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A Social Statute -TO- MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY A CODE OF PRACTICABLE LEGISLATJON TO PROMOTE TRUE CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD, 1 ■J 'I y H - 4l -BY- CALEB PLATT SIMPSON, BARRISTERAT.LAW. STUDY— AMEND— PERFECT-^ADMINISTER. ** There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all argument, and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance. This principle is contempt prior TO EXAMINATION."-/?/'. Palcy, PRICE, TWENTVFIVE CENTS. london, ont. Heal and Fleming, Printbbs. 1895. ^ ^ ^ THE PROBLEM SOLVED. A Social Statute "TO- MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. A CODE OF PRACTICABLE LEGISLATION TO PROMOTE TRUE CHRISTIAN BROTHERHOOD, •BY- CALEB PLATT SIMPSON, BARRISTER.AT LAW. STUDY— AMEND— PERFECT— ADMINISTER. london, ont. Heal and Fleming, Printers. 1895. [Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year of our Lord, \S95, by Caleb Piatt Simpson, at the Department of Agriculture.] i PREFACE, Some write to make money by amusing the crow^ ; seme to please their own fancy; some to obtain notoriety ; some to instruct in some science ; and some to PJ«'"ote the general weal. Of the last class is, perhai)a to a «ertaia degree, the writer of this little production. Whoever will, without disturbing the present channels of business, or wronging those engaged in them, or tax one part of the community for the benefit of the other part, discover and declare that system of industrial laws and code which will make every man, woman and child happy and contented by preventing poverty from producing want, idleness, drunkenness, 'misery, vice and despair ; which will aid the helpless, open the way for those out of work to be employed, and properly educate all, without permitting any exceptions, in all that concerns the best interests of every one individually, and the State as a whole, namely, in Bible knowledge, the duty and service we owe to our God, our Queen, our country, and to each other, will indeed be a benefactor of his race. Failing to provide an effectual remedy, the writer will feel that he has not written in vain, if the contents of this pamphlet induce others to enter into the same field of epeculation, and, by their productions, show how to cure present social ills, and prevent others from arising to afUict humanity. The mode followed in this work is peculiar. Ic produces the Act of Parliament itaelf, which is intended to eflfect the cure. With some modification, this Act can be adapted to countries where municipal institutions, as we have them in Canada, do not exist. It is submitted that law is the only practical way that can be devised to cure our social ills ; and, it is hoped, that all other writers upon the subject will pursue a similar course, and not content themselves with simply formulating objections to this Act, or its sufficiency, as herein set forth, but furnish the public with their own proposed Acts of Parliamknt to effect the same objects; then, by selecting the best part of each, the end may be attained. CALEB P. SIMPSON. London, Ont., September Ist, 1895. —*.mm ANALYSIS. Act to be called "Tub Sui-plkmentahy Mumcipal Institutions' Act." It establishes Township, County, Town and City Social Councils, to be composed of the present councillors, with an equal number of female councillors of equal rank ; provides for a Dominion, or Provincial Department (or both) of Trades and Industries— P:iection of Female Social Councillors— Organization of Social Councils— Appointment of Committees— Labo.- Staffs— Houses of Trades and Industries for Voluntary Workers, Apprentices and Affiliated Workers— Houses for Compulsory Labor— Social Funds— Compensation— Employment— The Help, less Sick—Houses for the Helpless Sick and Incurable— Care of, in his own home— A Home for everyone, as Owner— Debtors and Creditors— Mortgagors- Immigration— Free Farms for everyone, after being duly (Qualified— Prayers for Opening and Closing Meetings— The Bible a Text-Book -Orders of Business. iF*j^Fm^ II. Supplementary to Part I. Constitution of Voluntary Associations of Trades and Industries on lines similar to those laid down in the foregoing Act- Duties of Officers and Committees— Salaries— Houses of Trades and Industries, etc. — Conclusion. I A SOCIAL STATUTE MITIGATE THE EVILS OT POVERTY, d-LA-l'VE^Fi. I. An Act to Mitigate the Evils of Pov entitled the Supplementary > \ er Majesty, liy and with the advice and coi.^ent of the Senate and House of Com- mons [in a Provincial Act — consent of the Legislative Asaeml)ly of^^thc Province of Ou' tario], enacts as follows : W hereas, it is expedient to mitigate, as far as possible, the evils of poverty. [This Act sbair he cited as the Supple- mentary Municipal Institutions' Act.] I. It is hereby declared that, for tiiat pur- pose, there shau be established a Department of Trades and Industries under the direction and management of the Minister thtr'^of, who shall be a Minister of the Crown, and a member of the Privy Council, n!.., INTIilil'HETATIOX. II. For the purposes J this Act the words " greaterjmunicipality," and "great- er council " shall mean the social department of the County Council, sitting as a social council; and the words "lesser munici- pality" and "lesser council" shall mean the social department of any lesser munici- pality or ward than a county, or city, or J. i-J X i-U- 4-,. ".-.'^ if" I.UWU j scpaiai/CU ^iiuiii LUC cuimiy, aiiu ila council sitting as a social council. The word •1 Provincial Act add, "And ►^stitutions' Act. "J "ct,. all include the word "city" where appnoalle. III. The male members of the Social County, City, Town, Township and Ward Councils, respectively, shall be^those who compose, from tixe to time, the respective councils under the Municipal Institutions' Act, subject to such amendments thereof as may be hereafter made. IV. The female members of the Social County, City, Town, Township and Ward Councils shall be of the age of twenty-one j'ears and upwards, be able to read and write, and shall possess a good moral char- acter. No property ((ualification shall be required, nor shall marriage be a disability. V. Conviction for immorality, dishonesty or any felony or misdemeanor shall, if so decided by a majority of the male and fe- male members of the council, disqualify a male or female member thereof respectively from sitting or holding any ofhce therein during the pleasure of the council, and their places m{'.,y be filled by a new election or I appointment, as may be required. ■^ *«-e JVtrPt. ^w /*. tu . AN ACT TO MITKiATK THK EVILS OF TOVKHTY. '''. All momhors of thn Hevorat nouncili, and ofticerfl thereof, fihall, liofoic taking their soutu, (|uulify Ity taking and ditltacrih- ing to the Oath of Ollioe and f no Oath of AUo^iimfo to the Sovon^ij^n, iu writing, which outha hIiiiII Iki lihid witli th<> olorU, and be co|)icd in the Minute Hook of the Oounoil'a proeecdin<4a under the oUicitU seal of the couneil. C0MI'KNSATI«»H. VII. The Slime amount of compensation eiuill he made to all female olTieerH and mem- hers of all the social councils, ami persona employed by tiiem, us may bo mad;), from time to lime, to the moml.>ors of the rcHpcot* ivu Municipal (Jouncila for similar ber vices, and without distinction on account of hex, and to all ollicom and membjrs of commit- tees', and all employees, as the cjuncil may determine. ELKCTION OV FKMALK BtK!lAL OOUNrrTJ.OKS. VIII. The election of the same number of f'jmile !i(!oves, Deputy Reever. and Conn- cillor.s an there are such male ollioer.s, sluUl take place at the municipal elections. No persons siiall vote at .such elections but wo- men, who must be of the full ago of twenty one years, and hiy able to read and write. No property (jualiticaticn .sliall be rec^uired. The election shall be by hallot. OR(iANJ/,ATI(1N. IX. The Department shall be the Ho^ -^ of the (ireater anci Lessev Councils hereinafter mentioned. X. It shall manage and control t!ie Do- nion [Provincial] Houses of Trailes and In- dustries, and of Compulsory Tnibor con- nected therewith, as hereinafter mentioned. XI. It shall be the final Court of Appeal from the decisions of the Greater Councils, unless it consents to an appeal to the Gov- ernor- [Lieutenant-Governor] in-Couneil. XII. It shall have jurisdiction over the expropriation, purchasing, and leasing of all lands and premises in connection with the- two Houses mentioned in .Section X ; and of all other matters not herein otherwise provided for, and wiiich it may deem neces- sary tor the carrying out of the objeots of this Act; with power to make rules and regulations for the government of the (ireater and Lesser Counciln • and to con* firm, amend, or disallow, those that may, from time to time, be made rcspocUvely by them. XIII. There shall be an appeal hots the decisions and orders of the Drtpartment to the [Lieutenant]* !ovorni)r-iu-(!ouncil, where the Miiiister of the Department, or the [Lieutenant] Govornorin-Couucil reapeot* ivcly, give their consent. X I V. There shall also he created, In the manii'T hereinafter proscribed, County, Towns]iip,Ward or Section, and ('ity, Socirl Councils, to be ors, each sci' )\vn chairman !parately,wiLh i and fommit- ledieat for the isions of this oitice for one lei.r succeasors and mend)ers 3ence, neglect, retion of the the Dominion ed by the Do- ;aflF, under the ( direction and control of the Minister of the Department of Trades and InduHtriou, and the Hooial at'airs of every nit.atcr or lesstir municipality shall be administered by their respective social tnuni('i|)al (louncillorf, as HpecUicd in this Act, with the aasistanco of »\ioh piTsouB lUid f>v.ain»ittee» aa they ehall appoint. ' •THE «BEAT«« CorNCH., XVII. The Greater ("Jouncil shall have full power to pass by laws ...id resolutions ; employ ansistants ; expropriate and purchase lands ; fix the price thereof ; erect buildinj^s on premises ; execute leases ; obtain sup- plies, .idminister discipline, decide finally all its own (piestions of finance ; discipline ; purchasing, expropriation and leasing of lauds ; amount of assosament for the cou.' y 80(;ial fund ; admission and disciharge of workers, and apprentices; regulation and op[nopriution of their wa^es and earnings ; levying of tinea for breaches of discipline, or damage to person or property in connection with the social department ; and do and di- rect to be done, all things they may doem expedient or necessary in the management of he social department of the county and of the several municipalities therein, not separated municipally therefrom. XVIII. The of this Act. It shall receive and , take action upon tlie reports of their oUicers and of the lesser councils ; hear and decide upon all petitions, complaints, applications and appeals from the decisions of subordi- nate oiiicers and lesser councils ; decide upon the purchasing, expropriating or leas- ing of any lands and premiaes they may deem necessary for social work or for homes; and the purchase of lots and farms, and of mortgages and other liens thereon, and other securitiei? for debts owed by workers and applicants for entry into the social com- munity of tho county ; make advances and tak.' secuiitiaa therefor, .uul pay ofVand re- lease, as they may deem proper, such lauds and their owners from all such liens, and from all claims that may be imjmscd by tins Act ; direct in what manner the labois of all or any worker, atli bated worker, or ai>pren- tico shall be directed, and tho products, if any, be expended ; with power to order that such labor snail be done on any public or private job, or property, or farm secured for social work ; give directions to lesser councils and subord-nates ; appoint coin- nuttees ; make ri. <-, u'l finally do order and direct every Other m such powers as such council may, by by-law or resolution, from time to time confer upon such executive committee. THK I.KHSER OODNOIt, XX. The Lesser Council, or its executive and visiting conunittess shall meet weekly, as said council may direct. It shall open with prayer, and go carefully through the Order of lUisineas, and close with prater, as contained in Appendices U and C of this Act. XXI. The secretary of each of the p.bove committees shall have a book in which shall be recorded, in alphabetical order, the name of every man, wwrnan and child living w'ith- in the lesser municipality, ward or section represented by the counci' All strangers intending to remain over forty-eight hours within such municipality, ward or section, shall report his or her name, age, oc upa- tion. nationality, last place of residence, and also his or her present residence in the municipality or ward, with his object in I ^T mi 'IWiiili 8 AN ACT TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. ! I 11 i coming; and also the names, ages, etc., of all persons in his family or household, who have come with him, or intend to follow him, to the clerk of sucli municipality or ward, who shall have a book of triplicate blanks for that purpose, one of wliich he shall retain, and shall forthwith communi- cate the information to the secretaries of tiie above mentioned executive and visitin<' committees of such lesser council, wlio shall enter the same in alphabetical order in their proper books of reference, and upon their respective rolls for the council ; and one he shall fill up, sign and seal with the stamp of his office, and give to the person registering as his voucher thereof, who shall produce the same to be read by any police officer or constable demanding the same ; and, in fail- ure thereof he shall be lial)lc to In; arrested by him and held until he shall give a satis- factory account of himself to any police magistrate or justice of the peace, and duly report himself to the clerk of the munici- pality, cj aforesaid. XXII. There shall be two visitin<' com- mittees, one composed only of males and the other of females, whose secretaries shall be paid by the lesser council of the munici- pality or ward in which they officiate. XXIII. The secretaries of all committees or their agents, shall attend every meeting of the executive and visiting connnittees, and the meetings of the lesser council, make all necessary reports, and carry out their respective instructions. XXIV. The meetings of all the councils, as social councils, and of all their executive and visiting committees, shall be public, and opened and closed with T)rayer, and shall be governed by the usual parliamentary rules and usages respecting motions and de- bates. Any meeting may be made private by a majority vote of the members present. XXV. The minutes of the last meeting, if not previously so dealt with, shall be read, corrected if necessary, and confirmed. XXVI. All communications, applications, petitions and reports shall be read, and necessary action be taken thereon. XX V ll. The roll of the names of all per- sons then ) jing in the municipality, ward or section represented by the meeting, shall be called. Such roll may, for the despatch of business, be subdivi.led into sections, and each section may be gone over before a mh- committee, or persons specially appointed for that purpose at such meeting, or by a resolution of the lesser council. XXVIII. The Order of Business in Ap- pendices A and B shall be followed by the respective councils and their executive and visiting committees. XXIX. Tlie condition and comfort of every person in the municipality shall be reported and, where necessary, proper as- sistance shall be given, either by finding employment, or supplying necessaries. In cases of sickness, watchers shall be detailed and physicians engaged, if necessary, to whom com pens; ion may be awarded by the lesser council. XX> . Cases of necessitous, sick or dis- ablcd persons, may be reported lo the lesser council, who shall be maintained by it, or sent to the Home for the Helpless, 8ick 'and IiKJurable hereinafter mentioned, for proper care. X\\l. All persons receiving assistance from the lesser or greater council, shall be compellable, in the discretion of suoh greater council, to pay for the same, and, if neces- sary for that purpose, such greater council may compel them to enter into the House of Trades and Industries ; or may make them become affiliated workers thereof, sub- ject to ah the rules and regulations of such House, until sufficient compensation has been made, and all interim maintenance paid for by their labor. XXXII. Lesser Councils and all commit tees thereof, shall make quarterly returns on blank- to be supplied to them for that ( 1 ^. AN ACT TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. 9 tis, applications, be read, and ereon. ames of all per- iicipality, ward ) meeting, shall )r the despatch to sections, and !r before a anb- ially appointed Beting, or by a il. Liainess in Ap- :)llowed by the executive and d comfort of pality shall be ry, proper as- ler by finding ecesaaries. In all be detailed necessary, to warded by the 1, sick or dis- d to the lesser ined by it, or >les8, Sick and ed, for proper ing assistance imcil, shall be •f such greater and, if neces- reater council to the House r may make 3 thereof, sub- itions of such ensation has maintenance I all commit ■terly returns hem for that purpose, to the greater council, and also special returns, whenever they are required by the greater council, or its executive com- mittee. LKSSKR COUNCIL FUNDS. XXXIII. The lesser council may fix an annual rate for the Local Social Fund, which shall be levied and paid to the treasurer of the lesser municipality, or ward, for the maintenance of social work, subject to the control of the lesser council. Moneys col- lected by either House of Labor for main- tenance and charges disbursed by the lesser council, or their committee, shall be repaid by the county treasurer to the local treasurer out of the County Social Fund. HOUSES OF TRADKS AND INDUSTRIJiS. XXXIV. There shall be provided in suit- able places in the Dominion [Province], and in such cities and counties, as may bo. deemed necessary by the Minister of Trade and Industries, and the Gi cater Councils, re- spectively, suitable buildings, farms, yards and premises for workshops, oiiices, cham- bers and out-door work, with residences and lodging apartments, where free employment and a home may be furnished to all persons who may be out of work, and have no home or place of residence, and no means of sup- port, where employment and instruction in agriculture, any mechanical art or science, or in any trade or profession, may be given, and an agricultural class be educated, to be subsequently located upon free farms, as owners thereof. XXXV. These shops and premises shall be called, respectively. The Dominion [Pro- vincial] House of Trades and Industries of the of , or the House of Trades and Industries of the County, or United Counties, or City of , as the case may be. Any two or more counties may be combined for this purpose. THE LABOR STAFF. XXXVI. There shall be a staif of officers called the Labor Staff, who shall be ap- pointed by the Governor-ili-Council for the Dominion of Canada, and by the Lieutenant- (iovernorin-Council for each Province thereof, and by the greater council of each county thereof, as occasion may require, who shall be removable at pleas- ure, or on cause shown, if demanded by the person to be dismissed, who shall superintend the work of maintain- ing discipline, and perform all the duties of a committee of management, superintend and direct the furnishing all kinds of sup- plies, such as tools, machinery, agricultural implements, manufacturing plants, fuel, food, clothing, and materials for the various industries. XXXVII. They ehall find the markets and manage the sales of the products of the shops, chambers, gardens, and farms, in- cluding grain and stock ; administer disci- pline for breaches of the rules of the house, try, and if necessary, expel all persons proving lazy, or refractory, or doing any damage ; or they may arrest and deliver such pei'sons to the keeper of the House of Compulsory Labor hereinafter mentioned, or to the criminal authorities for trial and punishment, and may do all other duties necessary to the proper carrying on of the affairs of such House. XXXVIII. The officers of the Dominion [Provincial] Labor Staff shall make weekly reports to the Minister of the Department of Trades and Industries, and those of the county staff shall make weekly reports to the warden or chief officer of the county, or of each county, in case of an union of coun- ties, or to the mayor of the city concerned, of all oases of discipline, with the name and punishment adjudged or inflicted, or other disposal thereof, and also quarterly reports of all food, fuel, materials and other sup- plies procured ; and of all receipts and sales of the products of the Houses of Trades and Industries and Compulsory Labor ; also of all goods, grain, farm stock, J,f arm ^ pro- ducts and other material for sale ; and of all moneys earned, punishments inflicted, persona reo^ved and departed, hospital re- //!( 10 AN ACT TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. lief, and any other information the said Minister, Warden, Mayor or other chief officer, may call for. XXXIX. All salaries and other compen- sation to any officer, councilman, assistant, or employee of the greater or lesser councils, shall be regulated by by-laws passed by said respective councils. Every office and place under the greater and lesser councils shall be filled by such respective councils. VOLUNTARY WORKERS AND AVPRENTICKS. XL. Any person, being out of M'ork, or desirous of learning any trade, calling, or profession, or whose parents or guardians, in case of minors, cannot give sufficient edu- cation ; or who has no means of support ; vr is leading an idle, shiftless, or immoral life, and whom the lesser council may deem proper to be taught some trade, calling, or profession, or any shop, office, farm, garden or household work, may, by it be admitted to. and compelled to enter, the House of Trades and Industries, on application by petition by such person, or liy any person interested, or by any three justices of the peace of the county, or by any chief of police, with the consent of a police magis- trate, to the lesser council within whose municipality such person is found or resides, who may, in their discretion, grant the prayer of such petition, or application, and recommend to the greater council the ad- midsion of such person, and the terms and conditions thereof as to trade or calling, time, and whatever else they may deem ad- visable ; or they may make their report to the executive committee thereof, if such council is not then in session, who may order his or her immediate admission, subject, however, to the action of such greater coun- cil upon any decision of its executive com- mittee, or of the lesser council, and an appeal to the Provincial and thence to the Dominion Department, if any, the decision of any last appeal shall be final. XLI. Every adult, and minor over four- teen years of age, shall, for himself and herself, upon entering the House, sign with the parents and guardians, if any, an agree- ment embodying the terms and conditions of such entry, agreeing to observe the 8ame» and tiie rules and orders of the House, the labor staff, the instructors, and all others '.laving the proper charge of their labors and demeanor. AKFIMATEU WORKERS, XLII. It shall not be necessary for any worker to actually leside or work in the House, or on the premises, in order to par- ticijjate in its protection and benefits, but he or she may make application to the chair- man of the male or female executive com- mittee of the greater council, to be entered upon its roll, and be furnished with food, clothing, fuel, nriter ials to be worked up, medicines, attendance, if sick or helpless, and other necessaries at his or her house, rooms, lodging, or other conv enient place ; and such person shall and may do his or her work at such place, or other convenient place, as the committee may direct. All work, when finished, shall be taken or re- ported to the manager of the sales-room, or other appointed place in the House, for valuation and saie for the benefit of the worker, in the same maaner as if such worker were an actual inmate of the House. XLIII. All such workers shall be denomi- nated " Affiliated Workers " of the House of Trades and Industries of the Dominion of Canada, or the Province of Ontario, or of the County, or United Counties, or City of , as the case may be, and shall be furnished with certifieates thereof ; and no person shall buy or receive any work, food, fuel, materials, or other supplies, which have been furnished to them as such workers, their possession whereof shall be prima facie evidence of such having been so furnished, under the penalty of be- ing guilty of larceny by both the giver and the receiver, and the forfeiture of the certi- ficate of being such affiliated worker ; and upon conviction both shall be liable to be committed to the House of CompuUory Iriibor, hereinafter meDiioned, to work uotU •I ■ V. f any, an agree- and conditions (Serve the 8ame» the House, the and all others jhe'iv labors and KKS, jessary for any >r work in the n order to par- d benefits, but on to the chair- executive com- , to be entered led with food, be worked up, ;k or heljiless, or her house, * enient phice ; y do his or her er convenient y direct. All 3 taken or re- sales-room, or le House, tot benefit of the 3r as if Buch of the House, all be denomt- of the House the Dominion ►f Ontario, or Counties, or ise may be, h certifieates !>uy or receive ials, or other lished to them Bsion whereof f such having >enaUy of be- the giver and ) of the certi- worker; and 9 liable to be Compulsory to work uDtil AN AC*r TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. 11 they shall have repaid the Dominion, Pro- vince, county or city, as the case may be, for the work, food, fuel, materials, or other supplies, so wrongfully taken, together with the cost of their arrest, trial, and other ex- penses, and of their maintenance in such House during the period of their respective confinements. XLIV. Kacli worker and apprentice shall have his or her work and materials used valued daily, and the amount shall be set opposite CO his or her name on the Workers' Roll, and in his or her worker's private pass- book, and be also entered to their credit in the Worker's Ledger, They shall also be debited, on the pass-book, roll and ledger for the necessaries supplied and chargeable for their maintenance, and the maintenance of their families, if any, and for all materials furnished them to be worked up ; and be credited for all materials returned, whether worked up or not. XLV. After deducting what^ is charged against him or her, less the amount of the unwrought materials on hand, the balance shall stand to his or her credit as a deposit at four per cent, per annum interest ; or it may be paid over to him or her as the chief of the labor stalT may elect. XLVI. The prices of the articles and produi;'' of the House shall be regulated by the current market prices outside. There shall never be any farming of the worker's labors. XLVII. No person shall strike or refuse to work under the penalty of forfeiture of one month's average pay, and liability for all damages and loss resulting therefrom ; and every such person may be committed by the executive committee of the Dominion or Provincial House, or the greater council, as the case may be, to the House of Com- pulsory Labor for a definite period, or until he or she is willing to return to work in the House of Trades and Industries, or is per- mitted to work at large, as may be ordered or required by the Labor Stati", subject to appeal to the proper Minister of Trades and Industries, or the executive committee of the greater council, as the case may be, COiMrULSORY LABOR, XLVIII. There shall be attached to, or connected with, every House of Trades and Industries suitable buildings, yards, lota and premises for the confinement and em- ployment of persons sentenced to perform forced labor. These buildings, yards, lots and premises shall be denominated "The House of Compulsory Labor of the Do- minion of (!anada [of the Proviwce of On- tario], or of the County of , or United Counties or City of ," as the case may be. The penitentiaries and gaols may be used for this purpose in the judgment of the proper authorities thereof. XLIX. Every such House and its inmates, and all matters connected with it and them, shall be under the immediate control and management of their respective Labor Staffs, subject in all cases to an appeal to the pro- per Minister of Trades and Industries, or to the greater council of the county con- cerned, as the case may be, whose decision shall be final, unless it consents toao appeal to the said Minister. L. No person committed to the House of Compulsory Labor shall be entitled to claim any compensation for his or her work, ex- cept us hereinafter provided for. LI. In case any person has been com- mitted upon a judgment or convic- tion for any offence, such as assault where damages have been assessed; seduction, with damages assessed ; breach of promise of marriage, with damages assessed ; larceny, or destruction of, or injury to property, by fire, or otherwise, with damages assessed ; or assault, or assault and battery, with damages assessed ; or for any other action of tort or contract, in which damages have been assessed, such person or persons need not be sentenced to imprisonment at hard labor for any definite period of time ; but for such time as and until his or her labor. f// 12 _AN^^CTj;0_MITJ^^ EVJLS OF POVERTY. .'I n after defraying all expenses of arrest, con- f humm „r Tn,~^^^7^ '^ finenient, trial and otherwise, and also of | ^kwukhs, sick anu is maintenance whilst undergoing sentence, shall repay to the person or persons injured, or to tlieir legal representative, all audi' danmaies so assessed, with all oosts and ''"''^ , 'Attached to. or adiliated with, charges suffered and incurred in conse- ^ '"'^ ''^ '^^'"''^^^ ^"'^ Industries, for charges suffered and incurred in conse- quence of the commission of the ofience to- gether with the interest accrued on said damages and costs ; unless suclj injured per- s.>n, or his or her legU representative, with the consent of the (^overnor-in-Council if the conviction or judgment is under 4 statute of the Dominion ; or of the Lieu- tenant-(;overnor-in-Council, if the convic- tion or judgment be under i. Provincial statute; or for any breach of contract agree, in writing, to forego all, or aiiy par^ of the said damages and costs, i„ which case the Judge who tried the case, if still holding such office, and, if not, then any superior or county court Judge, where such person is confined, may fix a definite period of imprisonment and labor, at the expiration of which time the prisoner shall be released from further custody under aaid conviction, LII. After any person so confined has made all such payment i «,ul compensation, as aforesaid, or has received such full dia charge, and served such definite period, ht- or she shall be discharged from further custody therefor. Lllf. No person, while in such custody shall be permitted to vote at any election and any vate so given shall be null and void. I'UHAIM.E. LV. There siiall he a Home or Residence provided for the helpless, sick and i„. curable attached to. or affiliated with. LIV. The Lalwr Staffa shall have full power to make and enforce all proper rules and regulations, and lay out the work to be clone by the inmates of the two Houses of l^ree and Compulsory Labor respectively under the supervision and veto power of thJ proper Minister of Trade, and Industries or of the greater councils, as the case may be, m the absence of rules and regulations made for the same purpose*. lie care of all whom the proper Minister of 1 rades an.l Industries, or the greater coun- cil, may admit, on such terms as they may impose, and whom the county physician or nurse, with the consent of the lesser coun- cil, or whom the executive committee of the ,'--,tter council, may deem subjects for such as.sis(:anc*r. LVI. .Sucli Home or Residence may be situate anywhere in the Dominion, and may be afidiatfid with any number of Houses of J cades iuu\ Industries. LVn. All expenses incurred for main- tenance, care and attendance shall, as far as .n:iy be deemcl proper by the said Minister of Irades and Industries, or the county executive committee respectively, be de. frayed out of the produce of the labor of mm vtes as may be able to do any work • or. It a worker or apprentice of the House' out of the surplus to the credit of g»ch worker or apprentice ; but, if it be deemed inexpedient, or no balance i« due, then they shall be p.id out of the Dominion (Prov- mcial). or County Social Fund, respectively herein provided f?)r. ' LVIII All persons over sixty yeaw of age, and being too poor to obtain and own J a home, shall be entitled to have a suitable home and proper maintenance provided free during their natural lives. Thsy ahall do 8uch service, as n.,»y be required of them. MX. There shall be no tasks set, nor forced quantities of labor required in anv Hou«oof Trades and IndustL ; nor ^^y punishment for misconduct, except by i fine or expulsion, or by handing the person over to the civil or criminal authorities, or to the House of Compulsory Labor for cor- rection. and to make such compensation as th« proper Minister of Trades and In- CRTY. AN ACT TO MITIGATE THE EVILS OF POVERTY. 13 BSS, SICK AND IS- ar afHliated with, and Iiulustriea, for '■ proper Minister of r the greater coun- terms as tliey may Dunty physician or )f the leaser coun- e committee of the iJ subjects for suoh (,,ance ; sucli person shall, with the consent ■lof the said lesser council, be immediately the chairman and icurred for m»iii. ice shall, as far as the said Minister 1. or the county >ectively, bo de- G of the labor of io do any work • ice of the House, le credit of such ( if it b© deemed is due, then they Donriiitioa (Prov- iiid, .renpeutively r sixty years of obtain and own » have a suitable ce provider! free They shall do ired of them. ustries, or the greater council, or its ecutive committee, as the case may con- • Home or Residence |ern, may decide upon as a proper puniih- less, sick and in- fient or cfiu^pensation, i THK ItlOLPLESS, SICK ANI» IN Vny lot or farm owner for hnn- :eai(lence or oc- 'iated and con« that such pay* needing section I .r, and all sub- )t, shall be aHi- of Tra<^«.j and I the rules and )c made l)y the 1 thciefiom, as cil. V si Kill be per- ils suid lot. or aviny first ob- the lesser and and to all the de or mortgage hall be void. id within the to the greater littec, have hia charge \\i the ,er council, and and until re- if such greater ce of such in- ) be taken has ties interested ame terms and or mortgaged, 3 sale or niort- and alHliated nil may, upou uncil, or upon 1, his wife, or persons, who unstances, and I or objects, or ario, enter the if land inj the 3 clerk of the y ; and obtain 3upon the same shall be subject, as to .sale and mortgage, to the same condiiicms, as the lands of atliliated workers, until the greater couucd shall see fit to order said entry to be vacated as here- before provided for other lauds, and upon notice given as aforesaid. LXXIII. All orders, or a sworn copy thereof, of the greater council relating to lands may be registered or tiled in the registry oHice of their municipality, and shall be filed free of charge. The fees for searching all registrations made after the filing of such first order, sliail bo twenty- five cents, and no more. This fee includes the fee for the certificate of the registrar with the abstract of all said registrations. DKIlTdKS AM) OKEDITOKS. LXXIV. Any debtor may appiy to the lesser council of any municipality, l)y peti- tion, stating his full indebtedness, the names and adlrcss of all his creditors, his assets, and business, and his inability to pay the same, and furnishing the particulars, all being sworn to be c(>rrect as nearly as he can give them, and sucli lesser council shall thereupon, if they entertain such application favorably, report upon it to the greater council, and recommend what action they deem proper to be taken in the matter. Such greater council is empowered to sub- pd-na and exaujine witnesses on oath, and order the productioa of all books anRS. LXXIX. Any person entitled to, or Intsr- est in, lands, which are under any mortgage, execution or other claim, may apply to the lesser council o( the municipality within I / i . i I ', I 16 AN ACT TO MITIOATK THE EVILS OF POVERTY. which the encumbered lands Ho, l)y petition stating all claims against the lands, iho assessed value thereof for each year ;)f the previous five years, and showing by the afli- davits of three disinterested freeholders the actual cash value thereof, and producing, before the said lesser council, the registrar's abstract of the title thereof, and may thf-re- upon pray the said lesser council to have all the encumbrances thereon paid off out of the County Social Eund, or by money raised by mortgage thereon, under this Act, on the terms set forth in said petition; or that the petition may be dealt with in such other manner as the greater council may decide. LXXX: If the said lesser council approve of the prayer of the petition, it may report fa\''orably tliercon to the greater council for its final decision. It may also stace any terms it approves of, the amounts and times of repayment into the County Social Fund, said time not to exceed sixty years, the rate of interest to be paid, and any other terms it may see fit to recommend. LXXXI. The greater council may invcs tigate the matter, examine witnesses on oath and call for papers, and may either refuse or grant the prayer of the petition. In case of accepting the same, it may, if expedient, raise the amount required by a mortgage on the land, or it may direct the issue of de- bentures for the amount required andtimes agreed upon, pay off the debts of the peti- tioner, and register against the lands a certificate stating the amount, times of pay- ment of the instalments, rate of interest and other essential items, and also that such lands and all occupants thereof are liable, during their respective occupations, to per- form all the conditiotis of repayment, and all the rules and regulations of tlie Houses of Trades and Industries and Compulsory Labor, until the amount aforesaid and inter- est and other claims thereon shall have been fully repaid into the County Social Fund. LXXXn. In case of any default in the payments, or olwervauce of the terms and conditions, or rules and regulations of the House or Houses aforesaid, the executive committee of the greater council may, with the approval of such council, take posses- sion of said lands, and lease or sell the same, and, in case of leasing, it may compel the debtor or debtors so in default to enter the House of Trades and Industries, or House of Compulsory Labor, to assist in paying off the amount or l)alance due on said lands, and all expenses connected there- with, when, in case the lands have been leased he may again be let into possession thereof as a tenant or owner, in the discre- tion of the said committee. LX XXIII. In case of any defect arising in tlic proper working of this Act, authority is hereby vested in the [Lieutenant] (lover- nor in Csuncil to make all necessary rules and orders to remedy such defects. The holding of tlio proper meetings for the ap- pnintment of the necessary officers and committees, and all other steps may be Jio directed to he taken and made. TIIK DOMINION [PKOVINOIAL] SOClAh KirNO. IjXXXIV^. The Dominion [Provincial] Social Fund shall be voted by Parliamenl, and for such an amount as it may deem ex- pedient. TilK COUNTY SOCI.VL FUND. LXXXV. The greater council of every county shall fix the amount of money that may be ro(]uired for the current year's ordi- nary expenditure to maintain the Social Department of the County. Such amount shall be levied in the manner and at the time of levying the county rates for muni- cipal purposes, and shall be paid to the county treasurer, who shall keep separate books of account thereof, and of all pay- ments thereout. LXXXVI. The Dominion [Provincial] Minister of Trades and Industries shall order the payment of all moneys out of the Dominion [Provincial] Social Fund, and make all necessarj' rules and regulations relative thereto, and the greater councils V v. eguli'-tions of the «i, tho executive ouncil may, witli jcil, take poH8es- ease or sell the g, it may compel I default to enter 1 Induatrios, or )or, to anaiat in lialance due on connected there- anda have been into poaaeaaion Br, in the diacre- ly defect ariaing IK Act, authority ;utenant| (lovci- necoasary rnlea h defects. The :.ings for the ap- ry otficera and steps may he tio ide. SOCIAIi KUNIK ion [Provincial] by Parlianienl, it may deem ox- ouncil of every t of money that rent ^^ear's ordi- itain the Social . Such amount mer and at the rates for muni* be paid to the 1 keep separate and of all pay- on [Provincial] Industries shall )ney8 out of the ial Fund, and md regulations greater councils AN ACT TO MITKiATK THE KVILS OF POVERTY 17 .ahaU make all necessary rules and re^ula- | before being receiv ;d as immigrants, to an tions for tlie reception, nianagoment and agreement containing the terms of their be- paynuiit out, of all county a n:i,d fund!'; aid ing received and asbiated in comint; out to for tlic (|uarterly, or lialf yatly, audii ' this country; the work they shall do ; their thoreof, and for tlie proper working *)f this liability to be compelled to enter some Act, except where otherwise provided for House of Trades and Industries, if neces- Aierein. LXXXVil. The surplus earnings of all workers, . Hiliated workers, i^pprtnticcs and ■debtois, on the rolls of the<;ouiity Houses of Trades and Industries and Compuksory Labor, mortgagors, ('(piit}' iiolders of Ii^ht8 of redemption of lands, or in any way in- terested therein as tenants or otherwise, and all other workers, wiioso earnings are to be used in social work ; and the profits on all sales of the products of the said House, and of all the lands connected therewith, shall be paid into their respective County Social Funds, and be subject to the orders and noHtnd of their greater councils. IMMKJ ratio:;. LXXXVIII. There shall be constituted, in connection with the Dominion and each Provincial Department of 'i'radesand Indus- tries, an Immigration Bureau consisting of a Head Otlicer and Staff, under tiie direction and management of the Minister of Trades and Industries of the Dominion and Pro- vinces respectively. LXXXIX. It shall bo the duty of these respective statl'a to keep a close account of the demands, from tin»e to time, of the prin- cipal markets of tlie world for the products of the field, mine, forest, and manufacturing industries, in order to gauge, as nearly as possible, theae various productions in this country with snch demandi^, and thereby guard against over-production in any of them, and to regulate the number of work- ers and apprentices in each branch of such productions. XC. It shall be the duty of thesie staffs to instruct all immigration agents ; to pro- scribe rules and regulations for selecting and receiving the names of all intending settlers wlio have not sntHeient n^oupy to pay their ! expenses, and ask for aid ; assigning to each of them the trade or calling they shall fol- low in this country; obtaiii their signatures, sary to do ao, to repay the Department for all expenses of l)ringing thjjm out to thia country ; an(' also their liabdity to bo com- ' pcUed to enter the House of Compulsory Labor, if necessary, for such purpose. XCI. Each Department, and each greater council, within their respective municipali- ties, shall keep lists of all unsettled lota, whether owned by the Crown, or companies, or private individuals, with the valuation of the last two classes of property as wild lands, and as shown on the assessment rolla of the last live yetrs for the purposes of ex- propriation and settling immigrants and otiiers thereon, as fast as they are qualified to o;5cUj)y and work them under farm in- structors. XCH. That each Bureau shall select and occu])y, for short or long periods, both cul- tivfited and wild lots, as places of instruction in chopping, clearing, ploughing, sowing, manuring, and for caring for and harvesting grain, hay, roots, and other crops; and for giving instruction for and working in various kinds of minerals, and preparing the same for market. Bible instructioa shall be given to all inmates of the Houses of Tranes and Industries and CompuUory Laitor, and on eaid farms of instruction, in those chapters herein prescribed for the schools, and all Sabbath days shall be most religiously observed, and devoted to Bible reading and instruction, only works of necessity and charity being done thereon. XCIII. That as soon as any immigrant, or other worker, or any other person what- ever, become.s able to clear and cultivate liiud, or to manage a farm, and keep proper books of account thereof, there shall be given to him, or her, a certificate of fitness, whidh shall entitle him or her to make, free of charge, choice of one hundred acres of any of the then unsettled lota belonging to the Crown, or of any greater council, or of , ! I ! <■>■ 18 AN ACT TO MITJOATK THK EVILS OF T'OVKRTY. any unoccupied lands of any company, or other owner on said lists of said Bureau. 2. The Department shall thereupon erect for him, or her, a suitable house thereon, and provide proper farming implemouts, sf 3d grain and supplies for one year; and ■hall put in the deed issued to him, or hci, clauses statirur the property, and price of the land if owiied by any company or per- son, the amount of supplies and the terms of payment of interest, and for the sinking fund to be made annually, such time not to exceed sixty years. If the lands of any compuny or private person arc selected, the settler shall pay for them also in the same time and manner. The amount shall be fixed by the proper Minister, or the greater council, where one exists, luvvinj,' jurisdiction over said land. XCIV, No settler under this Act slnj,ll be permitted to sell, mortgage or exchange his or her lot, or supplies without the consent of the Department, or its agents, or the greater council ; and any person taking such supplies shall, with the giver, be guilty of larceny. XCV. In case any settler shall be in de- fault in his payments, or become improvi- dent, intemperate, lazy, or immoral, or does not properly support his family, he may be compelled to enter into the House of Trades and Industries, or work at farming on his own, or come lot oecupied or owned by any company, or person, or by the Department, Mid, if necessary, he may be re({uired to enter a House of Compulsory Labor, until he shall have repaid to the Department the cost of bringing him out, and his family, if any, to this country, in case he was so brought out; and also all charges for his and his family's maintenance while under in- struction, and the amount due for all supplies and other material, and for all oms taken of him as such settler, shall have been fully paid back to the said Department, or to the said County Social Fund. XCVI. Instructors shall visit every set- tler as c'ten as necessary, and carefully in- struct him in the mode of cultivating his farm, taking care of his stock, and assist him in keeping his accounts, Ho shall i^ive him written authority to procure any netios- sary articles of food, (ilothinj;, or implements of work, and insuring his property, build- ings and crops, the cost of all which sliall be added to tlie amount already advanced, and be repaid therewith. XCN'Il. Tiicre shall be prepared annually by the executive committees of the Dom- inion, Provincial and greater councils, care- fully prepared particulars of all supplies and other property furnished, and tlie names, nationality, age and religion of all .settlers located, which shall 1)C given, after being duly sworn to as corre. InstruetioHH to S[tecial Connnittef'H. '20. InstruotiouH to otii'-iuls on duty 21. Hearinj; complaints a>,'ain.st oIliiH-rH, etc., and workers, and appointing cdnimit- tees to investigate, or ilihpoHing thereof at once. '22 Iteailing auditors' report of treasurer's aeiJoiiiitH finiri) list nuictini,'. '..'.'I. (Irantin<,' and HJj^uiu),' wirranls atid oidirs for payments of aceounta, .salaries,, supplies, fiapitation tax to thv! (i renter and Diiminioi, Councils under the Voluntary ( 'oust itut ion. '24. Ki.\ing tiie tiniu and plaitu of next meetinir. •2.». Calling ro'l and rojeiving excusos of ahsciittTs. '2(1. Keadinj; and confirming the minutea. '27. Calling up and closing wilh pntyer. AFl'HNDIX C. Ol'KNINC fKAVER. Almighty Cod, Father of all inercie;-<, we, Thine unworthy servant's, do give Tliee most humble and hearty thanks for all Thy goodness and loviny kindness U us and to all men. We bless 'i'hee for our creation, preservation and all tins hL ssings of this life ; but above all, for Thine in- estimable love in t ho redemption of the world by our Lord .lesus CJhriht, for the means of grace and the hope of ghx;/. And we }»eseecli Thee give us that liue sense of all Thy mercies, that our i-.earls Miay be unfeignedly thankful, and that we sliow forth Thy praise, not only with our lips, but in our lives, by giving up omsc'vcs to Thy service, and by walkin£» before 'I'hee in holiness and righteouauf -; ■ ill uu "lay, through Jesus Christ our Lord, to Whom, with Thee and the Holy (Jhost, be all honor and glory, world without end. Amen. Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name, Thy kingdom come, I'liy will be done on earth as it is in heaven, give us this day our daily bread, and for- give us our trespasses as we forgive them that trespass against us, ar' lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, for Thine is tl;e kingdom, the i)owcr and the glory, for ever anil ever. Amen. «'r,OsrN(l I'KAVKU. Almighty (!od, wlio hath givci nn grace at thi.s time with one accord to make our common supplications unto Thee, and dost [ifond^e that when two or three are gathered t„'g(!ther in Thy Name, Thou wi:t grant their reipicst ; fulfil now, O Lord, the desires and i)et.itions of Thy servants as miiy b.' moisl expedient for them, granting us in this world knowhidge of Thy truth, and in the world to come life everlasting. A men. ItKNKDK^TIOV. The grace of our Lord Jesus ('hrist, and the love of (ioil, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with us all evermore. Amen. 2 t!or. LS. oiiACic i(i;im i; mkat. Smctify, O L')r(L this p'.rtion of food which Thou hast provided for the nourish- ment of our frail and dec-iying bodies to our use. 1)o Tliou feed our souls with the bread of life, and all we ask is for Jesus' sake. Amen. Note — Instead of orj^-ani/.iiHr .t sopnr.iti; ik'p irfnu;iit of Tr.iilcs .uul Iiuluslrios iimKr ;i Minister ot the Crown, as provided in sectii->ii 1. of ihf fori'j^oinK' Ao(, ttiori- could lir ;il i.hIkiI provislnn.illy lo une or more of the present Minisli-rs' dUicus ;i dcparlint'nt or liunvui i>l Tr.idi's .iiul indiislriis, and ot finniiyralion, under tlie management ot deputy ministers or conlrolK rs and liieir nspcctive staffs. 2. In place ot eiectin);;- feni.ile councillors as Social Comicillors. as pro\ii.1ed in section VIII of said Act, the powers and duties of the prciienl nuii\ic'p;d couiu-illors could he eni;ir},'eil so that they couiil do all the duties and acts, and appoint .ill the otljcers, coi.iiviltees and .issistarils, as set torlh in the fore^Ciiin^; Act, •Tnd the rights of syon-en to elect and .appoint an ei|i;al rt'presentalion on ;ill comniiuees, ;iiid as otiicers and assistants, and their powers, riyhts and duties on llieir o\m\ separ.ile visilin!,"- .and other coniinittecs, could be respectively declared. ^ II is not necessary to construct Houses iif 'IVades am' liuhistrits .-md Compulsory L.ahor heforc putting the Act into operation. For the Vt)iuntary w;'rl{, suil.ihle premises could he secured in cities, towns and rur.il distrtcts tor the various trades .and .v.. :ud"aclories. .and l.nui laiuls could be oht.-iiiud anywhere ll>r farm instruction and field and g.irden l.ihor, until special liuildinf^'-s ,uid premises could he prepared. The Salvation Anny has officers speci-ally .adapted to superintend .almost all Uinds ot industries, which are included in tlicir fields of work, and could, if it were thviuj^ht e.vpeilient, 'n utilized for the several branches of industry in the Houses and on the farms. The gaols, g.aol yards, Ceniral Prison and penitenta- ries, and ball and chain for street, yard and field work, could be utilized lor those sentenced to perform compulsory labor. CONSTITUTION OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS. 21 nrt nf tTOiisuror'n i^ u iniiiilH mid Mtlllla, HllllU'icH, llu; ( Irciittit' and I hi) Volmiliiry [ pllKO of IK^Xt ivini^ t'xciiHOS of ui^ tli(! iiiinulos. ,' Willi pniyer. the power and Atiieii. KU. give. I us f^raeo 1(1 to inak(j our Tlife, and doat lec aie gathered liou wilt ^'laiit , (J r.oi'd, tlie 'hy servants as tiieni, granting 3 of 'I'iiy truth, life everlasting. osiis ('Iirist, and Lillowsiiip of tlie all evermore. 1 KAT. pert ion of food for the nouritih- lying hodies to r aoiils with the sk is for .Icsus' .r ;i Minister ot the ;illy lo iiiio or ini>rc Inimi^ralioii, under •elion V'l 1 1 of s;iiil I tlu'v I'oulil 1.1,1 all I I lie lorei^iiin^ Act, and as offictTs and r coniinittees, cuuld Isory Lahor before ired in cilies, towns ainid anywhere for ' prepared. il industries, which zed for the several •ison and penitenta- iitenced to perform THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. 1>AUT 11.— VOIAJNTAJIV ASS()( lATIOXS. (.'(•NSTlTin'Kt.V. Whereas, until vSocial OrganizatiotiH of Trades and IndiiHlriea are rHtul)lishod hy law, it is expedient that there should be formed voluntary iiftsoeiations having the same ohjeotH in view, and to carry out the same, as far as may he praetieablo, without the aid of legal enautment. J. li ii therefore resolved by the nion and woineti hero presout, i|ualilied to vote under tlie Aot propo.sed in this matter, that there be now formed a Provisional As.Hooiation of Trades and Industries for the Dominion of (Jaiiada, and that we proceed to organi/e leaser and greater councils in and for the ('ounty, [Cityl of — —to be called the — — Social Council of Trades and Industries of the County [City] of ; and that the said Social County [City] Council ue herein- after called the (irf tlie lessci councils, payal)Io five cents on the first day of January, and iive cents on the first day of July, in every year, when the semi annual returns are made by each lesser council to the Dominion Council. POLITICS, XXIV. It shall rij^orously ignore all political issues, except those connected with the object of the Social Association; namely, the temporal and spiritual welfare of every human being in Canada. RELIGION. XXV. It shall nob propagate any peca* liar tenets of any church, that in, it shall not be sectarian, but it shall vigorously up- hold the teaching of the Bible, aa a whole book, in every school and cvcrywliere else. RKLiniOUS TEST. XXVI. There shall be no religious test but one rptjiured of every office holder, namely; belief in tlie whole Bible as th« inspired word of (jod. C'HAUITV. XXVII. Its motto shall be, "Peace on earth, good will toward men." T I * • THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. 25 a* x\\ P- >le e. At lis True Christian Brotherhood. >n PART III.—CONCLUSION. CHRIST'S BROTHERHOOD. *' We are living, we are dwelling . In a grand and awful time, In an age on ages telling — To be living is sublime. Hark ! the rumbling in the nations. Iron crumbling with the clay ; Hark ! what soundeth ? 'Tis creation Groaning for a better day. Scoffers scorning, Heaven beholding, Thou hast but an hour to fight ; See prophetic truth unfolding, Watch ! and keep thy garments white. Oh, let all the soul within you, For the truth's sake, go abroad ! Strike ! let every nerve and sinew Tell on ages — tell for God ! " I 26 THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. WHAT IS REQUIRED. The question, "What ia coming?" ia being continually asked by every man of himself and sometimes of his neighbor. We talk of the onward march of the nations, the times, and of this and the other great movement in the world, and the enquiry, "What id coming?" forces itself upon our attention whether we will or not. The multiplicity of great movements to-day is becoming be- wildering to keep track of and appreciate their trend. Science is opening up new fields of discovery, whilst affording un- limited scope for the human mind to labor in the old ones. Politics, corrupted and destructive of the best interests of the nation, is demanding purification if society is to be saved, and patriots are busy in this work. Social want and vice are loomint; up in dreadful proportions, and philan- thropists are trying to solve the problem of human misery. The cause, sin ag linst God and light, is well known. Man has wandered away from his best friend, who has lovingly followed him all these ages, and now man is making a pause co consider what road next to take to reach the goal of bliss, and God is drawing nearer to him and pointing out the way. Every roa,d so far tried by the nations has led to disaster and disappointinoiit. Man has devised all sorts of governments and instifcutioas in the effort to secure social ease, comfort and national prosperity, and every experiment has so far failed in just the proportion in which God has been left out of the schemes and constitutions of the nation builders. The last great experiment without (Jod is being tried on the declared equal rights of all men and universal suffrage male nec- essary as the keystone of the structure. After over a century of experiment, what has been so far the result? It is needless to say that disaop linfcmenr lurks in every de- partment of the experiment, and social and industrial disorders almost threaten re- volution. "What is coming?" is the dis- turbing question, the reply to which the politician is continually postponing until ''fco-morrow." It can be trbly said that the great panacea of human ills is comiug. Every day witnesses some new reform or enter- prise to promote man's comfort, the ex- posure of some wrong, individual or social, that calls for remedy, and thus the "good time coming" is, and has been present and on the way for a number of yeara. Ita presence was signalized when xMartin Luther held up the open Bible for the nations to read, when King John was forced by the barons of England to sign the Magna Charta, when reform after reform of abuses were from time to time effected in (xreat Britain and other European countries, and incorporated in the social body politic of the nations, when printing was discovered and Morse introduced the telegraph system, when the first steamer crossed the Atlantic, and the cable was laid, when electricity and a thousand other agencies and discoveries were brought to aid man in his work of sub- duing the earth and promoting social bliss. This good time is still present in all its in- creasing forces preparing the way to higher bliss and greater achievements. People are calmly considering the ne^r time when hor.ses will not be used on the road unless for special purposes, when our streets will be kept clean and level as floors for bicycles, and steam and electric carriages, tind foot passengers, when travel will be cheapened, when no one can be found out of work, and the comfort of every ooe will be looked after and secured. Then will the "good time coming" be here, aid have come to Another every man' ion of his 1 to be saved replied, thi congregati( these indiv will be equ that this is the good ai with the hi the scaffoU word's doi throning o throning o: ing on all < the work i others. Ii ■till remai: advanced following work of el leatling mc an open G ment is hi Civil goi and must wisdom, I justice." British d sworn to i which is t State or n and build stands up in these d When people of statute la THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. 27 Another great question that is to-day in every man's mouth, as the forced express- ion of his heart is, "What muse society do to be saved from its social ills?" It may be replied, that society is only an organized congregation of individuals, and if each of these individuals is "all right" then society will be equally so. But, reflection will show that this is not the case, because at present the good are etarvinjj or otherwise suffering with the bad; in short, right is too much on the scaffold and wrong on Ihe throne of the word's dominion. The process of the de- throning of wrong and injustice by the en- throning of right and justice, is rapidly go- ing on all over the earth. In some countries (he work is much more advanced than in others. In Britain, society, although much ■till remains to be done, presents the moat advanced front, whilst other nations are following hard after its footsteps. The work of elevating a people is twofold. The leading means is the Gospel, the study of an open Bible; and the necessary supple- ment is human legislation. Civil government is of divine appointment, and must therefore be based on God. "By wisdom, kings reign and princes decree justice." The Bible is the key-stone of the British Constitution, and the sovereign is sworn to maintam the Protestant religion, which is the Bible and the Bible only. Any State or nation that does not recognize God, and build on His book as the divine word, stands upon sand, and will not endure long in these days of light and knowledge. When the Lord established His chosen people of old in Canaan, He gave them statute law, as well as His perfect moral code in the Ten Commandments, and whilst we have his inft.llible code of creed in an open Bible, we also require the aid of statute law to supplement it, that society in its modern changed and changing re- lations, may be preserved from every avoid- able evil. There is a widespread admission that society is not yet perfectly organized. That in no country do the people possess a system of social laws by which men and wo- men are saved from the evils uf want. In fact, as at present constituted, it is affirmed that the rich are growing richer and the poor pof^rer. Discontent broods, com- binations of various classes of industries are formed, war on the capitalist is considered and sometimes inaugurated to the injury of both sides, aa well aa to the general com- munity. The true remedy, therefore, has not yet been applied. We believe as before suggested, that such remedy is to be found only in plain statwtk LAW, a law which will wrong no man, rich or poor, and benefit all in the community without distinction of race, creed or color, of age, sex or condition; a law as universal in its application and effects as the Gospel, It may be thought that this is a bold state- ment, and it may be, but it is just the law that is needed, and must in the end be ob- tained. It must be built on God as the supplemental civil code of His spiritual and religious laws, and blend and merge into them, thus forming a perfect religious and social State. The people as a whole must assist in the work, iecuring and maintain- ing the welfare of society and of every person fortunate or unfortunate, in it. I 28 THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. CANADA'S CONDITION. A look at Canada'a extent of territory, boundless resources, people and business, ia quite sufficient to show that a great , wrong exists in its social organization. When, with our scant population, thousands of able bodied men and women lack employment and need homes, whilst millions of acres of rich lands lie unoccupied all ovtr our vast domain, and no efficient attempt is being made, or even advocated, to bring these two principal factors of wealth, prosperity and contentment together, there is some- thing radically wrong in our government. Not only is there room for a home for every one, and a way to enable him to pay for it, but there are farms for millions more, who are shut up in the overpopulated districts in our Mother Land, homeless and despair- ing, and who possess physical power and willing hearts that would soon enable them to have comfortable homes on our prairies and woodlands, if they were put on them. Ontario has a population of 2,114,321 with 10 inhabitants to the square mile; England has 445 to the square mile, and a total of 29,000,000 of people; Scotland 122, with 3,735,000; Ireland 159, with 5,159,839; Norway 15, with 1,913,000; Sweden 26, with 4,572,000. France is a little larger than Ontario. It has 204,096 square miles, and a population of 37,672,000, with 185 to a square mile. What a melancholy showing Canada, with 4,832,679, makes alongside these nations ! Ontario alone, if it had half the population into a square mile that England possesses, would have more than France. It would have 42,000,000 of people instead of 2,112,989 (in 1891), with a stagnated growth and no nroner immigration or land settling department. Why we are not settling up our lands with people from the British Isles we need not stop to inquiie. The subject is too sad to allow of any pleasure to be derived in the contemplation of it. We have lost twenty-five years of golden opportuuities and probubly ten millions of people, and all the vast wealth of business, a home market, and a standing among the nations, that a population of fifteen or twenty millions, with an ever in- creasing numbers, would have given us. We owe two hundred and forty niillionii of dollars for railroads, canals, public build- ings, etc., of which all that pay any profits have been given to individuals, who are thereby rolling in wealth, when they should have been kept by the State, and would have been, if we had been patriotically and honestly governed. Let us put in order what yet lies within our power. A proper social law, such as that here proposed, would provide plenty of work for all our own people without any distinction of age, sex, creed, color, or con- dition, as well as homes for millions more, who would be attracted to our shores, whose conibined industries would usher in an era of abundance and contentment. It would draw thousands from our over- populated cities and towns, and the British Isles, and settle them on farms of their own, and in twenty-five years we could almost, if not quite, supply Britain with all the bread and meat, required beyond her own home production. * * » If you examine our statute books you will find that we have legislated profusely to protect our property, lands, goods and highways; protect property from thieves and fire; bui rig'it books, asylums anfi houses; in liberally fo minor requ but have qi great p.oidii man md c proper hor one nejdiuj an act of cl not a gift ( possession labor and possessor. Is it cha ployment i in the inte its membe it charity own 8upp( No. Lab< ployer, wl pany, or ployer, w should re balance e Society hi no capita' the earn managem It is as n employm ways and against d the helpl to the yc welfare ( Even monest that 8U( kind of 1 with wo but perr in the si T4- ■to ciiir> churche THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. 29 and fire; build railroads; dif? canals, copy- rig'it books, plays and painting; erect jails, asylums and schoolhousea, and a few poor- houses; in short, that we have provided liberally for about all the comparatively minor requirenveuts and needs of society, but have quite neglected to provide for that great p.oiding necessity of every man, wo- man md child in that society, namely: a proper home, food and clothing for every one n&jding them, such not to be given as an act of charity, but to be had has a right, not a gift of the rich and able, but as a possession bought and paid for by the honest labor and earnings of the owner and possessor. Is it charity for the State to provide em- ployment for those out of work? No. It is in the interest of society itself that none of its members should be losing their time. Is it charity to enable them to pay for their own support and add to society's wealth? No. Labor always more than pays its em- ployer, whether he be an individual, a com- pany, or society itself. All that the em- ployer, whether an individual or company, should retain is a fair profit, and the balance should be pa.d to the worker. Society has no claim to any profits, as it has no capital invested for such a purpose. All the earnings abov the actual cost of management should be paid to the worker. It is as much the duty of society to provide employment, as it is to mend its high- ways and bridges, abate nuisances, guard against disease, furnish food and shelter to the helpless, poor and naked, and education to the young.- In each instance the general welfare of the community is promoted. Even it were mere charity, the com- monest obligations of Christianity require that such wants should be met. Wbat kind of a religion is that which covers you with wordy blessings inside the church door, but permits you and your family to starve in the street? You say it is a bogus one. T4- i= o.ioh in nf>t- but not in fact. The churches have their spiritual laws. They constitute the Bpiritual kingdom of God, and society must supplement these laws with temporal legislation, as God did His moral lawn with the ceremonial, and then both the spiritual and temporal wants of nien will be provided for. All the good people society has are in the churches. They are God's storehouses of love, charity, faith, patriotism and work, and all that is needed is the open door, proper legislation, to enable them to go out into the temporal field and bring the helpless wanderers home to God, by feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiting the sick, and telling all of the wonderful love of Jesus for His lost ones, and His sacrifice of Himself for their temporal salvation from sin and want, and eternal happiness and glory in heaven. VVhy should the church people be com- pelled to do all these good deeds at their own cost and sacrifice? Why should the saloons, taverns, breweries, distilleries, and other factories of vice and sin, dump their victims at the church doors for (fare and attention ? Why should not society, which, as a whole, permits and even sanctions these evil places, as a whole, contribute its share for taking care of the conse- quences ? This is what this Act proposes to accomplish. « • * It might be well, at this point, to give an illustration to show how a man may, by his daily wages, buy and pay for his own home in a city, town or village. Plenty of pas- sable dwellings and lots can be bought foi- $1,000 (one thousand dollars) cash down. For such a house, a tenant in London will pay from $7 to $8 a month rent, which amounts to $84 or $96 a year, and at the end of that time he is only a tenant still, 1 without any prospect of a home of his own. I Now, suppose this Social Act was in force, th« tenant could then apply to the Greater Council to buy that, or some other, lot whose owner did not need it for his own occupation, and the council, if it accepted the application (for the whole proceedings 30 THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. are a pure buaineRS transaction without any admixture of charity), would pay the thou- sand dollars to the owner and take security from the purchaser for its rei>ayment in from ten to sixty years, as he might choose, at four per cent, per annum interest. He would thus pay forty dollars interest and five to ten doll-^i-s, according to the time agreed upon, for the sinking fund, which annual payment into the sinking fund would also draw interest, and at the end of the time the lot would be paid for, while the purchaser would be the owner from the time he bought it, and his pur- chase money would be less by at least one- third than his rent. If he were paying for a houee, team and outfit for a free farm, the same advantages would be extended to him. He deals with the State or the Municipality as his creditor, whose interest it is not to make money out of him, but to keep him on the land, out of which all wealth is produced. The first year's payment is $6.67 for the sinking fund. The interest on $1,000 at four per cent, is !$40, so that the whole payment on principal and interest, for the first year, is only $46. 67 ; >vherea8 on a mortgage, at six per cent, he is paying $60 for interest alone, and nothing on principal ; and for rent, $84 a year, as a mere tenant by the mouth, it may be. A few words may be written about the probable opponents of such a law. As it would lessen the rate of interest on private loans lo what a Municipality or State would have to pi_,, those who desire to lend money at higher rates, secured by mortgage on lands, would, if their selfish- ness exceeded their patriotism, oppose such a social scheme. Some landlords, inasmuch as their rents would necessarily come down to meet a four per cent, outlay, might object. All kinds of food, such a^ wheat, oats, corn, potatoes, etc., would fall in price; so would all kinds of cloluiug, ;i:l manufactures of iron, steel and wood, would be correspond- ingly cheapened; also freight, travel, books, and all real estate in cities and towns, as well as farm lands, and very probably wages, but it may be said with regard to the latter, that the wage-earner would be independent, as he could at any time be- come an independent farmer, whenever he found that it would be a better paying business to engage in raising and supplying fruit, grain, beef, pork, etc., and besides, it must be remembered that an acre of land at $10 will raise just as much as if it was held at $40 or $oO. The speculator would not touch land at such conditions. It would be left to the actual workers. Mortgagees could not complain, since they would be paid off' in full of all their present claims. Any opposition from them would bo in view of new investments. « « • It will thus be seen that many wouM carefully study tlie effect of such a social change before assenting to it ; but it is submitted that every class of ciuizen, except lawbreakers and the vicious, would soon give it their sanction. Such a law, by elevating the working classes to a plane of independence, would be a boon to society, and this ought tc secure the support of every well-wisher of his race. It ■ ould maintain the equilibrium of labor hy carefully gauging the production of each branch of industry, with the prob- able market for it at home and abroad ; and provide farms for the surplus workers in any branch of manufacture where the production was, for the time being, too large for the demand. It would provide employment for the idle, education and a trade or calling for youth, and a home for every one. It would restrain vice and promote vir- tue, by keeping in constant view every member of society. It would keep our gaols empty, and pro- mote absolute prohibition in total absti- nence from liquor and tobacco, which would save an annual waste of over $30,000,000 I now spent c cheap count Ir, would increasing ] pulse of bu land with n It would social sphei enterprise probably s< And, lae the diflfusi motion of < It is tb scheme w defects c> be adopte time is cc All the ( coming m second co believe, \ are getti threaten 1 gigantic s havoc an Book reo( " These s the Lam meantimi churches ready, b; I'ighteou THK SOCIAL PROBLEM. 81 now spent on these vices, and make this a cheap country to live in. Ir, would people our country with an ever increasing population, and so quicken the pulse of business in every line, and fill our land with money. It would make woman man's e(iual in the : social sphere, where her superior kindness, enterprise and undivided attention would probably soon make her the prime mover. And, lastly, it would powerfully aid in the diffusion of knowledge and the pro- motion of Christianity. It is therefore to be hoped that the Bcheme will be impartially weighed, its defects corrected, and it, or a better, be adopted without delay. That a good time is coming is cry generally believed. All the Christian world is talking of a coming millennium, many of them of the second coming of Clirist. His advent is. I bblieve, very near at ht.nd. The nations are getting angry. France and Russia threaten tlie peace of the world ; but their gigantic armies will, after creating great havoc and distress, c(yme to nau ^ht, as the Book records the defeat of (Jog and Magog: «' These shall make war with the Lamb und the Lamb shall overcome them." In the " Mine eyes can see the «lory of the «5 of He is*trii'npll"l' •'"* ^'''^ winopves-i where .> 9 iri-;ttii>M (if wratli are storoa , , • I see ^,.e'Hanlinn:'n;pestof Ills swlft-deacend- Int; sword, , , Our Klnj; is nuirchlnj,' on. ■ 1 cau see His coming judgments, as they cU'cle Tlie sS.^'Tu^^'^'r'oanhigs promised to precede r read luT righteous sentence in the cruiiAb- lint; po\v