IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
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1.0
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(/Subject io Beviaion.)
DXC.»
EFFECT OF VARYING THE WEIGHT OF REGENE-
RATOR IN A HOT-AIR ENGINE.
BY G. W. BISSELI^ AXE8, IOWA.
(Junior Member of the Society.)
"When the writer was connected with Cornell University, as
instructor in experimental engineering, he noticed that experi-
ments with a Eider Compression Pumping Engine gave data
showing a lowering of temperature of i;he jacket-water in its
course through the engine, instead of an elevation of tempera-
ture, as he expected. Many experiments, conducted carefully
and with special pains in the calibration of thermometers, and
in their use by interchange of position, confirmed the phenome-
non.
The experiments which are herein described, and of which the
data are given, were made to find out what effect, if any, varying
the amount of metal in the regenerator Avould have upon the
phenomenon referred to.
The Eider Compression Hot Air Pumping Engine is too well
known to require description. The fuel used consisted of wood
used for starting the fires and hard coal. The amount used in
each run was determined as in the standard method of steam-
boiler trials. All of the wa,ter pumped passed through the
jacket of the displacing cylinder, except a small stream which
was carried through the jacket of the working cylinder. Both
streams of water were united beyond the pump and delivered to
* Presented at the Montreal meeting, June, 1804, of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, and forming part of Volume XV. of the Transactions.
2 EFFECT OF VAKYINd THE WEKIHT OF IVEGENERATOB.
the weir, which measured the water pumped. The head against
which the pump worked was made by throttling the discharge,
ami was measured by a pressure-j^augo in the usual way. The
indicator was attached to the regenerator chamber, and its drum
received motion from the working cylinder. The speed was ob-
tained by hand counting. The thermometers used for determin-
ing the temperatures of the jacket-water were eighteen inches
long, graduated to 1/5 " Fahr., and carefully compared, besides
being frequently interchanged durijig each test.
The data and results are appended. Graphical logs and a
graphical record of the final results are also given. The obser-
vations were taken by Messrs. Clarke and Heilman, then senior
students in the laboratory, the latter being now instructor
in the laboratory. The writer gave close supervision to the ex-
periments here reported, and frequently verified the readings of
the temperatures of the jacket water.
TEST NO. 1.
All of regenerator in ; weiglitof Bame, iiO.TS lbs. Date, April 14, 1891. Duration. 2 hours 30
minutes. Zero of weir, 0.78.5S feet. Wei-l.t of wood, (1.3 Ite. Weight of coal, 4.03 lbs.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
()
7
8
9
10
n
n
13
14
15
10
Mean
Time.
3.20
3.30
3.40
3.50
4.00
4.10
4. -.20
4.30
4.40
4. DO
5.00
5.10
5.20
5.30
5.40
5.!j0
Weir
Keudiug.
0.9rT3
O.lHiti;^
0.9:03
0.9091
0.90*.-)
9704
0.9()8:J
0.9748
0.9;33
0.9053
o.9e9.-
0.9(ib'.
0.9700
0.972^
0.9712
0.9; 08
0.9703
Uend.
Ibrt.
11.00
10.2.5
10.75
10.75
10.00
10.50
lO..^
10.75
10. "5
10.75
10.75
10.75
9.85
10.75
10.75
10.75
10.«6
M.E.I'.
9.. 53
9.47
9.08
9.73
9.08
9.89
9.47
9.02
9.92
9.89
9.02
9.55
9.85
10.00
9.08
9.53
9.69
TEMPBBATUKE9.
Room .
77
Water at
Weir.
86.8
87.5
8S.0
88.4
89.3
89.9
90.1
89.0
89.8
89.9
90.4
90.5
90.8
91.0
91.0
91.0
83.62
Jacket.
Entering.
58.2
60.9
00. n
60.7
00.9
61.1
61.1
61.3
01.2
01.4
01.5
61.7
61.9
01.9
()1.9
01.9
"oT.Te
Leaving.
61.2
.59.0
58.9
58.9
.59.5
59.2
59.5
.59.3
.59.2
59.8
,59.8
69.9
159.9
00.0
59.9
59.9
59.62
Itevs.
per
Minute.
106
104
110
106
100
100
102
112
110
106
104
104
104
100
106
108
105.9
EFFECT OF VARYING THE WEKillT OF REGENKIJATOH. 3
JO w ;io 40 no
CO 70 fO 1)0
TlwJi? minutes-
ICO 110 i:o 130 110 ir£
10 20 30 i»0 so 00 70 80 !X)
Time— niiuutcs.
100 110 120 I.TO 110 iJO
EI-TECT OP VAKVIN'C. THE WETCUIT OF UEOENKTMTOHS.
to
20
30
40 50
CO 70 SO 00
Time— mluutcB .
100 110
IIM
TEST NO. 3.
Two-thir.ls of generator in; weight of sn \ 13.5 lbs. Date, April 15, 1891. Duration, 2 hours,
30 minutes. Zero of weir, 0.7853 feel. Weight of wood, 8.75 lbs. Weiglit of coal, 6.5 lbs.
Tempeuatuuks.
Revs.
No.
Time.
Weir
Reading.
Head,
lbs.
M.E.P.
Room .
Water at
Weir.
Jacket.
per
Minnte.
Entering.
62.9
Leaving.
1
3.00
0.9mi!)
10.. 50
8.39
83
78.1
62.0
92
3
3.10
0.9^90
9.50
8.34
79.9
62.2
61.5
104
3
3.30
0.9612
10.25
8.40
81.6
61.8
61.3
108
4
3.30
0.9(i90
10.25
8.39
S2.5
61.8
60.9
95
r>
3 40
0.969r
11.25
8.32
79
83.9
61.7
60.7
106
6
3.50
0.9.573
10.75
8.33
85.0
61.8
61.4
98
r
4.00
0.9648
10.75
8.39
86 1
62.2
63.2
98
s
4.10
0.9673
10.00
8.62
78
87.3
62.3
63.9
98
9
4.20
0.9U59
10.35
8.63
84.6
62.2
62.2
19
10
4.30
0.9(;3S
10.00
8.:ii
84.5
62.2
62.3
Dt)
11
4.40
0.9645
10.15
8.70
78
85.7
62.5
62.3
9ti
12
4..")0
0.9610
10.00
8.57
«6.8
62.6
62.4
94
13
5.00
0.9660
10.35
8.62
IS8.0
62.9
62.0
94
14
5.10
0.9690
10.50
8.47
88.6
62.9
61.6
96
15
5.20
0.9689
10. ,50
8.63
78
89.3
62.9
61. r
99
16
5.80
0.9678
10.55
10.35
8.62
8.49
79
89.4
85.0
(32.9
62.3
61.7
96
Mean . .
0.9656
61.9
97.7
KKFKCT OF VAKYING THK WKKUIT OF UKOEN F.KATOn.
5
TEST NO. H.
On( -fliird of rcgcin'rator In ; wpl^flit <if ciune. 0.T5 ll)*. Diirt;, April Ifi, IH'.tl. Diinillon, '-• liniirs
.•)() mlmili'^. Zero of Wfir, 0.78511 feet. Weight oT won], H.O llw. Wel«ht of coal, ti.O 111.-*.
No.
3
4
5
<i
I
8
»
10
11
la
13
14
16
10
Mean
Tlino
3.20
a.»)
2.40
8.50
3.00
3.10
8.80
3.30
3 40
3.50
4.(H)
4.10
4.^0
4.30
4.40
4.50
W'.'li-
Hodd,
Itciulin};.
ibi*.
().9,r05
10.35
o.rmio
10.50
0.9583
10.. 55
0.9700
10.75
0.9734
10.. 50
O.ObflO
10.. 55
0.0658
10.. 55
0.002O
10.00
O.Wtfi?
11. 0«)
0.965S
10., 55
0.H.5H0
10.25
0.«(i03
10.50
o.n.'>t;5
10.25
0.!).5.55
10.25
0.n.'>.55
10. .50
0.')093
10.25
o.cfise
10.49
M. E. P.
I Hoonj.
TEMPKBATrnKR.
Jacket.
7.. 5(1
7.48
7.78
7.H5
7.72
7.H7
7.87
7.80
I .n,
7. HO
7.H7
7.87
7.72
7.87
7.65
7. OH
7.75
77
Water at
Weir.
03.0
iKl.O
114.5
95.0
ro.4
92.1
92.4
93.5
91,0
93.7
94.4
95.5
90.9
90.3
90.4
89.0
«a 1
HCV8.
I per
[Minute.
Enlerlng.
05.5
04.8
04.5
(i3.3
03.0
03
03.7
03.9
(;4.5
04.0
04.5
05.3
05.8
or. 7
05.2
04.7
64.5
Leavhij}.
65. a
00.2
05.7
♦18.5
01.0
03.3
03 8
04.9
04.3
04.9
04.5
08,5
05.4
65.3
00.5
05.0
64.0
92
90
90
101
no
9.1
m
100
104
00
94
IH)
88
88
88
98
95.5
RESULTS.
Diameter of work'.nj: piston. 0.75incliftH ; diami-tfrof pump pliinifer, 1.5 Indies ; length of strolie
of worliing piston, 0.7i)2 f jet ; lengt!i of stroke of pump plunger, 0.713 feet.
Test No.
)(ite.
Duratii'ii
Wf iRhf of I egcnerator, ll>8 ,
FleiHl pumped against, feet
Weir rending. ...
Weir zero
Head over weir, feet
Waler delivered, cubic feet per necond
Temperature of water at weir, Falir
Effective horse-power
M.E.P.
Kcvolutionx jier minute
Indicated horse-power
Mechiinical efUcieney, per cent
Coal consumed per hour, lb»
Coal per I. II. P., per liour
Initial temperature of jacket-water.
Final tempenture of jacket-water, .
UifC in temperature of jacket-water.
1
4-14-1891
2j hours
20.75
24.51
0.9703
0.7853
0/18.50
0.0215
89.02
0.0,590
9.09
105.0
0.880
0.79
2.84
3.23
61.10
59.02
-1.54
8
4-15-1891
2i hours
13.50
2^ HO
0.9055
0.78;. 3
0.1 8G2
0.0202
85.00
0.0542
8.49
(;7.7
0.711
7.02
4.00
5.02
62.30
61.9
-0.4
4-10-1891
8J hours
6.75
24. '2
0.9626
0.7853
0.1773
0.0193
93.1
0.052S
7.75
95.45
0.632
8.20
3.68
5. 82
04.5
04.9
+ 0.4
Remarks. — The rirse in temperatiirt- of tlie water from the pump to the weir
was occisioned portly by the jacket- water from the working cylinder which was
admitted to the discharge pipe after the final temperature of the main stream
had been measured, and partly by the arrangement of the disoliarge pipe, which
was carried through the upper part of the room in the vicinity of !<leam pipes
for a considerable distance before reachin? the weir tank.
Inspection of the above data and results reveals the following :
Reducing the weight of the regenerator reduces the cooling
effect of the engine upon the jacket-water, and finally results in
actually raising its temperature,
6 EKKKGT {>!•' VAiniN<i VilV. WKICIIT OK IIKCKNKU A'lOK.
And also incroascjs tlu; huh- iiniciil ottu-ioncy ;
Jiut !it tho expi'nso of tlio duty luul of t\w totiil oiVicicncy an
Hhowu by tho itoms niulor tho hoiids roHpectivoly of " Water
dolivorod, cubic feet per second," and "Coal pea* I.H.P. per
hour."