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M2A m m I Sb4* 2.2 us lAO 2.0 LA. 111116 V] ^» / Photographic Sciences Corporation V ^ ^^ <^ rv o^ '<^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 ^ "9) ll CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques "V t^' r- 't THE TRUE INTEREST O F GREAT- BRITAIN, In Regard to the TRADE and GOVERNMENT o F Canada^ Newfoundland^ and the Coaft of Labrador, * SHEWING The Abairdity of appointing military an4 W Officers to rule over a commercial People • and the great Upeafinefs and Prejudice thatToV- trZll ^ ^"^^''""^i"'•-l Appointments ; Xh arc made more through InUreji than Merit7 \ ) 1- O N D O N: ^'h'^'U'' J^^^"^^^^^' at No, 3S, next the ^//r.-Tavern, \n Fleet-Street, i;";? (Price One Shilling and Sixpence,) iil r; fk ;i if r- 1 A- . - *,. »„»^ '?-.■■*«»» w ' f-^J ?/'■ I §■ tj. -N .^-r* / ., »^^ ^^i. ,^^ ts2 . ^-'■^, *i:^:. .^i^ .-sNt >^ ^?s^ ii DEDICATION. To the Right Honourable " TheEAIiL of SHELBURNE, One of His Majefty's Principal SECRETARIES of STATE. If' hen Princes ami Afinijiers of Stdte are fired luith a 7iohle Ambition to recommend tismfe.ves to the /IffcSlioni, and Applaufcs of that Community which they have un- der their immediate Care and Protcilion; with w'.at Zeal and SteaUnc^s will they piirfue thofe Meafures^ which are calculated to pro?note the Happinefs of that Body whereof they are the Head ! Dr. Innes. MY LORD, MY being unknowrt and linfupport- ed are Obftacles of the greateft Magnitude ; for in thefe Days when Mfn are regarded more than Merit,, B none M f T :i:.^ I x**^. **fj » id UK I- *tfiF?m(HW&* »*^: -i<>Bi«P'ma^'^««»;iiiilH>iW|pHi), 'm r I*' t. [ X ] none can approach the great Officers of State withjut fome Lita'cji to recom- mend them. This (a melancholy truth!) being the Cafe, I am fortunate in the Choice of a Patron, who is as much difanguillied for his eafy Accefs as he is celebrated for his Abilities ^nA patriotic Sentiments. The able S t A T e s m a n , and thcjinified Gentleman, are the admired Quali- ties of the Earl of Shellmnw. Ht\ like a true difinterefted Path i or, devotes his Time to the Service of his Country ; and is ready upon every Occafion to give Attention to thofe Hints which Indivi- duals may fugged for the Denefit of that Trading Community which is commit- ted to his Care. This Difpofition of your Lordfhip be- ing univerfally known, and your Senti- ments of national Welfare publicly ad- mired, I am encouraged to offer my Opinion about fome Matters which may be made greatly conducive to the Ad- ■M ■'-''««?> [ xi ] Advantage of that Community whereof I have the Happincfs of being Member. But, previous thereto, I muft take Per- miffion to obferve that, Spes Premu, La^ lion's Solatium. Thofe who fpend their Time, and em- ploy their Talents (to the Purpofe) in the Service of their Country are defer- ving of Reward adequate to their real Services. For, though every Member of a State may be bound by the Ties of Duty to an excellent Prince, and of Affedion to his Fellow-Subje(5ts to con- tribute to the Felicity of his Country, yet fuch good Offices merit Attention and Indulgence : For, as the Scripture fays, ** They that preach the Gospel " lliall live by the Gospel." I will candidly acknowledge, my Lord, that lam not a Fabriciusj being more under the Influence of modsrn Britifh Sentiments than of thofe of antient Rome. For which I have not only the Authority quoted above, but aUb the B 2 Ex- I t 1 .1 I — *■■*» ■|Tw* -^-^ -'-'^(test!-^ .^ -t'-=f^'^ [ Xll ] • Example of tlie popular- — ; whofc great Abilities, by tbe dexterous !Vlanaj:q- inent of the Ciccroman Art^ are made fubfervient to the Gratification of his own Views. Antl who would not follow fo great, fo fucc^fsfut an F^xample, pre- ferable to the miflakcn Motlefty of the ^omaii-V alrkius .^ Efpecially, as we can- not fay, as he did of Rcvic, that E'figh?2il knows no Qualificutions for great Em- ployments but Virtue and Ability. The great Diflance of Time has not only banifhed the FAiiRiciAN fimpb Sentiments, but alfo cndov/cd us with more Courtly Ideas, and given even a more fuperb Signification to Words. In that av/kward Age, Virtue was an heavenly ImprefTion on the iVlinds of the mod noble Part of the Creation ^ it ftampt them with Heroic Sentiments, and made their Anions refemble thofe of the Gods -y and /\bihty was only the Power granted for the Exercife of tliat dhinc Qualification of the Mind, But, r f fi V tl ^.I fi>B ti » 'arl li.Jg-4l>»'»Wfjj^^ ■ '7--^ )f But, by Ability (as daily Experience, and both great and 'virtuous Examples e- vince) we now mean a dexterous Contri- vance to make a Thing fubfervient to the Gratification oi private Views, which are Riches. The modern Idol who ]i;is taken the Place of awkward Vir«- TUE. Thus, the Times being changed, it follows very naturally, that we are actu- ated by different Motives or Principles : And indeed to keep Pace with the Time one cannot afford to poffefs more difin- terefled and refined Sentiments. Hence, JJjame-Jaccd Modesty being retired, or perhaps eloped ivitb Oeconomyy we ftridly follow the Advice of the Poet : Get Wealth and Place, if poflible, with Gract% If not; by any McaKi, get Wealth and Place. For with Affluence I fhall, like our dijinterejicd 'Patriot, be more able to fuccour the Nec^ffitous, which will con- vince my Countrymen of my Zeal for their Profperity. Hence ( !,'i i ': \ [ xiv ] Hence it is, my Lord, I own very frankly that I have no fmall Hopes of heing taken Notice of for the r^^/ Service I may do to the State during your Lord- ihip'8 Adminiftration : Which, for my own Sake, but more for the Sake of my Country, I wi(h may he pro multos annos. What I have to offer at this prefent Time to your Confideration is, the true Intereft of this commercial Nation, in regard to its very valuable Acquifition of Ca?jada. And the Nature of a Qua- rantine, as it is performed in Italy. A Cuftom founded upon a Principle of the greateft Prudence, being no lefs than Self-prefervation. This Pradlicehas been eftablifhcd in England alfo, but greatly abufcd, either through Ignorance, or the Want of proper Officers : To the Reproach of theMiNisTRY,and Danger of the State. And as the ereding of proper Edifices for Lazaretto's, and af- figning oi proper Places for Veflels to lay or perform their Quarantine, with the ne- c < a I t: t( t( ai j< S, [ XV ] neceflary Reftridtions and Laws, afe ab- folutely neceflary for preferving the Lives of his Majefty's Subjedts from the moft alarming Diftemper incident to human Nature> it is hoped that fome able and honeji Minifter will be fo much a Friend to his Country as to fee the Laws of Quarantine properly eftablifli'd and ftridl- ly executed ; which will be a lafting Monument of his good Judgment and his Love for his Country, That fuch a Regulation is now be- come abfolutely neceflary will fufficir* cntly appear from the great Havock that alarming Difl:emper, the Plague, made about a Century ago, when near 99,000 Lives were lofl: by it in London : And therefore fo fatal a Contagion cannot be too much dreaded and guarded againfl:* If your Lordfhip fliould condefcend to read with due Attention what I have advanced upon thefe two Important Sub- jedis, it will encourage me to -^ive my Sentiments upon fome other Meafures ne- i'j [ xvi ] neceflkiy for the Flappinefs of* this Ma- nufaduring and Trading Nation ; which confifts in the flourifhing Situation of her Commerce. Among which there is a Plan for a Tax to be levied, in order to help to pay that vafl Load of Debt which is fo great a Burthen to the State, and daily encreafes* This Tax, contrary to the Nature of Tajfation, fhall relieve inftead of op-^ preiTmg the Public, by laying it properly upon thofe People who can afford, and ought in Reafon to pay it ; which will produce a large Sum that perhaps would be charged to thofe who are not able to pay it. By this equitable Meafure, the Neceflitous ?.nd Induflrious will be re- lieved, without diflreffmg or oppreffing thole who at an eq/y Rate acquire Super- fluity. . Before I conclude this Epiflle, fufFer me, my Lord, to fuy a Word or two concerning that State Office denominated the Board of Trade. I need not tell your i;..f I k [ xvii ] your Lordfliip of what vaft Importance that Office is to the Britijh Nation, be- caufe an able Minifter mull: know it per- fectly well. But I may prefume to in- form others who have not the fame En- dowments and Abilities, that it is the moft important Department of the State; and, ©f confequence, requires its Con- dudtors to have the very firft Clafs of commercial Talents i becaufe the Succefs of all our Schemes depends upon the good Management of the Board of Trade. Which, to the Misfortune of the Nation, is more frequently filled by Men of Inter ejiy than Men of Merit in regard to r^^/ Abilities : And as they have not juft Notions how to make Trade and Commerce ufeful and advantageous to the State, they take fuch Meafures, as are ill-proportioned to its Succefs. To this Caufe are owing all our commercial Complaints. For, the Want of Know- ledge in the Members of the Board OF Trade muft necelTarily occafion un- C adapted I?(r' i [ xviii ] sidapted and injudicious De'-erminatlons : Hence arife Numbers of Complaints, which arc difregarded and go unredrefled, bccaufe the Nature of Commerce is not fufficiently comprehenued by thofe who have the Charge of that important De- partment. It is therefore to be lamented that an Evil fo great, and fo deftrudtive to the Britifi Nation, as that of appoint- ing unqualified Perfons to the Board of Trade is not ferioufly and confciencioufl3r attended to and removed. But that can- not be expected while Men are regarded more than Merit, and while this Truth fubfifts, " That for One honeji Mim^cv there *' will be found a Thousand corrupt « ones." If your Lord (hip fhould think it would be any Advantage to the State to lay your Commands upon me concerning thefe interefting Matters, I {hall cliearfully obey, but if my good Intentions (liould (as many do) pafs unnoticed, I fliall ne- veithelefs t~f I '■•-■ss.. ^ [ xix ] verthelefs think I have an equal Right with the reft of the Nation to declare publicly, the Senfe I have of the Ad- vantage which the State receives from your Lordfhip's great Qualifications ; and the Refpeft with which I have the Ho- nour to profefs myfelf. My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft humble, moft obedient, and moft devoted fervant. The Author of the Attempt to pay off the Debt of the Nation, by lay- ing open the Trade to the EaJi^In^ die ^c. I ■ C 2 m i^M 9f / THE TRUE INTEREST OF GREAT-BRITAIN, In Regard to the Trade of CANADA^ 6?r. T^bere is not One Man in a T^houfand (he jnight have /aid in Ten Thoufand) that has the Endowments and Abilities to go- vern a State, and much fewer yet that have juji Notions how to Make Trade and Commerce ufefuU and advantageous to it. Dr. Innes, THE Opinion of that Author from whom 1 have taken my Motto, is confirmed by daily Experience ; and it is much /I t' [ 22 ] much to be lamented that thofe who ^ave the neceflary Quahfications to make Com- merce advantageous, have not Opportu- nitie o employ their Talents in the Ser~ vice of their Country. The Offices of Government are gene- rally filled by People who have, what is called Intereft, or Friends to procure them thofe lucrative Employments, whereby a due Regard to their Qualifications for their feveral Stations, is negleded, and too frequently (a melancholy Confidera- tion !) we fee no Regard at all paid to that very necefiary End. For Example, we too often behold thofe very important and principal Stations of the Board of Tr ADE, and Commiflioners of the Cuf- toms filled by Men, whofe Notions of Trade muft be very confined for Want of Experience, and who, confequently, can- not render fuch important Services to the State, as might be expedled from thofe who have had Opportunities of acquiring an extenfive Knowledge from long Expe- rience ; / : r e- I 23 ] rlence : Such only can be proper Judges what Meafures are moil fit to be taken, to make Trade advantageous to the Na- tion. Were we bleiTed with fuch proper People in thofe important Offices of State* (particularly at the Board of Trade) we ihould fee quite different Meafures taken. For, fuch fit Pcrfons, for the Credit of their own Underftanding, and for the Reputation and Advantage of their Country, would make fuitable Remon- ftrances againft the grest Abfurdity of fending military and na'val Officers to be Governors of our Colonies and Settle- ments, with Orders to give Inftructions to Traders about the Means of carrying on Commerce, which they .ire themfclvcs entirely ignorant of. I have heard it maintained that how \z- norant fccver the Members of the Bor.rd of Trade might be in Regard to Com- merce, they can do cji^al Service to their Country by tlie necelfary Intelligence which the Trading People comriDnicate to I i r_,... V Ji; [ 24 I to them from Time to Time. But I deny it : And I do not think it requires much reafoning to prove the Fallacy of fuch an Argument ; fince it is felf-evident, that no Man can comprehend the Nature of Trade and Commerce, and conceive in how many different Ways it may be made of Ufe and Advantage from the Re- port of another Perfon : Efpecially, ifu^e conlider how difficult of Accefs moft Offi- cers of State are, and, of Confequence, how hard a Matter it is to procure an Audience of them, that the naked Truth, and the real State and Nature of Things may be reprefented in their proper Lights. Commerce muft be perfectly underftcod before it can be made ufeful j and that thorough Comprehenlion can only be ac- quired by the Means of good natural Abilities, long Experience of an univerfal Trade, and a good Judgment. To pre- tend to make Trade exteiijive, and of the iitmoH: Advantage, without thofe En- dowments and Abilitle?, would be abfurd and f^ i 1^ [ ^5 ] an! to give to fuch unqualified VtoY\Q \\\q Diredtion, or Condudt of fitch important Things as belong to Trade, is either a great Reproach to the Underftanding of thofe who recommend them to the Ap- pointment J or a great Proof that, by fuch Recommendations, they prefer the Inte- \d\ of the People they advance, to the Welfare of their Country, We have feen in the Public Papers many Articles about the Condudt of Go- vernor General Murray, at ^ebec ; of Governor Commodore PALLisER,at New- foundland \ and of Governor Captain Ha- MiLTON, on the Coafl of Labrador » But, in the Name of common Senfe, what Advantages has Commerce to expedt from thefe Gentlemen ? I do not mean to fliew any Rancour againft them, in order to bring upon them either the Ridicule, or the Odium of the Public. I have only in View to fliew the Difadvantage arifing to the State, and the Want of Judgment in thofe Perfons who procured for them D Em- \ I, i I >i [ 26 ] Employments of fo miicliTruft andCon- fcquenceto this Trading Nation; wherein it is evident to tlic moll: ordinary Capa- city, that they have Hiewn a greater Re- gard for the Intci'cft of thefe Individuals, than for that of their Country ; which certainly has a prior, and greater Right to their Care and Attention. To appoint a military Man to the Go- vernment of ^lebcc, the Metropolis of that vdjl Extent of Dominion, called Ca- nadiif a Colony of the very utrnoft Im- portance, whith muft be peopled, culti- vated, and entirely nourilhed, and fup- ported by Merchants and Traders, mull counteract the good Intentions of a Com- mercial Government, by making fuch an OiHcer to obftrudt, inftead of promoting, the verv beneficial and numberlefs Ends of Trade, and the Welfare of a Com- mercial People. For every Man who has any knowledge, knows that the No- tions of Military and Trading People are as oppofite as the North and South Poles. So ^ w ho No- are )lcs. So [ 27 ] So very different are t/jeir Notions, that no two Things can be a greater Contraft. Hence it is manifeft, that it is quite as abfurd to give to z military Man, educated in the School of Mars, the Government or Power over a Commercial People, as it would be to put a Merchant, ufed only to the Compting-houfe, at the Head of an Army at a critical Moment. They would each be at equal Lofs how to adV, out of their refpedive Spheres. The Mer- chant would not be more perplexed to know what Steps to take at a Siege, than the General would be at a Lofs to know, what Meafures would be moft conducive to the Profperity of the Trading People. For, no Idea of 7nilitary Prowels, can furnifli a martial Mind with Plans for the Advancement of Commerce, by the Encour- gement of Manufadures, by the Encreafe of Navigation, '^\^ extenlivc Cor- refpondence, and proper Connections with other Countries; with other interefting Things relative to Tnidc. And yet (but D 2 who / (■• : I [ ^8 ] who would believe it in fo wife a Na- tion!) with all thefe Diiadvantages both to himfelf, to the Community, and to the State, a military Man is appointed to the Government of a Colony, an Infant Colony loo which requires grcr.t Commer- cial hhWrn^s, firll to fettle, and tlien to bring it gradually to a State of Perfec- tion ; by the Means only of the moft ex- tenfive Commerce of Import- ana Exports, that the Situation will poilibly atV^iit of. A General, having Interejl or Friends, obtains the Appointment ; but finding himfelf a perfect Stranger to thofe Qua- lifications which are abfolutely requifite to promote the Happinefs of the Settlers, and the good Ends of Government, by the Means of public Advantages and Emolument j he, of confequence, ads upon Principles of his own formings which are either repugnant to the Wel- fare of the whole Community, or at befl, injurious to the one part, by too great iin Attachment and partiality to the Oiiicr. i : by 'to' [ 29 1 Other. Such a Condudt is of the moft fatal Tendency to Trade, which ought to be equally free, to every Subjed: of the Prince, which the Settlement belongs to. Such Equality is due to the Subjects born equally free and under the fame Advan- tages, of Conliitution ; and is ahfolutely neceflary, in order to nouriili, and to encreafe Trade and Commercf, in fuch a fkilful Manner, as to make it ufrful and advantageous to the Nation ; by which is meant, the Jnterell both of Individuals belonging to the Nation, and the State or Government itfclf. An E- quality of Right QVfMts Emulation -, but PartiaUty is a Difcouragement, being of confequence, an Oppreffion to the Part neglected, and muft, therefore, naturally hinder the Succefs of Trade, and thofe good Ends of Government, for which we expend our Blood and Treafure in the C'onqueft, and our Time and Sub- fiance in the Settlement and Defence. Thus, the miUfjry Man, being entirely ignorant A h I M 4 [ 3° ] ignorant of the Advantages and Blef- fings which a Manufaduring and Trad- ing Nation derives from Commerce, with little concern about Events, (farther than to make them fubfervient to the Gratification of his own Views) he a- dopts Meafures no Ways adapted to its Succefs. And to give farther Proof of his Infufficiency for fuch a Government, he is fure to treat with great Superiori- tyy and even, with no fmall Degree of Contempt, the Traders, who the mar- tial Man confiders as infinitely beneath his Notice -, and defpicable in the Eyes of a Son of Mars. A Behaviour of this Sort naturally creates (in the Bread of EnglifJimenj a Coolnefs and Slight from the other Part; equal Difefleem follows, and the DifafFed:ion is obvious to every Perfon of the fmalleft Difcernment, who has Occnfion to vifit the Country. The military Man, with Airs of as much Confequence as a Turkifi Bafla, and with as much Arrogance as a Cap- tain ■i'.f' [ 3' i tain in the Navy, confiders himfelf as a Being which refembles the Gods 5 while the Merchant, with a Confciouf- nefs that, while his Time is fpent in the Advancement of his own Happinefs, it is gre.itly conducive by the moft /jo- nourabk Means, to the Support, the Safe- ty, and the Felicity of his Country, he very naturally thinks hin.>lf injured, and oppreiTed, and treats his over-bear- ing Governor with an Indifference no ways inadequate to that which he re- ceives. This (to the great Misfortune of the Britijh Nation ! ) being the Cafe, it can be no Wonder that Differences fub- fift between our military Governors and the Colon ifls. Befides, the very Name of what is military^ ftamps upon the Minds of 2ijree 2S\A jpirited People, the hateJullAtTis of Controul and Bond- age; Ideas repugnant to our Notions of Freedom, and obllrudtive of the Ex- ercile of our Commercial Faculties. Therefore, inilead of advancing forward the n ^ ■»- V n ) I I f 32 ] the Succefs of our Infant Settlements, it muft at bijl, be greatly retarded in its progrefs. Thus I have briefly pointed out an Evil which is too prevalent; and which calls loudly for a Remedy -, and as it is the Concern not only of the nu- merous Part of the Community called Traders, but of the Nation in general, there can be no Doubt but it will be looked into, and the Caufe of Compljiint fpeedily removed. To compafs which let it be the Care of our Minifters, and of our Legiflative Power, to have a fixed Eye upon the Conduct of thofe zw^r/'w/Gentlemen who are now in Office j in Order to curb their Management, that they may not prefume to be fo wanton in the Execution of their Duty, as Ser- vants of the Public j or what is the fame Thing, as Ofiicers of the State. And for the future, let it be the Care of ail thofe whom it concerns, not to make fo unnatural a Choice as that of a ;;////- tary M p ■•L . ■ ■:» - I. mjjam, vw ' m'^ ' UIV>WI."1WW^^^ [ 33 ] tary Man to controul his Trading Fellow^ Subjeds5 which, it is evinced by daily Experience, will ever be attended \Vith bad Confequences, oppreflive to Trade, injurious to Individuals, and which con-^ fequently mufl grfeatly decreafe thePubllc Revenue. If it fhould be faid that, in fimd Places it is abfolutely necelFiry to have a military Governor jR)r the Protedtion of the Country, I deny it ; and v^-ill prove it to be greatly inconfiftent with the Intcreft of a free Trading Nation to have martial Governors at any Places Abroad, Gibraltar and Minorca only ex- cepted. For example, the Governor of ^ichcc ought to be a civil Magiftrate ; inverted with the Execution of the civil Law, without interfereing with the Garrifoii T3r mihtary Difciphne ; wkich, under proper Reilridions, fliould be left to the Condudl of the Officer appointed for tliat Purpoft' ; who, in Time of Peace, K *4 t-. u Ir V' I [ 34 ] iliould not be of a higher Degree than a Colonel j it being quite unneceffary to put the Nation to the Expence of fupporting a General, at a Time that the State is fo much in Debt, that it cannot pay the Principal, or even the Intcreft of it, without over-burthening the Sub- je<5t with Taxes, and which, of Confe- quence, Hands in need of the moft pru- dent Oeconomy. Let the military Officer's Province be to a6t only in Time of Neceffity for the Defence of the Country againft either French or hidians^ or againft the Com- bination of both; but, without inter- fereing with the Office of the civil Go- vernor, unkfd only when his Affift.ance is required upon a public Occafion. Such a Regulation as this, would fully anfwer all the good Purpofc;s of the Nation. for, while the ?nartial Officer is atten- tive to the Duty of his Station, to affift ill the Prefervation of Order within, and to k' p Peace without the Country, the I A ittSBm. .*^>*.« »>,«i»*-- .-•--« v [ 35 ] * the civil Magiflrate or Governor would promote good Harmony and Fellowfliip among the induftrious Inhabitants; from whence would naturally fpring the Sue- cefs of Trade, for the Advantage of In- dividuals in particular, and for the Be- nefit of the Nation in general. But thefe happy EfFedts are not to be expeded, while Men are regarded more than Merit, Our Favorites of Fortune, like Alexan- ders Officers, only think how they fhall make every Thing fubfervient to the Gratification of their own Views. To compafs this point, they make Friends, or what is commonly called Interefly and then without any Regard to their own Qualifications, or their Country's good, they folicit for Employments, in Hopes of making their Fortunes ; and as that is their only Aimy they flick at nothing to bring about that dejirable End : if therefore they can butfliare the Loaves and Fishes, they Care very little who Upon this Principle, a goes witnout. •• • --_ -m» A .. ^1"- I r f ♦ •. \ I t [ 36 ] hicrathc Government is very accei-itablc to many ; tho they know themlelvvs to be as little qualilied for the important ^rujiy as they are fit for the great Offit'C of Chancellor of Great-Britnin. K ncvD acquired Country, which is not only to thrive by the fole Means of Commerce, but is alfo exped:ed to bnng Riches to the xVj other Country, to rcim- burfe her for the great Expence of the Acquifition ; to defray the Charge of Population and Government, and to pay for her Support, ought to have a Gover- nor who is not only a thorough Judge oi Men and Things himfeif, but alfo onc» whofe great Experience of an univerfal Trade and Commerce, will both enable him to judge with great Prudence of a good Plan, and to form fomc excellent Schrmes himfclf, to eflablilli an extea- five and very lucrative Commerce, where-. €ver the Irodudscf the Country can be dirpoft'd of to Advantage ; for it is the f>; PORTS, and not the Im points, tl^at A ^ 1^: ■*4. [ 37 ] can mike a Trading Country flourifli. Though, IS the C onnedion between the Mother Country and her Colonies, is widely different from the Connedlioa between two Trading and rival States* we are not to be fo very jealous of the Balance of Trade ; for fliould it be in Favour, either of the Mother Country, or tlie Colony, 'twould, in either Cafe, be for the fole Advantage of the Sub- jeds, and Government of Great-Bri- tain, For this Reafon, tho' the true In- tereft of the Colony can only lay in the Export of the Country, yet a Regard lliould be had to encourage the Imports from the Mother Countiy, (but from thence only) as much as tht^ Situation of the Phice, and the Nature of the Trade will admit of; in order to promote the Interelt of the Mother Country, and thereby prefcrve a reciprocal, beneficial Conneditjn, and Dependence; which can only be preicrved and llrengthened, \n the M(?ans of nmlual Conveiuencies an4 .*j. 't;> fr'S [ 38 ] and Advantages. Under Governors f/jus qualified, we might cxpe^ to fee Trade duly encouraged and flourish j the excel- lent Laws of our Country (which are ioo often in bad Hands) properly admi- niilered -, the Subjedls live with Har- mony and good FcUowfliip, c?miIoiu of each other's Induftry ; and by advanc- ing their own Happinefs, they would imarooidably promote that of the ivbok Nation -, and thereby anfwer every good Purpofe of Government. Hence it mud be evident, even to the mo/l common Un- derftanding, that fuch a Regulation as is propofcd, would the better preferve good Order and Unanimity, and over ba- lance the Expence of fupporting a civil Governor, and a military Oflicer at the fame Time. I fliall now return to the Subje(5l of Governor General Murray, Governor Commodore Palliser, and Governor Captain Hamilton, appointed to the Stations of ^icbcc, Nczifoundla?2d, and thy # •«*■ ■ I 39 ] the Coaft of Labrador, where I have been, and have heard the Argument for and agalnft thefe unqualified Governors, and kQxi the fad Effcdts of the Want of a proper Governor at thofe refpedjive Places, at ^lebec efpccially ; where, as well Ls at Montreal, the Military Gen- try have lojig reigned with martial Haitgh-- tincfs over the Trading People fettled there, to the great Interruption of Trade, and the great Difappointment of the Go- vernment of the Mother Country, who would otherwife have been able to have raifed confiderable Duties to defray the Expence of Government, had Trade been more fuccefsful thro' proper Encou- ragement j and to which the Inhabitants would, in that Cafe, have been verv agreeable : But jiow they have it not in their Pov/er, thro' the Difcouragement they have met witli, {o that t'nl Duties now raifed are unreafonablc and burthcn- fome, and being unprcportioncd, they are really opprcirive. Thefe are vifibly ■tlie , [ 4° I the (ad Effedls of an unqualified Govcr-* nor, who thinks the beft, nay, the only way, tofiipport his Intereft, is to advilb the Miniltry to raife Duties, without confidering whether the Nature of the Trade will bear them. Hc'vever, as llich Meafures, as well as the unwarrant- able Condud of the Gcnerah the Com- modore, and the Captain^ has (I am told) been laid before the Government in Etjz- land, with every grievous Circumflance, I lliall fay little upon that Subjed at pre- fentj as I hope* for the Sake of my Trading Countrymen, fettled in thofe Parts, and for the Interefl of the Britifi Nation, (which is blended with that of the Colonies) that proper Notice will he taken of the many and the juft Com- plaints wh'ch they have made. And I have the greater Rcafon to think that JuQice v/lll be done to the Sufl'jrcrs by the Briti'b Laws (to the Advantape of Vvhich tbfv are equally entitled with us) becjufc Mr. Murray, and Mr. Chrif- tk _^_^*f^. I) of he l •At Iby oV ith 'I/' [ 4' i iie have been fcnt for to give an Account of their Condudt; which ought to be inadc the fabje<5l of a very ftridt Enquiry. For my own part, I am ever ready to do as 1 would h^ done by,* and therefore, I Ihall mention the aforefaid Gentlemen with as much Tendernefs, in Regard to their Reputation, as I think the Nature of their Cafe will admit of. But, I fliall not pay them a Compliment at the Ex- pcncc of Tnu'/j and Jujlice both to my Fellow Subjects and the State, for when Trade, which is the very Marrow, the very Soul of this n^anufar turing Nation, and confequently the Strength of it, when that is trampled under Foot to gratify the Views of particular Perfons, the State itfdlf fuffers by the Confequences I have all the Refpedl imaginable for the ;;wr/w/ Capacity of Mr. Murray^ and dobdicve he would make a good Second in a military Commandi I do not place him at the Head, becaufe, I think, the General is of too ivanji a Tempet td F judge- \ \ I w ilVil|i.i liJIllip^ij iwi'f ■•■■■l A Ui»I,»l [ 42 ] judge, with all that Coolnefs and Pru- dence which is required upon a ferious Occafion. I fay again, I give my Opi- nion with a dae Refped to that Gentle- man's military Merit, of which I acknow- ledge myfelf not to be a thorough judge, and that I have not a Right to judge of it. But I fliall beg leave to infill upon Mr. Murray' s Infufficiency as Govenio,' of ^ebiXy becaufe, (tho' he may be a Man of Underftanding,) he does not know how ^o niake that valuable Trade advantageous either to the Colony or the Mother Coun- try. Yet, { do not blame him, for ac- cepting of an honourable and lucrative Employment, the blame reds with tliofe who were fo little Friends to this Nation as to procure a 7nilita'-y Man to the Go- vernment of an infant Colony, which is to thrive by the Means of Trade and Com- merce alone. I ivifh, with a great Deal of Good-will and Fellow-feeling, that Mr. Murray may be able to jufiify the Condudi of h's Go- vernment, r i [ 43 ] vernment, and get another Employment adapled 10 his Abilities and Merit; but, that he may never more return as Govern- or to ^ebeci vi'here a Man of greater Knowledge of Commerce, and the Means of makinf^ it flourifli in that Country, for the Encouragement and Satisfadlion of the Settlers, and to anfwer the good Ends of the Britifi Government, is required. A Man who has Senfe and Spirit enough to make the Wolves in public Offices, and the Ravens of the Law do the Du- ties of their refpedive Occupations v/ith becomifig Rcfpedli to the Satisfadion of that Public to which they owe their Au- thority and Support. If it fhould be laid in Juftification of Governor Murray that the Reports laid to his Charge are Malicious and ground lefjs and, as a Proof thereof, his Friends fliould refer the Public to the feveral Addrcfies from the Inhabitants of Quebec, upon his leaving tlie Country, which were imme- diately after his Departure inferred in the F 2 Ga^ 1»! '.•/J ■% 4 M 'if 1-,%. - [ 44 ] GuZctte of ^cbccj and Tome Time ago pu'o] idled in the News Papers of London \ 1 anrvvcr if the Tenor of thofe AddrelTes {hould be brouglu as Evidencf of thcgood Condudl of Governor Gemr^/MuR R a v, I do declare, and will brins: fufficient Proof that fome of thofe Addrefles were written by fyc^phnnt Tools and Dependents, and the reft procured to ferve the Purpofe of Mr. Murray when he appears to make his defence againft: the many Complaints made during the Time of his Adminiftration or Government o'i ^lekcj and that the Te- nor of thofe Addrefles is not the Sense of the Br/'/^^InhabitL^nts, as hfelf-evident from their many Complaints which have been the Occafion of the Governor's being called Home to give an Account of his Condudt. Indeed, it would be abfurd to fuppofe that the very Gentlemen who ?ire tired out by the many Compluints made of bad Adnriniilration rtiould, upon the Departure of the Governor to julUfy jiimfslf againft thofe Complaints, be k) [ 45 1 inconfident as to give public Teftimony of his upright and judicious Condu MliU.ii)i,JKII |i|ipffiffn;^i^^]r I I' tf( <( « , 1 [ 6= ] " lony, it being mod certain, that a/i *' the Duties fayabk to the French •* King before the Conqueji and CeJJiont are now due and payable tOt and in*- vejied in his Maje/iyy by Bight of Con^ qiiefty at common Law" Whether Duties levied by the French King, (who governs his People by his own abfolute Will) whilft the Co- lony of §luebec was under his Dominion, defcends by Right of Conquefly to any one Part of the Britijh Legiflature, and be- comes a juji Reafon for raifing the faid Duties, I will not venture to declare ; chufing to l^ave that Point for abler Heads to determine ; though it does not require extraordinary Penetration to de- termine whether the Meafures of an Arbitrary Monarch ought to be laid down as a Rule of Condud for a free Conftitution. Or whether the Rights of an abfolute State become, by Con- queft, the Right of any one Branch of the Britifi Legillature ? As her Laws arc W H' >j> [ 6i I made with a View to the common Inte- reft, the Meafurcs taken in confequencc thereof, are for the common Concern, and the Advantage arifmg from fuch Meafures, are moft certainly for the Benefit of the Whole ; therefore they ought, of courfc, to be made conducive (as much as poffible) to the Happinefs of all parts concerned therein, according as it may appear fit in the Eyes of the Lcgiflature, from the Situation and Na- ture of Things. From whence it would appear to the Bulk of the Community, that Meafures are taken in Proportion as Things arc fitted and adapted for the Benefit of all in common^ and not becaufc the Meafure had been adapted by an ab- folute Prince, and without, perhaps, confidering how far it was prudent, from the real State and Nature of Things, to take fuch a Step. I will not pretend to fay how far I am right in Regard to this Matter, but methinks it more confiflent with the Britijld Conftitution to argue after ' ■ I wm Mil wT< -p--^ )1 I '.r ■i sr \ I I [ 62 ] this Manner, than to produce the Exam- ple of an Arbitrary Power as a Rule of Condud for z-free Conftitution. The Trade oiCanadat before the Duties were laid, was in a bad Situation ; and fince thofe Duties have been impofed, it is in a deplorable one. Overloaded with Imports, and few Articles for Exports, to make Returns; no Paper Bufmefs, or other Refources ; muft ne- ceffarily make a bad Trade, The Brandy Trade, which was a very confiderable Import £xom.England (very advantage- ous to the Mother Country) is ruined by an injudicious unproportioned Duty upon it ; and to make the Matter worfe, a fmaller Duty in Proportion, is laid on American Rum, which enables the Colo- nifts to fend it to ^ebec, and as they fell it cheaper than Britifi Brandy, they have the Preference, and ruin the Brandy Trade of England-, with this Advantage to the Americans, that they are paid in Specie, which carries all the Money out of I I t 63 ] «f Canada, and is a confiderable Difad- vantage to that Country. The moll confiderable Articles of Export are Wheat and Furs ; the latter are pur- chafed to great Difadvantage of the In- habitants, inpayment of Imports fold to them : Becaufe, as they are fenfiblc that the Merchants (for Want of other Refources) muft have thofe Articles to make their Returns to Englandy the Ca- nadians take the Advantage and make the Mercliants pay a greater Price than they can afford to give; this being a Cafe of Neceffity, the Merchant is ob- liged to fubmit, and make the bell: of a bad Bargain of Furs. And there is -no doubt but the fame will happen in re- gard to Wheat, whenever it is much wanted. There is this further Difad- vantage to the Canadian Trade, befides the Lofs of their FiHiery on the Coaft of Labrador, there is great Reafon for them to apprehend the total Lofs of the Fur Trade in Cancdi: ; which, it is fup- pofcd, P >-*» ■n r P3" ' t 'V * t 64 ] pored, will be carried thro* another Channel, to humour Sir JVilliam Johnfon% and which, if carried into Execution, will fini(h the Ruin of the Canadian Trade, which is of the utmoft Confe- quence to Great-Britain. In the Interim, may it not be fuppofed, with a great Deal of Reafon, that if fuch a Scheme fhould be put into Execution, in confe- quence of Sir Williavis Solicitation, a greater Regard will be had to the con- iiderable Poffeflions and Advantage of that Gentleman, than to the Intereft and Wcl^re of the Britijh Nation ? Having now done with the Canadian Trade and Government, I beg leave toob- ferve further that what I have remarked touching the wrong Meafure of making military- and naval Officers Governors in Canada, 6cc. holds equally good in regard to all other commercial Places. And to give further Proof thereof, One need on- ly expofe to Public View and impartial Conlideration the Conduift of another Nor- -*■ / tl I [ 65 ] Northern Hero, Governor 'Johnjlonc of Wefl Florida. A Man who, (one would think,) has Jabour'd very hard to bring upon himfelfthe Odium of every Perfon belonging to his Government i and upon his Promoters the Cenfure of the Public for making fuch a Choice. Inftcad of gaining the Love and ruling the Affec- tions of the People belonging to his Government (with a View to their gene- ral Happinefs and to anfwer the good Purpofes of the 5r/V^ Nation) he feems to have made it his wIioIcStudy to difligree with every One of thofewhom he was ne- celTarily connected with; to thwart their Endeavours, and frultrate every good De- lign for the common Intereft, and Benefit of the State. By which extraor- dinary Behaviour (almoft paft Belief) in- flead of gaining Love he has incurred the Ill-will and Contempt of every One, and fully brought about the Predidion of our patriotic North Briton j who foretold the bad Confequences which would arife from I ap- ^^itmm mm*' .^1 ^tp^wwr" ■«jiii.iii* i^p h fS' } h iV [ 66 ] appointing this very unqualifiej Man to the G'jveinmcnt of a commercial People, I have ahe .dy obferved that it is abfo-' lutely ncLcflary for the Governor of a tra- ding, free and fpirited People, to be a Man of Abilities, great Experience in commercial Affairs, and one who has Temper. That is. One who has not great Paflions, or who has the Government of them; for if a Man cannot fubdue his Qwn Paflions and keep them concealed, it is impoflible for him to have fo great a Command over himfelf as to govern other People by the Rules of Reafon and Laws of Eq«jity, from which none ought to de- viate in the leaf], in the Adminiflratioii of Juflice, or in the impartial Diflributi- on of Benefits to a trading People, who are entitled to equal Prote(^ion, equal Advantages, by their Conftitution, or Na- ture of Govern menti which, not the Le- giUature itfelf has ajufl: Right or Title to to deprive them of: much lefs a Governor, V/ho is a mere Servant of the Le^illature, and ii -^^-*.-^- [ 6; 1 And appointed for the Service of the Public to fuperintend and fee the Regulations of* the Legiflature properly executed. . Now were I to afk even the very Friends of Governor Geniral Murray, Governof Admiral P a t l i s e R and Governor Cap- tain Johnstone, whether either of therti have any juft Pretenfions to the aforefaid Qualifications, namely. Abilities, Expe- rience of commercial Affairs^ a fuitable ^emf^r, or the Government and Com- mand over their Paffionsj fo as to fee Things in a true Light and judge of them with y/r/J? Impartiality for the common Good, I dare fay they would unanimoufly with one Voicej anfwer i* the Negative* Not but they would be glad to draw a Veil over the Imperfedions of their Friends and reprefent them in a more amiable Light to the World, but becaufe the con- trary is fo very manifeft to the Public that their Teftimony would only oppofeobvious Truth, and almoft palpable Evidence* It being well known that thefe Othcers are I a not ■ 'i^m' ^^vm^ 1 1:' I J [ 68 ] not polVclled of any of thefc principal and moft necciTary Qualifications. By Nature extremely warm, with ftrong Paf- fions, (which they do not endeavour to command or govern) and by Profeffton arbitrary; how is it pofTible that either thefe Gentlemen or any other military or naval Officers fliould be duly qualified to govern a free commercial People, accord- ing to the mild Laws of their Conftitutl- on and the good Policy of a trading Na- tion? No. the contrary muft necelTari- ly happen. And we have the Misfortune to experience it at this Time, But it is hoped, that the prefent Miniftry will foon find a Remedy for fo great an Evil : And by removing the Caufe, prevent the fad Effeds in Fuiurf There is no Doubt but fo great an Objedl will be duly and timely attended to, but if it {hould be negledcd by our Miniftry, and unquali- , fii;d martial '^w^ na'val Officers continue to govern a commercial People, inftead of proving theinfclves Friends, they will fliew tliCm- III t 69 J thcmfclves Enemies to their Country, and bring upon them tlic Odium of the PL'blic, in^ead of gaining the Approbati- on of the State, and the Love andAffoEtim ens of their Fellow Subjcds. / I am. A Friend to Trade, A n Enemy to arbitrary oppreffi ve Meafurce, and confequently An unfarnfeJEt\g\iQ\m2n* ■' •'W'-T^^ •^■y-rT^''^W* w . i ir It I ft > I* Ik T Bosh Printed for J. lyUliamSi at No. 3?, next if)& Mitre Taverriy tn Fleet-Street. H E Conaught Wife, a Comt»iy of twt> _ A<5ts, price is. 2. The She Gallajits, a Comedy of two A