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MISCELLANEOUS

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From 1 50 1 to 1716.

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IN TWO VOLUMES.

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VOL. I.

tf^

e*««(»..«a;« '

VETUSTIS NOVITATEM DARE, NOVIS AUCTORITATEM,

OBSQLETIS NITOREM, OBSCURIS LUCEM, DUBIIS" FIDEM, fcc*

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MDCCLXXVIII.

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PREFACE.

AS the Public mufl: ultimately decide on the merits
of every work, and their opinion is neither to be cor-
rupted by flattery, nor biafled by prejudice, the Editor
thinks nothing elle ncccdiiry, by way of Introdu6lion, than
to open the plan of the Colledlion, and to aflign a few
reafons, for adding one more to the numerous publica-
tions of this kind, which the world is already pofTefled
of.

The principal idea which has prevailed in the choice
of the materials, has been, not to dwell too long on any
one fubjedt, or any one period ; and to feledt fuch pa-
pers, as mark moft ftrongly the charadters of celebrated
Princes and their Minifters, and illufl:rate feme memo-
rable ajra, or remarkable ferics of events. It Hems fupcr-
iluous to obferve, that the introdudions prefixed to mofl: of
the articles will conned (as far as was pradicablc) the
different divifions of the work with general hiftory, and
lead the reader's attention to fuch pouits as he may think
deferve it befl. Notes arc cccafionally infcrted at the
bottom of the page, with the fame view : and it k hoped
they will not be thought either tedious or trifling.

A 2 The

P R E F A . E.

The Editor is well aware of the difgufl: which often
arifes to a delicate tafte, from the antiquated ftyle and ftifF
phrafeology, which unavoidably occur in thefe publica-
tions of hiftorical documents. It is prefumed, however,
that many nervous and able difpatches will be %ind
here, of a remote date, which do credit to the compofitions
of thofe early times, on topics of bufinefs. And it may be
fairly aflcrted, that new lights are thrown on the conduA
.and characters of fome eminent perfons; as Burleigh,
Walfingham, Leicefter, and Charles I. ; notwithftanding
that part of our hiflory may appear to fuperficial readers
to have been already exhaufted.

Some fads and incidents of fmall importance may,
indeed, be pointed out, in the courfe of the papers, as
languid and uninterefting. But it is to be conlidered,
that in every piifiure there mull be fome fhades ; and that
it was impoffible to avoid this objedion but by giving
fcroken extrads ; by which mode the connedion and ar-
rangement of the writer's narrative and fentiments would
have been greatly difturbed. The reader will confult his
tafte, and turn over thofe pages, where nothing attrads
him; though the Editor flatters himfelf that many fuch
will not be met with. He will not attempt to recommend
himfelf at the expence of thofe who have gone before

him;

PREFACE.

him; and therefore declines giving any reafons why the
plan he has adopted may' deferve the preference.

Whoever looks into thefc Volumes will be better pre-
pared for his future entertainment, if he pleafes to confi-
der th^work before him as an hiftorical pidure galleryj
where the different modes and fafliions of upwards of two
centuries are exhibited in regular fuccefllon. The poli-
tics and fentiments of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth's time>
differ as much from thofe of William III. and of George I.
as the ruff" and fardingale in the habits of the former, from
the hoop petticoat, and long pockets of the latter. There
may be pieces of inferior mafters in the gallery; but,
doubtlefs, fome Titians and Vandykes will be diftinguidi-
ed. — The relation of the Princefs Catherine's reception,
with which we open, and of the late Qiieen of France's
marriage, w ith which we conclude, as they reprefent the
faffiions and ceremonial of the refpeclive times, may be
thought good companions to the pidlurc of the Champ
de Drap dOr, in Windfor Caftle.

The Editor cannot conclude, without acknov/kdsinfx
the ufeful afliftance which he has received from t!ie Rev.
Dr. Douglas, Refldentiary of St. Paul's. It is difficult to
fay, whether the zeal of that gentleman on every occafion,
where a friend is concerned, or the judgment and ability
which he exerts in ferving him, are mofl coiifpicuous.

7 ■ . Nothing

PREFACE..

Nothing remains but to fubmit this Colledion, with
proper refignation and deference, to the judgment of the
Public. Their information and amufcment have been the
only objcds in view ; and, it is hoped, the endeavour will
be attended with fome fuccefs.

CONTENTS

OF THE

FIRST VOLUME.

No. I.

Certain Notes taken out of the Entertainment of Katheritiz^
wife of Arthur y Prince of IFales^ OB. 1501. Page i
[From the Harleian CoUedlion.]

No. II.

Original ^Letter of Thomas Leigh^ one of the Vifttors of
the MonaflerieSy to Thomas Cromwell^ Lord Privy Seal^
dated from the Monafiery of Vale Rcyal^ Augufl 22,
1536. — — — 21

[From the Harleian CoUeaion.]

No. HI.

The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk^ the Marquis

of Exeter^ and Sir Anthony Brown^ Knight. In^

flruSiions for the levying 7nen to go againfl the Rebels in

the Norths \^Z^* — — 23

• > [From the Harleian Coliedlion.]

The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk, and the Marquis of
Exeter, being in their march toivard Doncafer, againjl the
Rebels^ O^ober 20, 1536, ■ ■ — ■ 27

■ ■ Thff

j\\i

i53<^»

CONTENTS.

The Privy Council to the Duke. Injlruflions about dealing with

the Rebels, and offering them pardon\Dec. 2, 1536, Page 27

The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk, December 6,

30
33
35
37
38

39
41
43
4<5

The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. 4, 1536-7,
The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. ^, 1536-7,
The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. 25, 1536-7,
^he Privy Council to the Duke, March 3, iSo^-J*
The Privy Council to the Duke, March 12, 1536-7,
T'he Privy Council to the Duke, March 17, 1536-7,
The Privy Council to the Duke, April 7, 1537,
The Privy Council to the Duke, April 8, 1537,

No. IV.

Roger Afchams communication with Monjteur J^Arras^

at Landau^ OSlober 1 , 1552, To Sir Richard Mory-

fon. ■ — — • 48

[From the Paper Office.]

Sir Richard Moryfon to the Lcrds of the Council^ OSlober 7,
1552, 5»

No. V.

The jfourney of the ^eens Ambaffadors unto Rome, Anno
1555. The Reverend Father in God the Bifhop of Ely^
and V if count Montague, then Ambaffadors ; lahofet out
of Calais in Picardy, on Wednefday, being Afh Wed'
day, the 2'jth of February. — 62

[From the Harleian Collection.]

• No.

C o N T E N

No. VI.
Letters concerning Calais,

T S.

Page 103

[From the Paper Office.]

The Council of Calais to the ^een^ May 2^^ IS 57* ibid.

Lot\l fVentworth, Lord Grey^ <^c. to the ^een, December

27, 1557, 104

Their confultatiortt Dec. ay ^ ^557* ibid.
The Lord JVentworthf Deputy ofCalaisy to the ^een, January

I. 1557-8, 107

Lord Wentnvorth to the ^een, Jan. 2, 1557-8, 109

Lord Grey to the ^een, Jan. 4, 155*7-8, 113

Mr, HighfieWs account ofthejiege and lofs of Calais t 114

No. VII.

Letters from Sir Nicholas Throkmorton^ Amhaffador in

France, — — - 121
[From the Paper Office.]

To Secretary Cecily OSl. 28, 1 560, — ^ ibid.

To Secretary Cecilt 0^.31, 1560, 124

To the ^ecHi Nov. 17, 1560, 125

To Secretary Cecily Nov. 17, 1560, — 144

^0 Secretary Cecily Nov. iSy 1560, 146

*To the ^een, Nov. sS, 1560, — 147

To Secretary Cecily Nov. aSt 1560, — 153

To the ^eeuy Nov. aSy 1560, — — ■ 155

To Secretary Cecil, Nov. 2gy 1560, — — 157

To the ^teeuy Nov. 2^, 1560, — 159

To Secretary Cecily Dec. i, 1560, — — ^ 161

Vol. I.

No.

CONTENTS.

No. viir.

Mr. Jones to Sir- Nicholas Tbroktnortm^ Ambaffttdor- in
France. — — Page 163

[From the Original, in the poffeffion of thb Earl t>f Hardwicke.]

No. IX. v

Letiers from Sir William Cecil., and' from the Earl of

Bedford^ to Sir Nicholas *ftrokntortony . Ambaffddor in

France, —^ — « 170

[From the Originals, in- the ppfleifibn of, the Earl of Hardwicke.]

Fromr^inWillitm Cec'd t(k Sir Nt Throkmorioftf Majtf 156 1,

ibid.
From the Same to the Samci Jkiyi^f 1561, 173

Eiidof^B^ford toThfokmortonr July^t I5<^i»< 175

From Cecil to Throkmorton, jiug. zb, 1561, 176

From the Same to the Same, Dec. 82, 1561^ 177

N«. X; .'•— ■ ■

A. note of confultation had at Greenwich ^-^xwao May 1561,.
by the Queens Majefiys commandment^ upon a requefl
made to her Majejly by the King of Spaifks Ambaffador^
that the Abbot of Martinengo being Nuntio from the
Pope^ and arriving at Bru<^^ells, might come into the
realm with letters from tbs Pope and other Princes to the
^een. — — 180

[Copied from the Advocates Library at Edinburgh.]

No.

Contents.

No. XI.
Hmry Earl of Hunthtgdoriy to the Earlof Leic.eftery April

^i5'63. — — Page 187

[From tht Original iri the Britifli Mufeum.]

No. XII-

Letters from the ^een of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk^ 189
[From Dr. Forbes's CoUeillon, in the pofleffion of the Earl of

Hardwicke.]
From the ^leen of Stots to the Duke of Norfolk^ 'Jan. 31,

1569-70,

From the Same to the Samcj March 19, 1 569-70,
From the Same tt> the Sttmey May 17, 1570,
•From the SamfJo^,ti)e Same, June 14, 1570,
From the Sami^^t;)^h€ Sdmcy --r— -*-

1 'S.x ^ No. XUK

19a
191
192
193
194

Lettirs from Sir Ednoarti^ Smfford^ Amhaffador in iFrtmcem
[From tliei Originals in the Paper Office.] ' 196

■Sir Edward St^^bkd to the^ueeuy Dec.i* JS&^.i . . 197
Sir E. Stafford to Secretary Walfinghamt Dec. ly ijSj, 204
Sir Edward Stafford to the ^eefiy Dec. 10, 1583, 208

Sir Edward Stafford to Lord Burleigh, Dtc. 19, 1583, 212
Copy of a private letter to Mr. Secretary, about the Anfwer of
that he 'writ to me of my Lord Paget, — — 2 15

Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een, 215

No. XIV.

From the ^een of Scots to Charles Paget^ May 20, 1586'.
[From Dr. Forbe«*8 CQUe<aion, in the pofleffion of the Earl of

Hardwicke.] si3

a 8 No.

■ U ' - l Hf t i»P

sli

CONTENTS;

No. XV.

Evidence againfi the ^een 9/ Scots, Page 224

[From a Copy of the Trial in the poffeffionof the Earl of Hardwicke.]

No. XVI.

A Letter from Sir Edward Stafford, Ambajjador in France,

to the ^een, with one to Lord Treafurer Burleigh, in-

clofingit, — — 251

[From the Original in the Paper Office.]

Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een, Feb. 25, 1 587-8, ibid.

Sir Edward Stafford to the Lord Trea/urer, Feb. 26, 1 587, 264

No. xvir.

A brief Difcourfe, containing the true and certain manner
how the late Duke ofGuife, aud the Cardinal of Lorraine
his brother, were put to death at B/ois, the 1 4M of De-
cember 1588, forjundry confpiracies and treafons prac-
ticed by them againji their Sovereign the French King;
wherein is farther declared the imprifonment offome other
of the confpirators and leaguers, with divers other circum-
flances and matters happening thereupon, Written unto
our late ^een Elizabeth, by Sir Edward Stafford, at
that time her Ambaffador in the court of France, 266
[From the Harleian ColIe£tion.]

No. XVJII.

Letters to andfro?n Lord Leicejler, in the Lomo Countries,
[From the Originals in the Cotton Library.] 297

Lord

CONTENTS.

xiu

Lord Burleigh to Lord Leicejier^ Feb. 7, 1586, Page 297

Mr. Thomas Duddeley to Lord Leicejler, Feb. 11, 1586, 1198
Mr. Davifon to the Earl ofLeiceJler^ Feb. 17, 1 586, 201

Earl of Leicejler to Sir Francis JVal/inghamt Feb. 8, 311

Earl of Leicejler to the Lords of the Privy Councily Feb. 8,

1585-6. 31^

Earl of Leicejler* s letter to Mr. Davifon^ expojlulating zvitb
him, and Mr. Davifon* s notes in the margin upon it, March 10,
1585-6 318

The Anfiver of the Council of State to the ^een of England*^
Letter of the iph of February I ^Bsy . 321

Earl of Leicejler to the Lords of the Council , March 27,

1586, ■ ibid.

i Extra^ of my Lord of Leicejler* s letter of the ^th of April,
158<5, 323

Lord Burleigh to the Earl of Leicefler, 334,

' ' No. XIX.

Letters from Sir Philip Sidney to the Earl ofLeiceJier, 330
[From the Originals in the Cotton Library.]

Sir Philip Sidney to Lord Leicejler, Feb. 2, 1586, ibid.

The fame to the famCt Feb. 9,1^86, 33a

No. XX.

Papers about a private Treaty with Spain. 334.
[From the Originals in the Cotton Library.]

Lord Burleigh to Andreas de Loo, • ibid.

Earl of Leicejler to Lord Burleighy Sept. 30, 1587, 340

Earl of Leicejler to Lord Burleigh, OSi. 30, 1587, 346

Earl of Leicejler to the Lords of the Council^ Nov. 6, 1587, 351

Sir

C ON TENT S.

'Sir Francis Walfingham to the Earl of Leicejlcr^ 0S1. 9, 1 587,

;v Page 357

. Sir Francis Walfingham to the Earl of Lcicejier, Nov. 12, iffi;,

No. XXI.

Letters from Sir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward
Stafford^ A^nbaffador at the court of France, 361

[From the Originals in the Paper Office.]
Zir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, Sept. 8,

1588, ibid.

Sir Francis' Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, Sept. 30, 364
■ Sir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, 0^, 1 9, 365:

The fame to the fame, 05i, 20, 367

Sir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, Nov, 10, 368
Sir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, Nov. 38, 369
Sir Francis Walfingham to Sir Edward Stafford, Dec. 10, 370

No. XXII.

>.u

Letter of Henry Cuffe^ Secretary to Robert Earl of Effexy
to Mr, Secretary Cecily declaring the effeSi of the in-
flruEiions framed by the Earl of Effex, and delivered to
the Ambaffador of the King of Scots ^ touching his title to
the crown of England'^ which letter was written after
Cuffes condemnation, — — . 372

[From a G>py in the poiTefllon of the Earl of Hardwicke.J

No. XXIII.

C O N T E N T S.

No. xxni.

7?w Letters of Sir Dudley Carktoriy afterward Vifcount
Dorchejiery concerning Sir W, Raleigh* s plot \ inclofed
in the following letter from Mr, Dudley Carleton to Phi-
lip Lord Pf^harton* — Page 377
[From the Wharton PaperSi)]
Mr. Dudley Carleton to Lord Whorton^i Feb; 14^ 165 1, ibid.
Sir Dudley Carkton to Mr; John Chamhrlami' Nov, 27,

1603, 378:

The fame to the fame, Dec, 1 1, i<$03, — — > 387

No. XXIV.

Mr, Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carlton at Turin j March

IS> i6j4^ — — 394.

[From the Paper Office.]

No. XXV.
The' Earl: of Buckingham to Mr, Secretary Winwood^ ,
March 2S, 1617. — — 398

[From a Copy taken by Mr. Sawyer,]
No. XXVI.
Piapers relative to the Spanifh matchi — 399;

[From the Harlcian MSS. in the Britifh Mufeum.]
King James to the Prinee and Duh of Bitckingham, Feb^ 26,

ibid.
401

403
' 404
406
408
The

1622-3,

The Prime and Duke to King fames, March 10,
The Prince and Duke to King James, ——

King James to the Prince and Duke, March ij*,
King James to the Prince and Duke, March 17, .
The Prince and Duke to King James, March 1 7,

XVI

CONTENTS.

DuJte of Buckingham to King James, — Page 410

King James to the Prince and Dukci March aj*, 1623, 411

The Prince and Duke to King James, March 27, 413

King James to the Prince and Duke, jipril 10, ibid.

7he Prince and Duke to King James, April 23, 414

The Prince and Duke to King James, jipril 27, • 416

Prince Charles to King James, April 2^, — — 417

Duke of Buckingham to King James, y^pril 29, 418

King James to the Prince and Duke, May 11, 419

The Prince and Duke to King James, June 6, ibid.

King James to the Prince and Duke, June 14, 42 1

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 26, 422

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 27, 423

Duke of Buckingham to Secretary Conuay, June 29, 425

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 2g, ibid.

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, July 15, 426

King James to the Prince and Duke, July 3 1 , 428

Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, July 23, 429

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, July 29, 432

Duke of Buckingham to King James, July 30, 433

Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug. 5, 436

Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug,b, 444

King James to the Prince and Duke, Aug. 5. 445:

Secretary Calvert to Secretary Conivay, Aug. 8^ 446

King James to the Prince, Aug. 10, 44.7

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, Aug, 20. 448

Prince Charles and the Duke to King Jajnes, Aug. 30, 449

The Infanta to King James, Aug. 30, 450

Duke of Buckingham to King James, September r^ 451

Prince Charles to the Pope, — — . — — 4^2

Duke of Buckingham to King James, — — — — 454

9 Prince

CONTENTS.

x«i

Page 410

411

413

ibid.

414

416

417

418

419

ibid.

421

, 422

4«3

425

, ibid.

426

428

3» 489

432

433

5. 436

>. 444

445

446

4+7

3. 448

3i 449

450

451

452

454

Prince

45^

457
458-
460
461

463

4^5
466

46S

469
470

47*

Prince Charles to the Duke of Buckinghaniy Jpril 26^ 1624,

Page 45^
Prince Charles to the Duke 0/ Buckingham ^
King James to the Duke of Buckingham^ ■ —

Prince Charle.' to the Duke oj Buckingham^ — •
Duke of Buckingham to King James ^ — —

Duke of Buckingham to King fames^ .

Duke of Buckingham to King fames^ -■

Duke of Buckingham to King James^ -

Duke of Buckingham to King James, •

Duke of Buckingham to King Jamcs^ — — .

Duke of Buckingham to King James,

Duke of Buckingham to King James^ ■

Duke of Buckingham to King James., >

No. XXVII.

The Spanijh match continued ; the Earl of Brijlufs Letters,
[From the Original in the Paper Oflice,]
Earl of Bri;!ol to Secretary Cilvcrt, 0^.24, 1623,
Earl of Biijlol to the Kingy Aug, 29, - -

The Same to the Same, Sept. 9, —

The Same to the Same, Sept. 24, —

The Same to the Same, Oct. 24, ■

IVje Same to the Same, N'ov. 26, ■

Earl of Brifol and Sir Walter Ajlon to the Same, Dec. 26, 400
'\Ihe Anfwer to the Earl cf Bvijlol to certain interrogatories in-
tended for his Majejlys private fatifaHion, ivith a refcrve
far a per miffion- of making recourfe tofuch other things as may
he farther necejjary to his clearing;, ^y^

No. XXVIII.

Papers relative to the French match, 523

[From the Original in the poflfeflion of the Earl of Ilardwicke.]
Vol. I. b Eroiji

4 7.?

ibid.
476

479
481

^88

XV in

CONTENTS.

Vrom Secretary Cotmay to Lord Carlijle and Lord Holland^

yf«^. 12, 1624, Pagej23

From Walter Montague to the Eart of Carlijle, ja6

JProm Lord Carlijle to the Duke of Buckingham, OSl. 2, 528
•—— In the Earl qJ Carlijle s hand-writings • ^31

From Secretary Conway to the Amhajfadors^ 061. s, 53 a

From Lord Carlijle to the PriucCf OSl, 7, ^oj

From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Holland^ 051. 18,

' 536

From Mr, Lor kin to the Lords Carlijle and Hol/andy 0^. 11, 54a

From the Same to the Same, OSl. 21, ■ ^^r

Copy of the Secret EJcrit prejented by the French Amhajfadors^

and avowed to be the Jame agreed on betiveen them and his

Majejly^s Amhajfadors in France ^ Nov. i8, 546

From Secretary Conway to Lords Carlijle and Holland, Dec. 23,

547

From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Conway, 549

From Lord Carlijle to the Duke of Buckingham, Feb. 16, 1624-5,

From Mr. Thomas Lorkin to the Lords Carlijle, &c. Feb. 1 2, g^^

From Secretary Conway to Lord Carlijle, Feb. 24, j^g

The Duke of Buckingham to Lord Carlifle, March 15, 561

From Secretary Conway to the Same, March 1 6,

From the Same to the Same, March 24,

From the Same to the Same, April i?, 1625,

From the Same to the Same, jipril 28,

From the Same to Lords Carlijle and Holland, May 5,

Account of the vqftly rich Clothes of the Duke of Buckingham^

the number of his Servants, and of the noble Perfonages in

his Train, when he -went to Farts, A. D, 1 625, to bring

pver ^een Henrietta Maria^ — — ■ ^71

562

564

565

567

N i

568

570

1/9 *M

"1
.1,

A P P E N-

CONTENTS.

XIX

I X.

No. I.

Letter of Richard the Third to the Bifiop of Lincoln,
[From the Harleian Library.] Page 573

No. ir.

The Ear! of Leicejier to ^een Elizabeth^ July 27, 1588.
[From the Originals in the Paper Office.] ^j^

No. IIL

Letters from the Commanders of the Fleets about the Spa-

nijh Armada, — 579

[From the Originals in the Paper Office.]
From Sir Francis Drake to Secretary fVal/in^ham, from aboard
the Revenue, June 2 4^ 1588, ibid.

From the Lord Admiral to the Same, July 6, 1588, ?8o

Sir Francis Drake to the Lord Henry Seymour^ July a i, 583
From the Same to Secretary Walftnghami July ^i^ 1588, 584
From the Same to the ^een, Aug. 8, 1588, 585

From the Same to Secretary Wal/mghami Aug. 10, 1588, j'S^

1.1

R R A

Mod of which are Miltakes of. the Tranfcriber of the Original MSS.

Page 46. line 23. /er blotted out, rw*/ bolted out.

JO. Z';. yir Roan, read Rhine.

6g, 30. _/or Chenevy, /m*/ Geneva.

86. 22. /er Sunday, rr<7^ Saturday.

94> 7, yiir not unpunidieJ, rra</ unpunifhed.

9;. ! I, yir which marble, r/a<^ white marble.

24. for pltdges, rtaei page?.

113. &c. /or Newhaveiibridge, r/<j</ Newnambridge.

Ii8« 1 5. /or both, ««(/ loth.

izii 15. /«r remarkable, rftfi/ remarkably.

131, 24. /i)r move, r^«d' give.

350, 10. /or told, rMi/" bold.

353* 7- /<"■ defend, riad offend.

399. I ?. for though a man of Honour, read in the main a man of Honour.

409. 5. from bottom, for com?, riad Rome.

433* ?• /""■ '° '^^^ ourfclves, read to part ourfelves.

S5?v 8. /or 'tis inflexible, rfa<y us inflexible.

556, 20. f$r promiffd, read pr.-mifed.

5J8W for From the Satne to Lord Doncafter, read, From the Siine to
the Same.

MISCELLANEOUS

STATE PAPERS,

C, ^C, ^C.

>n of Honour.

No. I.

Certain Notes taken out of the Entertainment of Kathe- HarieUn
rine, PFife ^Arthur, Prince of Wales ^ OSi, 1501. 69. 25.

[This is printed * as a curious fpecimen of State ceremonial during
times^ when the pomp, order, and magnificence of Courts were
kept up to the height. The Princefs too, who was the occafion
of it, was innocently, but unfortunately for herfelf, the fource
of great events.]

T T is ordained, that my Lord Steward f , and the other perfons
•*" thereto appointed, be attending upon the Princefs in their barks,
fomewhat before (he come to Gravefend, and there hail and falute
in the befl manner they can ; and that the minftrels fail not to do
their parts as accordeth to them, and as foon as her ihip fhall be
fallen to an anchor, the faid Lord Steward and all other Nobles fhall
go into the Ihip wherein the faid Princefs fhall be, and after the

* In the fifth volume of the laft edition of
Leland's ColIeAanea, p. 352, &c. is a narra-
tive of the Princefs Katherine's arrival and
reetptien. Sec. ; but it differs entirely from what
is here laid before the public; containing only
her journey from Plymouth, where flie landed,
to Kennington near Lambeth, where (he con-

Vol. L *

tinued till every thing was prepared for her
public entry ; the particulars of which, never
before printed, are the fubjefl of the prel'cnt
article. A Narrativt ef tht juftt, banqucti,
and difguifingi, after the marriage, may be
fcen in the above volume of the Colleflanea,
from p. 3j6, to p. 373. t Lord Brooke.

King's

STATE PAPERS.

iiii'

HENRY K-ing'fl commendations made by my faid Lord Steward ; the Queen's
by her Chamberlain, and tlie Prince's, by his Chamberlain, in Inch
form as tlicy fliall be by them commanded ; the Prior of C^anterbury
Hiall fliy the proportion, after the which, my faid Lord Steward Ihall
flicw, or caiifc.do be fliewed to liic faid Princcfs, that the King's
Grace, tenderly confidering her great and long pain and travel upon
the lea, would full gladly that Ihe had landed and lodged for the
night at Gravefend : but forafmuch as the plague was there of late,
and that is not yet clean purged thereof, the King would not that
ihe fliould be put in any fuch adventure or danger, and therefore
his Grace hath commanded the bark to be prepared and arrayed for
her lodging: wherefore he fhall on the King's behalf defire her,
for her more eafe and relief, to depart out of her own flaip into the
faid bark ; declaring to her alfo, that in the fame Ihe fhall be con-
veyed to tbe city of London : and if it fliall pleafe the faid Princefs
fo to do, my faid Lord Steward fliall fee that flie fliall be well and
honourably entreated and entertained, in every behalf, and that flie
be ferved in the faid bark of her diets, as appertaineth ; and though
the faid Princefs will not in any wife depart out of her fliip into the
faid bark, before fuch time as fhe fliall be flrait conveyed into the
city, the King's commandment yet is, that flie have the faid diets
and all fuch vi<fhials and wines as be provided for her, fent her in
her fliip, and there ferved with the fame.

/iemj That there be certain Ladies appointed by the Queen's
Grace, to give their attendance upon the faid Princefs, that is to-
fay, the Dutchefs of Norfolk and fix women : the Countefs of Kent
and four women : the Countefs of Salop and four women : the Lady
Hungerford and two women : the Lady Grey, wife to the Earl of
Kent's fon, and two women : the Lady Abergavenny and two
women : the Lady Cobham and two women : Dame Catherine
Grey and one woman : Dame Jane Guilford and one woman :.
Dame Elizabeth Vaux and one woman: Dame Elizabeth Darcy
and one woman: Dame Marg;aret Poyntz and one woman:
^ Dame

STATEPAPERS. 5

Dame Ann Tyrrel and one woman: Dame Eleanor Wynd- ^*\Y||^^
ham and one woman: Dame Tomazin Rifle and one woman:
Dame Ifabella Poynings and one woman : Dame Siblll Scott and
one woman : Dame Jane Darrell, wife to Sir Edward Darrell, and
one woman : Dame Mary Lewis, wife to Sir Richard Lewis, and one
woman : Dame Beautrix Tyrrel, wife to Sir Thomas Tyrrel, and one
woman : Mrs. Hungerford, wife to the fon and heir of Sir Walter
Hungerford: Mrs. Wynham: Mrs. Fettyplace: Mrs. Ruflfel : Mrs.
Katherine Griffith, wife to the fon and heir of Sir Rice ap Thomas :
Mrs. Elizabeth Calthrop : and letters of the fame intent forthwith
to be fent by the Queen's Grace to the faid Ladies, and all other
Ladies, that fhall give any attendance, or do any fervicc at this
feafl, be forthwith written out to prepare them for their attendance :
and that they be advertifed by the fame letters, to be ready upon an
hour's warning, to come at fuch time, and at fuch place as ihall be
afligned unto them by the Queen's fecond letters : and that William
Hollibrand, one of the Cuflomers of London, for the caufe fol-
lowing, be then attending the faid Dutchefs : and that the Queen's
Chamberlain call diligently upon the faid letters to be fent out unto
the faid Ladies, and give unto them warning at their coming, how
they fhall order themfelves for the faid intent in every behalf.

Itenii That the faid Dutchefs and Ladies in their barges, be attend-
ing upon the faid Princefs, in the faid place where fhe fhall lie at
anchor, by the fpace of one at the leafl, before fhe depart

thence ; whereof they Ihall have the more certain knowledge by my
faid Lord Steward : and at their coming thither, they fhall go to the
faid Princefs, to whom William Hollibrand, in as humble manner,
and with as good fpecch as he can ufe, fhall fliew that the faid
Dutchefs of Norfolk, and the other Ladies there, being prefent by
the King's commandment, be come to vifit and welcome her to the
realm, to give her their attendance, to do her the fervice that may
be to them polfible, and convey her to her lodging: wherefore the

B 3 faid

4 STATEPAPERS.

^^ ^vn'^ ^ ^^^^ Dutchefs and Ladies moft humbly befeech her, thug to accept
her and them, and to command them her good pleafare : and my
Lord Chamberlain haih the charge to give inilrudion to Hollibrand
for the ordering of himfelf according to the premifes,

ftef/iy That certain Lords, fpiritual and temporal, be in likewife
the fame time attending at the fame place, to receive and convey the
the faid Princefs by water, in their barges, to London : that is to fay,
Biflaop of Norwich and Rochefter, in one barge : the Earl of Arun-
dell and the Lord Maltravers, in another : the Earl of Eflex, and
my Lord Montjoy, in another : my Lords of Abergavenny, Delawar,
and Clinton, in another : the Lords Howard, Berneis, and
Dacres, in another : the Abbots of St. Auftin, and Battle, in
another : and that the fame Lords, in the company of the faid
Dutchefs, vifit the Princefs in her fliip. My Lord Chamberlain
hath taken upon him the warning of thofe Lords.

Item, That femblable letters, as the letters that the Queen's
Grace fhall write to the Ladies, whereof is mention made before, be
forthwith fent by the King's Grace, not only to the faid Lords
and Nobles, but alfo to all others that (hall give attendance or do
any fervice at this feaft: and as foon as the King's Grace fhall
have certain knowledge of the place, port, and time, that the faid
Princefs fhall be tranfported to, then both his Grace and the Queen
with all diligence fend forth the faid fecond letters : and that in
the faid fecond letters, the time and place when and whereunto,
the Lords, Ladies, and others fhall come, be fpeciaUy exprefled,
and that every Bifhop and Abbot be advertifed to bring with them
their pontificals ; and of thefe both firfl and fecond letters, and the
fending of them forth, fhall have the charge, the King and Queen's
Secretaries.

//^;«, The liiid Princefs fhall alfo be met about the Black- Wall,
with the flates following : that is to fay, the Duke of Bucks in one
barge : the Biihop of Bath in another : the Biihop of Exeter ia

another :

■•■I!

■»v--»T.'

to accept
!: and my
^ollibrand

in likewife
;onvey the
t is to lay,
; of Arun-
£flex, and
, Delawar,
neis) and
Battle, in
F the faid
amberlain

; Queen's

before, be

ud Lords

ice or do

race fhall

: the faid,

le Queen

that in

tiereunto,

xprefled,

th them

and the

Queen's.

ck-WaU,
s in one
xeter ia
another :

STATEPAPERS. 5

another : the Earl of Northumberland in another : the Earl of Kent ^ ^^J^^^ ^
in another : the Lords Saintmound and Stourton in another : the
Abbot of Glaftonbury in another : the Abbot of Abingdon in
another. My Lord Chamberlain fliall advertife them of their
attendance.

Item, The Mayor and Crafts of London fhall meet her, in their
feveral barges, after their manner accuftomed, at Deptford, and
every of thefe barges Ihall hail and falute her in the beft manner
they can, and row about behind, and upon the fides of her Ihip,
and of this attendance to be given by the Mayor and others, my
Lord Chamberlain hath the charge to give warning unto them, and
when they fliall come upon the water, then they to be ordered
by my Lord Steward.

Item, That for the more furety of the faid barks and barges,
and to make the more fpace and room for the paflage of the
fame upon the Thames, it is ordained that Mr. Robert Rydon,
Under Admiral, fliall take fuch provifion, that all the fliips that
fliall fortune to be then in the Thames, be laid as nigh unto the
flicre, as they may be on the one fide of the Thames, whereof my
Lord Chamberlain fliall advertife the faid Mr. Rydon.

Itemf That the Lords, Ladies, and all others, order them with
their bargesj about the bark of the faid Princefs, in the manner
following: that is to fay, my Lord of Bucks, and all that come
in his company, to keep them upon the right hand of the faid
Princefs : and the Lords that meet her firft, upon the left fule, and
all the Ladies and fliip boats, to come after her, and the Mayor
and Crafts of London, to go before her : and that they have warn-
ing thereof by my Lord Steward : and at the coming of the faid
Princefs in the wharf of the Tower of London, Ihe fliall be fct
on land on the weft-fide of St. Thomas's Tower, as it is 100 feet
from the Tower-gate, and there flie Ihall be received with my Lord
of Yorke, the King's fecond fon, accompanied with the Lords and

t Nobles.

STATE PAPERS.

HENRV
VII.

li nil

•' ill!;

I III'!

Noblei following: that is to fay, the Archbifhop of York, the

Bifhop of Durham, the Earl of Suffolk, the Earl of Shrewibury,

the Lord Harrington, the Lord Strange, the Lord Haftings, the

Lord Willoughby, the Lord Zouch, the Lord William of Devon,

the Lord William of Suffolk, the Abbot of Weilminfter, the Abbot

of St. Albans : Sir Edward Stanley, Sir Edward Daniel, Sir Nicholas

Vaux, Sir Thomas Cheney, Sir Thomas Green, Sir William

Terwitt, Sir Thomas Brandon, Sir John Longueville, Sir Marma-

duke Conftable, Sir John Saville, Sir William Gafcoigne, Sir John

Huflcy, Sir Henry Heydon, Sir William Boleine, Sir Robert

Broughton, Sir Hugh Conway, Sir John Rainford, Sir Henry

Marney, Sir Richard Lewis, Sir Pierce Edgcumbe, Sir John Pafion,

Sir Philip Calthrop, Sir Robert Brandon, Sir Thomas Wentworth,

Sir John Ferris, Sir Thomas Rotheram, Sir John Audley of Suffolk,

Sir Thomas Bryan, Sir Edward Rawley, Sir John Verney, Sir

John Digby, Sir Robert Clere, Sir Henry Willoughby, Sir Edward

Stanhope, Sir John Wingfield, Sir Robert Paynton, Sir Thomas

Bawde : and all thefe, with their fervants waiting upon them, fome

upon the one fide, and fome upon the other, after their honor and

degree, Ihall be ranged in an order upon the wharf of the Tower,

by Sir Thomas Lovell, calling unto him the King's Marfhal, and

the Officers of the Marfhalfea, and to call all the faid Lords and

Nobles together, and advertife them of that, to them is appointed,

and to caufe them to order them accordingly to the fame. The

Bifhop of Durham and Sir Thomas Lovell have taken the charge

upon them.

It is to be remembered that no barge attending upon the faid
Princefs, take upon them to land in any place, neither upon the
one fide, nor upon the other of the Thames, but always to hover
till the Princefs be landed, and then depart to their lodgings at
their pleafure, except the Ladies, the Duke of Bucks, and the
Earls, which fliall land with her, and convey her to her lodging ;
2 and

y vi

rork, the
rewfbury,
ings, the
f Devon,
he Abbot
Nicholas
William
Marma-
Sir John
r Robert
r Henry
n Pailon,
intworth,
•Suffolk,
ney, Sir
Edward
Thomas
m, fome
>nor and
! Tower,
hal, and
)rds and
•pointed,
e. The
; charge

the faid
pen ihe
hover
jings at
ind the
odging ;
and

STATEPAPERS. 7

and that my Lord Steward give unto them warning and charge ^^^^^
of the fame.

It is appointed that the gate of the wharf of the faid Tovrer
towards St. Kalherine's at the one end, be fpied all the day, that
the Princefs (hall arrive, and the other gate at the other end of
the faid wharf toward London, be kept by Officers of the
Marflialfea, and the King's Bench, that no man enter by the
fame, but fuch only as fhall attend upon my Lord of Yorke,
and fuch honeft perfons as Ihall be thought convenient by the
difcretion of the faid Sir Thomas Lovell ; and that the fame Officera
of the Marlhalfea and King's Bench keep all the faid wharf,
that no man land there by boats, and that the bridge over the
Tower-ditch be furely made of a meet largencfs, and fufficiently
railed on both fides, and the ward-houfe before the gate taken
away, or fet apart: and afore the time the faid Princefs fhall
lodge in the Tower, her company fhall lodge in the City at the
Harbigage of the Mayor and his Officers, as nigh the Tower
as conveniently may be done, or with their acquaintance lodging
within the Tower, and then depart to their lodgings at their
pleafure, if they fhall fo like ; and the faid Sir Thomas Lovell hath
taken upon him the whole charge and execution of this article.

Itenii It is thought convenient that the fa'd Princefs fhall lodge
in the Tower in the King's lodging, the fame to be apparelled
by my Lord Chamberlain, and there to refl two days or more, as
fhall pleafe the King's Grace, and as the cafe fhall require.

ItetUy The Qiieen's lodging, and fix more of the beft chambers
within the Tower, be apparrelled and drefTed for the Ladies of
the faid Princefs ; and that this be done by Sir Charles Somerfet^
and Sir Thomas Lovell.

Item, At the coming of the faid Princefs to the Tower of London,
and for the time of her refting there, it is thought that my Lord
Steward fhall provide for the diets of the faid Lady, under the

form

STATE PAPERS.

T
,::tr

''.'}M'

^Vti^"^ fbrra following: that Is to fay, for a chamber for herfelf, a
chamber for her Ladies, a chamber for her Lords and other
Nobles, and that the gates being kept, that as few enter in the
fame, except only ftrangers and honeft perfons, as may be, but
only the officers and purveyors for the houfehold, and fuch as
fiiall be commanded by the King, or appointed to do fervice or
attendance for the time, and during the feaft, at Paul's and Weft-
minfler, and alfo for the time that the King ihall afterwards be
at his manor of Richmond, or his caftle of Windfor, or any other
place, till the Spaniards have taken their leave: the Lords and
Ladies with their menial fervants to have free refort at every meal
to the King's houfe.

Itetti, When the Princefs fhall diflodge out of the Tower, it is
appointed, that then my Lord of Yorke, and all the other Lords
and Nobles that have given their attendance tince fhe was firfl: met,
be ready at the faid Towfir on horfeback, to convey her to the weft
door of the church of St. Paul's, and that no perfon but only the
fliid Lords, and fuch gentlemen as (hall await upon them, be on
horfeback, and that no Lord or other have any more fervants attend-
ing upon him on foot, but only as foUoweth : that is to fay, my
Lord of Yorke 1 2, the Archbifhop of Yorke 4, the Duke of Bucks 4,
every Bifhop and Earl 3, every Baron 2, and every Knight and
Efquire i ; and that they, and every of them have thereof adver-
tifement by my Lord Chamberlain, and that two of the King's
fervants appointed by my Lord Chamberlain, give their attendance
upon the faid Lords and Nobles, to caufe them to keep this ordinance :
and my faid Lord of Abergavenny, having attending upon him for
iliis time the officers of arms, hath taken upon him to put into due
order the faid Lords and Nobles, as appertalneth to their degrees
and eftatcs, and in the fame order to keep them from their departing
out of the Tower, to their coming to the faid weft door.

erfelf, a
id other
r in the
be, but
fuch as
ervice or
ad Weft-
^ards be
,ny other
srds and
ery meal

ver, it is

er Lords

firft met,

the weft

only the

be on

s attend-

fay, my

Bucks 4,

ght and

f adver-

Klng*s

endance

inance :

lim for

into due

degrees

parting

.^f

STATEPAPERS. 9

Itefff, That a rich litter, be ready to receive and convey the faid "^^j*^^
Princefs to the weft door of the church of St. Paul's. v,— v — '

Itemt That .three borfemen in fide-faddle and harnefs, all oF one
fuit, be arrayed by the Mafter of the Queen's Horfe, to follow next
to the faid Princefs's litter.

Item, That a fair. palfrey with a pillion, richly arrayed, and led
in hands for the faid Princefs, do follow next unto the faid
Horfemen.

Item, That ti palfreys in one fuit, be ordained for fuch Ladies,
attending upon the faid Princefs, as ihall follow next unto the
fa'd pillion.

Item, That 5 charres diverfely apparrelled for the Ladies and
Gentlewomen, be ready the fame time at the Cud Tower, whereof,
one of the chief muft be richly apparrelled and garnifhed for the
faid Princefs, and the other four to ferve fuch Ladies as (hall be
appointed by the Queen's Chamberlain, and that the fame follow
in fuch order as the faid Chamberlain ihall appoint*

Item, That betwixt every of the faid charres, there be 5 or 6
palfreys of fiich Ladies, as fhall come to the feaft, fc^ the attendanoe
given upen the. Queen's Grace.

Item, That the iame Chamberlain have alfo the ordering of the
faid palfreys, as well as of the charres, and if there fortune any
jAore charres to come than above is affigned, then the fame to
be ordered by the faid Chamberlain.

Item, It is to be remembred, that fome wife and expert perfon
.or perfons be afligned by the King and the Queen for the pur-
veyance of the faid litter, palfreys, charres, and the apparels
that &all be ncceflary for the lame, and that this be done with
aU fpeed, for the cafe it requireth.

Item, That the Mayor, Gttzens and Crafts attend upon the faid

Princefs at the Crofs in Cheap, in fuch manner, and in fuch folemn

pageants and ceremonies as they have devifed for the honor of

. C the

Mi-

ll*'

1',
I

"!|i

S r A t E PAPER S.

^ vn^^ the City, and of the fcaft, "whereof my tor<l Abtfrga^feiihj' hath

'ijfc

the charge.

//;*«, That the fald Pi^ihcefs be ^flveyed thifo* 4hi~feigh ftrceta
of London, in fitth '<iaife accuflfomed, ftfait to thfe Weft dobif of
Paul'si Whire ifhe ftall be I'eceived with j^ocefflbn; by the
Archbiilhoj) of Canterbury in pOtitificaUbu^, acccSnt^ahted vnih a
good 'number of iuch Prelates, all likewife in pbiitificanbusi
as he ihdIK call to him : and from the faid' door, With the'icho^r
of th'i tlfui-ch; proceffionally to bring h'^r to the" high ahar, and
there to do fuch cerenibnies as ih fucK' tfafe is acciiflramed ; and
ari:er her offering, to b6 conveyed to the little door agaihft .the
confiftOry "that leadeth into the palace, and fo forth brought to
her chamber within the faid palace. And for her long travel
and labor, it is thought that fhe {hould tarry in the faid palace
one day, at the lead before the day of her marriage, and more as
the cafe (hall require, and as it (hall pleafe the King, a !. ] ;:■■

Itenij That her Ladies and Gentlemeri be lodged In the t)ean*»
and Canon's lodgings, and other honed houfes adjoining to the
laid palace, by Whiting and Trefry Gentlemen Uflxers, by thf
overfight and ordering of my Lord Chamberlain and Sir. Charleft
Somerfet, and thilt a confideratibn be had that they be lodged
after their honours and degrees.

It is appointed that after the faid Princefa hath refted her in
her chamber by the fpace of an hobr or thereabouts, that then
the faid Priiicefs in her litter accompamed with the Dutchefs, of
Norfblk in her litter, and certain other Ladies, fome of the Queen's,
and fome of the faid Princefs's at the Queen's nomination, and
alio xertain Lords to be appointed by the King for th^ attendance
given upon the Lords of Spain, fiiall be conveyed by Paul's chain,
down Lambert's hill, to the King and the Queen being at Bay-
nard's Caftle: and that my Lord of Oxford receive her at her
lighting wliich (hall be wiihin the court, and bring her if?*o the

iv:ng $

STATE PAPERS.

King'* great chamber, and my Lord Chamberlain halh the charge H E N R Y
of giving advertifement to the Earl of Oxford.

Itemt That iLaq^bert'd , hill {hall be fanded hj the Maydr of
London againljt ,the .fame timet whereof my Lord Abergavenny
fhall give him ad.vertilement, and that the Serjeant Porter be
warned, that no manner of perfon enter the gate in charre, neither
on horfeback^ but only the faid Princefs and fuch other Nobles
and Ladies as (hall accompany her: my Lord Chamberlain hath
the charge of the execution of this article: and Sir Charles Somet-fet
is to forefee that the King's guard be there well apparrelled, ranged,
and ordered, at the entry of the faid Princefs.

Itenii Afore the day of the marriage, it is thought that for the
more folemnity of the feaft, it fliould be on the Sunday, or feme
Holiday, and that the faid Princefs be going out of her chamber
towards the church, fomewhat before 9 of the clock, whereof my
Lord Chamberlain fhall advertlfe the Duchefs of Norfolk. -

. Iteftiy It is ordained that the Bifhops of Exeter, Hereford, Bath,
Lincoln, Sarum, Ch^fter, Rocheder, and Norwich, and the Abbots
of We^miofter, Bury, St. Albans, Glaftonbury, Abingdon, and
Reading, all in ponttficalibus, give their attendance the day of
marriage upon the faid Arqhbifhop of Canterbury, executor of
the faid marriage. ,,. . , ,i

And afore the Princefs'? coming to the City, it is thought
that he (hould be there four days before the coming of the faid
Princefs to the Tower, and that he fliould lodge, in the Bifhop
of Sarum's Place, till the night next before the marriage day j ^nd
that night^.for his more readinefs for thejbufinefs of the next
day, to lodge in the wardrobe, and the, next day to make his
entry into the church fomewhat before; the Princtfs's coming
thither, which eiitry iSj devifed to be at the fouth door next
weftward to our La^y of Grace in the body of the church j and
Hbc Priocefs's houfehold fervants to give their attendance and

C j{ . <|onvey

"f-

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY convey him tb the hault place to be made before the confiftofy» in
the faid body of the church, fomewhat before her, coming thither*
Sir Richard Poole hath taken upon him the charge of this article.

Itenti The faid Princefs, accompanied with the greateft eflates
of the Lords and Ladies, go out of the palace at the great gate*
ind enter by the Weft door of the faid church, and To go to
the faid hault place led by my Lord of York; whereof my Lord
Chamberlain (hall give advertifement, as well to the Lords at to
Sir John Rifley, for that that toucheth my Lord of York, and the
Queen's Chamberlain fhall advertife the Ladies. .

Itenti For the more eafy coming of the faid Princefs, it is devifed
that barrs Ihill be made from the faid palace gate, unto the faid
weft door of the church, and fo from thence to the foot of the
gallery, whereof Sir Charles Somerfet and Mr. Comptroller hath
the charge.

And as for the hault place, it is devifed to be fet in the
nave and body of the church, even annenft the confiftory, to the
intent that the King and the Queen may fecretly go out of the
Bifliop's palace into the fame confiftory, whereof Mr. Comptroller
and Sir Charles Somerfet have the charge.

Itenti The faftiion of this . hault place is devifed to be made
like unto the hault place at the chriftening of the King's child,
with broad and large greeces and fteps, and with a good large
fpace all on high one loft, to the intent that the executor of the-
office of the marriage, and the minifter of the church neceflary for
to do that ad, and .he Prince and the Princefs may be together,^
and no more above, in the faid fpace all on high, than be neceffary :
and the Bilhops, Abbots, and other Prelates and Officers, may
fxand lower upon the faid fteps of the hault place, fo as thereby
grow no impediment to the fight of the people, and that from
the faid hault place to the choir door, there be made a ftage of
live feet high, with a rail upon either fide: and Sir. Charles

Somerfet

STATE PAPEHS.

* thither»
article.
;(l edates
reat gate,
fo go to
my Lord
>rds at to
) and the

' ' ■*
18 devifed
> the faid
ot of the
)ller hath

;t in the

ry, to the
ut of the
}mptrollec

be made
g's child}
ood large-
tor of the
:eiTary for

together,
neceflary :
;er8, may
is thereby
that froiB.
la flage of
ir. Charles

Somerfet

Somcrfet and the Comptroller of the King's houfe have taken Upon
them, that the faid work 0)all be made fure and fubftantial.

Iteitti That the trumpets ftand aloft over the fame weft door,
and blow continually after the firft coming of the faid Princefs
out of the great gate of the faid palace, till the time Hie be in
the ^hurch upon the hault place, and then forthwith when jfhe
fliall be there, the trumpets to ceafe; and the ordering and guiding
of the iaid trumpets and minftrels for the time of the feaft, is
committed to Thomas Lovell, Yeoman Ufher of the King's

chamber. > . . i • , ; , < r ,

And when the faid Prince and Princefs (hall be on the faid hault-
place on loft, and the banes afked them, that Mr. Secretary objedt
openly in Latin againft the faid marriage, that it cannot be lawful, for
fuch reafons as he fhall exhibit there, fupppfed to be grounded on the

. laws of Chrift's Church j whereunto Mr. Dr. Barnes Ihall reply, and
declare folemnly, likewife in- Latin, the faid marriage to be good and
efFedual in the law of Chrift's Church, by virtue of a difpenfation

. which he Ihall have there, to be openly read, and thereupon forthwith
to deliver it to the Executor Officii, and the fan^e Executor to com-
mand his Chancellor to read it ; the fame objedions made, or any

. other to be made ^gainft the fame, notwitbftanding : and for adver-
tifement of the Archbilhop of Canterbury in all fuch things as fhall
be executed by him at that folemnity, the King's Secretary hath
taken upon him the charge.

And in cafe ii be requifite after the manner of Spain, as it is after
the cuftom of England, that fome man fhall give the efpoufe, then
the greatefl Perfonage that fhall come with the faid Princefs, fhall
give her. The charge of this article refteth in my Lord Chamber-
iain.

JtefBt When all fhall be fi&ifhed that is to be done on the faid
hault-place for the matrimony, then fhall the Prince and Princefs
igo together upon the faid gallery hand in hand, all along the body

^ENRY

vn.

U— -v '

STATE PAPERS.

"r!'l!f'

" vu*^^ of the faki church, ftrait after hede upon the fame gallery ftrewed
with ruflies, herbs» and flowers up to the choir, and through the
choir to the high altar to their places appointed there : and ,that the
ordering, rufliing, and apparrelling of the iaid gallery, be prov,i4ed
for by Sir Charles Somerfet and Mr. Cprnptroller. -, ,,

Item, As foon as the Prince and Princefs fhall begin to depart

their courfeV till the Prince ahd Princefs (hall be, before tfie high
altar, and then all the minftrelstp ce^fi;. And the ordering of all
the fald m'inllrels is qb^hntted^ro liovel), /Ciher of. the King's
(jhiimber.

And to the intent that the faid Prince and Princefs may hare al-
ways fome place fecretly to refort unto, for fuch cafualties that may
fall during the high mafs of the marriage : It is to be forefeen that
the IViitce fliall have a traverfe made and fet on the north fide
the choir near the high altar in place convenient, with a running
ctthairl to JferV^^ 'v^hen need ihall be: fo as the minftrels about the
high attar, afed fhdfe in the vaults, Hialll not now fee what ihall be
done in the faid traverfe : and femblably, another 'raeerfe to be made
likewife, arid to he fet on the South fide of the choir, alfo in
lt[ict convenient for the faid Princefs to ^refort into, if any occafion
io demand. My Lord Chamberlain hath takes upon him the pro-
vifion and making of thefe traverfes. .

■'//«//, As for the carr-cloth, ^t fhall be of white baukin,^ ai^i^ pro?,
vided'by my Lord Chamberlain, and by him delivered to tKe frince's
Chlimberlain ; and the fpices and wines, to be provided by my Lord
Stewardl,'and delivered to the Prince's Chaipberlain and his ofi^cers^
they to have the ordering of the £ime ; and that the c^rre-cloth b^.
holjden by two Lor^s to be affigned by ^y Lord CJh^ipbfKrlajft, ,

';Xj'J'.r

STATE PAPERS.

hem, After the folcmnity of matrimony fliall be fully done, the
Prince fhall firft, and before the Pnnceft, depart with his company,
down all along the North fide of the church, and make his entry at
the door of the palace of the Bifhop, that is next unto the faid con"
flftory, far within tlie faid palace, at her chamber door to receive the

faid Princcfs. ;■ "'.^ ,. , .',,.._.,.,!..',.,_.....

' Item, The laid t^rincefs, ^ooa after the departing of the faid Prince,
led by my Lord of York fhall return the fame way fhe went, that
18 to fay, throug4i the choir down upon the faid gallery, all along
the body of the church, out o^the great Weft door of the fame, and
in at the great gate of the Btfliop's palace, and fo to her chamber,
where, at the door thereof, the Prince fhall receive her, as the
cuflom of England is. . , . .

Iteftit That firft, the mipftr?le, an4, , af;er, . the trumpets, «vcry
man after his courfe and faculty, do their parts when the Princefa
fhall return towards the palace of the Gifhop, ajs they did at her
going from the fame.

Item, It is thought good, that, fomewhatbelTd^ t^p, great. Weft,
door of the church, in the South fide thereof, therejhal( bc,a fbleron
conduit, well and pompuoufly devifed for to run divprs forts, of good
wines, and ttje faid conduit td begin to run as foon as the Princefs
fhall be entered into the faid palace, and fo to run continually all that
day, and pirt of the pipes to run till midnight following ; whereof
Sir ChairleftSomerfet and Mr. Comptroller hath the charge. ' '

Item, It is thought convenient, that fiich head ofGcers as fhall
have charge of the feaft, the day of the faid marriage, do provide
amongfl other things, that the halt* of the Bifhop of London's palace
as well iiii the of the boards, tables, and forms thereof,

and in hanging of the hoiife, as in making of cupboards, as well
in the chamber where the faid Princefs fhall dine, as alfo in the
hall, and odierwife, thought neceftary, be well and honourably
garniftied and drefled, fo as it fhall be beft devifed for the honour

«5

HENRY

VII.

STATE PAPERS.

H ^vn* ^ ®^ ^^ ^**^ ^^^^ ' *^* charge of the execution of this article is com-
mitted to Worley, to be done by the advice of Sir Charles Somerfet
and Mr. Comptroller.

Item, After the feaft, that matter is remitted unto the Steward*
Comptroller and the head officers of the King's mod honourable
Houfhold, and the Cofferer to fee for the payment therepf. . ;

ftetfti The third day after the day of marriage, the faid Prince
and Princefs to depart from the faid palace, towards Baynard's caAIe,
to go to Weftminfter with the King's Grace; and that the faid
Princefs fo departing, (hall ride in her litter, or on her fparc horfe,
Hvith the pillion, behind a Lord to be named by the King, and eleven
Ladies upon palfreys after ber; and that certain convenient number
of the faid Lords and Nobles be named, and warned by my Lord
Chamberlain, then alfo to await on her on horfeback, with the fame
number of their fervants with them on foot, that they had betwixt
the Tower and the church of St. Paul's, keeping company with the
Lords of Spain, as they did before accompany the faid Princefs to
Baynard's caftle, where the King and the Queen fhall be : and fo
forth to go with the King by water to Weftminfter : and for this to
be well done, two things are behoveful, the one is, that the (Ireets
from Paul's chain down Lambert's hill, between the Earl of Derby's
Place on the one fide, and the Under Treafurer's lodging, to the
faid Baynard's caftle, be well gravelled, and fubftantially caft with
fand, by the Mayor of London, for the horfes more furety to keep
themfelves upright in the great defcent of the hill aforefaid : the
other is, that the faid Princefs diflodge the faid third day, from the
Bifhop's palace at fuch good hour, as fhe may come to the King
and Qgeen, to depart, if the King fo be pleafed, the fame day at time
convenient from the faid Baynard's caftle, to the King's palace of
Weftmihfter : the care of the ordering of fuch things comprifed in
this article, my Lord Chamberlain hath taken the charge.

ftemt

•»fr

STATE PAPERS.

nem, That the great bridge at Wcflminftcr be amended by the "^'J.'^^
Treafurer of England, and the King's arms be renewed and new
painted, whereof he (hall have warning by Mr. Comptroller.

Itctn, The floor of Weilminfter-hall be alfo new repaired, and
the windows of the fame glazed ; whereof Mr. Comptroller and
Worley have the charge.

Iteffit That the Woolbridge at the fame Weftminfter be alfo new
repaired at the King's coft, the charge whereof is committed to Mr.
Comptroller and Worley.

Item, That all the gates and doors be (hut, fo that there be none
enter except only through the great hall of Weftminfter and the
White hall.

Itemt For the more royalty of the going of the King and the
Queen, of the Prince and of the faid Princefs, unto Weftminfter by
\7ater1 it is accorded that the King and Queen and Prince have their
barges apart, well and pompoufly rigged and drefted ; for the
King's barges, the Lord Chamberlain hath the charge ; and for the
Queen's, and Prince's, the Chamberlain of both the Q^een and
Prince have charge.

Ifem, That, likewife, all the Lords fpiritua! and temporal that have
given their attendance at the feaft, accompany the King in their
barges and great boats to the faid Weftminfter ; and as for the faid
Prinqefs, it is thought that flie fhould be with the Queen's Grace in
her barge. The Lord Chamberlain hath the charge to advertife
the Lords of the premifes, and the Queen's Chan berlain to provide
for the Princefs's conveyance with the Queen.

Itentt Befides this provifion, that the King's great and little
boats be purpofely prepared and kept for fuch ftrangers as fliall come
with the faid Princefs, whereof my Lord Chamberlain hath taken
charge. : -ir i>-i < , ' • . • •

• Item, When all tti. e barges and boats of the Lords fpiritual and
temporal, fhall be thus appointed and ready upon the Thames, to
fct forward towards Weftminfter, then the faid Lords fpiritual and

D temporal

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY
VII.

i'l'i

U I'
I*;

temporal fhall attend, every man in his barge, or boat, in the
river, upon the King's barge, and when the King in his barge
fhall fct forth from the faid Baynard's caftle, then all the other
barges and beats, to row by the King, after the King, and about
the King, as the fpace of the river with the ebbe or flow, and
good order, fhaU lead them, till the time his Grace (hall be landed
at the great bridge of Weftminfter ; and that the Queen*s Grace and
all the Ladies and certain Lords, to be appointed by the King's Grace
to attend upon her, follow the company of the King : and when
flie fliall come to the great bridge at Weftminfter, that then fhe,
her Ladies and Lords attending upon her, paufe and reft in their
barges till fuch time that the King with his company be landed and
entered into the palace. The charge of the ordering and appointing
of the Lords to give attendance upon the King*s Grace and the
Queen, in their barges, is committed to the Lord Chamberlain; and
for the ordering of the Queen, with the appointing of the Ladies
to give attendance upon her Grace, the charge is committed to the
Queen's Chamberlain.

And for jufts, tourneys, and other ceremonies, they be remitted
to the faid Mr. Comptroller, ferjeant of the King's armoury : and
as for provifion of the fcafix)lds, and all other things belonging to
the faid jufts, Mr. Comptroller and Worley have taken upon them
the charge. ■«

Item, It is ordained, that the morrow after the King's coming to
Weftminfter at afternoon, in the evening, the King ftiall make the
Knights of the Bath, and the day next enfuing flial! begin the
tourneys and jufts to endure at the King's pleafure.

Item^ It is thought fitting and honourable, that every Lord fpiritual
and temporal that ftiall give their attendance at the time, keep his houfe
during the faid feaft, and till the King depart from Weftminfter.

Item^ That my Lord Chamberlain fend certain of the Ulhcrs of
the King's chamber, to take up Heron's houfe within the fanduary,

and

, in the
lis barge
the other
nd about
low, and
be landed
irace and
g's Grace
md when
then (he,
t in their
inded and
ppointing
; and the
lain; and
tie Ladies
ted to the

remitted
ury : and
onging to
pon them

:oming to
make the
begin the

d fpiritual
» his houfe
linfter.
Uihcrs of
fanituary,
and

STATE PAPERS.

and to fcarch all the lodgings that be within the Abbey and the
' Chanon Row, and caufe the owners of them to drefs and furnifli
them with ftufF, and to make their report of every of the fame by
writing.

Item, My Lord Steward and Mr. Comptroller, to caufe fix of the
beft furniflied lodgings of the Sanduary, and the town of Weft-
minfter, to be referred and kept for ftrangers.

Itenty That Mr. Robert Southwell, and Sir William Pampage,
fliall have either of them a whole copy of this book, to the intent
they may often overfee and perfedly perufe the fame, and not only
to advertife every man that hath any charge committed to him to be
ready, and to do their offices, but alfo to call upon them for the
execution of the fame.

Iteniy That Jaques Hault, and William Pawne, be appointed
to devife and prepare difguifings and fome morifques, after the beft
manner they can, whereof they fliall have warning by my Lord
Chamberlain.

Itentt Whereas my Lord Steward is now fick, if it fortune that he
continue in his ficknefs fo long, that he fliall not now attend to
fuch charges as be commiited to him by divers articles of this book,
Mr. Comptroller hath taken upon him to do, perform, and execute
all the faid charges by the faid articles appointed to my faid Lord
Steward, and in manner and form as my Lord fliould have done, if
he had not been letted by his faid ficknefs, forefeeing always there
be fome noble Perfonage appointed to occupy the place and room of
the faid Lord Steward, touching the receiving and conducing the
Princefs, which Perfonage is thought fliould be my Lord of
Surrey.

Jtcnti The Bifliop of Durham hath taken upon him to make an
abftrad oat of this prefent book, of every man's charge, as it is
comprifed in the fame, and the fame abftraiSl: divided into feveral

D 2 articles

HENRY

VII.

HENRY

VII.

STATE PAPERS.

articles as the matter touchcth every man apart, to deliver in writ-
ing to Mr. Secretary, which fhall inclofe the faid articles feverally
in as many letters as there ihall be articles, and the fame direCt and
caufe to be fent to fuch perfons, as be named in the heads of the
faid articles, defiring them by the fame letters, to do and perform
for their parts as is exprefled in the fame articles.

■1

STATE PAPERS.

«I

rin wrlt-
i fcverally
dire£k and
ids of the
d per fortn

No. II.

Original Letter of Thomas Leigh (one of the Vifuers of " yni^^
the Monajieries) to Thomas Crumwell, Lord Privy hItU
SeaL Dated from the Monaflery of Vale Royal, the 604.
2ld of Augufi^ iSS^*

leian
Library,

[This is a curious but authentic pidure of G)untry Manners about
the time of the Reformation: It is no wonder that Vifiters,
making fuch reports, were unpopular.]

IN my moft humble manner I commend me unto your good Lord-
ihip, evermore thanking you of your munificency, and great
goodnefs, at all times ftiewed unto me. Advertifing your Lordfhip,
that whereas I have hitherto, according to your commandment, vi-
fited the archdeaconries of Coventry, Stafford, Derby, and part of
Chefliire; for that I can perceive accordingly, as I heretofore have
written unto you, there laketh nothing but good and godly inftruc-
tion of the rude and poor people, and reformation of the heads, in
thefe parts. For certain of the knights and gentlemen, and mod
commonly all, liveth fo incontinently, having their concubines
openly in their houfes, with five or fix of their children, and put-
ting from them their wives, that all the country therewith be not
a little offended, and taketh evil example of them. Wherefore
hitherto I have given and fent commandment to them (forafmuch as
I could not fpeak with them all, by reafon they were at the affizes),
to put from them immediately fuch concubines, as they have hi-
therto notorioufly and manifeftly occupied and kept, and to take

again

( ■

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY again their wives ; or elfe to appear before your Lordfilp, to fliew
a caufe why they fhould not be compelled ; and if your Lordfliip
will command any other thing to be done in the pi imifes, I fhall
be ready to accomplifh the fame. And feeing my Lc d of Norfolk
is come to the court, I fhall moft humbly defire you to have toe in
remembrance. And thus God prefer ve you, and b ive you in his
moft firm tuition, with much increafe of honour, according to the
contentation of your Lordfhip's moft noble good hcan^ defire.

From the monaftery of Vale Royal, the 28d of Auguft.

Your Lordftiip's humble at
commandment,

Thomas Leigh.

''.b.'o'ii'

-fW.

■g

h
tc
w

y
fi

nil- '\

;:;ii

;,«('

.»!!

STATE PAPERS.

p, to fhew
iir Lordfhip
ifes, I fhall
of Norfolk
have me in
you in his
rding to the
lefire.

uguft.

No. in.

rhe Privy Council to ths Duh of Norfolk, the Marquis "^^ry
of Exeter, and Sir Anthony Brown, Knight. Inflruc- Harieian

J ill Collection,

tiom for the levying Men to go againfl the Rebels in the No. 6989.
Northy 1536.

AS Leigh.

[This formidable Rebellion is not very fully related by our Hifto-
rians. and ftill lels the Intrigues which produced it ; had more of
the Nobility and Men of Property joined in it, the Throne of
Henry Vlil. and his Church Eftablifliments would have been
fhakeii, it not overturned,]

0£tober 19th, 1536.

AFTER our right hearty commendations, Thefe fhall be to
advertife you, that this morning arrived here a poft with the
letters herein inclofed, directed to you my Lord Norfolk, and others
to the K. Highnefs, the copy alfo whereof you fhall receive here-
with, which was commanded, as by the faid letters you fhall per-
ceive, to have firft pafled by you, and fo after to have come hither.
For anfwer to the contents of which letters, the King's Majefty
hath commanded us to fignify unto you, that firll his pleafure is,
you fliall, with all poflihle diligence, fend unto my Lord Suffolk all.
fiich munitions as in his letters to you my Lord of Norfolk be con-
tained. Second, that you Sir Anthony Brown, fhall with your
8 number

Il'f'll

HENRY
VIII.

U, .. w — >

STATE PAPERS.

number of 560 men, in his Grace's laft letters mentioned, and with
440 men on horfeback more, to make up a full thoufand, if they
may poffibly be there gathered, advance fpeedily to my Lord of
Suffolk, taking alfo with you the ten pieces of ordnance that were
before appointed unto you, with powder, (hot, and all things con-
venient for the fame. And if the faid 440 men, to make up the full
thoufand men on horfeback, or within an hundred at the uttermoft of
the fame, cannot be there levied, then his honour's pleafure is, that you
fhall take the 560 men on horfeback before prepared, and with them
alfo 1000 footmen, or very near that number, to be in like manner
conveyed with you, or after you, to my faid Lord of Suffolk with
all poffible diligence. And his Grace's inftant defire is, that you
my Lord of Norfolk and Exeter, fliall, with the band of 5000 men
in all, limited unto you, make your addrefs with the like fpeed to
my * Lord Steward. And that you fhall take certain order, that
the ports may be laid furely for the fpeedy conveyance of letters,
both between Lincoln and Windfor, and between the places where
you fhall fortune to be, and the fame. Finally you fhall under-
ftand, the King's Highnefs hath at the writing hereof prefently
difpatched to Mr. Cofferer by Dr. Leighe f , and Dr. Leighton f , for
your good furniture, now at your fetting forth, and in your journey
towards my Lord Steward, the fum of two thoufand pounds, having
alfo appointed, that a fpecial and certain Treafurer fhall, for the
faid journey only, with the fame wait upon you. And therefore
his Grace defireth you to fear no want of money ; for this day there

• The Earl of Shrewfbury, who was the
King's Lieutenant againft the rebels in York-
ftiire.

t Thefe by the Lord Cromwell's means
had lately been fcnt abroad by commillion
from the King, to vifit the abbeys, and to
take account of the enormities there com-
mitted. And there is a letter wrote by one
of them, viz. Leighton, to Cromwell, con-

cerning the nuns and friars of Sion, extant
in Fuller's Church Hiftor)'. In the diflblu-
tion of the abbies, thefe men had the finger-
ing of the revenues thereof for the King's ufe,
which made them fo odious, that thefe rebels
among their demands at Doncaller made this,
that Leigh and Leighton fhould be imprifoned
for bribery and extortion.

P-

and viklx
1, if they
' Lord of
that were
lings con-
ip the full
termoft of
I, that you
with them
^e manner
fFolk with
that you
5000 men
:e fpeed to
>rder, that
of letters,
ices where
ill under-
prefently
tonf, for
ir journey
8, having
, for the
therefore
day there

Sion, extant
n the difToIu-
ad the finger-
lie King's ufe,
kt thefe rebels
ier made this,
be imprifoned

i«

STATEPAPERS. 25

is alfo dlfpatched to Mr. Goftyck above ten thoufand marks, and ^y!^,^^
more fliall come after. And befides, if any bruit or noife fliall be
of any want of money, it might greatly difcourage men, and fo
hinder much the King's affairs at this time, which by all means
would be fet forth and advanced. And thus mod heartily fare you
well.

From Windfor the 19th of Oftober.

Your loving friends,

Thomas Audeley, Qiancellor.
Thomas Crumwell.
Robert Sussex.
Edward Hereforde.

77)e Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk and the Mar a tin kjS.
of Exeter^ being in their march towards Doncajler
againjl the Rebels, Anno 1 536.

AFTER our right hearty commendations. Forafmuch as by
letters fent from my Lord Steward, and my Lord of Suffolk,
with others to the King's Highnefs, it appcareth, the number of
rebels groweth and increafeth daily ; his Grace's pleafure is, that
for the better furniture of your forces, as well you, my Lord of
Norfolk, fhall take with you the reft of your band, over and above
the number appointed, which you wrote was 1500 men or there-
abouts : as that you, my Lord Marquis, fliall fcmblably take all the
reft of your band, over and above the number agreed upon with
you, if you (hall together think it fo CKpedient ; hafting yourfclves
to my Lord Steward with all poflible diligence. Advcrtifing you
furthermore, that for the more perfect keeping of Lincolnftiire in

E quiet,

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY

vm.

pi ' •'

l.'l!
Ill'

!'■. '
ill 1

quiet, his Grace hath commanded my Lord Chamberlain (Lord Sands)
Mr. Poiilet, and Mr. Kingfton, with the refidue of the Gloucefter-
fhire men, not being of the thoufand going with you, and others to
furnifh on horfeback, and on foot, if they can there at Ampthill
levy fo many good men, and the number of 2000 perfons, and the
fame with fpeed to fend to my Lord of Suffolk ; fignifying further
unto you, that becaufe this matter fcemeth to be fo hot and dan-
gerous, his Grace defireth you, my Lord of Norfolk, to advertife
him by this bearer, whether you Ihall think it expedient, that his.
Grace ihould levy an army to attend upon his perfon, and fo ad-
vance towards the faid rebels ; and what you think elfe expedient
to be confidered touching the fame. And to this faid bearer to give
firm credence, for his Highnefs hath declared his full mind and.
pleafure in that behalf. And thus mofl heartily fare you well; the
:10th day of O^ftobcr, 1536,.

Thomas Audeley, Qiancellor,.

John Oxynford.

Edward Her t ford e.

Thomas Crumwet l.

Robert Sussex.

Richard Ctcester.

Endorfed thus, In fcciuido cxitii vcrfus Doncaflr*..

* I'or the rebels had already taken Hull divitlrj into thrf bodies. Aiul hltlirr the-
ard Pomfret, .ind were advanced foinhward Duke was now hallcning to meet and %h"t,
bt tore Donculler, jo,ooo llrong, , Iving there tjiem.

STATE PAPERS.

■d Sands)
oucefter-
others to
Ampthill
and the
g further
and dan-
ad vertife
, that his.
nd fo ad-
Expedient
cr to give
nind and.
well; the

ancellor,.

II K N R Y

Vlll.

hither the'
:et and ligtvt,

77je Privy Council to the Dukt, InftruSiiom about deal^ Dcam's.

i?ig with the Rebels^ and offering them Pardon,

Anno

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Grace. The
fame fhall herewith receive the double of a letter fent to the
King's Hlghnefs from my Lord of Suffolk, upon the arrival with
him of a fervantof Sir William Mufgrave's; by the contents thereof,
with the credence of the faid Mufgrave's fcrvant, it appeareth, that
Tyndefdale, and Riddefdale be of a good fort, and have rather done
difpleafure to the rebels, than fliowed themfelves any thing toward
to condefcend to their traiterous fadion. And that the parties of
Cumberland and Weftmoreland be not of fo evil difpofition as hath
been fuppofed. And further, the faid Mufgrave's fervant hath de-
clared to the King's Hlghnefs, that the Lord Clifford, the faid Sir
William Mufgrave, Aygleby and others do keep peaceably the town
and caftle of * Carlifle, with the parts about the fame : and that
Sir William Mufgrave has been with the Earl of Cumberland at
Skipton-j-, and found him fo vidualled and furniflied in every condi-
tion, that he efleemeth not much the malice of his enemies. Which
things weighed and confidered, his Majefly thinketh, if you fliall
for the firfl brunt fortify the paflages of Doonne with ditches, ac-
cording to his device, the Yorkfliire men, and thofe that fliall take
their parts, will be, within fhort fpacc, eafy enough to deal wiihal.

• But foon after it was befiegcd by one -f Skiptnn was a caftle bslonginn- to the

Nich. Mufgrave and 8000 men. But they F.irl, which the rebels, in Oftober, had at-

were repulfed by the city. And in tlieir tempted, and he refolutcJy defended a<Tainll

return encountered by the Duke, who caufed them ; though 500 gentlemen retained at his

all the Captains (except Mufgrave who coll, had dcferted him.
efcaped), and feventy pcrfons befides, by
martial law to be hanged on Cnrlifle walls.

E 2 For

STATE PAPERS.

'-III
,f lit

HENRY For being the parties before rehearfed brought to fome flay, wherein

V 1x1 •

his Grace will travail, my Lord of Suffolk, with the Lincolnfliire
men of the one fide, you, my Lord Steward, my Lord of Rutland,
my Lord of Huntingdon, and others there, with the forces of thofe
parts, on the other fide, and my * Lord of Derby on the third part,
with fuch preparation as his Grace can fliortly make, fliall be able
enough to conflrain the rebels to fuch conformity and obedience, as
appertaineth.

Wherefore his Majefty defireth yon, confidcring it fhould not be
honourable for him to grant the free pardon, but a mean to encou-
rage the offenders, and others alfo, to the enterprifing of like
attempts, to ufe all the dexterity to you poffible, to induce them to
receive the firft f pardon, and to ftay with them long, before you
lliall proceed to the other degree, which his Highnefs would by no
means come unto, if fudclen extremity fliall not enforce the fame.
And, good my Lord, ufc in this matter all your wifdom, to fatisfy his
Grace's princely courage and defirc. For it is much to his Grace's
regret to receive from you fo many defperate letters, and in the fame
to hear no mention of the remedies. Infomuch as his Grace making
a difcourfe of the whole progrefs of the matter, upon the letters
written lately, that he fliould be deceived if he trufted to the paf-
fages, faid, thofe words agreed but flirewdly with the letters written
unto him from Cambridge, wherein you defired fo much that my
Lord Steward fhould not have paffed Trent, before your coming to
him, as though you had known the country and rivers fo well,
that you had been then able at your v;ill, in manner to have put the
rebels to difcomfiture. Which matter not fuccccding according to

• This Earl had raifed forces out of Lan- and four unnamed, but the four unnamed

rafhirc and Chelhire, to ftop another army of concerning every body, it was declined. The

rebels, that were coming fouthward through free pardon was without any exception at

J.ancufhire, to join thofe that were up in all, on condition they would lay down their

Vorkdiire. arms, and make their fubmiflion to the King's

•)■ Wherein ten were excepted, fu named. Lieutenants.

your

|4:

STATE PAPERS.

29)

wherein
icolnfliire
Rutland)
i of thofe
bird part,
II be able
liencc, as

lid not be
to encou-
j of like
i them to
efore you
jld by no
the fame,
atisfy his
is Grace's

the fame
e making
he letters

the paf-
:s written

that my
;oming to

fo well,
:e put the
ording to

ur unnamed
clined. The
exception at
y down their
to the King's

^^1

your defire, you did after much lament. And yet his Highncfs HENRY
faid, that unlefs my Lord Steward had indeed marciicd forward
contrary to your mind, there had been more loil, than percale would
have been recovered again in a good time, bcfides the diflionour that
fhould have enfued of the fame. Surely his Highnefs is your good
and gracious Lord ; and therefore wc all befeech you efifoons now
to fhow all your wifdom to conduce thefe things to that end, that
may be to his Grace's fatisfadion : for we affurc you, his Highnefs
thinketh his honour fliall be much touched, if he fliall grant them.
the free pardon.

Your Grace fliall herewith receive letters from the King's Highnefs
privately written to yourfelf ; but we aflure your Grace, whatfocver
is contained in the fame, his Majefty is as good and gracious Lord
unto you, as ever he was in his life ; and we all be your alfured
friends, defiring as much that fuccefs in this matter, that may be
to your honour, as yourfelf can defire the fame, which we fliall alfo
advance to our poffible powers ; knowing right well, that whatfo-
cver is written touching the flay for the free pardon, you will no
further ftrain them to take the firfi pardon, than your wifdom fliall
think meet for the quieting of the matter, which is mofl: to be re-
garded. And thus we befeech our Lord, fend your Grace no worfe
to fare than we would ourfelves. From Richmond the fecond of
December. Your alTured loving friends,

Thomas Audeley, Chancellor.

John Oxynford.

Robert Sussex.

Thomas Ckumwkll.

Richard Cici ster.

WlLLIA.M POULET,

i'.ndorlcd at Hatfield. From the King's Council, 4th December,

your

1 1\

II'

111!

HENRY
VIII.

i;?6.
Decern. 6.

STATE PAPERS.

7'/}e Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk,

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Grace.
Thefe fliall be to advertife you, that yefternight about fix of
the clock we received your letters written from Welbeck on Sa-
turday, upon certain others from us, before to you addrefled, touch-
ing our hope that the King's Majcfty would condefcend to your
defires * made by Sir John Ruflcl, rather than the matter fhould grow
to a further extremity. The contents of which letters, when we had
pcrufed, we fignified to his Highncfs, being the fame, both to his
Grace, and ail us, very pleafant and comfortable ; as well for that
we perceive thereby the good inclination and loyal difpofition of
the Gentlemen, with your certain intelligence f with the fame, as
for that the faid Gentlemen being fo well difpofed, it is not to be
doubted, but though the cankered Commons would attempt any
further enterprises, the faid Gentlemen and their fervants and friends,
with your advice and counfel, and the aid of fuch force as you have,
and may eafily prepare there, fhall be able to ftay their fury and
traiterous madnefs. And his Majefly giveth unto your Grace and
your colleagues J there, his mod hearty thanks, that by your wif-

• ^'iz. That the King would yield to a
general pardon, and a Parliament to be held
in thofe parts, which were feme of the things
the rebels required : and which being granted,
he thought it might be a means to quiet all.
This che Duke defired, that he might be in a
better readinefs for the treaty, which was to
be by the King's allowance on the 6th of
December between the Duke and the Earl of
Shrewlbury on the King's part, and 300 of
the rebels at Doncafter. Which requell the
King granted, leaving the whole to the Duke's
difcretion.

•f For the rebels had compelled all the no-
bility and gentry they could get into their
hands, to go with them, mak'.ng them fwcar
to an oath they adminiftered to them ; and
fome did willingly join with them. With
feme of thefe the Duke held a fecret corrc-
fpondencc, of which he made good ufe.
Among thefe were the Lord Scroop, the Lord
Lumley, Lord Latimer, Sec.

■| Earl Shrewlbury, Marquis of Exeter,
Earls of Huntingdon and Rutland, &c.

doms

STATE PAPERS.

ur Grace.
)out fix of
:ck on Sa-
fed, touch-
id to your
lould grow
icn we had
both to hi3
ell for that
pofition of
le fame, as
s not to be
•tempt any
nd friends,
you have,
fury and
Grace and
your wif-

IcJ all the no-

ct into their

g them fwcar

;o them ; and

them. With

fccret corrc-

le good life.

oop, the Lord

is of Exeter,
ind, &C.

doms

doms you have conduced this great matter to fo good a towardncfa ''^; '!^,,'^ ^'

of the clear finilliing of the fame. And whereas your Grace's opi- ^— v '

nion is, that growing to an end with the rebels at this meeting, it
Ihould be meet you fhould forthwith enter into the country, and i'o
fwear the fame from place to place, as you fhould travel, and that
you fliould in that cafe be furniflied with fome good company of
nobles and gentlemen, as well for the better advancement and fliow-
ing of the King's honour, and for your furety in all events and
chances ; which noblemen and gentlemen would look for their cofts
paid in that journey. His Grace doth right well allow and approve
your device therein. Neverthelefs his defire is, that you fliould firft
fignify unto him, what noblemen and gentlemen, and what the
grofs number of all the train, fliould be, that you would have with
you. And thereupon his Highnefs will fend you your commifliou,
and take fuch further order for the entertainment of you and your
train, that you fliall have caufe to be contented. Trufting that you will,
in the advertifement hereof, confulcr the great charges his Majefty hath
been at, and dcvife for the alleviation of the fame, as much as you can
pofiible. And upon that advertifement, his Highnefs will alfo write
to the Earl of Northumberland * for his coming hither, if nothing
chance unto him in the mean fcafon ; not doubting but your Grace
will have fuch refped unto his brethren, that they fliall not be a!)le
to do any difplcafure, though they would malicioufly pradifc any
evil purpofc.

Now there reflcth but only one thing to be confidercd, which the
King's Majefty hath much at heart, and we fliall no lefs defire, that
is, the prefcrvation of his Grace's honour, which his Highnefs and
we all think, fliall be much touched, if there be no man refervcd to
puniihrnent, for the examjile of others hereafter. Wherefore albeit
the King's Majefty hath referred all to your difcrcticn, yet if your

* Who had been Lord Warden of the Marches, but lately fufpeiflcd and difciiarged, and
new about to be font up

Grace

II v

1 '

in >■

U V. N R
Vlll.

S T A T r PAPER S.

Urjtc (.(HiKl, by any good means, or polfihlc dexterity, rcfcrvc a very
few pcrlons topunilhincnt, you fliould allurcdly adniinlfter the greatefl:
rleafure to liis Iliglincfs that could be imagined, and much in the
fame advance your own honour. And amongft a few vile pcrfons,
bccaufe lie is notable and moft wilful, if you could rcferve * Sir
Kobert Conftable, xvc be not able to cxprefs how much the fame
would tend to his Majcfly's fatisfadion. Wherein vvc ihall not need
to dcl'uc your Grace to travail, knowing that you will leave no
means unattcmpted, that your wifdom Ihall think may accomplifh
his Hi^hncfs moft fervent defues in that behalf, only grounded upon
the {ncfervation of his honour, which, without the fame, he thinketh,
and fo do we alfo, fliall be much touched.

VV'c fend unto your Grace alfo, certain of the -f* letters addrefleJ
to the Bilhops, with, divers copies of the J articles agreed upon by
the clergy : and for the more plain declaration to the people of the
truth of the fame, you fliall receive one copy, whercunto the Bifliops
and Clergy did at the beginning fet their hands, which we require
you to rcferve for his Ilighncfs. And thus moft heartily fare you
well. From Richmond the 4th of December. Your allured friends,

Thomas Audeley, Chancellor.
RoHERT Sussex.
Thomas Ckumwell.
Edward Hereford.

William Poulet.
John Oxynfokd.

RiCHAUD CiCESTER.
WlILHAM KyNOSTON,

Endorfed at || Hatfield from the King's Council, Gth Dec.

• He. upon the rebellion foon after break-
ing out iu^iin, with the Lord Darcy, Sir
Tlionias Perry, A£k, and divers others, was
fent up to London by the Duke, and after-
wards executed.

f Thefe letters were, I fiippofe, certain
injundion.s, in number eleven, fent uitder
the name of L'runiuell, the King's Vice-
gerent, to be obfcrved by Deans, I'arfons,
Vicars, Curates, &c. which may be fecn in
Lord Herbert's life of King Henry, p. 47:.

I Thefe articles may be read in the fame
.Author, p. 467, 468, wiiitii were figncd by

CrumwcH and eighteen Biflinp^i, fortv Ab-
bots and I'riors, and fifty Archdeacons and
Pro^hirs of the Clergy at their convocation.
Several copies of thefe articles were fent to the
Duke on purpofe to be difperfed in thofe
parts, for the better e.xercifc of the Ihidies
and thoughts of tiie clergy, who had been
the chief inlirunu'nts in thefe coninioiions.

II 'I'lie Duke was now at Hatfield in his re-
turn back to the North, whence he had come
lately u|) to Couir, upon this occafion. He
found the rebels luiniber tar to exceed the
ivin^'s army, which was not above 5000. So to

t'ain

STATE PAPERS.

'fcrvc a very
• the grcatell
nuch in the
I'ilc pcrfons,
rcl'crvc * Sir
ch the fame
lall not need
^^ill leave no
y accomplifli
)iniclcil upon
he thinketh,

ers addrefll'J
eed upon by
eople of the
) the Bifliops
[\ we require
ily fare you
ired friends,

10,

, forty Ab-

rciiiU'acoiis ;iiu1

ir loiuiKaiiun.

were font to the

fpcrfcd in thofe

c of the Itudies

who had been

romiiiotions.

itfu'ld ill Iii.s rf-

icc lie h.id come

s occafion. lie

r to exceed the

(JVC 5000. Soto

i';iin

The Privy Council to the Duh,

A FTER our right hearty commendation to your good I.ord-
fhip. This morning arrived here your letters unto us on
Candlemas day, with the copies fent with the fame ; containing
as well your advice and proceeding touching the flay of the
retainder of certain perfons, whofe names you have font in one
of the faid copies, as the flate of the country there, witli ccitain
other things therein contained, which we have fliowed unto the
King's Highncfs. And albeit his Majefty feemed to approve
the plain declaration of your mind in that behalf; yet in the
reading of that part of the letter, he faid, he fomewhat marvelled,
that you fliould he more earneft in the diffiiafion of the rctaiiuler
of them that have been but murderers and thieves (if they have
fo been), than you were that hia Grace fliould not retain thofe
that have been rebels and traitors. Thcfe men have rather done
good than liurti in this troublous time, tho' they did it not with
a good mind and intent, but for their own lucre. Wluit the
other did, no man can better tell than you. If thcfc men may
be made good men, with this advancement, liis Mi^hncfs may
think his money well employed. If they will nevcrthclcrs con-
tinue evil, all the world fhall tliink them the moie wortliy
punifliment, for that they have fo little rop;nrdcd the great
clemency and goodnefs of his IMajcfly, calling them from their
evil doings to honeft preferment, to the intent they fliould the

gain time till more forces came in, be put the up to forward their pciiiion ; and that bronchi

rebels upon petitioning; which advice they him into thcfe parts. Hut he foon leiiii n -d

took, and fent up a petition by two gentle- .njjain to his ch:nge, and was now j,oitcn as

men that they had compelled to yield to liirni. far as ll.ithcld.
And the Duke promifed to accompany tlieni

F rather

H F, N R Y
VI 11.

February 4.

. I

I 11 !

;± i,.i*

STATE PAPERS.

"vm'^^ rather leave and forfake the fame. And his Grace may all times
punifh them according to their demerits, when he fhall think
meet, if they fhall eftfoons offend. And yet his patents of their
annuities he no pardons, nor they by the fame changed into
another ftate than they were before. And therefore his Majefty's
pleafure was, we Ihould not only fignify unto you, that he would
have his determinations accomplifhed in that behalf, but alfo*
that with all poffible fpeed after the receit hereof, you Ihall write
to Sir Anthony Browne to proceed therein without ftay, accord-
ing to his former commifllon, any thing by you written to the
contrary notwithflanding ; as by the copy of the letters fent to
the faid Sir Anthony, which you fhall receive herewith, you
fhall perceive. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From
G/eenwich, the 4th of February.

Thomas Audeley, Chancellor.
Robert Sussex.
Richard Cicester.
Charles Suffolk.
Thomas Crumwell.
Edward Hereford.
William Fitz-Williams*
William Poulet.

J. RUSSEL,

1 1

' all times
lall think
s of their
nged into
i Majefty's
he would
but alfo,
hall write
Y» accord-
ten to the
rs fent to
with, you
:11. From

Chancellor*.

STATE PAPERS*

.IAMS«

HENRV
VIII.

7%e Privy Council to the Duke.

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your good
Lordlhip, thefe fhall be to advertife the fame, that by this
bearer you fhall receive the King's Highnefs's letters, which his
Grace doubteth not but you will put in execution with fuch
dexterity as the fame may be a fpe£lacle of the end of fuch
abominable treafons; and a mean to reduce that country to a
perfe£t quietnefs. You fhall alfo underftand that fince your
departure, the King's Majefty hath received fundry letters from
my Lord of Winchefter and Mafter Wallop, declaring as well a
general communication had between the French King and them,
of the matter of my Lady * Mary, which yet remaineth in the
fame terms you left it, as an heap of lies which have been fpread
abroad there, touching our ftate, and the late bufinefs here. Where-
unto, when anfwer was made, the AmbalTador of France here rc-
fidenr, made requefl for accefs to the King's prcfence, and obtain-
ing the fame, on the French King's behalf, required his Grace's
favourable licence for the young f Queen of Scots' pafTiigc tlirough
his realm into Scotland ; prefenting therewith a letter from the
Great % Mafter, importing that the King of Scots would be content
to do the fame. The ftrangenefs of the demand whereof, being lb

1536-7.

February 4.

• A piopofal was made by Pomcray, the
French King's ambaflUdor, ("or a match be-
tween the French King's fon, the Duke of
Orleans and the Lady Mary the King's
daughter. But that Ambaflador did little in
the aftair. Yet it (ccms Winciieltcr and
Wallop, the Kine's Ambafl'adors with the
French King, had coinmunicated with him
concerning it.

f King Francis 0^ France had lately hi-
(lowed his dai:gh'cr Magdalen upon the i'cot^
King, whicii King Henry took very ill; bs-
caule he law heub/ that Kmcf dcfigncd a
more drift iVicndiliip with tiie Scots, whic ii
tlie Englifh King was very je.'lcub of, aiul
tlioreforc made a boggle of letting her p;;A
liu-ou;',h his kingdom.

I Duke Montmorency.

2 divided

•!

. >:i\

1 1

•«l

■1

1 ;l

.,.,, I'M'

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY divided into parts, and commenced in the name of the French King
and the Great Mafter, and nothing at all at the interceflion, or in
the name of the King of Scots, moved the King's Majefty to ftay in
his anfvver. And we upon confultation thereupon had, as yet think
it in no wife to be granted, for many great refpedts, befides the
manner of 'equeft *. Neverthelefs, as we fhall therein conclude, we
ihall from time to time, of that, and fuch other occurrents as be
here, advertife you. Requiring you by your next letters to fignify
your opinion and gcod advice unto us, touching this matter, with
fuch reafons as, on either part, Ihall move you in the fame. And
thus raoll heartily fare you well. From Greenwich, the 4th of
lebruary.

Your afTured Friends,

Charles SuFfOLK.

He. Exeter.

Richard Cicester.

RoDERT Sussex.

William Fitz-Williams,

Thomas Crumwell.

Edward Hereford.

William PouiyET.

Endorfed, Rec. Feb. 9. Ebor. a Regis ConftHo.

* I believe this rcqueft was denied. For Queen came together by fea to EJinburgfv
I lind the King of Scots and his new-married about Whitfuntide.

STATE PAPERS,

inch King

Ion, or in

to ftay in

yet think

>efides the

iclude, we

ents as be

to fignify

itter, with

me. And

the 4th of

LLIAMS.
L.

to Edinburgh

;S>

Tie Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk,

FTER our hearty commendations to your Lordfhip. Whereas
the King's Majefty, having eftablifhed an order upon his Grace's
caft and middle marches, as by the device thereof, which we fent
unto you, the fame hath perceived, doth intend to frame a like
order for his weft marches. Albeit, there hath been a femblable
device made for fuch officers and penfioners as fhall be retained upon
the fame, the copy whereof we fend unto you herewith ; yet know-
ing as well your great experience in thofe parts, as confidering that
it fliall be meet your Lordfhip (hould have the direftion of it, we
have fufpended the giving of our fentences to the device, which, as
is aforefaid, you fliall receive thereof, with thefe our letters, till we
fhnll from you hear again, how you like the fame. Requiring you
therefore to weigh and confider it with your accuftomed wifdom,
and to fignify your opinion therein unto us, with as much fpeed as
you may conveniently; to the intent the King's Highnefs may
thereupon finifh his purpofe therein, as fliall appertain, and be moft
for his Grace's honour and furety And furely we be all as glad of
your profperous proceedings in the reducing of that country to
good quiet and obedience, and that it hath pleafed God to preferve
you in health to the fame, notwithflanding the fear you were in of
ficknefs, as any man may be, or as your own noble heart could
defire. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From Weftminfter
this 25th of February.

Your Lordftiip's aflured Friends,

Thomas Crumwell, Sec.
*,j* We require your Lordfliip to keep this matter to yourfclf.

Endorfed, Ncivcajllc, ultimo Feb. a Re^ia Condlio. With tiie device
for the Weft Marches made by the King's Highnels.

HENRY

vm.

^ - . *

1 5 36-7-
February 25.

■f

■i

''m

March 5.

STATE PAPERS.

HENRY

vm.

The Privy Council to the Duke,

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Lordfhip.
Thefe (hall be to advertife the fame, that forafmuch as the
King's Majefty hath lately addrefled his letters to Sir Robert Con-
ftable for his repair unto his prefence, the bearer whereof found him
removed to which is thirty miles from the place where he

commonly lieth ; and that) upon the delivery of the faid letters^ he
neither ufed any reverend behaviour, nor made any fuch convenable
.anfwer for his acccfs, as might have any thing tended to his Grace's
fatisfadlion : his Majefty, confidering that the faid Sir Robert Con-
flable could, either for his commodity, or for his further intent and
purpofe, remove to a place fo far diftant from his habitation and
common dwelling-place, ftanding the fame alfo upon thefea-fide:
and on the other fide, that he could, neither in refpedof his duty
towards his Highnefs, nor in refped of his late offences, make any
feemly anfwer, or of that behaviour in the receit of the faid let-
ters, and that appertained, and conceiving fome marvel thereof;
hath commanded us to fignify unto you, that his pleafure is, you
ihall not only have a fpecial eye upon him, but alfo that you fhall
of yourfdf advife him in fuch wife as you fliall think moft conve-
;nient, with acceleration to make his repair hither. Which, by all
.likelihood, he may cafily do, in accomplifhmeut of his duty, which
for his pleafure could remove thirty miles. And if he fhall not
thereupon addrefs himfelf hitherwards with diligence, then his
Grace's pleafure is, you fliall caufe him to be fent up with a ferjeant
at arms, and with further allurance, if you fliall fo think meet. Aiid
alfo his Higliiiefs would, that you fliall fecrctly make Sir Ralph
Merker the younger, and Sir Ralph Evers, privy to this matter,

com-
6

STATE

PAPERS.

r Lordfhip.
luch as the
ilobert Con-
f found him
ce where he
i letters, he
I convenable
) his Grace's
Robert Con-
r intent and
bitation and
the fea-fide :
of his duty
3, make any
he faid let-
rcl thereof;
lire is, you
at you fhall
moft conve-
licb, by all
uty, which
ae fhall not
then his
th a ferjeant
meet. And
; Sir Ralph
this matter,
corn-

commanding them to take fuch order in the ports of Hull and Scar- ^ yjjj^^
borough, and the creeks thereunto belonging, that in cafe he would,
(leal into any outward parts, he may be apprehended, and fo con-
veyed up unto his Grace in convenient furety, with all diligence.
Finally you fhall underftand, that his Majefly taketh all your pro-
ceedings there in good part, and doth in every condition as thank-
fully accept the fame, as your own heart could defire. Which wc
aflirm unto you upon our honeflies, becaufe you fhall not doubt in
the fame. And fo moft heartily fare you well. From Weftminftcr
the 3d of March.

Your Lordfhip's loving Friends-,

Thomas Crumwell, &c.
Endorfed, Ueivcq/iki 6th March. A Regio ConfiHa,

The Privy Council to. the Duke of Norfolk*

AFTER our hearty commendations to your good Lordfhip.
We have received your letters of the 7th of this month. And
forafmuch as the King's Majefty hath made anfwer to the greater
part of the principal points contained in the fame, we fliall not
trouble your Lordfliip with the repetition thereof; only we fhall, at
fome length, fignify our minds frankly unto you, touching the mat-
ter of the diredion of the Borders : wherein you have written your
opinion upon our letters, for that purpofe before addrefTed to you.

You write, that you, and other the wife men of thofe parts, think,
that fuch a multitude of wild folks as be upon thofe borders, fhall
not be contained in fuch order as were to be wifhed, by fo mean,
men as (hould have the diredion of the fame. But that for that

lefpedi

7556-7,

March iz>

t !!ll

STATE PAPERS.

';t!iii|

HENRY refpe(£t, It iliould be meet fome man of great nobility fliould have

the rule thereof. * "

Firft, my Lord, we have learned by experience, that when the
Earl of Northumberland was for fundry refpefts removed from the
office of the Wardenry of the Eaft and Middle Marches, being the
fame offered in manner to two Noblemen that were thought meet
to receive it, they did both, a8 they might, refufe it. So that for
thofe parts, the King's M.ijefly was enforced, in a manner, to take fuch
to ferve him therein, as he might, when thofe to whom he minded
it, were not willing to receive it. And thereupon a device was
made, which you feemed much to approve, laving for a few per-
fons whofe offences and converfation was fuch, as you thought them
not meet in any wife to be adviinced. Second, We have by expe-
rience feen, that the King hath been much the worfe ferved upon
the Weft Marches, by the reafon of controverfy and variance depend-
ing between the great men, that lie upon the fame. And if the
King's Majefty ftiould remove the Earl of Cumberland, and cftfoons
prefer into the room of his Warden there, the Lord Dacres, we fee
not but the pique between them fhould be rather augmented than
taken away. Again, if it fhall pleafe his Majefty to appoint the
meaneft man that for fuch a purpofe could be thought on, to rule
and govern in that place, is not his Grace's authority fufficient to
caufe all men to ferve his Grace under him, without refpcft of the
mere eftate of the perfonage not having that authority? i , f • /-

We defire to know the names, with the reafcns of thofe wife men
that think his Grace (hall not be ferved there with fuch men, what-
foever they be, as he fliall appoint to have authority under him.
How his Highnefs hath been ferved with thofe fuch as have had that
room, what by want of good qualities meet to fupply the places that
fome of them were in, and what by reafon of their difcords, we all
know. And to be fliort with your Lordlhip, we think, that his
Majefty, retaining all the Gentlemen and head-men, as he do<h,
.. ., 7 fliall

iiould have

: when the
d from the
1, being the
)ught meet
So that for
to take fuch
I he minded
device was
a few per-
lought them
'e by expe-
fcrved upon
nee depend-
And if the
ind cftfoons
:re8, we fee
nented than
appoint the

on, to rule
fufficient to

ic6l of the

e wife men
nen, w hat-
under him.
vc had that
places that
rds, we all
K, that his
s he duth,
fhall

STATE PAPERS.

{hall not be evil fervcd. At the lead we think it fliall not be evil,
that his Majefty Ihall effay this way, and it were but only to fee
who would not as gladly ferve him under another, as he would do,
if he had the bed place himfelf. For it importeth no neceffity of
continuance, but as his Majefty (hall think, with the proof thereof,
expedient. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From Weftmia-
iler the 22th of March.

Your Lordfhip*8 loving Friends,

T. Cantuarien.

Thomas Audelev, Chancellor, &c. &c.

4»

77fe Privy Council to the Duke,

TTER our right hearty commendations to your good Lordfliip.
Thcfe fliall be to advertife the fame, that debating the cfFed of
your letters of the 12th of this month addreffed tome the Lord
Privy Seal, with the King's Highnefs; his Grace amongft other
things faid, he marvelled much, that you and the reft of his council
feemed fo certainly to refolvc, that his Majefty could not be fcrved
upon his marches, but by Noblemen. When I would (quoth his
Highnefs) have preferred to the Wardenry of the Eaft and Middle
Marches my Lord of Weftmoreland, like as he did utterly refufe it,
fo my Lord of Norfolk noted him a man of fuch heat and haftincfs
of nature, that he could not think him meet for it. When he would
(quoth his Grace) have conferred it to my Lord of Rutland, he re-
fufed it alfo ; and my Lord of Norfolk noted him a man of too
much pufillanimity, to have done us good fervice in it, if he would
liave embraced an overture in it. And we think (quoth his High-

G nefs)

■Miirca 17.

MP-

HENRY
VIII.

STATE PAPERS.

ncfs) he would not advifc us *o continue in it my Lord of Nortffuni-'
beiland. Now If we fliall prefer none of thefc three to that room,
wc would be glad (quoth his Grace) that my Lord of Norfolk fliould
name the Nobleman that he thinketh meet for that office. For
gladly we would have fuch a one in ftore to appoint it unto, if we
Ihould hereafter alter our device, which we be not yet determined
to do, nor fhall apply to that fentcnce, till we have better expe-
riment what fliould enforce us unto.

Now toucliing the Weft Marches, my Lord of Norfolk himfclf
(quoth his Grace) thought it not meet that the Earl of Cumberland
fhonld be avoided out of the Wardenry thereof, and the Lord Dacres
cftfoons thereunto preferred. For it fliould but engender mortal
feud between their houfes. Again, we think, (quoth his Majefty)
that it were unfcemingly to remove him, that hath fo well prefervcd
himft'lf from our rebels in this troublous time, and hath fo well kept
our town and caftle of Carlifle, and in his place to put him, that
hath been taken as his enemy. If then having determined, for the
withdrawing of heart-burning from them both, to remove them
both from that office, which in either of their hands could have
been no mean of amity between them, we would for thofe Marches
alfo have my Lord of Norfolk name unto us a third Nobleman, not
meddling with any before named. Which communication we thought
convenient to fignify to your Lordfliip, tliat you may perpend it
accordingly. Not doubting but that your wifdom fhall the better
perceive, that, like as his Grace could not be furniflied witlr any of
thefe men conveniently before named, for the refpefts fpecified, fc
his Highnefs thinketh there will no man refufe, or be flack to ferve
immediately under him, that could be content to ferve under a
Nobleman and his deputies, being all but fubjeds. And this we
write only unto you, to the intent your Lordfliip may perceive the
whole difcourfe of the faid conference and communication, and for
no purpCfe of ourfelf, either uttesly to impugn your opinion, though

the

STATE PAPERS.

I I

f Nortlnim-'
) tliat room,
rfolk (liould
office. For
unlo, if we
t determined
better expe-

folk hlmfclf

Cumberland

Lord Dacrcs

nder mortal

his Majefty)

ell prefervcd

fo well kept

Jt him, that

ined, for the

emove them

could l^ave

ofe Marches

bleman, not

I we thought

^ perpend it

the better

witlr any of

pecified, fc

ack to ferve

rve under a

nd this we

perceive the

on, and for

ion, though

tbe

the contrary by experience may prove right well, or to pique you H ^:^'^^^ ^
therein, which, in the utterance therco^^^ the King's Ivlajeftr nothing <■ <■■ *
minded. And fo moft heartily fare you well. From \v cumiufter
the i7ih of March.

.-i.-nr.r-ji '-7 .or )r •>7' ,' Z' /.- /.j. • ThomAS CruMWELL, &Ci
Endprfed, Holdeitt 20th March. A ConftUo Regis,

(I i I ; |. ;/ ! I i> '.... i /ill . . Ill 'I / <■> 4 1

The Privy Council to the Duke,

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Lordfhip.
Forafmuch as not only upon the matter of William Levenyngs,
being with the Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conflable, and Robert Afk,
after hia attemptate in the new rebellion, which you fignified to me
the Lord Crumwell, Privy Seal ; but alfo upon the examination and
knowledge of fundry other great matters revealed againft them, the
fame Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conftable, and Robert Afk, be this
day by the King's Highnefs's commandment, committed to the
Tower of London, there to abide till they may be juftificd according
to the law; his Highnefs's pleafure was, we ftiould thereof advcr-
tife your Lordfhip, to the intent you may divulge the caufe of their
captivity to the people of thofe parts, that they may the rather per-
ceive their miferable fortunes, that being once fo gracioufly par-
doned, would eftfoons combine themfelves for the attempting of
new treafons, to the great peril of his Grace's pcrfon, and the danger
of his whole realm: which thing his Grace doth alfo dclire your
Lordftiip to caufe to be publifhed by others, in all parts there, with
fuch dexterity, as his fubjeds, perceiving the truth thereof, conceive

O 3 not

Ai'iii -/.

■tm

■r::.H

STATE PAPERS.

VIII

H vm^ ^ "°'» '^*^ ^"y thing is done for their former offences, done before the-
pardon* which his Grace will in no wife remember or i'pcak of; but
for thofe treafont which they h&ve committed again fince, in fuch
dctcAable forti as no good fubjeft would not wiih their puniHiment
for the fame.

And whereas your Lordlhip hath eftoons written to the King's
Majefty for your repair hither, we do all require you to think, that
in cafe his Highnefs will not grant it, the fame is not delayed upon
any cki ly of his favour unto you, or for want of good will in any
of ub u) have had you fatisfied therein ; but upon the neceflity of his
Grace's laft letters unto you fpccificd, and for fundry other refpeds
and caufes, the particularities whereof you diall perceive by his
Grace's next letters to be addreffed unto you. Wherewithal we
truft you will repofe yourfelf in that behalf.

And finally you (hall utiderftand, that I, the Lord Privy Seal,
have fued out your pardon for fuch money as you have defrayed in
the wars, and fhall likewife fue out your broad feal thereof, with
diligence.

Moreover your Lordfhip (hall underftand, that whereas you wrote
lately of one Rochefter, a monk, who by his letters inclofed in a
letter of yours, diredled to me, declareth himifelf to be a rank, uaitor,
the King's Highnefs's pleafure is, you (hall fend for him to feme
fuch place as you (hall think meet, and in cafe he will abide by hia-
oplnion, to caufe him to be juftified there, and executed according
to the laws.

And as concerning Sir Stephen Hamerton and Nicholas Tempeft*,
whom you write will be ready to come up, upon privy feals to be
fent for them ; his Grace is content that you (hall command them
to come up at liberty, if you (hall think they will fo do, without
fuch fear as (liould caufe them to ftart. But if you (hall have any
doubt in them, his Grace requireth you to fend them up, according

Who were both after found guilty of treafon, and executed.

STATE PAPERS.

ic before the-

)eak of; but

ice, in fuch

puninimcnC

D the K.ing*a
) think, that
lelayed upon
1 will in any
ceflity of his
ther refpeds
:eive by hia
rewithal we

Privy Seal,
; defrayed in
hereof, with

as you wrote
nclofed in a
rank- tiaitor,
him to feme
abide by Iiiar
ed according

to the tenor of the former letters, written for that purpofe. And ^'^^yw,^^
albeit we doubt not, but your Lordfhip doth think, that we be not «..— ^r— i^.
fo light to fend for any men in fuch fort, as was lately written for
Gregory Conyers *, unlefa there were pregnant matter dctc*f\cd
againft them; yet the King's Highncfs, at the contemplation of your
letters, is content that you fhall fufFer the faid Conyers to conic up
at his liberty, if you think he will fo do, or elfe that you fliall fend
him up, as was before prefcribed. And to conclude, his Grace
doubteth not, but your Lordftiip will caufe this matter of the apprc-
hendon of the Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conftable, and Afk, to be fet
forth in fuch a general fort, upon their treafons committed fince the
pardon, as there be no fpecialty touched or fpoken of, till they may
be fo conveyed in a mafs together, as all men may perceive the fpc-
cialties and effcds of the fame. And thus moft heartily fare you^
veil. From Chrift Clmrch f in London, the 7th of April.

Your Lordfliip's aflured, &c.

Endorfed, Dunjiiie, 10 yl^nlis, A ConfiUo Rc^io*

* Who I believe was cloared. now fat, and from him to the Duke of Nor-

t A monaltery within Aldgate, that upon folk, who had married Andcley's daiiglucr

,tlK diflblution, came to AuJeley the Lord and htirefs, and fo wa« afterwards callwl

Chaacellor, where he and the Privy Ctuncil Duke's I'lacc. • " - ■ • • i - i

16 Temped *,
/y feals to be
nmand them
do, without
lall have any
p, according

STATE PAPERS,

-■ii'm

H F- N R Y
VIII.

April 8.

.l(v;

•. 11

77je Privy Council to the Duke*

'•i

AFTER our right hearty commendations to your good Lordrtilp.
By this bearer your fervant, die fame fhall receive the Kiug's
Highnefs's letters, containing his Grace's refolution upon your fuif,
for accefs unto his prefence, (which we doubt not but your wifdom
will take in good part : conforming yourfelf to that thing that may be
moft to his contentation, and to the advancement of his affairs)
wi'.h certain other things in the fame letters contained, which we be
afliired you will fee accompliflied, as fhall appertain. And foraf-
much as we did lately write unto you, the King's Highnefs's refo-
lution touching the borders, with fuch caufes as his Grace did allcdge
for the fame ; and that we have received no anfwer thereunto, bis
Highnefs defiring to hear your farther opinion in that matter, which
he doubted not, but you have ere this time well digefted, and
thoroughly debated, hath commanded us by thefe letters, to require
your anfwer in that behalf, which we defire you we may receive by
the next meflenger.

And whereas your Lorddiip doth write, that in cafe the confcience
of fuch perfons, as did acquit Levyning, fhould be examined, the
fear thereof might trouble others in the like cafe; the King's Ma-
jefty confidering his treafon to be moft manifeft, apparent a-nd con-
fefled, and that all offenders in that cafe be principals, and none
acceffaries, doth think it very neceffary, that the means ufed in that
matter may be blotted out> as a thing which may reveal many other
matters worthy his Highnefs's knowledge : and doth therefore defire
you not only to fignify their names, as was before written unto you,
but alfo to travail all that you can, to beat out the myftery thereof.
Wherein we fuppofe alfo, you ftiall do unto his Majefty, high and
acceptable fervice. And becaufe you write, that the conveyance up

f?(Wf

STATE PAPERS.

■\ >

• • • .1*

Lordfliip. ")i

he King's ^

your (uir, j|

ir wifdona

at may be

is affairs) h

ich we be

\nd foraf-

efs's refo-

id al ledge ,

Eunto, bis

er, which ^i

;fted, and ]^
to require f

receive by

confcience , la
lined, the H

ing's Ma- '^;

and con- ^

and none ^

ed in that t^B

any other ^^B

x>re defire ^^m

unto you, ^l^B

y thereof. ^H

high and ^B

L'yance up ^H

■H

of all the prifoners that be written for, fhould require a great num- jjen j^y
ber of perfons for the furety of the fame, which fhould fomewhat v^^^-
disfurnifli you, his Grace is content you fhall caufe as many of them
to come up at their liberty, by your command, as you think will
obferve the fame : which fliall alfo alleviate the charges his Highnefs
Ihould be at in that journey. And thus moft heartily fare you well.
From the Rolls *, the 8th of April. • •

^ , , Your Lordfliip's afTured Friends..

• ' Endorfed, DurefmCi ii yfprilis. - ,i > .;

'•I.I.

* Here the Council fometimei met at the Lord CrumwcU't lodgings, who was Maftcr.or
the Rolls,

' ' ' 'I f* ■•''■: u )/, -,1. ,t i '

. t ■••',•

M' i. .. • h, A

I I ' I ' |. , ; I!

STATE PAPERS.

EDWARD
VI.

fr ti

No. IV.

[The two following letters from Roger Afcham, and Sir Richard
Moryfon, containing fome minute particularities of the Emperor
Charles V. are thought worthy to be publifhed. Sir Richard
Moryfon was a good fcholar, and we are told, read over Hero-
dotus and Demoflhenes in his journey with his Secretary, Roger
Afcham, the famous Grammarian, and one of the Revivers of
Polite Literature in England.]

Roger Afcham 5 commtmcation with Monf. D'ArraSy at
Landau^ OB, i, 1552. To Sir Richard Moryfon,

**!

... 4

AFTER your hearty commendations done, according to your
inftruftions, I dcfired his Lordfliip in your name, to take
in good part, this my coming to the Court, trufling, that he would
confider, that the defire of doing your duty to the King's Majefty,
did move you to fend me to him at this time. For now, when you
had learned, that the Ambaffador of Portugal was in the Court, and
that you were fent from a greater Prince than he was, you trufted
his wifdom would confider, that you could not make a good reckon-
ing at home, of your duty abroad, except you might be both in the
Court and in the Camp as well as he. Therefore your fuit was, that
you might alfo forthwith come thither ; for his Lordfliip might be well
afliired, that he of Portugal, nor the King his maftcr, could be more
glad the one to write, and the other hear, of the Emperor's mofl:
profperous fuccefs, in all this journey, than you were, both prcfently

here,

STATE PAPERS.

51r Richard
le Emperor
>ir Richard
over Hero-

Liry, Roger
Revivers of

Arrasy at
loryfon,

ling to your
ne, to take
at he would
g's Majefty,
, when you

Court, and

you trufted
:ood reckon -

both in the
lit was, that
light be well
»uld be more
pcror's moft

th prcfently
here,

here, and alfo to write it diligently home; nor no Prince nor country Edward
more in daily expeflation of the Emperor's Majefty's lucky proceed-
ings, than is the King's Highnefs our Matter, and all his whole realm
of England ; and here I paufed.

Monf. D'Arras*s anfwer was, — As concerning the Ambaflador of
Lufitania (for fo he named him always) I pray you defire your
Mafter not to think much, that the Emperor at this time hath given
order to the Ambaflador, and to Secretary Grofs, to intreat for ihe
convey of his daughter to her hufband, the K: .g of Lufitane's fon,
which is the only caufe of the abode of that Ambaflador in this
Court. And folikewife, if your Ambaflador had any matter of intreaty
betwixt the two Princes, he may come or fend at his pleafurc.
Likewife I truft he will confider, that it fliandeth the Emperor much
in hand to be well aflTured that under the pretence of the Am-
baflador 's retinues, the enemies have not too open means to look
into his Majefty's matters and doings. Therefore, except feme fpe-
cial matter of the Emperor and the Princes whom they ferve, do
require otherwife, all Ambafladors muft be content that his Majefly,
for his own private affairs, do, as his wifdom fhall lead him thereunto.
And concerning the King your Matter's glad expedation for the
profperous fuccefs, his Majefty thereof is mott aflured. And here
the Bifliop with a friendly countenance faid unto me, yc know thcfe
matters do belong not a little to the King your mafter, for ye are
not ignorant how this year the Frenchmen have robbed England
above 150,000!.; and befide all old fpltcs of France done unto En"--
land, wc truft the King's Majefty, his honou able Council, and
realm, cannot forget how unjuftly not long fince the French King
hath dealt with him, in his younger years, even when he was
troubled with ftirs at home, ncc id ratione jiijl'i bclli^ fed pot his injujli
iatrochiii, ut alias confuevit facere, (theic were his words') as the
Emperor's Majefty was always England's Friend, as lils anceftois
have been, and will continue unto his life's end. His words were

^* carneftly

1:|fi

''f

■'.y,i

STATE PAPERS.

i f

j, ^ ill

EDWARD earneftly fpoke in thefe matters, which being too deep for me t»
wade in, I thought not good to enter into them ; but thus much I
thought it meet to fay, that I knew the King's wifdom and his
Council, did fo weigh, he his honour, and they the fafety of his
perfon and wealth of his realms, as neither wrong would be
borne, nor benefits be forgotten, which were done to his Grace and
his realm, and fo turned to my errand again and faid,

Seeing the Emperor's Majefty will not have the Ambaffadors
wit'^ their retinue in his camp, yet becaufe my Mafter knowcth,
that certain agents be fuffered to tarry in the Court, at leaft it might
pleafe your Lordfhip, that John Bernardin the King's Majefty 's fer-
vant, may attend likewife there, who might without fail
there fpeedily write home, his Majefty's good proceeding in thi»
journey.

His anfwer was. Indeed certain agents belonging to cities and
Princes under his Majefty, as from F. Gonzaga Pietro di Toledo,
Piacenza, &c. remain in this Court to ferve the Emperor's own pur-
pofes for thefe places, but all other muft be content to follow his
order ; for aflure yourfelf, no agent, fecretary, or man of any Am-
baflador fhall be fuffered to write or tell out, what is done here, but
if they be taken, they muft fuffer fuch order as is appointed by the
Emperor's Majefty. And lohn Bernardin lefs than any other. For
when I was on the other fide of the Roan, Bernardin came unto me,
as he faid, to take his leave of me, for on the next morrow he would
take his journey into England, faying he could not agree with my
Lord Ambaffador, purpofing, belike, hoc fermone nw capere^ which
thing I was not content to hear, but fo difmifled him. And furely
if he come any more to this C'ourt, jiiheho ilium apprehendi ct com-
prehendi vincuiu^ and I pray you tell him fo for me, if it be your
chance to fee him hereafter. And I pray you commend me heartily
to my Lord Ambaffador, and tell him, he fliall, of all AmbaffaJors,
be the firft certified of our affairs, and in his private matters he
J muft

for me to

us much I
n and his
ety of his
would be
Grace and

nbafllidors
knovvcth,
\ it might
jefty's fer-
hout fail
ig in this

cities and
i Toledo,
own pur-
follow his
any Am-
here, but
ed by the
her. For
unto me,
he would
with my
•"f, which
lud furely
fi ct com-
t be your
e heartily
bafliidors,
latters he
muil

■i^r

STATE PAPERS.

mud be content to fend neither you, nor no other of his men, but EDWARD
write by fome belonging to this Court, and I will friendly and
fpeedily difpatch his requefts. And thus I, having fpeedy accefs at
my coming, and gently difmifled at my parting, came my way.

R. A.

Sir Richard Moryfon to the Lords of the Council,

"PLEASE it your good Lordfliips. The King's Majefty's inftruc-
tions, with letters from your honours, bearing date the 24th of
September, I received at Spires, the 4th of this month ; which as
foon as I had well perufed, and learned the King's Highnefs's plea-
fure, then I forthwith made towards the Court, where I found fuch
favour, as I had accefs to his Majefty, almoft as foon as I came ; for
I fent my Secretary from me, which had ridden half the way, to
fhow Monf. D' Arras * that I was coming to the Court, with letters
from the King my Mafter to the Emperor, and fomewhat I had alfo
to fay by word of mouth from his Highnefs unto his Majefty, truft-
ing that forafmuch as Ambafladors might not long bide nigh the camp
he would help fhortly that I might have audience. And becaufe
fuch good will as D'Arras (bowed at this my coming, may give your
honours the better to judge of the Emperor's gladnefs from mine
arrival, I will orderly touch what he did. At my Secretary's com-
ing, D'Arras was with the Emperor, and fo finding Mr. Adrian of
the Emperor's chamber, Afcham made him the means that D'Arras
came to him ftrait, who learning the caufe of his coming, went in,
and told the Emperor the matter, and forthwith bad Afcham go
home with him, for I {hould ftraitway be provided of a lodging.
By chance I went into the town, when D'Arras was going
home to his houfe, who very gently willed me to go home
with him, for I Ihould fliift me in his lodging, and do what

• Bifhop of Arras, afterwards Cardinal Granville.

li 2 \ would

Oftobcr :

i^ i

» : ,1!

'■I . I

STATE PAPERS.

EDWARD I would, till the Emperor had word, that I was now come, or till

the Fourriers had provided mc a houfc of mine own ; and fbrtiiwith he

fent for Anwerpe the harbinger, to whom he gave commandment

in the Emperor's name, that he fliould fee me well lodged. I faid,

to be lodged was enough for a night or two; well lodged was not

to be fought for, of fiich as would follow camps. I rode a good way

in the town at his right hand, he ufiiig me vvith great humanity,

and being come to his houfe, he brought me into his bed-chamber,

to the which he willed me in any wife to fend for my mail, and fo

to (hift me there. While it was coming, he afked me, what news ?

I told him, I had brought with me none but good, and, as I thought,

would much content the Emperor's Majcfly. He afkcd me, how

the King's Highncfs did ; and after I had faid what I thought, both

of his Majefty's health, increafe of ftrcngth, virtues, &c. he alked

me, how we did with France, whether tlic French made reflitution

of fuch goods, as they had violently taken from us, or not. I faid,

I could not tell, but I heard, that there was good and large promifes

that all fhould be reftored, and the injury might be thought the lefs,

that in time of war, and in time of peace, pirates and fuch robbers

and freebooters ail without laws. He replied, faying, they were a

Ihrewd fort of pirates that had taken aoo,oool. from our merchants.

Whereunto I anfwered, it were too much, if it were a good deal

fhort of that fum, and yet I heard the French King had promifed

reftitution of all that could be juftly demanded ; and with this my

mail came, and the Bifhop faid, he would let me alone till I had

changed my apparel. While my men brought me fuch things as I

did mind to wear, his fervap.ts did fetch me a brufh, water for my

hands, and after this, they caft a couple of napkins upon the table,

and brought in a pafty of red deer, and faid, there was a couple of

partridges at the fire, and would ftraitway be ready. I told them,

I had dined at Spires, and yet the Bifliop, now knowing that my

men had done with me, came again, and willed mc to tafte of the

4 venifon,

ijil

STATE PAPERS.

VI.

veniron, that I might tafte of his wine. I faw a difli of olives, and EDWARD
fo did cat one of them, and brought him good luck in a cup of wine,
which he would needs I fhould tafte. His kindnefs was very great,
in comparilbn of any that ever I received in this Court, and I thought
my good lucks came together, for Bernardine was gone that morning
towards England, as he told divers, and I was thus cockered of the
Bifliop at afternoon, which both were fuch news to me, and fo
welcome, that I wift not whether I was gladder, that Bernardine
was gone from this Court, or of this my rare entertainment with
D*Arra8 ; but I muft go on in order with my matter. I, for that I
had more lift to talk than to eat, would no venifon, and therefore
the pafty was carried to my men, and they much made of. He and
I fell to talking again, he groping to know mine errand, and I keep-
ing it for the Emperor. He alked me, whether the ports were fimt
in England, as he had word from Flanders, or no ? I faid, I neither
knew of any caufe why they fhould be kept, or heard of any keeping
of them, more than that he had faid. And whilft we thus talked,
his Chamberlain came from the Court, and told him, that the Em-
peror did now look for me. D'Anas feeing my horfe without a
foot-cloth, did offer me his mule. But I gave him thanks, and,
faving your honours, in bufkings and fpurs, and other fliort ap-
parel, made my horfe ferve me well enough. And in going I
faid, I knew well mine errand would now not be long hid from him.
He brought me forth of his houfe, and tarried abroad, till I was
on horfeback, then alfo courteoufly with his cap in hand, taking
leave of me ; and thus being come to the Court, I found Adrian of
the chamber waiting for me, who was fo ready to bring me in to
the Emperor, that I was fain to intreat him, to give me leave to
breathe me a little, for that I had come apace up a long pair of (lairs.
Upon this fhort paufe, I followed Adrian, and found the Emperor
at a bare table without a carpet, or any thing elfe upon it, favin"- his
clock, his brufii, his fpeftacles, and his picktooth. At my coming

in.

STATE PAPERS.

EDWARD
VI.

*<;

in, I offered to ftand upon that fide of his Majefty, which was next
to the door, but it being on his left hand, he willed me to go almoft
round about the table, that I might ftand on his right fide, perhaps
for that he heareth better on the one fide than on the other ; but as
I took it, he did it to honour the King my mafter. Here, after the
delivery of the King's Highnefs's letters, which his Majefty received
very gently, putting his hand to his bonnet, and uncovering the
better part of his head, I did efforce myfelf with as good a coun-
tenance as I could, and with as good words as my wit would ferve
me to devife, in the riding almoft of twenty Englifh miles, to fhow
the gladnefs of the King my Mafter, for that his Majefty, in fo long
and painful a journey, either had his health continually, or was by
being fometime indifpofed, foon brought to perfefter health. I did
fay befides much more, there could be few that did more rejoice
at his Majefty's fo honourable and fortunate approaching towards the
Low Countries, than did the King my Mafter, who did repute all
his Majefty's good fucceftes, to be as his own, and as glad as of any
that could happen to himfelf ; befeeching his Majefty to believe me
in this, I added nothing of mine own, but faithfully did fay in
Italian, that the King's Majefty had, word for word, appointed me in
Englifti, and faid the King's Majefty even in thefe years, did con-
tend with his noble father either in loving the Low Countries of
Flanders, or in defire to fliow pleafure to his Majefty, Lord of them.
He did not fulfer me to go on, but with the leaft paufe that I could
make, he d^C utter unto me in gentle words, that he took the King
his good bi other's letters in very thankful part, and took his fa-
lutations, anc' fending of me to him with fuch a friendly meftage, as
they did right well deferve, faying, as well as he could (for he was
newly rid of his gout and fever, and therefore his nether lip was
in two places broken out, and he forced to keep a green leaf within
his mouth, at his tongue's end, a remedy as I took it, againft fuch
his drynefs, as in his talk did increafe upon him), faying therefore

STATE PAPERS.

hich was next
e to go alnioft

fide, perhaps

other ; but as
lere, after the
ajefty received
incovering the

good a coun-
it would ferve
miles, to fhow
ifty, in fo long
illy, or was by
health. I did
d more rejoice
ng towards the

did repute all

glad as of any
f to believe me
illy did fay in
ppointed me in
ears, did con-
N Countries of

Lord of them.
Life that I could

took the King
id took his fa-
idly meflage, as
uld (for he was
nether lip was
reen leaf within
it, againil fuch
aying therefore
a$

as well as he could, he neither had nor could forget the King's tlDWARD

■■A

Majefty's Father's love, at fundry times flicwn unro him, nor deceive
that truft, which at his death he did put him in, recommending
unto his truft, the King his fon. He would not forget the amity,
that fo many years had lafted between the realm of England and
the houfe of Burgundy ; he truded the King his good brother had
in thefe his young years, found friendfhip and no hurt at his hand,
and that he had feen a defirc in him perpetually to prcfcrve this an-
tieni amity, ufing this fentence, that old amities which had been long
tried, and found good, are to be made much of; and this he fpakc a
little louder than he did the reft, as though he would, indeed, have me
think that he did earneftly mean, that he faid. And yet hath he a
face, that is as unwont to difclofe any hid affection of his heart, as any
face that ever I met withal in my life ; for there all white colours,
which, in changing themfelves, are wont in others to bring a man
certain word, how his errand is liked or mifliked, have no place in
his countenance ; his eyes only do bewray as much as can be picked
out of him. He maketh me oft think of Solomon's faying. Heaven
is high, the earth is deep, a King's heart is unfearchable ; there is
in him almoft nothing that fpeaketh, bcfides his tongue, and that at
this time, by reafon of his leaf, and forenefs of his lip, and his
accuftomed foftnefs in fpeaking, did but fo fo utter things to be well
underftood, without great care to be given to his words ; and yet he
did fo ufe his eyes, fo move his head, and order his countenance,
as I might well perceive, his great defire was, that I fiiould think
all a good deal better meant, than he could fpcak it ; and as I dare
in fo weighty a matter, I do furely think, he meant the moft of
what he faid. Sure I am, he is too wife not to wiOi the King's
Majefiy to be fully his.

When he did paufe, and that I had licence to fpeak again, I en*-
tered into the Turk's matter, faying as much therein, as might both
fhow, in what peril Chriftendom is and what praife the King's Ma-
jefty's good nature did worthily dcferve, which being fartheft off of

all.

«i

STATE PAPERS.

'I :

■-..ill

EDWARD all CluiAian Princes from the danger, is the firft and readied of them
all, to think upon the remedy. And in this his Majefty's great zeal
did appear, that he offered his aid, only for pity borne to the mi-
fcrable ftatc of Chriftendom ; not defired to it, but moved rather by
the harm like to light upon his friends, than upon himfelf, although
by courfe of nature his Majefty was like enough to live while part
of the mifery might be felt even in England, if the Turk fliould
do his will in Hungary, and in thefe coalls of Germany, which two
years together he had very cruelly aflaulted ; making the King*s
ofi'cr, I did fay, when his Majefty (hould fee it expedient, he was
fully bent to accord with him and other Chriftian Princes and Eftates
for the abafing of fuch a cruel and common enemy, not only to the
Chrillians, but to Chrift himfelf. And here he faid, my good bro-
ther meaneth this his aid, only againft our enemy the Turk. I faw
he liked this offer as it were well enough, but he made not much
of it, thinking in very deed, as I might perceive, to have heard
fomewhat of joining of forces againft another enemy of his, to whom
he bearcth as little good-will as he can do to the Turk, as at whofc
hands he hath received more difpleafures, than at the Turk's. And
here, he having fo good an occafion to have faid fomewhat of the
French King, whether it was for that he fpake with fome pain, or
whether he would that I fliould fpeak firft againft him, did not fo
much as once name him ; howbeit, I do guefs, he looked for fomc
dircd anfvvcr of the fuit which the Regent* made to the King's
Majefty, as concerning the aid for Luxemburgh, wherein I would
have made a foul error, if, the Emperor faying nothing, I would
have fought redrefs thereof. For how could I have found his grief
but I muft have granted there was juftcaufe of his grief? and there-
fore he hiding the fore, it was not my part to complain. And for
this caufc, the more he fccmed indifferent to prefs mc, the more lay
1 in wait not to pafs my commifTion, being content to reftrain my talk.

The Regent of the Netherlands, the Emperor's fifter.

and

STATE PAPERS.

ladiefl: of tliem
fty's great zeal
me to the rai-
jved rather by
nfelf, although
live while part
s Turk (hould
tiy, which two
ng the King's
;dient, he was
:cs and Eflates
lot only to the
my good bro-
Turk. I faw
lade not much
to have heard
f his, to whom
k, as at whofc
Turk's. And
mewhat of the
bme pain, or
m, did not fo
lokcd for fomc
to the King's
lerein I would
ling, I would
Jund his grief
f ? and there-
tin. And for
the more lay
ftrain my talk,

and

and to think hf meant to anfwer me by D'Arras, ufing in very deed EDWARD
feldom to determine his pleafure out of hand, where D'Arras hath '-■ » •*
brought the matter to him before. And yet I faid fo much to him
herein, that hi« Majefty faid, he did very much rejoice to hear the
zeal in fo young a King to find fo good a will, fo great a defire, to
mean good to fo many, and prayed me to give to hie good brother
from him, his hearty thanks, for this his good and princely offer.
And when I had promifed his Majefty to do both it, and any thing
elfe that might pertain to the duty of a good Minifter, he gave me
his hearty thanks, but I did perceive he looked for better news at
my hands, and thought all thefe the leaft part of mine errand. It
may be he had heard, before my coming, how the French (hips were
ftaycd in England, which news were fo brim in the Court at mine
arrival, that while I was with the Emperor, Secretary Bane was in
hand with Afcham, to know whether I had brought with me the
confirmation of thefe news or not, faying he was the Emperor's
Secretary, and therefore he might truft hini with news, which he
fhould (hortly know, though he did not tell him the fame. Yea,
they had alio bruited it in the Court, before my coming, that our
Ambaflador in France, had faid in exprcfs terms to the French King,
that if he did not forthwith make reflitution of fuch goods as were
wrongfully taken from our merchants, he had commandment from
the King our Mafter, to denounce him cruel war. It was alfo re-
ported and allowed in Court, for true news, that our ports were
kept fluit, and that none might pafs out of England to any place,
that perchance he that looked to hear all thefe good news, and
more too at my coming, thought I had told him very little, having
but a meant aid againft the Turk to tell him. For men do fooncr
find a lack when ihcy mifs that they hoped for, than take thankfully
that they think on. I feeing no occafiun to fpeak of any man to be
fciit into England, did as I was bidden, in en-ling my mellage, leave
the conlidcration thereof to his Majefty 's wifdom, not miftrufting

1 but

!:^

■W!i .■

5$ 8TATEPAPERS.

«DWA(R© tbutlihould htvc good occafion to make the ofFer to D'Arras, if
the Emperor (hould fecm earncftly to mind die matter. Whereupon
I paufing, the Emperor (uid, he would (hew his whole plcafure to
D*Arra6> as touchiag this his good brother's offer. And putting his
hancl, as he could, to his cap, Teemed to me to crave an end of this
talk. 'Whereupon I, after I had looked, if there were any thing
clfe that his MajeAy would fay to me, and found he had no more
to fay, I with an humble mantier as I could, took my leave of his
Majefty. I was not fo foon gone out of the Court, hut 1 found the
£i{hop's Chamberlain waiting for me, who brought me to my houfc,
which was where the Palfgrave lay, all the time he was at Court.
Perhaps, if D'Arras had known mine errand before, I might have
l>een worfe lodged, and have found no man to condudt me to my
lodging. The Chamberlain had commiflion to will me to fend to
jny Lord his MaAer, for wine, and what I wanted bcfides, which I
did, and luid birds and fowl offered my man, with a pady of red
deer, but he brought me nothing but a flaggon of his wine, and ftuir
or five caft of his manchets. I was in mine houfc an hour and more,
before it was time to fupper, and thought D'Arras would have fent
for me to talk to him ; but whether it were that he looked that I
fliould make him offer, or whether it were for that he had other
bufinefs, he fent not for me, till it was nine o'clock in the morning-
after ; at which hour, his Chamberlain came for me, and I went
flraight way to him. He faid, the Emperor's Majefty had font to him
to know, whether I had been with him or no, and hearing that I
had not been with him fince my talk with his Majefty, he fent again,
wiiiing him to talk with me, and to require of me, whether 1 had
any particular matters touching the prcfcnt occurrents, and to pray
me that I would declare them unto D'Arras. Mine anfwer was,
if I had been conu/ianded to fay more to hi

lajofly

I would be loth to live, while I might be juftly charged with it.

1 had kept no jot from his Majefly that i was willed to fay unto

9 him.

STATE PAPERS.

him. 1 thought the news good as they were, and was glad I EDWAPn
might bring them hither, as well for that they did both (how a great
good nature in the King my Maftcr, and alio a great care in him
toward the fafety of the Emperor s Hate, honour, and dominions.
I thought if other Princes might be by long intreaty, as well per-
fuaded to fet upon fo noble an enterprifc, as the King of England
was bent to it out of his own good nature, the Turk (hould be driven
to do hurt fomewhere elfe, or to do none to Chriftendoni from
henceforth. D'Arras told me, if I had no more, he would go to
the Emperor, and fay, his Majefty had heard as much as I had
commiflion to fay. It feenieth they would fain have given me a
new commifTion. Mine anfvver vv'as, he fliould do well lb to do, for
1 was a Minirter, and could not appoint myfelf, to fay any thing
in my Mailer's name, without a warrant for it ; from myfelf I could
fay fomewhat, not as Ambaflador, nor one bidden to lay it, but as
one that, with the King my Mailer, did carneftly wilh a lafety to
all the Emperor's things; and if he would give me leave to lay alidc
mine office, mine Ambalfadorlhip, and privately to talk with him,
as a poor friend might fpcak with an Emperor's great Counfcllor, I
would tell him what I vhought ; marry, I would fay it to hear no
more of it. Dy the way from Spires hitherward, I thought I faw I
might be bold with the Emperor's Majefty, to have faid unto him,
that he ftiouUl do well to fend fome fpecial men both to the King's
Majefty, and alfo to other Princes, deviling with each of them,
how this league agaiiift the Turk might be well iTiadej and if
you think as I do, let me fit out, and make the dcvife your own ; if
■ye like it not, I fliall better bear it to be counted unwife, than un-
willing to help forward that which I take to be fo beneficial to all
Chriftendoni. For what hurt can the Turk do to Chriftendom, if
Chriftians do not back him ? And here D'Arras faid enough againfl:
the French King, and laid he would fliow me a pretty way of writ-
ing news, and going to a coffer of his, he brought out a couple of

1 2 blanks

STATE TAPERS.

il m

'"* f'VI

1.1)VVARD hhuU fent by Darramnnt from Connantinoplc to the French

u— V J King, wherein might he written fiich news as might hell fcrve the

I-rcMch King's jnirpofc, and betaken for news come from the Turk's
Court, hccaul'c Darramont had lublcribed both the blanks with liis
blind aiul nam.e. 1 law both the blanks, but whether tliey were
Darramont's or like to he his, 1 know not. After this and much other
talk, 1 took my leave of him, and he faid he would to the Emperor.
At four o'clock his Chamberlain cometh to me again, and pravcth
me to take (o much pains as to come again to his Mailer. When
wc were both let, he told me he had lliewed the I'mperor, that what
I was commanded to fay, I had faid it all, who once again told me,
he thouglit I might of good conlidcration, for not troubling his
Majefty long, who was as yet not well recovered, have kept fome
particularities in .lore; but faith he, feeing you have nothing cll'e to
fay unto iiim, he laith thus to you, that yc mull render his molt
hearty tlianks unto his good brother, and fay that his Majelly makcih
great account of this his kind and friendly offer, and therefore will
forthwith addrefs his letter unto the Regent, that flie for her nigh-
ncfs may both underftand the prcfent occurrences of England, and
alfo know further the King's Majefty's mind, touching the ofier
which ye have in his Majefty's name made unto him, and ufe it as
fhe fliall fee caufe. And, faid he, as I told the Emperor, ye could
not enlarge your commilfion, fo I alfo told him, what yc thcuiglit as
of yourfelf, for the which your honeft and friendly advice, he gives
you his moft hearty thanks, not miftiulling, but ye that thus care-
fully do think of things, will fo let out his good will, favour and
love, to the King his good brother, as the amity may daily increafe.
The Emperor you fee is no catcher up of other men's things, but
could be well content to lack a good portion of tliat he hath, if with-
out impeachment to his honour, he could let go his juft inheritance.
And here, he faid, the Fmperor did vvifh the like godly mind in the
reft of the Princes, that he found in the King, his good brother, and

3 did

ic Fiench
\ ferve the
the Turk's
:8 with his
they were
iiiicli otljcr
: Emperor.
r1 prayttli
:v. When
, that what
in told me,
ubling his
kept Ibme
ling elfe to
;r his moll
(ly niakctli
Tcfore will
her nigh-
^iancl, and
: the oficr
d vife it a8
', yc could
thought as
, lie gives
thus carc-
avour and
y increafe.
lings, but
1, if with-
ihcritance.
ind in the
other, and
did

STATE PAP E R S.

did tnift ho 1. ")uld be a King of as great honour as hath been in
I'lngiiiul m.'i'iy hundred years. This, and ;ui huiu'.icd tiii-.cs as
inii;ii, \\: Ijukc with fucli ailtdion, as, if words may l)j 'Jiought
t .111 ui wliat they fay, there can be no more willicd lor, ilian is to
I'c hoped for. The refl: I leave to your wifdoms to weigh, mure I
c.tiniot fay in this matter. For occurrents here, there be no more
tlu:i I ': "t your honours in my lall letters. It may be, Wefton may
nu\i Willi fome by the way, for that every hour we look to hear,
that the Duke of Alva, and Marches Albeit have bicklcd logctlicr.
At the L\nirt, there is no talk of the Emperor's going from Landau.
Monfieur D'Arras has promifed to write them inito me, when there
come any good news, and if there had been any ready made, I do
not doubt but I Hunild have had fome. And thus I take me leave
mod humbly of your Lordlhips.

Trom Spira, the 7ih of Odobcr, 1553.
Vour Lordfliip's, ^c.

Richard Moryson '■■.

* This letter JiiU R, Aft.ham'8 were tranfcribcd from the originals io the I'aper Office

Vol. r.

I 3

F.DWARD

VI.

■i- a

MAR V.

' 5 5 5 •

STATE PAPERS.

No. V.

I r

>■ -.1j,;1

J'arleian
Jv

3-'

Tl)e Journey of the ^eens Ambaffadors unto Rome^ anno
15^5. The Reverend Father in God the Bipop of Ely^
and y if count Montagu .^ then Amhajfadors ; 'mho fet out
of Calais in Picardy^ on IVednefday.^ being Afh-Wed"
nefday^ the 2']th of February,

[This Journal, though not writ by one of the mofl: cliAinguidicd
perfons in the train of the Ambafladors, contains many curious
particulars of the face of the country the appearance of the great
towns, and the cuflonis of Italy at thnt time. Some minutice and
inaccuracies mull be overlooked. Tills is the lafl einbafTy which
went from England to pay public homage to the S. e of Rome.
Lord Caftlemain, fent by King James, could only .'al'lrt'ls the
Pope in the name of his Mafter, and of the Englilh Catliolies;
not that of the nation.]

F"' R O M Calais to Boulogne, fevcn leagues, paffing by Sandy*
forde Abby, and through Morgyfon, which were botli de-
ilroyed by Henry VJII.

From P.oulognc to Monftrucil, fcvcn leagues, paffing by Hardito
raftlc, which ftanilcth uptm a great marlli, and a wood on the one
fide of it. Monftrueil flandeth high .-js Boulogne doth, Boulogne
having on the iiorih-ean: and fouth fide of it, a mardi. At our be-
ing there, they were fortifying and enlarging of the town. It wr.s
better manned by much than Boulogne.

Fron^ Monrtrueil to Abbeville, ten leagues, leaving a town on the
right band. This town Handcth very ftrongly, by rcafon of marlli
grounds about it, and the river of Somme palling by it.

From

STATE PAPERS.

';/^, anno
P of Ely^
ho Jet out

linguiflicd
ly curious
r the great
inutix and
affy which

of Rome.

I'irfls the
Catholics j

)y Sandy -
both dc-

y Hardito
1 the one
Boulogne

U our be-
lt was

kvn on the
of marlli

From

From Abbeville to Amiens, ten leagues, pafling by a caftle of Mary

Monf. de Rion's of Flanders, and a bridge named Pont de Remy,
and by a houfe of the Vidarnes Pequigny, leaving always on the left
fide of us, the river of Somme. Amiens ftandeth on the river of
Soane, in a marvellous even ground, the town being walled about,
and fomc few Englifti miles in circuit } the water of Soane runneth
in feven ftreets of the town. In this town we faw the rcliques of
St. John's head, very richly cnclofcd in gold, and many precious
jewels. The church very beautiful, and adorned with cunning
workmanfliip. The Ambaffadors were lodged in the Duke of Ven-
dofme's houfe. There is alfo a place called St. Dennis church-yard,
which is thicker befct with fundry fafhioned crolTes, than any man;
can well number j and very good devotion there cuftomably (hewed,,
of all forts.

From Amiens to Breteuil, feven leagues. In our way we faw the
firft vineyards.

From Breteuil to Clermont, feven leagues. There we faw fix
piiSlures of Gentlemen hanged upon the gibbets, ftanding in the
midft of the market-place; but the gentlemen thcmfclves, were fled
away. There is very good wine at (Clermont.

From Clermont to Luzarche, feven leagues, pafling through a
town, St. Leu. We paflTed alfo over the river Oife, in a ferry-
boat. This river partcth Picardy and France.

From Luzarche to Paris, fix leagues, leaving on cur left hand, the
Conftable's houfe, called Chantilly, with a very great 'Xjole a digging
to it. We faw alfo another houfe, which the faid Conftable had but
lately built, called Ecouen ; which was praifed for the faircft houfe
in France. 1 his houfe ftandcth upon a pleafant large hill, yet in
the middle of a great plain ; the one fide is employed to corn, aud
the other full of vineyards. The hill is full of wood on every fide,
faving the top, where the houfe ftandcth ; yet is there no tree but
beareth fvuit; the grcatelt fort, chcfnuts, wallnuts, pine or fir trees.

The

555-

■irt

STATE PAPERS.

M A P y Th«» ^ni^Uer, figs, cherries, almonds* peaches, and others, which
w;.' the beholders a marvellous fight and pleafure. This houfe is
built in a quadrant form, to the height oi two (lories plain, and the
roof with gable windows caft out for a third ; the forefaid gable
windows being of a marvellous greatnefs, anfwering to the otheia
beneath, in number, fafhion, and quantity. The whol. ioufe is of
free ftone, fo white, fo great and fair as may be feen ; the covering
is of blue flatej the roof (as through all France) more railed up, than
our buildings, the which giveth much beauty to their houlcs. The
gate is made extant with pillars, and thrice vaulted, and in the
uppermofl; vault flandeth St. George on horfeback, wrought alio in
free ftone, to a marvellous greatnefs, the pillars likcwife being Tufcari
work. In the infide of the faid gate, two of the lowcft pillars arc
of blue fair marble, anfwerable to a like couple right over againft: them
on the fartheft fide, there being a like front and to

that galleries before. Of the four fides of this quadrant, the gale
fide, with that over againft it, are appointed to two galleries, the
other couple to chambers. The galleries of the gate arc of a lower
roof than the other three, and therefore hath but his gallery above
of a high vaulted roof, and his terrafs beneath, open to the court
and quadrant. This gallery is twenty-one feet broad, and eighty in
length : the pavements arc very broad, and like even, ftaincu with
the arms of the Crown and Peers of France, the King's pocfy being
Donee totum impknt orbem. The roof within is gilt, the ridge tiles
without are alfo gilt. The cicling wiihin is ol walnut. 'J'he otiicr
gallery was hanged with rich arras, where was alio a chart uf the
Holy Land, made of divers woods, and of natural culours, fit in
finall pieces, as the dcmonftration of the laid places required, and
fcemed rather to have l)een done with the pencil, than otherwife.
At the end of ilie gallery, under [he f.Mm. ruof, is the chapel, the
cicling whereof is like v.'orkmanihip to the chart afore-named, of
JBra/il, funic, walnut tree, and oihi.r like woods, joined ia tijc

l-j^ines

■' ■,«■'«-»

STATE PAPERS.

icrs, which

his houfe is

lin, and the

\'i

refaid gable

) the othei3

1 '

. ioui'e is of

the covering

fed up, than

oul'cs. The

and in the

flight alio la

)cing Tufcati

ft piUars arc

againft them

1 to

nt, the gale

jallerics, the

I of a lower

■ C

;allcry above

to the court

nd eighty in

iLiincil with

¥'

poefy being

ic lidgc tiles

'] he other

chart o^ the

(lours, ftt in

.Ij

.cjuired, and

ill otherwirc.

liiapel, the

c-namcd, of

incd in tlje

iiiMUVy

figures of the apoftles, and other curious works. The table of the
altar, with the images thereabout, be of white marble, with two
pillars of fine jett. The chambers are not great, but very well con-
veyed, having a narrow gallery to convey you to every one of them
apart; but the gallery is clofe, and appears not outward to them
that be in the court. The chimneys ftand two feet off the wall into
the chambers, and yet feem not to hurt the room, nor the fight
thereof, becaufe they be raifed in the midft of the fide of the cham-
ber, having a fide light of the window ; and again, they keep
even largenefs to the roof of the chamber; all above the mar-
ble, planted with pleafant works, and in oil coloured. In the court
ftandeth an huge great horfe of copper, which (hall be fet upon the
gate, with the image of the King upon the back of him.

Within two leagues of this houfe is St. Dennis, where all the
Kings of France be buried, and fometimes crowned. But the ap-
pointed place of coronation is at a city called Rheims in Champagne.
The town of St. Dennis is neither fair nor large, but the church
is great, and the treafurc alfo. In this church we faw the flirine of
St. Dennis made of filver, and gilt, and a great roode of clean gold,
lacking but one arm, the which Francis the French King took away
to maintain his wars ; adjoining inflead thereof, for recompence,
one of filver, and gilt. There is alfo one whole unicorn's horn,
which was almoft two ells long grown taper wife, and wreathed, as
we fee it commonly painted. This horn is but flender to the length,
yet notwithftanding maflive and heavy. There was alfo St. Dennis's
head (ut dicitur) richly enclofcd in gold, and befet with precious
ftones and orient pearl. Likewife a piece of the holy crofs, and one
of the nails wherewith Chrift was nailed thereto, fet in gold. We
were alfo brought into the treafiiry there, where we faw reliques in
another place with ornaments of the King and Queen's coronation.
And fir^ I faw thefe reliques, a piece of the holy crofs, in a crofs of
gold; the finger of St. Thomas that he put into the wound of our

K. Lord :

MARY.

'55;-

.•'H

'I'll

STATE PAPERS.

Lord ; a griffin's claw trimmed with filver, as great as a hunter's
horn of the middle fort ; St. Bencdift's head ; St. Dennis's Penncr and
Inkhorn ; a Cup was Solomon's, and one other made of an Agather,
of a marvellous greatnefs and riches. I faw alfo the crowns of the
King and Queen : upon the King's crown, a ruby as big as a wall-
nut, and on every part fei with ftones. Alfo the fword and fcepter
of the Kings, fet with mafly gold, the knob thereof being fct with
diamonds and pearl. Alfo the King's fpurs of gold, and the por-
traitures of Nero, Charlemaync, and other Emperors.

Between St. Dennis and Paris, there are divers crofles, much like
to churching crofles, but not fo big altogether, nor fo high ; whera
(as it is faid) St. Dennis refled after he was beheaded.

Thus rode we towards Paris where Monf. le Bois Dauphin met
the AmbalTadors in the highway to Paris, which city ftandeth fome-
•wliat low upon the river of Seine, which divideth the univerfity
from the town, compaffing round about the city, which lieth between
them both as an ifle, yet is Paris altogether of a round form. It is very
fair and great, and full of merchants ; but the ftreets be very foul,
by reafon their houfcs be very high and the ftreets very narrow. The
city alone hath nineteen churches in it, with the great church of
Notre Dame, in the fteeple whereof, hangeth a bell, weighing
33,000 lb. The French King hath a huufc there called Louvre.

I faw in Paris the wonderful inftrument of C^rnncius, then alive;
therein was to be fecn the courfc of the fcvcn planets prefently mov-
ing, with afpetfls the one to the other. I alfo fivv the coining houfc,
with the new coins fo perfcdliy flamped, that in my judgment no
man is able to contcrfcit the fame. The mill that ftandeth in the
midft of Seine, fcrveth to ftrike the bullion, and the work is fo fpecdy,
that putting in a lalhe of metal an inch thick, and a foot long, he
bringeth it quickly to the thinncfs of a French fous, and the thickncfs
fulficient to the ftamp is, when the lathe will enter in a little notch,

that

STATE PAPERS.

a hunter's
Pcnner and
m Agather,
wns of the

; as a wall-
and fcepter
ng fct with
nd the por-

, much like
igh ; whcra

auphin met
ndeth fome-
e univerfity
ieth between
1. It is very
le very foul,
arrow. The
t cinirch of
weighing
.GUV re.
then alive;
"ently mov-
nirig houfc,
(Igmcnt no
Icth in the
is fo fpecdy,
)ot long, he
c thicknefs
little notch,
that

that is in a fteel . Wc tarried there the fcventh, eighth, and MARY,

ninth day.

From Paris to Melun, feven leagues, leaving on the left hand, one
league from Paris, acaftleof the King's, built by King Henry V. King
of England, named Bois de Vincenne, where all the prifoners taken in
the wars againft the Emperor, do lie in hold ; and fo palling through
two towns, the one called I'ontCharcnton, and the other Ville Neuve
St. George. At Pont Charenton there meeteth two rivers, Marne
and Seine, and fo runneth to Paris. Almofl: at the gate we went out
of, ftandeth the caftle, called the Duke of Bedford's caftle, and the
Baftdlion, without the gate, where the Frenchmen now build a pace.
In Melun ftandeth a caftle environed with the river of Seine, built
by Engliflimen.

From Melun to Fountainbleau, four leagues, where the French
King's Court lay. Two miles off^ the Court, certain gentlemen of
the King's houfe met our Lords, and courteoufly entertained them,
and brought them the neareft way to the Court, where they lovingly
received them, and led them into a gallery, where they had every
one of them prepared a very f^iir lodging, coftly hanged, and fet
forth with as rich beds as might be feen. The houfe is called Fon-
tainbleau, for the goodly foui.i'in it hath in the houle, and the fair-
nefs of the water. This houfe is both beautiful and larger than any
I had before feen in France or England. I may refemble the ftate
thereof to the honour of Hampton Court, which as it pafleth Fon-
tainblcau, with the great hall and chambers, fo is it inferior in outward
beauty and uniformity, which pralfcth all kind of building moft, for
tlic covering thereof h blue flate, and all the reft of free ftone.

There is an out court or quadrant, whereof one ilde is a gallery,
to walk in, being in length fix hundred feet. There is alfo on the
fouth fide a garden, having in it a great pond, the walks and allies
fliadowed with pine and Cyprus trees. At the end of one of the
allies is a vault curioufly counterfeited as out of the rock natural,

K 2 whither

»ff

STATE PAPERS.

Henry II.

Medicis.

whifhcr they do repair to refrcfli themfelvea in hot weather. There
is another garden more privy, fet full of antiquities of copper. In
the face of the great lodging, rifeth a great fountain, as I have faid,
fpouting with five fpouts upright, out of a natural rock, or elfe, very
naturally wrought. This houfe ftandeth in a valley, compalTed
.about with rocky hills, but not very great ; and the country is foreft,
full of deer, wolves, and wild boars. The name of the foreft is
Barre, the houfe ftandeth three leagues within it every way. The
Lords came to the Court about four o'clock, and within one hour
after were brought to the King's prefcnce, who received them very
genteelly, and embraced as many gentlemen of the train as came
unto him. After the Lords had fome talk with the King, they
were brought into the Queen's chamber of prcfence, where the
Cathfrine de French Queen, accompanied with the Queen of Scots, and two of
her own daughters, were ready to receive them. From thence they
departed to their lodgings, where were ready to wait upon them,
divers of the French King's gentlemen, being appointed to attend
them dinner and fupper during their abode there. The next day
after, being the nth day, the reft of the train that could not be
lodged at the Court came thither, and dcfired certain Scottifli gen-
tlemen, that they might fee the Queen of Scots; who being told of
their defire to fee her, immediately fhe very courteoufly came forth
out of her privy chamber into her chamber of prcfence amongft us
all, and faid unto us, flie was very glad to fee us, calling us her
countrymen. About four o'clock this afternoon the French King
came from hunting the wild boar, and then the Lords went and took
their leave of him, and the King embraced them, and as many of
their gentlemen as came unto him. That done, the fame niglit they
departed from the Court, and rode to St. Mathurin's. The King is a
goodly tall gentleman, well made in all the parts of his body, a very
grim countenance, yet very gentle, meek, and well beloved of all
his fubjcClfi.

# We

if?

ler. There
copper. In
I have faid,
or elfe, very
, com pa (Ted
try is forcftt
the forcfl ia
way. The
in one hour
d them very
rain as came
King, they
where the
and two of
thence they
upon theoH
ted to attend
le next day
ould not be
jcottifli gen-
)eing told of
came forth
amongft us
lling us her
"rench King
cnt and took
I as many of
ic night they
he King is a
)ody, a very
loved of all

; ■ {

'•;i

-4

STATE PAPERS.

6c,

We remained all this, the 12th day, at St. Mathurln's. This St. ^ a r v.

IS5J.
Mathurin (as they faid) is a holy man, that can help mad men and * ■ » ••*

women, within nine days fpacc, if they do this that follows. The

Prieft, when Mafs is done, muft call for the madmen or womeni

to come and kneel before the altar, and when he had faid certain

prayers, he muft come and lay flannel upon their heads, and,

making the fign of the Crofs, fay certain words over them ; that ended,

they rife, and go round about the altar four times, and at every time,

kifs the four brazen pillars that ftand about the altar. Then muft

they offer up mto St. Mathurin, a pottle-pot full of wine, three

loaves of bread, and a French fous in money, which in value in our

Englifli money is ij^/. ob. q. and doing this for the fpacc of liiiic

days together, they fay they (hall have their right wits again.

From St. Mathurin to Montargis, eight leagues, this town ftandetli
fo well for wood, water, and meadow, as I have not fecn the like
in all France before. There ftandeth a caftlc, fair for all lodgings ;
but of no force, the which fometime (as they fay) was in the keep-
ing of my Lord Talbot. The houfe is of great reccit, and very
flately. 1 he hall hath a pair of ftairs fifty-fix fteps going up to,
it hath alio fix chimnies in it, fixty-five paces long, and twenty
paces broad. I'here ib both a guard chamber and a chamber of pre-
ibcnce, the which I ha^e not feen in other places in that country.

From Montargis t(j Briare, nine leagues. By this town runneth,
the ^jreatcft river in France, called Loyre, leaving it always upon our
right hand. It parteth the dutchy of Berry from Nyvernoys, and
from Barboys.

From Briare to Cone, eight leagues, through a town called Bony.
From Cone to la Gharitc, eight leagues, leaving on the riglit fide of
us, over the river of I.oyre, a town called Saucer, with a caille in it
of great force, which town of late is called young, Chenevy, of
divers men, becaufc of their loligion.

From La Charite to Nevers, five long leagues. As we rode by
the river of Loyre, wc faw water mills iUinding upon boats in the.

main

STATE PAPERS.

Ji
t

ill

•t4

•.1

■At'

'itl

MARY, main river, Ito be removed by the millers to any other place they
like better, as they lift. At Ncvcrs is a bridge twenty-five fcorc
paces over, upon the which wc paflcd the river of Loyre, and there
left it.

From Nevers to St. Pierre le Monaftcr, five long leagues. This
is a little walled town, where the Juftices of the country ufe it, and
keep their lofTions.

From St. Pierre Ic Monafter to Moulins, through a town called
Villcneuve, leaving the river Allicr on our right hand, the which
runneth into Loyre. This town of Moulins, is the chiefcft town in
Borbonnois, where is a great and ancient houfc of the Duke of Bour-
bon's, commodious conduits and gardens. There is a conduit hav-
ing out of the midft of the ftem an artichoke bearing four ripe as it
were, and one feeded, and out of the leaves fpringetli water, as rain,
very artificially wrought in copper and gilt. Here we faw oranges,
lemons, pomegranates, growing by labour and diligence of men;
for the trees be growing with barrels filled with good earth, and
in the winter be removed, under terrafles and houfes made of pur-
pofe, and are ever brought out again the fpring, into the garden
again. In the garden be two goddly banqueting houfes, the one of
them hath water about it, and the other a great many of finging
birds in it, of divers forts, and at every corner of it, a great hart's head
ftanding, with many other goodly commodities.

There is a bone of a man to be fccn, v»'hofc length was fixteen
feet, and found in Vicnne in Dauphine. Furthermore I faw there
the proportion of divers cities, with the walls, churches, and bul-
warks, carved in wood very curioufly.

From Moulins to la Palice, ten leagues. This town ftandcth
upon a hill, the country round about it, being forcfl and heath.

From la Palice to Roanne, fix long leagues, paiTing a finall moun-
tain. There we palled the river of Loyre, a3 we go out of the
town towards Italy.

Fromi

STATE PAPERS.

7»

place they
'-five fcorc
» and there

lies. This
ufe it, and

own called
the which
:ft town in
:c of Bour-
nduit hav-
r ripe as it
er, as rain,
w oranges,
e of men ;
earth, and
ide of pur-
thc garden
the one of
of finging
hart's head

iras fixtecn
faw there
, and bul-

n ftandcth
hcatii.
all moiin-
ut of the

From

From Rouanc to Tararc, fix long leagues, This town ftamlclh in ^^ '\^ ^*
a da-p bottom, the hills hanging '>v>ji on every fiik*, and la watered
with a narrow ftrcam, but fo IV, ilt, that within the fpacc of two
hundred yards, four mills arc driven, two for corn, one to faw tim-
ber, and another to beat the hemp. The corn mill grindeth with a
flat wheel, the water being forced to one lidc of it. I'he law mill is
driven with an upright wheel ; and the water that maketh it go,
is gathered whole into a narrow trough, which delivcreih the fame
water to the wheels. This wheel hath a piece of timber put to the
axletree end, like the handle of a broth, and faftencd to the end of
the faw, which being turned with the force of the water, hoillcth
up and down the faw, that it continually catcth in, and the handle oS
the fame is kept in a rigall of wood from fwerving. Alfo the timber
lieth as it were upon a ladder, which is brought by little and little to
the faw with another vice. The hemp mill is much like the cyder
mills we have in England, where a Hone is rolled about in a vault or
veflcl, where the hemp lieth.

From Tarare to Lyons, fix long leagues. Lyons is a goodly city,
and a flrong, by means of the rocks on the one fide of it, and the
waters on the other fide. We came into the town on Lyons fide, a
mile before we came to any bridge, and then we paflTed a bridge
over the river Saone, and going out of town, we went a long mile
iu Dauphinc fide, and paffcd a long bridge over the river Rhone,
The greateft part of the town, is as it were an iflc. At the end
thereof, both the rivers being joined together. Upon the north fide
of the town is the new fortification, and the calUc upon the very
rock. Upon the fouth fide is the church of St. Henry, his corpfe
and fepulchrc ; the pillar whcreunto Chrift was bound, of blue
marble, with white veins; and on the ead fide, a valley or plain,,
very fruitful. It is evil dwelling there for thofc that will perjure
thcmfelves, for they fliall be burned with a fire called St. Anthony's

5 fire.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

m
m

■ 4

|2.5

2.0

1.8

'•25 iir-^ '

►

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^:^*'
^

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

■4^'V^

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4503

STATE PAPERS.

MARY

£ :ii";i*»'

fire, ^e tarried two days at Lyons. Here we had great enter-
tainment of Madame Lacheveriere, a great Lady in Lyons.

From Lyons to Burgoin, five leagues. This town Aandeth
itinder a great hill, having a good foil, with wood and water enough.

From Burgoin to Pont Beauvoifin, five leagues, through a town
named La tour du Pin, paffing a great wood of chefnuts. Through
this town runneth the river of Giers that cometh from the moun-
tains. The one fide of the water is Dauphinois, and the other is
Savoy. There is alfu a mill to make oil of walnuts.

From Pont Beauvoifin to Chamberry, five long leagues, wherct
by the way we paffed by Mount Aiguberte, a great mountain, and
very dangerous, one league high and more, all upon rocks, and a
very narrow paffage. Here, mailer White, whofe father was Maf-
ter of the Requefts to Queen Mary, and a gentleman of

AmbafTador Leger to
Rome, taking hold of his horfe^s head, to jpuU him nearer the rock
fide, to keep him from falling down the hill, his horfe going back
pulled his mafter after him, and both together tumbled down the
hill a great way, and there flaid, and yet neither of them hurt.
This is the chiefefl: town of all Savoy, and hath a great fair callle in
it, but of no force ', it flandeth in a valley full of corn, woods and
paflure, plenty of fruits, as figs, almonds, &c. We being almofl at
the foot of the hill, and thinking we had but one Englifii mile to
the town, we ^ound it five long miles before we came at it, and the
way very ftrait.

From Chamberry to Algubelle, five long leagues, through Mount
Melian, a pretty town, in which ftandeth a notable ftrong caftle upon
a rock, that keepeth the paflage between the mountains, the which
is thought impregnable but by famine or treafon. By this town
runneth the river Lyzore, and through Aigubelle, the river Arte is
/:alled Aqua Bella of the Fountains, but the river is exceedingly foul.

The

STATE PAPERS.

The church of Aigubelle was founded by a Bifliop of Harteforde,
called Petrus de Acqua Bianca.

From Aigubelle to St. Jean de Morienne, fix long leagues, riding
betwixt the mountains of a very great height, all that journey ; upon
which mountains was plenty of corn and vines, with very many
dwelling houfes and cottages, as we call them, and fome of them
thought to be a league high. That day we pafled over the river of
Lyzere four times. This town ftandeth very barrenly upon the
river of Arte, the which falling from the mountains, is fo fwift,
and makes fo great a noife, that it is able to make a man deaf, and
hath no fifli in it. We rode along this river five days journey. In
thefe mountains be wild boars ; their hogs are all black ; their fhecp
great and long legged, with crooked fnouts; and very many goats.
From St. Jean de Morienne to St. Andre, four long miles, ftill
between the mountains, and thofe higher to my feeing than the
other. There was fuch a noife of water beating upon the rocks,
and fuch monftrous mountains to behold, of a huge height, being
always in danger of fome ftone falling upon us, that it feemed rather
a hell than a highway to pafs in. Upon the right hand on the other
fide of thofe mountains, all the way is Dauphiny. At St. Andre,
I coming into a church, about four o'clock in the afternoon, fpied a
young child lying dead upon a board before the image of our Lady,
and an old woman fitting watching and praying by it, having alfo a
tallow candle burning, and a great many peafe and beans in a little
tray, the which fhe had offered unto our Lady. I aflced her in
French what ihe meant to do ? And fhe anfwered, that the child was
born dead, and that flie looked for the life of it, or at leafl to burfl out
a bleeding in fome place of the body ; and thus they do for the fpace
of fifteen days together till it ftinked. If it be fo that it bleed,
although it receive no life, it is chriftened, if not, then it is cafl into
the river. In this town news came for certainty, that Pope Julius
Tertius died at Rome, the 25th of March.

L From

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From St. Andre to Lancbourg, five long leagues, pafTing by
a town called Trefignon, over a great mountain, yet there accounted
as none, by reafon of the ineftimable height of the other mountains.
This day we had great rain and fnow, and coming under the fte^p of
a clift, a great gulf of water-fall, as great as the throw of a mill, fell
down, in falling down fuddenly from the clift was turned into fnow,
and had made there a mighty heap, on which we trod, the fnow
falling continually thick, and yet the fpace from the fall to the
ground cannot be judged above twenty fathom. Among thefe
mountains we faw on the 26th of March a young partridge. I being
among thefe mountains, was drawn in a fledge a great part of the
way for the value of ij^.

The way is made out of the rocks and mountains by men's hands ;
the diet there of the common people in Lent, is nothing elfe but peafe
and hearts, oil and chefnuts, and yet they be very fat withal.

From Lanebourg to Sufa, fix long leagues ; pafling over the great
mountain Cenis, the which is two leagues to the top, and when we
are come to the top, then we have a great plain to go, which is two
long leagues and a half; then had we three feet of the mountain (as
they call it) to go down, that were half leagues a-piece, two of
them, and the third was a whole league ; we all pafled without dan-
gers, thanks be to God, to the great admiration to all the country,
and no lefs I aflure you to them that (hould hear the truth.

After we got to the top of the mountain, which we came, but with
great pain, for I was fain to hire one to lead my horfe up before me
and I to come after him holding by the tail, for fear of falling back-
wards, it was fo fteep to the top ; by the way I did fee a poor man
lie almoft drowned in the fnow, making round balls of fnow, and
eating of them for very hunger.

After we came at the top of the mountain, going the way towards
the chappel, named La Chapelle de Trancizes, to wit, the Chappel
of the Dead, being half a league : this chappel lieth full of dead

' men's

STATE PAPERS.

mens fculls that have died upon the mountain for extreme cold and mar y.

1555.

other misfortunes, and there feemeth to be more than one thoufand
perfons ; whereof fixteen Lauoceknights were thrown in there, in
March b'^fore.

From thence we went to the Poft Houfe, called La Tavaro, an Inu,
being half a league off. We had no other ground to go but only
fnow, that was but two feet broad, and hardened with the continual
froft that is there alraoft always. So that in this way, the fnow was
thought to be at the leaft a fpear depth and more, the which doth,
if there be any heat at all, fink every two horfes. The very fame day
that we pafled over this mountain, there were four perfons drowned by
going a little out of their way ; we were in the more hazard, by reafon
of the great wind that blew, and the abundance of fnow that fell fo faft
from the e'ements, that one of us could not fee another, being but a
fmall way afimder, and fuch was it all the way of the plain of the
hill. Defcending of the plain, wc turned upon the way, as though
we had been going down a pair of flairs, having at every corner
under us vallies of fnow, fome ten fathom deep, and fome more. In
my going down, I fell willingly above a dozen times, only to ftay
myfelf. What the Knights faid it was, I will not write, left I fhould
be counted a lyar ; but the truth is, no man will believe the danger
of the hill but fuch as know it j and in this wife did we turn at
every ten or twelve fathoms, for half a league, until we came to a
place called the Hofpital ; then turned we in like cafe upon the rocks
half a league, until we came to a town called Feriere, and the firft
town of Piedmont, and from thence to another town named Nova-
lefe, the which payeth twenty-two Crowns to the French King
monthly ; from thence to Sufa all the way upon good ftone, but not
fo evil as before. This town Sufa payeth in like cafe monthly unto
the French King one hundred Crowns. The 26th of April, five men
drowned upon this mount Cenis, and three weeks before that, vrere
three of the Prince of Salerne's men drowned in fnow. The fame

L a day

I HI 'I*

STATE PAPERS.

day that we went over mount Cenls, it was told us, that the nunr-
ber that have been drowned there within this half year, is above
fifty perfons, by report of the inhabitants thereabouts, and yet in
the months of July and Auguft the fnow is melted quite away from
the plains of the mountain, befides fome other; fo that you fhall fee
as good ground there as in all Savoy. Furthermore, the town of
Sufa is not ftrong, but yet kept with a garrifon of men, to keep the
paflage between Savoy and Piedmont. Dr. Bennet, fome time Arch-
deacon of Salifbury, and Ambaffador from King Henry to the Pope,
lieth buried in Sufa. Upon the north fide Sufa is a mountain called
Rochemelune, by eftimation ten leagues high, upon the top whereof
ftandeth a chappel of our Lady of Niges, the which was built by a
Jew, that made his vow, he would build a chappel upon the top of
the higheft mountain in Europe, this being the higheft mountain
of all others. The Duke of Bourbon went thither before he went
to the facking of Rome, to ofi^er up his harnefs to our lady of Niges.
It was fo high, that he made three days journey to the very top of it.
We remained at Sufa two days, the third and fourth. Upon mount
Cenis there appeareth the way that was cut out of the rock by
Hannibal when he entered into Italy.

From Sufa to Avigliana, five long leagues, through three towns,
the one called Buflblin, the fecond St. Ambrofe, and the third St.
George. This town ftandeth very pleafant ; it hath a caftle of great
force in it, the which payeth monthly to the French King five hun-
dred Crowns.

From Avigliana to Porcin, .... miles, leaving Turin on the
right hand of us, which is the chiefeft town of Piedmont. It feem-
eth to be very fair and ftrong, and ftandeth upon the river Po ; it
was our right way to have gone through it, but we could not be fuf-
fered to come wiihin it, becaufe their enemies lay fo near unto it.
There, the wars were let between them, the French King and the
Emperor ; they fkirmiflied every day through a town named Rivole,

which

p V

S T A t E PAPERS.

lat the nunf-
ear, is al>ove
5, and yet in
e away from
you dial I fee
the town of
, to keep the
e time Arch-
r to the Pope,
luntain ciilled
: top whereof
ras built by a
on the top of
eft mountain
fore he went
ady of Niges.
ery top of it.
Upon mount
the rock by

three towns,
he third St.
aftle of great
ng five hun-

'urin on the
nt. It feem-
river Po; it
d not be fuf-
near unto it.^
ing and the
imed Rivole,
which

which payeth fix hundred Crowns a month to the French King,
and by a fort of the French King's, called Mount Calcar, a very
ftrong fort, over the river Po, the which is the greatefl; river (as they
fay) in all Italy. We left alfo on the right hand of us, as it were a
league from us, a very (Irong town, named Chieri, a town of war
of the French King's; alfo Pbrcin hath been a very (Irong town but
decayed by the wars, and is now a neuter town. There, for lack
of lodffincs, we were fain to lie in barns and flablcs all the night, in
our hoods.

From Porc'.n to Afti, tW,elve miles j the which being the march,
or frontier town of . ^ . . . . . and we being to pafs by the holds
and caftles of either party, who had daily fkirmiflics together, wc
were conduced by a French trumpet and a Spanifli drum, by a town
called Villa Nova D'Arti, French, and another called Villa Franca,
Imperial, the towns round about us being all fpoiled and burnt. Half
a mile on this fide the town of Afti, the Captain of the town, accom-
panied with three thoufand men of arms, met the Lords and brought
them to the town with great rejoicing, and they fo curvetted their
great horfes, that fome of them, horfc and men, lay in the ditches ; and
when we came to the town, they gave the Lords a great volley of fmal'l
fhot, and fome great ordnance fliot off the walls, as my Lord North*s
younger fon was in danger of killing; but there went one galloping
to tell my Lords coming, and it was known they were Engliflimen,
fo that they were glad. For about four o'clock in the afternoon',
there was a general proceflion in the town, in token of rejoicing, as
it feemed at our coming, fuppofing the Lords journey had been, as
well to have treated a peace betwixt the Emperor and the French
King, as for any matter befides. In this proceffion there were thir-
teen crofles, and fuch a number of Friars, as I never faw in all my life
before, and above two thoufand people I am fure. The women went
ftrangely apparelled, fitter for malkers and players than women.
This is the firft town of the Emperor's. Here the Lords had very

great

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great prefents given them. The town of Afti is not very ftrong of
itfelf, but it 18 well guarded with men of war. Tlie Frenchmen
gave alarum to the town this night, we lying there. The next day
the Captains and men of arms conveyed the Lords in like manner,
out of the town, as they brought them in, and with as much bra-
very as they could devife; for in three feveral places as we departed
out of town, all the foldicrs of the town made a guard in very good
order, and gave the Lords a volley of (hot to the number of two
hundred. Then, when we came out of the gate, we faw two hun-
dred fhot, marching before us in good array, which went along with
tis a good mile out of the town, and when the Lords came nigh to
them, they blew off their pieces, and took their leave of the Lords,
and fo departed back to the town, and went in like manner as they
came out.

From Afti to Alexandria, twenty miles ; pafling by the caftle of
Nonven, which when we came over agalnft it, fhot off, very
friendly ; and as we pafled through fmall towns they rung the bells,
in token of rejoicing. At the gates of Alexandria, the Captain of
the town, with a great number of Gentlemen, came and entertained
the Lords very courteoufly, and brought them to their lodging, the
faireft houfe of the town. As we entered the houfe, there was a
great peal of fquibs (hot off with a train, which made a very great
report, that to our thinking we took them for great pieces of ord-
nance. That night there came to the Lords from the Emperor's
camp, a Gentleman of Spain, called Signior Andrea Rodovico, with
a great troop of horfemen, and lay that night in the town to keep
the Lords company ; the Emperor's camp being but eight miles off
the town. Here the Lords and all their train were clearly defrayed
at the Knight*s coft and charges for all things, for not eight days
before our coming thither, the Captain of the town was taken pri-
foner of the Frenchmen. The French King had then taken Cafal
and the whole ftate of Mount Ferrat, which is the inheritance of the

Duke

STATE PAPERS.

Duke of Mantua, enjoining five hundred holds and fmall towns to MARY.
them. There runneth a goodly river on the weft fide of Alejcandria,
with a fair bridge over it, and divers mills.

From Alexandria to Voghera, twenty miles ; being accompanied with
Rodovico, before named> and his troop of horfemen. Pafling over
the river at the town's end in a boat, there met us a fmall number
of horfemen, but exceUently well appointed, which went forward
with us ; riding two or three miles further, we were met with a great
garrifon of foldiers, which brought us through a town called Tor-
tona, with trumpets blowing as they rode; and as we were paffing
through the town, the caftle played with great fhot. When they
had brought us through the town, many of the horfemen returned
to the camp. Then, when we came within a mile of a town called
Ponterook, foldiers of another garrifon came to attend the Lords,
and went forward with us, and being within half a mile of Voghera,
a Gentleman of the town, well accompanied, met the Lords, and
brought them to their lodgings, where they, and all the train, were
defrayed by the King. I never faw better horfe, nor better ap-
pointed, than thofe that met the Lords by the way this day.

From Voghera to Pavia, fifteea miles ; ferrying over the river
of Po. Within a mile of Pavia, being over the river, the Lords
and Gentlemen of the town met our Lords, and brought them
to the city ; paffing a bridge at the town over the river Teffm, or
Ticinium ; upon which bridge ftood a great nifmber of foldiers in
good order, and well appointed, and among them three thoufand
{hot, which gave the Lords a brave volley. And fo, after they had
brought them to their lodgings, being the houfe of Signior Hyero-
leino Sacco, there the ftate of Milan defrayed the Lords charges
and train, and appointed divers to attend upon them. ,

' All the foot bands of the garrifon came marching to the Lords
lodgings in the afternoon, five in a rank, pafling bravely armed and
appointed as ever I faw. Here the Lords were very fumptuoufly feafted

and

STATE PAPERS.

;)ivU

Y- and entertained at the King's charges. Pavia is an old ancient city,
and a county, and was in times pad a kingdom. Lombardy is a
goodly plain country, and very rich. Pavia is an univerfity, and
very pleafant for gentlemen to lie in. In the great ch^irch there, we
(aw the lively image of St. Auguftine, and his tomb of white mar-
ble very rich ; the tomb alfo of Leofranda, the lafl King of Pavia.
The tomb of Uoetius Severinus ; and the tower of I'azen the lawyer.
At our going out of the city, to give the Lords their farewel they
^lot off their great ordnance, and fmall ihot gave the vdlies.

From Pavia to Milan, twenty miles. Five miles from Pavia, we
were brought to La-certoza de Pavia, where the Lords dined, and
were greatly feafted. It is the goodlieft and beft houfe in all Europe.
•It was founded by Giovanni Galezzo, Duke of Milan, who lies there
interred in a tomb of white marble ; the two coffins and the table of
•the altar are all of ivory, with fuch workmanfhip, that it is a fpeftacle
to all Lombardy. There is a cloyftcr forty feet quadrant ; the doors,
defks, and ftools be fo garniflied with fuch notable hiftories, all of cut
•work, of divers kinds of woods, that no man poffibly can paint them
out more finely and lively. The marvellous works that be there, as
•well of the elephant's tooth, as of all kinds of wood, I think there
be no where elfe to be found in Europe ; howbeit it is not yet all
finiflied. By the way we faw the field, where the F"rench King was
taken prifoner. Betwixt Pavia and the Charter Houfe, the Duke
enclofed a piece of ground with a great high wall, four fquare, and
fifteen miles in compafs about. This is called his garden, having
within it divers feveral enclofures, for bears, wild boars, red and
fallow deer, wolves, and all other kind of beafts of venery ; which
garden, at the battle when the French King was taken prifoner, was
fpoiled by divers breaches that he had made into the. fame. All the
Monks of this Charter Houfe be nobly born and defcended. The
revenues of the faid Charter Houfe per ann. is fifteen thoufand

• •• .. Crowns.

-m

.'^

>■ ■■<■

ancient city*
nbardy is a
verfity, and
ch there, we

white mar-
ig of Pavia.
I the lawyer,
farcwel they
olHes. .
tn Pavia, we
3 dined, and
Q all Europe,
vho lies there
d the table of
I is a fpe^tacle
It i the doors,
ies, all of cut

n paint them

be there, as
think there
is not yet all
ich King was
e, the Duke
fquare, and
rden, having
oars, red and
nery ; which
jrifoner, was
me. All the
lended. The
een thoufand
Crowns.

STATE PAPERS.

Crowns. The Lords were very honourably received in Milan, and

lodged in a Nobleman's houfe, called II Signor Conftantio, where

they were highly feafted at the charge of the King. Thither came, Kinft Philip

to falutc the Lords, 11 Conte I'Andriano, divers Nobles, and divers

gallants of the city. Here the Lords had all the pleafiire that could

be fliewed them, as well by inftruments of mufic as otherwife.

The city is by eftimation feven or eight miles about. The form

thereof, is like unto a heart, and hath fix gates, and to every

gate, two noblemen of the city appointed, and every gate is bound

to marry twelve poor maidens yearly, being at certain charges in

their bridals and apparel. Upon Eafter Tuefday we faw twelve

maids married, every one of them led with two Noblewomen,

they themfelves being clad in white. When they are married,

there is given each of them a purfe, with twenty ducats in it, one

fuit of apparel, befides that on their backs, and their dinner. The

walls of the city are exceeding ftrong, but not altogether finifli-

ed ; and the caftle alfo, for provifion and ftrength, is to be wondered

at; as for artillery, munition, corn, wines, oil, bacon, powdered

beef, and Parmefan cheefe. They make great ftore of armour in the

caftle; but no townfman may come in at the gate. This caftle is of

fuch force, as none in all Europe is comparable unto it. The church

is an huge thing all of white marble, growing within their own

dutchy, at a place called Lago di Como. They bore us in hand,

that the covering fliall be alfo of marble, but is not likely to be

finiflied in our time, notwithftanding they have daily one hundred

labourers upon it.

There is an hofpital that may difpend 25,000 Crowns a year, the
provifion whereof pafleth all other ; for at that prefent, we faw one
hundred fat oxen in a ftable, one hundred veftcls of wine, every one
containing five tons, in one cellar ; the diet fo cleanly and daintily
prepared for the fick as can be, by the recourfe of furgeons and phy-
ficians, that it is a goodly thing to fee. In this hofpital are five

M hundred

STATE PAPERS.

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hundred nurfes to look to the Tick, and to bring up children. Man^r
hofpitals more there are, fome for men and Tome for women, ami
fome for children, bcfides a houfe built without the town, for fuch
as fhall be infed^ed of the plague, having three huadred and fixty*
five chambers feveral. This city is notably rich) and full of mer-
chandize, and artificers, very wealthy ; for there la almoft no arti-
ficer's wife but (he weareth a chain of gold about her neck or middle.
The Noblemen and Gentlemen of Italy lie always in the great towns*
and never in the country. The Lords tarried at Milan fix days, viz.
the 12th, 13th, i4ih, i^th, i6th, and 17th.

From Milan to Lodi, twenty miles ; paiSng through a town-
called Marignano, where the Marquis hath a goodly houfe, and the
Lords were made a great banquet there, the Marquis Marignano
himfelf being at that time General for the Emperor, and lay before
Siena, befieging the town againft the French King. All the way
betwi](t Milan and Lodi, we rode as between gardens ; and to fpeak
truth, my eyes never faw any ii»il comparable to it for beauty and/
profit. They make hay there thrice a year. Their ground for
tillage, beareth them alfo vines and fuel ; for their vines are grown
Vp by certain trees called Oppieit that are of a quick growth, there-
fore every three years from one of thefe trees to anotherv

they pull the main branches of the vines, as fliff and Arait as a cord»
fo that they hurt not the ripening of thpir corn. And thus theic
vines and their trees growing in order* there is a fpace left to the
plough, and fo intermix the corn with the ranks of the vine. There
are no woods of fuch timber as we have, but thefe only, willows^
white hafels, and poplars, all fet by line, in their meadows, paf-
tures, and grounds for tilling, £cc. fo that you cannot fee any way
from you half a quarter of a mile. They bring their water in every
ditch, round about their enclofures, and make them run continually
like little rivers of either fide of the way, and have none other
defence but that : and for their commodity, they make their waters

STATE PAPERS.

•I

ren. Man^
moment and
rn, for fuch
I and fixty'
full of mer-
loft no arti-
c or middle.
;reat towns*
ix daySj viz.

igh a town-
ufe, and the

Marignano
td lay before
All the way
and to fpeak
r beauty and'

ground for
:s are grown
3wth, there-
s to another*,
ait as a cord»
d thus theic
;e left to the
vine. There
ily, willows^
zadowS) pal-
fee any way
ater in every
1 continually
: none other

their waters
Kb

fo to run one over another and contrary to each other, becaufe the MAR Y.
evennefs of the ground helpcth them much thereto. Their kine be
great and good, and they eat a meat called Latimel or Forita. Their
checfe is the bed in the world, and alfo veals. Marignano is a plea*
fant caRle, but of no force ; it ftandeth upon the river of Olort. The
Lords were received into their lodging very honourably, with (hot,
both great and fmall. They were lodged in the houfe of the mod
noble Lodovico Veftarino, then General of the camp in Piedmont
in Novara. This Lodi flandeth upon a hill, very ftrongly, and
hath a caftle in it of great force.

From Lodi to Piacenza, twenty miles ; paffing by a little pile where
was (hot off ordnance both great and fmall ; the Lords had a banquet
in this pile ; and after, paiTed the river of Po with boats ; being all
over the river, the Lords were received as before, and fo paflfed by
the town walls a long while ere ever they came to their lodgings*
They being lodged in the houfe of Signior Francifco Baratiero, iu
the ftrcet called Santo Nazaro (la Signora Hippolita fua raoglie.
Signior Cefare et Hercole fuoi figliouli. Signior Albcrico, AleflTan-
dcro, et Camillo Baratiero nepoti del detto Francifco Baratiero).
This city is very ftrong, and a caftlc of great force, but not fully
finifhed yet. This town did belong to the Church of Rome.
Paulus Tertlus being a Roman born, of the noble houfe of the
Farncfi, and Pope, who willing to advance his own blood*
created his fon Peter Allege Duke of Piacenza and Parma, who#
for his cruelty and rigour towards his fubjetSs, was flain in hi4
own houfe ; and becaufe he that did kill him was afraid of the Pope,
the townfmen delivered their town into the Emperor's hands, the
which he hath exempted unto the Dutchy of Milan. This Peter
Allege, the firft Duke of Piacenza and Parma, married the bafe
daughter of the French King, and had by her three fona and one
daughter ; his daughter is married to the Duke of Urbine, and his
*eldeft fon named Ofl;avio, is now Duke of Parma ; the other two

M 2 brethrea

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brethren be Cardinals, the one called Cardinal Farnefe, who is now
Chancellor of Rome, and the other, Cardinal St. Angelo, they both
being in great eftimation with the Pope Paulus Quartus, that now is;
fo that it is thought that they will procure and ftir up war againil; the
Emperor, for recovery of Piacenza for the Duke of Parma. Here
the Lords remained two days, the 20th and the 8ift.

From Piacenza to Cremona, eighteen miles, where we pafled over
the river of Po. This city is great and rich, and payeth yearly to
King Philip of Spain (now our King), without tax, fifty thoufand
Crowns. There is an high fteeple in the town, from whence this
f/overb arifeth, " Una Torre in Cremona, uno Porto in Ancona."
They make excellent good knives at Cremona. Being pafled over the
river Po, the Lords were received and feafted as before. It is the
lead city of the Dukedom of Milan, and is a great circuit about ; a
fair town, and rich of merchandife, but of no great force. It hath
a notable caftle in it. There is no ordnance in any town through
the whole Dukedom, as we rode, but all in the caftle as I could per-
ceive. The Lords viewed this caftle, but no Italian was fuff'ered to
go in with them, three or fbur of the chief only excepted, that did
accompany therm. At their going out, the caftle ihot off their fmall
and great pieces. We tarried here the 23d day. This day U Conte
Defpefiano Porzenno married the fifter of Signior Camillo Stanga,
a very honeft gentleman. Divers of the Lords Gentlemen were
bidden thither by this young Count to dinner and fupper, and there
danced with the Ladies. This country and Dukedom is wonderful
pleafant, and fo repleniflied with corn, vines, fruit, pafture and mea-
dow, all the ground being fo level, and fo well watered, that the
like is not to be feen in any one country again, fo long together. In
this town is a notable ftrong caftle. The Lords viewed this caftle,
and at their coming out, there was ftore of great and fmall fhot, to
give the Lords an honourable farewel.

7 From

im :■

M: ,i.

vho is now
they both
lat now is;
againO; the
ma. Here

paffed over
I yearly to
y thoufand
vhence this
I Ancona."
ed over the
. It is the
it about ; a
e. It hath
vn through
could per-^
fufFered to

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From Cremona to Caneto, twenty-two miles, through a town
named Salra Terra, pafling over the river Oglio by boat. This river
parteth the Dukedom of Milane, and the Dukedom of Mantua ; in
this town the Lords lay at the Duke's charges.

From Caneto to Mantua, twenty miles ; over the river of Chiefe,
through a town called Aqua Negra, where we faw men whip them-
felves with chains, going after a procellion. We palled through a
town called Andadefco, and by our Lady of Mantua her chapel,
where is the greateft offering in thofe parts of I^aly. There they
fhew pictures of men, which fhe preferved (as they fay), that were
ftricken into brains and hearts, and in at the backs, with fvvords and
dagp;er« ; and where is alfo fuch wonderful works of wax, as I never
faw the like again. Mantua is a notable ftrong city, environed with
great lakes and marfhes. The Duke met with the Lords in the city,
and brought them to their lodgings, which was in an old palace of
the Duke's. I'his Duke is very young, and looketh a little afqumr.
Here the Lords were greatly fcailed at the Duke'" charge. After
fupper, they went to the Court to deliver the Queen's letters, and
there we faw the Dukes grandmother, his mother's filler, the wife
of Gonzaga, and his daughter, and one other lady called Hippolita,
one of the faircfi. ladies in the world. After compliments of faluta-
tion, the Lords had a banquet, in the which were green almonds, the
firft that ever I faw ; we were brouglit into the Dutchefs's jewel houfes,
which exceeded in rich jewels, as agates, fapphires, diamondi, an
unicorn's horn, a tree of red coral an cU long; here wc faw alfo a
bead called the tyger.

From Mantua to Oftia, twenty miles; over a bridge at Mantua, a
quarter of a mile long, paffing by the end of the river of Mewfe,
which runneth into the river of Po, upon the which, this town
ftandeth. On the other fide of the river ftandeth a fair town of
the Duke of Ferrara, called Rcnache.

From

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From Oftia to Ferrara, thirty miles; riding twelve milea by tlic
river Po, and then paflfed it in a boat, and dined that day in a poft-
houfe, being ten miles of this (ide of Ferrara. After dinner towards
Ferrara, within two miles of it, an Earl of the country met with the
Lords, and brought them within the city. Then the Prince met
with them, and brought them to their lodgings, to a fair houfe of
the Duke's, richly furniOied and hanged. The pavements of the
houfe w^ere of fuch curious vvorks, of white marble, red, and black*
that it is impoiTible to find fairer. The borders of the chambers and
chimnies, of fuch jafper (lone that they might be . There

ds alfo a clcfet, wherein are fuch curious works of all kind of marble,
and other flone, and all of the Duke's father's doings, as they cannot
be mended. This city is very flrong, for they may drown the
country round about them. The town walls are very thick, and the
ramparts twenty-five yards broad. There be two caftles in the city,
the one in the midfl: of the town, and the other flanding upon the
river of Po, both of great ftrength. The town ditch is one hundred
yards over. There are three thoufand Jews in the city and above,
having a temple and fchool, after their own laws. They keep the
Saturday for their Sabbath. Their market is kept upon the Sunday,
with filh, herbs, and other things, till twelve o'clock at noon.
Upon the Sunday they eat nothing but fifh, and that which was
drefled the day before j neither do they touch any money that day.
Here the Ambafladors were honourably feafted, at the Duke's
charges, and lodged in his palace, the Prince keeping them company
all the time; the Duke himfelf was at Rome at the confecration of the
Pope. The ftreets of this town be very wide, and full of excellent
good building : there was a camel in this town to be feen. That
day before dinner, the Lords and Gentlemen being mounted upon
the Duke's horfes, excellently well trimmed, the Prince and Gentle-
men rode about one part of the wall, fhewing them the commodities
of the town. After dinner, they were brought about the other
9 part

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wart of ttie wkllb, \rfccre they faw fuch wonderful pkafures, and
ilrange things, that it was wonderful to behold ; after the which,
they had a very notable banquet; the heavenly noife that was there,
as well with ftrange inftruments of mufic, as otherwife, I cannot de-
clare. The truth is, our entertainment here, did far exceed the beft
entertainment the Lords had other where. The Duke's name is
Hercules d'Efte, and the other Prince his fon, Alphonfo, who is as
worthy a Prince as may be feen, and of as goodly a perfonage.
H'ere we faw a tortoife a yard long and more, and half a yard broad.
We met the Duke coming homewards to Ferrara, who, when he
met the Lords, faluted them very lovingly, and faid, he was forry
he wa» not at home, to make them better cheer. The Lords (laid at
Ferrara the a6th day.

From Ferrara to St. Petro in Cafale, twenty miles ; over the river
of Po, riding about fix miles within the Duke of Ferrara his liberties.
After that, we came into the Pope*s dominions, where the Vicelegate
lent a gentleman to provide for the Lords and their train at his
charges. It is but a fmall town, infomuch that the train was dif-
perfed this night into three feveral places, fome two miles, fome
three miles off, the lodgings there were fo fcant. Pope Marcellus-
Secundus was then alive.

From St. Petro to Bononia, ten miles, being met with feveral;
trains of Noblemen and Gentlemen, with trumpets and drums, and
fo brought into the town j but before we could recover the town
gates, a mighty tempefl of rain poured down upon us. At the gates
of the town, the Vice Legate and the Bifliop of Bononia, with a great
company of horfemen, met the Lords, and brought them to the Vice
Legate's houfe, where they were lodged. Notwithftanding this ex-
treme (hower of rain, the trumpeters ftood over the gates of the
Vice Legate's houfe, and blew a long time, until we were all alighted.
And when the Ambaffadors went to fuppcr, there was excellent
mufic of lower inftruments. The next day being the fnft of May,.
there was in the morning brought in a brave May, with a number

MARY.

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M A R y, o£ fliot,an<I pikes, ,weU appoiated, marching into the market place,
• ■ a^l being , the Vice Legate's jnen, to the number of fixty. tr ujuHii

.(Aboutten o'clock this fc(renoon» there was an. officer brought. in-,
according to tlie cuftom of the town, who is, as it wercvthe Prefid<rnt
of the Council there. There are twcnty-fonr of the Council, whereof
the Prefident is chofen at the end of twenty-four days, and entereth
not into his office, till the end of forty-fix days. You fliall under-
fland, that when he entcrethi into his office, he is fetched from his
own houfe very honourably, by him that occupied the place before
Jiim, with all the reft of the Council, as alfo with the Vic«: L( gate's
guard, and fo brought into the palace, where he is put into a cham-
ber, having but two men waiting upon him, and to abi<le there to
the end of two months without coming out, and in all liiat time,
neither his wife, his children, friends, nor feivants may fpeak with
him. He is largely allowed for his diet, and keepeth a good tablet
being as well ferved, as lodged, as if he were in his own houfe. -•
The fecond day a port came from Rome, that brought the Lords
word, of the death of Pope Marcellus Secundus, and that he died
the laft of April. A fight of worfhipful relicks to be feen in Bo-
nonia. The body of St. Dominick, the body of St Rutherin, and
a piece of the crown of thorns, wherewith Chrift was crowned. To
this town Cometh a fmall river called Rheno ; the town is great, and
hath thirteen gates in it. It is fair built, and with fuch vaults, that
in the greateft rain and fuuleft weather, men go dry, and are alfo
defended from the heat of the fun. The Vice Legate is Biflaop of
and hath a guard of Launceknights * well appointed for
his guard ; other foldiers there be none in the town, except when it
is Sedia Vacante, (that is to fay) when there is no Pope. The Pope
being dead, ten of the gates are kept fliut, and eight hundred fol-
diers appointed, to watch and ward, in divers places of the town;
for at that time mifdoers and offenders think themfelves without a

• German Infantry ;— the proper term is Landjhncckt, from whence the French Lanfquentty
and our Englifli corruption of the word, as in the text.

law.

•t

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law. As for example, when Julius Tertius died, there came a ba- MARY.

niflicd man to the city with four hundred foldiers, and to have done ' «^—

much mifchicf there. He was let into the town, himfelf taken and
beheaded, and all his men taken and flain. The Lords were very
greatly feaftcd at the Pope's charges all the time they lay in Bononia, Bologm.
and fo were they invited to Noblemen's houfes of the city, and were
greatly entertained by them. Two noblemen of the town (Rillades
and Mallvachall) were at deadly war. We remained at Bononia thir-
teen days together.

From Bononia to Imola, twenty miles ; over the river of Quaderno
leaving St. Pietro, a town on our right hand, which hath a caftle
in it, but of no great ftrength. The Lords, viz. the Bifhop of Ely,
and Lord Montagu, they took their journey to fee Fiorenza. Dr.
Kearne, the Leger Ambaflador from Rome, he with all the carriage,
and the greateft part of the train, departed from the Lords, and took
his journey through la Romagna, to Rome.

From Imola to Faenza, ten miles ; over the river Amone, which
keepeth no certain courfe, but fometimes very great, another time
very fmall, pafling the caftle Eolcgncfe, an old walled town. The
Lords of the town met my Lord Ambaflador two miles without the
town, and brought him to the Pope's palace, where he was lodged,
with trumpets and drums before him. The town defrayed him,
and all the train, at their charges. The commodity and profit of
this town ftandeth by making of cotton, and making many fundry
things in fine mell and earth *.

From Faenza to Forli, ten miles ; being met without the town as
before, and lodged in the palace at the town's charge. In the mar-
ket place, when the Ambaflador came unto it, there were harque-
bufles of crocke, and other fliot, difcharged. There is a very ftrong
caftle in the town, ftanding upon the river of Montone, the which
cometh from the mountains, ^he caftle hath great lodgings in it,

Tlie word mill.

• Earthen ware calkd Fayence in French, as being made at Faenza,
jneajis enamell. See Did. de I'revoux, mail U email.

and

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and ftore of great ordnance. It was built by JuUus Cxfar, and is called
after his name, Caftello Julio. ; ■ ^ - ' '' r-.' ■ : -_ > ( • :•• i

From Forli to Cefena, ten miles; pafTing over the river Ronco
with a boat) and by a caftle named Framolct leaving a flrong town
Handing on the right hand upon the ftde of a hill, with a cattle on
the top of it called Bartinore. The Leger Ambaflador was received
into this town as before, and lodged at the palace at the town'*
charges. There is a cattle in this town, fituated upon a hill adjoin-
ing to the palace : there cometh a river called Rubicon : the boys of
the town being a great number, met my Lord Ambaflador without
the town gate, crying Viva Inghilterra (as much as to fay) God favc
England ; every one of them brought an olive branch in their hands.

From Cefena to Rimino, twenty miles; leaving a town called
Archangclo on the right hand. Here the Ambaflador was received
and lodged as before, at the palace, at the charge of the town. It
ftandeth upon the fea named II Golpho di Venetia, and hath a fmalt
haven pertaining unto it; the town itfelf is of no force, but the
cattle in it is very ftrong.

From Rimino to Pefaro, the chlefeft town of the Dukedom of
Urbino, twenty miles. The young Prince (the Duke of Urbiu'a
fon) was determined to have met the Ambaflador, but being pre-
vented by his fudden coming, he met with him at the flairs feet in
the hall, and then received him very honourably, and brought hin»
up to his lodging, which was very richly hanged, and there we
were notably feafted, all at the Duke's charges. After dinner, the
Dutchefs his mother fent for all the Gentlemen of our train, into a
withdrawing chamber, where we found her fitting in a rich chair, the
Prince her fon flanding by her, and a great number of Ladies and
Gentlewomen fitting about her. After we had all humbly done ou»
duty unto her Grace, as many of us as could fpeak Italian, or French*
went to entertain thefe Ladies and Gentlewomen. The reft of us,
that had no language to entertain them with, yet fat down amongft

them>

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9«

tliem, to behold (zl^ fpe^atores formarum) the glory of their furpafling MARY,
'beauties. This heavenly and angelic troop of Ladies being thus ac- u->
commodated, and we greatly graced by their honourable prefence,
on the fudden they were prefented with the mufic of the virginals,
lute and viol. Then the young Prince took one of his play-fellows
by the hand, and danced the paven with him, and afterwards a gal-
liard ; which being ended, the Prince entreated our Gentlemen that
could dance, to take out a Lady or Gentlewoman to dance withal,
and io they did. The dancing ended, we departed out of the cham-
ber, and there left the Dutchefs with the Ladies. This young Prince
is not paft ten years of age, but he is well favoured, and excellently
made in all his parts of his body. The town is not ftrong, but yet
wanting no ordnance; of fmall circuit, but very well built, and
paved with brick throughout. It ftandeth upon the forenamed fea,
having a pretty haven, and a pleafant country joining unto it.

From Pefaro to FofTcmbrone, twenty-fix miles, leaving Fano, a
fair town on the left hand, by the fea-fide. The Ambaflador was
lodged at the Duke's palace, and there defrayed by the Duke. The
town ftandeth betwixt the mountains. Betwixt Fano and Foflem-
brone, there runneth a river caled II Metro, where is a goodly plain,
and there was a great battle fought betwixt the Romans and the
Africans, where were flain 53,000 Africans, and gooo Romans.

From Foflembrone to Cantiano, twenty miles, through a park of
the Duke's, with fallow deer in it, three miles from Foflembrone,
which was the firft park we faw in all Italy before : from the park
to Furlo, two miles, pafling through a rock fmoothly cut out, and
clofe over our heads, made by man's hand, for Hannibal to bring
his army that way againft Scipio Africanus ; fo to Acqualagna, and
thence to Caglie, through the town, and fo to Cantiano, all the
way of an huge height, between mountains and rock, twenty miles. \
This town is but little, ftanding amongft the mountains, here all
our charges were defrayed by the Duke.

N 2 From

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From Cantiano to SigiIlo> twelve miles, over great mountain**
pafling by Schiecoia, the hft town of the Duke of Urbine's, two miles
from Sigillo. This town is- the Pope's, there we tarried the 23d and
a4th day. t- .>•> '^^m > jo j" iUivMot i^a-y, Jx,n^,.> ^ <„^i ^.„ ^.,^^,

From Sigillo to Perugia, twenty-two miles, very ill and dangerous
way. Here the Lords met all three together again. The Pope's Vice-'
Legate there, more for ihame than for any good-will hc>barc to the
Lords, met them without the town gates, and brought them to the
abby of St. Auguftine's without the town, where they were lodged.
■The town is very great, and halh a marvellous flrong callle in it,
built by Pope Paulus Tertius. The people be all French in their
hearts. For three nights together fires were made, as well upon the
wallsof thecaftle, asinother places in the town, orily for joy of anew
Pope * Paulus Quartus. The great, pieces of ordnance, and fmall fliot,
fhot off, brave and great fireworks befides In the air. The caufe of
this their great joy was fuppofed to be, becaufe the Pope was French
in heart, and enemy to the emperor, notwithftanding he was a Nco-
politan before born. Here we remained the 26th day : on this day
all the trumpeters and drummers came to vifit the Lords, and began
to play ; but anfwer was fent from the Lords, that with what
friendfhip they were received and lodged, with the like they fhould
receive their reward. Then they departed in great fpite and anger,
flriking upon their drum heads as hard as they could lay on, they
being twelve drums in number. That day, at five o'clock at night,
the Vice Legate fent a prefent to the Lords, viz. three dozen and a half
of capons, fix dozen of rabbets, fifteen weathers and lambs, a veal,
and thirty-two facks of barley, and oats for their horfes j but for-
afmuch as it was known to the Lords that the Legate had intelligence
of their departure the next morning following, and confidering how
ungenteelly they had been ufed before, they refufed the prefent, ren-
dering few thanks. This evening, the Vice Legate fent the foldiers

• Caraffa.

Q of

;at mountain<F
le's, two miles
:d the 23d and

and dangerous
le Pope's Vice-'
hc>barc to the
lu them to the
y were lodged.
ig cadle in it*
rench in their

well upon the
jr joy of a new
and fmall fliot,

The caufe of
pe was French
tie was a Nco-
f : on this day
ds, and began
at with what
Ice they fhouM
ite and anger,
I lay on, they
:lock at night,
izen and a half
lambs, a veal,
rfes; but for-
id intelligence
rtfiderlng how
; prefent, ren-
nt the foldiers

STATE PAPERS.

of the town, being fix hundred, marching in rank to the Lords
lodging, and there to honour them ; they gave three feveral vollies
of fhot, and fo departed, without reward given them.

Here we faw a fpecial relick forfooth of our Lady's, a ring, the firft
(they ftick not to fay) that ever fhe did wear, which is not fhewed, I
tell you, without great ceremony. This ring is a great ring, all
of black horn, and hangeth in a pix within a tabernacle, being clad
with two or three fold of lawn : that is feen in myftery as all other
relicks be. When it is fliewed to any body, there is a wonderful
much blcfling, kifling, kneeling and knocking; and upon either fide
of the tabernacle is a great bafon, in the which two or three children
of five or fix years old, do fit, and are let down in the bafon ; then
the ring is to be fhewed to any body. They make us believe for-
footh, that thefe children are not by meat or drink, but are marvel-
loufly fed by the Holy Ghott. _ ; .

From Perugia to FoTTgni, eighteen miles ; leaving a town on our
left hand, called Afllfi. There was a great market fair at that time
we were there. The town of Foligni ftandeth in a fair plain, having
great mountains on both fides of it.

From Foligni to Spoleto, twelve miles, leaving a town named
Trevi on the left hand. Spoleto hath a caftle in it, (landing upon
a hiH, which commandeth the town and the people. Here the
Lords remained five days, even till the third of June, on which day
they went from thence.

The agth, the Lords received letters out of England, dated the 14th
of May. This town ftandeth between the mountains, as far eaft as
can be travelled that way. The Cardinal of Perugia is Governor of
this town. The people are very proud and beggarly, and of no
civility ; great boafters, but of no adlivity ; and much given to fecret

murther, and privy f y. The vitlany is fuch, and they fo much

born and maintained in it, that a boy being, as they term it, diffio-

nourcd

M A R V,

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till' '^

ill '"1.

9'1-

MA RY.
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noiired by his like, he will ever after feek the death of hia diflionourer.
As for example, :it our being in the town, two fchool boys, one of
them bearing malice to the other, coming into the fchool, and
finding there the other boy his enemy, that had diftionoured him,
he fuddenly cafl a ball of lead at him, and hit him over the head,
that he amazed him, and having brought a dagger, he Aabbed the
boy to the heart, fo that he died : the fa£l was not unpunifhed, as I
did learn afterwards of certain. O what good juftice is executed in
this town, and offenders puniftied to the uttermoft, as yc may hear,
to the good example of other !

From Spoleto to Narni, eighteen miles; through a town named
Terni, twelve miles on the way. A mile without the town, the
Bifliop of Sullino met the Lords with four hundred foldiers, who was
fent of purpofe to bring them to the place where they ihould dine, at
the Pope's charge; there the foldiers blew off their pieces and de-
parted. After dinner the Lords were brought out of the town in the
like manner as they were received into it. The river of Nera run-
neth on the fouth fide of the town. This town is well ftored with
great ordnance and fmall fhot ; the caftle in it ftandeth upon a very
high hill, and the town upon the fide of a hill, and a goodly plain
on the one fide, and great mountains on the other fide. When
we came near to Narni, the Legate met the Lords a mile without
the town, as before, and brought them to their lodgings, lying at
the Pope's charges, and had a prefent fent them from the Legate
of the town. In the time oi feiiia vacant e^ which is when there
is no Pope, Narni and Terni be at great wars together.

From Narni to Rignano, twenty miles, paffing over the river of
Tyber with a boat, to a town named Borgetto, where the Lords dined
at the Pope's charges. The Lords train were lodged in field inns, and
could not be fufFered to come within the town gates ; but the reafon
of it, I could never yet' learn.

From

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From Rignano to Rome, twenty-two miles; pafTing through a

town called Caftello Novo, eight miles from Rignano, and fo fortli to

La Prima Porta 7. M. where tlic Lords dined at the Pope's charges,

and thence to Rome, being fevcn miles. This Prima Porta, liath

the name of the firfl old gate in Rome, when Rome flourinied, a3

appeareth by the old ruins of the walls. After dinner, within a

mile of Rome, we pafled over a bridge called Ponte Mole, over the

river ol Tybor, and rode to a houle without the city, which Pope

Julius Tertius built, where the Lords reftcd themfelves, and had a

banquet. This houfe is of an excellent building, and hath fuch a

notable commodity in it, all of which marble, fo curioufly wrought,

fo replenifhed with ftrange fruits, and furniflied with antiquities,

that be daily digged up in the ruins of eld Rome, and fome found

in the river of Tyber, in fuch fort, that it doth far exceed all the

buildings that ever 1 faw, except the Charter Houfc befide Pavia.

Amongft which antiquities there are two marble pillars, of fuch

mixture of colours, white and black, being five cubits long, and a

yard about in the greateft part, which two pillars. Pope Julius

Tertius would not have given for one million of gold, and are of

many men efteemed at a ioo,coo crowns. After that the Lords had

refted themfelves in this vineyard three or four hours, there came

now one nobleman, then another, and fometimes five or fix together,

fo that there were fixteen Bifliops. The Cardinals they fent their

pledges, riding upon their mules, having their mafter's hanging

behind them on their backs, their mules being bravely furnifhed, and

they were in number thirty- five. The Pope fent alfo the officer? of

his Court, to bring in the x-orda into the city, befides his guard to

wait upon them : and laft of all came a Bifhop that reprefented the

Pope's Holinefs, who was accordingly honoured of the Lords : {o

about fix o'clock at night, the Lords were brought into Rome in very

good order, and fo conveyed to their lodgings, with trumpets and

drums before them, in a fair palace, having in train 1000 horfes and

■j" mulesj

A R V.

,,1

l1,,.

I^f

MARY.
«5SS-

STATE PAPERS.

mules, where Cardinal Pigio lay, which rented of the D. of Farma,
and removed himfelf, leaving it unto the Lords. Here the Lords lay
at their own charges. This palace was of old time the bath or thermes
of Julius Cxfar, as in William Thomas's book of the defcription of
Italy ye may read of thermes and baths*.

The two former Popes, Julius Tertius, and Marcellus Secundus,
had made great provifion for the Lords in the palace of St. Mark ;
the which provifion this new-created Pope, Paulus Qnartus, did
fpend and cat himfelf. The eighth day at night, the Lords were fent
for, and had fecrct audience, but no Englirhman fufFered to come
into the chamber. The 9th day in the morning. Cardinal Caraffa,
the Pope's Nephew, newly made Cardinal on the 7th day, fent the
Lords a prefent, three veals, three great Parmefan cheefes made in
Rome, three dozen of capons and chickens, fifty-two fpades of bacon,
and torches of virgin's wax, twenty-four pounds of candles' of vir-
gin's wax, ten fugar loaves, fix tons of wine, fifty quarters of barley,
and oats for their horfcs.

The loth day, the Lords went to the Court, accompanied with
divers Bifhops, Noblemen and Gentlemen, and there had open au-
dience. As they pafled by the caftlc of St. Angelo, the Lords were
faluted with a great peal of ordnance.

The Pope fat in a conclave, where he was chofcn, in a great high
c!iair, having a very rich cope upon him, and a mitre of a wonder-
ful price upon his head. 1 he place where he fat was railed in, that
the people might not come and trouble the Orator. The Cardinals
fat in benches, within the rails, round about the Pope's Holinefsj
the Bifhop uiKlerneath them, and the Pope's fervants lay upon the
ground. After my Lord my Matter, the Lord Bifliop of Ely f, had
ended his oration made to the Pope, then all the Englifhmen of the Lords
train were called for, and let come within the rails, to kifs the Pope's

* The Editor has fecn this defcriptioii, wltith is very inferior to later ftccounts, tnd
ourious only as the hint.
f Dr. Thirl by.

Holinefs's

••■■l

STATE PAPERS.

Ilollnefe's foot, who had a crimfon velvet flipper on, that had a crofs MARY,
of filver laid upon it. That done, the Pope hlcllcd them, and lb
they departed fanftified.

The nth day, the Lords invited divers Cardinals, and .it the Car-
dinal of Pifa*8 houfe, I faw a live oftrich, and plucked a white fea-
ther from it.

The 1 ath day in the morning, the Lords heard a dirge mafs, at the
Spanifh church, for the Emperor's mother, where we had every one
of us a taper given us, to hold all mafs time in our hands. This day
dined with the Cardinal Caraffa, at a place called Belvedere, as much
as to fay, fair to look on, fo called, becaufeit ftandeth in fo good an air,
and hath the moft pleafant profpeds of all the palaces which are in
Rome. After dinner, the Lords went to vifit other Cardinals which
lay in the Pope's Court, and fo went up to the chamber of prefcnce,
to wait upon the Pope, that came out to evcn-fong. When they
came firft into the prefcnce, they found but one Cardinal there, who
very curjjoufly entertained them. Afterwards there came two of
the Cardinals together, and fometimes three, and fo came till ihcy
made the number of thirty : and ever as they came over the bridge
of St. Angelo, whether it were one, two, or three Cardinals together,
fo many as they were, fo many pieces of ordnance were flaot o(f the
caftle for an hour. That the Pope is bound to obferve to his well
beloved brethren, whenfoever they pafs the bridge, whether they
come to the Court or no. Alfo, as the Cardinals do come to the outer
gates of the Pope's palace, a drum and fife do give warning of their
coming. Within half an hour after the Cardinals were come into
the prefence chamber, there came the Pope's Holinefs out of his privy
chamber among them. They all rifing up at the fight of him,
bowed thcmfelves, ducking friar fafhion, and the Pope likewife to
them again. Then he being led by two Cardinals to a little fide tabic
in the chamber, they both did help him to put on his robes, pertaining
to his Holinefs. His robes being put on him, he went on this manner

O towards

ill
■ .If.

a 1

/ !l

'I." ,

]")"% I

STATE PAPERS.

MARY, towards the chapel to Even-fong, attended upon as foUoweth : Firft,
the officers of his houfhold, being a great number, before him, all in
fcarlet gowns. After them followed two, carrying each of then a mitre,
and two officers next them with filver rods in their hands. Then the
Cardinals having a crofs borne before them, and every Cardinal his
feveral pillar borne next before himfelf. After them cometh the
Pope's Holinefs in a chair of crimfon velvet, wrought with gold,
having fixteen more fpare men waiting upon the chair. Thus going
to the chapel, two fervants going before him, crying ftill Abaffij,
Abaffo (which is to fay, kneel down, Mafters), he fitting, bleffing
all the way as he went to Even-fong ; which being done, the Pope
returned, in like manner, to his chamber again.

The next day, being the 13th, his Holinefs went through St.
Peter's church to Mafs, to the chapel of St. Peter, in like manner
as before, faving that he had two triple crowns borne before him, of
an ineftimable value, which he had not before. So Mafs being faid,
he went in proceffion, in this order following : Firft, went the Friars,
and every parifh by themfelves with their crofs, all having white
torches in their hands. Next to them followed the Pope's officers all
in fcarlet gowns and black velvet coats j then the Priefts and finging
men of the Pope's chapel ; then Bifhops, to the number of fifty-
eight, all of them having mitres of white linen cloth on their
heads, and copes on their backs. After them followed the Car-
dinals, having mitres of white daniafk, and tunicles upon their
backs, with their crofles and pillars borne before them, as above
faid. Then came the Pope's Holinefs, and next before him went
the guard, being a great number, the Pope bejng carried in his chair as
before mentioned, having a little table before him, whereupon flood
the facrament, and two men going before him with great broad fans
made of peacocks tails, to keep the fun and flies from his holy face.
The mofl: part of his Cardinals had alfo the like fans before them.
After the Pope, followed a troop of light horfemen, to the number

STATE PAPERS.

eth: Firft,
him, all in
en a mitre,
Then the
'ardinal his
:ometh the
with gold,
Thus going
ftiU Abaffo,
ng, bleffing
e, the Pope

through St.
like manner
fore him, of
*s being faid,
it the Friars,
aving white
s officers all
and finging
ber of fifty-
th on their
d the Car-
iipon their
71, as above
e him went
his chair as
reupon flood
,t broad fans
is holy face,
efore them,
the number
of

of fixty-four, well armed and appointed. And thus was the order MARY.

of the Pope's going in proceffion. Now, at the Pope's fetting out * « — -J

of the gates of his palace with the proceffion, all the Pope's trum-
peters ftood there and founded. Then was there a warning piece
fhot off to the caftle of St. Angelo, whereupon the caftle gave a
great peal of ordnance, which continued a long time.

To write any thing of the antiquities of Rome, I thought it need-
lefs, confidering they are truly and notably fet forth in William
Thomas's book, of the Defcriptioa of Italy. We remained at Rome
fourteen days.

The fixteenth day the Lords dined and.fupped with the Pope at
the palace of St. Mark. After dinner they went to vifit the Car-
dinals they had not fpoken with before, and the fame night they took
their leave of the Pope, who gave my Lord Montague a table dia-
mond, with a ring, efteemed at aoco crowns;, and my Lord of Ely -
my mafter, a crofs of gold. They made great bonfires in Rome,
becaufe we were reconciled to the church of Rome, and the
caftle (hot off much ordnance. We faw a world of relicks, very
ridiculous and incredible, viz. the pidlure of Chrift:, called La
Sudaria, lively as he was upon the earth. One of the nails that Chrift
was nailed with to the crofs. The flairs Chrift went up on going
to be examined and judged of Pilate ; upon which ftairs he had
a fall; and with his elbow, to fave himfelf, he made a great hole
in the ftairs, the which is covered over with a grate of filver; unto
the which there is made a great offering. The table that Chrift made
his laft fupper upon with his difciples. The crown of thorns where-
with Chrift was crowned, upon the crofs, cum miiltis a/iis quae per^
fcrihere longum ejl.

Note here, the whole number of miles from London to Rome.
Accounting the leagues in France two Englifli miles a league, and
thofc in Savoy and Piedmont, at three every league, though fome
miles in Savoy be more ; yet becaufe the Italian miles be fhorter

O 3 than

'ill

ill; ;■

xoo

STATE PAPERS.

M ARV.

>5SS-
U— V '

fe-r

I i

than the Englifli, I let them borrow of the leagues in Savoy, account-
ing all as Englifh miles ; by which account, all together make up
one thoufand one hundred and fifty-eight miles.

The Ead of our Journey to Rome.

Our yourney from Rome, through Germany , and fo to

London,

"DROM Rome to Rignano, twenty miles. From RIgnano to
Narni, twenty miles. From Narni to Spoleto, eighteen miles.
From Spoleto to Foligni, twelve miles. From Foligni to Sigillo,
twenty- four miles ; to Nocera to dinner, twelve miles. From Sigillo
to Urbino, twenty-two miles j and to Caglie to dinner, feventeen
Riiles.

This town is the principal town of the Duke's, and flandeth
upon the top of a high hill, but of no great ftrength. The Duke
was in the town at our coming thither.

There we faw Polydore Virgilius* grave, who died not palling a
month before we came thither. Here they all remained one day,
which was the 26th.

From Urbino to Rimino, twenty-four miles, calling at Monteliore,
to dinner, twelve miles. From Rimino to Cefena, twenty miles.
From Cefena to Imola, thirty miles. From Imola to Bononia,
twenty miles; where we ftaid the firft day of July. From Bononia
to Crocetta, fourteen miles, by a caftle named St. Zunan, of great
force, and well watered. From Crocetta to Concordia, twenty-five
miles, pafiing over the river of Panaro upon a bridge in a little vil-
lage called Bonporto, riding a long lime the river of Secchia, which
cometh to this town, and meeteth the Po ten miles from Concordia.
This town belongeth to the Principality of Mitandula, and was
burnt three years -^^H by the Pope Julius, with others for

difpleafure.

From

STATE PAPERS.

loi

From Concordia to Mantua, twenty-two miles, paffing the river M a R y.

1555.

of Secchia, riding through a town called St. Benedetto, where we
paffed the river of Po. There we inned at the Black Morian.

The Duke of Mantua his revenue by year, was but one thoufand
ducats, but afterwards the Duke his father increafed it thirty thou-
fand ducats more, by marriage with a Nobleman's daughter in Italy,
an heirefs. The Duke that is now, was but the fecond brother. He
is very uncomely of perfon, fquint-eyed, crook-backed, and but fif-
teen years old.

His elder brother was drowned by misfortune, being a fifliing in
a boat, in the lake that is about the town. The third brother was
put to the King's Court to learn French; but the French King will
no more let him come home as yet ; fome think he will marry to one
of his daughters, that after the deceafe of the Duke his brother, he
being the next heir, might enjoy the Dukedom of Mantua. The
fourth brother is a Biftiop. The Duke's uncle being Cardinal of
Mantua, is Governor of this town. Here I faw a mill to wind filk,
which was a notable piece of work.

From Mantua to Bofolingo, twenty-two miles, through a town
called Villa Franca, a ftreight, by which they muft pafs that come
from Mantua to Venice by land, or from Mantua to Trent; in the
which ftreight are fuch exceptions as I have not known before ; for
no man can pafs that way, but he muil pay the value of an Englifli
penny, and yet is it not gathered for the repairing of an high-way or
bridges. There be two men that farm this ftreight of the Venetians
yearly, for one hundred and fifty crowns. By this town runneth
the river of Adige, the fwifteft river that ever I faw, which falleth
into the gulph of Venice.

From Bofolingo to Paw, twenty-two miles, pafllngover the river of
Adige, and riding through two towns, Sereigne and Bergetto, ftand-
ing both between mountains, upon the river of Adige. At Sereigne
is a ftreight called La Chiufa, having notable rocks on the one fide

of.

fJVJ

103

STATE PAPERS.

MARY

¥*;:

■■ it!

of it, and the river on the other fide, being well fortified with
ordnance and munition, as the Venetians have all their ports for
the moft part, fo that there is very hard paflage without licence.
Thefe two towns Bergetto and Paw, belong to the King of the Ro-
mans. The Cardinal of Trent is Governor of them.

From Paw to Trent, twenty-two miles, riding all the way by
the river of Adige, and between mountains, palling through a
goodly town of the King of the Romans, called Roveredo, where we
dined at the fign of the Star. It hath in it a very ftrong caftle ftand-
ing upon a rock. Trent ftandeth upon the river of Adige, but it is
of no force, neither great, nor much fair building in it, his own
palace or cafile excepted, which is wonderful beautiful, and very
richly furnifhed. The Cardinal is abfolute Lord and Governor of
the town ; he hath a guard of fifty men to w ait upon him, befides a
great number of gentlemen and other fervitors. He is a Dutchman
born, and cometh of a very noble houfe; but in his houfe-keeping ,
he fheweth himfelf an Italian, to keep bare cheer, and a mean table;
notwithftanding this Cardinal is more honourably ferved in his houfe,
for the cheer he keepeth, than any other that I have feen, and is very
rich. I faw two oftriches at his houfe, the one rufl'et, the other black.
Here we faw a child, whom the Jews had martyred many years paft,
all his body pricked with needles. We inned at the fign of the
Rofe, and remained there three days, the 8th, 9th, and loth.

The refl: of the journey homewards is omitted as not material.

't 4

il-^';'K

STATE PAPERS.

No. vr.

Letters concerning Calais,

[Queen Mary fald, during her laft illnefs, that after fhe was dead,
they would find Calais lying at her heart. — It appears from the
papers contained in this article, which have been thought to de-
ferve publication, that the lofs of it, which happened foon after,
was owing to the negligence of her Council, in not fupplying that
place and Guifnes, with fufHcient garrifons and ammunition.]

The Council of Calais to the ^een,

IT may pleafe your Highnefs to underftand. That where, upon
circumfpedl confideration and view of your Majefty's ftore here
of munition and other habiliments for war, there is prefently found
not only a great want in many kinds thereof, but alfo fuch a decay in
divers other things, as the fame are not ferviceable, and will be utterly
loft if they be not with fpeed repaired and put in better eftate; as this
bearer, Mr. Highfield, mafter of your ordnance here, can declare
more amply the particularities thereof, either unto your Majefty, or
unto fuch of your Council, as fhall pleafe your Highnefs to direct
him ; we have thought it our bounden duties to be moft humble
fuitors unto your Majefty, that it would pleafe the fame to give im-
mediate order, as well for the fupplement of the faid lacks, as alfo
for your warrant to be addreflTed hither, for the repairing of all other
things requifite to be done Vvithin his office.

And thus we continually pray Almighty God for the long prefcr-
vaiion of your Highnefs in moft profperous eftate. From your town
of Calais the 23d of May 1557.

I Your Majefty's, &c.

May 23,-

;jt

^,i:,(i^:f j, VI . i

I'M:-

Decemb. 27.

18 TATE PAPERS.

Ziord Wetttwortht Lord Grey^ &'c, to the ^een.

/^UR boiinden duties moft humbly remembered unto your High-
nefs ; Upon the receipt of the intelligences fent unto your Majefty
this other day, from me your Grace's deputy, I forthwith difpatched
to my Lord Grey, requiring his Lordfhip to repair to this town,
that we might together confult of the ftate of your Highnefs's places
and country on this fide. So his Lordfhip coming hither, we have
conferred together our feveral intelligences, and finding the fame in
effedt to agree, it hath very much augmented our fufpicion, that this
train now meant by the enemy fhould be made towards your High-
nefs's country or places. Whereupon we all together have confi-
dered the ftate of the fame, and faid our opinions therein, as it may
appear unto your Highnefs by thefe articles we fend herewith to
your Majefty, which we have thought our duties to fignify unto
you. Moft humbly befeeching your Highnefs to return unto us
your pleafure therein. So we pray Jefu grant your Majefty long
and profperous reign. At your town of Calais, 37th Dec. 1557*

Your Highnefs's, &c.

Our Confultation made the 2'] th Decern, 1557.

■plRST, Having no fupplement of men other than is prefently
there, we think it meeteft, if the enemy fhould give the attempt,
to abandon the town (which could not be without very great danger
of the caftle), and defend the turnpike, which is of the more import-
ance, becaufe that way only, in necelTity, the relief to the caftle
is to be looked for.

Item, There is great want of wheat, buuer, cheefe, and other
viduals.

Itemy

STATE PAPERS.

105

rour High-
)ur Majefty
difpatched
I this town,
lefs's places
;r, we have
the fame in
)n, that this
your High-
have confi-
1, as it may
herewith to
fignify unto
irn unto us
/lajefty long

557'

is prefently

le attempt,

reat danger

ore import-

the caftle

and other

IteiHy

Itetftt It is requifite to have fomc men of eftimation and fervice to MARY,
be there* that might he able to take the charge in hand, if either
ficknefs or other accident fhould fortune to me the Lord Grey ; which
I the faid Lord Grey the rather require by reafon of Sir Henry Pal-
mer's hurt, being of any other perfon at this prefent utterly unfur-
nifhed.

Hampnes Castle.

Item, We think the fame fufficiently furniflied of men for the
fudden ; albeit, this hard and frofty weather, if it continue, will
give the enemy great advantage, yet we put in as much water as is
poifible.

Of victuals, that place is utterly unprovided, except the Captain's
(lore.

It is alfo thought meet to have there fome man of eftimation and
fervice, for the refpedts contained in the article of Guifnes, which
alfo the Lord Dudley requires.

Newnambridge.

Itenti We think it meet, upon the occaflon to withdraw the bands
from the Caufeway thither ; and then are of opinion, the fame to be
fufficient to defend that place for a feafon, unlefs the enemy fliall
get between this town and the bridge.

It is clean without victuals other than the Captain's own pro-
vifion.

Rysbank.

Becaufe that place Aandeth upon the Tea, and by the fhore fide
may the enemy come in a night to it, we think it meet to appoint
thither a band of the low country under the leading of Capt. Dodd.
It is altogether unfurni(hed of victuals, other than for the Captain's
own ftorc.

P Calais.

,( i'

■■i r.
ifiJil

106

STATE PAPERS.

I 3m

MARY.
»5S7-

-■':'t,

I: m

Calais.

Whereas all your Majefty's places on this fide make account t&
be furnifhed of viduals and other neceflarics from hence; it is fo»
that of viduals your Highnefs hath prefently none here, and alfo
this town hath none, by reafon that the reftraint in the realm
hath been fo ftrait, as the vi£tuallers as were wont to bring daily
hither good quantities of butter, cheefe, bacon, wheat, and other
things, might not of late be fufFered to have any recourfe hither,
■whereby is grown a very great fcarcity of all fuch things here.

Finally, forafmuch as all the wealth and fubftance of your Majefty*8
whole dominion on this fide, is now in your low country, a thing
not unknown to the enemy, and if with this his great power coming
down (as the bruit goeth), for the vidualling of Arde, he will give
attempt upon your Highnefs's country, we do not fee that the
fmall number here (in refpeiSl of their force) can by any means de-
fend it. And if we (hould ftand to refift their entry into the
country, and there receive any lofs or overthrow, the country fhould
neverthelefs be overrun and fpoiled, and befides it would fet the
enemy in a glory, and alfo be the more peril to your Highnefs's
places. We therefore upon the neceffity, think it meet to gather
all our men into ftrengths, and with the fame to defend your places
to the uttermoft ; notwithilanding all the power on this fide is far
infufficient to defend the places, in cafe the enemy fliall tarry any
fpace in the fieldt

Wentworth, Grey, &c.

STATE PAPERS.

loy

■I I

7%e Lord Weniworthy Deputy of Calais^ to the ^cen»

MARY.

1557-8.

Janiiaiy i.

TT may plcafe your Highncfs. Having retired the Bands from
the Caufeway the lafl: night, and placed them at the bridge, and
tvithin the brayes ; this morning early I returned them to the faid
Caufeway, to defend that paflage in cafe the enemy would attempt
to enter there, and alfo to offer fkirmifli to take fome of thcmi and
I to learn fbmewhat of their power. Between nine and ten the enemy

I Ihowed in a very great bravery about fix enfigns of footmen, and

% certain horfemen, and came from the chaulk pitts down the hill

towards the caufeway. Whereupon fome of ours iffiied and offered
the fkirmifli, but the enemy would in no wife fcem to meddle.
During this their flillnefs, they caufed about two hundred Harque-
bufiers to cut over the marfhes from Sandgate, and get between ours
and the bridge, and then to have hotly fet on them on both fides.
In this time alfo, at a venture, I had caufed your Majefly's Marfhall
with the horfemen to go abroad, and maintain the fkirmifli with the
footmen, and by that the Marfhall came there, the enemy's Harque-
bufiers that pafTed the marflies were difcovered, and ours fuddenly
took a very honefl retire, which the enemies on the land fide per-
ceiving, came on, both horfemen and footmen, marvellous hotly ; to
whom ours gave divers onfets, continually fkirmifliing till they came
to the bridge, and there repofed themfelves. The bridge beftowed
divers fhot upon the enemy, and hurt fome. Of ours, thanked
be God, none flain nor hurt, but a man at arms fliicken in the leg
with a currior. The alarm continued till one o'clock in the after-
noon, before the end whereof our enemy's number increafcd; for
eleven enfigns more of footmen came in fight, and three troops of
horfemen ; befides, the alarm went round about our country at that
inftant, even from Sandgate to Guifnes, and bands of the enemy at

P 2 every

III

io8

MARY.
1557-8.

1,1 1^' '
li *' I

STATE PAPERS.

every paflage. They have gotten Froyton church, and plant them-
felves at all the freights into this country. The bulwarks of Froyton
and Nefle have this day done their duty very well, to whom I have
this afternoon fent aid of men, and feme fhot and powder. Howbeit
I am in fome doubt of Nefle this night.

I am perfedly advertifed their number of horfemen and footmen
already arrived, is above 13,000, whereof little lefs have come in
fight here. The Duke of Guife is not yet arrived, but hourly looked
for with a more number. This evening I have difcovered five hun-
dred waggons laden with vidiual and munition, and have further per-
fect intelligence, that thirty cannons be departed from Boulogne
hitherwards. They are fettled at Sandgate, Galley Moat, Caufe-
way, Froyton, Calkewell, Nefle, and Syntrecafe. At one o'clock
after midnight, I look for them, being low water '♦ the paflTage over
the haven. Thus having fet all things in the bed order I can, I
make an end of three days work, and leave your Majeily to confider
for our fpeedy fuccour. Befeeching God to grant your Highnefs
vidlory, with long and profperous reign. At your town of Calais9
this New Year's Day, at nine in the night, 1557.

I have received your Majefty's letter by the Mafter of the Ord-
nance, who came in this morning. The contents whereof I will
follow as near as I can.

Your Highnefs*s mofl:

humble and obedient

fervant and fubjed,

Wentworth,

STATE PAPERS.

tog

Lord Wentworth to the ^een.

MARY.

, '557-8- ^

January 2.

id footmen
je come in
irly looked
1 five hun-
urther per-
i Boulogne
)at, Caufe-
ane o'clock
lafTage over
,er I can, I
to confider
r Highnefs
^ of Calais*

the Ord-
reof I will

,V0RTH.

FTER my humble duty remembered, it may pleafe your High-
nefs, this lad night our enemies lay flill, -without any thing
attempting in the places mentioned in my lad letters, as we did well
perceive during the whole night, by great fires made in the fame
places.

This morning early, I put out frefli footmen to the bridge, to
relieve the watched men. About nine o'clock, the enemies in very
great number approached the bridge, and offered the ikirmifli;
whereupon iflued out fome of our Harquebufiers and Bowmen, and
kept them in play, with the help of the fhot from the bridge, more
than an hour; and in the end, being overmatched with multitudej
made their retire within the turnpike without any lofs or hurt. The
enemies fhadowing themfelves under the turnpike wall, with their
curriors (which aflfuredly ihot very great bullets, and carry far) kept
themfelves in fuch furety, as our pieces of the bridge could not
annoy them, till at eleven o'clock, certain of ours bored holes with
auger through the turnpike, and with harquebufles beat them out
into the {hot of ordnance, and fo made them retire to the Caufe-
way.

This forenoon certain Swifles and Frenchmen, to the number of
five hundred, got within the marflies between Froyton and Nefle
bulwarks; and the men of the bulwarks feeing themfelves to be
compafTed on all fides, and feeing alfo that time yet ferved them
well to depart, and fearing they fhould not fo do, if they tarried till'
they were aflailed on both fides (as they could not indeed) forfook
their bulwarks, and right manfully, notwithftanding the enemies be-
tween them and home, faved themfelves through the marfhcs. In the

9 retire

STATE PAPERS.

MARY.

1557-8.

i.^-'

retire of the enemies, one Cookfon, a man at arm8, and few other
foldiers, with the countrymen, refcued moft part of the booty (which
was certain kinc) and took three prifoners of the Captain of Abbe-
ville's band. The report of this cnterprize of the enemy being
brought to me, fearing Colham Hill, I forthwith appointed your
Majcfty's Marlhal with the Horfemen, and two hundred footmen,
to repair thither, and as they fhould fee their match, fo to demean
themfclves. Ere thefc men had marched a quarter of a mile, the
enemies were retired out of the country, upon occafion, that wading
as they entered in up to the girdle ftead, and perceiving the water
to increafe, thought good to make a fpeedy return : and neverthe-
Icfs, for all their haile, went up to the breafl, and if they had tarried
a little longer, I had put in fo much water, as I think would have put
them over head and ears ; and God willing, at the next tide I will
take in more. This afternoon they have jjeen quiet, and we the
mean time be occupied in cutting up of paflages to let in more water
about the bridge, and that part of the marflics, whereby the enemies
fliall have very ill watering. I would alfo take in the fait water
about the town, but I cannot do it, by reafon I fliould infe<5l our own
water, wherewith we brew, and notwithftanding all I can do, our
brewers be fo behind-hand in grinding and otherwife, as we ihall
find that one of our greatcft lacks. I therefore make all the hafte
and provifion I can there, and howfoevcr the matter go, muft fliortly
be forced to let in the fait water. - ,. .

The three men taken to-day be very ragged, and ill appointed. In
examining, they confcfs that there is great mifery in their camp, and
great want of money and vidtuals. They fay, and I partly believe
it, bccaufe it alniull appeareth to me, their number to be 25,000
footmen, whereof 10,000 Swifles, and 10,000 horfemen. The Duke
of Guife is already among them, and the only devifcr and leader of
this enterprife. They fay alfo, a ihot from the bridge to the Caufe-

• way

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w.iy ycftcrdny, nruck ofF the Mafler of the cainp^ Ipc, cnlled Cap-
tain Gouulaiilt. I am alio pcrfctflly advertifcd, boih hy thd'e men
and otherwife, that they have no great <;rdnance yet come, but Uwk
for it daily by fca ; it is eighty pieces, whereof thirty be cannons,
and arc laden, with munition and viduals, in vclTcls, which fliall
land at Sandgate, or rather I thiak at Boulogne, and to be taken out
of the great fhips, and fo again embarked to Sandgatc in Icflcr vef-
fcls, as they have done moft part of their viiluals and carriage that
they have hitherto occupied. And furely if your Maj^Hy's fliips had
been on this flvire, they might either have letted tlicir voyage, or
at the Icall very much hindered it, and not unlike to have dillreffed
them, being only fmall boats. Their ordnance that comes fliall be
conveyed in the fame fort, it may therefore pleafe your Majcfty to
confidcr it. I have alfo now fully difcovered their enterprize, and am
(as a man may be) moft furethey will firft attempt upon Ilyfbanke,
and that way chiefly aflail the town. Marry 1 think they lie hover-
ing in the country, for the coming of their great artillery, and alfo
to be mafters of the fea. And therefore I truft your Highnefs will
hafte over all things necefliary for us with expedition. Under your
Majefty's reformation, I think, if yo i pleafed to fct the paflage at
liberty for all men to come that would, bringing fullicicnt viduals
for themfclves for a feafon, I am of opinion here would be enow,
and with more fpeed than can be made by order. Marry then
muft it well be forefeen to tranfport wiih expedition viduals hither.
I have written to the King's Majefty, o the enemy s being here,
and was bold humbly to befeech his Majefty to give commiflion to the
Governors of his frontiers, I might, in necefTity upon my letter, have
three or four hundred harquebufiers Spaniards, that now be placed
about St. Omer's, whereof I thought it my duty to advertife your
Majefty foi ur pleafure, whether I may write to the Governors to
that cfFe<a, upon his Majefty's anfwer, and take them or not.

I, with

III

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MARY.

1557-8,

STATE PAPERS.

I, with the reft of your Council here, are forced to put your Ma-
jefty to fome charges; for having taken in a confufed number of
countrymen, we muft needs reduce them into order, and the com-
moners alfo, and have thei^efore called them into wages, and ap-
pointed Captains of the fitteft men that prefently be here.

I have placed Dodd with his band in Ryfbanke, and the reft of the
extraordinary bands be at the bridge, and in the brayes of this town.

As I was making this difcourfe, fix Enfigns of footmen, and cer-
tain bands of horfemen, came from Sandgate by the Downs, within
the fight of Ryft)anke, on whom, that place and this town alfo,
beftowed divers fhots. ^

This evening, they have made their approach to Ryfbanke, with-
out any artillery, and as far as I can perceive, do mind to make the
aflTault with ladders, herdy, &c. and other things, and that ways
get it. At Calais the ad of January, at ten in the night, 1557.

As I was in communication with your Mayor and Aldermen,
touching the ftate of this town, whom I find of marvellous good
courage, and moft ready to live and die in this town, I received
letters from my Lords of the Council, of your Majefty's aid pro-
vided for us.

I fear this ftiall be my.laft letter, for that the enemy will ftop my
paflage, but I will do what I can tidily, to fignify unto your Ma-
jefty our ftate.

Your Majefty's, &c-

Wentwohth.

STATE PAPERS.

MARY.

Lord Grey to the ^ueen,

■jy/r Y moft bounden duty humbly premifed to your Majcfty ;
whereas I have heretofore always in efFc(St written nothing
to your Highnefs but good, touching the fervice and (late of your
places here ; I am now conftrained with woful heart to fignify unto
your Majefty thefe enfuing. The French have won Newhaven-
bridge, and thereby entered into all the Low country, and the marfhcs
between this and Calais. They have alfo won Ryfbank, whereby
they be now matter of that haven. And this laft night paft, they
have placed their ordnance of battery againfl: Calais, and are en-
camped upon St. Peter's heath before it ; fo that now I am clean
cut off from all relief and aid, which I looked to have both out of
England and from Calais, and know not how to have help, by any
means, either of men or viduals. There refteth now none other
way for the fuccour of Calais, and the reft of your Highnefs's places
on this fide, but a power of men out of England, or from the King's
Majefty, or from both without delay, able to diftrefs and keep them
from viduals coming to them, as well by fea as by land, which fhall
force them to levy their fiege to the battle, or elfe drive them to a
greater danger. For lack of men out of England, I fliall be forced
to abandon the town, and take in the foldiers thereof for defence
of the caftle. I have made as good provifion of victuals as I could
by any means out of the country, with which, God willing, I doubt
not to defend and keep this place as long as any man, whatfoever he
be, having no better provifion, and furniture of men and viduals
than I have; wherein your Grace fhall well perceive, thai I will
not fail to do the duty of a faithful fubjedl and Captain, although
the enemy attempt never fo ftoutly, according to the truft repofcd in
me. I addreffed letters prefently to the King's Majefty by this

Q^ bearer,

1,-57-8-
January 4.

'^S-

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STATE PAPERS.

It .!

MARY, bearer, moft humbly defiring aid from him, according to the cfFedl

« , ' aforcfaid. I might now very evil have fpared this bringer, my fcr-

vant and triifly officer here, in this time of fervicc. Howbeit con-
fidering the great importance of his meflage, I thought him a meet
man for the purpofe, defiring your Majefty to credit him fully, and
to hear him at large, even as diredtly as your Grace would hear me,
to open my mind in this complaint of imminent danger. Thus
trufting of relief and comfort forthwith from youi Majefty for the
fafeguard of Calais, and other your places here, I take my leave
mofl: humbly of your Grace. At your Highnefs*s Caftle of Guifnes,
moft afliu'cd Englifli even to the death, the 4th of January 1537, at
feven of the clock in the morning.

Your Majefty*s moft humble

Servant, and obedient Subje(5l,
^" GREY.

'\- "i <i

To the ilueen our Sovereign Lady.

■pLEASETH your Highnefs to underftand the declaration of
your humbleft and faithful fervant, John Highfield, concerning
the befieging and lofs of your Grace's town of Calais.

Firft, being appointed by your moft honourable Council to repair
into England, I came. And after pjme intelligence that the French
army drew towards the Englifli pale, I was commanded to return
with diligence unto my charge at Calais, and I arrived there on New
Year's D^y in tlie morning. The enemy being then encamped
about Sandgate ; the faid morning, after I had delivered letters to
my Lord Deputy, from your Grace's faid Council, the faid Lord
Deputy tiold me how the alarm was made the night before, and alfo
what he thought meet for me to be done, for the better furniture of

thofe

STATE PAPERS.

115

thofe fortrefles which were in 1 .oft danger, as the bulwarks of the ^ ^ \^'

'5S7"''*
High Country, Giiifnes, Newhavenbridge, and Ryfbanke, and aUo

for the Defence of the Low Country, becaufe his Lordftiip thought

their enterprife had tended only to the fpoil thereof. Then I fliowed

that there was fufficient ftore of all munitions, and that I would

fend to all places as need required, which was done.

Item, On Sunday following, we perceived the French ordnance
was brought to their camp; whereby appeared that the enemy meant
to batter fome place. And thereupon there were two mounts repaired
for the better defence. At the fame time, I defired to have fome
pioneers appointed to help the cannoneers (who were not forty in
number) for the placing and entrenching of our great ordnance*
which pioneers I could never get. The fame day, the enemy forced
our men to forfake the bulwarks of the High Country, and then it
was moved to my Lord Deputy, that the fea might be let in, as well
to drown the caufeway beyond Newhavenbridge, as alfo other places
about the town ; wherein was anfwered, not to be neceflary without
more appearance of befieging ; and becaufe that the fea being entered
fliould hinder the paftures of the cattle, and alfo the brewing of the
beer. The fame day my Lord took order that victuals and other
necefTaries fliould be fent to Newhavenbridge for fix days, which
was done.

Item, On Monday in the morning, my Lord Deputy with the reft
of the Council there, perceiving that the enemy intended to approach
nearer, were in doubt whether they might abandon the Low Country;
and by advice, my Lord gave order, that the Bailiff of Marke fliouId
appoint the fervants and women of the Low Country, with their
fupcrfluous cattle, to draw, if need happened, into the Flemifh pale,
and the faid Bailiff with his beft men to repair to Marke church, and
there to abide further order. The fame morning before day, the
enemy had made their approaches, and did batter both Newhaven-
bridge and the Ryfbanke, which was given up before nine of the clock.

0^3 The

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ISS7-8.
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The Captain of Newliavenbridgc had word fent him, that if he favv
no remedy to avoid the danger, that then he fliould retire with his
company into the town. The Captain of Rylbanke did about the
fame time furrender, becaufe (as he told me fince) his pieces were all
difmounted, and the foldiers very loth to tarry at the breach, wherein
I know no more. But after the enemy were entered, 1 eaufed the
faid Ryfbanke to be battered, and when my Lord faw how little it
profited, he commanded to ceafe. The fame day the paffages being
both loft, the enemy planted their ordnance on the Sand-hill, td
batter the north fide of the town ; and tten I moved my Lord to
call in as many countrymen as he could, and to appoint them Cap-
tains, and their feveral quarters, for the relief of thofe which did
moft commonly watch and attend oa the walls, who anfwered, that
he had determined already fo to do. Howbeit the women did more
labour about the rampart than the faid countrymen, which, for lack
of order in time, did abfent themfelves in houfes and other fecret
places.

The fame evening, Captain Saligues came into Calais, whereupoa
the people rejoiced, hoping fome fuccour, but after that time, it was
too late to receive help by land, becaufe the French horfemen were
entered the Low Country.

Itemj On Tucfday in the morning, the enemy begun their bat-
tery to the town, on which fide 1 had placed fourteen brafs pieces.
Howbeit, within fliort time, the enemy having fo commodious a
place, did difmount certain of our beft pieces, and confumed fome
of the gunners, which flood very open for lack of mounds and good
fortification. For if the rampart had been finifhcd, there might
divers pieces have been brought from other places, which were above
fixty in number, ready mounted, but lacking convenient place, and
chiefly cannoneers and pioneers, it was hard to difplace the French
battery; which counter-battery could not have been maintained for
lack of powder. For at the beginning, having in ftore four hun-
dred

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STATEPAPERS.

dred barrels, I found that there was fpent within five days, one
hundred.

Item^ On Wednefday the enemy continued their battery on the
town without great hurt done, becaufe they could not beat the foot
of the wall, for that the conrremure was of a good height, and we
reinforced the breach in the night, with timber, wool, and other
matter fufficiently, and we looked that the enemy would have at-
tempted the aflault the fame evening, whereupon I caufed two flan-
kers to be made ready, and alfo placed tv'o bombards, by the help of
the foldiers, appointing weapons and fireworks to be in readinefs at
the faid breach. At which time my Lord commanded the foldiers of
the garrifon to keep their ordinary wards, and Mailer Grimfton to
the breach with the rcfidue of the bell foldiers. And then my Lord,
exhorted all men to fight, with other good words, as in fuch cafe ap-
pertaineih. And my faid Lord told me divers times, that although
there came no fuccour, yet he would never yield, nor (land to an-
fwer the lofs of fuch a tovvn.

Itcm^ On Thurfday began one other battery to the caftle, which
being a high and weak wall without rampart, was made faultable
the fame day. Whereupon the Captain of the caflle defired fome
more help, to defend his breach, or elfe to know what my Lord
thought bed in that behalf. Then after long debating, my Lord
determined to have the towers overthrown, which one Saulle took
upon him to do, notwithftanding I faid openly, that if the caftle
were abandoned, it Ihould be the lofs of the town. The fame night
my Lord appointed me to be at the breach of the town with him ; and
about eight of the clock the enemy waded over the haven at the low
water, with certain harquebufiers, to view the breaches, and coming
to the caftle, found no refiftance, and fo entered ; then the faid Saulla
failed to give fire unto the train of powder. Then my Lord under -
ftanding that the enemy were entered into the caftle, commanded
me to give order for battering the caftle, whereupon incontinent

♦.here

»»7

MARY.
1S57-8.

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STATE PAPERS.

MARY.

1557-8.

imik'

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there were bent three cannons, and )ne faker before the gate, to
beat the bridge, which being ii t'. night did not greatly annoy.
The fame time, Mr. Marfhall wit!; .vers foldiers came towards the
caftlc, left the enemy fliould enter ihe town alfo. And after we
had fkii'miihed upon the bridge (feeing no remedy to recover the
caftle;, we did burn and break the laid bridge; and there was a
trench immediately caft before the caftle, which was only help at
that time. Within one hour after, upon nccefTity of things, deter-
mined to fend a trumpet with a herald, declaring, that if the French
would fend one gentleman, then he would fend one other in gage.
Whereupon my Lord fent for me, and commanded that I fhould
go forth of the town for the fame pur^-ofe, wherein I defired his
Lordfhip, that he would fend fome other, and rather throw me over
the walls ; then he fpoke likewife to one Windebanke, and to Maf-
fmgberd (as I remember), which were both to go unto fuch fervice.
Then my Lord fent for me again into Peyton's houfe, and being
cftfoons commanded by the Council there, I went forth with a trumpet,
and received in a French Gentleman, who, as I heard, was brought to
my Lord Deputy's houfe, and treated upon fome articles, which were
brought within one hour by one Hall, merchant of the Staple. Then
Monfieur D'Andelot entered the town with certain French Gentle-
men, and the faid Hall and I were brought to Monf de Guife, who
lay in the Sand hills by Ryibanke, and there the faid Hall delivered a
bill, and we were fent '.o Monf. D'Eftree's tent. The Friday after,
Monf. D'Eftrees told me, that my Lord Deputy had agreed to render
the town with lofs of all the goods, and fifty prifoncrs to remain.
On Saturday he brought me into the town, willing me to tell him
what ordnance, powder, and other houfcs did belong unto my office,
becaufe he would referve the fame from fpoiling by the French fol-
diers. And after he had knowledge that all my living was on that
fide, he was content that I fhould depart into Flanders. Notwith-
ftanding, I was driven oiF until Wednefday ; then he faid, he would

fend

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119

fend me away, if I would promife him to make fuit, that his Ton MAR Y.

niight return in exchange for the Captain of the taftlc, who being

prifoner, defired me alfo to travail in it, for he would rather give

3000 crowns than remain a prifoner. Whereujv.ni I promifed to

enquire and labour in the fame matter to the heft of my power. At

my faid return into the town, I found my wife, wliich fhowcd me

that in my abfence, (he had beftowed my money and plate to the

value of 600/. which was found before my coming, faving one bag

with 350 crowns, which I offered to give unto the fiid Monf.

D'Eftrees, if he would promife me on his honour to difpatch me on

horfeback to Oraveling, which he did. And there I met with

Monf. de Vandeville, to whom I told, that I thought the enemy

would vifit him fliortly ; and among other things, I enquired of

him where Monf. D'Eftrees's fon did lie, wl;o told nic that he was

at Bruges.

Then at my coming to Dunkirk, there were divers Engliflimen
willing to ferve, whereupon I fpakc to the Captain of the town, who
advifed me to move it to the Duke of Savoy. Then I rode to
Bruges, befceching him to confider the poor men, and how willing
they were to ferve the King's Majefly if they might be employed.
Then he anfwercd, that he thought my I^ord of Pembroke would
fhortiy arrive to Dunkirk, and then he would take order. Further,
the faid Duke alked me, after what fort the town was lofl: ? I an-
fvvcred, that the caufe was not only by the wcakncfs of the caftle,
and lack of men, but alfo I thought there was fomc treafon, for, as
I heard, there were fome efcaped cut of the town, and the French-
men told me, that they had intelligence of all our eflate within the
town. Then I put the Duke in remembrance of Guifnes, who told
mc, that he would fuccour the caftle, if it were kept four or five
days. Then I took leave to depart from him, and when I was go-
ing out of the houfe, he fent the Captain of his guard to commit me
to prifon, where I have remained nine weeks, without any matter

3 laid

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J5S7-8.

STATE PAPERS.

laid to my charge, faving he fent to me within fourteen days after,
to declare in writing, after what fort the town was loft, which I
did as nigh as I could remember. And at the Duke's next return
to Bruges, I fent him a fupplication, defiring, that if any infor-
mation were made againft me, that I might anfwer it in England,
or otherwife at his pleafure. Whereupon he took order to fend me
hither without paying any part of my charges, which I have pro-
mifed to anfwer. Moft humbly praying your Highnefs to confider
xny poor eftate, and willing heart, which I bear, and am moft:
bounden to your Grace's fervice, befeeching God to conferve your
Mjyefty in all felicity.

':r- t ^

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131

No. VII.

Letters from Sir Nicholas Throhmrton^ Amhaffador in
France, From the Origi?2als in the Paper Office,

[This fuite of Letters from Throckmorton is publilhed by way of
addition to what Dr. Forbes has already printed, of the negocia-
tions of that able and well informed Ambaflador. He was then
on the mofl confidential terms with Cecil ; but on his return
home, not meeting with the reward he expedlcd and deferved
for his ferviccs, he ftruck in not only with the Leiccfter fac-
tion, but with the Queen of Scots' party, and did the worft
offices in his power to the Secretary ; he had likewife quarrelled
in France, and was at the eve of fighting with Sir T. Smith, his
colleague, and the intimate friend of Cecil, and it is probable
that the latter who went by plain ways to dire£t ends, difliked his
intriguing fpirit, and dreaded his abilities. There is an original
pi(Sture of him at Wobourn, which has a remarkable fubtle look.J

ELIZA-
BETH.

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secret, Cecil,

SIR,

TH E 25th of Odober, in the night, I received the Queen's
Majefl;y's packet, with the letters and writings mentioned in
the fame, by my fervant Davis ; and alfo a letter from you, which
amongft other things contai'neth your advice to have me write to her
Majefty, to move the fame for order to be taken in the better difpatch
of her affairs, which, you fay, are too much negledled. For anfwer
vvhereunto, I fay, I know not where to begin : I looked by your
laft to be fomewhat fatisfied and refolvcd, touching the greatefl mat-
ter of all, I mean the Queen's marriage. I know not what to think,
nor how to underftand your letter in that point. And the bruits be fo
brim, and fo malicioufly reported here, touching the marriage of the

R Lord

i;6o.
Oaober 28.

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^o^pl z A- Lor J Robert, and tlie death of his wife *, as I know not where to
turn mc, nor what countenance to bear. Sir, I thank God I had
rather perlfh and quail with honefly, than live and beguile a little
time with fhame.

And therefore I tell you plainly, until I hear off, or on, what you
think in that matter, I fee no reafon in the advifing of her Majefty.
Marry, to you I fay in private, that albeit I do like him for fome
refpe^ls well, and efleem him for many good parts and gifts of
nature, that be in him, and do wifh him well to do; yet the love,
duty, and affedlion, that I bear to the Queen's Majefty, and to the
furety of herfelf, and her realm, doth, and fliall, during my life,
take more place in me, than any friendship, or any particular cafe.
And therefore I fay, if that marriage take place, I know not to
what purpofe any advice or counfel fhould be given ; for as I fee
into the matter, none would ferve. If you think, that I have any
fmall (kill or judgment in things at home, or on this fide, or can
conjedlure fequels, I do aflure you, the matter fuccecding, our ftate
is in great danger of utter ruin and deftrudion. And fo far me-
thinketh I fee into the matter, as I wiih myfelf already dead, becaufe
I would not live in that time. I befeech you, like as I deal plainly
with you, fo to fignify plainly unto me, not only what is done in
that matter, but what you think will be the end. Thereupon
you fhall perceive, that I will write unto her Majefty my poor ad-
vice, in fuch fort, as becometh a true and faithful fervant. And if
the matter be not already determined, and fo far paft, as advice will
not ferve, I require you, as you bear a true and faithful heart to her
Majefty and the realm, and do defire to keep them from utter defo-
lation, & in vifccribus Jeju Chr'ijii^ I conjure you to do all your

• The daughterof Sir J. Robtrfct; (he died
in a lonefome houfe in Berklhire, belonging
to a tenant of Lord R. Dudley; her death
was attended with fuch odd circum fiances, as
gave occafton to many unfavourable reppits ;

and Lord Burleigh, in a note of his printed
in the ill Vol. of the Hatfield Papers, takes
notice of it, as affording juft grounds of
ibandal.

endeavour

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endeavour to hinder that marriage. For, if it take place, there is '^d\ j^^^'
no counfel nor advice, that can help. Who would be either patron
or niariner, when there is no remedy to keep the fhip from finking?
As we begin already to be in derifion and hatred, for the bruit only,
and nothing taken here on this fide more aflurcd than our deftruc-
tion ; fo if it take place, we fliall be opprobrium hominum et abjdiio
pkbis. God and religion, which be the fundaments, {hall be out of
eflimation; the Queen our Sovereign difcredited, contemned and
negle£led ; our country ruined, undone, and made prey. Wherefore
with tears and fighs, as one being already almod confounded, I
befeech you again and again, fet to your wits, and all your help to
flay the commonwealth, which lieth now in great hazard.

Let us remember what this noble wife man faid, when he ufed
thefe words : " Ego enim exiftimo melius agi cum civibus privatim,
*' n tota refpublica fortunata fit, quam fi per fingulos cives felix
*• fit, publice vero labefadetur. Nam quum evertitur patria, is,
** cui privatim bene eft, nihil tamen minus et ipfe evertitur; cui
** autem male, is in ilia profpere agente, multo magis incolumis eft."
For your letters, they be as fafe in my hand as in your own, and
more fafe in mine than in any meflenger's. Think it afluredly*
I am as jealous of your fafety and well doing, as yourfelf ; and fo
conceive of me.

If you will be pleafed to write unto me fooner than you fhall have
occafion to fend a poft, my coufm H. Middlemore, my ftewardj
I fuppofe, convey your letters fafely unto me. I am much

can

beguiled, if he be not an honeft and faithful young man ; I pray you
deal with my letters as I do with yours ; for all is not gold that
glitters, and that you may well perceive by fome men's new haunts.
It may like you to ftiew this bearer fome favour for my fake, in his
fuit. I pray you alfo, let my Lord of Creigh find courtefy at your
hands. The man is well afFe£led to you, for the bruit that

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"i^K^'^i/ runneth of you. Thus I hunibly take my leave of you. From Paris
« — ^v— — ' the 28th of October, 1560.

Yours, &c. . .

N. Throkmorton.

n ■■'!

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Sir Nicholas Throhmorton to Secret, CeciL ^

Mr. Secretary,
"D Y letters which I wrote to you by the Lord of Creigh, of the
s8th of this prefent, I fignified, that I minded not to depart
out of this town, till Du Bois, mafter of the camp, were pafled by;
now I am advertlfed, that the 30th of this month, he went along
here, and hath brought with him out of the places and forts of
Picardy, one thoufand footmen, who marched together, by this towa
and Roan, towards Anjou, as it is told me ; but the very truth, whi-
ther they {hall go, is not known but to himfelf and to the Duke
of Guife, and to never a Captain of his company.

Their kind of marching is very ftrange. They keep together
ftrong, as if it were in the enemy's country.

I am advertlfed, that after thefe thoufand, come five hundred more;
the places from vvheuce thefe be taken, are filled up again with the
Legionaires. Anjou is not far from Nantz, where the gallies lie;
and therefore the matter is to be looked to, and the more, if there
be any ihips or bottoms in rigging there, or near unto. And there-
fore it (hall not be amifs to have an eye thither, by fuch as trade that
way from England, or by fuch other means, as you can devife,
wherein I w ill alfo travail the bed I can. Hereof I thought good to
advertife you: and alfo, that I am now upon my departure towards
Orleans, the faid Du Bois being paffed by.

I fend

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I fend you herewith the laft order that was taken for the aflembly
of the men at arms, to be at Orleans, as you fliall perceive. You
{hall alfo receive a new almanack and prognofticatiou of Noflrada-
mu8 ; but I think he never faw it.

I cannot perceive that the King of Navarre is yet come to the
Court. This Scottiih Gentleman, bearer hereof, is named Alex-
ander Forfter, laird of Torwood. I pray you let him have your
favour, by your favour and your means, for his good ufagc, and
quiet pafling into his country, whither he repaireth prefently. And
thus I take my leave of you, wifhing you in health your heart's
defire. From Paris the laft of Odtober 1560.

Your's, &c.

N. Throkmorton.

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Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to the ^een*

T may pleafe your Majefty to be advertifed, that fmce the fend-
ing of my letters unto the fame, the 28th of Odober, by my
Lord of Creigh, upon knowledge given me, that the mafter of the
camp, De Bois, was coming forward out of Picardy with 1500 men,
I ftaid fomcwhat longer at Paris than I minded to have done, to un-
derfland what way he would take ; wherein I fignified fomewhat to
Mr. Secretary by my letters of the laft of October, fent by the Laird
of Torwoodhead, of Scotland ; and as the faid De Bois being pafled
by towards Anglers and Nantz, giveth caufe of fufpiclon; and, there-
fore, confidering what advertifement your Majefty hath of preparation
there (which I know not), and his coafting that way greatly to be
doubted, and that the galleys be at Nantz, which have lately been
vidualled ; the worft is to be feared : fo I thought not convenient to
flay longer at Paris, but took my way towards Orleans, where I

arrived.

1560.

Novcm. 17.

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^B^E T^f' arrived the 4th of this prcfent ; and for my better proceeding, touch-
ing your Majefty's inftrudions given unto me, immediately upon
my coming thither, I ufed means to fpeak with
the 6th of this prefent at night, where

had proceeded with this King and Queen,
and their Council, (ince his arrival here. Of the particularities of
whofe doings, the bearer hereof, your MajeAy's fervant, whom I
have therein inftruded, Ihall be able to inform your Majefty, to
whom it may like you to give credit.

that he had not, as they had, any com-
modity, either to (hew his commiiCon, or to demand the ratification,
and that the 6th of this prefent, he was appointed to (hew his com-
mifHon, and thereupon minded to demand the faid ratification. And
forafmuch afj the chief caufe alleged by the King for the ftay of
the ratifying of the treaty between your Majefty and him, when it
was laft demanded, depended upon the priority (as this King took it)
of the Scottifh treaty, and that hitherto the faid AmbafTador was at
no point, nor could not tell whereupon to truft ; albeit your Majefty
commandeth me by your letters of the 19th of Odober, to require
audience, and to dema.id the ratification eftfoons at this King's
hands ; yet becaufe I would the more groundly proceed in my charge,
by as much knowledge as I could get of the anfwer to be given to
the Scotch AmbafTador, I ftaid my demanding of audience, till I
might be informed, how he had proceeded, touching his charge.

Having thus ftaid to fee what would fucceed the 6th of this pre-
fent, of the faid AmbafTador's doings, and perceiving the 7th of the
fame, that there was nothing done touching the ratification of his
treaty between France and Scotland, but that he had very good
words and promiles for his fatisfadlion ; I fent your Majefty's fervant
Mr. Somers, the fame night, to fpeak unto the Cardinal for audience,
who made anfwer, that the next day the King was determined to go
on hunting, fo as I could not that day fpeak with him ; but he faid,

that

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127

that if I would the next morning fend unto him, he would fend me ^ J' ' ^„^"

BET H.

more particular word of the King s pleafure ; whereupon the 8th of
this month, I fent again unto him for that purpofe, and he fent me
anfwer that I could not have audience before Monday the 1 1 th of this
prefent.

Notwithftanding the Cardinal his laft anfwer, the loth of this
prefent, about dinner time, he fent unto me a Gentleman to adver-
tife me, that the King was fet to dinner, and was pleafed in the after-
noon to give me audience ; and therefore prayed me (if I wbuld)
to come to dinner to him.

After I had ftaid a little while at my lodging, being fet at dinner
before his coming, he returned the fame Gentleman again unto me^
to tell me that the King and he had dined and tarried for me ; where-
upon I repaired to the Court, and firft fpeaking with the Cardinal,
and after with the King, I declared to either of them that part of
your Majefty*^s inflrudions given me, touching the demanding of the
ratification. I received of them both one anfwer, which was, (they
faid) that the Mafter of St. John's of Scotland was indeed come ; but
forafmuch as the King was greatly impeded through his own
affairs, and could not have time to underfland his charge, and to give
him audience, they had not as yet thoroughly confidered thefe
things which he had to do with them ; notwithftanding the King
would fpeak with the faid Mafter of ,St. John's the next day (which,
was the 1 ith of this prefent) and then give him anfwer; where-
upon, if I did fend my Secretary unto the Cardinal, I Ihould know
when I fhould eftfoons have accefs to the King, and then underfland
his further pleafure.

The Lord of St. John's having been with the King's Council the nth
of this prefent, I looked to hear from the Cardinal (as he promifcd)
touching my charge ; and flaying two days without knowledge from
him, I did, the 13th of this prefent, fend Mr. Somers to the Cardinal,
to put him in remembrance, that I might know the King's pleafure^
7 touching.

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im f

Wth"^ touching the ratification, feeing the Lord of St. John's had already
been two days before with the Council. The Cardinal made him an-
fwer, that the King had been fo bufied, as he had no time, fince my
being at the Court, to confider the matter. Mr. Somers told him, that
I faid that with thefe delays the time pafled, and that your Majefty
would both think it long, and judge a great fault in me, that there was
no better expedition therein; the Cardinal faid hereunto, that the King
had caufe to think the time as long as your Majelty did; but there
was no remedy, and therefore I mufl be contented.

After I had received this anfwer from the Cardinal, I did under-
fland, by good means, that fuch of the French King's Council, as
had the fcanning and difcuffion of the treaty of Scotland in their
hands, found divers faults and imperfedions (as they expounded it),
whereby the French King and Qneen may have good reafon to refufe
the ratification thereof, as (I am indeed advertifed) they mind to do.
Whereupon weighing that it would be a long time before the Lord of
St.John's could beanfwered, and that, in the end, the treaty fhould not
be ratified, T thought not meet to ground my proceedings further
upon the faid AmbalTador's delays, but to proceed more roundly to
the demanding of the ratification of your Majefty's Hiid treaty. And
becaufe the Cardinal had fent me two dilatory anfwers before, touch-
ing the fame, the I4.th of this prefent in the forenoon, I fent Mr.
Somers to the Cardinal to tell him, that I had received fince my being
with him, other letters from her Majefty, and therefore prayed him
to fignify unto me, when I might have audience (for I feared left
that if 1 had fpokon of the treaty, he would further have delayed
me). The Cardinal as then made him anfwer, that if he would come
again in the afternoon, he would fend me word what I fliould do,
which Mr. Somers did, and the Cardinal thereupon made anfwer,
that the next day, the 15th of this prefent, I fliould have audience,
and that he would fend a Gentleman unto me toadvcrtife me of the
time, and to condutft mc to the Court.

The

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STATE PAPERS.

The 14th day the Lord of St. John's (as I am Informed) was ear-
ned with the Cardinal, and preffcd him for fome refolution, touch-
ing his charge. The Cardinal anfwered him, that the King's
Council had confidered the aflPairs he was fent for, and found, that
the King and Queen's fubjeds of Scotland, fought to deprive the
King and Queen of the right of pre-eminence of the realm of Scot-
land, and to reduce it to the form of a republic ; which he faid the
King and Queen could in no wife endure, as they fliould right well
perceive. The Lord of St. John's ufed as good means as he could
to perfiiade the contrary to the Cardinal, who faid, Ufe no more
words to perfuade me in the matter, for we fee too thoroughly into
it, and (quoth he) what meancth this dealing, that they fend you
hither in poft, and fend a great legation to the Queen of England,
with great fliow and pomp ? I fpeok it not becaufe we take excep-
tions to you, as though you were not meet enough to take the charge
of the matter, but we do fee the little reverence they have towards
their Sovereigns, and the great eftimation they have of the Queen
of England ; and it appeareth by their doings, that they defire all
ilic world fliould fee it. But my Lord, quoth the Cardinal, you
ihall not need to trouble yourfelf any more with the matter, for you
iliall have your difpatch the 17th of this month, and the King and
Qiiccn mind to fend two Gentlemen into your country fliortly, who
ihall declare on their behalf, the rcafons why the King and Queen
refufe to ratify your treaty.

The ijih of this prefent, after the King had dined, the Cardinal
fent a Gentleman unto me, to accompany me to the Court, where
being arrived, Monf. de Lanfac, a Knight of the Order, entertained
me a while, in the chamber next to the King's chamber, until tlie
Cardinal of Lorrain came unto me, out of the King's chamber (after
I had paulcd with the faid de Lanfac), unio whom I faid, Monficiir
Cardinal, you do well remember, that upon Sunday lad at my lafl
audience, renewing on the Queen my Miftrefs's behalf to the King,

S the

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f ( , '*■

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^Ve t^h'^ tlie demand for the King and Queen's ratification of the treaty con-
cluded and accorded in Scotland, by the deputies of both their
Majefties, the King and you anfwered me, that when his Majefty
and his Council had thoroughly confidered the matters of Scotland,
which fhould be within three or four days, I fhould have my an-
fwer, and for that now five days be paft, and I hear nothing of the
King's pleafure, and alfo I being, by late letters from her Majefty,
commanded to renew again the demand for the ratification, have
defired audience, to put the King in remembrance thereof.

The Cardinal anfwered, that the King was a little impeached, and.
therefore I muft a while take patience ; but, quoth he, as unto the
ratification of the treaty, the King being a. Prince of honour^
meaneth to proceed thereafter, and will promife nothing but he will
perform, and therefore he will look well to what he promifeth.
The Princes, quoth he, be equal, and the King doth not mean fo
to derogate from himfelf, as to begin to do an adt firft, thereby to
abafe himfelf. In thefe cafes the Princes muft execute together,
and, quoth he, you muft not take it, that the King doth look for
any pre-eminence at the Queen, your Miftrefs's l.ands. The King
and his Council, quoth he, have feen all that the Mafter of St. John's
hath brought; and otherwife alfo undcrftandeth the truth of their
proceedings in Scotland, which is fo far out of order, as if your
Miftrefs were arbiter, fhe would not think meet, that the Ki«g fhould
ratify the treaty, as we ftiall give her to underftand by fuch Mir
nifters, as the King doth mean prefently to fend into Scotland,
through England.

I faid unto the Cardinal, Monfieur, doth not the King mean to
ratify the treaty ?

You fhall anon, quoth the Cardinal, know the King's pleafure

therein. I faid unto him, the Queen my Miftrefs will find it very

ftrange, if there be any more delays ufed in that behalf, and becaufe

you are, quoth I, the King's principal Counfellor, I will declare

t unto

hip

)leafiire
it very
becaufe
declare
unto

STATE PAPERS.

iinto you the occafions that the Queen my Miftrefs hath to find her-
felf grieved, and very ftrange handled of a Prince, that pretendetU
to bear her amity.

Firfl, I will pafs over all the evafions that have been hitherto ufed,
touching the ratification of the treaty, which you know have been
many, and I will remember you, that contrary to the exprefs word*
of the treaty, the King doth the Queen my Miftrefs this injury, as
to bear yet her arms quartered with his, as hath been moft mani-
feftly feen, at his entry at St. Dennis, and laftly at this town, where
they hang yet openly upon every gate, and here at the court-gate
very notorioufly.

Moreover, the Queen, my Miftrefs's fubjeds, be daily fpoiled at
the fea, either by the King's fubjeds, or by pirates of this nation ;
and no reftitution can be had by any means, fo as there is no diffe-
rence between your peace and war.

Thirdly, The Queen my Miftrefs, doth underftand, that in fundry
ports of this realm, as at Havre de Grace and in other places, there
be Ihips prepared to do either fuch like enterprifes or worfe, and it
is not alfo unknown that all along the coaft, there is preparation to
make a navy to the fea.

Her Majefty doth alfo underftand of the ahiafling of forces by
land, as well in this realm as elfewhere in Almain and Switzerland j
and now laftly, confidering, after fo many promifes, thefe new de-
lays to be ufed for the ratification of the treaty, will move the Queen
my Miftrefs, together with thefe former injuries, and caufes of fuf-
picion, occafion to hold the King's meaning greatly fufpeded.

And finally, the Queen is advcrtifed, that your galleys, whicli
lately arrived at Nantz, there to winter, be now viduallcd, and fliall
fliortly be brought into the narrow feas j and albeit, quoth I, your
force gathered by land, may feem to have forae colour rcafonahlc,
for the appeafing of the tumults in this realm j yet there is no caufe

S 2 Avhy

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1^^-

^bVt^h? " ^^^ *^* preparing of an army by fea, fliould ferve to any fuch
purpofe.

The Cardinal anfwered, as unto the ufing and bearing of the
arms of England, the King and the Queen did ufe them, as you
know of long time before, and not without reafon and title, as it
is thought. We fee no reafon why the King fliould leave his
right, until others do that which they are bound to do : for where
you allege for your purpofe the treaty, we fay it is no treaty until
it be ratified, and then there is no reafon why the King and Queen
Ihould in that behalf more fatisfy your Miflrefs than flie fliould fa-
tisfy them, nor we begin before flie begin.

I told him, your Majefty had performed all things on your part*
that was required by the treaty, and further, had fliewn great kind-
nefs and pleafures to fundry of the King's Minifters, as in lending
them money, in tranfporting their people forth of Scotland, in re-
tiring your force from thence, and difarming your navy | and in
recompence hereof, there was nothing done on their behalfs.

The Cardinal faid, I will tell you frankly ; the Scots, the King's
fubjeds, do perform no point of their duties ; the King and the
Queen hath the name of their Sovereigns ; and your Miftrefs hath
the effeft and the obedience. They would bring the realm to a
republic, and fay in their words, they be the King's fubjedls. To
tell you of the particular diforders, quoth he, were too long ; every
man doth what h€ lift : all this is too far out of order, and when
fault is found with them, they threaten the King with the aid of the
Queen your Miftrefs : let your Miftrefs either make them obedient
fubjefts, or let her rid her hands of them ; for rather than they
ftiall be at this point, the King will quit all. They have made a
league with the Queen your Miftrefs, of themfelves, without us.
What manner of dealing is this of fubjeds ? Thereupon it is they
bear themfelves fo proudly. What conveniency is there in their

3 doings ?

■ rFf-

STATE PAPERS.

'33

doings ? They have fent hither a mean man in poft to the King and ELIZA-
Qiicen, their Sovereigns, and to the Queen, your Miftrefs, a great
and folemn legation. To be plain with you, quoth he, the King
cannot like thefe doings. As I told you the King meaneth to fend
two Gentlemen ; firft, to the Queen your Miftrefs, to inform her
of the things where the King is offended, and the caufe why he
refufeth the ratification of the treaty ; and they fhall pafs into Scot-
land, to declare unto them the King and Queen's pleafure. And
where you fay your Miftrefs hath in all things performed the treaty,
we fay the Scots do by- her countenance perform no point of the
treaty; and moreover ftie hath broken the old treaty, in giving
paflport and licence to the King's fubjeds of Scotland, to come into
England ; and for that purpofe neither motion hath been made by
our Ambaflador, nor letter from the King nor Qiieen, their Sove-
reigns, granted them in that behalf.

As to the fpoiling, quoth the Cardinal, of your Miftrefs's fubjeds
at the fea i this complaint is too general ; you have made but one
complaint unto us particularly, and what fpeedy and favourable dif-
patch the plaintiff's had, I report me to yourfelf, and to them. We
could remember you of divers particular matters, whereof we have
but cold redrefs. If you inform us of the depredations, and the
oft'enders, and then can get no redre^, then you have caufe to com-
plain, and to charge us.

As to the equipage of the fiiips, quoth he, at Havre de Grace,
and in other places, true it is, the Admiral doth fet forth four or
five, fome for Brazil, and fome for Mina *. Of thefe there is no caufe
why you fhould be jealous. The Ambaflador of Spain was in hand
with us for the fame purpofe. The Admiral hath afcertained him
with his own hand, that they are for thefe voyages, and if there be
any other matter in it, it will coft him his head.. We are not fo

i!!;.^:;

U"'-'.

* On the Guinea coaft»

jealous.

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jealous of your preparations of five or fix Ihips, which be ready tO»
come forth of Thamife.

As to the aflembling of our forces by land, quoth the Cardinal*
vre have brought thorn from Picardy hither into the midft of the
realm, you had mote '^aufe to fufped (hem being at Picardy than
where they be, I am fucc you know as well as we where they be.

For Almatn and Switzerland, I aiTure you of mine honour, wc
levy not a man ; indeed, our Ck>mmiiraries be gone to warn our Co-
lonels, to be ready when we ihall have need of them.

As to the galleys, quoth he, we cannot fuflPer our men to be un-
^idlualled ; but they be in no readinefs to make a voyage ; for many
of our chief men be gone to Marfeilles, there to winter ; but what
mnd the King do remove them to fome other place, will you be jea-
lous if the King do remove his iKips or galleys, from one port to
another upon his own coaft, as his affairs requireth, or the more
commodious harbour for them? we be not fo quarrelling nor jealous
when your (hips go from one place to another.

This great legation forth of Scotland, quoth he, goeth for the
marriage of the Queen your Miftrefs with the Earl of Arran, what
ihall (he have with him ? I think, quoth he, her heart too great
to marry with fuch one as he Is, and one of the Queen's fubjefts.

But to conclude with you, quoth the Cardinal, the King will fee
the obedience of his fubjeds, and their duties better performed, before
he ratify the treaty. I will now, quoth he, go tell the King that
you have long tarried for him ; and fo he departed from me.

Shortly after, I was brought to the King, whom I put in remem-
brance what paffed betwixt us the loth of this month at my laft au-
dience ; and that I was now come to demand his ratification of the
treaty again.

The King anfwered, that the Scots, his fubjefls, had in no point
obferved their duty, nor no part of the treaty j and for that caufe,

STATE PAPERS,

»35

he could not ratify your Majefty's treaty. I told him that your e l i z a-
Majefty would find it fU'ange, that after fo many delays, the matter
was now fo anfwered ; and therefore your Majefty had given me in
charge to tell him on your part, and fo declared unto him all your
griefs, which I did aa I had done unto the Cardinal, and fet forth
unto him all the good parts ufed on your behalf towards him, the
Queen his wife, and all their Minifters and fubjeds.

His anfwer was, that he had not failed on hi» part to do the like ;
and he would fend- two of his Gentlemen to your Majefty, to inform
you of all ; and, quoth he, I am fure mine uncle the Cardinal hath
anfwered you to all thofe points that you complain of; and fohe
difmiiTed me.

The Duke of Guife did accompany me from the King, to whom
I did reiterate this ftrange manner of dealing, and recited unto him
thofe your Majefly's caufes of miiliking the King's ufage and pro-
ceedings towards you, as I had done to his brother.

The Duke anfwered me as the Cardinal did, to every point ; and
added furtlier, in anfwering the complaint of the depredations, and
flow reflitution, that they had a great deal more caufe to complain,
as well for fundry fpoliations made upon the King's fubjeds, by your
Majefly's fubjedls, as alfo for the taking of his brotha's goods, the
Marquis D'Elbeuf, as corn of tlie King and other munition, with
fundry other fpoils, whereof they had but flow amends.

I told him thofe matters .(if there were any fuch) were done be-
fore the treaty was made ; and fo the Cardinal and. Monf. de L'Au-
befpine called him from me*

I defired to fpeak with the Queen mother, and fo I was brought
to her by Monf. de Lanfac.

The faid Queen was accompanied with the Marflial Brifac. I
did repeat unto her all your Majefty's proceedings, fince the making,
of the treaty, at good length, all the office that I had ufed in the de-
manding the ratification ; and laflly the anfwer I had received of the

King

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King and his Council, together with the declaration of injuries and
caufes of offence offered fundry ways unto your Majefty. I fet forth
unto her, as I could, the good opinion your Majefly had always of
her, and of her good affedion and inclination to maintain the King
her Ton, and you in good amity and intelligence.

For anfwer, fhe thanked your Majefty for your good opinion of
her; and faid, you were therein nothing deceived; and it fhould
always appear by her doings. As unto the ratification, (he knew the
King and his Council had declared reafons unto me, for the flay of
it J which your Majefty fhould know fhortly by exprefs men from
the King her fon.

As unto the injuries and fufpicions, fhe faid, fhe was fure the
Cardinal and the Duke of Guife had opened enough unto me, to
hold myfelf contented j ending, that for her part, fhe would do the
beft fhe could, to keep both your Majefties, your realms, and fub-
jedls, in good terms and amity. * I '' ' 'i .!'.• '-'''.u,: .> r. I .

Whilft I was talking with the Queen Mother, the French Queen
came in, unto whom, after the communication ended with the
Queen Mother, I faid, Madame, it is not unknown to you, how the
ratification of the treaty lately made in Scotland, hath feemed hitherto
to have been deferred, becaufe the nobility and people of your realm
of Scotland did not fend hither to the King and you, to do their
duties, and now that the Queen my Miftrefs doth underftand, they
have in that part, and in the name of them all, fatisfied their duty,
by fending hither the Lord of St. John's to the King and you ; her
Majefty hath commanded me to demand of your Majefty the ratifi-
cation of the treaty, accorded and concluded by both your deputies
at Edinburgh.

The Queen anfwered. Such anfwer as the King my Lord and
hufband, and his Council, hath made you in that matter, miglit
fuflfice to anfwer you; but becaufe you fhall know I have reafon

STATE PAPERS.

»37

CO do as I do, I will tell you what moveth me to refufc to ratify the ^ ^ i z a-

' . . BETH.

treaty; my fubjeas of Scotland do their duty in no thing, nor have
not performed one point that belongeth to them. I am, quoth flic,
their Queens and fo they call me, but they ufe me not fo ; they
have done what pleafeth them, and though I have not many faithful
there, yet thofe few that be there on my party, were not prefent.
when thefe matters were done, nor at this affembly. I will have
them aflemble by my authority, and proceed in their doings after
the laws of the realm, which they fo much boaft of, and keep none
of them. They have fent hither a poor Gentleman to me, who I
difdain to have come in the name of them all, to the King and me,
in fuch a legation. They have, quoth flie, fent great perfonages to
your Miftrefs. I am their Sovereign, but they take me not fo :
They muft be taught tc know their duties. In this fpecch the Queen
uttered fome choler and flomach againfl them.

I faid, as to the Lord of St. John's, I know him not ; but he is
great Prior of Scotland, and you know by others, what rank that
eftate hath, equal to any Earl within your realm.

The Queen anfwered, I do not take him for great Prior, for he
is married ; I marvel how it happeneth, that they could fend other
manner of men to the Queen your miftrefs.

I faid, Madame, I have heard, that if your Majefty proceed gra-
cioufly with the Lord of St. John's, in obfervation of all that which
was by the Bifhop of Vallence and Monf. de Randan promifed in
the King and your names ; the Nobles and State of Scotland doth
mind to fend hither unto the King and you, a greater legation.

Then the King and I, quoth fhe, muft begin with them.

Madame, quoth I, I am forry that the ratification of the treaty is
refufed for that matter, together with other injuries offered to the
Queen my Miftrefs, as (contrary to the exprefs articles of the treaty)
the King and you do bear openly the arms of England, which will

T give

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E L I z A- give the Queen my Mldrefs occafion greatly to fufped your welt
meaning unto her.

Mine uncles, quoth flic, have fufficienlly anfwercd you in thii
matter : and for your part, I pray you do the office of a good Mi-
nifter betwixt U8, and fo fliall you do well ; and fo the Queen dif-
mifled me, and Monf. de Lanfac brought me to my horfe.

Thus your Majefty may perceive my negociation with this Kingi
the Queens, the Cardinal, and the Duke of Guife, touching the rati-
fication, the 15th of this prefent.

The Duke of Guife told me, that it was determined that MeflW.
dc Noailles, late Arabaffador with your Majefly, and de Croc, were
they whom the King would fend into Scotland.

As touching the occurrents of this Court, it may pleafe your Ma**
jefty to be advertifed, that the King of Navarre being on his way
to this Court, hath had letters, as I am informed, written unto him^
of great good opinion conceived of him by this King, with all other
kind of courtefics, to caufe him to repair thither. Neverthelefs,
upon his coming, being accompanied with his brethren the Cardinal
of Bourbon, and Prince of Conde, after they have done their reve-
rence to the King and Queens, the Prince of Cond^ was brought
before the Council, who committed him forthwith prifoner to the
guard of Meffrs. de Brefy and Chauveney, two Captains of the
guard, and their companies of 200 archers. He remaineth clofe in
a houfe, and no man permitted to fpeak with him ; and his procefs
is in hand. And I hear he (hall now be committed prifoner to the
caftle of Loches, the ftrongeft prifon in all this realm.

The King of Navarre goeth at liberty, but as it were a prifoner,
and is every other day on burning, and lieth out of the town at
his pleafure, and as it is judged, and as it feemeth indeed, beareth
and alloweth his brother's handling.

The faid King hath fmce his coming hither, fent one in poft to
Rome, to acknowledge his obedience to the Pope.

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»3§

He (hall, as it is faid, forego his Govcrnorfhip of Guyenne, and E ^^^' f^-
the fame fhall be beftowed upon Monf. de Termes.

Madame de Boy, the Admiral of France his fifter, mother to the
Princefs of Conde, is taken and conflituted prifoner.

It is faid, that the Vifdamc of Chartres fhall come to Orleans,
where the Knights of the Order fhall be alTembled ; and he there-
upon is like to fee the end of his procefs.

I am informed, that the Prince of Condc, his * procefs being in
the hands of the Parliament of Paris, the Prefident and Council
of the fame have anfwered, that the Prince may not be judged by
them, but by his Peers, becaufe he is of the blood Royal.

The Dutchefs of Fcrrara, mother to the Duke that now is, accord-
ing to that I wrote heretofore to your MajeAy, is arrived at this
0)urt, the 7th of this prefent, and was received by the King of
Navarre, the French King's brethren, and all the great Princes of
this Court.

Monf. de Martigues hath of late been at Paris, and there com-
mitted himfelf to juftice for manners' fake, for the late outrage com-
mitter there by him. He had his pardon in his hands ; he is now
returned to the Court, very much made of, and waited upon, with
above twenty of the braveft and beft Captains of France.

The French King mindeth to keep his eftate here at Orleans,
where all the armour is taken from the townfmen.

The Marflial Termes is at Poidtiers, with divers companies of
men at arms; where alfo the townfmen be ufed, as they be at
Orleans.

The Cardinal of Tournon being Legate for the Pope in France, is
arrived here at Orleans, and is of the King's Privy Council.

At Bourdeaux, and in all places between this town and that, all
is very quiet, notwithftanding divers bruits to the contrary, and (as

I,''

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Brf

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• About the coafpiracy of Ambolfe.

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STATE PAPERS.

one Swanne, a fubjeG of your Majefty's* informctK mc, Who clittic
dircdly thence in poft) all the Tea coads are furni(h«d with men atr
arms, and folditrs, to what end no man knoweth.

The houfe of Guife pradifeth, by all the means they can, to make
the Queen Mother Regent of France at this next aflembly; f) as
they are like to have all the authority fti.U in their hands, for (he i»
wholly theirs. - .

It is faid, that the French King mindeth, with the timet to con-
vert all his Abbeys into Commandaries of divers Orders, as there be
in Spain.

It is faid, that Ferdinand of Auftriche Icvieth men in Almain ;
but to what end I cannot learn.

Ths Rhincgrave remaineth ftill in Almain, and goeth from one
Prince to another. His being there is diverfly difcourfed upoU} con-
fidering the time of the year is unmeet for paftimc.

The Sophy is dead j his fon hath conjoined himfelf with Bajazet
the Turk's fecond fon, who having their forces together, are about
to deprive the Turk and his elded fon of the empire, which news
was fo difplealing to the Turk, as it is thought he is thereupon
dead J and it is advertifed from Venice, that he was in very great
danger of his life, and could hardly efcape.

The French King and his Court do remove hence the 19th of
this prefent towards Semmceau, the Queen Mother's houfe, and
jnindeth not, as it is faid, to return hither before his eftates be af-
fembled.

Two fons of Oconcr, who have been in France thefe eight years,
are lately difpatched hence into Ireland, as I am informed. I doubt
cot but that there is good order, that they ihall be able to do no
hurt.

It is fecretly talked here, that there is fomewhat in band) touch*
ing the ifles of Guernley, Jerfey, and Scilly.

7 There

S'T A T fi PAPERS.

^tf6 ft ma flfdveftifement come hither, from the French Agent In
Plattdters, that the Dufchefs of Parma hath put to death, for th6
caufc of religion, either two of your Majefty's fuhjedls, or elfe dc-
Hizen^being of Flandeirsi Whether it be true or not, I am not aflured ;
but thefe men ifecm to be very glad of k, as I am well informed.

There i* heife arrived an Ambaflador from the Duke of Savoy^
named Monf. de Moreto, who w I underftand, fliall Ihortly repair
ihto Enghmd, to fpeak with your Majefty from the faid Duke.

De Ugnerot is alfo upon -his difpatch, if he be not already ar*
rived in England before thi . bearer.

I am informed, that Charkbois (hall eome away from Dunbarrcr
dtnd that Croc fliall remain there in his (lead.

The King of Spain hath kept divers of his G)rte8, and is ftill in;
following the fame. He raaketh ready one hundred galleys, as I ant
informed, and a good number of (hip», and withal makedi prepa-
ration for an army. It is hid to be to renew his enterprize of Tri-
poli ; but many do doubt, that they be for fome other purpofe.

The faid King oweth twenty-one millions of Ducats, as it is
judged ; and were it not, as it is faid, for his new Minifter, he had
been brought very low for money.

The Pope hath granted to the faid King, licence to fell 50)00Q
Crowns of Spiritual Revenue, the profit whereof will rife to, at the
fea(J, two mtlKdns of crowns.

' The faid King hath fent in prefent to the French King, as I an»
informed, fix very beautiful Jennets of Spain of his own j, and hatli.
fiiffered his fervants to buy in Spain fifteen others of the moft prin-
cipal pieces that could be found*

The General Council is, by the or^r and confent of the Pope^ th«
Emperor, the Kings of France and Spain, appointed to be at Trent*
where not only the faid Princes will aflTift by their Miniftcrs, but
al^b the Kings of Portugal i Poland, aiyl Navarre, with the States-
of Italy.

Monfieup

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STATE PAPERS.

Monfieur de Ferme, a Secretary of this Court, who went with
Monfleur de Bourdezieve to Rome, is returned with the Pope's
grant for the taking of an 100,000 Crowns of the Spiritual Reve-
nues to be fold. The confideration of which grant, and the like to
the King of Spain is (as I am informed) to the end, that the money
made thereof be employed againft tlie Proteftants and heretics, as
they term them. • .•,!..,.{<•» „,„ ^

Notwithftanding the late treaty, your Majefty's arms have beeti
iet up quartered, when the French King made his entry in St.
Dennis, and were alfo in like fort fet up at the King's entry here,
upon the town and Court gates, where they do ftill remain in open
ihew to the world.

I am well informed, that the French King maketh reckoning to
have of his fufped towns and fubjefls, about three millions of franks,
and his charge in going up and down, to punifh his fubjefts, borne.

I am alfo credibly informed, that there be four (hips of war in
fetting forth at Newhaven, which are faid to be for the voyage of
Brafil, and that there be four others in Brittany, which are bruited
to be for Peru.

A great Perfonage of this Court hath faid (as I am right well in-
formed) that if the King had not thus been conflrained to feek to
chaftife his fubjeds, your Majefty's realm had ere this felt him.

I am informed, that the French King mindeth to make a citadel
at Calais, which (hail ftretch to St. Peter's church, and that the ha-
ven (hall be conveyed into the town.

I am alfo well advertifed, that there is order given to Monf. de
Trez, Matter of the Ordnance here, to convey to Calais both muni-
tion and artillery ; and that the galleys fhall be brought about, and
remain there.

I am alfo informed, that becaufe the galleys (hall be the better able
to fight with fliips, and to turn in their fight, that they have here

. devifed

SfT ATE PAPER S.

devlfed to make a part of them fhorter, and to make a new mould '^J^JrJ'rA'
of galleys. « ^— ',

I am informed, that one He£lor Wentworth-, an EngUfhman,
who hath been here in France thefe twelve years, and fpeaketh good
French, being withal a proper man with an auburn beard, hath of
late robbed (as it is reported by h?m) Capt. Boys, mafter of the
camp, who was his mafter j and that he is thereupon fled into Eng-
land. He lately before ferved Charlebois, and was in Leith when
it was befieged. I have not before heard of him i but if none of
your Majefty*s (ubjedls heard of him at Leith, his being in England
is much to be doubted ; and therefore good heed is to be taken of
him, if he may be found.

I am by very fecret and credible means informed, that the French"
King hath taken up in Auvergne and Brittany, eight hundred oxen,
which be part of them already in Normandy at feeding. This
provifion of vidual in fo great quantity in one place, giveth a
Ihrewd likelihood, that they do in all places together make greater.

The Earl Both well ihall be (as I am informed) difpatched hence
forthwith ; he hath promifed them here to do great things in Scot-
land, from whence he hath received lately great comfort by one who-
is come thence with great diligence by fea.

I am advertifed, that de Noailles, and de Groc, who, as it was
told me, Ihould be fent out ^f hand, fhall not now be difpatched
of long time, if they be fent at all ; and that this matter is to no.
purpofe, but to abufe your Majefty and. the Scots both together.

I do alfo underftand, that the French King hath fent order to Mar-
feilles for the bringing about of eight galleys more.

Since the writing of this before, I underftand that the Earl Both-
well is ftaid from going into Scotland, and hath a prefent given him
•f fix hundred Crowns, and is made Gentleman of the King's
chamber, with the fee thereto belonging,

And:

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144

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-^bVth^' And thus having none other occurrents to write prefently unto
^ » ' your Majefty, I befeech God long to preferve the fame, in health;
honour, and all profperity. . .

From Orleans, the 17th of Nov. ij:(5o;

Your Majefty's, &c*

N. Throkmorton.

t:'^'

'^,t

1560.
Nov. lyti.

m '

Sir Nicholas 'Throhmrton to Secretary Cecil,

SIR,

T WISH, that others would, as you will, weigh thefe mens

proceedings and my advertifements, to be of more importance

than news, and of more danger than not to be cared and provided

for in time. Make your reckoning, thefe men will effay their fortune,

and the King of Spain can be contented to fufFer her Majcfty to fall

into fuch terms, as you muft be driven to pray him to do with that

(late and realm, what pleafeth him : he accounteth you muft needs

come to that point, fmce you difpleafe all, and fatisfy no party. I

truft there fhall be fuch feafonable counfel given in time, as your

enemies and fufpe<Sted friends fhall be beguiled of the expectation

they have of our calamity. The Lord of St. John's of Scotland, in

his negociation, hath behaved himfelf >'ery difcreet and (as he is

taken to be) like a fincere gentlema.i. His behaviour hath been

fuch in his charge, as his country hath had good caufe to be pleafed

with him, and the Queen's Majefly no lefs, for her own particular

affair. I pray you be a mean, that her Majefty may allow well

of his doings ; and that he may £nd the fame, when he cometh

into

STATE PAPERS.

into England. I undcrfland by letter that I lately received fiom Sir
Thomas Chamberlain, of the 2d of this month, lliat he can obtain
of the King of Spain as yet little f-wour, to keep one of his fervants
from the inquifitor's apprehenfion. I fay, that amity will prove to
us worfe than enmity. Aifuredly I fear him more than the French,
and he will occafion more inconveniency amongft us. Let not her
Majefty be deceived, for furely he meaneth not well, whatfoever his
Minifter there doth make (hew of. I think, notwithftanding that
thcfe men did promife to fend their Minifters :o fatisfy her Majefty
for the ftay of the ratification forthwith, you fhall r ot hear of them
thcfe twenty days, as I have intelligence. Peradvcnture Monf. de
Sevre * fliall fay fomewhat to retain you longer in hope, that the
Spring may be advanced before you think of the matter. I am fure
this refufal of the ratification doth trouble you there at home ; but,
will you know how it cometh to pafs ? I will be (hort in it. Firft,
to fave their honour and intereft, whereupon I know they were
egged by the Spanifti pradlice and Minifters. Thefe occafions did
grow from themfelves ; but thefe were not fuflicient. From thence
ihey were to do thus by thefe reafons animated; your hafty difarming,
and fpecially of your navy; her Majefty's great inclination to live in
plcafure and quittnefs, which they fay they did many ways copy ;
that neither Counfellor nor condudor was rewarded ; that all men,
which did at this time fervice, were difpleafed ; that her Majefty
would do her own plcafure in all things, fo as there was none to
take the fpecial care of her affairs. And laftly and chiefly, that they
take it for truth and certain, that her Majefty will marry the Lord
Robert Dudley ; whereby they afl"ure themfelves, that all foreign al-
liance and aid is (haked off, and do expe£l more difcontentation
thereby amongft yourfelves. Thus you fee your fore; God grant
it do not with rankling feftcr too far and too dangeroiifly. Thus I

145

E L I '/ A-
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• French AmbafTador in Engln.nd.

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E L I z A- humbly take my leave of you. From Orleans the 17th of No-

BEX H»

vember, 1560.

Your's, &c.

N. Throkmorton.

w :: li 'i

if'^' I

1560.
Nov. i8;h.

Sf'r Nicholas Throhjiorton to Secretary Cecil,

Mr. Secretary,

TT HIS Gentleman, bearer hereof, is fent prefently from his

Matter, the Duke of Savoy, in legation to the Queen's Ma-

jefly, to congratulate with her Highnels for her happy avenement

to the Crown. He faith, the unquietnefs in his Matter's country,

and his raw coming thither, after the late accord, have been caufes,

that this office hath been done no fooner ; his name is Monf. de

Morette, nephew and heir to old Morette, that hath been Ambaffa-

. dor from late King Francis, to King Henry VIII. well known to my

Lord of Pembroke, and my Lord Marquis of Northampton, and

to my Lord Admiral, and my Lord Chamberlain, and both to Mr.

Wotton. This man was, in the late French King's days, Gentleman

of his chamber, and fince retired and fettled at home in Piedmont.

Befides this kindoefs of congratulation, he hath to break with her
Majefty, in the Duke his Matter's name, for marriage with the
Duke of Nemours, which, I perceive by communication patted be-
twixt us, he mindeth to fet forth, if the matter be not too far patted
at home, as all the bruit is here, that it is. For this Gentleman
was told by the Pope's Ambaflador here, that he ttiould come into
England in good time to her Highnefs's marriage, with the matter
of ber horfes. In cafe this Gentlemaa fhall find her Majetty at

liberty

STATE PAPERS.

liberty from any fuch thing, and that her Highnefs do (hew any ^^'r^^r^J^'

BEX H.

inchnation to hear of this his overture ; I perceive by him, as he faid,
that the King of Spain and this King too, are fo defirous to have
it take efFed, that they vv'ill both travail, what they can, to bring it
to pafs. Hereof I thought good to advertife you, as I have done
the Queen's Majefty, by my letter now unto her.

This Gentleman's good ufage, and good entertainment by all
good means, I recommend unto you ; he is a very good Courtier,
and therefore knoweth what belongeth thereunto, and fo will report
as he findeth. And fo I take my leave of you. From Orleans the
i8th of November, 1560.

Your*8, Sec.

N. Throkmorton.

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to the Hueen,

T T may pleafe your Majefty, fince my letters to the fame of the
1 7th of November, fent by your fervant, Mr. Jones, and others
from me, of the 1 8th of the fame, fent by Monf. de Morette, Am-
bnflador from the Duke of Savoy to your Majefty ; I do underftand
that the Bifhop of Limoges, Ambaflador from this King to the
King Catholic, hath of late infinuated to the faid King, that the
Nobility and States of Scotland have very evil accomplifhed the late
treaty accorded at Edinburgh, betwixt the faid King's Deputies and
the States of Scotland ; and much lefs performed their duties and
obedience, which doth belong to good fubje£ls : whereupon the faid
Ambaffador hath, on his Mafter's behalf, required the King of Spain
to give the French King, his good brother, advice and counfcl, how

U 3 he

i;6o.

Nov. zSdi.

IM'

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Hi
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1+8

E L I Z A-
BET II.

STATE PAPERS.

he fliull iati'Cat the faid Scots his fubjedls, and in what wife he may
beft by his counfel proceed with them. The King of Spain an-
fvvcrcd, doth the King my brother mean in this matter fincercly ?
and doth he demand mine advice, as one, that would be by mc ad-
vifed ? or doth he move this matter to prove what I would fay to
it ? It was anfwercd by the faid Trench Ambaflador, that the King
his Maflcr meant fiuccrely, and as one that dcfired to have his good
brother's advice and counfel in that matter. Then the King of
Spain faid, I will fend to mine Ambaflador, rcfident in France, to
know of the King my brother, how he mindeth of himfelf to
proceed with them, whether by force and reflraint, or by other
means.

Agreeable whereunto, Monf. de Chantonet, Ambaflador, refident
here, for the King Catholic, the i8th of this prefent, had audience
of the French King, and did on his Matter's behalf dcfire to know,
how and after what fort this King did mind to proceed with his
fubjcds of Scotland. It was anfwered by the French King and his
Council, that he the French King did not mind to ufe force againft
them, if he might otherwife have them well ordered, and obedient
fubjeds. • . - .

The 19th of this prefent, Monf. de Chantonet, after his audience,
did advertife me of tho premifes by his Secretary.

What this brotherly participation betwixt thefe Princes, of the
Scottifti affairs, doth mean ; and to what end this kind communi-
cation cf thefe mati^ers will tend, I know not. But becaufe your
Majefty lid, by your letters of the 19th of Odober, command mc to
advertife Sir Thomas Chamberlain, your Highnefs's Ambafliador in
Spain, what fpeed I fliould receive of thefe men, touching the
ratification of the treaty, and of fuch other things as (hould feem
to me meet for your Majefty's further fervice ; I have advertifed Sir
Thomas Chamberlain, by my letter of the soth of November, how

I hare

STATE PAPERS.

149

I have proceeded with thefc men, and how I am by them anfwered ; ^J^J^'..^'

BET H.

whereby my whole doings may appear unto him at good length, ^ k *.
with fuch other things, as I thought convenient for him to know,
meet for your Majefty's fervice ; the copy of which my letter to the
faid Sir Thomas Chamberlain, 1 have herewith fent to your Majefty,
whereby the fame may perceive at good length the particularities
of this my whole difpatch to your faid Ambaflador in Spain.

It may like your Majefty to be further advertifed, that I have in-
telligence, that the King of Spain hath in great hafte given order to
flay the five thoufand Spaniards in the Low Country ; yea, though
they be embarked, and upon the fea, to revoke them, if it be pof-
fible, who (hould have gone to Sicilia.

The Prince of Spain is dill fick of his quartan, and judged not
to be long lived. It is now faid that he (hall be fianccd to the
Dowager of Portugal, his father's fiftcr, who (fome think) (haH
come to be Regent in Flanders, after (he is fo fianced.

The pofts do come apace and often of late, betwixt the French
King and the King of Spain. Of late, (whatfoever the matter
meaned) Monf. de Chantonet would not fufFer Gamboa, your Ma-
jefty's penfioncr, to fpcak with me, who came to this town the 17th
of this month, from Spain, in port, to pafs into Flanders, for fo the
faid Gamboa fent me word.

Whereas in my letters of the 17th of this month, I did ad-
vertife your Majefty, that the Earl Bothwell did not fo foon return
to his country; fince that time the faid Earl is departed fuddenly
from this Court, to return into Scotland by Flanders, and hath made
boaft, that he will do great things, and live in Scotland, in the de^
fpite of all men.

He is a glorious, rafh, and hazardous young man; and there-
fore it were meet his adverfaries Ihould both have an eye to him,
and alfo keep him flvort.

This

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ELIZA-
BETH.

STATE PAPERS.

This King, by an indifpofition, that he hath found in himfclf,
within thefe three or four days, fince my lad letters to your Ma-
jedy of the i8th of this month, hath refolvcd, at the difpatch hereof,
not to (lir from this town, until the Aflembly of the Edates be pad.

I have herewith fent to your Majedy, a letter that Sir Thomas
Chamberlain, your Ambaflador in Spain, did lately fend to me.

The Lord Seton had his difpatch from hence the 32d of tliis
nranth, and had eight hundred franks paid him of the arrearages of
his penfion due to him, for being Gentleman of the King's Cham-
ber ; and for the fatisfa^tion of his money did)urfed by him for their
provifions at Leith, and for fuch other neceflaries as he did then
furnidi them of, he hath afllgnation upon the Queen's domain in
Scotland. This King and Queen hath alfo given him in reward, an
abbey in the north part of Scotland, which is thought, if hp may
enjoy it, will be worth to him yearly four thoufand Crowns of the
Sun. When the faid Lord Seton did take his leave of the French
King, the King thanked him for his good and faithful fervice done
unto him, and did aflure him to reward him liberally for it ; and fo
hath the faid King aifured him, that fuch in Scotland as have, from
the highed to the lowed, offended him, and the Queen his wife,
{hall know and feel what it is to be difobedient fubjeds to fuch a
great Prince.

The Lord of St. John's weighing the refufal of the ratification, the
date and maniment of the affairs of his own country, and confider-
ing thefe men's determinations, together with fuch intelligences, as
he hath of the French's intents towards them in Scotland, did lately
require me to recommend unto your Majedy the fpecial care and
order of their affairs in Scotland. For, faid he unto me, unlefs the
Queen your midrefs do order and manage our matters, confidering
the time and terms that we dand in, we be utterly undone ; and
confequently great danger and peril will after enfue to her realm.
^ For,

STATE PAPERS.

tSi

For, faid liCi unlefs her Majefty direct us, and put fubilantlal order Wt^«^'
amongft us, we (hall among ourfelves fall afunder, and fo bring
upon us great confufion; and fuch ie our cafe and danger, as it
requireth no delay.

The Lord Seton hath a letter from the French Queen to your Ma-
jelly, and hath alfo in charge to prefent unto your Highnefs the
faid Queen's picture, as I hear.

Thefe men do much depend, among others, upon the advice of
one Henry Sender in Scotland, for the Lord Seton hath letters
from hence, to the faid Sender,

It may pleafe your Majefty to be further advertifed, that the
Hate of the Prince of Conde his procefs, at the difpatch hereof, was
in thefe terms: The King had fent his Chancellor and fundry
Prefidents, together with others of his learned Council, to the faid
Prince, to examine him, three or four times. The Prince would
never anfwer them to any interrogations, but refufed them all, as
infuHicient to examine him ; faying, that the knowledge of his caufe
did not appertain to men of their quality ; for being a Prince of the
blood, he faid, his procefs was to be adjudged either by the Princes
of tiie blood, or by the twelve Peers ; and therefore willed the
Chancellor and the reft to trouble him no further.

The King of Navarre's Chancellor is taken prifoner, and is looked
for to be brought hither every day. Monf de Jarnac did take him
in the faid Chancellor's own houfe in Guyenne, whereat many do
much marvel, the faid Jarnac being always efteemed well affeded to
the King of Navarre.

The Abbot of St. Saluce returned from Bruffels by this Court to
Rome ; he had conference with the Cardinal of Lorrain of your
Majefty; and, as I underftand, made here a very lewd difcourfe of
your Majefty, of your religion, of the fruits thereof, and of your,
proceedings. He tarried here eight days, and departed hence to-
wards Rome the 20th of this prcfcnt.

I am

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STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

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m 'm

I am credibly advcrtifed, that one named Villcmort, fcrvant to
the late Dowtjger of Scotland, hath advcrtifed hither, that Infkeith
in Scotland mud he hetter manned, that it may he upon all events,
and in defpight of all men kept, and rather than fail, to put the
foldicrs of Dunbar into the faid Infkeith, if they cannot oiherwifc
furni(h it with men ; for the keeping of that ifle is of fuch mo-
ment, as having that, the French may, when it pleafeth them, take
what place they like, upon either fide of the Firth.

Whereas I have written above, that the Lord Seton fliould bring
a letter to your Majefty, from the French Queen, and therewith
her picture ; the faid Lord Seton departing hence the 22d of this
month, left his fervant behind at the Court, to bring after him his
difpatch to Paris. In the end his fervant hath been anfwered, that
the faid French Queen will neither write at this time to your Ma-
jefly, nor fend her pidlure, excufing that the fame is not yet made;
which the faid Lord Seton taketh in very evil part, and will caufe
him to be a worfe Frenchman, and a better Scottifhman.

lam well advertifed, that the 25th of this month, aflignation was
given out, for the payment of twenty-five thoufand franks, for the
ufe of the galleys at Nantz.

It is faid that the Duke of Savoy hath fortified a place in Savoy
named Salviano ; and hath with certain Proteflant Cantons in Swifle
made a league, which doth fomewhat offend thcfe men. But in the
mean time the Duke doth that which is meet for him.

The Lord of St. John's had his difpatch here the a6th of this
month; he took not his leave of the King by rcafon of his indif-
pofition, hut of the Queen and Cardinal of Lorrain, he had very
good words, and was required to ufe the part and office of a good
Miniftcr towards the ellates of Scotland, and of a good fubjeift to-
wards his Sovereigns. He hath a letter from the King and Queen
to the faid eftatcs ; the copy whereof I fend your Majefty here-
with.

STATE PAPERS.

»53

with. And fo I pray God long to prcfcrve your Majefty in health, ^g^,, j'^n^'
honour, and all felicity. From Orleans the 28th of November,

1560. : : ■'\i •_.• ■ •..,.. ' , ,-,

Your Majefty '8, &c.

N. Thaokmorton.

1 I'. 1*1 ; . /.

• .'J

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary Cecil,

is6o.
Nov. a8th,

SIR,
HP HIS bearer, Alexander Clarke, Gentleman of Scotland, of
whom you have heard often in my letters, and not fo often as
he hath deiierved, hath gotten leave to go into his country, for fuch
purpofes as he will declare unto you : fomewhat I have written to
her Majefty thereof by him ; Ijiis fervice done to the Qiieen's Ma-
jefty hath been fuch, as I am forry to mifs him for that refped. But
I am the lefs forry, for that his being in Scotland cannot but be to
very good purpofc, as the occaflons of thcfe men's practices be of-
fered prefently. I am fure you (hall be made privy of that I have
written to her Majefty, and therefore need not reiterate it again.
As for other particularities, he is fufHcient, and inftruded to fatisfy
you at large. I do moft heartily recommend him unto you ; his de-
fsrts have been great, and his intent and means to deferve more, is
worthy to be liberally confidered, and well looked on. I have alfo
befought her Majefty to confider him both for the paft, and for
his and others better encouraging to continue. It may pleafe you
to help forth the matter, fo as he may know and feel whom he hath
I'erved ; and alfo that my recommendation in his behalf doth work
for him, .is he may of good right challenge at my hands. Indeed

X this

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«54

STATE PAPERS.

^bVt^h^' *^'* journey of his at this time doth more rife of my device, than
of his particular motion; albeit, I am contented if it be othcrwifu
coloured. There fliall hardly be any thing there by the French
fadion pradlifed, but he fhall know it. His further ordering I refer
to your good judgment. If it pleafe the Queen's Majefty to fpeak
\vith him, it muft be done with great fecrecy, left the French there
know of it. He accompanieth thither the Lor.d Seton, and meaneth
to make the court to the French Ambaflador with fliew of offers and
fervice to be done to their Prince, for fo he muft go to work ; and
yet his nature is fo honeft, as he can very hardly diflemble. I have
at his requeft given him a memorial of my opinion, how to will the
Lords in his country to proceed prefently, confidering the time, the
Aate, and the terms of their affairs, which I have willed him to
fliew you, to be ordered and altered as you think good. Sir, at
the difpatch hereof 1 had not heard from the Court fince the 19th of
Odober. This Prince is fiek, and very cafual ; and thereupon de-
pendeth great matter, and here affure you the difcourfe is made there-
after. Thus I humbly take my leave of you. Fr<Mn Orleans the
28th of November, 1560,

Tour's, &c.

N. Throkmorton,

'-,ji

STATE PAPERS.

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to the £ueeft.

TT may pleafe your Majefty, tins bearer, Alexander Clarke,
Gentleman of Scotland, one of the archers of the guard of corps,
of whom your Majefty hath oftentimes, by my letters, and by others
credit, feat from hence, heard of, having gotten leave to return into
Scotland, I cannot but moft humbly recommend to your Majefty.
He hath ftood me in fuch ftead for your Majefty 's fervice (as partly
Mr. Kyllegrew doth well know), that I could not well have been
without him, nor your Majefty well fpared the fervice that he hath
here done ; the fame hath been no common fervice. His diligence and
painfulnefs, without regard of hazard to himfelf, hath well tried
his faithfulncfs to the advancement principally of your affairs, and
the liberty and' benefit of his own country. I can more and better
teftify of him, than I can write in his commendation. He goeth
now into Scotland, and partly being vehemently fufpe^ed, as a prin-
cipal doer in thefe late ftirs here (and therefore the worfe looked
on),^and fo mindeth not to hazard himfelf in that fufpicion, but by
his abfence for a time, if it may be, to bury it, and partly being by
me procured fo to do, for the better fervice of your Majefty in thofc
parts, doth at this time make this voyage. The caufe thereof is,
the French I perceive intend, and are in hand with great pradices
there, to work their purpofe, as to win fome and to few difcord be-
twixt others, fpecially to breed diflenfion betwixt the Earlof Arran and
the Lord James * and his favourers, by means whereof he fhall be able
to do much good betwixt them : he is alfo in good credit witli Lord
Seton, and fo fliall he fee always into his doings and pradiccs,
and likewife by that means into the French fadion's workings: he Ihall
be able to overfec more of their doings than another of more appcar-
the colour he hath to return with the Lord Seton, is to good

ELIZA-
BETH.

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Nov. s8th.

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ELIZA.

BETH.

STATE PAPERS.

purpofe for many refpeds, fo as thereby your Majefty may be
from time to time truly advertifed of all the fecret workings of the
French Miniilers in Scotland, in having order and means how to
fend. Such a Minifler of truft is to be made of. I humbly befeech
your Majefty to have confideration of him and of his deferts, that
he may know and feel whom he hath ferved, and alfo with the bet-
ter will to continue his good heart and devotion towards your Ma"
jefty, which your goodnefs, I truft, fhall be well employed. It may
pleafe your Majefty, I being determined to make this difpatch the
23d of this month, was occaficncd to ftay the fame until the date
hereof; fmce which time I underftand this King's ficknefs doth fo
fucceed, as men do begin to doubt of his long lafting. The confti-
tution of his body is fuch, as the phyficians do fay he cannot be
long-lived: and thereunto he hath by his too timely and inordinate
exercife now in his youth, added an evil accident ; fo as there be
that do not let to fay, though he do recover this ficknefs, he cannot
live two years ; whereupon there is plenty of difcourfes here of the
French Queen's fecond marriage ; fome talk of the Prince of Spain,
fome of the Duke of Auftrich, others of the Earl of Arran. : : , , >

Thus Almighty God long prcfci vc your Majefty in health, honour^
and all felicity. From Orleans the 28th of November, 1560.

The Duke of Florence arrived at Court the 5th of this month j
his train is faid to be eight hundred horfe. Of that his fo fudden
voyage, here be very many and fundry difcourfes, i

Your Majefty's, &c.

N. Throkmorton, ■

STATE PAPERS.

^57

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary Cecil,

SIR,
TJOW SOEVER others be inclined to give car to thefe mens
delays, and to be pleafed to be brought into feme expedation
by their new fending of new Commiflioners thither firft, and from
thence into Scotland, there to aflemble a new Parliament ; I truft
you be too wife to be with fuch toys fo carried away, or to be advifed
by thofe dealings ; but I am fure you fee fo far into the matter, as
there is no caufe why any body ought to look for a better iffuc now,
than at the laft aflembly, which was done by this King and Queen's
authority, as appeareth by exprefs words in the laft accord made
with the eftates of Scotland. And I am fure you be too well expe-
rimented to think that Noailles, late Ambaflador in England, one of
the Maflers of the Requefts, and the fame in no great grace here,
and Le Croc, a Gentleman, fervant to the King and Queen, fhould
have a greater truft and authority committed to them, to proceed
abfolutely in this matter, or that more truft, credit and expeftation
of promife-keeping, and ratification of the treaty, fliould be looked,
for at their hands, or by their means, than there was at the end-
making, by a Biftiop of this King's Privy Council (as Monf. do
Valience * was), or of Monf. de Randan, then Gentleman of the
Chamber, and Captain of fifty men and arms, and now Knight of
the Order. And befides the ftate and circumflances of the caufe
and handling of it, which I tnift you do thoroughly confider ; I
will at this time fay no more to perfuade you to do that, which is
in this cafe meet to he done; tut tell you, that ihcfc men do all with
fecrecy, fpeed, and policy, give order by hook or by crock, to
man, visual, and reinforce the places they hold in Scotland. Sir,

ELIZA-
BETH.

1560.
Nov. 29th,

• Monluc.

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ELIZA.
BETH

STATE PAPERS,

"*" p-ay you dlfpatch H. Middlcmorc, my ftcward,unto mewith the next
.otters ; for I may very evil be fo long without him. The Lord James,
the baflard of Scotland, would be in time there in his own country
fomewhat recompenfed cither of fome Abbey or of fome penfion, fome
ecclefiallical promotion, in recompencc of his penfi-^ns here rcilrain-
ed : for the which he hath of late made means here. This old fay«
ing is a true faying, Munera fevoi illaqueant duces : if the allotment
of his recompence might be fo ufed, as the Earl of Arran might be
feen to be the principal doer thereof, it would in my opinion do no
harm. Thus I humbly take my leave of you. From Orleans the
29th November, 1560.

Yours, &c.

N. ThROK MORTON,

After my fimple judgment, her Majefty and her Council muft be
as careful for the well ordering of Scotland at this prefent, as the
fame and they be for the well governing of Ireland or Wales.
And upon all events, that matters may be fo managed, as England
may make their *

• The concluding part of this fcntcnce h not dtcyphered.

STATE PAPERS.

»59

ELIZA-
BETH.

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to the ^een,

TT may like your Majefty to underftand, That fince the date
and difpatch of my letters of the 28th of November to your
Highnefs, I have been credibly afccrtaincd, that the French King
hath difpatched two from hence fuddenly for Scotland, with charge
to ufe all their bed means with the King's affiired there, and other,
that by pradice, difguifing, and whatfoever devices may beft ferve
for that purpofe, to put out of hand, and with great fecrecy, as
much viftuals, as many men, and neceflaries belonging thereunto,
into Dunbar and Inflceith in Scotland, as may be done. What tlieir
names are, I cannot yet learn ; whether they all go by fea, or pafs
through England, or embark by Flanders, I know not. But it is
told me, that two (hips are ready at Dieppe, to go thither, as mer-
chants laden wares, and go without ihew, and yet not unprovided
of as much munition as may be carried without open knowledge^
It is like enough, that thefe two may go that way. This matter
being worthy the looking unto; I refer to your Majefty 's good and
grave judgment, to be confidered, whereof I thought neceflary to
advertife the fame.

Whereas the Lord James, Baftard of Scotland, had, out of a
Biftiopric and Abbey of this country, a yearly penfion of 2,500
crowns ; he hath made fuit to this King and Queen, to have not
only the arrearages of the fame, fince it hath been ftaid, but alfo the
continuation thereof. The Queen hath made him anfwer, that like
as this his falling from his duty hath been caufe of the ftay thereof,
and dtfci veth his exemption from the fame ; fo his demerits again
towards her is the only way to purchafe her favour, and the faid
(penfion, which, if he accomplifh according to the truft flie hath of
Z him,

1560.
Nov. 29th,

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STATE PAPERS.

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^BETH^' ^*'"* ^^ ^*^' ^^^ °"^y ^^ ^^^^ °^ ^'® fati8fa€tion, but alfo of all the
good favour that may be (hewed him, befides his penfion, whether
he difpofe himfelf to be ecclefiaftical or temporal.

The name of one of them, that is now fcnt into Scotland, is
named Pellegrin. At the difpatch hereof I underftand, that there is
great lamentation at the Court, for the French King, of whofe re-
covery they begin to miftrufl. In my ftmple opinion, it fhall not
be good to make any of the Scots ptivy to the danger that this
King is in. And thus I pray God long to preferve your Majefty
in health, honour, and all felicity. From Orleans the 29th of
November, 1560,

Your Majefty *8, &c.

N. Throkmortom,

):';':

1^60,
Decern. I ft.

ll'^ i

Sir Nicholas 'Throlmorton to the ^een,

T T may like your Majefty, fince my letters of the 29th of No-
vember to your Majefty, wherein I advertifed your Highnefs, of
the French King's ftate in his ficknefs, I underftand, that he is
fomcwhat amended, but yet very weak, and fo feeble, as he was not
able to keep the feaft of the Golden Fleece, on St. Andrew's day,
whereof he is Knight ; and now the phyficians miftruft no danger
of his life for this time.

And whereas in the fame letter I wrote to your Highnefs, that
the French Queen was not then minded to fend your Majefty her
pidurc, nor letter, which flie had erft promifed, as I advertifed
your Highnefs by my letter of the 28th of the laft ; I underftand
now, that flie hath given order, that my Lord Scton fliall both

bring

STATE PAPERS.

i6i

bring a letter from her to your Majefty, and alfo her pidure. Whe- ^Jl^^,/\,^'

u lit 1 ri •

ther it come of her better mood, or by the faid Lord Seton's impor- »■■ » ^

tune fuit, to have the carrying thereof to your Highnefs, I know

not. I underftand, that the French King hath prefTed two and thirty

captains, they to be ready with their bands upon the next warning.

And thus I pray God long to preferve your Majefty in health,

honour; and all felicity. From Orleans the ift of December,

1560.

Your Majcfty's, &c.

N. Throkmorton.

Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary CeciL

S 1 R,

/^ O O D accord sad unity to be had among all the States of Scot-
land, is to be m;'^ tained and conferved. But if the Devil will
caft a bone among them, the Earl of Arran's amity, and his friends,
be moft fit for England, for many refpedls ; and he, in mine opinion,
if he be wife, or well counfellcd, muft needs be Englifli again ; for
if he fee deeply into the world, and into his own cafe, that muft be
his beft reckoning ; and therefore at all events, if the Scots do now,
upon the refufal of the treaty, rcfolve to feize into their own hands
and cuftody Iiifkeith and Dunbar, and to put out all the French-
men froni thence (as mcthink of reafon and necefllty they ought
to do), then t!ie cuftody of the fame two places would be committed
to the guard of fome wife and fit men of the country, and luch as
be wholly at the Deputy of Edinburgh's devotion ; for thereby if

Y fome

I $60,
Decern, ift.

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162

STATE PAPERS.

E„L^i 7. A- fome turn their coats, and fall to catch that catch may, the faid
Earl being ours, we fliall not make the worft end for ourfelves. For
all the country on this fide the rivers of Clyde and Firth, (hall be at
the Queen's Majefty's devotion, which if you will confider, is no
evil frontier, and thereby alfo may the better order her realm of
Ireland ; but thefe matters muft be cunningly handled. This bearer
Alexander Clarke, will difclole unto you, if the Lord Seton keep
promife with him, fome folk, that are to be looked to, who are
the intelligence givers to the French.

From Orleans the ifl of December, 1560.

Yours, &c.

N. Throkmortow.

I W' '*»

STATE PAPERS.

163

ELIZA-

BETH.

No. VIII.

Mr* Jones to Sir Nicholas TTyrokmorton^ Amhajfador in

France,

[This is ar extremely curious letter, and, together with the others,
in which the Queen's marriage with Lord Robert Dudley is men-
tioned, plainly (hews the general opinion, both at home and
abroad, of her inclination that way. Indeed Elizabeth herfelf
docs not difclaim it.]

■■• I

I ' li

S I R,

WITH all the diligence I could make, I arrived not at the From the
Court here till Monday at night, the 25th of November, the Pofleffion
at what time 1 delivered my letters to Mr. Secretary, and attending u'^d ^*ke°*^
all the next day upon him, I fpakc not with the Queen's Majefty
till WeJaefday a: night at Greenwich, whither ihe came to bed
from Eltham, when flic dined and hunted all that day with divers
of my Lords.

I had declared unto Mr. Secretary, before I fpake with her, the
day after my arrival, the difcourfe of the Lord of St. JohnV., and
your Lordfliip's opinion, touching the declaration in French, which
he w illcd ne to put in writing, as I did ; Mr. Secretary flicwcil
both the fame to the Queen's Miijclly, as her Highnefs in my talk
with her told me, and a *hird perl'un knew the lair.e, but hov/, I
know not. I will tell your Lordfliip the flory, and then you may
guefs at it. There was occafion, as your LouLip kaowoth, in the

V u' difcourfe,

\ r.!|

!i:t^

t -eV

i(J4

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

I ■"

iUfcourfc, to fpeak of the delivery of the letters to the French King
and Queen in the favour of the Earl of Arran, and of that the
French Queen faid, the Queen's Majcfty woidd marry the Mailer ot
her horfcs. Tlic 26th of Novemhcr all my Lords of the Council
dined at the Scotch AmbafTador's lodging, where they were very
highly fcaftcd. I repaired thitl.cr to fliew myfclf to my f.ords,
where, after I had attended half dinner time, my Lord Uohert rofe
up, and went to the Court, and in the way lent a gentleman back
to will me to repair thither after Ivim, as I tlid, after 1 had de-
clared the meflage to Mr. Secretary, Being come unto him, he afked
me, whether the French Queen had faid that the Queen's Majcfty
would marry her horfe-kecpcr, and told me he had feen all the dif-
courfe of your Lordlhip's proceedings, together with the intelli-
gence, and that Mr. Secretary told him, that the French Queen had
faid fo. I anfvvered, that I faid no fuch matter. He laid the matter
upon me fo ftrong, as the author thereof being avowed, I would not
deny, that the French Queen had faid, that the Queen would marry
the Mafter of her horfes. This was all he faid to me, and he willed
)ne, that I ihould in no cafe let it be known to Mr. Secretary, that he
had told mc thus much, as I have not indeed, nor mean not to doj
whereby 1 judge, that Mr. Secretary did declare it only to the
Qiiccn, at whofe hands my Lord xlobcrt had it. The fame night
I fpake to Mr. Killigrew, and having delivered your Lordfhip's letter
and told him of the intelligence; he faid in the end unto me, with,
as it were, a fad look, I think verily, that my Lord Robert fl^all
run away with the hare, and have the Queen ; to whom I anfwered
nothing. Thus much I thought good to write before I came to
fpeak of my proceeding with the Queen's Majefty.

The 27th, I fpake with her Majelly at Greenwich, at fix o'clock
at night, and declared unto her the talk of the Ambafladors of Spain
and Venice, and the Marquis *, and your advice, touching the General

* Of NertJiampton.

Council.

STATE PAPERS.

1 6s

Council *. When I had done with the firft point of my firft tale, By my
troth, faid Hie, I thought it was fuch a matter, and he need not have
fent you hither, for it had been more meet to have kept you there ftill.
I faid, that if it had been written in cypher, it muft have come to
the knowledge of fome others. Of nobody, faid Ihe, but of my Se-
cretary ; or die he might have written it in my own cypher. When
I came to touch nearer the quick, I have heard of this before, quoth
flic, and he need not to have fent you withal : I faid, that the care
you had was fo ;;reat, as you could not but advertife her Majefty of
fuch things f as might touch her, and that you took this to be no
matter to be opened, but to herfelf. When I came to the point
that touched his race if, which I fct forth in as vehement terms as
the cafe required, and that the Duke's || hatred was rather to her than
to the Queen her fiftcr ; flic laughed, and forthwith turned herfelf
to the one fide and to the other, and fct her hand upon her face.
She thereupon told me, that the matter § had been tried in the
country **, and found to be contrary to that which wjts re-
ported, faying that he was then in the Court, and none of his
at the attempt at his wife's houfe ; and that it fell out as fliould
neither touch his honelly nor her honour. Quoth flie, my Am-
baflador knoweth fomewhat of my mind in thefe matters. She
heard me very patiently, I think the rather becaufe I made, before
I Ipake unto her Majefty, a long proteftation, as methought I had
need to do, confidering that my Lord Robert knew thereof as much,
as he did. Her Majefty promifed me fulcm, tacUiiniitatcmy & fa-
vorenti the laft; whereof I found towards myfelf, but as for your
Lordfl^ip, flie not once made mention of you unto me, unlefs tha:

ELIZA-
BETH.

;hi

ii'.',

• That the Qnccn fliould fend thither.

f Of the talk in France of her marriage.

X Lord Rolicrt Dudley's.

II Of Northumberland.

§ This relateii to the report of Lord Robert's having hii wife privately murdered.

•• Probably Coroner's Inqueft.

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STATE PAPERS.

Itiilil

^ L I z A- once or twice fhe afked, whether your Lordfliip willed me to declare
^ » ' this matter unto her, as I affirmed you did. Thus much have I
thought good to write, touching the AmbaiTador of Spain's talk.
For * the Venetian Ambaflador's talk, fhe protefted, that fhe never
to any AmbafTador or other, difclofed any and nobody but

Mr. Secretary knew of thefe matters ; who was, fhe faid, wife enough.
When I rehearfed the terms of veneficii & maleficii reus ; fhe caufed
me to repeat the fame twice or thrice, which methought did move
her more than that I faid touching the AmbafTador of Spain's talk. *
For the Marquis, fhe believed the firfl part, touching his affection
towards her j and for the lafl of that he reported, touching her Ma-
jefty's difcourfe with him for the not marrying of any other fubjedts,
fhe affirmed unto me, that it was never fpoken unto him, touching
any fuch matter.

Touching the Council at Trent, and the confederation, and therein
. touching the Scots and Almains, fhe faid, that the Scots were popii-
lus fine capite^ but the others f and her Majefly heard one from an-
other, and that fhe did make afTured account of them. Neverthe-
lefs there was none named unto me ; but how fecret that matter is
made, it may appear by the Italian fool, who, upon provocation,
talked openly of the fame, and devifed upon the means of fending,
even as I had debated the fame with the Queen's Majefty. I did re-
commend unto the Queen's Majefly fuch as fpake with me before my
departure thence, and fuch others as your Lordfhip commanded me,
the fervices of whom her Majefly took in right gracious part, as her
Majefty faid, fhe would vvifh to be known. I mean Mr. Cavalcanti;
and for Mr, Clarke, I fet out as much his fervice in France, as ability
to furve in Scotland ; though I did not prefs the fame, being moved
to it by that I perceived fomewhat, the Queen's Majefty's difpofi-
tion for Scotland very cold. She faid, flie did not know him,, but

* It flioulJ fccm, that all thefe talks related to Lord Robert.

I The Germans.

that

STATE PAPERS.

167

that (he was glad to hear of his fervice. I fpake unto her Majefty, \Vi?j/'
touching Noaillesj of the ftrait league between the French King and
the King of Spain ; and of the pradlice of their divifion of the two
realms between them.

And as for Calais, I had good reafon to perfuade the Queen's
Majefty that it ftiould never be reftored ; for Mr. Bourdin hath 700
acres of ground in the country, and will build there ; and one hath
built already without the town as much as hath coft 3000 crowns ;
and they mind to perfe(3: their huge fortifications out of hand;
with divers other matters, which I learned by reafon of my long
tarrying there againft my will, by want of wind and good paflage.

The Queen's Majefty looketh not fo hearty and well as fhe did,
by a great deal ; and furely the matter of my Lord Robert doth much
perplex her, and it is never like to take place, and the talk thereof
is fomewhat flack, as generally mifliked, but of the fetters forth
thereof, who are as your Lordfhip knoweth.

My Lords, for the moft part, as Pembroke, Clinton, Bedford,
Northampton (who have told me fo much therafelves), do like well
your Lordlhip's letters and advertifements at this time, and feem to
be careful for the due confideration of them, and yet none of them
have queftioned with me, to know any further of them. I doubt,
pleafure and paftime, with their attendants, and the folly of fome
who feem to make court to them whom they miflike, will either mar
all, or hinder all.

I have declared unto Mr, Secretary, what your Lordfhip thinketh
of the Qeneral Council, who wiftied I had not told the Queen's
Majefty a matter * of fuch weight, being too much he faid for a
woman's knowledge.

I told him alfo in whofe behalf I had fpoken to the Queen's
Mnjefty, and of all other matters, faving of the two Ambaffadora
talk. He heareth what I have to fay very favourably, but afketb

• It was probably about fending to the Council of Trent from hence,.

t' -,1

it ' i

i68

STATE PAPERS.

ELI Z A- me no further touching any matter. I am forry to fee how he is

BET H»

troubled; and as if, mefeemeth, overwhelmed with bufmefs; but
all lighteth upon him without any affiftance. He looked for more,
and afked me, whether I had not brought him any other letters from
your Lordihip.

Mr. Secretary was in hand with me to know, whether I brought
not two letters to the Queen's Majefty ; for, he faid, the letter he
received from the Queen's Majefty back again, was not fo thick as
when he delivered if": I told him I knew not, for I made not up
the packet.

Mr. Treafurer * received your Lordfliip's letter very thankfully,
but when I went from him, and he had read it over, he was clean
changed, and not over-courteous. He fell fick the next day, fo as
I could not fpeak unto him, and I do well know that letter and the
matter of the other were the occafion of his evil. He is half
aihamed of his doing for the Lord Robert.

My Lord Admiral is very diligent in his charge ; two new fhips
be now making of great burden, and other veffels ihall be made to
meet with the gallies.

Religion is negleded ; all men difcontented ; no man confidered ;
Captains fell their harnefs ; and every man is for himfelf.

The Queen's Majefty ftayeth the creation. The bills were made
for the purpofe, at the day appointed. When they were prefented,
fhe with a knife cut them afunder. I can by no means learn,
and yet 1 have talked with fuch as know much, that my Lord
Robert's matters will not go, as was looked for; and yet the
favours be great which are ftiewed him at the Queen's Majefty's
hands.

The Scots Lords have been feafted fumptuoufly at my Lord of
Pembroke's, where I dined among them. They have been alfo at
my Lord of Bedford's. As far as I can leara among the Scottifh

• Sir Thomas Parry.

men,

STATE PAPERS.

169

men. if their alliance be not more eftablifhed than fome here would, Eliza-
that favour the Lord Robert, which be very and lefs hoheft, 1560. *

they fhall be conftrained, to fave their necks, and to win the French
favour again, to turn their coats, which doth not a little grieve them.
The Scotch caufe doth like well, fo far as I can learn, my Lords of
the Council, and the doings there in France bring the matter to a
neceflity. I dare not advife your Lordfhip to do any thing ; but I
judge that thofe things confirmed of every hand, may work a mi-
racle, and I can fee no other, but that we here flay much upon your
Lordfhip's judgment; and though the confideration of things be
great, yet undoubtedly there is great want j and will fay no more.

Mr. Middlemore, as Mr. Secretary fhewed me, fhall be difpatched
before me. I truft not to be long after, rather to fatisfy my duty,
than for any hope I have to be otherwife confidered. I humbly be-
feech your Lordfhip to excufe me that I have written no fooner ; for
it was fo long ere I could fpeak with the Queen's Majefly, and I
fpake with none before her, but Mr. Secretary, as I could not write
how I had proceeded, and your Lordfhip to be affured, that I have
not paffed my commiflion ia any one point of my charge. The lafl;
of November, 1560.

Your*8, &c.

R. J. Jones.

Letters

^M mil

170

ELIZA-

BETH.

1561.

STATE PAPERS.

No. IX.

oriSnliis^in Letters from Sir William Cecil, and from the Earl of
SSaSof Bedfordy to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, Amhaffador in

Hardwicke, r?

trance.

[In the letters from Cecil, the reader will have ample proofs of his
wifdom, integrity, and moderation. It is impoifible, at this diC-
tance of time, to explain the caufe of the diflatisfadion of this
great Statefman. The Queen his Miflrefs (as Sir Robert Cecil
truly fays of her, in a letter printed in Nugte antiquae) " was
** fometimes more than a man, and fometimes lefs than a woman."
But the defeds in her charadler and temper, though confiderable>
fhould not detrad from her real merit ; and fhe will defervedly
remain one of the greatefl: Sovereigns that ever filled the Engliih
throne.]

May, 1561. "From Sir WiUiam Cecily to Sir N, l%rocimorton,

SIR,

WE fhall now fliortly fee whether my Lady your wife's
journey, fhall be to fetch you home or no ; for upon an-
fwer made to Dr. Somer by the Scotts Queen, you may boldly write
to the Queen's Majefly for your return according to her Majefty's
former anfwer. But, to fay the truth, who fhall fucceed, for your
fervice of the Queen's Majefty ? Mr. Knolles hath been much fpo-
ken of; but two things may yet be required in him, although he
have good furniture of the beft, that is outward hability of wealth,

and

STATE PAPERS.

171

and acquaintance in fuch public affairs, fo mixed with divers ^^,}J'J^
practices as thefe be. Here hath been no fmall ado to refufe this i;(^>-
PopiHi MeiTenger; not that any counfellcr was outwardly unwilling,
but no man was found fo earned and bold as to adventure the ad-
vifing of fuch as were of other minds. This Bifhop of Aquila *
had won more with former preludes than was eafy to overtake ; but
in the end* thanked be God> he findeth all his conceptions and prac-
tices unjointedi and under foot. What he will do to recover them
I cannot tell. My Lord of SufTex is ready to depart into Ireland,
and fhall, I trufl, proceed with a polling againfl: Shane Oneyle.
The Earl of Kildare is now here, and hath his friends alfo here,
as you know ; and, I think, for underftanding of the truth, there
will be fome coupling betwixt them in argument, the Irifh Earl to
deprave the other's governance j and the other (if he be fo preffed)
to charge thofe laft in fervice.

I find that I am taken to be drawn againfl the Earl of Ireland ;
but, furely, I confefs to you, I will know both, before I fland to any
fide. Although I fee no caufe but to lean with our Englifh gover-
nance againfl fuch as always have fought, and of courfe will feek,
to fhake off from their necks our regiment.

The Confuls of Hamburgh have written to the Queen's Ma-
jefly touching the (lay of her armour, and affirm it to be done by
commandment of the Princes, in refpeiSl: of an information given
that it was to be fent into Mufcovia ; and therefore upon her Ma-
jcfly's affertion that it is not fo, they will deliver it. Whereupon
her Majefly hath written thanks to them, with blaming fuch flan-
ders of her, and avowed her property and meaning.

I underfland that this was a malicious pradice of this Bifhop
here, by means of Lazarus Vanfvvenden j fuch is their hollow
meaning towards us. If the marriage that way hath pafs, we mufl

The Spanifli AmbaHador in England.
Z 8

enter

17«

STATE PAP:RS.

ELIZA* enter a reclproque amytye that ways, wherein I would ye fhould

1561.

July 14th.

bethink yourfelf. To end ; the Queen's Majefty, I aflure you,
taketh your lad writing in right good part, and willed me to require
you that fome goldfmith there might be induced indirectly to come
hither with furniture of agrets, chains, bracelets, &c. to be bought
both by herfelf, and by the Ladies here, to be gay in this Court,
towards the progrefs. What is meant in it I know not ; whether
for that which many look for, or for the com'ing in of the Swede ;
but, as for me, I can fee no certain difpofition in her Majefty to any
marriage ; and any other likelihood doth not the principal here find,
which caufeth him to be perplexed.

May 1561. Your*s, ye know,

W. Cecil.

From the Same to the Same,

SIR,
A LTHOUGH this may feem an unlooked-for refolution to you , con-
fidering the courfe of your writing, to have all courtefy fhewed
to D'Oyfel, and fo confequently the Scottifli Queen better fatisfied,
yet it hath fo fallen out here, that, although in all other things
D'Oyfel hath been well and gently ufed, yet fo many reafons have
induced us to deny the principal requeft * that I think it fhall be
both of the wife allowed, and of our friends in Scotland mofl
welcome.

The very noife of D'Oyfel's coming had ftirred fome maze in
fundry heads, and the expedlation of the Queen's coming had ere«Sled

• The principal requeft was, that the Queen of Scoti might crofs the feas into Scotland,
upon Elizabeth's fafe-condu£l.

STATE PAPERS.

J73

up Huntly, Bothwell, Hume, and others, that it could not be ^Vt'h^'
agreeable for us to feed them in their humours; and by this our 1561.
denial, our friends in Scotland fhall find us to be of their difpofition,
and fo (lop them in their humours.

I think plainly the longer the Scottifh Queen's affairs fhall hang
in an uncertainty, the longer will it be ere fhe fhall have fuch a
match in marriage as fhall offend us. Your advertifement of the
offer of the Portugal, feemeth fo acceptable, as the Lord Admiral will
fend a veffel of his own, of almofl one hundred tons, and the Mayor
and Mr. Garrett will venture one thoufand pounds, &c. *

Sir, where you would have me advertife you my own mind,
whether you fhould write to the Queen's Majefly of fuch things as
you hear worth to be known to her Majefly; only two things
move me to incline to a flep. The one is my friendly care of you
particularly ; the fecond is, the regard that I have to preferve the
eflimation of proteflants in the Queen's Majefly's judgment, which
is already not increafed; and if your fharp reports fhould come from
fuch, I fear the mifliking would be turned to them. And yet, com-
paring both thefe with the good that I know the reporters meant her
Majefly, I dare not conclude either to forbid you, or to promife you
as much as toucheth yourfelf. You can confider, ja^ia curam fuper
Dominumt et ipfe te enutriet. It ferveth me fometimes to adven-
ture, but yet I will never have my friend adventure fo far as myfelf.

Sir, I mofl heartily thank you for my fon, in whom as ye fhall
fee faults rife up, fo, I pray you, root them up by fharp advertife-
ment ; for I fee that long fufferance of any thing, maketh the re-
moving of it harder; and fpecially one fault engendreth another in
our corrupt natures.

I cannot certainly write unto you of the King of Sweden's coming.
His C hancellor being not of acquaintance with Englifh conditions,
doth his purpofe more hurt than he thinketh.

• This relates to a projeft of a voyage to the coaft of Guinea.

The

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»74

ELIZA-
BETH.

lii

STATE PAPERS.

The Queen's Majefly hath plainly written to this King, that, con-
fidering flie is not as yet difpofed to marriage* (he doubteth that in
coming, and not obtaining his fuit, he fhoiild change his love into
ofFence ; and therefore I think, upon the receipt of thofe lines, he
will flop. I am mod forry of all that her Majefty is not difpofed
ferioufly to marriage ; for I fee likelihood of great evil both to this
State and to the moft of the good particular perfons, if (he fhall
not (hortly marry. There hath been a matter fecretly thought of
which I dare communicate to you, although I mean never to be an
author thereof; and that is, if an accord might be made betwixt
our Miflrefs and the Scottilh Queen, that this fhould, by Parliament
in Scotland, &c furrender unto the Queen's Majefly all matter of
claim, and to the heirs of her body ; and, in confideration thereof*
the Scottifh Queen^s interefl fhould be acknowledged in default of
heirs of the body of the Queen's Majefly. Well, God fend our
Miflrefs a hufband, and by time a fon, that we may hope our pof-
terity fhall have a mafculine fuccefTion. This matter is too big for
weak folks, and too deep for fimple. The Queen's Majefly knoweth
of it, and fo I will end. I have advertifed the Lords of Scotland
of the Queen's Majefty 's anfwer to D'Oyfel. De Sevre faid yefter-
day privately, that he looked for fuch an anfwer as this was.
Yefternight, I thank the Queen's Majefly, ihe took a fupper at my
rude new cottage, wherein I thought my cofls well beflowed for
her gracious acceptance of all my offers. Sir Thomas Challoner is
putting himfelf in order to go into Spain to take Mr. Chamber-
lain's place, and now it refteth to compafs your coming home. I
am had here in continual jealoufy, and you in like miftrufl. Com-
mend me to my good Lady Throckmorton. The Queen's Majefly
thinketh long for the Paris goldi'mith : he fhall be free of cuflom
for all that he fhall not fell. God be with you. From London the
1 4th of July 1 56 1. Your's affuredly,

a ,. .,. , W. Cecil.

STATE PAPERS.

^7S

Earl of Bedford to 'Throckmorton,

F T E R my very hearty commendations to your Lordfhip ; by
your laft letter that I received from yoU; for the which ana :jll
others I give moft hearty thanks, I underftood moft chiefly of your
good health, and for occurrence little or none, being referred to Mr.
Secretary's advices and difcourfes to him written ; of whom, be-
caufe I afked not, neither did he tell me any thing thereof, your
letter feemed to be as good as if it had come from Brigftock
park. Mr. Killigrewe your great friend, one of no fmall eftimation
and credit with Lord Robert, can and doth, I doubt not, as well as
other your agents and friends here, write unto you how things
pafs J to whom 1 rauft defire you to be referred, for as much as I
have taken my leave of the Queen's Majefty, and bidden the Gsurt
farewell, and am now, to-morrow, going to Woborn in Bedford-
{hire, and fo further into Northamptonfhire to hunt this fummer ;
from whence you know nothing can be written but that which
might make you wifh yourfelf there alfo ; and fo would I you were>
at (uch idle times as you could pick out, to difport yourfelf after
your great bufmefs.

From London this 8th of July 1561.

■ ' : • "- Your Lordfliip's right afTuredy

■ ■'■'/:; . ■■-) ..;<r /^ ;•: :"•■ .-. ..- -.. . F. Bedford^

ELIZA-
BETH.
» . '

1561.
July 8th.

. 1 ^ ■'■

r_. . I ■ ■ i

i'hS''

176

ELIZA-
BET H.

Aug. 26th.

STATE PAPERS.

/•U»M

From Cecil to Urochmorton,

10 f*f -ft^iN \y '

SI R,

^yOUR fcrvant Davis hath lingered now longer than I thought
he fliould in the beginning, upon this Court, to come with
fome intelligence of the Scots Queen's return home. The 1 9th of
this prefent, in the morning early, fhe arrived at Leith with her two
gallies, her whole train not exceeding fixty perfons of meaner fort.
The Lords of Scotland were not nigh, being warned only againft the
laft of this month; only there was at Holyrood-houfe the Lord
Robert, to whofe houfe fhe went and there remained, and gave
orders with fpeed to aflemble her Lords. This was the whole I could
learn, being fo written in hafte at the fame inftant. The Queen's
Majefty's (hips that were upon the feas to cleanfe them from piratesi
faw her, and faluted her galleys ; and ftaying her fliips, examined
them of pirates, and difmiffed them gently. One Scottifh (hip they
detain, as vehemently fufpeiled of piracy. ;

' Since the laft conflidt in Ireland, whereof I wrote of late to you,
Shaile O'Neyle hath made new requeft to come hither, but he addeth
fome conditions to it not palatable ; as, to have a new garrifon planted
at Armagh this laft July, to be removed. Sir William Fitzwilliams
hath been here to declare the fame, and to require the Queens's
Majefty's pleafure. Indeed I fee fuch various events of thofe wars,
that, fo furety be feen to that he come, I regard lefs of opinion of
eftimation. If he come, the matters may furely and honourably
fall out ; if he come not, howfoever account is made of honour,
I doubt of furety. Upon him dependeth the whole weal or lofs of
Ireland i if ye yield, all is the Queen's Majefty's at prefent ; if con-
trary, the reft will be in danger. He hath unluckily, in June laft,

taken

STATE PAPERS.

»77

taken Callogh O'Doncll and liis wife the Countcfs of Kildarc. and E L i z A-

B R T H.

keeping him in chains, committcth the country to Collogh's brother
Hugh O'Donell, fiAer's fon to Shane, and To hath at his will all
Tyrconnel, a matter of no final! confcquence if Jamccs M'OncU
fliould be won to him.

Though Lady Catherine * is in the Tower, and near the time of de-
livery of child ; though herfelf remain prifoncr, nobody can appear
privy to the marriage t> nor to the love, but maids, or women go-
ing for maidens. The Queen's Majefty thinkcth, and fo do others
with her, that fomc greater drift was in thid; but for my part I
can find none fuch.

From Stortford the q6th of Auguft 156/.

Your's always alFured,

W. Cecil.

i;6i.

' t

From the Same to the Same,

SIR,
ClNCE this bearer Killigrew came over, I thought beft to ftay
him all this time, thinking that fome matter (hould have
happened worth his tarrying and return ; but feeing no fuch
chancctli, knowing his defire to return, I have thought to difpatch
him with thefe my own letters. I do my uttermoft to procure Mr.
Dannctt to come thyiher, but he fo grunteth thereat, partly for fick-
nefs hanging upon him though not pofleffing him, partly for po-
verty inclofing him round about, that, if it were not for your
/atisfadtion, furely I would not thus deal to offend him as I do. I
perceive her Majefty will not be induced to relieve his laft difeafe,

• I.ady Catherine Grey, whofe mother (Duchefs of Suffolk) was niece to Henry VIII.
t With the Earl of Hertford.

A a otherwifc

1561.

Decern, zxd.

178

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.
i$6i.

otherwife than his ordinary wages. I might lament my place that I
hold, being, to outward appearance, becaufe of frequentation with
her Majefty, of much credit ; and indeed, of none at all. But my
remedy is only to leave the place; wherein my only grief is, to fee
likelihood of fuch fucceflbrs, as I am fure (hall or will deftroy all my
good purpofes. I may not write, but yet I rtiay lament. What is
my credit to help any body, may appear in myfelf, that have been
forced to fell off the land which I had when I came to this place with
the Queen ; one hundred and fifty pounds of good known lands * ;
and, at ihh inftant, I am with burden of debt compelled to afk
leave of her Majefty to fell aw^ay my office in the Common Pleas,
that hath been the only ftay of my living thefe fifteen years, and
her Majefty doth licence me fo to do. But fo that I might be able
to procure furniture for others to ferve her Majefty, I cared not for
myfelf; and in this term doth ftand the fending away of Mr.
Dannett.

I have carried in my head, with care, means how her Majefty
fliould from time to time condudl her affairs. I fee fo little proof
of my travels, by reafon her Majefty alloweth not of them, that I
have left all to the wide world. I do only keep on accounts for a
Ihow, but inwardly I meddle not; leaving things to work in a courfe,
as the clock is left when the barrel is wound up. It is time to end
thefe complaints to you who cannot remedy them; but yet becaufe
you write to me divers times of matters worthy your confideration,
thinking that you have beftowed thcni well on me, in hopes that I
will fafliion them and put them forth, when you fee I have no
comfort fo to do, I ^thought not inconvenient to note thus much
to you of my imperfcdion. ''■

Here be no fmall pradices in forging, fome think, of the fucccf-
fion, if her Majefty fliould not marry or leave Iffuc. This fong hath

* However the cafe might b? then, it is notorious that Cecil raifetl a very confidcrablc
forluiie out of hii long courfe of fcrvice.

many

_^;-

STATE PAPERS.

170

many parts ; but, for my part, I have no fkill but in plain fong. ELI Z A-
Others be devifing how to hinder religion, the rather for that hqr 1561.
Viajefty fcemcth eafy therein ; and if I do any good, I am fure therein
1 do no hurt ; and in refped thereof, principally, do I the reft of all
my fervice.

I find a great defire in both thefe Queens to have an interview;
and knowing the diverfity of both their intentS) although I wifh it,
y€t I know it dangerous to be any fingular doer therein.

Shane O'Neyle cometh over with my Lord of Kildare under a
protedtion, though thereof is not meet to ufe fpeech. He will com-
plain of my Lord of Suffex ; but my Lord of Suffex hath, for the
Queen, more eaufe to complain of them, as he fayeth. Howfoever
it is, authority muft be favoured. My Lord of Suffex hath licence
to come hither ; who (hall fucceed him I know not, if it be not Sir
H. Sidney. I think my Lord Ambrofe * at length (hall be, on
Chriltmas day. Earl of Warwick, a matter often promifed, and often
broke off. From Weftminfter, December 22d, 1561.

Your affured Friend,

, W. Cecil.

* Dudley, brother to Lord Robert.

;ry confidciablc

A a 2

A Note

i8o

ELIZA.

BETH.

1561.

> u f

6TATE PAPERS.

No. X.

SSdvo™'" "^ -^^^^ ?/* Confultatkn had at Greenwich^ prima May
Sy'atEdi'n- ^S^i, fy the ^ecHs Majcjly s commandment y upon a
'"^' requejl made to her Majejly by the King of Spain s Am^

bajfador, that the Abbot of Martifjengo being Nuntio
from the Pope, and arriving at Bruxelis^ might come
into the realm with letters from the Pope and other
Princes to the ^een,»

PRESENT.

1561.

May I ft.

The Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England,

"William, Marquis of Northampton,

Henry, Earl of Arundell,

Edward, Earl of Derby,

William, Earl of Pembroke,

Edward Fines, le Admiral,

William Howard, Lord Chamberlain to the Queen,

Sir Edward Rogers, Comptroller,

Sir Francis Knolles, Vice Chamberlain,

Sir William Cecil, Secretary,

Sir Ambrofe Cave,

Sir Wtlliam Petre,

Sir John Mafon,

Sir Richard Sackvyll,

Mr. Wotton, Dean of Canterbury.

STATE PAPERS,

i8i

T was devifed and accorded by all and every one of the faid Eliza-

BET H.

Counfellors, without any manner of contradiction made by
any, that the Nuncio fliould not come into any her Majefty's do-
minions J and fo by fpecial fpeech of every Counfellor exprefled ;
raifing therefore divers fundry and good reafons ; whereof thefe
that fojlow were the chief, although in utterance much more earneft-
nefs, and length of fpeech was ufed by divers of the faid Council,
for more confirmation of their arguments, than is here ufed.

Firft, It is both agalnft the ancient laws and late laws of this realm,
that he fhould enter into the fame, or into any the Queen's Majefty's
dominions ; for, by the ancient laws, yea when the Pope had moft
credit in this realm, no Legate or Nuncio might come into the fame;
for both he (hould have licence before, and alfo make a folemn oath
on the other fide the feas, that he (hould bring nothing with him,
nor attempt any thing in this realm, to the derogation of the King
of this realm, and liberties thereof; and of this there be many
examples of ancient tiine remaining of record, as well of the deny-
ing and refufing of the Pope's Nuncio, to come into this realm ; as
alfo it is manifeft by ad of Parliament. It is ena<3:ed, that no
foreign Prelate fliall ufc any power fpiritual or ecclcfiaftical within
this realm, and if any fliall, by word or deed, fet forth or maintain
the power or jurifdidion fpiritual of any foreign Prelate or perfon
hereafter claimed and ufed within this realm, or fliall put in ufe any
tiling for fetting forth the faid pretended power j that then every
fuch perfon fliall be puniflied for the fame, as further appeareth by
the ftatute; and therefore it is not only againfl: the laws of this realm
that any fuch Nuncio fliould come hither, but alfo that any perfon
fhould, by word or deed, allow his coming.

Secondly, although it were lawful, and without danger for pain
cf forfeiting, as it is not, yet having regard to the Qiiecn's Ma-
jefty's Crown and royal eftate as Queen of England, by the Laws
and ads of Parliament of this realm and in the time of Henry Vlll.'

her

1561.

I $2

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- her Maiefty's nobje father, to v\luch all tlve fubictfjs of this realm have
BETH. .-» / -^ J

■ 1 561. been fwprn, it is n^anifeft, that ajlowing tl^p authprity 9f tlie Pope,
according to fuch j.urirdi.<^|pji as he glaimeth, there will follow one
great peril to tl^e furety and trpth of the Queen's- undoubted title to
the Crown of Engla^id : the which at prefent ftandeth, both by the
laws of God and this realm, fo fure and firm, that no true fubje<3:
can^ without eviflent fufpicion of evil and traiierous meaning, allow
the Pope's jurifdidlion in this realna to any purpofe ; efpecially being
contrary to the truth of the Queen's Majefty's intereft and right ;
as, amongft other things, evidently appeareth by the travel that her
lyiajefty'a adverfaries haye made to difprove her title by colour of
the Pope's laws, being contrary to the law:s of God ; a matter of
greater confequence, than can be exprcfled in few words.

Thirdly, the great perils, and inconveniences which are likely to
follow, are fuch, that no man which Ipveth quietnefs, can confent to
his coming in.

For whereas in winter-time the only found of coming of a Nuncio
hath wrought, in fundry evil-difpofed perfons, fuch a boldnefs and
courage, as they have not let both to break the laws with great au-
dacity, and difperfe abroad falfe and fcandalous reports of the
Queen's difpofition to change her religion and government of this
realm; a thing very falfe ; but alfo in fome places have conjured
with the devil, and caft figures to 'mow the continuance of
her Majefty's life and reign, which God long continue; how
may it be thought, without great and evident danger, to have the
faid Nuncio come hither after thefe preparations, and againft Sum-
mer, in which time the Devil hath moft opportunities to make
trouble and tumults ? And as the evil fort, which defire alteration
and change, might receive comfort hereby, and be encouraged by
the fequel to attempt great enterprizes, with a face of fome other
purpofes, as always rebellions have cloaks ; fo, on the contrary part,
the true quiet and faithful fubjeds might have caufe to forbear to

ihew

STATE PAPERS.

fliew openly their afFedion and duty to the fervice of the Queen and
reahn. And in this matter it is to be confidered, that as in a man's
body after long ficknefs, being nearly well recovered, and the good
humours quieted, and the evil overcome ; if the good humours be
troubled, and the evil fed and cherifhed, and fo error committed,
the peril would be greater to the body than the firft ficknefs was :
even fo the commonweal being fo late, fo well recovered, fettled
and quieted, and the evil members thereof, if any were, either re-
formed and put to filence by law and order, and the good quieted
by law and order, if this coming of the Nuncio, being already
looked for, (hould be permitted ; thereof fhoUld come fuch a dif-
quietnefs and change to the body of the common weal, as thereof
the peril would be greater than it was at the firft, or than prefently
can be underftood. For nothing doth more damage to a common-
wealth than changes againft law or opinions, or hopes of changes,
whereby do daily grow great dangers, both to the eftate of the
Prince, and alfo of the good fubjedts, and in the end ruin to the
whole common weal ; whereof examples paft, too many and too la-
mentable to be remembered. ' "■.

Now to anfwer them that would have the Pope's Nuncio to come
in. It may be faid, that the Nuncio will fwear, that he will do no-
thing prejudicial to the Crown and eftate of this realm ; and yet
it may be doubted whether he will fwear: but howfoever he
may be induced to fwear for his advantage, he cannot obferve his
oath, except he would come into the realm, and neither fpeak nor
deliver any letters from the Pope : or elfe he may prcfume, that it
is not perjury to break prcmifcs with fuch as he is taught to repute
as l.eretics. If he fliould fwear, and afterwards break his oath, what
peril might enfue, is eafily to be feen, to them which fliouId aflent
to hrs coming in.

And although the Qiiecn's Majcfly might difpenfe with the pains,
yet no man of honefty would be willingly content to be veputcd in
the common weal a breaker of a weighty law, that was made fo

9 lately

183

ELIZA-
BETH.
1561.

!'•:

yp<

Isll

^ r

i'^

L i i'

iP'

^3i'l:

■Hi

J 84

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- lately by a unlvcifal confent of the whole realm in Parliament, In
1561. ihe which law alfo all the whole realm hath intereft at this day, and
namely every fuch inheritor and poneflbr as hath any thing by the
Jaw of this realm, but contrary to the laws and conftitution of
Rome. What man in the late time of Queen Mary faw not, what
4^eril was toward the fubverfion of the policy of this realm? So that
we might be noted of great folly, if at any time hereafter we
fliould adventure the like danger. But to anfwer the truth of the
matter, what an abufe is this to bear us in hand, that no harm is
meant by the Pope, when he had already done as much as in him
lieth to hurt us ? The Pope, even at this inftant, hath his legate in
Ireland, who is already joined with certain traitors there, and occu-
pied in ftirring a rebellion; having by open a£ts deprived the Queen of
her title there, as much as in him lieth, although that the power that
her Majefly hath there, as well of public Miniflers as of a number of
good fubjcds, do little efteem fuch attempts, as things whereof
ihortly revenge fhall be made. And why fhould we not believe that
this man would do the like, as much as in him lieth, in this realm P
It cannot be denied, but the laft year, when the Abbot St. Salute
was fent from the faid Pope, of the fame errand and tour, to Bruf-
fels, where the Nuncio now is, about this time alfo of the year,
it was purpofed he fliould have done his beft to have raifed a rebel-
lion here in this realm, under colour of religion ; and why hath not
this Abbot the like fweet errand ? There is no reafon to be fliewn ;
but contrarywife more reafon is now to prove it likely in this man,
than was then for the other ; efpecially fuch preparations being ufed
before-hand, this prefent year, to prepare the hearts of difcontented
fubjeds, as have by divers means been ufed otherwife than the
laft year, and it is notorioufly known and difcovercd. It hath alfo
,been faid, if he come, he fhall not lodge with any Ambaflador, but
be lodged apart by himfelf ; forfooih it is a fimple offer, and fo to be
weighed, and not worthy the anfwering.

But

STATE PAPER!

lEhit that ^hich for the coming of this Abbot maketh more,
Is this, and very meet to be truly aQfwered; that this Nuncio
conitth* as is pretended, only to move the Qtieen to fend to a Ge-
neral Council as other Chriftian Princes (as it is fayd) have been
moved. To this may veell and truly be anfwered, that indeed nothing
can better pleafe her Majefty, than to hear of a General Council: and
among all Ivorldly things that might happen unto, her, no one thing
could be thought more happy* than that (he might live to hear of
fucb a General Council, as might tend to make a unity in Chrif-
tendom in the matters of religion j to the furtherance whereof hei:
Majefty will fpare neither travel, treafure, nor any thing nooft dear
to her. And therefore her Majefty, when (he {hall underftand 4
Council to be called in fuch a fott, and meeting at fuch a place,
and at fuch time, abd with fuch conditions of freedom^ for all
Chriftian Princes and eflates to come thither, as may apparently tend
to make concord and unity, and not to maintain fadion ; will
of her own mere motion, and devotion toward the unity of Chrif-
tendom { as being ohe of the principal Monarchs thereof, and not
fubjed to any Potentate fpititual under God ; fend thither fuch meet
perfons, as ihe doubts not (hall declare the fincerity of her mind, and
the earneftnefs of her aflFedlioti to have one unity of all matters ia
Chrift's religion.

But for that as yet her Majefty cannot underftand that the Coun-
cil now mentioned i^ fo called, nor her Majefty fo orderly admo-
nifhed thereof, as might feem, by the fame mind of concord, in
truth of Chriftian religion, but rather to the contrary ; her Majefty
cannot make prefently a refolute anfwer to fend thither. For if it be
called by the Pope's authority only, and begun as a continuation of
the laft fummoned Council at Trent, as by the printed examples
of certain libels, publiftied this laft month of November and Decem-
ber, appeareth, and that it be not a Council for any perfon to have
any right decifion, but fuch as be already fworn to the maintain*

6 b ance

•8j

fe L I Z A*

BETH.

1561k

! "-I

'. ^

i::l

■^3

|86

STATE PAPERS.

^bVti/' atice of the Popfe's authority, then fhall her Majefty be very forry,
■S^"' _ finding therein no 'direftion, meaning to concord by confultationj
but either to maintain afFeiSlion by cover and name of a General
Council, as foritier examples have declared. And in this part her
Majefty will conceive fome doubt and lack of fuch good meaning
towards her as is pretended : for if other Chrillian Princes, as the
Emperor, the French King, and King of Spain, have been long paft
fent unto, and their opinions firft required for the place and time of
this Council, and their confents defired before it was appointed ; ia
the day alfo now paft, then, at the laft, to prefent to the Qijeen,
being a Prince of Chriftendom, and having intereft in the well
lhereof,f fuch a meflenger as this, to admoniftx or to exhort to fend
to that Council, without requiring her opinion therein as well as of
other Princes ; her Majefty and her whole realm may juftly think,
'that tliere hath been no fuch honourable nor juft confideration
hskd pf her eftate, and of her realm, as was meet, nor that (he
may hope of any other thing but a determination, as much as in
the Pope (hall lye, to prejudice her Majefty and her realm, and all
other eftates of her pofleflions, and to efiablifh and confirm the au-
thority of the Pope with' all his abufe and errors, h ■nil •; j ^ciuilry
: I wu))X;/i ilr. '■■■ 'jli'iJ Jfw z"n .'. o: jfoU:>')"tifi v.^-. -^ "' mflMis-) ;.];

'■^■' \, ''=1 i'iU.il.j
■'.:■.} : ■' ; '' : i.>,J'i:.'»i.i ofKu;- •:}':yj'--': •;:«,; ;::, -r. :,,,L; ^.;i i..^

;a ,!>^ ..■:■ ^ "^0 hr:rr\ '^1111.1 :i;!f vv; ,ri^rh Uii:U.i u- '' ■\':<:}rli ■■,v,tii

%:i ..

. .'.I

.^..i,Ul U»i-» ■J! ". V.Vl..'.' ^'..j. ilJl i. V <. .■; , ,=1 f. ....;, 't ■ .f

:» •• ;i< !i!i^-

•-.it.'y/d br.h mlcr.T.-S'A vv if'co/r su\ &'.'.' hyMilov .; M- -^f nu^irj h.

ii.'i •. '-./n :■.!. --J ir.o

. J« ,! . ^ ^

J' V"-

(i '4

STATE PAPERS.

187

^' Ko. XI.' ."'''' vn!>:'t. I>;i);;;;!.-

.1..: !)-;;,'.: ih.r. n '■ '

.,?

••.,'1 •

,-l .->

Henry y Earl of Huntingdon^ to the Earl of Leicefler,

f--' f:'''U\^ fv.

"•) pi

E L I Z A-
B E T H.

From the
Original, in
the Britifli
Mufeam.

My Honourable good Lord,

I AM forry that my prefent difeafe is fuch, as there are left me ^s^y April,
but thefe two remedies, either to fwallow up thofe bitter pills
lately received, or to make you a partner of my griefs, thereby fome-
thing to eafe a wounded heart. At ^y wife's laft^eing at Court,
to do her duty as became her, it pleafed her Majefly to give hi^i' a
privy nippe, efpccially concerning myfelf, ^herety I perceive flic
hath fome * jealous conceit of me, and, as I can imagine^ of late
digefled. How far I have been always. frcun conceiting any great-
nefs of myfelf, nay how ready I have been always to fhun applaufes,
both by my continual low fail, and my carriage, I do affure myfelf,
is beft known to your Lordfliip, and the reft of my neareft friends ;
if not, mine own confcience fliall beft clear me froQiv^i^y fuch folly.
Alas, what could I hope to effed):, in the greateft hopes I might
imagine to have in the obtaining the leaft likelihood of that height ?
Will a whole commonwealth deprive themfelves of fo many blef-
fings prefently enjoyed, for a future hope uncertain, in favour of one
inferior to many others, both in degree, and any princely quality ?
Will they forfake a Prince, both for excellent qualities, and rare virtues
of nature, and of great hopes of an ineftimable blefllng by her princely
iffue, in reafon of her youth, for a poor fubjedl in years, and with-
out any great hope of iffue ? No, no, I cannot be perfuaded they
would, if I (hould be fo fooliflily wicked to defire it, or fhat my

* The Aippofed title of Lord Huntingdon jealoufy about her fuccefllon is well known;

to the Crown came, through a female, from and a ftrong inftance of it has been already

George, Duke of Clarence, youngeft brother given in the imprifonmcnt of Lady Catherine

to Edward IV. Queen Elizabeth's extreme Grey.

B b 2 mind

,^ii

;. 'Hi

i88

STATE PAPERS.

If
iiiiHit]

^bVth^" °^*"*^ ^*'* ^"^ ambitioufly inclined. I hope her Majefly will be

i$63« perfuaded of better things in nre* ajid caft this conceit behind her.

And, that a foolrfh book, fooliflily Written *, (hall not be able to

V poJOfefs her pr'mcdy inclination, with fo bad a conceit of her faithful

' , , ,, ,„ fervant, who defires not to live, but to fee her happy. What

• '- '• grief it hath congeal«!d within my peor heart (but ever true) let your

Lordflitp judge,, whofe Prince's favour was always more dear unto

me, than all other wildly felicities whatfoever. This I am bold

to make known to your Lordfhip, humbly dedring the fame, when

you fee your opportunity* to frame a new heart in her Majefly 's

princely breaft, whofe power I know is not little in effecting of far

greater matters than this ; for never (hall there be a truer heart in

any fubjed, than I will carry to her Majefly, fo long ^ I bceathe.

Andfo I reft

C-" '"■'■''' Your poor Servant and Brother,

' ' ' 7

April

H* HuNTINODpN.

^5^3*

'fin b.-:-: fftc'i ?,'<.;

* ^

* Joka Hakt**, ia wlii^ feme codUeitUe pctfem weie cenotme^. '

;■;•(•

■..'! ; ..(;'^-. a :(/Hib>','.' ilcjl ^.A^ -^iAA'v.A ;o u/fj in viii or orir^'^'Ti:-

'■■^ :; t:n l^r : ,-<i.!tli;u,? }fU>Ibuy.'5 lui fljot! ,-:5ni-i-l f. li>Ici lO ; \iM liiV/

' ■ '•■'•'[ ■■'■■ ' - ■ V) I /: -i'^f ,j'l • > ' '.^il Hri fic;j,a-i f;i /jriTi-

. >':..vU or \yi-X:,'.'f; viiiiii-;:". , t>J liUiorii I h ,L..;^..'

Iv. .

uiH:

.■iVO ••'ri!-:>." •■:.;»j, ..;,■! .;.UJ^ .'.'lb-; .V ,- .

' :. d 'I

STATE PAPERS.

16'^

.•V-;'V

No. XU.

ELIZA-
BETH.
1569-70.

' < 4

hitters from the Huaen of Scots to the Duh of Norfolk,

[Theft political love-letters (for they can pafs under no other de-
nomination), from a very artful woman to a very weak man,
are, from the characters of the parties, and the confequences of
their intimacy, thought to deferve publication. It is frngular,
that, with all the commendation bellowed on the beauty of Mary
Queen of Scots, there are no two portraits of her which refemble
each other; that by Ifaac Oliver, in the King's pofleflion, and
that in the Duke of Devonfliire's at Chifwick, by Zuccero, are
undoubtedly more advantageous to her than any others we
know of. Brantome commends her perfon and her wit; and
Sir Nicholas White, Mafter of the Rolls in Ireland, fays of her to
Secretary Cecil, " She hath an alluring grace, a pretty Scotch
** rpeech, and a fearching wit clouded with mildnefs. Then, joy
** is a lively infedlive paflion, and carrieth many perfuafions to
'* the heart, which ruleth all the reft ; mine own a6Fedion8, by
•• feeing the Queen's Majefty are doubled, and therefore I guef&
" what fight might work in others. But, if I might give advice,
** there ihould very few fubjeds of this land have accefs to, or
have conference with this Lady."

Hatfield Papers, Vol. I. p. 5 re.]

From an in-
correftTran-
fcript in Dr.
Fornes's
Colleflion,
now in the
poflelTion of
the Earl of
Hardwickc.

((

. ("■••

From

"*i .

•Si

J90

STATE TAPERS.

ELIZA-
B E T H.

IS69-70.
January 3 1 ft.

From the Slueen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk,

^^^^■^^^^B

}

mH|

f ■

*V^Bh

WKm

H'_

I'll!

Mine own Lord,
T WROTE to you before, to know your pleafure if I (hould feek
^ to make any enterprize ; if it pleafe you, I care not for my dan-
ger ; but I would wi(h you would feek to do the like \ for if you
and I could efcape both, we (hould find friends enough ; and for
your lands, I hope they (hould not be loft ; for, being free and ho-
nourably bound together, you might make fuch good offers for the
countries, and the Queen of England, as they (hould not refufe.
Our fault were not (hameful ; you have promifed to be myne, and
I yours } I believe the Queen of England and country (hould like
of it. By means of friends, therefore, you have fought your liberty,
and fatisfadtion of your confcience, meaning that you promifed me
you could not leave me. If you think the danger great, do as
you think beft, and let me know what you pleafe that I do ; fof I
will ever be, for your fake, perpetual prifoner, or put my life in
peril for your weal and myne. As you pleafe command me, for I
will, for all the world, follow your commands, fo that you be not
in danger for me in fo doing. I will, either if I were out by hum-
ble fubmi(fion, and all my friends were againft it, or by other
ways, work for our liberties fo long as I live. Let me know your
mind, and whether you are not offended at me ; for I fear you are,
feeing that I do hear no news from you. I pray God preferve you,
and keep us both from deceitful friends. This laft of January.

Your own, faithful to death,

Queen of Scots, my Norfolk.

rSjij

From

STATE PAPERS.

From tbt Same to the Same.

, Myne own good Lord, -r . ,,

T HAVE forborn this long time to write to you, in rcfpcft of
the dangers of writing, which you feemed to fear ; but I muft
remember you of your own at tymes, as occafion fervcth, and let
you know the continuance of my truth to you, which i fee by this laft
look much detefted. But, if you mind not to fhrink at the matter,
I will die and live with you. Your fortune (hall be mine ; there-
fore, let me know, in all things, your mind. The Bi(hop of Rofs
writes to me, that I fhould make the oflPers to tiie Queen of England
now in my letter, which I write generally ; becaufe I would enter
into nothing till I know your pleafure, which I (hall now follow. I
have heard that God hath taken your dear friend Pembroke, whereof
I am heartily forry.; albeit that, nor other matter, trouble you to
your heart ; for elfe you leave all your friends and me, for whufe
caufe you have doive fo much already, that I trud you will preferve
you to a happyer meeting in difpite of all fuch raylers ; wherein I
fufpeA Huntingdon, for fuch like talk. But, for all their fay-
ings, I truft in God you Ihall be fatisfied with my conditions and be-
haviour, and faithful duty to you, whenever it (hall pleafe Gud I be
with you, as 1 hope for my part the maker (hall never have

the pleafure to fee. or hear my repentance or mifcontentment therein.
I have prayed God to preferve you, and grant us both his grace;
and then let them, like blafphemers, feel. So I end with the hum-
ble and heartieft recommendations to you of your owa faithful to
death* This igth of Marchu.

»9i

ELIZA'
BBTH.

Marcn iqth.

)Vf.

Ui I

MM'-

:';':-^t

From

'l • til:

I9«

B L I Z A-

BBTH.

1570.
May i7tk.

STATE PAPERS. '

From the Same to the Same,

T HAVE received, my own good C(^!iftant Lord, your comfort-
able writings, which are to me as welcome as ever thing was,
for the hopes I fee you are in to have fome better fortune than you
had yet, through all your friends favour. And albeit my friends
cafe in Scotland be of heavy difpleafure unto me, yet nothing to
the fear I had of my fon's delivery up to Queen Elizabeth, and
thofe that I thought might be caufe of longer delaying your affairs.
And, therefore, I took greater difpleafure than I have done (ince,
and that diminiflieth my health a little. For the Earl of Shrewibury
came one night fo merry to me, (hewing that the Earl of Northum-
berland had been in rebellion, and was rendered to the Earl of Suf-
fex, Lord Lieutenant of the North; which, Ance, I have found
falfe; but, at the fudden, fuch fear for friends combring me, I
T7ept fo till I wa« all fwollen three days after. But fmce I have
heard from you, I have gone abroad and fought all means to avoid .
difpleafure for fear of you ; but I have need to care for my health, fmce
the Earl of Shrewibury looks me to, and the peftyleqce was in other
places. The Earl of Shrewibury looks for Bateman to be inftruded
how to deal with me, becaufe he is ableft and clean turned from
the Earl of Leycefter ; this I aflure you, and pray keep that quiet.
I have no long leifure, for I truft to write by one of my gentlemen
fhortly more furely. I pray you think and hold me in your grace
as your own, who daily fhall pray to God to fend you happy and
hafty deliverance of all troubles, not doubting but you would not
then enjoy alone all your felicities, not remembering your own
faithful to death, who fhall not have any advancement or refl with-
out you. And fo I leave to trouble you, but commend you to God.
This 17th day of May.

Your own Queen.

From

STATE PAPERS.

«93

ELIZA-
BETH.

From the Same to the Same,

My good Lord,
TT has not been fmall comfort to me to have the mean to dif-
cover at length, \7ith our trufty fervant the Bi(hop of Rofs that
I might more plainly difcover in all matters nor betray it, both for
the better intelligence of the State there to me, and of my heart to
him ; but efpecially for the better intelligence betwixt us two ; be-
ing means whom I have declared my opinion in all things to ufe
them by your advice, either to cover, as you pleafe and fhall beft
ferve your turn, for that will I have refpedl unto above all other
things, or to accept or refufe whatfoever conditions you think for both
our weale; for without yours I will not have any. And therefore
command him, as for yourlelf, and as your trufty fervant ; and be-
lieve him of all that he will alTure you in my name: that is, in
efFedl* that 1 will be true and obedient to you, as I have promifed,
as long as I live; praying you, if you be not, as you hoped you
fhould be, delivered, think no difpleafure \ but feek the beft remedy,
and having amply communed with him, I will not trouble you with
long difcourfe but remitting all to him, I will, after my hearty com-
mendations to you, my good Lord, pray God to fend you your
hearty defire. From Chattefworth, the 14th of June.

Your own, faithful to deith*.

t '570.
June 14th.

' r.

''\\\

" I i .' ' '

'1 , 7.)

From

»94

BETH.

1570.

STATE PAPERS.

From the Sqme to ii)f Sfiffie,

CUNDAY I received a writing by Borthwick frqm ypu, whereby
I perceive tl^e fatis^ftion you have of in^y pl^ia defiling wit|i ^oy,
as I nmiido of nvy ii^uty. Conlidering howmuch I sii^r behpl^en to
you many .ways, J am glad the grant of my goQ^^will is fo agree*
able to you. Albeit 1 know myfelf to ^je fo unworthy, to be fo well
likpd of one of fuch wifdom an.d good qyalili^,, yet <^9 \ X\f)p^ my
happe great in that, yea much greAter ^|iaq mydefert. Therefor?
I will be about to ufe myfelf fq, that, fo fw as Ood (h^dl gjve m?
grace* you fli^ll never have caufe p dii^ii^Uh your good cpjoceit ^nd
favour of me> while I fhall eftcem ^nfl refpe^t you ip j|ll my doings
fo long ^s J live, as you wquld wifli yqur own tp do, Now^ gQo4 cay
Lor4» more wor^s tp this purpofe would bg Hnfeen;i|y tp p>y pr^fgnt
condition,, and importunable to you, ainpi>g(l fo many bufmefs;
b.ut this, truft you, as written ty them th^t means unfeignedly. This
day I received a letter frow yoM by this Ipearer, wh/eyeby J recqive
the thought you take pf my health, which, thanks to God, is much
better than it was at his departing, but not y^t very ilrong, nor quit
of the forenefs of my fi4e. It caufes me to he more heavy and pen-
five than I would or need to be, confidiering the care you have of me,
whereof 1 will not thank ypu, for J have remitted all my c^ufes to
you to do as for yourfelf. I write to the Bifhop of llofs what I hear
from the Duke of D'Alva, Governor of the Netherlands. Let me
know your pleafure at length in writing, what I (hall anfwer. Now,
my Norfolk, you bid me command you; that would be befides my
duty many ways. But to pray you I will, that you counfel me not,
to take patiently my great griefs, except you promife me to trou-
ble you no more for the death of your ward. I wifh you had ano-
ther in his room to make you merry, or elfe I would he were out

both

STATE PAPERS.

both of England and Scotland. You forbid me to write ; be fure I
will think it no pains, whenever my health will permit it, but plea-
fure, as alfo to receive your letters, which I pray you to fpare not>
when you have leifure without troubling you ; for they (hall fall in
no hands where they will be better received. The phyficians write
at length ; they feem to love you marveloufly, and not miflike of
me. We had but general talk, and fome, of your matters { but not
in any body's name ; therefore I anfwercd nothing, but giving ear
foberly. When Borthwick goeth up, you {hall underftand all ; in
this it is unintelligible ; mean time I muft warn you, when I hear
any thing touching you. Argyle fends me word exprefsly, that
when he met at Stirling with Murray, the Regent of Scotland,
he alTured him, I fhould never come home, and thai: he had intelli-
gence for to be quit of me, remembered him of his promifes. Borth-
wick will write it to the Bifhop of Rofs, and my Lord Fleming.
Argyle prayed me, if you were my friend, to advertife you haftily :
Take of this what pleafes you, but I am fure they will be traytors to
you and me ; and if they were in Turkey, you and I were never
the worfe ; albeit I will not be importune. But, and this Summer
paft, I hope by the good all year. God prefervc you from all tray-
tors, and make your friends as true and condant. From Wingfield
late at night this 24th.

Your aflfured,

Mary,

"95

I L I Z A.
BETH.

1570.

Vol. I.

* C c a

No.

f/1

igS

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1383.

From the
Originals in
the Paper
Office.

No. XIII.

Letters from Sir Edward Stafford^ Ambaffador in France,

[If one may judge from the remains of their correfpondence* Throck>
morton and Stafford were the ableft Ambafladors whom Queen
Elizabeth employed in France during her long reign. The former
was a deeper politician, and the more defigning man ; the latter
had more of the courtier and the gentleman, and was particularly
qualified for that Court, by having ferved in the army, and having
formed a general acquaintance in France, of both parties. Though
he writes incorredlly, it is always with good fenfe, and thorough
knowledge of the world. In the affair of the Barricades, it ap-
pears from Thuanus f , that the Duke of Guife behaved with par-
ticular attention towards him, and Sir Edward, with equal fpirit
and politenefs, refufed to accept his proteftion.

His Lady was an extraordinary character, and, by her accom-
plifhments, equally fitted for the French court. She was niece to
the Duke of Norfolk who was beheaded, and after the death of her
firfl hulband the Lord Douglas Sheffield, was privately married to
Leicefter, by whom fhe had the famous Sir Robert Dudley. The
dread of the Queen's refentment, and the favourite's malice, who
difowned the ccntradl:, was the occafion of her fecond marriage with
Sir Edward Stafford ; he was imprifoned for it, but fhe appears to
have made him, if not a very good wife, a very agreeable compa-
nion ; her condud, indeed, not being defenfible. The fuit which
Sir Robert inl\ituted, after the Queen's death, in the Star Cham-
ber, to eflablifh the validity of his mother's marriage with the
Earl, and the extraordinary manner in which the proceedings were
{lopped, are fully fet forth in Diigdale's Baronage. By this ad of
injuftice, the country lofl: the fervice of an able man in Sir Robert
Dudley, who took refuge in Italy ; and Charles the Firfl, during
his troubles, was, for a fum of money, induced to grant a patent of
peerage to his daughter, by the title of Duchefs Dudley, in the
preamble to which patent the hardfhip of her cafe is fully acknow*

ledged.]

t See alfo Satire Menippee, & Memolrej de la Ligue.

i >

STATE PAPERS,

Sir Edward Sf afford to the ilueen.

> »97

ELIZA-
BETH.

Decern. lu.

TV^AY it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty, to give me leave to
advertife you what I find herCf fit for your Majefly, fince I
vit'w. lafl to Mr. Secretary. Still, of all fides, and very credibly, I am
advertifed, that there is a meaning and a good-will, to annoy your
Majcdy by all means, by the way of Scotland, and private Councils
had about it ; whereto, as I writ before to Mr. Secretary, Mannyng-
ville is called, and private conferences had with him, with a mean*
ing to fend him into Scotland, and to have men to go, to the number
of 1500, and to land at Dumbritton, and to fortify both the town
underneath, and the caAle: and withal, that levies be already
making ; but when I fend to the places, I find nothing, but rather
things in (how, and given out by the Gtptains belonging to the Duke
of Guife, than otherwife. ' . . '

This I am fure of, that if there be any thing done, they mufl
embark them, and afore they embark, there mufl be fome preparation
made for that, about which I hope I have given fuch order, that it fhall
be no fooner in hand, but your Majefly fhall be advertifed of it ; having
upon all havens, upon the coaft of Normandy and Brittany, provided
to have prefent intelligence given ; befides that I have, to be furer,
fent, both into Brittany and Normandy, men for the purpofe.

I pray God keep his continual hand of his grace upon your Ma-
jefty, as he hath done hitherto, and to preferve you from all enter-
prizes againft your perfon, which your Majefty muft be carefuller to
look to than ever, with more care of yourfclf, both for your own
fake, and all your poor fubjedls : for, aflfure yourfelf, that I know for
a certainty, out of the bdwel§ of your evil-difpofed fubjeds here,
and of them that are here furtherers of their naughty fafhion, that
they are out of hope of all ways and enterprizes to hurt you,

but

!■ t

\ ^\

\ x\

3 «d

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

iliii

ill

1 1

!-• •? i ' -i

fffiiffl

!•■; r ?:'i-

lirl

r,. r'i^«

ii'

1' W^' ■

,1 't^!

but only two; the one, by the way of Scotland, which they give out
that they have afluredly at their commandment ; the other, by the
deftru£tion of your perfon, which they hope for.

As for Ireland, they ftick not to nvake a mock at it, and to fay,
they pradife there, but to keep your Majefly at the gaze, and to
fperid your money, which they fay, they can make you fpend in great
quantity, with a fmall charge of their part, and that it is the better
way not any more to feek you, but at the fountain.

I know not whether your Majefty be advertifed of it, but I think,
if it be fo, you fhould be fooner than we here, that the King of
Spain hath fenl a perfon of credit from him into Scotland, and treated
with the King of Scots, and that there are fix hundred that are either
gone, or upon the point of going, into Scotland, moft of them ihuf-
ketteers. If it be fo, it is the beginning of a fire, that will burft
out into fome great flame, which there are naughty people here look
fliall not be long afore it come. There was never more of our
naughty people in France than there is now, nor thM (]peak fo vil^
lainoufly, nor fo plainly againfl your Majefty, nor that feek every
hole open, where there may be fome pradices found againft you. I
take a courfe of a fhow of mild dealing with every body, which
maketh, that they that be lead evil of them, are not afraid of me, and
by that means I hope that there fhall no matter of ripenefs be, that
can come to their hands, but I fhall have an inkling of it. I hope
to do your Majefty fome kind of fervice with that courfe, and to keep
it, without your Majefty give me commandment to the contrary. It
may be a dangerous courfe for me, if any body that loveth me not,
liave power to do me harm with you ; but, in the mean time, being
the likelieft courfe to do you fervice withal, I will put mine own par-
ticular harm in a venture, to do the beft good I can to your public
fervice.

Now to advertife your Majefty certainly of them that are like-
lieft to ehterprize agtunft you here, or to favour it. Fot the houfe

STATE PAPERS.

»99,

of Guife, your Majefty knoweth their good-wills well enough. For
the Kiog> his courle of dealing is fuch, and fo uncertain, that, by rea-
fon of the uncertainty of his favours, ther^ can never be aflured
judgment given which way he will bend himfelf ; for, as long as
Efpernon hath credit, he will hinder any thing the Duke of Guife
doth, and fince thefe lad quarrels, private heart-burnings are, that
be not fo hidden but men fee them, and it is greatly feared that
he will not long lad, but that he will have St. Megrim's end :
and certain it is, that Manningville had been difpatched long fmce,
if he, becaufe the Guife favoured the matter, had not hindered it :
but flill they prevail, for I hear it for certain, that Manningville
ihall be difpatched, and embark at Eau. Whenfoever it be done, it
will be fo fuddenly and fecretly done, that I fhall hardly have time
to give your Majefty warning. And therefore, what your Majefty
thinketh fit to be done in it, is to be done upon this warning, both
for that your Majefty mindeth to do yourfelf of that fide ; and for
me, if it be your pleafure to have me do any thing in it, that you
fend me your pleafure with all the expedition you may. The third,
that I fear in the end, as much as any in France, is Monfieur. I
fee his difpofition fuch, and fo flexible, to be brought to do any thing
to feed his ambitious humour ; and fince this laft quarrel of Efpernoa
and D'Aumale, he hath not let the opportunity fail, and fought
upon the Duke of Guife in prefenting of him favour, which he
hath often done afore, but they would never bite at it; but now it
feemeth, they make fliow to hearken to it. The only hope tliat
there is left of their not thoroughly agreeing is, that they know
him. And this I am fure of, that no longer agone than yefternight,
the Duke of Guife had private conference with a friend of his, about
the matter, and afked him advice in it, being a thing, as he faid, he
could not tell what to do in ; the King's difpofition, to grace Petits
Valets afore him, moving him; one way and Monfieur's nature
6 another

ELIZA.
BETH.

1583-
*— V '

\ i I 111

200

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.

BETH.

1583.

another way, putting him in fear to have any thing to do with him.
His friend's counfel was to him, to temporize, and to entertain
Monfieur with as many courteous meflages, and offers of fervice, as
he could ; but to take heed he committed nothing to writing, for fear
left time would give him caufe to repent Monfieur's acquaintance,
which was, and had been yet, dangerous to as many as had dealt with
him, confldering his little ability, and lefs difpofition, to have regard
to any men of quality that did him fervice. And befides his iiccuf-
tomed ufe to keep any thing he had in ftore, to cut men's throats
that had offered him fervice, when he was once weary of them ; which
was hourly to be feared, his uncertainty being fo great, as he, and
every body knew it. And therefore, by any means, to keep that
hand, that Monfieur (hould have caufe for the prefent to be con-
tented, and he in liberty to cleave either to him, or to remain faft
to the King, which was the likelier of the two, confidering his pre-
fent ftate in the Crown, with the which he had ever held, and
the other's nature, which he was to (land in awe of.

The Duke of Guife embracing him, refolved to follow his coun-
fel, and upon that fpake in fuch fort to Drow, that under colour of
being fent to the King, was fent about that matter to the Duke of
Guife, who ufed it fo well, that Drow went away marvellous
well fatisfied ; but when he required the Duke of Guife to write
to Monfieur, he defired him to pardon him. So that I hope they
will one entertain another, to ferve the other's turn, without, any
thing at all, trufling one another. '

Pinard, as I writ to Mr. Secretary the laft day, is returned from
Monfieur, marveloufly difcontented. He went for two fpecial
things, the one to bring Monfieur to the Court, according to his
promife to the Queen Mother ; the other, to get Cambray into the
King's hand. For the firft, Monfieur anfwered divers reafons why

j r'MSt

,..|K1

iv^

■i

^mk

■

STATE PAPERS.

201

he would not come to the Court : at the leneth he made a demand, E L i z a-

° BETH.

to have his guard lodged in the King's houfe, as well as the King's, is33-
which the King took in marvellous ill part. For the fecond, Pinard
offered Monfieur from the King, that if he would put Cambray and
the citadel into any man's hand that could fpend in France 25,000
Franks a year, to be the Governor of it, he would pay the garrifon
and defend it upon his own coft and charge ; or if he miftruiled
that them that he fhould put in, might be too much at his devotion,
he was contented to name unto him three of his own followers,
that were men of quality ; and if he would put any of them in, he
would do the like i which were Rochepot, La Chaftre, and Bellegarde.
But to be ftill at the charge to furnifh him whenfoever he would, to
fpend his money, and wafte and fpoil his people, and to leave the
government of a town of fuch importance in their hands, that have
neither honefty to care for, nor goods to be- careful of the lofs thereof,
what treachery foever they committed, that he would not do.
Which Monfieur refufing, was the caufe that Pinard came away dif-
contented, and the King protefting that he (hould never be defired
more to come to him, nor offered reafonable help, feeing he fo
little fet by it.

Very wife men think here, that know Monfieur's humour very
well, that when the King will no more intreat him to come, he will
come of himfelf upon a fudden, and that he will be fain at length
to defire that for Cambray that the King offereth.

Monfieur beginneth to be fomewhat more followed than he
was, by means of the King's dealings in this riflembly ; for nei-
ther the clergy is contented with him, nor the nobility. For he
feeketh to draw more from the clergy than they will ever grant
him, but by force ; and feeketh to draw from the Nobility, part
of their authority over their vaffals (as they term them), which
will never be done without blows. And that maketh both forts
to flock about Monfieur, more than they were minded; fo that

D d the

t :

208

STATE PAPERS.

W/h?"' *^* ^^^ ^"" '"^° *^^ '^^^^^ ^"'^ ^° ^^^^^ Monfieur's grcatnefe will
>S83- begin to rife again by the King's defaults. Some, as wife as they,
think, that the King, finding it, will take up in time, and that though
he do not, Monfieur hath fo evil ufed the reft of his fair offered for-
tunes heretofore, that any thing that can be offered him hereafter,
will come but to wind, as the reft have done. .

There came to me the laft day, late in the night, one apparelled
like a Jefuit, defirous to come to me very fecretly ; told me he wag
ready to do your Majefty all the fervicc he might, afTuring himfclf,
that, according to your liberality accuftomed, you would recompencc
him ; and that, for my pajrt, I would keep his dealings fecret to my-
felf ; which affuring him, both of your part, for your liberality,
and mine, for my fecretnefs, he declared to me firft, how he was
often with the Spanifh AmbafTador, and now, by reafon of his coat,
began to be great with the new-come Nuncio; that he fourfi great
amity contracted between them, which, might be prejudicial to your
Majefty. That he would difcover to me, from time to time, ?.ll their
dealings ; and that he gave me warning of one thing, that my wife
was thought to be a Catholic in mind, though fhe made no fliew
of it, and therefore I was to take heed what dealings (he was ac-
quainted withal. To the firft, I encouraged him all the ways I
could, with afTurance of my gratefulnefs, to : '■ •. uttermoft of my
power, and hope of your Majefty *s reward farther. For the laft I
thanked him greatly for it, told him it was a thing that I had al-
ways feared, and therefore defired him to have a fpecial eye to it,
that I might be advertifed of it, and that, if I did once know it, I
would keep her (hort enough. Which courfe I held with him, for
two reafons, one, to have it given abroad that fhe is fo, which I
have gone about, ever fince I came hither, to blow abroad, to make
thofe women that be privateft about the Queen Mother, of the beft
fort that come to fee her, to fpeak franklier to her. The other, to
fee by the blowing of it abroad by him, whether he were a man fct

. 6 • of

StATE PAPERS.

303

of purpofe to feel me or no. Which not only I have found out ^b^et^^*

that way, being a thing by his means fpread round about the next '583-

days after ; but alfo I prefently dogged him, and found that he went

to the Duke of Ouife*8 houfe prefently from me> and that he is one

of the belonging, and only depending upon him.

I hope both to make his news he hath fpread abroad, and him, to

ferve your turn, as I will make her handle the matter, and as I will

ufe him, if your Majefty will fometimes make fome letters be written

to me for the purpofe, that I may (how.

And thus let me make an end, with making your Majefty to
laugh, at one that came the laft day puffing to me in great hade,
affuring me, that it was certified that Segur's going into England
was, to feek marriage of you for his matter. And that he had car-
ried a tefiimony from all the churches, that confidering this lafl
accident of the Queen his wife's, he was at liberty to put her away,
marry again, which they counfelled him to, and that your Majefly
gave attentive ear to it. I anfwered him as coldly as I could, that
was a thing I was not acquainted with, but that I knew your Ma-
jefty not fo hot to marry, but both you would have leifure to fee him
free that fought you, and give us leifure to talk more of the matter
afore it were done fo fuddenly.

Of the matters of the Queen of Navarre, I have written fo at large
to Mr. Secretary, that my letter being already tedious enough, I
leave troubling of your Majefty, and commit you to the tuition of
the Almighty. This firft of December 1583.

I befeech your Majefty that this matter of my wife may not pafs
yourfelf, for if it be given out any way at all, the play is marred,
and your Majefty 's fervice that way loft.

There was news came hither yefterday, that Monfieur was, with
force, come from Chafteauthierry. Some fufpeded he was come fe-
cretly hither, to fpeak with the King and Queen Mother. And all
his own folks here were in a marvellous dump. But the King

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and Queen Mother were in greater, for they had advertifement he
was gone into Languedoc, and were greatly amazed. Yet the cer-
tainty is not known, but I had a lacquey from a friend of mine
there this morningi and letters, by the which I am aflured, that
Monfieur is there Aill, but that he went about a little love matter
two or three leagues, and lay out but one night. To be more cer-
tain of all, 1 have, under colour of fending Monfieur a nag of mine,
that Monfieur hearing of had a mind to. I have fent one pur-
pofely to prcfent that nag, that will bring me the certainty.

Endorfed, copy of my letter to the Qiieen, by Painter, the firft
of December 1583. .

1583.

Deccmb. ifl.

Sir E* Stafford to Secretary Walfmgham^

SIR,
"C I R S T, to begin with fuch things as have pafled, or that I
omitted in my laft letter. The King fent for Clernaut after that
he was gone, and told him, that he had fent Bellievre to deal about
the matter of his fifter ; that he was very forry with all his heart,
that evil reports had made him do that which he had done towards
her. That he defired him to be a means to the King of Navarre,
to have all things done to his fitter's honour ; for, if he did not deal
well with her, all the wars for religion in France fliould be nothing
near unto that which fhould now be againft him with extremity ;
that he would not have his blood difhonoured, and bid him go fpeak
with the Queen his mother, who fhould tell him more ; which Cler-
naut did without any reply, to hear her afore he would make his
anfwer.

Thereupon he went to the Queen Mother, who delivered him the
fame thing the King did. And added withal, that for her own

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STATE PAPERS.

305

particular, in dealing well with her daughter, fhe would be the King ^}'^\'^\J^'
of Navarre's agent in all his caufes, and Clernaut's for being the "s^j.
mediator of it.

To her, CIcrnaut anfwered, that the King had ufed the fame
fpeeches to him, to whom he had forborne to anfwer; for the rcfpeft
that he had, put him over to farther fpeech with her; but to her
he defired pardon, though he anfwered plainly, he would carry no
fuch anfwer to his Mafter. That the ground of her difhonour came
from hence, whence it was to be repaired. That if, the fault coming
from hence, they would, by ufing extremity, feek to make him do a
thing fo diflionourablci he was fure he had that courage, that he
would abide rather all hazards, and put himfelf in the protedion of
God ; and with that departed, and would have fpoken with the King
again, but he found him gone through the Queen Mother's chamber
a back way into the park, where in paffing he had fpoken with her;
and Villeroy fent for him an hour after, and told him, he was forry
for the fpeeches that had pafled from the King, and fo was the King
himfelf fmce, being moved with an advertifement that came to him
from that country, that the King of Navarre meant prcfently to
repudiate the Queen and take another. And dcfired him to be fo
difcreet as to make no word of that to the King of Navarre, the
King having fpoken it in choler, which he was very forry for.

To that Clernaut anfwered, that he never meant to deliver any fuch;
meflage to the King of Navarre, whatfoever had come of it.

For the Queen of Navarre, Bellievre had made her advance her-
felf to Cadillac by the laft news : fome fay now to Nerao, but the
King of Navarre goeth ftill farther from her, and there is yet no
news that Bellievre is come to him. • •

The King of Navarre "s in Foix, and in going, furprized a'town

of his own called Mont tlu Marfant, which, by the laft peaces fliould

have been put into his hands, and they ever kept it againft the

King's will, as the King affirmed by all meffages to the King of

' 1 Navarre,

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Navaire, who prefently fent word to the King of it, tliat Teemed to
be very well contented with it, though I know he ftorm marveloufly
at it, and know not whereabouts they are, fpecially by the King of
Navarre's going into Foix, which is within four leagues of Montreal,
and not far off D'Anville, with whom they fear marveloufly his con-
ference.

The King is marveloufly offended with the Duke of Savoy, both
for the taking of Colmars, which he doth rurpe<a: is done by intelli-
gence between him and D'Anviile, as alfo for this falling of the Five
Cantons of the Swifliers from him, which he layeth all upon him as
hispradices : the King, as they fay, ftayeth but Bellievre's return, by
whofe hands all affairs of the Swiffers pafs ; and it is thought he
meaneth to break league with them firfl:. The King hath fent for
the AmbaflTador of Savoy, and hath been very earned with him and
hot : the AmbaflTador afliireth the contrary^ and ufeth mild fpeeches
and aflTurances to that intent.

I received letters to-day from Monf. de Beza, where he writeth,
that, for all the Duke of Savoy's prefling for this diet, he now flieth
the tilt, and delay eth the matter, and armeth himfelf, fo that the
afFe£led cantons now afllemble a diet, to provide for the worft, both
for their alliesand themfelves.

Alfo he affureth me, that the King of Spain hath drawn out
mofl: of his old garrifons out of Italy, and put in Bofognes, and that
both they and the reft of them that came from the Terceras, are al-
ready at Sanonne, and fhall go into the Low Country. Divers marvel
that being already fo ftrong there as he is, he bringeth in fo fuper-
fluous a number of all old foldiers, without it be for fomc farther in-
tent, than only the Low Country's reduction.

The King hath continued the Grands Jours for three months
longer. Truly juftice is done in them marvellous fevcrely. At the
firft it was thought that it was taken in hand to altrap them of the
religioi^i. but truly it is come to all men, more to Catholics than

Proteftants.

STATE P A 1* E R S.

!Proteftafnts. Men of great qiiality have been executed in it. Buffi's
father is condemned in it, and is fain to fly to Cambray to his fon-
in-law Balagny, for fuccour ; and his daughter, Balagny's wife, is
come to this town to intreat for him, but the King refufeth pardon
generally to all them that are condemned by the Grand Jours. And,
in truth, there hath been marvellous great ordinary robberies com-
mitted, and murders by diverfi, that it is a (hame to hear.

I am credibly informed, that all Languedoc had been by this time
in arms, if one Advignon, difguifed like a mariner, had not arrived
fafely, with the King's packet hidden in a fachel of fand, and other
fuch trafli, at Narbonne, to the Count of Joyeuze, in the laft month.
His meflage was, to have a fpecial eye to all things, which, if it had
not been done, divers places had been furprifed. The mcflenger
was laid for in divers places, and efcaped hardly, having exprofs
charge from the King to go part by fea, if need were, and to caft
away, if need were, the packet into the fea or fome puddle, the fame
being made clofe up and heavy, of purpofe.

The caufe of Duke Joyeuze's going to Rome, (better known to your
Honour, than to me it can be, being afore my time) was yefterday re-
ported to me by a man of good credit, great knowledge,and aCatholick,
as follows: To obtain difpenfation of the Pope, for the King to
fell 100,000 crowns yearly revenue of church land. To procure the
excommunication of Montmorency tanquam fautorem hxreticorum^
according to the bull In Cam Dopiini. To buy the country of Avig-
non. To procure a red hat for the Archbifhop of Narbonne, hio
brother. But finding the opinion of his credit in France inferior to
his own imagination, and the Pope and Clergy of Rome more
ftately than he looked for, he was greatly difmayed and difcontented
in hlmfelf ; whereupon, it is thought, his difeafe is a melancholy that
will make an end of him fhortly, as being increafed by that the Pope
denied him in all.

The

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BETH.

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The King feeketh in this aflembly to have his gentlemen and
gentlewomen that he made thefe laft years, to be brought to the
kitchen * again, and all his new officers to be difcharged, with the
authority of the aifembly. And with this fimple conclufion, I commit
jour Honour to God. Paris, i ft December, 1583.

Endorfed, copy of my letter to Mr. Secretary, by Painter, the ift
, of December 1583. •

T^'583-
Dec. loth.

■ Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een,

TVTAY it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty, to be advertifed,
that hearing, as I writ in my laft to you, that Monfieur was
departed from Chafteauthierry, whereof we had here a great alarm,
upon divers bruits that came upon that, I fent a man thither, under
the colour of prefenting him a nag, to fee what became of him :
but I find that he was away but one night, and came again the next
day, being only gone but to a gentleman's houfe thereby, with
few company with him. 4; . ' - •

Monfieur taketh great pleafure in thinking, that they which were
here were very much afraid of him, which in truth is true, and the
King, as all they that be about him fay, groweth in more fear of
him every day, than other. I cannot aflure your Majefty that it is
true, but that they may have better intelligence than outwardly
they make fliow of; but if it be, they be the cunningeft carriers of
it that ever was feen, and the wifeft of both religions are deceived la
it, and they that be neareft about them both. On Sunday was
the marriage between Ferragues's daughter and Anvilly ; within
two days after they be married, the father, the mother, and the wife

Roturlers.

STATE PAPERS.

209

go back again, as they fay there. The ma' tiage was very private
without ceremony ; and in truth, there was no great caufe why it
{hould be otherwife, for fuch a man's daughter as Ferrague's, and
fuch a man's fon as Anvilly was.

Surely, Madam, there were great troubles in likelihood to grow
here, in men's opinions, and no fpeech was but of wars, of the
which I have written more at large to Mr. Secretary, not to trouble
your Majefty with the reading of too tedious a letter.

Monfieur has fent hither Rafont, very fecretly, to treat from him
with the King of Navarre's and Prince of Conde's fervants here,
to fee if they could make him certain how things in Languedoc and
Guienne went ; and to fee if there were not any way poffible, to bring
to pafs a good truft between the King of Navarre, Monfieur, and the
Prince of Conde, and them of the churches : and for to bring them
the rather unto it, and to take all the doubts out of their heads, he of-
fered them to put your Majefty for to anfwer for his good ufing of
himfelf hereafter. And that, though they had caufe to fufped Mon-
fieur for what was paft, there were divers great and important tea-
fons moved him ; that hereafter, though for religion he would never
take it in hand, yet if they would take arms for the bien publique^
which had great need of it, that whilft he lived, he would take fuch
part as they.

They made him a true account ho'v things pafled there, which he
firft demanded; but for the laft, they anfwered him very difcreetly,
that the King keeping his promife with them, and letting them live
in peace, they were to take it very thankfully, and to give God
thanks.

As for your Majefty, they thought you would not counfel them any
fuch thing. Rafont told them, that he had commandment to come
and make me acquainted with it ; but I hear not yet of him, yet it
is four days agone ; which hath made me to ftay fending, expedting
to hear from his mouth, fome more particular matter than that which

E e they

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1583-

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2IO

ELIZA-
BETH.

•583-

STATE PAPERS.

they had advertifed. Whereunto I had prepared a dilatory anfwer,
with all the beft manner I could, if he had come; which courfe I
mean to take in all fuch matters, but only to have a good ear, and a
fmall tongue, till fuch time as 1 can advertife your Majefty, and
know your plcafure.

He being not yet come, and, as I hear, going out of the town, I
have thought good to ftay no longer, but to advertife your Majefty
of it. They that gave me this advertifement, in following the mat-
ter, drew the wire fo well out of him, that he burft out that this
league was propounded to the Duke of Guife, and that he had once
agreed unto it ; and, going to write his confent unto Monfieur, one
of his friends pulled him from the paper, which almoft agreeth with
that I Wilt to your Majefty in my laft letter ; which brought them
farther out of love with the matter, and more miftruft than before,
to fee that he confefled the feeking firft upon the Duke of Guife afore
them, which two could fcarce hang well together.

At my firft coming hither, as my duty was to all Ambafliidors
that have come to fee me, I have gone about ever to affure them, as
they did me, on their Matter's part, of the continuance of your
Majefty*s friendlhip towards their Matters and States. Two days
agone, the Ambafllidor of Venice came to me, and fhcwed me
very earneft affcdion towards your Majefty, of that ftate, and a
commandment from them to continue and incrcafe the fame, as a
thing they defircd, above all Princes of Chriftendom ; and was very
carncft with me to deliver it your Majefty, with great aflurance on
their part, in fuch kind as though, it" it fccmcd your Majefty made
account of thenri, that he might find it more than of ordinary com-
pliments, he had fomething to fay farther. If your Majefty will have
me to take knowledge of any thing more than of ordinary good will
towards that State, having received commandment from you, I will
obey it to the beft of my pov^er. Likewife I writ to Monf. Chaf-
lillion, as one of my old acquaintance at my coming firft, to renew

5 it.

STATE PAPERS.

211

it, and to reqnire his continuance of his good will towards your Ma-
jefty, which he had fo often vowed to mc. Laft of all, to aflure him,
of your good will towards him, as hereditable towards him for his
father's fake. I received anfwer from him with the greateft liumi-
lity of fervice towards your Majefty, and offer to leave all caufes in
France, to venture his life for the fervice of your Majefty, whenfo-
ever it Ihall pleafe you to command him.

The Duke of Bouillon came the laft day to the town, and fent to
me, that he would come fee me that afternoon. I made an excufe
of bufinefs, becaufe I would not have him come firft to me ; and pre-
fently after his man's departure, I went and faw him at his lodging ;
where he acknowledged, as much as might be, his dutiful remem-
brance of your Majcfty's honourable ufing of him in England, wiih
earneft proteftations of his dutiful fervice, which he reiterated aga in
the next day that he came to vifit me, and that very earneftly. So
did likewife Monfieur de la Vail, who came to vifit me to that intent,
and I rendered him the next day his falutation, and likewife to the
Count Chafteauroux, who did the like to me in the honour of your
Majefty, to whom he protefted his fervice.

The Pope's Nuntio fent his Secretary the laft day to Monfieur,
who was received there with great kindnefs. I cannot hear by them
that come or write from thence, that it was any other than ordinary
compliments upon the Nuntio's firft arrival. I fliall hear more within
a day or two ; they had both often and very fecret conference.

I fend your Majefty a letter which Monfieur fent me by a G)u-
rier, and withal I received from a friend of mine a letter with a little
in it, with a contrary hand in Englilh. The words were.
The Ambafl'ador that went to her Majefty is come again, and hath
brought nothing but words ; whereat, what fhow focver we make, we
are not contented. I pray God it breed not fome mifchicf. For my
part, Madam, I think nothing from thence can breed any great good,
without it be with doing fomebody great harm, and therefore I think

E e 2 good

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212

STATE PAPERS.

^bVt^h* good words is your beft courfe, without any great deeds. I do keep
1583. that hand with them (though I write plainly to your Majefty), that
they think not fo ; and fo (hall do, if they hear not the contrary
from England.

Endorfed, Copy of my Letter to the Queen, by Chamberlain, the

loth of December 1583.

Sir Edward Stafford to Lord Burleigh,

Pec. 19th.

T HAVE fent your Lordfliip the very words of Mr. Secretary's
letter to me, by Mr. Conftable, and leave to your Lordfhip's
judgment, whether any man that can fee farther than the end of
his own nofe, may not judge or think, that there is an evil meaning
in the writer*, and to fufpe£k that there is an intention, if it be not
already done, to make her that it is written from, in her name t>
to think as they mean.

" Sir, I am exprefsly willed by her Majefty to make this prefent
difpatch to you, thereby to require you in her name, that you do
carry a very watchful eye over the Lord Paget and Charles Arundel,
who have of late conveyed themfelves away without licence, feeking
very carefully to underftand what they may praftife or deal in the
prejudice of this Crown, wherein her Majefty hath willed me to fig-
nify to you, that fhe is affured that the alliance that my Lady, your
wife, hath with them, (hall not make you to be more remifs to per-
form your duty towards her, with that truft that (he doth fpecially
I'epofe in you."

» Walfingham. f 1''»e Queen.

Copy

^Mj

STATE PAPERS.

813

ELIZA.

BETH.

1583.

Copy of a private Letter to Mr, Secretary^ about the An^
fwer of that he writ to me of my Lord Paget,

S I R,
T RECEIVED the laft day a packet from your Honour, by

Mr. Conftable ; in it a letter touching Paget and Arundell, and
the Queen's commandment for the diligent looking into their adions
here. Truly her commandment muil needs make me more diligent,
if it be poflible, not more careful ; that my duty bound me to enough
afore, and therefore more I cannot.

I had) afore your letter, taken the fame (how of carelefs courfe you
writ to me of, thinking it the beft ; and truly I find fo by experi-
ence, for by that means they take lefs heed of me. I have had one
lodged by them, but I am fifliing for one that is daily with them,
and their fervant ; I am not out of hope to have him. They have
yet dealt themfelves with nobody, nor feen any man of importance.
"What Charles Paget doth for them I can hardly learn as yet, for he
is infeparable with Morgan, and Morgan is hand in hand with
the Bifhop of Glafcow ; judge you what may be then moll likely,
and I muft have time to feek out ; yet Paget, and his fellow, both
proteft, that neither they do, nor will do, any thing againd the
Queen's Majefty, nor hang upon the French King, the Pope, the
King of Spain, the Duke of Guife, nor any other, as long as ne-
ceffny for meat driveth not them to it, and that the Queen will let
them live to their confcience here, with reafonable favour, without
undoing. I fliall perchance come by their contrary dealings, ere
it be long, if they deal in any thing.

Paget hath received 4000 Crowns, as I am advertlfed for cer-
tainty, by the hands of Bartholomew Martin here ; the exchange

came

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BETH.

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STATE PAPERS.

came from Mofley, a merchant in Cheapfide, to Roan, and from
Roan hither.

Sure I am of one thing, that, aa yet, they have fpoken with nobody
of importance, nor any ftrangcr of value, without it be by the fe-
cond hand, by Charles Paget's and Morgan's means, without fpeak-
ing with any themfelves, for that yet the elder brother, nor his fel-
low, have not yet feen Morgan fince they came. '

Now, Sir, give me leave to defire you to da me fo much favour,
as that I may requeft you to tell the Queen that, what alliance foever
any body had to my wife, there is neither alliance to her, to me,
nor kindred to any of us both, not if it were mine own brother,
that, if he enterprize any thing againft her, fhould fcape punifliment
in extremity, as long as I had any handle. And therefore much lefs,
I hope, Ihe will doubt in thefe, who neither have kindred, alliance,
or any other matter of value in them, to draw me a thought from
my duty, though I were but a private man, much more being in a
place of truft; which I befeech you to tell her, as there is nothing
I can receive more wrong in, than to be in that point, never fo Anally,
doubted of.

I have the fooner fent you this bearer Afke, becaufe you may
know of the fpeeches that are here of the French Ambaflador's
going into Scotland ; becaufe that, if you will, and think good, there
are ways enough. The man that carrieth the difpatch being watched
at Dover to fee what he carrieth, afore he com ' to London : his
name is Harvey, the French Ambaffador's ordinary fervant.

Sir

STATE PAPERS.

Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een.

ELIZA-
BETH.

\ '

May it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty,
T RECEIVED four days agone this letter here inclofed from

Monfieur to your Majefty, with another from him to myfelf, to
fend it to you furely and fpeedily ; which having kept four or five
days in my hand, hoping of an ordinary poft, and finding the wind
hath permitted none thefe three weeks and more, I durft no longer
keep it, but to fend this bearer with it to your Majefty, moft hum-
bly craving your plcafijrc to know, hereafter receiving any in fuch
fort from him, whether I Ihall fend it away prefently, to avoid opi-
nion of negligence, or keep till a better opportunity, to avoid ex-
pence : and as I (hall know your Majefty's pleafure, fo will I diredl;
myfelf in that, or any thing elfe.

For your Majefty's pleafure I received by Mr. Secretary, about my
Lady, as in all things elfe, fo muft and will I fulfil your Majefty's
will. I pray God, either for 500 marks of mine own, or as much of
your purfe, I have as good intelligence, as I think that way would
have gotten. For this your Majefty may aflure yourfelf of, that
there are four women in the Court, Madame Villeroy, Retz, Prin-
cefs of Conde and Nevers, that have all the news, and moft fecreteft
devices of the Court ; for there is never a one of thefe, or at the
leaft amongft thefe four, one of them, that hath not either a lover, .
an honourer, or a private friend, of the fecreteft Council in the Court, .
that will almoft hide nothing from them. With thefe, llie having ,
conlcrcnce, as they all defire her company, among women, (except
Princeffes of your quality) few things but are ripped up; and the
more bending they feel in religion, the more franknefs both in men

and

>S33-
Dec. 26th.

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ELIZA-
BETH.

and women commonly there is ; and the more they feel them bend,
the more they ufe frankncfs, hoping to make them full coming. I
am fure of one thing, Hie could have done no harm ; and it had been
a great hazard, if by that means I had not done a great deal of good
for your fervice. But as I have my mind, while I am here, to feek
no ways but to ferve you, fo feeing you like not of my way, I will
feek no way but that which may befl like you : and therefore I will
feek fome way, the cleanlieft that I can, to take away the opinion I
have already gone about to print, and find fome other the bed courfe
I can, to do your Majefty the beft fervice I may *.

For Monfieur, fince the Queen Mother went thither, I hear no-
thing from thence ; they here look daily for fomewhat.

Upon Friday lad, but then the Queen Mother was not arrived at
Chafteauthierry, came Monfieur's Provoft from him, with letters to
the King, to defire him to give him (Irong hand to attach the Abbot
of Albene, as one, that the man apprehended, confeifed to be a
partner in this confpiracy, and to deHre the King prefently to fend
him to him.

The King thinketh flrange to have fuch mefTage from his brother
within his realm ; yet, feeming very willing to have any body to an-
fwer fuch fa£t, fent for the Abbot, and told him that he muft give
him his faith and a furety fufficient, that he fhould keep Paris for
his prifon, till he had anfwered to fuch things as his brother had laid
to his charge ; which he called Monfieur's Provoft to aflift unto, to
fee what order he had taken with the Abbot ; and therewithal fent
his brother word, that he found this manner of his dealing with him
flrange, to fend to him that was his King, though his brother, to

• The Queen's declining to avail herfelf of the Lady's fincerity and fidelity. She was

of the Lady Sheffield's turn for intrigue, pro-
ceeded either from a fcrupulous and laudable
delicacy, to make ufe of fuch deceitful and
hypocritical praflices, or from her fufpicions

niece to the beheaded Duke of Norfolk. Mr.
Walpole has a portrait of her firft hulband.
Lord Sheffield, at Stiawberry hill.

fend

STATE PAPERS.

217

fend to him any that was remaining where he was, to he cxa-
mincd by him that had no juflice, and that lie thought it had been
rather fit for him to have fent the foldicr that he had, to him, to
have examined him, and confronted him with the Abbot, or any
other, he having only, by being King, the adminiilration of ju(-
tice in his hands, and not Monfieur. Yet he was contented to do
that he did, to fhow better nature, and more care over Monfieur,
than he looked Monfieur would do for him in that cafe; though in
the end, he thought it would fall out but pradices of them about
him, to ftretch to farther matter, than any thing elfe of truth ;
which a great many here are in fome opinion of: what will fall out
of it, I cannot judge yet.

The Abbot was with me here yefterday, and defired me to requeft
of your Majefty, with his humble duty, that you would, whatfoever
you heard of him, think of him as of an honeil man, and to re-
member, that though he be now away from Monfieur, your Ma-
jefly yourfelf ouce told him, that there was no place for an honefl
man to reft there, as long as Ferragues had any great credit about
him.

For the reft of that which is occurrent here, I leave it to Mr.
Secretary's letter, to whom 1 have written at large, for fear of
troubling your Majefty with too tedious a letter. Yet can I not end
without as plain dealing with you, to declare any good dealing of
Monfieur towards you, which I would be the gladder of the two I
might daily write, as I am by duty bound when I find the contrary.
I am very credibly informed, that when he heard of this villainous
a£l of Somerfield's confeftion, he grew in a great choler, and fwore
deeply, which he commonly doth not, that Jefuits only were the
fetters on of thefe enterprifes ; and that, if he were a King, he would
rather hang them with his own hand, than fuffer any of them to live;
with many bitter words againft them, and many honourable and
loving fpeeches of jrour Majefty.

E I, I z A-
B E I H.

fM-J

i I

ii;-

i \i\vi

61 ' ^

No.

2l8

ELIZA'

BETH.

1586.

STATE PAPERS.

No. XIV.

From Dr. FfOtH the ^uecH of Scots to Chorks Paget,

Collection,
BOW in the

|'hfS"o°/ [This Letter is printed as particularly pointed out by Mr. Hume ia
""'^^'''''^' the laft quarto edition of his Hiftory.]

i;8^- TT7ITH an infinite number of other letters in cypher, I re-
VV ceived five of your own, dated the 14th of January, 7th of
May, S4th and laft of July 1585, and 4th of February 1586; but,
for their late arrival here and all at once, it hath not been pofiible
to make me yet fee them all decyphered ; fo, wholly without any
intelligence of foreign affairs, it is very difficult for me to eflablifh
any certain courfe for re-eftablifhing of mine own on this fide. And
methink, I can fee no other means to that end, except the King of
Spain, now being pricked, in his particular, by the attempt made on
the Low Countries, and the courfe of Drake, would take revenge
of this Queen ; whilft France, occupied as it is, cannot help her.

Wherefore, I defirc that you fhould efTaie, either X during his

aboad in Spain, or by Bernandino Mendozo, to difcover clearly if
the faid King hath intention to fet on this country; as to me it
feemeth to be the fureft and readieft way for him, whereby to rid
himfclf altogether of the Queen's malice agaiuft him ; fo as now he
doth find himfclf conftrained to come to the fame remedies which, in
♦ Don John D'Auftria's time, were propounded unto him; which I
doubt he (hall not find prefently in thefe parts of fuch ftrength and
virtue, as if he had applied them in time and place; as to wit, whilft
that I had fo well difpofcd Scotland to receive them, that the Catholic

5 party

STATE PAPERS.

fii9

party in this realm had the principals, which fincc it hath loft. ^'^\:^r^^\/^'
My relations in France were to have employed, therein, and the laid isB'j.
King not impeached in any other enterprize. I remember well that
Don John was always ftifF of this opinion, that there was no other
means in the world whereby to let up again the King his brother's
affairs in the Low Conntries, and to afliirc his States in all other
parts, then in re-eftablifliing this realm under God, and a Prince his
friend ; for fo much as he forefaw right well, that this Queen would
not fail to break with him, and to give him, as fhe hath done, the
firft blow. Now in cafe (as fayd is) that he deliberate to fet on this
Queen, efteeming it moll neceffary, that he aifure himfelf alfo of
Scotland, either to fervc him in the faid enterprize, or, at the leaft,
hold that country fo bridled, as it ferve not his enemy, I have
thought good that you enter with E. in thefe overtures following :
to wit, that I (hall travel by all means to make my fon enter in the
faid enterprize : and if he cannot be perfuaded thereunto, that I fliall
dreffe a fecret band and league amongft the principal Catholic Lords
of that country, and their adherents, to be joined with the King of
Spain, and execute at his devotion what, of their part, fhall be thought
meet for advancing of the faid enterprize ; fo being they may have
fuch fuccours of men and money as they will alk, which I am fure
fhall not be very chargeable, having men enough within the coun-
try, and little money ftretching far and doing much there. More-
over, I (hall drefle the means, for the more fecurity, to make my fon
be delivered into the hands of the faid King, or in the Pope's, as by
them fhall be thought beft ; but with padtion and promife to let and
fet him at full liberty whenfoever I fhall fo defire, or that, after my
death itfelf, being Catholic, he (hall defire to repair again to this ifle ;
without that ever the faid King fhall pretend nor attempt any thing
to my prejudice or my fon's, if he yield himfelf Catholic in the fue-
ceffion of this crown. This is the beft hoftage that I and the faid
Lords of Scotland can give to the faid King, for performance of that

F f 8 which

''.,,.

St ill! ill

! )■'

,tf 'Y

■f

i^:

•. 1 i

2tO

ELIZA-
BETH.

1586.

STATE PAPERS.

which may depend of them in the faid enterprize. But withal,
miift there be a Regent eftabliflied in Scotland, that have commifTion
and power of me and my fon (whom it Ihall be eafy to make pafs
the fame, he being once in the hands of the faid Lords), to govern
the country in his abfcnce ; for which office I find none fo fit as the
Lord Claude *, as well for the rank of his houfe, as for his manhood
and wifdom. And, to (liun all jealoufy of the reft, and ftrengthen
him the more, he muft have a council appointed him of the principal
Lords, without whom he fhall be bound not to ordain any thing of
importance. I ffiould think myfclf moft obliged to that King, that
it would pleafe him to receive my fon, to make him be inftrudled and
reduced to the Catholic religion ; which is the thing of this world I
moftdefire; affedling a great deal rather the falvation of his foul,
than to fee him Monarch of all Europe. And I fear much, that fo
long as he fhall remain where he is (amongft thofe who found all
his greatnefs upon the maintenance of the religion which he pro-
fefleth), it fhall never lye in my power to bring him in again to
the right way ; whereby there fhall remain in my heart a thoufand
regrets and apprehenfions if I fhall die, to leave behind me a tyrant
and perfecutor of the Catholic Church. If you fee or perceive the
faid Ambalfador to take hold of the faid overtures, and doth put you
in hope of a good anfwcr thereunto, which you fhall infift to have
with all diligence, I would, in the mean while, that you fhould write
to the Lord Claude, letting him underftand, how that the faid King
is fet on this country, and defireth to have the affiftance of the Ca-
tholics of Scotland, to ftop, at the leaft, that from thence this Queen
have no fuccours. And, to that cffed, you fliall pray the faid Lord,
to found and grope the minds hereunto of the principal of the Ca-
tholic Nobility in Scotland, and others who, under other pretext, he
might bring into their party ; to the end you may make open light

Hamilton.

whereby

STATE PAPERS.

821

whereby the faid King may fee, what he might look for in fuch
cafe at their hands, and alfo know what fuccours and fupports both
of men and money they would require of the faid King to hold Scot-
land at their devotion withal : moreover, that he declare unto you,
particularly, the names of thofe that are to enter into this band, and
what forces they are able to make together. And to the end they '
may be the more encouraged herein, you may write plainly to the
faid Lord Claude, that you have charge of me to treat in this matter
with him. But, for your firil letter, I am not of opinion that you
difcover yourfelf farther unto him, nor unto any other at all, until
you have received anfwer of the faid King; which being conform
to this defign, then may you open more unto the faid Lord Claude;
fhewinghim, that to afflire himfelf of my fon, and to the end, (if it
be poflible) that things be pad and done under his name and autho-
rity, it (hall be needful to feize his perfon, in cafe that willingly he
cannot be brought to this enterprize ; yea, and that the fureft were
to deliver him into the King of Spain's hands, or the Pope*s, as fhall
be thought beft ; and that, in his abfence, he depute the faid Lord
Claude, his Lieutenant-general and Regent of the government of
Scotland, which you are affured I may be eafily perfuaded to confirm
and approve : for, if it be poflible, I will not, for divers refpeds, be
therein named, until the extremity. To perfuade hereunto the
Lord Claude, it Iball be good, that you afliire him, by all means you
can, of my good will towards him and his houfe ; that you promife
to travel to abolifli all remembrance or grief of his brother the Lord
of Arbrothe's proceedings ; and befides, that you indiredly put him
in hope, I fhall make him be declared lawful heir to the Crown of
Scotland, my fon failing without children ; and that thereunto I fliall
make the Catholic Princes of Chriftendom to condefcend to maintain
him in that right. This is all, which, for that country of Scotland, I
can drefs prefcntly, upon fo much as I know of the prefent eflate

E L I 7- A-
B R T H.

1586.

11$ I

t i

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222

STATE PAPERS.

^bVt^h^ of the affairs of Chriftendom ; charging you, very exprefsly, not to com-
1586. municate this to any other at all, either Englifh, French, or Scottifh ;
as alfo you (hall pray the faid Bernardino to do the like, and the faid
Lord Claude not to difcover by whom this motion is made unto him.
I have heard, that laft year there were i aoo /. appointed for my fon ;
advife the P. S. to make them be arretted, and preferved for the
negociation of this enterprize; for that which was before deli-
vered, was right evil difperfed and employed. Chartley this aoth
of May, 1586.

I can write nothing prefently unto the Lord Claude himfelf, for
want of an alphabet between me and him ; which now 1 fend you
here inclofed, without any mark on the back, that you may fend it
him. And if, by any nearer means, which I will eflai to find on this
* fide, I may write therein, I fliall not fail to remember, by the fame,

or the firft other I can find fittefl, the good teilimony and afTurance
you give me of this dutiful afie<fition towards me and my fervice.

Your letters dated the loth of April, with the whole mentioned
therein, I received of late j but have no leifure to anfwer thereunto,
by rcafon of the meffenger's hafte to be difpatched herewith, at this
day prefcribed for the purpofe. The want (hall be fupplied as foon
as I can. And whereas, here above, I promife to fend you an alpha-
bet for the Lord Claude ; I am even now put in hope of a mean
, of convoy, direftfrom hence, to Scotland, whereby I do intend to fend

the faid alphabet, and fo retain the fame for that way, as the fured
and fpcedieft. In the mean while, I would not omit to affiire you,
that it is my intention your penfion be continued in ready pay-
ment ; as I took good order therefore, and for his part, at dc Che-
roll js being here, whereof he can well inform you, if he lift.

Gilbert

STATE PAPERS.

* Gilbert CurlVs fuperfcription as followeth :

THIS letter I had firft written by the Queen my Miftrefs's own
hand, and gaye it her again ; which was firft written in French, and
after tranflated by me.

283

ELIZ A-

BBTH.

15864

Gilbert Curll.

2d September,
i58(>.

Indorfed two different ways thus :

Copy of Charles Paget, his letter.

AND

Curll's tranfcript of the Queen's letter.

• Thefe words are in the Lord Treafurer Burghley's hand-writing.

f 1

''■■■

;■' !

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i i ■■ .

''-if:

;i '1 . Ill

! ■ i I

■!■• J.

r- ,; .A'

!'iti.

' i1

No.

224

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.
1586.

No. XV.

:J.vO

Evidence agatnjl the ^een of Scots,

.. i I

[This report of the evidence againft the Queen of Scots at Fother-
ingay, and the confeffions of her Secretaries afterwards in the
Star Chamber, is much fuller than that given by Camden in his
hiftory, or the account printed in the State Trials ; and the crime
of compajfing and imagining Queen Elizabeth's death feems fully
proved againd her.]

Die Martis, xxv. OSiobris 1586.

'■ 1^ H E Commiflioners being all (except the Earls of Shrewf-

From a Copy

the poSon ^ ^^^ a"'! Warwick, and Sir Amias Paulet), affembled within
H**d^'k °*^ the Star Chamber, a recapitulation was made by her Majefty's
Privy Council, of all fuch proofs as had been made agai nil the Scots
Queen, before them at Fotheringay, &c. After which Nau and
Curie were brought perfonally before the Commiflioners, and, in their
prefences, did avow and maintain all their confeflions, examinations,
and fubfcriptions to be true, in fuch manner and form, as they have
written and made the fame. And they did, then and there, exprefsly
affirm and maintain, that the Scots Queen had received and read
Babington's letters, and that, by her diredion and exprefs com-
mandment, the anfwer unto all the points thereof, was returned unto
Babington in her name, according as in the letter is fet down.

Alfo, that, the fame 12th of July, fhe did write to the Lord Paget,
to Charles Paget, to Mendoza, to Sir Francis Inglcfield, and to the
Archbifliop of Glafcow, concerning Babington's plot, &c. Where-
upon the Lords and other the Commiflioners, conferred together in

fecret,

STATE PAPERS.

225

fecret, and afterwards, as it is faid, concluded upon their judgment. W^,^^^'

BET ri*

And they called in the Queen's Serjeants, the Attorney and Solicitor, 1586.
and before them, as it is faid, gave their fentences, by which all the
Commiflioners piefent, except the Lord Zouch, pronounced, that
the Scots Queen was privy, &c. and that (he had compafled and
imagined the death of her Majefty our Sovereign Lady, only the
Lord Zouch, as it is faid, gave his fentence, that {he was privy to
the compafling, pradifing, and imagining of her Majefty's death,
but he could not pronounce that (he had compafled, praftifcd, or
imagined the fame, &c. And then Mr. Sanders was called for in,
to take notice of this fentence.'

Note, That the Earl of Shrewfljury fent his judgment in writ-
ing, containing his confent unto the fame ; and fo afterwards did
the Earl of Warwick.

The Commiffion reciteth the Statute made in the 27th year of the
Queen's Majefty's reign, and authorifcth the Commiflioners to exa-
mine, whether Mary the Scots Queen, fince the ift of June, the
fame 27 ih year, hath compaifed or imagined any thing tending to
hurt the Queen's Majefty's perfon ; or whether fltie hath been privy,
that any other perfon hath compafl!ed or imagined any thing tending
to the hurl of her Highnefs's perfon, and thereupon to give fentence
or judgment, as upon good proof the matter (hall appear.

She was diredly charged by the Queen's Serjeants, that (lie had
compafll'd and imagined the death and deftrudlion of her Majefty,
and alfo was privy and confenting to the confpiracies and treafons of
Anthony Babington, and John Ballard, and their confederates, and
fo was within the compafs of both the faid articles of the ftatute and
commiflion.

For declaration whereof, firft, it was opened, that Ballard being
a fcminary prieft, and one that, by the fpace of five or fix years, had
ranged through many parts of tiie realm, difguifed in apparel, and
under fundry fcveral names, fcducing the Qiiccn's fubjcifts, and with-

G g drawing

■ I"

■■;?:
if

•iii...

£!*i

226

STATE PAPERS.

E L I Z A.
BETH.

1586.
S— -v^ '

drawing them from their due obedience, did go into France, in Lent
]aft pail ; and about a week after Eafler, had conference in Paris with
Charles Paget, Thomas Morgan, and Bernardino de Mendoza, the
Spanifh AmbaiTador there, touching the invading of this realm, by
foreign forces, rebellion to be ftirred amongft her Majefty's fubjeds,
and a ftrong party to be made to aflift and join with the invaders,
and the i.:cots Queen to be delivered. In which enterprize, Charles
Paget affirmed, that there was no hope to prevail during her Ma-
jefty's life.

Hereupon, Ballard was fent into England, by dircQion from
Charles Paget, and Mendoza, to folicit and pradtife the execution of
this their complot.

He returned to London upon Whitfunday, being the 22d of May,
and within four or five days after, he conferred with Eabington, and
acquainted him with all the whole plot of thefe treafons.

In this conference, Babington and Ballard refolved, that all foreign
power and invafion were in vain, unlefs the Queen's Majefty were
taken away. Whereupon they concluded, that fix gentlemen fhould
undertake the killing of her Majefty, and that Savage, who before
that time was folicited at Rheims to execute that wicked adlion
alone, and thereupon had vowed to perform that accordingly, and
was come into England for that purpofe, fhould forbear to attempt
it alone, and (hould be one of the fix ; and at the time of the exe-
cution thereof, Babington, and certain others with him, fhould de-
liver the Scots Queen.

Thefe things, with many other material circumftances and parts of
their treafons, were diredly and voluntarily confefled, by divers of
the principal confpjrators, both before and at their arrangement, as
appears by the record ; whereupon, to their deferts, and the juftice
of the law, they were attainted and accufcd.

After this declaration thus made, the proof againft the Scots Queen
was entered into, and profecuted, as hereafter foUoweth.

Firft,

STATE PAPERS.

227

FIfft, was read a confeflion made by Babington, written all ^Jip\^,/"
with his own hand, and delivered to the Lord Chancellor, Lord 1586.
Treafurer, and Mr. Vice Chamberlain, voluntarily and frankly, be-
fore he was committed to the Tower ; wherein he fctteth down at
large, about four years paft, being in Paris, that he did there grow
acquainted with Thomas Morgan, who brought him to the Bifliop
of Glafcow, Ambaflador Ledger in France for the Queen of Scots,
and they both recommended their Miftrefs unto him, as a moft wife
and virtuous Catholic Princefs, declaring the certain expeQation of
her future greatnefs in this land, by reafon of the undoubted title to
this Crown, as next in fucceflion.

And after his return in England, they, by their letters, commended
him to her fervice; whereupon, fhe wrote unto him a letter of
congratulation.

After which he was foHcited by other letters from Morgan, to be
an intelligencer for her, and convey her letters and packets.

This courfe of fervice he continued for the fpace of two years; and
about a quarter of a year before her remove from the Earl of Shrewf-
bury's keeping, left it off, and difcontinued the fame until July laft.
At which time he received from her a fhort letter in cypher, by a
boy unknown unto him, fignifying her difcontent for breach of their
intelligence, requiring the fame to be renewed. And that fhe would
fend fome packets unto him, which fhe had received from Thomas
Morgan, in April laft before.

He doth alfo fet down at large, what conference pafTed between
Ballard and him, and the whole plot of the confpiracies and
trcafons.

He declarcth further, that he did write a letter to the Scots Queen,
touching every particular of this their plot, and fent it by the fame
unknown boy.

Unto which fhe anfwered, twenty or thirty days after, in the
famcc^'phcr, by which he wrote unto her, but by another mcfTenger;

G g 2 the

■: U

9- i

f4^

228

STATE PAPERS.

ilic tenor of both which letters he carried fo well in memory, that
he reported and fct down fully all the principal points of the fame,
as upon conference of his faid declaration; with the copies of the
fame letters, it appeareth.

He affirmcth alfo, that he (hewed the letter of Queen of Scots
to Titchbornc, who did aflift him in the decyphering of the fame ;
and that he fliewcd a copy thereof to Ballard and others.

After the reading of Babington's declaration aforefaid, a part of
BSllard's examination was likewife read, concurring with the fame;
wherein he affirmeth, that Babington fhewed him a copy of the
letter which he did write to the Queen of Scots ; and alfo a part of
the letter which the Scots Queen did write for anfwcr to him, the
whole not being then decyphercd ; and fetteth down, very certainly,
divers material points of the fame. , ,

Titchborne and Dunne, in their feveral examinations, do alio
affirm that Babington did impart unto them the fame letter from the
Queen of Scots ; and do likewife report fundry particularities of
the fame, and Titchborne affirmeth farther, that he, at Babingtoa's
requeft, did write a great part of the fame, as Babington did de-
cypher it, and read it unto him.

After this was read a copy of the letter written by Babington to
the Scots Queen, wherein thefe material and effedlual parts were,
and are to be noted. Firft, he termed her his dread Sovereign Lady
and Queen, and acknowledged all fidelity and obedience to her only.

He fignifieth unto her, that upon advertifement by Ballard from
beyond the feas, of the purpofe of certain foreign powers to invade
this realm, he hath now ftaid on purpofe to do her facred Majefty
one day's good fervice.

That he communicated this his purpofe to fuch of the friends as
he heft trufted ; and faith, that upon conference with them, he hath
found thefe things, firfl to be advifed in this great and honourable
a£tion, upon the iffiae whereof depended her life, and the weal and
honour of our country.

firft,

STATE PAPERS.

229

Firft, for afiuring of the invafion, fufficienl ftrength In the in- ^■,1'.},7'J^'
vaders, ports to be appointed for the foreign Princes to arrive at, 1586.
with a Hrong party at every place to join with them, to warrant
their landing. Then, the deliverance of the Scots Queen, and the
difpatching of the ufurping competitor, the cfFedting whereof he doth
vow and proteft, or clfe their lives to be loft in the execution
thereof. • . ,

In all thefe particular points, he prayeth her direction, and for tli^
avoiding of delay, that flie by her princely authority would enable
fuch as may advance the atTair ; feeing that It is neceflary, that fome
there be that become heads, to lead the multitude, ever difpofed by
nature, in this land, to follow the nobility : he offereth alfo, to re-
commend fome unto her, fit. In his knowledge, to be her Lieutenants
in the Weft Parts, North Wales, and the countries of Lancafter^
Derby, and Stafford.

He promifeth, that himfelf, with ten gentlemen, and one hundred
of their followers, would deliver her from her keeper.

And for the difpatch of the Ufurper (from the obedience of whom
he faith, that by the excommunication of her, they were made free)>
fix noble Gentlemen, all his private friends, would undertake that
tragical execution.

He prayeth her, that by her wifdom it be reduced to method, and
that her deliverance be fir ft, for that thereupon depended their only
good, and all other circumftances fo to concur, that the untimely
beginning of one, do not overthrow the reft.

He fubfcribeth ' ''

Your Majefty*8 faithful fubje£tr

and fworn fervant,

Anthony Babington.

Then.

<: ,'i

ii^if^

:^i

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I

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230

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.

BETH.

1586.

Then was read a copy of the Scots Queen's letter to Babington,
in anfwcr of his, whereby flie termeth him trufty and vveli-beloved ;
fhe commendeth his zeal and entire affedion towards her; fhc ac-
cepteth and alloweth his offers; Ihe declareth, that {he hath long
time dealt with foreign Princes touching thefe actions, always put-
ting them in mind, how dangerous their delays were to the Catho-
lics. She willeth him to affure their principal friends, that albeit
ike had not in this caufe any particular intered, that which Hie may
pretend, being of no confideration unto her, in refpeft of the public
good of the State, fhe would be always ready and mod willing to em-
ploy herein her life, and all that (he hath, or may ever look for in
this world.

To ground fubftantially this enterprize, fhe advifeth to examine
deeply.

I ft. What forces they could raife within tire realm, and what
Captains to be appointed in every fhire, in cafe a chief General can-
not be had.

2. Of what towns, ports, and havens, they could affure them-
felves, as well in the North, as Weft and South, to receive fuccours
from the Low Countries, Spain and France.

3d. What places they cfteemed moft fit, and of greateft advantage,
to affemble their forces at, and which way and whither to march.

4th. What foreign forces, as well on horfe, as on foot, they re-
quired, and for how long pay.

5th. What provifion of money and armour, in cafe they wanted,
they would afk.

6th. By what means the fix gentlemen did deliberate to proceed.

7th. And the manner how fhe was to be delivered out of hold.

She devifeth, that after they had amongft themfelves taken their
beft refolution, that then they fhould impart the fame to Mendoza,
and (he promifeth to write unto him of the matter, with all the

earncft

examine

STATE PAPERS.

231

earned recommendation (he could ; and alfo to any elfe that flaould ^bVth^ *
be needful. '5«6. ^

The affairs being thus prepared, and forces in readinefs both with-
out and within the realm, fhc faith, that then ihall it be time to fet
the fix Gentlemen to work; taking order, upon the accomplilh-
ing of their defign, that (he Ihould be fuddenly tranfported from the
place of her reftraint, and all their forces to be at the fame time in
the field, and meet her, in tarrying for the arrival of tlve foreign aiidt
which muft be haftened with all diligence. " *

And for that there can be no certain day appointed for the accom-
plifhing of the faid Gentlemen's defignment, fhe willeth, that others
may be in a readinefs to take her from thence ; that the faid Gentle-
men have always about them (or at the leaft at the Court), four ftout
men, with fpccdy horfes, to difpatch by divers ways, fo foon as the
faid defign fhould be executed, to bring intelligence to thofe which
fhould undertake her deliverance, fo that (he might be taken from
the keeper, before he could hear of the execution of the faid defign,
or at the leaft, before he could remove her to any other place, or for-
tify the place wherein (he remained; and at the fame inftant to eflay
to cut off the pofts ordinary ways.

She giveth earncft warning not to ftir on this fide, before they be
well aflured of foreign forces, nor to take her away, before they
were well aflured, to fet her in the midft of a good army, or fome
very good ftrength, where flie might fafcly ftay for the aflembly of
their forces, and arrival of foreign Princes.

She referreth to Babington to aflure the Gentlemen above men-
tioned, of all that fliall be requifite of her part, for the entire exe-
cution of their good will.

She proinifeth to eflay, at the fame time that the work ftiall be in
hand in thefe parts, to make the Catholics of Scotland to arife, and
put her fon into their hands, to cffeA that, from thence, htr enemiea
here may not prevail of any fuccour.

4 Sbe

t ' ; ,

liJ

«52

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA
BETH.

1586.

She wlUeth alfo, foine ilirring ia Ireland were laboured, for to
begin fome while before any thing were done here, to the end that
the alarm might be given thereby, on the flat contrary fide that the
ilroke (hould come.

That for a General, it were good to found obfcurcly the Earl of
Arundell, or fome of his brethren : and likcwife to feek upon the
young Earl of Northumberland, if he be at liberty ; and the Earl of
Weftmorland, and the Lord Paget, Ihould be brought home fecreily ;
and with them fome more of the principal baniihed men ihould
return.

She diredeth three means for her delivery ; viz. fifty or thrcefcore
to deliver her from her keeper, when flie was riding to take air on
the moors between Chartley and Stafford.

Or to fet fire in the barns and ftables at Chartley, in the night-time,
and when her guardian fervants fliould go forth to quench the fire,
then the others to enter and take her away.

Or to caufe fome of the carts, which came with provifion very
early, to be overturned in the great gates, by pradlice with the cart-
drivers, fo that the gates could not be fhut, and then thole which
were appointed for her delivery, to enter the houfe upon the fuddcn,
and to take her away.

Finally, (he requireth, for God's fake, that albeit they cannot com-
pafs her delivery, yet notwithftanding they fliould not let to proceed
in the reft of the enterprize.

She concludeth, what iflue foever the matter takcth, (he will think
herfelf obliged to Babington fo long as ihe liveth, for his offer to
hazard himfelf (as he doth) for her delivery.

Both thefe copies of the two feveral before-mentioned letters, were
advifedly perufed by Babington, and thereupon he did voluntarily
confefs the fame to be the true copies of his letter to the Scots Queen,
andof heranfwer to the fame, and for aflirmation thereof, hefubfcribed
his name to every page of boUi the faid copies with his own hand.

STATE PAPERS.

233

In doing whereof, he was fo circumfpc£l and careful, that finding ^-^'JJ./"

BET H.

two -or three words miftaken in the writing of the copy of the letters*
he ftruck out the fame, before he did fubfcribe it.

Hereupon, it was urged and inferred by her Majefty*s learned
Ck}uncil, that if Babington's letter came to the Scots Queen's hands,
then it wUs apparent that fhe was privy to the confpiracy for the
taking away of her Majefty's life. And likewife, if ihe did write
unto Babington to fuch effed, as in his declaration written with his
own hand, and in the fame copy recognized and fubfcribed by him,
is contained, then it cannot be avoided, but that (he did not only
compafs and imagine, but did alio pradife, the deftru€tion of her
Highnefs, and fo was diredly within both the parts of the commif-
fion and (latute.

Hereunto, the Scots Queen, after her proteftation, anfwered, that
{he never faw nor knew Babington ; and denied that Hie received any
fuch letter from him, or that (he wrote any fuch letter to him, or that
{he was privy to his confpiracies, or that (he did ever pra£tife, com-
pafs, imagine, or was privy of any thing to the de(lru£tion of her
Majefty, or to the hurt of her perfon ; confeffmg neverthelefs, that
{he had ufed Babington as an intelligencer for her, and for the con*
veying of letters and packets.

And (he added further, that {he was not to be charged, but either
by her word, or by her writing, and fhe was fure they had neither
the one nor the other to lay againfl; her.

After which anfwer, fo by her made, divers other matters were
alleged, and {hewed forth, to prove that fhe did receive the fame
letters from Babington, and did alfo write anfwer unto him, as the
before-mentioned copies did purport; with farther proof, as hereafter
followeth :

Firft, it was inferred, that fince both the letters were written in
the cypher ufed between the Scots Queen and Babington, and all
the points of Babington's letter dlretStly and effedually anfwered by

Hh the

i;f!6.

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1 1''

' 1

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iili..

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STATE PAPERS.

E I, I Z A-

BETH.

1586.

the other, it cannot be, but that dxe received his letter, and (o made
the anfwer unto the fame ; and the alphabet of the fame cypher being
found amongil papers, and Hiewed to Dabington, he acknowledged
and thereupon fubfcribed his name to the fame, as it appeared.

Alfo, the imparting of the fame letter by Babington to Titch-
borne, who did help to decypher part of it, and to B?llard, Dunne,
and others, when he was at liberty, and feared not the difcovery of
his treafons, but hoped then, within ihort time, to bring the fame to
his defired effed:, is a ftronger proof of the fame letters.

Befides the voluntary declarations and confeflions of the fame
letters by Babington, Ballard, Titchborne, and Dunne, after their
apprehenfion, and their conftant perfifting in the fame, before and
after the time of ihcir arraignment, and till their death, without re-
tracing any part thereof, enforceth greatly the credit of the fame.

And there is no likelihood or probability that Babington, or any
one, would of himfclf devife and impute to others, a matter of fo
great importance and extreme danger.

Then it was added further, that befides the matters before men-
tioned, it was manifefl;, as well by the declarations and confeflions
of Nau and Curie, her fervants and fecretarics, fubfcribed with their
own hands, without torture or conftraint, and by their voluntary oaths
verifying the fame, that the Scots Queen did receive the fame letter
from Babington, and caufed the fame to be dccyphered, and after
advice, reading, and confideration thereof, caufed the laid anfwer to
be written to Babington in her name.

And for proof thereof, it was alleged, that the copies of the fame
letters being ihewed by feme of the Lords of the Council, to Nau
and Curie, they, upon reading and perufing thereof, fubfcribed their
names thereunto, affirming the fame, and acknowledging that the
Scots Qiieen received the fame from Babington, and thereupon flie
did give diredion for the writing of the other unto him ; which was
verified, by flicwing forth the fame copies lb fubfcribed by them.

And

fame
to Nau
ed their
hat the
ion flie
ich was

STATE PAPERS.

^35

And Nan fetteth down In writing with his own hand, the 6th of \^e'/h'^'
September, that the Scots Queen did commonly hold this courfe, in 'S^^.
receiving and writing of letters of fecrecy and importance, viz.
that all letters written to her, were opened in her Cabinet, in her
own prefence, and decyphcrcd by her own commandment ; and fuch
letters as ffie did write to others, (he did firft cither write the fame in
French with her own hand, or give di- 'on to Nau to write the
fame ; after which, the fame being peruiec oy her, or read unto her,
if they were to be written in Englifli, then did Curie tranflate them
out of French into Englifli, and did eftfoons read them unto her, the
fame being fo tranflated ; which being done. Curie did put the fame
in cypher, and fo they were fent away. He affirmeth farther, in his
faid declaration, that the Scots Queen gave direction for the writing
of the faid letter to Babington, and that in the writing thereof, the
courfe aforefaid was holden.

There was alfo Ihewed forth a paper written by Nau, containing
ftiort minutes and notes of the principal points of Babington's letter,
and of the Scots Queen's letter to Babington, which was found
amongft her papers at Chartley, which being {hewed unto Nau by
fome of the Lords of the Council, he upon fight thereof confefled
it to be his own hand, faying, that upon reading Babington's letter
to the Scots Queen, and her direction given for the anfwering of tlic
fame, he did fet down the fame notes, to ferve as a memorial for
him, for the writing of other letters ; and this his confefllon, in that
behalf, did he fubfcribe in the fame paper, with his own hand, in
prefence of the faid Lords, and put his name thereunto; and after,
in another examination, affirmeth the fame.

In this paper, amongft other points, is contained Le Coitp^ which
can hardly beconftrued to be meant otherwife.than tlic blow or ftroke
for killing of her Majefty, being written upon fomc occafion, and
to fuch end, as Nau hath declared, as is aforefaid.

H h 2 Alfo,

■;:• vi

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236

STATE PAPERS.

Alfo, Curie perufing an abftrafl of the principal points of both
the faid letters, did confefs and affirm the fame, and thereupon, be-
fore the faid Lords, did with his own hand fubfcribe his faid affirm-
ation, and put his name thereunto.

The fame points were put into French by Nau, and written all
with his own hand, and by him likewife confefTed to be the matter*
contained in the fame letters, and thereupon alfo he did fubfcribe his
name to the fame.

IBefides, Nau being examined before the Lords aforefaid, the sifb
of September, touching the faid letters, faid that Curie did decypher
Babington's letter to the Scots Queen, and after he (the faid Nau) did
read it unto her, and fhe refolved to make anfwer unto the fame.

And faith further, that he took the points contained in the Scots
Queen'i letter to Babington, of her own mouth, from point to point>
In the fame manner as he put in writing ; whereupon he did draw
the letter in French, and after brought it unto her, and fhe correded
it in fuch fort as it was fent to Babington. And faith, that the Scots
Queen delivered unto him by her own fpeech, thefe points follow-
ing, for anfwer of Babington's letter, upon confideration of the fame
letter from Babington, wherein the lame points were contained, viz.

What forces were to be had here, what havens and ports, what
places fittefl for the forces to affemble ; what foreign forces they re-
quired ; what provifion, money, and armour ; by what means the
fix Gentlemen meant to proceed; and the manner how fhe was to
be delivered out of hold.

He faith alfo, that the claufe of the affociation upon pretence to
withftand the Puritans, was devifed by the Scots Queen herfelf, and
was by her direction put into the faid letter ; and fo likewife, the
other claufe that the fix Gentlemen fhould have fome flout men well
horfed, to give fpecdy intelligence when the defignment fhould be
executed.

This

STATE P A P E Pv S.

237

Thi» examinaticn of Nau was firft fet down in EngUfli) accord- ^Jt} ^ A-

B E T H.

ing as he delivered it by fpeech, and being read unto him, he did
fubfcribe his name unto the fame, and after, upon perufal and further
confideration thereof, he did fet down in French with his own hand
the fubftance thereof. .1

Curie being likewife examined before the faid Lords, the faid 2 1 ft
September, faith, that he decyphered Babington's letter to the Scots
Queen, and then the fame was read unto her by Nau, whereupon (he
direiled Nau to draw an anfwer unto the fame, which he drew in
French, and read it unto her; which being done. Curie put it into
Englinx by her commandment, and after, read it unto Nau, and
then, by her commandment, Curie put it into cypher.

He faith, that the fame her letter to Babington had thefe parts*
viz. What forces may be raifed here ; what havens and ports pro-
vided ; what place fitted for the forces to afTemble ; what foreign
forces they required ; what provifion, money, and armour, they
would aflc; by what means the fix Gentlemen meant to proceed, and*
how they meant to deliver her out of hold. And that the fame letter
contained a claufe alfo, that the fix Gentlemen fhould have four
ftout men, well horfcd,. to give advertifement fo foon as the defign-
ment fliould be executed ; and contained three means for her delivery
out of hold ; and had alfo a device for an aflbciation to be pre-
tended againfl the Puritans. He f?.i*h alfo, fhe willed him to burn
the Engliflj copy of the letters fent to Bat •ngton.

Thefe examinations of Nau and Carle were fubfcribed with
their own hands, and affirmed upon their oaths, "oluntarily
taken before the Lords and Judges, and fo fome of the faid
Lords and judges did openly affirm. ' ** '

All thefe confeffions and declarations, examinations and fubfcrip-
tions, of Nau and Curie, were verified by the oath of Mr. Thomas
Powell, Clerk of the Crown, who was prefent when they did write and*
depofc the fame, and being flicvved to the Scots Queen, flic confefled

the

1586,

Jt'

i'*:

I 'i

238

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- ^c fame to be the hands of Nau and Curie ; albeit, as (he faid, Nau

1S86.

had not written his name as he did ufually accuftom to (ign ; but fhe
denied earneflly, that (he did ever receive the fame letter from Ba-
bington, or write the other unto him, whatfoever Nau and Curie had
faid or depofed, faving fhe did take them to be honeft men ; but flie
did not know what apprehenfion> torture, fear, or hope of favour,
might make in them.

After thefe proofs thus produced and (hewed, it was alleged fur-
ther, that the Scots Queen had not only intelligence by Babington of
Bailard's negociation in France, from the agents in France, and with
what diredion, and for what purpofe he was fent from thence into
England, but had alfo the like intelligence out of France, from
her agents there.

And thereupon was fhewcd forth a copy of a letter written to the
Scots Queea by Charles Paget the 26th of May i^Q6,Jiih ttovof
which v«ras decyphered by Curie, and being (hewed to him by fome
of the Lords, the 25th of September, he confelTed the fame, as well
by fpeech, as by his own voluntary fubfcription, and putting his
name thereunto. Whereby Charles Paget did fignify what confe-
rence Ballard had with him and Mendoza ; and what plot they had
levied for the invafion of the realm, and ilirring of rebellion} and
what directions Mendoza had given unto Ballard.

It was alfo alleged, that after the Scots Queen had received the
faid letter from Babington, and had written anfwer, point for point,
to the fame, and given direction, touching the whole plot, promifing
withal to write to Mendoza, and to any elfe that (hcmld be needful,
(he did, accordingly, the 27th of July, make difp?.ich of five feve-
ral letters, all touching the fame adion, viz. three into France,
one to Mendoza, another to Charles Paget, and the third to the
Bifhop of Glafcowj and two into Spaini one to the Lord Paget, and
aaother to Sir Fraacis Inglefield.

She

STATE PAPERS.

«39

She wrote to Mendoza, that fhe was fo difcouraged from entering Eliza-
into any new purfuita, feeing the fmall efFc£l of thofe in times paft, 1586. '
that flie fliut up her eyes to divers overtures and propofitiuns that
were made unto her by the Catholics within fix msnths pafl, having
no means to give them found anfwer.

But upon that, which of late again {he undcrftood of the good
intention of the King of Spain towards thefe quarrels> flie had writ-
ten very amply to the principal of the faid Catholics, upon a dcfign
which fhe fcnt, with her advice upon every point, to refolve amoiigft
themfelves, for the execution thereof; and for fear of lofs of time,
{he gave them order to difpatch unto Mendoza, with all diligence, ol 3
from among them, fufficiently inftrufted to treat with him, according
to the general propofitiona which have been already made unto him,
of all things which they were to demand of him in that affair witit
the King his Mafter.

Further, {he anfwereth him on their behalf, upon their faith and
word given unto her, that they would faithfully and fincerely ac-
complifh, with the hazard of their lives, that which they {hould
promife by their Deputy, and therefore praycth Mendoza to give
all credit therein, as if herfelf had dtfpatched him.

She faith further, that fhe wu!d inform Mendoza with the means
of her efcape, which fhe would take upon hef to perform, fo as a-
fore hand {he may be aflurcd of fufficicnt forces to receive and pre^
ferve her within the land, whilft all the armies may aflemble.

The original draught of this letter written in French by Nau, and
by him fubfcribed and confcfled, was fhewcd to the Scots Queen,
which {he confelTed to be his hand, but faid, it was nothing to this
matter.

There is alfo a copy of the fame in Englifli, of Nau's hand, and
fubfcribed and figncd by him.

She did write unto Charles Paget, that, upon return of BallaRl, the
principal of the Calholics did impart unto her, their intention and

6 conference

■(.i.-i

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9^0

STATE PAPERS.

^iETit' '^^'^^^^^^^^ *® *^*' which Charles Paget wrote, but more particularly
■ S^^- afking her diredion for the execution of the whole, and that fhe
jnade them a very ample difpatch, containing the device, point by
point, in all things requifite, as well on this fide, as without the
realm, to bring their defignment to good efFed.

That Hie direded them, that for lofing no time, having taken re-
folution amongfl them, upon her difpatch, they would make haftc
to impart the fame to Msndoza, fending over therewith, either the
faid Ballard, or fome other the moft faithful and fecret they could
find. That fhe promifed to write to Mendoza, as flie did prefently,
to give credit to the (aid meffenger. So that if the Pope and King of
Spain had even intention to provide for the ifle, the occafion is pre-
fently offered, very advantageous, finding all the Catholics therein
univerfally fo difpofed and forward, as there is more ado to keep
them back, than put them forward.

That for all difficulties which Mendoza could allege, as for get-
ting her forth of hold, or otherwife, he fhould be thereof fuffici-
ently cleared and fatisfied.

That it refteth only to purfue, fo hotly as can be, both in Rome and
Spain, the grant of fupport requifite, of horfemen, footmen, arms,
munition, and money.

That her opinion is, and that fo (he hath written to the Catholics,
that nothing be ftirred on this fide, before they have fufficient pro-
mife and affurance of the Pope and King of Spain, for the ac-
xomplifliment of that which is required of them.

That ihe would have fcnt to Paget, a copy of her difpatch to the
Catholics, were it not that (he is fure, that, by the melTenger, he (hould
know more thereof than (lie can write, he being to carry into thofe
parts the refolution of the whole, and for the fame refpedt (he re-
ferred the Lord Paget to be thereof informed by Charles Paget.

She ihanketh him for the fixty crowns he gave to Ballard, pro-
mifing to make him reimburfed of the fame, by the Ambaflador.

She

STATE PAPERS.

241

She rcqu'ueth to know how he hath proceeded with the Lord E ^' ' z A-
* * B K 1 11.

Claude, in the matter whereof (he wrote unto him not long fince,
which being well effected, fhould well concur with the entcrprize
here.

Two original draughts of this letter were fliewed forth, one in
French, written by Nau, the other in Englifh, written by Curie,
which they confefled by their fubfcriptions, and affirmed by their
oaths, before fome of the Lords, as Mr. Thomas Powell did then
depofe.

She did write to the Lord Paget, that fhe doubted not, but he
had underftood by his brother, the overture which a deputy for the
Catholics in this realm, had made on their behalf to Mendoza :
whereupon, not long fince fhe wrote very amply to the principal of
the Catholics, for to have, upon a plot which fhe had dreflcd for
them, their common refolution ; and for to treat accordingly with
the King of Spain, (he addrefTed them to the Lord Paget.

She requireth him to confider deeply the faid plot, and all the par-
ticularities neccflfary for the execution of it ; namely, for the fupport-
ing of men, armour, munition and money ; which muft be obtained
of the Pope, and of the King of Spain. She requireth to folicit the
matter there, and to enter betime, becaufe all negociations in that
Court are drawn to great length.

This was alfo firft drawn in French by Nau, and after put into
Englifh by Curie, and both the original draughts of their own hands
were fhewed forth, which they had confeflfed and fubfcribed before
the Lords, and affirmed the fame by their oaths, as Mr. Thomas
Powell did alfo depofe.

She did write to Sir Francis Inglefield, to give thanks to the King
of Spain, for the 12,000 crowns ; affiiring him, that the fame fliould
be employed to none other ufe, but to the accomplifhment of her
efcape.

I i That

1586.

f ;

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242

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.
BETH.

1586.

» M I

That ihe feareth the bruit which runneth, of a peace between the
King of Spain and this Queen, fliall retire many to purfue the de-
fignment of an enterprize of new dreffed here.

That the principal Catholics of England having, about Eafter laft,
made their complot together, to rife in Leicefter's abfence (myfelf
not having wherewith to give them a fubflantial anfwer), fent one
from amongft them to Charles Paget, who made their meflfenger to
declare their defignment to Mendoza, to know if his Mafter the
KJog of Spain would hearken thereunto.

Whereupon all good hope being brought back again unto them,
as they fignified unto her, and finding the fame in manner con-'
firmed by Inglefield's letter ; ihe made then a very ample difpatcb>
by which, upon a plot which fhe had drefled for them, fhe gave them
her advice, point by point, in every thing neceflary for the execution
thereof, and remitting them to take refolution thereupon.

That for to lofe no time, without fending again unto her, they
{hculd difpatch, with all diligence, fome one in their names, chofen,
faithful, and fufficiently inftruded) to Mendoza.

To impart unto him particularly the plot of their enterprize, and
to require fuch fupport as is neceflary of men on foot and horfe, as alfo
of armour, munition, and money ; of which things, before they had
fufHcient promife and aflfurance, not to ilir on this fide.

That fhe had cleared the grea^eft difHculty, which has always been
objeded in the like enterprize, viz. her efcape out of hold, and (he
hopeth to execute the fame aflfuredly, as they (hall defign it.

That, if a peac>^ le made in France, her coufin of Guife, having al-
ready great forces, may employ the fame here, on a fudden, before
the Queen be aware.

Of this letter there was alfo (hewed for the two original draughts,
one written in French by Nau, the other in EngU(h by Curie; which
they had likewife confeiTed and fubfcribed before the Lords, and con-
firmed by their oaths, as Mr. Powell depofed.

4 She

STATE PAPERS.

«43

She did write another letter to the Bifliop of Glafcow, which, for ^g^p/q^H^"
that, in thefe points, it did in fubftance concur with the former, i;86.
containing alfo fundry other matters, not pertinent to this accord,
was not read, but the firft draught in French written by Nau, and
by him confefled and fubfcribed before the Lords, was only (hewed
forth, for the verifying of the fame.

After that, the original draughts of thefe letters to Mendoza, and
Charles Paget, were (hewed to the Scots Q^een, and were confefTed
by her, to be the hand-writing of Nau and Curie ; (he refufed to fee
the draught of fundry other letters hereafter mentioned, which were
likewife offered to be (hewed unto her, faying, (he cared not whether
the fame were written by them or not, and acknowledging withal,
that about that time (he made feveral difpatches, to fuch effeds as
thefe letters did purport, which was, concerning aid to be procured
for her delivery, faying, that the fame was nothing touching the mat-
ter wherewith (he was charged.

Hereupon it was urged, that this letter concurring directly, in mat-
ter and circumflances, with Babington's letter to her, and her anfwer
to the fame, did prove evidently that (he received the one, and did
write the other, and fo was privy, and a compafTer and praftifer of
the defign of the death of her Majefty, and on this behalf thefe par-
ticularities were fpecially voted.

She writeth to Mendoza, Charles Paget, and the reft, that the
Catholics did fignify unto her their intentions, and that (he made
them an ample difpatch, giving her advice upon every point, point
by point, upon conference together of Babington's letter to her, with
her anfwer to the fame j this appeareth to be true, for by his, (lie
hath intelligence of their plot and intention, and by the other (he
giveth her direction and advice, point by point.

In her letter to Charles Paget, (he writeth, that upon the return
of Ballard, the principal of the Catholics had imparted unto her their
ir^lcntions, conformable to that which Charles Paget wrote unto her;

li 2 but

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BETH.

i;86.

but more particularly upon conference of Babington's letter with that
of Charles Paget of the 29th of May, it appeareth, that Babington
fetteth down fundry particularities of the plot, more than are con»
tained in Paget's letter.

In her letter to Babington, (he promifeth to write to Mendoza,
and others, and in thofe which (he did write to Mendoza, Charles
raget.> occ flie writeth, that Ihe had given fuch direction ; and ac-
cordingly Baliard was prepared and ready to have taken that journey,
if he had not been prevented by his apprehenfion, as is confefTed by
Ballard, Babington, and Savage.

She writeth to Charles Paget, &c. that the difficulty which hath
been objected, touching her delivery out of hold, is cleared, and that
ihe hopeth to have it executed. alTuredly, according to her def]gn»
ment.

And accordingly, in Babington's letter to her, and her anfvver to
the fame, the manner and means of her efcape is fct down at large.

In her letter to Charles Paget, Ihe faith, (lie hath written to the
Catholics, that no ftirring (hall be on this fide, before they have
fufficient promife and afTurance for the accomplifhment of that which
is required of the Pope and King of Spain : and in this her letter of
anfwer to Babington, it appeareth, tliat fhc did write to that effeCi',

In her letter to Sir Francis Inglefield. (he writeth, that for Scot*
land, (he is about to pradife that her enemies may have no fuccour
thence* i • . 1 :' '

And accordingly, in her letter to Babington, (he writeth, that
(he would cflay, at the time that the work (hould be in hand in
thefe parts, to make the Catholics of Scotland to arife, and put her
fon in their hands, to the effedt that from thence her enemies may
not prevail of any fuccours; and withal willeth, that fome ftirring in
Ireland were laboured for, to begin fome while before, to the end the
alarm may be given on the flat contrary fide that the Aroke (hould
come.

Both

STATE PAPERS.

Both which hei devices have not failed of their fucccfs, for tlicrc
have been (lirs and troubles both in Scotland and Iteland, the latter
eud of this Summer.

And vrhere the Scots Queen confcflcd, that flic had written to
procure invadon and rebellion, and feemed to juUif'y the Came as
lawful, for to obtain thereby her delivery, it was faid, that being
within the realm, and protcdlcd by the laws, and fo fubjcd to the
fame, flie might not ufc thofc means to compafs her delivery,
whereby the Queen's life was apparently fought ; for invafion and
deftrudion of her Majefty are fo linked together, that they cannot
be fingle; for if the invader fliould prevail, no doubt they would
not fuffer her Majefty to continue neither government nor her life;
and in cafe of rebellion, the fame reafon holdcth.

It was further alleged, that, befules thefe fevcral letters before
mentioned, flie did, about the time that thefe things were in hand*
write divers letters to fundry other perfons beyond the fcas, wherein
ihe taketh herfclf to be the Sovereign of this realm, containing fundry
matters very dangerous as well to our Sovereign the Queen's Mnjcfty,
as to the whole ftate of this realm. By which her intentions, in the
matters wherewith flie is now charged, may the better appear.

The 20th of May 1586, fhe did write to Charles Paget to pratTlifc
with the Spanifh Ambaffador in France, to ftir the King of Spain to
invade the realm, and to take revenge on the Queen's MajcRy.

That the fureft and readieft way to rid himfelf altogether from tins
Queen's malice, is, by purging the fpring of the malign humours.

That by this long patience, he hath not prevailed any thing, and
that there is no other means to fet up again the King of Sp^iin's
affairs in the Low Countries, and to affure his eftate in all other partsj
than in re-eftablifliing this realm under a Prince his friend.

That if he deliberate, to fct in this Qiieen, he ailureth himfelf of
Scotland, either to fcrve him, or to be fo bridled, as not to ferve hh
enemy.

That

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ill

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ELIZA.

BETH.

1586.

That (he will travel by all means, to make her Ton to enter into
the enterprize, or, if he cannot be pcrfuaded thereunto, then (he will
drefs a fecret league and bond amongd the Catholic Lords of that
country, to join with the King of Spain.

That fhe will make her fon to be delivered into the hands of the
Pope, or King of Spain, with padion to fet him at liberty whenfo-
ever (he (hall devifc, or after their death, himfelf, being Catholic,
(hall dcfire, without that ever the King of Spain (hould pre-
tend or attempt any thing to the prejudice of her fon (if he yield
him Catholic), in the fuccefTion of that Crown.

That a Regent (liould be eftablifhed in Scotland, to govern in the
abfence of her fon, and for that purpofe named the Lord Claude
Hambleton, alias Hamilton.

That (he (hould write to the Lord Claude to procure him to draw
the Catholic Lords of Scotland, to be at the King of Spain's devotion.
That, after anfwer received from the King of Spain, conformable to
this dcfign, then Charles Paget to write plainly to the Lord Claude,
that he hath charge from her to deal with the Lord Claude in this
matter, fliewing that it is needful to feize her fon's perfon, if he can-
not be willingly drawn to this enterprize, and that the next way
were to deliver him in to the Pope or the King of Spain.

That Charles Paget fliould indireftly put the Lord Claude in hope,
that (he will make him to be declared lawful heir to the Crown of
Scotland, her fon failing without children, and that (he will procure
the Catholic Princes of Chriftendom to condefcend thereunto.

She chargeth him not to communicate thefe things to %ny, either
Englifh, or French, or Scottifh, and to pray Mendoza, an^ the Lord
Claude, to do the like.

The letter was firft drawn in French by Nan, and then tranflated
in Engli(h, and after put into cypher by Curie, and an extradl of the
principal points thereof, was confefled and fubfcribed before fome of
the Lords the 25th of September, which was openly read and (hewed
forth.

Then

STATE PAPERS.

Then was read another letter, which the Scots Queen wrote to
Mendoza, the fame aoth of May, concurring with the former to
Charles Paget, wherein (lie wrttcth, that Charles Paget had a large
commif^ion from her, to impart to Mendoza certain overtures on her
behalf.

That there was another point depending thereupon, which flic
had referved to write to Mendoza liimfelf, to be fent to the King his
Mafler, on her behalf j no man elfe, if it were poflible, being privy
thereunto, viz. That confidcring her fon's obflinacy in herefy, and
forefeeing the imminent danger like to enfue to the Catholic church,
he fucceeding in this Crown ; flic refolved, in cafe her fon were not
reclaimed to the Catholic religion, as flie had title, to give and grant
her right to the King of Spain, in fucceffion of this Crown, by her
lad will and teflamcnt, praying him to take into his protedUon, both
her, and the date and affairs of this realm.

She willeth this to be fccret ; forafmuch, if it fliould be revealed,
it (hould be in France, the lofs of her dowry ; in Scotland, the
clear breach of her fon; and in this country, her total ruin and
dcftruftion.

This letter was firft written in French by the Scots Queen's own
hand, and then tranflated into Englifli, and put into cypher by
Curie, as he confeiTed and fubfcribed the fame the 25 th of Septem-
ber laft.

Upon reading of thefe letters, it was noted, that the Scots Queen's
intention was, to fubjc«St this Crown and realm to the King of Spain,
to the utter ruin and deftrudion, both of the Queen's Majefty, and
of all the antient nobility, which purpofe appeareth to be generally
holden by the EngliCh fugitives and traitors beyond the feas, as Ba-
bington and Savage fct down in their feveral confeflions and declara-
tions; and that their intention is, to procure the King of Spain title
to this realm, to be confirmed and invefted by the Pope, to take

away

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BETH.

i;86.

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248

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E L I Z A-
BF. Til.

away all objedlions againft it. And, as Bahington faith, Dr. Allen
and Parfons ftaid longer at Rome, to folicit the fame.

After this was read, another letter written to the Scots Qneen, by
Dr. Allen, the 5th of February, wherein he wriicth unto her, Ma-
dam, my good Sovereign, for our rcfolution out of Spain, the whole
execution is. committed to the Prince of Parma.

That Father Parfons, Owen, and himfclf did bring the King's
determination to the Prince, who fcemed as glad as they, that he
might have the efFeduating of it ; and gave great fign to do it, ftrail
upon the recovery of Antwerp, but harped flill upon this ftring,
that fhe fliculd by money, or fome means, put hcrfclf out of their
hands.

Then was read the Scots Qiicen's letter to Dodor Allen the 20th
of May 1586, wherein flie called him Reverend Father, and faith,
they have overflipped many good occafions ; and willicth, that they
fliould not withal omit this new offer, pinching near by this Queen.

Upon thcfe letters were inferred, that Dr. Allen did acknowledge
her to be his Sovereign, and to be the Queen of this realm in prefent
poircfllon, and flie accepting the fame, gave him the title of a Bifhop.
Whereunto (lie anfwered, that though Dr. Allen, and divers other
Jbrcign Princes, and the Catholics of this realm did fo take her, yet
flic could not do withal ; but for herfelf, flie did not claim to be fo.

It is alfo to be noted, that the refolution which was to be put in
execution by the Prince of Parma, and which the Scots Queen was
fo careful Ihould not be overflipt, cannot be thought to be other but
matter of great peril to her Majcfty's perfon and this (late. And I'o
it may alfo be gathered by a letter written by the Prince of Parma to
the Scots Queen the 12th of January 15^', where he writeth, that
touching the great fecret, he would keep it, as it becometh, and put
to cfFedt as much as (he fliould command, and fliould be in his

power,

t " Alfo,

STATE PAPEIiS.

249

Alfo, the Scots Queen did write to Dr. Lewis, ult. April 1586, '\f' ' ^„^"
wherein (he willeth him to impart her congratulations to the new 1586.
elected Pope, and her affection towards him, chiefly for that (he un-
derdandcth his refolution bent, to follow, as near ae he can, the
traces and footfteps of good Pope Pius V. of whofe memory fhe
bcareth a fingular reverence, for the fingular compaiTion he had of
her prefent Hate, and his endeavour which he did manifefl to relieve
her.

Whereupon, it is to be noted, that her imaginations be againft
the Queen's perfon and ftate, fince {he exciteth the Pope to follow
the fteps of Pius V. who publifhed the bull of excommunication againft
her Majefty, and thereby denounced her to be no lawful Queen, and
difcharged her fubjeds of their obedience and allegiance ; out of
which root hath fprung all the traiterous pradices that have fince
been attempted againft her Highnefs's perfon.

And for the verifying of thefe letters before mentioned, written
by the Scots Queen; it is to be remembered, that the original
draughts of all thefe letters, faving that only which fhe wrote to
Babington, which, as Cuile aflirmeth, fhe commanded to be burned,
as is before mentioned, were found amongft her papers at Chartlcy
and put in a cheft, fealcd up by John Manners, Efq; bir Walter
Afliton, Knight, and Richard Bagot, Efq; which was firft opened
and unfealed, and the fame draught taken out, by certain of the
Lords and others of her Majefly's Privy Council.

After, on the a4':h day of October, the Lords and other Commif-
fioners being affembled at the Star Chamber at Wellminfter, to con-
fer of the faid matters, and touching their fentence, Nau and Curie
were brought pcrfonally before them; and the papers, letters, and
writings, which they had before confefTed and fubfcribod, and affirmed
l)y their oaths, as is aforcfaid, being then and there likcwilc fhewed
unto them, tlicy did then eftfoons voluntarily acknowledge and

K k affirm

,1 r-'tK

lil

''-'it

250

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- affirm all that to be true, which they had before fo confefled and

£ E X Hi

1386. fubfcribed, and that they had fo confefled and fubfcribed the fame,
only in refped of the truth, frankly and voluntarily, without any
torture, conftraint.; or threatening.

And the iaid Curie did then alfo further affirm, that as well the
letter which Babington did write to the Scots Queen, as the draughts
of her anfwer to the fame, were both burned at her command.

He faid alfo, after the decyphering of the faid letter written by
Babington, and the reading thereof to the Scots Qiieen, he admo-
nifhed her of the danger of thofc adtions, and pcrfuaded her not to
deal therein, nor to make any anfwer thereunto : and fhe thereupon
faid flie would anfwer it, bidding him do that which he was com-
manded, and which appertained uuto him.

No. XVI.

' t

STATE PAPERS.

No. XVI.

251

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

sirjil

» I'll Ma

y^ letter from Sir Edward Stafford, Anihaffador in France,
to the ^een, with one to Lord Treajurer Burleigh, in-
clojifig it,

[The importance of this difpatch wants no recommendation. None
of the numerous Hiftorians and Memoir Writers of this intrigue-
ing time, mention any fuch propofal of Henry III. or the confi-
dence which he repofcd in the Englifh Ambaflador.

Henry IV. found himfelf obliged fome years after to follow
this advice, which in a private letter to the Bells Gabrielle, he
calls " Faire le faut perilheux."]

1) ;|

*il|

pill

Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een.

1C87-3.

Feb. 25th.

May it plcafe your Majefty,

EARING left you have loft the cyphers that I fent you, I From the
thought for avoiding that mifchancc fit, to write to you in a thc^i'apcr'

cypher I fent my Lord Treafurcr at my coming away out of Eng- ^'^'"'
land, with one of the fame that I fent your Majefty, with a few
more additions than was in yours. If it pleafe your Majcfly, if you
have not your own in the way, to fend to him for it; it will de-
cypher this. I fpakc yefternigiit with the French King, who fent
for mc, by a man quite unknown, to a houfe that I think I can giiefs
at again, though it were in the night, and that he brought me fur
out of the ri!;lit way to it, where I found nobody in the chamber
but lilmfclf. In the houfe I heard folks, but nobody faw mc, nor I

K k 2 faw

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252

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ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

faw nobody, for he that brought me tarried not in the chamber.
The Kip;-- began with me, that he had fent for me, according as he
had (eu*^ .,e word the laft day, and upon the truft and confidence he
had in me, and upon the faithful aflurance I had given him, both in
your Majefty and mine own, that whatfoever he delivered mc, I
would fend it directly to your Majefty's own hands, and that you
would do what lay in you for the good of France, and keep it to
your Majefty, fo that it fhould never be fpoken nor heard of, it
he had dealt thus fecretly, or confidently with your Highnefs or any
of yours. I told him, that when I made that offer unto him, upon
feme fpeech that was ufed to me by fome of his, and that I durft
promife your Majefty would keep it moft fecretly, if either I deli-
vered it myfelf or font it to your Majefty to your own hand ; that,
though 1 had then no commiifion to deal, becaufe your Majefty's fo
often offers to do good had been little fet by ; I had notwithftand-
ing, prefently after I had faid the word, made a difpatch to fignify
what I had done; that your Majefty had made anfwer unto mc of
avowing me, that your good will was, that it had ever been unto the
King, that you would continue fo ftill ; and that for the fecrecy of
it, your Majefty did affure, that whatfoever he did deliver confidently
to me, to write to you, that, I did affure him, and that whatfoever
lay in your Majefty to pie? fare him in any way that was within
the compafs of your power, or with poftTibility to do it with honour,
that it ftiould be done ; that all things delivered to mc, fliould never
be fpoke or heard of; that all Princes did ufe counfel in all things
of any weight, that your Majefty's cuftom was to do fo to, as reafon
was, but that you had thofe faithful, wife, and fecrct Counfellors,
that whatfoever you did communicate to them f whereof there were
not many that you ufed in thofe great matters of weight and fecrecy)
that though you gave them no charge at all, they were fo difcrect,
as they would ealily know what were fit to be done : but that I was
furc, that if you did communicate it with any, you would give them

thac

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STATE PAPERS.

that particular charge, and take that aflurance of them, as they nei-
ther would, nor durft but obferve j and withal, that if he would not|
I durfl aflure him that your Majefty would never deliver to any that
which he delivered to me, but to himfelf. And farther, that
whereas that fome ufed fome fpeech to me in the beginning, and
Pinard, the lafl: day that he came to me from his Majefty, had call
out fuch a word, that your Majefty did make him thcfc offers now
to him, to make profit of his dealing with your Majefty now, to
advance the treaty of peace with Spain, that you was in hands withal,
to make your Majefty gainer. That I did protcft to him from
vour Majefty, that you never had fuch a meaning, nor fo much as
llich a thought. That they were evil-difpofed people to break the
amity between France and England, that had thofe intentions, which
was their only drift ; that I durft anfwer him upon my foul, that you
never had fuch a thought. He told me upon that, he would allure
himfelf upon my promife, that I and your Majefty would perform
it in all points ; that he would deal plainly with me, and lay his
ftate more open to you than ever he did to any ; that he was
very well contented you ftiould take advice of any of your fecret
Counfellors whom it pleafed you ; that he knew that you had them
that you did aflurc ftiould do nothing pafling your commandment ;
that he wiftied witli all his heart to have given of his blood that he
had the like, that would depend upon nobody but upon his will, his
affairs fliould not (as he termcth it pendre a la balance as they do).
That whereas the laft day he fent me word by Pinard, the anfwer
he did, that it was the Queen Mother and his v^hole Council's per-
emptory advice, ftandlng upon it, that it was not fir, that he ftiould
(jcfirc your Majclly to meddle between him and his fubjcft's ; that
thereupon he made the anfwer, and dclircd me to fend it away, as I'
did by John Fourier, that nothing might be fufpcdlcd; that I hoped'
of anv vling from him, but that he would deal more plainly with
your Majefty, bcfeeching you with all his heart to do it, and without
making knowa to any, that any recjucft came from him, becaufc

they

E L I Z A-

B E r H.

1587-8.

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STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

• they of the religion, as he faid, could keep nothing fecret, and thai
your Majefly would perfuade the King of Navarre to liavc a care of
his edatc, and to accommodate him with his Majcfty in fucli fort as
the league might have no pretence to ruin France and him hotli.
Whereupon I replied unto him, the impoffibility that it was for your
Mpjefly to deal with the King of Navarre in religion, for the rca-
fons that I had both told him, the other day, and after to Pinard,
and which he, by himfelf in this adion, might very well confider.
That your Majcfty, I durft anfwer, would do what you could any
way, but to perfuade the King of Navarre any more to change, than
you had pcrfuaded the King of Navarre to take it ; that it was a
thing you could not meddle in ; that if his own judgment would
make him do it for the good of his eftate, that you would not meddle
with his confcience, nor with his foul. He anfwered me again, that
he would deal as plainly with me, as if I were his ghoftly father;
that as in truth he was fo much addided to his religion, as withal
he would it had coft him a piece of his realm and part of his blood,
that all the world, but fpecially France were of it, fo he was not fo
much a bigofy as he termed it, which in Englifh is over-fupcrjlitioiis,
that he would rather let France ruin, and himfelf, than fuffcr liberty
and exercife both, as he had both done, and would do again with all
his heart ; but it was now out of his power to do it, or to put France
in peace, if he heard fpeak of religion as things flood ; that he dealt
plainly with me, that his laft hope to have done it was, by the Re'if-
/■.-rj* means; who, if they had either valour or difcrelion, might have
made the league, upon their knees, afk that which they had broken
in arms, which was, that he expedcd and looked for, and was the
only caufe that he would take no knowledge of the many offers I
made from your Majcfty to ftay them, if he had dcfired it; and that
he had [riven them all the means ihcy dcfired to have done it, if ihcy
could have taken it, and to have kept thcmfclves far enough from

German troops

him,

STATE PAPERS.

95J

jjim» as he kept himfelf from them, till they would needs come to E L i z a.

feek him, and by their own evil government had put him to that
plunge, that all the world marked him almoft with their finger ; and
the league had almoft overthrown them quite, whereas they had afore
then, twice or thrice in their hands to have done the like with them,
and have ended all in a day, if they had judgment to have taken
it. And when they had failed of thofe occafions, if they had ra-
vaged Lorrain, and thofe places of Champaign and Burgundy that
were addicted to them, and left none unfpoiled, that were any way
adherents to them ; they would have been glad to have prayed, and
he would have made them as much have prayed for peace, as they
had fought the contrary. But that, inftead of annoying them, they
came to feek him out, and let themfelves be fo low brought to his
hands, as cither he muft have given the league the vantage they
defired over him, and have left them the honour of all ; befides, that
he was conftrained to do as he did to take the honour out of their
hands. And yet let them lay (faid he) their hands upon their con-
iliences, thofe that were favcd, owe him their lives, confidering the
ftate they had let themfelves be brought in by the othersi. And that
now all hope of any good that \n ay, was taken away, for that they
had let them learn the way that ;. ;^ never thought on afore, to ruin
as many armies of Reijlers as ever came into France, without fight-
ing, and which he cannot impeach them of without he make himfelf
a party againfl them, which cannot be, and that therefore it h not
anv way poflible to have ihcm do more good, but harm hencefor-
ward, by giving the contrary party, if they come to the help of
them, a colour to call in other * ftrangcrs, for their defence, that he
iearcth worfc, and who fliall be good loldiers well governed, and
well paid, and that fliall have all the towns they have at tl'^e entry,
jnd in France, to back thcra, and at their devotion. So that now,
whofoevcr would be the caufe of their return, if they could be

1587-8.

• The Spaniards.

brought

•• i

i !

■ M

■ i'

y '1'^

2s6

STATE PAPERS.

1 i- 1

it Si- if

':^

I; r

ELIZA- brought to return (which he doth not believe), would be the caufe of
1587-8. the utter fubverfion of the realm, and therefore the utter undoing of
the King and the State; and therefore devifed your Majefty to con-
fider that, as one that loved him, as he aflfured, and had reafon to
do, in refpedfc that the love of them, one to another, were profitable
to both, and to be a means that the colour of maintaining of arms
may be taken away, which cannot be, except the King of Navarre
yield to him in religion, for keeping the league without colour of
arming, did cut their throats; for they were brought into that
beggary, as in peace they had not meat to put iri their mouths, and
every day, more and more, loft fome of their affectionate fervants.

I anfwered him as before, that I knew your Majefty would do
what you could, and what was raafon, to bring things to peace, and
to keep them in it, but by that means I faw not how you could do
it ; for, firft, to open your mouth to the King of Navarre of that
point, I faw an impofllbiiity ; next, though the King of Navarre
would do it, though your Majefty did fpeak to him of it, I know
not how he could do it ; for upon the Prince of Conde' he had no
power. And if the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde would
both, there were great numbers in France of the religion, and great
numbers of towns and ftrong holds, over whom if the King of
Navarre did that, he fhould have no more commandment, and then
were their colours of religion taken away no more, for the King of
Navarre's and Prince of Condc's changing, than before. He an-
fwered again, that if the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde were
changed, the reft would eafilier be brought to think upon their con-
fciences, and to difpofe tliemfelves to obey time; that though that
were not, if the two next heirs were Catholics, but fpecially the
King of Navarre, who was the next to fall (whom in the end, what
brags foevcr any made, if it were not for religion, would ever, and
ftiould acknowledge him to be fo), thefe mifchiefs that are happened
now, under the colour they have taken, and the terror they have

put

S T A T K PAPERS.

put Into mens minds, by that of iljc overthrowing of the Catholic f"- '•',
religion by the fuceeflbrs that are Huguenots, lliould ceafe, and the i/s
league brought back again into the lame ftale they were in, in
Monfieur's time, at which time ihcy cuuld nut fuid means to have
this colour to put out their horns. And to that Ilutc they ilujuld be
put to again, to make them pull in their horns, it that caulc ceaied,
and to their utter overthrow. To the which I anfwercd, that there-
was a probability in the reafons, if there were a poflibility to bring
them to pals ; but if it pleafcd him, as he had honoured me already,
to put his confidence in me, to give me leave tc tell him my opinion,
1 did aflure him that I did fmd that probability in them, that if I
were of the King of Navarre's Council, and that he did command
me not to meddle with his confcience, but to counfel him the beft
way for the confervatiou of his (late, and the prefervation of his
perfon, that it Ihould be the firft counfel I would give him, to do
that which he defired ; but if I were of his council, I would rather
be torn in pieces, than counfel him to defire it, but rather do what
I could to impeach it, if the King of Navarre had any fuch intent,
and would rather wiflv him (feeing I had i'eeu by proof that pretext
of religion could give them that had no intcrcll nor expcdation to
the fuccelTion, fuch an authority as they had gotten, as neither the
King by his pofl'.'flion, nor the King of Navarre with the hope of
his fucccfiion, could pull them out of it), to defire rather that the
King cf Navarre ihould remain as he was, to have that religion to
be a bar to impeach him of attempting any thing in his time, than
in taking that away, to make him both the lun rifuig clear, to make
liim to be worlhippcd, and to take the cclipfe quite away to lervc for
an objeiH; to darken his light. 'I hat I did protcft unto him, that I
did think it, anti fo affurcdly think it, that i durft hazard my life,
the King of Navarre neither had, nor ever would have fuch a thought,
what means foever he might have to do otherwife ; yet I did think it
more wifdom to fluit up a treafurc hcufe with all keys and bars

L 1 that

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E L I Z A-
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1587-8.

STATE 1» A P E K S.

tlitt couid be found, to impeach them that would rob it, if ihcy had
a mind to it, than to leave the doors negligently and wilfully open,
to fet a thief's teeth on edge, and to nuke him have a mind to it.
And fo in this, would rather counfel him tu hazard the pulling down
of them, that had no intercft after him, and to permit, for fo necef-
fary a refpecSl, fo neceffary an inconvenience in France, than in taking
fo neceflary a thing away, which he ihould flefirc to be if it were
not, to incur the hazard of the greater in avoiding the IciTer: that
I defired him to pardon me, for I protefted 1 faid no otherwife to
him, than I would advife your Majefly if you were in the like cafe,
with the like circumAances. I affiire your Majefly, that he gave the
hearing at leifure, and was in a (ludy without anfwering me a good
while. At length, with thanks he told me, that every one could
rule a (hrewd wife but lie that had her, and that he that had her
could tell worfe the way how io rule her; that that was his cafe;
but that he had rather hazard the pulling them down with the King
of Navarre, which he faw a poffibility in, and ftand upon thofe ha-
zards, than in letting them have that colour ftill, to make it an im-
poflible thing to pull them ever upon their knees ; but to fee them
flrengthen in defpight of him daily, and which he cannot eli'e remedy
as things fland, but with the hazard of an utter overthrow of him
and France. That as for the King of Navarre, having once the pre-
tence of his religion, and then forgone it, the pretence of Catholic
religion would never fcrvc the King of Navarre, to hurt him in his
time. And that though he would bring the league with all his heart
as low as he could, he would never fo utterly overthrow them ; that,
jf the King of Navarre fliould enter into any fuch intent, he could
quickly rail'e them to help him to impeach him of any fuch attempt.
I defired him to pardon me, that it was my zeal to have peace and
quietnefs that made me bold, and to have thofe thinga done fur the
effeding of it, that were poflible, and to avoid all inconvenience that
might come to impeach fo good and fo neceffary an intent, for the

good

m i

STATE PAPERS.

good of both the realms. He told me, he had opened himfelf fo far,
as he never had done to any Aranger ; and but to few of France, and
(o few, as if he did tell it me, I would fcarce believe it ; that he
did truft upon my word, both of that I had given him from niyfelf,
and in your Majefty's name, that if he were not kept promiic withal,
he would never have dealing confidently with your Majefty, nor any
of yours. That he protcfled to me, no living creature did know of
my coming, but he that brought me, nor he nothing of the matter, nor
never (hould any know more ; that if ever it were heard of, he would
quite difown having feen me, and have caufe to do me all the dif*
grace that he could, and never to love your Majefty more, but to
hate you as much as he loved you. If you deal well with him in this,
and put your helping hand to the fetting France in quiet, and the
pulling it out of the mouth of them that make it a prey to (Irangers
on all fides, that he, being cut of danger within France, may help
his neighbours without ; which he protedeth to do in any need, and
never to fail them. That his enemies were your Majefty's, if it
were well looked into ; that you may firft help him, becaufe you are
in quiet, and have means to do it if you would ; and that, he bid
me affure myfelf he knew, and more than he could tell me, and
therefore defired you to put your helping hand to it. And that
though his Council, and fpecially Queen Mother, diftuaded him to
dcfire it at your hands, as a thing unhonourable to him to defire it,
that you fhouUl meddle between him and his fubjedts ; yet he did
fecretly by me defire, and befeech you ; and that he fliould think
himfelf beholden to you for it, and moft of all, for doing it upon
his requeft, and keeping that fecret that he hath requefted you, as I
have promifed ; for there was nothing would fo much vantage the
league againft him, as to have known that he had conference in this
fort wiih your Majcfty, or any of yours. That his cafe, if it were
well weighed, were both to be regarded, pitied, and helped ; that
he had not many to truft to, when, his neareft failed him, and they,

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STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

that with all kind of bonds were moft tied unto him ; that he had
gone farther with me than he had gone yet with any, or ever meant
to do again, and therefore put me again, both of mine own promife,
and my promife in your name, both for yourfelf, and your Coun-
fellors, that if your Majefty communicate it to any, you take aflur-
ance of them, that it fhould never be heard of, which I did again
promife, and proteft to him, both in mine own name, and for your
Majefty. And I know you will, and fo I humbly befeech you to
perform it, or elfe all confidence in you, and all means for me to do
you ever any fervice, is taken away for ever. ^

This being done, he fell with me into familiar fpeech of many
things of your Majefty, of your government, of your Counfellors,
all the which things I fatisfted his demands in fuch fort, as was fit
for me. Then of the Queen of Scots, which I was glad he fell
into, becaufe I know there hath been great cunning ufed to keep
that ftill in his mind againft your Majefty, as he himfelf confeffed;
and particularly, for I think I left him fatisfied better than he hath
been, and fpecially for your Majefty 's quite ignorance of it, and mere
unwillingnefs to itj which at the firft he fmiled at, as not believing
it, afking whether it were polTible for them ? I gave him fbme reafon
that in my poor judgment I thought fit; that I dare afTure you, he
thinks better of it than he did, if he believe it not altogether. From
that, how he was prefled, nnd by whom, and among the reft forgat
not Queen Mother, that he flood upon his honour to revenge it, but
fpecially to help the King of Scots, and to egg him to it ; whereunto
1 prayed him with fuch reafons as I could, to make him probably to
fee that their intents were nothing lefs than to care for that; his towns
they took in the mean time, and other things they did daily, fhowed
that well enough. He confefled it, and fwore by no fmall oaths,
that, if the King of Navarre be brought to that, that he may help the
King of Navarre, or that he may have the King of Navarre to help
him, that the marks fhall remain of it. But that their colour was

r..ch,

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STATE PAPERS.

261

fuch, and fo printed In mens minds by art, that the leafl: fllr In the ^ LIZ A-
world, that, not being taken away, cantoneth his towns, and putteth ii;87-8.
all his ftate in hazard ; that perchance the world might wonder at his
manner of dealing hitherto ; but his ftate was not as other men's,
nor French humours as other people's; that as things ftood, he
had no way to fiive himfelf whole, but that ; and if the King of Na-
varre do help him, will take another courfe, and be beholden to the
King of Navarre, and his friends that fhall move him to do it. If
not, he muft needs keep the fame courfe he doth, to fave the State,
and to fwallow many things againft his ftomach, to win time, and
do that way that, which he can elfe do no other way. From that,
he fell into this peace treating with Spain, which I found he did not
believe was meant of any fide ; for of your Majefty's fide, he could
not believe you believed it could be ; and that he knew afluredly,
that the King of Spain meant it not, or at the lead if it do, it is but
to ferve his prefent turn, and to be at quiet for the time to trouble
France, where he hath begun. For he protefted by all the protefta-
tions that could be, that fince this treaty began, he hath been con-
tinually preffed by the King of Spain, and is yet daily, and by
others, to join to attempt againft your Majefty. I did anfwer him,
that I could not tell what to think of that, but I knew it was extremely
prcfled by the King of Spain; which he afked me again if I were
certain of it, and I aflured him it, which I think he beUcveth ; and
withal, I aflured him, that you would do nothing to the difadvan-
tage of him and France, whatfoever you did elfe, which I think he
believeth, but yet fcareth this colour of treaty, whether it be in effedt
or no, will give the King of Spain leifure to trouble him, which as
he faith, and hath reafon in it, is neither good for him nor your
Majefty. And withal, told me foihewhat fhort, he had refpedl to
your Majefty ; and that he, almoft alone, had held againft all the
world in that, both at home and abroad, to do nothing might annoy
you, and that in truth I know to be true ; but that if your Majefty
I had 1

^ ir

'rB

2^2

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

had no refped to hinii in the end, natural reafon mud needs carry
him away to look the heft he can to himfelf, and draw him to that
which he will ever do unwillingly, whenfoever he is conftrained to it.
I affured him ftill of your good-will, and that the proof of it would
fhow it. He defired me it might be fo, for effects muft be that
which muft (hew it, and fware a great oath he would requite it.
From that, he complains of his merchants taken, and fpoiling. daily
by Englishmen, and a thing that all the world cried out upon him
for, and that he bore as long as he could ; that befides the fubjedts
of France, whom he owed a care and refped to, to preferve, it was
an indignity to him, which miniftred colour to the evil affected, to
pique him daily againft your Majefty.

To be fliorf, he defired reafon for things paft, and order that they
may happen no more ; for he defired no caufe of jar, and that he
would give none. I affured him of it, that things paft could not be
remedied, but that juftice fhould be done, and order given that no
fuch inconveniences hereafter fliall happen. And withal, took occa-
fion to tell him mildly, that the French Ambaflador made things worfe
than they were, which fliowed no good-will to maintain amity. He
told me in that, he did that, in that point, he had caufe given him ;
but ijn^her things he told me plainly, // rCeJl qu^unfot\ and that, but
for ^^rcroy's fake, he would make him known fo, but that he would
not Villeroy ; and thereupon told me, that particularly the

Ambaffador ftiould by no means have an inkling of this, no more
than any body elfe : I affured him of it, for all the world, and
defired him to be out of doubt of it. From that, he talked of the
Count Monbeliard's, and Wirtemberg's levying of men, to be re-
venged of that, the league had fpoiled in their country j but he is
not of opinion they have courage enough, and told me with thefe
words. Hi ne font que des cocguins, qu'il ne ni e <^ qxCils ne roma'
gent toutt le diable les emporte. I caft out fome words to fee whether
he would be offended if a new army came into their frontiers to fpoil

t ^ them,

STATE PAPERS.

263

tlienii if (o they can no farther. I promife you, I cannot aflTiire you ^^p^r^^^'

of it, but I think he would not be difcontented ai it, for thefe were 1587-8.

his very words, Le liable les emporte, gu'ils ny'ont demeur^ dernier-'

nientt canaille quits font, cS' ne chercher leur malheur^ e^

qui ne les demandoint pas, fans faire rien de ce quils ^' ponvoynt

aizement faire. Thus he ended, repeating to me again the aflurance

that I had given him of the fecrecy of this, the aflurance of his

friendfhip to your Majefty, in fpite of any counfel or enticement, if

you gave him caufe of your part, and means to that which were

good for both, and that he might flop them that meant nothing

but deadly harm to them both..

Thus I have been long, but your Majefty muft; pardon me, for it
was my duty to make a plain relation to you, for to nobody elfe I
could by promife. I did what I could to egg him to fpeak, and to
open himfelf, and I think he hath done more thaa he hath done to
many. I am not wife enough to advife your Majefty what to refolve
upon in it, but I think he hath dealt truly in moft things, and ac-
cording as he meaneth. I would wifh your Majefty to do what you
you could well do to content him; for I am of that opinion, that
there will hardly be ever in France, a King of a difpofltion fitter for
England; for furely he hath a defire^ if he can live in peace, to attempt
nothing againft England, or any elfe. But you had need to take
advice of yourfelf, which is indeed the chiefeft of your Councilj and
of the wifeft elfe you can take advice of; for I am of that opinion,
it is a ticklifll point to take counfel of; for if, in doing part of that
which he dcfireth, your requeft were made a colour to the King^
of Navarre, to do more than you would have him do, and to take
you at your word, and to make you to be the King of Navarre's
cxcufe to the world ; I am not wife enough to judge what good or
harm it might bring your Majefty.

The King's words make me fufpefl (bmewhat, and other cir^
cumftaaces make me fufpedt more; and particularly feeking of

the

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a64

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587-8.

the King of Navarre's own folks, what they judge of his difpofitlon,
maketh me doubt moft of all; and advertifements that I have from
divers places confirm me more, whereof fome be certain, fome I
cannot certainly affure you of, of both which forts I write plainly
Mr. Secretary in a particular letter of that, becaufe I have kept your
Majefty fo long, as I am afhamed to keep you longer, for troubling
you, and therefore moft humbly taking my leave, I commit your
Majefty to him that hath, and ever, I aflure myfelf, will guard you
in all your adlions, and proted you from all your enemies. This
.25th of February 1587. _ , ;',

Sir Edward Stafford to the Lord Treafurer,

'587- • "TV/rY very good Lord, I have fen t yourLordfliip
feb. 26th. IVI , , u- i- T 1-

was brought me even now, which I have n

a book here that
brought me even now, which I have not yet read, and
therefore cannot tell whether it be worth the fending to your Lord-
Ihip or no, only to ferve for a colour that the copy of her Majefty's
letter may not be thought upon ; which, if my packet of letters were
greater than of one letter, might breed a fufpicion to have them
opened, as 1 know others have been. I fpake with the King, and
that at large, as by the copy of my letter to her Majefty you n>ay
fee. We had difcourfed of many things, and did what I could to
make him fpeak, which in truth I think he hath done, more than he
hath done to many. And of many things, I avow truly, he was
very loath, at firft, her Majefty fliould communicate it to any. We
had at length very familiar difcourfe of many things, and particu-
larly of the Lord Treafurer, and them in his place : he knoweth
every body's humour as well as I, and I think better. I found him
have a found opinion of nobody's paflions there ; but Lord Trea-

. ; . . lurer

STATE PAPERS.

z6s

furer. I did not gainfay it. He was particularly contented that I ^A L^rr^'
fliould make Lord Treafurer acquainted with all, if I would ; for 1587-8.
he told me plainly, that though he took him to be more aJfFe£ted to
Spain than to France, he knew him to be faithful to her Majefly*
and afFeded to no paflion but her good only, and with thefe words,
fort homme de bien, 1 anfwered him to his fatisfaftion. For all other
of his fellows I took oath, and faithful promife, to communicate
nothing but only to her Majeilyt that (he might do after, as you
may fee by the contents of the letter. I pray God fend her Majefty
to take counfel of thai which is bed for herfelf ; for furely I cannot
tell what to think of this world, nor well judge of the King of Na-
varre, and that fide, as you may fee by a particular letter I have
written of thefe things to Mr. Secretary ; and alfo another of the
news of the defeat, and taking of Maximilian by the Chancellor of
Poland. And fo I commit you to the keeping of God. FariS) this
26th day of February, 1587.

U * ? i

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No. xvir.

^n\ HI

266

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1598.

No. XVII.

■ .; I.: Irh i .

A bptef Difcourfe^ containing the true and certain manner
bow the late Duke of Gutfe^ and the Cardinal of Lor^
raine bis brother ^ ivere put to death at Blois^ the i^th
of December 1588, for fundry confpiracies and treafwis
pra&ijed by them againfl their Sovereign the French
King ; wherein is farther declared the imprifonment of
fame other of the confpirators and leaguers^ with divers
ether circumfiances ajsd matters happening thereupon^
Written unto our late ^ueen Elizabeth, by Sir Edward
Stafford, at that time, her Ambaffador in the Court of
France,

From the
Hirlei m
CoUeftion.

[This Narrative not being an original, nor the copy authenticatedi,
may not be thought to have thofe marks of genuinenefs, which the
other papers of Sir E. Stafford, inferted in this volume, have ; and
it muft be owned, that fome of the circumfiances differ from the
relations of De Thou and Davila.

It may not be improper to mention, that Stafford, when he came
home, was made Vice-Chamberlain of the Houfehold, and a Privy
Counfellor. He died in the beginning of King James's reign.]

TN the time of Lewis Xll. King of France, not above eighty years
* ago, one Claude of Lorrain, or rather Vaudemout, a mcer
flranger, puffed up with riches and pride, began to fet foot, and feat
himfelf in France : who having a very fubtle and reaching head,
endeavoured to make his benefit of time, by warily and fpeedily lay-
ing

S T A T E P A P E R S.

Ing hold upon any occafion whatfoever, whereby to advance his mean
eftate to fome place of honour and dignity. And, becaufe at firft he
knew not how to fpeed himfelf better, he thought himfclf fairly pro-
moted, when, with much ado, he was taken into the King's houfehold,
and made Great Hunter ; an office of but fmall and bafc account,
in refpeft of the honour which this ftranger gaped after. In procefs
of time, after many revolutions and toflings, this ambition was
ferved fo far, that he was created Duke of Guife and Aumale, Peer
of France, and Governor of Burgundy ; and fo deceafed. But the
fucceeding offspring of this flranger, not contented nor fatiated with
the continual great and uhdeferved favours and honours, which they
from time to time enjoyed, by the exceeding bounty and liberality
of the King of France, although they were fo great, and fo many,
as might have fatisfied to glut a moil ambitious and unfatiable gorge,
bended and levelled their reftlefs defires to a more high and (lately
fcope, than ever Claude of Lorrain durft prefume to think of, devifing
and pradtifing how they might compafs the Crown of France:
wherein, by their fmiAer and indirect practices, they have prevailed
fo mightily, that they crept daily in credit more and more, and pof-
fefTed the hearts of th€ Kings of France in fuch fort, that abufmg
their favours heaped mod plentifully upon them, and their houfe,
they only, difpofed the chief offices both in Court and country, dif-
placed the Princes of the blood from the moft honourable offices, and
governments of greatefl truft, and in their rooms placed men of their
own humour and faiStion, ruling and over-ruling all things in France
at their own plcafure ; infomuch that the gate of honour and pro-
motion flood open, in a manner, to none but fuch as depended wholly
upon their devotion. Yet perceiving that all this was not enough to
help them to the fupreme authority, without good right to it, or at
leaftwife fome probable fhow and colour of right; and knowing
that falfehood and lies can hardly have a plaufible pafTage amongft

26j

E L I Z A^

BETH.

1588.

* Grand Veneur.

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a68

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.
. B F. T H.

158S.

men, except they mafk difguifetl with a vifage of truth (for all men
naturally do embrace that which they know, or think to be true),
they feigned to themfelves a certain odd title to the crown ; deriving
their pedigree from Charlemainc, but by fuch uncertain, falfe, and
counterfeit defcenls, yea, and fuch as, through extreme age, were
long ago worne out of date, that they may as well (and better) claim
to be monarchs of the whole world by lineal defcent from Adam, as
to afcend to the crown of France by fuch worm-eaten, rotten, and
broken degrees. And to make this their title more plaufible in the
cars of the fimple, they fuborned men of no fmall learning to print
and publifli books in defence thereof. In which books this their
miHiapen title, painted and fliadowed with colours of rhetoric, was.
flubbered over with fome forry arguments, and flender proofs, to
induce and fettle in men's hearts a liking or good opinion of their
pretended right. But their proofs fell out to be fo weak, and their
reafons fo forcelefs, that no man in his right wits, except he were
their creature or beadfman, and fo devoted to them that he would
believe any thing, though never fo untrue, which made for the
Guifian greatnefs, could thereby be perfuaded to like the better
cither of them, or their forged title. .....''.?''

Thefe things brought to this unlucky pafs, the late Duke of Guife,
following the footfteps of his predecefTors, by whom he had re-
ceived an ambitious defire, and afpiring mind to the crown, in-
grafted in himfelf as hereditary in his own conceit ; and being, from
his infancy, inftruded by the late Cardinal of Lorraine, his uncle,
and armed with divers politic inftrudions, and fubtle plots how to
carry himfelf in fo dangerous an enterprife ; amongft all the reft of
thofe cunning and deep devices, thought it fitteft for his purpofe, to
diredt his chiefeft endeavours to nourifli and maintain, by all poffible
means, the civil difcord and long continued quarrel between the Pro-
teftants and Papifts; that, in the midft of thefe domeftical uproars, he
(by fhewing himfelf very hot and forward, and fomewhat extraor-
dinarily zealous in defence of the Romilh Church, and in the fup-

preffing

STATE PAPERS.

aCiji

iHI'i

ill men
; true),
eriving
fe, and
c, were
■) claim
lam, as
en, and
: in the
to print
lis their
ric, was
coofs, ta
of their
ind their
he were
le would
: for the
le better

prcfling of the King of Navaire, and the Princes of the Blood, pro-
feflbrs of the reformed religion,) might eafily procure himfelf to be
the head of that fadion, of which his prcdeceflbrs and he had been
fuch notable furtherers. And perfuaded himfelf, not without pro-
bable likelihood, that, by that means, he might gain, and firmly
unite unto himfelf, the hearts of the Catholics, and make himfelf
great with the forces of that fadion, and with the King's powers
purchafe authority, whom (though half unwilling, and yet not daring
to dootherwife at that time,) he had drawn to call In his edifts of
pacification, and to denounce open war againft the King of Navarre
and thofe of the religion. Neverthelefs, perceiving that the King
profecuted the matter but faintly (in truth becaufe he durft not
truft the Guife, or any of his favourers with too great a power,
for fear left they fliould convert his own forces to his own over-
throw and deftrufUon, as divers prefumptuous, and fome very ap-
parent pradices of the Duke, did give him juft occafion to fufped),
he determined to take another courfe, though fomewhat more dan-
gerous than the former, yet of more moment and affurance, for the
effecting of his conceived purpofe. Whereupon, the Duke dealing
with divers great Peers and States of France, efpecially fuch as either
kindred to himfelf, hatred to the King of Navarre, defire of inno-
vations, becaufe the prcfent Government did not fatisfy their ambi-
tious appetites, or fuperftitious zeal without knowledge, had made
partakers of his quarrel, told them openly that the King's carelefT-
nefs, and cowardice in this religious and holy enterprize, was the
only caufe of the profpcrous fuccefs of the Proteftants, who began
in divers parts of France to grow very ftrong, and greatly to pre-
vail, becaufe the King either would not, or durft not maintain a fuf-
ficient army in the field to impeach their proceedings ; which mif-
chief (as he faid) was grown to that greatnefs, that it could not, by
any means, be redrcfTed, except thofe peers and ftates (to whom the
reformation of the commonwealth in fuch defperate cafes doth ap-
pertain,) did join together in an holy league (fo called, becaufe re-

ligioHi

ELIZA-
BE!" H.

1588.

I il

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270

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E L
B C

1588.

Jr/'t/^' llgion was the chiefeft caufe they did pretend in that adion), where
each fhould be bound to other by folcmn and mutual oath, to fet to
his helping hand, to the uttermofl of his power, for the removing
of fuch corrupt minions (as he termed them) from the King, as
favoured the King of Navarre, and laboured underhand to hinder
the wholefome counfels, and politic platforms, agreed upon in Com-
mon Council by the Peers and States, for the benefit and honour of
the King and Commonwealth, and the enlarging of the Catholic
religion : and that they (hould fwear never to make any peace with
the King of Navarre, or give over the war againft him, and his ad-
herents, until they had utterly fubverted and overthrown them all.
To which unholy league divers of the Peers, and other great men,
were fworn, being feduced by thefe, and fuch like perfuafions.

The league being thus on foot, hath hatched, and brought forth
a million of mifchiefs ; and it cannot be denied but that all the chief
doers therein, with their complices, favourers, and abettors, were
to be judged and deemed no better than arrant traitors to the King,
and enemies to the Commonwealth : for leagues are to be made only
between abfolute Kings and Princes of Free States and Cities, for
the maintenance of amity, and intercourfe of traffic to be had be-
tween either countries, and for the mutual help and fuccour the one
is to afford the other againfl dangerous enemies, or for fome fuch
other public or private refpedt, as may greatly concern the commo-
dity and welfare of thofe countries, between whom the league is to
be concluded. But, that fubjefts fliould bandy themfelves againft
their fovereign, or join in league withdut his confcnt, to reform and
redrefs fuch things, as in the government of the ftate they fuppofe
to be amifs, hath ever (and that defervedly) been counted a confpi-
racy or rebellion, and a point of moft dangerous and dcteftable trea-
fon. It hath always been an ufual praftice for traitors to pretend
reformation of the State, and of the King's court, from corrupt and
bad humours, making this falfe (how of zeal for their country's
good, a faare to blind and entrap the ignorant, and unlearned multi-
tude

STATE PAPERS.

271

, where

fctto
rmoving
Ling, as
) hinder
in Odhi-
jnoiir of
Catholic
Mce with

1 his ad-
them all.
eat men,
ns.

ght forth
the chief
MS, were
the King,
nade only
Cities, for
had be-
r the one
bme fuch
commo-
gue is to
:s againd
brm and
y fuppofe
a confpi-
able trea-
I pretend
rupt and
country's
ed multi-
tude

mdc withal, and a cloak under which they fliroud their ambitious ^j^,,^,/'./^'
intents and treacherous drifts. No nation, almolt in any age, but
can produce plentiful ftore of examples herein: but, inllcad of all
other, I will only deal with the Duke of Guife, the fcquel of vvhofe
cunning prafliccs doth plainly prove, that he meant only, under
colour of bettering, to difturb all things, that in the midft of thcfc
broiU he might lay hold both of the King's life and crown, if oppor-
tunity and his ability would fcrve him thereto. In piofecuting
which his purpofe, he pra£tifed underhand with the King of Spain,
and procured from him fecretly '?oo,ooo piftolets of gold yearly, to
be diftributed to the chiefeft of the league, of which fi.m himfelf
had each year i 50,000 piflolets. But, no doubt, herein the King of
Spain and the Duke had their feveral ambitious ends. Tlie Duke
made reckoning, that by this money, and by the iMcnch King's
authority, he fhould be able to overmatch the King of Navarre, and
in the end to fet himfelf above all others in the management of mat-
ters of eflate ; and to feize upon fo many of the greateft, rtiongeft,
and richeft towns and fortreffcs of the realm into his hands, that he
might be able at his pleafure either to make away the King, or elfe
to thruft him into fome abbey, there to live upon fome forry penfion,
and fo to inveft himfelf with the long defired name of King, being
then, and long before, Dominus fac totum^ the chief commander both .
of the King and country. On the other fide, the King of Spain
hoped, that, by this money, he Ihould keep the Frenchmen fo bufied
and troubled at home, that they fhould not have icifurc to think
upon the attempt of any thing in the Low Countries ; the govern- ■
mentand protedlion of which provinces, about that time, was offered
unto the French King, by fome of the States of thofe Provinces.
And alfo, that miniftring matter wherewith to continue the fire of'
this inteftine diflention, and unnatural dlfccrd amongft them, he
fhould fhake and weaken the eflate of France, whole greatnefs and
profperity was always an eye-fore to him, and. his predecelTors.

6k' And

% = 1

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272

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1588.
Vi. ■ > .^

And laftly, that by his bountiful liberality, he Should bind many
of the nobles unto him in fuch fort, that he might, one day, by their
afli (lance, make a prey of France, as he had done heretofore of Por-
tugal, by the like corrupt and unking-like pradice. And although
the French King began to fufpedl the unfortunate event of thefe
traiteroes and damnable drifts, and greatly to lament the mifery,
wherein both himfelf and his whole country were like to be plunged,
yet becaufe the Duke of Guife bore fo great fway over all France,
and had the greateft part of moft vigilant and dcfperate noblemen at
his devotion, he was enforced to fet a fair face on the matter, and
wifely to diflemble, as if he had fufpeded nothing, until time fhould
afford him fit occafion to be revenged at the full. And, in the mean
fcafon, he determined to deny nothing abfolutely that the Duke of
Guife fhould requeft, but withal to endeavour, as much as he could,
fecretly to thwart and crofs his purpofes, and to draw fome of his
enterprizes to fort to a more contrary event, than the Guife Ihould
either fufpedl or imagine; wherein the Guife, or any man elfe was
the eafier to be deceived) becaufe the world never thought the King to
have half that politic wit, deep judgment, and undaunted courage, and
admirable conftancy, which, by his refolute and rare attempts, luckily
fince that time atchieved, he hath (howed himfelf to have. Info-
much, that when the Duke of Guife and thofe of the league had
30,000 men in the field againft the King of Navarre, and very im-
portunately folicited the French King to levy another army to the fame
purpofe, the King yielded very willingly to furnifti, and fet forth
20,000 men; but yet, therewithal, he perfuaded the Duke of Guife,
that it would be moft convenient for thofe prefent wars, to divide the
whole army into three equal parts, that they might all, at once, in-
vade the King of Navarre with fuch fury, and fo moleft him on all
fides, that he fhould never be able to make head any one way, with-
out imminent danger to lofe all another way. This carried a very
fair colour of reafon. But the King did it efpecially to this end,
that he might procure two parts of three to be guided by his own

efpecial

STATE PAPERS.

373

cfpeclal friends, whereas otherwife, fome one of the Duke of Guife's E L r z A.
houfe, (hould have been General of the whole 50,000, a thing too 1588.
dangerous for the King to endure. Wherefore he wifely, without any
fufpicion, brought to pafs, that the Duke Joyeufe, and the Duke of
Efpernon, both perfons to the King's efpecial favour and liking, pre-
ferred to honour, had the leading of the two armies ; and the
Duke of Mayne, the Guife's brother, commanded only the third
part. So that the King fending at firft but 20,000 to the field, had
about 33,000 at his devotion; and the Duke, with thofe of the league,
who fent 30,000, had at their commandment not 17,000. And
after that the Duke Joyeufe was flain, and his whole army defeated,
the King (who by agreement fliould have paid all the three armies)
fed the Duke of Mayne with delays in fuch fort, that for want of
viduals and pay, he was condrained to diflblve and break up his
camp, and get him home. It cannot be denied, but that the King
wrought herein wonderfully politickly, the which notwithftanding
was not conveyed fo clofely, but that the Duke of Guife foon ner-
ceived the drift thereof; for it is hard to halt before a cripple.
The Duke therefore, half defpairing to atchieve the end of his unfa-
liable defires by thefe means, and relying much upon the favour of
the Parifians, accompanied only with eight gentlemen, that he might
be the lefs fufpefted, entered into Paris, contrary to the King's ex-
prefs pleafure and commandment, who diftrufting and fufpeding the
canfe of his coming, had given him to underftand that he was altoge-
ther unwilling to have him come thither, before he had appeafed the
troubles of Picardy, and quite taken away the caufcs thereof. But
the Duke, notwithftanding the King had forbidden his coming thi-
ther, having laid fundry traiterous platforms for the feizing of the
King's perfon, and difpatching of him, being the only man that
flood in his way ; and purpofing withal to pick quarrels with fome
of the wealthieft citizens in Paris, thereby to enrich himfclf with
their goods, and poffefs himfelf of the King's treafure, being at that
time kept in the Exchequer in Paris (for money was the finews and

N n • ftrcngth

i) ]]

f E-

"el

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274

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1588.

ftrengtli whereby he hoped to uphold this miferable war), thought
he could not find out a fitter and more affured place, wherein to
execute his intended mifchiefs, than Paris, being a town always
afFedtioned to him, and fwarming with multitudes of poor artificers*
porters, and peafants, who, in hope of impunity and reward, are
ready at all times to attempt mutinies, murders, or any kind of vil-
laries whatfoever, if they may but be egged on, encouraged, or coun-
tenanced by any man of authority or honour,, that in fuch adiona
will undertake to be their head and ringleader ; as the miferable and
more than barbarous mafiacre, mofii cruelly executed in that accurfed
town, upon the moft renowned and worthy Admiral Chatillon, and
fundry nobles, gentlemen, ftudeats, and other men and women of all
forts, {o that they were fufpeded to be of the religion, may give
fufficient teftimony. And although the Duke, by reafon of their
bad difpofition and deadly hatred that they always bore to thofe of
the religion, did afluredly know that they would be ready at all
times to put in pradice hi& cruel and bloody defigncnents whatfo->
ever; yet, that he might make himfelf ftronger in Paris, and pro-
Tide fufficient ftore of bloody and defperate captains to govern and
lead the unikilful multitude in thofe troublefome tumults, he caufed
fimdry gentlemen and ftraagers, that were his friends and retainers,
fccretly to repair into the town, infbmuch as the city began to be
replenilhed in ^vers places, and alnK>ft itt ^11 quarters, with Gui-
zards and leaguers. But the King having fecret advertifements
before-hand, both of his coming and of hi^devilifh intents, and tend-
ring greatly the quietncfs and welfare of the town., laboured what
he could to prevent all inconveniences that might arife. And there-
fore caufed twelve enfigns of SwitzerSr and eight enfigns of French
footmen, to be brought thitheit, having four enijgns of his guard
already there ; and caufed his colonels and captains to feize upon
certain ftrong and fenciblc places of Paris, that by that means they
might be the better able to fupprefs any fuddeu ftirs and uproars,
and retain the towa ia objedi^nce and peace. And to thai end, he

caufed

STATE PAPERS.

«75

caufed fome of tlie Lords of the Council, and Knights of the Order ^'^^r^'^'
of the Holy Ghoft, accompanied with divers officers of the crown 1588.
and town, to make an cxadl fearch throughout all the quarters
of Paris, to the end thereby to difcover and find out the ftate of the
town» and alfo to avoid fuch ftrangers as fhould be found there, not
to be avowed as they ought. But the Duke of Guife, like to the
fpider, that fucketh poifon out of fweet flowers, took occafion hereof
by divers of his efpials, that wandered up and down in every corner,
to make the people (notwithftanding the King's great care to keep
the town in perfedt quietnefs, fufficiently appeared to all wife men,
and dutiful fubjefts) to betake themfelves to arms, and rebel, affirming
that thefe forces, which the King had brought into the town, were
purpofely provided for the facking of Paris, and putting divers of
the chief and befl: citizens to death. The giddy-headed multitude
enraged with thefe falfe furmifes, animated by the prefence of the
Duke, and ordered (or rather difordered) by the Duke's followers,
made an alarum to arms, fortified themfelves in places of flrength,
aflailed the King's forces with defperate fury, flew fifteen of the
Switzers, wounded as many more, and unarmed the refl, fet upon
certain companies of the King's guards unarmed, and cafl: them into
prifon, and began to fortify and make trenches againfl the Louvre»
as if they would have befieged the King. But becaufe the Duke
perceived that the King kept himfelf clofe in the Louvre, whither
divers good fubjedts reforted, to adventure their lives in defence of
his Majefty, and alfo that this broil was haftened too foon, for he
would have had the pofleffion of the King before thefe matters fliould
have been broached, he durfl: not attempt any thing againfl his Ma-
jefly's perfon. The King then feeing that there was no good to be
done, and that he laboured in vain to appeafe this tumult, aban-
doned and forfook the town, rather than he would hazard the ftate
of it by employing his forces againfl the inhabitants thereof, and fo
flying from thence, efcaped the fury of that brunt. When the King

N n 2

was

27^

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- y^g^s gonc, the Duke laboured to make men believe that thefe brollj
1588. * happened againft his will ; and to caufe himfelf to be the lefs fuf-
pe£ted, he releafed the Swit:^er8 and foldlers that were taken pri-
foners, reftored them their arms, quieted the citizens, took all the
ftrong places of the city into his own hand, and fealed up the King's
coffers of his Exchequer (but took out the money firft), protefting
that he did it not but to confign the whoh into the King's handsj
when he fhould be at peace, or if need were, to employ it for the
prcfervalion of the Romifli religion and the Catholics, and to fet
them at liberty from the perfecutions which the hereticks, confede-
rates (as he termed them) that were about the King, did prepare for
them. And although thefe infolent attemptSjdifgraces, and indignities,
preferred by the Duke againft the King his Sovereign, did manifeft
to all the world his treacherous and undutiful meaning, yet he took
upon him, by a letter fent unto the King, to excufe thematter (God
knows very barely), but with brave and high fpeeches, and after-
ward proffered unto the King certain articles of accord, much dero-
gatory to the King's Majefty, his honour, quietnefs, and fafety, and
tending wholly to the honour and advancement of the Duke and his
complices: which articles I have here inferted, that the Duke's dif^
loyalty may thereby the better appear, in that he, being a fubjefl and
vafTal, dare prefume to preferibe laws and conditions of peace unto his
fovercign liege Lord, which (no doubt) is to be reckoned a bold, pre-
fumptuous, and treafonable a(Stion. Some of the articles are thefe
enfuing. .. - -

1. That whereas the Duke had f^ent the greatef^ part of his
wealth and treafure in maintaining the wars againft the King of
Navarre, and the heretics, and was by that means grown very far
in debt, that the King, without any delay, Ihould prefcntly pay alt
hi& debts out of the treafure of the crown.

2. Next, that the King Ihould appoint and conftitute the Duke
of Guife Lieutenant-general of all his forces, and refer all his wars,

both

STATE PAPERS.

277

both againft the heretics and others, to be ordered by his dif- E L i z A-

. ■'BETH.

cretion. 1588.

3. Thirdly, That the King fhould caufe an affembly of the States
to be forthwith fummoned, to which aflembly none xhould be ad-
mitted, but fuch peers, nobles, and burgeffes of towns, as the Guife
ihould make fpecial choice of, for fear (as he pretended) left fome
heretic might flip in amongft the reft, which, by his provident care,
he meant warily to look unto.

4. Laftly, That the King ftiould renounce all leagues and amity
with all proteftant Princes and States whatfoever, but fpecially with
the Queen of England and the town of Geneva ; and ihould fwear
to maintain the Holy League, with other fuch like prefumptuous,
dangerous, and traiterous articles, unworthy and unbefitting a fub-
je£t to offer to his King, which afterward you fliall hear more
largely, as they were propounded at the affembly of Blois. Thefc
articles the King could by no means brook, but becaufe the time
fervcd him not to find fault withal, he condefcended and promifed,
that he would fubmit himfelf to the counfel and advice of the Peers
and States of France, and if by them, thefe articles were thought con-
venient and neceffary for the commonwealth* he would willingly
bind himljblf to the obferving. tham. In the mean feafon, the Queen
Mother and others laboured £b effedlually between them, that the
King and the Duke, in outward appearance, were reconciled again.
The Duke being crept again into the King's favour (as he thought)
began, after his accuftomed manner, to urge the King very ia-
flanily, to fend another army againft the King of Navarre, where-
unto he readily condefcended,. and fentan army of 20,00.0, of which
he made the Duke of Nevers General, who fometime had been a-
Guifard, but was now become firm, on the King's fide, by reafon of
a marriage which the King, had made between him and the Duke of
Longueville's daughter. The Duke of Guife did much millfkethat
tlic army was not committed to the charge of feme of his affinity or.

fadiooii

lum

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278

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
B K T H.

J588.

fadion. Neverthelefs, becaufe the Duke of Ncvers was a Githolic
and no friend to the King of Navarre, he durfl not find fault with
Juin, left, in fo doing, he ihould difclofe his anibitious humour too
■apparently. And therefore, feeming not to miflike the choice of fuch
a General, he procured from the King, that a gentleman called La
Chaftre, Governor of Bourges, a man wholly devoted to the Duke of
Guife, might be appointed Marfhal of the Field } that, feeing he could
not have the chief command of the whole army, yet, at the leaft, he
might be privy to all the intendments of the General, and Arike a
great ftroke in difpofmg the affairs of the camp, by reafon of this
Marfhal. . ,

This army, as fhall afterwards be declared, flood the King in
fuch and fo great flead, as if it had been purpofely provided againfl
the Guifards. But the Duke having his eyes dazzled with gazing
and gaping greedily over fovereignty, and his fenfes in a manner
fo dulled with continual meditating thereon, and greedily thirfling
to quench his unfatiable ambition, with no lefs than a whole king-
dom, was fo carried away with vain conceits and imaginations of
ruling and conquering, that he never thought upon the hidden hatred
worthily conceived by the King againfl him; but thinking the
King to be void of all courage and care of his eflate, never offered
to found the depth of his intents ; whereas the King, on the other
fide (wifely diffembling the matter, and feeming not to take notice
of the Duke*s difloyal meaning, becaufe at that time he knew not
how to remedy it) lay hovering to take the Duke and his fellow con-
fpirators at an advantage, when he might fafely, without any danger
to himfelf, be revenged on their curfed bodies, which at length he
mofl happily performed, almofl beyond all men's expedation, to
the great wonder and aflonifhment of the world. But all this not-
withflanding, the Duke, prolecuting flill his intended mifchiefs,
hammered daily new devices in his head, and at length fo far pre-
6 vailed

STATE PAPERS.

vailed with the King, that he got him to fummon an affembly of
the three eftates, to be forthwith holden at Blois, where, by him
and his faction, were propounded certain fundamental and irrevo-
cable laws, wholly tending againfl; the Majefty and fafety of the
King, and the lawful title of the King of Navarre to the Crown,
The efFeil of five of which laws were as followeth :

1. Firft, Becaufe the King was too backward and negligent^
33 he pretended, in profecuting the war againft the King of Navarre,
tlie Duke of Guife, by common confent, fhould be made High Con-
ftable of France, an office that by birth appertained to the Duke of
Montmorency, and the managing of all the wars fhould be com-
mitted only and wholly to him.

2. Secondly, Becaufe the King was ever carelefs in fpending the
treafures of the Crown, beftowing largely upon his favourites and
minions, that he Ihould be put to a penfion of 300,000 crowns by
the year, to maintain his eftate withal ; and two fuch trcafurera
fliould be named, and appointed to have the receiving, ordering,,
and difpofing of all the revenues and profits of the Crown, as the
whole body of the affembly of the eftates (hould pleafe to nominate,
which were in effe£l two fuch as the Duke himfelf Ihould chufe.

3. Thirdly, whereas the King was greatly charged with a guard
of forty-five penfioners, to whom, befides their daily diet in the
Court, he allowed yearly 1 200 crowns to each man ; that thofe, and
other fuperfluous officers, as he termed them, fliould be difmiffed^
and the exceffive charge thereof faved. Here, by the way, it is to be •
underftood* that thefe penfioners are commonly called in France by
the name of Les quarant cinque, and are, for the moft part, younger
brothers of great houfe, or fuch gentlemen in whom^ the King re-
pofeth fpecial confidence. Their order is, to go and ride alwaya-.
armed, either with cuiraffes of proof, partizans, fword and target^,
calivers, piftolets, or any other kind of weapon that they beft fancy.
They always lodge, in the ne.^t chamber to the King's bed-chamber,,.

873

E L I Z AV
BETH.

1588.

{

■III

f '5

' *

aSo

STATE PAPERS.

^B^'W^ and, wherefoever he goes or rides, are next attendants unto his per-
• sCT. fon. The Duke did labour to have thefe nven removed from the
King, not for their great charge, but that the king being bereft of
all fuccour, and left in a manner naked, might the eafier be fur-
prized, and made a prey unto his mifchievoiis and devilifh treafons.
But the Quarant Cinque (who, if this had gone forward, were like
to lofe fo notable a penfion) did generally bear a deadly and unap-
peachable hatred agalnil the Duke, which afterward ferved the King
to very good purpofe.

4. Fourthly, that no peace nor pacification fliould be made with
the Pro'.eftants, but that they (hould be aflailed on all fides, with
fire and fword, until they were utterly extirpated and rooted out of
France.

. 5. Laftly, that no heretic, nor any claiming from and by a he-
retic, fhould be reputed capable of the Crown of France.

The fcope of thefe laws levelling diredly to the advancing of the
Duke to the Crown, and, by confequence, threatning to the King a
headlong downfal from his high throne of Majefty, or elfe a fudden
and unavoidable death fliortly to betide him, amazed the unfortunate
King very much, and made him call all his wits about him, to
devife fome one means or other to provide for his own fafety with
all fpeed. And, to increafe his fear and vigilant care the more, he
was, by fecret advertifements, given to underfland, that the Duke of
Guife impatient of longer delay and ftrait,and full of damnable treafons
and confpiracies, would attempt, as uponChriftmas day laft, to murder
him, as he ihould go to mafs in the night. For on that day the
King goeth ufually to three mafles, one in the morning, another in
the afternoon, and the third at midnight.

Though the fctreacherous calamities, huddling one upon another's
neck, had been enough to fet fome men quite befide their wits, yet
did the King, whatfoever he thought inwardly, make outward fem-
blance as if he had fufpe£ted nothing. And although his inward

thoughts

STATE PAPERS*

thoughts were undoubtedly cumbered with clouds of care, yet out-
wardly he made fair weather of all, and bore himfelf fo wifely, fo
conftantly, and fo quietly, that he (howed not any more fign of dif-
conteatment by his countenance, behaviour, or otherwife, than ia
the quieteft and moft peaceable times of all his life before. And
which is moft ftrange, he neither took advice, nor did communicate
the matter with any creature in the world (though fome think he ufed
the advice of his Secretary de Revol), but took counfel only of his
pillow, and with mature deliberation contrived a plot in his brain, for
the releafmg of himfelf upon thefe dangerous calamities, and for the
revenging of himfelf upon his hateful and accurfed enemies, whiclv
he put in practice, and did moft fortunately efted, according to his
wiflied defire, after this fort, as foUoweth :

On Chriftmas Even's Even, with us the 13th of December laft,
all the States being aflembled at Blois for the caufes above fpecified,
the King gave out that, the next morning betimes, he meant to go
on Pilgrimage to Noftre Dame of Clere, a place eighteen miles dif-
tant from Blois, and to that end he gave commandment, that the
Quarant Cinque fhould make themfelves ready very early to attend
upon him } and at night when he fhould go to bed, he willed one of
the*gentlemen of his chamber to bring him in pen, ink and paper,
and then to ftiut the door to him, faying, that he had fome affairs
to write of, which when he had difpatched, he would go to bed of
himfelf, without any help. But having his brains bufied with a
thoufand cogitations, amongft fundry devices that came into his head,
he thought no way fo good, as by making away with the Duke, and
others of the confpiracy, to affure his own eftate and life. For he
certainly perceived, that as long as the Duke did live, neither fh juld
himfelf live in quietnefs and fafety, nor France enjoy any refpite
from troubles and calamities; whereas, by the Duke's death, himfelf
fhould be delivered of a dangerous and deadly enemy, and his
country of France of a pernicious plague. But fometimes fearing to

O o attempt

ELIZA-

Bf. rH.

1588.

II" [ -M^

■m

»f2

STATE PAPERS.

Wi^H^" attempt the Duke's death, bccaufe he had fiich a multitude of friend*
is«s- in town, fometinics determining to do it one way, fomctimcs an-
other way, fomctimes to defer it till another time. In the midft of
thcfc and other ambiguous doubts, he could aiford his wakeful eyes
no leifure to take their natural red. But at length conHdering hia
own death to be intended within two days, he thought it a point
of extreme folly to fpend too long time in deliberating, but refolved
prcfcntly to prevent it if he could, by hazarding to kill the Duke
the next day, left the day after himfelf fhould ga to the pot; and
if he failed to bring his purpofe to pafs, then to go on pilgrimage,
and by flight to feek fomewhere to fave his life. And therewithal
he thought it very requifite to appoint the means how fundry of the
confpirators, being far diftant in feveral places, might all at one
inftant drink of the fame cup, that there might none be left alive
in his kingdom that fhould dare to feek revenge of the Duke's death.
Whereupon, he fet himfelf to writing letters, warrants, commifTions
and inftructions, and appointed divers of his friends what parts they
fhould play in this tragedy ; but in fuch fort, that none of them
fhould know to what end, or wherein they were to be employed,
until the very time they were to put in pradice the' thing that they
had in charge. In this wife he fpent the night, until it was four
of the clock in the morning, and then thinking it time to fet his
practice abroach, he called for one of his gentlemen, who coming
in, and perceiving the bed made, and many letters Jying before the
King, imagined that there was fome great matters in the wind, but
of all other things he leaft fufpedled that, which afterwards happened.
The King willed the gentleman to go to the lodging of one Laverdin
and to command him to come prefently unto him. This Laverdin
was nephew to the Duke of Nevers, and had a great charge of horfe-
men under his uncle, who fent him lately from the camp about fpe-
cial affairs unto the Court. When Laverdin was come into the
King*8 bed-chamber, the King told him> that he had certain intel-
ligence,

STATE PAPERS.

583

llgcncc, how the King of Navarre was determined to aflail the Duke V'l ^mi'^*
of Ncvcrs ill his camp, and had devifed fo exquifite a ftratagem to issa.
entrap the Duke withal, that itnlefs he was prcfently advertifcd of
it, it would be very hard for him, or any of his whole army to cfcape.
And therefore he willed Laverdin upon his allegiance, and as he tcn<
dered the honour and welfare of his uncle, and the whole camp, to
ride pud to his uncle with all poflible fpeed, and to deliver him a
letter, which the King gave him, wherein the Navarre's policy and
intent was fully difclofed, as he faid, and the means how to prevent
it ; charging him further, not to difclofe this matter to any alive but
to his uncle. The young gentleman humbly taking his leave of the
King, promifcd to foreflow no time in thefe affairs ; for, taking it
for a great favour to have a matter of fuch importance committed to
his trufl and diligence, he made all hade he could on his way, and
fo much the rather becaufe his uncle's honour and fafety depended
thereupon. But the King fearing left fome extraordinary caufe
might ftay him too long in town, fent a gentleman after him to
haften away, and to fee him on horfeback, and to fuffer him to have
conference with nobody before his departure. This talk thus cun-
ningly told by the King to Laverdin, made the gentlemen of this
chamber afluredly to think that this was the only caufe of the King's
writing all night. And thereupon every man held himfclf fatisfied,
not fecking to difcourfe of any further caufcs. But the King had
written no fuch matter as he pretended; for the true and certain
cfFed of the letter was this, That the Duke of Nevers fliould pre-
fentlvj upon the receit thereof, apprehend La Chaftre, Mailer of the
camp, upon high treafon, and make him away by one means or
other, without producing of him into public judgment, alleging,
that he was of confpiracy with the Duke of Guife for murdering
of the King. And further he certified him, that he meant that
morning to difpatch the Duke, and therefore commanded him to
retire with his army towards Blois, that he might have a power

O o 2 about

\tl

■;ii

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
B \L r II.

1588.

about him in a rc.idincfs to williHand any fudden attempt of thofe of
the league, who, as it was doubted, would prcfcntly, after the Duke
of Guife's death fliould be once notfed abroad, betake themfelves to
arms. I^verdin made not fo great hafte» but that La Chaftre was
advertifcd of the Duke of Guife's death, half a day at lead before
Laverdin came to the camp, and advifed to fhift for himfelf, by a
xneflenger fent exprefsly unto him for that Only purpofe. Where-
upon, perceiving it impoffible for him to efcape, fo many horfcmea
being in the camp ready to purfue him upon the Duke's command,
if once he (hould attempt to fly, went prefently and fubmitted him-
felf unto the Duke of Nevers, and fent his fon and heir unto the King
as hoftage and pledge of his good and dutiful behaviour, fiy which
means, and at the earncfl: fuit and intreaty of the Duke of Nevers
and others of La Cha(lre*s friends, the King gave him his pardon.
And becayfe the Duke de Mayne was a principal aftor in all thefe
confpiracies, and was well known to be hot-headed and rafh, and
ready for any violent and defperate attempt, the King thought it
gopd, above all the reft of the leaguers, to make fure play with him,
and therefore fent an Italian gentleman in Poft to Guadagne, Go-
vernor of Lyons, to carry him a letter, in which letter the treafons
of the houfe of Guife were declared, but efpecially the intended
murder of the King, and Guadagne commanded to apprehend the
Duke de Mayne, then being in Lyons, and fecretly to caufe him to
be done to death. But the Duke de Mayne having intelligence of
his brother's death by a courier that came two hours before Gua-
dagne received the King's letters, caufed his horfes to be bridled and
faddled, and his gentlemen to make themfelves ready to ride, and
fent for Guadagne and others of the chief of the city to come and
fpeak with him. When ihey were come, the Duke de Mayne in
few words declared unto them, that the King had murdered his bro-
ther the Duke of Guife, and that he fought the alteration of religion,
and fubverfion of the commonwealth, by murdering the chief Peers
§. and

STATE PAPERS.

885

•nd Nobles of France ; and that, amongfl the reft, himfclf was ap
pointed to the flaughter. Wherefore, he exhorted them, for the love
they bore unto their mother the Holy Church, and to their native
country, that they would aflift him to revenge this open tyranny, and
fight in defence of the Catholic religion. Behold the perfedl pat-
tern of a difloyal traitor, who feeks to arm fubjeds againft their law-
ful King, and flanderoufly to term that by the odious name of ty-
ranny, which in right cannot otherwife be called, than the due exe-
cution of juftice by the King's authority for treafon. But Guadagne
and the reft would by no means hearken to thefe difloyal perfuafions,
and yet bearing him in hand, that they would willingly adventure
their lives, either in defence of him or any of his. This they
perfuaded him, becaufe they knew not how the townfmen would-
fiand affected in fuch a cafe ; and that it was not fafe for him to ftay
there any while, but to get him to fome place of more aflfurance,
before the King fhould fend to apprehend him. This they fpake,..
to the end they might be rid of his company, mifdoubting left his
abode in Lyons might draw a number of light-headed and needy
companions to take his part, and by that means raife a mutiny and
rebellion, and perhaps enforce the town to revolt from the King.
The Duke v/as as willing to be gone as they were defirous to have
him gone, becaufe he perceived that it w^s dangerous for him to ftay
there over long, being pent within the walls of Lyons, like a bird in
a cage, and amongft fuch friends as he knew not how he might'
truft them; wherefore he prefently pofted away, and efeaped intO'
his government of Burgundy. Glad was Guadagne when he re-
ceived the King's letter, that the Duke was departed, for he doubted-
that he fhould. not have been able to have executed the King's com-
mandratnt* the Duke having intelligence thereof before hand j
and befides, he feared left, by his prefence, the quiet ftate. of the
town might have been greatly endangered. Yet,.fince that, Lyons i»
revoked from the King, and joined with, the traitors leaguers*

Thef*

E L T 7 A-
BET H.

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ill

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£44 '

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296

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA. Tiiefe two meflcngers being difpatched, the King fent for one En-

BET n.

1588. tragues, a famous captain, fome time a follower of the Duke of
Guife, but now grown into fpecial favour with the King, and told
him, that he would have him ride pod prefently to Orleans, and, by
any means (if he could) make himfelf maAer of the town, or, at the
lead, of the citadel, and delivered to him a warrant, commiflion, and
inflrudions, what he fhould do, when he had the abfolute command
of the town, written all with his own hand, and fealed with his own
fignet (as alfo were all the reft of the letters delivered to others), and
fo enjoining him to be fecret, fent him away. But what he had ia
commiifion to execute is not known ; for he getting pofleffion of the
citadel only, and not of the town, could not execute the King's com-
mandment. It is very iikely, that there were fome in Orleans that
ihould have affociated the Duke of Guife in this his laft journey,
but that they kept themfelves out of Entragues's hands.

Chevalier Breton underftanding that the Duke of Guife was flain,
polled \o faft towards Orleans, and recovered the town in fo fhorta
fpace, that together with Chevalier D*Aumale and others of the Guife's
fadion, they prevented Entragues of his purpofe, and kept the town
againfl the King. So that Entragues was conftrained to betake
himfelf into the citadel, and there continued, being kept out of the
town perforce. The King thought it not requifite to write to any
other towns for the apprehending of any others of the league, until
he had difpatched the Duke of Guife, left having too many adlors
upon the ftage at once, his intent might be difcovered before the
principal part was played. And to prevent all pofting and carrying
of news, he fent a ftrait commandment to the poft-mafter, charging
him upon pain of death to fufFer no man to have poft-horfes to ride
any whither, except he brought the King's own hand and feal for
a warrant. Thefe things thus feverally done, as if all his affairs
and bufinefs had been ended, he afked one of his gentlemen if the
Quarante-cinque were ready to attend him in his pilgrimage, who

anfwercd,

M] I

STATE PAPERS.

anfwcrcd, that they were, and waited his Majefty*s coming^. Then
the King willed him to fee that all things were in readinefs, becaufe
he meant not to ftay long ere he went. But firfl he commanded
him to go to his coufin the Duke of Guife, and to will him to come
and fpeak with him before his departure, becaufe he had fome occur-
rence of great importance touching the King of Navarre to acquaint
him withal. When the gentleman was gone for the Duke, the
King called for eight of the Quaranie-cinque to come to him into
his bedchamber, to whom he declared, that the occafion why he
had fent for them would admit no long difcourfe, becaufe the mat-
ter required prefent execution. But briefly he opened unto them^
what manifeft and moft injurious difgraces and indignities he had
fuffered at the Duke of Guife's hands, and how that the Duke waa
not content to have the government of the whole realm in a manner
at his own difpofition, but that he alfo fought to defpoil him of hi&
life and kingdom, and to hazard the utter fubverfion of the common-'
wealth by his mod traiterous, irreligious, and bloody pradices*
Then he fhowed them a letter of the Duke's intended treafons, add-
ing, with a moft pitiful countenance, that the only means for him
to be relieved in this extremity did refl: upon their dutiful affedtiona
and refolute courage j that as foon as ever the Duke fhould enter
into the chamber (for whom he had already fent, not doubting but
that he would come prefently) they ftiould all fet upon him, and kill
him in that place, and he would bear them out, and be their warrant
therein, and find a time to requite their faithful fervice to their feveral
contents. He exhorted them to (hew themfelves dutiful and hardy
in this cafe, urging them, that they, of all others, ought to be moft.
willing and ready to do it, becaufe the Duke was a heavy enemy of
theirs, labouring, as much as he could, to have their penfions takenj
from them (which he himfclf thought it verily to be with the leaft
for their deferts), and themfelves to be thruft out of the court and?
cafhiered. When he had faid this, he withdrew himfelf into art

inner

287

ELIZA-

BETHr

1588.

i Hi I

f f

i ' 1

I,-;

289

STATE PAPERS.

^bVt^h^' inner cabinet or clofet, and locked the door to him, having only a
1588. gentleman called Logniac in his company, leaving thofe eight
gentlemen in the anti-chamber armed (as their manner was), and
every one defirous to be revenged of the Duke, both in refpe£l of the
treafons intended againft the King» as alfo of the injury proffered to
themfelves. Neither had thefe gentlemen any time to deliberate of
the fad, not being made acquainted with it before that inftant: for
prefently after the King was gone into the cabinet, the Duke of Guife
thinking he was fent for bona fide about fome news, with a cheerful
countenance came into the King's bedchamber, for whom the eight
gentlemen, without any {how of anger or malice, made a ward, four
on the one fide and four on the other, and fuffered him quietly to
pafs into the midft of the chamber. But when he demanded for the
King, they fhut the door, and prefently ftept to him with their poi-
nards drawn : whereupon, he laid his hand upon his rapier, and
proffered to draw, but one of them, with his left hand, gripped him
by the arm fo flrongly, that he could not, and calling him traitor,
with his right hand gave him the ftab : with that, they fell all upon
him, and poinarded him on all hands. The Duke ftruggled, but all
invain, and upon a brave courage proffered what refiflance he was
able, but being over-preffed with a multitude of wounds, funk
down in the midft of his enemies. And fretting, fuming, chafing,
and fwearing, at laft uttered thefe words, " My fins have deferved
** this;" and gave up the ghoft. Lo here untimely and unnatural
death, the juft reward of monflrous treafon! Lo here the man
whofe life had been often glutted with bloody maflacring of the
children of God, doth now lie groveling in his own gore-blood,
having felt the like punifhment (though defervedly) which caufe-
lefs he had often inflidted, and that mofl cruelly, upon others !

The King, who all this while liflened to what was done, perceiv-
ing the Duke to be difpatched, came forth of his cabinet, and Aed-
faftly beholding the dead body, ufed thefe words* ** I had rather

. ** thou

STATE PAPERS.

289

" thou Ihouldeft die than Ij'* and caufed them to cover the body ^^-JJ'J"
with a cloth of arras, greatly commending them, and giving them is»8.
thanks for their good fervice.

It is credibly avouched, that not many days before the Duke of
Guife was thus executed, he had warning given him by the Prin-
cefs of Lorraine and Chevalier Breton, that he fhould take heed to
himfelf, becaufe they underftood by fome that were near to the King,
that his death was intended to be brought to pafs, either by poifon
or by outward violence, whenfoever occafion would ferve thereto.
But he made flender account of their warnings, being ftedfaftly per-
fuaded that the King either faw not the clofe conveyance of his fecret
confpiracies, or if he did fee them, that he durft not offer to feek
revenge. Yea, that very morning that he was fent for to the King
as he pafied through a dark entry in the court, an unknown man
delivered a letter to his page, requeuing him to give it prefently to
his Lord, becaufe it required great hade, and concerned him very
near. The Duke receiving this letter from the page, found therein
written, that the King did intend fome mifchief towards him,
and that he Ihould forbear, at any hand, to come that day in his pre-
fence, being a fatal, ominous, and unfortunate day unto him:
affirming, with very confident terms, that the King, without all
queftion, would that day attempt to take him away. When the
Duke had read the letter, he called for pen and iuK, and wrote un-
derneath, // tCoferoitt He dares not ; and then very fcornfully threw
v. over his (houlder, that any man might take it up, and fo proceed-
ed towards the King's chamber, without enquiring after the party
that wrote it, or ftiowing any fign of allonifliment or fear j whence
may be gathered, that he was fully grounded and fettled in this
opinion, that the King had not the heart to attempt any thing
againfl: him. Thus did ambition blind and befot this fond and
wretched Duke, being otherwife wife, and wary in all his adtions
that he thought he carried himfelf very covertly in his pradtices,

P p when

: ■ ■'i^'i

' : '1

M ; ft '1

hv.5 ; .

nr^ 'if

STATE PAPERS.

W t'^h^' when in truth they were fo apparent to all the wotltl, that all the
1588. world might point them cut with their fingers. He forgot that old
proverb (which, having fo often and fo defervedly incurred the dif-
pleafure of the King, he fhould daily have thought upon), That a
reconciled adverfary is not to be trufted. Neither did he once re-
member the faying of Solomon, That the indignation of a Prince
is death. But his appointed time was come, which he, by no means,
could alter or defer : for it is not all the wit or policy in the world that
can withftand or prevent what the Lord of Hofts hath once decreed.
He taketh away wifdom ft-om the learned and politic, and enfeebleth
the flrength of the courageous. He blindeth the underflanding of
the mod circumfpe£t, when once they ojppofe themfelveis againft
him and his Anointed, perfecuting Chrift in his members, and de-
fpifing the lawful authority of Princes : yea, he caufeth evil to hunt
fuch wicked men, and never to leave them, til! carelefsly they tUn
headlong into deftrudtion. Seeing this is the reward of wickediiefs,
ceafe, ye licentious worldlings, under colour of religion, to fatisfy
the ambitious lufts of your heart. Ceafe, ye unbridled traitors, to
lift up your arms againft the Lord's Anointed. Though the fear o£
God will not reclaim you, and keep you in awe, yet let this juft
and inevitable chaftifement, defervedly inflided upon the Guife, be a
warning to ye all, by his example, not to delight inbloddy perfecution,
prophane atheifm,and ambitious tteafon; left, if you take not ekan^le
by him, and fuch like, to fcave your filthinlefs and corruptions, where-
in, like fwine, ye delight to welter, the Lord find you out in his fury,
and make you to ferve as an example to others, of his moft juft
punifhment.

But to return to our purpofe, the tragedy being thus begun with
the death of the chiefeft, the King thought it very neceflary to omit
no time, but immediately to appoint the other adors thdr parts;
and thereupon, he fcnt for the Marfiial D'Aumont, and Larchant,
one of the Captains of his guard, and fhowing them the dead

Duke,

STATE PAPERS.

291

: all the
that old
the dif-
That a
once re-
a Prince
o mean6>
rorld that
; decreed,
infeebleth
iinding of
;s againft
s, and de-
ll to hunt
they tun
rickednefst
, to fatisfy
traitors, to
:he fear of
1 this juft
uife, be a
irfecution,
»t ekantple
|n8, where-
his fury,
moft juft

;gua with

ry to omit

leir parts ;

Larchant,

the dead

Duke,

Duke, briefly declared the caufe that moved him, in fo defperate a ^^^r^i(^'

difeafe, to ufe fo violent a medicine ; and commanded the Marfhal to
take with him a fufficient company of his guard, and to command
the gates of the caftle to be kept, and to appoint men in fuch other
places as he ihould think meet for the quieting and fupprelTmg of
any fudden uproar that might happen, and to fuflPer none to pafs up
and down the caftle without the watch-word. Then was Larchant
commanded to take with him fome forty or fifty of the guard, and to
go with them into the great hall (which was, in a manner, directly
under the King's chamber, where, by that time, the Peers and States
were affembled, not hearing, or fo much as dreaming, of that which
had happened), and there to arreft upon high treafon the two Car-
dinals of Lorraine and Bourbon, the Archbilhop of Lyons, the Duke
d'Elbe,the Prefident de Nully, the Provoft of the Merchants of Paris,
tb€ Prefident of Orleans, the Lieutenant-colonel of Amiens, with
divers Bifhops, Lawyers, and other great men, and to commit them
all prifooers in feveral places of the caftle. The Marflxal performed
his charge very orderly ; and Larchant likewife, accompanied with
a great many of the guard, every man with his match in the cock,
and their pieces charged with the bullet, accomplifhed the King's
command in all points, without any gain-faying or refiftance ; for
he came fo ftrong that they durft not difobey him, and fo unlooked
for, that they wift not what to fay, but like iheep, or rather like
goats, who are led to the flaughter, they were all carried away
cafily. And, left fome bufy-headed fellows (hould take occafion
thereupon to make a mutiny in the town, the King, at the very
fame inftant that thefe matters were a doing in the great hall, had
fent one Duchald, a notable captain, with fome bands of the Switzers
of his guard, into the town, commanding to lock the gates, and to
appoint watch and ward in convenient places, and to fufFer no man
to ftir out of his doors, and then to repair, with a fufficient power, to
the lodging of the Dutchefs of Nemours (mother to the Duke of

P p 2 Guife,

1588.

5 • f^'i!;'

': .1

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'f '^. 3

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■ 1-

293

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.
BETH.

1588.

Guifc, and married, fincc the death of her firft hufliand, to the Duke
of Nemours), and commanded to keep as prifoners in their own
houfe, the Dutchefs, the young Duke her fon, and the Prince de Joln-
ville, fon and heir to the Duke of Guife« who at that time were all
lodged in one houfe. The Prince de Joinville came to town for no
other purpofe at that time, but to marry the Princefs of Lorraine by
proxy, for and in the name of the Duke of Florence, to whom fhe was
betrothed. Moreover, the King, to take away all caufes of fufpicion,
and fear, from the townfmen, and others, that were not privy to the
confpiracy, caufed to be proclaimed, that this hurley-burley was
only to apprehend certain that had confpired the King's death, and
that there (hould be no violence or injury offered to any others ;
commanding all men therefore, upon pain of death, to keep themfelves
quiet, and not to (lir abroad, until the King's commandment were
fully accomplifhed in apprehending the confpirators. Mean while,
the King was not idle, but having, before that, determined what
to do in every cafe, caufed the Duke of Guife's trunk and cafkets to
be broke open, to make fearch for letters and other news, and fent
for Pelicard the Duke's fecretary, unto whom the King fhowed the
dead corpfe of his mailer, the more to terrify him, charging him
that he was of counfel with the Duke in all his confpiracies, which
he mufl now difclofe from point to point ; and if he did refufe,
deny, or conceal any thing, it fhould be the worfe for him. But
becaufe, at that prefent time, his leifure ferved him not to examine
him at large, he commanded him to be committed clofe prifoner
until another time. Pelicard, being afterward examined, confefled
many villanous pradkices agreed upon by the Duke and fome of the
leaguers againft the King, the leaft of which were fufficient to con-
demn his mafter of high treafon. And, if the King had not taken
that time, on Chriftmas midnight mafs, they had murdered the
King, the Prince of G)ndc, and the Count of Soiflbns, his brother.
He confefled likewife, that when the King fled from the Gu'.fe out

i !

STATE PAPERS.

29.?

of Paris, there was a plot laid to have murdered the King, as he ^^fl\^'i^\/"
ftiould have gone on proceffion. A miferablc thing, that thefe men, 'S8«-
who would needs be counted the very main pillars and only up-
holders of religion, fhould, in the temple of God, and at the ex-
ercife of the highefl: point of their religion (as, falfely, they term that
abominable idol of the mafs), offer to pollute their devilifh hands in
the blood of their lawful and anointed King, againd whom, by the
word of God (though he be wicked), they ought not, fo much as
once in heart, to conceive any hurt. But thefe are the fruits of that
Prince-quelling profeflion of Popery, which frames itfelf, in moft
points, to be contrary to God's word, that it may the better be known
to be forged by Antichrift : for whereas it is the exprefs commandment
of God, that every foul (hould fubmit itfelf to the higher powers,
as to the ordinance of God, this antichridian religion not only
alloweth, but alfo, with rewards, enticeth and procureth vaflals and
fubjeds to bear arms againft their Sovereign, and traiteroufly to de-
pofe or murder him, without regard either of time, place, or duty,
or religion, in contempt of God's ordinance, and the politic efta-
biifhed laws of all nations. But to return to our purpofe, from
whence we are digreffed : the Queen-Mother, who at that time kept
her bed, through extreme ficknefs and grief, for her eafe, was lodged
in the moft quiet and remoteft place of all the caftle, far from the
noife and concourfe of people, by reafon whereof flic heard nothing
of all this bufinefs. But the King having accompliflied the moft
part of his defires, thought good to make her acquainted with the
matter, and to carry her the firft news of it himfelf. Whereupon,
accompanied only with eight gentlemen, that were in his chamber,
he went to his mother's lodging, paffing through the great hall,
where the States remained ftill, every man fearing that the cafe
might be his own, and revolving in their troubled and difquieted
minds, what might be the fcquel of this ftrange attempt; and, as
he paffed, they did all humble obeifance unto the King, and he like-
wife

294

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.
BETH.

1588.

wife very courteoufly faluted them again : neither could they per-
ceive by his countenance, geflurc, or othcrwifc, that he was any
thing moved or diftempered with what was done. Being come in-
to his mother's chamber (after he had faluted her, and fome few
words had pafled between them, as touching her ficknefs, the hope
of recovery, and fuch like matters), at length he burfl out into thefe
words : " Madame, there is now no other King in France but my-
*' felf." She anfwered, that flie never knew it otherwife thefe
many years. But he replied, that he was now King of full years,
and out of his vvardfliip. Whereto (he anfwered, that (he under-
derftood not his meaning ; for fhe never heard of any that durft or
could deny it, fince he came firft to the crown, but that he was ab-
folute King, fubjed to the command of none alive. He then, not
minding to hold her longer in fufpence, difcourfed to her, at large,
his morning's work, the Duke's treafons, and the caufes that moved
him to practice revenge in fuch fort as he had done. The Queen,
amazed to hear thefe ftrange and unlooked-for news, fetching a deep
figh, faid unto him, '* It is well done (my fon), if it be well done.
" But I would you had made the Pope's Legate acquainted with it
*' before you had taken it in hand, for fear leaft his Holinefs con-
*' ceive ill of the manner of the doing it." " That had been the
** way to have marred all (quoth the King), and to have had my
whole purpofe difclofed to the Guife. But now it is done, I mean
to certify his Holinefs of it, who (no doubt) will approve my
*' dealing herein, as being enforced by neceffity to take this, and 00
** other courfe. And I am fure his Holinefs will the rather not miflike
" it, becaufe at his firft inftalment in the fee of Rome, in fomewhat
" the like cafe, he ufed a pradice not much unlike to this." And
fo requefting his mother to be of good comfort, and to have fpecial
regard of her health, without troubling herfelf with matters of im-
portance, which he requefted her to refer only to his vigilant care,
who would take fuch order therein as ihould be to her content, he
2 reverently

((

STATE PAPERS.

=9^-

rcvercntly took his leave, and went prefcntly to dinner, where he ^ L i z a-

fed as heartily, and looked with as chearful a countenance, as if he
had, that day, attempted nothing but ordinary matters. After din-
ner, word was brought him, that the Cardinal of Lorraine took on
grievoufly, and ufed divers reproachful words againfl the King, for
the death of the Duke his brother, threatening to find the means to
be revenged. The King, fomewhat moved with thefe prefumptuous
and unadvifed fpeeches, and calling to mind the difloyal pranks of
this undutiful prelate, commanded the Captain of the Scottish guard
to take fome of his guard with him, and to difpatch the Cardinal out
of the way : which commandment of the King he prefently put in
execution, and caufed the Cardinal to be flain. Though this re-
venge did fully fatisfy and appeafe the King's wrath and difplea-
fure, conceived juftly againll the Guife, yet to the end thofe of the
League might hereafter have no means to make reliques of his
hateful body, he caufed the fame to be burned to alhes, and the
afhes to be difperfed and thrown into the river. And becaufe the
King under ftood that the Archbifliop of Lyons was the chiefeftman to
whom the Duke commonly ufed to commit the very fecrets of his
heart, and that he was alfo a principal devifer and contriver of all
his damnable treafons, he determined to refpite his life, and to re-
ferve him in prifon, that he might, at better leifure, fetch further
matter out of him, and learn of him the very depth of the Duke's
intents, together with the names of all his favourers, counfellors and
abettors ; and at length have him openly condemned by law. But
the Cardinal of Bourbon being drawn into this adlion, by the impor-
tunity of thofe of the League, rather than by his own malice, hath
his life granted him, at the earneft intreaty of fome of his friends
that are near about the King : and the rather, becaufe, being very
old, he is not likely to live long; and though he live, he is not likely,
by reafoa of his imbecillity and weaknefs, to do any great hurt.

But,,

i;88.

\ ■■(.;■•

^.W''i

2g6

V'r\

ELIZA-
BETH.

1588.

STATE PAPERS.

But* as yet, he is detained in prifon, as arc likewife the Prince dc
Joinville* the Dutchefs of Nemours, and the Duke her Ton.

When the King had finifhed this tragical enterprize upon two of
the greateft perfonages in all France, and others of the Pope-holy
league, he caufed the gates of the town, and caftle of Blois, to be
fet open, that all might freely go in and out at their pleafure. That
night, divers of the Duke of Guife's friends fled from the town of
Blois, and other places, to Orleans, to the Chevalier Breton, and the
Chevalier D*Aumale, who, as is before fpecified, hold the town, per
force, againfl the King. Entragues, having feized the citadel, kept it
a while for the King's behoof, and, as much as he could, annoyed the
town with his ordnance. But the leaguers trufling to their multi-
tude, offered to batter the citadel, and to win it by aflault. All
day, and all night long, the bullets flew between them, as meflfen-
gers of afTured death, to whomfoever they talked withal. At jjngth,
the Duke of Nevers came thither, hoping to play the ftickler b*:iween
them. But wherein the want was, I know he hath as yet done no
great good.

Sir Edward Stafford, Ambaflfador for her Majefly in the Court of

France, at Blois.

No. XVIII.

Prince dc
I.

an two of
Pope-holy
lois, to be
ire. That
le town of
tif and the
I town, per
del, kept it
nnoyed the
heir multi-
ffault. All
as meffen-
At !:ngth,
:ler b*;tween
yet done no

,e Court of

No. XVIII.

STATE PAPERS.

(^ •':■•<::

f'* " 1 /':! I , •■5':

\Ui "' ii';'; '.. htw- '/.il .li

No. xviir.

!.J..»

297

ELIZA.
BETH.

Letters to and from Lord Leicejiery in the Low Countries*

[Thefe letters relative to the Earl of Leiceller's adminlftratloh in the
Low Countries, are taken out of a much larger number, which*
together with thofe about the Spanish Armada, and the conco-
mitant Negociation in Flanders, would form a feparate work, and
not an uninterefling one. The charafter of Leicefter is ftrongly
marked in them, paflionate and vinditStive, but with more con-
fiderable talents for bufmefs, than Camden and other hiftorians
allow him.]

Lord Burghley to Lord Leicejier,

My very good Lord, ■.•r. ,*

YOUR laft letters, come to my hands, were by your Lord(hip
written at the Hague the 29th of January, by which I was
glad to perceive you h^^d received my letters fent by Mr. Alye and
my fon ; which were made old letters by the contrary winds, which
of late have been fo conftant to hang long in our coaft, as either your
Lordfhip there have caufe, or we here to wifl\ it ; for it holdeth
ftrongly either Weft, which pleafeth us to fend, but not to hear ; or
elfe in the Eaft, which difcontenteth either of us in contrary man-
ner. By your Lordfliip's letters I find many things of my letters
anfwered, and fo I ftiall be able to fatisfy her Majefty ; but to be
plain with your Lordftiip in a few vvords ; I, and other your Lord-
fliip's poor friends, find her Majefty fo difcontent with your accept-
ance of the government there, before you had advertifed, and had her
Majefty's opinion, that although I, for my own part, judge this adion

Q^q bo4h

From the
Originals in
the Cotton
Library.

1586.
Feb. 7ih.

■f

•I

i-i

■w:

^9'

STATE PAPERS.

VeVI^" ^^^^ honourable and profitable, yet her Majefty will not endure to
»58«- hear any fpecch in defence thereof. Ncvcrthelefs, I hope a fmall time
fliall alter this hard conceit in her Majefty, whereunto I have already,
and ihall not defift to oppofe myfelf, with good and found reafons,
to move her Majefty to alter her hard opinions. But, to end this
writing, I could not but to accompany this gentleman, Horatio Pal-
lavicine with my letter, whom, forhis wifdom and all other good qua-
Ilties, I need not to commend to your Lordfliip, being fo well known
and approved to your Lordihip as he is. From my houfe in Weft>
minfter,

- - - ; , ■ 1 ■ ■ • . [

Your Lordftiip^s moft aftured at command,

W. BURGHLEY.

't :>

Mr» Thomas Duddel&y to Lord Leicejier*

i$86.
Feb. nth.

T H AVE long forborne to write unto your Excellency, of the
great diflike Her Majefty hath conceived of your Honour's doing
there, touching the acceptance of the abfolute government of thofe
countries, having, long before this time, hoped your Excellency would
have fent away Mr. Davifon to have fatisfied her Majefty, touching
your whole proceedings in thofe caufes, as it pleafed your Excellency
to write unto me, in your laft letter, dated the loth of January, you
would do. But forafmuch as neither Mr. Davifon is as yet come,
neither hath your Honour hitherto written to her Majefty, fave of
thofe caufes which her Majefty taketh in fo ill part, all your ho-
nourable friends here have much ado to fatisfy her Majefty, and
to ftay her from fuch proceedings, to the overthrow of your Lord-
fliip's doing there, as would not only breed you great difcontent-
ment, but alfo be the utter ruin of that fervice, and country, and
withal, aggravate her Highnefs*s diflikes of that adlion. It was

5 told

•il .' f-

STATE PAPERS.

«99

told her Majeftjr, that my Lady was prepared prcfcntly to come over ^J^J,/./^
to your Excellency, wiih fuch a train of Ladies and Gentlemcni and i;8o.
fuch rich coaches, litters and fide faddles, as her Majcfty had none
fuch, and that there fliould be fuch a court of Ladies, as fliould far
furpafs her Majcfty's Court here. This information (though mofl:
falfe) did not a little ftir her Majefty to extreme choler and diflike of
all your doings there, faying with great oaths, (he would have no
more Courts under her obeyfancc but her own ; and would revoke
you from thence with all fpeed. This, Mr. Vice Chamberlain firft
told me in great fecret, and afterwards Mr. , and laft of all

my Lord Treafurer. Unto them all I anfwered, that the inform-
ation was moll falfe in every degree, and that there was no fuch pre-
paration made by my Lady, nor any intention in her to go over,
neither had your Lordfhip any intention to fend for her, fo far
as I knew. This being told her Majefty by my Lord Treafurer,
and Mr. Vice Chamberlain alfo, though not both at one time,
did greatly pacify her ftomachj and truly I do know, by very
good means, that my Lord Treafurer dealt mofl: honourably and
friendly for your Lordihip to her Majefty, both to fatisfy her High-
nefs in this report, as in t'other great a£lion, and fo hath Vice
Chamberlain done alfo. But the long ftay of Mr. Davifon*s company,
your Honour's forbearing to write to her Majefty all this while, not-
withftanding fo many meflengers as cometh from thence, doth greatly
offend her more and more, and, in very truth, makeU; all your friends
here at their wits end, what to anfwer or fay in your )ehalf. Her
Majefty hath, thefe ten or twelve days, devifed and been in hand with
many courfes how and in what manner to overthrow that which
your Honour, to your infinite toil, and her Majefty's greateft fafety
and fervice, that ever any fubjeft did to their Sovereign, hath moft
gravely and politickly ' un, and hath fet down many platts for
that purpofe, which I am .ure your Excellency is not ignorant in.
And truly the Lord Treafurer hatli always befought her Majefty to

Q^q 2 keep

:i:

' 1

I; I

'r-H.

300

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1586.

keep one ear for your anfwer to her diflikee, and fo fufpend her
judgment till Mr. Davifon come, or that your Honour did write unto
her Majefty. The Lord Treafurer having been from the Court
thefe eight days, her Majefty hath, four days agone, propofed to fend
Sir Thomas Henneage unto you, with what commiflion I know not;
but Mr. Vice Chamberlain and Mr. Secretary very honourably doth
delay his difpatch, by all the means they can, and hopeth to put it ofF
till Sunday next, at which time the Lord Treafurer will be at the
Court, and then, by his help, they hope to qualify fome part of her
Majefty's intentions; looking before that time that Mr. Davifon will
arrive and fatisfy all furies. Mr. Vice Chamberlain hath of late told
me of the letter your Honour wrote unto him, which he acquainted
Mr. Secretary withal, and took his opinion whether to ihew it to her
Majefty or no ; but finding her Majefty in fuch hard terms for your
Lordfliip's not writing to herfelf, they thought it better then to
conceal it ; but yefterday, finding her Majefty difcontented, and haft-
ing to fend away Sir Thomas Henneage to your Lordfhip, they con-
ferred of the letter again, and blotting out fome things which they
thought would be ofFenfive, and mending fome other parts as they
thought beft, Mr. Vice Chamberlain refolved yefterday in the after-
noon (I being with him) to fhew it unto her Majefty, hoping it will
be fome fatisfadkion to her Majefty in fome points, until further
matter do come. All this they do to put ofi^ Sir Thomas Hennrage's
difpatch, and yet, if he do come, I hope he fliall bring no evil news,
for I am fure her Majefty could not have fent any Gentleman of this
Court that loveth you more dearly, and would be more loth to cpme
with any unpleafant meflage unto you. Mr. Vice Chamberlain
thinkcth that your Honour's own letter to her Majefty will do more
good, and better fatisfy her Majefty in all things, than all that they
can do or fay ; and wiftieth withal, that you would beftovv fome two
or three hundred crowns, in fome rare thing for a token to her
Majefty. There be divers of that fide, who write to their friends
4 . , . here

STATEPAPERS.

here at the Court, of fuch things as falleth out there, and fo cometh
to her Majefty's knowledge by the women, which breedeth fome
offence, and were better they wrote more wifely, or not at all. The
Lord North feemeth to be a malecontent, and hath fo written to her
Majefty and alfo to my Lord of War, and, as it is faid here, cometh
away very fliortly. Thus your Excellency feeth how your honour-
able friends of the Council doth make me acquainted with fome of
thefe fecrets that concerneth your Honour, which I thought it my
duty to advertife you, hoping your Excellency will take it in good
part, and fo praying the Almighty to blefs all your doings, and
fend you moft profperous fuccefs in all your attempts.

Leicefler Houfe, this nth of February 1585-6.

Thomas Duddeley^

301

ELIZA-

BETH.

1585-6.

' Mr, Davifon to the Earl of Leicejier,

My fingular good Lord, '

AFTER my departure from your Lordfliip, I was detained at
the Brill fome five or fix days by the wind and weather. The
Friday following I put to the feas, and, by God*s goodnefs, had fo
happy a paffage, as, the next morning, by ten or eleven of the clock,
we anchored at the Reculvers within Margate, and the fame night
about midnight came to Gravefend, and from thence immediately
with the tide hither, where I arrived the next morning early. Within
an hour after, I lent to Mr. Secretary, to fignify fo much unto him>
and to know his pleafure where 1 might wait on him, before my
accefs to the Queen, that I might the better underftand in what
terms things ftood in Court, and accommodate my courfe there-
after. . ♦ .

.585-6.

Feb. 17th,

l! :!

302

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.
BETH.

1585-6.

He returned me anfwer, that your Lordfhip's long detaining me
there, had wounded the whole caufe ; that he thought her Majefty
would not fpeak with me ; and yet wiflied me to come forthwith to
the Court, left her Majefty, knowing of my arrival, before I pte-
fented myfelf, might thereat take occafion to increafe her offence.
The fame afternoon I repaired unto him, finding him utterly dif-
comfortcd with her Majefty's hard opinion and c>.'Urfe againft the
caufe. He let me underftand how heinoufly fhe took your accept-
ation of the government ; how fhe had refolved to difpatch Sir Tho-
mas Henneage to command you to refign if up, and to proteft her
difallowance thereof to the States : that flie had threatened Sir Philip
Sidney and myfelf, as principal adors and perfuaders thereof, for
which it feems we owe our thanks to fome with your Lordfiiip. I
was amazed at his difcourfe, as a thing far from that 1 looked for,
and let him fee as clearly as I could, what reafons and neceflity had
drawn both the States to prefs your Lordfhip's acceptance of the
government, and yourfelf at length to yield unto it ; afTuring him
that if her Majefty took the courfe fhe pretended, not only yourfelf
fhould thereby be moft unhappily and unworthily difgraced, but the
caufe withal utterly overthrown, with the perpetual ftains of her
honour, and detriment of her eftate. Within a while after, he went
up to her Majefty, and myfelf in the mean time to Mr. Vice Cham-
berlain, whither one of the grooms of her privy chamber came for
ine; I found her Majefty alone, retired into her withdrawing cham-
ber, which I took for fome advantage. She began in moft bitter and
hard terms, firft againft your Lordfhip for taking that charge upon
you, not only without warrant, but (that which fhe urged greatly)
againft her exprefs commandment (delivered unfo you fundry times,
as fhe faid, both by her own mouth, and confirmed by her Council},
as a thing done in contempt of her, as if either her confent had been
nothing worth, or the thing no way concerned her, aggrieving your
fault herein by all the circumftances fhe might. And, for my par-
ticular.

STATE PAPERS.

305

ticular, found herfelf no lefs offended, in that I had not openly \^^-i?jj^*
oppofed myfelf againfl: it, wherein I had, as (he pretended, greatly 1585-6.
deceived the opinion and truft {he had repofed in me. To all which,
before I took upon me to make any anfwer, I humbly befought her
Majefty, firft, to retain that gracious opinion of my poor duty, as
to think, that no particular refped whatfoever could carry me to deal
otherwife with her than became an honeft and dutiful fervant, re-
folved faithfully and truly to report unto her the true caufes and
circumftances of your Lordfliip*s proceeding in that behalf; and
next, that it would pleafe her to lend me a patient and favourable
ear, which obtained, I doubted not but that her Majefty would con-
ceive more equally both of your perfon and proceeding, than fhe
prefently appeared to do. And then fell to difcourfe unto her the
cftate of the country before your Lord(hip's coming. The gene-
ral difcomfort aad difcouragemement conceived upon the length
of your ftay. The doubtful terms wherein you found things
at your arrival, not only fome towns of fingular importance,
but fome whole provinces, inclining to a peace with the enemy,
as defpairing of any found or good fruit to grow of her Ma-
jefty's cold beginning. The general hatred and contempt of
their government, taxed with corruption, partiality, and confufion.
The continual profit and advantage the enemy made thereof, with
the infinite hurt and peril of that eftate, by no means able to fubfift
or ftand long, if it were not the more timely and difcreetly re-
formed. That to help this, and fave themfelves, they found no way
either fo fafe or fo profitable, as to fet fome perfon of wifdom and
authority at the helm of their eflate. That, amongfi themfelves, there
was none qualified for fo grtjat a charge. The Count Maurice being
a child, poor, and of little refped among them. The Eledlor, the
Count of Hohenlo, and Huenar, ftrangers, and incapable of burthen.
That thefe confiderations had moved the States by their Deputies, to
infift fo earneftly and peremptorily upon that point with her Ma-
jefty,

' '' "!H

' 'i''iJ

ri'

''1%

M : i

If!

3^4

STATE PAPERS.

ELI Z A-

B ETH.

1585-6.

jefty, biefeecliing her to vouchfafe fome principal perfon of hers,
to take the charge, as the thing without which all the reft of her
goodnefs, benevolence, and favours, was to little purpofe. That
themfelves (howfoever the words of the contract appeared not, in
full and plain terms, to exprefs fo much) did, and always had taken
it as a matter granted ; and thereupon not only intended the. fame to
your Lordftiip long before your coming, but plainly difpofed all their
doings to that end, leaving their eftate, in manner, without all form
of government, as your Lordfhip found it, till your arrival ; and
therefore did the more importunely prefs your Lordfliip to accept
thereof. Wherein, though you had, under one pretext or other, long
forborn and delayed to fatisfy them, neither flatly refufing it, for
the danger's fake, nor willing to accept thereof, till her High-
nefs's pleafure had been known, and yourfelf in the mean time
thoroughly informed of their eftate; finding yourfelf at length
wearied with their importunities, moved with their reafons, and
compelled with heceflity, unlefs you would have lived there as an eye-
witnefs of the difmembering and divifion of the whole country, not
otherwife to be contained, and kept together, than by a repofed hope
in her Majefty*s found favour, which had not only been called in
queftion, but utterly defpaired of by your refufal, you thought it
better to take the courfe you did, carrying with itfelf increafe both
of honour, profit, and furety to her Majefty, and good to the caufe ;
than by refufing thereof, to have utterly hazarded the one, and over-
thrown the other. The necefl'ary confequence of which, I proved
unto her, by a number of plain and particular circumftances ; againft
which, albeit (he could in truth reply little, yet could I not leave her
much fatisfied at this firft meeting, with any thing I could allege in
your behalf; but perfifting ftill in her offence, broke many times
forth into her former complaints, one while accufing you of con-
tempt, another while of refpeding more your particular greatnefs,
-•■ ■■ ■ '■ • '■'■ ' ■ •'-'.■' ■;■ ' •'• -■•■ ' ■ ''^ than

i.;l

of hers,
ft of her
;. That
1 not, in
kad taken
f. fame to
d all their
t all form
ival ; and
to accept
ther, long
ng it, for
er High-
nean time
at length
afons, and
as an eye-
iintry, not
jofed hope
1 called in
;hought it
eafe both
the caufe ;
and over-
I proved
:s; againft
leave her
allege in
lany times
lu of con-
greatnefs,
than

STATE PAPERS.

305

than either her honour or fcrvico, and oftentimes dii2:rcninn; into old ^ ^^ ^ ''^ A*

° ° BETH.

grievances, which were too long and tedious to write. And bccaufe
{he had often and vehemently charged myfclf to have forgotten my
duty, in that I had not difluaded or oppofed myfclf againd your fad,
being there as her Ambaflador, and knowing, as fhe pretended, her
pleafure and meaning. I let her fee, that I never deemed fo meanly
either of her own favour towards your Lordfhip, in the fending of
you, or of your own judgment in coming over, fo meanly autho-
rized and backed, as to take the commandment of the rtliqucs of
Mr. Norris his worn and decayed troops, as a charge very unfitiing
to a perfon of your quality, and utterly dil'agreciiig to the ncccflity
of the time and ftate whcrc.you were; letting her fee the diflionour
and peril muft of neceffity have grown, if either the adion had been
longer fufpendcd, or any other courie taken to eflablilh their govern-
ment, than by your Lordfhip ; both commanders, foldiers, and
fubjeds, refuling all other means, and protelling rather to run head-
long to the fea, than to fall again into their former diforders and
confufions. And hcrewithal took occafion to remember unto her,
that being at the moft part of the conferences the laft year, between
my Lords her Majefty's commiffioners, and their deputies, I had
heard fome one of my Lords, if not her Majelly's felf, anfwer the
deputies to that point, that albeit her Highnefs for her own part
intended not to take any further authority than was agreed upon,
yet would Ihe not reftrain them to give what authority and com-
mandment they fliould find expedient and neceffary for their
eflate, to him that fliould by her Majefly be fent over to take
the charge of her own ; a thing which, I told her, had been
confirmed unto me by fome of their commiffioners, fince their
return home ; adding withal, for my future juftificatlon, that
I never received line, either from herfclf, or any Counfellor flie
had, tending to any fuch charge or commandment; without whicli,
I might have been accufed of madnefs, to have difruatlcd an adion,

R r in

1585-6.

f>\i

I ; I-

i4n

1; 1 ■. ^ii

i'-B ill if

3o6

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

158^-6.

in mine own poor opinion fo ncceffary and expedient) for her ho-
nour, furety., and greatnefs ; protefting unto her Majefty, that if I
were yet there, and mine opinion demanded, I could not tell what
other advice to give your Lordihip than that you had taken, efpe-
cially having no contrary dire£tIon or commandment from her High-
nefs. And thus, after long and vehement debate, for the firft night,
departed, leaving her, as I thought, much qualified, though in many
points unfatlsfied.

The next morning notwithftanding, Sir Thomas Henneage was
difpatched in great heat, which fo foon as I underftood of, I repaired
again unto her; and (fo much was I perplexed) with tears befought
her to be better advifed, laying before her the dlihonourable, ihame-
ful, and dangerous efFeds of fo unfeafonable and unhappy a meflage,
and humbly craving at her hands, that howfoever flie flood hardly
perfuaded of your Lordftiip's dealing, In conlcience, as I told her,
without caufe, fhe would yet forbear to take a courfe fo violent, not
only to the utter difgrace and diflionour of one fhe had heretofore fo
highly efteemed, and now fpecially deferved better meafure at her
hands, but alfo, to the utter ruin of the caufe, lofs of her beft neigh-
bours, and difcomfort of her good fuhjedls, with her own diflionour
and undoing. And here flie fell again into her former Invedlives,
aggrieving your fault the more, in that, all this time the matter was
on foot you had never vouchfafed to impart it with her, which I
cxcufed with all the art I had And at this time took occafion to
prefs her Majefty to receive your Lordfliip's letters, which the day
before flic utterly refufeJ, and now, after flie had opened and began
to perufe, put up into her pocket, to read, as I think, at more lelfure.
At length, having again, by many Infinuations, prepared her to lend
me a more patient and willing ear than flie had vouchfafed me the
day before, I renewed unto her my former day's difcourfe, in excufe
of your Lordfliip's adion, which, if flie did rcfpeifl either honour,
furety, or profit, flie would rather cftcem a fcrvice of fingular defert,

than

STATE PAPERS.

307

than any wife worthy of her difcountenance; letting her plainly un-
derhand, that there was no mean courfe to be taken, cither for them
or for your Lordlhip, without a wilful hazard of all. That their
li'.feries grew, efpecially for the lack of order and auihority, and
therefore driven to feek their cure from the contraries. That the fa<fl:,
befides, did proceed from a fingular affedion, confidence, and devo-
tion to her Majefty, and therefore worthy her gracious conilrudion.
That in your lord fliip's behalf, I could not in my poor judgment
conceive what might juftly offend her. For if flie would be plcafed
to confider the necelTity, as well of her particular fervlce as of the
eftate of thofe poor countries, left defperate if your LorJfliip had
refufed them, fhe fliould find you had no oiher remedy; if her
honour, what greater might be done by a fubjed, than, without in-
creafc of her charge, to bind unto her the devotion and hearts of fo
ftrong, rich, and populous countries, whofe good or ill neighbour-
hood might, of all others, moft profit or annoy her; if her furety,
what might be greater, than to have the difpofition of that whole
eftate, fo as fhe might give the law to the one fide and to the other,
and either lengthen or fliorten the war at her own appetite? And
here I urged her Majefly's fcope and end in this adion, which, if
tending to the relief and delivery of her poor neighbours, there was
no other way : if to abate the greatnefs of a fufpeded and dangerous
neighbour, there could be no greater or more happy opportunity
offered her: If to a peace, a thing (I told her) feared and fuf-
peded, what other way had fhe to make a peace, either good for
the poor countries, or fafe and honourable to herfelf j with a thou,
fand other things to like efi^ed, agaiuil all which flie had little elfe
to reply, than her alledgcd complaints againfl the form and manner
of your proceeding ; confciTing that if you had taken the fame thing
in fubflance (which, faid flie, the coatrad offered you}, without the
title, (he could have been for her own part better fatisfic;!. and her
doings, ifflie fliould allow of your's, the better jufl;iricd. Whereto
when I had replied, that it was not to be thought that the enemy

R r 2 might

ELIZA,

B F. T H.

1585-6.

'i '

3o8

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BET II.

1585-6.

might be more offended, or her cafe more impaired by the name
than by the thing itfclf ; flie began to break ofF, letting me firft
undcrftand how little (he looked for fo peremptory, as flie termed it,
partial dealing, at my hands, of whom Hie had conceived a better
opinion, and towards whom flie had intended more good than fhe
now found me worthy of. For the which, after I had given her
Majcfty my moft humble and dutiful thanks, taking hcrfclf to wit-
nefs how far ofl' I had been ever from afTcding or feeking any fuch
grace at her hands, I concluded with this humble fuit unto her
Ilighnefs, that flae would be plcafcd, in recompence of all my tra-
vails, to vouchfafe me her favourable leave to retire mylelf home,
to bcftow the reft of my days in prayer for her, whom, in all appear-
ance, falvation itfelf was not able to fave, if flie continued the courfe
fhe was in, and therefore efleemed him happieft, that fhould have
leafl intereft in the public fervice. And thus ended my fecond day's
audience; which, howfoever flie difgulfcd the matter, wrought thus
much eff'eA, that the fame night late, flie gave order to ftay Sir
Thomas Henneage, till he heard her further plcafure. The next
morning early I repaired to my Lord Treafiuer, whom I met upon
the way, and followed down to the court, where I acquainted him
with the whole courfe and reafons of your LordOiip's proceeding,
leaving him as little as I could unfatisfied, in any particular and
necefTary circumflance. From me he went updircQly to the Queen,
and, as I certainly underftand, laboured very earncflly firft to revoke
Sir Thomas, which failing of, he infiftcd upon the qualification of
his meffage, whereof grew her Majcfty's fecond letters to Mr. Hen-
neage, to inhibit the delivery of the firft letters addrcffed to the
States, if he found it might hurt the common fervice ; and that
howfoever flie refted offended without yourfclf, he fhould forbear
your public and open difgrace. The fame afternoon, my Lord
Treafurer procured my third audience, before whom I confirmed my
former dilcourfcj which I found her Majcfty to conceive of fome-

what

STATE PAPERS.

30?

le name
me firft
rmed it,
a better
than (he
iven her
to wit-
any fuch
anto her
my tra-
If home,
[ appear-
le courfe
ukl have
3nd day's
jght thus
) ftay Sir
rhe next
net upon
nted him
occeding,
;ular and
e Queen,
to revoke
cation of
/Ir. Hen-
d to the
and that
forbear
iiy Lord
ined my
lof fome-
what

what better. And the fame night obtained leave to retire myfelf ^^'iZ-j^y^"
liome for fome few days. Since, I hear Sir Thomas is awaiting the is-^s-^'-
wind, intending to go forward, it the time yield not fome new occn lion
of his ftay, whicli I have the better hope of, bccaufc I find the heat
of her MajcPiy's oflcnce towards your Lordfliip to abate everyday
ibmcwhat, and herfcif difpofed both to hear and fpcak more tenderly
of you, and, when all is done, if things be well carried there, will, I
trull:, deal more graciounv, both with yourfclf and the caufe than
flic hath of late fccmcd aflcvHicd ; which your Lordfhip may help
fmiewhat by a more diligent entertaining her with your wife letters
and meilagcs, your flacknels wherein hitherto appears to have
bred a great part of this unkindnefs. And albeit fome of your-
friends, dilcouraged with her Majefty's proceeding in your behalf,
do happily pcrfuade you to feek to withdraw yourfclf thence, and to
get leave for your return, as foon as you might, yet dare I not, under
your Lordfliip's corredion, fecond their Opinion, notwithftanding
I know it proceeds, on their parts, of an honourable affedion to your-
fclf and dclpair of our fountl dealing here ; becaufc I fee no other
fruit can grow of that courfe, than utter undoing to the caufe, and
diflionour to her Majcfly, and difcredit to yourfclf. Whereas, on
the contrary, the time may work fome better effect in her Majefly'a
difpofition, both towards yourfclf and yourfervice.

The traffic of peace goeth on underhand, as I am advertifcd, butv
whether to ufe it as a fecond firing to our bow if thefirfl; fliould fiiil, .
or of any fettled inclination thereunto I cannot alFirm; however it
be, I have no let to tell her MaiePiy, that the difficulties, f )r any
tlilnr- I can oblbrve, will be infmitely great, to make any fife or
honourable peace, either for them or herfcif, without an honour-
able v^-ar, which every man here apprehends not. Your LordOiip's
fupply for men and money hath been cooled and hindred by tlic
other accident of offence taken at your proceedings, and yet live I in

9 good. ■

',i

310

ELIZA-
i) E T H.

STATE PAPKRS.

good hope, that her Majefly will go through with her promlfe, and
give order for your fatisfying, when this ftorm is a Httle more
overblown. I have herein dealt exceeding earneftly, both with
hcrfelf and my Lord Trcafurer, letting them fee how greatly it im-
portcth her honour and fcrvice, and have received his faithful pro-
mife to hold a good hand to the furtherance thereof.

Of Sir William Pclham's coming over, I wot not what hope to
give your Lordfliip ; he is now at his houfe in the country, afflided
both in body and mind. I have once or twice already heard from him,
and find the gentleman exceedingly troubled, with the ftrange and
hard meafure he hath received, enough to break the heart of any
gentleman in the world, of his fort of deferving, that were not
armed with his virtue and conftancy : but amongft all his other
crofles, he doih proteft to me, there is no one that grieves him more,
than by the malice of his enemies and unhappinefs of his fortune,
to be kept and detained here from the perfon and caufe he fo much
afFefleth ; as I think your Lordfhip fliall at more length perceive by
his own letters.

For all other matters, leaving your Lordfliip to the report of fuch
as be better informed than myfelf, and craving your pardon for fo
long and tedious a difcourfe, I will here conclude with my moft
humble prayers to God, to blefs your honourable labours with hap-
py and honourable fuccefs. At my poor houfe, London, the 17th
of February 1585-6. \

Your Lordlhip's ever bounden and aflured, do you humble fervice.

W. Davison.

Earl

STATE PAPERS.

Earl of Lekejier to Sir Francis Walfingham,

311

E L r / A-
B E T H.
1585-6..
« -—-I

■^f

Ty/[R. SECRETARY, being loth to trouble my Lord with too Feb. sth,

long a letter, maketh mc thus bold to ufe fome addition to
you, being not only grieved, but wounded to the heart. For it is
more than death unto me that her Majefty Hiould be thus ready to
interpret always hardly of my fervicc, fpecially before it might
pleafe her to undcrftand my reafons for that 1 do. For my own
part, I am perfuaded hitherto, there could not any better fervicc be
done unto her Majefty in thefe parts, and if fome other man had
done it, it could not be but it had been much better accepted. At
the leaft, I think fhe would never have fo condemned any man before
flie heard him. And under her Highncfs's pardon and favour, I dare
refer the judgment of this matter, when it (hall be duly examined
and heard, to her Majefty's own felf, or to my worft enemies, wherefo-
ever they be, much rather to any or to all her Privy Council. All
her Majefty can lay to my charge is, going a little further than flie
gave me commiflicn for ; if the matter be well confidered, the ftep
forward is not fo great, if my authority, contracted before between
her Majefty and the States, be well perufed. And I thank God there
is no treachery nor falfehood in this I am blamed for. The Lord
grant her Mnjefty patiently to confider by this my doing, where-
with ftie is any v/ay damnified, or farther engaged to the States
than flie was before.

Her Majefty, I do remember well indeed, and fo may you, how
before all ray Lords, ftie feemed to millike that 1 fliould take any
other charge than as her General, or to make any oath to them,
here, any manner of way. I told her Majefty likewife in the fame
prefciice, it was then for no purpofe for me to go into thefe coun-
tries; for if it were to be but her General only of 5000 men, Mr,
Norris had that charge already, and better able to difcharge it than L

1 did

\\ ■ f;!

3'2

STATE PAPERS.

^J\.[y''^' I diJ likcwifc put her both in remembrance of her contrail with the

p i'> 1 li.

• i58,--6. Statest which hatlallowcJ mc far in)ie authority than tliat, and of
the ilealin.q; of my Lord Treafmer, and of yourfclf alio, with them,
about a further entertainment for mc, ai^ in rcipein: I HiouUl he their
olliccr, as well as her Majelty's, in wliich I refer myfclf to both your
reports, being then prefent : for they always anfwcrcd me, there was
no doubt but they would deal with me, as well as ever they did with
the Piince of Orange, hut her Majefly indeed would not then hear
of it, thou;',h I made petition to be difchargcd of the journey. Yet
afterwards in fpcaking witli her, I found her very well content I
ihould receive any thing from their hands whatloevcr, lb it might
not proceed iVom lierfelf, but of themfelves. I did defire you, -Sir,
at that time, to move her Majedy mod earncllly for my flay ai
home, telling you how much I Ihould undo myfelf, and do her
Majefly no fervice, going after that manner. And if I be not for-
getful, it feemcd then to you likcwife that her Majefty was willing
enough that I Ihould receive fuch charge and entertainment, as of
themfelves the t.flatcs would lay upon me, and give me. lint 1
will not ftand greatly hereupon, but admit me to be even accord-
ing as her Majcfly did contrail with the liftates: is it not there
agreed, I fliould be General of their wars and armies, as well as of
her Majeily's? Was I not placed there as Chief Counfellor of the
Eflate among them, and two nominated alfo by her Majefty to aflifl:
me? I fuppofe in this place it was not meant neither for me nor
them, as counfellors for the wars only, for then I am fure there
fliould have been named more famous Captains to affift me. Be-
fides, I am there authorifed to deal in money matters, and mints, and
Inch like, which are mere civil caufes : if then it be fo that this
authority was given me before, by her Majefty's and the Eftates'
contrad, and that they would, partly from the honour borne to her,
and partly for that they would have the world know, they rely
wholly upon her, make choice of me, fo far interefted already
among them, and give me a title and place which fome other muit

have

STATE PAPERS.

3^3

;. )

have had, as (hall plainly appear to her Majefty by Mr. Davifon ; ^J^J^^^'
and that her Majefty it neither farther charged thereby, nor by any 1585-6.
means drawn into any farther action or bond than fhe was before, and
that of neceftity fome one muft have had the place; I would fain know
if any other had had it, but one wholly her Majefty's, whether ftie
had not been difappointed of every part of that (he looked for, fpe-
cially for a good peace for herfelf and England ? And whether the
faid payment of her waged foldiers by them, or the ftrength of all
tiie garrifons placed by them, or the navy and mariners of thefe coun-
tries had been, without this authority to one of hers, at her Majefty 's
commandment or no ? If then, by taking this place upon me, her
Majefty being thereby no way to be charged, either by the King of
Spain or otherwife, fmce it was the Eftates' own election, and a
matter merely done by themfelves, to offer thefe great advantages to
one of her own ; methinks it fliould not receive fo hard a conftruc-
tion, feeing, by the placing of me, the only benefit and greateft ho-
nour doth grow to her Majefty's felf every way. For my owa
particular, I know it had been far better another had had it than I ;
but for her Majefty, if her gracious good opinion were not prejudiced
already againft me in this matter, both herfelf and all others muft
think it is much better for her fervice, in the hands of her own than
of any other whofoever. But yet I am now very forry that ever I
was employed in this fervice : for if any man, of a great number elfe,
had brought fuch a matter to pafs for her, I am fure he would have
had, inftead of difpleafure, many thanks. But fuch is now my
wretched cafe, as for my faithful, true, and loving heart to her
Majefty and my country, I have utterly undone myfelf ; for favour
I have difgrace, and for reward utter fpoil and ruin. I could have
taken warning of this before, if I would have doubted fomuch of her
Majefty's goodnefs, or have cared more for my quiet and eafe at
home, than for her fervice abroad : and I am not fo rich, but I might
both well have fpared my charge, and faved the labour of fo dan-

S f gerous

hi
,1.4

E L I Z A-

BETH.
1585-6.

STATE PAPERS.

gerous a journey. But to conclude, if to make her Majefty to have
the whole commandment of all thefe provinces, of their forces by
fea and land, of their towns, and of their treafure, with knowledge
of all the fecrets of their Eftate, yea, and to have brought over what
peace fhe would, befides divers ways and means likely to have
cafed a great part of her charges, only by taking upon me the name
of Governor, is fo evil taken, as it hath deferved di(honour, difcre-
dit, disfavour, with all griefs that may be laid upon a man, I mud
receive it as deferved of God, and not of my Queen, whom I have
reverenced with all humility, and whom I have loved with all fide-
lity. It (hall end thus, that as I find myfelf mod deeply wounded,
and feeing her Majefty's good favour and good opinion drawn from
me, that fhe conceireth I have, or do belike feek rather my own
glory than her true fervice, not forgetting that fome fuch words
were ufed of me, when I made fuit to her Majefty to have a few
Lords over with me, I do humbly befeech her Majefty by you (for I
know my writing to herfelf, having thefe conceits of me, fhall but
trouble her) to grant me leave, as (bon as Ihe fliall appoint one here,
to fupply my place for her better fervice, which I defire with all
fpced, and the fooner the better, to go live in fome obfcure corner
of the earth, where I will end thefe grievous days in true prayer to
God for her. And, as the Lord doth know, when flie thought mc
any way touched with vain glory, I had no caufe of vain glory to
boaft of. If I may glory in any thing, it muft be, I fee, in the
cro>fes of this world, which Almighty God ftrengthen me unto.
And fo thinking every day a year, till I may receive order and dif-
patch of this place, I bid you heartily farewel. From the Hague, in
Holland, the 8th of February, 1585.

Your loving friend, 1,

R. LEvcpstEE.

Earl

STATE PAPERS.

31J

Feb. 8.

Earl of Leicefter to the Lords of the Privy CounciL

■jYyr Y very good Lords, I have, to my very great difcomfort, re- e l i z h.
^ ceived from you her Majefty's great miflike of my acceptance xcl^^'
of this government, and that Ihe vill by no- means avow, but rather
difavow wholly, that which is done therein. I was fomeways a very
unfortunate man, I muft confefs, that found fcant of her Majefty's
wonted favour towards me before my going to take fo great and
weighty a charge, as this in hand, not being ignorant of the infinite
hazards, that I muft put my own poor eftate into, both life and all.
Neverthelefs, the Lord God doth know, unto whofe mercy I do ap-
peal, the very abundance of my faithful hearty love, borne ever to
the prefervation of her facred perfon, and the care of her profperous
reign, over our poor endangered country, was only caufe thereof.
But, my Lords, thus much hope had I always, notwithftanding, in
riie great goodnefs of her Majefty, that in fo weighty a cafe as this ist
her Majefty would, before ftie had condemned me fo far, have heard
what reafons moved me to do this I have done, above her commiflion
or commandment. And I doubt not but her Majefty, and you all,
fhall well find, that I have adventured more, to do her Majefty
acceptable fervice thereby, than to do myfelf either honour or good.
And as your Lordftiips have had good experience heretofore, of tlie
uncertainties of thefe paflages, fo was I here forty-three days before
I did once hear word out of England. And for this mctter, to fatisfy
either her Majefty, or your Lordftiips, as it ought to do, muft ftand
upon fundry reafons which ucceftlty brought forth at this time, to
caufe me to accept of this government, which I had delivered to Mr.
Davifon, to declare both to her and to your Lordlhips. I do moft
humbly befeech your good Lordfliips to examine all thofe reafons
but indifFerently, if they feem to your wifdoms other than might

S f 3 well

• i !

>S{

1;'

ill

3i6

T5TATE PAPERS.

ELJZ 1

BETH

1585-6.

well move a true and faithful careful man to her Majeftyt to do
as I have done, I do deHre, for my miAaken offence, to bear the
burden of it, which can be no greater than that which her Majefty
hath already decreed, to difavow me with all difpleafure and dif-
gracej a matter of great reproach and grief as ever can happen to any
man. And according to her will, which I perceive is meant by her
Majefly, I will be ready (feeing it not otherwife to be prefently ufed)
to obey her pleafure, if it were prefently to give it, without any
more ado, over again to them: but refpedting what hindrance it
may be to her Majefty's fervice at this time and to the whole caufe,
I truft I (hall not offend your Lordfhips, nor her Majefly, to give
this fimple advice, that it may pleafe her to fend fo'me nobleman
with all fpeed, whom it (hall like her, to fupply my place, according
to her firft meaning, and to revoke me, which I will humbly obey,
and take it as a matter from God, who can and will corred the ways
of finners, protefling, in his prcfence, and by the belief I have m
Chrifl, that I have done nothing in this matter, but, to my judgment,
of fuch confequence for her Majefly's fervice, beiides the furtherance
of the caufe here, as if life, land, and goods had lain upon it, I
mufl have adventured it, as for an acceptable fervice. And yet
when I fet my foot on land, I no more imagined of any fuch
matter to be offered me, or more than was by her Majefly and
the Eflates contra£l:ed, than 1 thought to be King of Spain, nor
rill I came to this town twelve days after : and yet was there fome
near afHnity with this, by that contracted between her and the
Eflates. I have no caufe to have played the fool thus far for
myfelf, firfl, to have her Majefly's difpleafure, which no kingdom
in the world could make me willing to deferve: next to undo
myfelf in my latter days, to confume all that ihould have kept
me all my life, in one half year : and fo much gain h^ve I here
by it, as I have lived and fpent only of my own, fmce I came, with-
out ever having penny or groat from them, neither (hall get fo
4 much

STATE PAPERS.

317

much by them all here, if I had ferved them thefe twelve months, ^_^L?uA"
a$ I have fpent fince I faw her Majefty and your Lordfhips laft : but 1585-6.
I mud thank God of all, and am moft heartily grieved for her Ma^
jefty's heavy diipleafure. I neither defire to live, nor to fee my
country with it. For if I have not done her Majefty good fervice at
this time,' I fhall never hope to do her any, but will withdraw me
into fome out-corner of the world, where I will languifh out the reft
of my few too many daya, praying ever for her Majefty's long and
profperous life, and with this only comfort to live an exile, that this
difgrace hath happened for no other caufe, but for my mere regard
for her Majefty's eftate, being driven to this choice, either to put
myfelf into her hands, for doing that which was moft probably beft
for her fervice, or elfe lofe her that advantage, which, at that pre-
fent let flip, was not poflible to be gotten for her again. I doubt not
but, ere this, Mr. Davifon hath prefented to her Majefty my own let-
ter, and acquainted all your Lordihips with fuch reafbne as have
moved me to deal as I have done, who was difpatched hence four
tlays before I received your Lordftiips letters, leaving me in opinion^
if her majefty had not thus conceived of it as ftie now doth, that I
would have thought my fervice had defcKved more thanks. I fliall now
attend her Majefty 's further pleafure, not daring to write to herfelf,
being thus offended, but will humbly defire your Lordftiips good
conftru£lions of my doings to her Highnefs, if you fhall find the
-confideration worthy, with your honourable and friendly means in.
my behalf, being .a man abfent, but moft faithful and loyal to my
moft dread Sovereign Miftrefs, and fo will be to my life's end, and,
to my power, humbly thankful to your Lordftiips all, for the good,
favour you ftiall ftiew herein towards me. And fo will pray unto
God to keep you all in his fear, with long life.

From the Hague, the 8th of February 158s*

I;:

■•:;l

ilM

111

£ari-

hi ;'l

^ r

318

fi L I Z A-
B E T H.
1585-6. < .

March loth, 158

S TATE PA P E R S,

i.6, fl t -^ [r:

■:v.., ;.,;;,», »j<jT;^t;,-» fik

!?•'<;•» .{» t

!i:t ! •))

(*; 'u ;i

1 10 Jill

£W tf/* Lekefters letter to Mr, Davijbn^
expoflulating with him^ and Mr, Da-
vifons notes in the Margin upon it.

Denied.

I appeal to the tellimony of others

•f

The contrary appearsi

T'T hath not grieved me a little, that by ymr
means I have fallen into her Majefty*s fo deep
difpleaAire, but that you have alfoyo carelefsly
difcharged your part, in the due declaration of all
things as they flood in truth. Knowing moft
aflfurediy, that if you had delivered to her Majefty
indeed the truth of my dealing, her Highnefs
could never have conceived as 1 perceive (he doth.
'' ■■■>'<>■ pQj jjy jj^g letters and meflages I have received

He^was difpatched the fame night I ar- ^y jyjr. ffenneage, neither doth her Majefty know
Let Sir PhiJip Sidney and others wit- Ijqw hardly I was drawn to acccpt this placc be-
fore I had acquainted her, wherein no man living
knew fo much as yourfelf, to have fatisfied her,
as you faithfully took upon you, and promifed

!m}<<!:: i:..

.J ,' •i # n >
■ I

^'■^'.'^<

•jfri

•JT'

.(>

I clid my bett to fatisfy her Majefty. you would, in fuch fort aS yOU WOuld nOt Onlv
wherein I appeal to her own confcicnce ' ^ , ^ '_ '

rnd the teftimony of others. give her Majefty full fatisfadtion, but luould pro'

ilon'nto'e 'ran J it'fif toTnTrfake. ^"^'^ ^^ ^'««^ g*'^^' ^^^^nks. Neither is her Ma-
As truly and particularly as himfelf or jejly iiiformed rightly what authority I have re-

aiy man there could have done. . • ^ • /- i i 1 • . ,

ceived, for it you had done it certamly as it
.:'.■., .;>'). was, fhe would not be fo offended as fhe is.

For as you did chiefly perfuade me to take this
charge upon me, fo yet did I not deal fo vainly,
as it feems her Highnefs conceives, as though I
was fo glad of the place, I did not care how I
engaged her Majefty, contrary to her will and
pleafure, by my acceptance of the place, of which

His end in coming over, with fome
other circumftances, may decide this
(]iieAicn.

'l>'

^NN»iw

STATE PAPERS.

For the clearing of fi)me fcruplej de-
pending on (hat charge, not for the
thing itfcir,

All this wliile there was no note of
any contrary commandment.

, Ai -;

■'.;•{,) vhijui.-. •; Hi •}>, .,,:;;

All this makes nothing to the pur-
pofe agalnll mc.

lv.vj:<i .' u .••i'.' ■' .1 jii? !:■ ,

'. ;■■'.! ,^, .. , : . ,

■■ ^ -•''■^' ■••■ !-^-(i .

As far for as I was able, i ' ! ' • " •' ■

As much as any private friend ke hatli.

A doubt bewrayed I confefs, but no
commandment to the contrary.

Standing with her M.ijedy's honour and
ilrvice not againft her cxprefs com-
mandment.

As a man honeftly affefted to the caufe,
.■\nd more to himfcif, than this dealin|r
mcriteth.

Abfolutely denied.

Though it were lefs than you make
it, yet it is heavier than many men
wvuld bear for your fake.

no man knew better liow to difcharge me of that
than yourfelf, who can remember hoiv many
treaties you and others had with the States before
I agreed for all your and their perftiafionst to take
it fooner, and nothing did I fcek more, as both
the Dr. Clerks can alfo tell, than to have her
MajeAy clear frqm conclufions in this matter
every way» and fo did you all aflure me, elfe had
1 never taken it as I did, which, when I found
licr Majefty no way bound, nor tied by my do-
ing, and, by the acceptance of this place, I might
lo greatly, as I liave indeed, advanced her fer-
vicc (if it be fo confidcred) and ,withal help this
country from the prefcut imminent danger it
lk)od in, made me the more willing to deal as
1 have done, and to adventure, tipon that ajfurance
you ga'ue tofatisfy her Mnjejly; but I fee not that
yon have done any thing \ fpecially I acquainting
you with all my commiflfions and inftrudlions be-
fore, and did not hide from you the doubt I had
of her Majcfty's ill taking it, except you did
thoroughly make her know indeed both my care
to pleafe her ISLijefty before all things in the
world, and the caufe of her fcrvice chiefly, with-
out engaging her any way, caufed me to yield
to your perfuafions here. Therefore I conclude,
charging you with your cottfcience how you do
deal now with me; feeing you chiefly brought me
into ity and to fuffer me to reft misjudged of her
Majefty, which could no way have been heavy
to you, though you had told the uttermofl of your
own doingy as you faithfully promifed me you

wouldj

ffii;

1 m w

3«o

It is done.

Hereof let the worU judge.

Kon caufa pro cauft.

YoH miriit doabt it, bnt if you had
uttered To much, you fliould have em-
ployed fome other in the journey, which
I had no reafon to aiTeft mvch, fore-
feeing well eno«gh how thanklefs it
would lie.

So let it be, fo the «iUei of truth and
juftice be kept.

STATE PAPERS.

would, and rather than her Maj'efty fhould mlf-
conceive of me, you would let hcfr know the
whole truth indeed^ for that I did very unwil-
iingly come to the matter^ doubting that to fall
out that is come to pafs, more through lack of
good and fub/lantial making her Majefty truly
underftand the cafe, than for any offence in
reafon committed. And all this loft and falls
out by your negligent carelefsneft^ whereof /
many hundred times told you oft that you would
both mar the goodnefs of the matter, and breed
me her Majefty's difpleafure. But hoiufoever it
fall ott/, fhe Jhall know all my reafons, and Mr.
Henneage I truft will his knowledge, and then
refer all to God and her Majefty. Thus fare ye
wdl, and except your embaffages have better fuc-
cefs, I ihall have no great caufe to commend them.
In fome hafte. At Harlem this loth of March,
158^-6.

Your loving friend,

R. Leycester.

The

vir

STATE PAPERS.

77je anfwcr of the Council of State to the ^ee?i of Eng-
, ,.., land's letter of the i ph of February 1585.

.-.{'

HEY are very forry her Majefty is offended with the eledioa
of the Earl of Leicefter, to be abfolute Governor ; they confefs
her to have juft caufe of difpleafure, but yet hope when her Ma-
jefty is thoroughly informed of all the matter, Ihe will then reft
better fatisfied of their proceedings. The authority is given him
no oiherwife, than it was to other Governors heretofore : the
words, although they be abfolute, yet in their ufe there, the mean-
ing is no other, than to give unto the faid Earl full power to execute
the contents of his commiflion, with refervation of fovcreignty and
property of the country to the people, which commiflion cannot
without danger be called back again ; and therefore they moft hum-
bly befeech her Majefty to allow of their doings therein, which are
agreeable to her own advice, that the multitude of heads which breed
confufion in the government (hould be avoided, and fome courfc taken
for the redrefs of the fame. \

321

ELIZA-
BETH.
1585-6.
* . *

1585-6.
Marcli 1 8th.

':lli1

i ■,'■

Earl of Leicefler to the Lords of the Coujicih

My very good Lords,
ALTHOUGH I do exped her Majefty's good plea fu re dally
for my revocation hence, yet will I no way in the mean time
negleft my duty to my fervice in the charge committed by her High-
nefs to me, nor leave your good Lords unadvertifed what hath paft
fince my laft letters; which, as I remember, was from Harlem, upon
the arrival of Sir Thomas Henncage, before whofe coming I had
determined this journey to Utrecht, and was onward lb far in my

T t wa^• ;

l;86.
Marci 27th.

^ h i

322

STATE PAPERS.

Way ; and, for that Sir Thomas Hcnneage would not proceed witb
any refohition here with the States, touching his commiflion, till he
had received again her Majefty's pleafure, nor yet thought good I
fhould (lay my journey, becaufe it was of very great confequence,
and the aflembly of all our foldiers that may be fpared out of the
garrifon, as well horfe as foot, appointed here by a certain day, I
did follow the former determination accordingly ; the rather being
commanded by her Majefty to take my direilion from Sir Thomas
Henneagc, who in any wife wilhed me to proceed on, till I fliould
hear again from her Majefty. So I went to Amfterdam, and there
remained four or five days, and from thence hither to Utrecht,
where I am taking order for the prefent fervice now to be fet forth,
which is for the relief of a town called Grave, a place of very great
importance. We have other places to deal in like fort with, as alfo
to draw the enemy's force out of Brabant and Flanders hitherward)
which it is like they will, for the defence of fuch forts as they have
left guarded, and by which indeed they do befiege Grave, albeit they
have laid no battery to it ; for there be five fkonces that they built
about it before I arrived here, yet have I, by ftealth, intelligence from
thence, and upon fome good opportunity, have caufed it to be both
vidualled, and three hundred men put into it, notwithftanding their
fkonces. And now I hope it fhall be fully relieved, I have fent the
horfemen already onward, being 1500 very ftrong. The footmen
are alfo marching to the rendezvous, and will be there to-morrow
night all of them; being driven to feparate them for a time; and
till the fervice of Grave be pad, our horfemen lie at a village called
Nycarck, and our footmen at Amaron. Now I am mod earneftly
to recommend to your good Lordfhips the needful eftate of the
captains and foldiers here. I have been driven to borrow for their
relief, and for this journey to help them, 4000/. of the mer-
chants of Middleburgh. And what 1 have difburfed of mine own
purfe is not unknown here, I thipk, to all men. I would, the full

9 eftate

STATE PAPERS.

323

cftate of the dlfburfing of her Majefty's treafure heretofore were ^J^JJ't/''
certainly known to your Lordfhips. I wiih it for fundry rcfpcds, but isSfl.
it will require a very fkilful man to examine it; her Majefty cannot
lofe by it, &c. and it would be a Arery good fatisfadion to me. And
thus praying the Almighty God to preferve all your good Lord-
ihipS) do take my leave. At Utrecht this 27 th of March.

Your good Lordfliips always to command,

. ■■ .■ ■ R. Leycester;

{^;

^^;,

I M

ExtraSi of my Lord of Leicefiers Letter of the ^th of

April 1586.

PRACTICES from hence to difcredit his Lordfliip there.

It is greatly wondered at, that he receiveth no letters from her
Majefty, nor fupply of men and money, fo as men begin to doubt
of her Majefty's purpofe in the a£tion.

The States wonted afFe<5kion fomewhat altered, who of late begla
to deal in ftrange fort.

A general mutiny likely to have followed by pradice among the
Englifti foldiers*.

The States follow her Majefty's example in being ftrait laced.

Speeches given out thiat her Majefty hearkeneth after a peace.

Janfey taken.

<5rave likely to be relieved.

* Probably that was the mutiny at Utreclu in the march to the relief of Grave.

■:h''M'

T t a

Lord

324

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1586.

March 3 1 ft.

Lord Burleigh to the Earl of Leicejler,

My very good Lord,
A LT HO UGH of late many crofles and ftorms have happened
to trouble your Lordfhip's mind, to the hindrance of the com-
mon utility of the fcrvice of God, and of her Majefly in that coun-
try ; yet fince your confcience doth teftify and warrant your doings
to have been meant for the furtherance of the weal thereof, and the
fuccefles alfo, excepting the thwarts from hence, do make good proof
that your adlions do profper ; I wi(h your Lordfliip to continue your
difpofition, and to comfort yourfelf with your own integrity, which
God will not have opprefl'ed, though he may exercifc your patience,
and prove the fortitude of your mind, to continue well-doing, and
fuffer reproof for a time. Thus much for a fmall preface. And
now to the matter ; I doubt not but this bearer fhall come with fome
better fatisfadlion, both for yourfelf and for the caufe, than the ene-
mies thereof have looked for. Since M. Vavafor came, we here,
that meant well both to yourfelf and to the caufe, found daily little
comfort, and yet furely your friends here did not omit any opportu-
nity ; but, upon fuch conference as I had with them, of the doubtful
ftate of that country, I, in prefencc of Mr. Secretary, ufed fome bold-
nefs with her Majefty, and proteftcd to her as a Counfellor, I could
not forbear to let her know, that this coui fe that flie held againfl:
your Lordfhip was like to endanger her, in honour, furety, and
profit; and that, if flie continued the fame, I prayed her Majefty
that I might be difcharged of the place I held, and, both afore God
and men, be free from the fliamc and peril that 1 faw could not be
avoided. I ufcd boldly fuch bold language in this matter, as I found
her doubtful whether to charge me with prefumption, which partly
ihe did, or with fome aftonilhment of my round fpcech, which truly

was

STATE PAPERS.

325

Vras no other than my confcience did move mc, even in amaritndlvc ^'}^\}-^\^'

anwiie. And then her Majefty began to be more calm than before,
and, as I conceived, readier to qualify her difplcafure, and her opi-
nion. And fo finding Sir Thomas Shirley ready fo write about ihrce
days paft, I willed him to advertife your Lorddiip that I doubted
not but that matters would not continue in that evil Rate they ',vcrc ;
and fo, as he can tell you, he did write, but ftaid the fending thereof
one day, in which time, to my great grief, looking for lb good re-
folution, I, and Mr. Secretary, found her gone backward, as one-
that had been by fome adverfe counfel fcduccd, to think that all
fhould do well in thofe countries, though your Lordfliip were dlf-
placed. And fo he with grief ftaid his writing. But yet I did not
thus leave the matter; and fo yefterday Mr. Secretary and I adven-
tured very boldly to declare our cenfures of peril to come, which no
counfel nor action fhould recover. And hereupon we obtained a fa-
vourable anfwer, though not to our full liking, but yet fuch as flic
commanded to put in writing, and fo we were therein occupied.
And then, unlocked for, came a letter from your Lordfhip toMr. Vice
Chamberlain, wherewith he made her Majefty acquainted, and ftie
told him, that fhc had declared her refolution to Mr. Secretary and
me, and fo willed him to come to my chamber, and fo he did, and
there we finding fome new occafion to feck a better refolution of her
Majefty, we all three went to her Majefty, and there I told her very
plainly, that I did fee that if ftie ufcd not fpeed to content the States^
and the people of thofe countries, fhe would not only lole them, but
her honour in the world, and ftie fhould find certainly as great danger
from thofe countries, as ftie had looked fbr comfort. Herewith, fhe
was greatly troubled, and (o^ being thereunto moved, fi:e afllnted to
do any thing that flie might with her honour.

In fine, we moved her to aflent, that your Lordfhip flioulJ con-
tinue your office for fome time, until the ftate of the matter might
be belter confidcred by her. And fo letters were appointed to be

fpccdily

1586.

•'t

' «i

'A^

^z6

STATE PAPERS.

E r, r 7 A-

B E T H.

1586.

fpeedily written, both to your Lcrdlhip and the Council of the States,
and that Mr. Shirley might be fent away with all fpeed ; and when
the letters were ready written, came Pointz from Mr. Henncagc,
with letters from your Lordfliip to me, including a letter to her Ma-
jefty, which I fpeedily delivered with fuch good fpeeches as in ho.,
ncfty became me, for your excufe. She read your letter; and, in very
truth, I found her princely heart touched with favourable interpret-
ation of your adions, affirming them only ofFenfive to her, in that
flie was not made privy, not now mifliking that you had the autho-
rity. Surely I had caufe, and fo I did commend her princely nature,
in this fort, of allowing both of you for your good intention, and
cxcufing you of any fpot of evil meaning. And having her Majcfty
in this fort calmed, though it was not pofTible to make your Lord-
fliip amends, yet I thought good to haften her refolution, which your
Lordfliip muft now take to come from a favoiurable good Miftrefs ;
for fo truly flie doth profefs. And you muft ftrive with your nature
to throw over your fhoulders that which is paft. Thus your Lord-
fliip feeth I have been fomewhat long tofliowyou the courfe to bring
this honeft gentleman, Sir Thomas Shirley, to this meflage, who
furely hath very honeftly behaved himfelf for your Lordfliip. And
truly fo hath Mr. Vice Chamberlain *, and Mr. Secretary, and bidden
many ftrange fpeeches. And now I will write no more hereof, but
of fome other particular advices, the confideration whereof I leave to
your Lordfliip as leifure may ferve you.

My Lord, until the ftate of the Queen's army, by mufter book, and
her monthly charges, may appear more clear, here will be no further
means for any more money. At this prefent there is paid 24,000/.
and that, added to her Majefty's former charge of 52,000, maketh
76,000, which fum her Majefly doth often repeat with great offence.

My Lord, I am very glad to fee a difpofition of fending fome fliips
from thence} to impeach the Spanifli King, towards his Indies. It is

• Sir Chriftopher Hatton.

a matter

STATE PAPERS.

327

a matter that many years paft I did projcft to the Prince of Orange*8
Minifters, to have been attempted. We hear that Sir Francis Drake
18 a fearful man to tlic King, and that the King could have been con-
tent that Sir Francis had taken the laft year'3 fleet, fo as he had not
gone forward to his Indies. Wc hear that he hath taken fcven rich
fhips on the coaft of the Indies. I wifh they were fafc in the
Thames.

We are here troubled to underfland, that from Hamburgh and
Dantzick, Lubeck, &c. there arc a great number of hulks laden for
Spain, and do mean to paA? about Scotland and Ireland, as fome of
them did this laft year, which they do to avoid all flays in our nar-
row feas. I would to God your fleet, now intended from thofe coun-
tries, could make a good prize of them ; for fo fliould the King of
Spain be unable to defend his feas, or to offend any other.

My Lord, where you write to me of that you hear of Champigny's
errands, I will tell you what I know thereof; and what elfe is known
to any other, I cannot write of. There is an Italian merchant in
Antwerp that pretendeth acquaintance with Champigny, and he hath
written hither to another merchant, to know whether her Majefty
can be content to come to peace with the King of Spain. The an-
fwer is made, that, by the publication publiflied, it is to be feen,
wherefore her Majefty hath fent her forces into the Low Countries.
And, if the King of Spain fliall fatisfy her Majefty in honour, accord-
ing to her proteftation, by reftoring to thofe countries liberty and
peace, and to remove all men of war from thence, and reftore to her
own fubjeds their loflcs, fhe can be content to hear any ho-
nourable offer from the King ; and otherwife flie miiuleth to perfift
in defence of her neighbours, and recovery of her iubjeds lofTes.
This aniwer is made by words only, but not from her Majefty ; and
whether Champigny will any farther proceed I know not; but fure
I am, he hath nocaufe to make any vaunt hereof. And I truft their

need

ELIZA-
BETH.
11; 86.

t t

ii m

328

STATE PAPERS.

E L I Z
BETH
1586.

'^- need fliall make them fooner yield, than any caufe to come of this
anAver. -i li- v ' ■: ? -^iw.'

It may be, that there are other like motions made to her Majefly ;
but I think furely her Majefty miudeth not to fhow any yielding.
For, God be thanked, ihe hath not caufe, but to expe^ the yielding
to come from the King of Spain and his Minifters.

And where your Lordiliip writeth that the coming of my fon from
■Brill in this time, may breed fome doubts in men's conceits. Surely,
my Lord, Sir Thomas Shirley can tell you, that, upon his report of
his ficknefs, with danger not to recover without changing the air
to come into England, the Queen's Majefty hearing thereof, without
any motion of me, commanded Mr. Secretary to fend him her li-
cence, with all poflible fpeed; and, as I underftand from himfelf, lie
is much injured with *he noifomenefs of the place, where the water is
not only brackifh, but, being heated on the fire, it ftinketh.

He alfo findeth the town in a manner utterly unfurnifhed of ord-
nance, and without powder and bullets, fo as, in very truth, it was as
as good out of her Majefty's hands, by reafon of the charge, as to
have it only in a name. But how this (hould be remedied I know
not, for her Majefty will not yield to any more charge, and I fee the
States unwilling to pay that which they owe. And by a claufe in the
treaty, they are bound to furnifli both the towns of Flufliing and
Brill, upon your Lordfliip's demand, as her Majefty's Governor Ge-
neral; and if there be any hope further, it murt proceed from your
Lordfliip as Governor of the Provinces, with the Council of the
States. I think Sir Philip Sidney hath alfo fome want of ordnance,
but nothing like to that of the Brill, where there are not above Ccvcn
pieces, few enough for one bulwark : but the danger is not to be
feared, as long as your Lordftaip fliall profper in government. My
fon alfo brought thither two hundred footmen and fifty borfc,
but he could never get a penny for them, nor one penny to that gar-
rifon fince he had the charge ; and yet it may be, that he hath had

fome

le of this

Majefty ;

yielding.

; yielding

r fon from
J. Surely,
s report of
ng the air
)f, without
lim her 11-
iumfelf, lio
he water is
h. .
hed of ord-
h, it was as
large, as to
led I know
nd I fee the
laufe in the
ufliing and
ivernor Ge-
froni your
noil of the
ordnance,
labovc fcven
s not to be
ent. My
fty horic,
jto that gar-
lic hath had
fome

STATE PAPERS.

329

fome help of late; for the treafurer did write that your Lordfhip ^AL^uA"
gave him order to help them with fome money. I am now in doubt 1586.
to write any further* for troubling of your Lordfliip* knowing how
infinite your occafions be to write, and to read, befide continual
adions.

By fuch letters as {hall come from her Majefty, you (hall find as
much comfort from her Majef^, as you ♦'ave received difcomfort,
though there be great differences in t: ffed; for the former I
know hath deeply Wounded your heart ; and thefe cannot fuddenly
fmk fo low as the wound is; but your Lordfhip tnuft add to this
your own fortitude of mind. And fo I moft heartily wifii you to be
ftrengthened by God*s fpecial grace,

Your Lordfhip*s mofl afTuredly,
31 Martii 1586. . W. Burghley.*

• This refolute friendly behavioui' of the it over ut fileace ; but indeed that hiftorian's

old treafurer towards his rival Leicefter during omiflions are very unpardonable, confidering

the Queen's difpleafure, does him great ho« the lighti he hid.
noar ; and ilrftnge it u, that Cimden paflibs

No. XIX.

■\ V

■ f

' ■ !'' i J

]?\

/e V

lii

330

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-

BETH.

1586.

,: "I

No. XIX.

From the
Originals in
the Cotton
Library.

1586.
February 2d.

Letters from Sir Philip Sidney ^ the Earl of Leicefler,

[The Editor has feveral letters of Sir Philip Sidney ; but thefe two
may ferve as a fpecimen. Had he lived, his uncle Leiceder
would, probably, have been more fuccefsful in his government.
It is fmgular, that, amongft the different Eloges made upon
him after his death. King James's verfes are the moft elegant :
They are worthy of a fcholar of Buchanan.]

Sir Philip Sidney to Lord Leicefter,

Right honourable, my (ingular good Lord,
lyr Y intent I have imparted to Mr. Lutty at large, to deliver to
^ your Excellency. Now I an> only to befeech your Excellency,
and if I may prevail with your Excellency, to perfuade you, that, if
the journey into Frifeland be but upon fuch general grounds, as
they were when I came away, which may as eafily be done here-
after as now, that it will pleafe you to fend forces to the befieging
ofSteenberg, with 1200 of your footmen, befides them that thefe
quarters may fpare, and 300 of your horfe, with them hereabout.
I will undertake, upon my life, either to ruin it, or to make the
enemy raife his fiege from Grave; or, which I moft hope, both.
And it fliall be done in the fight of the world, which is moft honour-
able and profitable. For thefe matters of pradtices, 1 aflure your
Excellency, they are dainty in refped to their doublencfs, which al-
moft ever fails in them, and of the many impediments that fall in
them, that, if notable reafons guide not, or fome worthy pcrfon
anfwer not for it, they are better omitted than attempted. Breda, un-
doubtedly,

STATE PAPERS.

doubtedly, at lead I think fo, was but a trap ; for our poor Cng<-
lifhmen might have been fuflFered to take a place which they would
never have ftriven to put them out of, till they might have cut both
them and us to pieces, who (hould come to feize it. But, as for
Graveline, I will never ftir till I have La Motte himfelf, or fome
principal officer of his, in hand. Therefore, if it pleafe your Excel-
lency to let old Tutty and Read, with Sir William Stanley and Sir
William RufTel, with 200 horfe come hither, I doubt not but to fend
you honourable and comfortable news of it ; for I have good under-
Aanding thereof by this (hew I made : and I know what the enemy
can do fliall not ferve. If this may be done, 500 pioneers with mu-
nition and vidluals according, mud be got ; and, if God will, I
will do you honour in it. It grieves me very much, the foldiers are
fo hardly dealt with in your (irft beginning of government, not only
in their pay, but in taking booties from them, as by your Excel-
lency's letters I find. When foldiers grow to defpair, and give up
towns, then it is late to buy that with hundred thoufands, which
might have been faved with a trifle. I think to write a French letter
to your Excellency, becaufe your Excellency wrote to me in that
language, which, if you pleafe, may be fhown to your Council ;
for, by my troth, they are even in their old train, and may do that
fafely under your colour now, which, before, they did the more
fparingly, for fear of hatred. I humbly befecch your Excellency, that
Morbais may find himfelf comforted "or this fervice he hath done
upon one of the beft captains the Prince of Parma had. 1 am now
departing towards Flufhing, and the tide calls me away. I will
therefore moft humbly kifs your hands, and refer the reft to the next,
praying God to profper your Excellency as I doubt not he will, anil
fo humbly take my leave. At Berghen.

Your Excellency's moft humble and obedient,

Ph. Sidnei,

33!^

ELIZA.
BETH.

1586.

Pill

'5 J

Uu «

Tbe

33*

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.

iBTH.

1586.

Tifs Same to tb^ Same*

.■ ( "

1586.

Februaiy 2d.

Right Honcurablei my fingular good Lor4f
T HAVE fcnt this bearer, my Cornet, to your £:(ceUency,
whom I do moft humbly befeech you to difpatch agaia uptQ me,
hecaufe it (lands me much upon, to know what I fhall refolve on ;
becaufe my charges, divers ways, ^nd particularly my horfemen,
grov greater than I am able to go through withal. I had, of the
Count HoUock, a patent for them of Somerdyke, to lodge me a
number of horfe, till my company were fuiBcient to be muftered;
there fome of them were, and now they have gotten, upou what
caufe 1 know not, an a£t from your Excellency to be free from any.
Whereupon, fo courteoufly thefe boors dealt, as to arrefl: my horfes,
the very day that I had fent for them, thinking truly I (hould have
have occafion to have ventured my life i and would not releafe them
till I had paid them two hundred florins for the charges, as they pre-
tended. I humbly befeech your Excellency, becaufe I know my
Lieutenant hath been at the fca fide almoft this month, to my great
expence, that I may have either a quarter aiEgned me, or elfe that
to this place they may bring fuch provifion as the increaiing of the
number will require ; for elfe, I being not to demand pay till they
be muflered, nor to be muftered till my number be complete, it will
be too heavy a burden for me to bear, who, I proteft to your Excel-
lency, am fo far from defiring gain, that I am willing ^o fpend a}I
that I can make ; only, n^y care is, that I may be abk to go through
with it, to your honour and fervice, as I hope in God I fhall.

For thefe men, they are of the richeft of thefe parts, and never
touched with the war ; but fo do the rich ftill put off all matters, by
fending to fome friend or other of theirs in the Council, that may
lighten them to burden others. I humbly befeech your Excellency
my Cornet may return with fuch rcfolution as I may either go
4 through,

JITATE PAPERS.

333

through, or give over my Cornet. For my part, I hope, and am al- 'Jg'r^jj^'
mod aflured, to do you good ffrvice, aiid my heart burneth to do it, is^^>
if only my ability do not fail me in the way. For Roger Williams
alfo, I would it yrould ple^fe your Excellency to difpatch his Ser-
jeant<major(hip univerfally over all horfemen ; and, in that nature,
you may better allow him fome ^ood penfion, than by being onlv
over the Englilh ; and fo alfo for his Cornet^ the gentleman deferves
much.

Herewith I will no further trouble your Excellency, but humbly
take my leave, and pray to God for .your long and profperous life
and yiftory. At Berghen.

Your Excellency's fnoft fiumble and obedieqt nephew,

:i'.\

> /

No. 3CX.

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA.

BETH.

1587-

No. XX.

From the
originals in
the Cotton
libraiy.

Papers about a private Treaty with Spain, .

[Lord Burleigh, as the pacific MIniiler, was the condudor of this
private treaty, to which • Walfingham and Leicefter were ex-
tremely averfe. They appear, in this inftance, to have judged
better, and to have Teen further into the defigns of Spain than the
wife Treafurer. However, it may be fuggefted, that Burleigh
aded in this bufinefs rather in compliance with the Queen's hu-
mour, than his own opinion. In all his letters he appears very
zealous for the common caufe againft Spain, and the League.

From the papers which the Editor has colleded, Walfingham
does not feem to have had that weight in the Queen's cabinet,
which his abilities and fidelity deferved. The poverty in which
he died is a reproach to the memory of his Midrefs ; if not to
that of her Lord Treafurer.]

Lord Burleigh to Andreas de Loo *.

Signior Andreas,

IT is requifite for the matter of this intended treaty, that by fre-
quent advertifements you fhould as well be acquainted with our
proceedings, or v;ith our ftays, as you do diligently by your letters
advertife us of your conceits and expedations there. And therefore,
it is her Majefty's exprefs commandment, that I fhould advertife you
of her mind, and fo alfo to anfwer your letters. There are come
hither, fince my lafl letters written from hence the laft of Auguft, and
firft of September, reckoning according to the old flile, two feveral
packets fVom you, the firft, of the 26th of Auguft, dated at Bruffels,

* A Flemiih agent of the Duke of Parma.

which

STATE PAPERS.

Trhich came whilft I was abfent from the court, having gone to my
houfe at Theobalds the 2d of September. The fecond of your's,
was of the laft of Auguft, written alfo from Bruffels, which came
alfo about the 9th of this month in my abfence, for I came not until
the nth. All which your letters being brought to Mr. Comp-
troller, were feen by her Majefty, and yv-jt by her fent to me, and
therewith I was commanded to come to the court; and upon con- >
ference with her Majefty upon your letters, flie feemed in fome fort
forry to fee you troubled with the conceit you had of the long de-
lays of the coming of our Commiifioners thither ; confidering that,
although indeed their coming may feem to you to be more delayed
than were meet, yet, in very truth, the caufe thereof proceedeth not
of any difpofition of her Majefty to have the fame deferred, not fo
much as for one day, but that the caufe proceedeth of lack of refo-
lutions and anfwers, from my Lord Leicefter, who hath had charge a
good time paft to have induced the States to like of her Majefty*s
intention for treaty of peace, both for herfelf with the King of
Spain, and alfo to procure a univerial peace in thofe Low Countries ;
without which, you well know, that her Majefty can make no account
of long continuance of any peace that fhall be made betwixt her
Majefty and the King of Spain ; neither can there be any certainty
of the intercourfe for the fubjeds of this realm and thofe of the Low
Countries and the houfe of Burgundy, and this reafon is of fuch
force as no man can deny, but that the intercourfe for Prince'b fub-
jefts, is the proper, and almoft the only fruit of peace betwixt Kings ;
and without it, the private amity and friendfhip betwixt Princes for
their own pcrfons, doth fmall good ; otherwife than that thereby
they may appear in the fight of God void of malice. But to enlarge
this argument needeth not, for you know the effedt thereof. And
although, by your letters of the laft of Auguft, you feem fearful left
the Duke of Parma, and the King's Counfellors there, fhould con-
ceive finifterly of this delay, as though her Majefty might mean to

abufe

335

ELIZA-
BETH.

1587.

1 1

S3<i

STATE PAPERS.

B L r Z A-
BETH.

1587.

abafe the Duke, yet her Majefty hopcth that my letters written from
hence, the fame day that yours were written from thence, being
come to your hands long before this, have fatisfied both your own
fear, and altered a conceit of the Duke, if he had fo conceived any
thing amifs of her Majcfty for this delay. For by thbie my letters I
did, by her Majcfty's commandment, advertife you, according to the
very truth of the whole matter, how my Lord Leiceder had, by her
Majefty's commandment, proceeded there, and what difficulties he
found there to perfuade the States and people, to allow of her Ma-
jefty's intention to obtain a peace for them. And that her Msjefty
expeded daily to hear of fome better fuccefs therein, by the travail
of the faid Earl, who did (how himfelf as willing to have a good
peace made, for her Majefty's fatisfadtion, as the Duke of Parma
had fliowed his dii^ofttion. So as at the time of my faid letters, we
did look to haVe had fome good anfwer, tending to the acceleration
of this treaty, within a fhort time. And fo her Majefty hopeth that,
if you have acquainted the Duke, wit^ the contents of my faid let-
ters, he fliottld reft fatisfied for any finifter conceit of her Majefty.
But now I think it needful to advertife you, how the cafe prefently
ftandeth, that the Duke knowing the truth of the ftate thereof, you
well fee that the delay of the coming of our Commiftioners proceed-
eth not of her Majefty, the fame being in very truth greatly mifliked
of her Majefty. fo as ftie prefently omitteth nothing in her power to
further it. For, in very truth, my Lord of Derby, who had been
lately fick in his own country, came hither on Saturday laft, the reft
of our commiflicncrs being, afore that, ready to take their journey*
and their commift'ons made ready. And now even on the fame Sa-
turday, came my Lord of Leicefter's Secretary, Mr. Atye, from the
Earl, hither, with letters to her Majefty, declaring in what earneft
fort my Lord of Leicefter had travailed with the States to induce
them to allow of her Majefty's purpofe j but altogether to a mif-
chievous contrary courfe, there was a feditious practice ufed in thofe
countries, by a moft falfe invented untruth, to put into all the

people's

STATE PAPERS.

people's heads, that her Majefly had already made a fccret conclu
fion of peace for herfelf, with the King of Spain, and that the fafe-
condud fent hither from the Duke of Parma (whereof the copies
were common amongft them), was (uily to warrant the coming of the
Queen's Commiflioners to confirm the fame peace, and not to treat
thereof. To this falfe and fcditious report, was added, that my
Lord of Leiceftcr was diredtcd iVom her Majefly, to get into his
poirelTion as many towns as he could, with intention to deliver them
to the Duke of Parma, upon payment to be made to lier Majelly of
her Majefty's charges of all her aid given to the States of the coun-
try. And hereupon the Earl of Leiceftcr knowing thefc reports to be
falfe, and yet finding how, by fundry prafticcs, both many of the
States, and a great number of the people, have been feduced to believe
the fame, he hath been greatly troubled, and ufed no fmall labours
to ftay thefe falfe reports, and a make it manifeft, fpecialiy to the
Council of State, and to the States themfelves, how falfely thefe re-
ports have been invented and fpread abroad. And herein hath his
Lordftiip been occupied from day to day, this long time, and as he
writeth to her Majefty, he hath fo prevailed with fome principal
perfons, that are lovers of their country, and do defirc peace, as he
hopeth to overcome this wicked attempt, being the worft of fome
fuch as care not for the public weal of their country, fo they may
continue their private authority and profit, which by peace, and
without the war, they cannot have. And to the end it ftiall not be
thought that thefe things are alledgcd by the Earl of purpofc to
prolong time for fome other purpofe, I am fare that the Duke of
Parma cannot be ignorant, if it fliall plcafe him to caufc fuch as
fcrveth him for intelligence amongft the States, and tlic towns of
Holland and Zealand, to inform him, as I am fure he hath no lack
tlicreof, but that he ftiall be largely advertifed hereof, and perchance
more largely, infomuch, for this falfe opinion conceived againft the
Karl, there hath been great controverfy betwixt the States and the

X X Earl,

337

E L I Z A-
D E T ir.

I ;

'Si

338

STATE PAPERS.

^bVth? ^^'^^» '^*y oppofing themfelves againft his authority, and maintain-
>sS7- ing both the Counts Maurice and Hohenloe, to withftand the placing
of any Englifhmen in any of the towns where they have credit.
Surmifing to the towns that the Earl of Leicefter hath inflrudtions
from her Majefty, to get into his hands all the towns that he can, to
deliver them to the Duke of Parma, according to the conclufion
which they fay is already fccrctly made for a peace between her
Majefty and the King of Spain. And where the Earl hath, by his
letters and meifages to divers towns, declared thefe reports to be
merely falfe, there was one of the States named Barnevelt, that went
to certain aflemblies, and moft impudently declared thefe to be true,
and that he had feen the copies of the Queen's Majefty's letters to
the Earl, containing that fhe had made peace already, though
fecretly, and therefore the Earl fhould, upon colour of continuing
fuccours to them, put into their towns Fnglifli forces, fo as the fame
towns might be delivered to the King of Spain, upon payment of
her charges, according to her fecret covenant. Of this Barncvelt's
feditious, malicious, and falfe dealings, the Earl hath complained to
the States, and hath required that he might be charged to (how forth
thefe letters, that he feigneth himfelf to have feen. And fo the
Earl, at the time of Mr. Aty's coming from thence, which was about
the 2d of September, hoped, by the difcovery of this falfe treacherous
pradice of Barnevelt, and of his condemnation afore the States,
that he fhall fliortly after this mifchievous courfe pradifcd againft
the weal of the country, and againft her Majefty's blelTed purpofe, to
bring the whole country to an univerfal peace. And fo we now hope
fliortly to hear of good fucccfs of the Earl's travail with them, which
being ceriified to her Majefty, I can aflure you, the Commiffioners
being in full readinefs, (hall not ftay one day longer than (hall be
needful. By this my large writing you may well perceive in what
plain fort I do deal with you, to the intent that if you (hould fuid
any fcruplc to remain in the Duke*8 mind, notwithftanding thofe

reafons

STATE PAPERS.

339

rcafons that you bid to declare to his Highuefs, by my letters of the ^\l'^/\i'^'
laft of Auguft, you might, with the largcnefs of this my letter, ftay
him from any doubt of her Majefty's fmcerity. And fo to continue his
purpofes rather to make peace, than to follow any further provifions
for incrcafe of hoftilc ailions. As in truth we hear (o much thereof
by the works at Antwerp, about maritime matters, and of the daily
aflcmblies and calling together of mariners and Ihipwrights to Dun-
kirk, Newport, and Graveling, out of France and other places, be-
fides his meflengers fent into Germany and Italy, to hafte the new
forces from thence, fo might thefe things in very truth move her
Majefty to doubt, that in the end, though our Commiffioners fliould
come thither, and treat of peace, yet there (hould be devices ufed to
break off the treaty, and fo in a fort to take her Majefty and the
Low Countries unprovided. But notwithftanding thefe likely con-
jectures to move doubts, her Majefty mindeth to continue her godly
purpofe to contrail a peace, if fhe may have it with reafonable con-
ditions for her furety, and the univerfal weal of all thofe Low Coun-
tries, the Provinces United; a matter not to be negleded by her
Majefty for many refpeds, maintainable both afore God and the
world. I pray you remember to fend anfwer to the points of
my laft letters of Auguft, concerning a new fafe-condud, with
a general claufe for fuch as her Majefty may chance to change
before their coming thither, if any that are already named fliould
fall fick, afore they fliould be fent from hence. And alfo con-
cerning the commifTion by which the King of Spain's Commif-
fioners ftiall treat; whether it fliall not be in the King's name,
as reafon requireth ? Likewife remember the other points contained
in a later letter, dated primo September, fent with the other of the
laft of Auguft, for a fafc-condud to be fent from the Duke of Parma
to Embden, for the King of Denmark's Ambaflador. And in pen-
ning the new fafcconduift, it is required for ours, to omit in the
fame, a certain fentence, breeding a fcruple in her Majefty, as though
this matter for peace had been originally fought by her Majefty,

X X 2 contrary

-.1^

1 • *

'■[

ill

340

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA, contrary to the truth of the proceeding, as yourfelf doth well
1587- know.

And fo I wi(h you to enjoy the end of your long labour, wherein
no fmall numbers are to be partners with you, whereof I will ac-
count myfelf to be one, that Ihall hope of more reft by peace, than I
have of long time felt by thcic troubles.

Earl of Lekcjicr to Lord Burleigh,

September
30.

My Lord,
T WILL trouble you at this time the lefs, for that I hope before
this long, your LordHiip hath undcrftood at large my whole pro-
ceedings here, as alfo how the ftate of things ftood at the departure of
my Lord North and Mr. I3eale. Then do I truft her Majefty
is better fatisfied for my honeft fervice done for her, than appears by
the letters to me fhe doth conceive. God and my confcience doth
know, that I have done her Majefty careful and true fervice, and
Ihe doth blame me (when flie Ihall underftand all her own com-
mandments to me, as Mr. Beale hath them), without my due defert.
For, touching the peace, it fliall appear, before I had any direct war-
rant from her Majefty, I did take a courfe with the Council of State
(for the States General came not to me in fifteen days after I arrived),
to make them know, that her Majefty fhoukl have juft caufe to deal
for a peace, for I faw they were not able to maintain war. I laid
all her Majcfty's great and infinite charges arore them, and fo did
I both more largely, and more earneftly when the States came to me.
Then immediately fell out the falfc flandcr of her Majefty*s contrad-
ing and dealing with the Duke of Parma, without their knowledge.
Yet before that, as Mr. Beale can tell, I fent Bardefius into Holland,
to declare to the States, that I found their dealings fo ftrange, as 1,
finding her Majefty many ways prelTed from the King of Spain, to

hearken

STATE PAPERS.

341

hearken to a peace, which flie would not do all thii while In rcfpcft ^ L r z A.

B E 1 Hi

of them, but to make thcin tird acquainted withal, and would, I knew,
offer firft to join and deal with them, before flie would make
any rtToluiion for herlclf; therefore I wilhed them, their ertatc
appc.iiing to be fo weak as it was, whereof I muft advcrtife her
Majclly, tiiat they would take fuch a courfe as both her Majcily
and they might jointly enjoy a peace, to avoid their infupportable
charge, and lofs of fo many people as daily were loft by the wars.
This mellage was grievoufly taken, and they did fend Bardefius back
with a moll lamentable anfwer, teftifyiug their utter undoing if her
Majefty (hould take that courfe ; and the poor man, upon his knees,
in the prefence of the Council, delired me to be a mean to pcrfuade
her Majefty to ftay fome time longer, to fee what means the States
could find to fatisfy her otherwife. That he durft not declare my
ineflage to all the States, but to two or three of the wifeft, who re-
turned him in that fort. And that he would go back again to prefs
them to look better about them, confefling her Majefty had reafon
to take fome fuch courfe : but he hoped, the caufe had moved her to
do that good (he had done, and if fhe ihould alter from it, they were
all undone. All this while had not I received any fuch letters from
her Majefty to will me direQly to move the matter of peace, as now
1 find (lie takes it. But within two days after this dealing laft with
Bardefius, there came a letter figned by her Majefty, to deal with the
States for the peace, finding them not able to maintain their war.
Your Lordftiip may fee, that before this letter, which was the moft
abfolute of all, I had dealt to the fame efTcd, but becaufe Bardefius
had not done my meffage to the whole States as I willed him, I fent
Mening and Valkc to them, with more plain inftrudions, as may
appear by their own declaration. In which meantime, grew forth
thefe falfe lewd bruits of her Majefty 's dealing, and that I had both
private inftrudions and letters from her Majefty, to treat a peace,
either by fair means, or by force, and that my feeking the abfolute

goverrv-

1587.

' !

•l; if '

342

STATE PAPERS.

i:.-t?'

^B^E t'h^' SO^c'''^™^'^^ ^^ t^'* ^i"™^» ^*8 only to have power in my hands, if
«sS7- they refufed her Majefty's offers, then to compel them. This mat-
ter was prefently publiflied to all quarters, as I then advertifed her
Majefty, and fome of your Lordfhips, whereupon it behoved me to
deal carefully for the fatisfying the world in honour of her Majefly's
dealing in this matter, and thought at that time the courfe both
honourable and convenient which I took, for fatisfaftion of all men,
as no doubt it hath proved, and yet no whit hindered her proceed-
ing to peace, if it pleafcd her, but with more honour every way.
Now touching my commiflion to have done this fooner, it muft reft
upon my inftrudions, and upon her Majefly's prefcnt diredions by
her letters ; if it fliall not appear by Mr. Beak's declaration, that I
have obferved both, let me receive blame, and (hame too; as, in the
letter her Majefty hath written to the States, I muft receive fliame ;
for in the beginning it is fet down, that I was ftraitly commanded
by her Majefty to make the overture to them, at my firft arrival, and
that {he wonders how I can anfwcr it. Firft, my Lord, let it be cou-
fidered when I came away, whether any fuch intention was meant,
or not. If it be faid it was, why was my Lord of Buckhurft's pro-
ceeding fo far therein mifliked by her Majefty, and us all then ; and
why might not his proceeding therein have ferved, without my going
over for the fame alfo ? Bcfide, to what end was there 5000 men
fent more over with me, after the millike had of his dealing ? Was
it, to be at fuch charge, either for her Majefty's felf or the States, to
come over to make immediately this overture of peace? Why was
the increafe of her Majefly's part fct down to 30,000 1. if I would
hav^ flrained my inflrudions, but to 50,000 1. by my Lord Buck-
hurft's offer before it was, and the States to augment their part
to a lco,ocol. to levy an army for the field? Was all this
that I fiiould immediately move the peace? A matter which not
only myfelf delivered from them to her Majefly, at my return
into England, but the Commflloncrs themfelves in England aflirm-

STATE PAPERS.

cd the fame, both to your Lordfliips and to her Majcfty alfo. By
my Lord of Buckliurft likewife it appeared, how far they were off,
and what danger it was likely to breed to this Eftate, they moving
thereof in fuch fort as her Majefty did feem to furceafe that courfe,
and to encourage them immediately, caufed my going with a con-
trary flaow, to comfort and animate them here all I could : fo that I
truft, thefe things called to remembrance, it will not be thought that
I was prefently to make this overture; neither would I have taken
that oflice upon me, as I am fure your Lordfhip, and others my
Lords can remember, not for a 1 00,000 1.; her Majefty's difpleafurc
fct afide. But, my Lord, as I take it, it was both her Majefty '^8
pleafure, and all your refolutions at that time, for my going, to be
firft to reduce the State to the former courfe it was in, being then
much altered, and drawn into fadion, as indeed it was, and is; that,
that being done, which it pleafed you all to conceive then, was not
like to be, without my own being here, with her Majefty's thorough
favour and countenance; and that if I could do that, whereby her
Majefty's parly might be the ftronger, and the enemy thereby the
more greedy and defirous to feck a good peace in time, and that by
the fliow of a ftrong war between her Majefty and them, the enemy
was like to come to the better conditions. And that thefe things
being brought to pafs, the country firft fettled, and a ftrong prepara-
tion in the field againft the enemy, I fliould then take occafion to
perfuade thefe people to hearken to a treaty of peace, and if they
would rcfufe fo godly, and fo reafonable a matter, that her Majefty
might and would ufc her own wifdom for her own affairs, &c. Or
if, after my arrival,! fliould, after all proofs and trials made, find thefi;
men obftinate, and withal unable to bear out the charge of the war
hereafter, and not pay fuch debts as were due both to her Majefty, and
to her people in their pay, as alfo pay for the charge of thelc laft
numbers brought over by me, that then alfo, I ftiould not only move
the matter of peace, but alfo, if they feemcu to refufe her offer,

that

343

ELIZA-
B li T H.

1587.

ii ' ^ j
: ' i

i '

344

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- that I fliould let them know, that (he will not be at any further

R F T H"

1587. charge here, for their caufcs. This, as far as ever I could conceive,
was her Majcfty's and all your Lordfliips determinations: for better
proof, examine my inftrudlions, let her Majefty's letters be fcen, the
notes of which, concerning that point, I have delivered Mr. Beale, to
put her better in mind thereof; and among which, one fpecial
matter for my comfort, and leads from this, her Majefty doth pro-
mife, as alfo fent me fundry the like meflages, that I (hould not in this
fervice lack any thing in the world, to further it withal. And if
all they agree with that I have done, and that I have not proceeded
againft thcfe, I triifl her Majefty will alter her heavy conceit, as
well of my negligence as carcleflhefs in her ftrvice. And withal,
that it will pleafe her to remember her promife for my abode, which
flie faid earneftly fhould not be above th, ec months. But now I
perceive her Majefty is perfuaded that I am here to my own defire,
and that it was fccreily my own motion to come hither, and to have
this place. For that, 1 will defire no other witnefles, befides what I
protefted to her Majefty's felf, but your Lordftiip, and all the reft of
my good Lords and friends there, whether 1 ever feemed to defire,
or could in reafon wi(h it. Firft, the abfcnce from her Majefty; next
mine own poor eftate, in v/hat terms it rcfted, and doth yet, I think,
is made known to you, and others my friends. The hindrance I
had by my laft journey; the ingratitude I found in the States, and
little hope of any good ; befides my years, and decay of health, to
lofe all thcfe by my journey; and the greatcft of all, the fear of
her Majefty's difpleafure, which I got in the laft voyage, with tlic
lofs, I proteftto God, of 25000 1. clear of cxpences, befidc all I re-
ceived, being before at Icaft 8cool. in debt, and yet never fo near
out of debt, fince the firft year I ferved. I truft thefc be rcafons fov
her Majefty not to think I am here at my own liking, ibr neither do
I like the place, nor would have taken it upon me, to have received
in gift 40,0001. but for the pcrfuafion of your Lordfliips all, and tjie

fervice

STATE PAPERS.

345

further
)nceive,
r better
:en, the
Jeale, to
I fpecial
3th p ro-
ll in this
y^.ndif
rocccdcd
nccit, as
I Nvithal,
le, which
jt now I
n\ defire,
d to have
es what I
lie reft of
to defire*
fty; next
i, I think,
|ud ranee I
ates, and
leaUh, to
e fear of
with the
all I re-
fo near
a Ton 3 for
lic'ither do
reciivcd
, and the
fervice

fervice was thought I only might do here, for her Majefly and the ^'Jv-',?,,'^*
common caufe; and this, I take God to record, I fpcak from my is**?'
heart according to truth, and even fo, I pray you, my good Lord,
anfwer for me, and be a mean, if ever I may requite it, to help me
fpcedily home. And I fee no caufe of ftay, the anfwer had of thefc
men, but her Majefty fending fuch one, or appointing one here to
take the charge of her army. As for the authority of my govern-
ment, 1 have not accepted of it, bccaufe ! did altogether follow her
Majcfty's expcdation for the peace, and fought to drive as many
advantages for her to take her own courfe by, as I could. And
now to haften their anfwer, I have fent thcin her Majcfty's mind by
Mr. Fvillegrew, although for my own fliame I forbear the delivery
of the letter, till I hear again. For truly her Majcfty's fclf fliall be
as greatly touched as I, for thereby will ihcfe froward firft begin-
ners of her Majcfty's flander take hold to aftlrm it to be true, as
they may, and by the manner of our proceeding hitherto. Ilcr
Majefty may deal as ftie dcih, and yet draw the caufe from the
States, and fo moft honourably may flic go forward, if as fafcly,
which God grant. For it is wonderful to hear how the States aie
hated, for giving her Majefty caul'c thus to deal, for now all blame
is laid upon them ; and this is alio the beft and next way for all the
people to commit themfelvcs to her Majcfty's order, as I believe it
v.ill full out fo. Whereas, otlierwifc, it will hardly be bu-lievcd
there, the great alteration of all men's minds it would make. Uut
all as fiiall pleafe her Majefty ; for my part, I have fcrvcd her as I
would to anfwer to God for it. I commit your Lordftilp to God,
having no paper left. •

At Utrecht, this 30th September, 15*^7.

Your Lordfliip'a, dec.

R. I-EicisriiK.

Ear^

; 'Hi

34^

STATE PAPERS,

E 1, I Z A-
B E T H.

.587,

B.arl of Leicejier to Lord Burleigh.

oaober 30. My very good Lord,

T WAS in good hope that I (hould have heard out of Eng-
land, e'er I fhould have had any caufe to write any more than I
have done heretofore. But howfoever I am refpeited, I will not
omit my duty in advertifing her Majefty and my Lords, how mat-
ters pafs here in the mean while. The States proceed ftill, after one
fort, for the eftablifliment of their government, as I have already
declared. And if thefe men hold their authority as they do, they
will fhortly bring their purpofes to pafs, fpecially ufing the matter
of peace fo greatly to their advantage as they do ; whereof I have
written both to her Majefty and your Lordfliip at large. And al-
though it will hardly be believed, but by thofe that be here pre-
fent among them, that fo holy and honeft a caufe fliould be fo mif-
liked, yet fo doth it fall out now, that the hearts of all men are
greatly daunted, and the devices of pradifing heads hath the more
way given them to take cffeiSl. And nothing doth argue to me
greater caufe to miftruft the meanings of thefe men, than thejolity
they make upon this motion of peace, as men glad and contented to
have men's minds altered from her Majefty ; ufing all the pradlices
and devices they can, to further it. For they are not ignorant
that if her Majefty (hall leave them, that they have no Prince to
truft or lean unto, and yet do they what they may, to make her
Majefty forfake them. For no men can take more diftionourable
or I'piteful courfes, fince the motion her Majefty hath made unto
them, for fo good a matter, than they have done. They have de-
livered out in the worft fort, and with an interpretation of their
own, that her Majefty hath always had no better intention toward
them, than to get a peace in the end for herfelf. That I have been
9 fcnt

STATE PAPERS.

Cent over, this laft time chiefly, for that purpofe, under colour of my
authority and government here ; and have fccrctly, and Come ways
openly enough, fought to hinder my credit with the people, all they
can poflTibly: whereby they might the more eafily fettle their go-
vernment as they would have it. And in truth they have chofcn a
fit time for it, and have gotten a good ground for them to work on.
For the people they pcrluade one way, that by a peace there is no
way but deftrudion for them, and hereupon they dcfcant upon her
MajcUy in the hirheft note, to alienate their hearts. The foldiers
they perfuade another way, that having peace they mud be dif-
chargcd, and if they will continue their fervice with them, they will
cntcriain them ftill, and agree to no peace, whatfoevcr the Queen of
Kngland (hall do, who, they allure ihemftlves, will have peace.
This is a pcrfuafion your Lordfliip can confidcr very fubftantial,
both to hold them with them, and to alter them from her Majcfty.
Befidc, if they had never Co good devotion to ferve under mc, they
murt: now doubt, or rather be out of doubt, that if her Majcrty leave
them, it is not like that I fliall remain among them, or have any
authority to do them any good. And therefore, if they fiiould now
i'ccm to lean to me for her Majcfty's fervice, it mull be too weak a
pillar, feeing there is no alTurance for any maintenance for them.
The like realbn mull needs fall into the ijiinds of others, that have been,
and are well aifcded, both to the caufc and to her Majcfly, that if
ihcbe minded to treat for peace, and thefe men do reful'e to join with
her, it is like flic will take oiTence and leave them; if it fo fall out,
whom have they to trull unto, or what caufc fhail they have to ftand
with mc, or to declare openly any afledion to her Miijefly ? They
find the States already, how they arc bent hy the perfuafions the/
ufe in all places, and wliat conftant protcftations they have made of
late, fpccially all thofe of Holland and Zealand, to go through witli
this caufc, both for religion or their liberty, to the laft drop of their
blood; V. hereby they liavc enchanted many well meaning men,

Y y -a who

3^7

E I. 1 7 A-
B E r If.

1587.

STATE PAPERS.

V. r, I / A-

CJ.Tjr.

wlio do not look thoroughly into theif doings, nor ohforve diligently
iheir nuuiner of proceeding; for if they did, they would take it, as
I ana pcil'iiaded it is, the Syren's tharm. Wherein for my further

conceit of their intent, I will refer your Lordlhip to my letter to Mr.
Bcale; for heing hut my own coUedion, I dare not incenfe her Ma-
jedy, for it may he fo difTcrcnt from wifcr mens judgments, as I
will rather fuft offer it to their examination and confideralion For
if they have no deeper fetches here, than hy their prefent proceed-
ings it appears, there can he no wife man that heholdeth it, hut fee
manifeftly they run headlong to their own deftrudion, and over-
throw of religion, liberties and all. The reafons I refer you to Mr.
Ik'ale's letter; hut if there were no more hut thefe two, they be fuf-
ficient ; the firfl is, to rejcdt or negleft the aid of fuch a Prince as her
Majefty is, before they had made all the proffers in the world, to have
won, and perfuaded her to have cornpafTion on them, as loft people
without her, as they will be certainly, without God's miracle. 1"hc
other is, the fmall care they liave of their conjoined friends and united
confederates, as Utrecht, Guclders, Overyilcl, and Brabant, with
whom they mean to deal mofl; hardly and ftraitly withal, and even to
make them defperatc, feeing it likely that her Majcfly will leave the
caufe. So that your Lordlhip may hereby perceive the eflatc prefently,
which at more large particularly you fliall know hy Sir Richard
Bingham, whom I mean to fend forthwith over, who is a wife and
worthy gentleman, and a man of great judgment. And for the al-
terations here, you may fee the caufe, being taken only upon the
motion of a godly and good matter, to drive honeft men to defpair,
and to take thcmfelvcs the full fway of their own will, to bring what
they will to pafs. That the people, and well difpofcd, are choakcd
by their pcrfuafions, and difcouraged, as they dare not fliow to her
Majcfly that, they would gladly have caufe to do, nor to me, her
Miniftcr, fearing my ability, as indeed they have caufe to do.

Therefore,

STATE PAPERS.

349

Therefore, my Lord, touching tliis ftatc, there is hut one of tlicfc ^ J-J/f;'"^'
ways, either for her Majcfty to concur with thcfe mens new plot i,'';-
of government, and yield them her wonted alFiilancc withal, or to
withdraw her forces, and hreak utterly off with them, upon their
unthankful and bad dealings with her, bcfide the altering their go-
vernment without her knowledge, and ufing her I icu tenant as they
liavc done; or elie to qualify her late motion of the peace, if with
her honour Ihe may do it, and to lend an Amballador to perfuade
the people licre, by promife of her favour, and covmtenance of her
longer fupport, if they be able, upon further conference with them,
to Ihow to her ^1;^icfly that they be able to hold out the war witii
fuflicicnt contributions; which, if her MajcRy flioukl find this way
good, would alter all thefc confederacies here, as (juite as if they
had never been, and upon my life, have all thcfe fellows changed
that now rule, and do with them what flie will. And it had been
fo done by the people upon my firft arrival now, but that craftily
they began, by times, to cafl: out the matter of peace, and the caufe
of my coming to be for none other, and this they begim with before
Sluvs was loft; and they knew it would make a ftay at leaft among
men, to fee what would bv..:ome of her Majefty's dealing, and mine
here in that matter, having j od advertifement out of England to
maintain their bruit, as I did write both to her Majefty and your
LordHiips. In which time, as they loft no time, fo fell it out, that
this motion of peace was profecuted as you know froiji licr Majefty,
which hath greatly conhrmed thcfe men, and condemned me much
with the people, fpecially of Holland and Zealand. Nevenhelefs how
careful I have been to difcharge m.y duty towards her Majefty, to ftay
mens minds, and devotions every where, until her doings Ihall give
juft caufc to the contrary, I will refer me to all that fcrve her Ma-
jefty here, and do not doubt but your Lordftiip, and the reft about
her there, will have regard of this weighty caufe, to think v/hat is
like to be the fetpicl of it, if it quell, as it muft needs as the cafe

ftands,

111

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V-^

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350

STATE PAPERS.

ELI/ A-
B KT H.

i,-s,-.

ftands, and aa thefe ntcn proceed wlih it. Tor if it v/ere pofTiblc for
thcin to hold and maintain a war againft the enemy, without her
Majcfty; for my part I would fear the lefa any danger to her Ma-
jcfty or the realm; but feeing it manifeft, that without her Majcfly's
aid, or fome fuch Prince, it is not poflible for them to iland, no not
any long time, I muft needs think that the King of Spain mull
fliortly have them again, in the worft fort, and with grealelt peril
for her Majefty. The matter is fo far carried already, as there can
be no long delays for her to nfe, for fuch remedy as Ihe fliall think
meet. I have been told to fet you down three ways, for my capacity
can think of no other, and they be hard all ; wherefore I will refer
them, and any other to God, her Majefty, and your LordHup's prudent
advices. For 1 mufl: fay it again, thefe countries once gone, you
fliall never fee the like fecurity for England again. A few here, and
a few clfewhere, hath brought all this ill to pafs. For my own part,
if the lofs of my blood and life could advance her Majefly's fervice,
it hath been, and fliall be to my laft hour ready. And as one of
the three viays I fpeak of, is the way moft feared, of all the good
fort; fo if her Majefty's courfe fliould light that way, which is utterly
to leave them, all would then fall to prefcnt diflblution. And I am
greatly deceived if thefe that would appear to be the only patriots,
<lo not defire that way, before the other. Amongft other things of
late, they have, in two or three principal matters, flatly broken the
treaty ; but of that, and divers other particular doings of theirs, you
fhall underftand more by Sir Richard Bingham, who fliall not be
long after this, and truft you will help myfclf to be one of the next
after him ; the fooner the better, for I have no means to continue mc
twenty days here. And I fee now no fervice for mc to do, except
her Majefty take the laft way, and it muft alTc a prefcnt charge, as
I have alfo fet down to the faid Sir Richard Bingham, which I can
hardly think of but it were the only furc way, and moft honour-
able way, and the bcft way to bring a good peace about, though not

S T A 1 E PAPERS.

351

fo hafty and fpeedy a way, as you are in hand whli nowj but it is ELI / A-
ail old faying, the fureft way is always the ncarcft way. God fend 1587
her Majefty, I befeech him, to take the fureft way, though it were ^ v— ^
the longer and the farther way. And fo end, committing your
Lordfliip's health and long life to his fafe protcdion. At Utrecht,
going to-morrow to Dort, this 30th of October 1587.

Your Lordfliip's, &c.

R. LeIC£ST£R.

Good my Lord bear with my fcriblings, for I am many waya
troubled, and impeached, even whiirt I write.

Earl of Leicejicr to the Lords of the Coti7icih

My good Lords,

A M forry that in refpedl of my place amongft yourfelves, and
my hard fervice here, I can receive no more comfort, or be more
regarded than I find hi.herto I am. But I am far more grieved to
fee thefe weighty caufcs ihat toucheth not only the well or ill doing
of these countries committed to my charge, but that fo deeply con-
cern her Majefty, and the whole realm of England, to be fo paflcd
over as they be. As for my own pcrfon, I know it worth not much
conlideration, the more fault on thofe that have made no better
choice ; but to lay fo great a charge upon a man fo little cared for, is
not well. For it is hardly fcon, that luch a charge fliould go with-
out better countenance, or more credit than 1 have received, to fur-
ther this fervice withal. I truft 1 have not failed to make known,
both to her Majefty and feme of your Lordlhipa, from time to
time, the ftate of thefe countries, and of my charge; but how feldom
I have received either her pleafure or diredion, 1 know beft, that
have io (rften craved ir. Only for the motion of peace, which as

fooa

1587.

Nov. 6ih,

'■•M

.-?.it!^;

ss^-

STATE PAPER S.

E M Z A-
13 E Til.

1387.

foon as I had her Majefty's cotnmnndmcnt, I did propound it to the
States, and yet was gro.itly blamed that I had not done it fooufr,
tliOLigh without fo pood wnrranl as I X^'.^.^ it. Yet wliat care I
had to do it, according to fuch inrtrtitflions as I had, that might
be nioft to her Majcfty's h'mnii-, and the fafcty of the caulc
here, I refer nie to my general declarations, as well to her
Majcfly's fclf, as to otlieis, and fpecially IVlr. Beale, who was
piivy, and acquainted with the wiiole; but what cfl'edl hath fol-
lowed the altcraiion of that cuurfe, and the want of fupply of that,
which I did humbly give my advice to ha- Majefly for, doth now
appear; which was, to fend over fome man of credit, to have dealt
with thcfe men at large, and fubHantially, as well touching their
ill dealing with her Majcfty, as to proceed with the motion for the
treaty of peace, in inch fort as might withal retain »he hearts and
good afTedions of the people toward her. I did not defire this, for
that I was not both willing and ready to do it myfclf, or any other
fervice her Majefly would command me, but I did truly fct down
luito licr, how unfit I was of all others, to ufe that kind of fervice,
being fo greatly fufpcded, or rather detraded by the State's dealing
as I was, wherein alfo they did her Majefly no little wrong, in thu
public reports they made, unto which I thought myfelf boimd in duty
to make anfwer, as I did, and did fend it over to your Lordfliips by
Atye. A thing which I am furc gave great laiisfadion here to all
the better fort, and no hindrance at all to that purpofe which her
Majefty intended, but very great furtherance, as I can well prove;
albeit it was here given out, and brought from England, that her
INlajefly reproved it, faying, that I had abfolute commandment t)
have broken the matter of treaty, upon my firft arrival to the States,
and did reft in great cfFence toward me therefore ; which opinion
yet remains, and is given out by fuch as would have my credit Rand
in fufpencc. Tut touching this matter, I have both declared to her
Majelly by writing, what cffcd it hath taken, as alfo by Sir
Uichard liingham, who hath been an car and eye-witncfs of it. The

matter

STATE PAPERS.

i53

t to tlic

foomT,
care I

t miglit

le caulc
lo her

r\\o wa3

lath fol-

' of that,

loth now

lavc dealt

ing their

n for the

learts and

: this, for

any other
fct down

lof fervice,

e's dealing

ng, in tha

nd in duty

irdfl^ips by
icrc to all
which her
■ell prove;
, that her
ndment to
the States,
;h opinion
rcdit (land
A red to her
lib by Sir
of it. The
matter

matter I fear hath not bred more confufion among men here, rlian it ^g'g'^H^'
will caufe of great trouble ere long to her Majcfty, and as alfo 1587.
there. For as peace, no doubt, of itfclf, is « moft happy and blcflcd
gift of God to all people on the earth, fo yet in thefe days, all cir-
cuniflances confidered, between fuch Princes, where fo great diffe-
ences are, fpecially for the church of God, and the confcienccs of
men, it mud be deeply weighed, whether, lo defend the enemy by
fuch a war, or be reconciled to him by a dangerous peace, be bet-
ter. But chiefly to examine the likelihood of the peace thoroughly,
before we be too far lulled with the name and hope of it, led it be-
witch us, and bring us to a dangerous and moft fenfelefs fecurity.
And that wc may look vr/y precifely into tlie charmers, both abroad
and at home. For, mod afluredly, there be great treafons and trea-
cheries in hand, at this prefent. And as England hath been long, to
her Majedy's great peril, infe£led with fuch, fo do I greatly fear that
they had never greater affinity with thefe abroad, than at this hour.
I have not fpared to write my opinion of fome in thefe parts, nor to
declare the prcfumptions I have gathered of fome notable revolt here,
not in the generality, but by the fubtlc pradicc and fecrct conjuration
of a few, that are (no doubt) bought by the King, and they will fell
their country. I have, heretofore, defcribed the nature and condition
of thefe men, they be covetous, they be without religion, and the
chief of them drangers. They love not the good people of the
country, and they know the people doth hate them. For the better
confirmation of my conceit, they have made no officers nor magif-
trates thefe feven years, but the lewded and word difpofed perfons,
both in religion and otherwife, that they can find out. They feek,
all ways that may be, to deface all her Majefly's doings to the people,
and to withdraw their good minds from her. They fliow open
millike and hate to our nation, that, with lofs of their blood, and long
fcrving them, hath made fuflicient proof of their well deferving.
Their fmall account they make of her Majedy's favour and aid to

Z z them,

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STAfff PAPERS.

EtIZ A-
BETH.

them, which' wotild mom flatly appear, but for fear of the people,
and yet be they afTured that without it they cannot' ftandj the little
or no preparations* indeed, that they make to refid, or annoy the
enemy; ther appointing fuch to have the command of their men
of war, that are wholly at their devotion, making the colour of
it, as though it were done only by the Counts Maurice and Hol-
lock, for private diflike of me, which I know they have no caule at
all at my hands to do fo; and alfo their keeping the payment of all
foldiers to themfelVes, and to be the more fure of them; the care-
lefsnefs for the fuccour of Sluys, or providing any place befide to
refift the enemy; the continual informiation I have from well-willeis
on the other fide. Who affirm certainly, that there be of the States
reconciled to the King, and hath offered all fcrvice to render the
countries again, and to help to drive out the Englifli. Thefe be of
the States of Holliand, and fome of Zealand, I fpeak of, who do riot
only impeach all the reft that are well affefted, by reafon of their
credit and their numbers, being the greater, but do what they
can to difcourage the reft of the provinces united with them : info-
much as of late they have taken a refolute order, that all their con-
tributions, which ii two patts of three, (hall go only to the payment
of their own garrifons, and defence of their own towns. They have
made profit of this motion of peace, as I have told you, to difcredit
her Majefty if they can, and to difgrace me with the people, that
iliey may the better proceed in their devices and pra£lices. For, in
this mean while, is the enemy grown very mighty, both by land and
water. He never yet had that ftrength by much. He hath all pre-
parations ready, as well by water as land, to befiege or attempt any
place. He is near 40,000 men for certain. The States prepare yet
no refiftance ; befide they have given it out, that all was for France,
till now that they be ready to march. I have fent for as many men
as are within my commandment, to furnifti Bergen-op-2oom, a place
very like they will feek, which will aflc at the leaft 3000 men, to de-

J fend

STATE PAPERS.

ZS5

fend fuch a fiege as the Prince will make; which if I can fee fo ^V-rH^"
furniHied, as may probably be kept, we will defend it, otherwife I iij^;-
will deliver it to the States, and fave our people, and let them either
defend it or lofe it. And I doubt • not we fhail have enough to do
to defend thefe other towns in her Majefty*s charge, if the forces be
fuch as I hear, and any of the States traitors, as is to be greatly fuf-
peCied. For my part, fmce you have left me here all this while,
and all our Englifh forces, which were a1 mod: 6000, befides the or-
dinary, revoked and difcharged, I will leave my bones here alfo, if
there be anyattempt made to this place ; and do truft your Lordfhips
will confider, what importance it is of for her Majefty, as well for
her money, as to procure a treaty, and it mud be as well defended
by fea, as by land, or elfe, if the country revolt, it will furely be put
in great hazard. For myfelf, I am at this prefent, and a good while
have been lefs regarded, and worfe left than Sir John Norris was.
For I left him not only all the captains and officers, that were under
me, both noblemen and others, but 2000 Englifh foldiers in the
States pay. I am not only left without thofc I brought, and thofe
in the States pay, but all officers difcharged, and fuch able men as
are fit now, at fuch a time, to take charge, and give dire^ion. I
have now ftaid Sir William Pelham, till I hear from your Lordlhips,
whom I had once difcharged fully, and Sir William Reid had his
paflport to go over, whom I yet ftay alfo ; not doubting but you will
all have that due care over thefe countries gencially, and thefe places
of her Majefty's particularly, that (hall be meet for fo great and
faithful Counfellors to her Majefty, and to your country. For my-
felf, it is no time now to complain, or to ftand upon mine own
caufes. I am here, as you have known, and may perceive by this
declaration, with fmall honour to her Majefty, and lefs credit to my-
felf. I befeech you now weigh me as a poor man in her fervicet
^and as but a governor of Fluftiing or Brill. I would be forry to be
lingering on this long, to receive now the diflionour of lofs within

Z z 3 my

A H I

-I

klM

356

STATE PAPERS.

^bV-^h^' "^^ c^^rgCf of any place of her Majefty's, as I muft think them ii»
isSy great danger. Bv* whatfoever fhall go, my life ihall be loft withal.
There be fome captains there, I would they were fent over in hafte,
as Sir Roger Williams, Sir Har. Norris to the Brill, and his brother,
whofe company is at Oflend. Thus I commend the llate of this
place fpecially to your Lordfhips, that there may be vtdual in rea*
dinefs prepared, for we muft not truft to thefe countries help now,
and your navy with all fpeed, for therein will confift our chief
furety. And fo I commit your Lordships all, to the fafe protedion of
the Almighty. In much hafte this 6th of November 1587.

Your Lordfhip's aflured poor friendt

R. Leicester.

■•.i V

t. ,..!'■; V!i

■J u.

: I will not fait to take the beft order I can devi(e for the defence of
this ifle of Walckeren, and have fent to the States again, to fee their
care. Sir William Pelham I fent to Bergen- op-Zoom, to give order
there, and look for him this night again. I forgot to move your
Lordihips alfo, to have five or fix thoufand men in readinefs, neareft
the coaft, for all events ; and to keep Sir Richard Bingham ready, if
need be, that he may return.

I ' I

fi. "

.! U

'i • Sir

'.. if

■ii '.^> .

;•] 1 1

i-cf:'

STATE PAPERS.

•■■!,'

Sir Francis Walfingham to toe Earl of Leicefter,

357

E L I Z A>.
BETH.

«S»7.

\ My very good Lord,

T N the niidft of my diet I fell into a fever, and fince my recovery

of the fever, I am troubled greatly with a defludion of an hu-
mour into one of mine eyes, which hath been the caufe why your
Lord(hip hath not heard from me thefe many days. I hope your
Lordfliip, confidering it groweth from the hand of God,, will excufe
me.

I doubt not but that your Lordfhip is thoroughly acquainted with
our G>urt proceedings, fmce the return of the Lord North, and my
brother Beale. From him, and other your Lord(hip*8 honourable
friends in Court, I know you are informed, how oflFenfively it is
taken, that, (he matter of peace goeth flowly forward there. It is
reported that both Mr. Herbert the Mafter of the Requefts, and Mr.
Ortell, ihall prefently repair over, to deal efFedually with the States*
for the advancement of the faid peace. And it is alfo faid that our
Commiflioners fhall put fhemfelves prefently in a readinefs to depart
into thofe countries, to the end, that when the States have given
their aflfents to yield to the treaty, there may be no time loft. There
is the more hafte made in this matter, for that Andreas de Loo doth
write, that the Diike of Parma thinketh he is but mocked and
dallied withal ; and that he doubteth greatly, that, if the Com-
miifioners fhall not be prefently fent over, the faid Duke will break
oflF, and not proceed to the treaty, which we do believe here to be
mofttrue ; and will, by no means, be perfuaded that the King of Spain
and the faid Duke do but dally with us ; fo ftrong a conceit are we
grown to have of both their fmcerities, contrary to the opinion of
all men of judgment* feeing the great preparations made both by fea
gnd land.

Sir

K87.

ober <

OAober 9tb.

ELIZA-
BETH.
»587-

STATE PAPERS.

Sir Edward Stafford hath advertifed hither, that the French King
ihath efpecially fent unto his agent in Spain, to learn there, whether
the King of Spain meant foundly to proceed in this treaty of peace
with the Queen, from whom he hath received undoubted anfwer,
that the King doth it only to win time, and to abufe the Queen of
England. This, notwithftanding that Mr. Stafford hath gotten it
from one of good account about the King, is offenfively taken here;
fo much do wemiflike any thing that may hinder the faid treaty of
peace.

YourLordfliip hath done very well to caufe Monfieur Averley that
came from Monfieur Segure to make report unto me only, of that he
had to fay; for otherwife great inconveniences might have grown
thereby, to the prejudice of the common caufe. I think he ihall re-
turn, without impartiiig the matter to any other.

Such news as I have received out of France, touching the King of
Navarre % and the Reifters campf* I fend herewith unto your
Lordfhip. And fo moft humbly take my leave. '' ' '''■''* "''" '" ''

From my houfe in London the 9th of Odober iJrSy.

; Your LoidIhip*8 to command,

Francis V/alsinoham.

* The battle of Coutrai was fought the 20th of 0£lober.
f The Reifters were overthrown by the Duke of Guife.

.j. ...

1 <

,,• .- r < -1 • .'t I

11 ■;,■.■".;! ' ,, y.'

Sir

■ :» !

LSINGHAM.

STATE PAPER Si

ill

Ai.tl 1. .

• 1'

I 1/ •

Sir Francis JP'aiJtngham to the Earl of Lekejfen

E LI Z A.

FETH.

«S.87.«

My very good Lord,
A^LTHOUGH it hath pleafed God to quit of my fever, yet Noi?\^zth.

ia rtbt my body reftored to that Hate of flrength, as that either
my hand or heid can endure theufe of my pen; and therefore I am.
humbly to pray your Lordfhip to excufe me, in that I write not with
mine own hand. Touching the refolution taken, both for your
Lordfliip's return, and the caufes of thofe countries, fince the arrival
o^ Sir Richard Bingham, I can fay nothing. I pray God they may
fall out to your Lordfhip's contentment, who hath received as hard
meafure as ever nobleman, or any other meaner minifter, that hatli
at any time been employed in foreign fervice. I fear there is not
care taken in the manner of your Lordihip's revocation, both of her
Majefty's honour, and your Lordfhip's,. as appertaineth. But good
my Lord, let nothing ffay you there (unlefs fome extraordinary raufe
fall out, as your return may breed fuch a change there, as may en-
endanger this eftate), for your continuance will but work you increafe
of diflibnour and difgrace. A letter from the Duke of Parma to her
Majefty, harh bied in her fuch a dangerotis fecurity, as all advertife-
ments of perils and danger are neglected, and great expedition is ufed
in difpatching of the Commiffioners, Sir James Crofts * being now
appointed' to fupply Sir John Herbert's place, unto which 1 fear that»
if my ficknefs had not been the lot, I had been preferred, which,
would have drawn her Majefty's difpleafure upon me, being fully
refolved, in no fort, to have accepted thereof, for that I would be loth
to be employed in a fervice, that all men of judgment may fee appa-
rently (in I "fpeil of the handling of the matter) cannot but work her
Majefty's ruin. I pray God, I, and others of my opinion, may prove
in this falfe prophets.

Comptroller of the Houfhold,

Scotland

tBs'

360

STATE PAPERS.

BLtZA.

BBTH.

Scotland Is altogether negledled, from whence all our mifchief it
like to comCi where the employment of 2000 men by the enemy* with
fome portion of treafure* may more annoy us, than 30,000 men
landed in any part of this realm. No one thing more doth prdg-
nofticate an alteration of the eftate, than that a Prince of her Ma-
jeAy's judgment, (hould negledl, in refpedk of a little charges, the
(lopping of fo dangerous a gap, as that is like to prove. What
pratflices have this lad year been fet abroach in that realm, tending
to the annoyance of this realm, your Lordfhip, by the enclofed
extracts (which I pray you may be referred unto yourfelf ) fliall per-
ceive. Monfieur Junius, fent from the Duke Caftmir, is now
returned with fome weak fatisfadion, fuch as I fear will breed no
great contentment; for we have not (kill here, neither of timely, nor
thorough doing. The manner of our cold and carelefs proceeding
here, in this time of peril and danger, maketh me to take no com-
fort of my recovery of health, for that I fee apparently, unlefs it ihalt
pleafe God in mercy, and miraculoufly, to preferve us, we cannot
long (land. And fo, recommending your Lordihip unto his protec-
tion, and wKhing your fpeedy return, I moft humbly take my
leave. From my houfe in London the 12th of November 1587.

, , , , .V Your Lordihip's to command, ,./. ;

Francis Walsinoham.

Sir Richard Bingham doth acknowledge himfelf greatly bound
unto your Lordihip for your honourable account of him. For the
which he leaveth nothing undone that may exprefs his thank*,
fulnefs.

;.t

•< f ti u' ■ ^... .

No. XXI.

STATE PAPE R S.

No. XXI.

Letters from Sir Francis TValfingham to Sir Edward
. ^ Stafford^ Ambaffador at the Court of France.

[Thefe difpatches are given as fpccimens of the ordinary cor rel'pond-
ence of Secretary Walfinghara with the Queen's Miniftera
abroad. He was once deceived ; and that was by the crafty
Charles IX. and his more crafty and profligate mother Catherine
of Medicis, in 1572. He thought them fincere with regard to the
Proteftants. It made that impreffion on him, that he took care
never to be over-reached again. He delivered himfelf up entirely
to his budnefs ; was fo frank as often to difpleafe a Miftrefs, who,
with great qualities, was capricious and dilatory. — This colle«Slion
fhewG, what no other gives the lead intimation of, that he was
fometimes left out of the fecret, as in the previous negociation
with the Duke of Parma; and was on the point of refigning.—
His connection with Leicefler is (Irongly marked in the letters
between them.l

Sir Francis TValJingham to Sir Edward Stafford,

SIR, ■ ■ "'■•'
■LTER Majefty*8 pleafure is, you fhall, at fuch time as may feem
beft unto you, repair to the King, and, with fome fhew of
conceived unkindnefs, declare unto him, that fhe hath great caufe to
find herfelf very much grieved; for that having, mart conftantly em-
braced and entertained his friendfhip, and thereof, from time to time,
yielded manifeft proofs and teftimonies ; namely, oi late, that (lie
fent two minifters of her's, one after another, exprefsly unto him,
to make offer unto him of neighbourly aid and ailiftance, upon tho
accident that fell out of the outrage and revolt committed by the
Duke of Guife; he feemeth now to yield her a very unkind requital
thereof in divers things; among which her Majefty's pleafure is,

361

ELIZA-
BETH.

From the
Originah in
ihe I'aper
OHice.

Septeinb«r
Sth.

I \

Vol. I.

3 A

you

sSi

STATEPATERS.

A- you fliould firft make mention of the Galeaffe*, which, being en-
tered and won by her fubjeds, with the lofs of their blood, and
divers of their lives, fliQ cannot but ^hink it a vexy hard point, that
the ftridlnefs of law (hould fo far prevail againft good debts, and the
rclpedl of profeffcd frieadfliip and good ncighbouihood, as that re-
flitution of the ordnance of the fame ihould be made unto the enemy»
becaufe the faid GalleafTe ran on ground within gun-fbot of Calais,
i^dding thereunto alfo, the ftrange demeanour towards her, of his
fubjcdls of Ncvvhavcn, in the road whereof, one of the enemy's vef-
fels of the number of their fleet, being aflailed by one of her (hips,
the Lieutenant of tlie Town, as her Majefty is informed, making
himfelf in a manner a party againft her with the enemy, planted his
ordnance upon the fands, and difcharged the fame upon her faid
fhip. Furthermore, flie would have you alfo take knowledge in
her name of a fpecial meflenger fent unto the Pope, to fue unto him
for a difpcnfation with his oath taken for obferva^ion of the al-
liance and treaties that have been heretofore pafled between both
their progenitors ; and to let him underftand, that if he have any fuch
meaning to break off the faid alliance with her, he fhall do honoi^*-
ably to make it in plain fort known to her.

Laftly, Her Majefty's pleafure i«, you fhould, to the fame pur-
pofe, acquaint him with the words printed in the Spanilh Ambai^-
xlor's oration, of his pretended renouncing of hec alliance and amity,
wherein (he conceiyeth, that he cannot, in honour and due regard of
her fatisfadion, but jyftify himfelf to the world, by fome public
writing. This do I write by her Majefty*s commandment, and yet
can I not but advife you, if you fee the delivery thereof unto the .
King, in fuch fort as the fame is fet down, will do any harm, to ufe
your difcretionj for it is hard here to prefcribe, what is fit to be 4one
there. It behoveth her Majefty greatly to cpntinue amity with that
crown; and therefore it is, not convenient that any breach (hould
grow between us upon light quarrels. This intended aflemblyt at

A SpaniQi man of war taken off.Calaii.

t Of the Stacef,.

Blois

STATE PAPERS.

Blo'is will dlfcover what is to he looked for from thence.

were true magnanimity in the French King, I (hould hope wellj but

when I look into his weaknefs, I rather dcfpair than hope.

Her Majefty fmdeth it ftrange, that you fliould make any doubt
touching the matter of the pique and jealoufy between the Duke of
Parma and the Spaniards, being that the continuance thereof cannot
but advance her fervice ; and therefore (he would have yoU| by all
means poflible) to nourifli the fame.

We hear, out of the Low Countries, that the faid Duke is at
Brufliels, and hath drawn all his forces up into Brabant, with a pur-
pofe, as it is thought, to attempt fomewhat againft Bergen-op-
zoom.

How things do ftand in Scotland, you (hall perceive by the ia-
clofed copy of a letter from Sir Robert Sidney.

For the Spanifh fleet, fmce the news of their doubling the north
ifle of Scotland, we have not certainly heard of their courfe, and yet
do in reafon fuppofe, that they are, e'er this time, at home. Some
report is given out, that they had loft a great number of their fhips
towards the back fide of Ireland in the laft ftorm, and were returned
home but forty fail ; but we have no fufficient ground to give credit
thereto. And fo I commit you to God. At St. James's, 8th Sep^
tember, 1588.

Your's, &c.

Fit A. Walsingham.

363

If there E L i z A-
ir mere ^ ^^ ^ j.j_

' V

3 A 2

Sir

3^H

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BET H.

1588.

September
30.

Sir Francis Walfmgham to Sir Edward Stafford,

SIR,

T DO make this difpatch unto you, to let you underftand of fuch
advcrtifements as we have lately received out of Ireland ; which
it is thought meet to fend unto youi to the end you may be able to
fatisfy fuch as (lull be dcfirous to know thereof, which cannot be
conftrudled to be delivered of any cunning on our part, confidering
that they are the confeflions and teftimonics of our advcrfaries them-
felvcs, and therefore it hath been thought convenient to commit them
to the print*. For the particularities I refer you to the printed
book. We do look fhortly to hear from thence of other (hips to
fall into the like diftrel's, for the fouth-wcft winds have blovvTi fo
hard, as, in the judgment of our feamen, it hath not been poflTible
for them to return into Spain. It is likewife meant, that within a
while, the fubftance of the whole proceedings of the Spanifh navy,
and ours, fhall be publiflied both in French and Italian f.

Touching that you writ to me in your laft letters, if you had
authority to put the French King in you would hope to do

fome good : the Queen hath willed me to let you underhand, that
fhe marvelleth you (hould expcdl any fuch commiffion, confidering
that, in a matter tending fo much to the beneft of her fervice, you
may, without further authority, do all good offices that occafion fhall
require.

Other matter we have nothing here meet for your knowledge, but
that, upon advertil'ement received, that the Duke of Parma hath
brought his forces about Bergen-opzoom, and drawn the cannon
thither, intending to employ his whole power ngainfl: that place,
her Majefly meaning not to give over the honour fhe hath already

• This is republinied in the IT.-irlcian Mifcellany.

■\ There were two accounts publiflied by authority, one called a letter to D. B. Mendoza,
the other Uid to be tranflated from the Italian.

gotten,

STATE PAPERS.

S^S

gotten, hath given order for the fending thither of 1500 men from ^J'JJ'tA'
hence, of her own fubjeds, and 500 Walloons of the ftrange 1588.
churches, which, together with the ftrength that is already in the
town, we hope Ihall be able to hold the place, and to repulfe the
Duke.
From the Court at St. James's, the 30th. of September, 1588.

Your's, &c.

Fra. Walsincham-

'I I't

lh||

'■i

Sir Francis IFalfingham to Sir Edward Stafford,

SIR,

OER Majefty confidering how much it Importeth the quietnefs Ofto£>er«y.

and fafety of the Princes of this part of Chridendom, to ufe
advantage of the late vidory it hath pleafed God to give unto her,
in the conflict with the Spanifh navy, by keeping the King of Spain
unable to redrefs and fet up the like forces to difquiet his neighbours
withal; as flie doth mean for her part to do that, which her
means may ftretch unto, and occafions flaall require ; fo finding, by
experience in thefe laft preparations made by the faid King, that
without fuch helps of victuals, munition, and other neceflaries, as he
hath received out of other Princes* dominions, he had never been
able to fet out the late army, and namely, without great relief of
victuals, fpecially corn, out of divers parts of France ; her High-
nefs hath therefore willed uic to dircdl you to move the French
Kin"-, from her, and in her name, to make fuch a general rcftraint,
that no corn be cranfportcd ')ut of any part of his dominions into
Spain. Which as he may take a juft colour to do, for the furnifhing
of his army now ready to march into Poidou*j fo do there not.

• Agaiuft the Ilugonots.

want:

w:m

366

STATE PAPERS.

!«v

E_\^_ZA Yvant fufficient reafons to induce him to do it, as a matter beneficial

BET H.

1588. as well unto himfelf as to others, if he fliall confider (as he hath
been often heretofore put in mind thereof by her Majefty's Mini-
fters, though with little fruit), how thofe of the League, who have
fo long difquietcd his realm, and fo often and infolently done dif-
grace to his own perfon, are maintained and fupported in their
adions by the King of Spain's purfe, and without him were not
able to fubfift. And further, how now of late the Duke of Savoy
hath fcized the Marquifate of Salufles, which it is not to be thought
he would have attempted, without aflurance of the King of Spain's
afTiftance, in maintaining his faid attempt, being no ways of himfelf
able to bear out fuch an adion againft a King of France. But if the
King {hall not be moved by thefe reafons to yield unto the faid re-
ilraint, tending as it doth, as well to his own good as to her Ma-
jefty's, fhe fhall have caufe to think that the King doth not make
that account of her friendfhip that he hath made ihow of, and as
flie doth merit, confidering the honourable and friendly offers fhe
made unto him, at fuch time as he was forced to retire out of Paris.
Which, as (he hath already in part caufe to think very evilly requit-
ed, in refpeA of the late fpeedy delivery of the King of Spain's
ordnance, taken in the GalleafTe at Calais, and the fhip at Newha-
ven } fo, if the King fhall refufe her this requefl, being for the
common good, as well of them both as of all Chriftendom, fhe fliall
have a plain proof that he doth neither refped her amity, nor weigh
his own eftate, tmd the affairs of Chriftendom, as appertaineth. And,
as a further matter of unkindnefs, it is thought meet that the King
fliould be let undertland, upon fome apt occafion to be taken by you,
as of yourfelf, but not by diredion, that her Majefly hath reafon to
take it unkindly, that his AmbafTador here, hath had no diredtion to
congratulate the good fuccefs fhe hath had againft the Spanifh army,
as in the like cafes is accuftomed between Princes being in fuch terms
of amity, as the world taketh them to be.

S ' Her

ELIZA-
BETH.
1588.

S T A T E P A P E R S. 367

Her Majefty's further pleafure is, that you fliould inquire very
carefully, by all fuchgood means and inftruments as you fliall think
meet, to learn how the King of Spain doth take the lofs his army
hath fuftained, as well in the confliiSJ, as otherwife by the hand of
God ; and whether he carry any difpofition to take a revenge there-
of, or by what means. As, on the other fide, her Highnefs's meaning
is, to ufe the benefit of the vidlory, by the employing of Sir John
Norris, and Sir Francis Drake, in fuch fort as this bearer fhall de-
clare unto you.

For the matters of Scotland, Sir Robert Sidney is of late returned,
with a very good anfwer from the King, who giveth great aflurance
to maintain good amity with her Majefty, and to ftand conftantly
in the maintenance of the caufe of the religion. The copies of the
faid King's letters omitted in the laft difpatch, you fliall receive
herewith.

And fo having nothing elfe for this ilu. ;, I bid you heartily fare-
well. From the Court at St. James's, the 19th of Odober 1583.

Your's, &c.

Bra. Walsingham.

S I R,
A FTER the figning of my other letter, I received advertifement oftoberza-

from a friend of mine at St. John de Luce, that there is great
fcarcity of corn in Spain this year; and that their hope is to be re-
lieved out of France, without the which, they are like to endure great
extremity. If the King there fhall not afjent unto a reftraint, it is
meant, that fiich of our fliips as lie upon the coaft of Spain, fliall
impeach all thofc that they fliall find laden with grain, or any other
kind of vidlual, from repairing thither, of what nation foever they

be.

It were good the King were let know fo much by way of difcourfe.
There is fome information already made to thofe of the Eaft Coun-
tries,

ill?

til

I , I.

IS S+J

• ■ "I

!nP

368

STATE PAPERS.

VfVh^' *"'^^' ^^^^ ^" ^*^^ ^"y **^ ^^^"^ ^^'^ ^^ ^'^""'^ "P°" t^^e feas laden
1588. with corn, munition, of other warlike furniture, for Spain, they
iliall be held for good prize.

If it fhall pieafe God to blefs Sir John Norris and Sir Francis
Drake, in their enterprizes, I hope all Chriftendora fhall receive good
by it. And fo, in hafte, Icominit you to God.

;. Your's, Sec.

FrA. WALSINGHAAf.

Is'ov. 10.

Sir Francis Walfwgham to Sir Edimrd Stafford^

S I R, ' ^

'HE return of this bearer giveth me occafion to acquaint
you with fuch things as have pafled of late in our affairs.
The Duke of Parma hath of late retired his fiege from Bergen-op-
zoom, finding the place fo well provided, and thofe within to make
fo good countenance, as he had no hope to win it without exceeding
lofs. Himfelf is retired to Bruffels, and his forces partly into gar-
rifon, and partly, as we hear, are fent into Spain, by direction from
the King, doubting of fome attempt to be made by her Majefty upon
Portugal. .....

To the end you may underftand how things are between Scotland
and us, I have fent you a copy of Mr. Aihby's letter, whereby you
ihall perceive what great proteftation the King makeih of both his
conflancy in religion, and fincerity in the amity of this crown.

I am informed that the French Ambaffador here hath received
order to ftay here, and that his wife returneth to him, and that he
is in hope that Villeroy fhall be reftorcd to the execution of his place,
which giveth us occafion to doubt, the Ambaffador being known to
be fo greatly affcdied to thofe of the League, and the Duke of Guife

3 enjoying

Kf-i

STATE PAPERS.

3^9

enjoying the favour of the court, that the King will refolve to run ^„Vn?H^'
thatcourfe. But of thcfe things we fliall hear more certainty from 1588.
you. And in the mean time I bid you heartily farewel. From the
CourtatGrcenwich, the I oth of November 1588.

■ Your's, &c.

, ., Fra. Walsingham.

h.'

■

Sir Francis Walftngham to Sir Edward Stafford,

■^.'I,

SIR, .

HE Ambaflador of France is greatly offended, that the King's Nov. 28.
requeft for his repair into France is denied. To be plain with
you, confidering in what terms France now ftandeth, and how the
King feemeth to be affeded towards her Majefty, 1 fee no reafon but
that (he might haveaffented thereunto. It is true, that your friends
here, in refpedl of the peril that they doubt might have befallen to
yourfelf, have prevailed fo far (notwithftanding her Majefty did
affent to his departure upon the firft motion), as he is ftaid, until
there {hall come fome anfwer from you, touching the matter you
have in charge to deliver unto the King about the faid Ambaffador.
Her Majefty would have you ufe fome diligence in returning anfwer
to thefe letters, for that the Ambaffador is marvellous importunate,
and impatient, pretending that his utter undoing dependeth upon this
flay. I wifli, confidering how ill affcdled he ftandeth to this State,
that fome better-minded man were fent hither to fupply his place ;
but I doubt greatly of any change, for that fuch as are employed in
like charges, are fo ill paid, as every man is glad to be exempted
from public charges.

Her Majefty is very careful to receive particular information of
the proceeding in Spain, and therefore I pray you be earneft with

3 B your

f '-

\i%

; J;

; rf 5.-.-J
!i «;> -Ji

370 •

ELIZA-
BETH.
1588.
c— _>, »

STATE PAPERS.

your friend, from whom you receive your chief advertifemcnts from
thofe parts, to deal efFedlually with his correfpondent in Spain, to
inform him frequently how things do pafs, as well both in court,
as alfo of the maritime preparations in that realm.

~ There came advertifement from Paris about ten days pad, that
the King of Spain was very lick, and without hope of recovery;
but becaufe it cometh not confirmed from you, we do not believe it
here. It is hard to keep the death, or dangerous ficknefs, of a
Prince, long fecret-, and therefore it cannot be, if it had been true,
but that the French King's Agent would have advertifed thereof; the
death of the faid King importing his Mafter fo much as it doth.
The Duke of Parma, fmce his repulfe received at Bergen, attempt-
eth nothing, nor meaneth to do, before the next Spring, unlefs it be
by way of furprize. And fo do I commit you to God. From my
houfe at the Savoy, the 28th of November, 1588.

Your's, &c.

Fra. Walsingham.

Sir Francis Waljingham to Sir Edward Stafford,

Dec. 10.

S I R,
T^HE principal caufe of the difpatch of this bearer groweth of
the ufe I know you have of his fervice there.
Her Majefty refteth very greatly contented with the King's
friendly anfwer touching the reftraint * ; which if the fame fhall be
duly performed, the King of Spain (hall not be well able either to
annoy us, or defend himfelf ; for that realm hath already more
people than they can well feed ; and therefore, if he (hall draw thi-
ther foreign forces, without the which that kingdom will not be well

• Of Corn.

defended,

STATE PAPERS.

37'

defended, he fliall more annoy his fubjefts there by famine, than the W^rJ"./^'

BET H.

enemy by force. * 1588.

It is greatly marvelled here, that the King doth put up fo quietly
the wrong done unto him by the Duke of Savoy. It is an unequal
match when the Duke proceedeth with the cannon, and the King
only with the ufe of meflengers. If he take not a more refolute and
princely courfe in government (and that fhortly), his kingdom will
be cantoned in his own days.

There was never a more apt occafion offered unto him to have
been revenged of the heads of the League, than in the prefent aiTem-
bly of the States, to have laid before them the miferable and dan-
gerous ftate that France is caft into, through their ambitious pretexts
and defigns, under the vizor of religion: and although perhaps there
be many of the prefent aflembly there, that ftand affected toward
them, yet no doubt of it, the generality, through the natural affec-
tion they bear to the prefervation of their country, would cafily be
drawn to take revenge, if they might find in the King a princely
refolution to go through with the matter.

The prefent difeafes of France will not be cured with that tem-
porizing courfe that he now holdeth. For while he feeketh to reco-
ver a few towns, that are in the hands of thofe of the League, he
will hazard his whole kingdom. But I fear there hangeth a fatal
deflinyover that realm, which will not be avoided.

The conferring the government of upon Nemours doth

breed a jealoufy, that the diflike between the Guifes and his parti-
zans, and the King, is but a matter diffembled ; for who, fay they,
would give any countenance to that houfe, that is already grown to
over great flrength, and that in reafon ought to be difcountenanced,
or rather utterly to be overthrown. And fo I recommend you to
God. From the Court at Greenwich, t oth of December, 1588.

Your's, &c.

Fra. Walsingham.

3B 2

No. XXIL

%f[

S7i

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

1 600- 1.

From a
Copy in the
pofleflion of
the Earl of
Hardwicke.

II' '.

No. XXII.

I ...,/i., .1! 1

;i ' .''

Letter of He?jry Cuffe^ Secretary to Robert Earl of Effex^

to Mr. Secretary Cecily declaring the EffeSi of the In-

Jiru&ions framed by the Earl of EJfex, and delivered to

the Ambajfador of the King of ScotSy touching his title to

the Crown of England^ which letter was written after

Cuffes condemnation, ; ; . .

• • « • 1 • • • 't ' ,. t - . ,

[Had this curious confeflion of CufFe's been known to that accurate
and intelligent compiler Dr. Birch, it would have been inferted
in his Memoirs of Antony Bacon. From that excellent colledion,
we are as well acquainted with the Earl of Eflex, and the Court
of Queen Elizabeth, as if we had lived in it. Happy would it be
for all Courts, if they refleded a little more on the figure they are
to make in hiftory. " Whatever may be faid of me, faid the i ft
Duke of Ormond, I am refolved to lie well in the Chronicle."
Vide Carte, Vol. II.J , ., . . . , .

IT is now high time, that he, whom a public juftice hath con-
demned *, and pronounced the child of wrath, fhould, with the
fooneft, lay afide ail cares of this life, referving himfelf only for that,
which the only author of life hath honoured with this teftimony, that
unuvt ejl necejfari im.

For the better attending whereof, and avoiding all future diftrac-
tions, I have refolved, of your Honour's commandment, to perform
this laft duty, by writing what of late I have often wiflied to have
tendered to your Honour by word of mouth.

• He was condemned the 5 th of March 1 600-1, and hanged at Tyburn on the 13 th of that
month, being then about forty years of age.

STATE PAPERS.

373

At the time of my laft examination in this houfe, it pleafcd your \Hf^r'\r^"
Honour to demand of me the fum of thofe inftrudions, which my 1600-1.
late Lord and Mafter had made ready againft the coming of the Scot-
tifh Ambafladors, whom he daily expeded. Being at that time wholly
poflefled with exceeding grief, I could yield your Honour and the
the reft of their Lordfhips very fmall fatisfadion ; in regard whereof
I have ever fince defired fome private accefs to your honour, but be-
ing utterly out of hope of fo great a favour, and being now called
on by Mr. Lieutenant to perform my promife made unto your Ho-
nour at the time of my condemnation, I have thought it neceflary to
prefent to you the effed of thofe inftrudions, obferving, as far as my
memory will ferve me, the very words and method of the original
itfelf.

• I Injlruflions for the Earl 6f Mar.

•I!

'^^Sk

That the King his Mafter thought it neceflary to befeech her Ma-
jefty to declare the right to the fucceffion of this Crown; not becaufe
he obferved in her Majefty any want of princely favour and afFedion
towards him ; but becaufe he hath found, by infallible proof, that
fome very gracious with her Majefty, being of extraordinary both
power and malice, will not fail one day (if God prevent it not) to
make their advantages of the uncertainty of fucceflion, not only to
the prejudice, biit alfo to the evident hazard and almoft inevitable
ruin of the whole ifland. For proof of their power there needeth
no long difcourfe, all means, in all parties and quarters of the realm
being in a manner wholly in their hands.

In the Weft, Sir Walter Raleigh commanding the uttermoft pro-
vince, where he may aflift the Spaniards in their fuft invafion, if
that courfe be held fitteft ; being alfo Captain of the ifle of Jerfey,
there to harbour them upon any fit occafion.

374

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-

BETH.

1600-1.

In the Eaft} the Cinque Ports* which are the keys of this realm,
are in the hands of Cobham } and likewife Kent, the next and di-
re£teft way to the imperial city of this realm.

The treafure, the finews of the ftate, and the navy, the walls of
the realm, being commanded by the Lord Treafurer * and the Lord
Admiral, both thefe great Officers of State, and the reft abovenamed,
being principally loved by the principal Secretary, Sir Robert Cecil,
who, for the farther ftrengthening of himfelf, hath eftablifhed his own
brother the Lord Burleigh in the government of the north parts ; and
in the Prefidentfliip of Wales, now void, will undoubtedly place
fomebody* who fhall undoubtedly acknowledge it of him ; as like-
wife in Ireland he hath accordingly procured for Sir George Carew
that province, which, above all others, is fitteft for the Spanifli de-
fign, in whofe hands, if the commander himfelf may be believed,
there is a greater army than he needeth. To omit, that the faid Sir
George Carew is fhortly in expedation to fucceed in the government
of that whole kingdom, upon the recalling of the now Lord Montjoy.

That their malice towards the King was no lefs than their power,
it appeareth,

Firft, That fome of them had given dire£t proof of their ill affec-
tion by ill offices : and this point was left to the Ambaffadors, be-
caufe the Earl of Effex was informed, that the King was able to
procure clear evidence thereof.

Secondly, Becaufe all their counfels and endeavours tended to the
advancement of the Infanta of Spain to the fucceffion of this crown ;
which point was confirmed by nine arguments.

1. Their continual and exceffive commending of the Excellencies
of the Infanta, and feeking, by all means, to breed both in her Ma-
jeftyi and in all others, an extraordinary good opinion of her.

2. The earneft feeking to revive the treaty lately broken, not-
withftanding it was interrupted by the Spaniard, not without fome
difadvantage offered to the Crown.

• Lord Buckhurrt. f Munftcr.

3- The

STATE PAPERS.

375

3. The fpecch of the principal Counfellor (and, as I remember, ^J^J,^,J^'

he faid he meant it of your Honour) to an honourable Perfonage,
that he knew there could no found peace be made betwixt us and
Spain ; yet for the better compaffing of fome purpofes, he could be
willing to entertain the treaty again.

4. The flack and eafy hand, that hath been lately carried towards
the priefts of the jefuitical fadtion, of all others the moft pernicious ;
which can have no other interpretation, than that the Popiih fadion
favouring the Infanta, which are as many as the JeLits can prevail
with, might depend on them, as on their chief protestors.

5. The fpeech of the Lord Treafurer, who upon news that the
Archduke was hurt, and, as fome thought, flain, in the laft year's
battle at Newport, anfwered, that if he were flain, he thought her
Majefty had loft one of her beft friends.

7. The alteration of their proceeding with Alabafter and one
Rolfton, who have ever found more favour fince they profefled
themfelves of the Spanifli fadtion.

Two more reafons were there, which I cannot now call to mind.

Whether, among fo many other matters of importance wherewith
he lately acquainted your Honour, and the refl: of their Lordftiips,
any of thefe reafons and inftrudions were by him remembered, I
know not; only, becaufe your Honour and their Lordfliips did, at that
time, earneftly prefs me to deliver fome of them, I have endeavoured
to give your Honour the beft fatisfadion I could, being verily per-
fuaded, that this abftrad, in fenfey very little differs from the firft
draught.

Of my own particular, being no lefs deftitute of hope than com-
fort in this world, I dare fay nothing ; only I befeech your Honour,
let it not be thought prefumption to add thus much in general* that
if the King of Kings thought it fit for his glory, where he found
leaft merit, to extend his greateft grace, your Honour will account it
no fmall refemblaace of that divine pattern, if his Royal Lieutenants
5 and

1 600- 1.

376

STATEPAPERS.

«.»

^bVth^" ^^^ ^^^^^ Minifters upon earth, having laid proftrate humble offenders
1600-1. ^ at the feet of juftice, (hall be content to furrender up the fword of
juftice into the hands of mercy.

Thus, moft humbly befeeching your Honour, to vouchfafe me your
favourable opinion at my lad farewell out of this mifcrable world,
I reft,

- __. — .,-,- ,_ — _ r-_ .. —,

B Two /a

Honour's moft humble . ' ,

■ Don

and moft diftrefted fuppliant,

■ i„ ^i

• Henry Cuffe.

1 '.Philip

H My no

■ 1 Lo

^1 and there

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H defire; am

. - " ' ' ' ■' '■'■■-

H ready to fe

No. XXIII.

.»' .■ li.l ..

STATE PAPERS.

No. XXIII.

377

JAMBS I.
i6oj.

Two Uttirs of Sir Dudley Carleton {afterwrds Vifcount J^?"**
Dorchefier\ concerning Sir W, Raleigh^ s plot ; inclofed **»i^"'
in the following letter from Mr, Dudley Carleton^ to
Philip Lord Wharton,

My noble Lord» ' >. '

TH E two letters inclofed are thofe, of whichi when I told your
Lordfhip, you (hewed yourfelf very defirous to have fight*
and therefore I have fent them to you. That Dudley Girleton,
whofe name you will find fubfcribed to them* was my uncle, who
died Secretary to his late Majefty, who had likewife honoured him
with the title of Vifcount Dorchefter ; and I fuppofe you knew him.
He was, at the time he wrote them, Secretary to my Lord of Nor-
thumberland's father, and both an ear and eye witnefs of moft that
pafled in the arraignment and execution at Winchefter, in anno
1603. I wifh they may ferve your Lordfliip to fuch ufe as you
defire ; and if I could give you any farther light, I (hould be moft
ready to ferve you, as being

■::.-'.u:.;ri;i

London,
Feb. 14th, 1651-

Your Lordfliip's, &c.

: , Dudley Carleton.

Sir

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378

6TATB PAPERS,

JAMES t.
1603.

Sir Dudley Carleton^ to Mr, John Chatnherla'm,

SIR,

Kov. a7th. T W A S takiug care how to fend unto you, and little looked for
fo good a means as your man, who came to me this morning ;
and though he would in all hafte be gone, I h^ve ftayed him this
night, to have time to difcourfe unto you thefe tragical proceed-
ings.

I was not prefent at the firft or feoond arraignment, wherein
Brooke, Maxkharo. Brookeiby, Ck>jpley, and tlie twx> Frlefts were
condemned, for pra^ifing the furprize of the King's peribn, the
taking of the Tower, the depofing of CounfeUors, and proclaiming
liberty of reK^R'. They were all condeimifid i^pon their own con-
feflioas, which were fet dowa under their own haads, as declara-
tions ; and compiled with fuch labour and care, to make the matter
they undertook feem very fleafibLe^ as if they had feared they fhould
not fay enough to hang themfelyes. Picra>was acquitted^ being only
drawn in by the Priefta as an aiMant, without knowing the pur-
pofe ; yet had he gone the fame way as the reft (as it is thought],
iave for a word the Lord Cecil cafl in the way as his caufe was iix
handling, that the King's glory confifted as much in freeing the in-
nocent, as condemning the guilty.

The Commiflioners for this trial were, the Lord Chamberlain,
Lord of Devon, Lord Henry Howard, Lord Cecil, Lord Wotton,
the Vice Chamberlain, the two Chief Juftices, Juftice Gawdy, and
and Warburton. Of the King's Council, none were employed in
that, or the arraignment, but the Attorney *, Heale, and Philips ;
and in effect, none but the Attorney. Sir Walter Raleigh ferved tor
a whole aA, and played all the parts himfelf. His caufe was dif-

* Cokf.

ioined

STATE PAPERS.

379

wined from the Pricfts, as being a pradice only between Itiinfclf and JAMKs I.
the Lord Cobham, to have brought in the Spaniard, to have raifed
rebellion in the realm, by faftening money upon difcontents, to
have fet up the Lady Arabella, and to have tied her to certain con-
ditions ; as to have a perpetual peace with Spain ; not to have be-
Aowed hcrfelf in marriage but at the direction of the Spaniard ; and
to have granted liberty of religion. The evidence againft him, was
only Cobham's confeiTion, which was judged fufficient to condemn
him ; and a letter was produced, written by Cobham the day before,
by which he accufed Raleigh as the fird praflifer of the trcafon be*
twixt them ; which ferved to turn againft him ; though he fliewed, to
countervail this, a letter written by Cobham, and delivered to him
in the Tower, by which he was clearly acquitted. After fentence
given, his requeft was, to have his anfwers related to the King, and
pardon begged ; of which, if there were no hope, then that Cob-
ham might die firft. He anfwered with that temper, wit, learnings
courage and judgment, that fave that it went with the hazard of hit
life, it was the happieft day that ever he fpent. And fo well he
{hifted all advantages that were taken againft him, that were not
fama malum gravius quam res^ and an ill name half hanged, in the
opinion of all men, he had been acquitted. .

The two firft that brought the news to the King, were Roger
Aftiton and a Scotchman ; whereof one affirmed, that never any man
fpoke fo well in times paft, nor would do in the world to come ; and
the other faid, that whereas when he faw him firft, he was fo led
with the common hatred, that he would have gone a liundred miles
to have fcen him hanged, he would, ere he parted, have gone a thou-
fand to have fared his life. In one word, never was man fo hated,
and fo popular, in fo (hort a time. It was thought the Lords fliould
have been arraigned oa Tuefday laft, but they were put off till Fri-
day and Saturday ; and had their trials apart before the Lord Chan-
cellor * (as Lord Steward for both thofe days), eleven Earls, nineteeji

• Pllefmere.

3 C 2 Barons.

380

STATE PAPERS..

JAJJ^ES I. Barons. The Duke*, the Earl of Mart, and many Scottlfli Lords
^ X " ' ftood as fpe£lators ; and of our Ladies, the ^reateft part, as the Lady-
Nottingham, the Lady Suffolk, and the Lady Arabellar, who heard
herfelf much fpoken of thefe days. But, the arraignment before,
flie was more particularly remembered, as by Sir Walter Raleigh,.
for a woman, with whom he had no acquaintance, and one, whom,.
• of all that he ever faw, he ncTcr liked; and by Serjeant Hale, as one
that had no more right to the Crown< than himfelf ; and for any,
claim that he had to it, he utterly difavowed it. Cobham led the
way on Friday, and made fuch a fading day's piece of work of itj
that he difcredited the place to which he was called; never wa&feen
fo poor and abjed a fpirit. He heard his indidment; with much
fear and trembling, and would- fometimes interrupt itj by forfwearing
what he thought to be wrongly inferted ; fo as, by his faftiion, it was
known ere he fpake, what he would confefs or deny. In his firft
anfwer, he faid, he had changed his mind fmce he came to the bar ;
for whereas he came with an intention to have made his confeffion,
without denying any thing, now feeing many things inferted in this
indictment with which he could not be charged, being- not able in
one word to make diftindion of many parts, he mud plead to all
not g7iiUy. For any thing^ that belonged to the Lady Arabella, he de-
nied the whole accufation; only faid, fhe had fought his friendfliip,
and his brother Brooke had fought her*8. For the other purpofes, he
faid, he had hammered in his brains fome fueh imaginations; but
never had purpofe to bring them to effed. Upon Raleigh, he exr
claimed as one who had ftirred him up to difcontent, and thereby
overthrown his fortunes. Againll him he faid, that he had once pro"
pounded to him a means for the Spaniard to invade England, which
was, to bring down an army to the Groyne, under pretence to fend
them into the Low Countries, and land them at Milford Haven:

'1.

* Of Lenox, then the only one of that degNC*

that

^:K*

.>i

tn.

STATE PAPERS.

381

that he had made himfelf a penfioner to Spain for 1 500 crowns by JAMES I.,
the year, to give intelligence ; and, for an earneft of his diligence*
had already related to the Count D'Aremberg, the particularities of
what palled in the States audiences at Greenwich. His brother's
confeflion was read againfl him, wherein he accufed him of a con*
trafl: made with Aremberg for j:oo,ooo crowns to beftow amongil
difcontents, whereof Raleigh was to have had 10,000, Grey as much,
and Brooke 1000 ; the reft, as they fhould find fit men to beftow it
on. He excepted againft his brother as an incompetent accufer, bap-
tising him with the name of a viper ; and laid to his charge (though,
far from the purpofe) the getting of his wife's fifter with child ; ia-
which it is thought he did young Coppinger fome wrong.

A letter was produced which he wrote to Aremberg for fo much
money; and Aremberg's anfwer, confenting for the furnifliing of
that fum. He then flew to his former retreat, that in this likewife
he had no ill meaning, and excufed Aremberg as one that meant only
thereby to further the peace. When particularities were farther
urged, that, in his intended travel, he meant to have gone into the
Low Countries to the Archduke; from thence into Savoy ; fo into
Spain ; then have returned by Jerfey ; and there to have met Raleigh,
and to have brought fome money from the Well Spring, where it was
to be had, he confeifed imaginations, but no purpofes ; and ftill
laid the fault upon his own weaknefles, in that he fufFered himfelf t»'
be milled by Raleigh. Being afked of his two letters to different
purpofes, the one excufing, the other condemning Raleigh j -he faid,
the lafl; was true, but the other was drawn from him by device in the
Tower, by young. Harvey the Lieutenant's fon, whom Raleigh had :
corrupted, and carried intelligence betwixt them (for which he is
there committed, and is likely to be arraigned at the King's Bench). .
Having thus accufed all his friends, and fo little excufed himfelf, the :
Peers were not long in deliberation what to judge ; and after fen-
tence. of condemnation given, he begged a great while fot life and ;

favour^

'ffi

^Pi

r »

""i ,

. f- '^

k 3

; ''1

(t if

3**

STATE PAPERS.

^^^o^ ^' ^^^'^"'*' alleging his confeflion as a meritorious a£t. Grey, quite in
Ci — > — ■' another key, began with great affurances and alacrity ; fpake a long
and eloquent fpeech, firft to the Lords, and then to the Judges, and
laflly to the King's Council ; and told them well of their charges,
and fpake efFediually for himfelf. He held them the whole day,
from eight in the morning till eight at night, in fubtle traverfes
and fcapes ; but the evidence was too perfpicuous, both by Brooke's
and Markham's confefllons, that he was acquainted with the fur-
prize * ; yet the Lords were long ere they could all agree, and loth
to come out with fo hard cenfure againft him. For though he had
fome heavy enemies, as his old autagonid, who was mute before his
face, but fpake within very uunobly againft him; yet moft of them
ftrove with themfelves, and would fain (as it feemed) have difpenfed
with their confciences to have (hewed him favour. At the pro-
nouncing of the opinion of the Lords, and the demand whether he
had any thing to fay why fentence of death Aiould not be given
againft him, thefe only were his words, *' I have nothing to fay ;'*
there he paufed long; " and yet a word of Tacitus comes in my
** mind, Non eadem omnibus decora: the houfe of the Wiltons had
•* fpent many lives in their Prince's fervice, and Grey cannot beg his.
** God fend the King a long and profperous reign, and to your
*• Lordfliips all honour."

After ientence given, he only deflred to have one Travers f, a Di-
vine, fent for to come to him, if he might live two days. If he
were to die before that, then he might have one Field, whom he
thought to be near. There was great compaffion had of this gallant
young Lord ; for fo clear and fiery a fpirit had not been feen by any
that had been prefent at like trials. Yet the Lord Steward condemn-
ed his manner much, terming it Lucifer's pride, and preached
much humiliation ; and the Judges liked him as little, becaufe he

♦ Of the Court.

f APnritan„tbeantagoniftofHooker.

difputed

STATE PAPERS.

383

difputed with them againft their law». We cannot yet judge what JAMES I.

will become of him or the reft ; for all are not like to go one way. '- v * ,

Cc^ham is of the fureft fide) for he i& thought leaft dangerous, and

the Lord Cecil undertakes to be his friend. They fay the priefts

fliall lead the dance to-morrow; and Brooke next after; for he

proves to be the knot that tied together the three confpiracies ; the

reft hang indifferent betwixt mercy and juftice, wherein the King

hath now fubjeft to pradife himfelf. The Lords are moft of them

returned to the court. The Lord Chancellor and Treafurer remain

here till Tuefday, to fhui up the term. My Lord goeth from hence

to Petworth; but I pick quarrel to flay behind, to fee an end of

thefe matters. The Court is like to Chriflmas at Windfor; and

many plays and fhews are befpokeo, to give entertainment to our

AmbafTadors.

The French King doth winter at Fountainbleau, and is fallen in-
to a new delight of the Italian comedians, of which I fend you a
conceit put upon Monfieur Rofny. The Queen is there made Chefdit
Coit/hiii and grows very expert in difpatch of affairs. The Mar-
quis is quite retired from Court. Rofny and SoifTons go up and
down like two buckets ; for they are not fo reconciled, but as one
comes to the court, the other is ever going away. They fay, we
ihall have here from thence, ere long, Mr. Zamet * ; I know not to
what other purpofe, unlcfs it be to teach us to make good fauce, and to
fliow their variety of excellent men in all crafts^ The Marquis d«
Luttin, AmbafTador of the Duke of Savoy, is at BrufTels, and fo far
on his way hitherwardd. The Grand Chaoux is arrived at the
French court, and will likewile come hither to congratulate with
our King from the Turk. The Venetian AmbafTadora had audience
at court on Sunday laft. They were brought from Southampton to
SaKfbury, by Mr. Allen Percy, with two of the King's coaches, and
four pad horfes, and were welcomed with the foulefl day that came

• A French financier, gomefter, and Icit -vivant, Henry IV. often eat with liim.

lafij

s a

this

334

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES r.

1603.

this year ; and at night (as they- came late), found but fcven bedi
■prepared for feven fcore. The day they were had to their audience,
there was an embargo of coaches before the court gate, to bring
them thither; but as foon as they were arrived, every man departed
with his own coaches, for fear of the like arreft ; fo as the greateft
part of them were forced to go home on foot, and fome of the beft
fort to flay till midnight, for the return of their coaches. The
knavi(h Frenchmen laugh at their diforders, and fay they are ferved
like right Pantaloons ; but they deferve to be better ftiled, for they
are come in beft ftiew and fa(hion of any 1 faw yet j and do all things
with as great magnificency. As to their Captain that wafted them
over, they gave forty crowns, befides petty prefents ; whereas the
Spanifli Ambaflador gave Sir Robert Mansfield a leather jerkin, and
the Count D' Aremberg, a Parmefan cheefe.

A fortnight fi nee, there was a petty Ambaflfador at Court, from
the State of Stade, who came when no man looked for him ; and
took the King as he found him, prefently after ferrtlon, and in the
open prefence fet upon him with a long Latin oration. The King
made him no long anfwerj but gave the honour of entertaining
him to Secretary Herbert *. The Agent of Geneva hath obtained a
colledion to be made in uii the churches of England and Scotland,
for the fpace of three months ; his Mafters, in the mean time, have
fairly fcaped another furprize on a Sunday as they were at fervice.
The fiege of Bolduc is raifed, and the two Generals retired to Bruf-
fels and the Hague. I fend you a letter I received from Mr. Win-
wood, of this Summer's fervice in thofe parts ; wherein I think you
will marvel, as well as I, that the States are grown fo curft hearted to
give away Grave, becaufe they cannot take Bolduc. The Spanifh
AmbaiTador hath been with the King to expoftulate fome words he
iheard to be fpoken at thefe arraignments, in prejudice of hi^ Mafter;

Called fecond Secretary, but the buflnefs was engrofTed by Cecil.

and

even bedi
audience,
, to bring
n departed
he greatelj:
of the beft
;he8. The
J are ferved
d, for they

all things
irafted them
(vhereas the

jerkin, and

Court, from
ir him; and
,, and in the

The King
entertaining

obtained a
nd Scotland,

1 time, have
re at fervice.
red to Bruf-

Mr. Win-
I think you
rft hearted to
The Spanifh
ne words he

hi^ Mafterj

and

STATE PAPERS.

and to pleafe him, the Attorney took occafion to make an open apo-
logy, 1 he lafl: week he feafted the French Ambaflador's * wife, wiili
many of our ladies; and had mrfic and dancing; at which the
French Ambaffador and he were at half falling out, who ihould
lead the dance. They all returned very ill fatisficd, for cheer or
entertainment. < n

The French Ambaffador, at his lafl: audience, brought his com-
panion D'Auval, to take his leave; who is gone for good and all.
The King knighted him, and gave him a jewel of 150 crowns.

Our Ambaffador in France f (they fay) is bufy in making a new
French grammar and didtionary. One "Walton, a man of his, that
has remained with him ever fince his going over, is turned Monk,

and hath put birafelf into a cloifl:er at Compiegne

' Fitzherbert, whom he took into my place, is come over hither to
feek a new fortune. Out of Ireland, here are come many captains
and caihiered ofhcers, with their pockets full of brafs, and fue to
have it made good filver ; but the Lord Treafurer's (kill is not that
of alchymy. The coffers are fo empty, that houfehold officers are
unpaid, and the penfioners and guard are ready to mutiny. There
was, a fortnight fmce, near Salifbury, a defperate combat, betwixt
Douglas the Mafter of the King's Horfe, and Lee, brother to the
Avenor ; who began their quarrel at Windfor. Douglas was left
dead in the field, with three hurts, and was buried three days after
in Salifbury church, with a kind of folemnity, at which the Duke,
the Scottifli Lords, and all other Scot and Lot were prefent. Lee
was hurt in four places ; but lives, and is like to efcape. He is not
much followed by the Scots, becaufe they hold there was fair play
between them. The younger Douglas nas his brother's place,
which doth fomewhat help to appeafe the quarrel. Sir Thomas
Germyn hath got the reverfion of Jerfey, after Sir John Painton.

38^

JAMES I.
1603.

ill

,\%%

I r Si,

i'1

\\\

f ' ■I'. It

h ]%

* Mr. de Beaumont, a punftilious charafter.

3 ^

t Sir Thomas Parry.

Sir

386

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. Sir Philip Herbert and Sir James Hayes have got betwixt them a
grant of Tranfport of Cloths, worth 10,000 1. at the leaft. I do call
to mind a pretty fecret, that the Lady of Pembroke hath written to
her fon Philip, and charged him, of all her bleffings, to employ his
own credit, his friend's, and all he can do, for Raleigh's pardon ;
and though fhe does little good, yet fhe is to be commended for do-
ing her beft, in fhewing •oeteris ve/ligia flamni/e. And thus being
come round where I began, it is time to leave you, defiring you to
excufe me to my coufm Sir Rowland Litton, for not writing ; and
fo you well may, for you have enough for yourfelf and all my
kindred and friends, to make you all Weary. My brother Carleton
and brother Williams are both here, and have left all well from
whence they came ; fave only the little gentlewoman in Northamp-
tonlhire ; who is fo woe-begone for lack of good company, that (he
thinks the plague in London would not have hurt her fo much, as
melancholy in the country. I fupped this night with Sir Henry
Faiifliaw, whefe you were kitidly remembered. Sir Walter Cope is
in this town, and Sir Hugh Befton likewife, who often aflcs for you
as your friend, and therefore you are the more to lament that he is
Untimely come to a night-cap. Many marvd at his fudden break-
ing, but moft afcribe it to a thotight he took at a word which Sir
Walter Raleigh fpoke at his e^caAninations ; \^ho afked if Sir Hugh
iBefton was not apprehended and tortured, becaufe he was always of
his chiefeft council. I fliall never end, unlefs I abruptly bid you
farewel.

From Winchefler, the 27th of November, 1603.

Your's, &c.

..,.., Dudley Carleton.

The

■'^'

STATE PAPERS.

TAe Same to the Same,

3^7

JAMES I.
1603.

Ill

SIR,

T K N O W not when or how to fend to you ; yet here happening December

an accident worth your knowledge, I cannot but put it in record,
whilfl: the memory of it is frefh ; and for the reft, ftand to the ven-
ture. But becaufe I have taken a time of good leifure, and it is
likely this letter will take his leifure, ere it come at you ; I may as
well leap in where I left, when I wrote to you by your man, and pro-
ceed in an order by narration j flnce this was a part of the fame play,
and that other a£ls came betwixt, to make up a tragical comedy.

The two Priefts that led the way to the execution, were very
bloodily handled ; for they were both cut down alive ; and Clarke,
to whom more favour was intended, had the worfe luck j for he both
ftrove to help himfelf, and fpake after he was cut down. They died
boldly, both ; and Watfon (as he would have it feem) willing ;
wiftiing he had more lives to fpend, and one to lofe, for every man
he had by his treachery drawn into this treafon. Clarke flood fome-
what upon his juftification, and thought he had hard meafure; but
imputed it to his fundion, and therefore thought his death merito*
rious, as a kind of martyrdom. Their quarters were fet on Win-
chefter gates, and their heads on the firft tower of the caftle.
Brooke was beheaded in the Caftle-yard, on Monday laft ; and to
double his grief, had St. Croftcs in his fight, from the fcafFold,
which drove him firft to difcontent *. I'here was no greater affembly
than I have feen at ordinary executions ; nor no man of quality
more than the Lord of Arundel and young Somerfet; only the
Biftiop of Chichefter, who was fent from the Court two days before,
to prepare him to his end, could not get loofe from him ; but, by

Mifling, I fuppofe, the Mafterfliip.
3 D2

Brooke's

in. '

388

STATE PAPERS.

J AMES I. Brooke's earned entreaty was fain to accompany him to the fcaf-
fold, and ferve for his ghoftly father. He died conftantly (and, to
feeming, religioufly) ; fpake not much ; but what he faid was
well and aflured. He did fomewhat extenuate his offences, both in
the treafons, and the courfe of his life j naming thefe rather errors
than capital crimes ; and his former faults, fms; but not fo heinous
as they were traduced; which he referred to the God of Truth
and time to difcover ; and fo left it, as if fomewhat lay yet hid,
which would one day appear for his j unification. The Bifhop went
from him to the Lord Cobham ; and, at the fame time, the Bifhop of
Winchefler was with Raleigh; both by exprefs order from the
King i as well to prepare them for their ends, as likewife to bring
them to liberal confefTions, and by that means reconcile the contra-
didions of the one's open accufation, and. the other's peremptory
denial. The Bifhop of Chichefler had foon done what he came for,
finding in Cobham a willingaefs to die, and readinefs to die well ;
with purpofe at his death to affirm as much as he had faid againfl
Raleigh ; but the other Bifhop had more to do with his charge ;
for though, for his confcience, he found him well fettled, and re-
folved to die a Chrif^ian, and a good Proteflant, for the point of
confeflion, he found him fo flrait-laced, that he would yield to no
part of Cobham's accufation ; only, the penfion, he faid, was once
mentioned, but never proceeded in. Grey, in the mean time, with
his minifler Field, having had the like fummons for death, fpent his
time in great devotions.; .but with that carelcfs regard of that, with
which he was threatened, that he was obferved neither to eat or
fleep the worfe, or be any ways diflradled from his accuflomed
fafliions. Markham was told he fhould likewife die ; but by fecret
meflage from feme friends at Court, had flill fuch hope given him,
that he would not believe the worfl news till the lafl day; and
though he could be content to talk with the preacher which was
afTigned him, it was rather to pafs time, than for any good purpofe;

for

STATE PAPERS.

389

for he was catholickly difpofed; to think of death no way difpofed. JAMES I.
Whilft thefe men were fo occupied at Winchcfter, there was no fmall
doings about theni at Court, for life or death; fome pufhing at the
wheel one way, fome another. The Lords of the Council joined in
opinion and advice to the King, now in the beginning of his reign,
to Ihew as well examples of mercy as feverity, and to gain the tiile
of Clemens^ as well as Jujlns \ but fome others, led by their private
fpleen and pafFions, drew as hard the other way; and Patrick Gal-
loway, in his fermon on Tuefday, preached fo hotly againft remiff-
nefs and moderation of juftice, in the head of juftice, as if it were
one of the feven deadly fins. The King held himfelf upright be«
twixt two waters ; and firft, let the Lords know, that fince the law
had pafled upon the prifoners, and that they themfelves had been their
judges, it became not them to be petitioners for that, but rather to
prefs for execution of their own ordinances ; and to others, gave as
good reafons, to let them know that he would go no whit the fafter
for their driving ; but would be led as his own judgment and affec-
tions would move him; but feemed rather to lean to this fide than
the other, by the care he took to have the law take his courfe, and
the execution haded- ' •

Warrants were figned, and fent to Sir Benjamin Tichborne, on
Wednefday laftat night, for Markham, Grey, and Cobham, who in
this order were to take their turns, as yefterday, being Friday, about
ten of the clock. A fouler day could hardly have been picked out,
or fitter for fuch a tragedy. Markham being brought to the fcatfold,
was much difmayed, and complained much of his hard hap, to be
deluded with hopes, and brought to that place unprepared. One
might fee in his face the very picture of forrow; but he feemed not
to want refolution; for a napkin being offered by a friend that flood
by, to cover his face, he threw it away, faying, he could look upon
death without blufhing. He took leave of fome friends that flood
near, and betook himfelf to his devotions, after his manner; and

thofe;

! 1 '■ ;

:i-i:

1:1'

■ M

1 :|

390

STATE PAPERS.

•JAMES I. thofc ended, prepared himfelf to the block. The Sheriff, in the
mean time, was fecretly withdrawn, by one John Gib, a Scotch
Groom of the Bedchamber; whereupon the execution was flayed,
and Markham left upon the fcaffold to entertain his own thoughts,
which, no doubt, were as melancholy as his countenance, fad and
heavy. The Sheriff, at his return, told him, that fmce he was fo ill
prepared, he fhould yet have two hours refpite, fo led him from the
fcaffold, without giving him any more comfort, and locked him
into the great hall, to walk with Prince Arthur. The Lord Grey,
whofe turn was next, was led to the fcaffold by a troop of the young
courtiers, and was fupported on both fides by two of his bed
friends ; and coming in this equipage, had fuch gaiety and cheer in
his countenance, that he feemed a dapper young bridegroom. At
his firfl coming on the fcaffold, he feU on his knees, and his preacher
made a long prayer to the prefent parpofe, which he feconded him-
felf with one of his own making, which, for the phrafe, was fome-
what affeded, and fuited to his other fpeeches ; but, for the fafhion,
expreffed the fervency and zeal of a religious fpirit. In his confeflion,
he faid, though God knew this fault of his was far from the
greateft, yet he knevv^, and could but acknowledge his heart to be
faulty; for which h". afked pardon of the King; and thereupon
entered into a long prayer for the King's good eftate, which held us
in the rain more than half an hour ; but being come to a full point,
the Sheriff flayed him, and faid, he had received orders from the
King, to change the order of the execution, and that the Lord Cob-
ham was to go before him ; whereupon he was likewife led to Prince
Arthur's hall, and his going away feemed more flrange unto him,
than his coming thither; for he had no more hope given him, than
of an hour's refpite; neither could any man yet dive into the my f-
lery of this flrange proceeding.

The Lord Cobham, who was now to play his part, and by his
former anions promifed nothing but matiere pour rin, did much

cozen

STATE PAPERS.

39>

cozen the world; for he came to the fcafFolJ with good afTurance, J"^^^^ '•
and contempt of death. He faid fome fhort prayers after his Mini-
fter, and fo outprayed the company that helped to pray with him,
that a ftander-by faid, he had a good mouth in a cry^ but ivns no-
thing Jingle, Some few wprds he ufed, to exprefs his forrow for his
offence to the King, and craved pardon of him and the world ; for
Sir Walter Raleigh, he took it, upon the hope of his foul's refur-
re£tion, that what he had faid of him was true; and with thofe
words would have taken a (hort farewcl of the world, with that con-
ftancy and boldnefs, that we might fee by him, it is an eafier mat-
ter to die well than live well.

He was ftayed by the Sheriff, and told, that there refteth yet
fomewhat elfe to be done ; for that he was to be confronted with fome
other of the prifoners, but named none. So as Grey and Markham
being brought back to the fcaffold, as they then were, but nothing
acquainted with what had paffed, no more than the lookers-on with
what fhould follow, looked ftrange one upon the other, like men
beheaded, and met again in the other world. Now all the aftors
being together on the ftage (as ufe is at the end of a play), the Sheriff
made a fliort fpeech unto them, by way of the interrogatory of the
heinoufnefs of their offences, the juftnefs of their trials, their lawful
condemnation, and due execution there to be performed; to all
which they affented; then, faith the Sheriff, fee the mercy of your
Prince, who, of himfelf, hath fent hither a countermand, and given
you your lives. There was then no need to beg uplaudite of the au-
dience, for it was given with fuch hues and cries, that it went from
the caftle into the town, and there began afrefh, as if there had been
fome fuch like accident. And this experience was made of the differ-
ence of examples of juftice and mercy ; that in this laft, no man
could cry loud enough, God/ave the King; and at the holding up of
Brookes's head, when the executioner began the 'ame cry, he was
not feconded by the voice of any one mani but the Sheriff. You

mull

r^^H

*mki

M I ? I

1. "», -

'•i

:.L

39-

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. ji^uft think, if the fpeQators were fo glad, theadora were not forry;
for even thofe that went beft rcfolvcd to death, were glad of life.
Cobham vowed openly, if ever he proved traitor again, never fo
much as to beg his life ; and Grey, that fince he had his life, with-
out begging, he would defervc it. Markham returned with a merrier
countenance than he came to the fcaffold. Raleigh, you muA think
(who had a window opened that way), had hammers working in his
head, to beat out the meaning of this (Iratagem. His turn was to
come on Monday next; but the King has pardoned him with the reft,
and confined him with the two Lords to the Tower of London, there
to remain during pleafure. Markham, Brookfby and Copley, are to
be baniHied the realm. This refolution was taken by the King with-
out man's help, and no man can rob him of the praife of yefterday's
adtion ; for the Lords knew no other, but that execution was to go
forward, till the very hour it (hould be performed ; and then, call-
ing them before him, he told them, how much he had been trou-
bled to refolve in this bufinefs ; for to executeGrey, who was a noble,
young, fpirited fellow, and fave Cobham, who was as bafe and un-
worthy, were a manner of injuftice. To fave Grey, who was of a
proud infolent nature, and execute Cobham, who had fhewed great
tokens of humility and repentance, were as great a folecifm; and fo
went on with Plutarch's comparifons in the reft, till travelling in
contrarieties, but holding the conclufion in fo indifi^erent balance,
that the Lords knew not what to look for till the end came out, and
therefore I have faved them all. The miracle was as great there, as
with us at Winchefter, and it took like efFed ; for the applaufe that
began about the King, went from thence into the prefence, and fo
round about the Court.

I fend you a copy of the King's letter, which was privately writ-
ten the Wedncfday night, and the meffenger difpatched the Thurfday
about noon. But one thing had like to have marred the play ; for
the letter was clofed, and delivered him unfigned; which the King

remembered

STATE PAPERS.

393

remembered hlmfelf) and c led for him back again. And at Win- JAMES i.

. i6oj.

chcder, there was another crofs adventure ; for John Gib could not — ■ y .^
get fo near the fcaflFul.l, that he could I'peak to the Sheriff, but was
thrud out amongft the boys, an i wa, fain o call out to Sir James
HayeSf or clfe Manhini m^ t have loft his neck. There were
other by-pafTages, if I could readily call them to mind; but here is
enough already for un petit mot de le'ttre, and therefore I bid you
heartily farewel. From Salift)ury this nth of December 1603*.

• I ;

;'i r'-t 1..

Your's, &C. ; 1 ■

Dudley Carleton.

1 it\

• There are in the SaIiA>ury CoUeAion, throw light on their refpeftive cafes, if they
feveral letters from thefe prifoners during were publiHied*
their confinement, which probably would

394

STATE PAPERS.

J A M E S I.
1614.

it^'

From the
Paper Office.

1614.
March 15th.

No. XXIV. '

Mr, Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carhton at Turin,

My very good Lord, ' ' : >

T A M newly returned from Cambridge, whither I went fome two
^ days after I wrote you my laft. The King made his entry there
the 7th of this prefent, with as much folemnity and concourfe of
gallants and great men, as the hard weather and extreme foul ways
would permit. The Prince came along with him, but not the Queen,
by reafon (as it is faid) that flie was not invited j which error is
rather imputed to their Chancellor, than to the fcholars, that under-
ftand not thefe courfes. Another defeat was, that there were na
Ambafladors, which no doubt was upon the fame reafon \ but the
abfence of women may be the belter excufed for default of language,
there being few or none prefent, but of the Howards, or that alli-
ance ; as the Countcfs of Arundel, with her fifter, the Lady Eliza-
beth Grey j the Countefs of Suffolk, with her daughters of Salif-
bury and Somerfet ; the Lady Walden and Henry Howard's iwife;
which were all that I remember. The Lord Treafurer kept there a
very great port and magnificent table, with the expence of a thoufand
pounds a day, as is faid ; but that feems too large an allowance ; but
fure his provifions were very great, befides plenty of prefents ; and
may be in fome fort eftimated by his proportion of wine, whereof
he fpent twenty-fix tun in five days. He lodged and kept his table
at St. John's college ; but his Lady and her retinue at Magdalen
College, whereof his grandfather Audley was founder. The King
and Prince lay at Trinity College, where the plays were reprefented ;
and the hall fo well ordered for room, that above 2000 perfons were
conveniently placed. The firft night's entertainment was a comedy,
and adted by St. John's men, the chief part confiding of a counter-
feit Sir Edward Ratcliffe, a foolifli tutor of phyfic j which proved
* but

STATE PAPERS.

Z9S

i *i

but a lean argument; and though it were larded with pretty flicws ^^j'*'^!,^^ ''
at the beginning and end, and with fonjewhat too broad fpeech
for fuch a prefence, yet it was ftill dry. The fccond night was a
comedy of Clare Hall, with the help of two or three good aftors
from other houfes, wherein David Drummond in a hobby horfe,
and Brakin the recorder of the town, under the name of Ignoramus,
a common lawyer, bare great parts. The thing was full of mirth
and variety, with many excellent adors (among whom the Lord
Compton's fon, though leaft, was not worft), but more than half
marred with extreme length. The third night was an Englilh
comedy, called Albumazar, of Trinity College's adlion and inven-
tion ; but there was no great matter in it, more than one good
Clown's part. The laft night was a Latin Paftoral of the fame houfe,
excellently written, and as well adted, which gave great content-
ment, as well to the King, as to the reft. Now this being the flate
of their plays, their ads and difputations fell out much after the
fame manner ; for the divinity aft was performed reafonably well,
but not anfwerable to the expeftation ; the law and phyfic ads ftark
naught ; but the philofophy ad made amends, and indeed was very
excellent ; infomuch that the fame day, the Bifhop of Ely fent the
moderator, the anfwerer, the varier or prevaricator, and one of the
repliers, that were all of his houfe, twenty angels a piece. Now,
for orations and confcios ad ckruniy I heard not many; but thofe I
did, were extraordinary ; and the better, for that they were Ihort.
The univerfity orator, Netherfole, though he be a proper man, and
think well of himfelf, yet he is taxed for calling the Prince jfa-
cob'ifflme Carole \ and fome will needs add, that he called him Jaco-
bule too ; which neither pleafed the King nor any body elfe. But
fure the King was exceedingly pleafed many times, both at the plays
and difputations ; for I had the hap to be, for moft part, within hear-
ing ; and often at his meals he would exprefs as much. He vifited
all the colleges fave two or three, and commends them beyond

3 E 2 Oxford,

'! LI

i i

m
i

39^

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. Oxford, yet I am not fo partial, but therein I muft crave pardon not
*■ X ' to be of his opinion. Though I endured a great deal of penance by
the way for this little pleafure, yet I would not have miifed it, for
that I fee thereby the partiality of both fules ; the Cambridge men
pleafing and applauding themfelves iu all, and the Oxford men jts
faft condemning and detracting all that was done; wherein yet I
commended Corbet's modefty whilft he was there ; who being ferr-
oufly dealt withal by fome friends to fay what he thought, anfwered,
that he had left his malice and judgment at home, and came thither
only to com mend. ' *' • ' .< -.

Paul Tomfon the gold-clipper hath his pardon, and not only fo,
but is abfolved a pccna et culpa, whereby he keeps his livings, and
never came to trial ; and I heard he had the face to appear in the
town, whilft the King was there. • '•' ' * '

Sir Arthur Ingram is, in a fort, defurrann^, for Sir Marmaduke
Dorrell is appointed to keep the table, and difpatch the bufinefs of
the cofferer, and he only to retain the name till Michaelmas, that
the accompts may be made up, and in the mean time order taken,
that he may be reimburfed of fuch monies as he hath lawfully laid
out, or can challenge in this caufe.

Old Sir John Cutts is lately dead, and here is fuch a fpeech of the
Lord Rofle, but there is no great credit given to it, becaufe it comes
only out of the Low Countries. Your nephew Carleion is arrefted
with the fmall-pox, which hindered his journey to Cambridge.

I had almoft forgotten, that almoft all the Courtiers went forth
Matters of Arts, at the King's being there; but few. or no Dodors,
fave only Younge, which was done by a mandate, being fon to Sir
Peter, the King's fchool-mafter. The Vice Chancellor and univer-
fity were exceeding ftrift in that point, and refufed many importu-
nities of great men, among whom was Mr. Secretary, that made
great means for Mr. Vv'"eftfield ; but it would not be j neither the
King's intreaty for John Dun would prevail j yet they are threatened

with

n}^

STATE PAPERS.

397

with a mandate, which, if it come, it is like they will obey; but JAMES I.

1614.
they are refolv .1 to give him fuch a blow withal, that he were better

be without it. Indeed the Ei(hop of Chichefter, Vice Chancellor!

hath been very ftifF, and carried himfelf very peremptory that way,

wherein he is not much to be blamed, being a matter of more con-

fequence than at firft was imagined. He did his part every way, as

well in moderating the Divinity Ad:, as in taking great pains in all

other things, and keeping exceeding great cheer.

I have here fent you the quedions in brief, for otherwife they

would_bear too great a bulk. And fo I commend you to the pro-

tedion of the Almighty. From London the 16th of March i6i4»

Your Lordfhip's to command,

John Chamberlajn*

11,

a :■.

39^

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.

16(7.

No. XXV.

From a copy
taken by Mr.
Sav/jer, edi-
tor of Win-
wood's Me-
moirs.

The Ear/ of Buckingham to Mr, Secretary Winwood,

[Sir Walter Raleigh accufed King James of having difclofed the whole
defign of his voyage to Gundomar. How far the following let-
ter confirms this charge, is left to the reader's judgment. Win-
wood, who was a great enemy to the Spaniflx intereft, muft
have executed this commiffion with reluctance.]

SIR,

I HAVE acquainted his Majefty with your letter, and that which
came inclofed from Sir Henry Wotton, of whofe opinion his
Majefty is, touching the advertifement given therein, that this
difcovery is like to unite the Duke and the Venetian clofer together,
and bring on better conditions for a peace with Spain. His Ma-
jefty perceiveth by a letter he hath received from the Spanifti Am-
baflador, that you have not been yet with him to acquaint him
with the order taken by his Majefty about Sir Walter Raleigh's
voyage ; and therefore would have you go to him as foon as you can
poflible, to relate unto him particularly his Majefty 's care of that
bufinefs, and the courfe he hath taken therein. And fo I reft

Your very loving friend,

Lincoln,
March 28th, 1617.

Buckingham.

I -} ', i

STATE PAPERS.

No. XXVI.

Papers relative to the Spanijh Match.

[The Pro and the Con about the Sp^nifh Match, has been fuffici-
ciently difcufled by the Hiftorians. The letters that now follow,
will throw additional lights on that impolitic tranfadion, and on
the charadlers of a doating Monarch, an unexperienced heir appa-
rent, and a favourite, intoxicated not only by his power, but by
the familiarity in which he lived with his Royal Mafters. It is
fufficient to add, that the Spanilh Court at laft were fincere and
earned for the Match ; that it was broke off, in no very handfome
manner, by the Englifh Miniftry ; and that it was abfurd in King
James and his Council ever to expedl, that the Spanifh Cabinet
fhould engage in a war againft the other branch of their family,
for the reftitution of the Palatinate. The expedient propofed by
that Court, of educating a young Proteftant Prince in fo Catholic
a Court, as that of Vienna, though recommended by the Earl of
Briftol, was certainly impradlicable. That Nobleman, though a
man of honour and ability, was difappointed in his hopes of mak-
ing his fortune at home by the marriage, and points very darkly
at fome fecrets relative to it, in a defence prefented to King Jaijies
after his return; the copy of which hereafter follows].

399

JAMES I.
1622.

From the
Harleian
MSS. in
the Britifh
Mufeum.

''Ill

:kingham.

King James to the Prince, and Duke of Buckingham,

MY fweet Boys, and dear ventrous Knights, worthy to be put Feb. i6tii.
in a new Romanfo.
I thank you for your comfortable letters, but alas, think it not
poffible, that ye can be many hours undifcovered, for your parting

wa»

'• '' ''In

40-)

STATE PAPERS.

if.

JAMES I. ^as fo blown abroad that day ye came to Dover, as the French Am-
haflador fent a man prefently thither, who found the ports ftopped ;
but yet I durft not truft to the bare (topping of the ports, there being
fo many blind creeks to pafs at, and therefore I fent Doncafter to the
French King, with a fhort letter of my own hand, to (how him that
rei'pe^t, that I may acquaint him with my fon's paffing unknown
through his country; and this I have I done, for fear that, upon the
firfl rumour of your paiTing, he (hould take a pretext to flop you :
and therefore Baby Charles, ye fliall do well, how foon ye come to
in Spain, to write a courteous excufe of your hafty palTage
to the French King, and fend a gentleman with it, if by any means
ye may fpare any. Vacandaric is come from Spain, but brings no
news, fave that Sim Digby is fliortly to be here, with a lift of their
names, that are to accompany your Miftrefs hither ; only Briftol
writes an earneft letter, to have more money allowed him for his
charges at that folemnity, otherwife he fays, he cannot haften the
confuramation of the marriage ; but that ye two can beft fatisfy him
in, when ye are there. Your hou(hold, Baby, have taken care to fave
a good deal of your ordinary charges in your abfence. Kirke and
Gabriel will carry Georges and Garters to you both with fpeed, but
1 dare fend no jewels of any value to either of you by land, for fear
of robbers, but I will haften all your company and provifion to you
by fe.i : Noblemen ye will have enow, and too many ; Carlifle and
Mciitjoy, already gone ; Andover goes prefently j and Rocheford by
land ; Compton goes by fea, and I think Piercy, Arran, and Den-
bigh, go by land. I have fettled Sir Francis Crane for my Steenie's
bufmefs, and I am this day to fpeak with Fotherby, and by my
next, Steenie (hall have an account both of his bufinefs, and of
Kitt's* preferment, and fupply in means ; but Sir Francis Crane de-
fires to know if my Baby will have him to haften the making- of
that fuit of tapeftry that he commanded him.

* Duke of Buckingham's brother.

I have

STATE PAPERS.

401

I have written three confolatary letters already to Katef* and re- J"^^]^.^ ^

ccived one fine letter from Kate ; 1 have alfo written one to Sue |, but ' <—- '

your poor old Dad is lamer than ever he was, both of his right
knee and foot, and writes all this out of his naked bed ; God Al-
mighty blcfs you both my fweet boys, and fend you a fafe, happy
return. But I muft command my Baby to haften Steenie home, how
foon ye can be affiired of the time of your home-coming with your
miftrefs, for, without his prefence, things cannot be prepared here ;

and fo God blefs you again and again.

James R.

7^j Prince and Duke to King yames»

Dear Dad and Gofllp,
/^N Friday laft we arrived here at 5 o'clock at night both in per- March lotk*

fedt health; the caufe which we advertife you of it no fooner
was, that we knew you would be glad to hear as well of the manner
of our reception, as of our arrival. Firft, we refolved to difcover
the woer, becaufe, upon the fpcedy opening of tiie ports, we found
pofts rnaking fuch hafte after us, that we knew it would be difco-
vcred within twelve hours after, and better we had the thanks of it,
than a poftilion. The next morning we fent for Gondemar, who
went prefcntly to the Condc of Olivares, and as fpeedily got me
your Dog Steenie, a private audience of the King ; when I was to
return back to my lodging, the Conde of Olivares himfelf alone
would accompany me back again to falute the Prince in the King's
name. The next day we had a pri.ate vifit of the King, the Q^ieen,
the Infanta, Don Carlos, and the Cardinal, in the fight of all the
world, and I may call it a private obligation hidden from no body ;
for there was the Pope's Nuncio, the Emperor's Ambaffador, the
French, and all the ftreets filled with guards and other people : be-
•f- Wife to the Duke of Buckinglir.m. X Sifcer to tlie Duke of Bucki.igliani.

.»■».,

i.jg

ill

31'

fore

^02

STATE PAPERS.

J'^^'^^ '• fore the King's coach went the beft of the Nobility, after followed
all the Ladies of the Court : we fat in an invifible coach, becaufe
nobody was fuffcred to take notice of it, though feen by all the
world : in this form they pafled three times by us, but before we
could get away, the Conde of Olivarcs came into our coach and con«
veyed us home, where he told us the King longed and died for want
of a nearer fight of our woer. Firft, he took me in his coach to go
to the King; wc found him walking in the ftreets, with his cloak
thrown over his face, and a fword and buckler by his fide; he leaped
into the coach, and away he came to find the woer in another place
appointed, where there pafled much kindnefs and compliment one to
another. You may judge by this, how fenfible this King is of your
fon's journey, and if we can either judge by outward fhovs, or gene-
ral fpeeches, we have reafon to condemn your Ambaflfadors for rather
writing too fparingly than too much. To conclude, we find the
Conde' Olivares fo overvaluing of our journey, that he is fo full of
real courtefy, that we can do no lefs than befeech your Majefty to
write the kindeft letter of thanks and acknowledgment you can unto
him : he faid no later to us than this morning, that if the Pope
would not give a difpenfation for a wife, they would give the Infanta
to thy fon's Baby, as his wench, and hath this day written to the
Cardinal Lodovicio, the Pope's nephew, that the King of Eng-
land hath put fuch an obligation upon this King, in fending
his fon hither, tl ^t he intreats him to make hafte of the difpen-
fation, for he can deny nothing that is in his kingdom. We mufl:
hold you thus much longer to tell you, the Pope's Nuncio works
as malicioufly, and as a<Stively as he can againfl: us, but receives
fuch rude anfwers, that we hope he will be foon weary on't: we
make this colledlion of that the Pope will be very loth to grant a
difpenfation, which, if he will not do, then we would gladly have
your diredions how far we may engage you in * the acknow-

• When Steenie writ this he was not in his right mind, as it would have been a breach of
all the laws againft the Pope's power,

leclgment

kj)

STATE PAPERS.

40J

ledgment of the Pope*8 fpccial power, for we almoft find, if you will JAMES r.

be contented to acknowledge the Pope, chief head under Chrid, that < > /

the match will be made without him. So craving your blefling, we

reft

Your Majefty's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.

Your humble. flave and dog,

Madrid the I oth of StEENIE.

March 1623.

For the beft of fathers and matters.

! niVi

T/je Prince and Duke to King James,

Dear Dad and GofTip,
\^ £ are now got into Spain, free from harm of falls, in as per-
fect health as when we parted, and undifcovered by any Mon-
fieur. We met Greflie a poft beyond Bayonne, we faucily opened
your letters, and found nothing either in that or any other, which
we could underftand without a cypher, that hath made us repent
our journey ; but by the contrary, we find nothing but particulars
haftened, and your bufinefs fo flowly advanced, that we think our-
felves happy that we have begun it fo foon ; for yet the temporal ar-
ticles are not concluded, nor will not be, till the difpenfation comes,
which may be God knows when, and when that time fhall come,
they beg twenty days to conceal it, upon pretext of making prepa-
rations : this bearer's errand was anfwered by our journey thither,
yet we have thought it fit he (hould go forward to bring you certain
news of your boys, that craves your bleffing, and refts

Your Majefty's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.
And your humble flave and dog,

1 Steenie.

For the King.

3 F 2 King

U;l

i;vP

■m

^04

J .\ M E s r.

lCZ2-J.

STATE PAPERS.

Kl>!g j'ames to the Prince and Duke.

My fvveet Boys, ' '*'

March ij. f~\ O D blcfs you for the welcome cordial that Grifley brought me
from you yeftertlay. The Spanifh Ambaflador, and Boifchotte,
from the Archdutchefs, are now agreed with me, for the dcpofiling of
Frankendale in the. King of Spain and the Archdutchefs's hands,
without any mention of my treating with the Emperor, for that
cannot now be done with my honour, he having thrice broken all his
promifes unto me : all the other conditions are very reafonable, but
I hear a whifpering Aill, that the King of Spain would have a match
between my grand-child and the Emperor's daughter; but if either
that way, or any other, this bufinefs be brought to a good end, it
muft now be done by the King of Spain's meiiation betwixt the
Emperor and me, whom he hath fo far wronged and negleded,
whereas before I did mediate the Emperor and my fon-in-lavv.
As to my Baby's own bufinefs, 1 find by Briftol's cyphered letter,
two points like to be ftucken at, that ye muft labour to help by all
the means ye can. The one is a long delay of finifliing the marriage ;
for that point, I doubt not but you will fpur it on faft enough, for
though there is no other inconvenient in it, but the danger of your
life, by the coming on of the heats, I think they have reafon there, if
they love themfelves, to wifh you and yours rather to fucceed unto me,
than my daughter and her children; but for this point, I know my
fweet Goflip Stecnie will fpur and gall them as faft as he did the poll
horfes in France. The other point is, that they would, if not lefl'en,
at leaft protradt the terms for payment of the dowry ; this were a
bafe thing, and a breach of their promife made many years ago,
which the Conde' of Gondcmar, I am fure, will bear witnefs unto
me, and if your travel thither have not earned it, as they fay, God

fend

STATE PAPERS.

ftnd that ever it do me or you good. I hear they there would be at J
a general peace, and comprehend aifo the Low Countries; for my
part, fo that the bufmefs of the Palatinate were at a good end, I wi(h
it were fo; but if the bufmefs of your match be once fully concluded,
I would be glad, fwect GofTip, that ye feci their pulfcs ancnt
the thing ye know concerning Holland*, wliich will be fitted for
you to found, being my Admiral; but I am alhamed to tell you, by
the way, how many prizes belonging to you, your knavifli and un-
thankful fea captains have meddled with, and fliarcd amongft them-
felves, which are not fo few as three or four, as John Coote informs
me, but within few days ye fliall, with God's grace, have a good
account of that bufmefs. In the mean time, 1 have fully fatisfied
the French Ambaflador of my Baby's care to difcharge honeftly his
promife unto him. I fend this poll iiv hafte, for preparing and fa-
cilitating the paffage from thecoaft of Spain to the court thereof, for
my Baby's fervants and baggage, my fliip being now ready to make
fail, and yet will I write with her again within two or three days,
with grace of God, this being the fixth letter I have written to you
two, five to Kate, two to Sue, and one to my mother Steenie, and all
with my own hand. And thus God blefs you both, my fwect boys,
and grant you, after a fucccfsful journey, a happy and joyful return
to your dear Dad.

405

AMES r.
1622-3.

Newmavket, the
15 th of March.

James R.

»f

' 'if' I

• This muft have been fome hoilile ad.againft the Dutch.

■; ii

40^

STATE PAPERS.

J A M E S f

I()i2-J.

King James to the Prince and Duhe.

My fweet Boy8, '
March 17. T WRITE this now, my fevcnth letter, unto you, upon the 17th
of March, fent in my fhip called the Adventure, to my two
boys adventurers, whom God ever blefs. And now to begin with
him, a Jove prtncipiumy I have fent you my Baby, two of your cha-
plains fitted for this purpofe, Mawe and Wrenn, together, with all
ftuflF and ornaments fit for the fervice of God. I have fully inftrudled
them, fo as all their behaviour and fervice fhall, I hope, prove de-
• cent, and agreeable to the purity of the primitive church, and yet
as near the Roman form as can lawfully be done, for it hath ever
been my way to go with the church of Rome tifque ad urns. All
the particularities hereof I remit to the relation of your before
named chaplains. I fend you alfo your robes of the order, which ye
muft not forget to wear upon St. George's day, and dine together in
them, if they can come in time, which I pray God they may, for it
will be a goodly fight for the Spaniards to fee my two boys dine in
them : I fend you alfo the jewels as I promifed, fome of mine and
fuch of yours, I mean both of you, as are worthy the fending. For
my baby's prefenting his miftrefs, I fend him an old double crofs of
Lorrain, not fo rich as ancient, and yet not contemptible for the
value ; a good looking-glafs, with my picture in it, to be hung at
her girdle, which ye muft tell her ye have caufed it fo to be en.
chanted by art magic, as whenfoever fhe fliall be pleafed to look in
it, fhe fhall fee the fairefl Lady that either her brother or your fa-
ther's dominions can afford; ye fhall prefent her with two fair long
diamonds, fet like an anchor, and a fair pendant diamond hanging
at them ; ye fhall give her a goodly rope of pearls; ye fhall give her
a carquant or collar, thirteen great balls rubies, and thirteen knots

STATE PAPERS.

or conqucs of pearls, and yc l?kall give her a head-drefling of two JAMES i.
and twenty great pear pearls ; and ye fliall give her three goodly
peak pendants diamonds, whereof the biggeft to be worn at a needle
on the midft of her forehead, and one in every ear; and for my
Baby's own wearing, ye have two good jewels of your own, your
round broach of diamonds, and your triangle diamond with the
great round pearl } and I fend you for your wearing, the three
brethren, that ye know full well, but newly fct, and the mirrour of
France, the fellow of the Portugal diamond, which I would wi(h
you to wear alone in your hat, with a little black feather; ye have-
alfo good diamond buttons of your own, to be fct to a doublet, or
jerkin. As for your /, it may ferve for a prefent to a Don. As for
thee, my fweet (iofllp, I fend thee a fair table diamond, which I
would once have given thee before, if thou would have taken it,
for wearing in thy hat, or where thou pleafes ; and if my Baby will
fpare thee the two long diamonds in form of an anchor, with the
pendant diamond, it were fit for an Admiral to wear, and he hath
enough better jewels for his miftrefs, though he's of thine own thy
good old jewel, thy three pindars diamonds, the pi£lure-cafe I gave
Kate, and the great diamond chain I gave her, who would have
fent thee the leaft pin (he had, if I had not ftaid her. If my Baby
will not fpare the anchor from his miftrefs, he may well lend thee
his round broach to wear, and yet he fhall have jewels to wear in
his hat, for three great days. And now for the form of my Baby's
prefenting of his jewels to his miftrefs, I leave that to himfelf, with
Steenie's advice, and my Lord of Briftol's ; only I would not have
them prefented all at once, but at the more fundry times the better,
and I would have the rareft and richeft kept hindmoft. I have alfo
fent four other croflcs, of meaner value, with a great pointed dia-
mond in a ring, which will fave charges in prefents to Dons, accord-
ing to their quality ; but I will fend with the fleet, divers other

9 ' jewels

t' J

iPl

I il

m >■ .ill)

■ f^'l

4o8

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. jewels for prefents, for faving of charges, v;hereof we have too much
need ; for till my Baby's coming away, there will be no need of
giving of prefents to any but to her. Thus you fee, how, as long as
I want the fweet comfort of my boys ronverfation, I am forced,
yea, and delight to converfe with them by long letters. God biefs
you both, my fweet boys, and fend you, after a fuccefsful journey,
a joyful and happy return in the arms of yoitr dear Dad.

James R.

* From Newmarket, on St. Patrick's day, who, of old, was too
tveli patronized in the country you are in.

*The Prince and Duke to King James »

Dear Dad and Goflrp, ' - ' ' ■ • '.;

1623. nPHAT your Majefty may be the more particularly informed of
'' all, we will obferve our former order, to begin ftill where we

left, which was, we think, at the King's private vifit in the night.
The next day, your Baby defired to kifs his hands privately in the
palace, which was granted, and thus performed. Firft, the King
would not fuiter him to come to his chamber, but met him at the
flair foot, then entered into the coach, and walked into his park.
The greateft matter that paft between them, at that time, was com-
pliments, and particular queftions of our journey, then, by force, he
would needs convey him half-way home, in which doing, they were
hoth almoft overthrown in brick pits. Two days after, we met with
liis Majefty again in his park, with his two hrothers; they fpent

• There cannot be a ftronger proof of the trifling, gofliping turn of King James, than thii
letter ; and one is not furprifcd, that, when his fon and his favourite returned home, they
<lid wiiat they f '.cafcd.

their

STATE PAPERS.

409

iheir time In feeing his men kill partridges flying, and conies run- JAMES I.
ning, with a gun. Yefterday, being Sunday, your Baby went to a
monaftery called St. Jeronimo's, to dinner, which ftands a little out
of the town. After dinner came all the Counfellors in order, to
welcome your Baby ; then came the King hiuifelf, with all his no-
bility, and made their entry, with as great triumph as could be,
where he forced your Baby to ride on his right hand, which he
obferves always ; this entry was made, jufl: as when the Kings of
Caftile come firft to the crown : all prifoners fet at liberty, and no
oflice nor matters of grace falls, but is put into your Baby's hands,
to difpofc. We trouble your Majefty more particularly with thcfe
things of ceremony, that you may be better able to guide yourfelf
towards this nobleman, who is fent of purpofe to advertife you of
your fon's fafe arrival here, for fooner than he was received in the
palace, they toOk no notice of his coming. We had almoft forgotten
to tell you, that the firft thing they did at their arrival into the pa-
lace, was the vifiting of the Qiieen, where grew a quarrel between
your Baby and Lady, for want of a falutation ; but your dog's opi-
nion is, that this is an artificial forced quarrel, to beget hereafter the
greater kindnefs. '..'.'

For our many and chief bufinefs, we find them by outward {liows,
as defirous of it as ourfelves, yet are they hankering upon a con-
verfion; for they fay, that there can be no firm friendftiip without
union in religion, but put no queftion in beftowing their fifter, and
we put the other quite out of queftion, becaufe neither our confcience
nor the time ferves for it, and becaufe we will not implicitly rely
upon them. For fear of delays (which we account the worft denial),
we intend to fend, with all fpecd, Mihill Andros, to come to bring
us certain word from Gage, how he finds our bufinefs profper there,
according to which we will guide ourfelves. Yet ever refolving to
guide ourfelves by your diredions, fo craving your blcfllng we end.

Your Majefty's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.
3 G I bc-

;,^^a

4IO

STATE PAPERS.

J AMES L * Jhefeech your Majefty advife as little with your Council in thefe
buftnejfes as you can. I hope in writing jointly as we do, we pleafe
you beft, for I aflure your Majefty, it is not for faving pains. This
King did intreat me to fend your Majefty a great recautho, in his
name (which is a compliment), for which, in my poor opinion, it
will not be amifs for your Majefty to write him a letter of thanks»^
for all the favours he has done me fmce I came hither, with that q£
the Conde of Olivares.

Charles.

' Madrid,

<he 17th of March 1623.

Your Majefty *s humble flave and dog,

Steenie*.

Duke of Buckingham to King y antes.

Dear Dad and Goffllp, .^

nPHE chiefeft advertifement of all we omitted in our other letter,
which was to let you know how we like your daughter, his
wife, and my lady miftrefs : without flattery, I think there is not a
fweeter creature in the world. Baby Charles himfelf is fo touched
at the heart, that he confelTcs all he ever yet faw, is nothing to her,
and fwears, that if he want her, there fhall be blows. I fliall lofe no
time in haftening their conjundion, in which I fliall pleafe him, her,
you, and myfelf r^oft of all, in thereby getting liberty to make the
fpeedicr hafte to lay myfelf at your feet; for never none longed more
to be in the arms of his Miftrefs. So craving your bleffing I end»
Your humble flave and dog,

Steenis.

This is in the Prince's own hand, and fo is the date.

I have

STATE PAPERS.

411

I have inclofed t\fro or three letters of the Gonde of Olivares, to JAME s I.

lOZJ.

Gondemar, whereby you will judge of hia kind carefulnefs of your v— »,— ,/
Ton.

For the bed of Mafters.

King James to the Prince and Duke,

My fweet Boys,
O D blefs you both, and reward you for the comfortable news ^^^ ^.^
I received from- you yefterday (which was my coronation
day), in place of a tilting ; and God blefs thee, my fweet Goflip, for
thy little letter all full of comfort. I have written a letter to the
Conde d'Olivares, as both of you defired me, as full of thanks and
kindnefs as can be devifed, and indeed he well deferves ; but in the
end of your letter, ye put in a cooling card, aneat the Nuncio's
averfenefs to this bufinefs, and that thereby ye colled, that the Pope
will likewife be averfe ; but iirft ye mufl: remember, that in Spain
they never put doubt of the granting of the difpenfation ; that them-
felvesdid fet down the fpiritual conditions, which I fully agreed un-
to, and by them were they fent to Rome, and the Confulto there con-
cluded, that the Pope might, nay ought, for the weal of Chriften-
dom, grant a difpenfation upon thefe conditions ; thefe things may
juftly be laid before them ; but I know not what ye mean by my
acknowledging the Pope's fpiritual fupremacy. I am fure ye would
not have me renounce my religion for all the world ; but all that I
can guefs at your meaning is, that it may be ye have an allufion to
a paflage in my book againft Bellarmine, where I offer, if the Pope
would quit his godhead, and ufurping over Kings, to acknowledge
him for the Chief Bifliop, to which all appeals of churchmen ought

3 G 2 to

■ ii-'

fit

hi^

^-t

I '. if'f

■ 1 ».-tfl

412

STATE PAPERS.

;1;

JAMES I. to He en dernier re/ort*; the very words I fend you here inclofed, and
that is the fartheft that my confcience will permit me to go upon this
point ; for I am not a Monfieur who can fhift his religion as eafily>
as he can (hifthis fhirt, when hecometh from tennis. {

I have no more to fay in this, but God blcfs you, my fweet
Baby, and fend him good fortune in his wooing, to the comfort of
his old father, who cannot be happy but in him. My fhip is ready
to make fail, and only flays for a fair wind, God fend it her ; but I
have, for the honour of England, curtailed the train that goes by fea,
of a number of rafcals. And my fweet Steenie Gofljp, I muft tell
thee, that Kate was a littl;; fick within thefe four or five days of a
headach, and the next morning, after a little carting, was well
again. I hope it is a good fign, that I fliall fhortly be a goflip over
again, for I muft be thy perpetual goflip ; but the poor fool Kate,,
hath, by importunity, gotten leave of me, to fend thee both her rich
chains ; and this is now the eighth letter I have written to my two.
boys, and fix to Kate. God fend me ftill more and more comfort-
able news of you both, till I may have a joyful, comfortable, and
happy meeting with you, and that my Baby may bring home a fair
lady with him» as this is written upon our Lady-day.

JAxMes, R.

* And for myfelf, if that were yet the queftion, 1 would with all my
heart give my confent, that the Bilhop of Rome fliould have the firflr
feat. I being a weftern King, would go with the Patriarch of the
Weft. And for his temporal principality over the Sij^niory of Rome,
I do not quarrel it neither ; let him, in God's name, be primus epif*
copus inter omnes epifcopos^ et princeps epifcoporum^ fo it be no other-
wife but as St. Peter was />n«C(?/'j tf/c/^o/o/ ///;/. . ., , '■■<>-:\ >

..... ' »

.. .1, c (

STATE PAPERS.

4IJ

JAMES I.
1623.

'A -: ru

. The Prince and the Duke to Ki?ig James ^

Dear Dad and Goffip,
A CCORDING to our promlfe in our lafl:, we write to you this
day again, for our pofl is not yet parted, and that this may
not altogether he empty, we think it not amifs to aflure you, that
neither in fpiritual nor temporal things, there is any thing prcfl
upon us more than is already agreed upon ; fiiiu would they, in ihia
time of expeding the difpenfationj.have treated upon the ends and
effeds of friendfliip, but we have avoided it with fo many forcible
arguments, that they now reft fatisfied. They were iikcwife in hope
of a converfion of us both, but now excufcs arc more ftudied than
reafons for it, tl. , ',h they fay their loves fliall ever make thetn
wi(h it. To conclude; we never faw the bufinefs in a better way
than now it is. Therefore we humbly befcech you, lofe no time in.
hafting the (hips, that we may make the more hafte to beg that per-
fonally, which now we do by letter, your bleffing.

Your Majcfty's humble and obedient fon and fcrvant,

."■>'-•' \ ;'-^ » v'. .■'•^li..'.. •>•:. N 1 Gharles,.

Your Majefty'a humble flavc and dog,

Steenje-. j

March 27,

Madrid, the 27th
oi. March 1623.

w i.-l,

) ■

King yames to the Prince and Dulc.

;.' ?!.■.)

■)"!

• My fweet Boys,

^OD ever blefs, and thank you for your laft fo comfortable let- Apri lo.
ters i it is an cafe to my heart now that I ain fiire you have
received feme of my letters. As for the fleet, tliat flicuk!, with

*■ •> God's

"»!

<^i

■'• ill!

414

JAMES I.
1623.

STATE PAPERS.

God's grace, bring my Baby home ; they are in far greater readi-
nefs than you could have believed, for they will be ready to make
fail before the firft of May, if need were ; and the fmalleft of fix,
befides the two that go for Steenie, are between five and fix hun-
dred tons, their names and burden, Dick Grame (hall bring you,
who is to follow two days hence; it is therefore now your promife
to advertife by the next poft, how foon ye would have them to
make fail, for the charge and trouble will be infinite, if their equi-
page ftay long aboard, confuming vi£tualo, and making the fhips to
flink. My GoIIip fhall come home in the George, and the Ante-
lope wait upon him, and of their readinefs Dick Grame will bring
you word. The Treafurer* likewife made that money ready,
which my Baby defired : I muft bear him witnefs, he fpares not to
engage himfclf, and all he is worth, for the bufinefs.
The loth of April.

James, R.

The Prince anJDuhe to King James,

April M.

Dear Dad and Goffip,
1X7 E are forry that we are not able to continue the advertifement
of the difpeniation's arrival : 'it is certainly granted, and is as
certainly upon the way hither, and although clogged with feme new
condition, yet fuch as we hope with eafe to remove. They are
thefe : two years more to the education of the children ; no other
oath to be miniftered to the Roman catholic fubjeds, than that
which is given to the Infanta's fervants, and that they may all have
free accefs to her church. We hope in granting the firft, yet mak-

• Cran/ield Earl of Middlciex.

STATE PAPERS.

415

ing it hard, we (hall not only facilitate the other two conditions, hut, ^^JJf f ''
in a little time hereafter, bring more years back again with the
two; to this we will both recommend fecrecy here, and to you
there. If we receive your directions in time to this, we will punc-
tually follow them. To the fecond, our anfwer will be, the oath
was made by a^ of parliament, and that you cannot abrogate it|
without the whole confent of your people. In the laft, we hope to
let them fee^ as it will bring but a pefter and an inconvenience to
the Infanta herfelf, fo it will lefs fatisfy the Catholics, becaufe it
will make the a£t more public, and lefs ufeful to their ends, than
to have the exercifes of their confciences freely, in their own houfes ;
for all meeting in one centre, the number will feem greater, and fo
make the State jealoufer, and confequently make their fc^urity more
uncertain, this being no lefs than in covered words, to afk liberty
of confcience, which you have neither mind nor power to grant j
aiany other reafons we have, and fo powerful, that we make neither
queftion to fpeed the bufmefs, nor to end it to your own liking ^
which fweet Jefus grant, and your bleffing to

Your Majefty's humble and obedient fon and fervant.

Charles,

Madrid,
tjie asd of April 162.3*

Your Majefty's humble flave and dog,

Steenie^

41^

STATE PATERS.

JAMES I.
1613.

1.1

' '■'" T6e Prince and Duke to Ki

ng yahies*

cl ,'nv.

■f i.i rncif'. ill' m.'/ i>'

.f-

'.t.i

Dear Dad and Goflip.
-April 27th. lyi IHILL AnJros is now come back from Rome, but the Dif-
pcnfation got iiithcr before him : that you may the better judge
of tlie conditions it is clogged with, we have font youCiage's letters;
this comfort yourfclf with, ilut we will not be long before we get
forth of this labyrinth, wherein we have been entangled thefe many
years: we befcech your Majefty be fccret hi tlie conditions, and
be afTured we will yield to nothing, but what you may perform, both
with your honour and confcicnce : if you fhould not keep them
fo, it will beget difpute, cenfures, and conclufions there to our pre-
judice. The chief end of fending this port is to tell you, that the
Groyne is icfulved on, to be the fittelt port for your fliips, and us
here ; wherefore we pray your xMajefty to make no delay, but to fend
them with all fpccd thither. Sir, I Stcenic am commanded by my
wife, to trouble you with a deed of honour and charity, to have a
care of the widow, miftrefs Murrey, whom you promifed, in her huf-
band's time, to provide for, and her feven children. VVc have been
both much comforted with the return of Dick Granie, who hath
made to me your Dog in particular, fuch a relation of your M.TJefty's
conftant care and love of me, in my abfencc, that now I fliall fol-
low your fervice wiili a chcarful heart, though not with a more truft-
ful nor afTcdionate one; for he hath told me your carriage hath hccn
fuch, that it hath calmed the mad malice of all my enemies, which
was no fmall grief to me to hear they were of fo great a number ; and
for that honour *, which your Majefty tells me my Lord Treafurcr
hath been an importunate fuitor for, though not a fecret one, give

• A Dukedom.

t I .

'3V.>i 1

ic, G»^'C

STATE PAPERS.

417

me leave) out of the pride of my heart to fay, whenfoever any thing J'^l^j^^ '•
proceeds otherwife than immediately from your own heart and af-
fcdion, I (hall kifs it, and lay it down at your feet again, for hi-
therto you have accudomed me to no other. Out of a certain report
here, that you had done it, I fent Edward Clarke purpofely to intreat
you to undo it, or to add one more for my fake; but now that it is
undone, which I thank God heartiJy for, I befeech your Majefty
humbly on my knees to let it remain fo, till I have the happinefs to
fpeak with yourfelf, which is infinitely defired by your two boys that
crave your blefling.

P. S. By Prince Charles.
We fend this pofl: with fuch fpeed* that we have no time to

write this better.

*< . * • ' ■

Your

Majefty's humble and obedient

*t4 / 1 i \

fon and fervant,

I*, f W . I 1

Madrid,
the S7th of April*

i6zy

■ V ■

Charles.

Prince Charles to King yatnes^

SIR.

T DO find, that if I have not fomewhat under your Majefty's hand April jgth

to ihow, whereby that ye engage yourfelf to do whatfomever I
{hall promife in your name, that it will retard the bufinefs a great
while ; wherefore I humbly befeech your Majefty to fend me a war-
rant to this effe£t :

We do hereby promife ^ by the word of a Kingt that what/oever you
our fon Jhall promife in our name, ivejhall pun^uai/y perform,

3H Sir,

■

; 'S U

i^! ^

'fl

I: 'it

4i8

STATE PAPERS.

JAMBS I. Sir, I confefs that this is an ample truft that I drfire, and if it

1623. *

vrere not mere neceifity, I Ihould not be To boldi yet I hope your
. Majelly ihall never repent you of any truft you put upon

Your Majefty's humble and obedient
fon and fervantt
- .^■^"4» - Charles.

tM spth of April, 162].

Duke of Buckingham to King James*

Dear Dad and Goffip,
April 29th. 'Tp H I S letter of your fon*8 is written out of an extraordinary
defire to be foon with you again ; he thinks if you fign thus
much, though they would be glad (which yet he doth not difcover)
to mabe any farther delay, this will difappoint them : the difcretion
of your Baby you need not doubt, and for the faith of myfelf, I
fhall fooner lofe life, than in the leaft kind break it. And fo in
hafte I crave your blefling *.

. Your Majefty's moft humble

Have and dog,
»* J J Stebni£.

Madrid, ;;

the 29th of April, 1621. '

,,•,;./■• ■ r f • ;■■• :-:;'?rr: -'l -a, ■\ ':.'.•'■■. \\ 'n' . y\.\.\. '(1 *

• There cannot be a ftronger proof of tke i*BnMe which the Frioce and theftnwrite had
on the King's weaknefs, than thefe two letters.

.;, , , ..<;'■ , ^ lii'^,' .;' v' I;ui>:I 1 -iOij*: ■'.■/ • j ..

^>ll I • I.

STATE PAPERS.

King yames to the Prificc a?td Duke,

My fvveet Boys,
YESTERDAY io the afternoon I received two packets from you
after my coming hither, by two feveral pods, and the day be-
fore I wrote tp you my opinion fi'oni Theobald's, anent the three
conditions annexed to the difpenfation : . I now fend you, my Baby,
here inclofed, the power you defire. It were a ftrange truft that I
would refufe to put upon my only fon, and upon my bed fervant. I
know fuch two ye are, will never promife in my name, but what
may ftand with my confcience, honour, and fafety, and all thefe I
do fully truft with any one of you two : my former letter will (how
you my conceit, and now I put the full power in your hands, with
God's ble0ing on you both, praying him ftill, that after a happy
fuccefs there, ye may fpeedily and happily return, and light in the

arms of your dear Dad.

James, R,

Greenwich, ^ •

the nth of May, 1623.

* . . ^ ..'fi: ■ ■;.• ■',■'.■,

419

JAMES I.
1623.

Tin Prince and Duke to King yames.

Dear Dad and Goflip,
^Tp H E Pope having written a courteous letter to me your Baby, June 6th.

I have been bold to write him an anfwer, without your Ma-
jefly's leave, the copy whereof is here inciofed : we make no doubt
but to have the opinions of thefe bufily Divines reverfed (for already
the Conde' of Olivares hath put out ten of the worft), fo your Majefly
will be pleafed to begin to put in execution the favour towards your

3 H 2 Roman

Mil

' £ i

i -a

i;;
lit-

420

STATE PAPERS.

^^^fif ^' ^ot"*" Catholic fubjeAs, that ye will be bound to do by your oath,
as foon as the Infanta comes over, which we hope you will do for the
haftening of us home, with this proteftatioa to reverfe all, if there
be any delay of the marriage. We fend you here the articles as
they are to go, the oaths private and public, that you and your Baby
are to take, with the Councils*, wherein, if you fcare at theleaft claufe
of your private oath (where you promife that the Parliament ihall re-
voke all the penal laws againft the Papifts within three years) we
fought good to tell your Migefty our opinions, which ist that if you
think you may do it in that time (which we think you may), if
you do your heft, although it take not eflPed, you have not broken
your word, for this promife is only as a fecurity that you will do
your bed. The Spanifli Ambaflador, for refped of the Pope, will
prefent unto you, the articles as they came from Rome; as Ukewife
for to require, that the delivery of the Infanta may be deferred till
the Spring : his commiflion is to prefs for this, but to be fatisfied
with what we have yielded to here. We both humbly beg of your
Majefty, that you will confirm thefe articles foon, and prefs earneftly
for our fpeedy return. So craving your bleflings we reft.

Your Majefty's humble and obedient
fon and fervant,

Charles.

Your Majefty's moft humble
flave and dog,

Steenie.

STATE PAPERS.

King James to the Prince and Duie,

421

J A M E S I.
1623.

My fwcet Boys,
Y^UR letter by Cottington, hath ftrucken me dead; I fear it junentii.

{hall very much ihorten my days, and I am the more perplexed
that I know not how to fatisfy the people's expectation here, nei-
ther know I what to fay to our Council, for the fleet that ftaid upon:
a wind this fortnight. Rutland, and all aboard mud now be ftaid,
and I know not what reafon I (hall pretend for the doing of it *, but
as for my advice and directions that ye crave, in cafe they will not
alter their decree, it is in a word, to come fpeedily away, and if
ye can get leave, and give over all treaty. And this I fpeak without
refpeft of any fecurity they can offer you, except ye never look to fee
your old Dad again, whom I fear ye (hall never fee, if you fee
him not before Winter : Alas, I now repent me fore, that ever I
fuflfered you to go away. I care for Match, nor nothing, fo I may
once have you in my arms again ; God grant it, God grant it, God
grant it, amen, amen, amen. I proteft ye (hall be as heartily wel-
come, as if ye had done all things ye went for, fo that I may
once have you in my arms again, and God blefs you both, my
only fweet fon, and my only bed fweet fervant, and let me hear
from you quickly with all fpeed, as ye love my life.; and fo God fend
you a happy and joyful meeting in the arms of your dear Dad.

From Greenwich, the i^th
of June, 1623.

James, R..

W V-

' '«t

* ■ '<'

* Here follow five lines blotted fo as not to be read.

422

J A M E S I.

l62J.

STATE PAPERS.

Prince Charles and the Duke to King ya*nes.

Dear Dad and Goflip,
June 26. 'T^ HOUGH late, yet at laft, 'we hate gotten the articles di'awii
up in form, which We lerm you hy the lord Rbchford, with-
out any new addition or alteration. The foolery of the- Conde of
Olivares hath been caufc of this long delay, who would wilfully
agqinft thee have pulled it out of the Junto's and Council's hands,
and put it into a wrangling lawyer's, a favourite of his, who, like
himfelf, had not only put it into an odious fbrm, but had flipped in
a multitude of new, unrcafonable, undemandcd, and ungrahted
conditions, which the Council yielded unto, merely out of fcarj for
when we met with the Junto, they did not make one anfwer to
any of pur o1jje£|:ion8, but confcfled, with blufliing faces, we had
more than reaf' n of our,fiuq8,; and concluded with us, that the fame
oath (hould ferve, which palted between Queen Mary and King Philip,
bein^ put to the end of every article which is to be fworn to. By this
you may a little guefs with what favour they proceed with us, firfl:,
delaying u,s as long rjs pof^ibly they, can, then, when things are con-
cluded of, they throw in pew particulars, in hope they will pafs, out
of our defirc to make hafte; butvvhen our bufinefs is done, we fliall
joy in it the more that we have overcome fo many difficulties; in the
mean time we expctT: pity at your hands. But, for the love of God,
and our bufinefs, let nothing fall from you to difcovcr any thing of
this, and comfort yourfelf that all things will end well, ^o your
contentment and honour. Our return now, will depend on your
quick difpatch of thefe ; fxir we thank God v/c find the heats fuch
here, as wc may very well travel both evenings ?nd mornings.
The Divines have not yet recalled their fentence, but the Condc tells
us, he hath converted very many of them, yet keeps his old form,

I'.i

STATE PAPERS.

this

firft,

con-
's, out

fliall
in the

God,

ngof

your

your
Inch

nings.
\c tells

form,
in

423

in giving tis no hope of any thing, till the bufineft fpeaks it itfelf. JAMES i.

But we dare fay they dare not break it upon this, nor (we think) e -■„- ^

upon any other, except the affairs of Chriftendom (hould fmile

ftrangely upon them, which will at all times, and in all cafes, guide

them. So craving your bleffing we end.

■ • •• ■ ■ . ( , I . .■
S I '^^ : '. '. ,

In the a., ft of our ferious bufinefs, little pretty Toby Matthews

oomies to intreat ub to deliver this letter to your Majefty, which is,

as he calls it, a pidure of the Infanta^s, drawn in black and white.

We pray you let none laugh at it but yourfelf, and honeft Kate ; he

thinks he has hit the nail of the head, but you will fmd it the

fool iiheft thing tihat ever you fa w. ' , ;[ • , ;,,

J'' Your Majefty 's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

It'/ ■ f

I'rr; ; •

Charles.

,„ ,. , .,. , Your Majefty *simoft humble flave ajid dog.

•, . 'I.

Steenie,

MndriJ,
the ztith 'of June, 1623.

•oh

Jioi- / If.,' fi

Prince Chafles and the Duke to Kifig yhmes.

■! "I ":'>' il' i'ij tU ic ';'.C! ;' , '■■i\i i /'.

' "•■' ' 'u, Jul' ■

Dear D^d and Gotup,

OUR otTier letter was wrltt^ Wore William Crofts cAme ; he ,
June 77.

hath brought with him letters to our heart's defire ; we have
thus far made ufe of them already. This morning we fcnt for the
Conde of Olivares, and, with a fad counten;uicc, told him of your
peremptory command, intrefetittg him ' in the 'kindeft manner we
could, to give us his advice how we might comply with this, and
not deftroy the bufinefs. His anfwer was, that there was two good
ft ways

??'. «'

•V

III

:;-rt

424

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. ^ays to do the bufinefs, and one ill one ; the two good ones was,

V— -V ' either with your Baby's converfion, or to do it with truft, putting

all things freely, with the Infanta, into our hands; the ill one was,
to bargain, and ftick upon conditions as long as they could. As for
the firft, we abfolutely rejected it, and for the fecond, he confeil, if
he were King, he would do it, and, as he is, it lay in his power to
do it ; but he caft many doubts left he fhould hereafter fufFer for it,
if it ihould not fucceed ; the laft he confeft impofTible, fince your
command was fo peremptory. To conclude, he left us with a
promife to confider of it, and when I, your dog, conveyed him to
the door, he bad me chear up my heart, and your Baby's both.
Our opinion is, that the longeft time we can ftay here, will be a
month, and not that neither, without bringing the Infanta with us.
If we find not ourfelves aflured of that, look for us fooner. Whether
of thefe refolutions be taken, you (hall hear from us fhortly, that
you may in time accordingly give order for the fleet. We muft
once again intreat your Majefty to make all the hafte you can, to
return thefe papers confirmed, and in the mean time to give order
for the execution of all thefe things, and to let us here know fo
much.

Sir, let the worft that can come, we make no doubt but to be
with you before you end your progrefs ; therefore we intreat you to
take comfort, for in your health depends all cur happinefs. So
craving your blefling we end.

I your Majefty's Dog befeecheth you to tell Cottington that I love
him, and I pray you to do the like, for he is an honeft man and
deferves it, or elfe call me knave.

Your Majefty's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.
Your Majefty's moft humble flavc and dog,

Steenie.

Madrid, ...

the 27th of June, 1623. ^ -'"

STATE PAPERS.

425

:nie.

Duke of Buckingham to Secretary Conway.

JAMES I.
1623.

Dear Friend,
J PRAY you deliver this inclofed to his Majefty : it contains no j^nezg.

more than that on Wednefday at the fartheft, we (hall have our
laft anfwer. I hope it will be goodj if it be not, we Ihall be fooi\
with you, fo farewel.

Your aLedtionate friend and fervant,
:he .9th SjJ^e. .6.3. G. Buckingham.

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James,

rcr-

Dear Dad and Goflip, ) , ^ • ; -. '

Y Killegrcw's difpatch, you underftand how we intreated the June 29.
Conde of Olivares to give us his advice how we might com-
ply with your peremptory command, and not deftroy that bufinefs
our hearts was fo much fet on; to give an anfwer to which he
required fome time. The next day, at night, we fent for him again,
and prc'^'ed him for his opinion and couufel ; to which he anfwered,
on Monday the Divines fliould meet and give in their opinions, and
upon Tuefday or Wednefday at the fartheft, his Majefty fliould fend
us his laft and final anfwer ; but perceiving that wc all looked fadly,
and was at a refolution to return fpeedily upon it, if it were not to
your Majefty's fatisfadion and ours, which could not be, except they
refolved prefently to give her without any new or farther conditions,
he concluded, that he would do his beft, and bid us be of good
comfort, for he was in no doubt himfelf but all would end well.
This wc have thought good to advertife your Majefty of, to the end

3 I

you

: .if,

l:^^

111

i \

'ii

!i|i||

42^

STATE PAPERS.

^^^62'y '* 5^°" ^^y "°^ S'i^'ve yourfelf, nor think the time long; and confider-

' ' ing till our coming, nothing was done, or intended, you may be the

better fatisfied with this our flay. They fliall no fooner declare
themfelves to us, but you fliall have it; fo we crave your bleffin'^
and endv. • -. . , i . ; • " ' •

... Your, MajeAy'amOft humble and obedient fon and fervant,
•: . , ■,r\ lU-l- yrr ,.:-, ,[ :[ .1 =.-. ■ : : ^ : v Ji --. Chaiiles.

Your Majcfly's moft humble flave and dog,

Steenie»

Madrid, the 29th of
|anc, 162;.

■■*(■■

Joly IS.

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James*

Dear Dad and GolTip,

Y^^ ^*vc underftood by this time, how we were forced tcy
refort to your laft letter, fent to us by Crofts : they continue
ftill the fanjie exprefllons of joy which we then advertifed you of.
We have thought it fit again, at this time, to intreat you to put all
thofe things in prefent execution, in the favour of your Roman Ca-
tholic fubjeds, that you're- bound hereafter to do by the articles; for
we are in good hope, if that be, to bring the Infanta at Michaelmas
with us. We have given them thefe reafons to perfuade them to it;
the lengthening of your Majefty's days; the honour of your fon;
the fatisfaftion of your whole people in general ; and the eafier and
fooner performance of v/hat is promifed, with the charge you have
been this year already at, and how much it will be increafed more by
her flay till the Spring. We have fliowed them three ways to do it;
firft, by alledging the Infanta's love to your fon, which will ferve to
take off the blame of the aft from the Condii of Olivares, if the
people fliould diflike it, which he feems much to feaj, and for

4 which,

STATE PAPERS.

427

which, we find, he hath little reafon; but becaufe he gives foill, and JAMES I.
fo unlikely a reafon, we philofophy upon the word on his part, than to
make another trial with the Junto of Divines, where they may make
ufe of the advertifement they received laft, concerning the execution^
from their own Ambaffadors ; but that, I hope, will be better
ftrengthened by what they (hall write hereafter; and laftly, while
this is working, to fend to Rome, toperfuade the Pope to difpenfe
with this King's oath, fince your Majefty, your fon, and your Coun-
cil, hath agreed to that, for which that cath was required.

Sir, We do not know v.hether this will take efFedt or not ; if it
do not, we will be the fooner wit'-^ you; we know you will think a
little more time will be well fpent to bring her with us, when, by that
means, we may upon equaller terms treat with them of other things.
Do your beft there, and we will not fail of ours here. You fhall do
well to fee the Ambafladors letters, and fend them in your own
packets. Of all this we muft intreat you to fpeak nothing, for if
you do, our labour will be the harder here, and when it fhall be
hoped there, and not take effeft, they will be the more difcontented,
I your Baby have, fince this conclufion, been with my miftrefs, and
fhe fits publickly with me at the plays, and within thefe two or three
days (hall take place of the Queen, as Princefs of England. I your
Dog, have alfo had a vifit of her, to deliver your letter, and to give
her ihepar bicn of this conclufion. As this profpers, you (hall hear
from time to time. So we crave your bleffing, and end.

Your Majefty 's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.

Your Majefty's moft humble (lave and dog,

Steenif.

Madrid,
the 15th of July, 1623.

> ■1.

('•*!

if the

id for

tfhich.

3I 2

fit.

428

JAMES I.
1623.

July 21.

STATE PAPER Si

King yatnes to the Prince and Duke,

My fweet Boys,
p* VEN as I was going yefterday in the evening to the Ambaf^
fador*8 to take my private oath, having taken the public, before
noon, with great folemnity, Andover came ftepping in at the door
h'ke a ghoft, and delivered me your letters. Since it can be no bet-
ter I muil be contented ; but this courfe is both a difhonour to me,
and double charges, if I mufl fend two fleets ; but if they will not
fend her till March, let them, in God's name, fend her by their own
fleet. The Ambafladors fpeak broadly againfl: this delay, and plainly
fay that it is fenfelefs, and fwear they will write earneftly with Cot-
tington, to pcrfuade the change of that refclution ; but, if no better
may be, do ye haften your bufmefs, the fleet fhall be at you fo foon
as wind and weather can ferve, and this bearer will bring you the
power to treat for the Palatinate, and the matter of Holland ; and,
fweet Baby, go on with the contrail, and the beft aflu ranee ye cati
get of fending her next year; but, upon my bleffmg, lie not with her
in Spain, except ye be fure to bring her with you, and forget not
to make them to keep their former conditions anent the portion,
otherwife both my Baby and I are bankrupts for ever. And now I
muft tell you miracles ; our great Primate * hath behaved himfcif
wonderful well in this bufinefe, infomuch as my Lord Keeper f fays,
he will love him the better while he lives for it } and my Lord
Chamberlain hath gone beyond all the Council, in clear and honed
dealing in this bufinefs ; as all other things I remit to the fufficiency
of this bearer, whom Steenie hath fo earneftly recommended unto
me. And fo God blefs you, my fweet children, and fend you a hap-
py, joyful, and fpeedy return in the arms of your dear Dad. Amen.

James, K.

Whitehall,
the 2 ill of July, 1623

Abbot.

'I Williams.

rJ ;j

S T A T E P A P E R S. 429

JAMES r.
1623.

Secretary Co^iway to tie Duke of Buckingham, ^"^■- — ■»

Gracious Patron,
■yOUCHSAFE that fir ft with which I amfulleft, myunexpref- J^'y^s^.

fible thankfulnefs for the honour and favour of your letter by the
Lord of Andover, who arrived to his Majcfty's prefence on Sun-
day the 20th of July, unheard of till he prefentedhimfelf, in the with-
drawing chamber, to his Majefty. His Lordfhip delivered the packet
to the hands of his Majefty, who, when he had read the letters, gave
them to Sir Francis Cottington, and afterwards gave me yourGracc's
direded to me, which I received with as much joy, and more humble
acknowlegement, than ever I applied to words direded from the
hands of a miftrefs. And to the bufinefs, your letters came as feafon-
ably; his Majefty having fcafted the Ambafladors, the Lords of the
Council having received his Majcfty's warrant under the Great Seal,
and taken their oaths without difpute, fo many as was there ; the Lord
Chamberlain being then extremely ill of the ftone, and the Lord
Brooke fo too, the Earl of Arundel gone into Flanders to vifit his fon
then fick there, Zouch at Dover, Southampton in the country, Sir
Robert Naunton at his houfc not called.

His Majefty called, into his bed-chamber, Mr. Secretary Calvert,
Cottington, and myfelf, communicated to us the contents of your
letters, by which appeared the condition of the aftairs with you, and
what you required hence. The contentment began there, which
quickly ran through Court and city, and will lly through the king-
dom, that his Highnefs and your Grace would fliortly be at home, a
point much queftioned and feared. All you expeded h^'nce was in
fuch forwardnefs, as there was not much to be faid to it. The deli-
berations were the flaying of that part of the fleet laft defigned into
Scotland, and fcndinr; them, with the reft, to the port you delired
(St Anderas); and how to move theSpanilh Ambafladorsto write, that
the favour intended to the Roman Catholics was already put in exe-
cution ;

»i

-.k\

i m

•ffc'

-1 ■

■|:i

430

STATE PAPERS.

J ^ J^Jj!" '■ C"^'0" » ^^ Jiich fecmcd not uneafy, the Council having atlvanccd Co far,

»— V ' and his Majcfty attending only the AmbalFadors repofing a little,

before he pafled to his part. The Ambafladors being brought from
their rooms of reft unto the lodging next to the ftone table chamber,
his Majefty found them there, and they having with them only their
prieft, Mr. Secretary Calvert, Sir Francis Cottington, and myfelf
were called in, and had the honour to be witneiTcs to as dainty an
introdudion to a bufmefs of that confequence as ever I heard, which
freely forefliowed the impoflibilities of the exaSt performance of the
literal part concerning the Parliament, but in the fenfe of doing his
beft ; and in the underftanding of that part, which gives freedom and
immunity to the Roman Catholics from all laws. His Majefty's read-
ing on that tex.t, Jhviiig in violent cafesy according to reafon of Jlate^
to that part the Ambaflador gave all approbation ; but, gently and mo-
dcllly, by acknowlcging his Majefty's abfolute power, feemed to call
for and depend upon fatisfatflion in that point. £ut all thofe paiTages
for your more eafo, I leave them to Sir Francis Cottington 's more
clear relation. Upon his Majefty's motion for the Ambafladors letters
into Spain, that favour to the Roman Catholics was already put
into execution, they faintly accorded ; but withal prayed to have
fonie adts done, which might be public and authentical.

His Majefty accorded that, and folemnly fatisfied all on his part to
be done.

The Ambafladors took their leaves, contented to the full. And
although greater aftonifliment could not furprize men, than the con-
templation of the iflue of thefe laft adions ; yet, conceiving the point
to be the redemption and fatisfaftion of the Prince, they are comforted,
beyond the poflibility of their difcourfe, by the confidence they have
of the noble, conftant, pious refolutions of his Highnefs and your
Grace ; of which the beft fort of the people are not only very full,
but withal well aflured concerning religion.

Notwithftanding all the fearful rumours fpread and figns corj-
ceived, it will truly be a work worthy of the Prince and yourfelf, to

make

STATE PAPERS.

431

make your return as foon as pofllble, and either to bring the Princefs JAMES I.
with you, or the Prince as free as his afTcdlion, and the general part
demonftration, will admit ; if the ncceflity of the affairs, or the
power of dcftiny, will have it othcrwife, there is notiiing but a fad
fubmiflion. But for my part, there is nothing that I cannot hope
from the venture and good fortune of his Highnefs and your Grace.

After refolution taken by his Majeily to haften the Lord of Rut-
land to you with the fleet, and that his Majefty had refolved upon
fome limitation for the difpatch of Sir Francis Cottington in matter
and time, and had given order to Mr. Secretary Calvert to make the
difpatch back to Spain, I took the boldnefs to get leave of his Ma-
jefty to go to Greenwich on the Monday, to folemnize a marriage
between a daughter of mine and Sir Robert Harley. I returned
hither yefterday to fee the profecution of the fleet's difpatch, have
fpoken with the Lord of Rutland, and find all things well advanced j
and this night I hope to find his Majefty at Andover, and to return
to the Lord of Rutland his Majefty's warrant to carry the fleet to St.
Andera, and that is all his Lordfliip attends ; at leaft, by that time he
will be ready to go the fleet. Your noble Lady, the unmatchable
pattern of a wife, and your daughter as exceedingly fair, are both
well; and the confidence of your fpeedy return hath wrought a great
advantage of the complexion and good looks of your reverenced lady
and honourable fitter.

If I were not jealous of myfclf, that I look upon the public good
with the fpedacles of felf-love, I fliould a thoufand times beg of you
to haften his Highncfs's return and yours. Kiit I will pray to the
Almighty to make you way to his glory, and your own honour.
And I do beg of your Grace to prefent my fcrvice acceptably to his
Highnefs, and that you will be pleafed to keep in your intentions to
command. Your Grace's, &c.

Edward Conway.

P. S. The ads of f;ivour are gone this day to the King's fignature,
which known, will create cold Iwcat and fear, until the return of his,
Highnefs and your Grace.

•: «t

■'if

,4 1.

■' 1

!, 1

432

STATE PAPERS.

MMES I.
■ 1623.

Prince Charles and the Duh, to King James,

(illy :9th.

Dear Dad and Goflipt
A FTER a long expe£btIon of Grifley, he arrived yeftcrday
morning, with the good news of your health} and the difpatch
of our bufinefs : we are forry that there are arofe in your confcience
any fcruples, but we are very confident, when we fee your Majefly,
to give you very good fatisfaftion for all we have done; and had we
had lefs help, we had done it both fooncr and better, but we leave
that till our meeting. Sir, we have not been idle in this interim,
for we can now tell you certainly, that, by the 29th of your Augufl,
we (hall begin our journey, and hope to bring her with us ; but if
they will not fuffer her to come till the Spring, whether we (hall be
contracted or not, we humbly befeech your Majefty to leave it to our
difcretions, who are upon the place, and fee things at a nearer dif-
tance, and a truer glaCs than you and your Council can there; for
marriage there (hall be none, without her coming with us, and in
the mean time comfort yourfeif with this, that we have already con-
vinced the Conde of Olivares in this point, that it is fit the Infanta
come with us before Winter. He is working underhand with the
Divines, and, under colour of the King* and Prince's journey, makes
preparation for hers alfo; her houfhold is a fettling, and all other
things for her journey, and the Condc's own words are, he will
throw us all out of Spain as foon as he can. There remains no more
for you to do, but to fend us peremptory commands to come away,
and with all poffible fpeed : we defire this, not that we fear we (hall
have need of it, but in cafe we have, that your fon (who hath ex-
prefled much afFedion to the perfon of the Infanta) may prefs his
coming away, under the colour of your command, without appear-
ing an ill lover. I your Baby give you humble and infinite thanks,

for

STATE PAPERS.

for the care you have cxprcfled, hoth to my pcrfon and honour. J ^
And I your flave and dog, who have moft caulc, give you none at
all| bccaufe you have font me no news of my wife, and have given
her leave to be fick, and I conclude it the more dangerous, bccaufe
you dare not write me news of it. We hope you have fent the icft
of the navy towards us, by this time ; if you have not, we befcech
you to ufe all the fpeed you can, as.v.c Ihall do, to cafl ourltlvcs,
with an incrcafe of your Heet. So we crave your blcfling.

Your Majefty's moft humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.

433

MF.S I.
1O23.

Your majefty's moft humble flave and dog,

Madrid,
the 29th of Jul/, 1623.

Steekie.

Duke of Buckingham to King 'James,

Dead Dad and Gofllp,
T F I Ihould give you due thanks for all you have done for mc, I July 30111.

{hould fpend my time in nothing elfe, and fo want to give this
account of your fon's bufinefs, which you have moft rcafon now to
hearken after. When you fliall have moft leifure to receive thanks,
and I thought beft how to give them, as heretofore fo then, your part
will be to back and run from them. In the mean time, Sir, know,
that upon the King's Cbuncil, and Court's exprcfllon of joy, that
the Prince had come into, and accepted of their own offers here, to
be contracted, and ftay for the Infanta's following him at tho begin-
ning of the Spring, that we thought it a fit time in the heat of their

3 K exprcllions,

!i S3

434

STATE PAPERS.

j A M V. S J.
1623.

exprcffions, to try their good-naturc8| and prcfs the Infanta's prefcnt
going. Whereupon the Prince fcnt me to the Condc of Olivarcs*
with thefc reafons for it. that firfl, it would lengthen much your
days, who bcft defcrved of them in this, and many other bufmefles ;
It would add much to the honour of the Prince, which otherwife
muft needs fuffcr; The Infanta would thereby gain the fooner the
hearts of the people, and fo confequently make her defircs and their
ends fooner and eafier to be efFedted in favour of the Catholics; That
otherwife we fliould compafs but one of thofe ends for which we camot
for marriage, and not fricndlhip, and fo it would prove but like the
French alliance; That the affairs of Chridendom would eafilicr
and fooner be compounded ; That if he had any reafons of Aate in
it, which he hoped to gain at the Spring, I would (how him how he
would better compafs it now, than when their diftruft would begcc
the fame in us; How your Majefty had been this year at a great
charge already, and how this delay would but be of more, to both
kingdoms : With this I intreated him to think of my poor particular
who had waited upon the Prince hither, and in that, diftaAed all the
people in general ; How he laid me open to their malice and revenge,
when I had brought from them their Prince a free man, and (hould
return him bound by a contraft, and fo locked from all pofterity, till
tlicy pleafed here ; How that I could not think of this obligation, if
he would relieve me in it, without horror or fear, if I were not his
liiithful friend and fervant, and intended thankfulnefs. He inter-
rupted this with many grumblings, but at laft faid, I had bewitched
him ; but if there was a witch in the company, I am fure there was
a devil too. From him I repaired to his Lady, who, I muft tell
you by the way, is as good a woman as lives, which makes me think
ail favourites muft have good wives, whom I told what I had done ;
(he liked of it very well, and promifed her beft affiftance. Some three
or four days after, the Prince fent to intreat him to fettle her houfc,
and to give order in other things for ihcir journey j he Aflted what

8 day

STATE PAPERS.

435

day he would go away, but liimfclf n.imcil the 7t}\\\ of your Auguft, JAMF.s f.
wliicii the Priticc accepted of. Some two days after, the good Coim- ' * *
tcfs fcnt for me, the moft afflidcd woman in the world, and told mc
the Infanta had told her, the Prince meant to go away without her,
and for her part, flic took it fo ill, to fee him fo carelel's of her, that
flic would not he contratSted till the day he was to take his leave.
The Countcfs told me the way to mend this, was to go to the Oindo,
end put the whole bufincfs in the King's hands, with this protcQation,
that he would rather (lay fcven years, than go without his Millrefs,
lie fo much efleemed her ; and if I faw after, that this did not work
good effcds, that the Prince might come off, upon your Majcfty's
command, at pleafure. With this offer I went to the Condc, he re-
ceived it but doggedly ; the next day I dcfircd audience of the In-
fanta, to tafte her. I framed this errand from your Majefty, that you
had commanded mc to give her a particular account of what you
had done, and that you had overcome many difficulties to perfuade
the Council to come into thefe articles, and that you yourfelf w«
come into them, merely in contemplation of her, and that you had
given order for prefent execution, and fmce you had done thus much
to get her, you made no queftion but her virtues would perfuade you
to do much more for her fake. When I had done this, I told her of
the Prince's refolution, and affured her, that he never fpoke of go-
ing, but with this end, to get her the fooner away ; but that here-
after he durd ufe no diligences for her and himfelf, (ince he wai
fubjeil to fo ill offices, except flie would take this for granted, that
he would never go without her, which flic liked very well of. When
I had done this, I told her, fmce flic was the Prince's wife, all my
thoughts was bent to gain her the love of that people whither flie
was to go, and I fhowed her how the articles contained no more
than for the time to come ; but there was many Catholics, who at
this day were fined in the Exchequer, and though it would be fome
I0& to your Majefty (though I think it would be none), yet, if flio

3 K a vv'oulj

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43^

STATF PAPERS.

^ in

Ml-
I''

JAMES I. ^voulcl make a requcft to the Prince for them, your Majefty would
quit it. . I hope I have not done ill in this, but fure I am, it hath
not done ill to our bufinefs; for what with this, and that news of
the fending the four fliips to Leith, this morning the Countefs haiu
fcnt the Prince this recantbot otherwifc called mcHage, that the King,
the Infanta, and the Condc, are the beft contented that can be, and
that he fliould not now doubt his foon going away, and to carry the
Infanta with him.

Sir, I cannot end this letter without recommending this bearer
your ape, to your care, as any thing fsills; Porter that came with us,
will ftand in great need alfo of your help, and in helping thefe two>
you help me, who humbly crave your blefling.

Your Majefty's flave and dog,

Steenie,

Auguft i;.

The 30th of July.

Secretary Con'way to the Dale of Buckingham,

Moft gracious Patron,
C INCE my laft to your Grace by Mr. Killegrew, there hath fallen
fome mifundcrllandings or dilputations, which have varied tlic
ftate of proceedings touching the execution of grace intended by hia
Majefly to the Roman Catholics, and the fatisfatflory letters pro-
mifcd by the Ambafladors. By the copy of Mr. Secretary Calvert's
letter to me, bearing date the 2d of this month, which I ftnd here-
with, your Crace will fee what were the diflicultics; and by the copy
of the Ambafl'ador's letter, you will fee thofe dry and cold paflagcs
which his Majcfly found to differ far from thofe large and /caloiis
offers they had made, of writing unto Spain, declared by a letter of
Mr. Secretary Calvert's, of the laft of July, whereof I now fend )our
Grace a copy; though I conceive I fcnt you one before, by Mr. Kil-

7 legrew.

STATE PAPERS.

437

illy would
n, it hath
at news of
intefs liaili
t the King,
ill be, and
3 carry the

this bearer
ne with us,
; thefe two»

EENIE,

ham.

hath fallen
I varied the
indcd by hia
letters pro-
ry Gvlvcrl's
1 fend here-
by tlie copy
old paflagcs
and /ealous
V a letter of
\v fend )our
by Mr. Kil-
Icgrcw,

legrcw, who went from hence the 2d of this month, with an inten- J^^^^^^-S i.
tion to take thofc cfl'edual letters with liim. The third of this
inflant, I received from Mr. Secretary, liis letter of the fccond, by
which his Majeily, finding that thofc cffcflual letters were not writ-
ten, nor intended to be prepared, but new difputcs raifed, liis Ma-
jefty commanded me to write to (lay Mr. Killci];rc\v, which 1 in-
ftantly did, but whether thofe letters came time enough to (lay him
or no, I know n.->t yet. The fame day Killcgrew went from
hence, the Ambanadors fet forth hltberward. and arrived here the
fourth, at two of the clock. Immediately, his Majcfty fent my Lord
Carlifle and myfelf, to them with inftrudtions (after the compliment
of welcome performed), to fliow them the reafons of the validity of
the performance his Majclly made of his promife, and of the wcak-
nefs and invalidity of that they defired : and then the inconvenience
to his Majcfty, for reafjn of Hate, to fatisfy them in that kind, tlic
proof of which was delivered thus.

His Majefty having undertaken to give an immunity unto
the Roman Catholics for the time to come, was afterwards drawn
by the importunity of the Spanifh Ambaifadors (and by dcHre and
opinion to make a fpcedy return of his ion, with thc-accomplilhment
of the marriage, and in the company of her Highnels the Infanta),
to give Older for a pardon for all things juirt. that ftood to the ad-
vantage of the King, and in his power to rcleale. And for the
time to come, to give likcwife (under liis Majelly's feal) a difpenfi-
tion and immunity from all penal laws, llatutes, or ordinances what-
foevcr they were fubjed to, for their confciences. And this, for the
care his Majefly had of the accompin^ment of his royal promife,
which ho would make fure aj^iind himfelf, and his fncccllors, at all
events. Which the Ambailadors having rcfufcd, proppiuuling a pro-
clamation, which was but a fnfpenfum of the law, might be made
void by another proclamation, and did not hind a fucccflbr; aivl
therefore his Majclly knew not by what counfcl they were carrietl

:!;■

4?9

STATE PAPERS.

102V

lit

i'^

ftll'

J '^ ^JJ-^ s ^- to rcfiife a full and good fccurlty, and in place thereof to propound a
dcfedive one. His Maiefty being very unwilling to make a con-
IbuiHiion that the Ambafladors fought delays here, to the end that,
upon them, they might form delays in Spain, or that the Ambafla-
dors would be carried with the variety, vain-glory, or malice of the
Roman Catholics, to require things unfafe for them, and unproper
for his Majefty to grant, who beft knew what were the bed fecuri-
tics for the making good of his word and oath, and what was moft
fiii tabic with the peace of his government.

To this the Ambafladors anfwcred, with fuch doubts and argu-
ments as they had gathered up from the ignorant, fearful, didruft-
ful Roman Catholics that had fought them.

The reply to this was, that, if the Ambafladors knew the ftrength
of our laws, tl.3 authority, and inviolable dignity of a Great Seal,
the roundncfs and integrity of his Majefty's proceeding, and would
but truly underftand the unpropernefs of a proclamation, in point of
government, they would be ill fatisfied with thofe that had call them
upon that counfel : and then they might judge how much caufe his
Majelly had to be difpleafed with thofe that had puflicd at fo great
inconveniences, and been authors of fo great a delay. And the
better to rcdify the Ambafladors* judgments and knowledge in this,
it was propounded to them, that there were wi.O: and judicious
lawyers, that were well known to be Roman Catholics ; that it
was not doubted but that his Majefty would be contented to permit
one fiiflicient man of thofe (to be chofen by them) to look into the
validity of the pardon for the things part, and of the difpenfalion of
the tilings to come: and that it fliould be lawful for that lawyer to
attend his Majcfly's Attorney, and to give afliftance and force, with
all legal termb and provifions, for their better fcciuity. And that
concerning the proclamation, they might be pleafed to know, that
it was the judges, jufticcs, and inferior oflicers, in whofc power it
was to proceed againft, or to qucftion, or moleft the Roman Catho-
lics;

STATE PAPERS.

4.19

lies; and to all thofe ofTiccrs, the pardon, difpcnfation, and prohi- JA^ii'-'' ^
bition further to molefl: them, was to be diredcd: a proclamation was
only to the vulgar people, who had no intereft in the bufinefs, nor
were capable of any thing but fear and rumour. And the Ambaf-
fadors were prayed (as men of eftate) to judge whether it were
more fcafonable, the Prince away, the marriage not made, the tem-
poral conditions not publiflied, to intimate this grace by prcKlama-
tion, or to let it Aide in by this more filenl way of pardon ai>d dif-
penfation.

Here the Ambafladors gave a flop to themfclves, began to protcft
their care of the peace of the flate, and to recount the orations they
had made to the Roman Catholics, to receive this Grace thankfully,
as a mere grace of the king.

And here they let fall the pretence for a proclamation, and laid
hold upon the offer of the fecurity by pardon with the infpeiflion of a
Counfcllor ; prayed that they might appoint one to folicit that Coini-
fellor, and that the Counfcllor, and the perfon to be fcnt to him,
might have warrant, by a letter from a Secretary of State, that his
Majefty would take well their endeavour in that bufmefs. And there
remained no vifible exception, on the Amballador's part, hut the
charge of a pardon, to which they had anfvvcr to fatisfy them. And
they being fully fatisficd, the opportunity was not loll to require
them then to write prefcnily to the King of Spain, the full perform-
ance, on his Majefty's part, and to folicit the fpecdy accompliihmcnt
of the bleflcd marriage, and the fpcedy return of the Prince in the
company oi the excellent and happy Infanta.

To this we found a ready preparation in Don Carlo, and, it may
not be faid a backward, hut a cautious enquiry by the Marquis of
Ignioza, for an anlwer to his propolition, who, in conclufion, took
occafion to propound a paper drawn, of certaui limitations, to which
if his Majelly would exphiin his confent, under the hand of his Se-
cretary, he would prcfemly write, to the uttermoft extenfion, for the

juaifying

K IT^

440

STATE PAPERS.

"i.j. ..

Si"

tl; t:

JAMES r. jiirtitylng of his Majefty's real and royal accomplifliment, and for

«. ^ — ' the hartcning the conclufions in Spain. This paper was brought ia

by Mr. Gage nd withal, the form of the proclamation, and an-
other paper of requcfts deflincd to be delivered to his Majefty. The
form of the proclamation was undoubtedly one of the moll imper-
tinent pieces that could be ihewcd.

For the paper of rtquefts, it concerned Scotland, and Ireland,
and received fuch aniwers, as the Amb-ilfadors feemed in very large
ir.cafure to apt rove.

Since, wc I ::ve heard nothing of ii. For the paper of propofi-
tions, for his Majelly to approve by his Secretary, my Lord Carliflc
very judicioully fullered it to be received, to be prefented to his Ma-
jefty, and approved by him, and in the mean time a provifional pro-
mi fe made, tiiat Mr. Gage ihuuKl be dil'patched to folicit the execu-
tion of the pardon, and an eirecliial letter written, if his Majefty did
approve of the propofiiions ; which propnfitions (at their rcqueft)
were left in their hands, to be traullated into Englilh, and delivered
this morning; of which propoiitions I fend your (-race a copy here-
with. I inftantly reprelcnted them to his Majefty, who commanded
me to wait upon my Lord Carlifle again to the Ambaftadors; and to
us his Majefty gave inftru<ftions upon thefe two exceptions : the one
concerning the compofitiun made with recufants for forfeitures, and
given away by patent to others, and was not now in the jiower of his
Majefty no more to take from them, than to take back any land he
had granted by patent, or than that it Ihould be pofliblc for him to
make void thefe pardons and ads of grace to the Unman Catholics, to
be pafTed under the Great Seal. Ikit his iVIajefty was well pleafed,
that, fmce he took ofi' them all the penal ftatutes, by which they
were made liable to thefe things, if they could by pleading by law
prove, that the caufe being taken away, the efl'edl ceafed, they fliould
have equal juftice. With this they quieted themfelvcs.

Th:

STATE PAPERS.

441

The other point was, concerning the declaration, that fcholars JAW^^ 1-

Chould be admitted into fchools and colleges, without having any
oaths adminiftered unto them. , .

To this, his Majefty excepted, as a thing of a tender and dan-
gerous interpretation for his honour and conftancy, that he fhould
not only at one inftant give unexpedcd grace and immunity to his
fuhjedts the Roman Catholics, but Icem to endeavour to plant a fe-
minary of other religion than he made profeffion of. But it was
enough that his Majefty took off all penalties from them, fo as they
ftood in poflTibility to be admitted by grace, if they would not take
the oaths, or otherwifc they might forbear entering into univerfities;
but fuch as could gently pafs in by favour, according to the example
of many that do fo now.

The Marquis of Ignioza anfwered, that all penalties were not
taken off them, for the penalty of ftiame remained upon them, that
they could not be capable of offices equally with other men.

The reply to that was, that there was no fhame but what the laws
had impofed : that the laws, by the King's grace, were taken away,
and taken away with more advantage to them, than the Proteftants
were left in.

For if a pcrfon capable of any preferment, defircd a place or
office, if the King, or other perlbn that had povper to beftow the
place accepted him, he could not be refui'ed for not taking the oaths ;
for grace hath fufpended them for the Roman Catholics, but not to
the Proteftants.

This, and the reft:, coft many more arguments, the clearing of
which received good affiftance by the dilcrction and moderation of
Mr. Gage, who t'omeiimcs affiftcd the clearing of points by good in-
terpretation, fomctimes by bearing witnels to the truth of the alle-
gations concerning formalities, and condition of our ftate ami law.
But with all the aids, the Marquis of Ignioza found hiinlclt troubled,
his reafon conviiled, that his Majefty did accomplilh to the full,
whatfoevcr he was obliged to by the articles, or his royal proniifc ;

5 I- and

16'

t .%

'f^^

^■-n

'. ,J^MMt>»^ -"■ '(

■■r

443

STATE PA'PERS.

'it^

III

J AMES I. and yet that was fliort of what the MarquU defired to gain, to magw
*... y > nify himfelf by, in the way of fupererogation. But being finally
prefled judicioufly to examine how punctually his Majefly had ac*
compliilied all that he was tied to by the articles and more» for the
contemplation of haflening the conclufion of this blefled bufmefs,
and the joyful coming of thofe excellent Perfonages hither ; and
that he would in goodnefs think this delay too long, and juflly write
that his Majefly had fully accompUihed all his part to be done ; and
add to it this good office of prefllng a fpeedy confummationof the mar-
riage in Spain, and fpeedy coming of their HighnefTes together ; to
this he anfwered with an earnefl (almod a choleric) franknefs, that he
ought and would write, that the King had fulfilled every jot of that
he was bound to, and more ; but wherein more (though he would
write into Spain) he would not tell us ; but added withal, that he
. would write, that though the King had performed all, yet the Ca-
tholics were left by the negligence committed by. the Council of
Spain, without poffibility to be poflelTed of offices.

The reply to this (bowed him, from the arguments before, that
judgment was ill grounded, and that if he (hould write fo into Spain
(whereof there was no necefTity), it might be a mifinformation, and
yet caufe queftion and delay in the proceedings.

From hence the Marquis took occafion to breath out many pro-
teflations of his roundnefs, purencfs in tiiis bufmefs, and equal faith
to both Kings ; profclfing it to have been, before he came out of
Spain, his judgment and his counfcl (wherein he was now more
fortified), that the advantage of Spain, was to confummate the match
fpcedily, and alike to haften the return of their HighneiTes into
Kngland.

And although he waved thedifpatch of his letters into Spain from
hence, by an argument of what ill fpirits may philofophy upon it,
yet he vowed upon the crofs of the Lord Carliflt's fvvord, and by all
the rights ?,nd bounds of heaven and honour, that he would liafte to

7 Loodoii,

,»

8TAT1S PAPERS.

to mag-
g finally
r had ac
;, for the

bufinefsy
her; and
iftly write
lone; and
if the mar-
jetherj to
:f8, that he
jot of that

he would
kl, that he
el the Ca-
Council of

efore, that

into Spain

lation, and

many pro-
equal faith
ame out of
now more
the match
ineffes into

liOndon, haftc the difpatch of the pardon, fend a copy of it, and JAMES r.
with it his letters of celebration of his Majedy's royal performance in
«very tittle ; and warrants there (hould be no delay, concurring with
his many former letters to that effc&.

This narration his Majefty hath commanded me to make thus par-
ticularly and largely, that his Highnefs and you might, by fight of
the whole frame, judge of the pexfe<Slion or imperfedllon of the
building. And I have forborn the form, of this my Lord of
Oarlifle faid, or this I faid, not of ambition to Aide myfell into equa-
lity with him ; but well knowing whatfoever I fliould call his, would
not look like his, wanting both life and his puliihing. But this I
truly fay, whatfoever is good and efFedual, is his, and mine nothing
but the faults.

And this I will as truly fay, this caufe is dear to all England, and
as precious I believe to us two, as to any two in England.

Your'Grace may be pleafed, even of your grace, to prefent my fer-
vice to his Highnefs, to whom that I never write, is only of reve-
rence ; and alike to vouchfafe my acknowledgment of what I am, is
by you, and for you, as I am by humble affedion and faith,

Your Grace's, &c.

SatUbuiy,
Auguft jth, t6z>

Edward Conway.

'!!

,11

i ^i\

Spain from

ly upon It,

and by all

Likl hafte lo

l>oadoQ,

3L a

1 ' J fC

4^4

JAMES L

STATE PAPERS.

Secretary Conway to the Duke of Buckingham,

» »:

Augu/l 6th.

?i!r

'A ?

Gracious Patron,
TpHE Lord Carliflc being appointed to marflial the train of the-
Ainbafladors in this day's hunting, required me to prefeni hi»
fervice to your Grace, and in his name to befeech you to refervc.
from the eyes and knowlcge of all men but his f lighnefs, the poft-
fcrlpt of his Majcfty's letter, as you tender an humble, faithful,
adive ftrvant of yours, until you fltall have ample knowledge of all
the circumftances of that information.

Since the finifliing of my exorbitant narration, Mr. Cj:i{^Q hath
been with me to propound a meeting between the Ambafladors,
the Lord Carlifle and myfelf, tc accord upon fomc limitations of the
matters to be comprehended in the pardon and difpcnfaiion, which
being done, and put under our hands, the Marquis will write the
effedual letters fo often mentioned, for the aflurancc of the full ac-
complifhmeut of all on his Majefly's part, and hallening pf the
match.

1 have acquainted his Majefty with the propofitlon, and his Ma-
jefty readily approves it, and your Grace may be confident, ali" pof-
fible to be done, fliall be done, that may liaftcn his Highnefs's
return, and yours, in which my intereft is no Ids, than happy, or
unhappy.

I have not time to clear myfelf to your Grace; but, thus, I am
fomctimes perplexed, not being able of your friends to conceive
which is to be preferred. 1 mud believe all that profcls it, and love
them for that; but want trials to difccrn farther, having lefs coni-
jnodity to do that, than otiiers; bccaufe I never ufe a mafk to fluidow
whofe I am, and dclire not to know, under the feal of friendlliip, that:
which I cannot conceal with mine own integrity. And that all pro-

STATE PAPERS.

445

fcfs to you, 18 no marvel, for the conftancy of our mafter's afFtdion J ^ ^' f^ s i.

. iCtzx-

to you, is enough to keep Uie crooked ftraight.

When your Grace fliall think it fit to inftruft my faith and in-
duftry, there is nothing fo longed for as your commandments.

It fcems, upon the marriage, it will be fit, that fome qualified pcr-
fon be fent to give the Parabien ; and it is pofiTible the Lord (Jarlille
his eye is upon it, and for ought I can fee, there is none more pro-
per for your fcrvice; if it be not io^ the faireft way (by your Grace's
pardon) is, to find it fuperfluous to fend any. if tlicle kind uincioul-
iicdes be too much, God and your Grace forgive it, for it comes of
humble faiih and duty, from

Your Grace's, &c.

Salilbury,
die 6tln)t Augull, 1623.

Edward Cowvay.

King yamcs to the Pr'mcc and Duh.

My fwcct Poys,
T WRITE to you now upon the good fifth day of Auguft *, In tlie
afternoon. Secretary Culvert's movir-g the A(nb;i{r.ulors to havi.'
a fight or copy of what ihey vrote, hath produced this cflc^Tl, that ^''£"'1 ;•
I find tluir letters leaner ami drier than cither I expcded or dcftrved.
What courfe I have taken with th«.in l.crcupon, at their coming
hither to this fealt, Secretary Conway's letter will inform you at
laree. To be (liort, I have given oul.r to put ia execution, all that
1 have promifed, and more ; as thcinfelvcs conirfe--, ami had l)een done
bctbre this time, if themlelves, by now unreaionable mntions, HtuI
not hindered it. And lhu8 much more tli.m I nr.'>pai|.,il have I
granted un'o them, at their earnell: fuit, which is, a difoharge of all
debls-already owing to me by rcculanta ; ami there l)re, if the/ cafl
111! now the great dowry that they a:o to give, remeir.ber that, by

* Jami-sliOTioureH the i;th of AtM'iii?, with Iii' (•(>:!)-.,• from F.irl Gowvlo, .->t lV.-;'i, on

ihia

^'1

4» 1

'■Is,
- II

'^liiil

jl.f

•I

' ■' ':s

i'i ll

446

STATE tAPERS.

J A MRS r.

this deed, I quit fix and thirty thoufaiid pounds of good rent, iti
Fnglaiul and Ireland; which, in good account, will Arike down the
third part at leaft of tlieir dowry. If Killegrew be not already gone,
he will deliver this letter unto you; but if he be gone, Clark will
give you it, who (hall immediately be difpatched after the fealing
of that pardon and privy feal which is prcfently to be drawn up.
I have no more to fay, hut if you haften you not home, I apprehend
I (hall never fee you, for my extreme longing will kill me ; but God
hlefs you both, my fwect boys, upon this good day; and he that de-
livered me from fo great a danger upon it, preferve you, and grant
you a fpeedy, happy, and comfortable return in the arms of your
dear Dad. Amen. Amen. Amen.

James, R.

Carlifle hath told me a tale of this Marquis, that (hews him to be
a film man, and my Steenie's fmall friend ; and the Devil take them
all that arc fo, except my Baby, who 1 know can never loveSteenie;
but in earncft he broke off a crafty difcourfe to Carlifle, but he
choaked him fo foon ; therefore keep this to ^[^ourfelves till ye hear
more of it.

Secretary Calvert to Secretary Conway,

S I R,
Ai'guftsth. T HAVE at this inftant received from you a n<f^ reveille-matin
about the fleet, and would be glad to know of you in particular
what I am to do more than I have done, which if I knew, I were
unworthy to live, if I did not give his Majefty all contentment, by
my humble and diligent endeavours. 1 have told you often, that I
cannot learn from the commiflioners of the navy here, that any thing
is demanded for her fetting forth, except visuals; and that I had

fpokea

STATE PAPERS.

447

fpokcn with Sir Allen Apflcy, who affurcd me that all (hoUld be JAMES i,
ready and aboard by to-morrow ; (o as there (hall not need any other
courfe to be taken now by making provifions out of the merchants
Hiips.

I have alfo fpoken again this morning with Mr. Coke, who tells
me that the commifTioners of the navy had Sir Allen Apiley before
them on Wednefday lad, and then afTured them the like, that longer
than to-morrow the fliip of vivflual (hould not (lay, unlcfs the wind
hindered her, which I hope (hall not. To be furcr, he (hall be
called upon again this day. It is not poHiblc to do more, fur any
thing I can fee. When this vidual comes about to Portrmouth, then
will there be no caufe for the fleet to flay an hour, for any thing I
know, unlefsyou hear any new cojnplaints from my Lord of Rut-
land, which we know not here, being nearer to you than us.

Sth Augull.

iir<

.i'l'^i

King yatnes to the Prince.

My dcareft Son,
T SENT you a commandment long a«;o, not to loic time Aa^iu!! loiii.

where ye are, but either to bring quickly home your millrors,
which is my carneft dclire, but if no better may be, rather than to
linger any longer there, to come without her; which, for miiiy
important reafons I am now forced to renew; and therefore I
charge you, upon my blefling, to come quickly, either with her or
without her. I know your love '.o her perfon hath enforced you to
delay the putting in execution of my former commandment. I con-
fcfs it is my chiefell worldly joy that ye love her; hut the ncccniiy
of my aifuirs cnforceih me to tell you, that you mull prefer the obe-
dience to a father, to tlie love yc cany to a mifu-cTs. AuJ fo C xl
hlcfs you.

Cianbourn,

J\.M S, R.

• ••J'

<i^.

'^.t.2,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

i^j^

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bills 12.5

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urn

u 1^

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WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0

(716) •73-4S03

'o" ^ ''^:U

«■

■^'

'9.

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.
1623.

Auguft 20.

Prince Charles and the Duke to King James,

Dear Dad and Goffip, .-...-!;.

'T'^HE caufe why we have altered our Secretary is, that I your
Baby will not let your Dog trouble himfelf with writing, be-
caufe he has been of late troubled with a great cold, with a little fit of
an ague, for which he was drawn blood, but now, thanks be to God,
he is perfedtly well. Cottington arrived here the fifth of this month
late at night, whofe coming, we hoped, would have made a great
alteration to the better in our bufinefs^ but we find that they here
believe the Marquis Inoyofa's intelligence, better than all your Ma-
jefty's real proceedings ; but we befeech you take no notice to the
Marquis of Inoyofa of his juggling (for he has written hither, con-
trary to his profeflions), until we wait upon you. The caufe why
we have been fo long unwriting to you, fince Cotlington's coming,
is, that we would try all means pofiible (before we would fend you
word), to fee if we could move them to fend the Infanta before win-
ter. They, for form's fake, called the Divines, and they ftick to
their old refolution; but we find by circumfiances, that confcience is
not the true, but feeming caufe, of the Infanta's ftay. To conclude,
we have wrought what we can, but fince we cannot have her with
us that we defired, our nc ' comfort is, that we hope fhortly to kifs
your Majefty's hands.

Sir, We have been informed by my Lord of Briftol, that, by the
French Ambalfador's means, the Spanifh Ambafiador has feen all the
letters that we have written to you, and that you are betrayed in
your bed-chamber. So craving your blefling, we reft,

Your Majefty's moft humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.

Sir,

If.l

1 1 your
ing, be-
tlc fit of
to God»
s month
a great
ley here
our Ma-
;e to the
her, con-
aufe why
J coming,
fend you
tfore win-
:y flick to
ifcience is
conclude,
her with
tly to kifs

at, by the
:en all the
etrayed in

fvant,

ILES.

Sir,

STATEPAPERS. 449

Sir, I have been the willinger to let your fon play the Secretary J ^^^^^ ^
at this time of little need, that you may thereby fee th« extraordi-
nary care he hath of me, for which I will not intreat you not to love
him the worfe, nor him that threatens you, that when he once gets
hold of your bed-poft again, never to quit it.

Your Majefty*s moft humble flave and dog.

Steenie.

Prince Charles and the Duke to Kift^ James,

Dear Dad and Goflip,
npHIS day we take our leaves; to-morrow we "begin our joumeyi

we leave our bufinefles thus. This Pope being fick (as they fay Auguftjoth.
here), hath not yet given power for the delivery of the difpenfation,
upon the capitulations agreed upon, wherefore they not being able
(though many Divines fay the contrary) to contradl me your Baby,
until that power come from Rome, and they not having ufed us with
thofe realities, a« to encourage us to rely longer upon uncertainties,
I your Baby have thought fit to leave my promife to the King in my
Lord of Briftol's hands, to deliver it when that power comes from
■Rome.- As for the bufinefs of the Palatinate (now that we have
preft them to it), we have difcovered thefe two impediments ; firft,
they fay, they have no hope to accommodate it, without the mar-
riage of your grandchild with the Emperor's daughter ; but
though we know you will like the propofition of the marriage, yet
we know not how either you, or your fon-in-law and daughter*, will
like it with this condition, that your grandchild be bred up in the
Emperor's court. The fecond is, that though they are content
.to reftore him to all his lands, and his fon to both lands and honour,

• King and Queen of Bohemia.

3 M yet

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.' %h'

45©

STATE PAPERS.

James I. yet they will not engage themfelves to reftore himfelf to honours,
but have it left to their mediation and courtefy ; and how the firil
point will be obtained of the father, when they "ill difcontent him
in the latter, we leave you to judge. For the jointure and tempo-
ral articles, we will be able (when we ihall be fo happy as to kifs
your Majefty's hands) to give you a perfect account; in the mean
time we crave your blefling, and end.

Your Majefly's humble and obedient fon and fervant,

Charles.
Your Majefty*8 mofl humble flave and dog,

Madrid, SteENIE.,

•tne zfjith of Auguft 1623*

7l>e Infanta to King James,

SIR,
Augoftjoth. T WAS very glad to receive the letter your Majefty httlk
been pleafed to fend me, by which your Majefty Jhoweth &
good-will and affedion to me : and although in both thefe things I
dp correfpond with equal degree and meafure, yet I do acknowledlge
the favour, and with a defire to have fomeoccalion to fatisfy (as far
as is in my power), to fo great an obligation; being alfi) anfwerable to
this, the good pleafure of the King, my Lord and Brother, who loveth
and efteems your Majefty fo highly, as alfo all that betongeth to
your Majefty. God lave your Majefty, as I defire.

Madrid,
the 30th of Augul, t623>

Your Majefty 's moft afFefttonate,

Maria^

STATE PAPERS.

Duh of Buckingham to King y antes.

45J

JAMES I.
1623.

Dear Dad and Gofllp,
nPHIS bearer hath ftaid for the Infanta's and other letters, a day Sept. i ft.

longer than was refolved of, whicli hath given me this occa-
iion, by Health from your Baby, to aflurc your Majefty, by this laft
night's reft, of my perfe£t recovery. Nothing dejeded me fo much
in my ficknefs, as my abfence from you ; nor nothing was fo great a
cordial to me in my recovery, as this thought, that in a few days we
fliall ftcp towards you ; yet I befeech your Majefty to believe this
truth, that I fo far prefer this bufinefs, and your fervice, before any
particular of my own, that this refolution hath not been taken with
precipitation, but when we faw there was no more to be gained
here, we thought it then high time with all diligence to gain your
prefence. Sir, my heart and very foul dances for joy ; for the change
will be no Icfs than to leap from trouble to eafe, from fadnefs to
mirth, nay, from hell to heaven. I cannot now think of giving
thanks for friend^ wife, or child; my thoughts are only bent of
having my dear Dad and Mafter's legs foon in my arms j which
fweet Jefus grant me, and your Majefty all health and happinefs ;
fo I crave your bleffing.

Your Majefty*$ moft humble flave and dog.

The 1 ft of September.

Steenie,

S I R,

I'll bring all things with me you have defired, except the Infanta,

which hath almoft broken my heart, becaufe your's, your fon's, and

the nation's honour is touched by the mifs of it ; but fince it is their

fault here and not ours, we will bear it the better; and when I fiiall

have the happinefs to lie at your feet, you (hall then know the truth

of all, and no more.

3 M 2

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U^^

454

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES L
1623.

Prince Charles to the Pope, .

Sanaiffirae Pater,
T ITERAS S'". V. vigefimo Aprilis 1623 Romae datas^ tant^
animi gratitudine et obfervantia accepimus, quanta cum bene-
volentia pioque aOFedu videntur exaratas : nobifque imprimis grata
fuere ilia, quibus uti placuerit S' . V. incitamenta a nunquam fatU
laudatis nobiliflimorum majorum noftrorum exemplis petita, qui
anteadis feculis nunquam parati magis exitere advitae capitifque dif-
crimen adverfus hoft€8 Chrifti nomini infeftoa ultro fubeundum, quo
facro fandlum ipfius cultum latiu» propagarent, quam nos hoc tem-
pore (quo inveterata Satanz, difcordiarum patris, malitia obtinuit
tantum, ut diifidia admodum infelicia inter illos ipfos, qui religionem
Chriftianam profitentur, longe lateque difleminaverit), ad omnen\
opem atque operam fedulo adbibendam, ut eccleda Dei aliquando
reconcilietur, atque ad priftinam pacem et unitatem denuo reduca-
tur: quod pro primo Temper gradu ac paffu tantique momenti eflT^
habuimus, ut vel maxime conferat ad facrofandum Domini et Sal-
vatoris noftri Jefu Chrifti nomen ac gloriam faelicius in terris pro-
movendam : quod non minori nobis honori futurum ducemus, pro-
genitorum noflrorum veftigiis prementes, in tarn piis et religiofis f'uf-
ceptis eorundem imitatores extitifle, quam ab iiltlem genus noftrum et
originem deduxifle: ad quod nos plurimum hortantur prcccepta domini
noftri regis, ac patris meipropenfio,et vehemens admodum quo flagrat
defiderium huic tarn fando operi manum porrigere auxiiiatricem:
nee non intimus animi dolor, quo commovetur, dum fecum con-
tempTatur deplorandas ftrages et calamitates, quoe a fimultatibus et
difleiifionibus inter principes Chriftianos exortis paffim producuntur.
Nee illud porro judicium, quod S". V. vifum eft facere de eo, quocJ
nos tenemur defiderio, cum Principe Catholic^ Romana matrimo-
nium contrahendi, a S"'.Y. fapientia atque charitate diftbaumomnino

STATE PAPERS.

4^3

eft aut alienum, fiquidem, uti a S. V. rite obfervatum eft, vlx aut ne JAMES I.

c • • • 1623.

vix quidem tanto, quo fruimur, ftudio cuperemus tam ardlo et indif-
folubili propinquitatis vinculo cum cujufdam perfona conjungi,
CUJU3 religionem odio et deteftationi haheremus. Sed S. V. hoc
fibi perfuafum habeat, earn noftram efle, femperque in pofte-
rum futurani} moderationem ; ut non folam quam longlllime k
nobis rufpicionem omnem removebimus, atque ab omni demutn
adtu temperabimus, qui aliquam prsc fc fpeciem ferat nos ^ Ro-
mana Catholica religione abhorrere, fed omnes potius captabimus
occafiones, quo leni 'jenignoque rerum procclTu finiftrae omnes
fufpiciones e medio penitus tollantur: ut flout omnes unam et in-
dividuam Trinltatem, et unicum Chriftum crucifixum publice pro-
fltemuri ita in unam tantummodo Hdem, in ecclcftam unam una-
nimiter coalefcamus. Quod ut efFedum demus, labores omnes et
vigilias, et quodcunque itidem periculum, quod inde rebus noftris
aut perfonae poterit imminere, ft fa£to opus erit, parvi pendemus*
Quod reliquum eft, S". V. gratias, quas pofliimus maxunas, pro
Uteris veftris, quas infignis muneris loco habemus, referentes, S". V.
profpera omnia, aeternamque faelicitatem comprecamur *.

• There are feveral copies of this re- " more than compliment ; antf may be a
markable letter in the hiftorians ; the above " warning that nothing is to be done or faid.
was tranfcribed from the original draught.
Lord Clarendon fays very properly of it,
writing to Secretary Nichobs from Jerfcy,
" The letter to the Pope is, by your favour. Papers, vol. ii. p. 337.

" in that nice argument but what will bear
the light."
See Lord Chancellor Clarendon's State

' ■if*]

ilr

454

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES L

16*3.

Duke of Buckingham to King James .

I?!,

Dear Dad and GoflTip,
T T cannot but have been an infinite trouble to have written Co long

a letter and fo foon, efpecially at this painful time of your arms;
yet wi(h I not a word omitted, though the reading forced blufhes, de-
ferving them no better, neither is it fit I fhould ever difTemble with
my mafler. Wherefore I confefs truly I am not a jot forty for the
pains you have taken ; this might argue I love myfelf better than my
Maker, but my difobedience in this, with my humble obedience in
all my future anions, fhall witnefs the contrary ; and I can boldly fay
it is not in the power of your large bountiful hand and heart ever
hereafter either to increafe my duty and love to you, or to overvalue
myfelf as you do, by thinking it fit I fhould be fet fo far above my
fellows t- There is this diflFerence betwixt that noble hand and heart,
one may furfeit by the one, but not by the other, and fooner by
yours than his own ; therefore give me leave to flop, with mine, that
hand which hath been but too ready to execute the motions and af>
fedions of that kind obliging heart to me. As for that argument that
this can be no leading cafe to others, give me leave to fay, it is true
only in one (but that is a great and the main) point; for I grant that
I am more than confident, you will never love none of your fervants,
(I will be faucy here) better than Steenie ; thus it will be no leading.
But you cannot deny but it may be a precedent of emulation hereafter,
to thofe that fhall fucceed you, to exprefs as much love as you have done
to me; and I am fure they may eafily find many fitter fubjeds. So if
it be unfit in refpedt of the number, this way it will be increafed ; but
I maintain it is unfit in refped: there is not here, as in other places,

• This letter, plainly relating to Buckingham's being made a Duke, was cer:ajnly wiii
•from Spain. His ducal patent bore date May i8th, 1623.

f Here follows a line and a half blotted out.
8 a dif-

STATE PAPERS.

45^

a diIlin£lion betwixt Dukes and King's children: and before I make JAMES I.

" ' 1623.

a or a (lep to that parity between them and other fubjeds,

I'll difobey you, which is the mod I can fay or do. I have not fo
much unthankful nefs, to deny what your Majefty faith, that my
former excufe of the difproportion of my cftate is taken away } for
you have filled a confuming purfe, given me fair houfes, more land
than I am worthy of, to maintain both me and them, filled my coffers
fo full with patents of honour, that my flioulders cannot bear more ;
this I fay is ftill a great argument for me to refufe, but you have not
been contented to refl here, when I thought you had done more
than enough, and as much as you could * but hath found out a
way, which to my heart's fatisfa<f]lion, is far beyond all ; for with this
letter, you have furnifhed my cabinet with fo precious a witnefs of
your valuation of me, as in future times it cannot be faid* that i rifci
as mofl courtiers do, through importunity. For which character of
me, and incomparable favour from you» I will fign, with as cotk^
tentedy nay as proud a heart,

Yowr poor Stbenie,

as Duke of Buckingham.-

"f Prince Charles to the Duke of Buckingham,

STEENIEf.

T SEND you here inclofed the interrogatories that the King thinks
fit fhould be afked concerning the malicious accufations of the
Spanifh Arabaflador. As for the way, my father i* refolved (if
you do not gainfay it, and Ihow reafon to the contrary) to take the
oaths himfelf, and to make Secretary Calvert, and the Chancellor of

* Follows Jialf a line blotted.

^ The following letters were writ after the return of the Prince and the Duke to Engl^^

the

Ajtril 26tl).

45^

STATE PAPERS.

Si'j

f;;i

J A M E s I. (^Q Exchequer* to take the examinations in writing under their hands
that are examined ; thus much is by the King's command. Now
for my opinion* it is this, that you can incur no danger in this,
but by oppofmg the King's proceedings in it, to make him fuf-
pe£t that you have fpoken fomewhat that you are unwilling he
ihould hear of; for I cannot think that any man is fo mad* as to
call his own head in queftion, by making a lye againfl: you, when
all the world knows me to be your true friend, and if they tell
but the truth, I know they can fay but what the King knows,
that you have avowed to all the world, which is, that you think, as
I do, that the continuance of thefe treaties with Spain might breed
us much mifchief ; wherefore my advice to you is, that you do not
oppofe, or fhow yourfelf difcontented at the King's courfe herein,
for I think that it will be fo far from doing you hurt, that it will
make you trample under your feet, thofe few poor rafcals that are
your enemies. Now, fweetheart, if you think I am miftaken in my
judgment in this, let me know what I can do in this, or any thing
elfe, to ferve thee, And then thou ihalt fee that all the world ihall
daily know more and more, that I am and ever will be.

Your faithful loving conftant friend,

AprU 26th, 1624. ' "' ' ChARI.es, P.

Prince Charles to the Duke of Buckingham,

Steenie,

v.Hi :. y A,;

'HIS day the Lower Houfe has given the King a fubfidy, and
are likewife refolved to fend a meflage, humbly to entreat him
•to end this feffion before Chridmas. I confefs that this that they have
done, is not fo great a matter, that the King need to be indulgent over
them for it ; yet on the other fide (for his reputation abroad at this
time), I would not wholly difcontent them : therefore my opinion is,

that

STATE PAPERS.

457

Tliat the King (hould grant them a fcfllon at this time, but withal I JA'^'^-"' '•
would have him command them not to fpcak any more of Spain,
whether it be of that war, or my marriage.

This, in my opinion, does neither fuffer them to encroach upon
the King's authority, nor give them juft caufe of difcontentment :
I think you will find that all thofeof the Council that the King trulls
moft, are likewife of this mind. Sir Edward Cecil writ me a letter
from the army, of much Huff, but it was of fafliion; the moft of the
letter was of rcafons why the King (hould enter into a war for the
defence of the Palatinate, and truft no more treaties, but the end of
it was, that he might be employed in it. Now, in earncft, I wifli the
gentleman well, but yet I would not have Sir Horace Vere (who has
both endured fo much mifciy, and done fo good fervicc there), either
to be difcouraged or difgraced : therefore I think the King (hall do
well to employ Cecil, but I would not have him come over the other's
head. So praying you to commend my humble fervice to the King
I reft,

Yours more than can be exprefled,

and as much as can be thought,

Charles, P,

King James to the Duke of Buckingham,

My fweet dear child, fcholar, and friend,
CT. Paul thou knoweft commands us to examine ourfclvcs, before
we go to the facrament, but yet he commands to go and receive
it; fo though I put thee in mind to fpeak as thou promifed to the
Spanifli Agent, yet did furely exped thy coming here thir. ulgbr.
Thou may make the big rich man bring him hither to tlice, or thou may

3 N tiikc

34 -'r ^

M9i Ma
if.

458

STATE PAPERS.

J A M R s !► take occafion to go any day in this week to dine at Londoni and meet
c , — < with him there, if he cannot be brought to thee to-morrow morn-
ing, Alaa, fwcct heart, I find by this how prcciic thou art to keep thy
word to me, when thou prefers it to tliy own greateft comfort in
coming to me ; Cotl reward thee for it, but I muft quarrel thee, that
though in both my former letters I prayed thee to bring the
with thee, thou haft not fo much as fent me word whether they can
eonie or not ;, I wouM gladly have them here, but howe'cr it be, fail
not to be here thyfdf to-morrow, before fupper-iime. And fo God
bid's thee and all thine to the comfort of thy dear Dad.

James, R.

Your old Purveyor fends you a kid for your dinner to-morrow, and
thou (hall find another here.

Prince Charles to the Duke of Buckingham,

Steenie,
TJIS Majefty likes the lafl letter better than the firft, only it haa
two faults where the other has but one. In the firft it has only
this, that it binds his Majefty to a promife, that if any of his Ma-
jefty's Popifli fubjeds offend, he muft let the I'ope know of it before
lie puniih them, which ye may remember upon the inditing of the
letter his Majefty fays he ftuck upon ; and the fecond error in the nev/
letter is, that his Majefty wifties the Pope to expel the Jefuits by
order. Now, his Majefty leaves the ordinary form of doing it to the
Pope, by his own ordinary ways; his Majefty hath nothing ado
to teach him by what order to do it; he has likewife put in the lafl:
letter before the fubfcription, S.V. dcvot'ijfimiis \ whereas, in i)is Ma-
jefty's letter to the fornier Pope, there was nothing written but his^

Majefty*

STATE PAPERS.

T^lajcfty'a name. Ho likewifc, in one place at lead: of the fccond
letter, omits to jnit in Romanos after CatboUcos, Now, yc know, my
father liaa ever flood upon it, both by word and write, that he is 43
;good a Catholic as tlie Pope himfelf ; therefore fince ihcy take to theni-
felves the (Hie of Cathohc Roman, let them brook it a God's name,
he will not fcant them of a fyllable of it.. I will fpcak to Secretary
Conway for a pafs for Uobcrt Watfon, but by this yc may fee, that,
of neceflity, the letter mufl be written over again before his Majelty
can fign it, which he prays you that it may be done with all fpeed
poffible ; and as for your letter to the Cardinal, he likes very well of
it. As for the requeft ye make his Majcfly to delay his journey to
Royfton ; he fays ye play the part of a crafty courtier, that where
an inch is given you, yc would fain win a fpan ; for, in carneft, he
fays it will be far againft his heart to (lay at Theobalds, where he can
have no reception, but to doil up and <lown the park, for there is no
kind of field-hawking there; and befides, while the fcafon is ytt fweet
and hares of breath, his Majefty can with eafe begin that exerclfe,
which he cannot do fo well when it is later in the year ; and as for
your part, if ye fliall not be ready to go with him to Theobalds, ac-
cording to his many warnings of you, and your promife to him, he
can take no pleafure to be there, and he fays that ye abfolutely pro-
mifed to go with him at his back coming. As for my part, I hope
to be able to follow him quickly, howfoever I fliould be loth that he
ihould ftay for me ; his Majefty intends likewife to write to you to-
morrow morning. So in hafte I reft

Your faithful conftant loving friend,

Charles, P,

J AMF, S I.

♦ il

? -n

i^ '51

N 8

460

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.
162 \.

Duh of Buckingham to King yatncs.

Dear Dad and GofTip,
J^OTWIfHSTANDING this unfavourable interpretation f
llnd made of a tlmnkfitl and loyal heart, in calling my words
crude Catonic words, in obedience to your commands, I will tell the
Houfe of I'arliament, that you having been upon the fields this af-
ternoon, have taKen fuch a fierce rheum and cough, as not knowing
how you will be this night, you are not yet able to appoint them a
day of hearing 5 but I will forbr«ir to tell them, that, notwithftanding
of your cold,,you were able to fpeak with the King of Spain's inllru-
jTicnts, though not with your own fubjeds. All 1 can fay is, you
march llowly towards your owu fafcty, thofe that depend of you.
1 pray Cod at lafl you may attain to it, otherwife I Iball take little
comfort in wife or child, though now I am fufpedcd to look more
to ihc rifing fun, than my Maker.

Sir, hitherto I have tied mylclf ^i a pundual anfvvcr of yours; if
I flunild give myfclf leave to fpcak my own thoughts, they arc io
many, that though the quality of them fliould not gtievc you, coming
from one you wiUuIly and unjullly dc)c<n:, yet the number of them
are fo many, that I fliould not give over till I had troubled you ;
therefore I will tie myfelf to that, which fliall be my laft and fpccdy
refuge, to pray the Almighty lo incrcafc your joys, and (pialify th<:
foi rows of your MajrRy%

STATE PAPERS.

4««

1614.

Duke of Butkirtgham to King Jafnes^

' Dear Dad and GofTip,
A S nccefTity enforces me, inftead of repairing; to y6il, According
to yotir command, and my promirc, to go frtany miles froiti
you anothct" why, and confequently from tnyfclf ; all my pcrfedlelt
joys and pleafuk-es chiefly, nay frtlcly confiding ih atretiding yoiir
pcrfon ; fo methinks duty and good manners command rtie, on the
othtr part, to give you an account under my own hand, tholigh it
be yet fomethlng unflcady and weak. But before 1 give the reafons
of the change of my former rcfolution; there is a thing not much in
cxcrcifc now In the World, called thankfi'lncfs, that calls fo fart atid
carneflly upon me, that 1 muft firft, though I have already done it
by the aflTiflance of a young Nobleman called Baby Charles, whom
you likewifc by your good oflices made my friend, wlio, wii'iout
all doubt, hath already pcrfcdllicr made my thanks, than I fhall my-
fclf ; yet having the pen in my hand, I muft needs tell you what I
obfervc in your late abfent and public favour, but ancient inannc of
obliging your poor unworthy fcrvant, whereby I find you ftill one
and the fame dear and indulgent mafler you were ever to mc, never
being contented to overvalue, and love nic yourfelf, hat to labour all
manner of ways, to make the whole world do lb to mc. IkTuleR,
this alfurcs mc, you truft mc as ahlbkitcly as ever, largely exprcfl in
tliis, that you liuive no conceit of mv poptilaritv; othcrwifc, why
ihould you lIuiH finely to ci)clc;ir tnc with the Upper and Lower I loufc
of I'arliament, and i'o confc()iionily with your whole kin;i;doin ? All,,
and the Icafl: I can fay is this: That I naturally fo love your perion,
and, upon lo good experience and knowlec'gc, adore all y(un- other
p;irts, wliidv are more than ever one man had, that were not only
Vol. 1. 3 N 3 all

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469

STATE PAPE.RS.

r ^

JAMES ^. all your people, but all the world befides, fet together on one fide,
and you alone on the other, 1 fliould, to obey and pleafe you, dif-
pleafe, nay defpife all them ; and this fliall be ever my popularity.
Give me leave here, to ufe your own proverb, For this the devil
cone me no thanks*. The reafons of my going to Newhall are thefe,
Fird, I find bufinefs and the fight of bufy folk does me much harmi
and though your extraordinary care and watchful eye over me, would
keep them from fpeaking to me, yet in a court I mud needs look
many of them in the face. Then Theobalds houfe is now very hot,
and hath but few change of rooms; both inconvenient to a fick body.
Then my Lord of Warwick tells me, that, by experience, he hath
found Newhall air as good a one to ride away an ague, as any in
England, and that lately he lofl: one, by the benefit of that air: I
mean near hand, which I think will be all one. By this time, I fear
I have troubled you, and were it not that I write to you, I am fure I
fhould have wearied myfelf. I have now only one requeA to you ;
as vou firft planted me in your Baby Charles's good opinion, if you
think it fit for your fervice, in my abfence continue me in it. And
fo give me your bleffing.

Your Majefty's moft humble flave and dog,

Steenie.

* This is a rery different Rylt, from that in a rubfequeot leuer, where be takes the popa«
lar fide againS the King's,

one fiJci
you, dif-
opularity.
r the devil

are tUefe,
uch harm I
me, would
needs look
87 very hot,
a fick body,
ice, he hath
;, as any in

that air: I
time, 1 fear
1, I am fure 1
^ueft to you ;
)inion, if you

in it. And

log»

Steenie.

be takes the popu-

STATE PAPERS.

Duke of Buckingham to King James,

4^3

JAMTS I.

lt!Z.|..

Dear Dad and Gofllp,
'THROUGH I writ laft night, yet I thi.nk it not amifs to add one
word more, to exprefs myfelf more particularly. My Lord
Maxwell is arrived, and halh aflured me, having had it out of the
Pope's own mouth, that the difpenfation is granted free, and un-
elogged. He further adds, that after he had, in a rough manner,
fpoke with the Nuncio at Paris, infomuch that he told him he would
complain of him prefently in a letter to his Holinefs, he anfwered
him calmly thus, and with fome expreffion of fear, That he (hould
do it J that if he would but have a little patience, he would quickly
go through the bulinefs, and have no cauie to complain. All this I .
have told Fiatt, but under the rofe. I likewife told him you re-
proached to me, where is your glorious match with France and your ,
royal frank Monfieurs ? I told him alfo, I had order to fet a fliort day •
for the affembiing of the Parliament, and that you had commanded
me, if the Spaniilr Agent came to vilit me, that I fliould, upon pain of
your difpleafure, not only ufe him civilly, but kindly. He an-
fwered me impatiently and confufedly, What, cannot one make r
trial of gaining better and more advantageous conditions, without an
intention to break ? Whereupon I told him 1 did not think tliere was
one occafion, bcfides the ties of honour or honcfty, would qivc ihcin
leave ; but I was forry and alhaiued, that fo unfeafonably, after all
things was performed to their defire, nay more than they could have
imagined, witncfs the affillance of {hipping, the hearty profciTigns of
my mailer, as well by letter, as thoiij verbal compliments he feat
by Monficur La Rivlcie, and nov/, at the time when acknowledge-
ments at the lead:, if not requitals, fliould come, with greedy
gluttonous appetites to feek to furfcit on the forbidden tree, can rc-

5 ceivc

' I

464

STATE PAPERS.

^^^^1^ ^ cclve no cleanlier an interpretation, than to have come from an un-
realbnabie, unjuft, falfe and unmannerly appetite; and thus you
have ended avec bone boiicbe : but I thought in my mind fhitten
mouths. I pray you, Sir, do not kifs that word, nor bewray, for
want of bold and abfolute language, a good bufmefs. I ended with
Monfieur thus ; your mafler acknowledges he hath already the fub-
flance of what he defires, though I know the contrary. The Pope
is to receive fatisfad.ion, not from my matter but yours. Now
then let every man a£l: his own natural proper part. Spain muft
-really be cozened; let the Pope do that, fince he can as well
pardon himfelf, as all the world. The Pope feemingly muft be
cozened ; let France do that, -who hath the title of the moft Chriftian
King, and fo may the eafiiier obtain a pardon : my mafter will nei-
ther be cozened, nor cozen. Wherefore the moft Chriftian King muft,
moft confcionably, undertake to his Holinefs, for as much as may cozen
Spain, France, and Rome; who may not, for their union, be called
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft. Sir, I will weary your
patience with one word more, if you pleafe : treat as little as may be,
.and roundly let the Ambafllidor know, you fo much prize your ho-
nour, that neither in a circumftance, nor form, will you make an
alteration, and fet your Ambafl'adors a fettled, fhort, peremptory
^ay, for an anfwer ; if it prove good, I (hall be as foon ready to go
from hence, as it can be to come hither; if ill, then let your Ambaf-
fadors as fpeedily come away ; for never admit of new journies to
Rome, neither doth it need. I will end with Mall's compliment to
me ; Lord Father, I love you well. Lord Father I will die for you.
.So I crave your blefling, as

Your Majefty's moft humble flave and dog,

Steenie*.

ne
ai

" It would be endlefs to tranfcribe more was then depending, and conduced with as

ictters in this nauleous llyle betwixt the King little regard to dignity and true policy, as

^nd his favourite; there are feveral in an in- that with Spain.^
decent one. The negociation with France

\in-
yoa

litten

r, for
with

e fub-

: Pope
Now

n muft

s well

luft be

hriftian

vi!l nel-

tg muft*

ay cozen

ae called

try your
may be,
•our ho-
make an
•emptory
idy to go

|r Ambaf-
lurnies to
(liment to
for you.

EENIE*.

STATE PAPERS.

465

JAMES I.
1624.

Duke of Buckingham to King James,

Dear Dad and Goffip,
T HAVE fent Watt Montague this morning into France, with

the copy of thofe things you refolved'of with the French Ambaf-
fador, that our Ambafladors may no more complain for want of
timely advertifements. The Spanifli Agent will be with me, be-
fore I can have well ended this letter. Gundemar's man was with
me this morning; the difcourfe I had with him, I am fure will not
only be pleafing to you, but make you laugh. The moft part of
the morning I fpent with the French Ambaflador, and yet could not
make an end; wherefore, he hath earneftly intreated me to ftay this
day in town, as likewife to fee the difpatch he will fend into France.
He makes no queftion of an anfwer from thence anfwerable tJ your
heart's defire. I confefs I believe it, and the rather becaufe I know
they dare do no otherwife, and am fure you now begin to laugh
in your fleeve, to fee yourfelf fo courted of all fides, that all their
anions turn to your advantage.

Dear Dad, fince I cannot come to-night, let this hafty letter give
thanks for that true, favourable, and moft afi^edionate interpretation
of my flaying here : and God never relieve me when I have moft
need, if it be not a feparating of myfelf, when 1 am from you,
and in lieu of having comfort, and my heart's eafe by you to ferve
you, I give myfelf nothing but trouble and vexation.

Your Majefty's moft humble flave and dog,

Steenie,

■ * i ?i

-v.:

t,'i?

m
il

kuSed with as
lue policy, lis

i .-■

466

JAMES I.

1624.

STATE PAPERS.

Duke df Euck'mghmn to Kin:g yaines^

Dear Dad and Goflip,
"LJ A VING more bufinefs than was fk le tnouble you Tvith ia a»
letter, I was ouce rdblved to have wartcd on you myfelf, {sue
prefeutly canae to me the news of .the Spanish Ambaflador's going;
to you, which hatli, diverted this refolution at this lime, becaufe \
will not increafe that in you of which I have already found too-
much; and that I will not let the Ambaflador himfclf think, that
you are diftrufted, though this gives enough and too much to your
people. I have, to eafe your labour, writ fome things to my Lord of
Arran, by whom I likewife expe<ft my anfwer. Only I will trouble
yourfelf with this, that I befeech you to fend me your plain and re-
folute anfwer, whether, if your people fo refolve to give you a royal
affiftance, as to the number of fix fubfidies zwd fifteenths, with a pro-
mife after, in cafe of neceffity, to affift you with their lives and for-^
tunes ; whether then you will not accept it, and their counfel, to break,
the match with the other treaties ;. and whether or no, to bring them
to this, I may not aflfure fome of them uriderhand, becaufe it i»
feared, that when your turns are ferved, you will not call them,
together again to reform abufes, grievances, and the making of laws
for the good government of the country, that you will be fo far
from that, that you will rather weary them with it, dcfirii^g no-
thing more than their loves antl happincfs, in which your own ifr
included. Sir, I befeech you think fcrioufly of this, and refolve
once conftantly to run one way. For fo long as you waver betweea
the Spaniards and your fubjecfls, to make your advantage of both^
you are fure to do it with neither.

I fliould for my own contentment (though I am fure I do youi
fome fervice liere, and would be able, if you would deal heartily

1 .and

STATE paper!

467

far
no-

Nti ifr
"olve

ween

30th»

and openly with me, to do more), wait upon you oftener, but JAMES i.
that you going two ways, and myfclf only one, it occafions fo
many difputes, that till you be once refolved, I think it is of more
comfort and eafe to you, and fafer for me, that I now abide away.
For to be of your opinion, would be flattery, and not to fpeak
humbly mine own, would be treachery; therefore I will, at this
time, with all the induflry of my mind, ferve you here, and pray
for the good fuccefs of that, and the kngthening of your days, with
jiU th« aiFedlons of his foul, that will live and die a lover of you.

Your Majefty*8 moft humble flave and dog,

^TEENIE*.

il^baf follows is all ivritten ivitb the Duke of Buck'mghanis own

hand.

That you did not mean to put a fcorn upon them, to call for their
advice, and then to rejed it, if they give royal affiftance with it. ^

Firft, to give them thanks for their uniform ofFer of advice.

Then to take notice ef their careful proceedings in the Lower
Houfe. I .

That you do not defire to engage them in their gift, till you be
declared anent their advice.

And if you be engaged into a war by their advice, you mean not
to hearken to a peace, without firfl: hearing them.

And that they may fee your fmcere dealing with them, you will
be contented that they chufe a committee to fee the ilTuing out of
the money they give, for the recovery of the Palatinate, in cafe you
accept their advice.

• This is a remarkable letter, and the only been wilt about March or April 16:4. It
one in the popular ftrain I ever met with of fliews the old Kiiig't avorlcnel'. to a cjiiiinc!
the Duke of Buckingham'*. It rauft have with Spain.

3 O u Then

11^

.11

468

JAMES r.

STATE PAPER Si

Then to fhow them that this is the fitteft time that ever prefented
itfelf to make a right undcrftanding between you and your people f*

And you alTurc yourfelf, their behaviour will fo continue as they
have begun towards you; that they fhall fee, by proof, how far
you will be in love with parliaments for making of good law8>
and reforming of abufca. . , . . ,

-■rw)

Duke of Buckitighatn to King Jatmu.

Dear Dad and Goffip,
"DEC A USE the fenfe and thankfulnefs of my heart, for your
excellent melons, pears, fugared beans, and aflurance of better
fruit planted in your bofom than ever grew in Paradlfe, will beft
appear in my humble obedience of your commands, I thought it
fitteft to delay the anfwer of your kind letter, till I might give you
a full account of all it contained. By this time, I hope, Mr. Secre-
tary hath told you, I miftook not the Ambaflador, but he his own
language; but before I could difpatch with him, the day was fo far
fpent, that night accompanied me to Newhall: but this morning I
have firft agreed with Mr. Jennings, who is the fitteft man we could
have chofen for this bufmefs, and hath aflured me that what is pro-
jeiled, I dare not fay in this, but as in all other things, refolved of,
till you fay content, will be foon done, eafy, cheap, and without
hindering deer, fow, or man, of free paflage. The particulars I
referve till I may demonftrate it, upon the map or place; but in the
mean time, Mr. Jennings will be preparing the ground, the trees, and
all other neceflary things, fo that there fliall be no time loft, till yoa
be acquainted with all, and pleafed with it. Now for my own park.

f Here^follows two lines blotted out.

I have

1-?

ecre-
own

b far

ing I

could
pro-
d of,
thout
ars I
n the
and
II yoa
park,

have

STATE PAPERS.

4^9

I have found this morning another fine wood that muft go in with •'"^fjl;^ ^'

the reft, and two hundred acres of meadows, broom, clofes, and

plentiful fprings running through them ; fo that I hope Newhall

park fliall be nothing inferior to Burleigh. My flags are all lufty,

my calf bald, and others are fo too. My Spanifh colts are fat, and

fo is my jovial filley. Mall, Great Mall, Kate, Sue, and Steenie,

fhall all wait of you on Saturday, and kifs both James's and

Charles's feet. To conclude, let this letter affiire you, that the laft

words I fpoke to you are fo true, that I will not only give my word

for them, fwear upon the Holy Evangelifts, but take the blcffcd

facrament upon them. So craving your blefling I rcfl:

Your- Majefty's moft humble flave and dog,

Stehnie.

- Baby Charles, I kifs thy warty hands.

Duke of Buchingham to King James,

Dear Dad and Go flip,
T DO not know what fault I have made of late, that you flioufd
take fo cruel a revenge of me, as to put me in the fear your laft
but one letter did. I am too far behind- hand to let the quarrel reft
fo, though in your laft you made a propofition full of afFedion, if
I may call it by fo fancy a name. You are now in the place I love,
therefore, for that refpeft, I will now forbear you, but when off of
that ground, look to yourfelf. I hope to have the happinefs to-
morrow to kifs your hands, therefore I will not fend you the letter
you writ to the Pope, which I have got from Secretary Calvert.
"When he delivered it to me, he made this requeft, that he hoped
your Majefty would as well truft him in a letter you were now to

write

ill

i.i

.1 liM

V'ii^

Jd^ii

'iV ':!!

470

STATE PAPERS.

lilj

•'•'\",';^ '■ ^^^■'*'^» *^ y*^" '^'*^ heretofore in the former. I did what T could to
ditlcmblc it ; but when there was no means to do it, I thought bcft
to fcem to truft him abfolutely, thereby the better to tie him to
fcorecy *. If this be a lie, as I am fure it is, then you may begin
to iliink, tliat, with a little more ftock, I may cry quittance. So I
crave your bleffing.

Your Maje{!y*s. mod humble flave and dog,

Steenie.
A million of thanks for your good melons and pears.

i^'i

Duke of Buckingham to King James,

Dear Dad and Goflip,
T N one of your letters you have commanded me to write fhortly,
and merrily. I Ihall ever, and in all things, obey you. I humbly
thank you for making your commands eafy to be obeyed in thefe
two particulars ; and fo you preferve the laft fo, ftill the firft hath
been fo rivetted with what is pad, that no time to come can alter
,it. How can I but write merrily, when he is fo I love heft, and
! beyond all the world ? I fhall love the poor fellow's face the better
for it while I live, for relating it with fuch joy. And for my writ-
ing (hort, why fliould I ever write otherwife, when all I can fay
muft be fhort of what I ihould fay and do, you have fo infinitely
obliged me ? therefore I will, nay I mufl: be (hort. I have left off
phyfic; I will wait of you by the day appointed. I had Jennings
-with me about Theobalds park. All is well, and goes on bravely ;

• Secretary Calvert refigned foon after, entrufted with a fecret correfpondonce Jbe-
anJ turned Papift; his fucceflbr was Sir A. tween his Matter and the Pope.
Morton. No wonder he ihould wilh to be

And

*iJ

STATE PAPERS.

uld to

t bcft

lim to

begin

Sol

471

NIC.

and Co is your Baby Charles, whom I hope to wait of down. This J^J^^P^ ^'
mclofed will give you an account of the Dunkirkcr's fliips. By
this Uitle paper you will undcrftand a fuit of fine Hollands. By the
other parchment, a fuit of my Lord Prefident's. Of all do but what
you pleafe, fo you give me your blefling, which I mud never be de-
nied, fmcc I can never be other than

Your Majcfly's moft humble (lave and dog,

Stlenie.

Duke of Buckingham to King yames.

?:•!

ftiortly,
lumbly
thefe
a hatli
an alter
eft, and
better
writ-
can fay
ifinitely
left off
ennings
)ravely ;

idence Jbe-

Bear Dad and Goflip,
'T^ HOUGH I have received three or four letters from you fince
that I writ lafl: to you, yet as Tom Badger fays, I am not
behind-hand with you, for I have made a hundred anfwers to them
in my mind ; for kinder letters never fervant received from mafter ;
and for fo great a King to dcfcend fo low, as to his humblcft flave
and fervant to communicate himftlf in fuch a flileofgood fdlow-
fliip, with exprcflions of more care than fervants have of mafters,
than phyficians have of their patients (which hath largely appeared
to me in fickncfs and in health), of more tendcrncfs than fathers
have to children, of more fiicndfliip than between equals, of more
aiTedion than between lovers in the befl kind, man and wife,
what can I return ? Nothing but filence; for, if I fpeak, I muflbc
faucy and fay thus, or ihort of wliat is due: my purveyor, my
good- fellow, my phyfician, my maker, my friend, my father, my
all; I heartily and humbly thank you for all you do, and all I
have. Judge what unequal language this is in itfelf, but efpecially

confidcririg;

t;p^

'■■nf;

47*

STATE PAPERS.

Mi!

)AVi*s I. confiderlng the thing that muft fpeak it, and the perfon to whom
w— v-~-^ it muft be fpokcn. Now tell me whether I have not done dif-
crcetly to be lilent all this while. It is time I (hould be fo again*
or elfe commit a fault in wearying him that never wearies to do good.
Then thus I'll end. I begin my journey to-morrow. I (hall have
the Prince to wait of. We (hall be at Theobalds. The one will
hunt hinds and does ; the other furvey the trees* walks, ponds, and
deer. The next day after, lay ourfelves at your feet, there crave
your blefling, then give an account of Theobalds park to the beft
of man, though not of the kind of man, yet made by man more
than man, like a man, both artificial man, and my moft natural
fovercign, who by innumerable favours hath made me

Vour Mpjefty's both humble flave and dog,

Steenie,

STATE PAPERS.

473

No. XXVII.

JAMBS I.
1613.

7'he Spanijh Match continued.

The Earl of Bri/lors Letters, From the

"^ originals i«

the Paper

(So much pains was taken by the Duke of Buckingham and his party, °®'*'
both at the end of King James's reign, and the beginning of his
fucceflbr's, to throw blame on the Earl of Briftol's condud, that
it is but juft to lay before the Public, what that Nobleman had to
offer in his own vindication. The Reader will find a manly and
clear ftyle in his difpatches, far fuperior to that of his correfpond-
ents in office ; and will not hefitate to pronounce him much bet-
ter qualified for a fird Minifler, than the infolent and capricious
Favourite, or the infufficient Secretary. The Reader may comparq
the private apology of Lord Briftol to King James, with the ar-
ticles he gave into the Houfe of Lords againft the Duke of Buck-
ingham, and his anfwer to the articles preferred againft himfelf
by the Attorney General. The abrupt diflbluiion of that Parlia-
ment put an end to the procefs.]

Earl of Brijlol to Secretary Calvert,

Right Honourable,

ON Monday the 29th of September, Jl. vet. my Lord Ambaf- oaober i,
fador, and the Cardinal Capata, and the other Counfellors of
State, together with all the v\rhole houfehold which had waited on the
Prince to St. Andero, returned hither ; having received all great con-
tent in the entertainment which was given there aboard, and much
admiring the fhips, but taken with nothing more than with the

3P princely

I 111

■I

'if 'i'i,

474

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES
1623.

6 f? '

^' pr'nccly carriage of his Ilighnefs towards them ; which I can fafely
fay unto you, without flattery, hath been generally fuch, as never any
Prince that went out of his country, gained fo much upon the affec-
tions of a ftrange people, as his Highnefs hath done here ; whereof
the extraordinary great liberality and bounty which he hath ufed, hath
not been the leaft caufe ; which he was pleafcd, at his embarking, much
to enlarge, by giving order, that the gifts and rcivards of all thofe
which had attended him in his journey, fliould be double the value
of what was firft appointed for them ; a note of all which, when I
fliall have perfected the lift, I will fend unto his Highnefs, and to
yourfelf. We have found fome difficulty in taking up of monies;
but I fliall, God willing, fee it pundually pciformed to his High-
nefs's honour.

The King, fmce his Highnefs's departure, hath many ways ex-
prcfTed his love and afFedion towards him, of which, in my parti-
cular, I have had experience ; who, upon occafion of bufmefs,have not
need, according to the ufual manner, and as all other Ambaffadors
do, to crave audience of him, but, by a fpecial and unufual favour,
have at all times free accefs unto him, giving only notice to fome
gentleman of the chamber, of my being there, and of my attend-
ance ; the which grace and favour my Lord Ambaflador Sir Walter
Afton likewife, fince his return, enjoyeth. On Tuefday the 7th of
this prefcnt month, Jlc 'vet. my Lord went hence to the Efcurial,
whither it plcafed this King, upon occafion of fome bufmefs which
offered in the treaty of the Palatinate, to fend for us, who had re-
moved thither fome few days before a la hrama^ it being ufual with
him at this fcafon, when the ftags come down to rutt from the
mountains, to pafs fome time in hunting there. We were no fooner
come thither, which was the next day before dinner, but we were
prcfcntly carried by the Conde of Olivarcs, up to the King in his
bed-chamber, where we found him without his cloak, and in the
fame manner as he ufeth to be fceu of fuch of his fcrvants only aa

are

STATE PAPERS.

are near about his perfon, and were received ot" him wllh cxtiaor- J
dinary frecneO and affability : he being plcafed to fay, that now, lor
that he accounted the Prince's Highnefs to be his brother, he would
not treat us as Ambafladors, but as of his houfehold. We were fcaRcd
at dinner by the Mayor Domo, and accompanied by divers gentle-
men of the chamber. After dinner, the King took us abroad ia
his own coach, in which he had no other with him, but only Don
Carlos his brother, and the Condc of Olivarcs, and fo carried us to
the Campillo, a place well-known to his Highnefs, where we faw him
kill four ftags, and afterwards returned fomewhat late, well nigh an
hour within night, to the Efcurial, where we were entertained and
lodged in the King's houfc. The next morning, it was the King's
pleafure that we fliould go forth by ourfclvcs to hunt in the woods
not far diftant from the houfe, where we killed each of us a ftag,
and coming back to the Efcurial, were admitted that day to fee the
King dine. Which particulars, although they will feem no great
matter in England, where they are things of ordinary courfe, yet I can
afl'ure you, they are thought ftrange here, and efteemed extraordinary
graces.- fuch as of which, I dare boldly fiiy, they have not feen any
former examples.

This being only to acquaint you with thefe particulars, deferring
all matter of bufincfs to the other difpatchcs, I commit you to
God's blcficd protc^ion, and with the remembrance of my love and
fervice to you, I reft,

Your's, &c.
^^'"'"J' Bristol.

475

A AT E S I,

I-

3 ^"' -^

■nm

476

STATE PAPERS.'

JAMES I.
1623.

Earl of Brijlol to the King.

May it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty,
Aagt. 29th. A LTHOUGH, by my other letters, I have given your Majefty
a full account of all things that pafled exteriorly betwixt this
King and his Highnefs upon his departure; yet fince the further
purfuing of your Majefly's bufineires is now left unto myfelf and Sir
Walter Afton, I think it my duty to reprefent truly unto your Ma-
jefty, in what ftate they now (land; to the end that hereafter I may
give your Majefty a more juftifiable account of my proceedings, and
your Majefty, being truly and rightly informed of the truth, may the
better dired and command what (hall be fitteft for your fervice.

Firft, concerning his Highnefs's Match, thus it ftandeth. Upon
the arrival here of this Pope's approbation of thofe few articles which
were laft fent into Rome, this King is by powers left with him by the
Prince to marry per nxerha de prafenti the Infanta, which he is con-
tented to capitulate Ihall be within ten days after the arrival of the
faid approbation ; and, in the interim^ the Infanta is here ftiled by
the name of Princejfa de Ingaltierra^ and in all things efteemed as
his wife betrothed; and in that quality carrieth herfelf towards all.

As touching the temporal articles; they were begun to be treated
of fo near the departure of the Prince, that there had been but only
one meeting and conference concerning them fince the Prince his
arrival, which was only two days before his highnefs's going. And
then there was on all fides fo much to do, that it was not poflible to
bring any or them to a conclufion ; but, God willing, prefently upon
the return of the King and his Minifters to the town, we will re-
fume the treaty where I had formerly left it, and hope to give his
Highnefs fome good account of if '^cfore his going out of Spain {if
it be not hindered by his Highnefs carrying fome of the Commiffi-

. oners

STATE PAPERS.

477

Vlajefty
ixt this
further
and Sir
ur Ma-
r I may
gs, and
may the
ce.

Upon
2S which
n by the
; is con-

oners along with him to the fea-fide), or unto your Majefty, fpeedily JAMES L
after the return to Madrid. u -,-..,^

As touching the bufinefs of the Palatinate; there have been feveral
conferences and meetings about it, and it feemeth to be brought to
this iffiie, that, upon your Majefty's condefcending that the Prince
Palatine's eldeft Ion may be bred in tho Emperor's Court, wiih the
other conditions of fubmiffion which have ever been offered, they are
contented that there be a full reftitution made of all his territories,
both of the Upper and Lower Palatin.ue, together with the Dignity
Eledoral } but hereunto they would fufpend his prefent admiffion,
not by way of abfolute exclufion, but to be reflored thereunto, upon
his future good behaviour, and your Majefty's p.nd the King of
Spain's farther intercefllon. But againft this there hath been abfo-
lute proteftation made, for the reafons which I have prefumed to fet
down in writing, and have now fent them unto Mr. Secretary Cal-
vert, to prefent them imto your Mvijefty. But, God willing, w€
fhall prefently refume his treaty, and your Majefty (hall have a faith-
ful account thereof.

Concerning, the bufinefs of Holland, wherein I received fbme late
dlredlions by your Majefty's letters of the 20th of July, directed unto
my Lord of Buckingham and myfelf, I conceive it is not yet feafon-
able any way to ftir in it; and I muft here, like a faithful and much
obliged fervant unto your Majefty, prefume to deal freely and clearly
with you, that if your Majefty's great and hign wifdom find not
means to compound and accommodate what is now out' of order,
.'dthough I conceive it not to be doubted, but that the match v.'ill, in
the end, proceed, yet your Majefty will find yourfelf fruftrated of
thofe effeds of amity and friend ftiip, which by this alliance you ex-
pedted. For the truth is, that this King and his Minifters are grown
to have fo high a diflike againft my Lord Duke of Buckingham, and,
on the one fide, to judge him to have fo much power with your Ma-
jefty and the Prince, and on the other fide, to be fo ill affeded to ■

them

li-l

'!---i

478

STATE P

V E R S.

JAMES I. them and their affairs, that, if ynir Majefty fliall not be pleafed in
^. ■•»-■ — • your vvirdom, either to find fomc means of reconciliation, or elfe to let
them fee and be allured that it Ihall no way be in my Lord of Buck-
ingham's power to make the Infanta's life lefs happy unto her, or
any way to crofs and embroil the affairs betwixt your Majefties and
your kingdoms ; I am afraid your Majefty will fee the effeds which
you have juft caufe to exped from this alliance to follow but
flowly, and all the great bufmeffes, now in treaty, profper but ill.
For I muft, for the difcharge of my confcience and duty, without de-
fcending to any particulars, let your Majcfly truly know, that fufpi-
cions and diftaftcs betwixt them all here, and my Lord of Bucking-
ham, cannot be at a greater height. This I fet down unto your Ma-
jefty, only to lay truth before you, which, if any refpedt in the world
fhould make me forbear, I fliould judge myfelf unworthy of life,
efpecially in a bufinefs of fo great confequence; in the profpcrous and
fuccefsfid conclufion whereof, I conceive the greateft part of the quiet
and happincfs of your Majefty's life is like to confifl. So, having
given unto Mr. Secretary Calvert an account of all your Majefty's
bufmeffes, I prefume not to trouble you any farther ; but, with my
humble prayers to God for your Majefty's health and profperity, I
recommend your Majefty to his moft holy protedlion. And reft.

Your Majefty's moft luimblc, and moft

faithful fervaat and fubjed,
Bristol.

Madrid,

Auguft 29th, i63y j!". let.

R .1

STATE PAPERS.

lHje Same to the Same,

479

JAMES I'
1623.

!«■

May It pleafe your moft excellent Majefty,

T Prefumed, in a former letter, in the dtfcharge of the duty of a Sept. ptlu

faithful fervant, to fet down unto your Majefty, how much pre-
judice I conceived might come unto your Majefty's fervice, by the
high diftaftes grown betwixt them here and my Lord Duke of Buck-
ingham, if by your Majefty's wifdom it were not prevented.

That letter I wrote upon his Highnefs's departure from Madrid;
fince I followed the Prince unto the Efcurial, being left behind a day
for the difpatch of bufinefs. There I found the former diftaftes be-
twixt the Duke and the Conde of Olivares grown to a public pro-
fefled hatred, and an irreconcilable enmity ; but for the Prince, I
cannot but let your Majefty underftand, that, from the higheft to the
loweft, he hath left all men's hearts fet upon him ; and the leave
taking betwixt the Prince and the King was with as great profeftion
of love and affeftion as could be, whereof I was a witnefs, being inter-
preter betwixt them ; and prcfently fet down the effetH: of their fpeeches
in writing, which I have fent unto Mr. Secretary Calvert, together
with the copies of the King of Spain's letter, written that night unto
the Prince, all with his own hand, in confirmation of what he had
faid, and the Prince his anfwer thereunto; whereby your Majefty
will fee how their hearts ftand one towards another, and how likely
it is, that all your great affairs will in the end have good fuccefs, if
they be not, by the pafTions of the Minifters of the one fide or the
other, interrupted. I fhall not prefume to lay blame on any, but I
fhall faithfully labour and take care that other men's faults and errors
may not have fuch refle^Stioa upon your Majefty's affairs, as that
thereby they may be hazarded.

s I well

m*:\

•>».

480

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.
1623.

! i;

{I'M

I well know how long your Majefty hath treated this bufinefs, and
how great things your Majefty hath done for the bringing of it to
efFed. And queftionlefs, the fame motives and conveniences for
making of this alliance and friendfhip with Spain, which were, are
ftill on foot ; and to them is added \he fatisfadion which I fuppofe
his Highnefs hath of the Infanta's perfon, and the good fuccefs of them
more afTured than ever, and the time prefixed. So that I hope all
thofe accidents which ordinarily fall out at the interview of Princes,
wherein difference of cuftom or religion may raifediftaftes, the emu-
lation which groweth between their chief fervants and Minifters,
whereby often the affairs of their Matters are difordered and hazarded,
will, by your Majefty 's great wifdom and prudence, be fo tempered and
moderated, that they may caufe no difturbance either in the alliance,
or the effeds which are to be expeded from it. I prefume to write
thus much unto your Majefty, for that I conceive through the fear-
city of the place, the negligence of officers, and the humour of the
Spaniards, the Prince his fervants may return home with little fatis-
faftion ; yet, as on the one fide, thefe omiffions have little relation
to your Majefty's great affairs, fo I dare fay, that the King of Spain,
(who I hope will, in the match and all other things, give your Ma-
jefty good fatisfadion) cannot but be forry to fee it wanting in thefe
petty circumftances, wherein I know there hath not been wanting in
this King, all polTible care for the preventing of them; although the
faults of officers, and the fterilnefs of the country by which the Prince
is to pafs, I guefs will fend the whole company home, with many
juft caufes of complaint ; but I am confident that neither that, nor
any other perfonal milunderftandings whatfoever, will be of power to
put any difturbance in your Majefty's high and important affairs.

For all other particulars, I have given an account of them unto
Mr. Secretary Calvert, fo that I fhall not prefume to give your
Majefty any further trouble, but with my humble prayers to God

for

'rince

many
nor

wer to

lirs.
unto
your

o God
for

STATE PAPERS.

481

for the increafe of all happinefa and profperity unto your Majefty, J^^f ^ ^'

I humbly recommend your Majefty to God's holy protedion, and

reft,

Your Majefty's, &c.

Madrid, the 19th of Sept.

1623,^". vet. .

Bristol.

T6e Same to the Same.

May It pleafe your Majefty,

Y my coufin Simon Digbye I gave your Majefty an account of Sept. 24111.
all that pafled here, upon the Prince's departure, and that,
according to what was capitulated, his highnefs had left powers for
the marryiixg of the Infanta, fter verba de prtsfentU which powers
were made to the King and his brother Don Carlos, but left with
me, to be delivered upon the arrival of the Pope's approbation, and
fo declared to be his Highnefs's pleafure before all the King's Mini-
fters that were prefcnt at the folemn a£ls of pafling the Prince
his powers unto the King. Since his Highnefs's departure, I have
received commandment from his Highnefs, not to make delivery of
the faid powers, until his Highnefs fliall be fatisfied what fecurity
may be given him that the Infanta will not become a religious wo-
man, after the betrothing, and that I expert his further pleafurf*
therein, as your Majefty will fee by the copy of his Highnefs's let-
ter unto me, which I prefume to fend unto your Majefty, as like-
wife the anfwer which in that point I make unto his Highnefs, to
the end your Majefty may have perfed information of the whole
eftate of the bufinefs. For that I conceive the temporal articles are
fo far agreed, that I hope to give your Majefty an account of them
within few days, and to your content; and the bufinefs, after fo

3 Q^ many

'^4

^ii

, 1

.,r

\ii|

! t'

-, '•

' ^'"'Iff

\ 41

• ■■Si

if^i

'^m

i'!

■M

■•Ik

,y-i

<i^S

1 t ml

482

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES r. many tvthi, brought to that eftate, that, I am confident, there will^
not be any failing in any point capitulated betwixt your Majefty or
his Highnefs, but all will be puniftually performed. I conceive
your Majefly (continuing your defire of the match) would be loth
to have the fair way it is now in tobe clogged or interrupted by any
new accident or jealoufy that may be raifed ; for queftionlefs there
is no fecurity in that particular, that can on his Highnefs 's part be
required, that they will refufe him. And I muft further let your
Majefty underftand, that the firft of the temporal articles is, that
the defpoforios fliall be within ten days after the arrival of the Pope's
approbation, which is hourly expeded : fo that I muft deal like a
faithful fervant with your Majefty. If upon the coming of the Pope's
approbation, it being capitulated that the defpoforios fhall be within
ten days after the arrival of it, I fhould withhold the powers, and
they underftand that it is by a fecret order of the Prince's, there
being a claufe in the faid powers, that the Prince fhall no ways,
either in part or whole, revoke the faid powers, or detraft from
them, but that they fliall be in force until Chriftmas; 1 fear your
Majefty will find your bufinefs much difturbed and retarded by it»
And therefore I am an humble fuitor unto your Majefty and the
Prince, if you would have things go on in that fair way (I now
fuppofe them to be in), that a poft may be inftantly difpatched
back unto me, authorizing me to deliver the faid powers upon the
arrival of the approbation, and, having taken fitting fecurity, in this
particular point, of the Infanta's not entering into religion after her
betrothing. And I hold it infinitely convenient that this be done
with all poflible fecrecy aud fpeed, and that the Spanifli Am-
bafladors come not to any knowledge that ever any ftay was made
of the delivery of the powers. And if, in the interim, the approbation
come, I doubt not but, for twenty or twenty-four days, to find other
fair pretexts of deferring the oefpoforioi\ and herein I beg your
Majefty 's refolutioa with all fpeed poflible. ,

I hope

STATE PAPERS.

48,

I hope that in two days Mr. Secretary Cottington will be able to J A M E s i.
Lcgin his journey towards England. He will give your Majefty an
exa<£l account of all your bufineiTes here, and fuch a one, as I con-
ceive, your Majefty will be glad to hear. Your Majefty may there-
fore be pleafed to fufpend any refoiution in them until you have
heard him. And fo with my prayers for the increafe of all happi-
nefs unto your Majefty, I humbly, &c.

Your Majefty 's, &c.

W idrid, the 24th of Sept. BRISTOL.

1621, fi". vet.

The Same to the Same,

May it pleafe, 8cc.
T HAVE received your Majcfty's letters of the 8th of O^lober, oa. 24th,

on the 2rft of the fame, fome hours within night, and have
thought it fit to difpatch back unto your Majefty with all poffible
fpeed, referring the anfwer to what your Majefty hath by thefe
letters commanded me, to a poft that I fhall purpofely difpatch when
I fhall have negociated the particulars with this King and his Mini-
fters ; wherein, God willing, all poffible difpatch (hall be ufed.

But forafmuch as I find, both by your Majefty *s faid letters, as
likewife by letters which I have received from the Prince's High-
nefs, that you continue your de fires of having the match proceeded
in, I held it my duty that your Majefty fhould be informed, that al-
though I am fet free, in as much as concerneth the doubt of the In-
fanta's entering into religion, for the delivering the powers left with
me by his Highnefs, yet by this new diredion I now receive from
your Majefty, that the defpofonos ftiould be deferred until Chrift-
mas, the faid powers are made altogether ufelefs and invalid, it be-
• 3 Q^^ ins

• I :i

-I*

484

STATE PAPERS.

if'

14 I'

l^'

JAMES r. ing a claufe in the body of the faid powers, that they fhall only
\_ . _f remain in force till Chriflmas, and no longer, as your Majcfty will
fee by the copy of them, which I fend here inclofed. Your Ma-
jefty, I conceive, will be of opinion, that this fufpending of the
execution of the powers, until the force and validity of them be ex-
pired, is a diredl and efFedual revoking of them, which not to do,
how far his Highnefs is in honour engaged, your Majefty will be
beft able to judge, by viewing the powers themfelves. Further, if
the date of thefc powers do expire (befides the breach of the capi-
tulations), although the match itfelf fhould not by jealoufies and
miftrufts be hazarded, yet the Princefs's coming at the Spring into
England, will be almoft impoffible. For by that time new commif-
fions and powers fhall be (after Chriftmas) granted by the Prince,
which muft be to the fatisfadion of both parties, I conceive fo much
'of the year will be fpent, that it will be impoffible for the fleets and
other preparations to be in a readinefs againft the Spring. For i:; is
not to be imagined that they will here proceed cfFeitually with their
preparations, until they fhall be alTured of the defpojoriosy efpecially
when they fhall have fcen that, feveral times, deferred on the Prince's
part, and that, upon pretexts tliat are not new, nor grown fince the
granting of the powers, but were before in being, and often under
debate^ and yet were never infilled upon to make iUy of the bufi-
nefs ; fo that it will feem that they might better luive hindered the
granting of them then, than the exeeutionof them now, if there were
no ftaggering in former refolutions, the which although really there
is not, yet cannot it be but fufpeded, and the clearing of it between
Spain and England will cofl much time. I muft humbly crave your
Majefty's pardon if I write unto you with the plainnefs of a true-
hearted and faithful fervant, who have ever co-operated honeftljt
unto your Majefty's ends, if I knew them. I know your Majefty
hath long been of opinion that the greateft affiarance you could get^
that the King of Spain: would efFeftually labour the entire reftitu-

STATE PAPERS.

485

only
y wiU
r Ma-
)f the
le ex-
to do,
nil be
her, if
; capi-
es and
ig into
Dmmif-
Prince,
much
ets a'ld
For 1^ is
th their
ipecially
Prince's
ince the
n under
he bufi-
:red the
;re were
ly there
letween
,ve your
a true-
loneflly
Majefty
uld get,-
reftitu-
tioa

tion of the Prince Palatine was, that he really proceeded to the J ^ ''jj- ^ ^•

cfFeiling of the match ; and my inftrudions under your Majcfly's ' -— — '

hand were, to infift upon the rcftoring of the Prince Palatine, but
not fo a3 to annex it to the treaty of the match, as that thereby the
match (h.ould be hazarded ; for that your Majefty feemed confident,
they here would never grow to a perfect conclufion of the match,
without a fettled refolution to give your Majefty fatisfadion in the
bufinefs of the Palatinate. The fame courfe I obfervcd in the car-
riage of the bufinefles by his Highnefs and my Lord Duke, at thcii-
being here; who, though they infilled on the bufincrs of the r'alati-
nate, yet they held it fit to treat of tiieni diflindly, and that the
marriage fliould precede as a good pawn for the other. Since their
departure, my Lord Ambaflador Sir Walter Aflon, and myfeif, have
much preflfed to have this King's refolution in writing, concerning
the Palatinate, and the difpatches which your Majefty will receive
herewith concerning that bufinefs, were written before the receipt
of thefe your Majefty's letters, and doubtlefs ij; is now a great part
of their care that that bufinefs may be well ended, before the In-
fanta's coming into England ; and his Highnefs will well remember,
that the Conde de Olivares often protefted the neceftity of having
this bufinefs compounded and fettled before the marriage, faying,
otherwife they might give a daughter, and have a war within three
months after, if this ground and fubjcdl of quarrel Ihould be ftlll
left on foot. The fame language he hath ever fince held with Sir
Walter Afton and myfeif, and that it was a firm peace and amity,
as much as an alliance, which they fought with his Majefty. So
that it is not to be doubted, but that this King concluding the match,
refolveth to employ his utmoft power for the fatisfa<n:ion in the refti-
tution of the Prince Palatine. The queftion now >will be, whetiier
the bufinefs of the Prince Palatine halving relation to, many great
Princes, that are interefted therein (being at great diftance), and
being indeed for the condition and nature of the bufinefs itfelf, im-

•; polTible

. ' w

' .Ji""*

til

iri:

•>^l

I r I

]■■ ' II

Hi
m

;:ii

486-

STATF, PAPERS.

H^;'B

jAMr:> I. poiliblc to be cnJcd.bul by a formal treaty; which of nccelTity wlM
fC(juirc great length ; whether the concliiHon of the match fliall any
way depend upon the iflue of this bufincfs ; which I conceive to be
far from your Majefty's intention, for fo the Prince might long be
kept unhellowed, by any averfcnefs of thofe that might have par-
ticular intcrefl in the Prince's remaining unmarried, or diflike of
his matching with Spain. But that which I underftand to be your
Miijcfly's aim is, only to have the conclufion of this match accom*
panicd with as Hrong engagements as can be procured from this
King, for the joining with your Majefty, not only in all good offices,
for the entire rellitution of the Prince Palatine, but otherwife, if
need require, of his Majefty's aflirtancc. Herein I have, thefc days
pall, laboured with all earneilners, and procured this King's public
anfwer, which, I am told, is refolved of, and I fliall within few days
have it to fend to your Majefty ; as likewifc a private propofition
xyhich.will be put into your hands ; and fliall not fail further to pur-
kie your Majefly's prefent direftions of procuring this King's de-
claration in what fort your Majefty may rely upon this King's
afliilance, in cafe the Emperor, or the Duke of Bavaria fliall .'^ppofe
the entire reftitution of the Prince Palatine. But I conceive, if it
he your Majefty 's intention that I fliould procure here, firll, this
King's peremptory anfwer in the whole bufinefs, and how he will
be afTiftant to your Majefty, in cafe of the Emperor's or Duke of
Bavaria's averfenefs, and that I Ihould fend it unto your Majefty,
and receive again your anfwer, before I deliver the powers for the
defpoforios ; the match would thereby, if not be hazarded, yet I con-
ceive the Infanta going at Spring would be rendered altogether im-
pofTible. For if upon the arrival of the Pope's approbation, which is
hourly expedcd, the powers be demanded of me, according to the
Prince's declaration, and the agreement in the temporal articles, by
which the defpoforios are to be within ten days after the coming of
the faid approbation, I cannot refufe them but upon fome grounds.

7 If

STATE PAPERS.

487

If I alledge your Majefty's defirc of having the defpoforios deferred J
until Chriflmas, they know, as well as myfcif. that his {lighiicfs's
proxy is then out of date (bcfidcs the infringing of the capitulations),
and they will judge it as a great fcorn put upon this King (who,
ever fincc the Prince's granting of his powers, hath called himfdf
the Infanta's Dr^o/iz^/o^ and to that cffcdl the Prince haili written
unto him, in fome of his letters; befides, it will be held here a pf)int
of great difhonour unto the Infanta, if the powers called for by her
friends, (hould be detained by the prince's part; and whofoever
elfe may have defervcd ill, fhe certainly hath neither dcfervcd difre-
fpcdl nor difcomfort. Further, upon my rcfufal to deliver the
powers, all preparations which now goon chearfully and apace, will
be (layed, and there will enter in fo much diftruft, and fo many
jealoufies, that if the main bufmefs run not hazard by them, at lead
much time will be to clear them. I muft therefore, in difchargc of
my duty, tell your Majefty, that I conceive that all your Majefly's
bufinefles here, are in a fair way. The match, and all that is capi-
tulated therein they profefs pundually to perform. In the bufincfs
of the Palatinate they profefs, that they infinitely defire, and will, to
the utmoft of their powers, endeavour to procure your Majefty fatis-
faclion. The Prince is likely to have a mofl: worthy and virtuous
lady, and who fo much loveth him; and all things elfe depending 011
this match, are in a good and a hopeful way.

This is now the prefent eftate of your Majefty s alTalrs, as it ap-
peareth unto me and to Sir Walter Afton, with whom I have commu-
nicated this difpatch, as I do all things elfe cc^ncernin., your Majefty's
fervice. And I muft clearly let your Majefty underiland, that I
conceive, by retaining the powers, when this King Ihall call for them,
and offering to defer the ilcf[>ofonos until Chriftmas, that your Ma-
jefty's bufineftes will run a great hazard, what by the diftaftcs and
diftrufts that will be Ted here, and what by the art and induftry
of thofe which are enemies to the match ; whereof every court of

Chriftcndum.

i '

' ''■■

1 'ifel

i-:l

.1
. 'i L ii

48'c>

STATE PAPERS.

' ^ ^l^.^ '' ^Jiiincndom hath plenty. That therefore which I prefume, with all
^-— ".— — ' Immiilty, to offer unto your Majefty is, that you would be pleafed to
give order with all poflible fpeed, that when the buflnefs fhall come
cleared from Rome, and that the powers for the marriage fhall
be demanded of me on the behalf of this King, that I may deliver
them, and no ways feek to interrupt or fufpend the defpoforios^
but alfift and help to a perfect conclufion of the match ; and that for
the bufincfs of the Palatinate, I continue my earneft and faithful
endeavours to engage this King as far as fhall be pofTible, both for
the doing of all good offices for the Prince Palatine's entire refli-
tution, as likewife for this King's declaration of affiflance, in cafe
the Emperor or Duke of Bavaria fhall oppofe the faid reflitution.
Herein I will not fail to ufe all poffible means, and, I conceive, that
the difpatch of the match will be a good pawn in the bufinefs; and
the help and affiflance which the Princefs being once betrothed
would be able to give in this court, to all your Majefly's bufinefs,
would be of good confideration. So fearing I have already too far
prefumed upon your Majefly'a patience, I humbly crave your Ma-
jefly's pardon, &c.

Your Majefly's, &c.

Madrid, _

the 24th of Odober 1623. BRISTOL,

^■y. :■>>.•

'The Sajne to the Samci

May It pleafe, &c.

Kov. 26th. r\ N the of November^', vet. arrived here Mr. Killegrew, Mr.

Wood, and Mr. Grifley, all with your Majefly's difpatches, and

the duplicates of them; which ihall be exadly and pundually obeyed.

And for that the difpatches I fent from hence on the 24th of this

month,

i' ,«■

S T yV T E PAPERS.

489

;, with all
pleafed to
hall come
iage (hall
lay deliver
defpjfonost
id that for
id faithful
le, both for
:niire refti-
ice, in cafe
reftitution.
nceive, that
ifinefs; and
e betrothed
y's bufinefs,
eady too far
e your Ma-

ISTOL,

illegrew, Mr.

[■patches, and

[ually obeyed.

24th of this

month,

month, in which I fpccified the nomination of the 9th of December J'^'^^J'^ ^'
ft". 710V. for the dcfpoforios, I conceive your Majefty may be in
fome perplexity until you know the arrival of thofc your diredions,
and the exad obedience that fliall be given to what you are pleafed
to command ; I held it fit to leave your Majefty as few hours as was
poflible in any doubt, and therefore have,. the very fame night, fent
away Peter Killegrew; by him to let you know, that that part of
your Majefty's commands which concerneth the deferring of the
dcfpoforios^ Sir "Walter Afton and myfelf have intimated unto the
Conde de Olivares j and fo likewife is the reft concerning the Pala-
tinate, which, to-morrow, Sir Walter Afton and myfelf will draw into
writing, and deliver to this King.

As for my departure from this court, it fhall be with all fpeed, to
caft myfelf at your Majefty's feet, where I am no way difiident to
appear an honeft and faithful fervant. Though being engaged for
more than fifty thonfand crowns for the Prince, and all my wife's
jewels at pawn, and having no means nor credit on this fide of the
ica, for a quarter of the money which is neceffary for my journey,
I humbly befeech your Majefty to take it into your confidera-
tion, that your Ambaflador's going from this court, may not be
like a running away in debt, and leaving his wife and children in
pawn; but rather than fail punctually to obey your Majefty's
commandments, 1 will come home on foot. In the interim, for
that I find my proceedings blamed by a letter that faith it was of
your Majefty's didating, with order to ihew it me, I moft humbly
befeech your Majefty to pufs your eyes on the inclofed paper, which
is, what, on fo great a fudden, I can fay to juftify my proceedings;
which, if it fatisfy not your Majefty, I muft have recourfeunto your
Majefty's grace and gooilnefs, and to the integrity and fidelity of
mine own intentions; for my confcicnce beareth me witnefs, that I
have committed no error through want of zeal or afi'cclion to your

3 R honour

'1 '

49°

STATE PAPERS,

JAMES I. honour and fervlce. And fo wifliing unto your Majefty atl increafe

^» ■■>,-■ - / of happinefs, &c.

Your Majefly's, &c,

Bristol,

Madrid, the 26th of Nov.
idi'^tfl", nitt.

Earl of Brijiol and Sir Walter AJion to the Same,

Pec. 26.

May it pleafe, &c.
TJ Y our letters of the 6th of December we gave your Majefty
an account of what anfwer we had then received in writing,
unto that which had been formerly propounded by us in your Ma-
jefty 's name, in the bufinefs of the Palatinate. Since, w« received
another anfwer upMi the memorial we delivered according to your
Majefty*s dire«Slions fignified to me the Earl of Briftol, by your
letters of the 13th of November, which falleth out to be fuch, as, in
our above-mentioned letters of the 6th of December, we told your
Majefty we feared it would be, much worfe, and much more referved
ihan any we had formerly received ; it being rather indeed an ex-
poftulation than any direct anfwer to any point by us propounded.

Hereupon we held it fit to have recourfe unto the Conde de Oli-
vares, and the reft of the Council of State, reprefenting unto them,
what had been fignified unto us, to have been the refolution of the
Council the a 2d of November, viz. That this King was refolved to
procure your Majefty entire fatisfadion; and that the Conde de
dlivares had wiflied us to fignify fo much to your Majefty in this
King's name, and intreated us to empawn our honours and our
lives, if need were, for the faithful performance of it, and that he
had aflured us we ftiould receive fo much in writing before the def-
fofarios : that we had accordingly, as we were defired, given your
Majefty fuch aflurance: that we now defired that we might be able

STATE PAPERS.

to let your Majefty know the true cauie of this alteration, and whe-
ther this King had changed his former rer)lution of procuring your
Majefty fatisfadion, and upon what ground. They plainly let us
know, that this King, out of his love and defire of friendfhip with
your Majefty, was refolved to employ his utmoft endeavours for the
procuring your Majefty entire fatisfadion.; but, to have it extorted
from him by way of menace, or that it ftiould now be added to the
marriage by way of condition; and that his fifter inuft be rejected
unlefs the King would undertake to give fatisfadion, and that, by
declaring that he would make a war againft the Emperor, if need
were ; whatfoever the King's refolutions might be in the bufmefs it-
felf, he could neither with his honour, nor with the honour of his
fifter (whom he would no way force or thruft upon the Prince),
make any other anfwer for the prefent, than what he had done.
We then let them underftarid that we conceived that they much
miftook the manner of your Majefty 's and Prince's proceeding;
firft, for any menace, we knew of none more than what the nature
of the bufinefs itfelf implied, which was, that there was no great
likelihood of continuance of much love and friendftiip betwixt your
Majefties, whllft this King ftiould remain with the eftate * of your
children, or whilft indeed this bufinefs fliould not be fully accommo-
dated ; but for your Majefty's manner of proceeding, as it was with
great freenefs and reality, fo it was with much love ; for your Ma-
jefty being, in nature and honour, obliged to procure the reftitution
of your children, defired that therein you might rely upon this
King's friendftiip without being conftrained to feek other courfes,
wherein being of late fomewhat difcouraged, by reafon of the giving
away of Beckftrott, and this King's giving the title of Eledor unto
the Duke of Bavaria, your Majefty had thought it fit to bring this
bufinefs to fome certain iffiie, and to know how far you might rely
upon this King's friendftiip herein; to the end that, at the fame

>^ • The Palitinnte.

R 3

491

JAMES t.
1623.

time

■h-'

£ai

Hj}

49^

STATE PAPERS.

J A M E-S
1623.

4— N-

lit* -'

• time that your Majefty contrafted alliance with this King, you
fliould not be forced to make leagues and confederation with all the
enemies of the Houfe of Auftria ; but that, jointly with a marriage,
your Mnjefty might make a perfe(5l and fincere friendlhip betwixt
your crowns and pofterities, and remove all occafions which might
interrupt it. " ' ■ ' - - ;' r .1 •

After many feveral debates, this King hath been contented to
make unto your Majefty the fame full anfwer which was intended
before the deferring of the defpoforios ; and we have procured it to
be under this King's hand, by way of letter unto your Majefty; al-
though, in point of honour, the Council of State will not let the
original letter be fent unto your Majefty, until it may be delivered
by way of anfwer unto fome letter of your Majefty's ; but it Is
firmed by this King, and fo depofited, with promife to be delivered
unto us upon the firft letter we fhall procure from your Majefty
touching the bufmefs of the Palatinate. In the mean time, I have
the faid letter, attefted by the Secretary of State, delivered unto us as
this King's anfwer to our propofitions, which we here fend origi-
nally unto your Majefty, together with the tranflation of ir. And
we aflure your Majefty, it hath not been the eafieft part of our ne-
gociation, to procure it in this form, for they here judged itftrange,
that your Majefty having written nothing to this King, we Ihould
prefs to have this King's anfwer, by way of letter unto your Ma-
jefty, or otherwife than by adl of Council, which is the ufual form
to all memorials, and efpecially in thisconjundure.

Your Majefty may therefore be pleafed to command fuch a letter
to be drawn and fent, as may juftly occafion fuch an anfwer; the
which, we humbly conceive, if it be merely a letter of credence for
us, in the bufinefles of the Prince Palatine, will be fittcft ; for that
all things contained in this King's prefent letter, are in anfwer of
the particular points of our memorial ; and I the Earl of Briftol was
fent unto, to know if I had any blank of your Majefty's ; for that,

upon

STATE PAPERS.

493

upon any letter I would deliver from your Majefty in this bufinefs, -^"^i^j^,^ '*
the King's original letter fliould be delivered by way of anfwer.

So that the eflate of the bufinefs of the Palatinate we conceive to
be the fame it was before the deferring of the defpoforios^ only with
the lofs of fo much time, and that we yet want the affillance and
interceflion of the Princefs. ^ . .

We have Hkewife moved this King that, in conformity of that
•which he now hath promifed unto your Majefty, he difpatch pre-
fently unto the Emperor, and write effedlually unto him for to come
to a fpeedy conclufion of the bufmefs, which is promifed unto us,
and we will be careful to fee the poft: dlfpatched away. Though, as
your Majefty's faithful fervants, we cannot but prefent unto you our
humble opinions, that the way to come to a fpeedy conclufion of this
bufinefs is, fpeedily to conclude the marriage ; for if that (hall not
really be proceeded in, it is not to be fuppofed that the friendfliip
between this King (whofe Miniftcrs ftick not to declare, that he
cannot but judge his fifter not well ufed) will eafily find means to
fruftrate any efi^eds your Majefty may expeft from his mediation or
friendfliip ; but the match being really and fpeedily brought to a
conclufion, we cannot but be very hopeful that all things elfe will
follow to your content. And fo, moft humbly wiftilng unto your
Majefty all increafe of happinefs and profperity, we recommend your
Majefty to God's holy protedion, and reft

Your Majefty*s moft humble and moft

faithful fervants and fubje(fts,

Madrid, the 26th of Dec.
1623, /■■• "vel.

Bristol.
\Va, Astoiv

-J

1 '

494

JAMES I.
1624.

llarlcinn
Collcflion.
Mo. 6798.
No. 43.

5TATE PAPERS.

'The Anfiscers of the Earl of Brifiol to certain Interro^
gatories intended for His Majejiys private fatisf ac-
tion^ with a referve for a fermiffton of making recourfe
to fuch other things as may be farther necejfary to bit

clearing, ' • . • ■.

Inten-og. i."II7HETHER did you think yourfelf really dealt
withal by the Emperor and his Minifters, when
■you were his Majefty's Ambaflador in Germany?

Anjkv. He faith, that he guided himfelf by public and avowed
^nfwcrs which were given him by the Emperor under his hand, and
tlie Imperial Seal ; and conceiveth that it becometh him with great
-modefly and caution, to cenfure the thoughts and intentions of fo
great a Prince, but leferreth himfelf therein, to his difpatches of
that employment, wherein he dealt honeftly and faithfully with his
Majefty, by advertifing truly what he uaderflood or thought then
upon the place ; and hath many great tefiimpnies of the extraordi-
nary fatisfadion which his Majefty exprefled to have of his fidelity
and induftry in the faid employment. And at his return gave
an account thereof firft to his Majefty and the Lords, and afterwards
to the Parliament. He faith further, that he then moved his Ma-
jefty, that he would not rely upon fingle treaties, but that he would
adlually declare himfelf, and maintain an army under his own ftan-
dard, for the defence of the Palatinate, which refolution his Ma-
jefty was pleafed to take. He likewife addeth, that not only his
a<n:ions mentioned in the next article, but his letter unto his Majefty,
and the Lords, bearing date the 26th of July 1621, wherein he be-
feecheth them that they would not, upon any hopes, lay afide the
care of all fitting preparations for a war, in cafe a peace might not

6 honourably

STATE PAPERS.

495

Iionourably be had, are fufficient teftimonles on his behalf, that JAMES i.

1624.

though he dare not give any cenfure upon the Emperor's thoughts,
aor call any afperfion of indirect proceeding upon fo great a Prince,
yet his care, induftry and advice was to have the vvorfl prevented.

Interrog. 2. Whilft the affairs of Bohemia and Germany had a face
cf ftrength on the King's fon-in-law's fide, did you profs the King
of Spain's Minifters to particular refolutions ; and if you did not,
why did you give fuch large and confident affurances of their real
dealing, as many of your letters fpeak ?

Atifvo. To the faid interogatory, he anfwercth to the firft part
thereof, that while the affairs of Bohemia and Germany had a face
of ftrength on the King's fon-in-law's fide, the King of Spain and
his Minifters were, by Sir Francis Cottiugton, and Sir Walter Afton,
(who then refided in the Court of Spain) prelTed with all earneftnefs
to particular refolutions, as all occafions required; which he know-
eth, for that he was acquainted with his Majcfty's diredions and
their difpatches, which are ready to be produced, by which it will
appear, that like good Minifters they omitted nothing in that kind^
that was to be done.

To the fecond claufe of the interrogatory he faith, that by the dif-
tinguifhing of times he conceiveth, that it will appear that the bufi-
nefs is much miftaken, both concerning his letters, or any alTurances
given by him. For it is moft certain that all was loft, before his let-
ter out of Spain beareth date; by which it will be apparent, that he
hath btcn very unfortunate to have the lofs of things attributed to
the hopes h€ gave from Spain, when there was nothing left when his
letters came unto his Majefty's hands, which are pretended (hould
(through hopes given by them) have detained his Majcfty from
taking feme other courfe than what he did, for the defence of the
Palatinate ; as it will be made manifeft by that which foUoweth. In
the vear of God 1619, the Prince Palatine took the Crown of Bo-
hemia ; the SumTiCr foUovviag, the Marquis Spinola took all that
' which

t '• if!

': f

H. i • '

49^

TATE PAPERS.

^ez^

! i-i

;:iv

-I

jAMF.si ^vllich !ie holdcth on the Lower Palatinate. In the month of No-
vember next eiifuing', the battle of Prague was loft. In the month of
February 1620-1, thel'rinccs of the Union dilbanded, and expofed the
Palatinate to the enemy, which, by the iuduftry of the Earl of Briftol,
was for that time favcd by the iufpenfion of arms he then procured
at his being at Bruflels, which he will fliow was by his Majefty, the
Prince Palatine, and the Duke of Deuxponts, acknowledged. In
the year 1G21, the Upper Palatinate was abandoned by Mansfelt,
and taken by the Duke of Pavaria. In the month of July, the fame
year (the war being revived) the cafile of Stien was taken by Don
Gonzales de Cordova; and Sir Horatio Vere held it fit, in regard of
the inequality of power, to leave the field, and put all his forces into
three towns, Heidelburgh, Manheim, and Franckendale, which was
all that was then left. At the fame time he faith, that he was ear-
neftly requefted by the Council of Heidelburgh to come unto them
from Nurembergh, where, at his coming, he found all things in
miferable confufion and want: he then fuccoured and relieved them,
and Franckendale, which was then befieged, by the troops which
were brought down by his procurement. And the Council of Hei-
delburgh, the Prince Palatine himfclf, and his Majefty have been
pleafed (as he can well (how) to acknowledge a fecond time of the
.■faving of the remnant of the Palatinate, to his care and induftry.
Hitherto he conceiveth nothing excepted to, againft any of his let-
ters or proceedings. In the year 1622, he began his journey to-
wards Spain, and arrived about July 1622, but it was Auguft before
he did negociate, by reafon of the expedance of the Conde de Gon-
demar ; about which time the Duke of 13runfwick and the Marquis
of Baden received their overthrows ; and prefently after Heidelburgh
was loft with little refiftance j fo that there remained only Manheiiu
and Franckendale ; for the faving whereof, he procured the King of
Spain to write his letters, not of mediation, but to command his
forces to be afliftant to the Englifli, and not to permit them to be

wronged,

STATE PAPERS.

A97

\\ of No-
month of
;pofed the
ofBriftol,
, procured
ajefty, the
dged. In
Mansfelt,
, the fame
sn by Don
1 regard of
forces into
which was
le was car-
unto them
1 things in
ieved them,
oops which
kcil of Hei-
f have been
time of the
id induftry.
of his let-
journey to-
jguft before
ide de Gon-
he Marquis
ieidelburgh
y Manheim
the King of
immand his
them to be
wronged,

wronged, or aflailed by any other. Thefe letters bear date the J^^^^^s i.

29th of Odober ; and his Majefty is plcafcd to write of them in his

letters of the 24th of November, as followcth : " That howfoevcr

the order given unto the Infanta for the relief of Manheim arrived

too late, and after the town was yielded into the hands of the enemy

Tilly, yet we muft acknowledge it to be a good office of your nego-

ciation, and an argument of that King's fmcere and found intention.'*

So that he doubteth not but that he will appear to the world, that

neither any thing hath been loft by the hopes which his letters gave,

nor hath he negledted any duty, that by a faithful fervant in this

could be done, as his Majefty is pleafed to acknowledge by his letters

of the ift of January 1622-3, ^ ^^^ ^^Y^ before the Prince began his

journey towards Spain, in exprefs terms; viz. " concerning that other

" unfortunate knotty affair of the Palatinate, to fay the truth, as

" things ftand, we cannot tell what you could have done more thaa

" you have already."

Interrog. 3. Whether did you judge that the King of Spain would
have had a change in religion in England with the match, or fome
advantageous conditions concerning the Low Countries, or elfe no
Match >

Anfw. To this interrogatory he faith, he never heard of any fuch
intention or propofition from the King of Spain, or any of his Mini-
nifters : for if he had, he would have rejeded it with fcorn and in-
dignation, as he did the propofition that was made in 161 1, for
Prince Henry's being a Catholic ; and afterwards other conditions
in the year 16 14, propounded by the Duke of Lerma, which he
would not fo much as promife the fending of them unto the King, as
will appear by his feveral difpatches of thofe times. But of this par-
ticular, he never heard any thing. And as for any advantageous
conditions, that by the match Ihould have been procured for Spain,
touching the Low Countries, he never knew any ad was in treaty, or
in fpeech, concerning the Low Countries, that had any relation to this

3 S match.

'Mi

'i (;:•

^.1

4ffi

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.
1624.

1.1."

.•■t

^^.■

match. He craveth leave to make anfwer thereunto, when he (hall
have the happinefs to await upon his Majefty in perfon *.

Jnteri'og. 4. Whether did you find that the Minifters of Spain with
your treaty with them, did endeavour to keep you in generalities,
and to avoid particulars ?

Anfw. He faith that it is true, that the lllle of negociation in Spain
is flow, and they are hardly put from generalities. But when the
bufinefs he treated were ripe, he found them not avoid the coming
to particulars ; and that on the 12th of December 1622, they agreed
to all the points of religion for the match ; that then, in the King of
Spain's anfwer in writing, of date, he particularly promifeth

the procuring of the difpenfation in March or April laft, at the
farther ; and that in the interim^ all the temporal articles ihould be
agreed, and in conformity thereof, the faid articles were treated and
agreed : viz. That the proportion fhould be that which fhould appear
to have been in the King's father's time agreed of; viz. That the
defpoforios (hould have been within forty days after the arrival of the
difpenfation, and the Infanta to have begun her journey twenty days
after that. And that Don Duarte of Portugal fhould have been the
perfon that fhould have attended her, with all other particulars, as
will appear by his difpatch.

Inter tog. 5. Whether did you take any dlfcontent at the Prince's
coming into Spain, or did you hold it indifferent whether he had the
Princefs with him, or that fhe fhould come after him ?

Anfiv. He faith, he did not take any difcontent at the Prince's
coming into Spain, but was infinitely joyed to fee him fafely arrived ;
although it is true that he wrote unto his Majefly in his firft letter f
after the Prince's arrival, that he was glad he was not acquainted
with the intention of that journey, for if be had, he fhould have

• This alludes probably to fome overture about the Low Countries, thrown out by the
Duke of Buckingham, when he was in Spain with the Prince,
f This letter is printed in Sir D. Dalrymple's Collcftions, 1762.

protefted

STATE PAPERS.

490

own out by the

proteflcd againft it; and that, although he hoped things might end JAMF.s I.
as happily as they had begun hopefully, yet if they did fo, he » , ^
fhould attribute it to a particular grace of God, beyond human pru-
dence : for knowing that by the interview of Princes (what through
the diftaftes that commonly arlfc amongft their Minifters, and other
accidents which happen) that friendlhip.and amity is feldom bettered
or increafed ; knowing likewife the difpenfation not to be then
granted, and fearing left his Prince's perfon being in their power,
they might make ufe of it to their advantage in preffing farther
points in religion than had been formerly fettled ; for thefe, and
for divers other greater and more important reafons, which he fliall
declare unto his Majefty when he (hall attend him, he feemed not
to approve the journey, out of his judgment and zeal to the King's
fervice and the Prince's fafety, but no way out of any diflike or
difcontent of his own. And for the fecond claufe of this interro-
gatory, he faith, he did not hold it indifferent whether his High-
nefs had the Princefs with him, or that fhe fhould come after him ;
but infinitely defired and laboured, that they might have come to-
gether. And he conceiveth the Spaniards that were the caufe to
hinder it, did extremely ill, and imprudently.

Jnterrog. 6. Whether did you find more forwardnefs or affedlion
in the King of Spain and his Minifters towards the Match, before
the Prince's coming thither, or afterwards ?

Anfiu, He faith, that before the Prince's coming, he found all
forwardnefs and affedion in the Spaniards to the match, and all
affurances of their real defiring of it, which could pafs betwixt
Princes and Chriftians : and he conceiveth no man will doubt 'thereof,
that fhall read his difpatch unto your Majefty, of the gth of Septem-
ber 1623, wrote then upon an occafion of a rumour that had been
raifed, that nothing fhould be really intended in the Match before
the Prince's coming into Spain. But he faith, he conceiveth, that
after the Prince's arrival in Spain, their defires to the Match were

.•5 S a much

■"

-I

- i» I li

■%

'1 1^1
.""HI

500

STATE PAPERS.

J^^'^,' "'' '• much increafed, by the knowledge of the Prince's perfon, and by hi*
V— -% — ~t tondant, virtuous, and juineely behaviour, by which he won the
hearts of all forts of people unto him, although it be true that Hjine
perfonal diftaftes did then put the bufinefs in nuich dillradlion. But
the time when he conceiveth the Match was by the l^ing and all
men in Spain moft defired, was, after the Prince's departure out of
iSpain. Tor the Prince having left fo great a renown behind, and thj
King and he having parted upon fuch alFedionate terms, which were
continued and much increafed by the daily exchange of courteous
letters betwixt them, and thofe difgufts and harflincfs which had for-
merly happened by the diftaftes of their Miniflers, being now by
abfence removed ; the King of Spain and the whole Court feemcd
never ^ much to defire it, as then. And the King made upon all
occafions conftant and public profefllons, that he would, for no earthly-
regard, fail in one tittle, either in fubftance or circumftance, of what
he had capitulated or promifed unto the Prince's nighnefs. And he
had caufe to guide himfelf according to the oaths and proteftations of
fo great a King. And if he had not really and honeftly intended
as he profefled, he is anfwerable for it, betwixt God and his own
confclencc.

Intenog. 7. Why did you fo confidently inform his Majedy, from
time to time, of their real and fincere proceeding in Spain, having
been acquainted before with the affront put upon his Majefly with
the breach of the treaty concerning the Match of Prince Henry ?

Anfiv. To the firft part of the 7 th interrogatory, he faith, he never
gave his Majefly any hopes of their real proceedings in Spain, but
the fame that were then given him, without adding or diminifhing;
neither could he have done otherwifc with honefty and fafety. Fur-
ther, the hopes he gave, were never upon conjediures, or vain in-
telligence, but upon all the alTurances both in word and writing, that
could pafs between Princes and Chrirtians. And if the difpatch he
wrote to his Majefty, bearing date the 9th of September 1623, may

but

STATE PAPERS.

501

but 1)C perufed, he no way doubteth, but it will appear that he was ■^'^J^^'^f '*
not deceived, but fcrved his Majclly with uo lei's care and vigiiaiicy,
than with truth and fidelity. Lalliy he faith, he had reafon to give
Aich hopes as he did, of that which he never doifbtcd but that it would
take tffcdT:, until after the ftay of the clcfpoforios. As for the infe-
rence concerning the match of Prince Hcjiry, it being ten or twelve
years fince, we have many frefli examples, that ftatcs alter their re-
folutions in their deligns, and many times their alliances, in much
fliortcr time. Ihit for that the giving a due anfwer unto this point,
by deducing bulinefs from Prince Henry's time unto this prefenti
would be of greater length than befitteth this anfwer, he will in a
paper apart fct down the whole progrefs of the bufincfs, from the year
161 1, unto this ptefent time, wherein he no way doubteth but to
make it appear to his Majcfly, that he hath fcrved him like a good
and faithful fervant.

ItUerrog. 8. Whether did not Mr. Porter at his being in Spain tell
you, that the Condc of Olivarcs Hiid, that it was a prcpoflerous de-
mand for the King of Spain to take arms againft his uncle, againfl:
the Catholic league, and the Houfe of Audria; and that of the
Match he knew nothing, nor what it meant ?

AnJ'tv. He faith, that not long before Mr. Porter's departure
out of Spain, Sir Walter Afton told him, that he had heard that
Mr. Porter fpcaking with the (iiid Condc Olivares, he fhould deny
that there was ever any intention that the King of Spain fhould afnO:
his Majefty with his arms, in cafe by other means he could not pro-
cure him fatisfa£lion in the bufinefs of the Palatinate. And that
thereon, he fpcaking with Mr. Porter, Mr. Porter told him as much
in effe£t. But concerning the fccond part of this interrogatory, that
the Condc of Olivares fliould tell him, that touching the Match he
knew nothing, nor what it meant ; he faith, he ^Porter) never faid
any fuch thing to him as he rcmembereth, but if he be not much

deceivec?.

I '1
I 'i

'"1)1

^. tl

*i;;-f

hi':

If;;?

1624.

50« S T A T E P A P E R S.

^624! ^' <^ccelved, the clean contrary; and that the Condc fliould tell him,
that for the bufinefs of the Match he held it concluded : and this he
fuppofeth to be much more probable, for that he did not only under-
ftand, that Mr. Porter went away in that point fully fatisfied, having
often not only fpoken himlelf with the Lords of the Spanifli Council,
but alfo been made acquainted with the good anfwers he carried back:
but he is likewife farther confirmed in that belief, fur that, it (hould
feem, Mr. Porter, at his return into England, did not raife any doubt,
neither in the Prince nor Duke, but that all was really proceeded in,
in Spain; forbefides the Prince's journey that enfued thereon, which
doubtlefs would not have been to try experiences ; and if that be in-
fifted upon, the contrary will be made apparent. The King is
pleafed, in his letters of the 7th of to write as followeth :

*' Right trufty, &c. The difpatch brought us by Endymion Pofter,
*• doth give us fufficient alTurance of your faithful endeavours and
** diligence, to expedite thofe great bufmefles you have in charge;
•* for which we are pleafed to return you both our gracious accept-
" ation and thanks." And fo wi(heth him to proceed and confum-
mate the whole bufinefs of the Match, according to the commifFion
he had. And touching the Palatinate* he writeth, viz. " To fay the
** truth, as things (land, we cannot teli what you could have done,
*' more than you have already." And the Prince in his letters of the
6th of January 1623, all written in his own hand, in anfwer of thofe
he fent by Mr. Porter, is pleafed to write, viz. *• Briftol, this is to
" give you thanks for the fuccefsful pains you have taken in all your
" bufinefs, but efpecially in that of my marriage, &c." and con-
cludeth, " Now I muft end as I began, with thanks, for your pains
" hath dcferved that, and much more, And I aflure you, you have
*' made good, and, if it were pofTible, increafed the good opinion I
" had of you."

• At that time, and till the Prince's retuin from Spain, the ralatinate was a very fccondary
confidcration.

And

wM\

STATE PAPERS.

503

[fccondary

And

Arid the Duke of Buckingham in his letters of the 5th of January J ames i.
1622, to the Conde of Gondcmar, in anfwer of thofe which Mr. '
Porter had brought him (which letter was written in the hand of
Mr. Cottington, and a long poftfcript in the Duke's hand) writ
in iuch fort, as did appear, that Mr. Porter had raifed little fcruple
that the Match was in ill terms. And my Lord Duke in his letters
at the fame time to the Conde' of Olivares, which letters I conceive
will prove to have been drawn in Spanifh by Mr. Porter himfelf,
faith, he hath underftood by the relation of Mr. Porter of the offices
he doth, for the continuing amity, and an entire union betwixt their
Majeflies and their Crowns, and particularly how much he doth
labour to effcd the Match, and to accommodate the affairs of the
King's fon-in-law, and that thereby he findeth himfelf obliged to .1
full refolution, not only to fcrve the King of Spain in all that he can,
but to comply in all things with his Excellency, as his friend and
true fcrvant. And as for that the Conde of Olivares fliould fay, he
knew nothing of the Match ; he would not meddle with what may
have paffed between the Conde of Olivares and Mr. Porter, but the
truth thereof will eafily be made apparent by divers letters which he
hath, under the hand of the Conde Olivares, in which will be feen,
that he both treated, and knew of the Match, before Mr. Porter's
arrival. Befidcs the difcourfe of the Conde of Olivares, which
hath been fo much fpokcn of in the world, for the transferring of
the Match for the Prince unto one of the Emperor's daughters,
beareth date while Mr. Porter was at Madrid, and thereby it will
appear, that he had formerly heard of the Match.

As for the other point cot^cerning the Palatinate, he afRrmcth,
that all he had (aid of the profcdions, to alfift his Majefty with armies,
is true, and he caufed as much to be affirmed to Mr. Porter, at his
being in Spain, by the Conde Gondomar and Sir Walter Alton ; and
fending to the Conde of Olivares to e.xpolhilate with him of that
which he underltocl he Ihoukl have laid to Mr. Porter, he anfwcred
him concerning Mr. I'ortcr, that, which he willingly omitteth, but

3 for

i-l

4 m

504

STATE PAPERS.

f u-

f'l'

?!'■

'.i

JAMES I. for the bufinefs he (hall have ample fatisfadlion, for that the King's
intentions were ftill the fame, and that whenfoever he would come
to the King, he would not make nice to fpeak again whatfoever he
had promifcd ; whereupon having audience appointed him within
two or three days, there being an infedion at that time in his houfe,
of which divers of his fervants had died, on that very night be-
fore he fhould have had audience, he intreated Sir Walter Aflou to
go alone to the King, who was pleafed, upon his moving the bufinefs
of the Palatinate, to make unto him, in the fame form of words, the
fame anfwer, which he made to them both at the Efcurial, where-
with Sir Walter Afton acquainted Mr. Porter, in his prefence, and
fome others. And if he be not miftaken, Mr. Porter accompanied Sir
Walter Afton that day, and kifled the King's hands, and feemed ra-
ther to be very forry that the Earl of Briftol had prefled the bufinefs
{o far, than that he any way remained unfatisfied : herein he humbly
befeecheth, that Sir Walter Afton's difpatches may be produced,
which he conceiveth muft bear date about the 12th or 13th of De-
cember 1622.

Interrog. 9. Why did you not prefs, before the Prince's coming
into Spain, the reftitution of the Palatinate, to the perfon of the King's
fon-in-law and his fucceflbr, in all particular points, both in matter
and form ?

AnfiV' He faith, that before the Prince's coming into Spain he did
prefs the reftitution of the Palatinate to the perfon of the King's fon-
in-law and his fucceflbr, in all particular points both in matter and
form, as will appear by his fcveral difpatches, and is acknowledged
by his Majefty, by his letters of the 7th of January 1622-3, '^ being
but few days before the Prince's coming into Spain, wherein he faith,
concerning the affairs of the Palatinate, " To lay the truth as things
" ftand, we cannot tell what you could have done, more than you
*' have already." ' ■ ^

Interrog. 10. Did you, upon all occafions, as you had ample caufe,
rcprefcnt the merit of his Miijcdy, or did you at any time let it fall
or undervalue it ?

Anfiv,

STATE PAPERS.

S^S

he King's
ould come
itfoever he
im within
I his houfe,
night be-
:r Aftou to
he bufinefs
words, the
•ial, where -
efence, and
mpanied Sir
1 feeraed ra-
the bufinefs
a he humbly
le produced,
1 3th of De-

ice's coming
the King's
1 in matter

Spain he did
King's fon-
n matter and
;knowlcdgcd
2-3, it being
:rein he faith,
uth as things
ore than you

ample caufe,
,me let it fall

^nfi0. He faith, he did, upon all occafions, as he had ample caufe, JAMES i.
reprelcnt the merit of his Majefty ; neither did he at any time let it
ffili, or undervalue it, as will amply appear by fundry of his dif-
patches, aad many memorials in that bufinefs, ready to be produced.
Interrog. 11. When the breeding of his Majefly's grand-child
with the ' mperor was propounded, (which implied a converfion of
him,) did you rejed it, or did you think it advantageous and coun*-
fellable for his Majefty ?

Anfiv. He faith, that the breeding of his Majefty *8 grand-child
with the Emperor, as he remembereth, was never propounded to
him, but in the prefenqe of fuch* as befitted not him to reject, or
accept of it ; but when the Match for him, with the Emperor's
daughter, hath been fingly at any time propounded to him, he hath
faithfully reprefented it to his Majefty. But for the inference, that
by the parenthefis is made (that his converfion was thereby implied)
he never imagined it, nor feeth ground for it. For if the meaneft
Princefs in Chriftendom, matcheth with the greateft Monarch, ca-
pitulateth for the full ufe of her confcience, he knoweth not upon what
ground it is fuppofed, that it (hould have debarred the King's grand-
child; neither ever underftood hebuthefliouldhavehad his family fuch
as his Majefty, and his father, had appointed for him ; and this may lefs
be inferred, as hefuppofeth, in the Emperor's Court, than in any Court
of Chriftendom ; for that he remembereth the young Prince of Anhalt
being the Emperor's prifoncr, and after being fet at liberty, but with
condition to continue in the Emperor's Court, the free ufe of his reli-
gion was not denied ; fo likewife two of the Dukes of Saxe, who
were in the Emperor's fervicc, and divers others, both counfellors,
and of his bed-chamber, and of his chief commanders in the wars,
are avowed Proteftants ; and in Vienna itfelf there is a congregation
of fourteen or fifteen thoufand, which publicly and avowedly have
the free ufe of their religion. And as for the fecond caufe, whether

* /, I. The Prince, and the Duke of Buckingham.

3 T he

- ft

* '1

I • -it
t

Anfi

IV.

5o6

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. he thinketh it advantageous or counfellable or not, he judgeth it more
or lefs counfellable, and advantageous, according as the flate of af-
fairs fhall ftand, and as the ccmditions ihall be made better or worfe»
by the treaty of them.

Jnterrog. 1 2. Whether did you think it the way for the greatnefs
of England, to have the King thereof, under the obedience of the
church of Rome; or did you ever judge it convenient and requifite for
the Prince himfelf, in contemplation of that Match, to conform him->
felf to the Roman Catholic religion ?

Anfw. He faith, he never did, nor doth think it the way, for the
greatnefs of England, to have the Kings thereof under the obedience
of the church of Rome ; and he is very much grieved that any fuch
interrogatory (hould be afked him, having, all the days of his life,
and in all places, lived and approved himfelf a Proteftant, and never
having done, publicly or privately, any a£l that was not fuitable to thfr
fame profeflion. He further faith, that, in all his foreign employ-
ments, for the fpacc of fourteen years, of more than five hundred
perfons, of all qualities, that have attended him, there was never any
one perverted in his religion, fave two Irifh footmen, who in Eng-
land had been bred Papifts j and if his Majefty be pleafed to take fur*
ther information, he humbly befeecheth his Majefty to fend for not
only Dr. Mew and Dr. Wren, the Prince's chaplains, which were
with him in Spain, but for Mr. Sandford, one of the Prebends of
Canterbury, Mr. Bofwell, Parfon of St. Lawrence London, and
Frewyne, deputy reader in Magdalen College in Oxford, who have
all been his Chaplains in Spain ; as likewife fuch Catholics as are
known to have been long his ancient acquaintance and friends, and
to examine them upon oath, whether, either publicly or privately,
either in Spain or England, they have known him, in any kind, to
make £how, or fo much as to forbear upon all occafiims avowedly to
declare the religion he profefltth ; and therefore he humbly bcftcch-
cth, if that out of any difcoiurfe or argument he held pro ur con upon

miiundciilauJiug

STATE PAPERS.

5^7

h it more
ate of af-
or worfct

greatnefs
ice of the
quifite for
form him-

ay, for the
; obedience
t any fuch
of hrs life,
and never
itable to the
rn employ-
ire hundred
s never any
ho in Eng-
to take fur-
end for not
which were
'rebcnds of
indonr and
who have
lolics as are
'riends, and
•r privately,
ny kind, to
.vowedly to
|bly beftcch-
jr con upon
idciiiauJiug.

xnifunderflanding or miftaking of arguments, any information hath JAMEs r.
been given, or any aiTertion made, whereupon that interrogatory
may have been grounded, his Majefly will caufe the faid accufations
to be fet down in writing, and he will not fail therein to give his
Majefty full and entire fatisfailion. To the fecond part of this inter-
rogatory he faith, he did never either invite, by perfuafion of his own,
or by procuring conference of others, the Prince to be a Roman Ca-
tholic; nor did he judge it convenient and requifite for his Highnefs
(in contemplation of that Match) to conform himfelf to the Roman
Catholic religion, or to any part belonging to it.

Interrog. 13. When the Prince found it convenient for bis alTairs,
and his duty to his father, to return, did you oppofe it or no, and if
you did, then upon what grounds ?

Anpw. He faith, when the Prince found it convenient for his af-
fairs, and his duty towards his father, to return, he did never oppofe
it; but he remembereth, four or five days before Mr. Secretary Cot-
tington was fent out of Spain into England, there was fome ferious
debate before the Prince, about his going or fending Sir Francis Cot-
tington ; at which time he fpoke that which, in his judgment and con-
fcience, he thought fitted for the King and Prince's fervice, as be*
fitteth a Minider and CounfcIIor of the King to do; and this was
about the 25th of May, fome months before any thing was concluded,
and divers months before the Prince's departure out of Spain; and all
things after this were approved and ratified by the King and Prince.

Interrog. 14. When there was an addition of articles, and a dif-
tindion between public and private articles, did you then perfuade
the Prince to come into thofe articles of addition, did you afiure or
perfuade him, that the oath was required only to the public articles,
and not to the private, and did you deal plainly with him in that
or no ?

Anfiv. To the firfl claufe he faith, that in the articles of addition
he never perluadcd the Prince to any, but unto I'uch as he bad order

3T2

from

J;.l

1 I

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. » SI

jo8

STATE PAPERS.

J^JJj^f ^' ^■'°™ ^^^ ^'"S fufficiently to warrant him ; and he faith, that all the
faid articles of addirion were fettled in a junto of the commiflloners on
both fides, where the Prince was pleafed to aififl: himfelf in perfon,
where all things, as they were concluded, were drawn up into a formal
kindof journal, by the Secretary Cirica, and Mr. Secretary Cottington,
out of which all the particular articles were to be drawn, as well thofe
that were to be fworn, as thofe which were only to be figned or pro-
mifed, for which the faid journal ferved as a rule. All the articles
and all things elfe, which the King of Spain was to promife, were
afterwards drawn up into the body of one entire treaty, whereof he
knew nothing. But the Prince fwore not all contained in the faid
volume, for much thereof belonged not to him, but to the King of
Spain, and he fwore only to thofe particulars, which were agreed he
Aiould fwear to, and fo it was exprefled by the Secretary at the taking
of his oath, in thefe very words, V. /I.juro io que a de jurar^promett§
que a de promefer. That the Prince fhould fwear that which it was
agreed he (hould fwear, and promife what was agreed he fhould pro-
mife. And indeed, in the body of every article, it is pundlually fet
down whether it be to be fworn, or figned, or to be promil'ed; and
this is the truth of that which really pafled, wherein, as he under*
flandeth tt^ there hath been committed no kind of error, neither did
he ever hear it queftioned until now. And he faith, that he did then
deal plainly with his Highnefs, as he doth now truly with his Ma-
jefty. . .

Interrog. 15. Did you not find by the Prince, that he took himfelf
negleded and attempted on to be opprefled,by the Spa ifli Minifters,
in their demands ? •■ ' - .

jinfiv. To thefirft part of this interrogatory he faith, that he doth
not remember that ever he found by the Prince, that he took himfelf
to be negledled, neither ever fiw he caufe for it, during the Prince's
being there ; for it was not poffible that there could be an higher elH-
matioa and value fet upon the worth and perfon of any man, than he
1 ^ underAuod

STATE PAPERS.

509

all the
lers on
perfonf
formal
ington,
illthofe
or pro-
articles
e, were
reof he
the faid
King of
rreed he
e taking
promett»
h it was
uld pro-
ually fet
ed; and
e iinder-
ither did
did then
his Ma-

himfelf
linifters,

It he doth

himfelf

prince's

rher clli-

than he

ideriluod

undcrftood ever to be in that Court, of the Prince's pcrfon and virtue, ^^^^^f ^
Petty omiflions in matter of ferviceor entertainment it may be there
were many, but other negleds he never remembereth to have ob-
ferved the Prince to take notice of, neither doth he believe that the
Prince ever did ; in which belief he is confirmed by his Majefty'ft
letters bearing date the i8th of Odober^ written fince the Prince's
roming home, in thefe words following, " We will that you repair
'• prefently to I'le King, and give him knowledge of the I'afe arrival
" of our dear fon to our Court, fo fatisfied and taken with the great
'* entertainment, perfonal kindnefs, favour, and refpeft he hath re-
•* ceived from that King and Court, as he feems not able to magnify
*' it fufficiently ; which maketh us not to know how fufficiently to
** give thanks ; but will that you by all means endeavour to exprefs
" our thankfulnefs to that King and the lell, to whom it belongeih,
" in the beft and moft ample manner you can." The Prince, by his
letters of the fame date, commandeth him to afiTure that King, that
he will never forget the favours he did him whilft he was in his Court ;
fo that he conceiveth he hath no caufe to judge that the Prince held
himfclf neglt'ded. For the fecoiid point, it is true, that, under co-
lour that the King of Spain was to take an oath to the P^pe, for the
performance of all that was by his Majefty promifed in point of reli-
gion, they infilled, as it were for a countcr-fecurity, upon many
things which were nevei before fpnken of; but it was well known that
he dealt freely with the Conde of Gondcmar, and the Conuc of Oli,-
vares, letting them know, that it was an unworthy and u difcour-
teous proceeding with his Ilighnefs, to make his condition ;hc harder
for the great obligation he had put upon them, by fo freely putting
his perfon into their hands. For they well knew that the bunnofs
was fettled and agreed with the Earl of BriRol bei'oie the Prime's
coming. And therefore, now to infift npon any thing further, was
neither noble nor fair proceeding. Hereupon they grew very dif-
coDtenied with him, and laboured, as much as was pofliblc, to avolj

bim>

1*1

510

STATE PAPERS.

J ^ ^^^ ^ ^- him, of all men living, in their further negoclation ; and that this was

^■' K ' really fo, and not now alleged by way of anfwer, will appear by his

letters unto his Majefty, of the gth of September 1623 ; fo that in

this particular he then did, and flill doth, much blame the courfe they

held with his Highnefs.

Interrog. \6, Whether had you ever any information given you
(as rifmg from faith to his Majefty) that the Match was not intended
hut to win time, except his Majefty would grant an abfolute tolera-
tion of religion in his dominions, and a reAoration of the rebels and
fugitives of Ireland to their edates ; and of any attempts to be made
«gain(l any of his Majefty*s dominions, if the Match fhould break?
jinfw. To the i6th he faith, that if any particular perfon, or the
time, had been fpeciiied in the interrogatory, he would have made a
.clear anfwer, which now he only can do by conjedlure ; for that divers
(fome by way of intelligence, fome to cozen him, and to raife dif-
truft, fet on by the Minifters of other Princes, that defired to crofs
the Match), have fpoken to him fomewhat towards the effed of this
Interrogatory. But the party that he remembereth to have fpoken
unto him, nearefl: to all the points of this interrogatory, was one
Mr. Lafcelles at Bruflels; but there was no kind of ground or pro-
bability in any thing that he faid; only, being in want, he defired
to hav,e got fome money of him, and pretended to ferve the King,
by way of giving intelligence, fo that he might have an entertain-
ment, which he promifed to acquaint the King withal, as he did at
his return ; but, as he remembereth, the King faid, he was an idle
cozening fellow, and would not give way to have any thing given
him. Divers others may have fpoken to him fomeihing tending to
this purpofe, whereof he remembereth not the particulars, but he
ufcd not to make fuch kind of men's frivolous or fancied adventures,
a rule tor the guiding of his adions and judgment: that which he
relied r n was, the folid judgment and advertifement of Sir Francis
Cottington, and Sir Walter Afton, out of Spain, as will appear by

their

V!.

STATE PAPERS.

51X

their fevcral difpatches; and his laft embafTage into Spain was JAMF.si.
grounded upon the aflurances and profeflions which were made in
Spain unto thcmt that this young King meant really to purfiie the
treaties, which were on foot with his father, and to proceed with his
Majefty in the fpeedy efFeding of them.

. Interrog. 17. Whether did you give advice to the Prince to ftay till
Chriftmas, and fo confequently to the Spring, in hope to bring the
Infanta with him ?

Anfw. He doth not remember pofitively to have given the Prince
any fuch advice, to ftay till Chriftmas or the Spring ; but thinketh,
that, by way of pondering and debating the cafe, he may have held
difcourfe with the Prince tending to that efFedl.

Interrog, 18. When the Prince was returned, and his Majefty
exprefl*ed to you, by his letters, his^ refolution to couple the proceed-
ings of the Match, and reftitution of the Palatinate together, and you'
had taken knowledge of it, why did you change your counfels, and
appoint a certain day for the defpoforiosy and that fo fhortly, as it
was no ordinary diligence that could or did prevent it?

Anfw. Firft, he faith, For his proceedings to confummate the
Match, he hath warrant and inftru£tions under the King's han^-
Secondly, It was the main fcope of his embaifage. Thirdly, He
was enjoined it by the King's and Prince's commandments under
their great feals. Fourthly, He hath pol'tive orders under the
King's hand by letters fince. Fifthly, It was agreed by capitulation.
to be within ten days after the coming of the difpenfation. Sixthly,
The King and Prince had fvvorn unto the treaty. Seventhly, They
fignified to him, by their letters at the very fame time, that they in-
tended to proceed in the marriage, and renewed the Prince's powers.
Eighthly, The powers were to that end left in his hands Ninthly,
The Prince's royal word, being in the body of the powers cng.iged,
that they (hould have due execution until Chriftmas, without rcv;)ca-
tion or impeachment, he could not flop them without exprefs order,
* which,.

\'v:

^ m

their

513

STATE PAPERS.

^^^bzlf ^' w^iclj, a8 foonashe ha<l. heobeyed. Tenthly, Hs lia^l overthrowa
the marriage wiihout ordtr, for the King of Spain protefted to be
free of the treaty* if the Jc/'o/urios (hould be tletcrred. Eleventhly,
He durftnot, without a precn'o \ irrant, put fuih a icoin upon a lady
whom he then eftcemed the iVincc's wife, or fpoufe at lead, for as
fuch he was commanded to fti \'c her, 7 welfthly, he was himfelf
fworn to the treaty. Laftly, He would not, in honour and honefty,
but endeavour to perform that puuiic truft which was repofed ia
him, when the powers were dcpolicd ill his hands, wii!i public and
legal declaration, taken into an inllrunient by the Secretary of State,
leading and direding the ufe of tliem, and this being now iujlrw
mentnmjlipulatum, wherein the King of Spain was intertftLJ, as
well by acceptation of the fubftitutes, as the Prince by granting the
powers, he could not in honefty fail that public truft, without clear
and undoubted warrant : arid indeed that was to be public, and
with confent, or at leaft with notice given of it to tlie King of Spain.
The Earl of Briftol now defireth, that all countermands may be pro-
duced, not in generalities, but in the formal words, and then it will
jippear if they be fuch as might warrant againft the above-fpecified
orders and reafons ; for he findeth (under favour) that what he hath
been charged withal, formerly by letters, and now is alleged to
have been direfted him, is far differing from any fenfe he could ever
make out of the fuppofed diredion ; and fo likewife what is affumed
out of his difpatches, wiil appear to be mifunderftood. But herein
he defireth that no regard may be had to general allegations, by
words of mouth, but that the original papers may be produced and
examined, and that by them the caufe may be truly ftated and
judged. But he further faith, that if the refolution fpecified in the
interrogatory had been an abfolute and dircft command, as it was
far from it (as will be after (hewn?, yet he had incurred no kind of
blame, for he had an abfolute anfvver in the bufinefsof the Pala-
tinate, as will ap()€ar by the joint Uii'patch of Sir Walter Afton and

himfelf,

STATE PAPERS.

be
;hly,
lady
)r as
mfelf
lefty,
led ia
ic and
State,
lujlrw
A. J, as
ng the
it clear
ic, and
' Spain.
be pro-
it will
"pecified
he hath
leged to
luld ever
alTumed
it herein
[ions, by
iced and
ted and
Id in the
i8 it was
kind of
:he Pala-
.fton and
himCelfi

himfelf, of the a^d of November: and the Condc of Olivares JAMES r.
wifhed them, upon their honours and their lives, to anfwer his Ma-
jefty, that he Ihould have entire fatisfadion : and fo much was in a
formal anfwer to have been delivered in writing, which was the
anfwer afterwards fent the Sth of January, before he could have de-
livered the Prince his powers : and both he and Sir Walter Afton were
fo confident that they had complied with his Majefly's defire hereini
that they gave him the Parabien thereof by their faid letters of
the 23d of November, writing as followeth : " We hope that your
*' Majefty may, according to your Majefty's defire fignified to me
*' the Earl of Briflol, by your letters of the Sth of Odlober, give as well
*' unto your Majefty's royal daughter, this Chriftmas, the comfortable
•* news of the near expiring of her great troubles and fufFerings,
*• as to the Prince, your fon, the congratulation of being married to
•' a moft worthy and excellent Princefs ;" by which it will appear
that he intended not to have left the bufinefs of the Palatinate loofe,
when he meant to have proceeded to the marriage. But he muft
confefs, that he was of opinion ever, that the beft pawn and affur-
ance his Majefty could have for the real proceeding in the bufinefs of
the Palatinate was, that they proceeded really by the eff^edling of
the Match. And this was ever the opinion of my Lords the Com-
miflioners, and of his Majefty himfelf, as will appear by his inftruc-
tionsof the 14th of March 1621, figncd with the King's hand, viz.
" We conceive if the King of Spain hath not a real and fincere in-
" tention of giving fatisfadion in that which concerns our fon-in-
•' law, he would never proceed to a conclufion of the Match. And
** we ihall judge it is an undoubted argument of his meaning to
" gratify us in the bufinefs of the Palatinate, in cafe he ftiall go
" on with the Match." And this opinion ftill continued in his
Majefty and my Lords; for in the King's letter of the 7th of
January 1622, his Majefty is pleafed to write: *' This was the
** rcafon that moved us, at the inftance of our Council, to urge the

3 U " bufinefs

i ■'•I

5'4

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I.
1634.

" bufinefs of the Pahitinatc, (o as to bring it to a fpeecly point."*
Not but that t!ic very precifcll of tJicm were always of opinion^
that if the Match were once concluded, the other bulincfs would be
accommodated to our fatisfadion : fo that he conceivcth, that had
this refolution been a precifc commandment, he had made no fault)
but had complied fully with it, in coupling the two bufinefles to-
gether; and had produced ample warrants for the direding of his
judgment therein: but he faith, the caufe is far different, for this
refolution of his Majefty was only fignified unto him by his letters
of the Bth of Odober, by which he is required fo to endeavour, that
his Majefty may have the joy of both at Chriftmas; which had been
cffeded, had he not been interrupted. And there was no other
way in the world but by proceeding to the marriage, jointly with fo
real a promifc as he had in the buHnefs of the Palatinate, whereby
there was any polTibility of fatisfying his Majefty's defire of having
the joy of both at Chriftmas, but that both muft otherwife be over-
thrown, for the Match was, by this diredion, for feveral refpeds, "ren-
dered impoftlble. Firft, a marriage being a reciprocal ad, the day of
celebration cannot be appointed but by a common confent of both
parties ; but the King of Spain would by no means condefcend to
the prolonging of the day beyond the term limited by the capitula-
tion, which was within ten days after the coming of the difpenfa-
tion, but made it formally to be protefted. That in cafe the Earl of
Briftol ftiould infift upon the deferring of the de/po/oriojy he would
hold himfelf freed from the treaty, the Earl of Briftol infringing the
capitulations. Secondly, although the King of Spain ftiould have
condcfcended to have had the defpoforios prorogued until Chriftmas,
yet was there another impoflibility, by reafon of the expiring of the
Prince's powers before; befides the fcorn which would have been put
upon the King of Spain and his fifter, by nominating a day for the
marriage, when the powers are out of date; and this is by his Ma-
jefty himfelf acknowledged, in his letter of the 13th of November
5 1623,

III

STATE PAPERS.

S^S

int.

uon,

Id be
had

Fault,

s to-

if hi»

' thi*

ettera

■, that

1 bceix
other

v'nh (o

hereby

having

e over-
Is, Ven-

I day of
both

cetxd to
jitula-
pcnfa-

Earl of
would
ing the
d have
TiftmaSi
of the
)een put
for the
his Ma-
ivember
1623,

1623, as follovrcth : ** We haVc received your letters of the 8th of JAMF.s r.
^' Odoher, and tlie copy of that power wliich was left by our dear v.— -^ — -J
♦' fon ; we have examined and approved your reafons, and do aflurc
*' you, that if we had feen the power left by our (on, before our lafl:
*' letter, wc had not written to you in the form wc did, in our letters
*' of the 8th of Odober, touching the time of Chriftmas." So that
it is apparent that the Earl of IJriftol is no way to be charged with
any inferences out of this letter, which the King himfelf ackuow-
ledgeth to liave been grounded upon want of due information. So
that all the fault that herein hath been committed, was certainly the
concealing of the expiration of the powers from the King, whicli
can noway be attributed to the Earl of Briftol. But prc-fuppollng
there had been no (uch error or miftaking, as his Majerty is pleafcd
to take notice of in his faid letters before, of the 8th of Odober, yet
the Earl of Brillol faith, he might not have done otherwife than he
^id, for there was nothing cxprefTed in the faid letter, but a defire
of his Majefty's, that the marriage fliould be at Chriftmas, but no
pofitive order that it fliould not be before. Nor in the bufmefs of
the Palatinate was there any order to make it a condition of the mar-
riage or to be annext unto it, as without it to break the marriage ;
whereas his main inftrudion, bearing date the 4th of March 1621,
under the King's hand, diredcth him as followeth : *' We would
•' have you by all means to prefs the reftitution of the Palatinate,
*• but not fo as to make the treaty of the marriage any way de-
** pendent thereon." And his Majefly in his letters of the 30th of
December, exprefling his meanfng in the former letters of the 8th
of Odober, faith, " We have received your joint difpatch in the 6th
•* of December ; (viz.) our words, that ever exprefs our meaning,
" were, that both our affedion and our dear fon's did conftantly
•* purfue, with all earneftnefs, the marriage with that excellent
'* Princefs ; our interpretation to you in dired terms was (as we
** declare it to be our meaning) not to prefs the reftitution of the

3 U 2 *' Pala-

■ II

5i6

STATE PAPERS.

'^1624^ '* " Palatinate and eleftoral dignity as a condition of the marriage."

Now the cafe flanding thuis, he referreth it humbly to his Majefly's
wifdom not only whether he be free from fault herein ; but whether,
without great fault and imprudence, he could have done otherwife ;
for he muft, upon inferences and collection (and thefe fuch as were
acknowledged to have been upon wrong information), have gone
againil his poHtive and clear orders and inArudion, under the King'ii
own hand. It is true, that an Ambaffador may fometimes take in-
ferences of warrants, but it muft be only when apparently it effe<fleth
or helpeth forward that which he is employed about, but not when
it overthroweth or crofleth the main drift and fcope of his employ-
ment, as it was in this cafe ; for the King of Spain requiring the
Earl of Briftol to proceed, or to free him from the treaty, he had
been highly faulty to have gone againft his Majefty's inftruftions,
and to have overthrown the errand he was employed in, without clear
diredlion and mandato fpeciali.

To the fecond claufe he faith, he did not change his counfcis, and
that, under corre<Slion, his difpatches have been much miftaken in
that point, for the cafe ftands as followeth : Sir Walter Afton and the
Earl of Briftol had ufed all induftry that was poflible to difcover how
the motion of the deferring of the defpoforios^ upon the coming of the
difpenfation, would be taken there, and finding an abfolute refolutioii
in the King, to proceed pumflually according to the capitulations,
within ten days after the coming of the difpenfation ; and at the fame
time likcwife getting advertifement from Rome, that the difpenfation
was granted, and would prefently be there ; upon this occafion, and
no alteration of his refoUuion (to the end that in fo great a cafe he
might have a clear and undoubted underftanding of his Majefty's
pleafure), he difpatched away wiih great diligence, letting his Ma-
jefty know, that it would not be poflible for him to protradt the
marriage above twenty-four days, unlcfs he ftiould hazard the break-
ing

STATE PAPERS.

ing of It, for which he had not warrant ; hut that this was no rcfo- ^^^^ff ^'
lution, nor that the King was no ways I'o ftraitened in time, as is
pretended, will appear by the difpatch of the Earl of IBriftors of the
24th of September 1623. In which, upon the fcruple that was made
of the Infanta's entering into religion, he writcth the fame which he
did in the difpatch of the ift of November, viz. That if the difpen-
fation ihould come, he knew no meana how to detain the powers
above twenty or twenty-four days ; fo *. although this difllculty
happened not until the middle of Noveiiber, yet it was forefeen
that it nvuft of ncceflity happen, when foe ver the difpenfation fhould
come, and there was warning of two months time given thereof,
viz. from the 14th of September until the 29th of November, which
was the day appointed for the dcfpoforiosy which were prevented
by the arrival of his Majofly's letters, commanding the ftay of them^
bearing date the 13th of November 1623,7?". '^'^^' ^o *^^t ^^ ^all
moft willingly fubmit himfelf to his Majefty's cenfure, which was the
fafer, or the dutifuller way, to have, upon inferences, overthrown fo
great a bufinefs, (for to that iflue it was brought), and he required
either to proceed to the dcfpoforlos according to capituiutions, or to
have fet the King of Spain free from the treaty ; or, on the other
fide, firft to have reprefented unto his Majefly, with truth and fin-
cerity, as he did, the true ftate of his affairs, with his humble opi-
nion, viz. That it fliould be judged a great difgrace to the perfon of
the Princefs, to have the niarriage deferred : That the King of Spain
would eftecm it a great fcorn put upon him, to have a day noniiuated
for the marriage, when the powers ihould be expired : 1 hat the en-
gagements by oaths, and othcrwife, on both fides, are grea^: That
the detention of the powers without fome emergent caufe, woulil
be fui)je<£t to conflru<f\ion : That this Match fo much defircd by
his Majefly would be overthrown, or at lead much time loft: That
the conclufion of the Match would in all likelihood fecure the refti-
tution of the Palatinate. And in cafe thefe reafons fliould not perfuade

his

1^'

! n

\ 11

IPr^^?!

^>«

STATE PAPERS.

1'^

l;i

Hi.:

1-,

JAMES I. his Majcfly to proceed, the Earl of Briftol intimated, that, for the
c _.^ honeft difcharge of the public truft that was repofed in him, when
the powers were by the King and Prince in truft depofited in his
hands, and for his fufficient warrant in fo great a cafe, he delired
clear and exprefs order which he yet had not, and in the interim
whilft his Majcfty hiight take into confideration thefe great inconve-
niences, the faid inconveniences were all fufpended by the faid Earl of
Briftol keeping the bufinefs in fair terms, that his Majefty might have
his way and choice, clear and unfoiled before him. To the end that
if he fliould command a ftay of the bufinefs, he might be obeyed ; if
he ftiould have thought fit that the Match fhould have proceeded (as
was by the Earl of Briftol believed), he might not have found his
bufinefs difordcrcd ; and in this difpofition were the King's afi'airs
upheld, until by his Majefty's and the Prince's letters of the 13th
of November, the Earl of Briftol had exprefs command not to pro-
ceed to the c/ef/'o/briosj which he readily and exadly obeyed. So
that the objedion againft the Earl of Briftol dependeth upon no adl
or fault committed, but merely upon an intention which was never
reduced into aO. : in which if there had been any obliquity or fault,
as there was none, the fault certainly was removed by his obedience,
before the intention was put in execution, for fo it is in cafes towards
God himfelf ; befides this is for fuch an intent as (is divulged and
pretended as a fault, againft him) was never meant. Ard for the
other fault of appointing a day, he faith, he never appointed any day
but was therein merely paflive, in admitting the day nominated by
the King of Spain, according to the capitulations, ac will appear by
Secretary Alvis his letters of the 3d of December.

Interrog. 19. Whether had you a rcfolution for the reftitution of
die Palatinate, and cftablifliment for the temporal articles, before
that day ?

Anjiv. For the firft part of this interrogatory, he conceiveth to
have fully fatibficd it, in his anfwer to the precedent article. Touch-
ing

STATE PAPERS.

5'9

ing the fecond part thereof, concerning the temporal articles, he J-^^fS I.
faith, that when the dcfpoforios was appoiuled to have been (as he
remembereth) on Friday the 29th of Auguft before the Prince's de-
parture out of Spain, which was only hindered becaufc the difpenfa-
tion came lioi, the Prince appointed bir Walter Afton and him^clf^
to meet with the Spani(h Commiflioners, aiul they drew up the heads
of the temporal articles, wherewith the Prince and the Duke of
Buckingham were made acquainted ; and in cafe the difpenfation had
come, and the dej'poforios been performed on that day, there had
been no other provifion made' for them before the marriage. But
prefently upon the Prince's departure, he caufed them to be drawn
into a form, and fent them to his Majefty on the 27th of September
1623, defiring to underftand his Majefty's pleafure with all poflible
fpeed, efpecially in cafe he difapproved any thing, but never received
notice of his difliking of any of them, until he recovered thofe letters
which put off the defpoforios. Yet notwithftanding. Sir Walter
Aflon and he were very careful to have fettled the temporal articles,
and they were nr*: only to have been figncd before the day of the
defpoforios, but they had begun to treat upon points of convey-
ance and confederation, as he fhall more particularly make known
unto his Majefty, when he fhall have the happinefs to wait upon

him.

Jnterrog. 20. When the approbation of the difpenfation came from
Rome (which, by a conditional article, was to come clear), why did
you accept of it without ftanding upon the juft exceptions, and fo
feem to redeem the King and his Minifters from the breach of the
treaty, and caft colour of fault upon his Majefty and the Prince, who
were wholly innocent, and had been clearly apparent fo, if you had
made right ufe of it ?

Anfiv. He faith, that when the difpenfation came from Rome,
it no way belonged to him to take exceptions unto it, neither did he

! -J

i .

520

STATE PAPERS.

II :> ;

j^AME s I. accept of it, for it was an article agreed, that his Majefty fliould have

"* nothing to do with the dlfpenfation ; but it being only for the fatis-
fadion of the King of Spain, he was to procure it in fuch fort, as
was to fatisfy his own confciencc; neither was it any thing to his
Majefty, whether there were any difpenfation or not. That there-
fore the difpenfation could not but be judged clear, when the King
of Spain refted fatisfied, and defired to proceed to the effeding of the
marriage, without infifting upon any further demands. And this was
truly the cafe, for the Conde de Olivares, the very night the difpen-
fation a rived, fent him word thereof, requiring to proceed to the
defpoforios according to the capitulations ; but he replied, that he
would take no notice of the difpenfation to be come, nor clear, until it
were in the King's hands, whereupon the next day divers Commif-
fioners came, dcfiring fome declaration, in fome points agreed of, and
the mending of fome words according to the journal of the treaty,
which was agreed (hould be the rule for the drawing of the articles,
but he abfolutely denied them all, refufing fo much as to change or
ado anyone word or tittle; and this he did only to gain time, as he did
for twelve days, to the end he might receive directions in the mean
time from his Majefty, ere he would fee any one condition or article
inftanccd, in which was added for the clearing the difpenfation by
him; and the Nuncio feeing he could get no more, delivered in clearly
the difpenfation to the King ; for his order indeed was to aflay the
getting of thofe alterations, but not fo to infift upon them, as any
way tci retain the bufincfs for them. Now when the difpenfation was
thus in the King's hands, and he, by his Secretary, advifing as much,
and that he was ready to proceed to the marriage, he corceiveth there
neither could, nor can qucftion be made of the clc.^rncfs of it, that
is to fay after it was in the King's hands ; for before, he admitted not
of it, as will well appear, for that he would not fufFcr the ten days,
within which, by the capitulations, the ikfpoforlosy were to be af-
ter the coming of the difpenfation, to be accounted from the arrival
3 of

STATE PAPERS.

521

lould have
• the fatis-
h fort, as
ing to his
hat there-
i the King
ting of the
id this was
the difpen-
;eed to the
:d, that he
ear, until it
rs Commif-
reed of, and
f the treaty,
the articles,
o change or
le, as he did
in the mean
n or article
lenfation by
:d in clearly
to aiTay the
em, as any
nfation was
ng as much,
civeth there
"s of it, that
iilmitted not
|lie ten days,
re to be af-
the arrival
of

of it in Madrid, but from the time that it was clear in the King's J AMES i.

° 1624,

hand. On the other fide he faith, he was careful to do nothing that
might clog the bufinefs ; for knowing how much his Majcfty had
defircd the Match, and being, by his Majeft/s letters of the 8th of
Odober, commanded to proceed to the marriage at Chriftmas, and
the Prince faying in his letter of the fame date, that he was induced
to yield to the deferring of the marriage till ChriftmaS, bccaufe the
King might have an anfvver before that time, in the bufinefs of the
Palatinate, and fo no time need to be loft in a bufinefs he defircd fo
much; and afterwards in the faid letter he faith, " I have written
*' this, that you may know from me, as well as from the King my
*' father, the intent of this direQion, which I alTure you is no way
" to break the Match ;" he leaveth it to his Majefty's juft and wife
judgment, whether it fhould not have been on the one fide, an un-
dutiful, unwife, and unfafe courfe for him to have raifed any fuch
difficulty, as Ihould not have been in his power always to allay it,
or as could not have been poflible to have been cleared fVom Eng-
land, before the lime defired by his Majefty, which was Chriftmas,
in cafe the King of Spain ftiould have been perfuaded to have pro-
rogued the dcj'poforios until then ; and on the other fide, to have done
or omitted any that might have given the Spaniard juft colour or pre-
text of delay, or drawn the default on myfelf. It having been then
made an obje£lion againft the bufinefs and himfclf, that all had been
treated only to gain time, and entertain his Majcfty, without any real
intention of making the Match ; and therefore it ill befitted him to
be the raifcr of any new delays, but to bring the bufinefs to a fpecdy
iftue; and yet he feemcth to remain under ccnfure, for that it hath
not fucceeded, fo that at one time he is qucRioncd to have proceeded,
and blamed bccaufe he fucceeded not. .Vs for the rcdccin'ng of the
King of Spain, and hi'? Miniftcrs, from the breach of the treaty, lor
cafting any colour of fault on his Majefty or llij-jhnefs, he concciveth
he cannot but be abfolutely free from it; for until after he was taken

3 X IVom

582

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. fj-oni the employment, he never underftood the treaty to be broken,
but only fufpended until the bufinefs of the Palatinate were fettled ;
for by all his Majefty's and the Prince's letters, even until he was
recalled, he never knew any other intent but to proceed therein ; and
to that end likewifc the Prince's powers were renewed unto him ; and
fmce the taking of the bufinefs off his hands, he faith, he hath fo
much defired the having nothing to do therewith, that he ingenu-
oufly confeficth, that he knoweih not how, or wherefore it was bro-
ken, on the one fide or on the oilier.

This is the moft humble anfwcr of the Earl of Briftol, intended for
his Majefly's private fatisfadion, together with fiich things as he
referveth to be delivered by word of mouth to his Majcfly, when he
lliall be permitted to wait on him : but if his Majeily fliall be
pleafed to call him to any further trial, he then declareth, ^or brevity
iake, and many other reafons, he hath relerved the greatcft and moll
important part of his defence, from which he defireih he may not
hereafter be debarred ; neither giveth himlclf for concluded by this
anfwcr, unlcfs his Majeily be clearly and fully fatisficd, as he hopeth
he will. He further humbly bcfcecheth, that he may not be charged
with any error in this his ani'wer, cither for dcfeft in words, or for
any thing that was not of fault before, or that can only be gathered
out of fome ihf'cil or error of his anfwer, and not out of things not
charged; fince he knowcth his Miijefiy's moft pious intent was, b/
ihefe qucflions, to have fuppofed paft faults examined, and not occa-
fion to be adminiflercd by them of committing new.

STATE PAPERS.

-oken,
:itled ;
le was

11 ; and
n; and
lath fo
ngenu-
as bro-

ided for
;s as he
vhen he
hall be
•breviiy
md moll
may not
1 by this
e hopeth

charged
s, or for

gathered
lings not

was, b/
QOt occa-

523

JAMES I.
1624.

No. xxviir.

Papers relative to the French Match,

[King James purfuing the fame weak fyflem of policy, that his fon
could not be honourably matched but with a Catholic Princefs,
opened a treaty for a marriage with France, as foon as that with
Spain was diffolved. He employed in the negociation two of his
principal courtiers and favourites, whofe names and characters are
fufliciently known from the hidorics of that time. It is proper to
obfervc, however, that the Earl of Carlifle (Hay) appears to have
been a Minider of a more generous fpirlt, and lefs tradable difpo-
fition, than his colleague Holland.

The following documents are publifhed, for the firft time,
from the originals, and as they open fome of the fecret paflages of
that negociation, are thought not undeferving the public notice.
The terms granted to the Papifts in favour of this marriage, were
as little compatible with the laws of the kingdom, or with found
policy, as thofe agreed to in the treaty with Spain, However en-
gaging and amiable the French Princefs was in her perfon and
accompUftimcnts, her fatal influence in the Councils of her huf-
band, and her conftant attachment to the Popifli intereft at home
and abroad, are too notorious to be enlarged upon here.]

From Secretary Conway to Lord Carlijle and Lord Fin-
land,

From the orl-
giiial-. in the
poirelliiin of
the Earl of
Hardwicke.

Right Honourable,

Rufford, 1 2th Aug. 1624.

YOUR joint letter of the 17th of this prefcntj^?". novo, I received
the nth late at night, by the hands of Cook. I did this
morning reprefcnt it to his Majcfty, who found it very ftrange that

S X 2 hif

524

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. l^Jg good brother fhould make fo ftrange ufe of his difpleafurc to his
Minifter* the Marquis de Viewvillut as to make his ambition or in-
ordinate actions refle£l upon his Majefty, and change, or give ftop
to fo happy a negociation.

His Majefty's pleafure is, that you jointly addrefs yourfclves to
that King, and that you declare to him, that his Majcfty cannot be-
lieve that his good brother the French King means to take up the
fafliion of Spain to intangle this bufinefs, of fo high and clear condi-
tion, with advancements and retracftions, to fpin out time and ex-
pcdlations unprofitably ; nor can his Majefty undci ftand it for rca-
fon, to change the ftate and degree this treaty was in, by difavowing
his Minifter, who being, according to public faith, in his general
calling and pradice, and further authorifed by a letter of credit,
with which alfo hath concurred the overtures and aftiirances of that
King's Extraordinary Ambaflador the t Marquis de Fiatt.

Further, his Majefty's pleafure is, that you declare to his dear
brother, that he experts that King, for his own honour as well as
for refpedt to his Majefty, and for the good faith which he repofeth
in that King's Minifters, (hould make good their overtures and pro-
mifes to him, and not fufter him to partake of the wrong and pu-
niftiment, which is but that which his Majefty would make good
to his dear brother in the like cafe, howfoever he ftiould punifti the
Minifter; for it is eafy to fee, how unfafe it is to treat at all, if the
difavowing of a Minifter fhould be a juft fatisfadlion to the treaty,
and a difcharge to that King that ftiould fo difavow his Minifter.

Further his Majefty' i pleafure is, that you declare to that King,
tblt in cafe he ftiall refoive, by the difavowing of the Marquis de
Vieuviiie, after his MajeAy's proteftation, that he cannot agree to any
article, nor go further than the letter which was required, and which
he hath confentcd to, and fhall profs his Majefty to further articles,
which the government and reafon of ftate of his kingdoms aild

* Juft removed from being SurintenJant des Finances,
t Ambaflador here.

people

STATE PAPERS.

58^

people will tint permit, he can make no other conflrudlon of it, but J
that the mo{\ Cliriflian Kiiv^ his brother fecks occafion to break the v
treaty ; and To his Majefly wills that you declare that nccclTarily to he
an end of the treaty, which his Majcfty hath purfucd with fo paf-
fionate affcdion, and for fo good ends, both for Chriftcndom and
thelc two crowns. His Majcfly's plcafure is, you prefs earneflly
thatKin;.^ upon tlu'fo points, and lay down to him in writing, both
what the Mari|uis de Vi'.uvillc faid to you of the fatisfadion fliould
be taken by a letter, and that not to leave that King liich a gap to
fcape out by; as alio the affiiranccs given to his Majefty by the
Marquis de I'iatt, which, added to your own arguments, will be fuf-
ficicnt to reduce him to the conditions propounded, or bring it to a
rcfolution, that tlie treaty is wholly ended.

And if you (hall not find that before this come to you, or upon
thefe remonftrances, that King (hall not have retracted that ftrange
drawing off, but rcfts upon his power to decline the accord upon the
difavowing of his Minifter. His Majefty*s pleafure is, that you
require of that King permiffion (in the company of fomc confident
fervant of that King), to have accefs to the Marquis de Vieuville,
to the end to demand of him, by what warrant he moved the Lord
Kenfington to afTure his Maje(\y that a htter * only under his Ma-
jefty's hand (hould be fatisfadtoi y, that fo Vieuville's condemnation
wholly, and his Majefty 's fatisfadion in part, may come out of
Vieuville's own mouth.

And this is that which I have in charge, which, for obedience
to your commandments, I have hafted fo, as you find al)undance of
errors ; excufe it for his fake that fuhmits all he may be valued by
otherwife, to the mere affedion of being efteemed, &c.

Your Lordihip's, &c.

* This letter related to Csme terms for the Papilh. which the King did notchufe to avow
jpublicid/.

people

SiC)

J A M E S 1.
1624.

STATE PAPERS.

From U^altcr Montague to the Earl of Carlijte,

I'll ,■•
it,

My Lord,
n|~^HIS day being Saturday, fincc the arrival of Monfieur dc la
Riviere, Monf. dc Fiatt came to court, bringing the inftrudliona
he had received out of France to prefent to the King the ahcra-
tion of many words in the King's laft explanation, which they pre-
tended to be prejudicial to the Pope, and the alteration of them to
be noways to us. He alledgcd this reafon for this laft demand, that
they had treated with the Nuncio to procure the delivery of tlic dif-
penfation, letting him know the neccfTity of making the marriage,
and the impoHibility of obtaining their laft demand ; how far the
King of France had prefled them to the hazarding of the bufinefs,
fo that there was no more to be expeded but the King's laft expla-
nation, which he (the Nuncio) confidering, took exceptions at many
words that tended, he faid, more to the negled than the fatisfadion
of the Pope, which words he advifcd them to endeavour to change,
and copied over the laft explanation, with many omiftions and ad-
ditions, which of themfelves can no longer endanger us, but by the
ill confequence any change now may bring with it : this laft ahcration
of theirs they would have figned and dated, as the firft are, to avoid
the inconvenience of any new treaty ; and upon the grant of this
they pretend the difpenfation may be delivered ; and * Vilie aux Clercs
writes, that you will fecond this their requeft; fur the King of
France's letter to De Fiatt, commands him to obey Villc aux Clercs'
order. De Fiatt, to fvvceten this, told my Lord, that this was not
in the way of treaty, but of a civil requeft from the Iviiig of France
to the King of England, to defire hifi favour in that which might
import him his peace with the Pope, and np way dillurb our King

* French Secreiary of Stute.

with

STATE PAPERS.

517

with any cfTential alteration : fo that fince the King of L'ngland J
might purchafe io himfclf fo great an obligation, and fo important a v
fecurity to the Xing of France at fo cafy a rate, he did njt doubt of
his chearful eml)racing it.

My Lord '' at firft was ftartled at the name of changing, but at laft
went up to the King with both the copies," the King's own explana-
tion, and il»c new one that came out of France, and came down
with this anfwcr; That the King wondered much that the King of
France his brother would perfuaile himfelf, that fince this agree-
ment he would be brought to alter the Icaft tittle agreed upon ;
that he might as well alter all the treaty as this particular ; and
that it concerned him only to fatisfy him, not the I'ope ; and
fince he was fatisfied, he might find fome other means to content
the Pope ; and being it was but in the way of a rcciueft, he could
anfwer him no way, but by a requeft to pardon him for the refufal
of it : and that when he fliall hear from his Ambafladors accord-
ingly, he would make his anfwer by them. Dc Fiatt then under-*
took to connfel my Lord, as a friend, to refer it to the Ambalfa-
dors; that they, if they found it no ways prejudicial to the King,
might aflcnt to it ; if they did, to refufe it. My Lord anfwercd again,
that he could refer nothing to them which he had not received from
them, therefore he ought to pay them that rcfped, as to determine
of noililng without their advice, which he expedcd fliortly : fo Fiatt
was very well fuisfied, and refolved to expcdyour letters, and upon
the:n to fend his anfwer. My Lord hath writ to you, by this bearer,
l:is nuiul in this point, prelfcd you much to difpatch De Fiatt's bu-
fmefs, which, wo cxpeil by Goring's t journey, depends all upon
that, and the railing of 40,000 1, which will take fome days, do we
wiuit we can. Your Lordlhip will have fent away concerning this,
before this come to you ; this relation I made bold to trouble you
with, as having the honour to be prcfent at it. You both know the

AMES J.
1624.

♦ t'l'ir.vav.

t Sir G, Goring,

heart

i-n

I -

528

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES r. ficaxt and the head ; the former will excufe thii, and all the reft of
my prefumptions. The Lord Steward's * place, the King fays, fliall
be no more difpofcd of.

The Prince being inqulfitive concerning your differences with the
Miniflers, I made him the trueft relation my memory could furnifli
mc with; in all particulars his Highncfs juilificd you (o much, that
he faid if you had done lefs yot^ n:ight have paffed for kind men, but
not for wii'c, and this I will make good upon him.

I have made him in love with every hair in Madam's head, and
fwears (he Ihall have no more powder, til he powder her himfclf.

My Lord Duke vowed to-day before De Fiatt, to do all he could
to bring Holland the garter; how much that is you know.

My fuit is, that if ever you have occafion to Ipeak to the blcfled
Queen X o^ J*"y ''^ thing, that you exprcfs it by naming me, for
that's the only way I can liope flie fliould care to hear of me again.

Thus hoping I have been fufficiently troublefome to your Lord-
(hip, I reft, &c. &c. &c.

1 know not the day of the month f.

caub

cr 2.

From Lord Carlijle to the Duke of Buchijigham,

Our mort noble Lord, Pails, Od. 2, 1624.

TF Mr. Packer's of the i^ih had brought the wound without the
cure, we mean his Ilighncfs's mifchance^, without his recovery,
we had been rwaiJovved up in forrow and confufion ; but the aflu-

• Duke of Ri' hmond, who wr.s ilti.J.
\ Quccn-nKthcT of France.
f Walter Montaf»ue, the writer cf this let-
ter, afterwards turned I'.ipiil, and died .\bbot

cf Pcntoiff, rftor thp rcflor.ition. He was
(ecMid ibii to the liarl cf Mancheller.
^ A fall from his horfe.

ranee

STATE PAPERS.

520

ance he gives uSt that he is now well and merry, mlniftcrs to us that JAMRS i.
abundance of joy, as we cannot contain from multiplying in humble
thanks to your Lordniip, who have been pleafcd fo carefully to de-
rive unto us the greateft happincfs that could be, from the brink of
the greateft mifery and affltdlion ; of this duty therefore wc acquit
ourfclf firft, and in the next place cfteem it an cffedl of much noblc-
nefs and favour, that you carry fo free and open an heart to us, as
to communicate all that pafTes betwixt this King and your Lordfhip,
out of whofe letter we colle£led, what was carefully concealed from
us before, Pere Hyacinth's overtures to the Minifters of this State
touching the Palatinate; which gave us occafion to found the Car-
dinal * in that point ; who finding it ftrange, that wc fhould come
to have any notice thereof (the friar having ftipulated an oath from
them to conceal it from us, out of a pretended conceit of our avcrfe-
nefs to his propofitions, and a hope to find a more fatisfatflory an-
fwcr from the King himfclf ; who (faid he) had heretofore in a
manner agreed to the motions) after that he had undcrftood from
us, that we had received fome touch thereof from England (as now
freed from his oath), he ingenuoufly related to us the whole ftory ;
letting us know the offers to be, the reftitution of the Lower Pala-
tinate in prefcnt, the reftitution of the Upi)er upon tlie reimburfe-
ment of twelve millions towards the expcnce, which the faid Duke
pretends to have made in thofe wars ; but with condition of quitting
the Eledorate for ever, or at Icaft (and upon a modefter fuggeftion
of this State), till it might dcfccnd upon a Catholic branch of the
Prince Palatine's own ftock. Whereupon we let him know the
falfehood of the friar, in allcdging that facility in the King our
mafter to fuch unreafonable conditions, and then how acceptable a
thing it would be to his Majcfty, if this King and State would be
pleafed henceforth to ihut their cars to fuch impertinent intercourfcs:
Whereupon the Cardinal replied, That they had not liftened thus

• Kichlieu.

3 Y

£ir

530

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. far to any Other end, than by amufing the Duke wltli fortic hr.pcs,
u ■■.• ~i to conceal the better their mure lecrct iiitcntiuiis and rcCoIutions ;
and that from henceforth they vvouki j)ut him over to us, >Nlu)m he
widied to entertain friendly, that it miglit help likevvife the bettor
to cover their defigns> \vhich (faid he) ihall be lailicr wiih the iword
than pen or tongue; and to that purpofc aflurcd us that there wore
new commilUons forth for the raifing more forces towards an army
' of 1 6,00 :> men, which the King meant to put forth in the Mcflin, and
to conduct the fame in his own royal perfon. In tlie other bufincfs.
which your letter touches upon, we have ftirrcd nothing, neither
do we intend, till wc receive a new commandment upon noble
Goring his relation, wliom we cxpeQ daily; and fo we dclire your
Lordfliip to do Monfieur de Botru from hence, whom this King
means to port away, to congratulate the Prince his happy delivcnuiec
from fo defpcrate a danger. He will come in a private quality, but
merits the entertainment of the grcatcft Ambaflador, both for tlut
height of favour he is in with the King and Quecn-mothcr; hiij
intimatencfs with the Cardinal, and fingular good ofllces he hath
done in our bufincfs, which alone will make him welcome to your
f.ordlhip, whole hands we here moil humbly kiis, refting in all
liumble devotion, 6cc.

P. S. That of Kotrii wc humbly befecch your Lordfliip to Im-
part unto his Majefly and Iligbnefs in great feeret, and fo to keep it
till you hear further iVom us ; for with this caution were we made
privy to it. Your Lordfliip likevvife will plcafo to rcprefcnt how
cordially they proceed here in Mansfield's buHncfs; who has not
only his money paid him, but his troops here arc ready to march.
.So faith tlie Cardinal, and therefore defires a like ijuickand cfFedual
difpalch of him in England, which your Lordlhip is intrcatcd to
procure "*'.

• Thii Botru went not, but hi< brother, a witiy gcntlcnir.n, and f.ivourjto of the Queen-
mcther'.*.

c lir.pcs,
Unions ;
khom he
ic hcucr
lie I'wotJ
crc were
an army
1:111 n, and
: bullncfs.
, neither
on no'bic
;lirc your
liis King
^livcrauco
alitv, but
I for that
■)thcr; his
:s he hath
\e to your
ing in all

hip to im-
to keep it
wc niatlc

dent how

\o hcis not
to niarcli.
1 efVediial

ntrcatcJ to

of ihc (^ccn«

STATE PAPERS.

//; l/je Earl of Carlijles Hafid-writingi

TT will be ncceflTary his Majefty's pleafure fliould be exprcflfcd In
the inftrudions, in what form lie will be conteiit the marriage
{hall be foleninized by procureur in France. In the treat * for Ma-
dame Chriftieiine, his Majcfty did allow of the form which was
ufcd in the marriages of the laft French King with Queen Margue-
rite and of that King's filler with the Duke of Bare j but his Ma-
jcfty then required, that after the coming of the Lady into Fngland
there might be fomc new adl performed before fomc of our liilhopsi
for the ratifying of what had been done by procurtui., by the decla-
ration of the perfons themfelves. and that thereupon they fhould re-
ceive the blcfllng of our church.

The French CommifTioncrs dillikcd liiis demand, as derogating
from the rights of their own church ; and laft of all required to
]n:)\v wiiat the form of the ad fliould be, which was to be icocatcd
!'. ' iigland. It will be in vain to expcd a marriage without a re-
n! ; liation; for bciidcs that all their treaties with other States run
I n\ that ftrain, they hold it moft ncccflary to be ftipulatcd with us
1 rcci;aril of our otlicr pretcnfions, which they will not admit fliould
ne fortified by a new title, notfo much as to the collateral fucceffions:
bcfidcB, the two elder fifters having made renunciations, the youngeft
miift not C'lpcft to be treated with more favour, and abfolutely it
will b" labour in vain fur tis to cxpetfl li. It is alio to be remem-
bered, thp.t in the treaty wiih Madam Chriftiennc, his Majefty did
admit of the re'.in!Kialion for the dircd line, rcfufing only the
co11atci;d.

The lilcc may Iv: Uid for the rciiabm Cement i", which is a general
condition exprclled in ail treaties lor the daughters ot France, and

53J

JAMES r.
1624.

• In 1616.

I Of ihc ponion.

Y 2

was

5Zi

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES r. Y^as not forgotten in the treaty his Majcfty made for his own daugh-
V. — , — J ter with the Eledor Palatine, and it leemeth to be grounded upon
rcafon and juftice ; for otherwifc, if the Lady Curvive her hufliand,
and have a defire to return into her own country ami marry again,
cither flie inuft be endowed the fecond time, or elfe in fecond mar-
riage muft depend wholly upon another ftatc for her maintenance*
and their portion, having nothing to prefer her but her jointure,
which may be made fo much the lefs, according to the cuftom of
France, if you admit of a reimburfement.

Touching the charges of the tranfportation, they offer to defray
her till fhe embarked, and you to tranfport her in your fliips. After
Ihe is arrived in England, will you think fitting the French fhould
bear her charges to London ? Touching the jewels which are de-
manded to the value of i5',ooo/. fterling, it is an article which ia
expreffed in all treaties, and is of fo fmall a proportion, as is not to be
ilood upon.

From Secretary Conway to the Ambajfadors,

Oftol). 5th,

1624.

Right Honourable, London^ OH. sth^ 1624.

T N a part of my laft to your Lordfhip, I gave you an account how

his Majefty had put in deliberation with his Council Conte Mans-
felt's propofitions, as alfo the advice the Lords had given for his
Majefty to comply in every part of them ; but with condition, Firft,
To fee the French King's hand both for ratification of the articles
and conditions of the whole adion ; as alfo for approbation of the
rendezvous of the Englifli to be made in France, their quartering,
marching, and conjundlion with the French, and cafe and favour ia
retreat, cither in particular articles or general terms; but howfoever,

STATE PAPERS.

533

daugli-
:d upon

y again,
nd mar-
Ltenance*
jointure,
uftom of

to defray
.9. After
;h (hould
;h are dc-
which ia
J not 10 be

ff'S,

1624.
count how
mte Mans-
;en for his

tion, rirft,
the articles
ion of the
(juartering,
il favour iiv
howiocver,
to

to be aflTured and confirmed by that King's fignaturc made authentic. ^^J^^^^f ^'

His Majefty hath now fo far approved of the Count Mansfclt's pro-

pofuions, and the advice of his Council, yet with refervation of this

unmovable pofition, That the hand of his dear brother the French

King muft declare his conjumStion in the action, before he put into

execution any thing. Yet thus far his Majefty hath moved, he hath

fsgncd a warrant unto his Council of war to pay unto Count Mans-

felt, fo foon as the French King's hand fliall be fcen, to the eP[cO:

above fpecified, 15C00/, in afhfting of his charge and arming of his

troops ; and 2000 /. a month, fo long as the adion fhall laft to the ends

to be directed.

His Majefty hath further confented to the levy of 12000 men by
prefs, to be tranfported at his coft to the rendezvous in France ; letter*
for the mufters are in hand, and commifTions to be expedited, wherein,
for the honour of our nation, and as a good prefage, we hear by
Count Mansfelt, that the young Lord Hay's * good fortune fliall
guide a fourth part of the troop. His Majefty hath witten his let-
terc of moft gracious and fcrious recommendation unto the Prince of
Orange, my Lords the States, and thofc of Embden, for favour to the
perfon, freedom and equity to be flicwcd to Count Mansfelt in his
pretences, palTage, rendezvous, and accommodation, with an intima-
tion of the merit of his paft and future anions, done and to be done,
for the public good, and particular intercft and fervice of his Ma-
jefty's dear children.

His Majefty hath commanded mc to fliew your Lordfliip how far
he is advanced upon this work ; the rather for your confidence, en-
couragement, and recommendation, and to the end that he may not
extend himfclf further in a work of oftentation, that may fuccced vain,
nor make fruitlcfs expcnces, v/hich the prcicnt condition of this ftatc
hath Icaft need of; he commanded me to make this cxprcfs difpatch
to you, of which he requires an anfwcr with all the expedition you

• Son to Lord Carliflc.
4

may>

534

STATE PAPERS.

J^'^J'^ '• may, and there cannot appear a better ground for your Lordfliip's

prefling a clear underflanding in this point, than the firft motions of
this cominn- ' om France; the fliortnefs and neceffity of time re-
quiring fpecM/ execution, which challengeth, of neceflity, an ex-
preflion under that King's hand of his confent for .'c landing, quar-
tering, and marching of the Englifh, to keep it from being an aCt of
hoftility, and is conlbnant with tlic league of defence which, by your
inftrudions, you arc to treat for before the alliance, but was remitted,
for comelinefs' fake, until the treaty of the marriage had an ifliie.

This is the charge that 1 have received, to which 1 can add no-
thing, but the cdabliflunciit of a nohic pcrfon. Sir Robert Naunton
into the Maftcrlhip of the Wards; and the effeds of an outrageous
ilorm which cart a fliip of his Majclly's into a great deal of danger
upon a land called the Brake, from whence Ihe was hardly faved ;
a fmall pink of my Lord Admiral's funk, and all the fhips difor-
dcred, and thirteen or fourteen call away, with all their men. One
of the Dunkirk fliips cfcapcd by plain failing, and au'th. r attempted
it in that great ftrefs of weather, hut wIk her clciqcd or funk we
know not yet, but a great difordci li;;|i| m : -ipon her attempt to
go; for a Hollander falling upon h'l , ihe Kind's (hip came into
j)art them, and letting lly ccjually .u thoiri both, with blows of the
cannon ccjually diAributcd, pcrfiiadcd them to peace. How the
King will take that faucincfs at the Hollander's hands I know not.
And now like a gentle and fwect calm after this llorm, give mc leave
to tell you the King at Royfton, tiianks be to CIckI, and the Prince at
Hanipton Court, are both in good health, and the moll excellent Duke,
gracious Ikickinghatn, is fccking after health, in Wallingford houfe,
with a thcarfnl t:iiiul and glad countenance, which makes him hope
he is in the way to find it. And if J know i'l what way to put my-
Iclf to hnd your commandments, and obey ihcm to your advantage,
I would travel to any part for them ; from whence I btfcech you to
iud^je that I attend ihein hero with the devotion of

Your Lurufliip's moll humble and

obedient fcrvanv, cvc. Qcc.

rdfliip's
)tion8 of
:ime re-
an ex-
g, quar-
m ad of
by your
•emitted,
I iffue.
add no-
Nauntoa
itrageous
>f danger
ly faved j
ips difor-
:n. One
ittcmpted
funk we
t tempt to
imc in to
vvs of the
How the
now not.
inc leave
Prince at
cnt Duke,
jid huulc,
him hope
put niy-
ici vantage,
cl\ you to

.'ice.

STATE PAPERS.

Frcm Lord CarliJJc to the Prince,

535

JAMES I.
1624.

May it plcafe your Ilighnefs, Prt/vj, Oc}. Jtb, i()i^.

A S your Ilighncfs will perceive by our letters to Mr. Secretary, o^obcr j\\^.
we have preficd, by all the arguments and iuflauces we were able,
fird the acceptance of his Majcfly's letter inrtead of the ej'crlt p>v.'i-
cnlicr, and afterwards that they would join with us in a real affocl-
ation, for the rcfloring of the Palatinate, and patrinionial dignities
of his Majefty's children, en Iciir picinicrc cjlvc, after fuch time as
the marriage Ihould he concluiLd and confummatc, offering in the
mean while to content ourfdvcs with a proniife in writing, to be
figned by this King aiul his CommifTioncrs, for tiie real performance
thereof, with alTurancc alfo, that in the mean while they would not
di.ii(l to purfuc their preparations and aifluai expeditions, fuitablc to
their fo frecjucnt proniifes and pretences. But wc have received a
Hat negative to our faid propofuions, which gives us occaii(Mi to ful-
pccl either their fidelity, or elfe that the Marcjuis D'tOiat doth from
time to time give thena fuch afl'urances of our facility in England, as
doth travcrfe all our ncgociationa here. It may therefore pleafc your
liighnefs to give your lumiblell iervant leave, out of his zeal and
devotion to your liighncfs's fervice, to rcprcfent unto your Iligh-
jiefs, that our endeavours here will I)C fruitlefs unlcfs you fpeak unt>>
the French Ainbalfador in a higher flrain, and that my Lord of Buck-
ingham alfo hold the fame language unto him. It is true tliat they
do olTor unto us this King's word for their ani/lancc, and that their
And)anador fliall give iiis Mujcily the like aifurance; l;ut what alfu-
rancc can be given to the verbal promifc of this people, who arc fo apt
to retrad or give new interpretations to their former words (cfpeeially
in a bu'uiefs of this high nature and importance), your Higlnief:;,out
of your excellent wifdom, will cafily difccrn ; neither will there be

3 any

iSS

STATE PAPERS.

*ij

JAMES I. j^y liazard in fpcaking to the Ambaflador ia a high language, con-
V— .— -^ fidering how we have them here locked up, and engaged to conclude
the marriage, wlienfoevcr we (hall condefcend to their demands,
touching the efcrit particul'ur\ and wc are confident that if we may
be vigoroufly aflifted in England, we fliall draw them to better rea-
fon touching our fecond propofition, wherein it will be too much
hazard, and lefs honourable to leave them loofe, and to engage our-
felves. And wc are the rather of opinion that, notwithftanding the
countenance ihey make, they will be brought into rer.fon rather than
they will break off this matter, wherein they receive fuch full iatis-
fadlion to all their demands. The Queen Mother having openly
declared ** qu'il mcriteroit d'eflrc lapidc qui 8*y oppofcroit;" but I
leave all to be weighed in the balance of your Highncfs's incompa*
rable judgment, and with all humility, attend your Highncfs's fur-
ther commandments. As being, Sec. Sec.

From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Conway,

Right Honourable, Par'ts^ Ocl. iQtht 1624,

Odlob. 18th. ACCORDING to your order, that yours of the 25th brought
U8, we fuft prcfented to the Commiflioners here his Majefly's *
letters to be figned only by his own royal hand, and preffcd it by all
the arguments that either you fuggefted or our own reafon miniflred
unto us ; but we did finr a fong to the deaf, for they would not en-
dure to hear of it. In the next place we offered the fame to be fur-
ther figned by his Highncfs and a Secretary of State, wherein we
pretended to come home to their own aflting ; but this would not

• Thij rclatcJ to fuinc favours to th.- C.uholics, which were not to be made pulilic.

iervc

STATE PAP E U S.

5^.7

c, con-
oncludc
emands,
wc may
itter rea-
)o much
age our-
iding the
ther than
full iatis-
g openly
ti" but I
incompa-
nefs's fur-

onway.

'», 1G24.
th brought
VlajeRy's *
cd it by all
n miniftred
iild not cn-

to be fur-
vhcrein we

would not

laJe pulilic.

iervc

fcrvc the turn neither fthou.t^h lopg and earncflly contcAed by '«5}, J -^ ''/,''""' ^"
for out of a confidence they had, that his Majcfty would not fcrupu-
loufly iiifift upon the fonnaiity of an F/cripty they had fent that to
Rome, and made it the bafis of all their work towards the Pope's dif-
penfation, and therefore if they fhould now go about to change the
foundation, they fliould hazard the whole fabrick, and leave the Pope
poflelfed of jealoufies that the Kint^ our Maftcr did but feck ways of
more cafe how to elude the Catholics cxpedation. And when they per-
ceived tliat we continued to make new replies againft this allegation,
they endeavoured to cut all fliort by telling us, they wondered n)uch to
fee fuch llilTncfb in us ; when, as Monfieur de Fiatt had written to thcni
from the King our Mafler's own mouth, his Majefly had accord-
ed whatfoever they fought both for matter and form. We then
offered to become the Marquis's interpreter, which was, by flicwing
all that fulfilled in this letter, fo figned as was meant ; but when
they went further lo afliirc us, that the grant was even to their own
prefcribed form, we pretended much ftrnngenefs at the matter, fince
we had received letters of a far other tenor ; but here fitly inferred,
upon his confidence of theirs, that if the King our Maftcr was pleafed
to come fo thoroughly home in r;'l and every point of their demands,
we hoped they would meet us by s frank and pundual obfcrvance
of thofe promifes, which they might remember to be folemnly made
at the beginning of this treaty, that no fconcr fliall the articles of
marriage be accorded, but before ever they prefled the figning of
them, they would enter into another treaty o*^ league, not only de-
fenfive but offenfive, for the Palatinate, and to prepare thefc articles
alfo to be figned with the former. We found them not a little fur-
prized by the motion ; for Monlieur de la Ville-aux-Clercs had caufed a
fair draft of the articles for the marriage to be maile, in hopes to fee
all our hands to them before wc parted. Their anfwcr wjs, that, for
a defcnfive league, there was one already, and if we thought that any
force might be added to it by renewing it, they were very ready fo to

3 ^' do ;

:4'i>

ill
l

538

STATE PAPERS.

IMiJ

W^.

it* 5
h a f

JAMF. s r. do i but, for the oircnfive one, ihcy never promifed any till the mar-

" \'— ' riage fliould be confiimmatcd, and then meant it not under writing,

but by fuch a real and adual performance, as they prcfumed would
be more latisfailory than all the articles in the world. We then fliew-
cd their own fcnfe to them, and convinced tlicir confcicneci', by a prc-
cife repetition of :heir own words, firrt iij general to enter upon a
treaty of the league, and then every one's in particular, flicwing
what league; " donnez nous dea preflres, quoth the C'ardinal, et
*' nous vous donnerons des Colonels ; donnez nous du fade pour con-
" tenter le Tape, (fjys le Vicuville,) et nous nous jetterons dans vos
'• intercfts ii corps perdu; and fuitably fpakc the Chancellor, nous
'• efpoulcrnns touts vos interefts comtne nos propres." All which
they confeflcd, but pretended to have fufficiently faiit>ficd by the
a«^ual concurrence of this King, which they commended further, by
promifmg it in as large a latitude as his Majefly's heart could defne
it. But to capitulate with us in writing, would but cafl rubs in the
way of their difpenfation, and make it altogether impolllblc, finco it
mud needs highly offend the Pope to hear they fliould enter into an
on'cnfive league with Heretics againft Catholics, and was like f'o far
to fcandalize the Catholic Princes of Germany, as this Kinjj; fhouli!
lole all credit v.ith them, whom yet he hoped to win to their better
party, liut in this point we filenced them by propounding this quel-
fion to them, Whether they would chufe rather to incur the unjufl:
oflencc of uncertain friends, or the juft offence of him that w.is likely
to be the befl friend they had in the world ? And ihen the difTu-ulty
of the difpenfation we removed, by complying with them thus far,
that the public treaty fliould be fuTpended till that was obtained, pro-
vided that, for the prcfent, they would procure a promife under thia.
King's hand and their own, that when that danger fhould be once
avoided, they would give his Majc.'ly that full I'aiisfadiim which is
now required, and in the interim would adually perform, on their
p«it, towards Mansfcld's expedition, as much ab the King our Mailer

2 il\ould

I-

STATE PAPERS.

5:9

iliould do on his. Their anfwcr was, That ihey couM not conde- J
fccnd to any thing in writing; but if the King's faith and promifc
would fcrvc the turn, that fliould he renewed to us here, and to his
Majofly hiccwife by their Anihadador in England, in as full and
ample manner as we could iici'nc it. We told them, that Princes
were wont to build great dcligns, fuch as were thofe of peace and
war, upon furcr foundations than bare words. And why, quoth
Count Schomberg, fliould you call into doubt the King's word, cfpc-
cially in a matter wherein his honour and intercrt are as far engaged
as thofe of the King your MaHcr's ? You do not hear us, anfwercd
we, call the King's word in (lucflion ; but if he be fo far intcrellcd as
you pretend, give us leave to find it i'o much the more ftrange, that
lie makes fuch great diiricultics, to oblige hiinfclf to thcin by writing.
The fmal conclufion of this conference was, that they would confult
the King's further plcafure herein, and let us know a full rcfolution
the day following. But tbcn likewifc we received a flat negative to
cither of our demands ; ncitlier availed it ought to allege unto them
the King's own prt mifc tot'ulcm verbis to the contrary, no more
than it did to rcfound in their cars the reafon and equity of our mo-
tion othcrways; bcfidcs the good grace wherewith he might eternally
oblige the King our Maftcr, in an occafion that tended equally to his
own hf^nour and profit, anu -u-hiLh being loft, there was no appear-
ance of ever meeting with ih:.' like to endear his cordial afiVilion to
him. To all which they had nothing to reply but to inculcate their
former oifcrs.of the King's verbal aifurancc ftill, and to make a
buckler of their forwardnefs in Mansfeld's bufinefs, to whom they
had not only advanced thc-ir own monies, but that which chc State
of Venice was quoted to likewifc, fo to remove the inconvenience that
might happen in the levies of his troops through ihrir ilacknofs. They
l>ad no will tc tell us the reafon that the Venetian Ambailador plainly
delivered to tli«m, of this their (lov pace in a matter of fi high im-
portance ; which therefore we refreli.cd their memory witli, by tell-

3 ^ * i"S

AMES I.

540

STATE PAPERS.

J A M F. S I. ippj tinjm^ iiow tli;\t ftatc liatl, tlicfc fix or fcvcn years together, offeree^
u — ^-^ — ' fuJi (Icurliy, aiul been i'o plain in all tlitir juocccilings, as they mull
not think ftrangc if n^vv they kept centincl to dcllry tiioroughly into
thofc myftical ways of tlicirs, tliat (o they he not anew decoyei!.
Tlie Cardinal's aiifwcr was, h')vv they were not to beeonic refponfible
for their preJeecirtJis faults j that the world fliould fee them walk
another ant! more eonflant courfe; and, to purfue to a conchifion his.
argument wiiltli we had interrupted, told us, that fixteen hundieil
hoile were ready to march, and fo were the companies of foot like-
wife, wliiih the faid ^hulsfeld was to receive trom thence. Ikit in
this all the antwer, qnoih wc, whidi wc are like to receive iVom the
propofitions we make ycu ? We have no other to return, fdd they.
Why then, quoth we, let us give you an expeilient of compounding
all this dilference; give us the ijlrit fccrct, which we dclire; and to
let )()U fee what little inconvenience the King your Mailer fhall incur
thereby, wc will oblige ourfelves, upon our honours, nay upon our
falvatitins, to procure that care in your concealing it, as (the
contents thereof being obferved by this King) it Hull never pafs
the knowledge of his Majelly, his llighncfs, the Duke of iiucking-
ham, and our Secretary of State. lUit when wc found this notice
hkevvife rtjciflcd, upon no other pretentions than this, that it was ex-
tremely unfeafonahle at this prcfent lime to hazard the ofl'ence of the
Pope under the trull of other men's feerets ; we then thus parted
with them; " Well, lince we can (-btain no better reafon Irom you,
" this we will do, we will truly and plainly reprcfent unto the King
" our Mailer, our propofitions and your anfwers, with all the cir-
•' cumftanccson either part, and when we have (hewed how ftiff you
*' continue in thefe your o\\\\ wayy, we will endeavoiw the beft wc
*' can, that this may be no bar to that part of our felicity which con-
*' fills in enjoying that incomparable Lady, Madame; but with this
'• Iton by the way, wltich, for deeper impreffiou fake, we twice rc-
•' pcated, that wc knew not whether, when the King our Mailer

" fliould

STATE PAPERS.

541

*' (hould hear of tliis their proceed! np;'^, he mij;ht not open his car lo J
*' new councils, and embrace fuch offers as might come to him i'rom
*' other parts, and leave thctn pcrliaps to feck place for repentance wheu
*' it would be too late." And with this we, fomewhat ahruptlv, took
our leaves, and immediately, with the countenance of dilcoiitcrued pcr-
fons, went to I'aris, as conceiving this the bcfl way left, to bring tlicia
unto rcafon ; and here we expedl fome better rdohuions from tlicin,
or a new commandment from his Majcrty (if fo he can content him-
fclf with verbal alVurances), before we dare advontmc to fign the .ir-
tides. ISut this we are peifuadcd, that the C^icen-Muiher and the
Cardinal arc fo padionately afleclcd to the Match, as they will leave
nothing untried to work the King to whatfoever is pollible, rather
than the bufinefs fliould thus mifcarry in the very haven.

To their care likewife, wc afcribc the (pfick dii'patch of the Pere
Ilyacynth, who returned towards IJaviere fome three or four days fnicc,
very badly edified in the bufinefs he came about. The Secretary lU'S
EmbaiFadeurs, who conduded him to his coach, took his farewel of
him by this pretty compliment, " Je prie dieu (mon i'ero), cpi'il voiis
" conduiCe bien en votre pays, ct que je ne vous voyc januiis plus fi
" ce n'ell en paradis, dont il nous falfe jour touts dcu\ ; mais cpie
*' cc foit le pluflofl pour vous, et Ic plub tard pour moy, (|uc fairc fe
♦• pourra."

But thougli he and his companion be gone, yet there are two 1)C-
fides, that will (huwfoever without that vifor uf holinelsj carefully
adl their part, vi/. the two agents of the limpcror and the Duke of
IJaviere. '1 he fbimer wlicreof fought audience, the very day fol-
lowing our lall conference, but with liberty to be i>.vered before the
King, as a thing due to the greatncfs ol' his Mailer; who therefore
had his pacquct accordingly, that unlefs he woidd come with cap in
hand, he might keep himrclf fairly where he was.

IMAGE EVALUATION
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1.0

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ISO ■^~

2.2

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2.0

|L25 |||.4 1.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

^.<^'

23 WIST MAIN STRUT

WnSTIR.N.Y. MS80

(716) S73-4S03

..V- .4^

;\*^'

548

JAMES I.

STATE PAPERS.

h'om Mr, Lorkm to the Lords Carlijle and Holland.

•Ockh. rilli.

Oaober nth, 1634.

Right Honourable and my moft fmgular good Lords,
'TTHOUGH I can hardly command my eyes to diredt my hand
(fo ready are they to clofe, upon every line that drops from my
pen), yet have I forced this obedience from them to give your Lord-
(liips a brief account of my journey hither, my fafe arrival here, and
the index I find of the crifis of the bufinefs.

Upon Saturday, in the evening, I arrived at Boulogne in good hour
(as your LordlTiips will have underftood from Mr. Carre), and would,
the fame night, have continued my journey to the gates of Calais, but
that the wind turning fair invited me to embark there; which, after
fome five or fix hours refreftiing myfelf, in expe£tance of the tide, I
did, and put forth to fea, where we had not advanced above two leagues,
t)ut, we were fo becalmed, for nine or ten hours together, as there
was no moving one way nor other. Againft heaven it was a folly
to be impatient, and yet I was almoft fo foolilh. At length, by figns
and becks to a filhing-boat, which we defcried a great way off, I
found means to put myfelf afiiore, and fo took poft to Calais, where
finding the weather calm, and that little wind (that was ftirring)
turned quite contrary, I had no means to pafs unlefs I ventured my-
felf to a fliallop, which I Jid at fun-fet on Sunday evening, and ar-
rived at Dover, half-ftarved with cold, on Monday morning betwixt
four and five of the clock, and entered into London juft as the clock
ftruck three. Here I underftood that his Majefty was gone to Royf-
ton, but that his Highncfs, my Lord Duke, and Mr. Secretary Con-
way were, or would be, all here the fame evening. By four I waited
upon Mr.Sccrctary, from whom one of the firft queftions was. Whe-
ther he exprefled himfelf unto your Lordlhips clearly enough, yea
or not ? I was loth to make my mouth the firft witnefs of his obfcu-

rity.

STATE PAPERS.

543:

nty,

rlty, and therefore declining the diredl anfwer, reftrained myfelf to
his laft letter, and told him, that it put your Lordfhips to fomc ftand,
to fee his Majefty come fully home to the French King's demands
for the Match, and yet reftrain the figning of the articles to a
condition, of firft procuring others for the league, or at Icaft an adt
in writing. Whereunto he prefently replied, ihat he then obeyed
his Majefty*s commandment, who had no intention that one fliould
be done without the other, and both bis A'^ajefty and his Ili-hnefs,
and my Lord Duke, had had the perufal over thofe letters more than
once. And added, that your Lordfhips had already favoured that
King beyond your commifTion, which enjoined you firfl: to treat of
the league and then of the alliance, or at leafl to make things go hand
in hand together. But refumed again his firft queftion, Whether his
difpatches were at any time intricate ? Whereunto, finding myfelf
preffed either to fpeak truth, or lie, I thus helped to diiguife the
former to him ; that fometimes he fo cautioufly and prudently in-
volved his meaning, in a clofe and covered ftile, as forced your Lord-
fhips to aflemble your wits together to pick it out. By his truth he
fwore there was no fuch prudent confideration in it, but if there
were any darknefs, it was unwitting, and contrary to his defire,
which was to give the perfe£l ligh% and that he referred copies of all,
which I fhould fee, that I might inftance in fome particulars, that
fo he might know the better how to mend the fault hereafter. This
ftruck me dumb, nnd gave him leifure to read over the difpatch;
wherein he often interrupted himfelf by fuddcnly uttering forth thefe
words, " Before God, I fear all is fpoiled, and that we fliall fuddenly
" break upon this difference." I defircd his Honour to have the
patience to finifli it, which he did, not v\-iihoiit fome other fuch-
like repetitions ; and in the end of all, confirmed to me his aforcfaid
fears, that we were like to come to a fudden rupture ; and that, within
this month, Gondemar would be here with new offers, powerful
enough, in the Spanifh party's conceit, to prevail. Here I delivered

him

JAMES I.
1624.

i 4

544

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. i^jp^ yQyj. Lordflijp's letters of credence, which prepared his car to
llften to the relation of the offers, which, by Mr. Gourden's means,
without nominating the pcrfon, were conveyed to you ; and thefe I
commended by all thofe motives and reafons which your Lordihips
furniOied me with, or my own underftanding could fugged to me.
But the fame voices of defpair founded ftill unto mc, that all this
would not fcrve the turn, nor deliver his Majefty from juft appre-
henfions, that this Match fo offered (not only witha fimple refufal of
a league, but a flying back from their own word and promife) was
rather out of a dclign to ruin him, than to ftrengthen him ; and that
it was an ordinary pradlice amongft many great Princes, to think their
daughters or fiftcrs well beftowed, if they might thereby be able to
compafs their own ends. He here afked me, whether I had letters
for his Highncfs and my Lord Duke ? I anfwered yes. He further
enquired of me, whether I brought not a double of this difpatch to
them ? but yet 1 had brought the foul copy with me, bccaufe if the
King and Prince fliould be at different places, your Lordfhips were
defirous I (hould make ledlure thereof to his Highnefs likewife; the
rather, that if any occafion of queftion might arife upon any par-
ticular, I might be able to refolve it. He thereupon replied, that he
would go prefently and perform that himlislf, and would call upon
the Duke, that, if his Grace thought fit, he would make the ledture
to both together, and that I might be prefent to deliver to either my
letters likewife. I feared to offend, if I had, by any different motion
gone crofs to this demand, and therefore I obeyed, and had the ho-
nour to go along with him in his own coach. But the difpatch was
firft read to them in private ; and I only admitted afterwards to de-
liver my letters, which was after long attendance, to me efpecially,
that had not tailed one morfel of meat fince I came from Bologne,
Thefe being delivered, I returned to fcribblethis account, and intend
to-morrow, to fee whether I may have accefs to acquit rayfelf more
particularly of your Lordfliips commands to both; and drive (as in

this)

STATE PAPERS.

545

this, fo on all other occafion, to let your Honours fee, that I have JAMEs i.
no greater ambition than to be approved <-. ^ '

Your Lordlhips, &c. &c.

From the Same to the Same.

Od. 2lft, 1624.

Right Honourable and my moft Angular good Lords,
TVf Y former letter contains a true relation of all that paffed be- oaoberji,

tween Mr. Secretary Conway and me; I referved that which
followed upon my admittance into the Prince and Duke, for another
letter a-part, that if your Lordfhips thought fit to fliew the other to
any, they might therein read no other charaders but thofeofde-
fpair. Being therefore admitted into their prefence, his Highnefs
commanded me to deliver what your Lordfhips had been pleafed
to commend to me in truil, which I did fo fully and efFedually, as
the Duke interrupting me, told the Prince, that this was much bet-
ter than that which Fiatt had told him, and his Highnefs confirmed
it by an affirmative. After I had ended all, I added, that if his
Majefty pleafed to condefcend to thofe conditions (in cafe he fhould
find an impoflibility of getting better), your Lordfhips would be
then fo much the bolder, to prefs all things home to their utmoft
extremity, as having a prefent remedy at hand to folder up that
breach which eagernefs of difpute might otherwife occafion. His
Highnefs and my Lord Duke (both) applauded the courfe, if fo be
his Majefty (hould like of it; and agreed (on Wednefday) to go
exprefsly to Roifton, to communicate thefe things with them, and
to know his pleafiire therein. I have craved leave to interpofe this
caution, that, if his Majefty confented to the motion, yet that a quite
contrary countenance might be put on, and the Marquis de Fiatt

4 A carefully

f'iffii

E'i^.ii

546

STATE PAPERS.

J-^J^^^^ ^' cawfully entertained in defpair, becaufe otherwife your Lordfliips^
endeavours would be quite fruflrate : and befideS) it would have a
far better grace, that the fweetnefs of the conclufion might flow
diredly from his Majefty, by his own inflruments (your Lorddiips)
than by a ftrangcr, who, perhaps, might draw the greatcft honour
and thanks thereof unto himfelf, as having extorted it by the in-
duftry of his own wit. This his HIghnefs and my Lord Duke
prcfently aflented to, and promifed me carefully and pundluaily
to obferve, but with an if Jiilh if it might once be brought to the
point.

I cannot deduce things more particularly ; for the melTenger
parts early in the morning, and I am now too much opprelTed with
fleep.

Nov. iS.

Copy of the Secret Efcrit prefented by the French Amhajfa-
dorsy and av(nved to be the fame agreed on between them-
and his Mafeflyi Ambajfadors in France.

i8th November, 1624.
T E Roy de la Grande Bretaigne donnera au Roy un efcrit par-
ticulier figne' de luy, du SerenifTune Prince fon fils, & d'ua
Secretaire d'Eftat ; par lequel il promettra, en- foy & parole de Roy,
Qu'cn contemplation de fon tres cher ftls, & de Madame Soeur du
Roy tres Chreftien, qu'il permettra a tous fee fubjedts Catholiquca
Komalns de jpuir de plus de'liberte & franchife, en ce qui regarde
kur relvgion, qu'il n'euflent fait en vertu d'articlcs quclconques-
accordes par le traite de manage fait avec I'Efpagne: ne voulant;
pour cet effed, que fes fuhjedts Catholiques puiffcnt cftre inquiete's
en Icurs perfonnes & biens poi-r faire profeffion de la dite religion;
& vivre en Catholiques, pourveu toutesfois qu'ils en ufcnt modefle-

mcntj.

STATE PAPERS.

5^7

ment, & rendent robeifance que de bons & vrays fubjeds doivent ^^^ff '^'
a leur Roy, qui par fa bonte ne les redreindra pas a aucun ferment
contraire a leur religion.

Ce que deflus a ete accorde par Meffieurs les AmbafTadeurs du
Roy de la Gtande Bretaigne ce i8 Novembre 1624, a Paris.

Ainfi figne Carlile,

HOLAND.

<3ollat. par inoi,

Dfi LOMENIE.

If!

Tront Secretary Conway to Lords Carlijle and Holland*

Rigbt Honourable, London, 23d Dec. 1624.

T M U S T now acknowledge the receipt of two of your letters, Dec. 2j.

the one of the 5th, the other of the 17th of December. I fee
now, that, before I received your Lordfhips of the 5th, you had re-
ceived mine in anfwer to thofe brought by the noble gentleman Sir
James Auchterlony.

On the 1 2th of this prefent at Cambridge, the ratification of the
treaty, agreed on and figned by your Lordfliips, was figned by his
Majefty ; and, at the fame time, the efcrlt fccrct^ and the confirmation
of the 9th article, were likewife executed and figned by his Majefty
and the Prince feverally. The ratification of the treaty is fince ex-
emplified under the Great Seal. And, in the demands concerning
the Roman Catholics, the French Ambafladors have received full
fatisfadion ; only fome legal formalities are to be done, which Mon-
fieur de Ville aux Clercs defires to fee before he goes, and for that
puts oflF his journey till Monday. The greateft difficulty hath been
concerning the paifage of Mansfelt's troops, and the reftraint given
by his Majefty to Count Mansfelt, not to attempt any adt of hoftility

4 A 2 upon

■ '■■) '■

54^

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. jjpQjj jjpy ii^g lawful dominions or pofleflions of the King of Spain
or the Archduchefs. The AmbalTadors here have ufed the fame
arguments at Cambridge, we now receive from you. Whereupon
his Majcfly was pleafed to make a declaration, grounded upon the
words of the AmbalTadors, in which, after fome former declaration,
his Majefty concluded with the qualifying of his reftraint; indeed
taking it away, by permitting them to fecond their companions, or
fecure themfelves, if they were aflaulted, and fo make their way by
arms, if pafl'age be denied them. The copies of thefe things were
prepared to be font to you, but being not accepted by Monf. de Ville
aux Clercs, till they (hail be otherwife altered, I forbear that, till
they be agreed on; and I have held up this account, from the 13th
to this day, in expedation to have had leave confented to, for a few
days return for you the mod noble Earl of Carlifle. But until
yeflerday, I had no certain refolution, and then I received fignifica-
tion of his Majefty's pleafure, that, the difpenfation being accorded
according to the information of Monf. de Ville aux Clercs, who ex-
prefsly went to court for that purpofe, my Lord Duke*s journey
would be fo fudden, and the time every way fo fliort, as that his
Majefty could not permit your return, for which I am forry, being
deferred from the hope of kifling your hands; a great honour and
contentment taken from me.

Every meflenger that comes from Dover will tell you, that the
troops march to the rendezvous daily. The reft of the circura-
ilances belonging to this, and whatever elfe my alTcdion and my
duties might think proper to deliver to you, as well as the magnificent
feaft the Duke gave yefternight to the Ambafladors, defer to the
next opportunity ; to which yet I muft not leave this commandment
of his Majefty's, to fignify his pleafure to your Lordlhips, that you
put yourfelves out of your defraying at the charge of that King ;
nor can I conclude this without the acknowledgment of my infinite

7 obligations

STATE PAPERS.

^49

obligations to your Lordfliips favours, and the prefentation of Kiy J ames r.
duties and fervicci in which I remain < x *

Your Lordihips, 8cc«

From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Conway,

Right Honourable,
\X7 E have forborn to trouble you with the feveral bruits which
have run here of the commotions of thofe of the religion, till
we (hould fee what certain form they would take, yet we have not
been wanting upon every occafion to entreat this King, the Queen-
mother, and the Minifters, not to give too eafy credit thereto to the
prejudice of the good refolutions now in hand. I5ut we do now
underfland, from certain aifurance, that Monfieur De Soubize, with
fome companies of thofe of the religion, hath feized upon the Ifland
of Rhe, near Rochelle, hath left 500 men there with arms, to for-
tify and defend it, and is himfelf gone with five Ihlpson fome expedi-
tion, which is not yet difcovered. We are extremely forry that we
muft believe that Monfieur De Soubize hath fo unadvifedly and
unfeafonably engaged himfelf in this defperate adtion ; but we are
aflurcd, that the body of thofe of the religion do not participate
therein ; but that it is only fome private difccntented gentlemen,
who, pretending a defire and necelTuy to procure a better obfervation
of the public faith, and the cdids (which they generally complain
are too often violated), have animated Monfieur De Soubize to
undertake the reformation, hoping withal to repair their own ne-
cefTitous fortunes thereby. The laft night, having attended the
King at a comedie, upon the rifing of the company, he came unto
us of himfelf, and in a free and chearful manner entreated us to
affure the King our mailer from him, that ihefe infolences of thofe

5S0

STATE PAPERS.

J A M r. s r.

of the religion fhould alter nothing in the refolntions he had taken
for the public good, nor in the particular promifes he had made unto
his Majefty. Whereupon we rendered unto him fpecial thanks, for
fo frank a declaration of the conflancy of his good afFedions; and
we belbiight him, that though fome indifcreet gentleman had in-
•currcd his difpleafuvc, yet that he would dill be pleafed, for the in-
tcreft of the commonweal of Chridendom, to temper his chaftife-
ment with clemency, and not drive the body of thofe of the reli-
gion, by a rigorous proceeding, to the extremity of a general de-
spair ; which he promifcd to do. We have this day, upon thi«
occafion, fpoken with the minifters of t'.ie State, who have confirm-
ed the fame afiurance which we received from this Kiirg; and
more particularly, by the mouth of the Cardinal de Richlieu, they did
inform us, that it was true they had taken orders for the prefent
arming of the (hips for the recovery of the Ifland of Rhe, as alfo for
rhe raifing of three little armies, whereof one, confiding of 6000 foot
and 400 horfe, fliould remain in Poidlou, and thofe parts about
Rochelle ; another of 8000 foot and 500 horfe, fhould be raifed in
Langucdoc ; and a third of 6000 and 400 horfe, about the confines
of Champagne ; the two fir ft to reprcfs any further tumults or com-
binations in thofe provinces, the latter to make head againft any
incurfions of Calalto's or Tilly^s troops, if they (hould attempt it.
Yet that, neverthelefs, they had newly, by anexprefs courier, renew-
ed the order to the Conftable for the haftening of his paflage over
the mountains ; and that they had more money ready for MansfelC
than they had promifed ; and renewed their former inftance, and advife,
that Mansfelt fliould make his pafTage by the way of Berghen, and
not by France; in refpedt of the hazard he fliould run of endangering
the main enterprize, encountering, at his very entrance, a puifTant
jirmy of Calalto's and Tilly's troops, with the forces of the country,
•which they fay were joined upon the confines to withftand his pro-
ceedings. We oppofed to this reafon the ftrength of Mansfelt's

army,

STATE PAPERS.

5St

■rmy, the known courage and abilities of the General, and efpecially J ames r.
the impoflibility of tranfporting their qooo horfc by fca. Where-
unto they made anfwcr, that they had underftood from Mansfelt,
that he would have taken order for it. We are aflurcd by the Am-
baflador of Savoy, that he is not only ready, in his Mailer's name,
to give aflurancc for the payment of his portion of money for the
entertainment of Mansfeit's troops ; but that the Venetian Ambaf-
fador hath alio newly received order fiom that Scignory to give
fatisfadlion for their proportion ; fo, as they pretend, there now re-
maineth no other difficulty but the refolution of the paflage. We
promKcd the Minifters to make a true narration of their allegations^
which we have faithfully done; but as, at our conference, we held
them flridly to the fnfl; agreement for the paflage by France; fo
we have altered nothing in that behalf, for the reafons particularly
alledged in our former letters ; and for that we fuppofe, this new
defire of theirs here proceedeih rather from the interefl of their
own affairs, than from any new extraordinaiy afTedlion to the
bufmefs; conceiving that the refolution will be bcft guided by h\^-
Majefty's incomparable wifdom, with the opinion of the General,

From Lord Carlijlc to the Duke (if.Biichlngham.

My mofl noble dear Lord, Paris,- iGth Feb. 1^124-;,

TN the care and fludy which I have to maintain that frieiitllhip in- i\b. la.

violablc, which I have profeficd to your LordOrip, 1 cannot
obfcrve a more fafe and faithful rule than to follow your Lorti-
fliip's both precept and example, in ufinjj;. a cordi;il and fmcere
liberty, whiv-h is the cement and foul of true fricndlhip. I will,
therefore, my moft dear Lord, prefmne, by my own hand, to conv

muuicalR-

552

STATE PAPERS.

JAMF. s I. municnte my heart to your Lordfliip, and to your Lordfhip only, by
^-' y ' remonftrating unto you, that this unworthy people, negle£ting the
honour and rcfpeft which they owe to the grcatnefs of our gracious
Maftcr, the obligation which they have to his Highnefs's tran-
fccndcnt merit, quality, and affedion, and the gratitude which be-
longeth to your Lordlhip's noble favours, are grown fo indifcreetly
and unrcafonably prefnmptuous, as to impofe a new treaty upon us*
after a pcrfcft treaty concluded, figned, and fworn by his Majefty,
wherein, by the Pope's borrowed name, they would exaft not only
all the difhonourable and prejudicial circumftances which, with much
labour and conteftation, we had avoided or rejedled in the whole courfe
of our former conferences and treatings ; but would inforce no lefs
than a dired and public toleration, not by connivance, promife, or
e/crit fccrety but by a public notification to all the Roman Catholics,
and that of all his Majefly's kingdoms whatfoever, confirmed by his
Majefty and the Prince his oath, and attefled by a public a<£l, where-
of a copy to be delivered to the Pope or his Minifter, and the fame
to bind his Majefty and the Prince's fucceflbrs for ever. This hold-
eth proportion, I muft confefs, with the whole courfe of their former
proceedings. For firft, in the point of afliftance, which we required
for the reftoring of his Majefty 's fhildren to their ancient patri-
mony and dignities, they would not enter into any formal aflbcia-
tion, but undertake that this King fhould give us a promife, which
Ihould become equivalent thereunto by their real performance ; but
when, upon the figning of the treaty of marriage, we came to re-
ceive it, we found them to be fo imperfeft, as for the faving of his
Majefty 's honour, we rather chofe to have none ; and now, when it
Cometh to the performance, we underftand they are fallen fhort, by
the one half, of the afliftance of cavalry promifed to the Count Mans-
felt ; and it, is notorious to all the world, how flatly and falfely they
are fallen 'from the public faith, which they had given for the de-
fcent.of Manefelt's troops in France, and the paftage to be made

from

STATE TAPERS.

553

ng the
racious
} tran-
ich be-
fcreetly
pon U8«
^ajefty,
lot only
h much
le courfe
no lefs
mife, or
4itholic8,
:d by his
:, where-
the fame
his hold-
ir former
required
nt patri-
l aflbcia-
le, which
Ince ; but
e to re-
ig of his
when it
{hort, by
|nt Mans-
fely they
Ir the de-
be made
from

from hence, after they had difcovercd tlic advantage which \vc had J
gained upon them in that point. v

Touching the treaty of marriage, after his Majcfly had admitted
of their full demand of the temporal articles, they infilled that, after
the example of the treaty with Spain, fomething muft be granted in
favour ot our Catholics, for the facilitating of the difpenfation, which
they then pretended fliould only be Ihewed to the Fope, and after-
wards withdrawn, and whereof the execution fliould flill remain in
our power, and that they required it only for form fake and their
own juftification ; which, when we had agreed with the Marquis dc la
Vieuxvillc, fliould pafs only by way of letter from his Majefty to
this King, Vieuxvillc was difgraccd, and dilavowed ; and when after-
wards the efcfit fecret was admitted, and framed upon the expcnce
of much time and confultation both here and in England, the infa-
mous word Liberty, was, by the falfe fuggeftions and artifice of Villc-
aux Clercs foifted in (which I befeech your Lordfliip we may have com-
mandment to caufe to be altered, as a thing which was furreptitioufly
gotten without our thought or confent), and now laft of all, by pre-
tence of the Pope's authority, they would impofe upon us real alte-
rations, and new additions, extravagant in themfelves, and incom-
patible with his Majefty's honour, and the peace of his kingdom.
Do but remember, my mod noble dear Lord, how much your noble
and generous proceedings in Spain did endear you to the loves and
hearts of his Majefly's people, all which you will lofe (I befeech your
Lordfliip to pardon my liberty, proceeding from a fafl: and fincere
friendfliip) if you give way in this ; the world will now conclude it was
nothing but a particular paffion, and animofity, and not care of the
public, which excited you thereunto. Nothing can more juftify a:d
advantage Digby, than the admiflion of the laft of thefe new condi-
tions, which carry with them more prejudice and diflionour than the
conditions of the Spaniili Treaty, which might fecm, out of necef-

4 B fity

A M F. s I.

|624-r.

554

STATE PAPERS.

JAMES I. fjjy^ tQ |jg extorted, the Prince's precious perfon being in their hands;
but now there being no fuch neceflity, the envy will be wholly caft
upon the negociators. I befeech your Lordfliip to give your humble
faithful fervant, who hath made a league offenfive and defenfive
with your frienfhip, leave to allure you, that you will find little
faith or faft friendship in any but the true Britifh hearts ; much lefs
in thcfe inconftant and perfidious monfters, who will make little
fcruple to ruin their beft friends, fo as they may not fail to com-
pafs their ends. Shall I give your Lordfliip a demonftration thereof?
But I mufl: firft conjure your Lordfhip, by all that is holy and invio-
lable, to keep it moft fccret; for I have it from a dear friend, who
was the firft perfon in the whole world acquainted with it, whom I
had rather lofe my life th.n ruin, and that cannot be avoided if this
fecret be difcovered. I have only imparted it to my dear colleague,
from whom I conceal nothing ; and now am going to tell your
Lordfliip, that upon the late news which was brought hither of
the death of the King of Spain, there was a proje£t framed*
that Madame, for whom we have been fo long in fuit, fliould
be given in marriage ro Don Carlos (they having offended the
State of Spain, not daring to fuikej and unwilling enough to reaflfiire
them), and that they would endeavour to content his Highnefs
with the Queen of Spain, as being their daughter, and fome-
what more fuitable to his years. But I fear to abufe your Lordfliip's
patience too much. The conclufion of all is this, that, by a round
fharp negative, you will fliew your refentment of the indignity which
is offered, by thefe new extravagant demands, to his Majefty,and the
fweet Prince's honour, to the honour of England, and to your Lord-
fhip's favour and friendfliip ; whofe honour and fortune they would
make little difficulty to facrifice to the obtaining of their own ends and
defires. But, my dear Lord, you muft then rejed the whole, elfe
you will fuflfer their prefumption to encroach too far upon the honour

STATE PAPERS.

555

r hands;
lolly caft
r humble
defenfive
find little
much lefs
lake little
1 to com-
1 thereof?
and invio-
iend, who
r, whom I
ided if this

colleague,
D tell your
: hither of
£t framed,
tliit, (hould
Fended the

to reaffure
s Highnefs

and fome-
Lordfhip's

jy a round
nity which

;fty, and the
your Lord-

they would

wn ends and
whole, clfe
the honour
of

of our great Mafter, and will give more courage to their infatiablc J ^^^^-t. '*
appetite, and this, I dare maintain, is not the way to break, but to
facilitate and fecure the marriage ; the prefent conftitution of their
affairs, both at home and abroad, being fuch, as they will not care to
offend his Majefty, if they fhould difcover his refolution. Quarrel
with the Marquis D'Effiat j not with his perfon, for that is worthy
of all favour and eftecm; but quarrel with his charge, with his com-
miffion, and with his Minifters arts ; who when they find 'tis
inflexible, fet him a-work. If any thing be granted him, that they
ftop our mouths withal ; if he promife any thing, that they difavow,
as having no commiflion to treat; whereof we have found the expe-
rience three or four times. In other paffages, heretofore, I have had
much patience for your Lordfhip's fake; but now that I find, that,
without any fenfe either of honour or gratitude, they care not how
they wound their beft friends, I can endure it no longer, for your
Lordihip fliall ever find, that contra gentes^ I am ever conftant

Your Grace's, &c. ^.. ,

From Mr, Thotnas Lorkin to the Lords Carlijle^ ^c,

Loudon, February 12th, 1624-;.

Right Honourable and my fingular good Lords,
T HAD difpatched away this account, two or three days fooner,
but that I was partly in expedation of fome further order from
Court ; and partly in hope of preventing the fpeed of any other by
mine own diligence. But as the former is like to be fruftrate, by the
order La Riviere pretends to have received of delivering his Majefly's
letters to the French King himfelf, which, together with the copy

4B 8 inclofcd,

556

STATE PAPERS.

^^i^2^.f '' Jnclofed, being put into my hands by Mr. Secretaiy Conway late laft
night, comes now demanded by him this morning in Mr. Secretary's
name, though I refufe to give it, till I receive an exprefs command-
ment from his Honour's own mouth ; fo in the latter I find myfelf
deceived by being caft into fuch an intricate labyrinth about your
Lordftiip's fupply, as I can fee no fudden ifliie out. For though his
Majefty hath, upon my Lord of Buckingham's recommendation, care-
fully loUicited by Mr. Secretary, been pleafed to grant a warrant for
i2coo/. which the Lord Treafurer feconded by another to the Attor-
ney ; and he made his draught for the Signet and Privy Seal; yet
this flops a little at the King's fignature; and I find, befides, the Ex-
chequer fo empty, and the difficulties of getting money fo great, as
(notwithftanding all the fair language my Lord Treafurer gives me,
and that cordial I think, and fuch as deferves your LordHiip's thank-
ful acknowledgments) I fear fomewhat the expedition. Yet, to redeem
by Providence as much time as may be, I am bufy in the interim with
the merchants to ftipulate for the return, which requires a new care;
lince (as the exchange goeth), and efpecially for the quick remitting
fo great a fum, I apprehend much lofs.

This being promifed by way of excufe, I leave your Lordfhip's
particular, and come unto the public. Wherein, firft, for Mansfeld's
bufinefs, you may pleafe to underftand, how his Majefty was con-
tent with a very Ihort account, becaufe it was fully determined before I
came; fo that all that remains for your LorJfhip to do in this point is,
as far as I can learn from his Grace, to prefs, what is poffible, the haf-
tening away of the cavalry to join with the infantry ; fince, till it be,
how well foever the family fhall be compofed and their difpenfation
cleared, which will be your Lordlhip's fecond tafk, the noble Duke
intends not to ftir from hence.

For the word Liberty (in the Efcrit particuHerJ, his Majefty is
pleafed to leave that to your Lordfhip's difcretion, and will think it a

good

STATE PAPERS.

good piece of fervice, if you can obtain that it be razed out. Yet
would not, by any means, that it fliould be prefTed, to caufe any ill
blood, or bad correfpondence betwixt the two Crowns ; for that were
to dcftroy one part of his defign, which aims, not only at the mar-
riage, but an amity. And this will do well to be cheifflied by a
friendly clofure of the bufinefs, fo to fweeten a little any harflinefs
that may have pafled in the precedent negociation. And to this re-
folution his Majefly is rather fwayed, by the judgment he makes of
the value of the word, which being merely relative to what was
meant in contemplation of the treaty with Spain, carries with it a
great deal more Ihow than fubftance. It is, in effedl, the charge I
received from his Majefty's own mouth to derive unto your Lord-
ihips. And to fpeak truth, much cannot be cxpeded from any thing
that is concluded in that relative form, fince your Lordfliips can re-
member, that the Commiflloners pleaded for it by this argument, that
they knew not how little they obtained thereby, the bounds being
locked up in his Majefty's own breaft, and defired it rather as a co-
lour to content the Pope, than for any great tye they thereby pre-
tended to faften upon the King.

The fpeedy accomplifhment of Monfieur D'Efliatt's bufinefs will
give great contentment, and is efpecially recommended by his Grace
to your Lordfhip's care. I think there cannot be a more powerful
argument to enforce it, than from that tranfcendent expreflion of
kindnefs which his Majefty's letter imports, to perfuade to a reci-
procal demonftration of afi^edion; and that, as in other more eflential
points, fo in this, of fending the ribbon to his Majefty, that he may
gratify the Ambaflador therewith.

There yet remains one commiflion, which I am to deliver from my
Lord Duke, to both your Lordfliips jointly ; and that is, in his name
to defire you to quicken (as far as cleanly and handfomely you may)
the performance of a purpofe, which he is informed, that King (and

9 . either

557

JAMES I-
1624-5.

ill'

1:5

i'58

JAMES
162.1.-5.

S T A T E P A P E R S.

^' either Queen-Mother or the Cardinal) hath, of prefenting his Grace
with pidlures, which will be much more welcome if they come before
his journey, than if they follow after.

I fliall add only this for news, that Sir Albertus Morton is now
fworn Secretary ; that the Cardinal denies (in a letter to Monfieur
D'Effiatt) what your Lordfhips advertifed about the confultation and
refolution, touching the Prince's reception (in cafe his Highnefs
fliould pafs over into France), and defires to know the author of
that impofture ; that is his term. What further pafled betwixt the
Ambaflador and me upon this fubjedt, I fhall referve till I have the
honour to attend your Lordfhips, when I (hall acquit myfelf of a
great many other particular commands to either. In the interim^ I
moft humbly befeech your Lordfhips to confirm me ftill in your fa-
vourable good opinion, and to honour me with the quality, whereby
I pretend to value myfelf moft, of being

Your Lordfhips, &c, &c.

P. S. I had almoft forgot, to let your Lordfliips know, how infi-
nitely fatisfied his Majefty and Highnefs were with Madame's kind
reception of the prefent, and the demonftrations of her affedtion upon
that occafion. 1 come now from Mr. Secretary, with whom, plead-
ing againft the delivery of the letter to La Riviere, he filenced me by
fliewing me a commandment under the Duke's own hand, won
thereto (as it is likej by the fuit of the Ambaflador, that thereby he
might the better facilitate his own affair. From Denmark there
came news yefternight as good as his Majefly's own heart can wlfh,
the particulars I cannot learn, I may not omit one thing which both
my Lord Duke and Mr. Secretary ferioufly recommended, that in any
future negociations with the Minifters, your Lordfliips truft not to
words only, but procure it under their hands in writing.

STATE PAPERS.

From Secretary Cotiway to Lord Carlijle,

559

JAMES I.
1624-5.

;■*

Right Honourable, Chefterford, Feb. 24th, 1624.

T PUT your Lordfhips difpatch of the 19th of this inftant into
his Majefty's hands this day, which he gracioufly read, and then
commanded me to give your Lordfhip for anfwer, that, by a difpatch
made yefterday to you, which will be with you before this can come
to your hands, your ! ordfhips will fee the refolution his Majefty hath
taken, following your wife advices, and the reafon of the caufe as it
was laid before him. And that very difpatch itfelf will likewife be
with you almoft as foon as this ; it being held up for the caufe, and
Ihort time in that difpatch expreflfed j fo as his Majefty cannot fee how
he may grant the proportions you make for the Lord Carlifle's leave
of coming hither, without giving a great delay to the great bufinefs
in hand, and offering fubje«St of much jealoufy to that King and his
Minifters ; the rather for the fliadows taken at you the Lord Carlifle's
perfon already. Neither doth his Majefty think it feafonable, in this
conjun£ture of affairs, to feeni to furprize or affright them : nor can
his Majefty fee how this coming away of you my Lord Carlifle
can be fuitable with the ftile pradifed by Ambafl!adors in the an-
cient and modern times (except in like cafe as my Lord Holland's
coming by confent of that King, and for the ufe and advantage of
that King's fervice from whom he came). But if the advantage lie '
only for the fervice of his Majefty, his Majefty conceives that you
Lord Carlifle are not unfurniftied with Gentlemen of worth to whom
you may truft the relations of things of great confequence. And if;
the fecrets might be fuch as a knowledge of a third from you two,
could not be chofen to bring it to his Majefty, your Lordfl^ips might
at leaft by that confident perfon write that greateft fecret. And how

5^0

STATE PAPERS.

^ '^5'.^^^ ^" ^'^ ^'''^ ^* ^^^'^ before your Lordfhlps, his Majefly, not to deny to your
^- — • — -' wildoms, nor to the truft, experience, and approved faithfulnefs and
judgment, he hath ever found in you, and particularly in my Lord
of Carlifle, the latitude which is fit for a King to leave to his trufty
Ambaffadors, his Majefty is gracloully pleafed that you the Earl of
Carlifle may come according to your defire, if upon this debate with
you by this prefent difpatch, you the Earl of Carlifle fliall be pleafed
to find it good, for the fervice of his Majcfty, and advancement of
the bufinefs, to come ; provided you make that King acquainted with
it, and that he give a confent to it as for his fervice, at lead that it
give him no ofFence, and that you warrant yourfclf by the caufes
known to you, through all thefe diiricultics which appear to his Ma-
jefty. Notwithftanding all which he will not prejudge of you, but
that you may know fomething, that may juftly move and authorize
your defire to come, and your coming. But for the propofitions of
Denmark, come to you by way of Sir Robert Anftruther; notwith-
ftanding fome things to that point already fent you, his Majefty hath
commanded me to advcrtife your Lordfliips, that the K'.ng of Den-
mark was not come fo far as a declaration, by the induftry and folici-
tations of the Marquis of Brandcubourg; but that fince, in contem-
plation of his Majcfiy, he hath come to the propofitions herewith
fent you, upon which his Majcfty (upon good grounds) hath made
difpatch to the King of Denmark, agreeing to the King of Den-
mark's propofitions, and hath turned the negociation of Sir Robert
Anfiruther, and Sir James Spens, his Majefty's Minifters in thofe
parts, to accommodate all jealoufies between the Kings of Denmark
and Sweden, and form the army under the conduct of the King of
Denmark, or to lofe no aid to defire from them their feveral aflift-
ances by feveral ways, upon knowledge given, and direQion from
his Majefty, which way they ftiall take.

ilis Majefty likes well the hope that is given of the places that
will be taken in Milan within fix days. But (I conceive) will

STATE PAPERS.

5<5i

be bettter pleafed when he fhall hear that they took them fix J^^^^^® **
days ago.

I mufl obferve my duty to make this a Hidden dlfpatch ; and I
fhall fpeed it the better to let your Lordfhips know, that his Majefty
hears you willingly, efteems you much, and trufts you accordingly ;
and like a great King to worthy Miniflers, is unwilling to refufe
you any thing. When your Lordfliip (lands thuswith the greateft
King, and my blefled Mafter, what can I offer you, but praifes and
prayers for you, and the afFedion, faith, and duty of

Your Lordfhip's, &c. &€•

The Duke of Buckingham to Lord Carlijle,

:es that
'e) will
be

My Lord, Theobalds, March i jth, 1624.

T GIVE your Lordfliip many thanks for your letter, and for the

advertifements you give me therein, whereof I fliall not be fpar-
ing to make good ufe. And in the mean time, I defire your Lord-
fhip ftill to have your eyes open, and to flop any courfe, as much as
you can, which may hinder the bufmefs of the Palatinate, and affairs
of Germany, and of the religion, until I come j for which I cannot
yet appoint a day, till I hear tirom your Lordfhip, that all is done
touching the fettling of Madame's houfej and then I defire you to fend
away Sir George Goring with all fpeed j upon whofe coming, I will
refolve on the time of taking my journey, and I purpofe to come
with fuch Hore of materials and propofitions, as fliall make them
willing to hearken to me. In the mean time I reft

Your Lordfhip's, &c. &c.

i62

JAMES I.
1634-j.

STATE PAPERS.

Wrom Secretary Conway to the Same*

r • ••

Right Honourable, Theobalds, March 1 6th; 1624.

TN all things you are pTeafed to honour me more than I am
worthy ; and in your lad difpatch, you vouchfafe to lay a fault
upon hade, that you do not account the pafTage of feveral directions
you have received from his Majefty. And yet in the fame you fulfil
all that could be advifed from hence, or hoped for there. And al-
though it be not imagined, that you have been put to the trial of
your uttermoft powers; yet it is attributed to the ftrength of your
noble virtues, that none other could have done fo much. And in-
deed the ptaife of your LordHiip, the joy in the thing, and the fur*
prize, in time and manner, had been inexprelllble, but that all human
things have fomething of earth and defeat. So this coming inthe
time of my gracious Mailer's ficknefs, was fubje£t to that allay of a
careful accident, without abatement in itfelf, or any of the circum-
flancesc

It ftems your Lordfliip did purpofe to have (ent the original, which
you require to have returned to you by the Duke's Grace; but you
changed your council and fent but a copy ; which 1 remember to your
Lordfhips for my difcharge, when the Duke (hall come, the copy
you fent, by faith,, being as. efi^edlual as if you hjid fent the original.
And I mull not conceal from your Lordfhips the chearfulnefs that
Ihewed itfelf through the double fadnefs of every face, firft for the
little hope they had for fo entire a good fuccefs, and then for the
extreme grief that every one fuffered for the (harp and fmart accefles
of his Majefty's fever, though a pure intermitting tertian, whereof
this day early he had his feventh fit; but, thanks be to God, lefs in-
temperate than the reft, and hath left more clearnefs and chearfulnefs
in his looks than the former \ and I know I (hall join with your Lord-

fliips

STATE PAPERS.

563

fliips in this prayer, that God, of his goodncfs to his Majefty, and J ames i.
mercy to us and the reft of his fubjedls, would reftore him to his
perfea health.

Your Lordfhips cannot but believe that, in the accefs his Majefty
'Was in when your letters came, he could not exprefs what he would
have done, if his ftate of health had anfwered his affections ; but he
left not undeclared his contentment in the adl you procured from
that King, and his fatisfadion in fuch fervants, as did not only hap-
pily do the thing, but did wifely forefee and foretel the way to do
it, for which the praife and thanks is yours.

Give me leave to tell your Lordfhips, the excellent Prince, and
the gracious Duke, could not hide their contentment in your Lord-
fhips, and in your works ; and their own letters will tell you the reft,
from fo certain knowledge, and with fo much a better grace, as I
would not detain you by any thing of mine from that content.

Here is now no fpeech, but of the fpeed of the Duke going,
which I fhall join with your Lordftiips in haftening of, for the rea-
fons I have from you.

By this difpatch I fend to my noble friend, Sir George Goring,
from whom I received the demands, the reglement of the moft ex-
cellent Princefs, her houfehold ; and becaufe I know how communi-
cable all things are between you, I will not importune your Lord-
fhips with repetitions ; nor will I give leave to the extremity of my
aifertion to your fervice, to breathe itfelf out in the large exprelfions
it longs to manifeft itfelf by, but, with due refpedt to your patience
and greater affairs, conclude this, with this perfed truth, that I am

Your Lordfhips, &c. Sec.

4C 2

5(54

) A M E S I.

1614-5,

STATE PAPERS.

From the Same to the Same,

Right Honourable^ Theobaldst March 24tht 1624.

OUR Lordfliip will eafily judge the perplexity the Prince, the
principal perfons of this Court, and the affairs are in, when you
ihall underfland the Aate of his MajeAy's health, of which my parti*
cular letter to that purpofe, will give your Lordfhips an account.

This is, by the commandment of the Prince his Highnefs, accord-
ing to the mind of his Majefty, to fignify his pleafure to you, that your
Lordfhips let that King and his Minifters know, that it cannot be
luitable with the good nature of a fon, in fo dangerous a ftate of
his father's health, to entertain fuch jollity and triumph, as duly be-
long to fo acceptable a marriage ; nor can it be congruous with the
thankfulnefs, and faithful love of the Duke of Buckingham, to leave
his Majefty in fuch a condition as he now is. Your Lordlhips muft
therefore be pleafed to acquaint that King*and his Minifters with the
fad ftate of his Majefty's health, and withal that, amongft the conti-
nual thoughts, that his Highnefs hath of that excellent Lady and
that happy Match, he is not without an examination of that King's
promife, and the exaft terms in it. And although his Highnefs makes
interpretation, that if, upon fuch an extraordinary occafion as this is,
his proxy and powers Ihould not come thither by the precife time of
the 31ft day after the fignature of that King's promife, that King
would, upon the pofllble convenient coming of his powers, pafs»
according to the conditions, to the folemnlzation of the marriage;
yet, in a cafe which his Highnefs purfues with fuch paflion, he would
not fufFer any point of omiffion to be on his part. And therefore,
he prays and requires your Lordlhips to procure from that King, a
categorical anfwer, how he underftands and means to ftand upon

that

STAtE PAPERS.

S^S

that limitation of time of thirty-one days, and whether he intends ^^^^^',^ ^'

any reafonable time after the thirty-one daya. For if that King (hall

bind his Highnefs prccifely to the 31ft day, hisHighnefs will refolve

to entreat the Duke de Chevreufe, to perform the office for him, and

fend him his powers. So that the points your Lordfhips mud clear are,

to explain the thirty-one days, whether intended prccifely, or as not

to be fooner, but at any convenient time after ; and where it is faid

(when the Duke of Buckingham or fomc other fliall be fent from

the King, and bring power from the Prince) whether, in this necef-

fity, it will not be as acceptable, or at lead admitted, that a Duke

there be intreated on the part of the Prince. For your Lordfliips

may be pleafed to be aflured, that if God, according to our hope

and prayers, fliall reftore our gracious Mafter to his health, the Duke

will be with you with all pofTible fpecd.

And this being the charge I have, your Lordfhips will fee how-
needful it is you return a fpeedy anfwer ; and I fee how fit it is for-
me to end your trouble, with the prefentation of my fervice to your
Lordihip8Commandment8,ac which I remain, in all humble afFc<£lion,

Your Lordfliips, &c. &c.

From the Same to the Same,

Theobalds, March 24th, 1624, late at night.

Right Honourable,

npHAT your Lordfhips may know the caufe we have of filcnt

fadnefs, and bear fuch a part in it as your noble fweet powers

will contribute, I muft deliver to you, that this laft night was the

tenth night of his Majefty's fever, which exercifed much violence

upon

5f)6

STATE PAPERS.

J AM ESI. upon a weak body, which being reverenced and loved with fo much
cnufe as his MajeAy hath given, Aruck much fenfe and fear into the
hearts of his fervants that looked upon him. Yet, to deliver to you
the Hate clearly, this day his Majefty hath taken broths, hath had
large benefit of nature, and hath flept well. And, more to your
comfort, his MajeQy did, with life and chearfulnefs, receive the facra-
meot in the prefence of the Prince, the Duke, and many others, and
admitted many to take it with him ; and in the adtion and the cir-
cumftances of it, did deliver himfclf fo anfwerable to his writings
and his wife and pious profeffions, and did judly produce mixt tears
between comfort and grief; and this -day, and now this night, he re-
covers temper, refts, in appearance to us, ftrength, appetite, and
digeflion ; which gives us great hope of his amendment, grounded
not only upon dcfiro, but upon the method of judicious obfervation.
To your ears and affedtion I know this difcourfe is paffionately ac-
ceptable, but to your hearts and tender love wounds and grief; and
therefore I will enlarge this part of the ftory no further ; but will tell
your Lordfhips that Mr. Lorkin is ftaid a little by the Duke of Buck-
ingham to aflid ill the preparation of the Prince's powers, that he may
bring them unto you as clear as is pofTible, and upon any thing that
hath been debated here, may furnifh your Lordfliips with the argu-
ments, if the things -be drawn fo far, or that your wifdoms may
think fit to make ufe of them. This letter I had intended for your
Lordfliips before I had order for that of the fame date which comes
with it. When God fliall fet open the windows of his mercy unto
us, by reftoring to our bleffed Mafter his perfeft health, I will then,
with more chearfulnefs, and all fpeed, give you that accefs of joy, and
withal continue the acknowledgment of my obligations, the offer of
my humble fervice, and the fame fuit I make now to be valued

Your Lordfliips, &c. &c.

;.,..'((.

•i f

STATE PAPERS.

From the Same to the Same*

567

CHAKLES I.
162;.

Right HonourablCt Whitehall, April 12th, 1G25.

' I ^ H E proxies being ready to go under feal, and the rcfl of the
Peers agreed, and upon the point of difpatch, and his MajeAy's
letters written to come towards you fome time to-morrow by Mr.
Coburne, fervant of his Majedy's, I receive order to difpatch this
exprefs to your Lordfhips, with advertifcment to you that his Ma-
jeAy hath underAood, that an Ambaflador of quality is intended to
be fent hither from that King, which is a work of more folemnity
and coA to both fides than well befits this conjuncture, and the Arong
alliance and friendAiip betwixt th? two Kings, which challengeth ra-
ther familiarity, and mutual care of each other's coA and conveni-
ence. And that there is not any thing which an AmbaAador can
perform, which may not be better done by the Marquis D'Effiatt.
And therefore his MajeAy hath commanded me to fignify his plea-
fure unto your LordAiips to do your beA endeavours to Aop his com-
ing, which his MajeAy will take for a very acceptable office done
to him.

Thanks be to God, his MajeAy is rn health ; the Duke in phyfic,
for health's fake. The King of Denmark hath, by much importu-
nity, fent Sir Robert AnAruther hither, with fo finguiar a teftimony
of Arong afFe£tion and gallant refolution, that ,without any other af-
furance than the words of his Majefty's Ambafladors, he hath met in
perfon with the Lower Saxe Courts, and fome other Princes, to Satisfy
whofe fears, he hath raifed, put into 'i.mies, and holds in readinefs,
lo.cco foot, and 4000 horfe. And if his MajeAy will comply with-
hinii according to the promifes given him, he purpofes to be irv
the field by the i6th of May, with 25,000 foot, and 7000 horfc^
I go too far In your Lordihips trouble, confidering I Ihall to-morrow

trouble

5^8

I02C.

STATE PAPERS.

trouble you again, and for this I beg pardon now, and, with aflurance
of the continuance of them, even for your own virtues fake, I pre-
fcnt you my humble fervice, continuing in the condition of

Your Lordfhips, &c. &c.

•/ ,.'[(

•i . : ".

From the Same to Lord Doncafter,

Right Honourable, Whitehall, April 28th, 162J'.

XJ I S Majefly hath commanded me to accompany this worthy
gentleman Sir Francis Netherfole (Secretary to his dear fifter,
and Refident for his Majefty for the affairs of Germany) with letters
of diredion to your Lordfhips to induce that King, by all the con-
venient ways that may be poffible, to continue his aids for the recovery
of the Palatinate, but with fuch a declaration, as may anfwer the
fpirit of the end for which thofe forces are employed, which is, to
put his Majefty 's dear brother into fuch authority or nopiitiation, as»
how fpecious foever it be, yet it may not leave him like a forgottea
or unknown man in the army ; which part his Majefty recommends
to your judgments fo to negociate, as may turn moft to the advan-
tage of the end propounded.

His Majefty hath added one commandment more, that your Lord-
fhips folicit that King for the company of Gens D'Arms to be con-
ferred upon the Prince Edward, one of the King of Bohemia's fons.
I did mean to have put this letter into Sir Francis Netherfole's hands,
to deliver to your Lordfliips; but defireto accommodate you, for your
own particulars, hath put me off that; the relation whereof, I
recommend to your trufty and diligent Mr. Lorkin ; only my duty
enjoins me to inform you, that upon a conference to-day at my Lord
Trcafurcr's houfe, at which was prefent the Lord Treafurer, the

7 Duke

STATE PAPERS.

569

th affurance
fake, I pre-
on of

Ith, 1625-.
this worthy
s dear fifter,
with letters
all the con-
the recovery
J anfwer the
which is, to
nioation. as,

a forgotten
recommends

the advan-

your Lord-
ks to be con-
lemia's fons.
fole*8 hands,
rou, for your

whereof, I
ily my duty

at my Lord
eafurer, the
Duke

Duke of Buckingham, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and myfclf CHARLES
(afliftcd with Burlamachi and Van Lore), we, in fine, difcovered, "625.
that there was no order come from France for the payment of one
penny, which hath much difordered the bufincfs here. And your
Lordfliips muft think of caufing the money to come in fpecic, or
I fee not how that article concerning the portion can be accomplinied
in any rcnfonable time, for when one day is broken, 1 know not
what day will be kept.

Mr. Lorkin doth ufe miraculous diligence concerning your Lord-
fliips arrears. I hope to get aflignation to Burlamachi to pay fo much
in Paris out of the portion ; but if your Lordlhips can raife it thence,
his Majefty is plcafed to give order for the repayment of it. Even
here 1 break off my letter, and fought out his Majefty to have a war-
rant llgiied to the Treafurer for your Lordfliips 4000 /., which I have
procured, and doubt not but that Mr. Lorkin will get you the money,
and follow this. And to fatisfy your Lordlhips of every pace we go,
I difpatch this to you, having written it by fnatches, and having given
way to many interruptions, befidcs tv/o or three lo^g ones in your
Lordlhips fcrvice, for which caufe I befeech you forgive every dis-
jointed part of this, and vouchfafe the humble prefentation r^f my
fervice, which fiiall ever be performed to you with fuch faith .ind
duty, as l];all juftify my aflurance to ftile myfelf

Your Lordlhips, &c. &c.

P. S. Francis Netherfole brings with him the copy of Count Mans-
feh's commiffion to communicate to your Lordlhips.

\"OL. 1.

570

STATE PAPERS.

From the Same to Lords Carlijle and Holland,

Right Honourable, Whitehall, May 5th, 1625.

T T is impofTible for fo dull an expreifion as mine to fet out to life»

the general contentment and applaufe that all faces and voices
made for the joyful news your Lordfhips gave of the happy knot tied
between the mod excellent perfons of the King and Queen of Eng-
land, and the hearty prayers formed by every man, and Amen to
each other.

But when I ihould obferve the diftrefs his Majelly was in, to pay
the facrifice of joy to his Miftrefs, and duty of gravity to his kingly
wifdom, I want the art to divide that hair; only I muft tell you,
he difcovered what he fought to hide, and all learnt to increafe their
joy by his. '

The next is to let your Lordfhips know, that his Majefty is well
pleafed that you return with the Queen, and by this doth give yon
leave. But becaufe, even as I am writing this, I conceive it were fit
you had a letter for that King from his Majefly, I will enquire
better, and, if need be, move for it, and difpatch it to you by an
exprefs, continuing for ever according to my infinite obligations.

Your Lordfhips, &c. &c.

P. S. If I could be filent, 1 would fay nothing of this gentle-
man, whofe good afFeftion leads him to define this journey. And
being fo well known unto your Lordfhips as he is, and your noble
courtcfies being fo free to all men, I fhall not need to move your
Lordfhips to take knowledge of his merit, yet wifh him the happi-
iiefs of your favour.

STATE PAPERS.

Account of the vaflly rich deaths of the Duke of Bucking-
ham^ the number of his Servants and of the noble Per-
fonages in his train, when he went to Paris, A. D. 1625,
to bring over ^een Henrietta Maria,

[This is a Angular fpecimen of the luxurious magnificence of

that great favourite.]

My Lord Duke is intended to take his journey towards Paris> on
Wednefday the 31ft of March.

TJ I S Grace hath for his ^ody, twenty feven rich fuits embroi-
dered and laced with filk and filver plufhes; befides one rich
white fatin uncut velvet fuit, fet all over, both fuit and cloak, with
diamonds, the value whereof is thought to be worth fourfcore thou-
fand pounds, befides a feather made with great diamonds ; with
fvvord, girdle, hatband and fpurs with diamonds, which fuit his
Grace intends to enter into Paris with. Another rich fuit is of
purple fatin, embroidered all over with rich orient pearls ; the cloak
made after the Spanifh fafliion, with all things fuitable, the value
whereof will be 20,000 /. and this is thought fliall be for the wed-
ding-day in Paris. His other fuits are all rich as invention can frame,
or art faflaion. His colours for the entrance are white pwatchetr,
and for the wedding crimfon and gold.

Three rich fuits a-piece.

Twenty Privy Gentlemen; feven Grooms of his chamber; thirty
Chief Yeomen ; two Mafter Cooks.

Of his own fervants for the Houfehold,

Twenty -five fccond Cooks ; fourteen Yeomen of the fecond rank,

feventeen Grooms to them ; forty- five Labourers Selletters belonging

to the kitchen.

8 Twelve

571

CHARLES
I.

1625.

From the

Harleimi

Colledion.

572

STATE PAPERS.

Twelve Pages, three rich fuits a-piece; twenty four Footmen,
three rich fuits, and two rich coats a-piece; fix Huntfmen, two rich
fuits a-piece; twelve Grooms one fuit a piece ; fix Riders, one fuit
a-piecc; befides eight others to attend the ftable bufinefs.

Three rich velvet coaches infide; without with gold lace all over;
eight horfes in each coach, and fix coachmen richly fuited ; eight-
fcore muficians richly fuited ; twenty-two watermen, fuited in fky-
coloured tafFety, all gilded with anchors, and my Lord's arms'; all
thefe to row in one barge of my Lord's. All thefe fervants have every
thing fuitable, all being at his Grace's charge.

Lords already known to go,

Marqu's Hamilton,
Earl Dorfet,
Earl Denbigh,
Earl Montgomery,
Earl Warwick,
Earl Anglefea,
Earl Salifbury,

Mr. Villars,
Mr. Edward Howard,
Lord Prefident's * two fons,
Mr. William Legar,
Mr. Francis Anflovve,
Mr. Edward Goring,
Mr. Walter Steward.

Lord Walden, , , .

Befides twenty-four Knights of great worth, all which will carry
fix or feven Pages a-piece, and as many Footmen. This whole train
will be fix or feven hundred perfons at leaft. V/hen this lift is per-
fect, there will appear many more than 1 have named.

* Lord Mancheller.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME,

ootmen,
two rich
one fuit

ill over;

} eight-

in fky-

rms'; all

,ve every

fons,

ill carry
lole train
[ft is per-

P P E N D I X.

' , ^ "

RICHARD
III.

I
J

No. I.

Letter of Richard III. to the Btpop of Lincoln,

[This letter is an additional proof of the falfhood of the traditional
ftory about Jane Shore, and conlirms Sir Thomas More's account
of her, in his pitiful hijlory, — That Lord Hallings had fucceeded
Edward the Fourth, in her afFeaions, is well known ; but per-
haps the reader now learns for the firft time, that after her
penance, fhe had another admirer, who made a contra^ ofmatri-
viony with her.]

BY THE KING.

T> IGHT Reverend Father in God, &c. Signifying unto you,
that it is (hewed unto us, that our fervant and rollicilor, Thomas
Lynom, marvelloufly blinded and abufed with the late wife of Wil-
liam Shore, now being in Ludgate by our commandment, hath
made contrad of matrimony with her, as it is faid, and intendeth,
to our full great marvel, to proceed to effect of the fame. We, for
many caufes, would be forry that he fo (hould be difpofed; pray
you therefore to fend for him, and in that ye goodly may exhort
and ftir him to the contrary. And if ye find him utterly fet for to
marry her, and none otherwife would be advertifed, then, if it may
Vol. I. 4 E ftand

From t'nc
Harleian li-
brary.

574

STATE PAPERS.

RICHARD (land with the law of the church, we be content the time of mar^
III.
1484. riage be deferred to our coming next to London ; that, upon fuffici-

• ent furety found of her good abearing, ye do fend for her keeper,

and difcharge him of our faid commandment, by warrant of thefe,

committing her to the rule and guiding of her father, or any other*

by your difcretion, in the mean feafop. Given, &c.

To the Right Reverend Father in God,

The Bifhop of Lincoln) our Chancellor.

STATE PAPERS.

No. II.

The Earl of Lekefler to ^een Elizabeth.

[This letter, which produced the memorable and popular vifit of
Queen Elizabeth to her camp at Tilbury, was omitted in its pro-
per place ; and it is hoped, the fubjedl will juftify the infer ting
it here.]

July the 27th, 1588*.

TVA'Y mod dear and gracious Lady! It is mod true that thefe ene-
mies that approach your kingdom and perfon, are your unde-
fcrved foes, and being fo, hating you for a righteous caufe, there is
the lefs fear to be had of their malice or their forces ; for there is a
inoft juft God that beholdeth theinnocency of your heart; and the
caufe you are aflailed for is his and his church's ; and he never failed
any that faithfully do put their chief truft in his goodnefs. He
hath, to comfort you withal, given you great and mighty means to
defend yourfelf ; which means, I doubt ndt but your Majefty will
timely and princely ufe ; and your good God that ruleth all, will
affift you and blefs you with vidory.

It doth much rejoice me, to find, by your letter, your noble difpo-
fition, as well in prefent gathering your forces, as in employing
your own perfon in this dangerous adion. And becaufe it pleafeth
your Majefty to alk mine advice touching your army, and to ac-
quaint me with your fecret determination for your perfon ; I will
plainly and according to my poor knowledge, deliver my opinion to
you. For your army, it is more than time f it were gathered, and

•The Earl died in the beginning of the gives but an indifferent account of the forma-

Scpfember following. tion and difcipline of chis army, which he faw

t Sir John Smith, an old foldier, in his encamped ; fo it was very fortunate the vetr-

curious ueatife of the tables of this time, ran troops in the Low Cjuntrics did not land.

4 E 2 about

SIS

ELIZA.
B E r II.

1588.

From ihe ori-
ginal in the
Paper-othce.

5;<->

STATE PAPERS.

Ell/ A.
B R I M.

about you, or [o near you, as you may have tlic ufe of it upon few
hours warniug ; the reaibn is, that your mighty enemies arc at
hand, and if God fufFcr them fo p:i!s by your fleet, you are fure
they will attempt their purpofc in landing v\ifh all expedition.
And albeit your navy be very ftrong, yet, as we have always heard,
the other is not only far greater, but their forces of men much be-
yond your's i elfe were it in vain for them to biiug only a navy pro-
vided to keep the fea. But, {o furniilied, as to both keep the fcas
with ftrength fuflicicnt, and to land fuch a power as may give battle
to any Prince j as, no doubt, if the Prince of Parma come forth, their
forces by fea (hall not only be greatly augmented, but his power
to land fliall the eafier take effed, wherefoever he will attempt ;
therefore it is moft requifite for your Majefty to be provided for all
events, of as great force every where as you can devife. For there is
no dalliance at fuch a time, nor with fuch an enemy; you fhall
hazard your own honour, befide your perfon and country, and muft
oflcnd your gracious God, that gave you thefe forces and power,
and will not ufe them when you Iliould. Now for the placing of
your army ; no doubt but 1 think, about London, the meeteft for
my part ; and fuppofe others will be of the fame mind ; and that your
Majefty do forthwith give the charge thereof, to fome fpecial noble-
man about you ; and likewife do place all your chief ofHcers ; that
every man may know what he fhall do ; and gather as many good
horfes, above all things, as you can, and the oldeft, bcft, and afluredeft
Captains, to lea^ ; for therein will confift the greateft ho})e of good
fuccefs, under God. And as foon as your army is aflembled, that
they be, by and by, exercifed, every man to know his weapon ; and
that there be all other things prepared m rcadinefj for your army»
as if they fliould march upon a day's warning; (.ip-.cially carriages,
and a commilfary of vi^tluals, and your tnulcr of ordnance. Of

thefe

S T A T K PAPER ?.

517

thcfc things, but for your MajcOy's cominamlmenr, others can fay ELIZA-
more than I, anJ pirtly there is orders already let down.

Now for your pcrfon, being the mofl: dainty and facred thing \ve
have in this world to care for, much more for advic; to be given for
the dirtdion of it, a man miifl tremble when he thinks of it ; fpc-
cially finding your Mr.jclly to have tliat princely courage, to tranf-
port yourfelf to the utmoll confines of your realm, to meet your
enemies and to defend your fubjeds. I cannot, moft dear Quetn,
confcnt to that; for upon your well doing confifls all the fafcty of
your v\ hole kingdom ; and therefore prefer ve that above all. Yet will
I not that, in fome fort, fo princely and io rare a magnanimity fhould
not appear to your people and the world as it is. And thus far, if it
picafe your iMajefty, you may do, to draw yourfelf to your houfe at
Havering ; and your army being about London, at Stratford, Eafl:
Ham, and the villages thereabout', fliall be always not only a defence,
but a ready fupply to thefe counties, EfTex and Kent, if need be. And
in the mean time, your Majefty, to comfort this army, and people
of both counties, may, if it pleafe you, fpend two or three days to
fee both the camp and the forts. It is not above fourteen miles at
moft from Havering, and a very convenient place for your Majedy
to lie by the way, and fo reft you at the camp. I truft you will be
pleafed with your * Lieutenant's cabbin ; and within a mile there is
a gentleman's houfe, where your Majefty may alfo be. You {hall
comfort not only thefe thoufands, but many more that (hall hear of
it. And thus far, but no farther, can I confent to adventure your
perfon. And by the grace of God, there can be no danger in this,
though the enemy fliould pafs by your fleet. But your Majefty may
without diflionour return to your own forts being but at hand ; and
you may have two thoufand horfe, well to be lodged at Rumford and
other villages near Havering; and your footmea to lodge near
London.

• The Earl himftlf.

Laftly,

578

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA-
BETH.

Ladly, for myfclf, I fee, moft gracious Lady, you kaow what will
moft comfort a faithful fervant ; for there is nothing in this world I
take that joy in, that I do in your good favour ; and it is no fmall
favour to fend to your poor fervant, thus to vifit him. I can yield
no recompence, but the like facrlBce I owe to God, which is a thank-
ful heart; and humbly next my foul to him, to offer body, life and
all, to do you acceptable fervice ; and fo will pray to God, not only
for prefent vidlory over all your enemies, but longeft life, to fee the
end of all thofe that widi you evil, and make me fo happy as to do
you fome fervice.

From Gravefend, ready to go to your poor, but moft willing
foldiers. This Saturday the 87th July.

Your Majefty's, &c.

R. Leycester.

P. 8. I have taken the beft order I can poffibly with the L^ute-
nants of Kent, to be prefent at Dover themfelves, and to keep there
three or four thoufand men to fupply my Lord Admiral, if he come
thither, and with any thing elfe that there is to be had. I wifli
there might be fome quantity of more powder fent to lie in Dover,
for all needs.

STATE PAPERS.

No. III.

S19

B L I 7, A-
BETH.

1588.

Letters from the Commanders of the Fleet . about the Fr>^m the n-;-

CI -n ji t Rinah in the

opantjp Armada, Papcr-oiKc*.

[The zeal and activity which thefe great feamen exerted at this
important crifis, will always endear their memory to the
nation.]

From Sir Francis Drake to Secretary TFalfmgham, from

aboard the Revenge,

' June the 24th, 1588.

A LT HOUGH I do very well know, that your Honour fhall
jr\, be at large advertifed by my very good Lord, the Lord Admi-
ral, that the Spanifh forces are defcried to be near at hand, in feveral
companies, on our coaft, as it is reported for certain by three barks»
unto whom they gave chace and made (hot ; yet have I thought it
good alfo to write thefe few lines unto your Honour, nothing doubt-
ing but that (with God's affiftance) they fhall be fo fought out, and
encountered withall, in fuch fort, as I hope will qualify their ma-
licious and long pretended pradices. And therefore I befeech your
Honour to pray continually for our good fuccefs in this adion, to
the performance whereof we have all refolutely avowed the adven-
ture of our Hves. 2

580

E L I Z 4.
D K T H.

STATE PAPERS.

From the Lord Admiral S- to the Sams,

SIR* July the 6th, 1588.

"D EI N G here !n the midft of the Channel of the Sleeve, on Friday
being the 5th of this monih, I received your letter of the 28th
of June, and another of the fame date, which was written after
you had made up your packet.

Thecaufe of the long time that thcfe letters were in coming unto
me was, bccaufe the purfuivant embarking himfelf upon the Monday
at Plymouth, was fain to beat up and down the feawith a contrary
wind until Tuefday, before he could find me.

By your firft letter, I find how greatly you fland aflured, that
neither the French King, nor the havens and port towns, that ftarid
for the King, will give any help or affiftance unto the Spanish army.
As for New Haven, it is not a place that can ferve their turns.

By your other letter you perceive, by an advertifcment you have
from my brother Stafford, that there is money fent down to Brefl:
andConqucft, for the relief and afliftance of theSpanifli fleet, if they
arrive there. I wifh with all my heart, that they were with the
'^^.^ * * * * * -J- tiicy could give them. It fliould not be long
after, but that 1 would give them another welcome. For if it be they
mean to touch there, then afluredly they have a meaning to join
forces with the Duke of Parma. I have no doubt, but that Lord
Henry Seymour, being fo ftrong as he is, will have a care, that he
fliall not flart any whither to meet them. And it fhall be very well
th;ft you have fome trufty clpial there, to give certain intelligence
wlien the Duke's forces fliall be ready, that then my Lord Henry

f Lord Charles Floward, afierwards Rarl this letter, could not be filled up, the ori-
of Ni'itingharii. ginal being much decayed.

X This ami fcveral other fuch gaps, in

Seymour

STATE PAPERS.

5Si

Seymour may lie in the mouth of their haven to intercept their E
coming forth.

I am forry to perceive l)y your letter, that her Majefly hath no
more care to have forces about her; confulcring t!ic great peril that
may come by ncgleQing that whicli fliould be clone in time. I
have written unto her Majcfty very earneftly about it; and, I hope,
that God will put into her mind to do that which may tend moft to
her fafcty,

I am furc you have feen the letter which I fent unto her Majefly,
of the difcovery of certain of the Spanifh fleet not far off Scilly,
which made me to make as much hafte out to fea as I could ; for
upon Sunday our vidtuals came to us, and having the wind at nortii-
caft, I would not ftay the taking in of them all ; but taking in fome
part of them, I appointed the reft to follow with me, and fo bore to
Scilly, thinking to have cut off thofe Spanifti (hips fepn there, from
the reft of their fleet ; but the wind continued not fixtcen hours
there, but turned South South-Weft, that we were fain to lie off
and on in the Sleeve, and could go no farther.

Then did I fend Sir Francis Drake, with half a fcorefliips and three
or four pinnaces, to difcover. In his way, hard aboard Ufliant, he met
with a man of mine, whom I had fent in a bark, ten days before, to
lie off and on there for difcovery, who had met with an Irifli bark,
and ftaid her, which had been on the 2sd taken by eighteen great
Ihips of the Spanilh fleet, fixteen leagues South South-Weft of
Scilly. They had taken out of the faid bark five of her moft prin-
cipal men, and left in her but three men and a boy. One of the
greateft Spanifli fliips towed her at her ftern by a cable, which in the
night time, the wind blowing fomewhat ftiff, broke, and fo flie
efcaped in the ftorm. This did affure us greatly, that the Spanilh
fleet was broken in the ftorms afore; and, by ill likelihood, we con-
jedured, if the w'nd had continued northerly, that they would Jiavc

Vol. I. 4 F returned

LT Z A-
Bli Til.

M8H

58-

STATE PAPERS.

•^- retiuncd back again for tlic Groyne; hut * * '■' * * wind hath
fcrved thefe fix or fcven days * * * ^- inuil look for them evtry
hour if they mean to come hither.

Sir, I fcnt a fine Spanifli carvcll on, eight days agone, to the
Groyne to learn intelligence, fuch a one as would not have been
miftrufted ; but when flie was fifty leagues on her way, this fouther-
ly wind forced her back again unto us. Therefore I pray you, if
you hear or underftand of any news or advcrtifements by land, that I
may hear of them from you with expedition.

I have divided myfelf here in three parts, and yet we lie withm
fight of one another ; fo as if any of us do difcover the Spanilh fleet,
we give notice thereof prefently the one to the other, and thereupon
repair and aflemble together. I myfelf do lie in the midfl: of the
channel with the greateft force. Sir Francis Drake hath twenty
fliips and four or five pinnaces, which lie towards Ufliant ; and Mr.
Hawkins, with as many more, licth towards Scilly. Thus are we
fain to do ; or elfe, with this wind, they might pafs by, and we never
the wifer. Whatfoever had been made of the Sleeve, it is another
manner of thing than it was taken for. We find it by experience,
and daily obfervation, to be an hundred miles over : a large room for
me to look unto. And whereas it is thought that we fliould have
regard ****** forces of the Spanifh fleet, if they fliould bend for
Scotland, they would in their way thither keep fo far away weftward
of Cape Clear, as they would be farther from us at any time thin it
is betwixt England and Spain ; fo that the befit advertilements, that
we mufl: hope for, mufl: be from you, by the knowledge that you
fhall have overland from Scotland, if they be difcovered there ; and
then our beft and ncarefl: courfo will be unto them through the nar-
row feas. where I have no doubt but we fliall defeat them of their
fleet, whatever they do with * * * *. But, for my own part, I
cannot perfuade myfelf but their intent is •' ***•***»* *. Where

there

STATE PAPERS.

5S:

tlierc arc fo many doubts we muft work by the likelicO; ways, and ^ J"\.'J^it^*
leave unto God to dircift for the beft. And fo I bid vou moll '5-'<.
hearty farewell. From aboard her Majefty's good Ihip the Ark, the
6th of July 1588.

Your affured loving friend, "

Howard.

Sir Frajicis Drake to the Lord He?try Seymour.

Right Honourable and my very good Lord, juiy zi.

T AM commanded by my good Lord, the Lord Admiral, to fend

you the carvel in hafte with thefe letters, giving your Lordfliip
to underftand, that the army of Spain arrived upon our coaft the
20th of the prefent, and the 21ft we had them in chace; and fo
coming up to them, there had pafTed fome common lh,ot between
fome of our fleet and fome of them ; and as far as we can perceive,
they are determined to fell their lives with blows. Whereupon his
Lordfliip hath commanded me to write unto your Lordfliip and Sir
William Winter, that thofe fliips ferving under your charge fliould
be put into the beft and ftrongeft manner you can, and ready to
aflfift his Lordlhip, for the better encountering of them in thofe parts
where you now are. In the mean time, what his Lordfliip, and the
reft following him, may do, fliall be furely performed. His Lord-
fliip hath commanded me to write hearty commendations to your
Lordfliip and Sir William Winter. I do falute,'your Lordfliip, Sir
William Winter, Sir Henry Palmer, and all the reft of thofe ho-
nourable gentlemen ferving under you, with the like ; befeeching
God of his mercy to give her Majefty, our gracious fovercign, always
vidory againft her enemies. Written aboard her Majefty '5 good

4 F 2 fliip.

584

STATE PAPERS.

l:«-l.

^ Bi'ni^ iliip the Revenue, off of Start, this 21 ft, late in the evening
ij88.

Your Lordfhip's poor friend ready to be commanded,

Francis Drake.

P. S. This letter my honourable good Lord is fent in hafle. The
fleet of Spaniards are fomewhat above a hundred fails, many great
fliips. But truly, I think not half of them men of war. Hafte.

Your Lordfhip's afTured,

Francis Drake.

Frojn the Same to Secretary Waljingham,

Moft Hononourable, July the 31ft, 1588.

JAM commanded to fend thefc prifoners afhorc by my Lord Ad-
miral ; which had, ere this, by me been done, but that I thought
their being here might have done fomething, which is not thought
meet now. Let me befeech your honour, that they may be prefented
unto her Majefty, either by your honour, or my honourable good
Lord my Lord Chancellor, or both of you. The one, Don Pedro, is
a man of great eftimation with the King of Spain, and thought next
in this army to the Duke of Sidonia. If they fliouid be given from
me unto any other, it would be fome grief to my friends. If her
Majefty will have them, God defend, but I fiiould tliink it happy.

We have the army of Spain before us, and mind, with the grace
of God, to wreflle a pull with him. There was never any thing
pleafed better, than the feeing the enemy Hying with a foutlierly
wind to the northwards.

God grant we have a good eye to the Duke of Parma ; for, with
the grace of God, if we live, I doubt it not, but ere it be long, fo to

handle

STATE PAPERS.

585

handle the matter with the Duke of Sidonia, as he (hall wifli himfelf ^ L i / a-

B E I H.
at St. Mary port, among his vine trees. 1580.

God give us grace to depend upon him ; (o fliail we not doubt

vi(3:ory ; for our caufe is good. Humbly taking my leave, this laft of

July, 1588.

Your honour's faithfully to be commanded ever,

Francis Drake.

I crave pardon of your honour for my haftc, for that I had the
watch this laft night upon the enemy.

Your's ever,

Francis Drake.

From the Same to the ilueen.

Augud the 8th, i j83.

•-|-^HE abfence of my Lord Admiral, moft gracious fovereign, hath

emboldened me to put my pen to the paper. On Friday laftt

upon good confideration, we caft the army of Spain fo far to the
northwards, as they could neither recover England nor Scotland ;
and within three days after, we were entertained with a great ftorm
confidering the time of year, the which in many of our judgments
hath not a little the enemy way.

If the'wind hinders it not, I think they are forced to Denmark,
and that for divers caufes. Certain it is, that many of their people
were fick and not a few killed ; their Ihips, fails, ropes and wafte*
needeth great reparations, for that they had all felt of your Majefty's
forces. If your Majefty thought it meet, it were not amifs you fent
prefently to Denmark, to underftand the truth, and to deal with that
King according to your Majefty's great wifdom. I have not written
this whereby your Majefty flioiild diminifti any of your forces. Your

5 Ilighncfs's

S86

STATE PAPERS.

ELIZA- Highnefs's enemies are many ; yet God hath and will hear your

BET Ht •« « • • •

1588. Majefty s prayers, puttmg your hand to the plough for the defence
of his truth, as your Majefty hath begun. God, for his truth's fake,
blefs your facred Majefty now and ever. Written aboard your Ma-
jefty's good fliip the Revenge, this 8th of Auguft, 1588. -

Your Majefty's faithful vaflal,

Francis Drake.

From the Same to Secretary Walfmghatn,

Augull the lotli, 15S8.

TD EASONS v/hy he thinks, that the Spanifli fleet is gone to
Norway or Denmark j that the King of Denmark can beil help
their wants.

The Prince of Parma, I take him to be as a bear robbed of her
whelps ; and no doubt, but being fo great foldier as he is, that he
will prefently, if he may, undertake fome great matter, for his reft
will ftand now thereupon. It is for certain, that the Duke of Sidonia
ftandeth fomewhat jealous of him, and the Spaniards begin to hate
him, their honour being touched fo near, and many of their lives
fpent. I aflure your Honour not fo little as five thoufand men lefs, thaa
when we firft faw them near* Plymouth ; divers of their fliips funk
and taken; and they have nothing to fay for themfelves in excufe,
but that they came to the place appointed, which was at Calais, and
there ftaid the Duke of Parma's coming above twenty-four hours,
yea, and until they were fired out. So this is my poor conclufion,
if we may recover near Dunkirk this night, or to-morrow morning,
fo as their power may fee us returned from the Channel, and ready
to encounter them, if they once fally, that the next news you fhall
hear, will be the one to meeting againft the other; which when
it Ihall come to pafs, or whether they meeting or no, let us all

with

STATEPAPERS.
with one confent. botl. high and low. magnify and praifo our moft E- L , y. ,.
gracious and merciful God. for his infinite and unfpeakablc good- '^' ' "'
iicfs towards us. *'.

Written with n.uoh haHe, for that we are ready' to fct fail to
prevent the Duke of Par.na. this foutherly wind, if it pleafcGod;
tor. truly, my poor opinion is, that we fliould have a <Meat eve
upon him. ^ '^

P. S. Since the writing hereof, I have fpoken with .n En.-
hftman. which came from Dunkirk ycflerday ; who faith, up".
his hfe, there .8 no fear of the fleet. Yet would I wHUngly

*CC lit

END QF THE FIRST VOLI)me.