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 WHAT DOES IT COST?: 
 
 ^STATISTICAL REPORT, &c.,. ' 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 CO^VEFTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ■ • ' ■;;.'<■ 
 
 CANADA 
 
 T'EMPERANCE UNION, 
 
 HELD IN TORONTO, 
 
 .«*h.'' ■ ■ 
 
 4. 
 
 I 
 
 SEPTEMBER 7th, 8th, and 9th, 1869.., 
 
 
 ^■f ■■:■«; "iiwii^jsis 
 
 NAPANEE: - - ■ - 
 
 KilNTED BY HENRY BROTHERS: ■ 
 
 1869. 
 
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 (7) 
 
 TO THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE TEMPE- 
 RANCE BODIES OF CANADA : 
 
 The documents published at your request in this form, aa-e 
 designed for general circulation, and it is believed that many 
 [)ersons will think, that something more than mere amazement 
 is required to check this dreadful draft on the public purse, 
 attended, as it is, with consequences more serious than money 
 losses. We beg every reader to ponder well the facts, and then, 
 ask, what am I doing to arrest or diminish this public demom- 
 lization? You may be told that there is an offset to the 
 liquor bill, we have brought into the court of public opin- 
 ion. Very good, let it be produced. We are prepared to strike 
 out every bit of it, and to demonstrate that ever^^ item of 
 t.he expenditure is a total loss, and the end thereof i^ational 
 ruin. First restrain, and then abolish this odious traffic, is 
 the platform of our Union. Send out far and wide these docu- 
 ments for universal information. 
 
 r v:. ..^, . ..■ ^... 
 
 W. S. WILLIAMS, la , . 
 WILLIAM SCOTT, / ^^^^^*^^^^^- 
 
 Cf^NABA Temperance Union, '"'' '" '^^ ^■■'•'' ''■^'■^'"■ 
 Secretaries' office, Napanee, Sept. 23rd, 1869y 
 
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 ;?vi3 
 
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 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 ''A.t the meeting of the Executive, held iu the month of May 
 hist, it was deemed advisable to adopt measiu-es for obtaining 
 information respecting the quantity of liquor maanfactured and 
 Vised in this countiy, — the quantity of grain used, or rather 
 misused, in the manufacture of strong drnks, and other colla- 
 teral topics. On the recommendation of the committee 
 appointed to consider this question, I was desii'ed to undertake 
 the preparation of these statistics, and repor": them to this 
 Convention. Accepting the position, I prepared and sent out 
 'the following circular : 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE UN [ON. 
 
 Secretary's Office, Napanee, Ont. | 
 Department of Statistics. j 
 
 Correct statistics, in reference to the wrongs and cruelties 
 Inflicted on society by the liquor traffic, are considered of great 
 value, as of a nature to convince the thoughtful, that the busi- 
 ness ought not to be legalized or tolerated, and that the use of 
 liquor as a beverage should cease forever. Appointed by the 
 Executive to deal with this siibject, I am anxious to gather 
 information from all parties, on every topic which may bear on 
 the general enquiry. I will, therefore, be glad to receive 
 authentic facts. . i 
 
 1. On intemperance and disorder in Christian Churches, tmS. 
 the number of communicants engaged in the traffic. . - . ., 
 
 2. On crimes and offences, including all returns of convic- 
 tions made by law to Clerks of the Peace. 
 
 3. On paviperism and mendicancy, not only in citios,towns and 
 villages, but also among the iniral population. 
 
 ~ 4. On the costs and losses, other than those incurred by the 
 ^manufacture and importation of liquor. , 
 
^ 
 
 STATISTICAL TREPOKT. 
 
 5. On diseases, idiocy, suicides, madness, &c., produced ' t^ 
 
 ■^^-^Irink. 
 
 G. On the tesftimony given by clergymen, magistrates, judges, 
 
 iirl es, jailors and others against the liquor traffic. 
 
 7. On any collateral topics illustrative of the evils of the 
 
 - ti-affic, and its antagonism to all pursuits that axe lawful and 
 
 ef7Cent m their nature and design. 
 
 I have not enumerated all the subjects on which it is my 
 
 nteution to seek iiiformatiou, but extracts from newspapers^ 
 
 pampldets, repoi-ts of societies, police statistics, parliamentary 
 
 papers and reveniTe returns, will at awy time be thankfully 
 
 received, with a view to classilication and publication. 
 
 William SooTt. 
 M%y 2?ifch, 1869. 
 
 I regret that eo few have responded to the request to furnish 
 authentic facts respecting the liquor traffic anc^ its effecti>. 
 Unless the entire time oi an agent wwe devoted to this object, 
 io is; obvious that sua enquirer must depend upon correspon- 
 (Umce for his facts ; malting use of public dociimcnts, as fai' an 
 possible, for the compilation of statistics. The time at my Ciin- 
 posal for the prepanition of a statement of the extent aad 
 evils of the traffic in this Dominion, has been but brief. I am 
 persuaded that only very few pei-sons have any connect idea of 
 the all-pervading and ruinous charo cter of this bad business, 
 and fewer still have any just conception of the manifold wayfi 
 iu which the liquor business acts injuriousl}' on every lawful 
 And useful pvii-suit. Thei-e is not a, single sound piinciple oi 
 political and social economy that is not contravened and under- 
 mined by the operations of the trade in strong drinks. Tint 
 investment of large capitals in commercial pursuits^ meeting; 
 the requirements of the community, corfers benefit in vaiiou."^ 
 ways, but in the manufacture of alcoholic drinks, the greater tho 
 investment the greater the injury — involving less employmenb. 
 ^ lojbor, skilled or imskilled, and diffusing in every direGtiQU. 
 
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 + 
 
OAXADA TEJIPKRANCE UNION. 
 
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 not good but evil, with scarcely any redeeming features of pro- 
 fit to mankind. Any other business inflicting only a small 
 l>art of the injury and misery of this, would be speedily frown- 
 down, and the strong arm of the law uplifted, would punish 
 the o!f jnders promptly and propjrly. It is, then, n2,)S;t n^ecesr 
 sary that the facts slioiU I be gathered, classified and pubJisJv 
 ed. But who will undertake the work, and publish throughout 
 the laud the fearful details of this mui'derous busmess ? Who 
 but the temperance bodies, and this body in particular, which 
 seeks to unite all parties, and bring into practical co-operation, 
 the energies of all for the public good. 
 
 If we do not at this time cheerfully combine to arou«e the 
 public mind, whatever may be the amount of cost and labor,, 
 we may be assured that the land y'ill continue to gi-oan imder 
 the burdens of a most unwise legislation and involuntary taxa- 
 tion. This assertion regarding the duties of temperance 
 l)odio3 may, to some, look like a reflection on the Christian 
 CJliu ivhes of Canada, and I wish from my heart there were no 
 reasons for considering the reflection just. To each Church, 
 antl to each member of any Church, the Saviour says, " Ye are 
 the light of the world," " Let your light go shine." There is 
 110 dilFerence in this, as between Komanist and Protestant, 
 E -i •icjpalian or Presbyterian. The moral })ower of the nation 
 is iu the Church by the design of the divine founder. It is 
 de luded of its moral and spiritual influence by fellowship with 
 g:u, and in pro])ortion to the sanction it afibrds to any grejvt 
 €viL The traffic is an unmitigfited evil, but the traffic is in-, 
 tho Ohiu'ch ; drunkenness is a vile sin, but drunkenness is in tli6 
 Church ; moderate drinking is the cause of drunkenneess, but 
 moderate drinking is in the Church. The Church is, therefore, 
 stripped of its power for good ; the influence of the good and 
 true disciples of Christ is diminished ; their voice silenced by 
 the machinery of Bacchus, and the secret practical utterances- 
 pf those wjio worship at his shrine, and bow to his authoritj^^ 
 
 •I 
 
(. 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 ]ii my oirciiliir I -«.t*tco<l for iuforniation " on iutenipcnince an{| 
 (liHiti'der ia Christiaa Churclies, and the luiiuber of comrnuni-. 
 cants engaged in the traffic." No answer has been given to 
 tliis enqiiiry, but it must not therefore be inferred that the 
 Churches are clear of the ti'affic. It may be, that many of 
 ^hose who could answer the question, are ashamed to reveal, 
 the humiliating lacts, We may not guess — we must not con- 
 jecture. In Ontario and Quebec in 18G7, there were 34 distil- 
 leries and 137 breweries. How many of these are worked by 
 Christian hands ? Quite a number. One half, at least, clain^ 
 to nL.ad ou equal footing with the most pure of communicants,^ 
 and have caused their praises to be '' sounded out " from the 
 Churches that own them, because of their wonderful liberality 
 towards religious or educational interests, carried on by volun- 
 tary effort, Of the 3,090,5Gl constituting the 'population of 
 18G1, only 35,542 profess no religion or acknowledge no creed. 
 Is then the strength of the traffic, and tlie number of the 
 intemperate to be decided by the number of this irreligious, 
 gi'oup ■? By no means ! but chiefly fror. . the crowd of religious 
 professors having an acknowledged creed, and having some sort 
 of Chiu'ch fellowsliip. I am well aware ^hat a large number 
 of our temperance men and women are chiefly connected with 
 the several churches, but at the same time it must be admitted 
 tliat their power foi* good is limited by op]»osiug influences. 
 It must l)e so we say, beciiuse the v hole power of the united 
 Christian Chiirohes would be sufficient to root out and utterly 
 ' destrov for ever the accursed traffic. Excludiufi; mere nominal- 
 ists, who give their power to work iniquity, the world, with 
 wliich they ai-e really united, could not withstand the forces of 
 moi^al energy put forth by consistent and practical Christianity. 
 In Ontario and Quebec there are, as I gather from authentic 
 sources, 3,374 cleigymen of all denominations, 2,318 of these 
 are Protestant. I would, however, in this argument blot out 
 tlie distinction, as it ought to be understood that all acknow\ 
 
 i 
 
 4' 
 

 ^ 
 
i 
 

 CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. 7 
 
 ledgo one moral standard of duty. Estimating the population 
 of Ontario and Quebec in 18G1) at 3,310,208, there stauds one 
 ambassador for Christ for oveiy 1)82 persons. Other persons, 
 t^n times the number of ministers, hold some sort of oilicial 
 relation to the Churches, and yet notwithstanding all this em- 
 l)odied agency, designed to promote good will to men and 
 j)eace on ejirth, there has arisen a terribly gigantic })ower, 
 overshadowing all our institutions of every kind, whose sole 
 effects are mischief, misciy and polhition of every kind and de- 
 gree. It is imj)ossible to suppose that the liquor traffic could 
 have grown to its present mighty pro])ortious if the watchmen 
 of Zion had been Angilant ; if the Church had bepn faithful to 
 her vocation. The legislature would not have dared to legal- 
 ize the traffic ; it would have been compelled to suppress it if 
 the united strength of embodied Christianity had ^/rotcsted 
 agiiinst it, and demanded its extinction. There is energy in the 
 • gospel to upraise the masses, giving them divine life and power 
 over sin and Satan, but if the human depositories of that power 
 allow and cherish the overgi-owths and superincimtbencies of an 
 iniquity such as the liquor traffic surely is, then and therefore 
 ^'e the divine purposes thwarted, and wickedness becomes im- 
 pudently triumphant. We hope for better things, though we 
 thus speak. The Canada Temperance Union would consolidate 
 «^,nd harmonize the action^ of all parties in or out of the 
 Churches, and there never was a time when united effoi-t was 
 more imperatively demanded. But I do not hesitate to impeach 
 the Churches of the past with being instrumental in greatly 
 increasing the intemperance which prevails. Even now com- 
 plicity in the traffic ; subserviency to drinking customs, and 
 obsequious silence when the truth might and should be spoken 
 and acted ; these, and other things following in their train, 
 have brought us to the pass we are in. There are a great num- 
 ber of ministers and members of Churches who are true and 
 tyuaty to the temperance reform ; total abstainers ; hard\vork^-v 
 
STATISTICAL REPORT, 
 
 I 
 
 »-. 
 
 ing advocates of prohibition ; but tlaey have been shocked by the 
 hostility of many, and the indifference of more. They have all 
 along been crippled and embarrassed by tlie insiduous counter- 
 working of adversaries, and the cruel antipathy of such as should 
 have been friends. The whole community must needs be 
 aroused to the existing danger, and seek by all LiAvful means 
 
 to avert the consequences threatened. 
 
 The science of statistics has been thoroughly studied of late 
 
 years. Governments and public institutions have employed 
 men of talent, and invested them with authority to obtain in- 
 formation on all subjects bearing on the national and social 
 welfare. They have generally only supplied the facts and 
 gures, leaving to others the duty of comparison and calcula- 
 tion, with a view to redress wivjugs and adjust differences, ^i 
 would seem reasonable to expect that any government Irnowing 
 that any one business absorbing a vast amount of capital, and 
 diffusing itself throughout every part of the country, abstract- • 
 ing the moans of subsistence ; multiplying paupers ; murd ering 
 the population ; augmenting crime and misery ; crippli ng en- 
 terprise, and diminishing the gains of useful trades and benefi- 
 cial commerce, would probably devise measures to rej)ress the 
 evil, and guai'd the many against the cupidity of the few. 
 The fact that a large piopoi-tion of the revenue was derived 
 from these sources would not stand in the way of investigation 
 and decision, if it were seen and felt that no amount of reve- 
 nue, however great, could justify moral wrong and soc 
 suicide, and that thei-e must be in the vciy nature of things, and in 
 accordance with the laws of political and social economy, some 
 other and more equitable method of providing for all the neces- 
 fiary expenditures incurred in the conduct of civil government. 
 Only 1;/ a terrible, judicial blindness, or by the infatuation of 
 voluntary ignorance, c-^n any people submit to the adoption (.f 
 fiscal mea.-urcs for revenue purposes, which in their actual 
 ()jcir.tions dcfjticy the cneigies of ihe people; Lullify every 
 
'■CANADA lEiltETElANCE USiOlJf. 
 
 11 
 
 al 
 
 object for which a government is constituted, and render ineffjc- 
 tual all efforts of the wise and good to elevate the masses, and 
 promote that righteousnet-s which alone exalteth any nation. 
 
 The immense dmin of the national resources produced l)y the 
 liquor traffic, is a fair subject for consideration. At the pi^- 
 «ent time it is the more necessary to pursxie the invcsfcij^ation, 
 because it is certain that intemperance and the inevilablo fruits 
 of the tiuffic are increasing rather than diminishing, and further, 
 because there exists an organized body of adverearies who are 
 resolved to remove the few restrictions which operate .ngaiii.st 
 the traffic, and the partial disqualifications which bear u|>r,n 
 them in municipal relations. So far from wishing thos'> is v- 
 soais success, or yielding to the pressure they may maLv-, It ii 
 ours to show thdft the entire business ought to be suppressc d, 
 «Bnd that the community sliould be protected against the d ;vel- 
 of)ement of the combined forces of natural evil and pcYroiMiS 
 
 < 
 
 rapacity, by the most stringent prohibitory enactments, to b© 
 
 enforced Avith the severest penalties. 
 
 The official statements of tlie Minister of Customs for the 
 
 fiscal year ending June 30th, 1869, have not yet reached me. 
 As far as relates to the importation of stroug drink, there is 
 no reason to suppose that there has been any diminution sr? 
 I compared with the returns of 18G8. These are before me, and 
 
 from this source is gathered information respecting the magni- 
 tude of the ti'affic in this branch of it. In cstimatiug, hov/cver, 
 the expenditure to the country in all kinds of intoxicating 
 liquors, it is obvious that the returns of the government fuinish 
 only ])artial information. The duties are imposed on the 
 quantities and values entered. Take for instance the aiti ^o of 
 brandy, 224,045 gallons are entered; value, $232,009; ('ub/ 
 $157,773 ; making of cost, thus far, $390,472. In t'i<vsa 
 figures we have no account of freights ; of adulterations sub;e* 
 quent to importation ; nor of actual charges in the Vv^holesale 
 and retail market s. That article alone costs the consumers at 
 
10 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT, 
 
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 a very low estimate, $900 
 examiue the whole. 
 
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 ',000_ or $1,000,000. But let us^, 
 
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 Hpre, then, is a total estimated cost to the consumer of 
 liquora, of four miUions, two hundi-ed and thirty-seven thou- 
 ^nd, three hundred and nine dollars, but the estimates ai-a, 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 r>«i ' 
 
 ■> to 
 
 ■• ,1 ' 
 
 of 
 u- 
 
 ih many cases, far below the realities, we may safely put the 
 amount down at $5,000,000. 
 
 Looking at the table of impoi-ts for Nova Scotia, and taking 
 the same liquors, including ale, beer and porter, we find as 
 follows : — Giillous imported, 561,905; value, $415,911; duties, 
 $352,263; total, $768,174. Approximate cost to consumers, 
 $1,500,000. One million five hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 We turn next to New Brunswick. Gallons imported, 441,- 
 225 ; value as entered, $336,456 ; duties, $251,522 ; total, 
 $587,978. Approximate cost to consumers, $1,160,000. 
 
 Duties derived from the importation- of strong drinks in the 
 
 Dominion, $1,3(37,4.02, 
 ^ All expenses of every kind must be paid by the consumer, 
 
 and to them the total cost of the imported liquors cannot bei 
 
 less than $8,100,000. 
 
 The Inland Revenue Returns for 1868, have not come to« 
 
 hand, or have not been furnished to me, so that I could exam- 
 ine them in detail. . Of the total returns relating to the manu-- 
 facture of spirits and beer in the provinces, I have obtained, 
 some particulars, sufficient to alarm those who have the real 
 welfare of the Dominion at heart. I quote from the returns 
 published for the year ending June 30th, 1868. 
 
 The distilleries produced 4,080,047 gallons of proof spirit, 
 wine measure, and the breweries 7,432,685 gallons of beer, 
 making a total of 11,513,732 gallons of intoxicating drinks. 
 Some portion, a frnptjon. merely, enters into other manufac- 
 tures, but this is more than made up by illicit processes,additions 
 aiud adulterations. The more than 4,000,000 gallons of proof 
 i^irit is diluted and adulterate^, and thereby augmented in bulk 
 by nearly 50 per cent., making over 6,000,000 gallons of pois. 
 onous liquor to be poured down the throats of civilized human- 
 ity ; which, together with tiie beer, if undiluted and unadu 
 terated, makes a grand total of 13,433,685 gallons of drink, 
 against which poor human nature hatS tQ co^tQn|(|^ , 
 
■I 
 
 1^; 
 
 i 
 
 1^. 
 
 STATTBTICAL REPORTS 
 
 From these sources of income, the government raises m-i 
 excfso duties the sum of $2,425,689 89. The duty on mak 
 produces $162,678.99, making $2,588,368.88. 
 
 Consider, then, wbiit must be the aggregate cost to the con- 
 sumers, of all this beverage. They must pay all — first cost, .. 
 duties, tavern licences, profits — eveiy cent must be paid by th« 
 consumers. T would not exaggerate, for I wish the facts only 
 to be fairly stated.. It is difficult to ascertain the cost to con- 
 sumers with perfect acciu'acy, but I have sufficient data before 
 i^LB to put it down at the enormous sum of $10,000,000 ; add 
 to tliis the $8,100,000, drawn out of the public purse for im- 
 jwrted liquora, and then the appalling figures are before us. 
 Our Dominion liquor bill comes at least to $18,100,000, JEigh- 
 teeii millions one hundred thousand Dollars / more than $5 per 
 liead for every man, woman and child in the Dominion. 
 
 Those who may think this estimate too high, are here re- 
 lauided^ tliat under the Internal Eevenue Act there is the 
 Brewer's license of $50, and the Distiller's or Rectifier's Li- 
 cense of $250 annually, to be paid. Of distillerios we have 25, 
 which gives the sum of $6,250 ; of breweries there are 153, and 
 t%£!SQ licenses amount to $7,650,- making together $13,900. By 
 returns, made respecting Tavern Licenses in 1867, for the 
 Ih'ovinees of Ontario and Quebec, we find no less than 4,410 in 
 operation. The Inland Revenue compilations have several other 
 items included in the totals ft'om the teiTitorial divisions of 
 tltat department, making a gross total of several hundred thou- 
 sand dollars ; but the sum of $40,000, for licences to sell, may 
 safely be added to the general expenditures for liquor, to say 
 nothing of rents and taxes, which must at least in part be paid 
 by the consumers of the produce of the stills and vats of the 
 mauufacturers. It is perfectly hon'ifying that all this treasure 
 
 should be squandered for mere physical gratififcation. 
 
 Consider, too, how large a quantity of precious grain is des-- 
 
 ttipyed in thyp pi*ocess of distillatiou an4 brewing. The lajbesiiit 
 
on mak 
 
 the con- 
 •st cost, 
 d by th« 
 Lcts only 
 to con- 
 ba before 
 )0 ; add 
 } for im- 
 efore tis. 
 )0, Eigli- 
 Q $5 per 
 
 Q. 
 
 } liere re- 
 re is the 
 lier's Li- 
 lave 25. 
 53, and 
 boo. By 
 for the 
 4,410 in 
 ral other 
 Isions of 
 •ed thou- 
 ell, may 
 •, to say 
 be paid 
 i3 of the 
 treasure 
 
 is des- ~ 
 
 CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 u 
 
 returns which I have had an opportunity of examining, are 
 those made to the Dominion Parliament for tho liscal year 
 ending 30th of June, 1868. Taking these llgureH, therefore, we 
 find the quantity of various kinds of grain used by the Brewers 
 of the Dominion in that year, to be 22,085,511 lbs weight, and 
 the Distillers destroyed G7,()85,511 Ibs^ making a total of 90,- 
 367,300 lbs. The total w^eight, in lbs, for 1867, was 71,433,- 
 150; being an increase of 18,934,210 lbs. The increase of 
 intoxicating drinks manufactured in 1868, as compared with 
 1867, (a fact not before mentioned), was 1,675,918 gallons. Of 
 the kinds of grain inclvided in the above, there is no mention of 
 barley. But there is a separate table of the barley made into 
 malt, and I find of that grain. 348, 475 bushels, which does not 
 appear to be included in the above totals. Reduce those to 
 bushels, and we have at least l,70u,000, and a total of above 
 2,000.000 bushels. To these amounts must be added 380,787 
 lbs of sugar and syrup, taken away from lawful domestic use, 
 and converted into intoxicating drinks. 
 
 It is not for me in this paper to dwell on the criminality of 
 this waste of the " good creatures of God," or on the dreadful 
 insult offered to God, who has mercifully given a rich variety 
 of good grain for the food of man and beast, but which is 
 shamefully converted into most destructive poisons. The sup- 
 posed cost of these articles has been given, after their transnni- 
 tation, and when they come within the reach of all classes of 
 imbibers of liquor. But it might be well for all pei^Sons who 
 are engaged in agricultural pursuits, to enqiii)-e how far they 
 are justified in raising grain for the purpose of selling to the 
 Distiller or Brewer. It is a " fellowship with the unfruitful 
 works of darkness " which is at variance with the law of right- 
 eousness ; and it is certain that the Agriculturist must come in 
 for his share of the costs, losses, calamities and miseries which 
 are the invariable fruits of the liquor traflic. 
 
 There are persons who have a special propensity to decry and 
 
14 
 
 StAl-ISTICAL REPORT* 
 
 
 I I 
 
 i i' 
 
 ; 
 
 denounce the Government of the Dominion for its lavish ex,' . 
 penditures of public nicney. They are advocates of i-igid econo- "-' 
 my ; they ar« shocked with what appears to tliem wasteful outlay 
 of the treasuiy. There may be good reason for comi)laint, and 
 it is unquestionably the duty of the government to manage the 
 pttblic business in all its departments, with the utmost economy 
 consistent with efficiency, so that the pecuniary burdens of the 
 people may be as light as possible. But look at this amazing 
 di'ink taxation, voluntarily endured, without compulsion, and 
 "without any physical l>enefit. The government ta,king advan- 
 tage of a propensity to use stunulating liquor, which has been* 
 mainly created by legalizing the traffic, imj[)oses a heavy tax onr ' 
 these liquors, and for this and other reasons we have the tre-?.' 
 mendous bill to pay of $18,100,000. Your attention is direct-^ 
 ed to the detailed estimates of the Dominion of Canada for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30th, 1869. 
 
 It includes first, the interest of the public debt, charges of 
 management, premium on exchange, sinking fund and redemp*' 
 tion of public debt, the total of these being $6,533,737 40 ; 
 only a few thousands more than imported liquors cost the 
 Dominion. Take the next item, " Civil Grovernment," which 
 includes the salary of the Governor General and the salaries of 
 the Lieutenant-Governors of the several Provinces, and yet the 
 total is only, (I write in view of the liquor bill) only $651- 
 366,06. The estimates for the " Administration of Justioe,"^ 
 require $440,150. The whole expenses of " Legislation," 
 including miscellaneous items, amount to the trifling sum of 
 $483,183. Without further details, we give the total, $17," 
 960,911,84 as the Dominion estimates, $140,099 less than our 
 liquor estimates. Let the people remember that they get some» 
 thing valuable in return for this expenditure. Perhaps a large* 
 amount might be saved ; I will not contend with the economist 
 but I do candidly enquire what are the returns available as thtt 
 product of the liquor ti-affic 1 Tho answer may be given at 
 
CANADA TPJMPERAMCE UNION. 
 
 W 
 
 I ex. 
 
 Gono- 
 Litlay 
 , and 
 ;e the 
 nomy 
 )f the 
 lazing 
 1, and 
 idvan- ■ 
 i been 
 tax oil 
 tie tre- 
 direct- 
 for the 
 
 rges of 
 
 once ill gener.il torins — nc^thing ! absohitely nothing that can 
 be recIcoueJ of valuer or worth the having ! Alas ! it must be 
 tohl, alv hough all men know it, we do get something in return 
 for the f ;Xi)endituros of the liquor traffic. There are, as th® 
 fruits of this bad business — loss of health ; loss of life ; loss of 
 time ; loss of property ; loss of friends. We i-eap as the fruits 
 of the traffic, penury ; misery ; coiruption ; death. As Dr. 
 Guthrie has eloquently written : " When men die, corrup- 
 tion commonly begins after death ; but when nations die, it 
 always begins before it. And as in that man's gangi-ened 
 extremities and swollen feet, and slow circidation, I see the 
 heralds of death approaching ; in these godless masses, sunk in 
 ignorance, lost to the profession of religion, and even to the 
 decent habits of civilized society, I see the most alarming signs 
 of a nation's danger- unless remedies are promptly applied — 
 the unmistakable forerunners of a nation's death. Unless, ear- 
 ly, active, adequate measures are employed to arrest the })ro- 
 gresa of our nation's maladies, there remains for this mighty 
 empire no fate but the gi'ave — that grave which has closed over 
 all that have gone before it. Whera are the Assyrian and Egy|i- 
 taan monarchies ] Where is the Macedonian erajjire ? Where 
 the world-wide power of Rome I Egypt lies entombed amid 
 the dust of her catac4:>mbs. Assyria is buried beneath the 
 mounds of Nineveh. Rome lives only in the pages of histo- 
 ry ; survives but in the memory of her gi'eatness, and the ma- 
 jestic ruins of the " Eternal City." &'hall our fate resemble 
 theirs ? ' Shall it go to prove that Providence has extended the 
 same law of mortality to nations that lies on men 1 That they 
 also should struggle through the dangers of a precarious infancy, 
 grow up into the beauty, and burn witb the ardour of youtli ; 
 arrive at the vigor of a perfect nianhc ; and then slow'y sii.l:- 
 ing pass through the blindness and decay of old age, until they 
 drop into the tomb]" The corruption and death mentioned as 
 the result of the liquor traffic, may be partiallj^ arrested or 
 
—rm 
 
 ^ 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 ,> 
 
 II 
 
 ;. 
 
 j 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 J 
 
 
 >'■ : 
 
 
 
 ^ r 
 
 
 ^- 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 [ ;• 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 
 !> 
 
 1 
 
 delaj'^fcd. The recu})erative powers of human nature are amazing 
 — the compensative power '.f lawful commerce and providential 
 government are beyond all things astonisliing ; but iutemp,e- 
 rance, fostered by a legalized traffic in strong drink, will inevi- 
 tably issue in national deci\y and utter ruin. Jiy the combiuod 
 exertions of tcmporaiice men and women, iho evil ell'ects of 
 the tfalilc may be restrained. Wo have held bade the 
 threatened devastation. The religious influences of Chris- 
 tianity, operating in the nations, have checked and modified 
 the antagonistic forces ot strong drink; but all these have 
 been insufficient to banish the enemy, and in this New Do- 
 minion we are yet face lo face with the most formidable 
 foe of humanity, — tho direst adversary of God and mar. 
 Cirrinning a ghastly einiie, defying moral suasion, entrench- 
 ed behind the ramparts of legislation, the enemy challenges 
 tts to battle. Are ■\~'p ready? Yes, we shall fight with both 
 weapons, jrasm o't.u law ; assisting the weak and helpless 
 drunkard and ; j.oderate drinker, by argument, and driving 
 the foe fi'om his entrerjchmonts by the avenging power of 
 righteous iegiB'ut xt5. To the polls, O Israel ! and there 3'ou 
 gain a victoiy t \i forever retained by moral suasion and 
 Christian power 
 
 For many ^-ears we have been accustomed to the statistics 
 of crime, poverty and death, as the constant fruit of the 
 liquor traffic. It ii questionable whethertho facts have ever 
 made a sulHciont impression on the public mind. If alt tho 
 information which has been collected and published, should 
 be gathered and presented at one view, it would be appall- 
 ing beyond measure. The records of war, and tho cruelties 
 of barbarism, have nothing to show equal in horror to tho 
 results of the liquor traffic, — nothing so shockingly repug- 
 nant to humanity and Christianitj'^ ; all the worse because 
 perpetrated under cover of law, and attended with remorse- 
 less avarice, clothed with the symbols of rectitude and 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 ft 
 
 itistics 
 I of the 
 '0 evqr 
 
 lU tho 
 Ishould 
 
 ippall- 
 
 lelties 
 [to tho 
 
 |i'epug- 
 
 norse- 
 le and 
 
 fpaternity. Ky reason of our present situation of prevailing 
 intemperance, it is necessary to do over again the work of 
 former years, and repeat the story of vexatious wrong doing, 
 in order if possible to reach the core of the evil, and as far 
 as possible remove it. To the facts then. It is indisputable 
 that the chief business of the police in every city and town 
 in Canada, is to take care of the reprobates of societj^, who 
 are trained and nurtured to vicious habits hy tho hundreds 
 of drunkeries opened by authority for a consideration. In 
 one year, out of 3, GOO apprehensions by the Police in Mon- 
 treal, 2208 wore caused directly by intemperance. Tho 
 next year the same sad story is told, and the number has 
 Jncroasod to 4,2 L'i. This was in Montreal. In Toronto, tho 
 statistics are not less aj^palling, and everywhere the evid- 
 ence shovvs that four i'liXh'* of the crime of tho countr}^ is 
 attributable to the liquor trafl.>'-a writer in the Glohe says 
 ninetcen-tvvontieths in Toronto In Ottawa, the Metropoli- 
 \hn Citv, 842 cases came under the notice of the Police 
 Magiistrate in 18G7, and the re3])ectc(i City Clerk assures 
 me that » very largo majority of these cases wci'c for 
 drunkenness. Everj'whero the same statement is made. 
 A Canadian Parliamentary Committee i-cportod that 
 "Inteuiperance leads to crime, to insanity, 1o pauperism. 
 One half of the crime annuallv ccmuiitted, two-thirds of 
 the cases of insanity, three fourths of the pauperism are 
 ascrlbablo' to intemperance." Within a few years, tho 
 dailj' press of Canada has come into existence, and most of 
 fhese think it right to send a reporter to the police courts. 
 We have every day a statement of business done before the 
 guardians of law and defenders of right. Everj' day furnishes 
 
 its own statistics of crime and madness. Those are garnish- 
 ed in some cases with ribaldry and folly, affording merri- 
 ment to those who care not to perceive that the wrecks and 
 waifs of fallen humanit^^, made amenable to law, have 
 been brought to their low estate by the liquor traflfic, and 
 
"^rr 
 
 f li 
 
 -13 
 
 STATISTICAL EXPORT. 
 
 ara hastening to death bytho demon of drink. Every poHco 
 report, if viewed aright, would butJHf)' every candid enquirer 
 that the liquor traffic in an inlolerablo burden, an unmiti- 
 gated curse, the foe of (lod nnd all mankind. Within a 
 few years past, we have had to increase our penal institu- 
 tions, at a great cost to tlw3 country ; asylum* lor the insane 
 are in course of erection ; hospital accommodation is 
 •demanded ; reformatories for vagrant and erring youth arc 
 established; boys' and girl's homes, public and ])rivate 
 charitable institutions are in operation ; and if enquiry be 
 made in reference to the chief source from whonce springs 
 the necessity for all this expenditure, it will be answered 
 that it is the liquor traffic. Nearly- a thousand convicts are 
 found in the Kingston Penitf^ntiarj' at the close of 1867. 
 The Eeformatojy of Ontario hud in it. during 18t)G, over 200 
 youths, and that of Quebec 129, mostly the victims of the 
 intemperance of parents. The Common Gaols of Ontario 
 received G777 cjiivicts of all ages, costing $92 4G4. Tho8e 
 of Quebec received 7228, the expenses being SG4,438, mak- 
 ing a total ()I^15G,902. Our expenses for the A(lniiiiislr«- 
 tion of Justice in Ontario and Quebec^ junount to ^238,500. 
 The Provincial Synod of the Church of England recommends 
 an Inebriate Asylum, because the degi'ading vice ot intem- 
 perance is unhapjiily too prevalent inCWiada. Our Limatic 
 Asylums in the several Provinces of the Dominion, have 
 under treatment more than 2,000 persons, at an annual cost 
 of about 250,000 dollars, to say nothing of enormous ex]>en- 
 ditures for public buildings. Fatal accidents and sudden 
 deaths are continually occurring through drink, occasioning 
 great loss of time, and property-, and monej'. This^ liquor 
 business is the worst possible s])eculation that over any 
 country engaged in. I's evils and losisos enter into and 
 permeate the whole fibric of our social economy. The ex- 
 penses are inevitable, and in a thousand ways we arc taxed 
 for its support, and in such various ways, that to arrive at 
 a full and coriect e: timate is utterly impossible. Tho 
 United Kingdom Al lance has made a declara ion that tho 
 j^enrly loss to the British nation is not les^ than £228,886,- 
 280 sterling— i. e., 81,144,431,400. Tije friends of Tempe- 
 rance in the United States estimati their liquor bill alone, 
 without calculating collateral losses, at tho mighty sum of 
 $460,000,000. What are the items of expenditure and loss 
 incurred by this Dominion ? It is perfectly dreadful to 
 contemplate ; but we had betl^r look the facU fiwiy ia tliO 
 
' poll CO 
 iquir^r 
 iinmiti- 
 ithin a 
 institu- 
 inHano 
 tion is 
 »uth arc 
 ])ri vate 
 niry be 
 springs 
 iHwered 
 •icts are 
 ►f 1867. 
 )vcr 200 
 s of the 
 Ontario 
 Those 
 J8, mak- 
 iiiiiisli-a- 
 
 .•ja8,5oa. 
 
 ^nmonds 
 intcm- 
 Itimatic 
 »n, Imvo 
 uul cost 
 ex])en- 
 Budden 
 isioning 
 liquov 
 •er any 
 nto and 
 The ex- 
 ■c taxed 
 rrive at 
 The 
 hat the 
 ;28,886,- 
 PempC'- 
 ~~ll alone, 
 sum of 
 uid loss 
 idful to 
 
 •- * - ■*■'-> A 
 
Ill 
 
 ^ 
 
 w 
 
CAN3CDA fESifPERANCE UMIOS. 
 
 1^ 
 
 Aloo, and ask how long tho ravages of this plagiio sluill con» 
 iiniio. Lot us take tho «amo rule of judgment as tliat 
 adopted by our friends in tho United Kingdo.n: 
 
 WaSTK of WI0ALT[I IX THIS DOMINION. 
 ]. MoxEV Annually Si'Exr IN Intoxicatino Drinks— 
 
 1. or lifpioi's imported, .... 
 
 2. Of liipiors miinufacturoil, 
 
 II. Loss IN THK ProLtUCTION AND' RETAIL SaIvE 
 
 OF .SriioNO Drink — 
 
 L Land now used in tho cultivation of hops 
 and vnrioua kiiid.s of grain, for tho distiller 
 i.^('., would produce food fv,v man and beast, 
 
 2. Loss of cajiitul and lal.'or worth, 
 
 3. Lo-is oflabor to the .Stato, by retailors, &c., 
 and their servants, .... 
 
 III. Annual Hxpknses and Burdens arising 
 
 FROM THE Liquor Traffic — 
 
 L Loss of labor and time to employers and 
 working men by drinking usages 
 
 2. Destruction of })ropertj on Land, on lakes 
 and rivers — loss by theft, bad debts, and 
 various crimes, through drinking, 
 
 i\. Charges through |)auj)erism, destitution, 
 ^'<.•knoss, insanity and premature death, 
 traceable to tho use of strong drink, 
 
 4. Cost of police, prosecutions, courts of jus- 
 tice, support of criminals, losses to jurors 
 and witnesses, at least, 
 
 ^ 8,100.000 
 10,000, 0(K» 
 
 2,500,000 
 6,500,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 5,500,003 
 
 3,400,000 
 
 3,500,000 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 ■■■■■■ — >^^4^ 
 
 $43,500,000 
 
 (J rand total annual loss to the Dominion, 
 
 In the name of all that is lovely and of good report— in 
 the name of justice and of mercy — in the name of innvi^ 
 ible innocent sufferers — in tho name of our Common 
 
 mo 
 
 t^a\ iour, who died for tho redemption of the race; I do 
 appeal to tho conscience of every man, of ever}'^ creed or 
 of no creed, against tho legalized toleration of this "sum 
 of all villainies," the liquor traffic. 
 
 William Scott. 
 Napanoe, 1st Sept., 18G0. 
 
 P. S. — Later returns more than justify tho estimates 
 given in this paper. 
 
REPORT OH LEGISLATrOt 
 
 V**^ ^'i*" 
 
 m> 
 
 •wilt- ' "■ '■ 
 
 To THE " Canada Temperance Union," in Conventio^t 
 Assembled : 
 
 Tour Coinmitloo on liCgislation, having carefully consid- 
 ered the several paper>i 'find documents referred to them, 
 ni08t respectfully report as follows : 
 
 1. That, in the 0])iniori of your Committee, it is in)politic 
 ■and wrong in any community to sanction and legalize a 
 triiffic tending to the increase of crime, and the doistruction 
 ■of property, health and life. 
 
 2. The traffic in intoxicating liquors as a common beve- 
 rage, being of the above character, no consideration of pr"?'^ 
 vate gain, or public revenue, can justifv the continuance .of 
 a system so manifestly wrong in priiieijile and disastrous in 
 its results. 
 
 3. The history of all past legislation upon this question 
 clearly provesthe imjK3ssibility of satisfactorily liniil ing aiul 
 regu atit;:: a Iraific so decided )v mischievous In its tendencies. 
 
 4. Your Cominitlee are thorefoj-e of the ()j)inion lliut 
 nothing short of the Legislative prohibiti)n of this entire 
 trafTic, except for chemical, medicinal and mechanical pur- 
 poses, should fully satisfy the patriotic a?id temperance 
 sentiment of the courUry. 
 
 5. Your Committee, hov/ever, are aware that mucli diver- 
 sity of opinion exi:>ts, even among the good and true friends 
 of prohibition, as to whether farther action slioukl be taken 
 immedi.i(telij in favor of entire pr;)hibition, or whether a do 
 termined and united eltort ought not first to be made to 
 work out practically and enfoi'co thoroughl}^ our present 
 prohibitory laws, aslcing in the mean time for such changes 
 Hs will make the working machinery n>ore perfect and the 
 laws less objech'onablo than at present; and after mature 
 deliber'itio!!, )uar Committee have decided to recommend 
 the Convention to pursue the hitter coarse for the present. 
 
 ..G- And as some misunderstanding exists as to the present 
 
 state of our license laws, and the regulations of the liquor 
 iratFic, j'our Committee would direct attention to the follow-. 
 ing leading points : 
 
 The present law entirely prohibits the sale of liquor at, 
 or within three miles of public works, whether being oon- 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 21 
 
 SVENTION 
 
 Btrnctcd b}' the Government, by incorporated bodies or by 
 individuals. 
 
 Ttio t^ale is also prohibited absohitely dm-ing election 
 days, at agricultural exbibitionn, in prisons, tolndiji.ns, and 
 to contirmed drunkards; and to everybody from 7 o'clock 
 p.m., on Saturday, to G o'clock, a.m., on Monday. 
 
 And any Municipali(y, by vote of the electors, may 
 entirelj' pr;)hibit the sale of lin^uor at retail (that is, in quan- 
 tities less than five gallons, in 'he original packages) during 
 tiio entire yonr, and from year to year. 
 
 Councils may pass By-laws for limiting the number of 
 tftvern and sho]) licences; for determining tlie terms and 
 conditions to be complied with before obtaining a lie-en^tc, 
 and tixing the amount of security to be given by parties ob- 
 taining a license. 
 
 The penalty for soiling without a license is from S20 to 
 $50 tine, and costs — second otlence, three months in ])rison 
 — fifter second oti^'ence, six months in prison, prosecution to 
 commence within two months. 
 
 For not closing licensed houses from 7 o'clock Saturday 
 evenings to six Monday morning, tine l?20, and costs, or 15 
 days in prison, at hard labor — second ofr'ence. $40 — third 
 orffence, $100 — fourth offence, three months in prison — must 
 prosecute within twenty days after the comnvission of tho 
 Offence. Tho present law also makes a vendor of liquor 
 liable in damages to the amount of 31,000, if the purchaser, 
 while under the influence ot the liquor so sold, come to his 
 death by suicide or accident; action to bo brought within 
 tiirce months. And if any person intoxicated should assau,"! 
 another, the vendor of the liquor is liable for all <lamages. 
 An'i tho husband, wife, parent, brother, sister, tutor, guai»- 
 dian, or emploj-er of any person in the habit of drinking to 
 e*ccess, may give notice in writing to the vendors not to 
 eell or give to such person; and selling after such notice 
 renders the seller liable for damages to tl.eamountof ^590. 
 7. Your Committee submit that much of the drunkenness 
 in villages, towns and cities is the result of tlie sales of 
 liquor made at licensed shops, to which places mf^chanies 
 and laborers neco.s-arily resort for the purchase of yrocerios 
 aiid supplies for their families; and thus tho temptation is 
 pre.sented to pureh^r^o liquor to drink at home, or to take a 
 dram in the store, orescnted bv a generous dealer to au'ood 
 customer. Your (lommitfoo recommend that the Legisla- 
 ture of Ontario be reqiu sted at its next sitting, to repeal 
 the law authoriziing shop licenses; and uiat provisions bo 
 
r ,r— — *- 
 
 'r 
 
 n 
 
 REPORT ON LEGISLATIOy. 
 
 ■') •-I 
 
 made tlirovving tlieontiL'e retail traffic in intoxicating drinks 
 into the liandsof the licenKsed tavern keepers, makingtlieni 
 liable at the yanie time for the mii^chiefresnltinii: from such 
 Iraffic ; providing also that no sale or delivery of liquor, in 
 anj' quantity, be made to any minor under the age of aixteeu 
 years. 
 
 8. Your CommiUee also submit that, in order to the duo 
 enforcement of our license laws, and the rightecus punish- 
 ment of the violation of the same, a necessity existd that it 
 should be made the oiTicial duty of some person or persons 
 to take the lead in bringing such offenders to justice; and 
 that the Inspector of Licenses be charged with this duty. 
 
 9. In the opinion of your Committee, much. of the loss, 
 sin, poverty and sutlering resulting from the liquor traffic 
 is hidden from the public view, and much that is seen, or 
 may be seen, is passed unheeded, because the mind is nut 
 specially directed to those points of observation where the 
 traffic tells with unchecked force against the individual and 
 national weal. Wo therefore submit the desirability of 
 jLskinjz; the Dominion Government to appoint a Committeof 
 cflquiry to investigate the subject in all its bearings, and 
 report upon the same h suggestions as to what should 
 be done in the fixture, as early a day as possible ; and in 
 connection with the work of this Committee, the subject of 
 tm Inebriate Asylum can well be considered and reported 
 upon. 
 
 10. Your Committee propose to make but one more sug- 
 gestion as to present legislation and Governmental action 
 upon the subject under consideration. Though last to bo 
 noticed in this report, it is regarded by your Committee as 
 first in importance, for upon the action which shall be taken 
 regarding it depend the weal or woe of many thousands of 
 the living and many millions yet unborn. In dealing witii 
 the liquor traffic in the four Provinces of the Dominion, wo 
 encounter, among other things, vested rights, and a largo 
 amount of^ invested capital, which man}' improperly' hold to 
 be sacred and not to be disturbed by legislation — while in 
 the recent acquisition of the Ked Hiver country we aro 
 called upon to legislate for a country fair and fertile an<l 
 without the suppo.:;ed vested rights connected with the 
 tiquor interest. As j'et the ascending sn^oke from no dis- 
 tillery, nor rising steam from any brewery, pollute the salu- 
 brious breeze that genily waves the tall grasses of the beau- 
 tiful prairies skirting the natural canals of that great coun- 
 try, the Saskatchewan^ the Assiuaboinc, apd Bed, Riyer, 
 
CANADA TEMPERANCE UNION. g.S 
 
 -M.^. Protecrand^red^.-^r'n ^^^^''/^^-^ ^/^« c.4 0/ 
 »mn of the forest, KevlMtf^^^^ coming time the red 
 Jion from the dread sco^e of t^o of advancing eivilizn- 
 be the one sreen hrJo-KT ^? . *^^ P^'esent age. Let this 
 
 old flag, ^Z7theX:C ofThfV''^^^'^^ ^^^^- ^-' 
 ■•»nd sin shall never be fixed "^K ^^^'^^^ ^''^h of crime 
 •'sylum where man can foTh- ^-""i^ "^^ ^^^^ ^^o other 
 'bo dread serpent wh'cht Is ab^.th'^^'f ^T '^' ^^^^s of 
 ] bat ^^A^-. Aa« been preserved Indi? I ^'"'^* ^^^^ ^^^'^^ laiow 
 '>.7 t.hc circumscriid watis of tti?''' ^' ^' Protected, not 
 ^^xtensive boundaries o7al^ath^it/^"' '; 5"* ^^^ ^he 
 MDce. ^ ^ s^eat, healthful and fertile pro- 
 
 All which is respectively submitted. 
 Committee Eoom ) ^" ^^^^^ell, Chairman. 
 
 Toronto, 8th Sept., 1869. \ 
 

 i! 
 
 Canada Temperance Union. 
 
 ESTABLISHED FEBRUARY, 1869. 
 
 *6l 
 
 fe'-y 
 
 OFP^ICEES ELECTED SEPTEMBER 8th, 1869. 
 
 President, — Hon. M. Cameron, Ottawa. 
 
 Vice Presidents, — Eev. Dr. Omniston, Hamilton; Ecv. 
 Wm. Scott, IS^apanee ; Rov. !)('. Richardson, Yorkvillo ; 
 John Douga]], Esq., Montreal; Hon. S. L. Tilley, Ottawa ; 
 &c., &c. (See Report.) 
 
 Secretaries, — W. S. Williams, Esq., and Rev. Win. Scott, 
 Napaneo. 
 
 Treasureu,— E. W. Holton, Esq., Belleville. 
 
 Rev. Wm. Scott, Commissioner of Statistics. 
 
 l^p^Tlie next Convention will be held in the City of 
 Montreal, on Tuesday the 6th day of September, 1870. 
 
 Special I^otice. — All persons subscribing One Dollar to 
 the funds of the Union, are entitled to receive the Printed 
 Report of the proceedings of the Convention, to which is 
 appended both the foregoing valuable reports. To all con- 
 tributors of $1.00 and upwards, to the general trcjisury, a 
 printed certiticate of membership will be forwarded. A 
 donation of S25.00, or upwards, entitles any parson to life 
 membership, with appropriate certificate. 
 
 As a wide circulation of these documents is desired, and 
 the Prize Essays also, at an early date, all persons who de«- 
 Hire the prospci-ity of the Union, are earnestly solicited to 
 forward substantial help as soon as possible. The Secreta- 
 ries cannot fulHl the {luti3s imposed v^n them by the Con- 
 vention, unless they receive pecuniary assistance toward 
 ihe publication ot documents and circulars ordered to be 
 prirAed. " 
 
 As scon as the Journal of the Union is established, all 
 monies will be therein duly acknow'edged — mean.vhilc all 
 remittances may be forwarded to the Secretaries, Nai)anee. 
 
nion. 
 
 8G9. 
 
 1, 18G9. 
 
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 5on9 who de*" 
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 'The Sccreta- 
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 •dered to be 
 
 [ablished, all 
 iean.vhilc all 
 les, Napanec.