^, 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 
 V] 
 
 <i^ 
 
 />] 
 
 / 
 
 o^ 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 HiotDgraphic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 3i WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 VirBSTKR N.Y. 14580 
 
 ( i6) 872-4503 
 
 ^.V 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductlons / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de rouleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagde 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur6e et/ou peiliculie 
 
 I I Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes gdographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intdrieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6td filmdes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppldmentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la mithode normale de filmage 
 sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. 
 
 The 
 toti 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 U 
 
 n 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est U\m6 au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagdes 
 
 □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculies 
 
 The 
 post 
 oft 
 film 
 
 Ori( 
 
 beg 
 
 the 
 
 sion 
 
 oth( 
 
 first 
 
 sion 
 
 or 11 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d6color6es, tachet^es ou piqudes 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 Pages ditach^es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualiti indgale de I'impression 
 
 includes supplementary materii 
 Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire 
 
 rri Showthrough/ 
 
 [~~| Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I includes supplementary material/ 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partieilement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6t6 fiim^ds A nouveau de fapon A 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 The 
 she 
 TINI 
 whi' 
 
 Maf 
 diff< 
 enti 
 beg 
 righ 
 reqi 
 met 
 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 28X 32X 
 
Tha copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 Univeriity of British Columbia Library 
 
 L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce A ia 
 g4n6rositA de: 
 
 ,t" 
 
 University of British Columbia Library 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quaiity 
 possibie considering the condition and iegibility 
 of the originai copy and in Iteeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Las images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de ia condition et 
 de ia nettet6 de l'exemplaire filmA. et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Original copies in pointed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimAe sont film4s en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 derniire page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, seion le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont fiimis en commenpant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la 
 derniire image de chaque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — ^- signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filmis A des taux de reduction diffirents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film6 A partir 
 de Tangle 8up6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 iilustrent la m6thode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 A 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
fmmmmm 
 
 mmmmmmn 
 
 iyi 
 
 i 
 
aUEEN CHARLOTTE'S ISLAND. 
 
 ! IMn'HEK RETURN to an AddreKs of the Honourable The House of Commons, 
 dated i6 June 1853;—^;-, 
 
 I 
 
 "COPIES or EXTRACTS of Correspondence relative to tlu- 
 Discovery of Gold at Queen Charlotte's Island." 
 
 V.uUmM Offire, \ 
 8 August IHOS./ 
 
 FRKDEIUCK PEKL. 
 
 {Mr. Peel.) 
 
 Ordered, by The House o( Coumioiis, lo be I'rinled, 
 August 1853. 
 
 7bS-L 
 
"■"■■P 
 
 ■■■ 
 
 "f^' 
 
 [ 2 J 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 "I 
 
 '■' 
 •I 
 
 VonlMr 
 
 FROU WHOM. 
 
 Governor Douglu to 
 the Duke of New- 
 cutle. 
 
 The Duke of New- 
 caatle. 
 
 F. Peel, Esq., m. r., to 
 R, Taylor, Esq. 
 
 Date and Number. 
 
 1863: 
 11 April 
 
 (No. 1) 
 
 16 July - (No. 5) 
 
 30 July 
 
 8 IT B J I C T. 
 
 With cony of Proclamation declaring 
 the Rights of the Crown with re- 
 spect to Gold found at Queen 
 Charlotte's Island. 
 
 Regulations published, showing 
 the terms on which Licences 
 authorising the search for 
 Gold will be issued. 
 
 In reply to the foregoing Despatch, 
 and conveying approval of the Fro- 
 clamalion and Regulations as re- 
 ported. 
 
 Declinmg to grant a Lease of Miningr 
 Land at Queen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 MiMOHAWDUM of Proceedings of the Hudson's Bay Company with respect to the 
 Searching for Gold in Queen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 Page. 
 
 i 
 
[ 3 J 
 
 qORRESPONDENCE relative to the Discovery of Golk in 
 Queen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 :j5::2a!--. 
 
 (No. I.) 
 
 — No. 1. 
 
 Copy of a DESPATCH from Governor Douglas to His Grace the Duke of 
 
 Netccasile. 
 
 Victorir, Vancouver's Island, 11 April 1853. 
 
 My Lord Duke, (ReoeiTed, 7 July 1853.) 
 
 I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith copy of a proclamation which I lately 
 caused to be issued at this place, declaring the rights of the Crown in respect to 
 gold found in its natural place of deposit within the limits of Queen Charlotte's 
 Island, and forbidding all persons to dig or disturb the soil in search of gold 
 until authorised in that behalf by Her Majesty's Colonial Government ; and also 
 a copy of the regulations since published, setting forth the ternis on which licences 
 will be issued to le^^lise the search for gold, on payment of a reasonable fee, the 
 conditions being nearly similar to those prescribed by the Governor-general of 
 New South Wales on the discovery of gold in that colony. 
 
 The most important difference is a reduction of 20 s. in the licence fee, which 
 I have fixed at 10«. a month. 
 
 The reasons which led me to consider the expediency of that reduction were, 
 in the first place, the fact that the true beds of gold on Queen Charlotte's Island 
 are yet unknown, and the returns have been consequently small and uncertain, 
 and obtained at much labour and expense ; and secondly, because there wiU be 
 great difficulty in collecting the dues against the feeling of the miners, and it is 
 therefore advisable to make them as moderate in amount and as easy as possible 
 in the mode of payment, at least until mining becomes a remunerative employ- 
 ment, and there is proof of the extent and productiveness of the gold deposits, 
 when the fee may be gradually increased, in such a manner, however, as not to 
 be higher than the persons engaged in mining can readily pay. 
 
 I hope that those measures may meet with the approval of Her Majesty's 
 Government, and that I will soon be favoured with your instructions on sudi 
 points as your Grace may consider necessary. 
 
 No. 1. 
 Governor DoueiRt 
 to the Duke of 
 Newcastle. 
 II April 1853. 
 
 I have, &c 
 (signed) 
 
 
 James Douglas. 
 
 Enclosure 1 , in No. I . 
 
 PROCLAMATION 
 
 By his Excellency >/amu Douglas, Esq., Governor of Vancouver's Island, and Lieutenant- F.ocl. 1, in No. 1. 
 Governor of Queen Charlotte s Island and its Dependencies, &c. &.C. Sic. 
 
 Whereas by law all mines uf gold, a id all gold in its natural place of deposit within the 
 colony of Queen Charlotte's Island, whether on the lands of the Queen or ot any of Her 
 Majesty's subjects, belong to the Cro'vn : 
 
 And whereas information has been received by the Government that gold exists upon and 
 in the soil of the colony, and tlxt certain per8on» have commenced, or are about to com- 
 mence, searching and digging for the same for their own use, without leave or other authority 
 from Her Majesty : Now I, James Douglas, esquire, the Governor aforesaid, on behalf of 
 Her Majesty, do hereby publicly notify and declare thai ail persons who shall take from any 
 lands within tlie said colony any gold, metal, or ore containing gold, or who shall dig for 
 and disturb the soil in search of such gold, metal, or ore, without naving been duly authorised 
 in that behalf by Her Majesty's Colonial Government, will be prosecuted both criminally 
 
 788- 1. A 2 ""d 
 
I iimi»i 
 
 ■I 
 
 III 
 
 V. icl. 'i, ill Nil. 1. 
 
 i\ 
 
 No. 2. 
 I he Duke of 
 Ntwcastle to 
 Governor Diiu 
 H) July 1853 
 
 C'as. 
 
 I 
 
 No. 3. 
 F. Petl, Esq. 
 Rich. I'lijlor, 
 ■;o July 185 >, 
 
 to 
 Ksq. 
 
 I 
 
 ^^ 
 
 4 CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO THE DISCOVERY 
 
 und civilly, ng the law nllowii. And I further notify and declare, that such regulations as 
 may be found expedient will he preparet! iind published, setting forth the terms on which 
 licences will be issued for this purpose, on ..he payment of & reasonable fee. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal at tho Governmei.t Office, Victoria, this '26tli day of 
 March, in the year of our Lord One thousand Right hundred and Fifly-threc, apd iit 
 the seventeenth year of Her Majesty's rei};n. 
 
 By his Excellency's command. 
 
 God 8ATF. THE QUF.KN ! 
 
 James Douglas, Secretary. 
 
 Enclosure 2, in No. 1. 
 
 Government House, Victoria, 7 April 1853. 
 WiTR refere. o the proclamation issued on the 26th March, declaring the rights of the 
 Crown in respect to gold found in its natural state of deposit within the Islands of Queen 
 Charlotte, his Excellency the Lieutenant-governor has been pleased to establish the folluw- 
 ing provisional regulations, under which licences may be obtained to dig, search for, and 
 remove the same :— 
 
 1. Prom and after the first day of April no person will be permitted to dig, search for, or 
 remove gold on or from any lands, public or private, without first taking out and paying for 
 a licence in the form annexed. 
 
 2. For the present, and pending further proof of the extent and productiveness of the ^olj 
 deftosits, the licence fee has been fixed at 10 s. per month, to be paid in advance ; but it is 
 to be understood that the rate is subject to futme adjustment as circumstances may render 
 expedient. 
 
 3. The licences can be obtained at Victoria, Vancouver's Island, until a commissioner is 
 appointed by hi<t Excellency the Lieutenant-governor to carry those regulations into cfTect, 
 and who will be authorised to receive the fee payable thereon. 
 
 4. Rules adjusting the extent and position of land to be covered by each licence, nnd for 
 the prevention of confusion, and the interference of one licence witJi another, will be regulated 
 by the said commissioner. 
 
 James Douglas, 
 By his Excellency's command. 
 
 Richard Golledge. 
 
 (No. 5.) 
 
 — No. 2. — 
 
 Copy of a DESPATCH from His Grace the Duke of Newcastle to Governor 
 
 Douylas, 
 Sir, Downing-street, 16 July 1853. 
 
 I HAVE received your despatch (No. 1.) of the 11th April, transmitting the 
 copy of a proclamation which had been issued by you, declaring the rights of 
 the Crown with respect to gold found in Queen Charlotte's Islands ; and also 
 copy of the regulations afterwards published, setting forth the terms and condi- 
 tions on which licences would be granted by the local government to st irch and 
 dig for gold in those islands. 
 
 I have to signify to you my approval of the terms of this proclamation, and of 
 the regulations you have issued on this subject. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 (signed) Newcastle. 
 
 — No. 3. — 
 
 Copy of a LETTER from F. Peel, Esq., to Richard Taylor, Esq. 
 
 Sir, Downing-street, 20 July 1 853. 
 
 I AM directed by the Duke of Newcastle to inform you, that your application 
 for a lease of mining land in Queen Charlotte's Island, on the part of Mr. A. 
 Easterby, and certain gentlemen associated with him, has been a long time under 
 his consideration, because he felt bound not to decide upon it without taking 
 into view the general questions raised for the decision of Her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment by the gold discoveries in that quarter. » 
 
 2. I am, 
 

 OF GOLD AT OUEEN CHARLOTTES ISLAND. 5 
 
 2. I um, howfver, now to infunn you, that liis Grace must decline to grant 
 the lease applied for. 
 
 3. I am to yUitv, in the first instance, that although his Grace by no means 
 regards priority of discover)' in such a case as entitling to a grant of this 
 description, nor, on the other hand, would l)e disposed to refuse it on the mere 
 ground that such priority was not estaldishwl, yet as it is advanced as a claim in 
 the present case, he nnist ohserve, that it appears from the accounts before him, 
 that the iniet specified on the part of Mr. Kasteriiy was visited b)- one or more 
 vessels of the Huds(m's Uay Company in the summer of IH.'il. It ai)i)ear8 also 
 that a quartz rock containing gold, which, as far as the general description 
 given by Mr. Hooney enables it to be identified, must he the same as that 
 observed by that gentleman, was discovered in one of those visits in August that 
 year. 
 
 4. But I am to add, that since your application, intelligence has been received 
 of the issuing, by the Governor of Vancouver's Island, of a proclamation, autho- 
 rising the search for goUl in Queen Charlotte's Island, on terms similar to those 
 in use in the Australian colonies. 
 
 This proclamation Her Majesty's Government has sanctioned, considering 
 that, on the whole, this system is likely to be, for the present, the most 
 exi)edient, if the discovery should turn out more valuable, and the danger to be 
 ai)prehended from the natives less serious than recent accounts would lead them 
 to suppose ; and they do not consider that it could operate conveniently 
 together with that of leases of the gold producing hmd. 
 
 I have, &.C. 
 (signed) Frederick Peel. 
 
 < 
 
 — No. 4. — 
 
 Memorandum of Proceedings of the Hudson's Bay Company with respect to 
 the Searching for Gold in Queen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 On the 17th August 1850, Mr. Douglas writes that Mr. Chief Factor Work 
 had reported to him, that the natives of Queen Charlotte's Island had discovered 
 gold on the west side of the island, near I'.nglefield Bay and Cape Henry, and 
 that an Indian had brought a specimen to Fort Simpson. Mr. Work dispatched 
 Pierre Legarr6 and a party of Indians to the place in question, with instructions 
 to examine the gold district. 
 
 On the 24th February 1851, Mr. Douglas writes that Mr. Work reported that 
 Pierre Legarrd had returned without having succeeded in reaching the gold 
 district, owing to the jealousy of two influential chiefs, who i)revented him. 
 He discovered that there is a clear passage from Skiddigat on the cast to Engle- 
 field Bay, on the west coast of the island. 
 
 Mr. Work had been unable to visit Queen Charlotte's Island on account of 
 the stormy weather, but had received from Indians two pieces of gold, nearly 
 pure, weighing 4 i and 1 \ ozs., and a piece of auriferous quartz, and he pro- 
 posed to send the steamer " Beaver" to the gold district about the end of April, 
 when the weather is expected to moderate. 
 
 On the 6th August, Mr. Work repoi ts as follows : — ■ 
 
 " Dear sir, " Fort Simpson, 6 August isr) 1 . 
 
 " Deeming it of the utmost importance that all the information that could be 
 collected relative to the gold mines in Queen Charlotte's Island should l)c com- 
 municated to the Honourable Board of Directors as soon as possible, and the 
 return of the " Una" being the only conveyance to Victoria before the steamer 
 goes down in the Fall, I determined risking a voyage in a canoe, and accord- 
 ingly started on the 13th May, with a crew of six men, all that could be well 
 spared from the fort, four Haidai half-breed lads and two Indians ; arrived safe 
 at the island, crossed then by Skiddigat Passage, Cartwright Sound ; proceeded 
 along the west shore to Englefield Bay, at the south end of which the mine is 
 situated ; remained two days examining the place, and made four blasts in the 
 rocks, and returned here on the 2yth, sifter an absence of 17 days. ^Ve narrowly 
 
 788 — I. A 3 ci-caped 
 
 No. 4. 
 Memorandum. 
 
 11 
 
 
CORI{F,SI>ONDRNCF, RR[,ATIVE TO TIIF, DISCOVERY 
 
 ?! 
 
 pionpcd bpiii^ Hwnmpcil, nixi nil lost, wliiU; pnRsing nlong the oim'II connt from 
 rnrlwriglit's Souml to llic mine. 
 
 " The cimop not being suitable or safe to examine the access to the harbour, 
 the steamer " Henver," linving returned from the north, was, in conformity to 
 yotir instructions to Mr. Chii-f Trader M'Ncill, sent off for that purjxjse with 
 Mr. C. T. M'Neil! and five additional hands on board to carry out your 
 instructions. lie took the SSkidiiigat Passage, but when about two-thirds across, 
 the water was found shallow, and the channel narrow and intricate for about 
 two miles, so that it was deemed unsafe and imprudent to proceed ; and they 
 retunu'd here tin- 'i"th .Inne, being absent IT) days. It was unfortunately neap 
 tides ; bad it been s])ring tides they would have got through. 
 
 " In order that the access to the harbour miglit be nscertaincil, and no d«'lay 
 ari.se should any vessel with a jjarty be sent there, the " Una," C'aj)tain Mitchell, 
 sailed from Tort Simpson for that purpose on the Kith July, with Mr. (Jhicf 
 Trader M'Ncill and myself and eight additional hands to strengthen the crew, 
 and passed round the north end of the island. Having unfavoundjle winds, we 
 only got into the harbour the fourth day, when we remained five days, part of 
 the time detained by calms and head-winds. During this time, (.'ajitain Mitchell 
 soundc«l the harbour, and another one close by it; ami I furtlier examined the 
 mine, and ascended about tw<>-thir<Is the height of the mountain, being then 
 stopped li) rocks difiicult to ascend. We then towed out of the harbour, jmishciI 
 romvl the south end of the island with baftiing light winds, making slow pro- 
 gress, and returned here ad instant, being al)sent \H days. 
 
 " \\ here the gohl is found e.\tcnds Hi yards along the bench, and six yanls 
 from above high-water mark, or rather down into the sea. A black or grey 
 ro(!k all along the shon*, and also up on the mountain, with here and there a 
 little quartz ; at the mine a vein of (|unrtz, eight to 10 inches thick, runs 
 through a point of the grey rock. From the end of this vein, a little ore has 
 been obtnined ; some has been also found in the grey rock ; but the most of 
 what the Indians have got was found among the loose stones, and in the oj)en 
 seams of th»' grey rock, mixed with loose sand and gravel, and the largest pieces 
 farthest down below high-water mark. 1 made two blasts, one at each end of 
 •' " ' two blasts in the grey rock, but found nothing but small specks of gold 
 r. I send i*iH'(inicns of the rocks; also some pieces of the rock high up 
 In iiountain. 'J'he appearance about the mine indicates that a slip from the 
 nioimtain has taken place at some former period. Most of the gold found 
 appears to be travc lied. My belief is, that tliere is more where that came from ; 
 it could not have been thrown up from the sea. 
 
 " Sixty and a half ounces of ore are now forwarded ; besides which the 
 Indians had two pieces that could not be obtiiincd from them, bit at an enormous 
 price ; the larger wciglied I lb. II oz., the other being about i oz., both nearly 
 pure. These, w if li wlia» wtre sent formerly, Goz. or 7oz., will make altogether 
 99 oz , found in the small place above stated. 
 
 " Tlic country is covered with wood, very rugged; the hills, estimated at 
 "00 to 800 feet in height, rise abruptly from the water-side all round the har- 
 bour. A suitat)le sif«> for an esfablislunent would i)e difficult to find. 
 
 " The harbour is easy of access ; but the swell, depth of water, and scarcity 
 of anchorage re(|uirc a free wind to go in. A sketch of the harbour by Mr. 
 Nutt, second officer of tiie " I'na," and a sketch of Skiddigat's Passiige by (Jap- 
 tain Stuart, will give you a good idea of these places; and Mr. Chief Trader 
 M'Ncill will be al)le to oplain it. 
 
 " This is all the information we could collect. Should the company decide 
 on forming an establishment to profit by the gold, which it is firmly believed is 
 to be found in that n gion, a well-mnnned vessel, together with a sufficient 
 strong exploring party, say not fewer than 1 5 or '20 men, would be required, 
 the vessel to remaii\ at the most .suitable points for the land party to fidl back 
 on. It might probably recpiire two or three months, perhaps more time, to 
 effect the object. 
 
 " In the event of an establishment being formed, some potatoes ar.d supplies 
 of lish might be obtained fiom the Indians; there are no other resources, so 
 tliat all supplies will have to be imported. 
 
 " The Indians of Kith Kait village, entrance of Cartwright's Sound, and of 
 CasMiwan village, north side of Kngh'field Bay, I think arc not over from 100 
 to laO men in number. They are savage marauders, constantly connnitting 
 
 depredations 
 
OF (SOLD AT UURRN CIIAKLOTTR'S ISLAND. 
 
 (loprodations on their ncif^hboiirH ; tlicy Imvc liiul less intcrcoursp witli tlic 
 whitPH, and arc not to be trusted, l)ut oii^lit to be Htrietly guiinU'd uKiiinHt. 
 When I went there with the canoe, tiiey were very friendly, allowed ine nil 
 about the mine, nnd ^ftve nie every information in their power ; in fact, gave 
 nil- their country ; but when they saw that our blasting and (piarrying the 
 rocks <lid not produce gold ai I hey expected, they felt much disappointed, and 
 manifcHted a less friendly spirit ; so unich so, that I was glad to get away from 
 them my small inefficietit party. 
 
 "They were very friendly afterwanls, both when the steamer and *' Una" 
 went to their (-ountry. Shoulil a fort \w establisbeil at the gold mine, not only 
 these two tribes, but scveial others on the island woidd frequent, and probably 
 reside at it. 
 
 '' All the way from near North Island, Point North, to C!ape St. James, along 
 the west shore of the island, it is very rugged and moimtainous, particularly so 
 near (^ape Henry, both north and south, about where the gold is found. From 
 Cape St. James, along the east shore to near Skiddigat, east entrance of Cart- 
 wright's Sound, cotitinuing aloiij? the shore to I'oint Invisible, Point Rose, the 
 country is level, wooded, with clay and sandy cliffs in many ])laces along the 
 shore. I was ashore here at different places, and examined the soil, which 
 appeared excellent ; it is composed of black vegetable mould on the surface, 
 succeeded by a considerable de|)th of morly clay ; the tind)er is of considerable 
 size. When the Indians resided on this part of the island, they raised jilenty 
 of very fine potatoes: so they rejjort. From Point lnvisil)lc, along the nortli 
 end of the island to North Island, the country, viewed from the sea, has the 
 same appearance ns that between Skiddigats and Point Invisible ; and the 
 Indians report the soil equally as good for producing potatoes, the only crops 
 they grow. 
 
 " There is no harbour for a vessel or even for a boat, except to beach her, all 
 the way from Skiddigats to Point Invisible ; but there is anchorage some dis- 
 tance from the shore all along the way to North Island. 
 
 " The appearance of many inlets and bays along the west shore from North 
 Island to Cajjc St. James, and from thence along the east shore to Skiddigats, 
 as viewed from the sea, indicates that harbours may be found in different 
 places. 
 
 " When I went with the canoe I intended to have gone all round the island, 
 but the rough weather rendered it too dangerous to make the attempt. 
 
 " From the description the Indians gave of the place where they found the 
 gold, I was mider the imprcision that, even with the slender means we jiossessed, 
 we could blast the rock, and (piarry out the stones containing gold, to at least 
 ballast, if not loud a vessel. In this hope I was disappointed. 
 
 •' James Douglas, Esq. 
 
 " I am, &c. 
 (signed) John Wor/i. 
 
 On the 0th October Mr. Douglas dispatched the " Una," Captain Mitchell, 
 with Chief Trader M'Neill and 1 1 men, who were to pass the winter in Queen 
 Charlotte's Island, and explore the interior. Mr. M'Neill made the following 
 report of his operations at Mitchell's Harbour, (iueen Charlotte's Island : — 
 
 " Sir, " Fort Simpson, 20 November 1851. 
 
 After leaving Victcn-ia I proceeded with the " Una" to fulfil your instruc- 
 tions of the 4th October 1 8.') I. We had a fine run to Queen Charlotte's Island 
 of four days, after which a gale of wind (!ame on which detained us olT the 
 place. Cape Henry, eight days, consequently we did not anchor in Mitchell's 
 Harbour until the'JOth October. 
 
 " On the second day after our arrival we connnenced blasting the rock at the 
 old place. We commenced in a vein of quartz, and were very successful ; the 
 rock proved to be rich with gold, as you will see by the specimens now forwarded 
 by Dr. Kennedy. We followed the"vein, and found it deeply impregnated with 
 gold. The voin seems to take the directioji up the mountain ; in fact, our men 
 were half way to the top, say 300 feet above the water, and found quartz rock, 
 a specimen of which 1 now send you. In my opinion gold will be found in 
 many i)laees hereafter on the west side of the island, as quartz rock is to be 
 found in every direction. We found it in four different places in Mitchell's 
 
 tSS— 1. A 4 Harbour, 
 
 M 
 

 9E 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO THE DISCOVERY 
 
 1 ** 
 
 I'l 
 
 '>! 
 
 1 
 
 Ilftrbour, but had no timr to rxnminr it. I am Rorry to inform you that we 
 wtTf ohliirrd to lonvf off blnwtinfc, nnd quit the i)iur»' for I'ort Simp8on, on 
 ncfouiit ol' th(! niiiioynnct' we cxixriciHTd from thr natives. 'I hey arrived in 
 larm' nunilxTs, tmy 3(» ciimxH, niid were nmeli )>ieuKed to see us on our firnt 
 arrival. Wlien tliey huw us hluttlwi^ and turning out tlie jj;old in nuch larm? 
 quantities, tliey l)eean»e exeited auil commenced depredatiuuH on u», otealinK 
 the tools, and taking at h-ii.st one-half of the ffold that wan thrown out by th« 
 blast. They wnuhl lie coi eeak-«l until the report wa« heard, and then make n 
 rush for the gold ; a regular seramble between them nnd our men wouhl take 
 place ; they would take our men by the legs, and hold them away from the 
 gold. Some blows were struck on these occasions. The Indians drew their 
 knives on our men often. The men who were at work at the vein became com- 
 pletely tired and disgusted at their proceedings, and came to me on three 
 different occasions ancl tohl me that they would not remain any longer to work 
 the gold ; that their time wa.s lost to them, as the natives took one-half of the 
 gold thrown out by the blast, and blood would be shed if they continued to 
 work at the digging ; that our force was not strong or large enough to work 
 and tight also. They were aware they could i\c* work on shore after hostility 
 had commenced, therefore I mode up my mind to it\ ve the place, and proceed 
 to this place. 
 
 " The natives were very jealous of us when they saw that wc could obtain 
 gold by blasting ; they had no idea that so much could be found below the 
 surface ; they said that it was not good that we should take all the gold away ; 
 if we did so, that they would not have anything to trade with other vessels 
 should any arrive. In fact, they tohl us to be off. Tlie chiefs liavo no power 
 over the lower orders, and of course cannot prevent them from plundering or 
 committing any act of violence on strangers. 1 will refer you to Mr. Greggor 
 for information regarding the vein, &c., at the diggings, as he seems to have a 
 good idea of the rock, and how the work should be carried on ; he has behaved 
 well, and was \ery zealous at bis work. 
 
 " The men said they should go agahi in the spring, if an expedition properly 
 fitted should start fo" working the gold in Queen Chorlotte's Ishind. In my 
 opinion, should an'-.-ier exi)edition go to Queen Charlotte's Island, a force of 
 at least 80 nien would be required, with two officers to attend the land party ; 
 the shij) also should have three officers besides the ca|)tain, which I can prove 
 by experience during our late visit to the gold district. The ship's crew, as well 
 as the land party, should go on shares of the gold that may be colU'cted, as it 
 would prevent smy one from trading gold ; we had considerable trouble during 
 our stay at the island, to prevent the ])eople from trading the ore. Tlie natives 
 brought a quantity of gold to me, which I traded, and now forward it together 
 with that which we obtained by blasting ourselves. 
 
 «' Very little, if any, gold will be obtained in Queen Charlotte's Island, except 
 by blasting. It appears to me, that some of the gold I traded was obtained 
 in some other place than that which we were at. They, however, said that they 
 had discovered gold in no other place than in Mitchell's Harbour ; this report 
 I much doubt, as the lumps are solid, and different from any other that we 
 found at the j)lace we were at work on. 
 
 " We have discovered, and proved by this voyage, that gold is to be found 
 in quantities at Mitchell's Harbour alone to pay an expedition to go there and 
 work it. I had no opportunity of examining the country much, as we remaiticd 
 but 15 days, during which time I was occu))ied with the Indians, as no one on 
 board except myself could speak to them. We had had some boisterous 
 weather during the time also. I saw no place where we could build a fort 
 anywhere near the diggings. The shores near the sea and harbours are bold, 
 steep rocks down to the water's edge. 
 
 '• Provisions will be found scarce at Mitchell's Harbour ; no deer on the 
 island, and fish appear to be very scarce, as they cannot catch them on the 
 outside of the island, except during a calm, or a north-ea.st wind. Potatoes can 
 be had in large quantities from the Skiddigats tribe, who reside on the east 
 side of the island, but can reach the diggings in two days travel in the summer 
 season. 
 
 " hhould a fort be built, or a ship remain at the diggings for a length of time, 
 a large number of Indians would collect and reside near at hand, and give 
 annoyance. Therefore, a large force of me i would be required for protec*'- ", 
 
 nnd 
 
 ^ ■ 
 
ws'mmm 
 
 1 
 
 OF (501,1) AT UUKEN CMARLOTTK'S Isr.ANI) «, 
 
 nnd t() work tl\c ^ol(l ; n p«'rKOii ncqunintcd uifh tlic Itulians Hliould 1 rjul tlio 
 cxixtlition, and have an iiit(q)r(t«T. Tlu' iialivcH on flir vvjht or outsidt- of the 
 island art! j;ri-at niaraudirx, and prey on di-stunt trihiH, lake uiuiiy prison«T8, 
 and make sIuvch <<f t.icMii. 
 
 " I liope you \v.»l 1)0 untitificd with tiie rensonn I have fr\vvi\ for U-avinK the 
 diftKings, and ntit remaining ihrri" m) lonn an you wislu-d Tiic voyaj^e, iiowuver, 
 has done sonu' iiood ; wo huve usoertained thai fiM xa to bt- found by bloMtiiifj 
 to pay for working it. 
 
 " 'I hi' last or purest gold i» to be found deep down in tlu' rock ; we, however, 
 had no time or chance to get at it. as wt- were ol)hged to leave, an Htatcd 
 before. 
 
 " I remain, &e. 
 
 "James Douglas, Escp" (Higued) " IP: J I. AVNeill' 
 
 Mr. Douglas writes on the I'lth November 1H.»1, that the *• Kxact," an 
 American s(!hooner arrived at Victoria on the 2'M\ Novendier IR.")!, v a route 
 for (iucen Charlotte's Island, with \V2 passctiLcers, all Americans, ami im the 
 'JHlh Dcceiiibcr stati's, that the Anurican sloop " (ieoru;iann " was lately 
 wrecked on (jueen Charlotte's Island, with '.'•J American liold huntiis on board ; 
 that the natives jjlundercd the people, but spared tluir lives, and that an 
 American vessel had sailed from Niscjualiy to rescue them from the Indians, 
 at the expense of tlu' United Stales. 
 
 Another American vessel, the " Damanscove," a.Tived ui MitclicU's Harbour, 
 l)ut the sight of the Iiulians frightened them off, and no one i.mded. 
 
 On the 18th March IH5'i, Mr. Douglas writes, that he is 'itting out an expe- 
 dition to Queen ChaHotte's Island to go in the brignntine " Recovery," 
 consisting of five officers and 40 men, under chargi- of Chiet Trader Kennedy, 
 with th<! following instructions : 
 
 " Dear Sir, " Fort Victoria, I H March I h:i2. 
 
 "The objects forwhich the expedition, placed by the Hoard of Managemi lit 
 under your comnmnd, has been Htted out, have been so fre(|uently and closely 
 discussed in our jiersonal conferences, that it is merely necessary to remark 
 here, that those objects are all connected with the exi)loration of Queen 
 Charlotte's Island for the present puri)oso of gohl digging, and tiic tdtimate 
 object of establishing a commercial post, when the situation best adapted for 
 that purpose has been ascertained. 
 
 " The cxjicdition consists of the brigantine " Uecovery," A'2 landsmen and 
 seamen, making, witli the officers, a total force of 'l.'i persons. 
 
 " Vou will receive hercwitli a copy of the agreement entered into with tiie 
 men, which, you will ob.scrvc, gives yim a wide jurisdiction, and fidl power to 
 regulate all matters connected with the security and good government of the 
 jiarty. 
 
 " The ])rincipal difficulty apprehended in the present exjtcdition is the oppo- 
 sition of the natives, who being averse to the working of tin: mines will throw 
 every jiossiblc obstaide in your way. 
 
 " The first object to which we think your attention should be diiectod after 
 your arrival in Nlitchdl Harbour, is a friendly arrangeineiit willi the natives 
 for working the mine, as the jiolicy of the company and the voice of humanity 
 are equally enlisted in behalf of conciliatory measures. We therefore beg to 
 impress upon your mind our earnest wish that all your intercourse with the 
 natives should be marked by a sjiirit of kindness and forbearance, and that pos- 
 session of the mines should be secured without bloodshed. 
 
 " Among the va"ious jilans suggested by our experience of Indian character, 
 there is none that holds out a greater prospect of success than the following, 
 which is briefly as follows : — 
 
 " The Indians of (Jold Harbour having repeatedly, both to Mr. Work and 
 yourself, agreed to surrender the district about Gold Uai hour into our hands 
 for the purpose of building a trading post, you will accept the surrender on 
 those terms, in addition to areasonal)le amount of compensation by way of pur- 
 chase-money. That being effected, let a strong breastwork of rough logs be 
 thrown up around the mine, and warn the Indians tliat they are not to enter 
 the enclosure without leave. Sentinels should be placed in suttieieiit numbers 
 to enforce obedience and to keep the Indians from trespassing. Ijuder the pro- 
 
 788— I. B tectiou 
 
10 
 
 CORRKSPONDENCK RKL\TIVi; TO THE DISCOVERY 
 
 
 * '« 
 
 tectioii of the ship, which may he moored within .'K) yards of the mine, and the 
 enclosure togetlier, th<' miners may i)ursue their hil)ours without (Umger or 
 molestation, and the Indians, seeing tin; strength of your position, will he 
 restrained from further asiiression. .Such is an outline of our plans, and it is 
 left to your own good judgment to carry it out in the manner circumstances 
 may render advisahle. 
 
 " The fore at your di>pi'sal must necessarily he divided into several parties, 
 some hting required to remain on l)oard tlie ship, others as sentinels on shore, 
 and tlie remainder will he disposable for nuning, which we jn-opose should he 
 carried on in the following manner -.—The vein of gohl, about 80 feet long, will 
 he divided into sections ot eight or ten feet, and one such section be given to 
 two men, who will drill the holes under the directions of Mr. Greggor, who is 
 engaged s])ecially to superintend the mining department, and will charge and 
 set off all the blasts, as a precaution against accidents and loss of time arising 
 from the awkwardness of inexperieneeil hands. 
 
 " Shovdd any other party be em])loycd on the vein when you reach Gold 
 Harbour, you will recpure them to remove from the spot, as the place belongs 
 to the Ilndsons Hay (^jniiiany by discovery and prior occupation, as well as by 
 Her Majesty's exclusive licence of trade granted to tiie company. 
 
 "You may also inform tlie parties, if Americans, that British ships of war 
 are soon expected, and that they run the risk of being seized and their property 
 confiscated if found on any pi.rt of the British coast. 
 
 " The vessel is victualled for six months, and disposable for that period; she 
 will either be relieved by the " Mary Dare," er receive a supply of stores in the 
 month of July next, and must on no account leave the coast before the middle 
 of Septend)er, shouhl the " Mary Dare" not arrive there .sooner. 
 
 " Should the gold vein in Mitchell Harbour be exhausted at any time before 
 the close of the vovage, your researches should he extended to other parts of 
 llu- coast, as it is not probable that gold exists in one place only. Douglas 
 Harbour is mentioned as a promising place, both from the character of the 
 rocks and its proximity to MitcheU's Harnour. 
 
 " it has been remarked that the veins of auriferous quartz in California inva- 
 riably run from S. S. E. to N. .N. W., a circumstance worthy of notice, as it may 
 he of service in your researches on Queen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 " You are so well acquainted with the nature of the service on the coast, and 
 of the great advantages resulting from obc(Ucnce and subordination, that we 
 shall li!ave such matters to yourself, sii'jply remarking that projier rules and 
 regulations for the government of the party should be established as soon as 
 possible, the men being bound by their agreement not only to obey all orders 
 and regulations, but lo assist in jjutting the same in force. 
 
 " Every man should have his particular work assigned to him, and should lie 
 emi)loyed in the department of the work where his services will be most useful. 
 
 " \Mlh ret'erence to the agreement and other documents herewith, and wish- 
 ing you every success, 
 
 " I remain, &c. 
 
 " John Kennedy, Esq." (signed) " James Douglas." 
 
 Mr. Douglas observes, "Chief Trader Kennedy's personal knowledge of the 
 Indians, and the influence he luis acquired over their minds by a long series of 
 good offices, admirably qualifies him for the work, and will be of the utmost 
 a<lvantage to the expedition, as conciliating and tending to prevent fatal affrays 
 with the natives, which are at once contrary to our general policy, and dis- 
 tasteful to the Governor and committee. 
 
 " Tiie vessel is victualled for six months, and further supplies of stores and 
 jirovisions will be sent on, from time to time, as required, it being our inten- 
 tion to keep a party constantly on the spot until other means are taken to 
 occupy the country. 
 
 " Tiiere not being time to make out by this mail a copy of my report to the 
 Governor and Comieil of the Kith instiinr, I beg to refer you to the following 
 extract from that conununieation, which fully explains our views and plans in 
 regard to Uueen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 " ' Not being prepared at present to build an establishment on Queen Char- 
 lotte s Island, from want of the pro])er descripti<jn of men and of efficient officers 
 to conduct them, and it being moreover not considered advisable to undertake 
 
 •0 
 
OF GOLD AT QUI- EN CIIAHLOITE'S ISLAND. 
 
 II 
 
 so iinportant a nu^asure until we have acquired i\ more complete knowledge 
 of till' g( olo.uical structure and aurilcrous deposits of the island, and have 
 thereby ascertained, beyond the risk of future disappointment, the most eligil)le 
 site for the establishnu-ut, both as resjjects tlie miiiinsjor purchase of (jold, and 
 the convenience of general trade, we think it advisable to defer estaldishing a 
 post until we are in a position to give their duo weight to all these consider- 
 ati(ms. 
 
 " ' In reference to that mrasure, I may remark that the shores of the sea coast 
 about and in iNIitchell's Harbiur, according to Captain M'Neill's report, consist 
 of lofty precipitous rocks, rising from the water's edge, and offer no practicabh; 
 site for a trading post. According to the same authority provisions are scarce, 
 there being no deer in the country, and but scanty supplies of fish ; the only 
 kind of food we could dej end on procuring in any <|uantities, being potatoes 
 from the natives inhabiting Cartwright's Sound, so that nearly all the provisions 
 for Ihe establishment will have to be imported. Chief Factor Work concurs in 
 opinion with the report just (piotcd, as to the ineligibility of the groiuul about 
 Rlitcheil's Harbour for an estabhshment, and th(! scarcity of iirovL^iions in the 
 country generally, and moreover adds that the west coast of tlic island, through- 
 out its whole extent, is very rugged and mountainous, as well as the east coast 
 from (,'ape St. James to Cartwright's Sound, from whence to Point Rose and 
 the north shore to North Island, the country is level, with a good quality of soil, 
 consisting of black vegetable mould overlaying a line loamy sub-soil. There is 
 no clciu- land in the island, the whole surface being covered with pine timber of 
 large size. 
 
 '■ ' (jodd harbours have been discovered on both sides of the island, and there 
 are many bays and inlets which have not been examined. 
 
 " ' From these accoimts the east coast, north of Cartwright's Sound, appears 
 the most eligiile for a trading i)ost, so far as regards tiie country, soil, and 
 climate ; but on that side it wovdd be inconveniently distant from the only 
 known gold district, iuid therefoie highly objectionable ; Imt should gold here- 
 after be discovered in equal abundance on the east side, as is even now reported 
 to be the case, though in doubtful authority, the advantages would be greatly 
 in favour of that i)art of the island. 
 
 " ' In the nicantiuic, until these points are cleared up, we propose, as before 
 stated, to employ the " Recovery " in protecting the parties at the mines, and 
 attending to the trade of Queen Charlotte's Island. For that service she will 
 be quite as efficient as a post on shore, and in some respects, as being a mova- 
 ble establishment, more conveni<'nt, to say nothing of 'he advantage of having 
 all hands disposal)le for mining, instead of employing them in building.'" 
 
 Mr. Douglas also mentions that the " Exact " had returned from Queen 
 Charlotte's Island, having being driven off by the natives from Mitchell's Har- 
 bour, and the 'A2 people in her came away empty handed. 
 
 Mr Douglas writes on the 18th April 1852, that the American brig " Da- 
 mansco\ e " had arrived at Victoria, having been beaten oft' Queen Charlotte's 
 Island, by th(! natives, whose daring and power they re])rescnt as being very 
 great. Air. Douglas observes, " In our case we trust tor success as much to 
 tact and management as to i)hysical force, which is neciessary for its imposing 
 eft'eet, i)ut should never be used in establishing friendly relations with Indians, 
 except ill self-defence." 
 
 On t\ o. 12th July 18.J2iMr. Douglas mentions the receipt of letters from 
 Mr. Keit'.iedy to the 21st June. He had found «old, but in such small quantities 
 as not to pay for working. The officers and men were all dispirited at the" 
 want of success, and the " Recovery " was in sole occupatiou of the island, all 
 the American vessels having gone oft' in disgust. 
 
 Cnder date 23d August I8,j2, Mr. Douglas reports the arrival of Mr. Kennedy 
 at Victoria, who rejiorttd that the expedition had been very unproductive ; they 
 had found no gold anywhere, but at the rock at Mitchell's Harbour, which vein 
 he soon ^-xhausted. He then commenced exploring on the coast, and in the 
 interior of the island, but made no remunerative discovery. Traces of gold 
 were found in several of the quartz veins, but on blasting the rock they dis- 
 appeared. 
 
 Operations were then resumed in Mitchell's Harbour, but without success. 
 Douglas Harbour was exandned witli a Hke result, and the men became dis- 
 pirited, and Mr. Kennedy determined to come away. The total loss to the 
 
 78S-I. B 2 compai.y 
 
la CORRESPONDENCE:- QUEEN CHARLOTTE'S ISLAND. 
 
 vl. 
 
 company on the adventure amounts to 943 /. 3 *. 1 1 rf. The men, who were 
 engaged on shares, also lost their time. The value of the ore collected amounts 
 to about 90 /. 
 
 On the '26th August 1852, Mr. Douglas reports that the "Susan Sturges," 
 an American brig, had taken on board a cargo of spar.^ cut on Queen Charlotte's 
 Island, a thinii the Americans would not allow on their territory, having seized 
 and condemned Brotchie's ship for doing the same thing. 
 
 Mr. Douglas reports on the 5th October 18.'>2, that the American brig 
 " Eagle " was wrecked on Vancouver's Island, and that the natives took pos- 
 session of the wreck and cargo, consisting of dry goods and spirits for trade. 
 
 Mr. Douglas, on the 14th January 1853, reports further, that the brig 
 " Susan Sturges " had been captured by the Indians on the north-east coast of 
 Queen Charlotte s Island in the month of September, who plundered and 
 burned the vessel, and made slaves of the crew. They were rescued by the 
 company through Mr. Chief Factor Work at cpnsidera'ole expense, which the 
 master of the vessel promised to reimburse on his arrival at San Francisco, a 
 promise up to the date of last advices not performed. 
 
 .1" i • < { 
 
 ' v#»^* 
 
 •l^i :• . 
 
 
 
 ■H 
 
 \ •i*' 
 
 O 
 
 1 Oli 
 
 - n 
 o) S 
 Cn i 
 
 I 
 
 ■ )l/M 
 
fho were 
 amounts 
 
 sturges," 
 larlotte's 
 ig seized 
 
 can brig 
 ook pos- 
 trade. 
 the brig 
 coast of 
 red and 
 1 by the 
 hich the 
 (icisco, a 
 
 X""' 
 
 
 o 
 a 
 w 
 PI 
 as 
 
 o 
 
 33 
 
 I o 
 
 CD 
 
 > 
 
 2! 
 O