P 7a n /a m ^A y /A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 no """^ I.I M 12.0 ■25 1^ IL25 i 1.4 '1.6 PtiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation V :\ \ '%^ \ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Cv Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. 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Thia item ia filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-deaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 7 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ^Sk-«PP3*;'r Th« copy filmed h«r« has b««n raproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Medical Library McGill University ■Montreal Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia eonaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grica i la ginAroait* da: Medical Library McGill University Montreal Im Imagaa suh^antaa ont 4t* raproduitaa avac la piua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at an conformitA avac laa conditiona du contrat da filmaga. Original eopiaa in printad papar eovara ara flimad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or llluatratad impraa- •ion. or tha back covar whan appropriate. Ail othar original eopiaa ara flimad beginning on the first paga with a printad or Illustrated imprea- ajon, and adding on tha laat paga with a printad or llluatratad impraaaion. Lea axempieiree origineux dont la eouvarture en papier eat imprim^a sont fiimia an eommanpant par la premier plat at an .tarminant soit par la damiAre paga qui comporft una ampreinte d'Impreesion ou d'lilustration, soit par la second plat, salon le eas. Tous laa autras oxemplairas origineux sont flimto en eommenpant par la pramiire page qui comporte une ampreinte d'Impreesion ou dlllustration at sn tarminent par la damiire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The leet recorded frame on eech microfiche shall contain the symbol «^ (meening "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meening "END"), whichever eppliee. Un dee symboles suivents spperaftra sur la demi^re imege de cheque microfiche, selon le eae: le symbols — » signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Meps. pistes, charts, etc.. mey be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Those too large to be entirely included in one expoaura are filmed beginning in the upper left hend comer, left to right and top to bottom, ae many framee aa required. The following diagrama Illustrate the method: l.ee cartea. pianchee. tableeux. etc., peuvent Atre fiimie i dee taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque le document eet trop grsnd pour itre reproduit en un seul cliche. 11 eet film* A partir da Tangle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bea. an pranent le nombre d'Imegea niceasaire. Lee diagrammas suivants illustrant la m^thoda. r. t 2 3 :' ,,♦ • • llU'priiited from Thk Piiiladklpiiia Mkdicai. .Iouknal, August U, 1898.J NOTES ON THE PROGRESS OP LEGAL MEDICINE:— THE MEDICOLEGAL STUDY OP INJURIES. Uy WYATT JOHNSTON, M.D., of Montrepl, Catiuila. Few medicolegal textbooks deal at all thoroughly with wounds and injuries except with a view to the diagnosis of crime. We find that while relatively full consideration is given to wounds proper, this is by no means the case with other injuries, and only such accidents receive attention as are liable to be connected or confused with homicide or suicide. The one excep- tion to this rule is made in the case of traumatic neu- roses. Thus, the criminal aspects of legal medicine tend to overshadow the civil ones in our textbooks, althougii the civil courts have to deal with ten medicolegal mat- ters for one that comes before a criminal court. The civil cases, too, are more likely to devolve upon the practising physician than upon the medicolegal special- ist. It is very desirable that the writers of some of our textbooks and works of reference should deal with the subject-matter in its non-criminal aspect. Our journals, too. d9 not give much prominence to this line of work, such articles as appear being gener- ally given not an original communications but merely as news-items, usually meager in detail and insuffi- ciently vouched for from a scientific point of view. Even in special journals, such as the Railway Surgeon and the Medico- Legal Journal, the aim is rather to record forensic precedents than the scientific aspects of the question, and to be of assistance more to lawyers or ex- Hi ^^ - n *»-^ — . iVii! .-('/VW SV^iWWPW-*-- l-f4-.^=FT,""«3=*»"--- I 2 ecutive officers than to physicians. Owing to the scarcity of detailed case-reports, new casuistic work and compi- lation of the scattered observation are especially needed as a basis for further progress, and one would prefer to see the careful study of cases take, the place of the well- worn platitudes and ex-cathedra statements in which the addresses and communications made before medico- legal societies so abound. Of recent American litera- ture on this subject, the excellent monograph by C. Phelps on Gunshot Injuries of the Brain^ that by Pearce Bailey on Accident and Injury in Relation to the Nervous System^^ and the important clinical study by W. B. Coley of The Relation Between Injury and Sarcoma^* are examples of the highest type of literature upon the subject, and it is work of this kind that is most needed at present. The barrenness of our own literature makes it neces- sary to be familiar with foreign sources of information. One is struck by the fact that the literature in this branch of legal medicine is almost exclusively German. Besides several periodicals* devoted exclusively to it, numerous articles appear in the general medical jour- nals as well as the medicolegal ones, such as Friedreich's Blatter, and the Vierteljahresschrifi f. gerichtliche Medicin. In the last-named journal an important series of mono- graphs have recently appeared, dealing with the medico- legal relation of injury of the various internal organs and cavities, and especially with such remote and indi- rect aspects of trauma as tuberculosis, tumors, etc. A special department for " Unfallheilkunde " has been in- cluded for the past years in the Virchow-Hirsch Jahres- bericht, while a number of useful larger works, hand- J D. Appleton A Co., 1897. a D. Appleton & Co., 1898. 8 AnncUg qf Surgery, lill&rch, 1898. * Monatschrifl J'iir UnfallfifMkwide, Aerzlliche SachreraMnd it/en Zuilnnff, Archiv /. Un/allhei:kunde. ircity ompi- eeded fer to I well- lyhich edico- litera- by C. Pearce Nervous W. B. ta," are on the needed , neces- xiation. in this erman. y to it, il jour- drdch'a edicin. mono- edico- organs d indi- letc. A een in- Jahrea- , hand- imean countries is given in the article by Dr. V. I^oye.* When we consider that in almost everv medicoleual case the essential problem as to whether a certain ell'ect is due to a ^iven cause, is in the majority of cases one in pathologic etit)logy, it is remarkable how compara- tively little sound pathology one linds in the records of medicolegal cases and how very little the subject ot ])athology has been enriched from medicolegal sources. From reading a large number of records it would seem as if accurate work in this direction were greatly needed at j)resent. Careful examination into the facts will convince most persons that when the entire medicolegal material furnished by almost any of the general hosi)itals in our large cities can be placed at the disposal of some member of the stafl", specially interested in this special line of work, it would enable instruction in legal med- icine to be given the same thorough clinical and prac- tical attention as is now the case with the other subjects of the curriculum. A provisional arrangement of this kind was recently made at my re(iuest by the statt' of the Montreal (ien- eral Hospital. It is yet too early to say in how far we will be successful in placing the teaching of the subject on a practical clinical basis. At the outset 1 have met with a certain coyness on the part of the surgical staff in allowing their cases to be studied, which tended to limit the amount of availai)le material, whereas the cordial and thorough cooperation of the staff of a hospital is necessary for the full success of the i)lan. I must mention that Dr. F. W. Draper, of Boston, has '^ Annates