God by alluding to the attachmen^ and obédience they expected from their children. To t^is they agreed _ and expressed their fdU belief tft^t the Indians % would not be long before tj^ey would be altogether changed." ' , # The Indians, being in the halbit of attending their sick with great kindness, seemed thor^ghly to an- preciate any sympathy and attention shown them; at the same time. such were their strange notions* on th o flu b jccl of Jisease, that the greatest cautiorT was necessary to avoid coming into collision witfi some deep-rooted superstition .,*jÊ.i' . ^ ' ".' jiUi . s^-'..,..j,-.y,Bijj' 5« •tranutt Q», jfïrtioii. Nearly ail bodily afflictions, and most deaih* arç attnbuted to the secret working ,of some male- volent person. . This being the case, when a pe.^on of.mpo^„cedies.!. „1 V ' ,X ..4. lï ., "ïJhtf'.SXiVà^^' about the patient while a .a-» • ' ' **^^ mat has donc the mi<:rh ;<>#*. , i.- i. , « supposed b, them to H bad'f "''""'" nouncement maH^ k,, *u j ^' ®"** ^ »«- %«lly présent him «^A iu^ ' '"""'* invaliddies.thedoctmrn,'^ «>»ues, and ^ propertyhe has .^S l'""^ Partide.of dH the fi„t trial a A^^ ^*" "" "«*'' fo«ows of the patienfs recove-^r* 1^/ "" '""? ""P' "Another curiou» matter coimected wiMv ' opération is, that when the doctor^ ^ *" ' ' ■'' I S&atMl'^U^-P't.'WÉ'Tl t .^ w *-' ■.it)» <, 60 17^4 A. fr the soitU^i^in îts ;A ( n ; v"!^. noiioces his 5en usual place, wjjiciïs a gooâ propèp, pl|(Bç, and sc^s wa 'tiélijs the patient's ca^e c|^b||,r; ^Ist ^ |npN>oin WHich case tlieà îs iio^'fl^e for %^t^0éry, The bold deceiyer does " not ■|o tell the pieople that tke sbul is like ip^ with a long curved proib|Dscis." ' ^. " , ,.first occasion on whichMr. Du|^n visiteda ^. 8ick.|erspn, who, with the consent of*|jiis friends, •iu*^ ' ^«lîberately refused the aid pf ke native %loctors, was towards the close of the yeaf^ 1 858. ^. " Last night," he writes, " was the first ^e I had- ventured out iii the camp during dark. It was to see a ppor dying woman, sister to the late Kead chief. I had seen her three or four times before, but could do her no good ; still, as her friends had cpWe to the fort desiring aid, I accompanied them back. On arriving at the house, I found the sick woman laid,before a large wood fire, aro^nd Which some twenty Indians were squatted. After akmi- nistering.a little medicine, I began speaking tô t^m a few words which the sojemn scène su dj&t ed. \ I pointed out to them our condition ai^d Sr.l...s ,(.- ^ ,-1, ■;i',. .::%■■: ':'■.-. \<.-. ::■..>.■ f ..M ■ i .1 Jt i* M. i^ w «. '1 . V *^ r ■ " K' ^j •■A V .•,-<¥ % f *.- hâve been hère rT t ^ '^""««ed- since I that she and L 0^7 H-r ' ''"'^' °"^ "- ''-d ' but they wanted to? "^ "°' ''"°" ="'°'" God- about thesamedate Tjtu'" "^ ■'="'^* ^' -de, a„d the exte't to '^",*^'' "^^ "-> to the school teachmg " "'^ *"«^ble a severe çpld), and whom 7T ^^ ^'" °" ''>' I lOoked on fr.- -A-^î^*/. ^ . I WéSon fo;;àme*lin,v''T '^'J"'«°»cated. «buked the .„W *i T ™nêd.atel^, e„.uetf.v i ■\. '•,, \,fT"'^i^'"°"Jéus;to follet S^ fciKsÊi&iiiS ;w>. HA ^'*/'"''^ ^ ^ 6a étranger ti^an dTûtton. t|ie things about him ; and to spend his little rc- maining time in prajjing in his heart to Çod to savé him. « \ &* "His reply wa*, 'Oyes^sirl *. 1 -"I about to corail s:' ""'"^ "P"" *' P?°^ To one who was so anxiously watcnin» f «.gn which could indicate how flr 2 "i """^ which he was so f i! ™ ^ood seed, such a case as «,.-7 p ('"^. «««■'«gement in reruseatoXtn^rat^^t*''"'^''-'-*'^ Wm. He showed that h? T °P"*'' "P°° ciated the lea^ '^.hs J^^r T ''''"^ constant and earnest i! ""* <^°'P^. «nd ,vas au .bout him of the cel T' "^ "^■"'' '^"'•«' . -tion i„ wh5 he di^ a„r °'''^^^'" ''=''■"■ 3hc:houû':^r,to^!^''f -{-'«1 hiswish that ways oThis p^pTe '° '^ baçfc into the old U.nn^altiS^;';'^':''» «>« -»n foi the '^anvoS-'.""" feh-' g-groundscamero^d. they ou^PTa 1 : """^ *° know whetli^r t %.,.jié. '.< ^ti î^r ôtranfler t^m action. — • y î* Important their h^§p^g%ir^reiits, andieel- ing sure that if a^T^Sl^çf thfyea^s provision occurred, they woùld, #hether rightly or wrongly attnbute it to him and the schpol^Mr. Dunfc^n in every caseurged their taking them with them , Accordingly, about the middle of March, the first grand detachment, consisting of about 200 canoës, started for the fishing-station, situated some df«*anceup a river which fàlls into thesea some d^tanceto the northdf the fort. ' ^ After this the school was stiU kept on, though th^number of scholars was reduced to about forty Dri^gthe period of comparative le^sure which the afforded him, %,j:%ncan devoted ail theltime wWch he couWpossi|Ipf3M tothei&pài^tionof several ^yn^nslH Pi#ers, a riiort catcchiém, and^ num- ' °^^' /r'" ^'''''^'^ ^"'^ classes, the first marking ^ seconcî selbmg forth simKe ^^ctrinal Jp«ths^d" the rest «ferring to va^ç^^ctfcal duti^^e ^erc.^ksy>^3edby.theschola.,t The day on i ^h.the m ai a_bod)r p f tho pe u ple "«* m4 tfn^ theirp whatf^l grand WO|^tl tention J^un<»n; that he/3î ï tiy to lia^started for theirfishing.grounS^^esZd *î^cfness ^Mjf^'- ^. *ip from tliat Mme hnnrdZZ ~ " — " M.. Duncan-s calent ^L ' '''■'^''" "«y ,„ <'"nk,V,a„d f„„ tte «1,^"'''»^ from ham"- ^«nes of riot a«d érT^kZt^' ^""'^ "'>'='■ «^e an4 geneMl décorum wI^rH."^ '° '"^ "'■'^'^r ^-'■•dingly; a me^ït^""! .^P^'" ""e matten -fhehead chief Legaic J^-^t " *« house of 'heV people. a„d thauLT' u' .*' '^' "^^^^'^f g^and climax of ail v,TZ.T"^^" ^"'^ ' -oïd that ie intendedto Z^^K^'"'^" *^' «>at hcVeU «memb«! i °"'*^- "« '°°''» *ow I t'y to dfer^ '^^tT " P""' '' aseconduct..h... "Endness with the rest " '^^ *"^ '''°"' *'"'" «q-al ./•e^'<=^e.ample^3,„^^^„<,^,^^^^ J, .", j)^j .Jbut^ AA.*:iA2. ICI; Liât. ,^ . ^.*^ ,;«-> 66 étranger t|^aii dfutton. so that in the course of the summer as many as four or five of the chiefs were ofteh ^ school at the same time. i One old chief (Neeslakkahmoosh), though he hdd back him^elf for a long t^n^e, either from com- ing to the school or Sunday àefVices, went so far as to urge Mr. Dunean strongly to try and get another teacher to corne out and help him. " We are will- ing," he said, "tb givé you our children to teâch ; but as for the grown people, v^e think it is well for us to die as we are." The daughter of this old chief was one of the most intelligent and regular attendants at the school, and never failed to repeat to her father ail that she heard and learnt. Gradually sôftening under this influence, he at last consented to corne himself to school. The first day he made his ap- pearance he formally presented Mr. Dunean with a token of his good-will, in the shape of a carved spoon of his own workmanship — an off^ring which, though of no great intrinsic value, must, from his âge and dimness of sight, hâve cost him no littie time and labour. On the whole, the gênerai state of feeling through- AHlthe sett lem cot towards Mr. Duncaii^ unde r wen V- in the course of the summer of 1859, a very marked •■J:*- } 9nptu. I iT T~^ — ■ — ^ — — ^ *' « change for thfe better Ti.- ^ " '•«ted -oi%, oc«l„^^ »»» Particularly „»„;. , --«ter, named- Cuahwahi „„ ""'"""'«'J' bad cha- ^ »elf on the first pro^rtv Jr^ * '° ''"'"^ *"»- . "hich he could Lt^rt"*^'"^ *•» " *>"*« n,an broken into the .ch^, ,!f "^ ^ "«^«t- he had dows. . ■ *"<' smashed ail the win- chieflthad"c::etS '° t^ "^"^ ^'^ *« •» '•o-nd the peo Je ° a i^ ?** **" '■^P'^"«^. «ne old «an Lltag "ut t h, ^f '""*'='"^'«- ^or the vlllam. i'i.eda,^1o"rr" ^"'^'^^ and to make even, oTe '1; ! r*" «"'^"ent, grieve him more than L ^' "°*'"e ''«"M *hich might be fo^'?*'"^ '''°"" '>«<^r tion. ^y^" '«o an act or r^a- Had the school 1fc«n? ■nuo more serious as »,. " * ' "*"« P^ved of drink at the tta;lH .r '*"^ *' ■"««"Çe "f drink at th; «me a^' T ^"^ ""= '"«""ce ''■■hm ^ r. ... .;,«-;-.; \ ' ■r-;- '■ 68 l^tranger tfian iffution. I V his possession. Indeed, it was onl^' a few 'weekg later, that on a quarrel, of which he was the cau^e^ taking place in his house, pistols were freely used, and two women were shot, and he himself wounded. .6 ^ > Happily, so far from acting injûriousljfc^ Mr. Duncan's work, thèse and such-Uke scènes ouIy tended the more powerfuUy to awaken the hiin^s of those who had been regularly under instruction, and to deepeft' the impression of the teachina they had réceived ; whilst to ail they served ais a prac- ticai illustration of the truth which he was so con- stantly pointing out to thçm, viz, that even on' the lowest grounds of expediency a thorough reform was désirable. ^ ' - • . ■ ■ . ^ '' ' ,. ■■ "'âuch, so far ât lea^t as it c^ir|pe estimàted from . the butward indications \ye havè enumerated, was nie général resuit of the first two. years of Mr. Duncan's worjc. V ^ His own views asyto the nature of the foui\dation which uç tô ^s time he had laid, we shall perhaps b'est ujpderstan4 by glancing at thé superstructure yfiil^ he hoppd to rear upon jt. "^What, tjien, ati^his timç were his^opes ariî plans for tho future? > ^ '. P' : . w ' -kJ '■ , •• •4 . •■' • >g. f :a l- '..?> . r «Il Nothmg more og less than to p^posé a gênerai exodusof the whole body of those who hÂZ^ b^ug^t ™ore immediately u„der his teachfng „ b,d^them rome out from among their heaihT where their young chiidren could be brought 1 f a purer atmosphère, and their young men and • Ze". ""!,' .'V'"^' '""" '"^ ^ntamina^ng _ uifluenees which then surrounded them '„.'*'. i° ''' ''"^'' °'"""«' «'as the plan, the!, ,v fct put fonvard, which during the next L yelr" ;. ^ ^hà f we shaH 3« padually assuming S âhd «i,^.sten^, «*«1 it finally isjued in the esta :., bl.shme«t of the nalîve settlemint, the singular Tnd f-mtuted It one of the mar,^els pf Ae day^ a^ promises ère long tô revolutionizethe whole Volicy of Amener statesmen towa«is#e Indian racef the Gospel of Peace a task for whiçh in tur^eve-y otter agency has prov«d wholly inadéquate ■ •"■.««■ T »•; ", ^1^/^ »** * V 4.» .*■ CHAPTER VI. A yiSIT TO VICTORIA. \ ICTORIA must be, I think, the most lovelymnd beautifuUy situated place in the world. In the summer it must be exquisite. There is every sort . of sceneiy. Sublime mountains, placid sea, noble forest trees, undulating park-like glades intrt-- spersed with venerabk oaks, inland lake's and rivers abounding with fish. The climate is thoroughly English — a little milder. It is astonishing to see the rapidity with which the place grows. The ho uses at présent are chiefly of wood, but can bc made very comfprtable and picturesque. They run up with great speed, and sometimes run ahng, for it is not uncommon tp meet a house proceeding down the stftet to some other location. The shopâ , are excellent; there is npthing-^no luxury^ no ^mfort — ^whic|i you cannot prc^ure *." 1 Lëtter of (he Bishop of Columbiâ. «t ■*' 'ÏM: ■"S!» - ■-( 8 Vitit t» tBittaxU. n J"'^ "^^ the first impressions produced upon Columbia some ten years baclc Describing the population of the city, anotlier writer says, «One canaot pass ,lo„g the principailhoroughfares with- out meetmg représentatives of almost eveiy tribe or nafonality under heaven. Within a limited ■ space may be seen : of Europeans-Russiafls, Aus- 1.S1. and Insh; of Africans-negroes from the Unvted Sutps and West Indies; of Asiatics-' Lascars and Chinamen ; of A«eric»ns-Ï,,dians Mex.cans ChiUans, and citions of the No"h tTT c'"""'"' ""^ °f Poiynfeians-Malays froni the Sandwich Islands. fhn., Victoria hL ,become a nucleus for the waifi l„d strays of Wn,ty driftingthitherfrom the east ind'^^est tuted the «nfavourable éléments ofVhich are con- rardCr.''^''"'"''-''^"'^--^'''* ^J^^^cea„d_d.Wat,o;-ro. OqUi Jhm Uw^-^CGastr-itfld - ;^nor of British Coïumbia, wen. .continuàUy drawn, pnly to retum ta thcir "- ^ ■ homes lainted with f ^•t . Mf' ^^ïij^.Jl f "^^ ^ '*■ • 1 *;•' 7a dtratnser t^am dTtctton. evil the most degrading and destructive, and pos- sessed with a craving for ardent spirits, which the traders who first encquraged it took every opportunity afterwards of gratifying. In the first instance the visits of the natives to Victoria had been solely for the légitimate purposes V of traffic. Now they came with their wives and daughters for the express purpose of^ keeping, with the white settlérs, a carnival of debauchery, and to obtain rtiôney, often in large sums, from the most profligate of the settlérs, which they would gene- rally spend as soon as it was obtained in the com-, pound of the whisky-seller^ or accumulât^ to tàke back to theiî* native villages. Shortly beifbre the time of which we are writing, the Bishopric of (^olùmbia was founded by the noble ofifering ifrom^IÇarojiess— then Miss — Burdett . Coutts of the su^ of 25,0^0/. by way of endow^ ment On Dr. Hîîls, the first Bishop, going out in 1860, one of the first obj||:cts to which he directed fais attention Avas the state of the Indians in and near Victoria. His first impressions are thus given : " The tribes hâve much decreased siïice 1846; *Mor.e thari îialf of the Songish are gone— thèse live Jiere ; their destruction is ôccàkroîi^ princjpally by drink and dissolute habits. Those T-* tfiff ♦ ,4i. ilt*" (? ■:à 9 Siiit tu ©ittoria. 73 ■nearest the whités are thJ^Rt Slave^, has i„~ creased; fe^ale slaves an- i„ demand 7 distant tnbes make war upon each other, and bring their ^«"^ae slaves to the market. You wiU ha^ c ed,t ,t, bMt it is strictiy true, women aïe pur-" chased as^ slaves to let them out fr imZral purposes. JV female slave has been known recently to be purchased for 200 donars,(4o/,). The Indians buy their wives, but slaves are more costly. Upon ^found 300 doflars (5o/J, tl^ ^^^ of\ iniquity. There .s a*h,tè man, we trust not an E^Hshinan. ' n«r Langley, who owns such slaves, and hangs OMta s,g„ over his dodr to signify. the horrible m|qu,ty there pursned. An tndiSn n\med Bears'- .sk,nn,akes large, pi-ofitsby the traffic in /emale slaves. The language uttered by Indians is somei Vmes veoT bad, They wiU exclaim ig violeâttSiS» when p„t out; but, to J(.f shan^ the gaflCe in the Enghsh h.„guage,which th^:^ kamed f~n, Engl«hB,eà and An^eris^d^Th^have no oatBs in their own:la,gu«gé| Even the chiéren catch qujckly and usç,têadily thèse horrid sound^. Two Inffan childi-^n w ho c oo ic t t, i^ . Q uiiUay- k ' «hool were^ving togèfliër {^ other day when > " •theoldef,feid to the çther, 'What jtjie bl|l «re .h •^f>- -V ^ ► «. : : hr 74 i&tranger tj^an dTtctîon. you about?' Alas! that their first English woids should be such as thèse." The evil thus described had grb^n tô such a pitch, and had become such a ciying disgrâce, thât the Governor and other leadin^ men in thécolony readily agreed to the Bishop's proposai that somc vigorous effort should be made to |>ut a stop to ît. Thfe influence wl^ich Mr. Duncan had gained with the Indians at Fort Simpson, the fact that he was the onlyperson in the countiy who could speak the native language with any fluehcy. and, above ail, the marked improvement in the manners, and bearing, and religious feeling which had been ob- scrved in the Fort Simpson Indians, ail seemed to pomt to him as theperson of ail others best able to advise or he4p in the matter. Bishop Hills' own impression of the value of Mr. Duncan's work is thus given in one of his early letters: — ** 3^an. i8, i86o.--Art Indian came to call. He looked like a respectable English young man, of pleasing countcnance ; he could speak English a little. Hewas a Tsimsheean, from Fort Simpson. I viaited his Icdge yesterday It was ncat and ■ ^\^»%mk ^Mfc J — L^ Ji » ^— ■ . «Ua» , and haj comf g Us: a n ic 6 stove, ISëdstead^ ,^ there was also a desfc. The wife, named Tarxi ^1 s . ■.'fKr^j neat purf Indian. He"has corne, toTr^dl^ stall. He complairted of the Hyder Jn his lodge-another tribe, more fierce: •l'igllt^lF JJ' ^L.!''^^'""''"^ ^^^-^ ^'' no sleep^^ wife fîigîitened-my littte boy cry/ He told me he prayed. He knew some of the leading points of the Christian faith. He asked for a P^yer IJook. IpromisçdlwouldbringoneA " yan. 31.— I went with Mr. Duncan t^ the Tsim- sheean village. The Indians there come from i4t Simpson to trade. Found the lodge of Clark, to whom I gave the Frayer Book. It was SaturdaV. There were beautiful white loaves of bread, whldi >e had brought home. The whole interior resembled that of a cotter in England on Saturday night. He placedseats. He was pleased with his book. He jbrought out a box with writing books and account books. He writes a good hand. and spells fairly in Enghsh. He repeated the Lord's Pmy<^r in a most révèrent and touching^ way. He coqld tell of the dymg of Christ for us, and safd he loved Christ We had mteresting conversation, in which he evi, j;?atQQlUlka snre. W c ail k udl duwn • ' ^^^ ____ *^-*r-«u Kiicic aown rue pût ] his h^nda togather, made his wife and child do tiie •amc, and I prayed our heavenly Father's blcssing «à^ / < ' ■■ 1 ' ■ 3___ i w' < ;*i"^ J 76 ^tKOKfpt t^kn dFictûm, upon Qur plans, and thèse . Indians^ that JF*e would causé His truth to be known by them,' that ail might be brought to hâve the same hope' anc^ be meet partakers of héaven through His dear Son. I. sec Jahn Clark occasionally at church. This pleasihg resuit is owing a good dtal to the zealous and successful ^xertioris of our Church Missionary Catechïst; Mr. Duncan." Under thèse circ;umstances, the Governor had' urgéd strongly upon Mr. Duncan the service which he wdtild rendcr by-coniing dow»-4o Victoria, an.d advising on the best measures to b^r taken to rescue .^thç Indians from the stâte of dégradation into ' which they^ had fallén. Accordingly, as soon as the great body of his people left Fort» Simpson for their fishiog-grounds, Mr, ]>unpan, after making two expéditions, to which we shall hâve to refe^ hereafter, started.'for Victoria. ' , .v-^*^' On his airiyal there, he at once entèred, with èhJ^ Bishop and the Governor, upon the object of his Visit, and, in deferepceto their strongly expressed Vish, consented tô cemain a sufficient timé to or- ganize a Missionary settlement near Victoria. A public meeting ugoo tiie subject was then ca^ed, and a s ufficient aum rtf miwéj . , u ...:..., i.___ ... ■ , \ A and a sufficient eum of moile}^ liaviiig been 8ttb^ / » .' V scribed to buiid k school-house, Mr. Duncan at^ 1., ,*, f . r»' , vin \ ^A ;/ ■^ H î?i«it to a?ûtom. 77 once entered upon the work of organizing the new Mission, preaching, teaching, and visiting the people • just as at Fort Simpson. Amongst theindians congregated at the new settle- ment were a considérable number belonging to^the Tsimshjfeean andNiskah tribes, who at the close of the fishing-season had corne down for trading purposes Just before starting for Victoria, Mr. Duncan had visited the Niskahs atUeir main camp on theNaas river and as he had been very hospitably and cour- teously received, Captain Prevqst, whose ship was now in harbour, detérmined, by way of returning their hôspitality, to ask some ta^gnty-eight of the chief men of the two tribes tc^ Entertainment ' ^board the «Satellite.» ' After being regaied with nce ^d molasses, strong tea and biscuit, thev were shown over the ship. The si:;^ and weight of the guns, the quantity of pôwder in a cârtridàe.^and . especially a portrait of t^e Queen, ar, enumerated by the Vu^ona Gazette as Ihe .abjects which most" • « the^rwonder and admiratfon.j Thefact.)f ^ their being invited.on J,oard a t^of-war was a ^ compliment which , th^y. evidentfy much appre^ . " ciated, and 4 II thf more Jroa^_th c syii uf luyL ■' nous dread wîth which they had befor^ regarded ' «.ch vessds. As an a.|^gmen^ J ^^.^ ^ïaHât 'J ^ d" • ■ '•'1 ■ ' ■ * n " «JK» 1! / .• > 'c^ -,&. «i ^ v. ^ ! 1 . 78 dttanstv t^an Jtiction^ sensé of the kindness shown to.them,„they insisted onpresenting to Captaîn Prévost severaL haijàsome lgt€ar, ermine, and other skins. It maynot^be amiss hère todraw attention to the importance of such a'simple effort as the above to strengthenthe hands-pf tjiose engaged in Mission work. Who cannot imaginé the taies which the favoured few who had been the guests of the great chief of the English nation on board one of her owB*^ips would hâve to tell round their camp- jd how much of the prestige of the whole buld belong to him to whosê influence they 'naturally attribute the fact of their b^ing so courteously treated ? ' ' ^ English governors and officiais are Happily ni>w- a-days seldom backward in doîng ail in l^hèmpowei to aid the Missionary clei^y ; but it irfey weÛ be doubted whether many realize as fiJly as those staunch friends of, ail Columbia Mis^on work, Sir James Douglas and Captain Prevp^, the extrême value of the indirect support which in. such ways as the above may so often be accorded them. Early in August, a long-looked-for coadjutor in the work at Fort Simpson— the Rev. L. S, Tugwell— . ArfJ ve dat Victoria iromEn glan d, and it was decided^^ y that Mr. Duncan should go up thcre with him and fcv*'- - '■■■ / i '-^'.. hi ■ \ 't'^^*'^^ i.'/i. «.»f«it ta tBUtatia. 79 settle him in his work, and thbn^turn himself.and a^Victona. Acœrdingly, on^.jth of Augps.. Mr Duncan started with Mr.^d Mrs. TugweUïn a steamer for Fort Simpson. On their w^ they toujhed at Fort Rupert, „he,« the Indians '^Z Joud m theircomplaintsof a whiteteadjerhavine sheean tnbes beyond them. and were most urgent ■" "•""■ '^"î""' to hâve a Missionao^ set«ed amongst them as soon as possible c,H?L"ri""^ "' ''"^ ^™P^°"- Mr. Duncan de- cded not to return to Victoria by the same steamer as he had purposed, but to remain for a short timé wth Mr. and Mrs. Tugwell, and to go down agal m a canoë, a plan which would enable him to visit ,thevar,ous Indian settlements along the coast, at wh.ch .t would otherwise'have been impossible for h.m to stop. Happily, however, before he was ready.to start, he received a letter from the Bishop, nformmg h,m to his great relief, that a cle,^ma^ to dévote h,mself to the Indian work at Vi^ ' -ne first impressions made upon a new^mer as to the progrès^ up to this time of the work at Fort r \ * ♦ %■ / ■ ' '' . - ', ' , *, ' %' . / ^ ■ ■ ' ' > i' a- \ \ _> ^ , «8» • ' . . > ■ 1 ^ " , i i 1 1 > ". ' / 1 ■ ' ■ ■ ^ , "-'v ^ /'■ ft -'». - 1 ' f .: . ^- ■ / i: : t ' ( ^ — '-^o'- / 4; , , / '■ ' , r ■■ / ' llk / ^. ■v. 0^ & 41 . \\ ♦ lî» Q f^ iMAQE Evaluation TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe // ,.<» .^ / fe" V, Sdenœs Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N. Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 A ..■fe .<^ Fa^ '^. '\ ,r • r + 7 1 ■ • ,- 1 , ' • % • :^/\ » * 7 >-■ * ■ • «• •^ 1» ' '^^ -■i.i,,;. ' ,> .,,^,# .Sï; .^.., ,^. « . '.. ■ , ■■ .le. 8o dtrattaer ti^an dTûtwn. •«f Simpson are thus conveyed in a letter from Mr Tugweli:— - ^V " How I wish," he writes, " the friends of Missions in England could see Mr. Duncan's congrégation on the Sunday. The^ would indeed ' thank God, and take courage.' ;l|Jhave never seen an English congrégation more ordefly and attentive. With but few exceptions, both the chiYdren and adults coftie clean and neatly dressed. The chiidren sing several hymns very sweetly— a morning and even- ing hymn, composed by Mr. Duncan ; a hymn to . our Saviour ; and another, beginning, 'Jésus is my Saviour,' 'Hère we suffer grief and pain,' &c', and some others in English; aiso one in Tsimsheean. The Indians ail up the coast are crying out for teachers : * Corne over and help us.' " Writing about the same time, Mr. Duncan ur- gently presses the necessity for more men being sent out, especially urging that.with each Missio- nary clergyman should be sent a Missionary school- master, able to teach some industrial occupation, with a view to finding employment for the Indians, and thus keeping them from that " sink of corrup- tion," Victoria. ^^There should he," he writes, " six stations north - % of Fort Rupert : one for the Tsimsheean, one for *!*' ■ \.,. adjacent n,ai„la„d> ^"P*'*^ ^"^ o„e on the «ay yet stir the hearta..f f^' °"" '*''°"" »<"ne portion of them te i 1 '' *° "^«"«te créatures?' ^' ""^ *« ^e'fare of His ^ t ■tt), % o issttautea;'*,..:.' 4 • -' .... \, CHAPTER VIL BUILDING UP. w N Mr. and Mrs. Tugfwell joining Mr. Duncan at Fort Simpson — the Hud- son's Bay Company . being no longer able to offer the requisite accommoda- tion— it became, necessary to commence at once to build a dwelling-house. 'î' > dÉ^ For a payment of a shilling a-day s!!i||fccient number of native workmen were obtaii\éd, and by the end of February, 1861, the foundation of the house was laid, the planks ad«ed, ànd the frame ready for putting up. Towards the end of Feb- ruary Mr. Duncan was absent for some weeks on a visit to Victoria, and on hîs return found the house finished, and Mr. and Mrs. Tugwell already located in it As it had been built on a plan " to accom- modate Indians," it was decided that, during the gummer months, when the school would be small i and the congrégation on Sunday would seldom « toJi ■' • î iJ ';. ■■ ■. -i .rf "'■■ ...>. school-house. ' "'''"'' °' '" "-e old quired m the winter, préparations were next • -^ . ^ucung and squarinp- thf r*» r^/ ' ^"^ ^^s estimated to cost 50/., a considei'able nortinn ^f u- u ^cHbed b. ..e India jrrseltlT J^^; were always saleàBIe at Victoria. ôwTng t!te "STr '"'"^ the sucrer the Zi* • the y«Br (,«6i), by whi ch time Mr.Buncan-*„ to Jabour single-handed. • P^'^' \ . ' G a !^iIâ»>ilAZZ£t ^^ ,f »\ ■i VV;. 84 ôtrariao: tffan ffiction. \r On the W day of opening the new school- house, upwakds of 400 Indians were présent, the largest numbei\ which, up to this time, liad ever attended one seWice. One object of the présent narrative is, as far as possible, to enable\those who may be engaged in any work of a kindrèd character to form an opinion as to the advantages a\d disadvantages of tie par- ticular methods adopted>and to contrast the results attained with thôse whicK they hâve themselve^, known to fdHow efforts made\under conditions more or less similar. With this View, and especialljKJn order to register as accurately as possible the exten^ of the progress made at particular periods, we mustagain, at the risk of seeming tedious, dwell separàtely on the différent influences brqught to bear upon thèpeopl^^î? especially preaching, school-work, visiting the sick^ and constant Personal intercourse with Jndivid,u^ members df the community. ' During the whole of the Winter i86o-5i the attendance at the Sunâày services' was most en- Jtouraging— the congrégation always numbering ïrom aoo to 300. The strings of well-dressed Jndiansjrping to and jrom their h o m e s had^^-<>cfy home-Uke, English look, and, as was constantijr '■:if- JSuilïmg; oip. * '^^'"arked by the officers at the fort, served more , almost than a„y thing else to mark the cha^ !„ «t m. There were always three services on the myers and a hymn, and a portion of Scripture read and explained, ail i„ Tsimsheean, made un the serv,ce. which gene:.lly lasted a.;ut three quarters of an hour. But Mr. Duncan by no n,ea„s confined his preachmg to Sundays. True, he could hereTpeak to^those who would ..«. ^ ,,.«, b„t he wanted to get at au, especally at those most committed to least hkely to come to any regular services. Hère are some notes made from his ioumal wh.ch wiU show the plan he from time to tTm to«S^' "'*'-D«'<'«l to call each tribe to slllT ?'?r*''^' ^ "^"^ *°»" "<" corne to sdiool oi- chareh. First went to- tribe of head c .ef call/d Heeshpokahlots. Gpt there tte oclock. ^ound a laige fi.^ _,aad magy ^ -:«^ / — o~ '«y., oiiu liiany round i» ^ n^tly arranged, and a seat placed for me Spoke ty .00 for two hou«. Many answered. «V. ■ . / 86 Ôtifanger t|^aii ffiction. •'^ V 3^an. 8/^.— Addressed Kitlahn tribe. 200 pré- sent. Spoke at length. Many replies. Children ^ng Tsimsheean hymn. " 7an. 9//i.-4fîsited Keetseesh tribe 150 pre- ^serit. Several spoké. One chief said, *Our fore- ^iathers did not hâve the book sent to them ; it has >ome to us, and our children will understand it.' Children sang hymns. "!^an. 10/^.— Visited smallest tribe, Keetsah- clahs. Eightypreseijt. No replies. Chief young, and no old men, or leading minds. " yan. ii/>i.— Visited Keetandol tribe. 200 pré- sent. "3^an, 12/-^.— Visited Keenahtawik tribe. 150 présent. Several responded. " !^an. i4/'y&.— -Visited Keenakangeak tribe. An- swered their speeches. A prolonged meeting. 'l^an. i7/>i.--Visited Killotsah tribe. 150 présent. "3^an. 2oth (Sun4ay).— In evening visited Keet- willgeeant's tribe. 150 présent. " Thus i4ofe^ Jndians hâve had the Gospel pro- claimed to thenl." Visiting the sîck afforded another constantly recurring opportunity of preaching. Hère, again, a few notes of Mr.Duncaa'sjomaal wm «erve best-= to illustrate the course adopted ; ' ri ^" , ÏÏuiïiïtng tip. 87 V ''Dec. ^th, 1860.— Visitfed and prâyed with three sick persons. As I linelt, an Indian of another tribe came in. When \ left, ^le followedrme, and said that the man I hàd been praying with had spoken much against nie and the Mission. Told him of the Christian law^ to return good for evil. "Dec.iitk, i86o.-Last night, as I was leaving' school, a young man, a scholar, asked me to visit and give the news to ihis friends. They were ashamed to come. Went. Ten persons présent. Gospel preached. ■\- "Dec. 12/^.— Went at night to visit sick wôman. Thirty persons round the fire. Waited opportu- nity, and preached to them. Ail impressed. Onç man, holding both hands out before him, gaveîfe sudden turn over, saying, ' Thus it will be with th^" hearts of the Tsimsheeans.', Old chief sat with eyes on the ground ; listened to what was said about the rum-drinking, immorality, &c., and then repeated what I said to the rest. Visited a sick woman. She had heard and understood about God and Christ. Gave her and her friends simple ppyers. On leaving, came on a lai^e medicine party making a f urious noise. They saw my lan. _ tem âpproaching, and b^ran to restrain their .^hubbub, then sneafced away betweèh two houses, î- 88 Ôtranger tÇan dTwtton. anngyed at my ! not being #raid of them. An ' Indian would as saon.face dea^h as go near thèse créatures when tl|e|y are ' éxhititing/;' As he gained the confidence oHËê people, Mr. Duncan found th^ knowled^^ of medicine i^hich he possessed of material service in securing l^im a cordial welcome t^ many houles to which he could not otherwise hâve gained su.^j nounce." " But of ail otheç work, that qf direct instruction în the sçlwol continued to occupy the'^largest share of attention. The following extracts from a journal, kept by a boy named Shooquanahts, of between ' fqurteen and fifteen ye^rs of âge, given" to Mr. Duncan on his return from Victoria, will serve to illuSt^rate the progress ^Iready made with the younger pupils : — "No good lazy— very bad. We must learn to make ail things. When we understand reading and \ writing, then it will be very easy. Perhaps two grass, then we understand. If we no understand- to read and write, then he will vèty ângry, Mr.' Duncan. If we understand about good .people, then he wijl very happy. -^ "Apitl lyt/t. Schooï; Fort Simpson. —Shoo- ■ quanahts not two hearts^not always one my heart. ' Some boys always two hearts: Only one Shoo- quanahts— no^ two hearts— no. iFl steal any thing then God will s^. Bad people no care about Son of God. When will .corne troubled hearts, foolish peo- ple. Then he will very much cry. * What good cry ? JJothing.I>JrL£ar£ about QurSaviour; always forgefe •^ / ■ ^ '^K KA J «uiïtttnj up. 91 "May,i'jtk-~l âo n3^ndérstand some prayers -only féw prayer§ I understand. Not ail I urider- stand^no. I wishto understand ail pi^yers^ When I understand ail iJfkyers. then I always prayer our Saviouj Jesuà^Çhrist. I want to le^n to prayer to Jésus Chnst o\r Sàviour. By-and-by I under- stand ail abQut our Savîour Christ. When I under- stand âll what about our Saviour, then I will happy when I die. If I do not laarn about our SavkTur Jésus, then I will very troubled my., hçart when' l die.^ It is good for us when we learn about çur ' Savmur Jésus. When I un'derstand about our ^aviour Jésus, then I willArery happy when I die " /nother of the boys writes in his joum'al •-" If I steal, the great God sees me'. Bad people no care about the Son of God. By-and-by they will' cty, btit no good. Foolish people. By-and-by they will understand about the Saviour; they always forget^ now." 'S The gênerai attendante at school averaged from 100 to 150, 5f whom from 40 to 50 were adults. The latter Mr. Duncan continually kept back, after thorest of the school was dismissed, and addressed tnem separately. \ \. ^j ■ ■^ I fcast waé held, when some 350 were present-soup, . /-f .•| .■^%. «J . ^> 92 étranger t^an dFiction. A rice, and mélasses forming the chief of the pro- visions ; and speechés and games forming a promi- nent part of the proceedings. It is perhaps Jardly necessary to say that whilsf teaching the people, young and old, to be devout and earnest, Mr. Duncan seems at ail times to hâve been keenly alive to the advantage of encouraging every rational and cheerful amusement, especially amongst the young. Gymnartic bars, swings &c to say nothing of marbles and bail, are reported as being in as much request as they could be in any Enghsh school. ^ Personal intercourse with individuals was another source of influence which Mr. Duncan seems never to hâve lost any opportunity of bringing to bear. On several occasions, when making an expédition to some native settlement on the coast. or to the fishing-station on the Naas river, he would seïect for the crew of his canoë those whom for any particular cause he was anxious to see more of. Every evening he would choose some spécial subject from the Bible for instruction and conver- sation, always concluding with singing and prayer O n such occa sion s ail the surrounding scènes woulH 1«Jp materially to KSd effect to j,,, teaching. The mightyworks of God, spread out and piled 'l ^' . ' ' f ^? ; it'"f ÎSuilbmfl tip. 93 up on eveo. hand-the brilliam stars just diluting the darkness sufficiently to showthe forms of the lofty mountams around them-the glare of their fire col tostmg w.th the dark shadows of the dense forests wh.ch ran almost down ^the water-s edge-^e murmunng of the wav^serving to br^k the profound qufet-an helped to act upon the n, nd and to inspire feeUngs of révérence " shall hnd borne again and again to the more earnest of the Indian converts. Who shallsay to , how great an extent this fact may be traced to the examp e which has been thus consistently set before them ? ■^^. Thegreatestdifficultywasexperienced in dealing with thé elder girls. The evil influence of a heathen home and parents, and the association with depraved Europeans, seemed, in most cases, to counteract every influence for good which could be brought to bear upon them. Many upon whom much pains had been bestowed, and some of whom had been hvmg at the Mission-|iouse under Mrs. Tugwell's care for so m e time, wcrc ^ntuaHy drawB into ffi T^ vortex of vice and lost. "Others," Mr. Duncan wntes, I am happy to say, give me great hopes ii1f' 94 étranger t^an ffiction. / that they will maintain a consistent walk: as their case needs spécial watchfulness, I deem it my duty to take them under my spécial care. I see no better plan than taking a number into my house, feeding, clothing, and instructing them, until they find hus- bands from among the young men of our own party. I calculate the cost of one child per year to be 7/. or 8/., viz. 5/. or 6/. for food, and 2/. for clothing. I shall do my utmost out of my own income, and try to get help from other quarters." We shall hâve to note hereafter the high testimony borne by the Bishop of Columbia to the complète success of the \plan thus adopted. \ The next source of influence to be noticed is one ot\ spécial interest, and carries us at once from me^ly preliminary ^efforts to the actual work of "building ^p in the faith" individual converts. "What I re^rd," says Mr. Duncan, "as the most interesting part ôf my duty is the two weekday evejging meetings for the Christians and candidates, or inquirers, whom I press mpré especially to attend ; but occasionally in my Sunday addresses I alludeto our. meeting, and invite those to attend who désire to practise what they hear. At our last iireëtragwêlïmhBef ed ôver ibrt y: "TTiésë meétîngs~ hâve encouraged me much, and hâve given me ■;ï'i. . îilk^v^.iV...... ■.V.l...<^., <;ÂiiBJ^ ^s ÎBuilBtng up. 95 opportunities.of pressing home the Word of Gd in a way I could not do on any other occasion." The first real gathering out from amongst the heathen of tho^e who were ready to make open profession of their faiè took place on July 36th i«6i, on which day 23 persons (19 adults-14 men' 5 women-and 4 children) were baptized by Mr/ Tugwell. Several others camé forward, but it was decided that it would be best for them to wait awhile. Others were deterred by the fear of their relatives. Writing of the newly-baptized, Mr. Duncan say^, "Smce thèse hâve come fairly out, there has been more of a persecuting spirit abroad from the Lord's enemies. This we may expect to increase. The converts are severely tried and tempted at présent, but we pray they may be preservedVaith- ful. While some hâve decided, and many-^in- creasmgly many-are anxious ; others~the wicked -wax worse and worse. Drunkenness seems to gather strength as the facilities for it increase. Mr. Tugwéll was quite satisfied with those he baptized. Bless the LordTor this small begin- !/.. Thus we hâve seen the foundation laid, and the superstructure begin to rise upon it. mâJ^-^'A .< '..^^I-.:-.,'^^ V^,; ■ .'\, 96 ôtranger t^jan ffictUm, What the nature of the foundation has been we hâve sufficiently indicated. "Other foundation can no man lay than that is Iai{i,even Jésus Christ," seems to hâve been pre-eminently the principl'e upon which, as a true Missionary— " a wise master builder"— Mr. Duncan from the first proceeded in hiswork. "Jésus Christ and Him crucified ;" ail the historical facts of our Lord's life and death, the causes which led to, and the results which followed from, the "one all-sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction for the sins of the wholé world," offered by Christ upon the cross ; thèse had been, so t© speak, the materials ceaselessly thrown m amongst the quicksands of ignorance and superstition, which would otherwise hâve baffled ail hope of erecting any solid superstructure upon them. It is difficult, in a narrative like the présent, to convey any sufficiently adéquate idea of the un- tiring persévérance with which Mr. Duncan seems thus to hâve made his preaching and teaching rest upon and centre round the great facts of the history of man's rédemption. Line upon line, precept upon precept, in season, and, as some would hâve thought, ^ut^ scason, liie^me tfaémë was evidentîy re- garded as the one only motive-power which could be SutUitns up. 97\ brought to bear With any reasonable hope of a suc- cessful resuit attéfiding it. This alone— the inhérent magnetism of the, Cross, as set forth in the words, "Anà I, if I be lifted up, will draw ail men unto Me"— the conStraining power, which thé Holy Spirit ever brings to bear upon those before whosé eyes Christ has been evidently set forth crucified amongst them— was the influence brought ,to bear. If our narrative accurately reflects the impression which a study of the original documents upon which it is based would certainly leave upon the mind, it may well suggest some such inquiry as this— May not the failure of many preachers of the Gospel in foreign parts be due mainly to the fact that, whilst they hâve nôt consciously held back any of the great central truths of the Gospel history, they hâve very often failed to realize sufficiently the exceeding difficulty of bringing, those truths home to the minds of the heathen ; and ' thus, instead of feeling thàt the hardness of the soil to be worked upon, and its préoccupation by every form of error, must necessarily involve great and .4>grse vering eff orts to^ cl e ar the g r ound, and get below the surface to lay the only foundation which can be laid, they hâve been content to impart \ '\'' r vl 98 S^tranqtt t^an dTîction. a mère superficial and often very partial and im- perfect knowledge of fundamental truths, and so^ hâve begun to build the superstructure — the gold and silver and precious stones of sound doctrine an<î holiness bf life — ^without really having laid ahy }lld foundation at ail ? \ f- \ • f-. #■ ». , /' \ :0{(tIapatla||. lOI «And now, permît me humbly to suggest how I think Christian effort ought to be directed. At - once, I sây, a colony ought to be established on some spot where industiy would be taj^ight and rewarded, and where intoxicatin|f drinks sfiould be excluded: such a spot exists (the Indians are \ frequently talking about it' to me) about thirty miles from herè ; and a goodly band of well-dis- posed Indians, I feel sure, are ready to engage, hand and heart in the Work ; and, several adults, who look upon their own case as hopeless, are ex- ceedihg'ly anxious about their children. They désire to hand them over to me (or, to use their own worcjs, to £ive them to me), to teach and bring up in my way, which, they see, is good. Now, if ; such a place as I hâve spoken of were «stablished, then we mighl; reasonably expect the Gospel tree to take root, and, when once root^ed, it would spread forth its branches''of peace on every side^ until ail the land basked under its shadow. If no such place is established, thèn, I fear, I must live and see the dear children I hâve taught d'estroyed before my eyes." After-events had only t ende d to streng then the opinion hère expressed, and to develope additionl^ ' reasons for acting upon it Jhese latter may be thus statéd :-^ "1- ■■ ni. >v. '.''V *1 «S^^i^V^Ul 'l'js i^iMUiMtS, ^1 'in ■Si"' loa âtranjpr t^on ^Fiction. ..^^ 1. The diacovery of gold in tlie northera districts of British Coluœbia promised to attract a Ui^e mining population to thé neighbourhood, m?ny oê ' whom would make their head-quarters at Fçrt Simpson. a. The sea frontage at Fort Simpson was so crowded that nô new houses could be built 3. There wafi no available land for garden pur- posesajid industrial ti:aining for the young. 4. The proposed settlement would be central fôr six tribes qf Ind^ speàking the Tsimsheean tongue, while it would be near enough to Fort Simpson to enable a constant intercourse to be kept up between the two places. 5. The Christian Indians were most anxious to escapé from the sights and thraldom ôf hea- thenism, and from the persécution conséquent upon their having to live ih thé with heathen and drankards. 6. School operati^is would be MHpHPbre featisfactoiy footing, as the impârt^g^ secular knowledge would thus bé Jimited to those who had embraoed the Gospel, whereas the sowing it broad- long heathen who, having heard, had re- Ckiipeli- seemed to MrrDaacas KkefyT^ in mui|f^eviL ' - imç houses 'éf fiaOsaSKiirt,;. »-' «rf"* •■<*» .4X'' V". ^t y ^etIa||itatU|. 103 "AU we want/* says Mr/Duncan, in summing up. the arguments for thc^^proposed effort, " is GocPs favour and blessîng, and then we may hope to build up, in His good time, a model Christian viK lage, reflecting ligUt aûd radiating heat tb ail the spiritually dark and .dead masses of humaoity around us.'** With a ^ew to carrying this plan into effect, Mr. Duncan had already made his Jîrst visit of inspec- tion to the proposed site of the new station, in May, 1860, just before going down. to Victoria. Going back to this point in our narrative, wé musft now describe this visit. Leaving îhe school at Fort Simpson in charge of two of the elder boys, Mr. Duncan started in a canoë, with a crew of three boys and, ten young men. He found the distance to beabout twenty miles. About noon on the seéond day theyarrived in the beautifu^/channel of Metlahkatlah, three or fotir miles longwn which were situated the sites of . this villages originally oçcupied by the Tsimsheeans, before they had been induced to move for trading purpoMS tp Fort Simpson, which, as affording j^e most convenient place of call for the sailtng ■mm vessel^ had been selected by the Hudson's Bay Company as th^îr chief trading-depôt on the coast . ^ ^^ '-t ''vAJI*^ * 'J-^i'* . I tt, \s ^-4trW> 104 étranger t^an dTutism, But we must let Mr. Duncan hère tell his own story: — * "Maj. 2nd, i86o.-These villages hâve been deserted about twenty-five years, and the few re- mains still standing consist of massive uprightsand horizontal beams of the chief houses, which are now so rotten that I could easily push my walking- stick through many of them. I could see that the houses hâve been large, and, in some cases, orna- mented by an ugly wooden figure, set up on ea«l of the front corners. I saw, too, that several of the houses hâve been ?unk ten or twelve feet, to afford protection during war. ; " I landed, and viewed the sceneiy from several points, and oh, how lovely did it appear! A nar- row placid channel, studded with little promon- tories and pretty islands ; a rich verdure, a waving forest, backed by lofty but densely-wooded moun- tams ; a solemn stillness, broken only by the cries of flocks of happy birds flying over, or the more musical notes of some little warbler near at hand But how strangely did ail this contrast with the * sad reflections which the histoiy of savage hea- thenism suggests I The thought that evpry f^. ^f -gïôûnd that I trod upon had been stained with horrid crime, that every Ifttle creek was associated .A Il i.!Af...v'.ï'»t;.-. .'*!... ■i»Sii- J.\*k iBttU^iiatU% 165 with some dark tragedy, and those peaceful waters had oft been stâined with hutalan bloôd, made my feelings soon change from delight to gloom. What would, indeed, those rocks unfold if ail th^horrid yells and cries of anguish thèy hâve echoed were but written ? or who can even faintly paint the scènes of savage riot committed on thèse beaches when bloodthii-sty marauders hâve retumed witli human heads for booty ? "The number of soûls left is abdut a hundred. Their proper vîUàge, which I can see from hère, is quite deserted, and will be for a few months. The chief at the head of this party înyïted ine into hii housé, and also ail his principal men, to feast with me. He complained of having bad health, and no wonder, for I found out that he is a çannibal by profession, one of the horrid gang who, in the win- ter months, awe and astonish the tribe by hunting for, exhuming, and eating corpses." Mr. Duncan's address ^oncluded, supper was served. It consisted of three courses— boiled dried halibut, herring spawn, and broiled seû-weed with fish grease (the lat ter delicacy is a staple article of Hbod anrongsr^the Tndiàns, and oiie Siàm resùlt of the annual fishing expédition, boxes of it being ranged round the walls of eveiy Indian house). At ^^M>u«Màkiiiù!i.i i&.. '" ^'••îpv^'^ f'wmjr"-, io6 étranger tfian JfUtion. seven p.m. Mr. Duncan asked the chief to invite so0e more of the people into his house, and again addressed them. This time the women also at- tended. ,s^ The next moming, the wind being favourable, the Indians were ail hard at work pulling down their houses, and lading their canoës, ready to start to their fishing-station. They had been waiting some days for a fair wind, and if Mr. Duncan had been a few days later in visiting them, not a soûl would hâve been left. The next visit to Metlahketlah was made in the autumn of the same year, shortly after his retum from Victoria, when he spent a fortnight, helping and directing a number of Indians, whom he took with him, in clearing and draining the proposed site for the new village. The latter step was taken under the impression — to which we hâve already alluded— that in the course of the summer of 1861 Mr. Tugwell would be able to move to the new station ; but this was not to be ; the moisture and constant rains, which were the chief feature of the climate at Fort Simp- M^, hav i ngbeforft tha t time told ao prcjudicially - V-^j,j> ^ t upon his health, that he was obliged to make im liùsSi ÉiÀ~f, M\ #•! » .B -Atâkii 'r'^>!v^iF^i^ aw^^KP-vF-- '^yy^^ T^'-¥-'°"'' ^. ;^etla|)batla)). 107 médiate arrangAnents for returning to Eng- land'. Mr. Tugwell's departure not only involved the postponement of the proposed removal until the spring of the following year (1862), but feft Mr. Duncan no alternative but to revert to his original idea of going himself to the new settlement. », The climate of this part of British Columbia is thus described by Mr. Duncan in one of his earliest letters :-l " Rain is the chief feature of the weather hère. Out of laS days which I hâve spent hei|e, only forty-nine hâve been fair, or entirely free from rain ; and I may add, that by far the greatest number of those days on which it rains at ail it rains nearly the whole day. We had no snow hère till â^e b^nning of January, and since then about fifty inchés hâve fallen. Thç vireather has been, on the whole, remarkably mild. It is now the last week in Februaty, and we hâve not had bver twenty -cold days during the winter. AU this is accounted for by the fact that the prevailing wind hère is from the south-east, jVhich is the retum current of the north-east trade wind, falling in (his latitude, and comiiig, loaded with moisture and warmth, from the tropics. Our being also just to the west of a high range of mountains has naturally to do with our having so much rain during the year." The climate at Fort Simpson is the more remarkable, from the contrast which it affonte to that of the districts lying a few miles in- land. On the Naas river, for instance, thirty or forty miles inland, the snow lies for months, and the only travelling is on the frowii rivers, along which a winter track is generally formed in the snow. -1 -1., ChApter IX. A TJME OF TRIAL. Si. [ATER on in the wintèr which succeeded Mr. Tugwell's departure (1861-62), Mr. Durican comménced constant meetings of those who were inclined to move With him to Metlahkatlah, and strongly impressed upon them the necessity of framing some régula- tions of a social nature to be adopted in the new Village. The foUowing were the rules eventually laid down, indicating the /easf required of ail who Wished to jt)In the neW settlement : ' I. To give up their « Ahlied," or Indian devilry ; a. To cease calling in conjurors when sick ; 3. To cease gambling; 4. To cease giving away their property for display ; 5. To cease pâinting their faces; 6. To ceâse dnnkîng into;cicating drink ; 7»-Tq r es t o n Uc Sabb at h • & T9^ a t tend rel igioor- instruction ; 9. To send their çhildren to school ; 10. To be cleanly ; 11. To be industrious; 13. To ^r-^'^^-'f 9 Cîine ùl CrtaL 109 be peaceful ; 13. To be libéral and honest in trade; T4. To build neat houses; 15. To pay the village tax. . By the lath of May, i86z, everythingwas jn readi- ness for the move. Mr. Duncan then commenced puUing down the large school-house and form- ing the materials into a raft, which, two days later, hesent»^ to the new site. Before any further préparations wei^ completed, a canoë arrived from Victoria announcing that small-pox had broken out there, and that many Tsimsheeans had died. Next day several other canoës followed, bringing moum- fui intelligence of the virulence of the disease, which prevailed even amongst those who had thus fled from it, having carried off many of their num- ber during the voyage. Mr. Duncan had previously determined to pay a farewell visit to each tribe separately, and he there- fore spent the next few days in visiting from house to house, an4 addressing the tribes assembled in their chiefs' houses. In spite of the great ittiprovement which had taken place, ^ large proportion of the Indians still ^ntiiîûêa^stèèpèrmdrunkenness and heathenism' But the struggle involved by the abandonment of heathenism was by no means wholly an outward / u^u '*^'&Al, kr ^ . ,„!,.'>*.', , 4i- \-ll& V ! ,H*l<4fit / i'-v IIO ôtrattfler é§îlfi iFic tï t. one,'*if indeed mainly sô. To n^any the surreil- dering. tlieir national custôms, ceasing to give away, tear up, and receive blankets, &c., fçr display, dropping their demoniacal rites, which had hitherto ^nd for âges fiUed up their time aiid engrossed ail their care diiring 90 many months of the year, giying up the cérémonies performéd over the sick, laying aside gambling, and ceasiitg to paint their faces, was like cutting off the right hand or pluck- ing out the right eye. Still, so niany had alreàdy made thèse sacrifices, aiîd had borne so well the persécutions in which they had involved them, that many others were now more thail half inclined to follow their example. The présence of so terrible a disease, and the dread o£ its spreading amongst them, naturally gave additional weight to the eamest warnings addressed to them, and it was évident that many who had hitherto *• 1 J. •) ' 'M^ p- * Cime ot Criai. XII tmg down and watching the departure with sftemn and anxious faces, whilst not a (ew were éamest in their protestations of their intention- to follow very shortly. "Aswepushedoff," writesMr.uDuncan, " the party with me seemed fiUed with soifemn joy, feehng that their long-looked-fbr flitting had ac^ tually commenced. I fdt that we were bôginning an eventful page in the histoiy of this poor people and earnestly sighed to God for His help and blessing." ; ; By two p.m. |he next day, the little fleet of ianoJs arrived safely at its destination. They fbund tli Indians who had corne on before with the raft har^ at work clearing ground and sawing pla«ks. Witli the exception of a few heavy beams they^hal already carried ail the raft from the beach, erecteè two temporary houses, and planted a quantity o( potatoes. f For the next few days ail were actively engagea in selecting and marking out^ si^s for the gardens and houses, and making the requisite preparatioË* for building and planting, whiist every night thev "^'!l"!Î'^!^1^^PP^ fa mij^-for si nging and^ "pra^r,-- rar. X)uhcan addreSsing them "oneach occasion from some portion of scriptural truth suggest^ed by the events of the day." / M \ p*! »i«o* f TI3 étranger t^m dftction. But the effect of Mr. Dunc^n's parting exhorta- tions, aiïd the fruits of ail his previous work at Fort Simpson, had yet, it seeftned, to appear. On the 6th of June, to the great joy of ail, a fleet of about thirty canoës, whîch were at once recognized as coming from Fort Simpson, made their appear- ance. They proved tgr. contain some 300 soûls, forming nearly the whole" of the tribe Keetlahn, with two of their chiefs. Hitherto, it seemed, the small-pox had not spread, as was expected. A few days later, how- evtr, another canoë arrivèd, bringing tidings which cast a heavy cloud over ail. The disease was spreading rapidly, and had already taken a fearful hold of the camp. Further tidings only served to confirm the anxious fojebodings which this intelligence created. For a time the Indians had " sought refuge in their charms and lying vanities." They dressed up their houses with feathers and rind of bark stained red ; they sang their heathen songs, and kept the rattles of their conjurors perpetually going. But ail thèse * deceits proved of no avàil ; several of the charmers fe l l a prey to t h e d i se as e , an d d eath and désolation spread far and wide. Amongst those ivhich were foremost in resorting l|M^^*W^^<\^'^'&ij-<- ^ê K Sr Cime ol Criai. 113 to every superstitious observance was the tribe of the head chief Legaic. \For a time îts members had gone almost unscathed, a fact which filkd their conjurors with pride and boasting words, and caused r littleperplexity to those who had partly shaken ôff their heathen superstitions. When, however, .-the disease did seize upon them, the veiy practices to which they had resorted, by increasing the un- healthiness of their dwellings, seemed to give it double poA^ër/and in the end the tribe suffered far more than any other. I^ the whole camp, the total number of deaths wasno fewer than 500, or more than one-fifth of the entire population. Many now began to flee ; but ,t was too late, as the scourge accompanied tiiem Those who had been more or less impressed by Mr. Duncan's teaching, and many eveîT of the declared heathen, now came ciying ïn great fear to the new colony Amongst the latter was the head chief Legaic Thoroughly humbled by the mis- fortunes which had fallen upon him, and the loss of so large a part of his tribe, he resisted every effort whicli was made to detain him at Fort Simpspn , and virt uaHy retiring fiom Uie ch iei tain- ship of the Tsimsheeans, he éettled down with his wife and daughter at Metlahkatlah, and becamc .Jilriïatej/ Sav, '>aV«iï%'.^ ,j/un,- j-li .'t_js^,, ,i,» A X <ï4 dtronfftr t|ati d^ktiaii. frpm this tiniie fprwarçî' çne of Mr. Duncan's most^ cfiMnest an(J active supporters. The p^inCul c^nxiety conséquent upoa the'^ncer- tainty hpw far thç infection was still likely ta aj^read was greatly iitcrç^^ed, in Mr. Duncan's casey % the difficulty which he felt in deàling with thoi who ' thus fled tQ him fropi Fprt Simpson. " For the s^fety of thbse with mç," hç writes, " I was obliged to be very cautious îq receiving any fresh coiïiers i j^çd some t could nçt rçççive ^t ail. For the temporal and spiritual VWfare of my own people, who were cUnging tp me iJke tîmid childrçn, I w^ kept ii\ constant labour ^n^ pressing anxiety. The heavinesa which I felt I cannot describe. Peath stared us m the face on ^very Imnd. But, God rememberfsd us in the day ojf pur ç^la- mity." During the whole summer the effeçt pf the death ^nd desolatio^ which prev^ijled on ^U sides exer- cised a mpst depressing influençç uppn the nçw settlement, and prevçntçd the Indiî^ns frpm thrpw- ing themselves with spirit into the work of building, or eyen of laying up the requisite stores of provi- <• aions for the wiijtçr; and it w^ only as thp autumn .^ame pnr and ail fp ar of th e^iseas? cpntinuipg t< >r — spçe^d subsided, that any real prpgress wa? m^P \^ "V '■'• ', - M 9 Crmt of. €HàL »'5 'V in the various works which wcre so absoluteïy essential to their yery existence. Re^ewing this period of trial, Mr. Duncan say»>- I hâve gratefuUy to acknowledge God's sparms mercy to us as a village. We had only five faS cases amongst those who originaUy left Fort Simp- ^ ^««w^th me, ,„d^reeof thèse deathswerecausS by attending to sick relatives who came to us after taking the diseuse." , Nor were the,^ wanting reasons for encourage- ment and thankfulness arising from the conduct of those amongst the earlier convertsVho fell under ttTfr^'c"^'^" Here,e.g.,istl,erecordof the death of "Stephen Ryan," one of those who were fost baptized at Fort Simpson by Mr. Tug. " He died in a most distressing condition as far as the body is concerned. Away from every one whom he loved. in a little back hut on a Tocky beach just beyond tl^e reach of the tide, which no one of his relatives or fnends dared to approach cxcept^the one who nursed him: in this damp'^ lowly, distressing state, suffering from the malignant disease of small.p^^,^Wxh,,ri,^^ J ^ words as the following from hi,^^ am q^ happy. I find my Saviour verj^ near to me. lam - la i-i i-fii'Pïî^ '■ i \: 7; ii6 ^. ^trangtt ij^an JficUoru not afraid to die: heaveri is open ià re^^e me, Give my thanks to Mr. Duncan; he told me of Jésus. ,1 hâve hold of tKe ladder that Saches to heaven. AU Mr. Duncari taught me I now feer to be truc' Then, saying that he wished to be carried to his relatives, his words were :— 'Do not weep for me. You are poor, being left; I am not poor; I am going to heaven. My Saviour is very near to me. Do ail of you follpw mç to heaven. Let not one of you be wanting. Tell my mother more clearly the way of life. I am afraid she does not yet under- stand the way. Tell he<^ not to weep for me, but to get ready to die. Be ail of one heart, and live in peace.' " But we must pass on to the brighter daysV success and prosperity by which, in the Providence* of God, this time of heavy trial to the infant'colony ^ w^ to be succeededt- V ■< CHAPTER X. BRIGHTER DAYS. ERY thing at the new settlement be- gan now to settle down into a régular routine. The population numbered between 600 and 700 souïs, consi$ting of about one-fourth of the former native population of Fort Simpson, and a few représentatives from several tribes— the Zangass, Nishkah, Ke-Keeth- rahtla, and Keetsahlass—living within seven^ miles of that place. Ail of thèse, in taking the step they had donc, had^kde great sacrifices, and gone through much labour, trial, and persécution. The most notable of thèse new settlers were three chiefs of différent tribes—Legaic, Neeahsh- lakah-noosh, and Leeguneesh, and the leading man amongst the cannibals, by name Quthray ; the latter was one ef thpsg who ha d t a kea a p rominc; part in the r^olting scène which Mr. Duncan had witnessed on his first arrivai, and had for a long +.»' 'N ^ M ii8 dtrattjttr t^an jrution. : «me been one of the most bitter opponents of the newteaching, b uM ^'^t ""d^rt^king wàs necessarily that of • buildmg the new village. Great assistance i„ tl,is work >vas re„de,ed by a libéral contribution from the Goveraor of Brit&h Columbia of 150 window- sashes, and 600 Ib^ of nails, which a-rived in Sep- tember (i 862), 1 ^ frn^ ^"'^^^"^^^"^"bution in money was received from the officers and crew of one of H.M.'s6hips stationed^on the coast, as a mark of the high l^hkatlah, they had formed of the importance of the work bemg carried on there. Ali the dweUing-houses were built outwardly after the European model, but in the internai arrangements few improvements could as yet be effected. Several families stiU lived under the same tZ r-'°f '"""^ "^ ^'' ^ P^""^^^^ 'o Parti- tion their houses into separate compartments, economy of fuel and the lov. of conipLy being the chief mducements to their adhering i„ this respect to their former habits. I^" ^ ^^""^ avcraging thi rty-four feet by J^''^'^''^^''^'^^^'^'^àows, were soon ' I \t/ „• t ïl4*rf,W*AU *M»«l »if1n ^ iw*.;s5JiKi:ï , » î*-. Srtffïjter Bapi. iiç One huildred plots of gardeh grouiid, situated oh the islands in various parts of the channel in front ' of the settlement, were also duly measured out and registered, and prepared for cultivâtion. ' The next work taken in hand was â lai^e and strong octagon buildipg, intended to serve, for a time, the purposes both of a church and school, and capable of holding nearly 700 people. ■ This was finished, and the first service held in it on the aoth of December. Up to this time Mr. Duncan had had service three times every Sunday, either in the open air or- in his own log-house, and a class for religions in- struction and worship every weékday eveiiing. ShorUy after the openinçr of the new buildiflg, Mr. Duncan writcs :-^ " About 400 to 600 soûls attend Divine Service on Siindays, and are being govemed by Christian and civilized ftlws. About seventy adulte ând twenty children are aiready baptized, or are only waiting for a minister to corne and baptize ttfem. About lôô children are attending the day school, and iQô adults the eve nin g « r h ooL About for^oi- the young rnert hâve formed themsèlves into two classes, and meet for prayer and exhorting each othef. The ifistruments of the medicitie mcn, whitH li'Àli*,'Stjiî$:.i;;'«»À '''f':ff,. W':" 120 ôtranjer tj^an dTwtfon. hâve spell-bound this nation for âges, hâve found their way ,nto my house, and are most willingly and cheerfully given up. Customs which form the very foundation of Indian government, and lie nearest the Indian heart, hâve been given up be- cause they hâve an evil tendency. Fe^sts are now charactenzed by order and good-wiU, and begin and end with the offering of thanks to the Giver of au good . . . Scarcely a soûl remains away from Divme Service, excepting the sick and their nurses. Evenmg family dévotions are common to almost every house;. and, better than ail, I hâve a hope that many hâve experienced a real change of heart , . . . Thus the surroundiïig tribes hâve now a model village before them, acting as a powerful witness for the truth of the Gospel, shaming and correctmg, yet stiU captivating them. For in it they see" those good things which they and their forefathers hâve sought and laboured for in vain 1 o God be ail the praise and glory ! " Mr.'Duncan had now, besides about loo children who attended morning and aftemoon, a class of _about K)o adult s , to who m h c g ave "a iiiiplëlëctufe¥= on geography, astronomy, natural histoiy, and morals," a plan which he found that the Indiaas "4 ^tiçfytn Bàsi. 121 greatly appreciatçd, the attendance being often much larger than that given as the average. In the meantime, the weekday meetings for can- didates for baptism, commenced in the ^revious winter, were continued with very satisfactoiy re- sults. Indeed, so large a number were now prepared and anxious to be baptized, that as there w^s no immédiate prospect of another clçrgyman being sent out from England to take Mr. Tugwell's pl^ce, Mr. Puncan wrot^to the Bishop of Columbia, ask^ mg him to make arrangements at as early a date as possible for a clergyman to visit the set'tlement Before,however,this request cpuld be granted, Mr. Duncan was called upon, under circumstances which dffl not admit of delay, to administer the rite of baptism himself, Quthray, the cannibal chief to whom allusion has . more than once been m^de, had now fqr som^tfffie" been one of thç most eamest and reg«lar atten- dants at the instruction çlass Jof candidates for baptism. Towardg the gjié of the summer of i86a he had beeti seizçd tirïth a dangerous iUness, from JJ^^^^- %rfr"<^k évide n t little hope of his-i^ ^.r^ ,<>.' I coyeiy.- Mr. Duncan had vïsited him constantly; ^ttd as "he had long and eamestly desired hap! tism, and expressed in the clearest terms his '> 1 k$tSÀ M^yÈi^M.^ V repetttance for his sins, and his faith in the Saviouf of smners," had prômlsed that he would himself baptize him, unless a clérgyman shoùld in the meantime arrive from Victoria-a promise for which he had expressed his.gmtitude "with thé greatest force he could commknd." "Though I was not sent hère to baptize," Mr. Duncan writes, «I had no fear that I was doing what was pleasing to God in administering that sacred rite to the poor dying maft, as an ôfficially appointed person was not within several hundred miles ^f hîm." Towards the énd of October, Mr. Duncan felt that he could no longer delay in redeeming his promise, intelligence being brought to him oné ' morning that the sick man was much worse, and apparently dying. He thus describes his visit :— "I fôund the sufferer apparently on the very ' verge of etemity, but quite iensibl^ supported by his wife on ône side, and another womaii on the other, in a titting posture on his lôwly éoùch» '^ spread upon the ground. I addressed him at once^ rcminding him of the promise I had made to him . ' -and whyr-^^lsd^^poke sômê wôrdà oTâdvice to him, to which he paid most eamcst attention»- though his cough would scarccly permit him té m .,.H, N ..U.„-, «rtjïJter Bast. 1*3 fear that he d.d not understand what 1 said, bemg great emphasis. exclaimed. -Hjear-I unde«tand.' WhUe I was praying, his countenance was most ovely. With his face t„™ed upward, he seem^ and gare h.m the name of Phihp Atkinson. I eamesUy b«ought the Lorf to ratify i„ heaven what He had permitted: n>e to do in His „ame, and "«*»« H m. He had the same résignation and. P«ace wh.ch he had ^inced throughout hi, sick- ness, weep,„g for his sins, depending ail upon the Sayour. confident of pardon and rejoicing fn hope. Th.s .s the man of »hom I hâve had to ^e more than once. Ol,^ the dreadful and «volting thmgs which I hâve ,«tnessed him dol Z^il'Hl^'" I »* at Fort Simpson, abou. and a half ago, an account of which I namely, that of a poor slave woman murdered in cold blood. thrown on the beach, __ sent being ^wd-then iy.u to piecç. and eiten by two naked «™ges, who were supported by a crew of singer» and the ioise of drums. Thi. man wa. one of '■■^^à-i^ Jiii.-àiL,.: , .^'^ 124 *o. rangris t^an dFtrtwn. *. those naked cannihals. Glorious change! See him, clothed, in His right mind, weeping — weeping sore for his sins— expressing to ail around him firni belief in the Saviour, and dying in peace. Bless the Lord for ail His goodness !" We must npw tum for a while to the secular . affairs of the settlement To assist him in thèse, Mr. Dunçan selected %en men, whom he constituted constahles, and who, with the three' chiefs, formed a sort of village councU. No intoxica^ing drinks were admitted, and drunkennesg was therefore a vice çntirely unknown. Some few, on- their visits to Fort -Simpson, transgressed, and '^two, whose cases were clçarly proved, and admitted of no exténua- tion, were banished " from the settlement After due consultation, an important décision was arrived at by the village council, viz. that a yearly tax of one Uanket, or two dollars and a half for every adult maie, and one shirt or one dollar for such as . were approaching manhood, should be levîed for helping to carry on the various public Works which it was proposed shortly to commence. This tax was first levied on New Ycar's Day^iSôf^. Out of 130 amenable, therè were4>ut 10 ^efaulters, who were excused on the ground of poverty. 1 1^ . ^* »«fl*ter fiap«. "5 The revenue thus gathered amounted to «one green, one blue, and ninety-four white blankets • one pair of white trousers, one dressed elk-skin' seventeen shirts, and seven dollars.". . In jrder to give the chiefs as much support as possible, and to increase their influence with their -Chnstian brethren, it was at fii^t proposed that they should act as village magistrates, deciding ail avil cases which might arise, and that in return fo/ thèse services they should receive one half of the annual tax. Expérience, however, soon showed that their many inconsistencies made their sitting as judges very anomalous ; and as their views of justice were often very oblique, it was soon found necessan^ to dispense with their assistance in such matters. Hence the community, seeing no benefit likelv to accnae from their services, objected to the plan of Jiv.ding the tax. « Rather let the public worlcs ' The chief public Works which it was proposed to undertake were ;~ T T o ma kea road i ^ und the vi l l^gr-Aa the ground was uneven and thicklj^ Wooded/this wa« cxpected to be a work of considérable labour. SipB|iâ>^iièr4l4t#k^siâjrik^«^^^«i,,'«^^ laô dtrangir t|^ dation. a. To build two good-sized houses for the aecommodation of strange Indians coming for the purposes of trade — the object being toxprevent the interférence wîth domestic comfort an^ improve- meat arisîng from sueh visitors being lodged under the old System. 3. To fisc rests on the shore for canoës when unemployed* and to lay slidcs for moving the canoës along the beach and into the water at low tides. 4. To sink wells, to forni a public playground, &c Over and above the évident advaiîtage to the coramunity at large of such Works as the above^ one main object with which they were uiidertaken was to provide profitable employment for the adult population, and so to keep them away from those lahour-markets which presented temptations too strong and vices too fascinating for the Indian in Tiis then moraUy infantile condition to withstand^ With the same view the préparation of articles for exportation to Victoria, such as sait, smoked fish, fish grease^ dried berrîes, fiirs, &c., was en- couraged. At the same time, as the only means for the succcssful prosecution of this branch of Tabour» Mt Duncan commënced to lay liis plans for «ecuring facilities for trading opérations which wouM . { / ^^ f - *! V .„ ^tiffitn map$. la; fonder the settlement independent of the visi'ts of the barbarous class of men employed in running small vessels up the coast, and whose chief trade was în intoxicating drinks. The evils ré^ulting; from the visifs bf thèse coasting vessels, and the conséquent netessity for providing for the Indians some other method of disposing of their own goods, and obtaining what they required in return, are thus explained : ** The visits of thèse traders to the Indian camps ai^^mvariably marked by murder and the very maddest riots. Family ties are bmfcen. A youn^ ^n. under the influence of fire-water, will shoot l'^cl Z ^'" "^'^^'' ^" ^^«^^ ^ ^^^ brother; ^, ifhe be spared through the revel, he awakens to bitter remorse, and becomes desperate. The peace of tribes ,> broken, waf begins, blood is shed, and wounds «|ade which will tàke générations of time to heal, ^nd for whidi many innocent lives niay hâve to compensate." The plan proposed was to obtain a small vessel, to be subscribed for by the Indians themselves in sums of i/. or U los., or the équivalent in furs An indirect adv antage whidt seemed^tt kel y^ tcr- anse from the adoption of this plan was that, having «le vessel in their own hands, the Indians would be jSaiÉS^iiljïL'CiMtÀxM^ ■r-^'\ V 128 étranger t|an dFûttun. sure to take more interest in it, and be more rçgidy to exert themselves to keep it well and profitably employed. . The reader will probably feel just as Mr. Duncan did, that, however great the apparent necessity for some such step as the above, nothing but s^ccess would really justify a Missionary in the eyes of the public in undertaking such an experiment. We may as well, therefore, so far anticipate the actual chronological order of events as to show how en- tirely the resuit bore out his strong conviction of the feasibility and advantage of the plan sùggested. In the course of the summer bf 1863, Mr. Duncan, having explained his views to the colonial govem- inent, received a grant of 100/. towards the required vessel. The Indians subscribed a further sum of 80/. Making up the deficiency himself, 'he pur- chased a schooner at a tost of 30c/., and commenced, at his own risk, to supbly the villagerslirith goods, and to convey their prdduce for sale tô Victoria. The first few trips of the "Carolina", proyed entirely satisfactory. Carrying down a cargo of ** fîsh-oil, furs, Indian food, cypress plants/' &c., it returned with ail the various requisites for a village »% aad for traffifewitb^ U ie I n dians ôf the sa pp" rounding tribés. At the end of a few months a ' ^ *rffl*ttr fiasitf. 129 caUed, when, after provision had been made for the ^ declared of 5/. upon each sl,are. This part of when the money was given them, imagined' tha^ IXT rr "'^ ■" P='''»S ™* *^- toe/e^ iirf ■ ^ '~"' ^''"'""' " «■« "-««"as satisfactonly explained to them, they evinced their rr°:f^e':r?:;£--r -«.atsHedidaUt.e.or.'an^tH?':^^-!^- His own share of the profits Mr. Duncan devoted ™t.rely to tl,e objects of the Mission, mt S were^t .nco„side..bi^ may be judged froL ^^ Iv „7 ^'^ •***' *"' "^ able to Write You «,U be happy to HeSir our viUage Se departmpnt to other hands, but hâve be« 4 to«dX,^ °' '~°^ «'T.I-^which I h^ T^tl^^T'"*^" "^^ »»'! » b uilding ,-/ rry::.^rr^i:^-^«^--.thepast ■M ..¥' ■x"'- 130 ^transir l^an JfUtion, Before this time the actual management of the vessel had been entrusted to the Indians them- selves, and on every voyage the CQnduct of. the crew whilst at Victoria had beer^ every thing which could be desired. An Indian Was also registered ais master, and another as supercjargo. - The whole question is thus reviewed in a letter by the Dedn oÎT Victoria : — " No step of a temporal nature was, perhaps, so loudly demanded, or has conferred such important benefits on the people of Metlaljikatlah, in conducîng to their comfort and contentment in their new home. Instead of having to i go seventeen miles *fbr suppliés to a heathen can^p, they can procure them at their own doors at a/clieaper rate. 'Persons who cpme hither to trade earry aw^ some word or impression to afiect their countrymen at home. During my sojoum at Metlahkatjlah, thére has not been a single Suhday in which therè hâve not been heareiB of this description attendant on the word of life. This is one of those branches of thé work taken up by Mr. Duncan, simply becatise it was pressed upon him by the force of circumstances as necessary to his entiçe success. The time has -fwaaed-awiy^ whe n l ie iitlt himself liàmiliàted^rt^ being offered the sale of a fur. / ^^ --•»,.<■ ^tig^Ur mapi. cs'tt ''",^'°e "«"^^^tiîe trade is the disposition rton busmess pnnciples, in order that th» parties t P""^'^[^"«^ «n thi» Principle, al«orbed by - no Personal benefits, hâve been expended on objects public bu lAngs, m subsidies to the peopfe. in aid Of .mprovng fieir roads, and wharv,^ fo7kn^I«^n who suffers is Mr. Duncan hi^seJf 1 h.shealth, for the sole benefit of the people, but has b«n more than compensated by the rich reUrf of fehng that God has owned and blessed the «cnfice. Besides this, the tmde afforis industrial ^occupabon for the people, and thus aids them in • a more steady advancement i„ the comforts of «vhzedhf. Itisquitealivelyscenetowitn,i part ie l Qt iaboufcfs e i ig^géd, some in ~ /- bni^ng the rough timber in n,fts fron. the forest, oth«s m sawngit into planlcs, other. phuung, othe« • K z -'î,'*i&.4.'i».« «i „ j». * r L ii- , u.j^<Èt ^ m { \ i-r ,-:* ' â 1*-. 13 « l^transet tl^an dation. cutting the shingles, others with nail and hammer erecting the building — ail devoting theipselves to their daily task rather with the constancy of the English labourer than with the fitful disposition of the Savage." As we shall not hâve occasion m the next few chapters to refer again to the secular affairs of the Mission, wè may conclude the présent notice of them by the foUowing account of the second New Yéar's Day meeting given in the Victoria Colonisty Feb. 24, 1864, by a correspondent who had recently visited the settlement : — " On New Year's Day, after a devotional meeting, there was a business meeting, atténded by the whole settlement, when Mr. Duncan announced the expenditure of the last year's taxes, and read the Village rules and régulations. An (mtline was also fumished of the proposed expendit;ure for the current year, which met with gênerai approval. Immediately after the çieeting, the tax of $2.50 (or a blanket) for adults, and $1.50 (or one jshirt) for boys, was paid. Some feeble old men, who could hardly walk, came tottering along with their blankets, anxious to become good citi:^ns, but were exempted from the levy." i The same writer adds the foUowing descrip* \uh • .,tijMj~ »t4»*i»>« i«% 1 m; j, 4 jÎ iK i,iiiAi^'v&'J)B!ij'Ùi ^ r~ X -ypT!^' I •w] . Ir M .U^fl^"^' T4'û ■ ^-is. '•I CHAPTER X THE INDIAN FISHING-STATION. IARLY in i85j, Mr.^ Duhcan receîved -tïdings that .the Bis h o p of ^ohmibiaiiad armnged to corne himself to visit Met- lahUatlah. The Bishop arrived^ oit Tuèsday, April 14, 1863, and thus describes his meeting with Mr. Duncan :— «The Christian Indian settfement of l^etlah^atT lah lies retited upon a reçeçs ofthe bay, and^is marked by a row of substantial wooden houseai An octagon buildipg is the schcol, and a flag-staff st^ds near, upon which ascended the national flag when we hove in sight and fired the gun tO announce our approadh. We coald soon distinguislL a canoë putting off to us, and "presently it /âp- jroached, gying^a fla ^. It was a Jaig P r^ nn^ which had a warlike appearairee, nîanned b>K teii Indians; and in it was seated Mr. Duncan, \he Missionaiy of Metlahkatlah. There was placed ."A ■/ '» -u^ 136 ^ttangitt t^àn sgUtion, too, by his side a murderer, w)k) had last year committed a cold-blooded mùrder upon an'English- man, and who had given himself up against the coming.of the man-of-war. Among the cfew was one man who had been a noted drunkard and a violent chief, a slaughterer of many human victims in his day— indj^ed, the head man of the Tsimsheean tribe— who had given up ail evil ways, and was* . now as a little chïld, a candidate for baptiém." „_A§Jàe Mshpj» had time of his arrivai, and it was now the heigfht of the Indian fishing-season, most ôf the Metlahkatlah people were away fishing on the Naas river. It was, therefore, decided that Mr. Duncan should go with the Bishop to visit the fishing-stations, and invite the candidates for baptism to return at once to Metlahkatlah. Passing Fort Simpson, they àrrived at the mouth of the Naas river on the aftemoon of Wednesday, the i5th. It was at first proposed that they should go up in a man-of-war's boat, which Captain Pike, of the "Dévastation," the ship which had brought the Bishop from Victoria, offered to^lace at their dis- pQ sa l ;, b ut as feere ^ad recently been aome troubl e^- with the Indians about seizing a trading schooner, Mr. Duncan suggested that the sight of a man-of-war'g .A %-^ > . "' /^. ; C5« haian ;^iiffiniiééUition. 137 boat might excite alarm, and lead to the object of their coming being misunderstood. f hey there^ fore started the next morning, Thursday, at seven o'clock, iti the canoë, with the crew which had corne onwiththemfromMetlahkatlah. ■'^. "The day was brîght and cheerful : the scenèry of the lofty Snow-capped mountains rising up on either side was grand arid strikîng. We glided over the sparkling waves, the expanse of waters varying in width from a mile to two miles, and after three hours and a half paddling, came to the fishing- village ofthf Metlahkatlahs." At this village they found some 5000 ïndians, coUected from ail parts— from the.islands of the sea, from the Russian territory, from the coast, and from the interior. Theywere decked out in ail their finery. "Their costumes were strange and fantastic, their faces were painted red and black ; they wore feathers on their heads, and imitations of wild beasts on their dresses. The scène was alto- gether a singular and ahimated one." It was the " small-fish " fishing-season. Thèse fish, called eulachan, are about the size of a smelt« ^irttlTfciy TÎch, andiiad come ûpTas usuâl, in vasT" quantities. The Indian custom is to meet the fish as they comc, and speak to them: " You fish, you ■^_-^ ^*:A ■% .âi^i 4.x 138 i^transer t|^ati dfUtion. fish ! you are ail chiefs ; you are, you are ail chiefs." After the small fish, had c8me ûp larger fish from the ôcean. There was the halibut, the cod, the porpoise, and the finned-back whale. " Such a scène of life," writes the Bishop, "man-life, bird-life, fish-life, ï had never before conceived. Over the fish was an immense cloud pf innumerable gulls — so many and so thick were they, as they hovered about looldng for the fish, ||iat as they moved to and fro, up and down, the sight resembled a heavy falî of snow. Over the gulls were eagles soaring about in noble fiight^ looking for their prey." "The fish are caught in vast quantitîes. I saw hundreds of tons coUected together, and the nets haiîled in bushels at a time. The Indians dry some in the sun, and press a much larger quantity for the sake of the oil or grease, which has a considérable market value as being superior to cod-liver oil, and which they use as butter with their dried salmon. The season is most important to the Indians; the supply lasts them till the season fo^ salmon, which is later, and which supplies their* staple food — their bread." ^^^^^i sfi r st meetin g witl i i he'Metlahkatiah Tïidîaiis" and hîs generalimpression of them is thus described by the Bishop: — L«is.< ^" C|^« lirtïMiii iTtrf^mg^dtatton. . ^^ " The Metlàhkatlah Indians were expecting us— a number of weU-dressed and intelligent Indians were on the shore waiting to receive us. I went through their temporary village and witnessed the opération of curing the fish, after which an assembly of aoo gathered to us. The greater part sat on the ground, but most of the men stood up. It was a place where potatoes had been cultivated, but some snôw was now upon the ground. Fortunately the day was fine, and the sun shone brightly; séveral hymns were sung^in Tsimsheean: a Tsimsheean prayer was ofiëred by Isfr. Duncan. I addressed the assembly, and was interpreted by Mr. Duncan, who made himself also an earaçst and telling discôurse. This change is the resuit of four and a hâlf years of his faîthful and earnçst workas a Catechist Beyond the expectation of ail persons acquâinted with Indians, success and^ blessing hâve attended his labours. Ail who hâve corne to him hâve professed their readiness to be inàtructed; they hâve put away ail tokens of heathenism. ' Jli^^â^^-^ them as three classes— th e hearers, i. catechumens, ànd baptized ; and encouraged them, urged them to the knowledge and grâce of God! Marked, indeed, was the différence between thèse r,_ ^'iiiia6ijt»4Ai"M^.iiï'l«-(i, i/vils'.-'éL.' ,\ii.>.'«Éi^il I40 dtranser t^àn J^utiùn, Indtans and the heathen. They were clean, bright, cheerful, intelligent, well-mannered ; they had evi- dently risen in the scale of human créatures. Christianity, looking to God and their Saviour, had elevated them intellectually, morally, and even physically. Hère, too, they were under the dis- advantage of beîng away from their village, atKi in a temparary abodk There were a few heathen with them, relatives who had been used in former days to fish with tliem. Thèse were painted red, or blacicened, and were dirty and forbidding, and served to make the contrast more striking." ^_.- Writing at a later date, the Bishop, after dweîling upon^riie great excitement which alwa^ys prevailed at this season, and the importance of every hour's work, adds, "Eut what did the Christian Indians do when the Sunday came? The first Sunday of their first fishingrseason as Christians, although the fish had corne up in greater abundance than ever, and the season was so short, the Christians said, 'We cannot go and fish.' The heathen were full of excitement, gathering in the spoil ; but the Christians said, *No, we are God's people; God J^*^^ p royide for us, and w e will spend His day as He tells us to do.' And they kept holy each Lord's Day in the midst of the fishiiig-season." r ^ _ — _ . As Mr. Duncan had anticipated, although it was nowthe t critical part of the season, no„e of the candidates made the least difficulty àbout anang,„g to leave their nets, and travel the ^ghty m.les baek to Metlahkatlah to meet the B/shop a„d «"T '""'"^ '° *' "Dévastation,' the Bishop and Mr. Duncan determined to pnsh on ànd vial : farther up the nvc, and amongst whom were • many who during their occasion^ visits fo Fort Simpson, had been brought «nder the influence of Mr. Duncan's teaching. .^t!r^^'^^^ °^ lie Niskahs was «ached te about two hours. It consisted of three cluste« of houses s.tuated m a considérable bay of the river Opposite to it was an isiand covered with t^e ~tton^„od te lofty trees. On the ba„k M IT?" f ' """'' *^"= ^*e«.und towe«d up into lofty and grand snow-capped mountains. I„ front of many of the houses were elabomtely budt m the form of an animai's head. The whole °L'^'/r of one house was shJ^ed like awolf» ^ :T ""^ """"^''*^' nose beiSgW^ porch, and the mouth the door. As a serions quarrel had lately been «gingbetween far«-^-'. V, .t-„:-i. > 142 tfttSMfstv tbM fiction. two of the Nishkah tribes, and several of those vrho had been killed, including two chiefs, were then lying dead» Mr. Duncan expressed some little doubt as to the opportuAèness of the visit. Every '^ préparation, however, was found to hâve been , made to receive théjn.., This was due to the in- fluence of the sister of one of the leading chiefs. Having resided for some time at Fort Simpson, she k had there corne under the influence of the truth, and was iiiow an eamest and thoroughly well-in- structed candidate for baptism. Being herself the owner of the house in which her brother lived, ^he | received the Bishop and Mr. Duncan with every mark of respect " Ail was in order. There were three seats, with the middle one elevated.at the end of the room. It reminded me of an Eastern custom, which places the two honoured friends on the right-hand and onT the left of a chief personage. The chief man, the brother of Niskah-kigh, had a seat also in a pro- minent place. i6oassembled There were chiefs ; there were medicine-men, with their red rings of bark on the head ; there were cannibals and dog- eaters, some with faces painted fierce red, others "blackj^oMenSTâck an^ ,Tèd. Two 1^ in , bound in wounds ; thèse had been shot in the récent & . '•• '«■■ ■ •1^ ■' •/■■ £,1 Cj^f hùiUn ;fia^ina.i^t9tion. 143 fight There came in, also. the mai» who had woundedoneofthe t<^ether the hostj Therè was order x:ontrast with the Metlahkatlah. It The meeting had drawn it was for peace. but itwas in marked lad witnessed at the heathen, and heathen, too, who knew something of what we had to say There were those who had shown tokens bf a wish to give up heathenism. Some had asked to be admitted to be leamers of the new ^ay. Thev had said to Mn Duncan, < We wiU coke out fh>m tlus our dd home, and go and hVe iTa new spot whenever you wiU go befor^>,s an^ be with us.' But others were the more hardei^d; there were those who deridèdand scoffed: thèir faces showed contempt and prjde, md nowhere js pâliaso erect as fn heathenism. - ^ ■^^. . ^ "Taddressed them; Mr. Duncan inteipreted. . Our fathers had been once in darkness ; they trusted in fables; they knew not of the trué God. But the hght of Christ came and the darkness fled, and peace and rest were found, and thè future was' bnght and joyful to the good,and God prospered them, and in stead " ,4 _™ ^^^ .of maay tribcg €entendiflg, att- becàme one great nation; and you can see how supenor we are, how powerful, how prosperoua :■'?■"■ ■■y- / , .1 ;''' ■i^J^/,J.jM'iJ^:.:^/ ■'^/-'/i^f'j^^^// <È ^ \'r\ y^'-'^i tft^ 144 ^ttànç^n ti^an dTûtûm. This religion taught us to spread the glad tidings, and now^we hâve come to you. You are like our fathers. You know not God; you believe fables, the future is ail uncertain, you see ail things die. Man dies into darkness, and you hâve many sorrows, and nothing to cheer you in those soirows and in death. Now, we can tell you this Book is God's Word. This tells ys of a Saviour from sin, and of light and guidanee, and strength to love good and to do right. We bring this Gospel of Light to you, and if you receive ît, God will bless and prosper you. Désire, then, this Word • ask us to come amongst you. Seek to know the only true God and Jésus Christ' "Mr. Duncan, besides interpreting my address in a forcible manner, addressed them also himself, and spoke strongly upon some of the glaring evils that prevail, and which^ow ^me of them see and acknowledge with féar. Thcre was a manifest im- pression made upo% the strange assembly,» and there was much talk amongst them afterwards." ' On th| assembly breaking up, the Bishop h*l a long conversation with the chieftainess Niskah-kigh, ^"^ ^',W satisfied with her fitness, promised to admît hëFtÔ baptisai oh her presenting hereelf at Metlahkatlah iwth the other candidates. ^ ^ «I ■>* % w ,:M'^ api à% i tiV'' s. \i^ |,ftH-.t^S- i-- ir* ^ • Ci» hiUian jrt*5faj,*taKon. M5 canoë. They then went on to the village where ttetwoch,efs, lately kiUed, were lying dL, a.Jr bod.es berng kept in their houses Lt the fXg of revenge might be encouraged. z.o In^n! qmckly assembled on the beach An old man, sUnding forward, spoke wîth much > force and feelintr- "ïi7«. ,. • . "' '"ucn l «ho^'llnow stand up and speak for us' Ou ' . ch.efs are kiUed, and we hâve no one to s^eak to thèse chiefs who stop to visit us " Mr. Duncan replied, " Truly their case was sad • it ,^sad their chiefs were kiiled, but the fel „a corne? They had been the first to bring in the r^water, ij,stead of taking care „f their^^eop'e l'ke good fathers. They caused n,u«ief a„d S *° ''""''■ '"' "- «-^^ves „ere ,:"th' It was now iîve o'clock, and fifteen mile, against astrcjngwind had to be acoomplished befoTre ship, lymg at the mouth of the river w!V ^ • reached Ti,- . ' **' "ga'n ttq'sang, ,n Tsin«heean, Christian hymns. Thé ■^ ' yîïjlLfiii-^Kffif'. [t^iWii^ » ^yi ll.lti '.•"•Ht 146 i^tranger tj^an jfUtion, stars shone bright, and the deep dark mountain ' gorçes contrasted with the snow." ^ It was just ten o'clock as the whole party, fairly tired out, again climbed on board the "Dévastation." Leaving the Naas river the next moming at 9.30, the ship reached Fort Simpson at four. Hère a meeting of Indians was again held, and the child of a Christian Indiap baptized. A visit was also paid to the fort, where, besides the usual occupants, the Bishop found "two Iroquois Indians from Canada, an African, a half-cast Tongas, a Scotchman,an American, and several Englishmen." On the after- noon of the next day, Saturday, the "Dévastation " again dropped anchor off Metlahkatlah. -T*S^^^ ''fc. i^ \:.'... . f* i''A ■f io CilAPTER XII. AN INGATHERING HE next day, gtnday, April içth, 1863 the Bishop, after holding service on board the "Dévastation.» went on shore accompanied by Captain Pike. "We were met," he wriles, "by the whole village, whô stood on the bank, in a long li&e^ fi„e aset 148 dtranser t^an ffiaùm. The service lasted one hour and three quarters. There was an évidence of dévotion» Mr,_D»ncan plays the accordion.'* _-— ^"'"^'^ " The^examkïatïôhoFthe catechumens, commenced 'onlhe 3unday, was continued without intermission throughout the next two days, lasting on the Monday till one o'clock at night - ilkMonday, Apr^l 2oiA.—X>ay fine. Got t© the Mission-house at eight to breakfast. Afterwârds engaged the whole day seeing catechumens till one o'clock next morninç. One after another the poor In^ans pressed on to be examined. They had b^n under training for periods varying from eight months to three years, They had been long look- ing for a minister to admit them to baptism. It was a strange yet intensely interesting sight in that log cabin, by the dim glimmer of a small lamp, to see just the countenance of the Indian, sometimes with uplifted eyes, as he spoke of the'tlessedness of prayer — at other times, with downcast melancholy, as he smote upon his breast in the récital of his pénitence. The tawny face, the high cheek-bone. the glossy jet-black flowing hair, the dark, glassy eye, the manly brow, were a picture worthy the -pcncil of the artist TheTiight WâS^ eôld— I had occasionally to rise and walk about for warmth — ■*. ^ \A •Â>Si ' , r^* '%T- ,*■>. JÇn inflat|erf^^ "?-,-" 149 yet there were more. The Indian usually retires as he rises, with the sun, but now he would tum mght into day if he might only be allowed to haye die sign/ and be fixed in the good ways » God. "'z . " Tuesdày; Aprîl ai^/l-Tlie day dawned bright and so continued. Immediately after breakfast, having had prayer, the work again began. C^te- chumens came in and, bne by one, were sifted • some, to their grief, were deferred. One man camé and begged he might be passed, for he might not live till the next visit of a cl^gyman. Another brought a friend, and said, if I would only admît his wifp to baptism, they would promise for her she ^diould persévère and live to God. Another, a fine child of fourteen. I had thought too young to answjgr for her^elf~one who had always shown remark^ love for instruction ««ta had stood by the school when the many were itslfok She came with teârs of entreaty which were in^e^ble.^and beautiful, and lovely was the ^nsiâf^intelligL^hich beamed upon her devotional features wh JPIfter- ' wards she received the wate« of baptism. TiU four oclockwa s Tthuaéiigasgd,an^hou i a aei Uie time appointed for the baptisms. The peculiar suitable- nessof^the questions in. the Baptismal Service to Ài^l^ !Mh w u A \ 1 t. .■•J> < k heà«)enism '^cai^ f^tf^' 'hiftll Wlidl, the %sh,%d^t^..^}. ins pomp of display, the lying îc> as well as ail sins.of the laring, and closely -iponnected -^^'MZ^ r , *^^"^t^esetliingsat^|)arfand #*c«t % heathenîsm. So are the trut% of the •- reed iri strongest contrast to the dark an| miser- ^fables of their (orefathers, and heartîj^ cân , < V .thé|pledge themselves to keep the holy will of God y^;*t. a» the days of their life, seeing Him a loviî% and ^ÊÊSL -^ true Father, of whom now so lately, bjit so gladly. they hâve learnt to know." The questions àske^ by the Bishop were gener^Iy somewhat as follows :— " Do you wish to be a Christian ? • , "J)o you feel your sin?, and want à new heart ? "How came jtou first to tum to God ? ' " How do you expect remissio^i of sins ? - "Areyouafraidtodie? ** Do you pray to God ? To whom do you look,to save you ? m' ' v^'S' -" Wh a th oi ypu lOW Go;d will pity y / . ; . V », » V. an ïnaat^rttng. 151 /' When weak what must we do ? . . , " What will happen to us when we die ? "Whatmakesitdifficuittopray? * -■-^s there any spécial hindrance to your tuming toGod? * ,. ^-^ '^ow do you hope tp hâve your sins pardoned ?»' , "I first," the Bishop writes, "drew forth their views of the necessity of repentance, its détails, and their own personal acquaintance with it. î ïhen ques- tioned them as to the Three Persons of the Trinity and the spécial work of eack^ith allusion to thé Judgment, and the state 9f the soûl hereafter, inquir- ing into their private dévotion, tb learn their personal application of repentance and faith. I questioned their anxiety.for baptism,* and demanded proof of thejr resototioa. to keep the will of God for their ' gmde, to speak for God, and to labour for God's way ail their life long. I sought to find out the circum- ^ttinces under which they first lucarne sèriously inclined, and to trace their steps l^^^rial and grâce. t'!!^i*"V^^*^-P~"'^^ of baptism, I ^ exho,^ ^em to e^e^^yer arW dévotion, as a sfi|«al préparation, until tiie ti«ic came.» T^e followini eartraas^^f^^ on the various #mdidates b,ar testlmony to the -»- ,v«TKthoroughchararter<^theeK«pli,atioa We m ..^'làùiiÈ^^Kiii,* . «^*^ «/. I 15^ 4- ôtrangor ttfan dTwtton. should, perhaps, say thajt the names of those who hâve been previously mentioned in the narrative are placed first, though not occurring in this order in the Bishop's journal : — MALES. Klah, aged 35.— Anszvers.—I hâve njade up my mind to live a Christian. Must try to put away aU our siiis. I believe in Jésus Chnst, the Son of God,,who died for our sins. God is good to us, Wd made us. God gives us His Spirit to make us clean and happy* I prây to God to dean my heart, and wipe out my sin from God's book. It wiU be worse for us if we faU away after we hâve begun* I repent I was not baptized a year and a half ago. Legaic (principal chief), aged AO.—Aftswers.—We must put away aU our evU ways. I want to take hold of God. I beUeve in God the Father, who made aU things, and in Jésus Christ. I con- stantly cry for my sins when I remembep them. I beUeve the good wiU sit near to God after death. Am anxious to walk in God^^ays aU my life. If I tum back it wiU be more bitter for me than^ore. Iprày Qod to wipe out mysins; strengthen me todo rightj pity me. My piayers are from my heart I think sometimes God does not hear me, because I,,do not give up aU my sins. My sins are too heavy. 1 tftink we hâve not strength of ourselves. , Jlmarks.—XJnda instruction abost nine rtoàths. On two occa- sions before attended for a riiprt time, but feU away. Mr. Duncan says tWs man bas made^ griiter sacrifices than any other in the ▼ulage. Is the principaTchi^ and has left his tribe and aU great- néss. Has been a most, saVage and despenite man; committ^ aU cnme». ^ Had the ofTer of forty blankets to retum to his tribe. He now bears the ridicule of his former fpends. Yet his tetober formerly ferocious, beats it patiently, and he rettims kindness, so £at some hâve melted and are ready to come with him. ^-itt«B-î«as» (a tMff)rf^W-^-^ns7i>erx7-^yf^&i young toought up in sin. No one ever told me the good news. Cannot teU how great a sinner I am. I believe in God, and cannot tmn back to any of my old ways. The great Father Almighty, Maker of l SJ .. .. , , h -< . , ^^ ' \/>^,_ •. -i ^i ^^,^^^. k ■ifl^il^'»'^;^'^^' --> ■"y an Ingatl^erinB. Ï53 iP the earth. Jésus Christ, the only Son of God, died for our sins that God might pity us on that account. God is a spirit, fiiU oi love ànd goodness; but we must pray for God's Holy Spirit. We must aU stand before Go^ God wiU know who are good and bad. By-and- by I shaU know if God heare me. My heart is dark; I camiot clearly teU now. A,long tinie I felt it was contrary to GodTand when I heard the good news I gave up evil ways. Neeash-lakah.noosh (caUed "the Lame Chief" ; he is blind aiso of an eye; fine old man); aged 7o.-Amwgrs .—Vfhen asked if be wished to bécome a Christian, said-For thatobject'l came hère 7!, J^ ^^v • ^ ^""^ p"* ^"""y ^ ^y^ ^^y^' ^^^^ i ^ad long follo^ed. I hâve trusted in God. We want the Spirit of God Jésus came to save us. He compensated for oursins. Our Father made us, and loved us because we are His work. He wishes to see us withHim because He loves us. When âsked about the judgmsnt. diuSl of 3^^ WiU free those who beUeve fro^œn! iaf^^h'^fV^ instruction for a year, and before that/ for some tune by his daughter. Is most consistent, trying to d/ smiply what .s right. The other day was benighted on siy, 6n his way to spend the Smiday at Metla-katla, seven miles off. wîuld not corne on, nor let his people gather herring-spawn, closeinder their feet ; he rested the Lord's Day. according to the commW^t. YiLMAUKSH, aged 22.-Annvers:-.l believe in J^sTas my baviour, who died to compensate for my sins to God. iemjrrAf.-Appears very eamestj speaks devoutly and freelv lK)ngtimeunderserious impressions. Brought out froà» heathenism threeofj,^ relations. Eight months under spécial instruction. rJ^^r',!^^^r^'~^'"^'-'~^ ^^^ "^y unworthihess, but trust to Gods pity. We must pray (SonstanUy to God. I hâve not two nearts ; hâve given myself to God: tn^Xf^^ ^nî*' "Cariboo- steam-ship wlien blown up : ramea to m^en. Threc y ear^ aadet Jastntetie a. Sma&^à i ^t^ \. l^chtéï ^ »o feo to heathen feasts, but Im steadUy refiised. Kangisi _ aoubt. Our way fiUl of mistakei.^ Christ seaiched out (cxposed) t *-:,k , ^ et 'W^i *;-t\ ^ 154 dtYansrr tJ^sn^ictù»!. •m ■i^^*- jf. màn's way and showed God's vfay, |uid thën wa$ pnnished to make . fitisraction for our sins. I pray for a good heart and for pardon ^: 'from my sîns. r ^ ■ Jiemarks. — Four or five years ago under instnl'ctidn ; fell àway. A ■|rear preparing for'magic ; a year and a half eamest \ Shkah-clah, aged 35. — Answers :-r-l hâve not long corne forward for baptism, but bave long been Wishing to be fixed in God's way, and hâve been strug^ling against my sins. God punishes the wicked who ^tsevere in their sins. I must pray for God's Spirit. God teacliër us humility, àifd to love one another. I pray for God to pardoi^ my sins, and to dress me 'M His righteousnéss. Retkarks. — Confesses he has been very wicked. Lately hiy|tald died. As it lay dying, with tears he touched it, and said, *'f^m is for my^ns." Was moved strongly to tum to God by thje.death of his cbufl. . Belongs to a leading family. His brother, a heathen chief, tells J«ûn he will be nobody if he becomes a Christian.' Lappigh Kumlee, aged 30. — Answers: — I hâve given up the lucrative position of sorcerer. Been oiTered bribes to practise ms art secretly. I hâve Ief|^ roV mistaken ways. - My eyesi hâve beœ bored (enlightened). I cry ,eyeiy night wtoà;! remember my sins.. The gi-eat F^^ Altàighty seelevery thiiig. ^ I go up to the moùtî- tains He see^H^ JâjW died foLour sins upon the cross toj^cairy oçr sins away, * ,. «• ^ y Xeniarkri'-^ates his change froin. seeing a conyert realding a book, and lie felt. as^iwl|||that he knevp^,nothiag, an^he determined to letm, tmd supn na^ound his own ^p^m falsç;: One cas^'^when his spirit said there would be recovéry, drà^ él^ç; aQd antfîlÉb', wfiite ' he furetold death, life temaîried. - <|ÉpP^ %».: %^ Cow-AL-LAH, aged 30.— ,^yjmvrr;'^A. Christian mnst pût &way sin, lies, drunkenness.'^ I l^^H|^$h«d to coWe forward at the last baptism, but was held back^l^nuioV around. I hâve now brokeo l^y» and am read!y to givtBfmyself to God. God is ^he maker of heaven and ea^ God pitîra our sins, and sent Jésus to save us. The Spjrit hel|ji our weakness. If we f ollow Go dher^ w*»it }inll fimj God a^er death. AU must stand before God and receive acCordlng to their works. Was struck at thç dark death of many of his rela» tions. He «nd they knew nothing about the future. So when Miv fin inQàtt)tvinç[. '55 ^UIL-AH-SHKAHKS, ^ 25.~^«^..._i have put away my God sees me Jésus Jia^ open^l the door of heaven to us/ God «ends Hm, good Spirit to help us. God wUlmeasure our ways wSn TZ^^^I ;ii™" '"""-P°^ S*^ t^« ^d of God. and tretLloTGr''^'"'"™*^^^^ Wearenotstro^gt^resist .jT?"''t'*T''' «S«d3S.-^«x«'^..-I have long followed LTr w""^ «ndeavours I will persévère. Used to be a great ^a^ Have given up magie and display of property. Felt jGod last summer. We have tumedback to ouîr great F^ther. He aU; H«.Spmt is with us. The blood of Jésus cleariseth u. hn^JL •„ "^'^/Wy the angels will be to see us good, and ?Z mi;'^-''^ u ""l ^" '^ ' ^' *« ^' God will diSe us. Lost «tîlatives by the small-pox last year. and it opened my eye. tom>sins. God'shandwasstrongtocutdownsinnii ^^ KSHIN-KEE-AIKS, oged 36.-A»swfrs :~l will fight against my sms, aijd contmuaUy cry to find God. I wiU endeavourlot to 7- tahatejrhen ndiculed. I believe in the Lord m heaven, who ^ Q ^A^t}'^^ *°*^ "'' '^ *^^ f<^ ^« ««*• J«us the ir son^ God died to save us from our sins. God gives us the ' Spmt to help us to contend against the evil spirits who cdme aemsr ui If we are sinful when we die, God's face will beagaSmT Wherevarl go mymmdisfixedto serve God. At the lastG^ JS ff^iSl.^w""* *^' ''^^ ^"^ *^ ^^ God's Word, Z irrCSl'""''^ Butath.tcameawaywithth«others, Jït.^'T^JïS^ro T^'^^'-'-We «nust Itove aU sinful m«tnot<«i7„ntoGod. God is a great Spirit. Madee^and ^^ITa -fe^ "* **" •**"^ "^^ Spirit of God ever with u. ; thehandofGodevernear. If we cany our «in till wcdie^Godirm •*» ,.\' ' k'^^^^HK,*; r- '56 dtranstr tfian dTûtion* God will show us I |iurpose to do punish us. We must ail meet God wheo we die. our wajrs. My father was eut down in his sins. differently. t- Kahlf, aged 35.— ^«ja«rr .—I shall fight against my sin». My heart truly says I will tum firom sin to God. God is perfectly right in His ways. Sees ail, good and evil. God made ail things — heaven and earth and us. The Son of God our Saviour, Jésus. The blood of Jésus Christ deanseth us from sin. ^God does not withhold His Spirit when we cry for it. Whosoever believes in God, the Spirit of God lives in his heart. Those who die in their sin go to darkness and to fire. I will fear Qqà as long as I live. I pray for God's Spirit and light to lead my own spirit along the path to Him- self when î die. Was a slave ; was poor in spirit, and was drawn to cry to God to take my heart. HemarAs.—AnsweTS freely. He was tàken slave by the Hydahs ; brought back and sold to his own chief, and was some years a slave. The chiefs son sold him to his own friends, who set him fiée. Skulloh, aged 30. — Answers : — From my birth I hâve been a sinner. I cannot understand the size of my sinfiilness. Cannot of myself give up my sins, but God will help me. Jésus our Saviour came from heaven; that is the reason why we can be saved. T feel God sees and «nderstands ail wcT do, and think, and speak. Am not afhdd of the: judgment, for God is fiill of love and mercy, and the Son of God has made our peace. I pray God to prépare my heart to see Him. Remarks. — Was in a canoë with a child, who fired a gun by care< lessness.  portion of the boat tumed the shot from going into his back. He was led to think why a little pièce of wood should thus save his Ufe ; he became thoughtful ; heard Mr. Duncan was come to speak abottt God, and at once joined. OoSHi-NEEYAM-NAY, agied 24. — Answerss — Iwilltiy totakehold ■ of God's ways, and leave sip. When I remember imy sin my heait cries. I believe in God, who made heaven and earth, , and who is almighty. Our sins w6re the death of Jésus. The blood of Je déâtaséth SsfiôinïiiL Wènaast p«^ toGOd to pût"»»! Him. Jésus will dress us in His goodness. God sends His Spirit t6 make us' good. I am not afraid of the judgment, for I hope mj i $^ f^-i^^ ^ V" a». an ingatl^ertiig. m , right to sçe God, He wiU cast us into darkness. the Chymseans. Was very wicked when quite young: Wui M to puta^ymysin. I cannot eat again what I hâve vomited. Godis ^ty Jésus the Son of God. our Saviour. God wiU heaume rf I oy to Hun. We must seek God fi«t before any other thing. My father ^ mother stiU in heathenism. but I cannot go back fô ^for(^t'''-r''î?^*^°'*^ Ip«ynight\ndmoVn. mg tor God to pity and to pardon me. /imaris.-CBme by himself in a tiny canoë, across the sea, away from home, tojoin the Christian people. Thrak-sha-kawn (sorcerer). aged So.-AmT^ :^ wish to gjve up ail wiçked ways. Hâve been a medicine-man. and know the hes of heathenism. I believe in the gteat Father who made us. m Jtesus who died oi^ the ctôss that God would pity us. I want thé Spnt of God to touch my heart We must alî s^^ bef^^^ God wiUmeasure our ways. Noone to be his masterbut God. I Tlln^ZZ:''' '° "^^ ^°"°' "^^ '°°^^' ^"V^ ^-'^ "P 'o muln:;;^^."' "" ''' *° "^ much scor^^; to go through QU-TL-NOH. aged i9._^^^j ._i ^^h to put away aU sin foUowGod. Ibebeve m Jésus Christ, who died for our sin. (Sd's Spint prépares us for baptism. We shaU rise from the dead and «.. re God's children. I am wishfû] to s long as I live. iGod as ■ 'i \ LES. WAHTHL(wlfeof I^c),'^ 40.-<«™^.^I wish to put away evU and hâve a cleaUSj. Peel the pain of the remm ■..^^.Tr -^r ■■ -^ l ittle hope ^ atiU-X d< rtw mifle to pw lFwâ^ -Wough misérable Ix>ss of relatives. *nd finding no place^^ and fedii^ m darkness, led me to look to God I iTow tSt Sd «ent Hi» Son Jésus to die for our sins. .7iÂà$(.lkr:-iJi .%. -it^-.: ■ jM^l *;! ¥. <> ;iit: 158 étranger ti^an dTûtton. Remarks. — About nine months^cSnder regular Instruction. Sl^e is evidently anxious for her sotil ; knows the truth, but her sins are^ a burden that she bas nôt found peace. She bas been anxious her husband si) puld gO forwards in good. LoosL^wfdow of the cannibal chief wbo died pénitent), aged 25. —jîmwers : — I know how blind I bavé been. Was first tumed to /-God by the news of thé Saviçur. Was struck that Hé'Vame down amongst us. God is a Spirit fiill of love. Christ camarfajtkrry away our sins. We must pray for the Spirit to help us. I cbnfess my sins to God and cry for pity. I pray for my friends. ^ter death the judgment. Wé must stand before God. Jesijs wiU answer * for those who trust in Him. Remarks. — Upheld^er husband in bis wickedness. Was tUmed by his tuming-at his death. "^v ,, SHOObAitSL (wife of Clah), aged ^o.—Answers.—We must give up ail sin. God sees and knows us ail throUgh. Jésus died in our stead beçause we were bad. By the Spirit of J^pstts we must learti to walk in the good way. I feel struggle in my "n\ind, but persévère. I pray for pardon. WiU do ail I can to keep God's way. God's own Word promises that He will hear. ^■ NiSHAH-KiGH (chieftainess of the Nishkahs), aged 4S.—'Answers t —I must leave ail evil ways. J feeijpiyself a sfnner in God's sighl. I believç in God the Fat|jer Almighty, and in Iem^ Christ, ytho died for our sins. God sends down I^is Spirit to m%e us good. Jésus is iri-heaven, and is writing our names in God's book. We must ittina^ before God and be judged by Him. I feel God's Word is truth. ^ Pave been for some time accustomed regularly to pfay. Remarks.— Two years ago she was found giving Christiart instruc- tion to a sick and dying person. Her husband tells me she passed "^ imuch time in devotiçn. When she first heard the Word of God her sorrow was great, and.her pénitence more than she could bear« 'Some five years she bas been^eamestly seeking God. " ' 'i NAY^HK,4ged 3ô.-<-'^»w^rj;— ï hâve been a great sinner, but God bas opened my heart tb see good, and I am resolved by His ^^dp^|; oput 4^wayidl cvilMdliv< to God, -t pray for p*rdon*faiA God's'Holy Spirit. I feel unhappiness now amongs^ipy^heaUien friends, and bave pleasure only with God's^people. » > ' Rimarks.—^tT husband bas been sent away. 3h|p laniiined. ■y ■r' ^'^c".. ■,' 1 # \ • r-^ ;> ^ f -«59 Pe«on of the Sr* ^'^^''^ '^"^ *^ *° ^^^P«<=^ ^P'k of.each / X^^rf, qT j ^"^y^^o^^ pardon-for theHoIySpirih J*»». to the Mis,»- w^"r$ ^*'.^^ IZT'"'"' dam teart to GoA put off. I pray for a ■'V t house bjMMic uj' '1 ïo* for A. «Y w utn«5?^ *°Tî "^ ''"^••** •^' .'4. ••■ 'i i6o ôtrangw ti^an ;f(ctwn. \ . Lahsl, aged 22.— Answers :—I wish to be a Christian. Must put away ail sin. I believe in our Lord Jésus Christ, who takes away my sin. The Spirit is almighty ; strengthens my breath. We must ail stand before God. We must try to be good. Knowing this, I pray to God moming and evening. Death in the family first led me to think. I hâve been made bad by my people, but hâve now tumed to God, Hemarks :—Eighteen months under instruction. Been afflicted, and shown great constancy. Ahk-YAIK, aged 22. — Answers: — My sins I must leave. I pray to God for pardon. Believe in God who made us, and heaven and earth. Jésus Christ the Son of God, our Lord. He came down from heaven to our world to save sinners. God is a great Spirit. God wjU measure our ways. I hâve struggled against my friends who wish to get me away from hère. RefHarks. — About ten months under instruction. ShviT-LEBBEN (wife of Kow-al-ah), aged23.— /i«jwThrak-sha-kaun), aged Jji.—Answers t~l wish to " be a Christian. Was long time in sin, but npw hopo to give up every sin. Jésus died fo» our sins. Our Father made us and ail th i ngi . T h> S p i rit h e lp a us. We shaU imd G o d w he n-we dier having lost our sins. Thosç who remain irf their sins will be canied away. I prayed èo God for salvation. •',îfcj 9» ih»aatjmna. i6i Ihe examination concluded, the requisite pre- parafons were made for administering the rite of bapt.sm. The candidates, to the number of fifty. S.X, were assembled in the churchfand ranged i/a large croie, in the midst of which the ceremony was to take place. ' !„ 'T*"^ ''"P'-«^'>'"«=of the occasion was manifest m the devout and révèrent mannerof ail présent There were no external aids, sometimes thought necessao- for the savage mind, to produce or mcrease the solemnity of the scène. The building ^a bare and unfinished octagon oftl,gs,and sparf Zl ''^™-^«'y feet by sixty, capable of contammg 700 perdons. The roof wa^^artly open at the top ; and, though the weath^ was stiU cold wMte cloth, upon which stood three ha«d-basins of watér, served for the font, and I officiated in a ' surpuce. Thus there was nothiflg toJ„p.eJ"a,: «nses, no colour, or ornament, or church décoration ' ■ ""^.^V'""*»' si«:erity and serions pu,p6se with _^h.ch thèse childreh of the Far West we« ^ pnH t o . ffcr U iunselves t o C^, and to renounce for ever the hateful sins and cruel deeds^of thrir heathen,*™; and the solemn stiUness was b„.ken .♦■S"/ M .cion with marriage. Rings theyhave in abundànce gènerally.. Ihave counted thirty on ^ single pair b& hands. Ail ring^ were, however, absent on this occasion, excepting the one to be ùsed : two had silver, the third had a gold ring. There was no confusion : ail evidently were pîoperly impressed. Two of the young ladies hdJ vrl ill e dr e ss e s. I piesented each of t he coup ^^ with a fifty.pQ|jnd bag of flour and fivé pounds of \ ^ -*5k' \ "It was pleaang to see the strong désire of th. • Ch"st,a„s for the admission of thfr cMdlt" wW*, ,3 was the case with the adults. SeC«.! que ùons *ere hecessao. to be decided wh/r^Té still u„lapt,^ed, sought baptism for their childrl Prud^ce prévenir, ,this. Ch,Idre„.!f"„XZ; V Cfar,st.an, the oth?r heathen, ùft« adn^it^^Tv^ * ea. LhiWrcn over seven I did nbt admit; ' M S ' »y^K^ .^wê^èJSI'L ^ks *:f ■ iê- "*•- .■ >r! -V \ .'4'' .•.,,.;-iB:,i. -.4-' et • .A-.'.' 164 dtranger t^an iPûtion. considering they might be imbued with heatheh ideas, and should undergo training \n Christianity as a préparation for baptism, though to be baptized as infants. It was interesting to see, aft^rwards, children brought by their parents, and comîng of their own accord to hâve their nanijes set down fôr préparation." Before his de^artufe, the Bishop gave a feast of rice and molasses to ail the village. ' " They assembled in the octagon. Gloths were laid ; ail brought their own dishes and spoons. There were three tables, at each of which one of the chiefs presided. Their custom is to eat little at the time, but take away the principal part of the allotted portion : ail rise before and after the meal for grâce. Singing was then introduced, and ex- cellent, certainly, were the strains of harmony poured forth in the English tongue. Several well- known rounds were capitally sung. First, a boat- song; then — • * Whei» a weaiy task you find it, Persévéra, and never mind it.' . * Corne tel} me now, sweet little bird, Who deok'd thy wings with gold ?' < * See our oars, with feather'd spny[;" and lasc, 'Gjpd save the Qûeçn.* In this they were as quiclc and li\^ely as any children in the rJi- / >;.-> -A-y ,*. ' an feflatj^ennj. i6s world, % men joining, too, in good timel-voiG6s sweetand soft. Mr. Duncan afterwards addressed \ them in an learnest speech." ^ We hâve thus traced Mr. Duncan's work through its mitial -otages, extending over a period of five, years (1857.63). . We cannot better conclude this part of our narrative than by quoting once moré^ . Ihe words in which the Bishop of Golumbiar ex- " presses the opinion which his own persona\ expe- nence, and the unanimoùs testimony of those who • had been able to watch the work în its gradua/ development, had led him to form. "Ail former work, varied, >and interesting, and impressive as ' ministerial life is, seems insignificant before this maaffest power of the Spirit of God, touching the heaht and enhghtening the understanding of so maly recently buried in the darkness and misery of ifnorant and cruel superstition. . " To a wdrthy, zealous, and gifted lay brother is this the reward of his loving and patient labours Few would bélieve what Mr. Dyncan has gone through during the past four years and a half labouring alone amongst the heathen. Truly is -tha rasult an^^ea€ot^fagemen^ ta-og- ail — ITwîlI pfobably be the commencement of an important movement amongst other tribes, of which we 4 Is"^ ;v l ■ : 1 i i66 étranger t^an ;^trtton. '"E^réacly hâve signs, and should call forth a very eamest effort on tiie part of the Church to send forth a faîthful and efficient band of additional labourers for this harvest of îmmortal soûls.' X' \ A -jii f , > O v ~ •1 ■■ i ' *»*."*- ■/^-, /■ a very ;o send iitional X \ A * / •h ir* " t f \ ^* n \'- \. ,f.i0'- CHAPTER XIII. PAUL LEGAIC HE name— Paul-^chosen at his baptism by Legaic, was a singularly. appropriate 09«. Possessed of great power and influence, for a long season he had used them ônly for the purpose of hindering the progress of the Gospel, and had made himself notorious as a "persecutor and injurious." From hencefohvard however, we shall see him. sh(saving as much zeal in promotini: as he had before dine jn hindering the Faith. ,u ' .^^. But beîbre this change was brought about a period of severe trial had to be passed through Read in the light of his after-histoiy, Legaic's answers at the time of baptism acquire an especial interest, as showing how real was the struggle with the peculiar-tcmp t al faïTs^w htcïHbeset him T *^IfT turn back it wiU bé'more bitter for me than before, I pray God to strengthen me to do right My •î-, ;Af> ;^/^v,,„. r-' Jjk'. * :, ék^J n. A^A-j fciT „ir IMAGE EVALUATION TEST tARGET (MT-3) '/.^^^ h /. f/. vT £ 4''. 1.0 l.l 11.25 m m 12.2 lAo mil 2.0 - 6' 1.8 IIIIM U ■S^-^ ..-K ■ ^ m iV <^ .<<^ Sdenœs CorpOTation 23 WEST MAIN STKEET WEBSTER, N. Y. MS80 (716) 873-4503 4^^^ '^ rfi*' 7 1158 ** *traiij«r t)ii< Jïrtion. . prayers are from my heart. . We hâve not strength ^of ourselves." The temptation to return to Fort S.mpson and assume his former rank as Head ^.ef of the Tsimsheean. tribes, at ail times very .%ong seemed on particular occasions well-nigh :^sjsfble; ,veo. kind of ind„cement was hJd . Xr ^ '*"""'' '■"'"''' ""^ sut*rdinate Some time after his baptism it seefhed as if thèse mducements were lilcely to prevail. On ' °Z^T7l *' '"'"'"^ ^='*"«' ■>>'= «ends at Metlahkatlah together, and told them that he felt he must go away and retum to his former life The canoë waited on the beach, and many came down to see him gff. Taught from'infancy to regard h.m as their leader, ail were sorrowful, and some seemed to waver. Making his farewell address before stepping into/iis canoë, he told them that he could not helf/„hat he was doing that he was fu&d away; he knew that he was domg wrong, perhaps he should perish for ever, but stiU he must go. Tears came into his eyes as he shook them ail by the hand. Then, ajdst a gênerai «ouming and dismay, his canoë disap- P«ared fro m =•■"•••■ "'«l»- % Such was the description of the scène given to *«' if'ilffi Ir' " .^^^n-M*-^^-^- ::yÈà f- 3PauI aejaft ^ to i6g th€ Bishop of Columbia by one of the Metlahkatlah Indians who had left for Victonl the same day. "AfteF describing the scène," the fiishop writes "he said the Christian Indians held a great talk amongst themselves about it, and the gênerai impression was that^Legaic would retbm. He Jiimself thought so strongly. I was therefore most anxious to know the resuit, and to my joy I found that such had been the case. Legaic had not pro- ceeded beyond a few miles when he turned his canoë in-shore and landed, and there underwent a night of misery, such, he said, as no words can ' describe ; he would die a hundred deaths, and not ail would reach the amount of suffering he ex- perienced in that night of remorse. He Mv^pt before his God, and prayed earnestly for parâon. On his return he catne to the mission-house. Mr. Duncan received him purposely at first with coldness, but soon found him in the deepest dis- tress and misery, entreating his pity and forgive- ness. He has since been most earnest, and it is hopedy through God's help, he will now go forward without halting in his Christian course." _ Xro m t hjs t i me forwa r d Legaie' s condut i t aeemy- ^ to hâve been every thing that could hâve been wished. Not only did he set an example of steady \ S'^*'-^ 170 ôtranger tt)an dTûttim. industry in the calling which he had chosen— that of a carpenter and cabinet-maker— but he was always on the watch for every opportunity of seconding Mr. Duncan's efforts. Hère, for instance, is an account g|ven by the Bishop on the occasion of his second visit to Metlahkatlah, in 1865, of the way in which he us^d his influence :— "To-day Mr. Duncan brought before me a yoUng man, Edward, whom I had baptized in 1863, who, to the great^ief of his Christian relatives at Metlahkatlah, had fallen into bad habits at Victoria and Fort Simpson. Mr. Duncan ?pok^o him very earnestly, and brought him to teaJRt the young man still excused himself, and* admitting how bad he was, professed he had not'strength to amend, but must go on, even though to his destruc- tion. Paul Legâic, too, gave hîm some very earnest advice. It was pleasing to see and to hear that once ferocious savage, now not only gentle and in his right mind, loving to be on the side of God,. but forward in using his inffuence and speaking his words to promote God's work. At length an impression did seem to be made, and Edward said he would speak to us alone. Overwhelmed with ^cmotion^ h e ask e d me to pity^him anë to p r ay for him, and made me. a solemn promise he would -Si i : from thi, time amend. I do trust, through God', nierey, he may yet be recovered >• S"^"''» fay^ He .s mdustnous, and gains-a good liveK hood and lives in a comfortable house o^tis "t bu.Id.„g. with good glass Windows and a ve^ndTh Cha,rs were set for visitors, and we had much ta,t about the Missj^n, and the-work. and fte tri* Sr:;:^sÊ^:-— ostpri^î -:nî^rares^-4--f very mtelligent; „„e ortI,efirst cla^s inThe schô"' She d.d not look like one who had ever bee' 'possessed with a devil;- and yet this llZ^Z bleedmgdog. Howchangedf She who 'had the unclean spirit sits now at the feet of Jésus cîothed and in her right mind."' ^ ' °*^*' nottJ^rl*' '""' "■■""• **■■• °'"'«'» incidenully .^^g^g-stance xonstantly ..ndere.,^^-^ I^.c. on the occasion of his goi„g to preach at Fort Simpson. Describing one of thèse visits^he %t f^ ir^ 173 ôtranfltr tï)an iTutton. says, "Paul Legaic and Clah sat by me, one on either side. After I had finished my address on each occasion, they got up and spoke, and spoke well. Legaic completely shamed and confounded an old man, who in replying to my address had said that I had corne too late to do him and ôther old people good ; that had I corne when the first. white traders came, the Tsimsheeans had long since been good. But they had been allowed to grow up in sin, they had seen nothing among the ^rst whites who came amongst them to unsettle them in their old habits, but thèse had rather added to them fresh sins, and now their sins were deep laid, they (he and the othèr old people) could not change. Legaic interrupted him, and said, «"l am a chief, a Tsimsheean chief. You knpw I hâve been bad, very bad, as bad as any one herè. ï hâve grown up and grown old in sin, but God has changed my heart, and He can change yours. Think not to excuse yourselves in your sins ^y saying you are too old and too bad to mend. 'Nothing is impossible with God. Come to God ; try His way. He can save you.' He then exhorted ail to taste God's way, to give their hearts to Him, to leave ail their sins ; and JtheiLeadeavpured^ 5how them^^wh^ had ta - expect if they did so, not temporal good, not health, ,. I / 9anl Itjaft. '73 long m. or ease, or wealth, but God's favour hère and happmess with God after deàth " wnetlier at Fort Simpson or Metlahkatlah, Leeaic always toofc an active part in the proceedi^grôf c ounrr T*" "^"•^ "'' ""- °f »■"■'» -y acco„„t h been preserved, the foUowing one made on the occasion of the Dean of ViLiâ^ -.t to the settlement in ,86;. n,ay be taken aTa lair spécimen :— " We hâve h,ard your speech, sir ; we wiU obey. Mr. Duncan has showed us God's Word: he has taken our hands. and led us to God. We corne dnpp.ng away from sin, but our hearts are not y"t c ean. We are stiU craving the blood of Jésus to cleanse us from sin. Ho. can we return o i p To God we wll go. The ladder has been set up Jésus ,s tljat ladder. Hère let us die, put oT; bod.es .«Uth^^gVound when God calls us. I„ con c us.o„ ,et h.e say, God has given you to ^i: ilp^red^""" "^ "' ^'""'•^ ""^y y- "e ■ th's constant allusion t» " tbe^hanged" ui i-egaic. In the various articles or letters contributed from time to time by travelle» 'T. . . . LL*.,., «74 ôtrangfr Ofan ffiction. to the Victoria newspapers, «Paul Legaic, Mr. Duncan's Grand Vizier/at Metlahkatlah," always cornes in for a kindly notice. "Take a walk ^hear the church," writes oiie, "and you may see the mighty chief of Fort Simpspn (Legaic) standing under the porch of his well-built house, ornan^ènted with fancy casing around where thé gutters should be, tiut are not, and also around the Windows. Legaic ! why, I reiaember him myself, somç ten years ago, the ternfying murderer of women as well as men, now lamb-led by the temperate hand of Christianity— a Church-goin^ example— an able ally of the Tempérance Society, though not having signed the pledge."' Another writer, speaking of the care with which Mr. Duncan had studied the tastes and capabilities of those whom he set up in various trades, says, "Accordingly, as you pass into Metlahkatlah, you' may see old Legaic, the former chief, busily work- ing under a sign-board which informs passers-by that he is a carpenter and cabinet-maker." Legaic's end was such as might hâve been ex- pected from the consistent life which he had now for some years led. In the course of the year 1869, he had gone on a visit to the Naas river^ and on h.-g_ retum was taken sèriously ill at Fort Simpson. '*!%., 9àyLl tegaîf. showed me the ladder that rScL^t ^"'^ ^"^ ' • I am on that ladder ftow i .V T"' ""'' ^-»^Ien,,lo„,,„,„.J-;^;W„ot lo liis great sorrow. Mr Dnn., unable to obey the summ.f ^«^0^ T' ™tire management of " '""^Z^"' *« him. The departments" LZ ""'^T' '"" ^" ''» cases of serious s ckn" ' T °' "^^'^' °*er ■'in, toleave jC «'tl^tr'^ ^^-'^'^ ^ï therefore, in answer to this a^H ■ "'^ """«^ -mmons which fCwldTllcn '"' ""'" -parate messe„,e., to co„te„rhtas:,f ::r "l mg messages of love and counsel t^^e .Tk^^n'- When, a few days later th. » .. '"^'^ were brought to mS^L'''^ "' '"^ ''^^* 'hemthfoi,o.i„,„„,„ttdt;t:'^^ca^ am^^Xf •!?:/. "^'-lettertosa/x trial, and tempution ?T^ *° '"'' ''°'^ «'•'"''"«. & words of our Lord Jésus Œrist^ '^""""'" 176 ôtianger tifan iTictton. Those who had been with him during his illness said that the one spécial su|yect ôf thankfulness to which he was continually^ferrin^ was, that Gûd had held back his hand from hurliing Mr. I)unéân at a time when he had determined to take his life. Such was the end of this once "haughty, fierce, Savage murderer and sorcerer." %i no âge or country probably has Mission wofk.had any more striking instance to point to of the power of redeem- ing love and grâce. Contrasting the closing scènes of his life with those in which he first appears in our narrative— now as a reckless murderer, and again as the leader of the Savage band of medicine-men who threatened Mr. Duncan's life— remembering him as one who boasted of the number of lives which "had been sacrificed to gratify his fierce passions— the very postsofwhosehousehad been planted each upon the bleeding body of a slave slaughtered for the occasion ; and then calling to mind the circum- stances of his after-history— the entire surrender of ail that an Indian holds most dear; his resolute battling with the powers of evil ; his steady per- sévérance for several years, and the eamestness with which, during ail that tim e. he sough t to hring ^5më to otliers the saving knowledge of the truth iiimi 33àul %tgaic. by which he had himspîfil ^ ' -fat the convicttrla^:: TT^' "^ ^='""<" ■•" favour of mU^ ^"^ ;?".'* ^'^"'^"' • distinct réfutation of tT^ di S ' *"" ""^ ""'^ too often hear p„t forward thaullh""""'^^' ""^ who hâve already erown oM L '"^'^ °'' "'°'e Gospel is „o, "powerfui o T "'^^ °'^'"' ^^ «ronghoidV-andZILtit*:/""'"^ '^°™ "^ ■'-.beexpectedtoh:::rxr^--*- .fore remarkable by his foL Ztl „'T'''"' ■s only one out of a very w" k ' '"''°'>' Wnd which the exniri .'"''*'■ °'" a similar furnish. "'P'"|f°f*W» Mission would 'oilirpTir; '■"&' *" ^^^-'^ ^■•-o' -M be one' of c:rside^:: iZe^b' t"' """ '' as an illustration 6f the Jt l ' ' '^«arded -nder particular ci„ '''"*"^ P"^""-» 'abour, it affords a 1,1""' ''^ ^''^^''"'a.y fesson at once J:^^'::;'^ ^'-^-^ '«son-^ '^"•'•ng, not for a moment t^ ^"^-agement : of " » «-e pe.i.ent reCC^tl;'^;^;- îâk.iDf'.ii'^.'-V . ' > .'. i-^-' L- ##• N .. V 178 étranger tt^m ^fiction. ■ i. Cross in the hearing °even of thç most àpparently hardened. That, humanly speakîng, a great part 6f Mr. Duncan's success, especialfy alf first, was due to the persistency with which he went to ^ose who would not Gome to him, and to his rçsolute deter- ftiination to déclare ^a-sall, " whet^er they would hear or whether they woiiîd forbe^,'^ \the counsel ând will of God regarding them, therè can be-no doubt. \ ' ; . When the Word of God is not "glorified" in tKe manifestation of its power, may it not sometimés be because it has not thus " free course " ? . * F2^ ^ t .N J . CHAPTER XIV. THREE yEARs;wORK. E now a.Ust return and take up our narrauve at the pçi„t at which "h" name of Paul Legaic tempted us to oflicatmg clergyman this ttae was hTp" ^' ' Mission." His own J . '■'' ^olumbia -efr^i:;^S-^-;/-^ap.«,si,He- sound of the beirfw - ^"^ >'°""g*at the need to ,ock d^"' ^ "^ " """'"P ^"^^ ^^ empty hcuses. S;/! 1, " "° °"^ '" ^"'^ '"e . place, ;^à for onJ n " '''""'"«' '" *^ -?"-= ■■'*^i / the grèat cfcu f h,II '"/^"^-.^^^^ ^^ft hand J hall. I was surprised to learn N a • K •"* \>\ i8o êtranser t|)an jTictton. from Mr. Duncan afterwards that he had never bidden them to do this ; they seemed to |iavè adopted the arrangement instinctively. Service began with a fiymn in Tsimsheean. He led with his concertina, The air waâ very plaintive and beautiful — sung by some 300 voices, men, women, and children — it ,thrilled through me. Then fol- lowed Prayers in Tsimsheean, at the close of which ail joined in the Lord's Frayer in English. Then'.- foUowed a chant ; one of the Psalms he had trans- lated and taught them, to a fine old Gregorian. His addlress, or sermon, of nearly an hour, was ùpon the story of Martha and Mary. His manner and gesticulation were animated and striking, very much after their own style. Their attention never seemed to flag throughout. He asked me to address them, which I did, shortlyv upon ^ their présent lightas compared with their past darkness, and the difficulties they must expect in their new cause of Christian discipleship. Mr. Duncan inter- prete4 for me. Before separating, they sang again in Tsimsheean a sort of sacred air, which seemed familiar to me,' and was exquisitely beautiful. I ^found afterwards it was the anthem, * I will anse, and go to my Father,' somewhat Mtered, and made more Indian in its character. It suited their vôices A C}r« flatt' VStA. i8t admirably. I closed with a short prayer in Eng. Iish, and pronounced the Bénédiction. "The service was most sWking. It was hard to reahze that three years ago thèse had ail been sunic ■n the deepest heathenis.<^th ail its horrible practices. What hours, what whole nights of wrestling in prayer, hâve been spent by this single- mmdedfa.thful servant of God, i„ humble suppli- cabon that he might ■ see of the travail of his soûl ' and how has he been answered ! There is nothing too hard for the Lord. Service over, Messrs..Dun: . can and Veraey joined me in partaking of the Holy Communion After the Bishop-s next visit there W.11 be, I hope, Indians ready to communicate whenever opportunity is offered "Tu^ciay, Oct. â7M._I „ent on shore in the rftemoon, to take up my quartes with Mr. Duncan. About fo„ o„<«k jhe bell was rung. and the whole village assembled at the schoolhouse, when Mr. Duncan told them that on the foUowing Sun- day, those who desired it, and also on examLtion approved the^nselves, would be admitted to Holy Bapfsm. Candidates ^were to assemble tha^ -^^f^^^'^ *»«i«^a'thefr nameS-TnTïîr= address to them he was ve^r pointed and stringent -fencmg m, as he afterwards told me. the door of l82 étranger t^àn iTtrtwn. admission. He told them the strict, unc^rapro- mising requirements in those who thus^ sought to join themselves to Christ and His service. Better that they should postpone so solemn and awful a step than corne to it unprepared. At the hour appoînted the candidates were assembled. Fifty- five gave in their names. Several were absent who would hâve corne* forward had they been there ; but, as my coming was not anticipated, at least 150 to 200 were away for their last hunting and fishing excursions before the winter, and would notbeback for some weeks. "Saturday, Oct. ^\st.—l was hard at work with candidates the whole day, from 9 a.m. till 11 p.m. Out of fifty-five who offered I accepted thirty- eight; twenty-one maies and seventeen females. I was strongly impressed with the real earnestness and dévotion of those who came forward, and with their acquaintance with the simple, saving truths of th# Gospel message. " A few answers may interest you. " Comkahgwuçi, aged about twenty-five, a fine young man—to the inquiry, what led him first to think of Christ— said, ' It was the winter before last The new school was butlt at Fort Simpson. Mr. Duncan asked ail the Indians one Sunday to corne ^iËâ!iJh:^iiM^'tl%Û-J^^l^J&bË'L < ^ Vim. Star»' Wotfc. 183 to church I had never b^en^T^^^^^T^^^, ^Wthen ; but now/when I heard thfa, îwant^ s.n and H.s feehng towards sinners, he said, 'God's heart.saga.„stsi„, He is ango^ with it. But He Jésus Chnst do for us P) .Je.us came dow„ from H.S Father to d.e for our sins on the Cross.' (Is He dead sfU >) ■ Oh, no I He rose up from death^ He ;^ m heaven now. He is working for us there. He ^sp„nk,,„g „3 with His blood to make us clean / (Wha must we&ai-^and do to be Christians ?) ■' We must W our sinful ways ; we must hâve ne^ hearts ; our old hearts are bad. We must believe ' do::H-H,T°.'^'"'^"^^°"^> 'J---^' down H,s Holy Spint to strengthen our hearts - we must keep praying for His good Spirit ' ml vZ P-yroritO 'Iamalways%orkirii.pSërfo h.s heathen stata Thr^years ago he was p^T 184 ôttangw tffan dFiction. voked by another of the tribe, and wronged in the same way. He watched him out of the village at Fort Simpson, and then shot him dead. It weighs much upon his mind now. " Hère are some answers of an elderly woman : 'I want to take hold of the hand of God. He is willing to pity me ; our sins killed Jésus ; but His blood saves us. ï must leave ail my sins, for Jésus suffered for them. We shall stand before God ; we must see God's righteousness. He will give His hànd to the good, but He will put the wickedaway from Him.' This woman, who cannot be less than fifty, has had no instruction from Mr. Duncan, save what she has heard in church. It has come cliiefly from her own daughter of fifteen, who is one of the Mission-house inmates, and has been with Mr Duncan for four years, his best and most promising young couvert. She has been baptized by the Bishop, and has now been the instructress of her parents, both of whom will be baptized by me to-morrow. " From two or three elderly men I got of course answers less full. It is hard for them to rememôer truths so as to give defuiite answers in words They leei and know more than they can explaia In a few cases Mr. Duncan said. if I would allow P [i^J i,\4 tÎK» Seaw' motbi' »85 him,he would „ot put anyquestions lothemforma'îi^ but would leave them to tell i„ their ow„ way why they sought for baptism. And very touchinglt w^ stand them. One. with tears streaming down said he was very old, and must soon die ; bu"; he winted to be at peace with God. He knew his ways had • been bad ail his life ; but he had had no ligh'^ and ZL t""'!f *° '>^'°"g'° J-«^.forheknewiesus loved h,n, and died for him. Of cou^e I could not t.on, they hardly came up to the standard reqnired, and .t was better that they should be more IhUy who satisfied me in their knowledge I rejected because their character for steadiness and golÏ J not satisfacto.y; and one young woman, Z about e.ghteen, I refused to examine at ail She Th ^^'^fr^ f^' "'' of dishonesty lastsummer, and then left the settlement and retumed to the heathen at Fort Simpson. A few weeks ago she came ^ck; but Mn Duncan was hardly issf aware of .»»■.. xHi . -— ■— -^^— u.;. a>rar e_ot return tiU last week. She received a severe reprimand for coming forward at ail (her name was not m our first list), and an intimation from him " sÉïiâW^W: J^ JÉt....:l..\*'J i86 étranfltt ti^an drittion. that her offence had yet to be taken notice 6( The choosmg of names and other preliminaries of the arrangements for to-morrow occupied us for nearly twohours. In thf case ofthosewho had relatives aiready bapti.ed-mothers, or sisters. or parents, or ch.Idren-the same family name was kept One young lad of sixteen, whose answering had much pleased me, was called Robert Dundas. Lient Verney was allowed to name two candidates aller h.msélf and his brother. Two very pleasing young women of not more than sixteen, I was anxio'us to name after my sisters, but I found that they had a ready borne English names, being in Mr. Duncan's bv?h* ? V^' "'°°'' '"•" ^= "^^y "''* known by thèse he did not wish them altered. " Suuday, Nov. i w.-AU Saints' Day. To-dav I was privileged to perform the mostinteresting scène I hâve ever taken part in since I left England F,fty.two souIs hâve been baptized with water and the Spint, and added to the Church of Christ, most of whom were walking a few yearsago in the dark- ness that m.ght be feit of degraded heathenism. After service on board, Lient. Verney accom- pamedme oq shore. The Baptismal Service was ^geé*rlHtepfecëatTwo,ToraduTts,-of^onr ^^ere were th.rty-„ine. A second service was fixed forthemfants of some of the Christians. thirteen in \.., M^n gw«' movk. 187 number, ^t five o'clock A l^r,,^ was ar«„ged on a low platform a one s del ,fi ' great circular Mission-house On T , ^UT.Iice. stole, and hood. The se-^^rceof i"'' -'^.rn rradtr ^^'-™ ^^^^^^ yo.enb,C.:tStB^l-:-- Ts.m,heean. The candidates werelZ^ •' ' '" -the men behind, the women in fr^Tn 7' «de of the™, au .ound the hall, w ^L r^s toTth" congrégation, Indians and «ifl;„ At tht Pomt in the service one K, . P™?*' stepped Wd inlnt" f 'rheZLir' '"" gatio-V ¥^. Duncan called up eihrvT .""?"" nan,.-|„^„3wert„.,re,:er'N^^^^^^^^^^ s:«':r.''"rrh'eMte"h"T'r''^"^ -jving hi™ or herlt^rS : cl^ "■'! signing him wifh h.. -■■ ,.. ""^^ °' t-hifet, and f«> tfat theyttrb^r^trdtr^"''"^'^" returning one by one toT" , *'°"- °° down in silentpC The Bant t '''' '"'^" H ayer. jjie Baptism being ended. |(^Ssïlàj&.f ^ P' . fl'-î '' ^. ^ i88 étranger ti^an jTwtîon. I offered up the two concluding prayers, ail joining in the Lord's Frayer in English. I then addressed the newly-baptized. ■ *" Friday, Nov. 6/>5.~Up anchor, and started at seven. Mr. Duncan came off ih his çanoe to say good-bye. The Indians ran .the British ensign up as we passed the flag-staff, 'which Liiut Verney acknowledged by'hoisting ail his colours— red, white, and blue — at main, fore, and mizen. And so I bid good-bye to this most interesting place. It takes its position now as one ôf ,the civilized Jowns or villages of British Columbiâ. But it.is more than that : it is the enduring witness of the faith and patience and love of one unaided Christian teacher, whose sole reward (the dhly one he has ever coveted) is the soûls he has been the honoured in- strument of bringing from darkness to light. ' I hâve seen Missions in various parts of the world before now' (said Lieut. Verney to me), ' but no- where one that has so impressed me with the reality of what has been accomplished.'" The history of the next two years (1864-56) is one of uninterrupted progress, both in spiritual and ^ecular ^attêfô. ^ months after Mr. Dundas's visit, Mr. Duncan writes : — LiV *î^ÈÉtV juif L r*»^*. ^ ^H^ - «iW »«««(• ÎIKotit. ,g andt r^' ""■"''^' ^'« now prepa„„g for baptism but some few hâve fallen, and hâve been excfm ,mun,çated ; h„t with o„e exception, aU surh,:" con^rL^!"''"^ '"""'"'' ~"*'''"«' 'o b^ «te"ded by evS " "^'"^ '™" 3°° '° 4°°- O» Sunda^ Zrf 7 '"^ ™= ^'^° ''^''^' « «h'A after ^horted the othe. „aki„g the addre.es giLT; cr remarks. About loousuallvattendprl on thèse occasions. ^ attended But perhaps one of the most encouraging signs of ^rn^ve* together for woT^fpWtBïSunday^aSf = «bit AnInd.anofFortSimp^,^ohasrece,Ved •il 190 étranfler ti^an dTtction. a good deal of instruction from me (though he is " not a résident at oùr new village), came hefe a few days ago, bringing seven young men ^vith him from one of the highest villages up the Naas river, over 100 miles from hère. He brought them that they might witness for themselves the things of which they had heard him speak. IJe has been residing at this village as a fbr-trader, but hé has also dili- gently employed his talents for God, sètting forth the Gospel where it had never been preached before, and has met with great encouragement and apparent success. I had the whole party at my house last Wednesday evening, wHen I endeavoured very solemnly to impress upon their minds and hearts the first princîples of the Gospel of Christ. Though ifttending to return home on.the following day, they decided to remain over the Sunday, that they might receive further instruction td^carry back with them to their waiting and t^irstjA tribe. "They were anxious to^carry in their hands a portion of God's Word, so I wrote out for each, on a pièce of paper, — 'This is a faithful saying, and worthy of ail acceptation, that Christ Jésus came into the world to savë sinners.' I also gave the T n d ian trader a n d te acheg some further instrue^ tjons, and pointed him out portions of Scripture ( j ■ii ^httt ^\avi' movk. Amongst the natives who stiU remaiged at F^ Simpson the influence of tl,e Metlahlcau!h f / was also constantly exerted fo/^T tl"!""" to tipe a "deputation" of Christian inH spécial visits to the Fort "fo T. """"= K tneir slumbering brethren there" tu resuit was a^ far ^,. •* "'^re. iiig "Theher;rnLe%::::^r;:t-f«o^. . and heatheftish worlf ITL^T. l" ^^""''"S It was at once arranged tliat Mr. Doolan should take up a distinct work amongst the India^s o^t Naas nver to which district, accompanied by a' nat^e^^ech., San,nei Marsden. He-'accordi; ^us^as the fin^t distinct off,hoot-fte«.-M,.^ ^n s work happily planted. Of the res^ts^ .h..ve„t„rewecannot hère speak at leigtlTl^dît "^- .' jÇ jVaii 192 Ôtranger tj^an J^ictiofl. must suffice to say that, aided by sèveral Christian Indians from Mètlahkatlah, Mr. Dpobnwas soon^ able to establish a flourishing Mission-sta&on, which^ is still (1871) doing a most important work. . ^ Of the progress n>ade at Mètlahkatlah in spécial departments of work, such as training native cate- ^hists, educating the elder girls, and the organization of the various seçufer affaira of the settlement, we . shall fiope to give a detailed account in future chapters. By dealin^ with thèse subjects sepa- rately, we shall bémie to give our readers a clearer view of the methods adopted in each case, and of the measure of success which attended them. With regard tô the outward appearance of the ^settlement at the period at which our narrative has ârrivpd (1866) we may make one or two quqtations from the letters of thoke who visited î^bâMt this time. The Bishop ç^olumbia write^B^Kag "Great improvemerits Jiave taken V^ÊÊS^mny visit in 1863. A neat' row of Jjouses faces the beach. At one end ^ the bastion with flagstaff, the ^l^issionjiouse, and a large school chapel. From another street of houses extends at rîght r- -^ *^fJf"°^'» fadng anether veiy prett y Group|(rFK(rell-dressed Indians were waiting •;l ** % "^w |?eaw' mork. thengav.a„ad^r wT^^"--"S.;i ^ fe-e„tA»e„s,boïi„\^„l^:/^^^^e ; .^ Prayere, and ako «,» î Tsiqisfieean «>e village T^ ,h .^'^T'"^^ "'^''«d round attached^^ërch:'™';^ '^i^-'-ens .lUch a. , the Imprëssio-TSide upon wl T^. '"^^ "' ^~~" iahkatlahy- , '^ «-n by a nsit to Met.. ,. ]' \ - i.a!l!è.J^; •IM.J!-'' *-'»'! ^^Û*ï'.V(., «rtïilt^ ^-j-'i ~.,»'i^v' 194 ôtranget t|^an JTwtwn. " Though not," he says, " of the same dénomina- tion as Mr. Duncan, and having no interest to subserve by my advocacy of his great claims to the respect and gratitude of ail true Christians for his meritorious services in the good cause, it is with feel- ings of the utmost pleasure that I beaf testimbny to the great good effected by this Worthy man during hisperiodof self-eJcile at Metlahkatlah. Sometime ago reports were industriously circulated that his influence over the aborigines was rapidly on the wane, and that he used every means to prevent his people from trading with the vessels çalling at the Mission. With regard to the first assertion, it is simply ridiculous, The confidence reposed in Mr. Duncan by his dusky flock has never for a moment been shaken, in fact is daily on the ihcrease, as the many additions to the population from outside sources will attest, as well as the alacrity with which he is obeyed in every command having for its object the good of the community. . A notable instance of the latter I witnessed in the ready manner in which they turned out to do their quota of statute labour on the streets, orpaid its équivalent in blankets, &c.: no coercion, ail was voluntary, for t h ey see th & ben efi t in front of theirown d t ^ors! Their hearts seem to be centred in their little •*^ ^^àmàt^i^U-L ,^j^lU!s%t^i&>^^t4»^ _ji.4 ^^ ^b.b ^.Wc V ^I^w l^raw' movk. town, and vou ran ;„a- ^ ""^ founder. ^ **'" ''°'^ it and its voyage, and stoDoTr i '"^'*"^''»» °n » trading haï ev;,yiSn^ H ;^' "' M«<=*'^atlah, and '-«ckinj«:s:rnS v^ ""'■ °™- ■■- «»o"gh: *)ur trade ZnjT"'''°^^°"' Mission, hence tlie o^T l *=~"'^«i at the commerce.' "'"^ *''»•" ''«erfering wiA o^tHat.erui:il'r™«'e"ossp., acres ofwhichwpr^ ^ ^ ' ^^'"^ twenty »P .-. . »'Wii i,., , ■fSWBJ'lV''. ■ "^ww'ilP "tllTO »««• ÏHotfc their intelligent featurgs. Their conrf„.f a ■ divine service was «f^vli '"^"^ ,""<'"<=» dunng hâve done crédit to many a more prétentions édifice • than that at Metlahkatlah and ^K "''t ' "'• """"^""'^ P^°P'^ "« industrious and sober; they are courteous and hospitable to stn.ngers„„d, if properly protected by the Gotm! me^t aga,„st the poison-vende. of this land Ju in time b^me a numerous and wealthy peopk " At the risk of its involving some littie rZ^on rco?„fo"'u^°"r."'°'^<'"°'='«- ''-C- accoun p„M,shed m the Columbia newspapers, of Ir^^VT' °" *^^ North-west Coast of " On reachiné the Metlahkatlah settlement, on the coast, about ieventeen miles from Fort' Simpson ttemT T '^'""''"'^ '° -■'"- ="1 thé «^temal and mternal évidences of civilization There are about 600 natives residing in theTe r' bunt' r m':^ "^^ ': -"^"-^"'^ woodenVo:^; The i„t" r !'^''' '""' ^'"^ K'»^= ^i-dows. Themtenorofeach dwelling is divided into sepa^ conta^n .s kept in good order, and clean. The«'^ a gaMen atUched to each house. ,yhich the o^^ 198 dtranjjer t|^aii diction. cultivâtes, and in them ail Mr. McKenzie saw ex- cellent growing crops of potatoes and turnips. "The people, both maie „ and female, are ail conjfortably clad, the resuit of their own industry andlprovident habits. "the village contains a church, part of which is usedjas a school during the week. Mr. McKenzie attei^ded divine seririce on Sunday, and was amazed at the sight of the large congrégation of native converts assembled. Their deportment and solem- nity during the service he déclares could not be excelled by any Christian congrégation which he had ever previously united with in.worship. Mr. Duncan read the Church Service, and afterwards ^reached in the Indian language. It was évident to Mr. McKenzie and his companions that the natives took a deep and intelligent interest in the services from beginning to end. The apathy and listlessness which is observable in the countenance of an untutored Indian has entirely departed from the Metlahkatlahs. Most of their faces are remark- able for an animated appearance and intelligent expression. "Mr. Duncan teaches school during the week, .and^ias tru ct s t he n ative s how ^ use the âppl l âricés* of modem civilization in cultivating their garden^ «Un» »«««• Oldtk. bu.Id.ng their houses, and sawing timber, as well a, ma„y other useful arts. He ako supctintJllZ «lage.store,actsas.agistn.te,settl« al. ^^^ *a may anse, and, in fact, has his hands full Z Perfonnmg the arduous labours which devolv" upon h,m, and which hâve resulted i„ such complele -ccess as scarcely to be believed, unless. as M^ McKenziestates, it has been witnessed. The contrast between the Fort Simpson Indfans and the .«habitants of Metlahkatlah, is like tha between darkness and light : at Fort Sinq>so„ a^ gross .ç,ora„ce, barbarism, degn.datio„, filth, and ev.1: whdst at Metlahkatlah civilization progre^ enhghtenment, cleanliness, and Christ Lnity Z everywhere observable. fi^mg hu„t.„g, and trading. The Mission store wants, and at rates much cheaper than sirailar goods can be procured f^n, the traders who infest Ae coas . The profits arising ont of the store.Mr M Kenz,e .s satisfied, goes to the benefit of tte mterest m .t whatever. Natives hâve now the ex- , dusivp management of the missionaor schooner ,li ■ V 300 ■ étranger tfjaii dFiction. settlement Several of the Indians act as cohstables and havo perfo^ed their dutywith much S hasMr. Duncan m them, that hewould hâve no ht r l ^'""'"' ^^' '="^'5' ■'""' ^ house for as résident Missignary. He. intends erectine ère having the Indians trained to perforq, ail the work connected with those branches of manufactuTta; :: riaf • ^^^^^-^'^ "-^ »„„„ "^;*;:t to fte amazmg amount ,of substantial good done exerts over the natives is not confined to those underh.s charge alpne. The improvement, which about, has become extensively known among the wandenng Arabs who inhabit^he British poss^s! sK,„sof the Pacific, and the tribes are no. des'ou, ofbemg,nstructedbyMission*)es. Mr. McKenzië ■n h.s tpvels up Naas and Skeena rive., hlfhl"^ •^1 .?r''' *' '"°^' f^^"' "'*" to hâve «e m h.s narrative has only spoken of what J,e wit. v^« .i.M;._,.,b, , nessed h.mself, and he is „ot a bad witnes. to f . commg vnder his own observation H. ^'*' srent Scotchman, who has tZ^H ^" '"'<"■ beine of 'an ,n^ T"*'^"'^"' '« "o' easily deceived, "ngol aninqumngturaofmind- In making sUch quotations as the abov. mam object has been to enable olr I realùe the „atu,« ahd extent of L " "M "^ *° «fiich, up to the date aTlhil ""' ""'^""^ B"t an indirect object w" W ^H '^ •«en to give an ilL», 7 . ^ '" '"^«' ''«s " give an illustration of the fallar„ «<■ *i. Popular idea that few, if any, branche' ofj work would stand the test of a Z °" - unprejudiced observe.^ tI « e T'^^'r ""^ anotherwriterwhowasbroughtintodo " °' ^fMr"Sca^«-srr:::;\^^^^^^^^^ IndUnsu-ndt!!^;:--- ascèse et impressions ,o utterly àt variance ^Ju .t " .and hahit^i/ >ri. "^ ^"^^® ™ï their nature "^- ^" =>« fc« of us who doW "" _ " '"'•<»»*«r,>BrilUiColo.,bta,»p.33,. «•!&•. :ti«:. 302 étranger ti^an dRfti'im. number amongst our friéndsor acquaintances some who hâve taken this sceptical view of mission-work. Only a few weeks since the writer heard a clergy- man at a largely-attended rurj-decanal meeting say, " I confess I hâve for sqme years givén up doing any thing for missions, for I hâve so often heard of their failure that I hâve lost ail confidence ^ m them." If such' opinions are held even by the clergy—and that they are held by at least a large minority of them there is unhappily no room to doubt— how can we expect any hearty co-operation from the laity? Every one knows how extremely difficult it is to answer thèse gênerai assertions, or to remove such vague and undefined impressions. The présent narrative of facts will, it is hoped, afford at least one clear and distinct illustration of the injustice of so sweeping a verdict. Would that any one could answer the question, Whyis it that more illustra- tions to the same effect are not forthcoming? The sceptical will assuredly say, Because any thing like real results attending missionary labour are not the rule, but the rare exception of the work. Those who know that this is not the case can only admit t hat , in not prodacing their witne^ës, a"d thus allowing judgment to go by default, our missionary r a countiy fuled by the ores, ^ ."''■ Thatin ^°* in a„y particular fieinfL "^ °' *"' and, strange as it m=. ^"'■' "^y 'ré- sistent withthllT'^ ,T' ""' '""'^ '^-~"- -- is perHaps „« fth;! ^^T" =="=" * ° "^ ">« Pect If only Qur sor,W ! reasonably ex- they now spènd in "D.r. . . ^ °^ ^^^^ -.o„th:p„,;^^i"-°;;;.;^^o3e.^ «steiL^i^er.-r'^''-"^^^^^^^^^ histo^ or mi j,t':r;rM r :t- '- ^^-^ veo' speedily inaugumted 17 T "'^' '^ wlio alone hâve the ni \ ^ '°"^ *^ «hose ,o„ Missions .If^ Ifrl H "*"°''^' ^^P-*'"e Veat body ofTl^Tu ?°'"^ ^' «° '«"g will the ^'l^b^^do^r ^* -«'■■■nportance o. " Wedonotbyany^eansundervaluetheuseful. \ti''àsétsài/tt *'--. 304 ôtraiijtr tj^n dTtftùjn. ■^ ness of such publications as our sotieties already ^ produce. They doubtless hâve at least a conser^- tive influence ; but their aggressive power upon the gênerai scepticism of the day is absolutely «||?and that from the simple fact that they are n6t^and perhaps from their nature cannot be/adapted to the reading of any one but those possessed of a considérable amount of previous information on the subject of which they trcat. Whât we want are books prepared .by those whose %|ftes will carry weight, and of sufficient pretensiôfls „ ta secure the attention of educated men, and of the secular presa If our societies persist in hiding their light undér a bushel, they hâve no reasoiî to complain if the public do not recognize the good work which they are doing. Let them once place it on a candie- stick, and we hâve no doubt that the public will quickly recognize and take a more active interest in the efforts which they are so perseveringly making. r -^ ^ 'M&>^ .' r ! CHAPTER XV. L , LAW, AND POLICE. îa^t^' 1 "°"'' "^^ ^='''<" t° Met. lahkatlah was the remiîari,,- W number, and " as fine a sérnf ^ ""■' *"""'>' «Puldwish to see_r vl f ^"""^ """" ^ y»" cap. °^"' ^"'^ band round thç , Thèse men, with the council ..f ^ i chief, Legaic, cpnstituted ^ l/ ^ ^^ ^"^ ^^^ Mr. Duncan presided ^^^^"tive, over which The kind of disciol. t^ f community. • *se.ph„e wh.ch was kept up, and ■5.. ac6 ^ étranger tl^an ^Tïrtton. V . tjie influence of public opinion ambn^t them, iV welUllusti-ated by the foUowing incident, mentioned in aletter written in 1855 :— " The constables, as a body, are very true and faithful. Last winter they were severely tested. : One of their own body, and a very influential onr^^: too, having gone wrong, was brought before us, and '' that by his very bosom friend ; and we had to sit over his case till after mîdnight to reclaim him. I punished him by fining him five blankets, and should hâve kept him in custody unless he had confessed his error and begged pardon. Ifyouhad heard the kind and powerfuUy melting languag». which, one after another, his brother constables poured upon him to convince and subdue him, you would hâve rejoiced, I am surfe. It was really ' wonderful. They triumphed, and with teafe the , prodigal returned, É.ut part of the sentence was, that he was to leave the settlement for a short time, as I could not allow him to be seen in our midst The day after a deputation of constables waited 4ipon me, to beg for this part of the sentence to be cancelled. They came direct from a meeting to which he had been called, and after hearing his ^orroyful wor d s a n d- good^. r esolutions, ^ hey ptQ= mised to use their influence to obtain permission to remain at the settlement, but not tp go from his »ato anlr »oR«. co-ented to thO p^p^, "*™"f ""^ "'"■ ' " About three weeks afi-*»r fi,- t. "^ fo-npany with his accti^h '^^.^^ r '"h "'^' ■'" •ng that he wished to see mv L ? '"™d-say- ■ ail the Chri,tia„s C„iX c r ''^' '"''"'■^ were not Çhristians. This Js d™ /? "" """^ , a naturally proud and a verv J,,,?, ? '''""' deplored his sin, praised Cr^ r r^ ^ ^'"^''^3' •ne and ail his i^^t^^r^^ «■»>'«=« witl,hin,,expressed/hisso^L:^"!r '?="''=" ^ haï given us pain, and llZd^T ^' "" Christian, and resolved in rj^fj^^ """^ "f newiife,and be mlC^ 3^ a" présent against sin, begted them tf'".T™''' Pray, confessed he had ù. 7.1 "'^'''' «"«l face n,o.e bitter.Îha„''','Jr IdX"^ 1 ^^'^ " besought them to avoid^^f T'r" '""^ "S^» _fi"t appr oach„nfj>^ t """""Z °^ ^i"» a°d the -??wf^t^^-'Hhh.and «ande«rwas restored.» " ' "■ ^'"" «» JdJ Ji*S- ]r^ *► ■»' 208 ôtranarr tfjar/ diction. -€ It might at first sight seem that in a peaceable and well-ordeçed village theré would scarcely be found occupation for so large a " police force ;" but it must be borne in mind that not only ail dis- turbances, and even quarrels and disputes which arose in the village itself, had to be settled at the Mission-house, but that the Indians living in the neighbourhood sodn learnt to resort to it in every ' case oi any thing like a sefious nature. The amount of labour, patience, energy, and explana- tion which thèse duties involved, necessarily proveçl ^serious tax upon Mr. Duncan's time and strength. At the same time he felt that the satisfaction of seeing peace and quietness prevail not only in his own village, but amongst the surrounding tribes, was quite a sufficient compensation. From an early period of his résidence at Metlah- katlah, Mr. Duncan had, at the request of the Colonial Government, consented to act as a magis- trate: an office which, especially as he was the only person acting in that dapacity along .several hundred miles of coast, involved duties often of a serions, and always of a very anxious character. One or two illustrations will best serve to indi- ^-cate the charact e r of this pa rt o f his work. Hère, for instance, is an extract from a letter i:cmmÉ&.' ^itten in October t«^^^^ ~ the Colonial Gove;;^.!! ™" "' *<= "'««- »' -pec«n, L c:x~:m"r " ^ r ^-"^ ,cede„ted horrors. The înZ "^ °^ ""P'^' of madness is „fe. ' ''' "'^ «'"«^' «"er,. kind . being th^eatened Zt^M '" """ "^ - ' Gove™i.""^hir'J :rt^ *''^ ^-«"-cy the quantity of liaur 1, ù ^ '^"'^ ^^ a india„r jjAitt.: ''^"^ "' ^'■'^'-^' «Ole a little bo/beloSg t" ^ '^ *'^ """""' Skeena river. And ^1 T, *"'' °" t^e tomto pièces byttemiirT *° ""'"'' '«'"e at a great feast °^ * "' »' ^annibals Atrocioua ijë^ summaiy vengeance f-- *^^"^^ ^^""^ ""^^ '^^^ '¥'?' 2IO. ¥ ii^trangn: tl^an dTtcttoii. however, though highly exasperated, they would not allow themselves to do any thing till they had seen me. In order to prevent blood being shed at random, I ordered them to wait till the arrivai of a ship of war, when I promised to refer the matter to the captain, and hoped they would hâve justice done them in a cjvilized way. "Last week, however, an Indian (uncle to the unfortunate boy, but not a Metlahkatlah man), arrived hère from Victoria, where he had been living for the last two years and a half. On his learning of the Kitahmaht atrocity, it seems he secretly resolved to take the law in his own hands, and, for that purpose, proceeded two or three days ago to Fort Simpson, to where a party of Kitah- maht Indians had recently arrived. "This moming, at two o'clock, I was awoke and informed that a Kitahmaht Indian had fallen a victim to this man's revenge, and that great excite- ment was occasioned at Fort Simpson. Nor is it kngwn who will be the next to fall, to feed the stream of blood which has commenced to flow, but every Indian around me is in fear for his life. "Imight cnumeratesevgal very sgrious matters^ ^ which hâve lately occurred around us, whicl^ are loudly ^ling for justice. ïato aïOi Çolia. an ilè "I can only mention Jhe more. The Rev A Doolan, Missionary, stationed at Naas,.on laçding at Fort Simpson, a fav days ago, was set upon by an mfuriated and drunken Indian, who twice atteèipted to fire at him. Both times his gun" missfed fire, and before he could make a third atteinpt the gun was secured and fired off in the air. \ kr. Moffatt, chièf officer at Fort Simpson, writes to me m great alarm. "I do earnestly beg that a ship of war may visit us this winter. If such is not the case, much blood will be spilt, and no life or.property will be safe." On another occasion, two miners having been miirdered at^ort Simpson, the chief officer of the Fort despatched a canoë for Mr. Duncan in the middle of the night, asking him to go up and assist in seçuring the murderers. When he arrived there. two ships ôf war were already on the spot. After a time the Indians gave up two out of the ihfee who were implicated. Their idea of justice was a life for a life, and so nothing would induce them to give up the third. The sequel of the story we -i^ h etirom two passages w ifae journal of t hë~~ Bishopof Columbia; in the first he is describing his approach to Metlahkatlah in 1863 in the .same P a' *j:a 213 étranger l^an ffiction. ship which had a few months before vainly en- deavoured to secure tlie surrender of the third murderer: — ^ " When the guii of the ship I was in sounded her approach, we saw a canoë coming from the shore, She was manned by ten Indians ; and as she came nearer us we percpived that in the midst, as is the custom in canoës, sat a white man, our earnest ^ catechist, Mr. Duncan. As the boat came nearer, an Indian was observed sitting side by side with him, not engaged in paddling the canoë. Who was that? He was a murderer. Six months before the * Dévastation * ship of war, in which I was, had been in those waters, seeking the three . Indian murderers of two white men. The Indians gave .up two, but they would not give up the third. The ship of war planted her euns against the village, threatening it with annihilation ; -but still they would not give up the third murderer. As soon>as the ship of war was gone, the murderer came and gave himself up to Mr. Duncan, saying, * Whatever > you tell me to do I will do. ^f you say I am to go on board the gun-ship when she comes again, I will ero.' For six months he had been theré at JS^ lai^e, and when our gun sounded he might havo escaped, but he said, ' What am I to do ?' and tho '\' /V- laio anU H^olict. ai3 answer was, * You must corne with me a prisoner.' He was accordingly handed over to us a prisoner, to be taken to New Westminster to be tried for his life. The scène was touching when his wife and children came to bid him farewell, and she earnestly besought Mn Duncan, the câptain, and myself, to say 5ome one Ivpid which might give hera rayof hope. Thus we'âfee that what the ship of warwith its guns and threats could not do for civilization, for pro- tection of Ufc, for justice, the simple charactér and influence of one Missionary could accomplish for ail those important objects." The second extract is from the Bishop's journal in t866, when this same man was found amongst the candidates presenting themselves at Metlah- katlah for baptism. After alluding to the above circumstances, he says, — ' "He was taken to New Westminster, and it was found that he had been drawn into the murder through fear ; he had protested against it, hm when one of the others had fired and killed one white man, he was impelled by fear lest the others might now tum upon him, and joined in killing the second, s u ccee d ed i a^p r ev e n tip g hia co m panlonr pm^ suing the ^ird white man, who was in their power. Ail nthese circumstances came out, and he was -y ' ' \ '■ ' '' // ■•■ ,-/ •■/ • / 214 étranger l^an ^\ttiùiaC^'^\*' pardontd. After his release he came to dwell at Metlahkatlah, and now I hâve admitted him, a sincère and humble believer in Christ, into- the . Christian Church. When he entered the room to be eiçamined, he knelt down and offered à silent prayer. "While speakinff of his sins he showed émotion, and covered his face. Amongst other answers, thèse are somç of his \^ords : 'I repent very much of my past sins ; .1 remembei* my sins before Jésus.' I asked why Christians were not afràid to die ; he said, 'Faith in God will make us not afraid to' die.' I baptized him Jeremiah ; he is about'forty years of âge. ' His wife was not less satisfactory in the .testimony she gave of a true. conversioh to God, and was added by baptism at the same time with her husband to the fold of Christ." A single illustration of the less important cases continually brought before Mr. Duncan must suffice to indicate the gênerai character of this part of his work. It is taken from an account by Dean Cridge, givpn in the British Columbia reports of his exa- mination for baptism of a large number oî^Indians at Metlahkatlah ,-^ — telHS, spa^i/TTer Hîsfbty îs:ïèhér sînguTârT Her parents are natives of Nass, at which pl^ce she A .» W^^^ V -;""f .Mv^'-^l|^^ii't'^''"|T-Hr*^%"ffii^ A *aiD an» H^olict, 215 was herself brought up. Her little sister was shot when she herself was a child, in revenge for an insuit received at a feast. Her father instantly shot the murderer, and, as thé latter was a diief, a feud sprang up, tiU the balance of revenge should be restored, which was arranged by the payment of forty blankets, and the promising this daughter to the chief s son when he should g>^ up. When the time arrived, Clahs re/used, but to save her father's hfe. which was thereupon threatened, she went to hve with a man she hated. When on her way to the Skeena river, in compàny with this man and her father, she found a pretext for being left at Metlahkatlah, and laid the case before Mr. Duncan who, on th^ return of the man, had him brought up, and bound him over in seventy blankets to keep the peace (heliaving threatened the father's life) • she, by Mr. Duncan's advice, remained at Metlah' katlah.! "Shç showed à clear knowledge of the elemen, taiy truths of the Gospel." [She had been for some tim^ undçr instruction by Mr. Dool^n at the Nas3 River Station.! X , . But perhaps^ t he most ^gcriotis^ source of anyî e^ m connexion with this department of work arose from the constant attempts of smuggli^ sloops to éi LV,f ,j 1 . . 2l6 ôtranger ti^an jSTtction. sell spirits to the Indians. On one occasion Mr. Duncan, hearing of the présence of oile of thèse vessels in the neighbourhood, at once despatched a warrant for the appréhension of the captain. In this case, "the sad resuit," he writes, "was, that the five Indians serving the warrant were fired ypon by the three whitp men on board the sloop, one being killed on the spot, and other three severely wounded. The sloop got away, and it was not till the foUowing day that the Indian unhurt retumed to the settlement, bringing his» threé wounded companions in a canoë. ^ " Unfortunately at the time I had very few people left in the village, so that we were unable to foUow the murderers while within a reasonable distance of us. "After I hâd done ail, and the best, I could for the wounded men, I determined to ruh down to Victoria, it being un^afe, from the unsettled state of the coast, to send the Indians âlone. " On the a5th August I started for Victoria in a smallboat, and on the5th September, by seven a.m., I was in Nanaimi, the nearest white settlement, Javing been broug ht by a g racions GoH f^^(ç\yL_ through many périls on the sea, and périls by the heathen. i0 W "^^' ïatoanK ÇoKce. 217 « I need scarçely say that. as soon as possible I communicated the shocking tidings to the Governor of each colony, to Admirai Denmân, and to ail our friends. Ail deeply sympathized with us ; and Governor Seymour, of British Columbia, lost not a moment of time till ail the needful despatches were written, and forwarded to the two neighbour- ing Governments, Russian and American, and to the Admirai of the station, calling upon ail to do their utmost to seize the murderers, and hand them over to justice. The Governor aiso engaged a doctor to visit the wounded men, and Admirai Denman sent up H.M.S. 'Grappler,' with the doctor and myself on board, to the sett^ement " I cannot express to you the anxiety I felt while away, and how restless I was to return to the sick men. But God was better to me than my fears. We amved on the 4th instant at Metlahkatlah, and to my great relief, I found the wounded men doing well, and ail the settlement going on prosperously. I called a meeting of the village on the evening of our arrivai, to return thanks to Almighty God, that ^ He had remembered us in our affliction," -Atihcsame time, evéiilïïëirevents as thèse were made to subserve the one object which Mr. Duncan cver held so steadily in view, viz. the setting fbrth S , 2l8 ôt^nger ^nn dFîctwn. the manner in which the réception of Gospel truth should influence men's conduct in every posi- tion and under the most varying circumstances in life. " In my addresses, both before going to Victoria and since my return, I hâve been greatly helped m opening to the Indjans the passages and truths from the Scripture which this late dispensation of Pro- vidence illustrated ; and I hâve been shown by unmistakable signs that this severe chastisement, with which it has pleased God to visit us, will be productive of great good to us. " It would take me too long to détail to you the séries of Indian laws of revenge and compensation which this sad occurrence and its séquences hâve revived, met, defeated, and dispersed for ever; and how the Christian laws on thèse matters hâve been put forward in strong contrast— approve4|magni- fied, and made totriumph; and how, for the -first time, a calamity, whicl^ would hâve called forth only Savage fire and relentless fury in the Indian as heathen, bas only called forth patient endurance and lawful retaliation in the Indian as Christian." It will be easily understood that the determined aird persistent opposition thus offered by Mr. Dun- can to the illicit traffic in spirits with the native* *«ta an» Jolie,. , i gained for him for a time no little ill-wm amongst Bu^Tis H- 1 *^ '"""^ ~"'""""*^ »' VictoTa. >s« e of l'f "^'""^ r «"" *=■* *ewisdom and ute of h,s work amongst the natives, came at last t.on, ^d in some cases even to secure for Iiim tlie -ppc^of those who had most bitterly „™ 'd ^"he : '"''T '" "^"«""^ "y Dean Cridge ltd7 T °' ' t-ding-sloop, whom Mr. Dul^ can had fine^ 400 dollars for unlawful trading but son for mjuries done to his vessel ^' ' phScL""b!-u" '""t-"" '""^'^'^'•- -hoo'màster, " y^eldmg to "no considération ofcomfort tasté mterest réputation, or safety (in ail whichl^rtj on 'l'tfterr'" "?" *<^ ""'■ °~^'^" ^ ^<»^ tere»ti) ttufte TOffe ^^. g . . r undertaken, and ..fusing to décline or abfndS "rferuhng which he beUeved to be, «nd^^f •^' X; ,i»|.-.. .., -■^^• 320 ôtranfler tj^an fiction. providence of God, essential to its success. Who that reads the story of what the strong will and entire self-devotion of one man has effected will deny |hat it is indeed " stranger than fiction" f X' o \ i^;. TW, -tli ; -l..'. CHAPTER XVI. > GALA DAYS. [NTIL WF hâve ^„ a commanit? .W their holiday dress, and marfeed' the gênerai character of their festivities, we, are hardly in a position to form a bir op.mo„ of the standard to which, i„ so^al^d glance for a moment at the various festivities and ob^r^ces by which, f„,m «me to time, pal^cuTj days and occasions were observed at Metl^katlah Of o.d,„ao.holidays the one most observed fe *e Queen's birthday. We wiU ^choose for o„rdé «npùon an occasion on which one of H.M. 4s *e Sparrowhawk," was anchored off the village rpr2^;r""^'°^--^,'"'«°-i^/<.-o' At an ea 1^ -'■■:!. f- with a festoon of flags of varioos nations. The -/ / • .**-' .y '-.1 ■?':> 222 dtrnnarr ti^an dfiction. day was delightful ; the sun shone bi^ght, and ail the beautiful scenery of the islands, placid sea, and distant mountains, contributed to the^harm. The proceedings of the day commenced in the house of God, where seventeen chil4ren were bap- tized. "It was ple^sing," writes the Bishop of Columbia, who qfficiatec}, "towitness the devout manner of the sponsors, and to hear thèir audible responses. None any where could behave better, or show more appréciation of this sacrament of the Gospel." A distribution of gifts then took place! First came 140 children, as orderly and nicely dressed as the children of the best village school in England. After singing " God save the Queen," in Ènglish, they were each presented with a biscuit' Next came 130 elderly men and women, to whom a few leaves of tobacco were an ' acceptable' token of friendly feeling ; the sick, too, were remembered ; and last, npt least, the councilmen and constables. Precisely at twelve o'clock a royal salute of twenty-one guns boomed forth from the ship, to the great satisfaction, and some astonishment of the groupa of Indians who, in their Sunday best, had gàthèrèd tô the vïïlage square, to join în the fes- tiviffcs, Mich now^ommenced in earnest Chil- i \ v^ ,ij ■ ^v ,v ^rV«; dren playing at bail, and taking tums at a meny. bars the «ghteen polkemen of the village, in régi, mentais, ready for review; and the eldeS walkW about, comparing the old time and the new madf But the most exciting part of the programme or the day wa. the regatta. The course'^w^ abou^ two m,les, round an island. I„ the fi„t race 6^1 canoës, manned by forty-one young men in thei pnme, were engaged. Th, canoës flew through the waves, tferowing the white foam on eve,y swf and nght gallantly were the efforts sustainS n ii the goal waa reached. Three canoës, rowed by women, aiso contended for a prlke man^h T\^°°'""'''- ™""'"e in sacks, blind- mans buff, and such like amusements. It so hap- ' pened that on this day a large body of Q^oZ, Indians came to Metlahkatlah. As they la^ded ^om thei. fleet of Bella Pella canoës, the'côn^ ,?tM T/'i'^"'"' '° ""= '^df^ressed and re- i^y «>^t.U e^ Manket. whicl f sca.#- covered the.r nakedness. Their faceswere painted ^< black and r^, and their hair was matted ani ' }S^:.«h^^jt^ir^^" m. .■M 224 dtranser t^an dFtctton. dishevelled. Not a little astonished at ail they saw around them, they eventiially retired, as though wishing to hide themselves from observation. Their chief, a stately personàge, alone remained as the gfuest of Legaic. , The evening was devoted to a public meeting, and a magic-lantem entertain- ment. « At the meeting several of tjie officers from the " Sparrowhawk " addressed the Indians. Some of the chief men replied, Mr. Duncan acting as inter- préter on both sides. The time being short, the speakers were limited to a few minutes each. Two or three quotations will serve to give some idea of the gênerai line of the addresses and the highly figurative language peculiar to Indian oratory : — Abraham Kemskah. — "Chiefs, I will say a little. How were we to hear, wnen we were young, what we now hear > And being old, and long fixed in sin, how are we to obey ? We are like the canoë going against the tide which is too strong for it : we struggle, but, in spitfe of our efforts, we are car- ried out to sea. Again, we are like a youth watch- ing a skilled artisan at work : he st^rives to imitate his work, but fk ils : so we ; we fay to foUow God'a way, but how far we fall short I Still we are en- couraged to persévère. We feel we are nearing the '«i^m^Jk-, ^„f peace. We must look neither to the right nor left but look straight on and persei/ere " ^ lefjHP *"*'^^*'^''' ''o do ye. Why hâve you u^ "ignts 1 hâve not slenf- • T havecrept to the corner of n,y house tl Z 'J flect.ng on God's pity to us in sending you uthii n.Xb„«.e. ar;..t'"neXCtGod"'Ti hasspokeatousr-letushear- '^^ -ke yoV v:Ltd~ihïr . r ; :r °^'^" vere, we „ust t^^, though we L" ^Se" betterLnwI^ Thë "'^''"= **>' ^" "« »n we are. The sun does not corne out ia i&.lf:.&U». kîy^-,... w i f if- f-. r I 236 l!>trangtr l^an ^fiction. foil strength in early morn ; the grey light at first ^|eads itself over the eârth ; as it rises the light , increases, and, by-and-by, is the mid-day sun. We shall die before we hâve reached much, but we shall/ die expeçting qur children to pass ori beyond us, and reach the wished-for goal." V Daniel Baxter {Neeash-aJi-pootk). — " Chiefs, I am foolish, I am bad, bad in your sight. What can , our l^ftits say? What shal^ we do ? We can only pray ^d persévère. We will not listen to voices on this side or that, but foUow on till we reach our Father in heaven." Cheevost {yacob). — " Chiefs, we hâve heard you. Why should we try to mistake the way you teach us? rather we must -try to foUow on; though our feet often slip, we must still try ; we hâve rocks ail round us ; our sins are like the rpcks, but the rudder of our canoë is befng held. She will not drift away. We are ail assisting to hold the rudder and keep her in her course. What would she be without the rudder? — Sôon awreck upon the rocks. Sowe must cry to Grod for help to follow on. We must beg Grod's Holy Spirit to , strengthen us and to guide us. Chiefs, do you but speak,' and we will obey." • WOODEEMEESH' (Sipteon).^" I will speak to my u^ I -y 'ih-f * ^~ brethren. What hsQ r«^ j ~ ~ vviidc nas tjod donc to us ? Wh^*. a ' He see in us thaf H«. t, ,j , "^* *^o^s theyare, or did we see ^r T ™'" "''""^'' Vet they hâve ^Z:Z^ ^! *^^ "="' -""e? the undergrowth; theyVate foufd '' '""l '"^■'' > W hfted up our haVanf^slJ G H ""^^ showed us the way t, hta,*n." ^ ^"'' ""'' ' The day condude'd with an Pvl,;k»- ■nagrclantem, which it is n!!^! ''°" °^ *"* the greatest 6«itement and , "* ''^- ^•'=^<' not lessened by a re' art "7^'"'' ""'''• '«'^ ^.uoUXnd,i;jX^^^--^^^^^ J^ing GeorÉe irien" rm.u ^ • ^® * Indian. *^°"^^ <^Pnjure as wdl as the New Year's Day whc n„Afi, which liras Venf -.1. ^^'' ^"""^^ holiday. in which the financial affait Tf «,e «rm^nr"""' d-scj-ssed. taxes paid. ar«„g,d, &. "«^'"r 7~ The completion of a new house , m, ■ Q a V ^ > ■ j.iMiLlt 4» r+ 4.*^ •. / 'i? dtransnr tlfan Jfiction, the temporary absence .of'^''Mr. Duncan in 1867:— " Feô. ^h. — Attended a feast of biscuit and tea, given in honour of the completion of a new bouse ; the roof any thmg but watertight, and as it was raining very hard, I had to put up with pccasionally lai^e drops fallin^ down my neck, Such a noise ! the master of the feast bawling out the humber of biscuits given to each person ; others busy at the fire, stirring the molasses — a substitute for sugar — in the tea ; men and women talking, children cry- ing; while, to crown ail, a kettle full of tea was upset on the fire, filling the house with steam. However, pierfect good humour prevailed, and every one seemed happy. One of the Indians, at the conclu- sion of the feast, spoke very well, and was clapped ; the first time I hâve heard the Indians at feasts use this means of expressing their approbation. The purport of his speech was that God had pitied him, having given him strength to finish his house : though he was very ill, God had not called him away. Before his house was finished he felt like a . bird without a nest He hoped God would jever be with hinij and concludedby than king us ail for our attendance." Bread and tea, and tarts made from the juice of fte native bernes, formed the usaul provision at such gaa,en„g,,^„dspeech-n,aWng ttechief amus^L^t Jh^obsen«„eeofCi,rfstn,as,again,isthu^;: "O^. 25*4, am/«,« Daj,.~This moraine be tween twelve and one o'dock » K . '"S' '^■ mtr, -t.. j . ; ociock, a band of youne men attended by Mr. Duncan, paraded the vLee «ng.ng hymns suitable for Christmas. tL S; santly m the stiU frosty air ^ '^ excep«:: or'f^'r'"'''" «-^ p^°p'^' -* *« «cep , on of a few who had misbehaved, came to the Mjss.o„.house to shake hands .ith us aXish us a happy Chnstmas. It was very pleasant o .^anddi.eren^t,<^7r::;s:a:;ir: w v^s^y^v / / / / dafa ||aj»<. 2^' of the great chief now sitting hère with m Weare children, not yet strong or wike enough to guide ourselves. Let the chief speak Ib us,\and tell us ' what we ought to do, and what/ we\ught to ayoid doing, and we wiU obey. We W we ail beg bne. thing from the clMef, that he/will use his power W stop the Indian custom of gij^ng away property Z that custom is the great barder to ail improvem^nt among the Indian tribes. ^t is to support and cairy on that custom that the /Indians rush into eTeiy kmd of vic^ We^^herefo^^ theGovemZr to stop itxlf he says it is to stop, it will^^top fif he wil^fTot forbid it, it wiU/still go on." "^ / / Peter SiMPsoN.-yThe çhief has hea/d from Paul what we ail stroièly beg for. We are/anxious to see peace establishéd around us. The èhief has kmdly promised to /ake care of us. As the bird watches over its eg^s, so do you watch us. y^u are strong; weare/Weak; you exhort us to per|x vere m the way we^re going. So long as God shall spare us, we are r^solved to foUow in the track we are gomg. We Iqhg expected to see the great chief hère. We see him now : we rejoice." _„P a ni ei. Baxter.^" W^ a re^h appy t a-day. We ask what we can part with from our bèdies to givc the chief who has visited us? He has made us ^ iUv. ■)>»^t u- A: ;!«;'■'■ 232 ôtrangw ti^an Jfiction, glad with his words. Yes ; we are weak ; we are yet shallow ; but we are feeding on God's Word, but not yet satisfied. We hâve not eaten enough. The chief has done well to corne to see us, though he makes but a short stay. It is good that his feet hâve walked our village road and touched our soil. He has heard from Paul Legaic about the great barrier that stops the way of the surrounding Indians from following with us. We hope the chief will move it away." Some other speeches followed ; and the Governor replied, «I am going away. What you hâve said/ I^all bear in mind. Though, as you say, you a/è poor and young as a people, yet you hâve, mâde great progress towards equality with white men. You worship the ^apfie God; you are acquirîng the same habits and customs ; you hâve houses like them; you will hâve good roads; you o^n a vessel; you hâve a shop; will possess a saw-rinilL If you continue in this way you will do well. I must now leave you, with the assurance tha^/my heart is goo^ towards you." besi the Miss a soî repre the nearl Th > aboiri uppei portic the h ^'and f( means X .. ■' S^iÉi'^y CHAPTER XVn, SOCIAL PROGRESS. '^ ^^^t !^^°'^ 'P°''"" "f *« «hooner wh,ch Mr. Duncan^isted the Indians to purehase. and of the tade oarried on by its means. By the v»r ,»/:. ti.. I j- f P "' '"'*' fr°™ t'me to time to *e Ind.a„ shareholde^, the.profits accru.W to th" MBsmn had sufficed to build a We maXf h„ a soap-house, a b.aclcsn,.th's shop^Ldf^; l;?' repre^nting tcgethe. with s«ne ta^ro^e^r^' ^^^n Schoo. Chntch, an «penda; The most important of thèse buildines »« rm. about 90 feet by 3., erected on the shoïn^r Z «PP=r end of a la-ge jetty, and dWded in" «^ portions the smaUer designed Jbr a coart-houT the Ja iEtT-for villavr.. v... ^ " "ouse. -and fo, fi, '^" 'g " a ^acnib Ues, a mari c et-house! and for the accommod^^tion of strangers. By thb means strange Indians, who often Le inla^e y *34 dtranger t|>an jTîctwn. J Punibers to trade, instead of being scattered over the village, to the great discomfort and détriment of their more civilized brethren, were comfortably hoMsed and properly cared for, whilst fréquent . opportunities we^œ^^ thus giyen of addressing large , bodies of the heathen from the surrounding coun- try. " The good,'* ï^r. Duncan writes, " which the market-house is doing in facilitating the preaching* of tKe Gospel to our heathen neighbours is very great, more than would, I think, arise from an itinerating Missionary. It used to be almost impossible to get strange Indians to assemble for any spécial effort in instruction. Now ail is cl^anged. The men who come for trade to us occup)^ this house, and are, in a sensé, my gueSts, and I c^n find them ready and happy to hear me or the young men of our village address them after the hum of trade has ceaSed." Many, too, of those who came to trade would remain over the Sunday, and attend the services in the church. The advantages of the "store," or " trade-shop," were very great. In the very first place, it de- manded and obtained quietness and courtesy in place of the savage altercations common to Indian trading. AU goods answerîng the conveniences of civilized life, and tending to elevate the tastes ajid l^rtiMV**^^' f' 'I am ::\ .«part éotiaX ^tosttstg. 235 improve the appeai able at a price toj "" unaçcustomed. "Mysoapmanî quite a success. ^f the people, were obtain-. Çy had before bçen quite . . Mr. Duncan writes, "is of soao for'Z;* i;"^^^^ '^^ ^"^ians hâve a bar t/a/- <:^j/ /ysfm a few years ago aqs in ^«^c New that their habits require more soirh re^Us . ready at hand and cheap." ^ - '^ Apart from thèse advaeta^es the ronfi*. ^ wasof the greatest service ; the Indfans gradu^Iv a^-'nng the habit of foUowing their da^ ^^ "^^^ of them veo. laborious-more î„Te «eady manner of the English laboi^r • ^ the iitful disposition of fhe iSan '^'''" ""^ - w«!f i;.-*"'P°f^« ""ongst the new buildings* was the M,ss,o„-house, a fn.n,e building of ce^? ;*The rooms on the ground floor," writes Dean nd ge. "a re Infhr an>4 ,• * . ^^ ^ ^^" I ^fe [o| t 3£.anidxogmiedious7th I am wntmg, |ind which forms one of the suiW ^rtment^pr^pared for the exclusive u^!^ ^ -.A' *A^a^ ,;i:'^.«.;-.:^„/ ^- ■^l 236 étranger t^m dTûtton. matried Missionary [whom Mr. Duncan hoped to associate with hipiself in the work], is as comfort- able as any room in my own résidence. If we add a plentiful supply of game, fish, &c., in the season, imported goods in the store, quite a large flock of goats, yielding a profusion of excellent milk, poultry and eggs, k gardën with a plçntiful stock of vegetables, it is évident that, with any reasop- able degree of forethought on the part of the Mis- sionary, the days when any thing like hardship and privation could with propriety be entertained of Metlahkatlah hâve entirely passed away." The island gardens form another characteristic évidence of social progress. The Victoria Daily Chronicle, alluding to the Bishop's visit in 1866, says, ^'The Bishop visited, in a canoë, the island gardens of the Mission, THey number about 150. He found m^^ny of the Ojjfners — men, women, and children — planting potatoes in the deep rich moiîld They use lines f6r the trenches, and deposit sea-weed and exoillent manure upon the potatoe, which is eut in pièces and placed about six inches apart. Abun- dalit crops are thus obtained." Thus much for the e xternal signs of progtess,^ Xet us lîoïir glance for a moment a^a branch of" the quasi-secular work, of which we hâve nôt ye % X %\ ..i-.-.t-*-ni> ;.':,i.'ji ôoct'al ÇrogrfW. 23? spoken-the Industrial Training School for Girls. ' A number of the elder girls educated in the school were first taken to réside in the Mission- house during the time that Mr. and Mrs. Tugwell were assisting Mr. Duncan. The plan proved of such material service that on Mrs. Tugwell's leaving, Mr. Duncan still perse- vered in it, receiving great assistance from the older pupils. The gênerai method adopted in dealing with the scholars, and the" resuit obtained, will be best gathered from the accounts gîven by various visitors to the Stations. The Bishop of Columbia says,-_ "I had observed on Sunday a row of well- behaved and devout young girls with Bibles in their hands. As I gave out my text they found the passage. On Sunday evening I heard them read the Bible, and they sang chants and hymns, some in English, and sopie in Tsimsheean. To- day I examined several of them in reading, and was much pleased by the accurate and devout manner in which they read the Word of God These . r^rewbe the future motfierTof a new génération. Already has he seen one set go forth from the Institution well and respectably married •s' m-'i^^-' to young men who had proved worthy of the • Christian profession. "Those now in the Institution are the second set, several of whom are about to be married, and there are others waiting to corne and supply their place. So great is Mr. Duncan's influence, that none are married twithout his consent, and he is entirely trusted by the parents. Constantly is he applied to by the many young men who désire this or that one for a partner ; and not a little interest- ing, if not amusing, are the accounts he can relate of the care and watchfulness with which he guards the tender plants from too early or ill-advised ex- posure to the blasts and storms of the vovaee of life." ^ Heré, again, is an account by Dean Cridge of his inspection of the school, and of an evening spent with the scholars : — "Examined the writing exercises of the first class of girls. The words 'whale,' 'shark,"salmon,' •seaVwere written on the black-board, and each girl wrote a short themô in connexion with each Word, Some of the exercises wcre as good as in an English schoofin respéot of composition, spcll- -wgr and penmanship. "In the evening, the giris sang some of their nai SOI ist cap anc mo Aft of ' adv sion « ever buci suce r in k( ^ storii «.e.g., self; begai then cried One Indiai exclai média -y ■ native nursery rhyhes. Some were ver. pr^ttv some ludicrous. some pathetîc. Among 7he Utt^ - that of the little slave-child, w#o islld by 1" captors that her mother^is gone gettin^ ciLT and the little thinalisDs 'RavJn i! ^ ' n.other ? Sea Z T, ' ^°" ^" "'' Aft. 1- ^^*"S""' ''»™ you seen mymother'' ff-rf ";:."' °' '^^ P''^ commenced the Cd adJal "'" ^''•-4*>aughteri- but the ^ advancng, we were obliged to defer the conct " On Tuesday Mr. Duncan gave the girls a merrv evenmg w,th the galvanic battery, intfoducîng thi bucket of water and the sUver coin, whicTnon! succeeded in getting. Mr. Duncan wlTrt ^ self, a friendr k' ""^*"^ '■^" »»'' "■""■in.: tHeresttost.ightrhrnL" arte^ cried out, " Hold hard there I Rnm k ^^"^^*=^' n„^ . «*uuicrei rJora so, bom sol"' Inlnlair JoTM^r ''^ ' """^ ^ ^'■> «ris M fK • ""^^"^ interpreted to the med.ately ^ken up by the ^, ^' oTtZ kid^*^ ài^^k i ). J rf-- 240 dtranser t^m dPûtton. / jumping up ^nd caricaturing their own peculiarities ; upon which Mr. puncan explained to us thëallu- •sion. " This everiing Mr. Duncan showed me a letter just receîved from one of the girls whom he had occasion to reprove in the morning. In broken English she bew^iled' her ingratitude apd hard heart, asked his forgiveness, and entreated his prayers that she might be a better girl." ' , A single letter written by one of the first set of scholar^ will serve to show the amount of i;itelli- gence and good feeling which prevailed amongst them. It was given to Mr. Duncan by a young woman to send down in the schooner to her sister, who was leading an evil liîe in Victoria. She had before succeeded in reclaiming one of her sisters, and hence her letter to this one : — "Metlahkatiah. " My dear Sister, — I send this little news to you. I very much wish to see you, my sister. I tell you sometimes I very much cry because I remember your way not right I want you to hear what I speak to you. Corne now, my sister, I hopç you will return and live in your own place. Do not H-A ' yOu persévère to folîow bad ways. You must try I to forsake your way; repent from your heart/ /■ > / ■/■ tt. n- ♦f' ah. / rs tO / ; . I i je I. 1 1 lear lopç 1 >not 1 i • ^Qciàl ^vogctii. ■?x 241 l^u hear ou\ Savîour Jésus Ch^ir~^s7di^r ster come'^ "^P^^^-^"- ^ -e my brother and s ster coipe agam. I thahk God because He hear always cry about you. . "^ " ^ ^"ï* y°"^ *^^**ng Sister ' ' "Eliza Paley." Letter-writing seems to hâve been an institution to the fd hfe which greatly recommended itself post of some 200 letters, ail written by Indians to thefr several friends in Victoria V But of ail tests of progress in such a settlement ^f^^ the développent of a MisiS spint is the most trMStworthy. Nor was thi.^ truths of the Gospel'to theif heathen «thren -- Men go,ng on their hunting and fisWng expS^trs wo«d.asamatter,ofcourse,gathertog^ fo l»ten tp them^^whilst gcve n |l of the totheworkofCatechIst. The fo.lo:„^l:'d:L' I R «^ .** ' /: '''à t t" ' V » .< •t.' of the <éonduct% interpréter to a ^urv^i^ é^jpl^tidïl^ lottial newspiaper :— 4 Inlet was found to be about in length, and to*tiea:r the same s «w ... rr, , ^cteristiçs aS the othcr nigmerous inlets, ".yj .i*;hj^ are ail clobed in by snow-^d mountains - f'^ frofîn 3000 to 4000 feet high. The*|head of the inlet wûs found to terminate in a low marshy swamp, ^ith a high peak of 6000 Hfeet in the background; reports as of distant thj|»nder wefe heard at iâtervals, caused by the avalanches as they roUed into the vallêy beneath, with a dull Sound which rei^erberated fron? péak to peak. Hère we found camped the most powerful chief of the Naas Indians, Tchatcoquas, ârjd a very Jal^e party c^tching and drying salmon. They were extremely civil, andrwhen we landed insisted on carrying up to our tent ail our gear. We pitched our tent near the camp on the Saturday, and on Synday Thomas, our interpréter, a Christian Indian katlah, held Divine Service, momin eveninm^n the Indian raric flueniiflH language that must -#■ Tnatîves.. The ^inging was go< especially ; but the smoke of a \. . Metlah-; oon, and s had ^ lonished the [eixiale voices house in V~ V ■^n «> "vv . M^saAitsMAt ^. \ ■ -, -». *o«'aï tiroffrtftf. ceremony. We suppose that Thomas must take to h™,„r the crédit of being the first,who LÎ Chns^an,ty at the end of BAi,h d,lp™io„. ^e IZV^ 'T""^^ °" "■" '"«nda.y.line betweea Alaska and British Columl^i^' Such^ notices, again as the foUowing might l4 mulhphed almost indeAnitelyV- from Fort Simpson last summer at thelr salLn- fishmg, ,çd ,^reach«i eveiy Sunday for over' two months to them. Nearly the whole tribe stoppld work, and reguUrly attended seÂrice " ter^ti! tT " """^ °' ^"^'^ " '' ""> =■>='"- terishc to be passed over, or to be given othenvise _ ^yWo ca^ibit-^iefs (o„ce j^; ^^^^ «etWikatlaJi, Visiteà us tor#,de. ,and he»rd, to -on the beach. ^îheii sj,»^^ and mn,««:.=«™ ...r:. -on the bead,. ïhelt shame àndmprfifiratî^ Ae? «.«Id not hide, but,Wt Saring to^^nse threatso^ came to^èie to W %| l vent thç^r ragé, thej' R 3 ■ <* /^^.^i ,:«. 7 / /44 étranger aan dfUtion. would forbid the chlldrèn to go on. I called them into my house, and, aytheir request, shut the room- door, that others mieht not hear. We had a long and serions talk ovei/the whole matter. . . . They left me in *a friend^ way, and, I feel sure, à good deal out of love with their false position." i I , * kr v\ ;.■■/ fi fP CHAPTER XVIII. CONCLUSION. HE history of the settJement at Metlah- katlah during the last five years may be summed up in two words, '" sieady progress." Of difficulties, drawbacks, and occasionaldiscourageme^tsthere has been no lack. The spirit in which they were met as they arose is well indicated in Mr. Duncan's own des- patch of November, 1868: "The enemy is only permitted to annoy, but not to destroy us, only t make us stand more to our arms and look moi^é imploringly and constantly to heaven ; nor is he peiïnitted to triumph over us. To God, to our Triurie God, is ail the praise and glory." ^^^*" ^^ latest sign^ of increased religious earnanlss was a sppntaneous movement amongst tnd-DMddle-aged^ndians tOTtemi aduïF Sunday-classes for Bible-reading. «The adult mal^ numbering about one hundred, are super- V %\ ■ ." ■ ■'«: ■ ■■ * * .1" i*^ intended by four native teac^er^, and the females, who assemble in separate houses, are taught by thé young wqmen who hâve passed tîirough a course of training in the Mission-Home. Ail the teachers corne to me at the close of each service for spécial instrMction for a few minutes, and then proceed t^he several classçs. Ail read over caçefully the t^pct, translate it wor(f by word ; simple coiMients and adcjresses are offered by the teachers, ^clud- inc with singing and prayer." TH|^èxt important step in advance which Mr. Duncan contemplâtes is the sending out native teachers to the ^the^; tribes àroundj " ivïiny of the tribes,"Êè s|ys; "alje itïetching out their ^ands ^el^nd Gqjâl seéms ^reparing His ser- vants aMetlahlcatlah to carry'ît to thçin. Whole *"^^ *^î^®*^" j°'^*"^ "^> ktthis I do not , anticipat.^ft be the %e yçt-lhe wà> is very difficult ^nd the door nar^,!^r. tliem.'^S|j^ the constant comriiunigjdoWÎtf Metlahkattâ^ the unmistakable M^n^j there presented to them, ^that godfinçss hai^e fromise of^this wçrld as well as of that whtéïi is to come, added greatly to th^ effect of the occasional preaching of the Gospel -amongst^^^em; and Iris^s^^ëvîaëhT^^ needed sôme suitable opportunity to présent itself 'lî'.ï''^'- 'it «1 Jà.k\ * ■*J». Conclusion. 247 to bririg about agréât national movément in favour of Christianity. „ , ** In the meantim^r, Duncan h?is formed thc plan of developing very considerably the material resourcesof the settlers 'at Mètîahkatlah, and makingit a nursery, not, of Christianity pnly, but of the arts and employments of civilized lîfe. He thus expresses his views on the subject; "The spirit of improvement which Christianity has en- gettdered within this people needs freàh material and knowledge in order to develope itsèlf. The mces df industry at présent in the hands of the iPans are too limited and inadéquate to enable fhem to meet their incripased expenditure as a Christian and civilized c^mmunity, who are no- loiigèr able to endure the riide huts and half-i^ed-' ness of the savage. Again, numbers of>A men are growing up in the Mission who waniSIRr and work must bp found for them, or mischief Wilî Coll^w; the mischief being, that thèse now pro- , ni'smg youths wilI be attracted to the settlement of the milites in the colony, where numbers of them will be sur? to become the victims of the white -itten*^ vices an d dîs e a ses/' iVvii LsW As the first step in carrying out this view, Mr DuncanXdetermined himself to corne to England .i.ld4Î*a.6..■<.;vl;i^l•^^.'*j»:•iftl 4, ■ ■■■t 248 dtranffer tfrtt iTwtton. and acquire a knowkdge of several simple trades, and purchase such machinery as he required, and then going back to his people erect workshops, and inaugurate those new modes of industiy upon which he hoped to build up a material prosperity, and to develope that self-respect and self-relianee^'^ which can hardly »be found in any great degree amongst a wholly uncivilized people. With this view he sailed for England at the end of January, 1870. The scène on his departure showed how great a hold his thirteen years' labour amongst them had gained for him upon the people. Though he had 'previously gone round to every house to take leave of them, they collected in crowds as the time for his leaving drew near, and even after he had said his "last farewell and last prayer up<>n the beach," they stiU followed him in their cahoes to the ship. Arriving in London on the i3th of March, 1870, Mr. Duncan at once set to work on his self-imposed ■ task, going about to différent parts of the country, and, as far as it was possible in a limited timei making hi^Uself mgster of the brunch df industr)^ there pre^ailing. Thus, w hen visiting Yarmouth, > ^^ï^ïPâffir^pS^^llid twine-spinning, and at another place at which he\tayed, weaving, at i*. •y&&. Concluition. 249 another brushmaking, at another «the gamut of each instrument in a band of twenty-one instru- ments/' At the same time he set on foot, amongst Sosf ^î^onihe succeeded in interesting in hiswork, a subscription for defraying the expenses of some of the more important Works which he contemplated. Chief amongst thèse were a new church and school. He also proposed to giye the Indiaiis such assistance in the matter of window-fraW^s, nails ^ç., as would induce them to rebuild their houses after a more substantial and permanent model than was possible on the first formation of ;lie village - To carry out thèse plans he^estimkted that not less than 6000/. would be required^ and he fairly enough challenges the Christian philanthropist to assist him with this amount of capital. Before he eft England, which he did atthe end of six months (i.e m September, 1870^ he had received about 400/. towards the amount he required. For the crédit of Engli^^l^nthropy, it may well be hoped that the ^ol/amount required wiU even- tually be forthcoming. -There must be many Eng. lish capitalists who, if they really knew ail the ^ «««mstaiice» of-the^ncaÉTv^^ ^ privilège to be associaCed wi{h such an undertaking ^ the i4th of October, 1870, Mr. Dunc^ ,/\ >' . i\^- 250 l^tranger t|)an dTiftion. -i+- V" arrived at San Francisco on his return journey, " vory weary and dusty, having been a second-class passenger, and therefore without sleeping accom- , modatioit fot over two thousand mifes."j. Hère hq ' was delayed for three weeks. "The'^^e," he, writes, "proved very usefuL I made several new and vçry warm friends, who promised to help* rtiôf and who, jndeed, hâve helped me exceedîngly. At the wooUen mills the manager suppîi^d'me with shuttle, reeds, treddles,. and spindles, and carding mâterials, and promisçd me ailother supply, free of cost, whenevér I may^apiply for it." Arriving at Victoria on the iith- Nçvember, he found it necèssary to' remain thpre for sonje weeks in order to ^carry. out arrajognements" with the' . Government abbut the Indiar\eserves and other ^^.matters connected with the settlement. ■ - As one of the vessels of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany was just starting up the coast, he was able^to send letters to Metlahkatlah, and in abput three weeks receivèd a batch in return. - " Yesterd^y," he ' writefe, "I gôfca batch of thirteen loving letters from^my people. Ail goihg on well ; ail aijciously ' iookipgform/ return. One say4,jfpi tw w e shall— , thank God when He bring^ you back tci. us ! The people were togethrer in the market-Itoyè to hcar . •'t :> i >!" the news from you 'fthey had asseabled tTl^^ letter «adj and whén they heard that you are commg back they made such a great npise by jumping on the floor/' V •= oy " 0"« of the letters from Metlahkatlah to me was from (and signed by) the Council, expressing their joy at the prospect of soon seeing me. . "Another was from the notorious chief Lee- . g^neesh, who has given me «, much trouble of lat'e \ year., and was expectedto make use of my absence >? Î9 '"JJf e the Christians ail he cbuld '_ "lil this letter (^gned by his own hand) he savs he owe,.t to God's mercy that he has the ho^ S seemg hie a^ain. He thanks God for bearing «U ^.h.m. show „g him his sins, and makinj him to h ^ . the ways heonce so much loved. He says, too.'he hM resolved to join God's peop^at MetlaHkatbh rhi;^r^'^"*«''^-*''<^^'"-P-'>eave^' ^..*nd the sore disappointment when they ,*^tr*rasnotBnboaK). ■ ^ K j < f £â^^!f- '" "'' ^*4rri^»' "t Victoria ( -in anwrér to the.r prayers, and pray coiislantly for my returf amongst them, ■ f '^ V^J" ,r^J' ^-4 TT ■• fi fl^ i '€ ii ..,*.. ■■:■ ^ - 252 i^transer i^tm jFtctton. "With their furs I hâve had a good deal of trouble, as the fur-market has fallen lately; but I am happy to say that, by inaugurating a new mode of disposing of them, I hâve realized (and thus saved to the village) nearly one thousand dollars above the offer made to the agent in l^he usual way. Their réquisition ' for goods I am yet busy pro- curing." . Mr. Duncan's chief object in delaying at Victoria was to procure from the Government power to allot • to individual Indians of the settlement a portion not exceeding ten acres of the native reserves round Metlahkatlah, with the right to clear, enclose, tùlti- vate, and personally own each portion. Not only did the Governor readily grant'this request, but gave himself personally a donation of $500, to be spent upon the constables and coi(in- cil of the village. Whilst the negotiations with tjie Government were pending, Mr. Duncan occûpièd himself in taking lessons and practising on a band of brass instruments given him in England, and also in compîling new Ihdian gervicea in Tsimsheean. Before he left he also "purchased a steam boiler and pipes. &c.. to carry out j>^ new System qfma kîng the celebrated Oolachan oil so much used by the Indians, and the proccss of manufacturing which Conclusion. 253 , . (mainly owing to their superstitions) is so destruc tive to health and degrading to the females* " Whilst stiU at Victoria, Mir^Duncan ,- had the pleasure of héaring that a suggestion which he had some time before made to the Presidei^t of the United States was likely to be carried into effect "Great changes," he writes, «hâve lately taken Place in the Indian Agency of the United States Fancy my joy on hçaring at San Francisco of the two forts, Tongas and Wranzel, both being aban- doned now, and that the Président had determined to remit the Indian Agencies into theWnds of the various Missionary Societies." ^ Since his return to Metlahkatl>h no letters hâve been received in England direct frpé' Mr. Duncan From intelligence coming indirectly, jt appears that he found that every thing had gone on in his absence most satisfactorily. With |he conduct of the Indian Council and constables he was especially gratified. Not only had they proved themselves very zealous in preserving Ia^v and order during "LThlTn *° *^" ^°'^*"'"' °^ ^•'^'«ri». Mr. Duncan Writes. .k!^!?^u5. !^"^^^^ P'^^^^"^■ ^ ^«"g ^one for tham. ^eThl?. .* *ï NT ..'^ ■•«•■ ./ ^^■' 2^54 ^ ■:■ I y*^ dtranseï: t^m dPtctiou. s#r the tweive mohths of his absence, but during that time some of them had sCarcely eVer left the village even to gather supplies of. foqd for the wintpr, lest ■in their absence any thing'should go wrong. Of the real value of the work which Mr. Duncàn has been permitted to do a , more crucial test than this year's absence could not v^dl be imagined. We shall look with interest fgr some particulars of the domestic history of the settlement (Juring this time. We know, however, enough to assure us that there must be a far greater amount- of stabijlty of purpose and çharact^r âHiongst tliose liew cc^nverts to Christianity than most persons would havis been inclined to give tÊem crédit for. How far thè^lnoral and social élévation of the. whole Indianjàcè- may be affected by what i$.being donc at Metl4\katlah/arid what may be the resuit ot the formation çtf a "sort of native capitfl and model tsettlement, it S impossible to predictj That with Gpd's blessirig it may resuit in the saving of a goodly remnant of a noble race we wouM fain hôpe. „ . . ' -- i ~ What Mr. Duncan's. own plans are, and l^ow far he wil l l i ere a fter devQ te himsdf to thft e)^tftnhion nf the greatvwork Ayhich he hak so successfujUy in- augprated, webave no means of judging. ' . *. ^. > Seing % \v . himself a layman, he naturally Wishes to see a ^ clergyman permanently estabIfshW in charge of the^ettlement, and speaks continually of th^ time- - Tt hânr" ''''''""'"' ^'^ "" "^^ "^"'^ #"^"^ ""^'' " ^ That a manpossessedofsuchsingular administra. t,ve abihty, juch great earrlestness, ahd suçh unusual . Power of mfluencing others, and who has gained so .: thorough a niastery in the lahguage as "to think ^ and çli^am"; in it, should entirely withdraW himself . from the work to which he has hithertc^ devoted- ^nnself would be a cause of gênerai and deeî>.V . eegret, and we may well express the k)pe that the day forhisso doing may yet be ve^ far distant. . Gireat as has beeH the wprk which has been already KM H Hwfi:"'"^ """"' '" be accomplished. IfMetlaJikatlah ,s realiy to become^the c^ntrfe of any widely-extended efforts io ev^ngdize the native , nbes ofNorth-West America, it ^U3|be under the gmdmg met contrôlli^ig .mfluencç II ^chJ ^ ' ^ mmd as that of Ml Duacân: Most sincerely do we trust th^ he will meet with such encouragement ^ and assistance as wiU enable him td bomplete tfiat whîch h& *- -- ' — *- .'^ hd^ L cg un 5 u TvdiraïKr traTlBe C hristian community which we hâve seen so- successfully Piganized may only be tfee first of many other -N ^■\ 1 (^ .Z'f"' \ 256 étranger l]^an J^iciion. settlements modelled on the same plan and showing the same signs of material prosperity, combined with a thorough appréciation and practjçal appli- cation of the saving truths of Christianity. \ J i ■>4 ^ \ \ / 4 • y • s * - > ,■ s . ■ • ".te' * » m -'*■ ' ♦ - n ,=■ .. ;.,■".'■* *-,.-.-.^ V • ? ■ .4^. , ' ■* ■.. J *^' " ^ . ^»r k . '^i / ♦ f -■ J* '^'^ SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER. .>% te •*..^^ HE' XdLSj^ chapter reported the Wival of Mr. Duncan at Victoria, on Vis way back to Metlahkatlah, after an absence/ of thirteen months in England. " Our readers will naturally feel some anxiety to know , how the work which had beeil donc had stood the t^ of the absence of the presiding and animating )irit. A few extracts from Mr. Duncan's report the Church Missionary Society will best enable to form an opinion on the point. Hère, for in- stance, ii^ an account of the way in which he was wekomed back by his Indian converts— the news of his arrivai by steamer at a point within ten miles of the settlement having preceded him : — "On the following moming," he says, "a large canoë arrived from thence to fetch me home. Thç Jiappy crgg;, whos&iicarts .seempd brim fiill of -joy-_ at seeing me back, gave me a very warm welcome. T at once decided tô léaye my luggage and the 8 J 258 i^tranger t|^an fiction. jL steamer, and proceed at once to Metlahkatlah with my Jndian friends, who assured me that the village was in a great state of exciteftient at the prospect ■ of my return. We were favoured with a strong, fair wind. and with two sails up we dashed along merrily through a bbiling sea. I now felt I was indeed homewafd bound. My happy friends, having nothing to do but watch the sails and sit still, could give free vent to their lotig pent-qp feelings, and so they pôured ouTone pièce of news after another in ràpid successibn, and without ^nv regard to order, or the changes their reports pr duppUmtntarff 'C^apter. 259 hats off, and saluted me very warmiy. On my ad- vancing, thé corps of constables discharged their muskets, then ail hats were doffed, and a gênerai rush to seize my hand ensued. I was now hemmed m with with crowds of solemn faces, many exhibit- ing mtense émotion, and eyes glistening with tears of joy In strugglirig n^y way to the Mission- house, I had nearly overlooked the school-chiidren. The «Jear little ones had been posted in order on oneside, and were ail standings in mute expecta- tion of a récognition. I patted a few on the head, and then, with feelings almost o«i;ome, I pressed my way to my house. How sw^ it was to fînd ,« ag^ih in my own little Voom, .and sweeter still to tha^k God for ail His preserving care over me. As numbers of people were pi^ssing into and crowdmgmy house, I ordered thé church iell to ^ be rung. At once they hurrieMo thé church, and when I entered it was full. Sûch ^ sîght! After ' Ca^ minutes' silence, We joined , i« thanksgivirtg ^. toGod; after which f addressedlfe assembly for about twenty minutes. This concluded, I set off • acconjpamed by several leading Christian men. to ttftd the were anxiôusly begging . thq^ folio wed wére very a S2 \ The scènes Many assured ./ ,/ 260 l^tranger tï)an dFtction. >^me that they had constantly prayed to God to be spared to sete me once again, and God had answered their prayers, and reviyèd their hearts, after much weeping. On finishing niy visit, I made up doses of medicine for several of the sick, and then sàt down for a little refrëshment Again my house becom'ing crowded, I sat down wîth about fifty for eneral talk. I gave them the spécial messages Christian friends which I had down in my -book, told them how much we were prayed y many Christians in England, and scanned the principal events of my voyage and doings in England. We sat till midnight, but even then the village was lighted up, and the.people ail waiting to hear from the favoured fifty what I had communicated. Many did not go to bed at ail, but sat up afl night talking ovet-what they had heard." Writing at a somewhat later date (December, 187 1), Mr. Duncan gives the following summary of, the Works which first occupied his attention after his return : — " The spiritual part of my work I of course took up and carried on as usual ; but the temporal or secular part being so multifarious, Was very per- ^ plexing at first. The constable corps, who had i ■■'■•'f Ôupplementarp C|bapter. a6i oraTs , kept vigilant watch ovei- the moils of the settle- ment during my absence, pr^sed me early to examine their doings,- and readjudicate the cases which the Cojincil had settled pro tem.; but I thoughtit prudent to postpone this kind of work. and take up whaf was more in harmony wi^h thé joyfulness of the season ; hence we had a séries of marriages (thirteen in ail), and several meetings, at which I unfolded my new plans, and urged ail to renewed energy and diligence in dur new start I then began arrangirig work for a number of men -. and set about sixty on." ' / During Mr. Duncan's absence in England an event had taken place likely to exercise a con- sidérable influence on his new settlement, and to put the steadfastness, esçeci^lly of the younger converts, to a severe test ,'This.was the discovery of extensive gold-fields some distance up the river Skeena, the mouth of which is about ten miles south of Metlahkatlah. " The \ miners and traders reach Skeena mouth by steamer from Victoria, but thence to the mines the transit is made for a considérable distance up — river by caaoe. Gonsequently in the spring and "' » From Archdeafèon Woods' report pf a visit to Metlahkatlalu published in the British Columbia Report for 1871. ^^ S • ■/. ^ . ■ ', I / '",./; f r , . " v — ' '•'"» " ::■. ■<* . -m •^ _ f \ ' ■ j;^^.. ^.i • \ / 1^ -/V. ■. V !/■- /I- " \ ■' ■t. ■ [ ■ ■ '\ iV ïfc ^ % 1 ' . » ( i".''jiU, ,,*î;fe\ '-; lu . • 1''., :-i a lir >w ■ ^ rv •• f *%' ■/"-■ ' <* to -** V " • C* -*'. - ' ri;,, V * . " ... . „ . - - ' .'' '., Vl. ., ■ ' S-. . / \ '' ./^ - - • ' ' , / ■/ ■ ■■ ■"■■■■r"'; " • _r ■ . ' " f* - -^T" ■ , î - •a ^ #, 'VSf . f IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT.3) /. ■> 1.0 i.i l^m |2.5 ^ bâ 12.0 11:25 ■ 1.4 m 1.6 VQ VQ / A^'^^' V Sdenœs Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N. Y. I4S80 (716) 873-4S03 ^^■<^ '^ .. t 262 ôtranflcr tftan dTîctton. fit \ jgy t autumn (the seaSons for going to and returning fforrr-the mines) there is considérable traffic up and down the river, and those Indians who choose to put thejr canoës on the river commând good wages and constant employment. . The Metlah- katlah Indians freely ^ail themselves of this means of earning money, and in connexion^With this a most valuable testimony of the sincerity of their profession came under my nofice from the miners who took passage down to Victoria on the return trip of the Oiter. Ail agreed in witnessing to the honesty, the self-denial, and the détermination to resist temptation of the Metlahkatlah Indians. * TAey won't work on Sunday, they won't drink, they worCt lend themselves in any, to any, kind of immorality: The truth of t|ie first part of this statement I observed for myself during the time of my stay at Met;|ahkatlah. I noticed how the Indians flocked home.on Saturday nightfe, some of them from long distances, many of them from Skeena mouth, to enjoy the Sunday peace and quiet of their own yillage, and to avail t^mselves of those 'means of grâce' which the Sunday Church services and the Sunday-schools afTorded." — Thfr Argt inte rr up tio n of tfae regular wdfk bf the Mission which occurred after Mr. Duncan's ¥ gKË^^i^Aèt^'Bfe'^i'ji^^ffaH^ai^V^^iËt.'^l^t^k ^ 1 A dujpplfmtntar^ C|^apter. 263 return arose from the lawlessness of thèse gold- seekers : — " I was interrupt^ed by having to deal out law to three ruffians among the white men, who were waiting at the mouth ôf the Skeena river for the ice to break up and permit their proceeding to the newly-discovered gold-fields of Omineca. The capture of thèse men, their trial and their punish- ment, cost me much anxiety and labour ; but I am thankful to say that, without bloodshed, we caught and tamed the lions, vindicated the law, and subse- quently received the approbation of the Governor." Nor was this the only case in which Mr. Duncan had to exercise his magisterial functions :— " No sooner was this law case over, tljàn I had to issue a warrant of arrest against a*captain of a vessel trading on the coast for breaking the Indian liquor law. He was seized about sixty miles off, brought hère, and fined joo/. His vessel was afterwards fetched, forfeited, and destroyed. After this I had three law cases in succession arising from charges brought to me by the Indians of surrounding tribes against other Indians. Two out of thèse three cases would hâve resulted in blood- "shèd had I rëfused to interpose. On each oœasion, however, I am happy to say the offenders gave ^^v- r - " I >ft Will-a-claw (at the mouthoîthe SkeeÀa riveiV about 9 A.M. by canoë, being pàdcjled by an Indian and his wife. Hère for the first time since leaving home, I was thrown on my own resources to hold communication with the Indians. By means of a slight knowledge of Chinook and some illustrated newspapers, I was enabled to interest them, and even to draw from them some ideas as to things outside their own world. Some pictures of home scènes in the Illustrated iV«e;/interested them very much, espedall)^ those which4^i:esented large buildings or soldiers. The building excited their wonder— that there could be such substantial and lofty structures raised seemed to excite the astonishment of the man. I was, however, sur- prised to observe how little of wonder the woman manifested, till I produced a small steel engraving of *J'heXrucifixion,'which I had in my note-book: this at once touched her heart, and she told me that she *knew ail about Jésus Christ,* that she had lived at Metlahkatlah, that she had been tau ght by Mr. Duncan ; and it was pleasing to see how she brightened up as she and I talked — as well as I ', iWn.nTs'sd'iïi^i 270 dto;anger t^m dTfftton. could manage to do— on holy subjects. I then understood how she must often hâve seen at Met- lahkatlah pictures such as I had»to show, and heard, probably from Mr. Duncan himself, orVrom some of his well-informed pupils, descriptions of scènes and incidents which thus had become in a sensé familiar. » Even in this trifling incident one cq^l^î^ee a marked différence between the heathen husband who had received no instruction, and the wife, who, if not a Christian, had yet beentaught to know>what 'The Crucifixion' re- presented. ... " As we drew near to Metlahkatlah the sound of the church-bell over the still waters of the bay could be heard for a considérable time .before we reachèd the village. The man called my attention to it, and said it meant scM; the woman, how- ever, promptly corrected him, saying it meant deat/t : of course my own ear had told me that this vas its meaning, and now we could sêe the funeral procession passing in canoës from thè*^illage to a small island, which has been set apart as the grave- yarc^; so that wheri I actually reached the landing- place I learned, as I expected, that Mr. Duncan J»as aw^ at the fu néi aL - A4iear^ wekome, how^ ever, awaited me, and many ready hands to cany :M,^ duppltmnitar]) Cj^opUr. 271 my féw articles of luggage from the canoë to the Mission-house." Before commencing the examination of the candidates for baptism at Metlahkatlah, Archt deacon Woods paid a visit to the Niskah Mission, about 70 miles distant, on the Naas river. During his journey an incident occurred which inci- dentally served to illustrate very forcibly the extent Ço which Christianity had gained. a footing amongst the Indians : — " Having paddled from daylight till dark with a brief rest of about hajf an hour, we reached the only available camping-ground dît the coast, where we rested for the night under such shelter as the canoë sail st||tched' across the mast could afford ;^ and havingp||rhted a fire, prepared supper. Mr. Duncan having provîded me with food already cooked, my supper was soon made, and I laid down to rest, wearied with sitting ail day in the canoë. The tndians cooked their venison and salmon Indian fashion, and then, ail reverently taking off their caps, one said grâce with every appearance of dévotion. After supper I was amused at the évident fuh that was goi ng on amo ngst them ; for "though 4stugh is not understand their language, a understood ail over the worid ; and - jPJ*^lH!fT'''''*'flBpÇr* 7, :.'• \ '' 'y ■• \« 87a dtrafigcr ^an dTûtion. certainly, if laughter be an évidence ,of jokes aiid fun, they were ,ïich in merrin^nt, notwithstaridihg the discomfort of camping out on wet grounrf and under heavy rain. By-and-by, a^ was dropping asleep, I was rouséd by their sudden stillness. }^ . first impression was that th^ -were getting wearied ; but it w^ not so, they weré'only calming dowiH before retiring to resf, and soon'I observed them ail, with heads uncovered and revçrently bowed, kneel round the camp fire whîle one said pr^yers for ail. And as the Lord's Frayer (for I could recognize it in the strange language in which it was clothed) ascended from beneath the shades of the forëst from lips which only lately had acquired the right to say ' Our • Father,' and as I doubt not from hearts which truly felt the mighty privilège which holy baptism had conferred, I could not fail to reâlize how grandly câtholid is that prayer which He Himself gave to those to whom alone He gives the right to use it." Onhisretum to Metlahkatlah, Archdeacon Woods at oncf commenced ^ examination of the candi- dates for holy baptism, which lasted uninterruptedly for a whole week : — — -«* Suncteyi liie i«th of Novembeiv" he writ«p a day tp be remembered by me. I hâve had «^197 2 r' -p J N <. N i7 ' Sfupplmmtatp Cïjapter. «73 ^^e course pf a ministiy of over twekryearsjnany vSoIemn expériences, and witâéised many tdtiching scènes, buHiever sjnçe the day of my own ordina- tion as a priest in the Church of Christ hâve Ifelt anything Hke the solemnity of that day wheri# saw before me a crowded congrégation of Chris- tians— of heathen seeking after Christ, and of« the httle band of fift^j-nine about to be réceîved through holy baptism into the ark of Christ'^ Church. .-^ ; "Holy baptism, at ÏH times a most sôlemn rite seemed to me spjecially so at this time, whe^ I was called upon to administer^that Holy Sacra- ment to men and women who, of their own choice yeft jnfluenced, as I fully believe, by the -power of the Holy Ghost, came forward to renounce hea- thenism— to give up in more- than one instance ail that was dear to them in this world, and to enlist in the armyof Christ' Oh, may the merçiful God *gra»t that they may hâve power^and stren^t-to hâve victory and tt) triumph against the devil the world, and the flesh 'I " After m^ing prayer, the infeAts of the vill^e (ôf course those only one oiuboth of who se .parents r' ^rrae afrcady ;Chrîstians) were assembled in the Mission-house, where witti their parents and spon ■?«*. ■. .T ,^-. :j 1 •• i^hJki2^^^:-^\-tiv^^^,'i^h^^^ip.-MLi-i-.<\.iy «74 dtranser tj^an dTtctuin. sors, a congr^ation was formed numberingeighty- four, and then eighteen înfants,t vaiying in âge from oue week to five years, were baptized. "In thp evening, accompànied by Mr. Duncan, I visited several houses iii the village and baptized five §dults, who, through sickness or the infir- mitiës of âge, werè prevented attending the service in church, making «a total of eighty-four corsons baptized at Metiahkatlah, which, with the tWenty- two baptized at Kincoulith, gives a grand total of io6 pensons added to the Church on this occa- sion. "It must not be supposed that ali who came forward seeking holy baptism were accepted and baptized merely because they desired to reçeive that Sacrament Some I deferred, not finding them possessed of sùfficient Icnowledge as to the nature and solemnity of holy baptism, as to the requirements of repentance and faith on their parts, or of the promises of God made to them in that Sacrament; others I rejected on account of some récent inconsistency of life, or some open sin* The total number deferred at the two Missions ^ceeded thirty." Both the kincoulith orl^skab Mission and that / at Metlahkatlah are carried on at the expense of \ iiiîïi'*''* 't.kX.>.î, ■Jj.àÂis. iLiltt ^S^tvn iî * ... "t^^ i^.^ *fti'JSt^^^ ':% 1 duppUmentarg Cî^afUv. * «75 the Church Missionary Society, the committeeof which would doubtless gladly extend their work, if only increased funds for the purpose were put at their disposai j^ 9- . ' CLA&BNDON P&BSg, OXFORD. TOB THl lOOIITT VOB FBCMCOTIVa 0HBI8TIAH XVOWUDOa. . v„J.ulîfe(iiKSS^Mfek'a''%:i;Bi'i ,.,' . A h^^t i^K^ BaMu fax SBronurfittu Cttiste If^miù^t. ■ ai PttbUratfons on ' THE CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES. BOOSS. Price. Steps to Faith. Addresses on some points in the Controveray with Unbelief. «. d. By the Eev. Brownlpw Maitland, M.A., Author o£ " SoepiiiHsm and Faith," &o. PostSro Clothboardt 1 6 Theism or Agnosticism. An Easay on the (^unds of Belief in Ood. By the Sey. Brownlow Maitland, H A., Author of " The Argument froiéa ' Prophecy," &C. .PostSro OÎotkboafda 1 6 Argument from Prophecy (The)^ ■> Bf the Eey. Brownlpw Maitland. MA., Author of " Soeptioism and Faith," ko. Post 8ro. Clotk boardt 1 6 Soepticiam and Faith. By the Bev. Brownlow Maitland. Pest Svo. Cloth hcardt 1 4 Modem Unbelief: its Prinoiplea and Charao- TBBiBTK». By the Bi^ht Bev. tli$ Lord Bithop of OloaoMter aad Bristol. PoetSvo Cloth boarda 1 6 The Witness of the Heart to Christ Being the Ilulsean Lootiu«> fpr 1878. By the Bev. W. Bovd Garpenter, M.A. PostSvo Clothbçardi 1 6 Some Modem Religioua Dtffioulties. 'Six Sernioiis preached, by the request of the Christian Evidt^noo Society, at St. James's, Picoadilly, on Sunday Afternoonsafter Eaat«Afn876 ; with a Préface by hie Oraœ the Arohbishop uf Canterbnry. Post Sro Cloth èoardi 1 6 Some Witneaaeefor the F a ith . Six Sermons preHohed, by tht> rvquest of the Chrfitiaa Evidenœ Soeiety, as, 8l 8te(ihen'H Uhuroh, South Kensiog- ton, on Sunday Atternoens alter Buter, 1877. __ P<>at Svo. ' boardi 1 4 8-MO] [Rm. Poat Svo. ''iik ibk"i*&i|î^ J, ■À !' -.^a*^ 2 Puhlicatiom on ïhe Ghnstian Evidences. # i Theism and Christianitu. ' ^''•'• The Analogu of Religion. School. ]S^t sVr ^"*^' ^•^•' ^""^ Maater of Repton . Vlothboardt 3 " Miracles." ^o«i/ Difficuities connected with the Bible >J^om/ Diffloultiee connected with the Bible Majesty'aChapeUt WhitehaU. By the W^ïn-M-^-J^ Prayer and récent Difficuities aboût it vSÏ^!i!? 5!rJ**J~*^'Cl>*pelatWhitehall. Bytte TheaboveThr«eSeri6.inaToluine CfoAJoaîS 6 8 Hiatorical Illustrations of the Old Testament. Can m Belieue in Miracles? Pitlfro^"'*'^"' ^-^ **' ^'^ <^"«Ç«' Cambridge. ClotAboardt 1 6 The Moral Teaohing of the New Testament BeT.C.A.llow,ll.A. PostSvo CUHkdarZ 1 6 ^cr i pture ùootdna^ nf Créat ion, 2'^î!îM'£'*-p"%'"-^'^~'«»«»"'MoralPhiIo«,phy »t Cambridge. Po.t8To ...ClofkioirL 1 6 1^, rï Publications on the Christian Evidences. 3 Thoughta on the First Principles of the Positive Ta Philosopht, consîderkd in Relation to thb Huhan ,^- ..^l, î?*® ^}^ Bexyaxnin Shaw, MJL, late Follow of Tnmty (JoUege, Camb. Post 8vo , Limpeloth 8 Thoughta on the Bible. By theUto Bev. W. Gresley, M. A.. Prebendary of Liohfield. Po^oyo Clothhoard* 1 6 The Reasonableness of Prayer. By the Ber. p. Onslow, MX PostSro Limpeloth 8 Pa/ey'8 Euidences of Christianity. A New Edition, with Notea, Appendix, and Préface. By the Ber. E. A. Litton, MJL PoatSTO ClotMoardt 4 Pa/ey's Natural Theology. Beviaed to harmoniBe with Modem Sdenoe. By Mr. P. le Gros Clwk, FJLS., Président of the Royal Cîollege of Surgeons of England, &o. PoBtSvo. ...... ..;...CftrfA*oorrf» 4 Paley'a Horœ Paulinœ. 4 â®w *'*^*'°°j> '"*'' Note«L Appendix, and Préface. By J. 8. Howson, D.D., Deau or Chester. Post 8f o. Clotli, hoard» 3 The Story of Création aa told by Theology andScibkcï. BytheBeT.T.S.Aokland,M.A. Postavo. CMh hoard» 1 6 Man'a Aooountableneaa for hia Religioua Belief A. lecture deHrered at the Hall of Soienoe, on Tuflsdby. Trinity, Paddington. PostSvo ..Papercovn- 3 The Theory of Prayer; with Spécial Référence ■ TO MoDSRN Thouoht. By the Bev. W. H. Karslake ■•^t AsMstant Preaoher at Linooln's Inn, Vioar of Wertoott, DoririDft late FeUow and Tutor at Merton CoUege, Oxford. TostSra Limpeloth 1 When waa m Peniateuoh WritteWT^^ By George WMinfton, BJL, author of "Can we Bdiere inMlraoSer'to. PostSro. ClothhocHZ 1 6 > t % ;lt^»• V. ''f ^y * "'"- y' j ' -- '^' " - ' ? ' ' A ' w"'' * "- * w" '^ ^\ v " ' w <0 u f'<9 i f p r - ■ ■ - . ( , • r 4 Publications on the Christian Eviâences, Prioo. The Credibility of M gâteries. ,.d. A Lecture delivered at St. Qeei^e'a Hall; Langham Plaoe. By the fier. Daniel Moore, 1I.A. PostSvo Fapercovtr 8 Analogy of Religion, Natural and Reuealed, r TO THB CJONSTITUTIOU AND COUBSE OF NaTDBK : to whloh nre added, Two Brief Diasertations. By Bishop Batler. NbwEdition. PostSvo ;. ClolhboanU 2 6 Christian Evidences : intended chiefly for the youag. By the l^t Barerend Bichard Whately. D.D. 12inp :.... Pap«r cover 4 The Effioaog of Prager. By the Bev. W. H. Karslake, HJL, Assistant Preaoher at Lincoln's Inn, &o. &o. Post 8ro. Limpelo (i Science and the Bible : a Lecture bg the Right Bev.BisIiopPen7,D.D. ISmo. Papercoiw4d.,orZmpcfo(A 6 A Lecture on the Bible. Bg the Verg Rev. E. M. Oonlbum, D.D., Dean of Norwioh. 18mo. Paptr covtt' 2 The Bible : Its Evidences, Characteristios, and Eflfeots. A Lecture by the Bight Bev. Biahop Perry, D.D. 18mo.... Paptreovtr 4 The Origin of the World acoording to Rbvblation and Soienob. a Lecture by Harvey Qoodwin, MJL., Bishop ofCarlisle. Post8To....CTort èoarrfi 4 %* Fw List cf TRA CTS on Vu Ch-ùtian Evidenctt, ut (ht Socitt}/'i Catalogue B. DEPOSITORIES: NORTH U M BERLAN DEVENUE, CHARINO CR09S, S.W.-y 4, ROYAL BXCHANGE, E.a ; 48, PICCADILLY, W. LONDON. kjfl^ L^>.A iu^Mi. • I 1 UiiK.i.».li!4^,Î^Mit.^Liilyl&!^ Prioe. i.d. ^5? '%1 :l l r:---^i d .-. * 1 D. >«r 4 tr- fo . ,1 1 - ' -, "^ X 4 ' tr' ' ,4 . • . - ■ ,-' ■• > * * . f ■■■S Socittjf'i .— ; « »- • !• SrW. 1 l !■/ W. ■■ ^- • ■ * 1 / /■ * i .1 ^*fc » ■•>^-,*. ♦J ajf ^l: