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Le Sou-indire de Quebec, 3, rue d9 rUniversit^, QsxhbBQ 4, QUE, LONDON: Printed for Thomas Hop b, oppoftte the of the Royal' Exchange t Thrtadneed/e -Street, 1761, [Piice Six-P£Nci.J it i'f/h. A CANDID ANSWER, ^c. SIR, S you have largely and freely entered into the Debate concerning the Value of Guadaloupe, and the Value of Cana- da, to the Intercft of Great- Britain j and as I am of Opinion that you have mifrepre- fented the Cafe in many Particulars, I hope you will readily excufe my enquiring into the Foun- dation of your Arguments. This I (hall do with the utmoft Candour, and (hall then leave the De- cifion of it to the Judgment of the Public. Debates on political Subjects are not entirely ufelefs, if they ferve no other Purpofe, than that of colledting the diflferent Opinions of Mankind: And though there may be found fome in this CjU^ of Writers too low to be much regarded, yet there si*i> (ft may may. appear fome too high to be engrely over- looked and neglected. The principal Query is. Whether, at the en- fuing Peace, it will be moll advantageous to the Intereft of Great-Britain to keep Canada, in Pre- ference to Guadalottpe ? To this I anfwer in the Affirmative ; and in giving my Reafons for it, I Ihall fully confider your Arguments on the other Side of the Queftion, and (hall endeavour, in a diftindl, clear, and concife Manner, to point out the feveral Errors that have occurred to me, on an impartial and careful Review of your Pamphlet. V \ I \ No one can be fo weak as to imagine, that the French are fond of going to War merely for the Sake of fighting. No, it is the Ambition of en- larging their Territories, and of increafing their Dominions *, and this, nc Doubt, was the Occa- fion of the prefent War : France had, for a long Time, beheld with an envious Eye, the Increafe of the Britijb Settlements in North America, its Addition to the Strength of the Britijh Nav^l Power, its Improvements in Commette, and the Means of peopling a large and fertile Country with Britijb Subjcfts. Thcfe were weighty Con- fiderations with the French to begin a Rupture iii that Part of the World. V^ ^ The lover- le en- o the Pre- the it. I ther in a t out me, your [3l The Britijb Settlements on the Coaft of North America extend from the Latitude of 50 to 30 Degrees, including Nova Scotia^ New Tork, Pen- filvama^ Virgtma^ North and South Carolina^ and Georgia, Now had the Arms of France^ at the Com- mencement of the prcfent War, been fo fuccefsful as to have gained one Sea -Port on thefe Settle- ments, it is eafy to conceive what a Situation the Reft of the Britijb Colonies would have been in : The Navigation to Canada^ either by the River St, Lawrencey or by the MiJJiJfippiy is not only te- dious and uncertain, but dangerous ; therefore, if the French had obtained one Port on the Sea Coaft, we have Reafon to fufpedl they would not have fent their Armies to the Continent of Ger» utafryt but to the Continent of jimerica. Ten or fifteen thoufand Men might have been tranfported with great Safety and Eafe, from France to the Coaft of Carolina or Virginia^ in the Space of a few Weeks. Whatever Syftem of Policy France may have adopted during the prefent Campaigns, k certainly took its Rife from the ill Succefs that attended her Arms on the Coaft of North Ameri- ca, France had not in View, in the Year 1755, an Emopean War; her whole Defign was the Conqueft, at leaft of Part of the Britijh Settle- ments in North America : That Defign has been happily baffled, by the Vigilance of the Britifi B 2 Court, [4] Court, and ttie A^ivity and Courage of Brit\(h Commanders. . Can it then be right or prudent, to return Ca- nada again to the French ? They have now recon- noitred that vaft Country, they have difcovcred their Errors in their late Negotiations, they are acquainted with the Strength of our Colonies, they have ftudied the Difpoiitions of the Indians \ and, in Ihort, have attained every , necefTary In- formation towards proceeding on fure Grounds, whenever they may think it proper to make ano- ther Attempt. The Politics of France have, at all Times, been received with every favourable Advantage, and we have been caught to dread her Cunning, at a Time when we have been in no Fear of her Arms. She has planned in Secret, what, per- haps, ihe was not able to execute : Nay, even at this critical Jundure, flie would anfwer as cava- lierly as Richard the Firft, firnamed Cc^ur de Lion, did to Me/htiil, one of the Soltan*s Grandees, in the Reign of the holy Wars : " * Go, tell your •• Lord, that on both Sides we perifli every Day «« — That it were beft to refrain from further ** Bloodfhed. Beware how you think that this «* Motion proceed from my Weaknefs — I have only the common Good at Heart — Do not Hat- * Vita & Res Geftae Sultanl Saladini. •( «f tet r •? «( it •At ^iiioO Britifh T it [5] " ter yourfelvcs witji a vain Hope, bccaufc I *» have withdrawn the Camp ; for the Ram draws " backwards only to butt with the greater Violence" It is therefore highly natural to fuppofe, that, as long as the French (hall be poflTenid of Canada^ fo long will there be a Contention between the rival Powers of Great- Britain and France. The Jealoufy that has fubfiftcd fo long between the two Nations, is not to be imagined will fubfide, when fo clofely connected as to Ihare the Conti- nent of North America between them : As the one will increafe, the other muft decline ; and the French will endeavour, upon every frivolous Oc- cafion, to leffen the Britijh Strength, till perhaps, by Stratagems and Intrigues, they will at lad dif- poflefs the Englijh of all thtir valuable Colonies in that Part of the World. The Reafon you have urged to invalidate the Force of this Argument, feems to me fo very ex- traordinary, that I (hall beg Leave to quote that entire Paragraph from your firft Letter. (( The having all North America to ourfelves, by acquiring Canada^ dazzles the Eyes, and blinds the Underftandings, of the giddy and ** unthinking People, as it is natural for the hu- man Mind to grafp at every Appearance of Wealth and Grandeur ; yet it is eafy to difco- ver, that fuch a Peace might foon ruin Bri- B 3 •' m; (( C( (( (I (( (C cc cc tious and turbulent from the Didance of the Power that rules them } one mull be very lit- tle converfant in Hiftory, and totally unac- quainted with the PaflTions and Operations of »* the would |ntry as Extent es, all all the couid and as as any t fuch )jcafho, likewife, there fcized, and made Prizes of a great Number of Ships belonging to your Majcfty's Suhjeifls. »» «* The low Value of our Produce may be very ^' juftly attributed to the great Improvement the »* French «c C( <( C( it <( C( <( Now, Sir, can it be imagined, that there is any Reafon to complain of the Want of Territory in the Weji Indies^ when it is well known, that the Trade of our Sugar Colonies is upon the Decline : ' ^ Will i Sugar her than m thefe rade and etached, rid, and or fonK hey pro- ry does ; Head to n thencecline: Will 1 i Wiii a iiew Afcquiiition eiiable the Bntifi Planter fco iindeifell the French ? Or, will the North Ame- ticanSi cdntrary to their ufual Cuftom, to fupport this new Acquifition, genetoufly pay you a greater Price iot yotir Sugiir, Rum, and Molaffes, than they cart be fdpplied with 9X Hifpahiola, or Monti Cbrifii? « /in oMer to extend the Trade o^ the Brttt/h Sugar Colonies, on a proper Footing, it is ne- teflary to place it one Degree, at leaft, beloW that of the French : It is not now in our Power to do this. On the firft Settlement of the Carrihbee Iflandsj Great Britain furnilhed France^ and moft of the Nations of Europe^ with Sugar. The Po- licy of France foon difcove red the great Advan- tages flowing from this Branch of Commerte | they began to cultivate it with great Afllduity, and in the Courfe of a few Years, by any eafy Tax of one per Cent, theii- Trade to the PTefi^ Indies became more general and more extenfive than that of Great- Britain, And as the French have improved in their Sugar Trade, fo has the Sugar Trade of Britain declined in the fame Pro- portion. The Exigences tod of Great- Britain, during the Courfe of two expcnfive Wars, have haftened its Decline, by the Addition of new Taxes; and indeed every new Tax laid upon thofc Commodities, which are exported to the tVeJi'Jndies^ muft, in fome Mcafurc, ilffcft the C Price [ »8 ] Price of Sugar, or Rum, or whatever is the Produce of the Sugar Colonies. I would not be underftood to alTert, that Great-Britain has Sugar Iflands enough already ; it certainly is a very beneficial Branch of Com- merce, but under the prefent Situation of her Affairs, .uhiefs (he had made a Conqueft of the French Settlements on the Ifland of Hifpaniola, the keeping Gaudaloufe in our PoflefTion, will have little or no Eflfed on the Price of Sugar at home, neither will it prevent the illicit Trade being car- ried on between the Northern Colonies, and the French Sugar Iflands. The next Paragraph 1 (hall infert is from your firft Letter, Page 12. j 1 "t <( i( <( (( cc « cc •( «c '* Britain certainly is not increafing in its Number of Inhabitants, and the Number of People is the great Wealth and Strength of every Country, where Induftry abounds: If two Countries trading and dealing fo deep with one another, the one increafing fo fafl in Peo- ple, as North America does, and the other di- minifhing, notwithftanding all the Advantages of Manufadlories, Trade, Agriculture, which have fo lately advanced of late Years*, the Caufe is pad doubt, the one is draining the other of People, or which is much the fame "ii; ■I CC cc c« m [ 19 ] " In the End, the one increafing fo fa ft muft " foon be Mafter of the other ; that is, diminifti- «* ing it, or at beft ftanding ftill." In anfwer to this, I fhall give an Extraft from a very fenfible Pamphlet written in Penftlvania^ in ihe Year 17519 foon after the late War, when CommiiTaries were appointed to fettle Bounds between the Englijh and French in l^orth America, • « I «( C« cc (C (C C( (( (C cc cc C( cc cc C( C( cc cc cc cc " There are fuppofed to be now upwards of One Million of Englijh Souls in North America^ (though it is thought fcarce 30,000 have been brought over Sea) and yet, perhaps, there is not one the fewer in Britain^ but rather many more, on Account of the Employment the Colonies afford to the Manufadtories at home i this Million doubling, fuppofe but once in twenty-five Years, will in another Century be more than the People in England^ and the greateft Number of Englifimen be on this Side the Water. What an Acceflion of Power to the Britijh Empire by Sea, as well as by Land! What Increafe of Trade and Navigation ! What Number of Ships and Seamen! We have been here little more than 100 Years, and yet the Force of our Privateers in the late War, united, was greater, both in Men and Guns, than that of the whole Britijh Navy in Queen Elizabeth*^ Time : How important an C 2 " Aflfair CI cc Cf « <( «{ cc C( cc cc •c cc cc cc [ a* 1 Affair then to Britain is the prefcnt Treaty, for fettling the Bounds between her Colonies and the French, (hould be to^fecure Room enough, Hnce on the Room depends fo much the Increafe of the People. In fine, a Nation well regulated is like a Polypus, take away a Limb, its Place is foon fupplied; cut it in two, and each difEcient- Part (hall foon grow out of the Part remaining. Thus if you have Room and Subfiftence enough, as you may by dividing, make ten PolypufTes out of one, you may of one make ten Nations, equally populous and powerful; or rather increafe a Nation tenfold in Number and Strength." in If we take a View of the feveral military Tranfadlions fince the Commencement of the prefent War, in North Amtrica, we (hall find, that out of the fix capital Engagements there, the French have been fuccefsful in three ; viz. at Fort du ^efney where General Braddock was de- feated; at Ticonderoga, where General jlker- crombie commanded ; and at Sillery^ where Ge- neral Murray was repulfed. The Defeat of General Braddock was as favour- able a Circumftance to the French, at the Com- mencement of the War, as they could have wilhed for ; and had they, at that critical Junci^ ture, been furnifhed with a fufficient Army to . ^. have cc <« C( C( M » [21] have penetrated into the Britijh Colonies, it was eafy to have forefeen, what would have been the Confequence: As it was, it alarmed the North yimericans^ it awakened the Britijh Minidryj it warmed, animated, and revived the whole Nation in general : It was at this Time ihe Britijh Set- tlements in North America appeared in their true Light i their Value, Intereft, and Advantages to the Commerce, and Navigation of Great-Britain^ were then properly confidered \ the Conqueft of Canada became the Wilh and Concern of every true Briton •, this was cherilhed, fupported, and improved by the unwearied Application of our Miniftry at home-, and as fuccefsfully executed abroad, by the Bravery and Conduft of General Wolfe^ Amherji, and John/on,-— The Annals of Great-Britain can never appear more glorious than in the Hiftory of the prefcnt War ; and we have no Reafon to doubt, but that the Treaty, at the enfuing Peace, will be as equally glorious, from the well known Abilities of our Minifters. I fhall now colledl into one Head, whatever you have urged in Favour of Guadaioupe^ and fhall then give a general Anfwer thereto.-'—" As •• you have lived, you fay, for fome Time on <• the Spot in Guadaloupe, you muft know the Imports and Exports ; what the Ifland has produced, and what it can produce ; nay, that *^ i( can produce 150,000 Hogiheads of Sugar C 3 every <( C( [«] " every Year; that all our Sugar Iflands, in- " eluding Jamaica^ do not produce, at a Me- ** dium, annually, above 90,000 Hogfheadsi " that Guadaloupe can produce befides, an im- ** menfe Qiiantity of Coffee and Cotton, Indigo, ** Cocoa, Ginger, l^c. That the People in London " judge partially againil this Ifland, without ** knowing any Thing about it ; that they are fo ** far prejudiced againft it, as not to allow them- *' felves to take anyjuft Information upon the " Subject i that it is the Value of Guadaloupe^ " not its Infignificancy, that has raifed fuch Op- " pofition to it } the Value, Wealth, and Pro- " duce of Guadaloupe^ is dreaded by the reft of " our Iflands, as a Rival to their private For- " tunes in the other Iflands, and they are a " powerful Party in England ; — and that the *' more the other Iflands ftruggle againft it, the " more Reafon we have to keep it, becaufe their " private Apprehenfions can only proceed from " the great Qiianiity of Sugar, Rum, Cotton, ** Coffee, ^c. that it can produce more than *' the other Iflands we have can do. 1 hat if it ** was a Thing of Infignificancy, they would en- ** tcrtain no Apprehenfions about it. That the " Exports of this Ifland to Britain and America^ ** has been as great, as any Ifland Britain has." — > After which you make the following Obferva- tions. ** Firft, That if we have not a Suffi- ,*' cicncy of Sugar Iflands to ferve Great -Britain^ •* ancj (C «( <( i( ic c« (( (( (i i( (C C( t( t( (I inds, in- t a Me- gfheads j an im. Indigo, n London without ey are fo w them- ipon the ^iialoupet Jch Op» id Pro- ? reft of te For- y are a 5iat the it, the ik their d from Cotton, re than lat if it uld en- lat the as."-, )rerva- Suffi, 'ritain^ « r 23 ] and America^ in Sugar and Rum, which I may call the NccefTaries of Life, as no Family in England can want Sugar twice a Day, and few in the North Part of America can want Rum as often * ; we ought, therefore, if poflible, to acquire more of the Sugar Iflands, at leaft as much as to fupply ourfelves, though we fhould give up all the foreign Markets to France, a Thing very oppofite to the Intereft of Britain, as no Man will difown, that it were much for our Advantage, to have more of the Sugar Trade, and allow the French as little as we can, fince it is fo plain, that the French naval Strength has in a great Meafure nrifen from that Trade, ,^ . ' , . • " Secondly, That the JVeft- Indian Iflands we have, fniall as they are, cohfume as much, if not more, of the Produce of Creah Britain, than the American Colonies do \ therefore, if the PFeJi-Indies were doubled at this Jundure, fo would the Exports from England be doubled, and the whole Trade betwixt Britain and the IVeJl-Indies •, alfo the Trade betwixt the IVeJl' Indies and America \ the Weft- Indies would de- mand double from America they do now, and , C 4 " America * This Sentence is certainly imperfcfl, but I quote it as I find it. I leave this, and fomc other Erratas in this Work, to abler Pens, viz, our periodical Critics. cc (i C( (( <( Ci ference betwixt an Englijh and a French Hogf- head ^. — But this is not the Point I am to con- tend with : I am willing to allow all that you can urge in Favour of Guadaloupe \ and fhall re- fer you only to the Terms of the Capitulation of that Ifland, at the Time it was furrendered to the Engli/h, * An Bngiifit Hogfhead generally weight from la Ct to ^7 C. a FrtHcb Hogihead f«ldom above 8 C. [ 26 ] Englijh. — If Guadaloupe is to rernain in the Pof- fcflion of the Englijh^ the French Inhabitants, who are now the Proprietors of the chief Eftates there, will no doubt be induced to fell thofe Eftates, and to return to their Mother-Country, or fix themfelves in fome of the other French Iflands ; if Guadaloupe is fo rich and valuable, thefe Ef- tates will be highly rated : And can it anfwer the Policy of the Britijh Nation, to pay her Bullion for a Sugar Ifland, when there remain fo many neutral Iflands unimproved and uncultivated ? If the BritiP} Sugar Trade is fo greatly diftrefled, as you would reprefent it, for the Want of Territory, why, at the Treaty of Aix-laChapelle in 1748, did our Minifters omit fo material an Article ? Why have we tamely fubmitted to the fettling of ') THE END. ; 3 .■ •, . 1 3t ; . i < ' uy i ' fi ^ A ... > 4- ,-> •' ■. .. J the lower Prociama- ouragement indpuntjh- ; be held People, as id : May n in every Commerce xtend our appy and : King, is ours^ &c. ■"'■■ . /• ',>* '::■ ■■ ' i '• I t > \