IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I i^|z8 jns |iO ^^™ 1^^ ■^ Uii 12.2 £^ Ufi 12.0 u I 1.25 II ,.4 ^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WfST MAIN STRIiT WEBSTER. N.Y. 145S0 (716)S72-4S03 '^ ^ // :a i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductio^is / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features o^ this copy which may be bibliographicaliy unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a miprofilm6 le meilleur exemplaire qu'il iui a M possible de se procurer. Les d6taiflaire 18 d6taif'.:'n- •'.t -'I't rf' ^ .f\ *^;t*^/'> >iSA*j >^^ ' * w4*» ^^4. / ,p-iX, 'K *» .1 ! ^ PREFACE. AS the Public mufl: ultimately decide on the merits of every work, and their opinion is neither to be cor- rupted by flattery, nor biafled by prejudice, the Editor thinks nothing elle ncccdiiry, by way of Introdu6lion, than to open the plan of the Colledlion, and to aflign a few reafons, for adding one more to the numerous publica- tions of this kind, which the world is already pofTefled of. The principal idea which has prevailed in the choice of the materials, has been, not to dwell too long on any one fubjedt, or any one period ; and to feledt fuch pa- pers, as mark moft ftrongly the charadters of celebrated Princes and their Minifters, and illufl:rate feme memo- rable ajra, or remarkable ferics of events. It Hems fupcr- iluous to obferve, that the introdudions prefixed to mofl: of the articles will conned (as far as was pradicablc) the different divifions of the work with general hiftory, and lead the reader's attention to fuch pouits as he may think deferve it befl. Notes arc cccafionally infcrted at the bottom of the page, with the fame view : and it k hoped they will not be thought either tedious or trifling. A 2 The \ w P R E F A . E. The Editor is well aware of the difgufl: which often arifes to a delicate tafte, from the antiquated ftyle and ftifF phrafeology, which unavoidably occur in thefe publica- tions of hiftorical documents. It is prefumed, however, that many nervous and able difpatches will be %ind here, of a remote date, which do credit to the compofitions of thofe early times, on topics of bufinefs. And it may be fairly aflcrted, that new lights are thrown on the conduA .and characters of fome eminent perfons; as Burleigh, Walfingham, Leicefter, and Charles I. ; notwithftanding that part of our hiflory may appear to fuperficial readers to have been already exhaufted. Some fads and incidents of fmall importance may, indeed, be pointed out, in the courfe of the papers, as languid and uninterefting. But it is to be conlidered, that in every piifiure there mull be fome fhades ; and that it was impoffible to avoid this objedion but by giving fcroken extrads ; by which mode the connedion and ar- rangement of the writer's narrative and fentiments would have been greatly difturbed. The reader will confult his tafte, and turn over thofe pages, where nothing attrads him; though the Editor flatters himfelf that many fuch will not be met with. He will not attempt to recommend himfelf at the expence of thofe who have gone before him; PREFACE. him; and therefore declines giving any reafons why the plan he has adopted may' deferve the preference. Whoever looks into thefc Volumes will be better pre- pared for his future entertainment, if he pleafes to confi- der th^work before him as an hiftorical pidure galleryj where the different modes and fafliions of upwards of two centuries are exhibited in regular fuccefllon. The poli- tics and fentiments of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth's time> differ as much from thofe of William III. and of George I. as the ruff" and fardingale in the habits of the former, from the hoop petticoat, and long pockets of the latter. There may be pieces of inferior mafters in the gallery; but, doubtlefs, fome Titians and Vandykes will be diftinguidi- ed. — The relation of the Princefs Catherine's reception, with which we open, and of the late Qiieen of France's marriage, w ith which we conclude, as they reprefent the faffiions and ceremonial of the refpeclive times, may be thought good companions to the pidlurc of the Champ de Drap dOr, in Windfor Caftle. The Editor cannot conclude, without acknov/kdsinfx the ufeful afliftance which he has received from t!ie Rev. Dr. Douglas, Refldentiary of St. Paul's. It is difficult to fay, whether the zeal of that gentleman on every occafion, where a friend is concerned, or the judgment and ability which he exerts in ferving him, are mofl coiifpicuous. 7 ■ . Nothing vi PREFACE.. Nothing remains but to fubmit this Colledion, with proper refignation and deference, to the judgment of the Public. Their information and amufcment have been the only objcds in view ; and, it is hoped, the endeavour will be attended with fome fuccefs. CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. No. I. Certain Notes taken out of the Entertainment of Katheritiz^ wife of Arthur y Prince of IFales^ OB. 1501. Page i [From the Harleian CoUedlion.] No. II. Original ^Letter of Thomas Leigh^ one of the Vifttors of the MonaflerieSy to Thomas Cromwell^ Lord Privy Seal^ dated from the Monafiery of Vale Rcyal^ Augufl 22, 1536. — — — 21 [From the Harleian CoUeaion.] No. HI. The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk^ the Marquis of Exeter^ and Sir Anthony Brown^ Knight. In^ flruSiions for the levying 7nen to go againfl the Rebels in the Norths \^Z^* — — 23 • > [From the Harleian Coliedlion.] The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk, and the Marquis of Exeter, being in their march toivard Doncafer, againjl the Rebels^ O^ober 20, 1536, ■ ■ — ■ 27 ■ ■ Thff j\\i i53<^» CONTENTS. The Privy Council to the Duke. Injlruflions about dealing with the Rebels, and offering them pardon\Dec. 2, 1536, Page 27 The Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk, December 6, 30 33 35 37 38 39 41 43 4<5 The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. 4, 1536-7, The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. ^, 1536-7, The Privy Council to the Duke, Feb. 25, 1536-7, ^he Privy Council to the Duke, March 3, iSo^-J* The Privy Council to the Duke, March 12, 1536-7, T'he Privy Council to the Duke, March 17, 1536-7, The Privy Council to the Duke, April 7, 1537, The Privy Council to the Duke, April 8, 1537, No. IV. Roger Afchams communication with Monjteur J^Arras^ at Landau^ OSlober 1 , 1552, To Sir Richard Mory- fon. ■ — — • 48 [From the Paper Office.] Sir Richard Moryfon to the Lcrds of the Council^ OSlober 7, 1552, 5» No. V. The jfourney of the ^eens Ambaffadors unto Rome, Anno 1555. The Reverend Father in God the Bifhop of Ely^ and V if count Montague, then Ambaffadors ; lahofet out of Calais in Picardy, on Wednefday, being Afh Wed' day, the 2'jth of February. — 62 [From the Harleian Collection.] • No. C o N T E N No. VI. Letters concerning Calais, T S. u Page 103 [From the Paper Office.] The Council of Calais to the ^een^ May 2^^ IS 57* ibid. Lot\l fVentworth, Lord Grey^ <^c. to the ^een, December 27, 1557, 104 Their confultatiortt Dec. ay ^ ^557* ibid. The Lord JVentworthf Deputy ofCalaisy to the ^een, January I. 1557-8, 107 Lord Wentnvorth to the ^een, Jan. 2, 1557-8, 109 Lord Grey to the ^een, Jan. 4, 155*7-8, 113 Mr, HighfieWs account ofthejiege and lofs of Calais t 114 No. VII. Letters from Sir Nicholas Throkmorton^ Amhaffador in France, — — - 121 [From the Paper Office.] To Secretary Cecily OSl. 28, 1 560, — ^ ibid. To Secretary Cecilt 0^.31, 1560, 124 To the ^ecHi Nov. 17, 1560, 125 To Secretary Cecily Nov. 17, 1560, — 144 ^0 Secretary Cecily Nov. iSy 1560, 146 *To the ^een, Nov. sS, 1560, — 147 To Secretary Cecily Nov. aSt 1560, — 153 To the ^eeuy Nov. aSy 1560, — — ■ 155 To Secretary Cecil, Nov. 2gy 1560, — — 157 To the ^teeuy Nov. 2^, 1560, — 159 To Secretary Cecily Dec. i, 1560, — — ^ 161 Vol. I. No. CONTENTS. No. viir. Mr. Jones to Sir- Nicholas Tbroktnortm^ Ambaffttdor- in France. — — Page 163 [From the Original, in the poffeffion of thb Earl t>f Hardwicke.] No. IX. v Letiers from Sir William Cecil., and' from the Earl of Bedford^ to Sir Nicholas *ftrokntortony . Ambaffddor in France, —^ — « 170 [From the Originals, in- the ppfleifibn of, the Earl of Hardwicke.] Fromr^inWillitm Cec'd t(k Sir Nt Throkmorioftf Majtf 156 1, ibid. From the Same to the Samci Jkiyi^f 1561, 173 Eiidof^B^ford toThfokmortonr July^t I5<^i»< 175 From Cecil to Throkmorton, jiug. zb, 1561, 176 From the Same to the Same, Dec. 82, 1561^ 177 N«. X; .'•— ■ ■ A. note of confultation had at Greenwich ^-^xwao May 1561,. by the Queens Majefiys commandment^ upon a requefl made to her Majejly by the King of Spaifks Ambaffador^ that the Abbot of Martinengo being Nuntio from the Pope^ and arriving at Bru<^^ells, might come into the realm with letters from tbs Pope and other Princes to the ^een. — — 180 [Copied from the Advocates Library at Edinburgh.] No. Contents. XI No. XI. Hmry Earl of Hunthtgdoriy to the Earlof Leic.eftery April ^i5'63. — — Page 187 [From tht Original iri the Britifli Mufeum.] No. XII- Letters from the ^een of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk^ 189 [From Dr. Forbes's CoUeillon, in the pofleffion of the Earl of Hardwicke.] From the ^leen of Stots to the Duke of Norfolk^ 'Jan. 31, 1569-70, From the Same to the Samcj March 19, 1 569-70, From the Same tt> the Sttmey May 17, 1570, •From the SamfJo^,ti)e Same, June 14, 1570, From the Sami^^t;)^h€ Sdmcy --r— -*- 1 'S.x ^ No. XUK 19a 191 192 193 194 Lettirs from Sir Ednoarti^ Smfford^ Amhaffador in iFrtmcem [From tliei Originals in the Paper Office.] ' 196 ■Sir Edward St^^bkd to the^ueeuy Dec.i* JS&^.i . . 197 Sir E. Stafford to Secretary Walfinghamt Dec. ly ijSj, 204 Sir Edward Stafford to the ^eefiy Dec. 10, 1583, 208 Sir Edward Stafford to Lord Burleigh, Dtc. 19, 1583, 212 Copy of a private letter to Mr. Secretary, about the Anfwer of that he 'writ to me of my Lord Paget, — — 2 15 Sir Edward Stafford to the ^een, 215 No. XIV. From the ^een of Scots to Charles Paget^ May 20, 1586'. [From Dr. Forbe«*8 CQUe.u Letter of Henry Cuffe^ Secretary to Robert Earl of Effexy to Mr, Secretary Cecily declaring the effeSi of the in- flruEiions framed by the Earl of Effex, and delivered to the Ambaffador of the King of Scots ^ touching his title to the crown of England'^ which letter was written after Cuffes condemnation, — — . 372 [From a G>py in the poiTefllon of the Earl of Hardwicke.J No. XXIII. C O N T E N T S. No. xxni. 7?w Letters of Sir Dudley Carktoriy afterward Vifcount Dorchejiery concerning Sir W, Raleigh* s plot \ inclofed in the following letter from Mr, Dudley Carleton to Phi- lip Lord Pf^harton* — Page 377 [From the Wharton PaperSi)] Mr. Dudley Carleton to Lord Whorton^i Feb; 14^ 165 1, ibid. Sir Dudley Carkton to Mr; John Chamhrlami' Nov, 27, 1603, 378: The fame to the fame, Dec, 1 1, i<$03, — — > 387 No. XXIV. Mr, Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carlton at Turin j March IS> i6j4^ — — 394. [From the Paper Office.] No. XXV. The' Earl: of Buckingham to Mr, Secretary Winwood^ , March 2S, 1617. — — 398 [From a Copy taken by Mr. Sawyer,] No. XXVI. Piapers relative to the Spanifh matchi — 399; [From the Harlcian MSS. in the Britifh Mufeum.] King James to the Prinee and Duh of Bitckingham, Feb^ 26, ibid. 401 403 ' 404 406 408 The XT 1622-3, The Prime and Duke to King fames, March 10, The Prince and Duke to King James, —— King James to the Prince and Duke, March ij*, King James to the Prince and Duke, March 17, . The Prince and Duke to King James, March 1 7, XVI CONTENTS. << DuJte of Buckingham to King James, — Page 410 King James to the Prince and Dukci March aj*, 1623, 411 The Prince and Duke to King James, March 27, 413 King James to the Prince and Duke, jipril 10, ibid. 7he Prince and Duke to King James, April 23, 414 The Prince and Duke to King James, jipril 27, • 416 Prince Charles to King James, April 2^, — — 417 Duke of Buckingham to King James, y^pril 29, 418 King James to the Prince and Duke, May 11, 419 The Prince and Duke to King James, June 6, ibid. King James to the Prince and Duke, June 14, 42 1 Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 26, 422 Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 27, 423 Duke of Buckingham to Secretary Conuay, June 29, 425 Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, June 2g, ibid. Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, July 15, 426 King James to the Prince and Duke, July 3 1 , 428 Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, July 23, 429 Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, July 29, 432 Duke of Buckingham to King James, July 30, 433 Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug. 5, 436 Secretary Conivay to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug,b, 444 King James to the Prince and Duke, Aug. 5. 445: Secretary Calvert to Secretary Conivay, Aug. 8^ 446 King James to the Prince, Aug. 10, 44.7 Prince Charles and the Duke to King James, Aug, 20. 448 Prince Charles and the Duke to King Jajnes, Aug. 30, 449 The Infanta to King James, Aug. 30, 450 Duke of Buckingham to King James, September r^ 451 Prince Charles to the Pope, — — . — — 4^2 Duke of Buckingham to King James, — — — — 454 9 Prince CONTENTS. x«i Page 410 411 413 ibid. 414 416 417 418 419 ibid. 421 , 422 4«3 425 , ibid. 426 428 3» 489 432 433 5. 436 >. 444 445 446 4+7 3. 448 3i 449 450 451 452 454 Prince 45^ 457 458- 460 461 463 4^5 466 46S 469 470 47* Prince Charles to the Duke of Buckinghaniy Jpril 26^ 1624, Page 45^ Prince Charles to the Duke 0/ Buckingham ^ King James to the Duke of Buckingham^ ■ — Prince Charle.' to the Duke oj Buckingham^ — • Duke of Buckingham to King James ^ — — Duke of Buckingham to King fames^ . Duke of Buckingham to King fames^ -■ Duke of Buckingham to King James^ - Duke of Buckingham to King James, • Duke of Buckingham to King Jamcs^ — — . Duke of Buckingham to King James, Duke of Buckingham to King James^ ■ Duke of Buckingham to King James., > No. XXVII. The Spanijh match continued ; the Earl of Brijlufs Letters, [From the Original in the Paper Oflice,] Earl of Bri;!ol to Secretary Cilvcrt, 0^.24, 1623, Earl of Biijlol to the Kingy Aug, 29, - - The Same to the Same, Sept. 9, — The Same to the Same, Sept. 24, — The Same to the Same, Oct. 24, ■ IVje Same to the Same, N'ov. 26, ■ Earl of Brifol and Sir Walter Ajlon to the Same, Dec. 26, 400 '\Ihe Anfwer to the Earl cf Bvijlol to certain interrogatories in- tended for his Majejlys private fatifaHion, ivith a refcrve far a per miffion- of making recourfe tofuch other things as may he farther necejjary to his clearing;, ^y^ No. XXVIII. Papers relative to the French match, 523 [From the Original in the poflfeflion of the Earl of Ilardwicke.] Vol. I. b Eroiji 4 7.? ibid. 476 479 481 ^88 XV in I CONTENTS. Vrom Secretary Cotmay to Lord Carlijle and Lord Holland^ yf«^. 12, 1624, Pagej23 From Walter Montague to the Eart of Carlijle, ja6 JProm Lord Carlijle to the Duke of Buckingham, OSl. 2, 528 •—— In the Earl qJ Carlijle s hand-writings • ^31 From Secretary Conway to the Amhajfadors^ 061. s, 53 a From Lord Carlijle to the PriucCf OSl, 7, ^oj From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Holland^ 051. 18, ' 536 From Mr, Lor kin to the Lords Carlijle and Hol/andy 0^. 11, 54a From the Same to the Same, OSl. 21, ■ ^^r Copy of the Secret EJcrit prejented by the French Amhajfadors^ and avowed to be the Jame agreed on betiveen them and his Majejly^s Amhajfadors in France ^ Nov. i8, 546 From Secretary Conway to Lords Carlijle and Holland, Dec. 23, 547 From Lords Carlijle and Holland to Secretary Conway, 549 From Lord Carlijle to the Duke of Buckingham, Feb. 16, 1624-5, From Mr. Thomas Lorkin to the Lords Carlijle, &c. Feb. 1 2, g^^ From Secretary Conway to Lord Carlijle, Feb. 24, j^g The Duke of Buckingham to Lord Carlifle, March 15, 561 From Secretary Conway to the Same, March 1 6, From the Same to the Same, March 24, From the Same to the Same, March 24, From the Same to the Same, April i?, 1625, From the Same to the Same, jipril 28, From the Same to Lords Carlijle and Holland, May 5, Account of the vqftly rich Clothes of the Duke of Buckingham^ the number of his Servants, and of the noble Perfonages in his Train, when he -went to Farts, A. D, 1 625, to bring pver ^een Henrietta Maria^ — — ■ ^71 562 f 564 1 Si 565 1 567 N i 568 .i 570 1/9 *M "1 .1, A P P E N- CONTENTS. XIX N I X. No. I. Letter of Richard the Third to the Bifiop of Lincoln, [From the Harleian Library.] Page 573 No. ir. The Ear! of Leicejier to ^een Elizabeth^ July 27, 1588. [From the Originals in the Paper Office.] ^j^ No. IIL Letters from the Commanders of the Fleets about the Spa- nijh Armada, — 579 [From the Originals in the Paper Office.] From Sir Francis Drake to Secretary fVal/in^ham, from aboard the Revenue, June 2 4^ 1588, ibid. From the Lord Admiral to the Same, July 6, 1588, ?8o Sir Francis Drake to the Lord Henry Seymour^ July a i, 583 From the Same to Secretary Walftnghami July ^i^ 1588, 584 From the Same to the ^een, Aug. 8, 1588, 585 From the Same to Secretary Wal/mghami Aug. 10, 1588, j'S^ 1.1 R R A A. Mod of which are Miltakes of. the Tranfcriber of the Original MSS. Page 46. line 23. /er blotted out, rw*/ bolted out. JO. Z';. yir Roan, read Rhine. 6g, 30. _/or Chenevy, /m*/ Geneva. 86. 22. /er Sunday, rr<7^ Saturday. 94> 7, yiir not unpunidieJ, rran of Honour. No. I. Certain Notes taken out of the Entertainment of Kathe- HarieUn rine, PFife ^Arthur, Prince of Wales ^ OSi, 1501. 69. 25. [This is printed * as a curious fpecimen of State ceremonial during times^ when the pomp, order, and magnificence of Courts were kept up to the height. The Princefs too, who was the occafion of it, was innocently, but unfortunately for herfelf, the fource of great events.] T T is ordained, that my Lord Steward f , and the other perfons •*" thereto appointed, be attending upon the Princefs in their barks, fomewhat before (he come to Gravefend, and there hail and falute in the befl manner they can ; and that the minftrels fail not to do their parts as accordeth to them, and as foon as her ihip fhall be fallen to an anchor, the faid Lord Steward and all other Nobles fhall go into the Ihip wherein the faid Princefs fhall be, and after the * In the fifth volume of the laft edition of Leland's ColIeAanea, p. 352, &c. is a narra- tive of the Princefs Katherine's arrival and reetptien. Sec. ; but it differs entirely from what is here laid before the public; containing only her journey from Plymouth, where flie landed, to Kennington near Lambeth, where (he con- Vol. L * tinued till every thing was prepared for her public entry ; the particulars of which, never before printed, are the fubjefl of the prel'cnt article. A Narrativt ef tht juftt, banqucti, and difguifingi, after the marriage, may be fcen in the above volume of the Colleflanea, from p. 3j6, to p. 373. t Lord Brooke. B King's a STATE PAPERS. #/ iiii' HENRY K-ing'fl commendations made by my faid Lord Steward ; the Queen's by her Chamberlain, and tlie Prince's, by his Chamberlain, in Inch form as tlicy fliall be by them commanded ; the Prior of C^anterbury Hiall fliy the proportion, after the which, my faid Lord Steward Ihall flicw, or caiifc.do be fliewed to liic faid Princcfs, that the King's Grace, tenderly confidering her great and long pain and travel upon the lea, would full gladly that Ihe had landed and lodged for the night at Gravefend : but forafmuch as the plague was there of late, and that is not yet clean purged thereof, the King would not that ihe fliould be put in any fuch adventure or danger, and therefore his Grace hath commanded the bark to be prepared and arrayed for her lodging: wherefore he fhall on the King's behalf defire her, for her more eafe and relief, to depart out of her own flaip into the faid bark ; declaring to her alfo, that in the fame Ihe fhall be con- veyed to tbe city of London : and if it fliall pleafe the faid Princefs fo to do, my faid Lord Steward fliall fee that flie fliall be well and honourably entreated and entertained, in every behalf, and that flie be ferved in the faid bark of her diets, as appertaineth ; and though the faid Princefs will not in any wife depart out of her fliip into the faid bark, before fuch time as fhe fliall be flrait conveyed into the city, the King's commandment yet is, that flie have the faid diets and all fuch vinor and ! Tower, hal, and )rds and •pointed, e. The ; charge the faid pen ihe hover jings at ind the odging ; and STATEPAPERS. 7 and that my Lord Steward give unto them warning and charge ^^^^^ of the fame. It is appointed that the gate of the wharf of the faid Tovrer towards St. Kalherine's at the one end, be fpied all the day, that the Princefs (hall arrive, and the other gate at the other end of the faid wharf toward London, be kept by Officers of the Marflialfea, and the King's Bench, that no man enter by the fame, but fuch only as fhall attend upon my Lord of Yorke, and fuch honeft perfons as Ihall be thought convenient by the difcretion of the faid Sir Thomas Lovell ; and that the fame Officera of the Marlhalfea and King's Bench keep all the faid wharf, that no man land there by boats, and that the bridge over the Tower-ditch be furely made of a meet largencfs, and fufficiently railed on both fides, and the ward-houfe before the gate taken away, or fet apart: and afore the time the faid Princefs fhall lodge in the Tower, her company fhall lodge in the City at the Harbigage of the Mayor and his Officers, as nigh the Tower as conveniently may be done, or with their acquaintance lodging within the Tower, and then depart to their lodgings at their pleafure, if they fhall fo like ; and the faid Sir Thomas Lovell hath taken upon him the whole charge and execution of this article. Itenii It is thought convenient that the fa'd Princefs fhall lodge in the Tower in the King's lodging, the fame to be apparelled by my Lord Chamberlain, and there to refl two days or more, as fhall pleafe the King's Grace, and as the cafe fhall require. ItetUy The Qiieen's lodging, and fix more of the beft chambers within the Tower, be apparrelled and drefTed for the Ladies of the faid Princefs ; and that this be done by Sir Charles Somerfet^ and Sir Thomas Lovell. Item, At the coming of the faid Princefs to the Tower of London, and for the time of her refting there, it is thought that my Lord Steward fhall provide for the diets of the faid Lady, under the form 5 STATE PAPERS. T ,::tr ''.'}M' ^Vti^"^ fbrra following: that Is to fay, for a chamber for herfelf, a chamber for her Ladies, a chamber for her Lords and other Nobles, and that the gates being kept, that as few enter in the fame, except only ftrangers and honeft perfons, as may be, but only the officers and purveyors for the houfehold, and fuch as fiiall be commanded by the King, or appointed to do fervice or attendance for the time, and during the feaft, at Paul's and Weft- minfler, and alfo for the time that the King ihall afterwards be at his manor of Richmond, or his caftle of Windfor, or any other place, till the Spaniards have taken their leave: the Lords and Ladies with their menial fervants to have free refort at every meal to the King's houfe. Itetti, When the Princefs fhall diflodge out of the Tower, it is appointed, that then my Lord of Yorke, and all the other Lords and Nobles that have given their attendance tince fhe was firfl: met, be ready at the faid Towfir on horfeback, to convey her to the weft door of the church of St. Paul's, and that no perfon but only the fliid Lords, and fuch gentlemen as (hall await upon them, be on horfeback, and that no Lord or other have any more fervants attend- ing upon him on foot, but only as foUoweth : that is to fay, my Lord of Yorke 1 2, the Archbifhop of Yorke 4, the Duke of Bucks 4, every Bifhop and Earl 3, every Baron 2, and every Knight and Efquire i ; and that they, and every of them have thereof adver- tifement by my Lord Chamberlain, and that two of the King's fervants appointed by my Lord Chamberlain, give their attendance upon the faid Lords and Nobles, to caufe them to keep this ordinance : and my faid Lord of Abergavenny, having attending upon him for iliis time the officers of arms, hath taken upon him to put into due order the faid Lords and Nobles, as appertalneth to their degrees and eftatcs, and in the fame order to keep them from their departing out of the Tower, to their coming to the faid weft door. erfelf, a id other r in the be, but fuch as ervice or ad Weft- ^ards be ,ny other srds and ery meal ver, it is er Lords firft met, the weft only the be on s attend- fay, my Bucks 4, ght and f adver- Klng*s endance inance : lim for into due degrees parting .^f STATEPAPERS. 9 Itefff, That a rich litter, be ready to receive and convey the faid "^^j*^^ Princefs to the weft door of the church of St. Paul's. v,— v — ' Itemt That .three borfemen in fide-faddle and harnefs, all oF one fuit, be arrayed by the Mafter of the Queen's Horfe, to follow next to the faid Princefs's litter. Item, That a fair. palfrey with a pillion, richly arrayed, and led in hands for the faid Princefs, do follow next unto the faid Horfemen. Item, That ti palfreys in one fuit, be ordained for fuch Ladies, attending upon the faid Princefs, as ihall follow next unto the fa'd pillion. Item, That 5 charres diverfely apparrelled for the Ladies and Gentlewomen, be ready the fame time at the Cud Tower, whereof, one of the chief muft be richly apparrelled and garnifhed for the faid Princefs, and the other four to ferve fuch Ladies as (hall be appointed by the Queen's Chamberlain, and that the fame follow in fuch order as the faid Chamberlain ihall appoint* Item, That betwixt every of the faid charres, there be 5 or 6 palfreys of fiich Ladies, as fhall come to the feaft, fc^ the attendanoe given upen the. Queen's Grace. Item, That the iame Chamberlain have alfo the ordering of the faid palfreys, as well as of the charres, and if there fortune any jAore charres to come than above is affigned, then the fame to be ordered by the faid Chamberlain. Item, It is to be remembred, that fome wife and expert perfon .or perfons be afligned by the King and the Queen for the pur- veyance of the faid litter, palfreys, charres, and the apparels that &all be ncceflary for the lame, and that this be done with aU fpeed, for the cafe it requireth. Item, That the Mayor, Gttzens and Crafts attend upon the faid Princefs at the Crofs in Cheap, in fuch manner, and in fuch folemn pageants and ceremonies as they have devifed for the honor of . C the Mi- ll*' f 1', I "!|i 10 S r A t E PAPER S. ^ vn^^ the City, and of the fcaft, "whereof my torrds at to ) and the ' ' ■* 18 devifed > the faid ot of the )ller hath ;t in the ry, to the ut of the }mptrollec be made g's child} ood large- tor of the :eiTary for together, neceflary : ;er8, may is thereby that froiB. la flage of ir. Charles Somerfet Somcrfet and the Comptroller of the King's houfe have taken Upon them, that the faid work 0)all be made fure and fubftantial. Iteitti That the trumpets ftand aloft over the fame weft door, and blow continually after the firft coming of the faid Princefs out of the great gate of the faid palace, till the time Hie be in the ^hurch upon the hault place, and then forthwith when jfhe fliall be there, the trumpets to ceafe; and the ordering and guiding of the iaid trumpets and minftrels for the time of the feaft, is committed to Thomas Lovell, Yeoman Ufher of the King's chamber. > . . i • , ; , < r , And when the faid Prince and Princefs (hall be on the faid hault- place on loft, and the banes afked them, that Mr. Secretary objedt openly in Latin againft the faid marriage, that it cannot be lawful, for fuch reafons as he fhall exhibit there, fupppfed to be grounded on the . laws of Chrift's Church j whereunto Mr. Dr. Barnes Ihall reply, and declare folemnly, likewife in- Latin, the faid marriage to be good and efFedual in the law of Chrift's Church, by virtue of a difpenfation . which he Ihall have there, to be openly read, and thereupon forthwith to deliver it to the Executor Officii, and the fan^e Executor to com- mand his Chancellor to read it ; the fame objedions made, or any . other to be made ^gainft the fame, notwitbftanding : and for adver- tifement of the Archbilhop of Canterbury in all fuch things as fhall be executed by him at that folemnity, the King's Secretary hath taken upon him the charge. And in cafe ii be requifite after the manner of Spain, as it is after the cuftom of England, that fome man fhall give the efpoufe, then the greatefl Perfonage that fhall come with the faid Princefs, fhall give her. The charge of this article refteth in my Lord Chamber- iain. JtefBt When all fhall be fi&ifhed that is to be done on the faid hault-place for the matrimony, then fhall the Prince and Princefs igo together upon the faid gallery hand in hand, all along the body 13 ^ENRY vn. U— -v ' 14 STATE PAPERS. I "r!'l!f' " vu*^^ of the faki church, ftrait after hede upon the fame gallery ftrewed with ruflies, herbs» and flowers up to the choir, and through the choir to the high altar to their places appointed there : and ,that the ordering, rufliing, and apparrelling of the iaid gallery, be prov,i4ed for by Sir Charles Somerfet and Mr. Cprnptroller. -, ,, Item, As foon as the Prince and Princefs fhall begin to depart their courfeV till the Prince ahd Princefs (hall be, before tfie high altar, and then all the minftrelstp ce^fi;. And the ordering of all the fald m'inllrels is qb^hntted^ro liovel), /Ciher of. the King's (jhiimber. And to the intent that the faid Prince and Princefs may hare al- ways fome place fecretly to refort unto, for fuch cafualties that may fall during the high mafs of the marriage : It is to be forefeen that the IViitce fliall have a traverfe made and fet on the north fide the choir near the high altar in place convenient, with a running ctthairl to JferV^^ 'v^hen need ihall be: fo as the minftrels about the high attar, afed fhdfe in the vaults, Hialll not now fee what ihall be done in the faid traverfe : and femblably, another 'raeerfe to be made likewife, arid to he fet on the South fide of the choir, alfo in lt[ict convenient for the faid Princefs to ^refort into, if any occafion io demand. My Lord Chamberlain hath takes upon him the pro- vifion and making of thefe traverfes. . ■'//«//, As for the carr-cloth, ^t fhall be of white baukin,^ ai^i^ pro?, vided'by my Lord Chamberlain, and by him delivered to tKe frince's Chlimberlain ; and the fpices and wines, to be provided by my Lord Stewardl,'and delivered to the Prince's Chaipberlain and his ofi^cers^ they to have the ordering of the £ime ; and that the c^rre-cloth b^. holjden by two Lor^s to be affigned by ^y Lord CJh^ipbfKrlajft, , ';Xj'J'.r I m STATE PAPERS. hem, After the folcmnity of matrimony fliall be fully done, the Prince fhall firft, and before the Pnnceft, depart with his company, down all along the North fide of the church, and make his entry at the door of the palace of the Bifhop, that is next unto the faid con" flftory, far within tlie faid palace, at her chamber door to receive the faid Princcfs. ;■ "'.^ ,. , .',,.._.,.,!..',.,_..... ' Item, The laid t^rincefs, ^ooa after the departing of the faid Prince, led by my Lord of York fhall return the fame way fhe went, that 18 to fay, throug4i the choir down upon the faid gallery, all along the body of the church, out o^the great Weft door of the fame, and in at the great gate of the Btfliop's palace, and fo to her chamber, where, at the door thereof, the Prince fhall receive her, as the cuflom of England is. . , . . Iteftit That firft, the mipftr?le, an4, , af;er, . the trumpets, «vcry man after his courfe and faculty, do their parts when the Princefa fhall return towards the palace of the Gifhop, ajs they did at her going from the fame. Item, It is thought good, that, fomewhatbelTd^ t^p, great. Weft, door of the church, in the South fide thereof, therejhal( bc,a fbleron conduit, well and pompuoufly devifed for to run divprs forts, of good wines, and ttje faid conduit td begin to run as foon as the Princefs fhall be entered into the faid palace, and fo to run continually all that day, and pirt of the pipes to run till midnight following ; whereof Sir ChairleftSomerfet and Mr. Comptroller hath the charge. ' ' Item, It is thought convenient, that fiich head ofGcers as fhall have charge of the feaft, the day of the faid marriage, do provide amongfl other things, that the halt* of the Bifhop of London's palace as well iiii the of the boards, tables, and forms thereof, and in hanging of the hoiife, as in making of cupboards, as well in the chamber where the faid Princefs fhall dine, as alfo in the hall, and odierwife, thought neceftary, be well and honourably garniftied and drefled, fo as it fhall be beft devifed for the honour «5 HENRY VII. STATE PAPERS. "3 H ^vn* ^ ®^ ^^ ^**^ ^^^^ ' *^* charge of the execution of this article is com- mitted to Worley, to be done by the advice of Sir Charles Somerfet and Mr. Comptroller. Item, After the feaft, that matter is remitted unto the Steward* Comptroller and the head officers of the King's mod honourable Houfhold, and the Cofferer to fee for the payment therepf. . ; ftetfti The third day after the day of marriage, the faid Prince and Princefs to depart from the faid palace, towards Baynard's caAIe, to go to Weftminfter with the King's Grace; and that the faid Princefs fo departing, (hall ride in her litter, or on her fparc horfe, Hvith the pillion, behind a Lord to be named by the King, and eleven Ladies upon palfreys after ber; and that certain convenient number of the faid Lords and Nobles be named, and warned by my Lord Chamberlain, then alfo to await on her on horfeback, with the fame number of their fervants with them on foot, that they had betwixt the Tower and the church of St. Paul's, keeping company with the Lords of Spain, as they did before accompany the faid Princefs to Baynard's caftle, where the King and the Queen fhall be : and fo forth to go with the King by water to Weftminfter : and for this to be well done, two things are behoveful, the one is, that the (Ireets from Paul's chain down Lambert's hill, between the Earl of Derby's Place on the one fide, and the Under Treafurer's lodging, to the faid Baynard's caftle, be well gravelled, and fubftantially caft with fand, by the Mayor of London, for the horfes more furety to keep themfelves upright in the great defcent of the hill aforefaid : the other is, that the faid Princefs diflodge the faid third day, from the Bifhop's palace at fuch good hour, as fhe may come to the King and Qgeen, to depart, if the King fo be pleafed, the fame day at time convenient from the faid Baynard's caftle, to the King's palace of Weftmihfter : the care of the ordering of fuch things comprifed in this article, my Lord Chamberlain hath taken the charge. ftemt •»fr STATE PAPERS. n nem, That the great bridge at Wcflminftcr be amended by the "^'J.'^^ Treafurer of England, and the King's arms be renewed and new painted, whereof he (hall have warning by Mr. Comptroller. Itctn, The floor of Weilminfter-hall be alfo new repaired, and the windows of the fame glazed ; whereof Mr. Comptroller and Worley have the charge. Iteffit That the Woolbridge at the fame Weftminfter be alfo new repaired at the King's coft, the charge whereof is committed to Mr. Comptroller and Worley. Item, That all the gates and doors be (hut, fo that there be none enter except only through the great hall of Weftminfter and the White hall. Itemt For the more royalty of the going of the King and the Queen, of the Prince and of the faid Princefs, unto Weftminfter by \7ater1 it is accorded that the King and Queen and Prince have their barges apart, well and pompoufly rigged and drefted ; for the King's barges, the Lord Chamberlain hath the charge ; and for the Queen's, and Prince's, the Chamberlain of both the Q^een and Prince have charge. Ifem, That, likewife, all the Lords fpiritua! and temporal that have given their attendance at the feaft, accompany the King in their barges and great boats to the faid Weftminfter ; and as for the faid Prinqefs, it is thought that flie fhould be with the Queen's Grace in her barge. The Lord Chamberlain hath the charge to advertife the Lords of the premifes, and the Queen's Chan berlain to provide for the Princefs's conveyance with the Queen. Itentt Befides this provifion, that the King's great and little boats be purpofely prepared and kept for fuch ftrangers as fliall come with the faid Princefs, whereof my Lord Chamberlain hath taken charge. : -ir i>-i < , ' • . • • • Item, When all tti. e barges and boats of the Lords fpiritual and temporal, fhall be thus appointed and ready upon the Thames, to fct forward towards Weftminfter, then the faid Lords fpiritual and D temporal i8 STATE PAPERS. HENRY VII. i'l'i U I' I*; i 3: temporal fhall attend, every man in his barge, or boat, in the river, upon the King's barge, and when the King in his barge fhall fct forth from the faid Baynard's caftle, then all the other barges and beats, to row by the King, after the King, and about the King, as the fpace of the river with the ebbe or flow, and good order, fhaU lead them, till the time his Grace (hall be landed at the great bridge of Weftminfter ; and that the Queen*s Grace and all the Ladies and certain Lords, to be appointed by the King's Grace to attend upon her, follow the company of the King : and when flie fliall come to the great bridge at Weftminfter, that then fhe, her Ladies and Lords attending upon her, paufe and reft in their barges till fuch time that the King with his company be landed and entered into the palace. The charge of the ordering and appointing of the Lords to give attendance upon the King*s Grace and the Queen, in their barges, is committed to the Lord Chamberlain; and for the ordering of the Queen, with the appointing of the Ladies to give attendance upon her Grace, the charge is committed to the Queen's Chamberlain. And for jufts, tourneys, and other ceremonies, they be remitted to the faid Mr. Comptroller, ferjeant of the King's armoury : and as for provifion of the fcafix)lds, and all other things belonging to the faid jufts, Mr. Comptroller and Worley have taken upon them the charge. ■« Item, It is ordained, that the morrow after the King's coming to Weftminfter at afternoon, in the evening, the King ftiall make the Knights of the Bath, and the day next enfuing flial! begin the tourneys and jufts to endure at the King's pleafure. Item^ It is thought fitting and honourable, that every Lord fpiritual and temporal that ftiall give their attendance at the time, keep his houfe during the faid feaft, and till the King depart from Weftminfter. Item^ That my Lord Chamberlain fend certain of the Ulhcrs of the King's chamber, to take up Heron's houfe within the fanduary, and , in the lis barge the other nd about low, and be landed irace and g's Grace md when then (he, t in their inded and ppointing ; and the lain; and tie Ladies ted to the remitted ury : and onging to pon them « :oming to make the begin the d fpiritual » his houfe linfter. Uihcrs of fanituary, and STATE PAPERS. and to fcarch all the lodgings that be within the Abbey and the ' Chanon Row, and caufe the owners of them to drefs and furnifli them with ftufF, and to make their report of every of the fame by writing. Item, My Lord Steward and Mr. Comptroller, to caufe fix of the beft furniflied lodgings of the Sanduary, and the town of Weft- minfter, to be referred and kept for ftrangers. Itenty That Mr. Robert Southwell, and Sir William Pampage, fliall have either of them a whole copy of this book, to the intent they may often overfee and perfedly perufe the fame, and not only to advertife every man that hath any charge committed to him to be ready, and to do their offices, but alfo to call upon them for the execution of the fame. Iteniy That Jaques Hault, and William Pawne, be appointed to devife and prepare difguifings and fome morifques, after the beft manner they can, whereof they fliall have warning by my Lord Chamberlain. Itentt Whereas my Lord Steward is now fick, if it fortune that he continue in his ficknefs fo long, that he fliall not now attend to fuch charges as be commiited to him by divers articles of this book, Mr. Comptroller hath taken upon him to do, perform, and execute all the faid charges by the faid articles appointed to my faid Lord Steward, and in manner and form as my Lord fliould have done, if he had not been letted by his faid ficknefs, forefeeing always there be fome noble Perfonage appointed to occupy the place and room of the faid Lord Steward, touching the receiving and conducing the Princefs, which Perfonage is thought fliould be my Lord of Surrey. Jtcnti The Bifliop of Durham hath taken upon him to make an abftrad oat of this prefent book, of every man's charge, as it is comprifed in the fame, and the fame abftraiSl: divided into feveral D 2 articles 19 HENRY VII. St HENRY VII. STATE PAPERS. articles as the matter touchcth every man apart, to deliver in writ- ing to Mr. Secretary, which fhall inclofe the faid articles feverally in as many letters as there ihall be articles, and the fame direCt and caufe to be fent to fuch perfons, as be named in the heads of the faid articles, defiring them by the fame letters, to do and perform for their parts as is exprefled in the fame articles. ■1 m M STATE PAPERS. «I rin wrlt- i fcverally dire£k and ids of the d per fortn No. II. Original Letter of Thomas Leigh (one of the Vifuers of " yni^^ the Monajieries) to Thomas Crumwell, Lord Privy hItU SeaL Dated from the Monaflery of Vale Royal, the 604. 2ld of Augufi^ iSS^* leian Library, [This is a curious but authentic pidure of G)untry Manners about the time of the Reformation: It is no wonder that Vifiters, making fuch reports, were unpopular.] IN my moft humble manner I commend me unto your good Lord- ihip, evermore thanking you of your munificency, and great goodnefs, at all times ftiewed unto me. Advertifing your Lordfhip, that whereas I have hitherto, according to your commandment, vi- fited the archdeaconries of Coventry, Stafford, Derby, and part of Chefliire; for that I can perceive accordingly, as I heretofore have written unto you, there laketh nothing but good and godly inftruc- tion of the rude and poor people, and reformation of the heads, in thefe parts. For certain of the knights and gentlemen, and mod commonly all, liveth fo incontinently, having their concubines openly in their houfes, with five or fix of their children, and put- ting from them their wives, that all the country therewith be not a little offended, and taketh evil example of them. Wherefore hitherto I have given and fent commandment to them (forafmuch as I could not fpeak with them all, by reafon they were at the affizes), to put from them immediately fuch concubines, as they have hi- therto notorioufly and manifeftly occupied and kept, and to take again ( ■ 22 STATE PAPERS. HENRY again their wives ; or elfe to appear before your Lordfilp, to fliew a caufe why they fhould not be compelled ; and if your Lordfliip will command any other thing to be done in the pi imifes, I fhall be ready to accomplifh the fame. And feeing my Lc d of Norfolk is come to the court, I fhall moft humbly defire you to have toe in remembrance. And thus God prefer ve you, and b ive you in his moft firm tuition, with much increafe of honour, according to the contentation of your Lordfhip's moft noble good hcan^ defire. From the monaftery of Vale Royal, the 28d of Auguft. Your Lordftiip's humble at commandment, Thomas Leigh. [' ''.b.'o'ii' -fW. ■g m h tc w CI F h y fi t: nil- '\ ;:;ii ;,«(' .»!! STATE PAPERS. 23 p, to fhew iir Lordfhip ifes, I fhall of Norfolk have me in you in his rding to the lefire. uguft. No. in. rhe Privy Council to ths Duh of Norfolk, the Marquis "^^ry of Exeter, and Sir Anthony Brown, Knight. Inflruc- Harieian J ill Collection, tiom for the levying Men to go againfl the Rebels in the No. 6989. Northy 1536. AS Leigh. [This formidable Rebellion is not very fully related by our Hifto- rians. and ftill lels the Intrigues which produced it ; had more of the Nobility and Men of Property joined in it, the Throne of Henry Vlil. and his Church Eftablifliments would have been fhakeii, it not overturned,] 0£tober 19th, 1536. AFTER our right hearty commendations, Thefe fhall be to advertife you, that this morning arrived here a poft with the letters herein inclofed, directed to you my Lord Norfolk, and others to the K. Highnefs, the copy alfo whereof you fhall receive here- with, which was commanded, as by the faid letters you fhall per- ceive, to have firft pafled by you, and fo after to have come hither. For anfwer to the contents of which letters, the King's Majefty hath commanded us to fignify unto you, that firll his pleafure is, you fliall, with all poflihle diligence, fend unto my Lord Suffolk all. fiich munitions as in his letters to you my Lord of Norfolk be con- tained. Second, that you Sir Anthony Brown, fhall with your 8 number Il'f'll 24 HENRY VIII. U, .. w — > STATE PAPERS. number of 560 men, in his Grace's laft letters mentioned, and with 440 men on horfeback more, to make up a full thoufand, if they may poffibly be there gathered, advance fpeedily to my Lord of Suffolk, taking alfo with you the ten pieces of ordnance that were before appointed unto you, with powder, (hot, and all things con- venient for the fame. And if the faid 440 men, to make up the full thoufand men on horfeback, or within an hundred at the uttermoft of the fame, cannot be there levied, then his honour's pleafure is, that you fhall take the 560 men on horfeback before prepared, and with them alfo 1000 footmen, or very near that number, to be in like manner conveyed with you, or after you, to my faid Lord of Suffolk with all poffible diligence. And his Grace's inftant defire is, that you my Lord of Norfolk and Exeter, fliall, with the band of 5000 men in all, limited unto you, make your addrefs with the like fpeed to my * Lord Steward. And that you fhall take certain order, that the ports may be laid furely for the fpeedy conveyance of letters, both between Lincoln and Windfor, and between the places where you fhall fortune to be, and the fame. Finally you fhall under- ftand, the King's Highnefs hath at the writing hereof prefently difpatched to Mr. Cofferer by Dr. Leighe f , and Dr. Leighton f , for your good furniture, now at your fetting forth, and in your journey towards my Lord Steward, the fum of two thoufand pounds, having alfo appointed, that a fpecial and certain Treafurer fhall, for the faid journey only, with the fame wait upon you. And therefore his Grace defireth you to fear no want of money ; for this day there • The Earl of Shrewfbury, who was the King's Lieutenant againft the rebels in York- ftiire. t Thefe by the Lord Cromwell's means had lately been fcnt abroad by commillion from the King, to vifit the abbeys, and to take account of the enormities there com- mitted. And there is a letter wrote by one of them, viz. Leighton, to Cromwell, con- cerning the nuns and friars of Sion, extant in Fuller's Church Hiftor)'. In the diflblu- tion of the abbies, thefe men had the finger- ing of the revenues thereof for the King's ufe, which made them fo odious, that thefe rebels among their demands at Doncaller made this, that Leigh and Leighton fhould be imprifoned for bribery and extortion. is P- and viklx 1, if they ' Lord of that were lings con- ip the full termoft of I, that you with them ^e manner fFolk with that you 5000 men :e fpeed to >rder, that of letters, ices where ill under- prefently tonf, for ir journey 8, having , for the therefore day there Sion, extant n the difToIu- ad the finger- lie King's ufe, kt thefe rebels ier made this, be imprifoned i« STATEPAPERS. 25 is alfo dlfpatched to Mr. Goftyck above ten thoufand marks, and ^y!^,^^ more fliall come after. And befides, if any bruit or noife fliall be of any want of money, it might greatly difcourage men, and fo hinder much the King's affairs at this time, which by all means would be fet forth and advanced. And thus mod heartily fare you well. From Windfor the 19th of Oftober. Your loving friends, Thomas Audeley, Qiancellor. Thomas Crumwell. Robert Sussex. Edward Hereforde. 77)e Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk and the Mar a tin kjS. of Exeter^ being in their march towards Doncajler againjl the Rebels, Anno 1 536. AFTER our right hearty commendations. Forafmuch as by letters fent from my Lord Steward, and my Lord of Suffolk, with others to the King's Highnefs, it appcareth, the number of rebels groweth and increafeth daily ; his Grace's pleafure is, that for the better furniture of your forces, as well you, my Lord of Norfolk, fhall take with you the reft of your band, over and above the number appointed, which you wrote was 1500 men or there- abouts : as that you, my Lord Marquis, fliall fcmblably take all the reft of your band, over and above the number agreed upon with you, if you (hall together think it fo CKpedient ; hafting yourfclves to my Lord Steward with all poflible diligence. Advcrtifing you furthermore, that for the more perfect keeping of Lincolnftiire in E quiet, 86 STATE PAPERS. HENRY vm. pi ' •' l.'l! Ill' !'■. ' ill 1 quiet, his Grace hath commanded my Lord Chamberlain (Lord Sands) Mr. Poiilet, and Mr. Kingfton, with the refidue of the Gloucefter- fhire men, not being of the thoufand going with you, and others to furnifh on horfeback, and on foot, if they can there at Ampthill levy fo many good men, and the number of 2000 perfons, and the fame with fpeed to fend to my Lord of Suffolk ; fignifying further unto you, that becaufe this matter fcemeth to be fo hot and dan- gerous, his Grace defireth you, my Lord of Norfolk, to advertife him by this bearer, whether you Ihall think it expedient, that his. Grace ihould levy an army to attend upon his perfon, and fo ad- vance towards the faid rebels ; and what you think elfe expedient to be confidered touching the fame. And to this faid bearer to give firm credence, for his Highnefs hath declared his full mind and. pleafure in that behalf. And thus mofl heartily fare you well; the :10th day of O^ftobcr, 1536,. Thomas Audeley, Qiancellor,. John Oxynford. Edward Her t ford e. Thomas Crumwet l. Robert Sussex. Richard Ctcester. Endorfed thus, In fcciuido cxitii vcrfus Doncaflr*.. :m * I'or the rebels had already taken Hull divitlrj into thrf bodies. Aiul hltlirr the- ard Pomfret, .ind were advanced foinhward Duke was now hallcning to meet and %h"t, bt tore Donculler, jo,ooo llrong, , Iving there tjiem. STATE PAPERS. ■d Sands) oucefter- others to Ampthill and the g further and dan- ad vertife , that his. nd fo ad- Expedient cr to give nind and. well; the ancellor,. II K N R Y Vlll. hither the' :et and ligtvt, 77je Privy Council to the Dukt, InftruSiiom about deal^ Dcam's. i?ig with the Rebels^ and offering them Pardon, Anno AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Grace. The fame fhall herewith receive the double of a letter fent to the King's Hlghnefs from my Lord of Suffolk, upon the arrival with him of a fervantof Sir William Mufgrave's; by the contents thereof, with the credence of the faid Mufgrave's fcrvant, it appeareth, that Tyndefdale, and Riddefdale be of a good fort, and have rather done difpleafure to the rebels, than fliowed themfelves any thing toward to condefcend to their traiterous fadion. And that the parties of Cumberland and Weftmoreland be not of fo evil difpofition as hath been fuppofed. And further, the faid Mufgrave's fervant hath de- clared to the King's Hlghnefs, that the Lord Clifford, the faid Sir William Mufgrave, Aygleby and others do keep peaceably the town and caftle of * Carlifle, with the parts about the fame : and that Sir William Mufgrave has been with the Earl of Cumberland at Skipton-j-, and found him fo vidualled and furniflied in every condi- tion, that he efleemeth not much the malice of his enemies. Which things weighed and confidered, his Majefly thinketh, if you fliall for the firfl brunt fortify the paflages of Doonne with ditches, ac- cording to his device, the Yorkfliire men, and thofe that fliall take their parts, will be, within fhort fpacc, eafy enough to deal wiihal. • But foon after it was befiegcd by one -f Skiptnn was a caftle bslonginn- to the Nich. Mufgrave and 8000 men. But they F.irl, which the rebels, in Oftober, had at- were repulfed by the city. And in tlieir tempted, and he refolutcJy defended a■ l\ U V. N R Vlll. S T A T r PAPER S. Urjtc (.(HiKl, by any good means, or polfihlc dexterity, rcfcrvc a very few pcrlons topunilhincnt, you fliould allurcdly adniinlfter the greatefl: rleafure to liis Iliglincfs that could be imagined, and much in the fame advance your own honour. And amongft a few vile pcrfons, bccaufe lie is notable and moft wilful, if you could rcferve * Sir Kobert Conftable, xvc be not able to cxprefs how much the fame would tend to his Majcfly's fatisfadion. Wherein vvc ihall not need to dcl'uc your Grace to travail, knowing that you will leave no means unattcmpted, that your wifdom Ihall think may accomplifh his Hi^hncfs moft fervent defues in that behalf, only grounded upon the {ncfervation of his honour, which, without the fame, he thinketh, and fo do we alfo, fliall be much touched. VV'c fend unto your Grace alfo, certain of the -f* letters addrefleJ to the Bilhops, with, divers copies of the J articles agreed upon by the clergy : and for the more plain declaration to the people of the truth of the fame, you fliall receive one copy, whercunto the Bifliops and Clergy did at the beginning fet their hands, which we require you to rcferve for his Ilighncfs. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From Richmond the 4th of December. Your allured friends, Thomas Audeley, Chancellor. RoHERT Sussex. Thomas Ckumwell. Edward Hereford. William Poulet. John Oxynfokd. RiCHAUD CiCESTER. WlILHAM KyNOSTON, Endorfed at || Hatfield from the King's Council, Gth Dec. • He. upon the rebellion foon after break- ing out iu^iin, with the Lord Darcy, Sir Tlionias Perry, A£k, and divers others, was fent up to London by the Duke, and after- wards executed. f Thefe letters were, I fiippofe, certain injundion.s, in number eleven, fent uitder the name of L'runiuell, the King's Vice- gerent, to be obfcrved by Deans, I'arfons, Vicars, Curates, &c. which may be fecn in Lord Herbert's life of King Henry, p. 47:. I Thefe articles may be read in the fame .Author, p. 467, 468, wiiitii were figncd by CrumwcH and eighteen Biflinp^i, fortv Ab- bots and I'riors, and fifty Archdeacons and Pro^hirs of the Clergy at their convocation. Several copies of thefe articles were fent to the Duke on purpofe to be difperfed in thofe parts, for the better e.xercifc of the Ihidies and thoughts of tiie clergy, who had been the chief inlirunu'nts in thefe coninioiions. II 'I'lie Duke was now at Hatfield in his re- turn back to the North, whence he had come lately u|) to Couir, upon this occafion. He found the rebels luiniber tar to exceed the ivin^'s army, which was not above 5000. So to t'ain S. STATE PAPERS. 3S 'fcrvc a very • the grcatell nuch in the I'ilc pcrfons, rcl'crvc * Sir ch the fame lall not need ^^ill leave no y accomplifli )iniclcil upon he thinketh, ers addrefll'J eed upon by eople of the ) the Bifliops [\ we require ily fare you ired friends, 10, , forty Ab- rciiiU'acoiis ;iiu1 ir loiuiKaiiun. were font to the fpcrfcd in thofe c of the Itudies who had been romiiiotions. itfu'ld ill Iii.s rf- icc lie h.id come s occafion. lie r to exceed the (JVC 5000. Soto i';iin The Privy Council to the Duh, A FTER our right hearty commendation to your good I.ord- fhip. This morning arrived here your letters unto us on Candlemas day, with the copies fent with the fame ; containing as well your advice and proceeding touching the flay of the retainder of certain perfons, whofe names you have font in one of the faid copies, as the flate of the country there, witli ccitain other things therein contained, which we have fliowed unto the King's Highncfs. And albeit his Majefty feemed to approve the plain declaration of your mind in that behalf; yet in the reading of that part of the letter, he faid, he fomewhat marvelled, that you fliould he more earneft in the diffiiafion of the rctaiiuler of them that have been but murderers and thieves (if they have fo been), than you were that hia Grace fliould not retain thofe that have been rebels and traitors. Thcfe men have rather done good than liurti in this troublous time, tho' they did it not with a good mind and intent, but for their own lucre. Wluit the other did, no man can better tell than you. If thcfc men may be made good men, with this advancement, liis Mi^hncfs may think his money well employed. If they will nevcrthclcrs con- tinue evil, all the world fhall tliink them the moie wortliy punifliment, for that they have fo little rop;nrdcd the great clemency and goodnefs of his IMajcfly, calling them from their evil doings to honeft preferment, to the intent they fliould the gain time till more forces came in, be put the up to forward their pciiiion ; and that bronchi rebels upon petitioning; which advice they him into thcfe parts. Hut he foon leiiii n -d took, and fent up a petition by two gentle- .njjain to his ch:nge, and was now j,oitcn as men that they had compelled to yield to liirni. far as ll.ithcld. And the Duke promifed to accompany tlieni F rather H F, N R Y VI 11. February 4. . I I 11 ! fl ;± i,.i* 34 STATE PAPERS. "vm'^^ rather leave and forfake the fame. And his Grace may all times punifh them according to their demerits, when he fhall think meet, if they fhall eftfoons offend. And yet his patents of their annuities he no pardons, nor they by the fame changed into another ftate than they were before. And therefore his Majefty's pleafure was, we Ihould not only fignify unto you, that he would have his determinations accomplifhed in that behalf, but alfo* that with all poffible fpeed after the receit hereof, you Ihall write to Sir Anthony Browne to proceed therein without ftay, accord- ing to his former commifllon, any thing by you written to the contrary notwithflanding ; as by the copy of the letters fent to the faid Sir Anthony, which you fhall receive herewith, you fhall perceive. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From G/eenwich, the 4th of February. Thomas Audeley, Chancellor. Robert Sussex. Richard Cicester. Charles Suffolk. Thomas Crumwell. Edward Hereford. William Fitz-Williams* William Poulet. J. RUSSEL, 1 1 ' all times lall think s of their nged into i Majefty's he would but alfo, hall write Y» accord- ten to the rs fent to with, you :11. From Chancellor*. STATE PAPERS* .IAMS« 35 HENRV VIII. 7%e Privy Council to the Duke. AFTER our right hearty commendations to your good Lordlhip, thefe fhall be to advertife the fame, that by this bearer you fhall receive the King's Highnefs's letters, which his Grace doubteth not but you will put in execution with fuch dexterity as the fame may be a fpe£lacle of the end of fuch abominable treafons; and a mean to reduce that country to a perfe£t quietnefs. You fhall alfo underftand that fince your departure, the King's Majefty hath received fundry letters from my Lord of Winchefter and Mafter Wallop, declaring as well a general communication had between the French King and them, of the matter of my Lady * Mary, which yet remaineth in the fame terms you left it, as an heap of lies which have been fpread abroad there, touching our ftate, and the late bufinefs here. Where- unto, when anfwer was made, the AmbalTador of France here rc- fidenr, made requefl for accefs to the King's prcfence, and obtain- ing the fame, on the French King's behalf, required his Grace's favourable licence for the young f Queen of Scots' pafTiigc tlirough his realm into Scotland ; prefenting therewith a letter from the Great % Mafter, importing that the King of Scots would be content to do the fame. The ftrangenefs of the demand whereof, being lb 1536-7. February 4. • A piopofal was made by Pomcray, the French King's ambaflUdor, ("or a match be- tween the French King's fon, the Duke of Orleans and the Lady Mary the King's daughter. But that Ambaflador did little in the aftair. Yet it (ccms Winciieltcr and Wallop, the Kine's Ambafl'adors with the French King, had coinmunicated with him concerning it. f King Francis 0^ France had lately hi- (lowed his dai:gh'cr Magdalen upon the i'cot^ King, whicii King Henry took very ill; bs- caule he law heub/ that Kmcf dcfigncd a more drift iVicndiliip with tiie Scots, whic ii tlie Englifh King was very je.'lcub of, aiul tlioreforc made a boggle of letting her p;;A liu-ou;',h his kingdom. I Duke Montmorency. 2 divided 1 i i ! •! 1 J . >:i\ 1 1 1 •«l ■1 1 ;l .,.,, I'M' S6 STATE PAPERS. HENRY divided into parts, and commenced in the name of the French King and the Great Mafter, and nothing at all at the interceflion, or in the name of the King of Scots, moved the King's Majefty to ftay in his anfvver. And we upon confultation thereupon had, as yet think it in no wife to be granted, for many great refpedts, befides the manner of 'equeft *. Neverthelefs, as we fhall therein conclude, we ihall from time to time, of that, and fuch other occurrents as be here, advertife you. Requiring you by your next letters to fignify your opinion and gcod advice unto us, touching this matter, with fuch reafons as, on either part, Ihall move you in the fame. And thus raoll heartily fare you well. From Greenwich, the 4th of lebruary. Your afTured Friends, Charles SuFfOLK. He. Exeter. Richard Cicester. RoDERT Sussex. William Fitz-Williams, Thomas Crumwell. Edward Hereford. William PouiyET. Endorfed, Rec. Feb. 9. Ebor. a Regis ConftHo. * I believe this rcqueft was denied. For Queen came together by fea to EJinburgfv I lind the King of Scots and his new-married about Whitfuntide. w STATE PAPERS, 37 inch King Ion, or in to ftay in yet think >efides the iclude, we ents as be to fignify itter, with me. And the 4th of LLIAMS. L. to Edinburgh I ;S> Tie Privy Council to the Duke of Norfolk, FTER our hearty commendations to your Lordfhip. Whereas the King's Majefty, having eftablifhed an order upon his Grace's caft and middle marches, as by the device thereof, which we fent unto you, the fame hath perceived, doth intend to frame a like order for his weft marches. Albeit, there hath been a femblable device made for fuch officers and penfioners as fhall be retained upon the fame, the copy whereof we fend unto you herewith ; yet know- ing as well your great experience in thofe parts, as confidering that it fliall be meet your Lordfhip (hould have the direftion of it, we have fufpended the giving of our fentences to the device, which, as is aforefaid, you fliall receive thereof, with thefe our letters, till we fhnll from you hear again, how you like the fame. Requiring you therefore to weigh and confider it with your accuftomed wifdom, and to fignify your opinion therein unto us, with as much fpeed as you may conveniently; to the intent the King's Highnefs may thereupon finifh his purpofe therein, as fliall appertain, and be moft for his Grace's honour and furety And furely we be all as glad of your profperous proceedings in the reducing of that country to good quiet and obedience, and that it hath pleafed God to preferve you in health to the fame, notwithflanding the fear you were in of ficknefs, as any man may be, or as your own noble heart could defire. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From Weftminfter this 25th of February. Your Lordftiip's aflured Friends, Thomas Crumwell, Sec. *,j* We require your Lordfliip to keep this matter to yourfclf. Endorfed, Ncivcajllc, ultimo Feb. a Re^ia Condlio. With tiie device for the Weft Marches made by the King's Highnels. HENRY vm. ^ - . * 1 5 36-7- February 25. ■f II ■i 38 ''m March 5. STATE PAPERS. HENRY vm. The Privy Council to the Duke, AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Lordfhip. Thefe (hall be to advertife the fame, that forafmuch as the King's Majefty hath lately addrefled his letters to Sir Robert Con- ftable for his repair unto his prefence, the bearer whereof found him removed to which is thirty miles from the place where he commonly lieth ; and that) upon the delivery of the faid letters^ he neither ufed any reverend behaviour, nor made any fuch convenable .anfwer for his acccfs, as might have any thing tended to his Grace's fatisfadlion : his Majefty, confidering that the faid Sir Robert Con- flable could, either for his commodity, or for his further intent and purpofe, remove to a place fo far diftant from his habitation and common dwelling-place, ftanding the fame alfo upon thefea-fide: and on the other fide, that he could, neither in refpedof his duty towards his Highnefs, nor in refped of his late offences, make any feemly anfwer, or of that behaviour in the receit of the faid let- ters, and that appertained, and conceiving fome marvel thereof; hath commanded us to fignify unto you, that his pleafure is, you ihall not only have a fpecial eye upon him, but alfo that you fhall of yourfdf advife him in fuch wife as you fliall think moft conve- ;nient, with acceleration to make his repair hither. Which, by all .likelihood, he may cafily do, in accomplifhmeut of his duty, which for his pleafure could remove thirty miles. And if he fhall not thereupon addrefs himfelf hitherwards with diligence, then his Grace's pleafure is, you fliall caufe him to be fent up with a ferjeant at arms, and with further allurance, if you fliall fo think meet. Aiid alfo his Higliiiefs would, that you fliall fecrctly make Sir Ralph Merker the younger, and Sir Ralph Evers, privy to this matter, com- 6 ^ STATE PAPERS. 59 r Lordfhip. luch as the ilobert Con- f found him ce where he i letters, he I convenable ) his Grace's Robert Con- r intent and bitation and the fea-fide : of his duty 3, make any he faid let- rcl thereof; lire is, you at you fhall moft conve- licb, by all uty, which ae fhall not then his th a ferjeant meet. And ; Sir Ralph this matter, corn- commanding them to take fuch order in the ports of Hull and Scar- ^ yjjj^^ borough, and the creeks thereunto belonging, that in cafe he would, (leal into any outward parts, he may be apprehended, and fo con- veyed up unto his Grace in convenient furety, with all diligence. Finally you fhall underftand, that his Majefly taketh all your pro- ceedings there in good part, and doth in every condition as thank- fully accept the fame, as your own heart could defire. Which wc aflirm unto you upon our honeflies, becaufe you fhall not doubt in the fame. And fo moft heartily fare you well. From Weftminftcr the 3d of March. Your Lordfhip's loving Friends-, Thomas Crumwell, &c. Endorfed, Ueivcq/iki 6th March. A Regio ConfiHa, The Privy Council to. the Duke of Norfolk* AFTER our hearty commendations to your good Lordfhip. We have received your letters of the 7th of this month. And forafmuch as the King's Majefty hath made anfwer to the greater part of the principal points contained in the fame, we fliall not trouble your Lordfliip with the repetition thereof; only we fhall, at fome length, fignify our minds frankly unto you, touching the mat- ter of the diredion of the Borders : wherein you have written your opinion upon our letters, for that purpofe before addrefTed to you. You write, that you, and other the wife men of thofe parts, think, that fuch a multitude of wild folks as be upon thofe borders, fhall not be contained in fuch order as were to be wifhed, by fo mean, men as (hould have the diredion of the fame. But that for that lefpedi 7556-7, March iz> t !!ll % 40 STATE PAPERS. ';t!iii| HENRY refpe(£t, It iliould be meet fome man of great nobility fliould have the rule thereof. * " Firft, my Lord, we have learned by experience, that when the Earl of Northumberland was for fundry refpefts removed from the office of the Wardenry of the Eaft and Middle Marches, being the fame offered in manner to two Noblemen that were thought meet to receive it, they did both, a8 they might, refufe it. So that for thofe parts, the King's M.ijefly was enforced, in a manner, to take fuch to ferve him therein, as he might, when thofe to whom he minded it, were not willing to receive it. And thereupon a device was made, which you feemed much to approve, laving for a few per- fons whofe offences and converfation was fuch, as you thought them not meet in any wife to be adviinced. Second, We have by expe- rience feen, that the King hath been much the worfe ferved upon the Weft Marches, by the reafon of controverfy and variance depend- ing between the great men, that lie upon the fame. And if the King's Majefty ftiould remove the Earl of Cumberland, and cftfoons prefer into the room of his Warden there, the Lord Dacres, we fee not but the pique between them fhould be rather augmented than taken away. Again, if it fhall pleafe his Majefty to appoint the meaneft man that for fuch a purpofe could be thought on, to rule and govern in that place, is not his Grace's authority fufficient to caufe all men to ferve his Grace under him, without refpcft of the mere eftate of the perfonage not having that authority? i , f • /- We defire to know the names, with the reafcns of thofe wife men that think his Grace (hall not be ferved there with fuch men, what- foever they be, as he fliall appoint to have authority under him. How his Highnefs hath been ferved with thofe fuch as have had that room, what by want of good qualities meet to fupply the places that fome of them were in, and what by reafon of their difcords, we all know. And to be fliort with your Lordlhip, we think, that his Majefty, retaining all the Gentlemen and head-men, as he do7' ,' Z' /.- /.j. • ThomAS CruMWELL, &Ci Endprfed, Holdeitt 20th March. A ConftUo Regis, (I i I ; |. ;/ ! I i> '.... i /ill . . Ill 'I / <■> 4 1 The Privy Council to the Duke, AFTER our right hearty commendations to your Lordfhip. Forafmuch as not only upon the matter of William Levenyngs, being with the Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conflable, and Robert Afk, after hia attemptate in the new rebellion, which you fignified to me the Lord Crumwell, Privy Seal ; but alfo upon the examination and knowledge of fundry other great matters revealed againft them, the fame Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conftable, and Robert Afk, be this day by the King's Highnefs's commandment, committed to the Tower of London, there to abide till they may be juftificd according to the law; his Highnefs's pleafure was, we ftiould thereof advcr- tife your Lordfhip, to the intent you may divulge the caufe of their captivity to the people of thofe parts, that they may the rather per- ceive their miferable fortunes, that being once fo gracioufly par- doned, would eftfoons combine themfelves for the attempting of new treafons, to the great peril of his Grace's pcrfon, and the danger of his whole realm: which thing his Grace doth alfo dclire your Lordftiip to caufe to be publifhed by others, in all parts there, with fuch dexterity, as his fubjeds, perceiving the truth thereof, conceive O 3 not Ai'iii -/. r I ■tm ■r::.H I 44 STATE PAPERS. VIII H vm^ ^ "°'» '^*^ ^"y thing is done for their former offences, done before the- pardon* which his Grace will in no wife remember or i'pcak of; but for thofe treafont which they h&ve committed again fince, in fuch dctcAable forti as no good fubjeft would not wiih their puniHiment for the fame. And whereas your Lordlhip hath eftoons written to the King's Majefty for your repair hither, we do all require you to think, that in cafe his Highnefs will not grant it, the fame is not delayed upon any cki ly of his favour unto you, or for want of good will in any of ub u) have had you fatisfied therein ; but upon the neceflity of his Grace's laft letters unto you fpccificd, and for fundry other refpeds and caufes, the particularities whereof you diall perceive by his Grace's next letters to be addreffed unto you. Wherewithal we truft you will repofe yourfelf in that behalf. And finally you (hall utiderftand, that I, the Lord Privy Seal, have fued out your pardon for fuch money as you have defrayed in the wars, and fhall likewife fue out your broad feal thereof, with diligence. Moreover your Lordfhip (hall underftand, that whereas you wrote lately of one Rochefter, a monk, who by his letters inclofed in a letter of yours, diredled to me, declareth himifelf to be a rank, uaitor, the King's Highnefs's pleafure is, you (hall fend for him to feme fuch place as you (hall think meet, and in cafe he will abide by hia- oplnion, to caufe him to be juftified there, and executed according to the laws. And as concerning Sir Stephen Hamerton and Nicholas Tempeft*, whom you write will be ready to come up, upon privy feals to be fent for them ; his Grace is content that you (hall command them to come up at liberty, if you (hall think they will fo do, without fuch fear as (liould caufe them to ftart. But if you (hall have any doubt in them, his Grace requireth you to fend them up, according Who were both after found guilty of treafon, and executed. to STATE PAPERS. 45 ic before the- )eak of; but ice, in fuch puninimcnC D the K.ing*a ) think, that lelayed upon 1 will in any ceflity of his ther refpeds :eive by hia rewithal we Privy Seal, ; defrayed in hereof, with as you wrote nclofed in a rank- tiaitor, him to feme abide by Iiiar ed according i to the tenor of the former letters, written for that purpofe. And ^'^^yw,^^ albeit we doubt not, but your Lordfhip doth think, that we be not «..— ^r— i^. fo light to fend for any men in fuch fort, as was lately written for Gregory Conyers *, unlefa there were pregnant matter dctc*f\cd againft them; yet the King's Highncfs, at the contemplation of your letters, is content that you fhall fufFer the faid Conyers to conic up at his liberty, if you think he will fo do, or elfe that you fliall fend him up, as was before prefcribed. And to conclude, his Grace doubteth not, but your Lordftiip will caufe this matter of the apprc- hendon of the Lord Darcy, Sir Robert Conftable, and Afk, to be fet forth in fuch a general fort, upon their treafons committed fince the pardon, as there be no fpecialty touched or fpoken of, till they may be fo conveyed in a mafs together, as all men may perceive the fpc- cialties and effcds of the fame. And thus moft heartily fare you^ veil. From Chrift Clmrch f in London, the 7th of April. Your Lordfliip's aflured, &c. Endorfed, Dunjiiie, 10 yl^nlis, A ConfiUo Rc^io* * Who I believe was cloared. now fat, and from him to the Duke of Nor- t A monaltery within Aldgate, that upon folk, who had married Andcley's daiiglucr ,tlK diflblution, came to AuJeley the Lord and htirefs, and fo wa« afterwards callwl Chaacellor, where he and the Privy Ctuncil Duke's I'lacc. • " - ■ • • i - i 5i 16 Temped *, /y feals to be nmand them do, without lall have any p, according >f to 4? STATE PAPERS, -■ii'm i H F- N R Y VIII. April 8. .l(v; •. 11 "H 77je Privy Council to the Duke* '•i AFTER our right hearty commendations to your good Lordrtilp. By this bearer your fervant, die fame fhall receive the Kiug's Highnefs's letters, containing his Grace's refolution upon your fuif, for accefs unto his prefence, (which we doubt not but your wifdom will take in good part : conforming yourfelf to that thing that may be moft to his contentation, and to the advancement of his affairs) wi'.h certain other things in the fame letters contained, which we be afliired you will fee accompliflied, as fhall appertain. And foraf- much as we did lately write unto you, the King's Highnefs's refo- lution touching the borders, with fuch caufes as his Grace did allcdge for the fame ; and that we have received no anfwer thereunto, bis Highnefs defiring to hear your farther opinion in that matter, which he doubted not, but you have ere this time well digefted, and thoroughly debated, hath commanded us by thefe letters, to require your anfwer in that behalf, which we defire you we may receive by the next meflenger. And whereas your Lorddiip doth write, that in cafe the confcience of fuch perfons, as did acquit Levyning, fhould be examined, the fear thereof might trouble others in the like cafe; the King's Ma- jefty confidering his treafon to be moft manifeft, apparent a-nd con- fefled, and that all offenders in that cafe be principals, and none acceffaries, doth think it very neceffary, that the means ufed in that matter may be blotted out> as a thing which may reveal many other matters worthy his Highnefs's knowledge : and doth therefore defire you not only to fignify their names, as was before written unto you, but alfo to travail all that you can, to beat out the myftery thereof. Wherein we fuppofe alfo, you ftiall do unto his Majefty, high and acceptable fervice. And becaufe you write, that the conveyance up of f?(Wf STATE PAPERS. 47 ■\ > • • • .1* Lordfliip. ")i he King's ^ your (uir, j| ir wifdona at may be is affairs) h ich we be \nd foraf- efs's refo- id al ledge , Eunto, bis er, which ^i ;fted, and ]^ to require f receive by confcience , la lined, the H ing's Ma- '^; and con- ^ and none ^ ed in that t^B any other ^^B x>re defire ^^m unto you, ^l^B y thereof. ^H high and ^B L'yance up ^H ■H of all the prifoners that be written for, fhould require a great num- jjen j^y ber of perfons for the furety of the fame, which fhould fomewhat v^^^- disfurnifli you, his Grace is content you fhall caufe as many of them to come up at their liberty, by your command, as you think will obferve the fame : which fliall alfo alleviate the charges his Highnefs Ihould be at in that journey. And thus moft heartily fare you well. From the Rolls *, the 8th of April. • • ^ , , Your Lordfliip's afTured Friends.. • ' Endorfed, DurefmCi ii yfprilis. - ,i > .; '•I.I. * Here the Council fometimei met at the Lord CrumwcU't lodgings, who was Maftcr.or the Rolls, ' ' ' 'I f* ■•''■: u )/, -,1. ,t i ' . t ■••',• M' i. .. • h, A I I ' I ' |. , ; I! i. 48 STATE PAPERS. EDWARD VI. fr ti No. IV. [The two following letters from Roger Afcham, and Sir Richard Moryfon, containing fome minute particularities of the Emperor Charles V. are thought worthy to be publifhed. Sir Richard Moryfon was a good fcholar, and we are told, read over Hero- dotus and Demoflhenes in his journey with his Secretary, Roger Afcham, the famous Grammarian, and one of the Revivers of Polite Literature in England.] Roger Afcham 5 commtmcation with Monf. D'ArraSy at Landau^ OB, i, 1552. To Sir Richard Moryfon, **! ... 4 i AFTER your hearty commendations done, according to your inftruftions, I dcfired his Lordfliip in your name, to take in good part, this my coming to the Court, trufling, that he would confider, that the defire of doing your duty to the King's Majefty, did move you to fend me to him at this time. For now, when you had learned, that the Ambaffador of Portugal was in the Court, and that you were fent from a greater Prince than he was, you trufted his wifdom would confider, that you could not make a good reckon- ing at home, of your duty abroad, except you might be both in the Court and in the Camp as well as he. Therefore your fuit was, that you might alfo forthwith come thither ; for his Lordfliip might be well afliired, that he of Portugal, nor the King his maftcr, could be more glad the one to write, and the other hear, of the Emperor's mofl: profperous fuccefs, in all this journey, than you were, both prcfently here, 'i STATE PAPERS. 49 51r Richard le Emperor >ir Richard over Hero- Liry, Roger Revivers of Arrasy at loryfon, ling to your ne, to take at he would g's Majefty, , when you Court, and you trufted :ood reckon - both in the lit was, that light be well »uld be more pcror's moft th prcfently here, here, and alfo to write it diligently home; nor no Prince nor country Edward more in daily expeflation of the Emperor's Majefty's lucky proceed- ings, than is the King's Highnefs our Matter, and all his whole realm of England ; and here I paufed. Monf. D'Arras*s anfwer was, — As concerning the Ambaflador of Lufitania (for fo he named him always) I pray you defire your Mafter not to think much, that the Emperor at this time hath given order to the Ambaflador, and to Secretary Grofs, to intreat for ihe convey of his daughter to her hufband, the K: .g of Lufitane's fon, which is the only caufe of the abode of that Ambaflador in this Court. And folikewife, if your Ambaflador had any matter of intreaty betwixt the two Princes, he may come or fend at his pleafurc. Likewife I truft he will confider, that it fliandeth the Emperor much in hand to be well aflTured that under the pretence of the Am- baflador 's retinues, the enemies have not too open means to look into his Majefty's matters and doings. Therefore, except feme fpe- cial matter of the Emperor and the Princes whom they ferve, do require otherwife, all Ambafladors muft be content that his Majefly, for his own private affairs, do, as his wifdom fhall lead him thereunto. And concerning the King your Matter's glad expedation for the profperous fuccefs, his Majefty thereof is mott aflured. And here the Bifliop with a friendly countenance faid unto me, yc know thcfe matters do belong not a little to the King your mafter, for ye are not ignorant how this year the Frenchmen have robbed England above 150,000!.; and befide all old fpltcs of France done unto En"-- land, wc truft the King's Majefty, his honou able Council, and realm, cannot forget how unjuftly not long fince the French King hath dealt with him, in his younger years, even when he was troubled with ftirs at home, ncc id ratione jiijl'i bclli^ fed pot his injujli iatrochiii, ut alias confuevit facere, (theic were his words') as the Emperor's Majefty was always England's Friend, as lils anceftois have been, and will continue unto his life's end. His words were ^* carneftly * f IN 1:|fi ''f ■'.y,i 50 STATE PAPERS. i f m j, ^ ill EDWARD earneftly fpoke in thefe matters, which being too deep for me t» wade in, I thought not good to enter into them ; but thus much I thought it meet to fay, that I knew the King's wifdom and his Council, did fo weigh, he his honour, and they the fafety of his perfon and wealth of his realms, as neither wrong would be borne, nor benefits be forgotten, which were done to his Grace and his realm, and fo turned to my errand again and faid, Seeing the Emperor's Majefty will not have the Ambaffadors wit'^ their retinue in his camp, yet becaufe my Mafter knowcth, that certain agents be fuffered to tarry in the Court, at leaft it might pleafe your Lordfhip, that John Bernardin the King's Majefty 's fer- vant, may attend likewife there, who might without fail there fpeedily write home, his Majefty's good proceeding in thi» journey. His anfwer was. Indeed certain agents belonging to cities and Princes under his Majefty, as from F. Gonzaga Pietro di Toledo, Piacenza, &c. remain in this Court to ferve the Emperor's own pur- pofes for thefe places, but all other muft be content to follow his order ; for aflure yourfelf, no agent, fecretary, or man of any Am- baflador fhall be fuffered to write or tell out, what is done here, but if they be taken, they muft fuffer fuch order as is appointed by the Emperor's Majefty. And lohn Bernardin lefs than any other. For when I was on the other fide of the Roan, Bernardin came unto me, as he faid, to take his leave of me, for on the next morrow he would take his journey into England, faying he could not agree with my Lord Ambaffador, purpofing, belike, hoc fermone nw capere^ which thing I was not content to hear, but fo difmifled him. And furely if he come any more to this C'ourt, jiiheho ilium apprehendi ct com- prehendi vincuiu^ and I pray you tell him fo for me, if it be your chance to fee him hereafter. And I pray you commend me heartily to my Lord Ambaffador, and tell him, he fliall, of all AmbaffaJors, be the firft certified of our affairs, and in his private matters he J muft for me to us much I n and his ety of his would be Grace and nbafllidors knovvcth, \ it might jefty's fer- hout fail ig in this cities and i Toledo, own pur- follow his any Am- here, but ed by the her. For unto me, he would with my •"f, which lud furely fi ct com- t be your e heartily bafliidors, latters he muil ^i ■i^r STATE PAPERS. 51 H mud be content to fend neither you, nor no other of his men, but EDWARD write by fome belonging to this Court, and I will friendly and fpeedily difpatch his requefts. And thus I, having fpeedy accefs at my coming, and gently difmifled at my parting, came my way. R. A. Sir Richard Moryfon to the Lords of the Council, "PLEASE it your good Lordfliips. The King's Majefty's inftruc- tions, with letters from your honours, bearing date the 24th of September, I received at Spires, the 4th of this month ; which as foon as I had well perufed, and learned the King's Highnefs's plea- fure, then I forthwith made towards the Court, where I found fuch favour, as I had accefs to his Majefty, almoft as foon as I came ; for I fent my Secretary from me, which had ridden half the way, to fhow Monf. D' Arras * that I was coming to the Court, with letters from the King my Mafter to the Emperor, and fomewhat I had alfo to fay by word of mouth from his Highnefs unto his Majefty, truft- ing that forafmuch as Ambafladors might not long bide nigh the camp he would help fhortly that I might have audience. And becaufe fuch good will as D'Arras (bowed at this my coming, may give your honours the better to judge of the Emperor's gladnefs from mine arrival, I will orderly touch what he did. At my Secretary's com- ing, D'Arras was with the Emperor, and fo finding Mr. Adrian of the Emperor's chamber, Afcham made him the means that D'Arras came to him ftrait, who learning the caufe of his coming, went in, and told the Emperor the matter, and forthwith bad Afcham go home with him, for I {hould ftraitway be provided of a lodging. By chance I went into the town, when D'Arras was going home to his houfe, who very gently willed me to go home with him, for I Ihould fliift me in his lodging, and do what • Bifhop of Arras, afterwards Cardinal Granville. li 2 \ would Oftobcr : f I i^ i » : ,1! '■I . I mw .m 5* STATE PAPERS. EDWARD I would, till the Emperor had word, that I was now come, or till the Fourriers had provided mc a houfc of mine own ; and fbrtiiwith he fent for Anwerpe the harbinger, to whom he gave commandment in the Emperor's name, that he fliould fee me well lodged. I faid, to be lodged was enough for a night or two; well lodged was not to be fought for, of fiich as would follow camps. I rode a good way in the town at his right hand, he ufiiig me vvith great humanity, and being come to his houfe, he brought me into his bed-chamber, to the which he willed me in any wife to fend for my mail, and fo to (hift me there. While it was coming, he afked me, what news ? I told him, I had brought with me none but good, and, as I thought, would much content the Emperor's Majcfly. He afkcd me, how the King's Highncfs did ; and after I had faid what I thought, both of his Majefty's health, increafe of ftrcngth, virtues, &c. he alked me, how we did with France, whether tlic French made reflitution of fuch goods, as they had violently taken from us, or not. I faid, I could not tell, but I heard, that there was good and large promifes that all fhould be reftored, and the injury might be thought the lefs, that in time of war, and in time of peace, pirates and fuch robbers and freebooters ail without laws. He replied, faying, they were a Ihrewd fort of pirates that had taken aoo,oool. from our merchants. Whereunto I anfwered, it were too much, if it were a good deal fhort of that fum, and yet I heard the French King had promifed reftitution of all that could be juftly demanded ; and with this my mail came, and the Bifhop faid, he would let me alone till I had changed my apparel. While my men brought me fuch things as I did mind to wear, his fervap.ts did fetch me a brufh, water for my hands, and after this, they caft a couple of napkins upon the table, and brought in a pafty of red deer, and faid, there was a couple of partridges at the fire, and would ftraitway be ready. I told them, I had dined at Spires, and yet the Bifliop, now knowing that my men had done with me, came again, and willed mc to tafte of the 4 venifon, ijil STATE PAPERS. 53 VI. veniron, that I might tafte of his wine. I faw a difli of olives, and EDWARD fo did cat one of them, and brought him good luck in a cup of wine, which he would needs I fhould tafte. His kindnefs was very great, in comparilbn of any that ever I received in this Court, and I thought my good lucks came together, for Bernardine was gone that morning towards England, as he told divers, and I was thus cockered of the Bifliop at afternoon, which both were fuch news to me, and fo welcome, that I wift not whether I was gladder, that Bernardine was gone from this Court, or of this my rare entertainment with D*Arra8 ; but I muft go on in order with my matter. I, for that I had more lift to talk than to eat, would no venifon, and therefore the pafty was carried to my men, and they much made of. He and I fell to talking again, he groping to know mine errand, and I keep- ing it for the Emperor. He alked me, whether the ports were fimt in England, as he had word from Flanders, or no ? I faid, I neither knew of any caufe why they fhould be kept, or heard of any keeping of them, more than that he had faid. And whilft we thus talked, his Chamberlain came from the Court, and told him, that the Em- peror did now look for me. D'Anas feeing my horfe without a foot-cloth, did offer me his mule. But I gave him thanks, and, faving your honours, in bufkings and fpurs, and other fliort ap- parel, made my horfe ferve me well enough. And in going I faid, I knew well mine errand would now not be long hid from him. He brought me forth of his houfe, and tarried abroad, till I was on horfeback, then alfo courteoufly with his cap in hand, taking leave of me ; and thus being come to the Court, I found Adrian of the chamber waiting for me, who was fo ready to bring me in to the Emperor, that I was fain to intreat him, to give me leave to breathe me a little, for that I had come apace up a long pair of (lairs. Upon this fhort paufe, I followed Adrian, and found the Emperor at a bare table without a carpet, or any thing elfe upon it, favin"- his clock, his brufii, his fpeftacles, and his picktooth. At my coming in. 54 STATE PAPERS. EDWARD VI. 'm *<; in, I offered to ftand upon that fide of his Majefty, which was next to the door, but it being on his left hand, he willed me to go almoft round about the table, that I might ftand on his right fide, perhaps for that he heareth better on the one fide than on the other ; but as I took it, he did it to honour the King my mafter. Here, after the delivery of the King's Highnefs's letters, which his Majefty received very gently, putting his hand to his bonnet, and uncovering the better part of his head, I did efforce myfelf with as good a coun- tenance as I could, and with as good words as my wit would ferve me to devife, in the riding almoft of twenty Englifh miles, to fhow the gladnefs of the King my Mafter, for that his Majefty, in fo long and painful a journey, either had his health continually, or was by being fometime indifpofed, foon brought to perfefter health. I did fay befides much more, there could be few that did more rejoice at his Majefty's fo honourable and fortunate approaching towards the Low Countries, than did the King my Mafter, who did repute all his Majefty's good fucceftes, to be as his own, and as glad as of any that could happen to himfelf ; befeeching his Majefty to believe me in this, I added nothing of mine own, but faithfully did fay in Italian, that the King's Majefty had, word for word, appointed me in Englifti, and faid the King's Majefty even in thefe years, did con- tend with his noble father either in loving the Low Countries of Flanders, or in defire to fliow pleafure to his Majefty, Lord of them. He did not fulfer me to go on, but with the leaft paufe that I could make, he d^C utter unto me in gentle words, that he took the King his good bi other's letters in very thankful part, and took his fa- lutations, anc' fending of me to him with fuch a friendly meftage, as they did right well deferve, faying, as well as he could (for he was newly rid of his gout and fever, and therefore his nether lip was in two places broken out, and he forced to keep a green leaf within his mouth, at his tongue's end, a remedy as I took it, againft fuch his drynefs, as in his talk did increafe upon him), faying therefore as STATE PAPERS. SS hich was next e to go alnioft fide, perhaps other ; but as lere, after the ajefty received incovering the good a coun- it would ferve miles, to fhow ifty, in fo long illy, or was by health. I did d more rejoice ng towards the did repute all glad as of any f to believe me illy did fay in ppointed me in ears, did con- N Countries of Lord of them. Life that I could took the King id took his fa- idly meflage, as uld (for he was nether lip was reen leaf within it, againil fuch aying therefore a$ as well as he could, he neither had nor could forget the King's tlDWARD ■■A Majefty's Father's love, at fundry times flicwn unro him, nor deceive that truft, which at his death he did put him in, recommending unto his truft, the King his fon. He would not forget the amity, that fo many years had lafted between the realm of England and the houfe of Burgundy ; he truded the King his good brother had in thefe his young years, found friendfhip and no hurt at his hand, and that he had feen a defirc in him perpetually to prcfcrve this an- tieni amity, ufing this fentence, that old amities which had been long tried, and found good, are to be made much of; and this he fpakc a little louder than he did the reft, as though he would, indeed, have me think that he did earneftly mean, that he faid. And yet hath he a face, that is as unwont to difclofe any hid affection of his heart, as any face that ever I met withal in my life ; for there all white colours, which, in changing themfelves, are wont in others to bring a man certain word, how his errand is liked or mifliked, have no place in his countenance ; his eyes only do bewray as much as can be picked out of him. He maketh me oft think of Solomon's faying. Heaven is high, the earth is deep, a King's heart is unfearchable ; there is in him almoft nothing that fpeaketh, bcfides his tongue, and that at this time, by reafon of his leaf, and forenefs of his lip, and his accuftomed foftnefs in fpeaking, did but fo fo utter things to be well underftood, without great care to be given to his words ; and yet he did fo ufe his eyes, fo move his head, and order his countenance, as I might well perceive, his great defire was, that I fiiould think all a good deal better meant, than he could fpcak it ; and as I dare in fo weighty a matter, I do furely think, he meant the moft of what he faid. Sure I am, he is too wife not to wiOi the King's Majefiy to be fully his. When he did paufe, and that I had licence to fpeak again, I en*- tered into the Turk's matter, faying as much therein, as might both fhow, in what peril Chriftendom is and what praife the King's Ma- jefty's good nature did worthily dcferve, which being fartheft off of all. «i 56 STATE PAPERS. m 'I : ■-..ill EDWARD all CluiAian Princes from the danger, is the firft and readied of them all, to think upon the remedy. And in this his Majefty's great zeal did appear, that he offered his aid, only for pity borne to the mi- fcrable ftatc of Chriftendom ; not defired to it, but moved rather by the harm like to light upon his friends, than upon himfelf, although by courfe of nature his Majefty was like enough to live while part of the mifery might be felt even in England, if the Turk fliould do his will in Hungary, and in thefe coalls of Germany, which two years together he had very cruelly aflaulted ; making the King*s ofi'cr, I did fay, when his Majefty (hould fee it expedient, he was fully bent to accord with him and other Chriftian Princes and Eftates for the abafing of fuch a cruel and common enemy, not only to the Chrillians, but to Chrift himfelf. And here he faid, my good bro- ther meaneth this his aid, only againft our enemy the Turk. I faw he liked this offer as it were well enough, but he made not much of it, thinking in very deed, as I might perceive, to have heard fomewhat of joining of forces againft another enemy of his, to whom he bearcth as little good-will as he can do to the Turk, as at whofc hands he hath received more difpleafures, than at the Turk's. And here, he having fo good an occafion to have faid fomewhat of the French King, whether it was for that he fpake with fome pain, or whether he would that I fliould fpeak firft againft him, did not fo much as once name him ; howbeit, I do guefs, he looked for fomc dircd anfvvcr of the fuit which the Regent* made to the King's Majefty, as concerning the aid for Luxemburgh, wherein I would have made a foul error, if, the Emperor faying nothing, I would have fought redrefs thereof. For how could I have found his grief but I muft have granted there was juftcaufe of his grief? and there- fore he hiding the fore, it was not my part to complain. And for this caufc, the more he fccmed indifferent to prefs mc, the more lay 1 in wait not to pafs my commifTion, being content to reftrain my talk. The Regent of the Netherlands, the Emperor's fifter. and STATE PAPERS. 57 ladiefl: of tliem fty's great zeal me to the rai- jved rather by nfelf, although live while part s Turk (hould tiy, which two ng the King's ;dient, he was :cs and Eflates lot only to the my good bro- Turk. I faw lade not much to have heard f his, to whom k, as at whofc Turk's. And mewhat of the bme pain, or m, did not fo lokcd for fomc to the King's lerein I would ling, I would Jund his grief f ? and there- tin. And for the more lay ftrain my talk, and and to think hf meant to anfwer me by D'Arras, ufing in very deed EDWARD feldom to determine his pleafure out of hand, where D'Arras hath '-■ » •* brought the matter to him before. And yet I faid fo much to him herein, that hi« Majefty faid, he did very much rejoice to hear the zeal in fo young a King to find fo good a will, fo great a defire, to mean good to fo many, and prayed me to give to hie good brother from him, his hearty thanks, for this his good and princely offer. And when I had promifed his Majefty to do both it, and any thing elfe that might pertain to the duty of a good Minifter, he gave me his hearty thanks, but I did perceive he looked for better news at my hands, and thought all thefe the leaft part of mine errand. It may be he had heard, before my coming, how the French (hips were ftaycd in England, which news were fo brim in the Court at mine arrival, that while I was with the Emperor, Secretary Bane was in hand with Afcham, to know whether I had brought with me the confirmation of thefe news or not, faying he was the Emperor's Secretary, and therefore he might truft hini with news, which he fhould (hortly know, though he did not tell him the fame. Yea, they had alio bruited it in the Court, before my coming, that our Ambaflador in France, had faid in exprcfs terms to the French King, that if he did not forthwith make reflitution of fuch goods as were wrongfully taken from our merchants, he had commandment from the King our Mafter, to denounce him cruel war. It was alfo re- ported and allowed in Court, for true news, that our ports were kept fluit, and that none might pafs out of England to any place, that perchance he that looked to hear all thefe good news, and more too at my coming, thought I had told him very little, having but a meant aid againft the Turk to tell him. For men do fooncr find a lack when ihcy mifs that they hoped for, than take thankfully that they think on. I feeing no occafiun to fpeak of any man to be fciit into England, did as I was bidden, in en-ling my mellage, leave the conlidcration thereof to his Majefty 's wifdom, not miftrufting 1 but fi I !:^ t ^ ■W!i .■ 5$ 8TATEPAPERS. «DWA(R© tbutlihould htvc good occafion to make the ofFer to D'Arras, if the Emperor (hould fecm earncftly to mind die matter. Whereupon I paufing, the Emperor (uid, he would (hew his whole plcafure to D*Arra6> as touchiag this his good brother's offer. And putting his hancl, as he could, to his cap, Teemed to me to crave an end of this talk. 'Whereupon I, after I had looked, if there were any thing clfe that his MajeAy would fay to me, and found he had no more to fay, I with an humble mantier as I could, took my leave of his Majefty. I was not fo foon gone out of the Court, hut 1 found the £i{hop's Chamberlain waiting for me, who brought me to my houfc, which was where the Palfgrave lay, all the time he was at Court. Perhaps, if D'Arras had known mine errand before, I might have l>een worfe lodged, and have found no man to condudt me to my lodging. The Chamberlain had commiflion to will me to fend to jny Lord his MaAer, for wine, and what I wanted bcfides, which I did, and luid birds and fowl offered my man, with a pady of red deer, but he brought me nothing but a flaggon of his wine, and ftuir or five caft of his manchets. I was in mine houfc an hour and more, before it was time to fupper, and thought D'Arras would have fent for me to talk to him ; but whether it were that he looked that I fliould make him offer, or whether it were for that he had other bufinefs, he fent not for me, till it was nine o'clock in the morning- after ; at which hour, his Chamberlain came for me, and I went flraight way to him. He faid, the Emperor's Majefty had font to him to know, whether I had been with him or no, and hearing that I had not been with him fince my talk with his Majefty, he fent again, wiiiing him to talk with me, and to require of me, whether 1 had any particular matters touching the prcfcnt occurrents, and to pray me that I would declare them unto D'Arras. Mine anfwer was, if I had been conu/ianded to fay more to hi lajofly I would be loth to live, while I might be juftly charged with it. 1 had kept no jot from his Majefly that i was willed to fay unto 9 him. STATE PAPERS. W him. 1 thought the news good as they were, and was glad I EDWAPn might bring them hither, as well for that they did both (how a great good nature in the King my Maftcr, and alio a great care in him toward the fafety of the Emperor s Hate, honour, and dominions. I thought if other Princes might be by long intreaty, as well per- fuaded to fet upon fo noble an enterprifc, as the King of England was bent to it out of his own good nature, the Turk (hould be driven to do hurt fomewhere elfe, or to do none to Chriftendoni from henceforth. D'Arras told me, if I had no more, he would go to the Emperor, and fay, his Majefty had heard as much as I had commiflion to fay. It feenieth they would fain have given me a new commifTion. Mine anfvver vv'as, he fliould do well lb to do, for 1 was a Minirter, and could not appoint myfelf, to fay any thing in my Mailer's name, without a warrant for it ; from myfelf I could fay fomewhat, not as Ambaflador, nor one bidden to lay it, but as one that, with the King my Mailer, did carneftly wilh a lafety to all the Emperor's things; and if he would give me leave to lay alidc mine office, mine Ambalfadorlhip, and privately to talk with him, as a poor friend might fpcak with an Emperor's great Counfcllor, I would tell him what I vhought ; marry, I would fay it to hear no more of it. Dy the way from Spires hitherward, I thought I faw I might be bold with the Emperor's Majefty, to have faid unto him, that he ftiouUl do well to fend fome fpecial men both to the King's Majefty, and alfo to other Princes, deviling with each of them, how this league agaiiift the Turk might be well iTiadej and if you think as I do, let me fit out, and make the dcvife your own ; if ■ye like it not, I fliall better bear it to be counted unwife, than un- willing to help forward that which I take to be fo beneficial to all Chriftendoni. For what hurt can the Turk do to Chriftendom, if Chriftians do not back him ? And here D'Arras faid enough againfl: the French King, and laid he would fliow me a pretty way of writ- ing news, and going to a coffer of his, he brought out a couple of 1 2 blanks im f' 60 STATE TAPERS. il m s 'm '"* f'VI 1.1)VVARD hhuU fent by Darramnnt from Connantinoplc to the French u— V J King, wherein might he written fiich news as might hell fcrve the I-rcMch King's jnirpofc, and betaken for news come from the Turk's Court, hccaul'c Darramont had lublcribed both the blanks with liis blind aiul nam.e. 1 law both the blanks, but whether tliey were Darramont's or like to he his, 1 know not. After this and much other talk, 1 took my leave of him, and he faid he would to the Emperor. At four o'clock his Chamberlain cometh to me again, and pravcth me to take (o much pains as to come again to his Mailer. When wc were both let, he told me he had lliewed the I'mperor, that what I was commanded to fay, I had faid it all, who once again told me, he thouglit I might of good conlidcration, for not troubling his Majefty long, who was as yet not well recovered, have kept fome particularities in .lore; but faith he, feeing you have nothing cll'e to fay unto iiim, he laith thus to you, that yc mull render his molt hearty tlianks unto his good brother, and fay that his Majelly makcih great account of this his kind and friendly offer, and therefore will forthwith addrefs his letter unto the Regent, that flie for her nigh- ncfs may both underftand the prcfent occurrences of England, and alfo know further the King's Majefty's mind, touching the ofier which ye have in his Majefty's name made unto him, and ufe it as fhe fliall fee caufe. And, faid he, as I told the Emperor, ye could not enlarge your commilfion, fo I alfo told him, what yc thcuiglit as of yourfelf, for the which your honeft and friendly advice, he gives you his moft hearty thanks, not miftiulling, but ye that thus care- fully do think of things, will fo let out his good will, favour and love, to the King his good brother, as the amity may daily increafe. The Emperor you fee is no catcher up of other men's things, but could be well content to lack a good portion of tliat he hath, if with- out impeachment to his honour, he could let go his juft inheritance. And here, he faid, the Fmperor did vvifh the like godly mind in the reft of the Princes, that he found in the King, his good brother, and 3 did ic Fiench \ ferve the the Turk's :8 with his they were iiiicli otljcr : Emperor. r1 prayttli :v. When , that what in told me, ubling his kept Ibme ling elfe to ;r his moll (ly niakctli Tcfore will her nigh- ^iancl, and : the oficr d vife it a8 ', yc could thought as , lie gives thus carc- avour and y increafe. lings, but 1, if with- ihcritance. ind in the other, and did I STATE PAP E R S. did tnift ho 1. ")uld be a King of as great honour as hath been in I'lngiiiul m.'i'iy hundred years. This, and ;ui huiu'.icd tiii-.cs as inii;ii, \\: Ijukc with fucli ailtdion, as, if words may l)j 'Jiought t .111 ui wliat they fay, there can be no more willicd lor, ilian is to I'c hoped for. The refl: I leave to your wifdoms to weigh, mure I c.tiniot fay in this matter. For occurrents here, there be no more tlu:i I ': "t your honours in my lall letters. It may be, Wefton may nu\i Willi fome by the way, for that every hour we look to hear, that the Duke of Alva, and Marches Albeit have bicklcd logctlicr. At the L\nirt, there is no talk of the Emperor's going from Landau. Monfieur D'Arras has promifed to write them inito me, when there come any good news, and if there had been any ready made, I do not doubt but I Hunild have had fome. And thus I take me leave mod humbly of your Lordlhips. Trom Spira, the 7ih of Odobcr, 1553. Vour Lordfliip's, ^c. Richard Moryson '■■. * This letter JiiU R, Aft.ham'8 were tranfcribcd from the originals io the I'aper Office Vol. r. I 3 61 F.DWARD VI. m ■i- a M' 6: MAR V. ' 5 5 5 • STATE PAPERS. No. V. f. f I r 4 >■ -.1j,;1 J'arleian Jv 3-' Tl)e Journey of the ^eens Ambaffadors unto Rome^ anno 15^5. The Reverend Father in God the Bipop of Ely^ and y if count Montagu .^ then Amhajfadors ; 'mho fet out of Calais in Picardy^ on IVednefday.^ being Afh-Wed" nefday^ the 2']th of February, [This Journal, though not writ by one of the mofl: cliAinguidicd perfons in the train of the Ambafladors, contains many curious particulars of the face of the country the appearance of the great towns, and the cuflonis of Italy at thnt time. Some minutice and inaccuracies mull be overlooked. Tills is the lafl einbafTy which went from England to pay public homage to the S. e of Rome. Lord Caftlemain, fent by King James, could only .'al'lrt'ls the Pope in the name of his Mafter, and of the Englilh Catliolies; not that of the nation.] F"' R O M Calais to Boulogne, fevcn leagues, paffing by Sandy* forde Abby, and through Morgyfon, which were botli de- ilroyed by Henry VJII. From P.oulognc to Monftrucil, fcvcn leagues, paffing by Hardito raftlc, which ftanilcth uptm a great marlli, and a wood on the one fide of it. Monftrueil flandeth high .-js Boulogne doth, Boulogne having on the iiorih-ean: and fouth fide of it, a mardi. At our be- ing there, they were fortifying and enlarging of the town. It wr.s better manned by much than Boulogne. Fron^ Monrtrueil to Abbeville, ten leagues, leaving a town on the right band. This town Handcth very ftrongly, by rcafon of marlli grounds about it, and the river of Somme palling by it. From STATE PAPERS. <3 ';/^, anno P of Ely^ ho Jet out linguiflicd ly curious r the great inutix and affy which of Rome. I'irfls the Catholics j )y Sandy - both dc- y Hardito 1 the one Boulogne U our be- lt was kvn on the of marlli From From Abbeville to Amiens, ten leagues, pafling by a caftle of Mary Monf. de Rion's of Flanders, and a bridge named Pont de Remy, and by a houfe of the Vidarnes Pequigny, leaving always on the left fide of us, the river of Somme. Amiens ftandeth on the river of Soane, in a marvellous even ground, the town being walled about, and fomc few Englifti miles in circuit } the water of Soane runneth in feven ftreets of the town. In this town we faw the rcliques of St. John's head, very richly cnclofcd in gold, and many precious jewels. The church very beautiful, and adorned with cunning workmanfliip. The Ambaffadors were lodged in the Duke of Ven- dofme's houfe. There is alfo a place called St. Dennis church-yard, which is thicker befct with fundry fafhioned crolTes, than any man; can well number j and very good devotion there cuftomably (hewed,, of all forts. From Amiens to Breteuil, feven leagues. In our way we faw the firft vineyards. From Breteuil to Clermont, feven leagues. There we faw fix piiSlures of Gentlemen hanged upon the gibbets, ftanding in the midft of the market-place; but the gentlemen thcmfclves, were fled away. There is very good wine at (Clermont. From Clermont to Luzarche, feven leagues, pafling through a town, St. Leu. We paflTed alfo over the river Oife, in a ferry- boat. This river partcth Picardy and France. From Luzarche to Paris, fix leagues, leaving on cur left hand, the Conftable's houfe, called Chantilly, with a very great 'Xjole a digging to it. We faw alfo another houfe, which the faid Conftable had but lately built, called Ecouen ; which was praifed for the faircft houfe in France. 1 his houfe ftandcth upon a pleafant large hill, yet in the middle of a great plain ; the one fide is employed to corn, aud the other full of vineyards. The hill is full of wood on every fide, faving the top, where the houfe ftandcth ; yet is there no tree but beareth fvuit; the grcatelt fort, chcfnuts, wallnuts, pine or fir trees. The 555- m $ ■irt 64 STATE PAPERS. M A P y Th«» ^ni^Uer, figs, cherries, almonds* peaches, and others, which w;.' the beholders a marvellous fight and pleafure. This houfe is built in a quadrant form, to the height oi two (lories plain, and the roof with gable windows caft out for a third ; the forefaid gable windows being of a marvellous greatnefs, anfwering to the otheia beneath, in number, fafhion, and quantity. The whol. ioufe is of free ftone, fo white, fo great and fair as may be feen ; the covering is of blue flatej the roof (as through all France) more railed up, than our buildings, the which giveth much beauty to their houlcs. The gate is made extant with pillars, and thrice vaulted, and in the uppermofl; vault flandeth St. George on horfeback, wrought alio in free ftone, to a marvellous greatnefs, the pillars likcwife being Tufcari work. In the infide of the faid gate, two of the lowcft pillars arc of blue fair marble, anfwerable to a like couple right over againft: them on the fartheft fide, there being a like front and to that galleries before. Of the four fides of this quadrant, the gale fide, with that over againft it, are appointed to two galleries, the other couple to chambers. The galleries of the gate arc of a lower roof than the other three, and therefore hath but his gallery above of a high vaulted roof, and his terrafs beneath, open to the court and quadrant. This gallery is twenty-one feet broad, and eighty in length : the pavements arc very broad, and like even, ftaincu with the arms of the Crown and Peers of France, the King's pocfy being Donee totum impknt orbem. The roof within is gilt, the ridge tiles without are alfo gilt. The cicling wiihin is ol walnut. 'J'he otiicr gallery was hanged with rich arras, where was alio a chart uf the Holy Land, made of divers woods, and of natural culours, fit in finall pieces, as the dcmonftration of the laid places required, and fcemed rather to have l)een done with the pencil, than otherwife. At the end of ilie gallery, under [he f.Mm. ruof, is the chapel, the cicling whereof is like v.'orkmanihip to the chart afore-named, of JBra/il, funic, walnut tree, and oihi.r like woods, joined ia tijc l-j^ines § ■' ■,«■'«-» STATE PAPERS. ^5 icrs, which his houfe is lin, and the \'i refaid gable ) the othei3 1 ' . ioui'e is of the covering fed up, than oul'cs. The and in the / flight alio la )cing Tufcati ft piUars arc againft them 1 to ? nt, the gale jallerics, the ,v I of a lower ■ C ;allcry above to the court nd eighty in iLiincil with ¥' poefy being ic lidgc tiles '] he other chart o^ the (lours, ftt in .Ij .cjuired, and ill otherwirc. liiapel, the y. c-namcd, of incd in tlje iiiMUVy 1 figures of the apoftles, and other curious works. The table of the altar, with the images thereabout, be of white marble, with two pillars of fine jett. The chambers are not great, but very well con- veyed, having a narrow gallery to convey you to every one of them apart; but the gallery is clofe, and appears not outward to them that be in the court. The chimneys ftand two feet off the wall into the chambers, and yet feem not to hurt the room, nor the fight thereof, becaufe they be raifed in the midft of the fide of the cham- ber, having a fide light of the window ; and again, they keep even largenefs to the roof of the chamber; all above the mar- ble, planted with pleafant works, and in oil coloured. In the court ftandeth an huge great horfe of copper, which (hall be fet upon the gate, with the image of the King upon the back of him. Within two leagues of this houfe is St. Dennis, where all the Kings of France be buried, and fometimes crowned. But the ap- pointed place of coronation is at a city called Rheims in Champagne. The town of St. Dennis is neither fair nor large, but the church is great, and the treafurc alfo. In this church we faw the flirine of St. Dennis made of filver, and gilt, and a great roode of clean gold, lacking but one arm, the which Francis the French King took away to maintain his wars ; adjoining inflead thereof, for recompence, one of filver, and gilt. There is alfo one whole unicorn's horn, which was almoft two ells long grown taper wife, and wreathed, as we fee it commonly painted. This horn is but flender to the length, yet notwithftanding maflive and heavy. There was alfo St. Dennis's head (ut dicitur) richly enclofcd in gold, and befet with precious ftones and orient pearl. Likewife a piece of the holy crofs, and one of the nails wherewith Chrift was nailed thereto, fet in gold. We were alfo brought into the treafiiry there, where we faw reliques in another place with ornaments of the King and Queen's coronation. And fir^ I faw thefe reliques, a piece of the holy crofs, in a crofs of gold; the finger of St. Thomas that he put into the wound of our K. Lord : MARY. '55;- i: .•'H I 'I'll 'I m STATE PAPERS. Lord ; a griffin's claw trimmed with filver, as great as a hunter's horn of the middle fort ; St. Bencdift's head ; St. Dennis's Penncr and Inkhorn ; a Cup was Solomon's, and one other made of an Agather, of a marvellous greatnefs and riches. I faw alfo the crowns of the King and Queen : upon the King's crown, a ruby as big as a wall- nut, and on every part fei with ftones. Alfo the fword and fcepter of the Kings, fet with mafly gold, the knob thereof being fct with diamonds and pearl. Alfo the King's fpurs of gold, and the por- traitures of Nero, Charlemaync, and other Emperors. Between St. Dennis and Paris, there are divers crofles, much like to churching crofles, but not fo big altogether, nor fo high ; whera (as it is faid) St. Dennis refled after he was beheaded. Thus rode we towards Paris where Monf. le Bois Dauphin met the AmbalTadors in the highway to Paris, which city ftandeth fome- •wliat low upon the river of Seine, which divideth the univerfity from the town, compaffing round about the city, which lieth between them both as an ifle, yet is Paris altogether of a round form. It is very fair and great, and full of merchants ; but the ftreets be very foul, by reafon their houfcs be very high and the ftreets very narrow. The city alone hath nineteen churches in it, with the great church of Notre Dame, in the fteeple whereof, hangeth a bell, weighing 33,000 lb. The French King hath a huufc there called Louvre. I faw in Paris the wonderful inftrument of C^rnncius, then alive; therein was to be fecn the courfc of the fcvcn planets prefently mov- ing, with afpetfls the one to the other. I alfo fivv the coining houfc, with the new coins fo perfcdliy flamped, that in my judgment no man is able to contcrfcit the fame. The mill that ftandeth in the midft of Seine, fcrveth to ftrike the bullion, and the work is fo fpecdy, that putting in a lalhe of metal an inch thick, and a foot long, he bringeth it quickly to the thinncfs of a French fous, and the thickncfs fulficient to the ftamp is, when the lathe will enter in a little notch, that STATE PAPERS. 67 a hunter's Pcnner and m Agather, wns of the ; as a wall- and fcepter ng fct with nd the por- , much like igh ; whcra auphin met ndeth fome- e univerfity ieth between 1. It is very le very foul, arrow. The t cinirch of weighing .GUV re. then alive; "ently mov- nirig houfc, (Igmcnt no Icth in the is fo fpecdy, )ot long, he c thicknefs little notch, that that is in a fteel . Wc tarried there the fcventh, eighth, and MARY, ninth day. From Paris to Melun, feven leagues, leaving on the left hand, one league from Paris, acaftleof the King's, built by King Henry V. King of England, named Bois de Vincenne, where all the prifoners taken in the wars againft the Emperor, do lie in hold ; and fo palling through two towns, the one called I'ontCharcnton, and the other Ville Neuve St. George. At Pont Charenton there meeteth two rivers, Marne and Seine, and fo runneth to Paris. Almofl: at the gate we went out of, ftandeth the caftle, called the Duke of Bedford's caftle, and the Baftdlion, without the gate, where the Frenchmen now build a pace. In Melun ftandeth a caftle environed with the river of Seine, built by Engliflimen. From Melun to Fountainbleau, four leagues, where the French King's Court lay. Two miles off^ the Court, certain gentlemen of the King's houfe met our Lords, and courteoufly entertained them, and brought them the neareft way to the Court, where they lovingly received them, and led them into a gallery, where they had every one of them prepared a very f^iir lodging, coftly hanged, and fet forth with as rich beds as might be feen. The houfe is called Fon- tainbleau, for the goodly foui.i'in it hath in the houle, and the fair- nefs of the water. This houfe is both beautiful and larger than any I had before feen in France or England. I may refemble the ftate thereof to the honour of Hampton Court, which as it pafleth Fon- tainblcau, with the great hall and chambers, fo is it inferior in outward beauty and uniformity, which pralfcth all kind of building moft, for tlic covering thereof h blue flate, and all the reft of free ftone. There is an out court or quadrant, whereof one ilde is a gallery, to walk in, being in length fix hundred feet. There is alfo on the fouth fide a garden, having in it a great pond, the walks and allies fliadowed with pine and Cyprus trees. At the end of one of the allies is a vault curioufly counterfeited as out of the rock natural, K 2 whither m »ff 69 STATE PAPERS. Henry II. Medicis. 'W whifhcr they do repair to refrcfli themfelvea in hot weather. There is another garden more privy, fet full of antiquities of copper. In the face of the great lodging, rifeth a great fountain, as I have faid, fpouting with five fpouts upright, out of a natural rock, or elfe, very naturally wrought. This houfe ftandeth in a valley, compalTed .about with rocky hills, but not very great ; and the country is foreft, full of deer, wolves, and wild boars. The name of the foreft is Barre, the houfe ftandeth three leagues within it every way. The Lords came to the Court about four o'clock, and within one hour after were brought to the King's prefcnce, who received them very genteelly, and embraced as many gentlemen of the train as came unto him. After the Lords had fome talk with the King, they were brought into the Queen's chamber of prcfence, where the Cathfrine de French Queen, accompanied with the Queen of Scots, and two of her own daughters, were ready to receive them. From thence they departed to their lodgings, where were ready to wait upon them, divers of the French King's gentlemen, being appointed to attend them dinner and fupper during their abode there. The next day after, being the nth day, the reft of the train that could not be lodged at the Court came thither, and dcfired certain Scottifli gen- tlemen, that they might fee the Queen of Scots; who being told of their defire to fee her, immediately fhe very courteoufly came forth out of her privy chamber into her chamber of prcfence amongft us all, and faid unto us, flie was very glad to fee us, calling us her countrymen. About four o'clock this afternoon the French King came from hunting the wild boar, and then the Lords went and took their leave of him, and the King embraced them, and as many of their gentlemen as came unto him. That done, the fame niglit they departed from the Court, and rode to St. Mathurin's. The King is a goodly tall gentleman, well made in all the parts of his body, a very grim countenance, yet very gentle, meek, and well beloved of all his fubjcClfi. # We if? ler. There copper. In I have faid, or elfe, very , com pa (Ted try is forcftt the forcfl ia way. The in one hour d them very rain as came King, they where the and two of thence they upon theoH ted to attend le next day ould not be jcottifli gen- )eing told of came forth amongft us lling us her "rench King cnt and took I as many of ic night they he King is a )ody, a very loved of all We ; ■ { '•;i -4 STATE PAPERS. 6c, We remained all this, the 12th day, at St. Mathurln's. This St. ^ a r v. IS5J. Mathurin (as they faid) is a holy man, that can help mad men and * ■ » ••* women, within nine days fpacc, if they do this that follows. The Prieft, when Mafs is done, muft call for the madmen or womeni to come and kneel before the altar, and when he had faid certain prayers, he muft come and lay flannel upon their heads, and, making the fign of the Crofs, fay certain words over them ; that ended, they rife, and go round about the altar four times, and at every time, kifs the four brazen pillars that ftand about the altar. Then muft they offer up mto St. Mathurin, a pottle-pot full of wine, three loaves of bread, and a French fous in money, which in value in our Englifli money is ij^/. ob. q. and doing this for the fpacc of liiiic days together, they fay they (hall have their right wits again. From St. Mathurin to Montargis, eight leagues, this town ftandetli fo well for wood, water, and meadow, as I have not fecn the like in all France before. There ftandeth a caftlc, fair for all lodgings ; but of no force, the which fometime (as they fay) was in the keep- ing of my Lord Talbot. The houfe is of great reccit, and very flately. 1 he hall hath a pair of ftairs fifty-fix fteps going up to, it hath alio fix chimnies in it, fixty-five paces long, and twenty paces broad. I'here ib both a guard chamber and a chamber of pre- ibcnce, the which I ha^e not feen in other places in that country. From Montargis t(j Briare, nine leagues. By this town runneth, the ^jreatcft river in France, called Loyre, leaving it always upon our right hand. It parteth the dutchy of Berry from Nyvernoys, and from Barboys. From Briare to Cone, eight leagues, through a town called Bony. From Cone to la Gharitc, eight leagues, leaving on the riglit fide of us, over the river of I.oyre, a town called Saucer, with a caille in it of great force, which town of late is called young, Chenevy, of divers men, becaufc of their loligion. From La Charite to Nevers, five long leagues. As we rode by the river of Loyre, wc faw water mills iUinding upon boats in the. main I i 7d STATE PAPERS. Ji t ill •t4 •.1 i ■At' t 'itl MARY, main river, Ito be removed by the millers to any other place they like better, as they lift. At Ncvcrs is a bridge twenty-five fcorc paces over, upon the which wc paflcd the river of Loyre, and there left it. From Nevers to St. Pierre le Monaftcr, five long leagues. This is a little walled town, where the Juftices of the country ufe it, and keep their lofTions. From St. Pierre Ic Monafter to Moulins, through a town called Villcneuve, leaving the river Allicr on our right hand, the which runneth into Loyre. This town of Moulins, is the chiefcft town in Borbonnois, where is a great and ancient houfc of the Duke of Bour- bon's, commodious conduits and gardens. There is a conduit hav- ing out of the midft of the ftem an artichoke bearing four ripe as it were, and one feeded, and out of the leaves fpringetli water, as rain, very artificially wrought in copper and gilt. Here we faw oranges, lemons, pomegranates, growing by labour and diligence of men; for the trees be growing with barrels filled with good earth, and in the winter be removed, under terrafles and houfes made of pur- pofe, and are ever brought out again the fpring, into the garden again. In the garden be two goddly banqueting houfes, the one of them hath water about it, and the other a great many of finging birds in it, of divers forts, and at every corner of it, a great hart's head ftanding, with many other goodly commodities. There is a bone of a man to be fccn, v»'hofc length was fixteen feet, and found in Vicnne in Dauphine. Furthermore I faw there the proportion of divers cities, with the walls, churches, and bul- warks, carved in wood very curioufly. From Moulins to la Palice, ten leagues. This town ftandcth upon a hill, the country round about it, being forcfl and heath. From la Palice to Roanne, fix long leagues, paiTing a finall moun- tain. There we palled the river of Loyre, a3 we go out of the town towards Italy. Fromi STATE PAPERS. 7» place they '-five fcorc » and there lies. This ufe it, and own called the which :ft town in :c of Bour- nduit hav- r ripe as it er, as rain, w oranges, e of men ; earth, and ide of pur- thc garden the one of of finging hart's head iras fixtecn faw there , and bul- n ftandcth hcatii. all moiin- ut of the From From Rouanc to Tararc, fix long leagues, This town ftamlclh in ^^ '\^ ^* a da-p bottom, the hills hanging '>v>ji on every fiik*, and la watered with a narrow ftrcam, but fo IV, ilt, that within the fpacc of two hundred yards, four mills arc driven, two for corn, one to faw tim- ber, and another to beat the hemp. The corn mill grindeth with a flat wheel, the water being forced to one lidc of it. I'he law mill is driven with an upright wheel ; and the water that maketh it go, is gathered whole into a narrow trough, which delivcreih the fame water to the wheels. This wheel hath a piece of timber put to the axletree end, like the handle of a broth, and faftencd to the end of the faw, which being turned with the force of the water, hoillcth up and down the faw, that it continually catcth in, and the handle oS the fame is kept in a rigall of wood from fwerving. Alfo the timber lieth as it were upon a ladder, which is brought by little and little to the faw with another vice. The hemp mill is much like the cyder mills we have in England, where a Hone is rolled about in a vault or veflcl, where the hemp lieth. From Tarare to Lyons, fix long leagues. Lyons is a goodly city, and a flrong, by means of the rocks on the one fide of it, and the waters on the other fide. We came into the town on Lyons fide, a mile before we came to any bridge, and then we paflTed a bridge over the river Saone, and going out of town, we went a long mile iu Dauphinc fide, and paffcd a long bridge over the river Rhone, The greateft part of the town, is as it were an iflc. At the end thereof, both the rivers being joined together. Upon the north fide of the town is the new fortification, and the calUc upon the very rock. Upon the fouth fide is the church of St. Henry, his corpfe and fepulchrc ; the pillar whcreunto Chrift was bound, of blue marble, with white veins; and on the ead fide, a valley or plain,, very fruitful. It is evil dwelling there for thofc that will perjure thcmfelves, for they fliall be burned with a fire called St. Anthony's 5 fire. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ m m ■ 4 |2.5 Ui m us u I 2.0 1.8 '•25 iir-^ ' < 6" ► ^ (?> VQ ^:^*' ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation ■4^'V^ 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 fc <" ^ ;\ \ ;\ It STATE PAPERS. MARY ri £ :ii";i*»' fire, ^e tarried two days at Lyons. Here we had great enter- tainment of Madame Lacheveriere, a great Lady in Lyons. From Lyons to Burgoin, five leagues. This town Aandeth itinder a great hill, having a good foil, with wood and water enough. From Burgoin to Pont Beauvoifin, five leagues, through a town named La tour du Pin, paffing a great wood of chefnuts. Through this town runneth the river of Giers that cometh from the moun- tains. The one fide of the water is Dauphinois, and the other is Savoy. There is alfu a mill to make oil of walnuts. From Pont Beauvoifin to Chamberry, five long leagues, wherct by the way we paffed by Mount Aiguberte, a great mountain, and very dangerous, one league high and more, all upon rocks, and a very narrow paffage. Here, mailer White, whofe father was Maf- ter of the Requefts to Queen Mary, and a gentleman of AmbafTador Leger to Rome, taking hold of his horfe^s head, to jpuU him nearer the rock fide, to keep him from falling down the hill, his horfe going back pulled his mafter after him, and both together tumbled down the hill a great way, and there flaid, and yet neither of them hurt. This is the chiefefl: town of all Savoy, and hath a great fair callle in it, but of no force ', it flandeth in a valley full of corn, woods and paflure, plenty of fruits, as figs, almonds, &c. We being almofl at the foot of the hill, and thinking we had but one Englifii mile to the town, we ^ound it five long miles before we came at it, and the way very ftrait. From Chamberry to Algubelle, five long leagues, through Mount Melian, a pretty town, in which ftandeth a notable ftrong caftle upon a rock, that keepeth the paflage between the mountains, the which is thought impregnable but by famine or treafon. By this town runneth the river Lyzore, and through Aigubelle, the river Arte is /:alled Aqua Bella of the Fountains, but the river is exceedingly foul. The STATE PAPERS. 7S m The church of Aigubelle was founded by a Bifliop of Harteforde, called Petrus de Acqua Bianca. From Aigubelle to St. Jean de Morienne, fix long leagues, riding betwixt the mountains of a very great height, all that journey ; upon which mountains was plenty of corn and vines, with very many dwelling houfes and cottages, as we call them, and fome of them thought to be a league high. That day we pafled over the river of Lyzere four times. This town ftandeth very barrenly upon the river of Arte, the which falling from the mountains, is fo fwift, and makes fo great a noife, that it is able to make a man deaf, and hath no fifli in it. We rode along this river five days journey. In thefe mountains be wild boars ; their hogs are all black ; their fhecp great and long legged, with crooked fnouts; and very many goats. From St. Jean de Morienne to St. Andre, four long miles, ftill between the mountains, and thofe higher to my feeing than the other. There was fuch a noife of water beating upon the rocks, and fuch monftrous mountains to behold, of a huge height, being always in danger of fome ftone falling upon us, that it feemed rather a hell than a highway to pafs in. Upon the right hand on the other fide of thofe mountains, all the way is Dauphiny. At St. Andre, I coming into a church, about four o'clock in the afternoon, fpied a young child lying dead upon a board before the image of our Lady, and an old woman fitting watching and praying by it, having alfo a tallow candle burning, and a great many peafe and beans in a little tray, the which fhe had offered unto our Lady. I aflced her in French what ihe meant to do ? And fhe anfwered, that the child was born dead, and that flie looked for the life of it, or at leafl to burfl out a bleeding in fome place of the body ; and thus they do for the fpace of fifteen days together till it ftinked. If it be fo that it bleed, although it receive no life, it is chriftened, if not, then it is cafl into the river. In this town news came for certainty, that Pope Julius Tertius died at Rome, the 25th of March. L From MARY «555- ■'•mf 74 MARY. I5SS- fr.i i lili STATE PAPERS. From St. Andre to Lancbourg, five long leagues, pafTing by a town called Trefignon, over a great mountain, yet there accounted as none, by reafon of the ineftimable height of the other mountains. This day we had great rain and fnow, and coming under the fte^p of a clift, a great gulf of water-fall, as great as the throw of a mill, fell down, in falling down fuddenly from the clift was turned into fnow, and had made there a mighty heap, on which we trod, the fnow falling continually thick, and yet the fpace from the fall to the ground cannot be judged above twenty fathom. Among thefe mountains we faw on the 26th of March a young partridge. I being among thefe mountains, was drawn in a fledge a great part of the way for the value of ij^. The way is made out of the rocks and mountains by men's hands ; the diet there of the common people in Lent, is nothing elfe but peafe and hearts, oil and chefnuts, and yet they be very fat withal. From Lanebourg to Sufa, fix long leagues ; pafling over the great mountain Cenis, the which is two leagues to the top, and when we are come to the top, then we have a great plain to go, which is two long leagues and a half; then had we three feet of the mountain (as they call it) to go down, that were half leagues a-piece, two of them, and the third was a whole league ; we all pafled without dan- gers, thanks be to God, to the great admiration to all the country, and no lefs I aflure you to them that (hould hear the truth. After we got to the top of the mountain, which we came, but with great pain, for I was fain to hire one to lead my horfe up before me and I to come after him holding by the tail, for fear of falling back- wards, it was fo fteep to the top ; by the way I did fee a poor man lie almoft drowned in the fnow, making round balls of fnow, and eating of them for very hunger. After we came at the top of the mountain, going the way towards the chappel, named La Chapelle de Trancizes, to wit, the Chappel of the Dead, being half a league : this chappel lieth full of dead ' men's M STATE PAPERS. 75 mens fculls that have died upon the mountain for extreme cold and mar y. 1555. other misfortunes, and there feemeth to be more than one thoufand perfons ; whereof fixteen Lauoceknights were thrown in there, in March b'^fore. From thence we went to the Poft Houfe, called La Tavaro, an Inu, being half a league off. We had no other ground to go but only fnow, that was but two feet broad, and hardened with the continual froft that is there alraoft always. So that in this way, the fnow was thought to be at the leaft a fpear depth and more, the which doth, if there be any heat at all, fink every two horfes. The very fame day that we pafled over this mountain, there were four perfons drowned by going a little out of their way ; we were in the more hazard, by reafon of the great wind that blew, and the abundance of fnow that fell fo faft from the e'ements, that one of us could not fee another, being but a fmall way afimder, and fuch was it all the way of the plain of the hill. Defcending of the plain, wc turned upon the way, as though we had been going down a pair of flairs, having at every corner under us vallies of fnow, fome ten fathom deep, and fome more. In my going down, I fell willingly above a dozen times, only to ftay myfelf. What the Knights faid it was, I will not write, left I fhould be counted a lyar ; but the truth is, no man will believe the danger of the hill but fuch as know it j and in this wife did we turn at every ten or twelve fathoms, for half a league, until we came to a place called the Hofpital ; then turned we in like cafe upon the rocks half a league, until we came to a town called Feriere, and the firft town of Piedmont, and from thence to another town named Nova- lefe, the which payeth twenty-two Crowns to the French King monthly ; from thence to Sufa all the way upon good ftone, but not fo evil as before. This town Sufa payeth in like cafe monthly unto the French King one hundred Crowns. The 26th of April, five men drowned upon this mount Cenis, and three weeks before that, vrere three of the Prince of Salerne's men drowned in fnow. The fame L a day 76 I HI 'I* STATE PAPERS. day that we went over mount Cenls, it was told us, that the nunr- ber that have been drowned there within this half year, is above fifty perfons, by report of the inhabitants thereabouts, and yet in the months of July and Auguft the fnow is melted quite away from the plains of the mountain, befides fome other; fo that you fhall fee as good ground there as in all Savoy. Furthermore, the town of Sufa is not ftrong, but yet kept with a garrifon of men, to keep the paflage between Savoy and Piedmont. Dr. Bennet, fome time Arch- deacon of Salifbury, and Ambaffador from King Henry to the Pope, lieth buried in Sufa. Upon the north fide Sufa is a mountain called Rochemelune, by eftimation ten leagues high, upon the top whereof ftandeth a chappel of our Lady of Niges, the which was built by a Jew, that made his vow, he would build a chappel upon the top of the higheft mountain in Europe, this being the higheft mountain of all others. The Duke of Bourbon went thither before he went to the facking of Rome, to ofi^er up his harnefs to our lady of Niges. It was fo high, that he made three days journey to the very top of it. We remained at Sufa two days, the third and fourth. Upon mount Cenis there appeareth the way that was cut out of the rock by Hannibal when he entered into Italy. From Sufa to Avigliana, five long leagues, through three towns, the one called Buflblin, the fecond St. Ambrofe, and the third St. George. This town ftandeth very pleafant ; it hath a caftle of great force in it, the which payeth monthly to the French King five hun- dred Crowns. From Avigliana to Porcin, .... miles, leaving Turin on the right hand of us, which is the chiefeft town of Piedmont. It feem- eth to be very fair and ftrong, and ftandeth upon the river Po ; it was our right way to have gone through it, but we could not be fuf- fered to come wiihin it, becaufe their enemies lay fo near unto it. There, the wars were let between them, the French King and the Emperor ; they fkirmiflied every day through a town named Rivole, which p V S T A t E PAPERS. 17 lat the nunf- ear, is al>ove 5, and yet in e away from you dial I fee the town of , to keep the e time Arch- r to the Pope, luntain ciilled : top whereof ras built by a on the top of eft mountain fore he went ady of Niges. ery top of it. Upon mount the rock by three towns, he third St. aftle of great ng five hun- 'urin on the nt. It feem- river Po; it d not be fuf- near unto it.^ ing and the imed Rivole, which which payeth fix hundred Crowns a month to the French King, and by a fort of the French King's, called Mount Calcar, a very ftrong fort, over the river Po, the which is the greatefl; river (as they fay) in all Italy. We left alfo on the right hand of us, as it were a league from us, a very (Irong town, named Chieri, a town of war of the French King's; alfo Pbrcin hath been a very (Irong town but decayed by the wars, and is now a neuter town. There, for lack of lodffincs, we were fain to lie in barns and flablcs all the night, in our hoods. From Porc'.n to Afti, tW,elve miles j the which being the march, or frontier town of . ^ . . . . . and we being to pafs by the holds and caftles of either party, who had daily fkirmiflics together, wc were conduced by a French trumpet and a Spanifli drum, by a town called Villa Nova D'Arti, French, and another called Villa Franca, Imperial, the towns round about us being all fpoiled and burnt. Half a mile on this fide the town of Afti, the Captain of the town, accom- panied with three thoufand men of arms, met the Lords and brought them to the town with great rejoicing, and they fo curvetted their great horfes, that fome of them, horfc and men, lay in the ditches ; and when we came to the town, they gave the Lords a great volley of fmal'l fhot, and fome great ordnance fliot off the walls, as my Lord North*s younger fon was in danger of killing; but there went one galloping to tell my Lords coming, and it was known they were Engliflimen, fo that they were glad. For about four o'clock in the afternoon', there was a general proceflion in the town, in token of rejoicing, as it feemed at our coming, fuppofing the Lords journey had been, as well to have treated a peace betwixt the Emperor and the French King, as for any matter befides. In this proceffion there were thir- teen crofles, and fuch a number of Friars, as I never faw in all my life before, and above two thoufand people I am fure. The women went ftrangely apparelled, fitter for malkers and players than women. This is the firft town of the Emperor's. Here the Lords had very great MARY. '555- '». 78 W M m'4 j >n It ' I I M AR V. STATL PAPERS. great prefents given them. The town of Afti is not very ftrong of itfelf, but it 18 well guarded with men of war. Tlie Frenchmen gave alarum to the town this night, we lying there. The next day the Captains and men of arms conveyed the Lords in like manner, out of the town, as they brought them in, and with as much bra- very as they could devife; for in three feveral places as we departed out of town, all the foldicrs of the town made a guard in very good order, and gave the Lords a volley of (hot to the number of two hundred. Then, when we came out of the gate, we faw two hun- dred fhot, marching before us in good array, which went along with tis a good mile out of the town, and when the Lords came nigh to them, they blew off their pieces, and took their leave of the Lords, and fo departed back to the town, and went in like manner as they came out. From Afti to Alexandria, twenty miles ; pafling by the caftle of Nonven, which when we came over agalnft it, fhot off, very friendly ; and as we pafled through fmall towns they rung the bells, in token of rejoicing. At the gates of Alexandria, the Captain of the town, with a great number of Gentlemen, came and entertained the Lords very courteoufly, and brought them to their lodging, the faireft houfe of the town. As we entered the houfe, there was a great peal of fquibs (hot off with a train, which made a very great report, that to our thinking we took them for great pieces of ord- nance. That night there came to the Lords from the Emperor's camp, a Gentleman of Spain, called Signior Andrea Rodovico, with a great troop of horfemen, and lay that night in the town to keep the Lords company ; the Emperor's camp being but eight miles off the town. Here the Lords and all their train were clearly defrayed at the Knight*s coft and charges for all things, for not eight days before our coming thither, the Captain of the town was taken pri- foner of the Frenchmen. The French King had then taken Cafal and the whole ftate of Mount Ferrat, which is the inheritance of the Duke STATE PAPERS. 19 Duke of Mantua, enjoining five hundred holds and fmall towns to MARY. them. There runneth a goodly river on the weft fide of Alejcandria, with a fair bridge over it, and divers mills. From Alexandria to Voghera, twenty miles ; being accompanied with Rodovico, before named> and his troop of horfemen. Pafling over the river at the town's end in a boat, there met us a fmall number of horfemen, but exceUently well appointed, which went forward with us ; riding two or three miles further, we were met with a great garrifon of foldiers, which brought us through a town called Tor- tona, with trumpets blowing as they rode; and as we were paffing through the town, the caftle played with great fhot. When they had brought us through the town, many of the horfemen returned to the camp. Then, when we came within a mile of a town called Ponterook, foldiers of another garrifon came to attend the Lords, and went forward with us, and being within half a mile of Voghera, a Gentleman of the town, well accompanied, met the Lords, and brought them to their lodgings, where they, and all the train, were defrayed by the King. I never faw better horfe, nor better ap- pointed, than thofe that met the Lords by the way this day. From Voghera to Pavia, fifteea miles ; ferrying over the river of Po. Within a mile of Pavia, being over the river, the Lords and Gentlemen of the town met our Lords, and brought them to the city ; paffing a bridge at the town over the river Teffm, or Ticinium ; upon which bridge ftood a great nifmber of foldiers in good order, and well appointed, and among them three thoufand {hot, which gave the Lords a brave volley. And fo, after they had brought them to their lodgings, being the houfe of Signior Hyero- leino Sacco, there the ftate of Milan defrayed the Lords charges and train, and appointed divers to attend upon them. , ' All the foot bands of the garrifon came marching to the Lords lodgings in the afternoon, five in a rank, pafling bravely armed and appointed as ever I faw. Here the Lords were very fumptuoufly feafted and 6o STATE PAPERS. ;)ivU Y- and entertained at the King's charges. Pavia is an old ancient city, and a county, and was in times pad a kingdom. Lombardy is a goodly plain country, and very rich. Pavia is an univerfity, and very pleafant for gentlemen to lie in. In the great ch^irch there, we (aw the lively image of St. Auguftine, and his tomb of white mar- ble very rich ; the tomb alfo of Leofranda, the lafl King of Pavia. The tomb of Uoetius Severinus ; and the tower of I'azen the lawyer. At our going out of the city, to give the Lords their farewel they ^lot off their great ordnance, and fmall ihot gave the vdlies. From Pavia to Milan, twenty miles. Five miles from Pavia, we were brought to La-certoza de Pavia, where the Lords dined, and were greatly feafted. It is the goodlieft and beft houfe in all Europe. •It was founded by Giovanni Galezzo, Duke of Milan, who lies there interred in a tomb of white marble ; the two coffins and the table of •the altar are all of ivory, with fuch workmanfhip, that it is a fpeftacle to all Lombardy. There is a cloyftcr forty feet quadrant ; the doors, defks, and ftools be fo garniflied with fuch notable hiftories, all of cut •work, of divers kinds of woods, that no man poffibly can paint them out more finely and lively. The marvellous works that be there, as •well of the elephant's tooth, as of all kinds of wood, I think there be no where elfe to be found in Europe ; howbeit it is not yet all finiflied. By the way we faw the field, where the F"rench King was taken prifoner. Betwixt Pavia and the Charter Houfe, the Duke enclofed a piece of ground with a great high wall, four fquare, and fifteen miles in compafs about. This is called his garden, having within it divers feveral enclofures, for bears, wild boars, red and fallow deer, wolves, and all other kind of beafts of venery ; which garden, at the battle when the French King was taken prifoner, was fpoiled by divers breaches that he had made into the. fame. All the Monks of this Charter Houfe be nobly born and defcended. The revenues of the faid Charter Houfe per ann. is fifteen thoufand • •• .. Crowns. -m .'^ >■ ■■<■ ancient city* nbardy is a verfity, and ch there, we white mar- ig of Pavia. I the lawyer, farcwel they olHes. . tn Pavia, we 3 dined, and Q all Europe, vho lies there d the table of I is a fpe^tacle It i the doors, ies, all of cut n paint them be there, as think there is not yet all ich King was e, the Duke fquare, and rden, having oars, red and nery ; which jrifoner, was me. All the lended. The een thoufand Crowns. STATE PAPERS. 8i Crowns. The Lords were very honourably received in Milan, and lodged in a Nobleman's houfe, called II Signor Conftantio, where they were highly feafted at the charge of the King. Thither came, Kinft Philip to falutc the Lords, 11 Conte I'Andriano, divers Nobles, and divers gallants of the city. Here the Lords had all the pleafiire that could be fliewed them, as well by inftruments of mufic as otherwife. The city is by eftimation feven or eight miles about. The form thereof, is like unto a heart, and hath fix gates, and to every gate, two noblemen of the city appointed, and every gate is bound to marry twelve poor maidens yearly, being at certain charges in their bridals and apparel. Upon Eafter Tuefday we faw twelve maids married, every one of them led with two Noblewomen, they themfelves being clad in white. When they are married, there is given each of them a purfe, with twenty ducats in it, one fuit of apparel, befides that on their backs, and their dinner. The walls of the city are exceeding ftrong, but not altogether finifli- ed ; and the caftle alfo, for provifion and ftrength, is to be wondered at; as for artillery, munition, corn, wines, oil, bacon, powdered beef, and Parmefan cheefe. They make great ftore of armour in the caftle; but no townfman may come in at the gate. This caftle is of fuch force, as none in all Europe is comparable unto it. The church is an huge thing all of white marble, growing within their own dutchy, at a place called Lago di Como. They bore us in hand, that the covering fliall be alfo of marble, but is not likely to be finiflied in our time, notwithftanding they have daily one hundred labourers upon it. There is an hofpital that may difpend 25,000 Crowns a year, the provifion whereof pafleth all other ; for at that prefent, we faw one hundred fat oxen in a ftable, one hundred veftcls of wine, every one containing five tons, in one cellar ; the diet fo cleanly and daintily prepared for the fick as can be, by the recourfe of furgeons and phy- ficians, that it is a goodly thing to fee. In this hofpital are five M hundred STATE PAPERS. MARY. •SJ5- 'I I .. "'iJl " IP*::? hundred nurfes to look to the Tick, and to bring up children. Man^r hofpitals more there are, fome for men and Tome for women, ami fome for children, bcfides a houfe built without the town, for fuch as fhall be infed^ed of the plague, having three huadred and fixty* five chambers feveral. This city is notably rich) and full of mer- chandize, and artificers, very wealthy ; for there la almoft no arti- ficer's wife but (he weareth a chain of gold about her neck or middle. The Noblemen and Gentlemen of Italy lie always in the great towns* and never in the country. The Lords tarried at Milan fix days, viz. the 12th, 13th, i4ih, i^th, i6th, and 17th. From Milan to Lodi, twenty miles ; paiSng through a town- called Marignano, where the Marquis hath a goodly houfe, and the Lords were made a great banquet there, the Marquis Marignano himfelf being at that time General for the Emperor, and lay before Siena, befieging the town againft the French King. All the way betwi](t Milan and Lodi, we rode as between gardens ; and to fpeak truth, my eyes never faw any ii»il comparable to it for beauty and/ profit. They make hay there thrice a year. Their ground for tillage, beareth them alfo vines and fuel ; for their vines are grown Vp by certain trees called Oppieit that are of a quick growth, there- fore every three years from one of thefe trees to anotherv they pull the main branches of the vines, as fliff and Arait as a cord» fo that they hurt not the ripening of thpir corn. And thus theic vines and their trees growing in order* there is a fpace left to the plough, and fo intermix the corn with the ranks of the vine. There are no woods of fuch timber as we have, but thefe only, willows^ white hafels, and poplars, all fet by line, in their meadows, paf- tures, and grounds for tilling, £cc. fo that you cannot fee any way from you half a quarter of a mile. They bring their water in every ditch, round about their enclofures, and make them run continually like little rivers of either fide of the way, and have none other defence but that : and for their commodity, they make their waters STATE PAPERS. •I ren. Man^ moment and rn, for fuch I and fixty' full of mer- loft no arti- c or middle. ;reat towns* ix daySj viz. igh a town- ufe, and the Marignano td lay before All the way and to fpeak r beauty and' ground for :s are grown 3wth, there- s to another*, ait as a cord» d thus theic ;e left to the vine. There ily, willows^ zadowS) pal- fee any way ater in every 1 continually : none other their waters Kb I fo to run one over another and contrary to each other, becaufe the MAR Y. evennefs of the ground helpcth them much thereto. Their kine be great and good, and they eat a meat called Latimel or Forita. Their checfe is the bed in the world, and alfo veals. Marignano is a plea* fant caRle, but of no force ; it ftandeth upon the river of Olort. The Lords were received into their lodging very honourably, with (hot, both great and fmall. They were lodged in the houfe of the mod noble Lodovico Veftarino, then General of the camp in Piedmont in Novara. This Lodi flandeth upon a hill, very ftrongly, and hath a caftle in it of great force. From Lodi to Piacenza, twenty miles ; paffing by a little pile where was (hot off ordnance both great and fmall ; the Lords had a banquet in this pile ; and after, paiTed the river of Po with boats ; being all over the river, the Lords were received as before, and fo paflfed by the town walls a long while ere ever they came to their lodgings* They being lodged in the houfe of Signior Francifco Baratiero, iu the ftrcet called Santo Nazaro (la Signora Hippolita fua raoglie. Signior Cefare et Hercole fuoi figliouli. Signior Albcrico, AleflTan- dcro, et Camillo Baratiero nepoti del detto Francifco Baratiero). This city is very ftrong, and a caftlc of great force, but not fully finifhed yet. This town did belong to the Church of Rome. Paulus Tertlus being a Roman born, of the noble houfe of the Farncfi, and Pope, who willing to advance his own blood* created his fon Peter Allege Duke of Piacenza and Parma, who# for his cruelty and rigour towards his fubjetSs, was flain in hi4 own houfe ; and becaufe he that did kill him was afraid of the Pope, the townfmen delivered their town into the Emperor's hands, the which he hath exempted unto the Dutchy of Milan. This Peter Allege, the firft Duke of Piacenza and Parma, married the bafe daughter of the French King, and had by her three fona and one daughter ; his daughter is married to the Duke of Urbine, and his *eldeft fon named Ofl;avio, is now Duke of Parma ; the other two M 2 brethrea mi mi .i - .1 ) I. m. iM m I 84 M A R Y. STATE PAPERS. brethren be Cardinals, the one called Cardinal Farnefe, who is now Chancellor of Rome, and the other, Cardinal St. Angelo, they both being in great eftimation with the Pope Paulus Quartus, that now is; fo that it is thought that they will procure and ftir up war againil; the Emperor, for recovery of Piacenza for the Duke of Parma. Here the Lords remained two days, the 20th and the 8ift. From Piacenza to Cremona, eighteen miles, where we pafled over the river of Po. This city is great and rich, and payeth yearly to King Philip of Spain (now our King), without tax, fifty thoufand Crowns. There is an high fteeple in the town, from whence this f/overb arifeth, " Una Torre in Cremona, uno Porto in Ancona." They make excellent good knives at Cremona. Being pafled over the river Po, the Lords were received and feafted as before. It is the lead city of the Dukedom of Milan, and is a great circuit about ; a fair town, and rich of merchandife, but of no great force. It hath a notable caftle in it. There is no ordnance in any town through the whole Dukedom, as we rode, but all in the caftle as I could per- ceive. The Lords viewed this caftle, but no Italian was fuff'ered to go in with them, three or fbur of the chief only excepted, that did accompany therm. At their going out, the caftle ihot off their fmall and great pieces. We tarried here the 23d day. This day U Conte Defpefiano Porzenno married the fifter of Signior Camillo Stanga, a very honeft gentleman. Divers of the Lords Gentlemen were bidden thither by this young Count to dinner and fupper, and there danced with the Ladies. This country and Dukedom is wonderful pleafant, and fo repleniflied with corn, vines, fruit, pafture and mea- dow, all the ground being fo level, and fo well watered, that the like is not to be feen in any one country again, fo long together. In this town is a notable ftrong caftle. The Lords viewed this caftle, and at their coming out, there was ftore of great and fmall fhot, to give the Lords an honourable farewel. 7 From im :■ M: ,i. >f vho is now they both lat now is; againO; the ma. Here paffed over I yearly to y thoufand vhence this I Ancona." ed over the . It is the it about ; a e. It hath vn through could per-^ fufFered to STATE PAPERS. From Cremona to Caneto, twenty-two miles, through a town named Salra Terra, pafling over the river Oglio by boat. This river parteth the Dukedom of Milane, and the Dukedom of Mantua ; in this town the Lords lay at the Duke's charges. From Caneto to Mantua, twenty miles ; over the river of Chiefe, through a town called Aqua Negra, where we faw men whip them- felves with chains, going after a procellion. We palled through a town called Andadefco, and by our Lady of Mantua her chapel, where is the greateft offering in thofe parts of I^aly. There they fhew pictures of men, which fhe preferved (as they fay), that were ftricken into brains and hearts, and in at the backs, with fvvords and dagp;er« ; and where is alfo fuch wonderful works of wax, as I never faw the like again. Mantua is a notable ftrong city, environed with great lakes and marfhes. The Duke met with the Lords in the city, and brought them to their lodgings, which was in an old palace of the Duke's. I'his Duke is very young, and looketh a little afqumr. Here the Lords were greatly fcailed at the Duke'" charge. After fupper, they went to the Court to deliver the Queen's letters, and there we faw the Dukes grandmother, his mother's filler, the wife of Gonzaga, and his daughter, and one other lady called Hippolita, one of the faircfi. ladies in the world. After compliments of faluta- tion, the Lords had a banquet, in the which were green almonds, the firft that ever I faw ; we were brouglit into the Dutchefs's jewel houfes, which exceeded in rich jewels, as agates, fapphires, diamondi, an unicorn's horn, a tree of red coral an cU long; here wc faw alfo a bead called the tyger. From Mantua to Oftia, twenty miles; over a bridge at Mantua, a quarter of a mile long, paffing by the end of the river of Mewfe, which runneth into the river of Po, upon the which, this town ftandeth. On the other fide of the river ftandeth a fair town of the Duke of Ferrara, called Rcnache. From ^5 MARY. «555- 86 STATE PAPERS. MARY. ii! U: \^ i I ,t. MM . From Oftia to Ferrara, thirty miles; riding twelve milea by tlic river Po, and then paflfed it in a boat, and dined that day in a poft- houfe, being ten miles of this (ide of Ferrara. After dinner towards Ferrara, within two miles of it, an Earl of the country met with the Lords, and brought them within the city. Then the Prince met with them, and brought them to their lodgings, to a fair houfe of the Duke's, richly furniOied and hanged. The pavements of the houfe w^ere of fuch curious vvorks, of white marble, red, and black* that it is impoiTible to find fairer. The borders of the chambers and chimnies, of fuch jafper (lone that they might be . There ds alfo a clcfet, wherein are fuch curious works of all kind of marble, and other flone, and all of the Duke's father's doings, as they cannot be mended. This city is very flrong, for they may drown the country round about them. The town walls are very thick, and the ramparts twenty-five yards broad. There be two caftles in the city, the one in the midfl: of the town, and the other flanding upon the river of Po, both of great ftrength. The town ditch is one hundred yards over. There are three thoufand Jews in the city and above, having a temple and fchool, after their own laws. They keep the Saturday for their Sabbath. Their market is kept upon the Sunday, with filh, herbs, and other things, till twelve o'clock at noon. Upon the Sunday they eat nothing but fifh, and that which was drefled the day before j neither do they touch any money that day. Here the Ambafladors were honourably feafted, at the Duke's charges, and lodged in his palace, the Prince keeping them company all the time; the Duke himfelf was at Rome at the confecration of the Pope. The ftreets of this town be very wide, and full of excellent good building : there was a camel in this town to be feen. That day before dinner, the Lords and Gentlemen being mounted upon the Duke's horfes, excellently well trimmed, the Prince and Gentle- men rode about one part of the wall, fhewing them the commodities of the town. After dinner, they were brought about the other 9 part STATE PAPERS. wart of ttie wkllb, \rfccre they faw fuch wonderful pkafures, and ilrange things, that it was wonderful to behold ; after the which, they had a very notable banquet; the heavenly noife that was there, as well with ftrange inftruments of mufic, as otherwife, I cannot de- clare. The truth is, our entertainment here, did far exceed the beft entertainment the Lords had other where. The Duke's name is Hercules d'Efte, and the other Prince his fon, Alphonfo, who is as worthy a Prince as may be feen, and of as goodly a perfonage. H'ere we faw a tortoife a yard long and more, and half a yard broad. We met the Duke coming homewards to Ferrara, who, when he met the Lords, faluted them very lovingly, and faid, he was forry he wa» not at home, to make them better cheer. The Lords (laid at Ferrara the a6th day. From Ferrara to St. Petro in Cafale, twenty miles ; over the river of Po, riding about fix miles within the Duke of Ferrara his liberties. After that, we came into the Pope*s dominions, where the Vicelegate lent a gentleman to provide for the Lords and their train at his charges. It is but a fmall town, infomuch that the train was dif- perfed this night into three feveral places, fome two miles, fome three miles off, the lodgings there were fo fcant. Pope Marcellus- Secundus was then alive. From St. Petro to Bononia, ten miles, being met with feveral; trains of Noblemen and Gentlemen, with trumpets and drums, and fo brought into the town j but before we could recover the town gates, a mighty tempefl of rain poured down upon us. At the gates of the town, the Vice Legate and the Bifliop of Bononia, with a great company of horfemen, met the Lords, and brought them to the Vice Legate's houfe, where they were lodged. Notwithftanding this ex- treme (hower of rain, the trumpeters ftood over the gates of the Vice Legate's houfe, and blew a long time, until we were all alighted. And when the Ambaffadors went to fuppcr, there was excellent mufic of lower inftruments. The next day being the fnft of May,. there was in the morning brought in a brave May, with a number of 87 MARY. p^ iHli -' ■^ >)i V \> J \t i\ as STATE PAPERS. M A R y, o£ fliot,an ( • :•• i From Forli to Cefena, ten miles; pafTing over the river Ronco with a boat) and by a caftle named Framolct leaving a flrong town Handing on the right hand upon the ftde of a hill, with a cattle on the top of it called Bartinore. The Leger Ambaflador was received into this town as before, and lodged at the palace at the town'* charges. There is a cattle in this town, fituated upon a hill adjoin- ing to the palace : there cometh a river called Rubicon : the boys of the town being a great number, met my Lord Ambaflador without the town gate, crying Viva Inghilterra (as much as to fay) God favc England ; every one of them brought an olive branch in their hands. From Cefena to Rimino, twenty miles; leaving a town called Archangclo on the right hand. Here the Ambaflador was received and lodged as before, at the palace, at the charge of the town. It ftandeth upon the fea named II Golpho di Venetia, and hath a fmalt haven pertaining unto it; the town itfelf is of no force, but the cattle in it is very ftrong. From Rimino to Pefaro, the chlefeft town of the Dukedom of Urbino, twenty miles. The young Prince (the Duke of Urbiu'a fon) was determined to have met the Ambaflador, but being pre- vented by his fudden coming, he met with him at the flairs feet in the hall, and then received him very honourably, and brought hin» up to his lodging, which was very richly hanged, and there we were notably feafted, all at the Duke's charges. After dinner, the Dutchefs his mother fent for all the Gentlemen of our train, into a withdrawing chamber, where we found her fitting in a rich chair, the Prince her fon flanding by her, and a great number of Ladies and Gentlewomen fitting about her. After we had all humbly done ou» duty unto her Grace, as many of us as could fpeak Italian, or French* went to entertain thefe Ladies and Gentlewomen. The reft of us, that had no language to entertain them with, yet fat down amongft them> STATE PAPERS. 9« tliem, to behold (zl^ fpe^atores formarum) the glory of their furpafling MARY, 'beauties. This heavenly and angelic troop of Ladies being thus ac- u-> commodated, and we greatly graced by their honourable prefence, on the fudden they were prefented with the mufic of the virginals, lute and viol. Then the young Prince took one of his play-fellows by the hand, and danced the paven with him, and afterwards a gal- liard ; which being ended, the Prince entreated our Gentlemen that could dance, to take out a Lady or Gentlewoman to dance withal, and io they did. The dancing ended, we departed out of the cham- ber, and there left the Dutchefs with the Ladies. This young Prince is not paft ten years of age, but he is well favoured, and excellently made in all his parts of his body. The town is not ftrong, but yet wanting no ordnance; of fmall circuit, but very well built, and paved with brick throughout. It ftandeth upon the forenamed fea, having a pretty haven, and a pleafant country joining unto it. From Pefaro to FofTcmbrone, twenty-fix miles, leaving Fano, a fair town on the left hand, by the fea-fide. The Ambaflador was lodged at the Duke's palace, and there defrayed by the Duke. The town ftandeth betwixt the mountains. Betwixt Fano and Foflem- brone, there runneth a river caled II Metro, where is a goodly plain, and there was a great battle fought betwixt the Romans and the Africans, where were flain 53,000 Africans, and gooo Romans. From Foflembrone to Cantiano, twenty miles, through a park of the Duke's, with fallow deer in it, three miles from Foflembrone, which was the firft park we faw in all Italy before : from the park to Furlo, two miles, pafling through a rock fmoothly cut out, and clofe over our heads, made by man's hand, for Hannibal to bring his army that way againft Scipio Africanus ; fo to Acqualagna, and thence to Caglie, through the town, and fo to Cantiano, all the way of an huge height, between mountains and rock, twenty miles. \ This town is but little, ftanding amongft the mountains, here all our charges were defrayed by the Duke. N 2 From •V STATE PAPERS. MARY >55S- i il f*"''''' From Cantiano to SigiIlo> twelve miles, over great mountain** pafling by Schiecoia, the hft town of the Duke of Urbine's, two miles from Sigillo. This town is- the Pope's, there we tarried the 23d and a4th day. t- .>•> '^^m > jo j" iUivMot i^a-y, Jx,n^,.> ^ <„^i ^.„ ^.,^^, From Sigillo to Perugia, twenty-two miles, very ill and dangerous way. Here the Lords met all three together again. The Pope's Vice-' Legate there, more for ihame than for any good-will hc>barc to the Lords, met them without the town gates, and brought them to the abby of St. Auguftine's without the town, where they were lodged. ■The town is very great, and halh a marvellous flrong callle in it, built by Pope Paulus Tertius. The people be all French in their hearts. For three nights together fires were made, as well upon the wallsof thecaftle, asinother places in the town, orily for joy of anew Pope * Paulus Quartus. The great, pieces of ordnance, and fmall fliot, fhot off, brave and great fireworks befides In the air. The caufe of this their great joy was fuppofed to be, becaufe the Pope was French in heart, and enemy to the emperor, notwithftanding he was a Nco- politan before born. Here we remained the 26th day : on this day all the trumpeters and drummers came to vifit the Lords, and began to play ; but anfwer was fent from the Lords, that with what friendfhip they were received and lodged, with the like they fhould receive their reward. Then they departed in great fpite and anger, flriking upon their drum heads as hard as they could lay on, they being twelve drums in number. That day, at five o'clock at night, the Vice Legate fent a prefent to the Lords, viz. three dozen and a half of capons, fix dozen of rabbets, fifteen weathers and lambs, a veal, and thirty-two facks of barley, and oats for their horfes j but for- afmuch as it was known to the Lords that the Legate had intelligence of their departure the next morning following, and confidering how ungenteelly they had been ufed before, they refufed the prefent, ren- dering few thanks. This evening, the Vice Legate fent the foldiers • Caraffa. Q of ;at mountainbarc to the lu them to the y were lodged. ig cadle in it* rench in their well upon the jr joy of a new and fmall fliot, The caufe of pe was French tie was a Nco- f : on this day ds, and began at with what Ice they fhouM ite and anger, I lay on, they :lock at night, izen and a half lambs, a veal, rfes; but for- id intelligence rtfiderlng how ; prefent, ren- nt the foldiers STATE PAPERS. of the town, being fix hundred, marching in rank to the Lords lodging, and there to honour them ; they gave three feveral vollies of fhot, and fo departed, without reward given them. Here we faw a fpecial relick forfooth of our Lady's, a ring, the firft (they ftick not to fay) that ever fhe did wear, which is not fhewed, I tell you, without great ceremony. This ring is a great ring, all of black horn, and hangeth in a pix within a tabernacle, being clad with two or three fold of lawn : that is feen in myftery as all other relicks be. When it is fliewed to any body, there is a wonderful much blcfling, kifling, kneeling and knocking; and upon either fide of the tabernacle is a great bafon, in the which two or three children of five or fix years old, do fit, and are let down in the bafon ; then the ring is to be fhewed to any body. They make us believe for- footh, that thefe children are not by meat or drink, but are marvel- loufly fed by the Holy Ghott. _ ; . From Perugia to FoTTgni, eighteen miles ; leaving a town on our left hand, called Afllfi. There was a great market fair at that time we were there. The town of Foligni ftandeth in a fair plain, having great mountains on both fides of it. From Foligni to Spoleto, twelve miles, leaving a town named Trevi on the left hand. Spoleto hath a caftle in it, (landing upon a hiH, which commandeth the town and the people. Here the Lords remained five days, even till the third of June, on which day they went from thence. The agth, the Lords received letters out of England, dated the 14th of May. This town ftandeth between the mountains, as far eaft as can be travelled that way. The Cardinal of Perugia is Governor of this town. The people are very proud and beggarly, and of no civility ; great boafters, but of no adlivity ; and much given to fecret murther, and privy f y. The vitlany is fuch, and they fo much born and maintained in it, that a boy being, as they term it, diffio- nourcd 93 M A R V, 11 r k I :; •:# 1 till' '^ ill '"1. 9'1- MA RY. '555- STATE PAPERS. noiired by his like, he will ever after feek the death of hia diflionourer. As for example, :it our being in the town, two fchool boys, one of them bearing malice to the other, coming into the fchool, and finding there the other boy his enemy, that had diftionoured him, he fuddenly cafl a ball of lead at him, and hit him over the head, that he amazed him, and having brought a dagger, he Aabbed the boy to the heart, fo that he died : the fa£l was not unpunifhed, as I did learn afterwards of certain. O what good juftice is executed in this town, and offenders puniftied to the uttermoft, as yc may hear, to the good example of other ! From Spoleto to Narni, eighteen miles; through a town named Terni, twelve miles on the way. A mile without the town, the Bifliop of Sullino met the Lords with four hundred foldiers, who was fent of purpofe to bring them to the place where they ihould dine, at the Pope's charge; there the foldiers blew off their pieces and de- parted. After dinner the Lords were brought out of the town in the like manner as they were received into it. The river of Nera run- neth on the fouth fide of the town. This town is well ftored with great ordnance and fmall fhot ; the caftle in it ftandeth upon a very high hill, and the town upon the fide of a hill, and a goodly plain on the one fide, and great mountains on the other fide. When we came near to Narni, the Legate met the Lords a mile without the town, as before, and brought them to their lodgings, lying at the Pope's charges, and had a prefent fent them from the Legate of the town. In the time oi feiiia vacant e^ which is when there is no Pope, Narni and Terni be at great wars together. From Narni to Rignano, twenty miles, paffing over the river of Tyber with a boat, to a town named Borgetto, where the Lords dined at the Pope's charges. The Lords train were lodged in field inns, and could not be fufFered to come within the town gates ; but the reafon of it, I could never yet' learn. From STATE PAPERS. 9J From Rignano to Rome, twenty-two miles; pafTing through a town called Caftello Novo, eight miles from Rignano, and fo fortli to La Prima Porta 7. M. where tlic Lords dined at the Pope's charges, and thence to Rome, being fevcn miles. This Prima Porta, liath the name of the firfl old gate in Rome, when Rome flourinied, a3 appeareth by the old ruins of the walls. After dinner, within a mile of Rome, we pafled over a bridge called Ponte Mole, over the river ol Tybor, and rode to a houle without the city, which Pope Julius Tertius built, where the Lords reftcd themfelves, and had a banquet. This houfe is of an excellent building, and hath fuch a notable commodity in it, all of which marble, fo curioufly wrought, fo replenifhed with ftrange fruits, and furniflied with antiquities, that be daily digged up in the ruins of eld Rome, and fome found in the river of Tyber, in fuch fort, that it doth far exceed all the buildings that ever 1 faw, except the Charter Houfc befide Pavia. Amongft which antiquities there are two marble pillars, of fuch mixture of colours, white and black, being five cubits long, and a yard about in the greateft part, which two pillars. Pope Julius Tertius would not have given for one million of gold, and are of many men efteemed at a ioo,coo crowns. After that the Lords had refted themfelves in this vineyard three or four hours, there came now one nobleman, then another, and fometimes five or fix together, fo that there were fixteen Bifliops. The Cardinals they fent their pledges, riding upon their mules, having their mafter's hanging behind them on their backs, their mules being bravely furnifhed, and they were in number thirty- five. The Pope fent alfo the officer? of his Court, to bring in the x-orda into the city, befides his guard to wait upon them : and laft of all came a Bifhop that reprefented the Pope's Holinefs, who was accordingly honoured of the Lords : {o about fix o'clock at night, the Lords were brought into Rome in very good order, and fo conveyed to their lodgings, with trumpets and drums before them, in a fair palace, having in train 1000 horfes and ■j" mulesj M A R V. ,,1 l1,,. I^f 96 MARY. «5SS- STATE PAPERS. mules, where Cardinal Pigio lay, which rented of the D. of Farma, and removed himfelf, leaving it unto the Lords. Here the Lords lay at their own charges. This palace was of old time the bath or thermes of Julius Cxfar, as in William Thomas's book of the defcription of Italy ye may read of thermes and baths*. The two former Popes, Julius Tertius, and Marcellus Secundus, had made great provifion for the Lords in the palace of St. Mark ; the which provifion this new-created Pope, Paulus Qnartus, did fpend and cat himfelf. The eighth day at night, the Lords were fent for, and had fecrct audience, but no Englirhman fufFered to come into the chamber. The 9th day in the morning. Cardinal Caraffa, the Pope's Nephew, newly made Cardinal on the 7th day, fent the Lords a prefent, three veals, three great Parmefan cheefes made in Rome, three dozen of capons and chickens, fifty-two fpades of bacon, and torches of virgin's wax, twenty-four pounds of candles' of vir- gin's wax, ten fugar loaves, fix tons of wine, fifty quarters of barley, and oats for their horfcs. The loth day, the Lords went to the Court, accompanied with divers Bifhops, Noblemen and Gentlemen, and there had open au- dience. As they pafled by the caftlc of St. Angelo, the Lords were faluted with a great peal of ordnance. The Pope fat in a conclave, where he was chofcn, in a great high c!iair, having a very rich cope upon him, and a mitre of a wonder- ful price upon his head. 1 he place where he fat was railed in, that the people might not come and trouble the Orator. The Cardinals fat in benches, within the rails, round about the Pope's Holinefsj the Bifhop uiKlerneath them, and the Pope's fervants lay upon the ground. After my Lord my Matter, the Lord Bifliop of Ely f, had ended his oration made to the Pope, then all the Englifhmen of the Lords train were called for, and let come within the rails, to kifs the Pope's * The Editor has fecn this defcriptioii, wltith is very inferior to later ftccounts, tnd ourious only as the hint. f Dr. Thirl by. Holinefs's ••■■l STATE PAPERS. 97 Ilollnefe's foot, who had a crimfon velvet flipper on, that had a crofs MARY, of filver laid upon it. That done, the Pope hlcllcd them, and lb they departed fanftified. The nth day, the Lords invited divers Cardinals, and .it the Car- dinal of Pifa*8 houfe, I faw a live oftrich, and plucked a white fea- ther from it. The 1 ath day in the morning, the Lords heard a dirge mafs, at the Spanifh church, for the Emperor's mother, where we had every one of us a taper given us, to hold all mafs time in our hands. This day dined with the Cardinal Caraffa, at a place called Belvedere, as much as to fay, fair to look on, fo called, becaufeit ftandeth in fo good an air, and hath the moft pleafant profpeds of all the palaces which are in Rome. After dinner, the Lords went to vifit other Cardinals which lay in the Pope's Court, and fo went up to the chamber of prefcnce, to wait upon the Pope, that came out to evcn-fong. When they came firft into the prefcnce, they found but one Cardinal there, who very curjjoufly entertained them. Afterwards there came two of the Cardinals together, and fometimes three, and fo came till ihcy made the number of thirty : and ever as they came over the bridge of St. Angelo, whether it were one, two, or three Cardinals together, fo many as they were, fo many pieces of ordnance were flaot o(f the caftle for an hour. That the Pope is bound to obferve to his well beloved brethren, whenfoever they pafs the bridge, whether they come to the Court or no. Alfo, as the Cardinals do come to the outer gates of the Pope's palace, a drum and fife do give warning of their coming. Within half an hour after the Cardinals were come into the prefence chamber, there came the Pope's Holinefs out of his privy chamber among them. They all rifing up at the fight of him, bowed thcmfelves, ducking friar fafhion, and the Pope likewife to them again. Then he being led by two Cardinals to a little fide tabic in the chamber, they both did help him to put on his robes, pertaining to his Holinefs. His robes being put on him, he went on this manner O towards i ill ■ .If. a 1 / !l 'I." , ]")"% I 98 STATE PAPERS. MARY, towards the chapel to Even-fong, attended upon as foUoweth : Firft, the officers of his houfhold, being a great number, before him, all in fcarlet gowns. After them followed two, carrying each of then a mitre, and two officers next them with filver rods in their hands. Then the Cardinals having a crofs borne before them, and every Cardinal his feveral pillar borne next before himfelf. After them cometh the Pope's Holinefs in a chair of crimfon velvet, wrought with gold, having fixteen more fpare men waiting upon the chair. Thus going to the chapel, two fervants going before him, crying ftill Abaffij, Abaffo (which is to fay, kneel down, Mafters), he fitting, bleffing all the way as he went to Even-fong ; which being done, the Pope returned, in like manner, to his chamber again. The next day, being the 13th, his Holinefs went through St. Peter's church to Mafs, to the chapel of St. Peter, in like manner as before, faving that he had two triple crowns borne before him, of an ineftimable value, which he had not before. So Mafs being faid, he went in proceffion, in this order following : Firft, went the Friars, and every parifh by themfelves with their crofs, all having white torches in their hands. Next to them followed the Pope's officers all in fcarlet gowns and black velvet coats j then the Priefts and finging men of the Pope's chapel ; then Bifhops, to the number of fifty- eight, all of them having mitres of white linen cloth on their heads, and copes on their backs. After them followed the Car- dinals, having mitres of white daniafk, and tunicles upon their backs, with their crofles and pillars borne before them, as above faid. Then came the Pope's Holinefs, and next before him went the guard, being a great number, the Pope bejng carried in his chair as before mentioned, having a little table before him, whereupon flood the facrament, and two men going before him with great broad fans made of peacocks tails, to keep the fun and flies from his holy face. The mofl: part of his Cardinals had alfo the like fans before them. After the Pope, followed a troop of light horfemen, to the number of STATE PAPERS. 99 eth: Firft, him, all in en a mitre, Then the 'ardinal his :ometh the with gold, Thus going ftiU Abaffo, ng, bleffing e, the Pope through St. like manner fore him, of *s being faid, it the Friars, aving white s officers all and finging ber of fifty- th on their d the Car- iipon their 71, as above e him went his chair as reupon flood ,t broad fans is holy face, efore them, the number of of fixty-four, well armed and appointed. And thus was the order MARY. of the Pope's going in proceffion. Now, at the Pope's fetting out * « — -J of the gates of his palace with the proceffion, all the Pope's trum- peters ftood there and founded. Then was there a warning piece fhot off to the caftle of St. Angelo, whereupon the caftle gave a great peal of ordnance, which continued a long time. To write any thing of the antiquities of Rome, I thought it need- lefs, confidering they are truly and notably fet forth in William Thomas's book, of the Defcriptioa of Italy. We remained at Rome fourteen days. The fixteenth day the Lords dined and.fupped with the Pope at the palace of St. Mark. After dinner they went to vifit the Car- dinals they had not fpoken with before, and the fame night they took their leave of the Pope, who gave my Lord Montague a table dia- mond, with a ring, efteemed at aoco crowns;, and my Lord of Ely - my mafter, a crofs of gold. They made great bonfires in Rome, becaufe we were reconciled to the church of Rome, and the caftle (hot off much ordnance. We faw a world of relicks, very ridiculous and incredible, viz. the pidlure of Chrift:, called La Sudaria, lively as he was upon the earth. One of the nails that Chrift was nailed with to the crofs. The flairs Chrift went up on going to be examined and judged of Pilate ; upon which ftairs he had a fall; and with his elbow, to fave himfelf, he made a great hole in the ftairs, the which is covered over with a grate of filver; unto the which there is made a great offering. The table that Chrift made his laft fupper upon with his difciples. The crown of thorns where- with Chrift was crowned, upon the crofs, cum miiltis a/iis quae per^ fcrihere longum ejl. Note here, the whole number of miles from London to Rome. Accounting the leagues in France two Englifli miles a league, and thofc in Savoy and Piedmont, at three every league, though fome miles in Savoy be more ; yet becaufe the Italian miles be fhorter O 3 than IM 'ill ill; ;■ xoo STATE PAPERS. M ARV. >5SS- U— V ' fe-r I i than the Englifli, I let them borrow of the leagues in Savoy, account- ing all as Englifh miles ; by which account, all together make up one thoufand one hundred and fifty-eight miles. The Ead of our Journey to Rome. Our yourney from Rome, through Germany , and fo to London, "DROM Rome to Rignano, twenty miles. From RIgnano to Narni, twenty miles. From Narni to Spoleto, eighteen miles. From Spoleto to Foligni, twelve miles. From Foligni to Sigillo, twenty- four miles ; to Nocera to dinner, twelve miles. From Sigillo to Urbino, twenty-two miles j and to Caglie to dinner, feventeen Riiles. This town is the principal town of the Duke's, and flandeth upon the top of a high hill, but of no great ftrength. The Duke was in the town at our coming thither. There we faw Polydore Virgilius* grave, who died not palling a month before we came thither. Here they all remained one day, which was the 26th. From Urbino to Rimino, twenty-four miles, calling at Monteliore, to dinner, twelve miles. From Rimino to Cefena, twenty miles. From Cefena to Imola, thirty miles. From Imola to Bononia, twenty miles; where we ftaid the firft day of July. From Bononia to Crocetta, fourteen miles, by a caftle named St. Zunan, of great force, and well watered. From Crocetta to Concordia, twenty-five miles, pafiing over the river of Panaro upon a bridge in a little vil- lage called Bonporto, riding a long lime the river of Secchia, which cometh to this town, and meeteth the Po ten miles from Concordia. This town belongeth to the Principality of Mitandula, and was burnt three years -^^H by the Pope Julius, with others for difpleafure. From STATE PAPERS. loi From Concordia to Mantua, twenty-two miles, paffing the river M a R y. 1555. of Secchia, riding through a town called St. Benedetto, where we paffed the river of Po. There we inned at the Black Morian. The Duke of Mantua his revenue by year, was but one thoufand ducats, but afterwards the Duke his father increafed it thirty thou- fand ducats more, by marriage with a Nobleman's daughter in Italy, an heirefs. The Duke that is now, was but the fecond brother. He is very uncomely of perfon, fquint-eyed, crook-backed, and but fif- teen years old. His elder brother was drowned by misfortune, being a fifliing in a boat, in the lake that is about the town. The third brother was put to the King's Court to learn French; but the French King will no more let him come home as yet ; fome think he will marry to one of his daughters, that after the deceafe of the Duke his brother, he being the next heir, might enjoy the Dukedom of Mantua. The fourth brother is a Biftiop. The Duke's uncle being Cardinal of Mantua, is Governor of this town. Here I faw a mill to wind filk, which was a notable piece of work. From Mantua to Bofolingo, twenty-two miles, through a town called Villa Franca, a ftreight, by which they muft pafs that come from Mantua to Venice by land, or from Mantua to Trent; in the which ftreight are fuch exceptions as I have not known before ; for no man can pafs that way, but he muil pay the value of an Englifli penny, and yet is it not gathered for the repairing of an high-way or bridges. There be two men that farm this ftreight of the Venetians yearly, for one hundred and fifty crowns. By this town runneth the river of Adige, the fwifteft river that ever I faw, which falleth into the gulph of Venice. From Bofolingo to Paw, twenty-two miles, pafllngover the river of Adige, and riding through two towns, Sereigne and Bergetto, ftand- ing both between mountains, upon the river of Adige. At Sereigne is a ftreight called La Chiufa, having notable rocks on the one fide of. m fJVJ 103 STATE PAPERS. MARY ¥*;: ■■ it! of it, and the river on the other fide, being well fortified with ordnance and munition, as the Venetians have all their ports for the moft part, fo that there is very hard paflage without licence. Thefe two towns Bergetto and Paw, belong to the King of the Ro- mans. The Cardinal of Trent is Governor of them. From Paw to Trent, twenty-two miles, riding all the way by the river of Adige, and between mountains, palling through a goodly town of the King of the Romans, called Roveredo, where we dined at the fign of the Star. It hath in it a very ftrong caftle ftand- ing upon a rock. Trent ftandeth upon the river of Adige, but it is of no force, neither great, nor much fair building in it, his own palace or cafile excepted, which is wonderful beautiful, and very richly furnifhed. The Cardinal is abfolute Lord and Governor of the town ; he hath a guard of fifty men to w ait upon him, befides a great number of gentlemen and other fervitors. He is a Dutchman born, and cometh of a very noble houfe; but in his houfe-keeping , he fheweth himfelf an Italian, to keep bare cheer, and a mean table; notwithftanding this Cardinal is more honourably ferved in his houfe, for the cheer he keepeth, than any other that I have feen, and is very rich. I faw two oftriches at his houfe, the one rufl'et, the other black. Here we faw a child, whom the Jews had martyred many years paft, all his body pricked with needles. We inned at the fign of the Rofe, and remained there three days, the 8th, 9th, and loth. The refl: of the journey homewards is omitted as not material. 't 4 il-^';'K STATE PAPERS. No. vr. Letters concerning Calais, [Queen Mary fald, during her laft illnefs, that after fhe was dead, they would find Calais lying at her heart. — It appears from the papers contained in this article, which have been thought to de- ferve publication, that the lofs of it, which happened foon after, was owing to the negligence of her Council, in not fupplying that place and Guifnes, with fufHcient garrifons and ammunition.] The Council of Calais to the ^een, IT may pleafe your Highnefs to underftand. That where, upon circumfpedl confideration and view of your Majefty's ftore here of munition and other habiliments for war, there is prefently found not only a great want in many kinds thereof, but alfo fuch a decay in divers other things, as the fame are not ferviceable, and will be utterly loft if they be not with fpeed repaired and put in better eftate; as this bearer, Mr. Highfield, mafter of your ordnance here, can declare more amply the particularities thereof, either unto your Majefty, or unto fuch of your Council, as fhall pleafe your Highnefs to direct him ; we have thought it our bounden duties to be moft humble fuitors unto your Majefty, that it would pleafe the fame to give im- mediate order, as well for the fupplement of the faid lacks, as alfo for your warrant to be addreflTed hither, for the repairing of all other things requifite to be done Vvithin his office. And thus we continually pray Almighty God for the long prefcr- vaiion of your Highnefs in moft profperous eftate. From your town of Calais the 23d of May 1557. I Your Majefty's, &c. May 23,- ;jt ^,i:,(i^:f j, VI . i I'M:- Decemb. 27. 18 TATE PAPERS. Ziord Wetttwortht Lord Grey^ &'c, to the ^een. /^UR boiinden duties moft humbly remembered unto your High- nefs ; Upon the receipt of the intelligences fent unto your Majefty this other day, from me your Grace's deputy, I forthwith difpatched to my Lord Grey, requiring his Lordfhip to repair to this town, that we might together confult of the ftate of your Highnefs's places and country on this fide. So his Lordfhip coming hither, we have conferred together our feveral intelligences, and finding the fame in effedt to agree, it hath very much augmented our fufpicion, that this train now meant by the enemy fhould be made towards your High- nefs's country or places. Whereupon we all together have confi- dered the ftate of the fame, and faid our opinions therein, as it may appear unto your Highnefs by thefe articles we fend herewith to your Majefty, which we have thought our duties to fignify unto you. Moft humbly befeeching your Highnefs to return unto us your pleafure therein. So we pray Jefu grant your Majefty long and profperous reign. At your town of Calais, 37th Dec. 1557* Your Highnefs's, &c. Our Confultation made the 2'] th Decern, 1557. ■plRST, Having no fupplement of men other than is prefently there, we think it meeteft, if the enemy fhould give the attempt, to abandon the town (which could not be without very great danger of the caftle), and defend the turnpike, which is of the more import- ance, becaufe that way only, in necelTity, the relief to the caftle is to be looked for. Item, There is great want of wheat, buuer, cheefe, and other viduals. Itemy STATE PAPERS. 105 rour High- )ur Majefty difpatched I this town, lefs's places ;r, we have the fame in )n, that this your High- have confi- 1, as it may herewith to fignify unto irn unto us /lajefty long 557' is prefently le attempt, reat danger ore import- the caftle and other IteiHy Itetftt It is requifite to have fomc men of eftimation and fervice to MARY, be there* that might he able to take the charge in hand, if either ficknefs or other accident fhould fortune to me the Lord Grey ; which I the faid Lord Grey the rather require by reafon of Sir Henry Pal- mer's hurt, being of any other perfon at this prefent utterly unfur- nifhed. Hampnes Castle. Item, We think the fame fufficiently furniflied of men for the fudden ; albeit, this hard and frofty weather, if it continue, will give the enemy great advantage, yet we put in as much water as is poifible. Of victuals, that place is utterly unprovided, except the Captain's (lore. It is alfo thought meet to have there fome man of eftimation and fervice, for the refpedts contained in the article of Guifnes, which alfo the Lord Dudley requires. Newnambridge. Itenti We think it meet, upon the occaflon to withdraw the bands from the Caufeway thither ; and then are of opinion, the fame to be fufficient to defend that place for a feafon, unlefs the enemy fliall get between this town and the bridge. It is clean without victuals other than the Captain's own pro- vifion. Rysbank. Becaufe that place Aandeth upon the Tea, and by the fhore fide may the enemy come in a night to it, we think it meet to appoint thither a band of the low country under the leading of Capt. Dodd. It is altogether unfurni(hed of victuals, other than for the Captain's own ftorc. P Calais. i V ,( i' w m ■■i r. ifiJil 106 STATE PAPERS. I 3m MARY. »5S7- Wx -■':'t, I: m Calais. Whereas all your Majefty's places on this fide make account t& be furnifhed of viduals and other neceflarics from hence; it is fo» that of viduals your Highnefs hath prefently none here, and alfo this town hath none, by reafon that the reftraint in the realm hath been fo ftrait, as the vi£tuallers as were wont to bring daily hither good quantities of butter, cheefe, bacon, wheat, and other things, might not of late be fufFered to have any recourfe hither, ■whereby is grown a very great fcarcity of all fuch things here. Finally, forafmuch as all the wealth and fubftance of your Majefty*8 whole dominion on this fide, is now in your low country, a thing not unknown to the enemy, and if with this his great power coming down (as the bruit goeth), for the vidualling of Arde, he will give attempt upon your Highnefs's country, we do not fee that the fmall number here (in refpeiSl of their force) can by any means de- fend it. And if we (hould ftand to refift their entry into the country, and there receive any lofs or overthrow, the country fhould neverthelefs be overrun and fpoiled, and befides it would fet the enemy in a glory, and alfo be the more peril to your Highnefs's places. We therefore upon the neceffity, think it meet to gather all our men into ftrengths, and with the fame to defend your places to the uttermoft ; notwithilanding all the power on this fide is far infufficient to defend the places, in cafe the enemy fliall tarry any fpace in the fieldt Wentworth, Grey, &c. STATE PAPERS. loy ■I I 7%e Lord Weniworthy Deputy of Calais^ to the ^cen» MARY. 1557-8. Janiiaiy i. TT may plcafe your Highncfs. Having retired the Bands from the Caufeway the lafl: night, and placed them at the bridge, and tvithin the brayes ; this morning early I returned them to the faid Caufeway, to defend that paflage in cafe the enemy would attempt to enter there, and alfo to offer fkirmifli to take fome of thcmi and I to learn fbmewhat of their power. Between nine and ten the enemy I Ihowed in a very great bravery about fix enfigns of footmen, and % certain horfemen, and came from the chaulk pitts down the hill towards the caufeway. Whereupon fome of ours iffiied and offered the fkirmifli, but the enemy would in no wife fcem to meddle. During this their flillnefs, they caufed about two hundred Harque- bufiers to cut over the marfhes from Sandgate, and get between ours and the bridge, and then to have hotly fet on them on both fides. In this time alfo, at a venture, I had caufed your Majefly's Marfhall with the horfemen to go abroad, and maintain the fkirmifli with the footmen, and by that the Marfhall came there, the enemy's Harque- bufiers that pafTed the marflies were difcovered, and ours fuddenly took a very honefl retire, which the enemies on the land fide per- ceiving, came on, both horfemen and footmen, marvellous hotly ; to whom ours gave divers onfets, continually fkirmifliing till they came to the bridge, and there repofed themfelves. The bridge beftowed divers fhot upon the enemy, and hurt fome. Of ours, thanked be God, none flain nor hurt, but a man at arms fliicken in the leg with a currior. The alarm continued till one o'clock in the after- noon, before the end whereof our enemy's number increafcd; for eleven enfigns more of footmen came in fight, and three troops of horfemen ; befides, the alarm went round about our country at that inftant, even from Sandgate to Guifnes, and bands of the enemy at P 2 every III m t I hf io8 MARY. 1557-8. I 1,1 1^' ' li *' I STATE PAPERS. every paflage. They have gotten Froyton church, and plant them- felves at all the freights into this country. The bulwarks of Froyton and Nefle have this day done their duty very well, to whom I have this afternoon fent aid of men, and feme fhot and powder. Howbeit I am in fome doubt of Nefle this night. I am perfedly advertifed their number of horfemen and footmen already arrived, is above 13,000, whereof little lefs have come in fight here. The Duke of Guife is not yet arrived, but hourly looked for with a more number. This evening I have difcovered five hun- dred waggons laden with vidiual and munition, and have further per- fect intelligence, that thirty cannons be departed from Boulogne hitherwards. They are fettled at Sandgate, Galley Moat, Caufe- way, Froyton, Calkewell, Nefle, and Syntrecafe. At one o'clock after midnight, I look for them, being low water '♦ the paflTage over the haven. Thus having fet all things in the bed order I can, I make an end of three days work, and leave your Majeily to confider for our fpeedy fuccour. Befeeching God to grant your Highnefs vidlory, with long and profperous reign. At your town of Calais9 this New Year's Day, at nine in the night, 1557. I have received your Majefty's letter by the Mafter of the Ord- nance, who came in this morning. The contents whereof I will follow as near as I can. Your Highnefs*s mofl: humble and obedient fervant and fubjed, Wentworth, STATE PAPERS. tog Lord Wentworth to the ^een. MARY. , '557-8- ^ January 2. id footmen je come in irly looked 1 five hun- urther per- i Boulogne )at, Caufe- ane o'clock lafTage over ,er I can, I to confider r Highnefs ^ of Calais* the Ord- reof I will ,V0RTH. '^ FTER my humble duty remembered, it may pleafe your High- nefs, this lad night our enemies lay flill, -without any thing attempting in the places mentioned in my lad letters, as we did well perceive during the whole night, by great fires made in the fame places. This morning early, I put out frefli footmen to the bridge, to relieve the watched men. About nine o'clock, the enemies in very great number approached the bridge, and offered the ikirmifli; whereupon iflued out fome of our Harquebufiers and Bowmen, and kept them in play, with the help of the fhot from the bridge, more than an hour; and in the end, being overmatched with multitudej made their retire within the turnpike without any lofs or hurt. The enemies fhadowing themfelves under the turnpike wall, with their curriors (which aflfuredly ihot very great bullets, and carry far) kept themfelves in fuch furety, as our pieces of the bridge could not annoy them, till at eleven o'clock, certain of ours bored holes with auger through the turnpike, and with harquebufles beat them out into the {hot of ordnance, and fo made them retire to the Caufe- way. This forenoon certain Swifles and Frenchmen, to the number of five hundred, got within the marflies between Froyton and Nefle bulwarks; and the men of the bulwarks feeing themfelves to be compafTed on all fides, and feeing alfo that time yet ferved them well to depart, and fearing they fhould not fo do, if they tarried till' they were aflailed on both fides (as they could not indeed) forfook their bulwarks, and right manfully, notwithftanding the enemies be- tween them and home, faved themfelves through the marfhcs. In the 9 retire no STATE PAPERS. MARY. 1557-8. i.^-' n m retire of the enemies, one Cookfon, a man at arm8, and few other foldiers, with the countrymen, refcued moft part of the booty (which was certain kinc) and took three prifoners of the Captain of Abbe- ville's band. The report of this cnterprize of the enemy being brought to me, fearing Colham Hill, I forthwith appointed your Majcfty's Marlhal with the Horfemen, and two hundred footmen, to repair thither, and as they fhould fee their match, fo to demean themfclves. Ere thefc men had marched a quarter of a mile, the enemies were retired out of the country, upon occafion, that wading as they entered in up to the girdle ftead, and perceiving the water to increafe, thought good to make a fpeedy return : and neverthe- Icfs, for all their haile, went up to the breafl, and if they had tarried a little longer, I had put in fo much water, as I think would have put them over head and ears ; and God willing, at the next tide I will take in more. This afternoon they have jjeen quiet, and we the mean time be occupied in cutting up of paflages to let in more water about the bridge, and that part of the marflics, whereby the enemies fliall have very ill watering. I would alfo take in the fait water about the town, but I cannot do it, by reafon I fliould infe<5l our own water, wherewith we brew, and notwithftanding all I can do, our brewers be fo behind-hand in grinding and otherwife, as we ihall find that one of our greatcft lacks. I therefore make all the hafte and provifion I can there, and howfoevcr the matter go, muft fliortly be forced to let in the fait water. - ,. . The three men taken to-day be very ragged, and ill appointed. In examining, they confcfs that there is great mifery in their camp, and great want of money and vidtuals. They fay, and I partly believe it, bccaufe it alniull appeareth to me, their number to be 25,000 footmen, whereof 10,000 Swifles, and 10,000 horfemen. The Duke of Guife is already among them, and the only devifcr and leader of this enterprife. They fay alfo, a ihot from the bridge to the Caufe- • way : I ^1 STATE PAPERS. w.iy ycftcrdny, nruck ofF the Mafler of the cainp^ Ipc, cnlled Cap- tain Gouulaiilt. I am alio pcrfctflly advertifcd, boih hy thd'e men and otherwife, that they have no great <;rdnance yet come, but Uwk for it daily by fca ; it is eighty pieces, whereof thirty be cannons, and arc laden, with munition and viduals, in vclTcls, which fliall land at Sandgate, or rather I thiak at Boulogne, and to be taken out of the great fhips, and fo again embarked to Sandgatc in Icflcr vef- fcls, as they have done moft part of their viiluals and carriage that they have hitherto occupied. And furely if your Maj^Hy's fliips had been on this flvire, they might either have letted tlicir voyage, or at the Icall very much hindered it, and not unlike to have dillreffed them, being only fmall boats. Their ordnance that comes fliall be conveyed in the fame fort, it may therefore pleafe your Majcfty to confidcr it. I have alfo now fully difcovered their enterprize, and am (as a man may be) moft furethey will firft attempt upon Ilyfbanke, and that way chiefly aflail the town. Marry 1 think they lie hover- ing in the country, for the coming of their great artillery, and alfo to be mafters of the fea. And therefore I truft your Highnefs will hafte over all things necefliary for us with expedition. Under your Majefty's reformation, I think, if yo i pleafed to fct the paflage at liberty for all men to come that would, bringing fullicicnt viduals for themfclves for a feafon, I am of opinion here would be enow, and with more fpeed than can be made by order. Marry then muft it well be forefeen to tranfport wiih expedition viduals hither. I have written to the King's Majefty, o the enemy s being here, and was bold humbly to befeech his Majefty to give commiflion to the Governors of his frontiers, I might, in necefTity upon my letter, have three or four hundred harquebufiers Spaniards, that now be placed about St. Omer's, whereof I thought it my duty to advertife your Majefty foi ur pleafure, whether I may write to the Governors to that cfFe -M ) 114 STATE PAPERS. It .! MARY, bearer, moft humbly defiring aid from him, according to the cfFedl « , ' aforcfaid. I might now very evil have fpared this bringer, my fcr- vant and triifly officer here, in this time of fervicc. Howbeit con- fidering the great importance of his meflage, I thought him a meet man for the purpofe, defiring your Majefty to credit him fully, and to hear him at large, even as diredtly as your Grace would hear me, to open my mind in this complaint of imminent danger. Thus trufting of relief and comfort forthwith from youi Majefty for the fafeguard of Calais, and other your places here, I take my leave mofl: humbly of your Grace. At your Highnefs*s Caftle of Guifnes, moft afliu'cd Englifli even to the death, the 4th of January 1537, at feven of the clock in the morning. Your Majefty*s moft humble Servant, and obedient Subje(5l, ^" GREY. '\- "i m STATE PAPERS. The 14th day the Lord of St. John's (as I am Informed) was ear- ned with the Cardinal, and preffcd him for fome refolution, touch- ing his charge. The Cardinal anfwered him, that the King's Council had confidered the aflPairs he was fent for, and found, that the King and Queen's fubjeds of Scotland, fought to deprive the King and Queen of the right of pre-eminence of the realm of Scot- land, and to reduce it to the form of a republic ; which he faid the King and Queen could in no wife endure, as they fliould right well perceive. The Lord of St. John's ufed as good means as he could to perfiiade the contrary to the Cardinal, who faid, Ufe no more words to perfuade me in the matter, for we fee too thoroughly into it, and (quoth he) what meancth this dealing, that they fend you hither in poft, and fend a great legation to the Queen of England, with great fliow and pomp ? I fpeok it not becaufe we take excep- tions to you, as though you were not meet enough to take the charge of the matter, but we do fee the little reverence they have towards their Sovereigns, and the great eftimation they have of the Queen of England ; and it appeareth by their doings, that they defire all ilic world fliould fee it. But my Lord, quoth the Cardinal, you ihall not need to trouble yourfelf any more with the matter, for you iliall have your difpatch the 17th of this month, and the King and Qiiccn mind to fend two Gentlemen into your country fliortly, who ihall declare on their behalf, the rcafons why the King and Queen refufe to ratify your treaty. The ijih of this prefent, after the King had dined, the Cardinal fent a Gentleman unto me, to accompany me to the Court, where being arrived, Monf. de Lanfac, a Knight of the Order, entertained me a while, in the chamber next to the King's chamber, until tlie Cardinal of Lorrain came unto me, out of the King's chamber (after I had paulcd with the faid de Lanfac), unio whom I faid, Monficiir Cardinal, you do well remember, that upon Sunday lad at my lafl audience, renewing on the Queen my Miftrefs's behalf to the King, S the 189 E L I Z A- B E T H. 4., i^r 136 STATE PAPERS. f ( , '*■ ■-i I'] ^Ve t^h'^ tlie demand for the King and Queen's ratification of the treaty con- cluded and accorded in Scotland, by the deputies of both their Majefties, the King and you anfwered me, that when his Majefty and his Council had thoroughly confidered the matters of Scotland, which fhould be within three or four days, I fhould have my an- fwer, and for that now five days be paft, and I hear nothing of the King's pleafure, and alfo I being, by late letters from her Majefty, commanded to renew again the demand for the ratification, have defired audience, to put the King in remembrance thereof. The Cardinal anfwered, that the King was a little impeached, and. therefore I muft a while take patience ; but, quoth he, as unto the ratification of the treaty, the King being a. Prince of honour^ meaneth to proceed thereafter, and will promife nothing but he will perform, and therefore he will look well to what he promifeth. The Princes, quoth he, be equal, and the King doth not mean fo to derogate from himfelf, as to begin to do an adt firft, thereby to abafe himfelf. In thefe cafes the Princes muft execute together, and, quoth he, you muft not take it, that the King doth look for any pre-eminence at the Queen, your Miftrefs's l.ands. The King and his Council, quoth he, have feen all that the Mafter of St. John's hath brought; and otherwife alfo undcrftandeth the truth of their proceedings in Scotland, which is fo far out of order, as if your Miftrefs were arbiter, fhe would not think meet, that the Ki«g fhould ratify the treaty, as we ftiall give her to underftand by fuch Mir nifters, as the King doth mean prefently to fend into Scotland, through England. I faid unto the Cardinal, Monfieur, doth not the King mean to ratify the treaty ? You fhall anon, quoth the Cardinal, know the King's pleafure therein. I faid unto him, the Queen my Miftrefs will find it very ftrange, if there be any more delays ufed in that behalf, and becaufe you are, quoth I, the King's principal Counfellor, I will declare t unto hip )leafiire it very becaufe declare unto STATE PAPERS. iinto you the occafions that the Queen my Miftrefs hath to find her- felf grieved, and very ftrange handled of a Prince, that pretendetU to bear her amity. Firfl, I will pafs over all the evafions that have been hitherto ufed, touching the ratification of the treaty, which you know have been many, and I will remember you, that contrary to the exprefs word* of the treaty, the King doth the Queen my Miftrefs this injury, as to bear yet her arms quartered with his, as hath been moft mani- feftly feen, at his entry at St. Dennis, and laftly at this town, where they hang yet openly upon every gate, and here at the court-gate very notorioufly. Moreover, the Queen, my Miftrefs's fubjeds, be daily fpoiled at the fea, either by the King's fubjeds, or by pirates of this nation ; and no reftitution can be had by any means, fo as there is no diffe- rence between your peace and war. Thirdly, The Queen my Miftrefs, doth underftand, that in fundry ports of this realm, as at Havre de Grace and in other places, there be Ihips prepared to do either fuch like enterprifes or worfe, and it is not alfo unknown that all along the coaft, there is preparation to make a navy to the fea. Her Majefty doth alfo underftand of the ahiafling of forces by land, as well in this realm as elfewhere in Almain and Switzerland j and now laftly, confidering, after fo many promifes, thefe new de- lays to be ufed for the ratification of the treaty, will move the Queen my Miftrefs, together with thefe former injuries, and caufes of fuf- picion, occafion to hold the King's meaning greatly fufpeded. And finally, the Queen is advcrtifed, that your galleys, whicli lately arrived at Nantz, there to winter, be now viduallcd, and fliall fliortly be brought into the narrow feas j and albeit, quoth I, your force gathered by land, may feem to have forae colour rcafonahlc, for the appeafing of the tumults in this realm j yet there is no caufe S 2 Avhy '3^ E >L I 5: A- BETH- Ni" i;ii|i 1 1 132 STATE PAPERS. 1^^- ^bVt^h? " ^^^ *^* preparing of an army by fea, fliould ferve to any fuch purpofe. The Cardinal anfwered, as unto the ufing and bearing of the arms of England, the King and the Queen did ufe them, as you know of long time before, and not without reafon and title, as it is thought. We fee no reafon why the King fliould leave his right, until others do that which they are bound to do : for where you allege for your purpofe the treaty, we fay it is no treaty until it be ratified, and then there is no reafon why the King and Queen Ihould in that behalf more fatisfy your Miflrefs than flie fliould fa- tisfy them, nor we begin before flie begin. I told him, your Majefty had performed all things on your part* that was required by the treaty, and further, had fliewn great kind- nefs and pleafures to fundry of the King's Minifters, as in lending them money, in tranfporting their people forth of Scotland, in re- tiring your force from thence, and difarming your navy | and in recompence hereof, there was nothing done on their behalfs. The Cardinal faid, I will tell you frankly ; the Scots, the King's fubjeds, do perform no point of their duties ; the King and the Queen hath the name of their Sovereigns ; and your Miftrefs hath the effeft and the obedience. They would bring the realm to a republic, and fay in their words, they be the King's fubjedls. To tell you of the particular diforders, quoth he, were too long ; every man doth what h€ lift : all this is too far out of order, and when fault is found with them, they threaten the King with the aid of the Queen your Miftrefs : let your Miftrefs either make them obedient fubjefts, or let her rid her hands of them ; for rather than they ftiall be at this point, the King will quit all. They have made a league with the Queen your Miftrefs, of themfelves, without us. What manner of dealing is this of fubjeds ? Thereupon it is they bear themfelves fo proudly. What conveniency is there in their 3 doings ? ■ rFf- STATE PAPERS. '33 doings ? They have fent hither a mean man in poft to the King and ELIZA- Qiicen, their Sovereigns, and to the Queen, your Miftrefs, a great and folemn legation. To be plain with you, quoth he, the King cannot like thefe doings. As I told you the King meaneth to fend two Gentlemen ; firft, to the Queen your Miftrefs, to inform her of the things where the King is offended, and the caufe why he refufeth the ratification of the treaty ; and they fhall pafs into Scot- land, to declare unto them the King and Queen's pleafure. And where you fay your Miftrefs hath in all things performed the treaty, we fay the Scots do by- her countenance perform no point of the treaty; and moreover ftie hath broken the old treaty, in giving paflport and licence to the King's fubjeds of Scotland, to come into England ; and for that purpofe neither motion hath been made by our Ambaflador, nor letter from the King nor Qiieen, their Sove- reigns, granted them in that behalf. As to the fpoiling, quoth the Cardinal, of your Miftrefs's fubjeds at the fea i this complaint is too general ; you have made but one complaint unto us particularly, and what fpeedy and favourable dif- patch the plaintiff's had, I report me to yourfelf, and to them. We could remember you of divers particular matters, whereof we have but cold redrefs. If you inform us of the depredations, and the oft'enders, and then can get no redre^, then you have caufe to com- plain, and to charge us. As to the equipage of the fiiips, quoth he, at Havre de Grace, and in other places, true it is, the Admiral doth fet forth four or five, fome for Brazil, and fome for Mina *. Of thefe there is no caufe why you fhould be jealous. The Ambaflador of Spain was in hand with us for the fame purpofe. The Admiral hath afcertained him with his own hand, that they are for thefe voyages, and if there be any other matter in it, it will coft him his head.. We are not fo i!!;.^:; U"'-'. * On the Guinea coaft» jealous. li'-ti tu ;) vi Hi- •ij •■"111 . !l i in y ! <34 E L I Z / BETH. STATE PAPERS. jealous of your preparations of five or fix Ihips, which be ready tO» come forth of Thamife. As to the aflembling of our forces by land, quoth the Cardinal* vre have brought thorn from Picardy hither into the midft of the realm, you had mote '^aufe to fufped (hem being at Picardy than where they be, I am fucc you know as well as we where they be. For Almatn and Switzerland, I aiTure you of mine honour, wc levy not a man ; indeed, our Ck>mmiiraries be gone to warn our Co- lonels, to be ready when we ihall have need of them. As to the galleys, quoth he, we cannot fuflPer our men to be un- ^idlualled ; but they be in no readinefs to make a voyage ; for many of our chief men be gone to Marfeilles, there to winter ; but what mnd the King do remove them to fome other place, will you be jea- lous if the King do remove his iKips or galleys, from one port to another upon his own coaft, as his affairs requireth, or the more commodious harbour for them? we be not fo quarrelling nor jealous when your (hips go from one place to another. This great legation forth of Scotland, quoth he, goeth for the marriage of the Queen your Miftrefs with the Earl of Arran, what ihall (he have with him ? I think, quoth he, her heart too great to marry with fuch one as he Is, and one of the Queen's fubjefts. But to conclude with you, quoth the Cardinal, the King will fee the obedience of his fubjeds, and their duties better performed, before he ratify the treaty. I will now, quoth he, go tell the King that you have long tarried for him ; and fo he departed from me. Shortly after, I was brought to the King, whom I put in remem- brance what paffed betwixt us the loth of this month at my laft au- dience ; and that I was now come to demand his ratification of the treaty again. The King anfwered, that the Scots, his fubjefls, had in no point obferved their duty, nor no part of the treaty j and for that caufe, he STATE PAPERS, »35 he could not ratify your Majefty's treaty. I told him that your e l i z a- Majefty would find it fU'ange, that after fo many delays, the matter was now fo anfwered ; and therefore your Majefty had given me in charge to tell him on your part, and fo declared unto him all your griefs, which I did aa I had done unto the Cardinal, and fet forth unto him all the good parts ufed on your behalf towards him, the Queen his wife, and all their Minifters and fubjeds. His anfwer was, that he had not failed on hi» part to do the like ; and he would fend- two of his Gentlemen to your Majefty, to inform you of all ; and, quoth he, I am fure mine uncle the Cardinal hath anfwered you to all thofe points that you complain of; and fohe difmiiTed me. The Duke of Guife did accompany me from the King, to whom I did reiterate this ftrange manner of dealing, and recited unto him thofe your Majefly's caufes of miiliking the King's ufage and pro- ceedings towards you, as I had done to his brother. The Duke anfwered me as the Cardinal did, to every point ; and added furtlier, in anfwering the complaint of the depredations, and flow reflitution, that they had a great deal more caufe to complain, as well for fundry fpoliations made upon the King's fubjeds, by your Majefly's fubjedls, as alfo for the taking of his brotha's goods, the Marquis D'Elbeuf, as corn of tlie King and other munition, with fundry other fpoils, whereof they had but flow amends. I told him thofe matters .(if there were any fuch) were done be- fore the treaty was made ; and fo the Cardinal and. Monf. de L'Au- befpine called him from me* I defired to fpeak with the Queen mother, and fo I was brought to her by Monf. de Lanfac. The faid Queen was accompanied with the Marflial Brifac. I did repeat unto her all your Majefty's proceedings, fince the making, of the treaty, at good length, all the office that I had ufed in the de- manding the ratification ; and laflly the anfwer I had received of the King 1 i i. ! "t;: ml m 'Ml i- i 136 '.1 , i;" ' M'l^l ^ 1'^- ELIZA- BETH. STATE PAPERS.' King and his Council, together with the declaration of injuries and caufes of offence offered fundry ways unto your Majefty. I fet forth unto her, as I could, the good opinion your Majefly had always of her, and of her good affedion and inclination to maintain the King her Ton, and you in good amity and intelligence. For anfwer, fhe thanked your Majefty for your good opinion of her; and faid, you were therein nothing deceived; and it fhould always appear by her doings. As unto the ratification, (he knew the King and his Council had declared reafons unto me, for the flay of it J which your Majefty fhould know fhortly by exprefs men from the King her fon. As unto the injuries and fufpicions, fhe faid, fhe was fure the Cardinal and the Duke of Guife had opened enough unto me, to hold myfelf contented j ending, that for her part, fhe would do the beft fhe could, to keep both your Majefties, your realms, and fub- jedls, in good terms and amity. * I '' ' 'i .!'.• '-'''.u,: .> r. I . Whilft I was talking with the Queen Mother, the French Queen came in, unto whom, after the communication ended with the Queen Mother, I faid, Madame, it is not unknown to you, how the ratification of the treaty lately made in Scotland, hath feemed hitherto to have been deferred, becaufe the nobility and people of your realm of Scotland did not fend hither to the King and you, to do their duties, and now that the Queen my Miftrefs doth underftand, they have in that part, and in the name of them all, fatisfied their duty, by fending hither the Lord of St. John's to the King and you ; her Majefty hath commanded me to demand of your Majefty the ratifi- cation of the treaty, accorded and concluded by both your deputies at Edinburgh. The Queen anfwered. Such anfwer as the King my Lord and hufband, and his Council, hath made you in that matter, miglit fuflfice to anfwer you; but becaufe you fhall know I have reafon to STATE PAPERS. »37 CO do as I do, I will tell you what moveth me to refufc to ratify the ^ ^ i z a- ' . . BETH. treaty; my fubjeas of Scotland do their duty in no thing, nor have not performed one point that belongeth to them. I am, quoth flic, their Queens and fo they call me, but they ufe me not fo ; they have done what pleafeth them, and though I have not many faithful there, yet thofe few that be there on my party, were not prefent. when thefe matters were done, nor at this affembly. I will have them aflemble by my authority, and proceed in their doings after the laws of the realm, which they fo much boaft of, and keep none of them. They have fent hither a poor Gentleman to me, who I difdain to have come in the name of them all, to the King and me, in fuch a legation. They have, quoth flie, fent great perfonages to your Miftrefs. I am their Sovereign, but they take me not fo : They muft be taught tc know their duties. In this fpecch the Queen uttered fome choler and flomach againfl them. I faid, as to the Lord of St. John's, I know him not ; but he is great Prior of Scotland, and you know by others, what rank that eftate hath, equal to any Earl within your realm. The Queen anfwered, I do not take him for great Prior, for he is married ; I marvel how it happeneth, that they could fend other manner of men to the Queen your miftrefs. I faid, Madame, I have heard, that if your Majefty proceed gra- cioufly with the Lord of St. John's, in obfervation of all that which was by the Bifhop of Vallence and Monf. de Randan promifed in the King and your names ; the Nobles and State of Scotland doth mind to fend hither unto the King and you, a greater legation. Then the King and I, quoth fhe, muft begin with them. Madame, quoth I, I am forry that the ratification of the treaty is refufed for that matter, together with other injuries offered to the Queen my Miftrefs, as (contrary to the exprefs articles of the treaty) the King and you do bear openly the arms of England, which will T give ti ULi I : ■«!« ,: V.ril + M- ':' 138 3TATE PAPERS, •M ■! E L I z A- give the Queen my Mldrefs occafion greatly to fufped your welt meaning unto her. Mine uncles, quoth flic, have fufficienlly anfwercd you in thii matter : and for your part, I pray you do the office of a good Mi- nifter betwixt U8, and fo fliall you do well ; and fo the Queen dif- mifled me, and Monf. de Lanfac brought me to my horfe. Thus your Majefty may perceive my negociation with this Kingi the Queens, the Cardinal, and the Duke of Guife, touching the rati- fication, the 15th of this prefent. The Duke of Guife told me, that it was determined that MeflW. dc Noailles, late Arabaffador with your Majefly, and de Croc, were they whom the King would fend into Scotland. As touching the occurrents of this Court, it may pleafe your Ma** jefty to be advertifed, that the King of Navarre being on his way to this Court, hath had letters, as I am informed, written unto him^ of great good opinion conceived of him by this King, with all other kind of courtefics, to caufe him to repair thither. Neverthelefs, upon his coming, being accompanied with his brethren the Cardinal of Bourbon, and Prince of Conde, after they have done their reve- rence to the King and Queens, the Prince of Cond^ was brought before the Council, who committed him forthwith prifoner to the guard of Meffrs. de Brefy and Chauveney, two Captains of the guard, and their companies of 200 archers. He remaineth clofe in a houfe, and no man permitted to fpeak with him ; and his procefs is in hand. And I hear he (hall now be committed prifoner to the caftle of Loches, the ftrongeft prifon in all this realm. The King of Navarre goeth at liberty, but as it were a prifoner, and is every other day on burning, and lieth out of the town at his pleafure, and as it is judged, and as it feemeth indeed, beareth and alloweth his brother's handling. The faid King hath fmce his coming hither, fent one in poft to Rome, to acknowledge his obedience to the Pope. He ii r,i,-^i STATE PAPERS. »3§ He (hall, as it is faid, forego his Govcrnorfhip of Guyenne, and E ^^^' f^- the fame fhall be beftowed upon Monf. de Termes. Madame de Boy, the Admiral of France his fifter, mother to the Princefs of Conde, is taken and conflituted prifoner. It is faid, that the Vifdamc of Chartres fhall come to Orleans, where the Knights of the Order fhall be alTembled ; and he there- upon is like to fee the end of his procefs. I am informed, that the Prince of Condc, his * procefs being in the hands of the Parliament of Paris, the Prefident and Council of the fame have anfwered, that the Prince may not be judged by them, but by his Peers, becaufe he is of the blood Royal. The Dutchefs of Fcrrara, mother to the Duke that now is, accord- ing to that I wrote heretofore to your MajeAy, is arrived at this 0)urt, the 7th of this prefent, and was received by the King of Navarre, the French King's brethren, and all the great Princes of this Court. Monf. de Martigues hath of late been at Paris, and there com- mitted himfelf to juftice for manners' fake, for the late outrage com- mitter there by him. He had his pardon in his hands ; he is now returned to the Court, very much made of, and waited upon, with above twenty of the braveft and beft Captains of France. The French King mindeth to keep his eftate here at Orleans, where all the armour is taken from the townfmen. The Marflial Termes is at Poidtiers, with divers companies of men at arms; where alfo the townfmen be ufed, as they be at Orleans. The Cardinal of Tournon being Legate for the Pope in France, is arrived here at Orleans, and is of the King's Privy Council. At Bourdeaux, and in all places between this town and that, all is very quiet, notwithftanding divers bruits to the contrary, and (as ni m I (1 I 1 I,'' 1 in- |H ti' H 1^ ^^B <^ m ^^H.t ri ^^lu '' r^ ^H »■? ^E^'^ fi Brf '<(». 1; ' -I • About the coafpiracy of Ambolfe. T 2 one i -l li. % ■'f. W ! •if I 14a E I, I Z A liETH. STATE PAPERS. one Swanne, a fubjeG of your Majefty's* informctK mc, Who clittic dircdly thence in poft) all the Tea coads are furni(h«d with men atr arms, and folditrs, to what end no man knoweth. The houfe of Guife pradifeth, by all the means they can, to make the Queen Mother Regent of France at this next aflembly; f) as they are like to have all the authority fti.U in their hands, for (he i» wholly theirs. - . It is faid, that the French King mindeth, with the timet to con- vert all his Abbeys into Commandaries of divers Orders, as there be in Spain. It is faid, that Ferdinand of Auftriche Icvieth men in Almain ; but to what end I cannot learn. Ths Rhincgrave remaineth ftill in Almain, and goeth from one Prince to another. His being there is diverfly difcourfed upoU} con- fidering the time of the year is unmeet for paftimc. The Sophy is dead j his fon hath conjoined himfelf with Bajazet the Turk's fecond fon, who having their forces together, are about to deprive the Turk and his elded fon of the empire, which news was fo difplealing to the Turk, as it is thought he is thereupon dead J and it is advertifed from Venice, that he was in very great danger of his life, and could hardly efcape. The French King and his Court do remove hence the 19th of this prefent towards Semmceau, the Queen Mother's houfe, and jnindeth not, as it is faid, to return hither before his eftates be af- fembled. Two fons of Oconcr, who have been in France thefe eight years, are lately difpatched hence into Ireland, as I am informed. I doubt cot but that there is good order, that they ihall be able to do no hurt. It is fecretly talked here, that there is fomewhat in band) touch* ing the ifles of Guernley, Jerfey, and Scilly. 7 There S'T A T fi PAPERS. ^tf6 ft ma flfdveftifement come hither, from the French Agent In Plattdters, that the Dufchefs of Parma hath put to death, for th6 caufc of religion, either two of your Majefty's fuhjedls, or elfe dc- Hizen^being of Flandeirsi Whether it be true or not, I am not aflured ; but thefe men ifecm to be very glad of k, as I am well informed. There i* heife arrived an Ambaflador from the Duke of Savoy^ named Monf. de Moreto, who w I underftand, fliall Ihortly repair ihto Enghmd, to fpeak with your Majefty from the faid Duke. De Ugnerot is alfo upon -his difpatch, if he be not already ar* rived in England before thi . bearer. I am informed, that Charkbois (hall eome away from Dunbarrcr dtnd that Croc fliall remain there in his (lead. The King of Spain hath kept divers of his G)rte8, and is ftill in; following the fame. He raaketh ready one hundred galleys, as I ant informed, and a good number of (hip», and withal makedi prepa- ration for an army. It is hid to be to renew his enterprize of Tri- poli ; but many do doubt, that they be for fome other purpofe. The faid King oweth twenty-one millions of Ducats, as it is judged ; and were it not, as it is faid, for his new Minifter, he had been brought very low for money. The Pope hath granted to the faid King, licence to fell 50)00Q Crowns of Spiritual Revenue, the profit whereof will rife to, at the fea(J, two mtlKdns of crowns. ' The faid King hath fent in prefent to the French King, as I an» informed, fix very beautiful Jennets of Spain of his own j, and hatli. fiiffered his fervants to buy in Spain fifteen others of the moft prin- cipal pieces that could be found* The General Council is, by the or^r and confent of the Pope^ th« Emperor, the Kings of France and Spain, appointed to be at Trent* where not only the faid Princes will aflTift by their Miniftcrs, but al^b the Kings of Portugal i Poland, aiyl Navarre, with the States- of Italy. Monfieup r4» E L I Z A* BETH. -.ri' ?;i m I I ' ■ ; i4 -4 «-r f : ■ m ^^•— ill 142 B L I Z A- BE TH- STATE PAPERS. Monfieur de Ferme, a Secretary of this Court, who went with Monfleur de Bourdezieve to Rome, is returned with the Pope's grant for the taking of an 100,000 Crowns of the Spiritual Reve- nues to be fold. The confideration of which grant, and the like to the King of Spain is (as I am informed) to the end, that the money made thereof be employed againft tlie Proteftants and heretics, as they term them. • .•,!..,.{<•» „,„ ^ Notwithftanding the late treaty, your Majefty's arms have beeti iet up quartered, when the French King made his entry in St. Dennis, and were alfo in like fort fet up at the King's entry here, upon the town and Court gates, where they do ftill remain in open ihew to the world. I am well informed, that the French King maketh reckoning to have of his fufped towns and fubjefls, about three millions of franks, and his charge in going up and down, to punifh his fubjefts, borne. I am alfo credibly informed, that there be four (hips of war in fetting forth at Newhaven, which are faid to be for the voyage of Brafil, and that there be four others in Brittany, which are bruited to be for Peru. A great Perfonage of this Court hath faid (as I am right well in- formed) that if the King had not thus been conflrained to feek to chaftife his fubjeds, your Majefty's realm had ere this felt him. I am informed, that the French King mindeth to make a citadel at Calais, which (hail ftretch to St. Peter's church, and that the ha- ven (hall be conveyed into the town. I am alfo well advertifed, that there is order given to Monf. de Trez, Matter of the Ordnance here, to convey to Calais both muni- tion and artillery ; and that the galleys fhall be brought about, and remain there. I am alfo informed, that becaufe the galleys (hall be the better able to fight with fliips, and to turn in their fight, that they have here . devifed SfT ATE PAPER S. M3 devlfed to make a part of them fhorter, and to make a new mould '^J^JrJ'rA' of galleys. « ^— ', I am informed, that one He£lor Wentworth-, an EngUfhman, who hath been here in France thefe twelve years, and fpeaketh good French, being withal a proper man with an auburn beard, hath of late robbed (as it is reported by h?m) Capt. Boys, mafter of the camp, who was his mafter j and that he is thereupon fled into Eng- land. He lately before ferved Charlebois, and was in Leith when it was befieged. I have not before heard of him i but if none of your Majefty*s (ubjedls heard of him at Leith, his being in England is much to be doubted ; and therefore good heed is to be taken of him, if he may be found. I am by very fecret and credible means informed, that the French" King hath taken up in Auvergne and Brittany, eight hundred oxen, which be part of them already in Normandy at feeding. This provifion of vidual in fo great quantity in one place, giveth a Ihrewd likelihood, that they do in all places together make greater. The Earl Both well ihall be (as I am informed) difpatched hence forthwith ; he hath promifed them here to do great things in Scot- land, from whence he hath received lately great comfort by one who- is come thence with great diligence by fea. I am advertifed, that de Noailles, and de Groc, who, as it was told me, Ihould be fent out ^f hand, fhall not now be difpatched of long time, if they be fent at all ; and that this matter is to no. purpofe, but to abufe your Majefty and. the Scots both together. I do alfo underftand, that the French King hath fent order to Mar- feilles for the bringing about of eight galleys more. Since the writing of this before, I underftand that the Earl Both- well is ftaid from going into Scotland, and hath a prefent given him •f fix hundred Crowns, and is made Gentleman of the King's chamber, with the fee thereto belonging, And: I-' i-!*M 144 STAVE PAPERS; -^bVth^' And thus having none other occurrents to write prefently unto ^ » ' your Majefty, I befeech God long to preferve the fame, in health; honour, and all profperity. . . From Orleans, the 17th of Nov. ij:(5o; Your Majefty's, &c* N. Throkmorton. t:'^' '^,t 1560. Nov. lyti. m ' Sir Nicholas 'Throhmrton to Secretary Cecil, SIR, T WISH, that others would, as you will, weigh thefe mens proceedings and my advertifements, to be of more importance than news, and of more danger than not to be cared and provided for in time. Make your reckoning, thefe men will effay their fortune, and the King of Spain can be contented to fufFer her Majcfty to fall into fuch terms, as you muft be driven to pray him to do with that (late and realm, what pleafeth him : he accounteth you muft needs come to that point, fmce you difpleafe all, and fatisfy no party. I truft there fhall be fuch feafonable counfel given in time, as your enemies and fufpe'ery difcreet and (as he is taken to be) like a fincere gentlema.i. His behaviour hath been fuch in his charge, as his country hath had good caufe to be pleafed with him, and the Queen's Majefly no lefs, for her own particular affair. I pray you be a mean, that her Majefty may allow well of his doings ; and that he may £nd the fame, when he cometh into STATE PAPERS. into England. I undcrfland by letter that I lately received fiom Sir Thomas Chamberlain, of the 2d of this month, lliat he can obtain of the King of Spain as yet little f-wour, to keep one of his fervants from the inquifitor's apprehenfion. I fay, that amity will prove to us worfe than enmity. Aifuredly I fear him more than the French, and he will occafion more inconveniency amongft us. Let not her Majefty be deceived, for furely he meaneth not well, whatfoever his Minifter there doth make (hew of. I think, notwithftanding that thcfe men did promife to fend their Minifters :o fatisfy her Majefty for the ftay of the ratification forthwith, you fhall r ot hear of them thcfe twenty days, as I have intelligence. Peradvcnture Monf. de Sevre * fliall fay fomewhat to retain you longer in hope, that the Spring may be advanced before you think of the matter. I am fure this refufal of the ratification doth trouble you there at home ; but, will you know how it cometh to pafs ? I will be (hort in it. Firft, to fave their honour and intereft, whereupon I know they were egged by the Spanifti pradlice and Minifters. Thefe occafions did grow from themfelves ; but thefe were not fuflicient. From thence ihey were to do thus by thefe reafons animated; your hafty difarming, and fpecially of your navy; her Majefty's great inclination to live in plcafure and quittnefs, which they fay they did many ways copy ; that neither Counfellor nor condudor was rewarded ; that all men, which did at this time fervice, were difpleafed ; that her Majefty would do her own plcafure in all things, fo as there was none to take the fpecial care of her affairs. And laftly and chiefly, that they take it for truth and certain, that her Majefty will marry the Lord Robert Dudley ; whereby they afl"ure themfelves, that all foreign al- liance and aid is (haked off, and do expe£l more difcontentation thereby amongft yourfelves. Thus you fee your fore; God grant it do not with rankling feftcr too far and too dangeroiifly. Thus I 145 E L I '/ A- B K r H. • French AmbafTador in Engln.nd. u J j; humbly I: i pi i 146 STATE PAPERS. E L I z A- humbly take my leave of you. From Orleans the 17th of No- BEX H» vember, 1560. Your's, &c. N. Throkmorton. w :: li 'i if'^' I 1560. Nov. i8;h. Sf'r Nicholas Throhjiorton to Secretary Cecil, Mr. Secretary, TT HIS Gentleman, bearer hereof, is fent prefently from his Matter, the Duke of Savoy, in legation to the Queen's Ma- jefly, to congratulate with her Highnels for her happy avenement to the Crown. He faith, the unquietnefs in his Matter's country, and his raw coming thither, after the late accord, have been caufes, that this office hath been done no fooner ; his name is Monf. de Morette, nephew and heir to old Morette, that hath been Ambaffa- . dor from late King Francis, to King Henry VIII. well known to my Lord of Pembroke, and my Lord Marquis of Northampton, and to my Lord Admiral, and my Lord Chamberlain, and both to Mr. Wotton. This man was, in the late French King's days, Gentleman of his chamber, and fince retired and fettled at home in Piedmont. Befides this kindoefs of congratulation, he hath to break with her Majefty, in the Duke his Matter's name, for marriage with the Duke of Nemours, which, I perceive by communication patted be- twixt us, he mindeth to fet forth, if the matter be not too far patted at home, as all the bruit is here, that it is. For this Gentleman was told by the Pope's Ambaflador here, that he ttiould come into England in good time to her Highnefs's marriage, with the matter of ber horfes. In cafe this Gentlemaa fhall find her Majetty at liberty STATE PAPERS. H7 liberty from any fuch thing, and that her Highnefs do (hew any ^^'r^^r^J^' BEX H. inchnation to hear of this his overture ; I perceive by him, as he faid, that the King of Spain and this King too, are fo defirous to have it take efFed, that they vv'ill both travail, what they can, to bring it to pafs. Hereof I thought good to advertife you, as I have done the Queen's Majefty, by my letter now unto her. This Gentleman's good ufage, and good entertainment by all good means, I recommend unto you ; he is a very good Courtier, and therefore knoweth what belongeth thereunto, and fo will report as he findeth. And fo I take my leave of you. From Orleans the i8th of November, 1560. Your*8, Sec. N. Throkmorton. Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to the Hueen, T T may pleafe your Majefty, fince my letters to the fame of the 1 7th of November, fent by your fervant, Mr. Jones, and others from me, of the 1 8th of the fame, fent by Monf. de Morette, Am- bnflador from the Duke of Savoy to your Majefty ; I do underftand that the Bifhop of Limoges, Ambaflador from this King to the King Catholic, hath of late infinuated to the faid King, that the Nobility and States of Scotland have very evil accomplifhed the late treaty accorded at Edinburgh, betwixt the faid King's Deputies and the States of Scotland ; and much lefs performed their duties and obedience, which doth belong to good fubje£ls : whereupon the faid Ambaffador hath, on his Mafter's behalf, required the King of Spain to give the French King, his good brother, advice and counfcl, how U 3 he i;6o. Nov. zSdi. IM' , li I I • - 1 ; H Mi m », -. Hi m :i:i5, : ! i-i U •*v 1+8 E L I Z A- BET II. STATE PAPERS. he fliull iati'Cat the faid Scots his fubjedls, and in what wife he may beft by his counfel proceed with them. The King of Spain an- fvvcrcd, doth the King my brother mean in this matter fincercly ? and doth he demand mine advice, as one, that would be by mc ad- vifed ? or doth he move this matter to prove what I would fay to it ? It was anfwercd by the faid Trench Ambaflador, that the King his Maflcr meant fiuccrely, and as one that dcfired to have his good brother's advice and counfel in that matter. Then the King of Spain faid, I will fend to mine Ambaflador, rcfident in France, to know of the King my brother, how he mindeth of himfelf to proceed with them, whether by force and reflraint, or by other means. Agreeable whereunto, Monf. de Chantonet, Ambaflador, refident here, for the King Catholic, the i8th of this prefent, had audience of the French King, and did on his Matter's behalf dcfire to know, how and after what fort this King did mind to proceed with his fubjcds of Scotland. It was anfwered by the French King and his Council, that he the French King did not mind to ufe force againft them, if he might otherwife have them well ordered, and obedient fubjeds. • . - . The 19th of this prefent, Monf. de Chantonet, after his audience, did advertife me of tho premifes by his Secretary. What this brotherly participation betwixt thefe Princes, of the Scottifti affairs, doth mean ; and to what end this kind communi- cation cf thefe mati^ers will tend, I know not. But becaufe your Majefty lid, by your letters of the 19th of Odober, command mc to advertife Sir Thomas Chamberlain, your Highnefs's Ambafliador in Spain, what fpeed I fliould receive of thefe men, touching the ratification of the treaty, and of fuch other things as (hould feem to me meet for your Majefty's further fervice ; I have advertifed Sir Thomas Chamberlain, by my letter of the soth of November, how I hare STATE PAPERS. 149 I have proceeded with thefc men, and how I am by them anfwered ; ^J^J^'..^' BET H. whereby my whole doings may appear unto him at good length, ^ k *. with fuch other things, as I thought convenient for him to know, meet for your Majefty's fervice ; the copy of which my letter to the faid Sir Thomas Chamberlain, 1 have herewith fent to your Majefty, whereby the fame may perceive at good length the particularities of this my whole difpatch to your faid Ambaflador in Spain. It may like your Majefty to be further advertifed, that I have in- telligence, that the King of Spain hath in great hafte given order to flay the five thoufand Spaniards in the Low Country ; yea, though they be embarked, and upon the fea, to revoke them, if it be pof- fible, who (hould have gone to Sicilia. The Prince of Spain is dill fick of his quartan, and judged not to be long lived. It is now faid that he (hall be fianccd to the Dowager of Portugal, his father's fiftcr, who (fome think) (haH come to be Regent in Flanders, after (he is fo fianced. The pofts do come apace and often of late, betwixt the French King and the King of Spain. Of late, (whatfoever the matter meaned) Monf. de Chantonet would not fufFer Gamboa, your Ma- jefty's penfioncr, to fpcak with me, who came to this town the 17th of this month, from Spain, in port, to pafs into Flanders, for fo the faid Gamboa fent me word. Whereas in my letters of the 17th of this month, I did ad- vertife your Majefty, that the Earl Bothwell did not fo foon return to his country; fince that time the faid Earl is departed fuddenly from this Court, to return into Scotland by Flanders, and hath made boaft, that he will do great things, and live in Scotland, in the de^ fpite of all men. He is a glorious, rafh, and hazardous young man; and there- fore it were meet his adverfaries Ihould both have an eye to him, and alfo keep him flvort. This m '^•i^i'. ■i\ ''. .% \i "I .1 r m ' ' >p ELIZA- BETH. STATE PAPERS. This King, by an indifpofition, that he hath found in himfclf, within thefe three or four days, fince my lad letters to your Ma- jedy of the i8th of this month, hath refolvcd, at the difpatch hereof, not to (lir from this town, until the Aflembly of the Edates be pad. I have herewith fent to your Majedy, a letter that Sir Thomas Chamberlain, your Ambaflador in Spain, did lately fend to me. The Lord Seton had his difpatch from hence the 32d of tliis nranth, and had eight hundred franks paid him of the arrearages of his penfion due to him, for being Gentleman of the King's Cham- ber ; and for the fatisfa^tion of his money did)urfed by him for their provifions at Leith, and for fuch other neceflaries as he did then furnidi them of, he hath afllgnation upon the Queen's domain in Scotland. This King and Queen hath alfo given him in reward, an abbey in the north part of Scotland, which is thought, if hp may enjoy it, will be worth to him yearly four thoufand Crowns of the Sun. When the faid Lord Seton did take his leave of the French King, the King thanked him for his good and faithful fervice done unto him, and did aflure him to reward him liberally for it ; and fo hath the faid King aifured him, that fuch in Scotland as have, from the highed to the lowed, offended him, and the Queen his wife, {hall know and feel what it is to be difobedient fubjeds to fuch a great Prince. The Lord of St. John's weighing the refufal of the ratification, the date and maniment of the affairs of his own country, and confider- ing thefe men's determinations, together with fuch intelligences, as he hath of the French's intents towards them in Scotland, did lately require me to recommend unto your Majedy the fpecial care and order of their affairs in Scotland. For, faid he unto me, unlefs the Queen your midrefs do order and manage our matters, confidering the time and terms that we dand in, we be utterly undone ; and confequently great danger and peril will after enfue to her realm. ^ For, STATE PAPERS. tSi For, faid liCi unlefs her Majefty direct us, and put fubilantlal order Wt^«^' amongft us, we (hall among ourfelves fall afunder, and fo bring upon us great confufion; and fuch ie our cafe and danger, as it requireth no delay. The Lord Seton hath a letter from the French Queen to your Ma- jelly, and hath alfo in charge to prefent unto your Highnefs the faid Queen's picture, as I hear. Thefe men do much depend, among others, upon the advice of one Henry Sender in Scotland, for the Lord Seton hath letters from hence, to the faid Sender, It may pleafe your Majefty to be further advertifed, that the Hate of the Prince of Conde his procefs, at the difpatch hereof, was in thefe terms: The King had fent his Chancellor and fundry Prefidents, together with others of his learned Council, to the faid Prince, to examine him, three or four times. The Prince would never anfwer them to any interrogations, but refufed them all, as infuHicient to examine him ; faying, that the knowledge of his caufe did not appertain to men of their quality ; for being a Prince of the blood, he faid, his procefs was to be adjudged either by the Princes of tiie blood, or by the twelve Peers ; and therefore willed the Chancellor and the reft to trouble him no further. The King of Navarre's Chancellor is taken prifoner, and is looked for to be brought hither every day. Monf de Jarnac did take him in the faid Chancellor's own houfe in Guyenne, whereat many do much marvel, the faid Jarnac being always efteemed well affeded to the King of Navarre. The Abbot of St. Saluce returned from Bruffels by this Court to Rome ; he had conference with the Cardinal of Lorrain of your Majefty; and, as I underftand, made here a very lewd difcourfe of your Majefty, of your religion, of the fruits thereof, and of your, proceedings. He tarried here eight days, and departed hence to- wards Rome the 20th of this prcfcnt. I am n, ill m\ I )■ !■;■ M 1111 W *fi. H ' ! ¥:') 1: $ m '5« STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- BETH. •1 ^' m 'm I am credibly advcrtifed, that one named Villcmort, fcrvant to the late Dowtjger of Scotland, hath advcrtifed hither, that Infkeith in Scotland mud he hetter manned, that it may he upon all events, and in defpight of all men kept, and rather than fail, to put the foldicrs of Dunbar into the faid Infkeith, if they cannot oiherwifc furni(h it with men ; for the keeping of that ifle is of fuch mo- ment, as having that, the French may, when it pleafeth them, take what place they like, upon either fide of the Firth. Whereas I have written above, that the Lord Seton fliould bring a letter to your Majefty, from the French Queen, and therewith her picture ; the faid Lord Seton departing hence the 22d of this month, left his fervant behind at the Court, to bring after him his difpatch to Paris. In the end his fervant hath been anfwered, that the faid French Queen will neither write at this time to your Ma- jefly, nor fend her pidlure, excufing that the fame is not yet made; which the faid Lord Seton taketh in very evil part, and will caufe him to be a worfe Frenchman, and a better Scottifhman. lam well advertifed, that the 25th of this month, aflignation was given out, for the payment of twenty-five thoufand franks, for the ufe of the galleys at Nantz. It is faid that the Duke of Savoy hath fortified a place in Savoy named Salviano ; and hath with certain Proteflant Cantons in Swifle made a league, which doth fomewhat offend thcfe men. But in the mean time the Duke doth that which is meet for him. The Lord of St. John's had his difpatch here the a6th of this month; he took not his leave of the King by rcafon of his indif- pofition, hut of the Queen and Cardinal of Lorrain, he had very good words, and was required to ufe the part and office of a good Miniftcr towards the ellates of Scotland, and of a good fubjeift to- wards his Sovereigns. He hath a letter from the King and Queen to the faid eftatcs ; the copy whereof I fend your Majefty here- with. STATE PAPERS. »53 with. And fo I pray God long to prcfcrve your Majefty in health, ^g^,, j'^n^' honour, and all felicity. From Orleans the 28th of November, 1560. : : ■'\i •_.• ■ •..,.. ' , ,-, Your Majefty '8, &c. N. Thaokmorton. 1 I'. 1*1 ; . /. • .'J I Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary Cecil, is6o. Nov. a8th, SIR, HP HIS bearer, Alexander Clarke, Gentleman of Scotland, of whom you have heard often in my letters, and not fo often as he hath deiierved, hath gotten leave to go into his country, for fuch purpofes as he will declare unto you : fomewhat I have written to her Majefty thereof by him ; Ijiis fervice done to the Qiieen's Ma- jefty hath been fuch, as I am forry to mifs him for that refped. But I am the lefs forry, for that his being in Scotland cannot but be to very good purpofc, as the occaflons of thcfe men's practices be of- fered prefently. I am fure you (hall be made privy of that I have written to her Majefty, and therefore need not reiterate it again. As for other particularities, he is fufHcient, and inftruded to fatisfy you at large. I do moft heartily recommend him unto you ; his de- fsrts have been great, and his intent and means to deferve more, is worthy to be liberally confidered, and well looked on. I have alfo befought her Majefty to confider him both for the paft, and for his and others better encouraging to continue. It may pleafe you to help forth the matter, fo as he may know and feel whom he hath I'erved ; and alfo that my recommendation in his behalf doth work for him, .is he may of good right challenge at my hands. Indeed X this '!S5 i,,i.; m m ':'!• i .1 ,a ' i. '4' ■ fil fi • «54 STATE PAPERS. ^bVt^h^' *^'* journey of his at this time doth more rife of my device, than of his particular motion; albeit, I am contented if it be othcrwifu coloured. There fliall hardly be any thing there by the French fadion pradlifed, but he fhall know it. His further ordering I refer to your good judgment. If it pleafe the Queen's Majefty to fpeak \vith him, it muft be done with great fecrecy, left the French there know of it. He accompanieth thither the Lor.d Seton, and meaneth to make the court to the French Ambaflador with fliew of offers and fervice to be done to their Prince, for fo he muft go to work ; and yet his nature is fo honeft, as he can very hardly diflemble. I have at his requeft given him a memorial of my opinion, how to will the Lords in his country to proceed prefently, confidering the time, the Aate, and the terms of their affairs, which I have willed him to fliew you, to be ordered and altered as you think good. Sir, at the difpatch hereof 1 had not heard from the Court fince the 19th of Odober. This Prince is fiek, and very cafual ; and thereupon de- pendeth great matter, and here affure you the difcourfe is made there- after. Thus I humbly take my leave of you. Fr Thus Almighty God long prcfci vc your Majefty in health, honour^ and all felicity. From Orleans the 28th of November, 1560. The Duke of Florence arrived at Court the 5th of this month j his train is faid to be eight hundred horfe. Of that his fo fudden voyage, here be very many and fundry difcourfes, i Your Majefty's, &c. N. Throkmorton, ■ STATE PAPERS. ^57 Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary Cecil, SIR, TJOW SOEVER others be inclined to give car to thefe mens delays, and to be pleafed to be brought into feme expedation by their new fending of new Commiflioners thither firft, and from thence into Scotland, there to aflemble a new Parliament ; I truft you be too wife to be with fuch toys fo carried away, or to be advifed by thofe dealings ; but I am fure you fee fo far into the matter, as there is no caufe why any body ought to look for a better iffuc now, than at the laft aflembly, which was done by this King and Queen's authority, as appeareth by exprefs words in the laft accord made with the eftates of Scotland. And I am fure you be too well expe- rimented to think that Noailles, late Ambaflador in England, one of the Maflers of the Requefts, and the fame in no great grace here, and Le Croc, a Gentleman, fervant to the King and Queen, fhould have a greater truft and authority committed to them, to proceed abfolutely in this matter, or that more truft, credit and expeftation of promife-keeping, and ratification of the treaty, fliould be looked, for at their hands, or by their means, than there was at the end- making, by a Biftiop of this King's Privy Council (as Monf. do Valience * was), or of Monf. de Randan, then Gentleman of the Chamber, and Captain of fifty men and arms, and now Knight of the Order. And befides the ftate and circumflances of the caufe and handling of it, which I tnift you do thoroughly confider ; I will at this time fay no more to perfuade you to do that, which is in this cafe meet to he done; tut tell you, that ihcfc men do all with fecrecy, fpeed, and policy, give order by hook or by crock, to man, visual, and reinforce the places they hold in Scotland. Sir, ELIZA- BETH. 1560. Nov. 29th, • Monluc. i.! 1 ' '•'' i ■ '^k :: \ : !iP •' ■'^i ■ '\ I ' >: : I- ! 'f ■ ■i'&/M ; tl m iGo STATE PAPERS. {■■ ^BETH^' ^*'"* ^^ ^*^' ^^^ °"^y ^^ ^^^^ °^ ^'® fati8fa€tion, but alfo of all the good favour that may be (hewed him, befides his penfion, whether he difpofe himfelf to be ecclefiaftical or temporal. The name of one of them, that is now fcnt into Scotland, is named Pellegrin. At the difpatch hereof I underftand, that there is great lamentation at the Court, for the French King, of whofe re- covery they begin to miftrufl. In my ftmple opinion, it fhall not be good to make any of the Scots ptivy to the danger that this King is in. And thus I pray God long to preferve your Majefty in health, honour, and all felicity. From Orleans the 29th of November, 1560, Your Majefty *8, &c. N. Throkmortom, 4 ):';': 1^60, Decern. I ft. ll'^ i Sir Nicholas 'Throlmorton to the ^een, T T may like your Majefty, fince my letters of the 29th of No- vember to your Majefty, wherein I advertifed your Highnefs, of the French King's ftate in his ficknefs, I underftand, that he is fomcwhat amended, but yet very weak, and fo feeble, as he was not able to keep the feaft of the Golden Fleece, on St. Andrew's day, whereof he is Knight ; and now the phyficians miftruft no danger of his life for this time. And whereas in the fame letter I wrote to your Highnefs, that the French Queen was not then minded to fend your Majefty her pidurc, nor letter, which flie had erft promifed, as I advertifed your Highnefs by my letter of the 28th of the laft ; I underftand now, that flie hath given order, that my Lord Scton fliall both bring STATE PAPERS. i6i bring a letter from her to your Majefty, and alfo her pidure. Whe- ^Jl^^,/\,^' u lit 1 ri • ther it come of her better mood, or by the faid Lord Seton's impor- »■■ » ^ tune fuit, to have the carrying thereof to your Highnefs, I know not. I underftand, that the French King hath prefTed two and thirty captains, they to be ready with their bands upon the next warning. And thus I pray God long to preferve your Majefty in health, honour; and all felicity. From Orleans the ift of December, 1560. Your Majcfty's, &c. N. Throkmorton. Sir Nicholas Throkmorton to Secretary CeciL S 1 R, /^ O O D accord sad unity to be had among all the States of Scot- land, is to be m;'^ tained and conferved. But if the Devil will caft a bone among them, the Earl of Arran's amity, and his friends, be moft fit for England, for many refpedls ; and he, in mine opinion, if he be wife, or well counfellcd, muft needs be Englifli again ; for if he fee deeply into the world, and into his own cafe, that muft be his beft reckoning ; and therefore at all events, if the Scots do now, upon the refufal of the treaty, rcfolve to feize into their own hands and cuftody Iiifkeith and Dunbar, and to put out all the French- men froni thence (as mcthink of reafon and necefllty they ought to do), then t!ie cuftody of the fame two places would be committed to the guard of fome wife and fit men of the country, and luch as be wholly at the Deputy of Edinburgh's devotion ; for thereby if Y fome I $60, Decern, ift. m ■ ] ( •IV: .k"* ■I IJ 162 STATE PAPERS. E„L^i 7. A- fome turn their coats, and fall to catch that catch may, the faid Earl being ours, we fliall not make the worft end for ourfelves. For all the country on this fide the rivers of Clyde and Firth, (hall be at the Queen's Majefty's devotion, which if you will confider, is no evil frontier, and thereby alfo may the better order her realm of Ireland ; but thefe matters muft be cunningly handled. This bearer Alexander Clarke, will difclole unto you, if the Lord Seton keep promife with him, fome folk, that are to be looked to, who are the intelligence givers to the French. From Orleans the ifl of December, 1560. Yours, &c. N. Throkmortow. I W' '*» STATE PAPERS. 163 ELIZA- BETH. No. VIII. Mr* Jones to Sir Nicholas TTyrokmorton^ Amhajfador in France, [This is ar extremely curious letter, and, together with the others, in which the Queen's marriage with Lord Robert Dudley is men- tioned, plainly (hews the general opinion, both at home and abroad, of her inclination that way. Indeed Elizabeth herfelf docs not difclaim it.] ■■• I I ' li S I R, WITH all the diligence I could make, I arrived not at the From the Court here till Monday at night, the 25th of November, the Pofleffion at what time 1 delivered my letters to Mr. Secretary, and attending u'^d ^*ke°*^ all the next day upon him, I fpakc not with the Queen's Majefty till WeJaefday a: night at Greenwich, whither ihe came to bed from Eltham, when flic dined and hunted all that day with divers of my Lords. I had declared unto Mr. Secretary, before I fpake with her, the day after my arrival, the difcourfe of the Lord of St. JohnV., and your Lordfliip's opinion, touching the declaration in French, which he w illcd ne to put in writing, as I did ; Mr. Secretary flicwcil both the fame to the Queen's Miijclly, as her Highnefs in my talk with her told me, and a *hird perl'un knew the lair.e, but hov/, I know not. I will tell your Lordfliip the flory, and then you may guefs at it. There was occafion, as your LouLip kaowoth, in the V u' difcourfe, \ r.!| !i:t^ t -eV i(J4 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- BETH. I ■" iUfcourfc, to fpeak of the delivery of the letters to the French King and Queen in the favour of the Earl of Arran, and of that the French Queen faid, the Queen's Majcfty woidd marry the Mailer ot her horfcs. Tlic 26th of Novemhcr all my Lords of the Council dined at the Scotch AmbafTador's lodging, where they were very highly fcaftcd. I repaired thitl.cr to fliew myfclf to my f.ords, where, after I had attended half dinner time, my Lord Uohert rofe up, and went to the Court, and in the way lent a gentleman back to will me to repair thither after Ivim, as I tlid, after 1 had de- clared the meflage to Mr. Secretary, Being come unto him, he afked me, whether the French Queen had faid that the Queen's Majcfty would marry her horfe-kecpcr, and told me he had feen all the dif- courfe of your Lordlhip's proceedings, together with the intelli- gence, and that Mr. Secretary told him, that the French Queen had faid fo. I anfvvered, that I faid no fuch matter. He laid the matter upon me fo ftrong, as the author thereof being avowed, I would not deny, that the French Queen had faid, that the Queen would marry the Mafter of her horfes. This was all he faid to me, and he willed )ne, that I ihould in no cafe let it be known to Mr. Secretary, that he had told mc thus much, as I have not indeed, nor mean not to doj whereby 1 judge, that Mr. Secretary did declare it only to the Qiiccn, at whofe hands my Lord xlobcrt had it. The fame night I fpake to Mr. Killigrew, and having delivered your Lordfhip's letter and told him of the intelligence; he faid in the end unto me, with, as it were, a fad look, I think verily, that my Lord Robert fl^all run away with the hare, and have the Queen ; to whom I anfwered nothing. Thus much I thought good to write before I came to fpeak of my proceeding with the Queen's Majefty. The 27th, I fpake with her Majelly at Greenwich, at fix o'clock at night, and declared unto her the talk of the Ambafladors of Spain and Venice, and the Marquis *, and your advice, touching the General * Of NertJiampton. Council. m STATE PAPERS. 1 6s Council *. When I had done with the firft point of my firft tale, By my troth, faid Hie, I thought it was fuch a matter, and he need not have fent you hither, for it had been more meet to have kept you there ftill. I faid, that if it had been written in cypher, it muft have come to the knowledge of fome others. Of nobody, faid Ihe, but of my Se- cretary ; or die he might have written it in my own cypher. When I came to touch nearer the quick, I have heard of this before, quoth flic, and he need not to have fent you withal : I faid, that the care you had was fo ;;reat, as you could not but advertife her Majefty of fuch things f as might touch her, and that you took this to be no matter to be opened, but to herfelf. When I came to the point that touched his race if, which I fct forth in as vehement terms as the cafe required, and that the Duke's || hatred was rather to her than to the Queen her fiftcr ; flic laughed, and forthwith turned herfelf to the one fide and to the other, and fct her hand upon her face. She thereupon told me, that the matter § had been tried in the country **, and found to be contrary to that which wjts re- ported, faying that he was then in the Court, and none of his at the attempt at his wife's houfe ; and that it fell out as fliould neither touch his honelly nor her honour. Quoth flie, my Am- baflador knoweth fomewhat of my mind in thefe matters. She heard me very patiently, I think the rather becaufe I made, before I Ipake unto her Majefty, a long proteftation, as methought I had need to do, confidering that my Lord Robert knew thereof as much, as he did. Her Majefty promifed me fulcm, tacUiiniitatcmy & fa- vorenti the laft; whereof I found towards myfelf, but as for your Lordfl^ip, flie not once made mention of you unto me, unlefs tha: ELIZA- BETH. ii ;hi ii'.', • That the Qnccn fliould fend thither. f Of the talk in France of her marriage. X Lord Rolicrt Dudley's. II Of Northumberland. § This relateii to the report of Lord Robert's having hii wife privately murdered. •• Probably Coroner's Inqueft. •f* onc&' ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /q ^ «^% •^ 1.0 I.I 1^ 1^2 mi us 140 I 2.2 2.0 im ||L25|,|U ,.6 M 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM (716) 873-4503 % ^^o s6& STATE PAPERS. 1 1 Itiilil ^ L I z A- once or twice fhe afked, whether your Lordfliip willed me to declare ^ » ' this matter unto her, as I affirmed you did. Thus much have I thought good to write, touching the AmbaiTador of Spain's talk. For * the Venetian Ambaflador's talk, fhe protefted, that fhe never to any AmbafTador or other, difclofed any and nobody but Mr. Secretary knew of thefe matters ; who was, fhe faid, wife enough. When I rehearfed the terms of veneficii & maleficii reus ; fhe caufed me to repeat the fame twice or thrice, which methought did move her more than that I faid touching the AmbafTador of Spain's talk. * For the Marquis, fhe believed the firfl part, touching his affection towards her j and for the lafl of that he reported, touching her Ma- jefty's difcourfe with him for the not marrying of any other fubjedts, fhe affirmed unto me, that it was never fpoken unto him, touching any fuch matter. Touching the Council at Trent, and the confederation, and therein . touching the Scots and Almains, fhe faid, that the Scots were popii- lus fine capite^ but the others f and her Majefly heard one from an- other, and that fhe did make afTured account of them. Neverthe- lefs there was none named unto me ; but how fecret that matter is made, it may appear by the Italian fool, who, upon provocation, talked openly of the fame, and devifed upon the means of fending, even as I had debated the fame with the Queen's Majefty. I did re- commend unto the Queen's Majefly fuch as fpake with me before my departure thence, and fuch others as your Lordfhip commanded me, the fervices of whom her Majefly took in right gracious part, as her Majefty faid, fhe would vvifh to be known. I mean Mr. Cavalcanti; and for Mr, Clarke, I fet out as much his fervice in France, as ability to furve in Scotland ; though I did not prefs the fame, being moved to it by that I perceived fomewhat, the Queen's Majefty's difpofi- tion for Scotland very cold. She faid, flie did not know him,, but * It flioulJ fccm, that all thefe talks related to Lord Robert. I The Germans. that STATE PAPERS. 167 that (he was glad to hear of his fervice. I fpake unto her Majefty, \Vi?j/' touching Noaillesj of the ftrait league between the French King and the King of Spain ; and of the pradlice of their divifion of the two realms between them. And as for Calais, I had good reafon to perfuade the Queen's Majefty that it ftiould never be reftored ; for Mr. Bourdin hath 700 acres of ground in the country, and will build there ; and one hath built already without the town as much as hath coft 3000 crowns ; and they mind to perfe(3: their huge fortifications out of hand; with divers other matters, which I learned by reafon of my long tarrying there againft my will, by want of wind and good paflage. The Queen's Majefty looketh not fo hearty and well as fhe did, by a great deal ; and furely the matter of my Lord Robert doth much perplex her, and it is never like to take place, and the talk thereof is fomewhat flack, as generally mifliked, but of the fetters forth thereof, who are as your Lordfhip knoweth. My Lords, for the moft part, as Pembroke, Clinton, Bedford, Northampton (who have told me fo much therafelves), do like well your Lordlhip's letters and advertifements at this time, and feem to be careful for the due confideration of them, and yet none of them have queftioned with me, to know any further of them. I doubt, pleafure and paftime, with their attendants, and the folly of fome who feem to make court to them whom they miflike, will either mar all, or hinder all. I have declared unto Mr, Secretary, what your Lordfhip thinketh of the Qeneral Council, who wiftied I had not told the Queen's Majefty a matter * of fuch weight, being too much he faid for a woman's knowledge. I told him alfo in whofe behalf I had fpoken to the Queen's Mnjefty, and of all other matters, faving of the two Ambaffadora talk. He heareth what I have to fay very favourably, but afketb • It was probably about fending to the Council of Trent from hence,. & t' -,1 it ' i i68 STATE PAPERS. ELI Z A- me no further touching any matter. I am forry to fee how he is BET H» troubled; and as if, mefeemeth, overwhelmed with bufmefs; but all lighteth upon him without any affiftance. He looked for more, and afked me, whether I had not brought him any other letters from your Lordihip. Mr. Secretary was in hand with me to know, whether I brought not two letters to the Queen's Majefty ; for, he faid, the letter he received from the Queen's Majefty back again, was not fo thick as when he delivered if": I told him I knew not, for I made not up the packet. Mr. Treafurer * received your Lordfliip's letter very thankfully, but when I went from him, and he had read it over, he was clean changed, and not over-courteous. He fell fick the next day, fo as I could not fpeak unto him, and I do well know that letter and the matter of the other were the occafion of his evil. He is half aihamed of his doing for the Lord Robert. My Lord Admiral is very diligent in his charge ; two new fhips be now making of great burden, and other veffels ihall be made to meet with the gallies. Religion is negleded ; all men difcontented ; no man confidered ; Captains fell their harnefs ; and every man is for himfelf. The Queen's Majefty ftayeth the creation. The bills were made for the purpofe, at the day appointed. When they were prefented, fhe with a knife cut them afunder. I can by no means learn, and yet 1 have talked with fuch as know much, that my Lord Robert's matters will not go, as was looked for; and yet the favours be great which are ftiewed him at the Queen's Majefty's hands. The Scots Lords have been feafted fumptuoufly at my Lord of Pembroke's, where I dined among them. They have been alfo at my Lord of Bedford's. As far as I can leara among the Scottifh • Sir Thomas Parry. men, STATE PAPERS. 169 men. if their alliance be not more eftablifhed than fome here would, Eliza- that favour the Lord Robert, which be very and lefs hoheft, 1560. * they fhall be conftrained, to fave their necks, and to win the French favour again, to turn their coats, which doth not a little grieve them. The Scotch caufe doth like well, fo far as I can learn, my Lords of the Council, and the doings there in France bring the matter to a neceflity. I dare not advife your Lordfhip to do any thing ; but I judge that thofe things confirmed of every hand, may work a mi- racle, and I can fee no other, but that we here flay much upon your Lordfhip's judgment; and though the confideration of things be great, yet undoubtedly there is great want j and will fay no more. Mr. Middlemore, as Mr. Secretary fhewed me, fhall be difpatched before me. I truft not to be long after, rather to fatisfy my duty, than for any hope I have to be otherwife confidered. I humbly be- feech your Lordfhip to excufe me that I have written no fooner ; for it was fo long ere I could fpeak with the Queen's Majefly, and I fpake with none before her, but Mr. Secretary, as I could not write how I had proceeded, and your Lordfhip to be affured, that I have not paffed my commiflion ia any one point of my charge. The lafl; of November, 1560. Your*8, &c. m R. J. Jones. Letters I) ^M mil 170 ELIZA- BETH. 1561. STATE PAPERS. No. IX. oriSnliis^in Letters from Sir William Cecil, and from the Earl of SSaSof Bedfordy to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, Amhaffador in Hardwicke, r? trance. [In the letters from Cecil, the reader will have ample proofs of his wifdom, integrity, and moderation. It is impoifible, at this diC- tance of time, to explain the caufe of the diflatisfadion of this great Statefman. The Queen his Miflrefs (as Sir Robert Cecil truly fays of her, in a letter printed in Nugte antiquae) " was ** fometimes more than a man, and fometimes lefs than a woman." But the defeds in her charadler and temper, though confiderable> fhould not detrad from her real merit ; and fhe will defervedly remain one of the greatefl: Sovereigns that ever filled the Engliih throne.] May, 1561. "From Sir WiUiam Cecily to Sir N, l%rocimorton, SIR, WE fhall now fliortly fee whether my Lady your wife's journey, fhall be to fetch you home or no ; for upon an- fwer made to Dr. Somer by the Scotts Queen, you may boldly write to the Queen's Majefly for your return according to her Majefty's former anfwer. But, to fay the truth, who fhall fucceed, for your fervice of the Queen's Majefty ? Mr. Knolles hath been much fpo- ken of; but two things may yet be required in him, although he have good furniture of the beft, that is outward hability of wealth, and STATE PAPERS. 171 and acquaintance in fuch public affairs, fo mixed with divers ^^,}J'J^ practices as thefe be. Here hath been no fmall ado to refufe this i;(^>- PopiHi MeiTenger; not that any counfellcr was outwardly unwilling, but no man was found fo earned and bold as to adventure the ad- vifing of fuch as were of other minds. This Bifhop of Aquila * had won more with former preludes than was eafy to overtake ; but in the end* thanked be God> he findeth all his conceptions and prac- tices unjointedi and under foot. What he will do to recover them I cannot tell. My Lord of SufTex is ready to depart into Ireland, and fhall, I trufl, proceed with a polling againfl: Shane Oneyle. The Earl of Kildare is now here, and hath his friends alfo here, as you know ; and, I think, for underftanding of the truth, there will be fome coupling betwixt them in argument, the Irifh Earl to deprave the other's governance j and the other (if he be fo preffed) to charge thofe laft in fervice. I find that I am taken to be drawn againfl the Earl of Ireland ; but, furely, I confefs to you, I will know both, before I fland to any fide. Although I fee no caufe but to lean with our Englifh gover- nance againfl fuch as always have fought, and of courfe will feek, to fhake off from their necks our regiment. The Confuls of Hamburgh have written to the Queen's Ma- jefly touching the (lay of her armour, and affirm it to be done by commandment of the Princes, in refpeiSl: of an information given that it was to be fent into Mufcovia ; and therefore upon her Ma- jcfly's affertion that it is not fo, they will deliver it. Whereupon her Majefly hath written thanks to them, with blaming fuch flan- ders of her, and avowed her property and meaning. I underfland that this was a malicious pradice of this Bifhop here, by means of Lazarus Vanfvvenden j fuch is their hollow meaning towards us. If the marriage that way hath pafs, we mufl The Spanifli AmbaHador in England. Z 8 enter 17« STATE PAP:RS. ELIZA* enter a reclproque amytye that ways, wherein I would ye fhould 1561. 1561. July 14th. bethink yourfelf. To end ; the Queen's Majefty, I aflure you, taketh your lad writing in right good part, and willed me to require you that fome goldfmith there might be induced indirectly to come hither with furniture of agrets, chains, bracelets, &c. to be bought both by herfelf, and by the Ladies here, to be gay in this Court, towards the progrefs. What is meant in it I know not ; whether for that which many look for, or for the com'ing in of the Swede ; but, as for me, I can fee no certain difpofition in her Majefty to any marriage ; and any other likelihood doth not the principal here find, which caufeth him to be perplexed. May 1561. Your*s, ye know, W. Cecil. From the Same to the Same, SIR, A LTHOUGH this may feem an unlooked-for refolution to you , con- fidering the courfe of your writing, to have all courtefy fhewed to D'Oyfel, and fo confequently the Scottifli Queen better fatisfied, yet it hath fo fallen out here, that, although in all other things D'Oyfel hath been well and gently ufed, yet fo many reafons have induced us to deny the principal requeft * that I think it fhall be both of the wife allowed, and of our friends in Scotland mofl welcome. The very noife of D'Oyfel's coming had ftirred fome maze in fundry heads, and the expedlation of the Queen's coming had ere«Sled • The principal requeft was, that the Queen of Scoti might crofs the feas into Scotland, upon Elizabeth's fafe-condu£l. up STATE PAPERS. J73 up Huntly, Bothwell, Hume, and others, that it could not be ^Vt'h^' agreeable for us to feed them in their humours; and by this our 1561. denial, our friends in Scotland fhall find us to be of their difpofition, and fo (lop them in their humours. I think plainly the longer the Scottifh Queen's affairs fhall hang in an uncertainty, the longer will it be ere fhe fhall have fuch a match in marriage as fhall offend us. Your advertifement of the offer of the Portugal, feemeth fo acceptable, as the Lord Admiral will fend a veffel of his own, of almofl one hundred tons, and the Mayor and Mr. Garrett will venture one thoufand pounds, &c. * Sir, where you would have me advertife you my own mind, whether you fhould write to the Queen's Majefly of fuch things as you hear worth to be known to her Majefly; only two things move me to incline to a flep. The one is my friendly care of you particularly ; the fecond is, the regard that I have to preferve the eflimation of proteflants in the Queen's Majefly's judgment, which is already not increafed; and if your fharp reports fhould come from fuch, I fear the mifliking would be turned to them. And yet, com- paring both thefe with the good that I know the reporters meant her Majefly, I dare not conclude either to forbid you, or to promife you as much as toucheth yourfelf. You can confider, ja^ia curam fuper Dominumt et ipfe te enutriet. It ferveth me fometimes to adven- ture, but yet I will never have my friend adventure fo far as myfelf. Sir, I mofl heartily thank you for my fon, in whom as ye fhall fee faults rife up, fo, I pray you, root them up by fharp advertife- ment ; for I fee that long fufferance of any thing, maketh the re- moving of it harder; and fpecially one fault engendreth another in our corrupt natures. I cannot certainly write unto you of the King of Sweden's coming. His C hancellor being not of acquaintance with Englifh conditions, doth his purpofe more hurt than he thinketh. • This relates to a projeft of a voyage to the coaft of Guinea. The ^J< i MM msA 1 ■'s l^ I". ; t o ( 1 gti 'u\]\ I ii i: I »74 ELIZA- BETH. * lii STATE PAPERS. The Queen's Majefly hath plainly written to this King, that, con- fidering flie is not as yet difpofed to marriage* (he doubteth that in coming, and not obtaining his fuit, he fhoiild change his love into ofFence ; and therefore I think, upon the receipt of thofe lines, he will flop. I am mod forry of all that her Majefty is not difpofed ferioufly to marriage ; for I fee likelihood of great evil both to this State and to the moft of the good particular perfons, if (he fhall not (hortly marry. There hath been a matter fecretly thought of which I dare communicate to you, although I mean never to be an author thereof; and that is, if an accord might be made betwixt our Miflrefs and the Scottilh Queen, that this fhould, by Parliament in Scotland, &c furrender unto the Queen's Majefly all matter of claim, and to the heirs of her body ; and, in confideration thereof* the Scottifh Queen^s interefl fhould be acknowledged in default of heirs of the body of the Queen's Majefly. Well, God fend our Miflrefs a hufband, and by time a fon, that we may hope our pof- terity fhall have a mafculine fuccefTion. This matter is too big for weak folks, and too deep for fimple. The Queen's Majefly knoweth of it, and fo I will end. I have advertifed the Lords of Scotland of the Queen's Majefty 's anfwer to D'Oyfel. De Sevre faid yefter- day privately, that he looked for fuch an anfwer as this was. Yefternight, I thank the Queen's Majefly, ihe took a fupper at my rude new cottage, wherein I thought my cofls well beflowed for her gracious acceptance of all my offers. Sir Thomas Challoner is putting himfelf in order to go into Spain to take Mr. Chamber- lain's place, and now it refteth to compafs your coming home. I am had here in continual jealoufy, and you in like miftrufl. Com- mend me to my good Lady Throckmorton. The Queen's Majefly thinketh long for the Paris goldi'mith : he fhall be free of cuflom for all that he fhall not fell. God be with you. From London the 1 4th of July 1 56 1. Your's affuredly, a ,. .,. , W. Cecil. STATE PAPERS. ^7S Earl of Bedford to 'Throckmorton, F T E R my very hearty commendations to your Lordfhip ; by your laft letter that I received from yoU; for the which ana :jll others I give moft hearty thanks, I underftood moft chiefly of your good health, and for occurrence little or none, being referred to Mr. Secretary's advices and difcourfes to him written ; of whom, be- caufe I afked not, neither did he tell me any thing thereof, your letter feemed to be as good as if it had come from Brigftock park. Mr. Killigrewe your great friend, one of no fmall eftimation and credit with Lord Robert, can and doth, I doubt not, as well as other your agents and friends here, write unto you how things pafs J to whom 1 rauft defire you to be referred, for as much as I have taken my leave of the Queen's Majefty, and bidden the Gsurt farewell, and am now, to-morrow, going to Woborn in Bedford- {hire, and fo further into Northamptonfhire to hunt this fummer ; from whence you know nothing can be written but that which might make you wifh yourfelf there alfo ; and fo would I you were> at (uch idle times as you could pick out, to difport yourfelf after your great bufmefs. From London this 8th of July 1561. ■ ' : • "- Your Lordfliip's right afTuredy ■ ■'■'/:; . ■■-) ..; nor to the love, but maids, or women go- ing for maidens. The Queen's Majefty thinkcth, and fo do others with her, that fomc greater drift was in thid; but for my part I can find none fuch. From Stortford the q6th of Auguft 156/. Your's always alFured, W. Cecil. i;6i. m I: ' t if From the Same to the Same, SIR, ClNCE this bearer Killigrew came over, I thought beft to ftay him all this time, thinking that fome matter (hould have happened worth his tarrying and return ; but feeing no fuch chancctli, knowing his defire to return, I have thought to difpatch him with thefe my own letters. I do my uttermoft to procure Mr. Dannctt to come thyiher, but he fo grunteth thereat, partly for fick- nefs hanging upon him though not pofleffing him, partly for po- verty inclofing him round about, that, if it were not for your /atisfadtion, furely I would not thus deal to offend him as I do. I perceive her Majefty will not be induced to relieve his laft difeafe, • I.ady Catherine Grey, whofe mother (Duchefs of Suffolk) was niece to Henry VIII. t With the Earl of Hertford. A a otherwifc 1561. Decern, zxd. \^ 178 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- BETH. i$6i. otherwife than his ordinary wages. I might lament my place that I hold, being, to outward appearance, becaufe of frequentation with her Majefty, of much credit ; and indeed, of none at all. But my remedy is only to leave the place; wherein my only grief is, to fee likelihood of fuch fucceflbrs, as I am fure (hall or will deftroy all my good purpofes. I may not write, but yet I rtiay lament. What is my credit to help any body, may appear in myfelf, that have been forced to fell off the land which I had when I came to this place with the Queen ; one hundred and fifty pounds of good known lands * ; and, at ihh inftant, I am with burden of debt compelled to afk leave of her Majefty to fell aw^ay my office in the Common Pleas, that hath been the only ftay of my living thefe fifteen years, and her Majefty doth licence me fo to do. But fo that I might be able to procure furniture for others to ferve her Majefty, I cared not for myfelf; and in this term doth ftand the fending away of Mr. Dannett. I have carried in my head, with care, means how her Majefty fliould from time to time condudl her affairs. I fee fo little proof of my travels, by reafon her Majefty alloweth not of them, that I have left all to the wide world. I do only keep on accounts for a Ihow, but inwardly I meddle not; leaving things to work in a courfe, as the clock is left when the barrel is wound up. It is time to end thefe complaints to you who cannot remedy them; but yet becaufe you write to me divers times of matters worthy your confideration, thinking that you have beftowed thcni well on me, in hopes that I will fafliion them and put them forth, when you fee I have no comfort fo to do, I ^thought not inconvenient to note thus much to you of my imperfcdion. ''■ Here be no fmall pradices in forging, fome think, of the fucccf- fion, if her Majefty fliould not marry or leave Iffuc. This fong hath * However the cafe might b? then, it is notorious that Cecil raifetl a very confidcrablc forluiie out of hii long courfe of fcrvice. many _^;- STATE PAPERS. 170 many parts ; but, for my part, I have no fkill but in plain fong. ELI Z A- Others be devifing how to hinder religion, the rather for that hqr 1561. Viajefty fcemcth eafy therein ; and if I do any good, I am fure therein 1 do no hurt ; and in refped thereof, principally, do I the reft of all my fervice. I find a great defire in both thefe Queens to have an interview; and knowing the diverfity of both their intentS) although I wifh it, y€t I know it dangerous to be any fingular doer therein. Shane O'Neyle cometh over with my Lord of Kildare under a protedtion, though thereof is not meet to ufe fpeech. He will com- plain of my Lord of Suffex ; but my Lord of Suffex hath, for the Queen, more eaufe to complain of them, as he fayeth. Howfoever it is, authority muft be favoured. My Lord of Suffex hath licence to come hither ; who (hall fucceed him I know not, if it be not Sir H. Sidney. I think my Lord Ambrofe * at length (hall be, on Chriltmas day. Earl of Warwick, a matter often promifed, and often broke off. From Weftminfter, December 22d, 1561. Your affured Friend, , W. Cecil. * Dudley, brother to Lord Robert. 'f ;ry confidciablc A a 2 A Note i8o ELIZA. BETH. 1561. > u f 6TATE PAPERS. No. X. SSdvo™'" "^ -^^^^ ?/* Confultatkn had at Greenwich^ prima May Sy'atEdi'n- ^S^i, fy the ^ecHs Majcjly s commandment y upon a '"^' requejl made to her Majejly by the King of Spain s Am^ bajfador, that the Abbot of Martifjengo being Nuntio from the Pope, and arriving at Bruxelis^ might come into the realm with letters from the Pope and other Princes to the ^een,» PRESENT. 1561. May I ft. The Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, "William, Marquis of Northampton, Henry, Earl of Arundell, Edward, Earl of Derby, William, Earl of Pembroke, Edward Fines, le Admiral, William Howard, Lord Chamberlain to the Queen, Sir Edward Rogers, Comptroller, Sir Francis Knolles, Vice Chamberlain, Sir William Cecil, Secretary, Sir Ambrofe Cave, Sir Wtlliam Petre, Sir John Mafon, Sir Richard Sackvyll, Mr. Wotton, Dean of Canterbury. IT STATE PAPERS, i8i 1 T was devifed and accorded by all and every one of the faid Eliza- BET H. Counfellors, without any manner of contradiction made by any, that the Nuncio fliould not come into any her Majefty's do- minions J and fo by fpecial fpeech of every Counfellor exprefled ; raifing therefore divers fundry and good reafons ; whereof thefe that fojlow were the chief, although in utterance much more earneft- nefs, and length of fpeech was ufed by divers of the faid Council, for more confirmation of their arguments, than is here ufed. Firft, It is both agalnft the ancient laws and late laws of this realm, that he fhould enter into the fame, or into any the Queen's Majefty's dominions ; for, by the ancient laws, yea when the Pope had moft credit in this realm, no Legate or Nuncio might come into the fame; for both he (hould have licence before, and alfo make a folemn oath on the other fide the feas, that he (hould bring nothing with him, nor attempt any thing in this realm, to the derogation of the King of this realm, and liberties thereof; and of this there be many examples of ancient tiine remaining of record, as well of the deny- ing and refufing of the Pope's Nuncio, to come into this realm ; as alfo it is manifeft by ad of Parliament. It is ena<3:ed, that no foreign Prelate fliall ufc any power fpiritual or ecclcfiaftical within this realm, and if any fliall, by word or deed, fet forth or maintain the power or jurifdidion fpiritual of any foreign Prelate or perfon hereafter claimed and ufed within this realm, or fliall put in ufe any tiling for fetting forth the faid pretended power j that then every fuch perfon fliall be puniflied for the fame, as further appeareth by the ftatute; and therefore it is not only againfl: the laws of this realm that any fuch Nuncio fliould come hither, but alfo that any perfon fhould, by word or deed, allow his coming. Secondly, although it were lawful, and without danger for pain cf forfeiting, as it is not, yet having regard to the Qiiecn's Ma- jefty's Crown and royal eftate as Queen of England, by the Laws and ads of Parliament of this realm and in the time of Henry Vlll.' her 1561. I $2 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- her Maiefty's nobje father, to v\luch all tlve fubictfjs of this realm have BETH. .-» / -^ J ■ 1 561. been fwprn, it is n^anifeft, that ajlowing tl^p authprity 9f tlie Pope, according to fuch j.urirdi.<^|pji as he glaimeth, there will follow one great peril to tl^e furety and trpth of the Queen's- undoubted title to the Crown of Engla^id : the which at prefent ftandeth, both by the laws of God and this realm, fo fure and firm, that no true fubje<3: can^ without eviflent fufpicion of evil and traiierous meaning, allow the Pope's jurifdidlion in this realna to any purpofe ; efpecially being contrary to the truth of the Queen's Majefty's intereft and right ; as, amongft other things, evidently appeareth by the travel that her lyiajefty'a adverfaries haye made to difprove her title by colour of the Pope's laws, being contrary to the law:s of God ; a matter of greater confequence, than can be exprcfled in few words. Thirdly, the great perils, and inconveniences which are likely to follow, are fuch, that no man which Ipveth quietnefs, can confent to his coming in. For whereas in winter-time the only found of coming of a Nuncio hath wrought, in fundry evil-difpofed perfons, fuch a boldnefs and courage, as they have not let both to break the laws with great au- dacity, and difperfe abroad falfe and fcandalous reports of the Queen's difpofition to change her religion and government of this realm; a thing very falfe ; but alfo in fome places have conjured with the devil, and caft figures to 'mow the continuance of her Majefty's life and reign, which God long continue; how may it be thought, without great and evident danger, to have the faid Nuncio come hither after thefe preparations, and againft Sum- mer, in which time the Devil hath moft opportunities to make trouble and tumults ? And as the evil fort, which defire alteration and change, might receive comfort hereby, and be encouraged by the fequel to attempt great enterprizes, with a face of fome other purpofes, as always rebellions have cloaks ; fo, on the contrary part, the true quiet and faithful fubjeds might have caufe to forbear to ihew STATE PAPERS. fliew openly their afFedion and duty to the fervice of the Queen and reahn. And in this matter it is to be confidered, that as in a man's body after long ficknefs, being nearly well recovered, and the good humours quieted, and the evil overcome ; if the good humours be troubled, and the evil fed and cherifhed, and fo error committed, the peril would be greater to the body than the firft ficknefs was : even fo the commonweal being fo late, fo well recovered, fettled and quieted, and the evil members thereof, if any were, either re- formed and put to filence by law and order, and the good quieted by law and order, if this coming of the Nuncio, being already looked for, (hould be permitted ; thereof fhoUld come fuch a dif- quietnefs and change to the body of the common weal, as thereof the peril would be greater than it was at the firft, or than prefently can be underftood. For nothing doth more damage to a common- wealth than changes againft law or opinions, or hopes of changes, whereby do daily grow great dangers, both to the eftate of the Prince, and alfo of the good fubjedts, and in the end ruin to the whole common weal ; whereof examples paft, too many and too la- mentable to be remembered. ' "■. Now to anfwer them that would have the Pope's Nuncio to come in. It may be faid, that the Nuncio will fwear, that he will do no- thing prejudicial to the Crown and eftate of this realm ; and yet it may be doubted whether he will fwear: but howfoever he may be induced to fwear for his advantage, he cannot obferve his oath, except he would come into the realm, and neither fpeak nor deliver any letters from the Pope : or elfe he may prcfume, that it is not perjury to break prcmifcs with fuch as he is taught to repute as l.eretics. If he fliould fwear, and afterwards break his oath, what peril might enfue, is eafily to be feen, to them which fliouId aflent to hrs coming in. And although the Qiiecn's Majcfly might difpenfe with the pains, yet no man of honefty would be willingly content to be veputcd in the common weal a breaker of a weighty law, that was made fo 9 lately 183 ELIZA- BETH. 1561. !'•: yp< Isll ^ r i'^ L i i' 1 iP' W\ If m ^3i'l: ■Hi mm m. J 84 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- lately by a unlvcifal confent of the whole realm in Parliament, In 1561. ihe which law alfo all the whole realm hath intereft at this day, and namely every fuch inheritor and poneflbr as hath any thing by the Jaw of this realm, but contrary to the laws and conftitution of Rome. What man in the late time of Queen Mary faw not, what 4^eril was toward the fubverfion of the policy of this realm? So that we might be noted of great folly, if at any time hereafter we fliould adventure the like danger. But to anfwer the truth of the matter, what an abufe is this to bear us in hand, that no harm is meant by the Pope, when he had already done as much as in him lieth to hurt us ? The Pope, even at this inftant, hath his legate in Ireland, who is already joined with certain traitors there, and occu- pied in ftirring a rebellion; having by open a£ts deprived the Queen of her title there, as much as in him lieth, although that the power that her Majefly hath there, as well of public Miniflers as of a number of good fubjcds, do little efteem fuch attempts, as things whereof ihortly revenge fhall be made. And why fhould we not believe that this man would do the like, as much as in him lieth, in this realm P It cannot be denied, but the laft year, when the Abbot St. Salute was fent from the faid Pope, of the fame errand and tour, to Bruf- fels, where the Nuncio now is, about this time alfo of the year, it was purpofed he fliould have done his beft to have raifed a rebel- lion here in this realm, under colour of religion ; and why hath not this Abbot the like fweet errand ? There is no reafon to be fliewn ; but contrarywife more reafon is now to prove it likely in this man, than was then for the other ; efpecially fuch preparations being ufed before-hand, this prefent year, to prepare the hearts of difcontented fubjeds, as have by divers means been ufed otherwife than the laft year, and it is notorioufly known and difcovercd. It hath alfo ,been faid, if he come, he fhall not lodge with any Ambaflador, but be lodged apart by himfelf ; forfooih it is a fimple offer, and fo to be weighed, and not worthy the anfwering. But STATE PAPER! lEhit that ^hich for the coming of this Abbot maketh more, Is this, and very meet to be truly aQfwered; that this Nuncio conitth* as is pretended, only to move the Qtieen to fend to a Ge- neral Council as other Chriftian Princes (as it is fayd) have been moved. To this may veell and truly be anfwered, that indeed nothing can better pleafe her Majefty, than to hear of a General Council: and among all Ivorldly things that might happen unto, her, no one thing could be thought more happy* than that (he might live to hear of fucb a General Council, as might tend to make a unity in Chrif- tendom in the matters of religion j to the furtherance whereof hei: Majefty will fpare neither travel, treafure, nor any thing nooft dear to her. And therefore her Majefty, when (he {hall underftand 4 Council to be called in fuch a fott, and meeting at fuch a place, and at fuch time, abd with fuch conditions of freedom^ for all Chriftian Princes and eflates to come thither, as may apparently tend to make concord and unity, and not to maintain fadion ; will of her own mere motion, and devotion toward the unity of Chrif- tendom { as being ohe of the principal Monarchs thereof, and not fubjed to any Potentate fpititual under God ; fend thither fuch meet perfons, as ihe doubts not (hall declare the fincerity of her mind, and the earneftnefs of her aflFedlioti to have one unity of all matters ia Chrift's religion. But for that as yet her Majefty cannot underftand that the Coun- cil now mentioned i^ fo called, nor her Majefty fo orderly admo- nifhed thereof, as might feem, by the fame mind of concord, in truth of Chriftian religion, but rather to the contrary ; her Majefty cannot make prefently a refolute anfwer to fend thither. For if it be called by the Pope's authority only, and begun as a continuation of the laft fummoned Council at Trent, as by the printed examples of certain libels, publiftied this laft month of November and Decem- ber, appeareth, and that it be not a Council for any perfon to have any right decifion, but fuch as be already fworn to the maintain* 6 b ance •8j fe L I Z A* BETH. 1561k ! "-I m '. ^ i::l ■^3 |86 STATE PAPERS. ^bVti/' atice of the Popfe's authority, then fhall her Majefty be very forry, ■S^"' _ finding therein no 'direftion, meaning to concord by confultationj but either to maintain afFeiSlion by cover and name of a General Council, as foritier examples have declared. And in this part her Majefty will conceive fome doubt and lack of fuch good meaning towards her as is pretended : for if other Chrillian Princes, as the Emperor, the French King, and King of Spain, have been long paft fent unto, and their opinions firft required for the place and time of this Council, and their confents defired before it was appointed ; ia the day alfo now paft, then, at the laft, to prefent to the Qijeen, being a Prince of Chriftendom, and having intereft in the well lhereof,f fuch a meflenger as this, to admoniftx or to exhort to fend to that Council, without requiring her opinion therein as well as of other Princes ; her Majefty and her whole realm may juftly think, 'that tliere hath been no fuch honourable nor juft confideration hskd pf her eftate, and of her realm, as was meet, nor that (he may hope of any other thing but a determination, as much as in the Pope (hall lye, to prejudice her Majefty and her realm, and all other eftates of her pofleflions, and to efiablifh and confirm the au- thority of the Pope with' all his abufe and errors, h ■nil •; j ^ciuilry : I wu))X;/i ilr. '■■■ 'jli'iJ Jfw z"n .'. o: jfoU:>')"tifi v.^-. -^ "' mflMis-) ;.]; '■^■' \, ''=1 i'iU.il.j ■'.:■.} : ■' ; '' : i.>,J'i:.'»i.i ofKu;- •:}':yj'--': •;:«,; ;::, -r. :,,,L; ^.;i i..^ ;a ,!>^ ..■:■ ^ "^0 hr:rr\ '^1111.1 :i;!f vv; ,ri^rh Uii:U.i u- '' ■\':<:}rli ■■,v,tii %:i .. . .'.I .^..i,Ul U»i-» ■J! ". V.Vl..'.' ^'..j. ilJl i. V <. .■; , ,=1 f. ....;, 't ■ .f :» •• ;i< !i!i^- •-.it.'y/d br.h mlcr.T.-S'A vv if'co/r su\ &'.'.' hyMilov .; M- -^f nu^irj h. ii.'i •. '-./n :■.!. --J ir.o . J« ,! . ^ ^ J' V"- (i '4 STATE PAPERS. 187 ^' Ko. XI.' ."'''' vn!>:'t. I>;i);;;;!.- .1..: !)-;;,'.: ih.r. n '■ ' .,? ••.,'1 • ,-l .-> Henry y Earl of Huntingdon^ to the Earl of Leicefler, f--' f:'''U\^ fv. "•) pi E L I Z A- B E T H. From the Original, in the Britifli Mufeam. My Honourable good Lord, I AM forry that my prefent difeafe is fuch, as there are left me ^s^y April, but thefe two remedies, either to fwallow up thofe bitter pills lately received, or to make you a partner of my griefs, thereby fome- thing to eafe a wounded heart. At ^y wife's laft^eing at Court, to do her duty as became her, it pleafed her Majefly to give hi^i' a privy nippe, efpccially concerning myfelf, ^herety I perceive flic hath fome * jealous conceit of me, and, as I can imagine^ of late digefled. How far I have been always. frcun conceiting any great- nefs of myfelf, nay how ready I have been always to fhun applaufes, both by my continual low fail, and my carriage, I do affure myfelf, is beft known to your Lordfliip, and the reft of my neareft friends ; if not, mine own confcience fliall beft clear me froQiv^i^y fuch folly. Alas, what could I hope to effed):, in the greateft hopes I might imagine to have in the obtaining the leaft likelihood of that height ? Will a whole commonwealth deprive themfelves of fo many blef- fings prefently enjoyed, for a future hope uncertain, in favour of one inferior to many others, both in degree, and any princely quality ? Will they forfake a Prince, both for excellent qualities, and rare virtues of nature, and of great hopes of an ineftimable blefllng by her princely iffue, in reafon of her youth, for a poor fubjedl in years, and with- out any great hope of iffue ? No, no, I cannot be perfuaded they would, if I (hould be fo fooliflily wicked to defire it, or fhat my * The Aippofed title of Lord Huntingdon jealoufy about her fuccefllon is well known; to the Crown came, through a female, from and a ftrong inftance of it has been already George, Duke of Clarence, youngeft brother given in the imprifonmcnt of Lady Catherine to Edward IV. Queen Elizabeth's extreme Grey. B b 2 mind ,^ii ;. 'Hi i88 STATE PAPERS. If iiiiHit] ^bVth^" °^*"*^ ^*'* ^"^ ambitioufly inclined. I hope her Majefly will be i$63« perfuaded of better things in nre* ajid caft this conceit behind her. And, that a foolrfh book, fooliflily Written *, (hall not be able to V poJOfefs her pr'mcdy inclination, with fo bad a conceit of her faithful ' , , ,, ,„ fervant, who defires not to live, but to fee her happy. What • '- '• grief it hath congeal«!d within my peor heart (but ever true) let your Lordflitp judge,, whofe Prince's favour was always more dear unto me, than all other wildly felicities whatfoever. This I am bold to make known to your Lordfhip, humbly dedring the fame, when you fee your opportunity* to frame a new heart in her Majefly 's princely breaft, whofe power I know is not little in effecting of far greater matters than this ; for never (hall there be a truer heart in any fubjed, than I will carry to her Majefly, fo long ^ I bceathe. Andfo I reft C-" '"■'■''' Your poor Servant and Brother, ' ' ' 7 April 1 H* HuNTINODpN. ^5^3* 'fin b.-:-: fftc'i ?,'<.; * ^ * Joka Hakt**, ia wlii^ feme codUeitUe pctfem weie cenotme^. ' ;■;•(• vn ■..'! ; ..(;'^-. a :(/Hib>','.' ilcjl ^.A^ -^iAA'v.A ;o u/fj in viii or orir^'^'Ti:- '■■^ :; t:n l^r : ,-Ibuy.'5 lui fljot! ,-:5ni-i-l f. li>Ici lO ; \iM liiV/ ' ■ '•■'•'[ ■■'■■ ' - ■ V) I /: -i'^f ,j'l • > ' '.^il Hri fic;j,a-i f;i /jriTi- . >':..vU or \yi-X:,'.'f; viiiiii-;:". , t>J liUiorii I h ,L..;^..' Iv. . uiH: .■iVO ••'ri!-:>." •■:.;»j, ..;,■! .;.UJ^ .'.'lb-; .V ,- . ' :. d 'I STATE PAPERS. 16'^ .•V-;'V No. XU. ELIZA- BETH. 1569-70. ' < 4 hitters from the Huaen of Scots to the Duh of Norfolk, [Theft political love-letters (for they can pafs under no other de- nomination), from a very artful woman to a very weak man, are, from the characters of the parties, and the confequences of their intimacy, thought to deferve publication. It is frngular, that, with all the commendation bellowed on the beauty of Mary Queen of Scots, there are no two portraits of her which refemble each other; that by Ifaac Oliver, in the King's pofleflion, and that in the Duke of Devonfliire's at Chifwick, by Zuccero, are undoubtedly more advantageous to her than any others we know of. Brantome commends her perfon and her wit; and Sir Nicholas White, Mafter of the Rolls in Ireland, fays of her to Secretary Cecil, " She hath an alluring grace, a pretty Scotch ** rpeech, and a fearching wit clouded with mildnefs. Then, joy ** is a lively infedlive paflion, and carrieth many perfuafions to '* the heart, which ruleth all the reft ; mine own a6Fedion8, by •• feeing the Queen's Majefty are doubled, and therefore I guef& " what fight might work in others. But, if I might give advice, ** there ihould very few fubjeds of this land have accefs to, or have conference with this Lady." Hatfield Papers, Vol. I. p. 5 re.] From an in- correftTran- fcript in Dr. Fornes's Colleflion, now in the poflelTion of the Earl of Hardwickc. (( . ("■•• From I "*i . •Si J90 STATE TAPERS. ELIZA- B E T H. IS69-70. January 3 1 ft. From the Slueen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk, I H t* ^^^^■^^^^B } mH| f ■ I' *V^Bh H HI hH WKm H'_ I'll! Mine own Lord, T WROTE to you before, to know your pleafure if I (hould feek ^ to make any enterprize ; if it pleafe you, I care not for my dan- ger ; but I would wi(h you would feek to do the like \ for if you and I could efcape both, we (hould find friends enough ; and for your lands, I hope they (hould not be loft ; for, being free and ho- nourably bound together, you might make fuch good offers for the countries, and the Queen of England, as they (hould not refufe. Our fault were not (hameful ; you have promifed to be myne, and I yours } I believe the Queen of England and country (hould like of it. By means of friends, therefore, you have fought your liberty, and fatisfadtion of your confcience, meaning that you promifed me you could not leave me. If you think the danger great, do as you think beft, and let me know what you pleafe that I do ; fof I will ever be, for your fake, perpetual prifoner, or put my life in peril for your weal and myne. As you pleafe command me, for I will, for all the world, follow your commands, fo that you be not in danger for me in fo doing. I will, either if I were out by hum- ble fubmi(fion, and all my friends were againft it, or by other ways, work for our liberties fo long as I live. Let me know your mind, and whether you are not offended at me ; for I fear you are, feeing that I do hear no news from you. I pray God preferve you, and keep us both from deceitful friends. This laft of January. Your own, faithful to death, Queen of Scots, my Norfolk. il rSjij From STATE PAPERS. From tbt Same to the Same. , Myne own good Lord, -r . ,, T HAVE forborn this long time to write to you, in rcfpcft of the dangers of writing, which you feemed to fear ; but I muft remember you of your own at tymes, as occafion fervcth, and let you know the continuance of my truth to you, which i fee by this laft look much detefted. But, if you mind not to fhrink at the matter, I will die and live with you. Your fortune (hall be mine ; there- fore, let me know, in all things, your mind. The Bi(hop of Rofs writes to me, that I fhould make the oflPers to tiie Queen of England now in my letter, which I write generally ; becaufe I would enter into nothing till I know your pleafure, which I (hall now follow. I have heard that God hath taken your dear friend Pembroke, whereof I am heartily forry.; albeit that, nor other matter, trouble you to your heart ; for elfe you leave all your friends and me, for whufe caufe you have doive fo much already, that I trud you will preferve you to a happyer meeting in difpite of all fuch raylers ; wherein I fufpeA Huntingdon, for fuch like talk. But, for all their fay- ings, I truft in God you Ihall be fatisfied with my conditions and be- haviour, and faithful duty to you, whenever it (hall pleafe Gud I be with you, as 1 hope for my part the maker (hall never have the pleafure to fee. or hear my repentance or mifcontentment therein. I have prayed God to preferve you, and grant us both his grace; and then let them, like blafphemers, feel. So I end with the hum- ble and heartieft recommendations to you of your owa faithful to death* This igth of Marchu. »9i ELIZA' BBTH. Marcn iqth. )Vf. Ui I MM'- :';':-^t From 'l • til: I9« B L I Z A- BBTH. 1570. May i7tk. STATE PAPERS. ' From the Same to the Same, T HAVE received, my own good C(^!iftant Lord, your comfort- able writings, which are to me as welcome as ever thing was, for the hopes I fee you are in to have fome better fortune than you had yet, through all your friends favour. And albeit my friends cafe in Scotland be of heavy difpleafure unto me, yet nothing to the fear I had of my fon's delivery up to Queen Elizabeth, and thofe that I thought might be caufe of longer delaying your affairs. And, therefore, I took greater difpleafure than I have done (ince, and that diminiflieth my health a little. For the Earl of Shrewibury came one night fo merry to me, (hewing that the Earl of Northum- berland had been in rebellion, and was rendered to the Earl of Suf- fex, Lord Lieutenant of the North; which, Ance, I have found falfe; but, at the fudden, fuch fear for friends combring me, I T7ept fo till I wa« all fwollen three days after. But fmce I have heard from you, I have gone abroad and fought all means to avoid . difpleafure for fear of you ; but I have need to care for my health, fmce the Earl of Shrewibury looks me to, and the peftyleqce was in other places. The Earl of Shrewibury looks for Bateman to be inftruded how to deal with me, becaufe he is ableft and clean turned from the Earl of Leycefter ; this I aflure you, and pray keep that quiet. I have no long leifure, for I truft to write by one of my gentlemen fhortly more furely. I pray you think and hold me in your grace as your own, who daily fhall pray to God to fend you happy and hafty deliverance of all troubles, not doubting but you would not then enjoy alone all your felicities, not remembering your own faithful to death, who fhall not have any advancement or refl with- out you. And fo I leave to trouble you, but commend you to God. This 17th day of May. Your own Queen. From STATE PAPERS. «93 ELIZA- BETH. From the Same to the Same, My good Lord, TT has not been fmall comfort to me to have the mean to dif- cover at length, \7ith our trufty fervant the Bi(hop of Rofs that I might more plainly difcover in all matters nor betray it, both for the better intelligence of the State there to me, and of my heart to him ; but efpecially for the better intelligence betwixt us two ; be- ing means whom I have declared my opinion in all things to ufe them by your advice, either to cover, as you pleafe and fhall beft ferve your turn, for that will I have refpedl unto above all other things, or to accept or refufe whatfoever conditions you think for both our weale; for without yours I will not have any. And therefore command him, as for yourlelf, and as your trufty fervant ; and be- lieve him of all that he will alTure you in my name: that is, in efFedl* that 1 will be true and obedient to you, as I have promifed, as long as I live; praying you, if you be not, as you hoped you fhould be, delivered, think no difpleafure \ but feek the beft remedy, and having amply communed with him, I will not trouble you with long difcourfe but remitting all to him, I will, after my hearty com- mendations to you, my good Lord, pray God to fend you your hearty defire. From Chattefworth, the 14th of June. Your own, faithful to deith*. t '570. June 14th. ' r. ''\\\ 01 " I i .' ' ' Gc '1 , 7.) From »94 BETH. 1570. STATE PAPERS. From the Sqme to ii)f Sfiffie, CUNDAY I received a writing by Borthwick frqm ypu, whereby I perceive tl^e fatis^ftion you have of in^y pl^ia defiling wit|i ^oy, as I nmiido of nvy ii^uty. Conlidering howmuch I sii^r behpl^en to you many .ways, J am glad the grant of my goQ^^will is fo agree* able to you. Albeit 1 know myfelf to ^je fo unworthy, to be fo well likpd of one of fuch wifdom an.d good qyalili^,, yet <^9 \ X\f)p^ my happe great in that, yea much greAter ^|iaq mydefert. Therefor? I will be about to ufe myfelf fq, that, fo fw as Ood (h^dl gjve m? grace* you fli^ll never have caufe p dii^ii^Uh your good cpjoceit ^nd favour of me> while I fhall eftcem ^nfl refpe^t you ip j|ll my doings fo long ^s J live, as you wquld wifli yqur own tp do, Now^ gQo4 cay Lor4» more wor^s tp this purpofe would bg Hnfeen;i|y tp p>y pr^fgnt condition,, and importunable to you, ainpi>g(l fo many bufmefs; b.ut this, truft you, as written ty them th^t means unfeignedly. This day I received a letter frow yoM by this Ipearer, wh/eyeby J recqive the thought you take pf my health, which, thanks to God, is much better than it was at his departing, but not y^t very ilrong, nor quit of the forenefs of my fi4e. It caufes me to he more heavy and pen- five than I would or need to be, confidiering the care you have of me, whereof 1 will not thank ypu, for J have remitted all my c^ufes to you to do as for yourfelf. I write to the Bifhop of llofs what I hear from the Duke of D'Alva, Governor of the Netherlands. Let me know your pleafure at length in writing, what I (hall anfwer. Now, my Norfolk, you bid me command you; that would be befides my duty many ways. But to pray you I will, that you counfel me not, to take patiently my great griefs, except you promife me to trou- ble you no more for the death of your ward. I wifh you had ano- ther in his room to make you merry, or elfe I would he were out both STATE PAPERS. both of England and Scotland. You forbid me to write ; be fure I will think it no pains, whenever my health will permit it, but plea- fure, as alfo to receive your letters, which I pray you to fpare not> when you have leifure without troubling you ; for they (hall fall in no hands where they will be better received. The phyficians write at length ; they feem to love you marveloufly, and not miflike of me. We had but general talk, and fome, of your matters { but not in any body's name ; therefore I anfwercd nothing, but giving ear foberly. When Borthwick goeth up, you {hall underftand all ; in this it is unintelligible ; mean time I muft warn you, when I hear any thing touching you. Argyle fends me word exprefsly, that when he met at Stirling with Murray, the Regent of Scotland, he alTured him, I fhould never come home, and thai: he had intelli- gence for to be quit of me, remembered him of his promifes. Borth- wick will write it to the Bifhop of Rofs, and my Lord Fleming. Argyle prayed me, if you were my friend, to advertife you haftily : Take of this what pleafes you, but I am fure they will be traytors to you and me ; and if they were in Turkey, you and I were never the worfe ; albeit I will not be importune. But, and this Summer paft, I hope by the good all year. God prefervc you from all tray- tors, and make your friends as true and condant. From Wingfield late at night this 24th. Your aflfured, Mary, "95 I L I Z A. BETH. 1570. Vol. I. * C c a No. 4) f/1 igS STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- BETH. 1383. From the Originals in the Paper Office. No. XIII. Letters from Sir Edward Stafford^ Ambaffador in France, [If one may judge from the remains of their correfpondence* Throck> morton and Stafford were the ableft Ambafladors whom Queen Elizabeth employed in France during her long reign. The former was a deeper politician, and the more defigning man ; the latter had more of the courtier and the gentleman, and was particularly qualified for that Court, by having ferved in the army, and having formed a general acquaintance in France, of both parties. Though he writes incorredlly, it is always with good fenfe, and thorough knowledge of the world. In the affair of the Barricades, it ap- pears from Thuanus f , that the Duke of Guife behaved with par- ticular attention towards him, and Sir Edward, with equal fpirit and politenefs, refufed to accept his proteftion. His Lady was an extraordinary character, and, by her accom- plifhments, equally fitted for the French court. She was niece to the Duke of Norfolk who was beheaded, and after the death of her firfl hulband the Lord Douglas Sheffield, was privately married to Leicefter, by whom fhe had the famous Sir Robert Dudley. The dread of the Queen's refentment, and the favourite's malice, who difowned the ccntradl:, was the occafion of her fecond marriage with Sir Edward Stafford ; he was imprifoned for it, but fhe appears to have made him, if not a very good wife, a very agreeable compa- nion ; her condud, indeed, not being defenfible. The fuit which Sir Robert inl\ituted, after the Queen's death, in the Star Cham- ber, to eflablifh the validity of his mother's marriage with the Earl, and the extraordinary manner in which the proceedings were {lopped, are fully fet forth in Diigdale's Baronage. By this ad of injuftice, the country lofl: the fervice of an able man in Sir Robert Dudley, who took refuge in Italy ; and Charles the Firfl, during his troubles, was, for a fum of money, induced to grant a patent of peerage to his daughter, by the title of Duchefs Dudley, in the preamble to which patent the hardfhip of her cafe is fully acknow* ledged.] t See alfo Satire Menippee, & Memolrej de la Ligue. i > STATE PAPERS, Sir Edward Sf afford to the ilueen. > »97 ELIZA- BETH. Decern. lu. TV^AY it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty, to give me leave to advertife you what I find herCf fit for your Majefly, fince I vit'w. lafl to Mr. Secretary. Still, of all fides, and very credibly, I am advertifed, that there is a meaning and a good-will, to annoy your Majcdy by all means, by the way of Scotland, and private Councils had about it ; whereto, as I writ before to Mr. Secretary, Mannyng- ville is called, and private conferences had with him, with a mean* ing to fend him into Scotland, and to have men to go, to the number of 1500, and to land at Dumbritton, and to fortify both the town underneath, and the caAle: and withal, that levies be already making ; but when I fend to the places, I find nothing, but rather things in (how, and given out by the Gtptains belonging to the Duke of Guife, than otherwife. ' . . ' This I am fure of, that if there be any thing done, they mufl embark them, and afore they embark, there mufl be fome preparation made for that, about which I hope I have given fuch order, that it fhall be no fooner in hand, but your Majefly fhall be advertifed of it ; having upon all havens, upon the coaft of Normandy and Brittany, provided to have prefent intelligence given ; befides that I have, to be furer, fent, both into Brittany and Normandy, men for the purpofe. I pray God keep his continual hand of his grace upon your Ma- jefty, as he hath done hitherto, and to preferve you from all enter- prizes againft your perfon, which your Majefty muft be carefuller to look to than ever, with more care of yourfclf, both for your own fake, and all your poor fubjedls : for, aflfure yourfelf, that I know for a certainty, out of the bdwel§ of your evil-difpofed fubjeds here, and of them that are here furtherers of their naughty fafhion, that they are out of hope of all ways and enterprizes to hurt you, but !■ t \ ^\ \ x\ 3 «d )8 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA- BETH. f| H iliii 1 ill IH 1 1 il !-• •? i ' -i fffiiffl !•■; r ?:'i- lirl r,. r'i^« ii' Mi 1' W^' ■ i ,1 't^! t but only two; the one, by the way of Scotland, which they give out that they have afluredly at their commandment ; the other, by the deftru£tion of your perfon, which they hope for. As for Ireland, they ftick not to nvake a mock at it, and to fay, they pradife there, but to keep your Majefly at the gaze, and to fperid your money, which they fay, they can make you fpend in great quantity, with a fmall charge of their part, and that it is the better way not any more to feek you, but at the fountain. I know not whether your Majefty be advertifed of it, but I think, if it be fo, you fhould be fooner than we here, that the King of Spain hath fenl a perfon of credit from him into Scotland, and treated with the King of Scots, and that there are fix hundred that are either gone, or upon the point of going, into Scotland, moft of them ihuf- ketteers. If it be fo, it is the beginning of a fire, that will burft out into fome great flame, which there are naughty people here look fliall not be long afore it come. There was never more of our naughty people in France than there is now, nor thM (]peak fo vil^ lainoufly, nor fo plainly againfl your Majefty, nor that feek every hole open, where there may be fome pradices found againft you. I take a courfe of a fhow of mild dealing with every body, which maketh, that they that be lead evil of them, are not afraid of me, and by that means I hope that there fhall no matter of ripenefs be, that can come to their hands, but I fhall have an inkling of it. I hope to do your Majefty fome kind of fervice with that courfe, and to keep it, without your Majefty give me commandment to the contrary. It may be a dangerous courfe for me, if any body that loveth me not, liave power to do me harm with you ; but, in the mean time, being the likelieft courfe to do you fervice withal, I will put mine own par- ticular harm in a venture, to do the beft good I can to your public fervice. Now to advertife your Majefty certainly of them that are like- lieft to ehterprize agtunft you here, or to favour it. Fot the houfe of STATE PAPERS. »99, of Guife, your Majefty knoweth their good-wills well enough. For the Kiog> his courle of dealing is fuch, and fo uncertain, that, by rea- fon of the uncertainty of his favours, ther^ can never be aflured judgment given which way he will bend himfelf ; for, as long as Efpernon hath credit, he will hinder any thing the Duke of Guife doth, and fince thefe lad quarrels, private heart-burnings are, that be not fo hidden but men fee them, and it is greatly feared that he will not long lad, but that he will have St. Megrim's end : and certain it is, that Manningville had been difpatched long fmce, if he, becaufe the Guife favoured the matter, had not hindered it : but flill they prevail, for I hear it for certain, that Manningville ihall be difpatched, and embark at Eau. Whenfoever it be done, it will be fo fuddenly and fecretly done, that I fhall hardly have time to give your Majefty warning. And therefore, what your Majefty thinketh fit to be done in it, is to be done upon this warning, both for that your Majefty mindeth to do yourfelf of that fide ; and for me, if it be your pleafure to have me do any thing in it, that you fend me your pleafure with all the expedition you may. The third, that I fear in the end, as much as any in France, is Monfieur. I fee his difpofition fuch, and fo flexible, to be brought to do any thing to feed his ambitious humour ; and fince this laft quarrel of Efpernoa and D'Aumale, he hath not let the opportunity fail, and fought upon the Duke of Guife in prefenting of him favour, which he hath often done afore, but they would never bite at it; but now it feemeth, they make fliow to hearken to it. The only hope tliat there is left of their not thoroughly agreeing is, that they know him. And this I am fure of, that no longer agone than yefternight, the Duke of Guife had private conference with a friend of his, about the matter, and afked him advice in it, being a thing, as he faid, he could not tell what to do in ; the King's difpofition, to grace Petits Valets afore him, moving him; one way and Monfieur's nature 6 another ELIZA. BETH. 1583- *— V ' \ i I 111 Xm 200 STATE PAPERS. ELIZA. BETH. 1583. another way, putting him in fear to have any thing to do with him. His friend's counfel was to him, to temporize, and to entertain Monfieur with as many courteous meflages, and offers of fervice, as he could ; but to take heed he committed nothing to writing, for fear left time would give him caufe to repent Monfieur's acquaintance, which was, and had been yet, dangerous to as many as had dealt with him, confldering his little ability, and lefs difpofition, to have regard to any men of quality that did him fervice. And befides his iiccuf- tomed ufe to keep any thing he had in ftore, to cut men's throats that had offered him fervice, when he was once weary of them ; which was hourly to be feared, his uncertainty being fo great, as he, and every body knew it. And therefore, by any means, to keep that hand, that Monfieur (hould have caufe for the prefent to be con- tented, and he in liberty to cleave either to him, or to remain faft to the King, which was the likelier of the two, confidering his pre- fent ftate in the Crown, with the which he had ever held, and the other's nature, which he was to (land in awe of. The Duke of Guife embracing him, refolved to follow his coun- fel, and upon that fpake in fuch fort to Drow, that under colour of being fent to the King, was fent about that matter to the Duke of Guife, who ufed it fo well, that Drow went away marvellous well fatisfied ; but when he required the Duke of Guife to write to Monfieur, he defired him to pardon him. So that I hope they will one entertain another, to ferve the other's turn, without, any thing at all, trufling one another. ' Pinard, as I writ to Mr. Secretary the laft day, is returned from Monfieur, marveloufly difcontented. He went for two fpecial things, the one to bring Monfieur to the Court, according to his promife to the Queen Mother ; the other, to get Cambray into the King's hand. For the firft, Monfieur anfwered divers reafons why 1 1 1 1 1 1 j r'MSt M ,..|K1 Js iv^ ■i ^mk M ■ STATE PAPERS. 201 he would not come to the Court : at the leneth he made a demand, E L i z a- ° BETH. to have his guard lodged in the King's houfe, as well as the King's, is33- which the King took in marvellous ill part. For the fecond, Pinard offered Monfieur from the King, that if he would put Cambray and the citadel into any man's hand that could fpend in France 25,000 Franks a year, to be the Governor of it, he would pay the garrifon and defend it upon his own coft and charge ; or if he miftruiled that them that he fhould put in, might be too much at his devotion, he was contented to name unto him three of his own followers, that were men of quality ; and if he would put any of them in, he would do the like i which were Rochepot, La Chaftre, and Bellegarde. But to be ftill at the charge to furnifh him whenfoever he would, to fpend his money, and wafte and fpoil his people, and to leave the government of a town of fuch importance in their hands, that have neither honefty to care for, nor goods to be- careful of the lofs thereof, what treachery foever they committed, that he would not do. Which Monfieur refufing, was the caufe that Pinard came away dif- contented, and the King protefting that he (hould never be defired more to come to him, nor offered reafonable help, feeing he fo little fet by it. Very wife men think here, that know Monfieur's humour very well, that when the King will no more intreat him to come, he will come of himfelf upon a fudden, and that he will be fain at length to defire that for Cambray that the King offereth. Monfieur beginneth to be fomewhat more followed than he was, by means of the King's dealings in this riflembly ; for nei- ther the clergy is contented with him, nor the nobility. For he feeketh to draw more from the clergy than they will ever grant him, but by force ; and feeketh to draw from the Nobility, part of their authority over their vaffals (as they term them), which will never be done without blows. And that maketh both forts to flock about Monfieur, more than they were minded; fo that D d the t : 208 STATE PAPERS. W/h?"' *^* ^^^ ^"" '"^° *^^ '^^^^^ ^"'^ ^° ^^^^^ Monfieur's grcatnefe will >S83- begin to rife again by the King's defaults. Some, as wife as they, think, that the King, finding it, will take up in time, and that though he do not, Monfieur hath fo evil ufed the reft of his fair offered for- tunes heretofore, that any thing that can be offered him hereafter, will come but to wind, as the reft have done. . There came to me the laft day, late in the night, one apparelled like a Jefuit, defirous to come to me very fecretly ; told me he wag ready to do your Majefty all the fervicc he might, afTuring himfclf, that, according to your liberality accuftomed, you would recompencc him ; and that, for my pajrt, I would keep his dealings fecret to my- felf ; which affuring him, both of your part, for your liberality, and mine, for my fecretnefs, he declared to me firft, how he was often with the Spanifh AmbafTador, and now, by reafon of his coat, began to be great with the new-come Nuncio; that he fourfi great amity contracted between them, which, might be prejudicial to your Majefty. That he would difcover to me, from time to time, ?.ll their dealings ; and that he gave me warning of one thing, that my wife was thought to be a Catholic in mind, though fhe made no fliew of it, and therefore I was to take heed what dealings (he was ac- quainted withal. To the firft, I encouraged him all the ways I could, with afTurance of my gratefulnefs, to : '■ •. uttermoft of my power, and hope of your Majefty *s reward farther. For the laft I thanked him greatly for it, told him it was a thing that I had al- ways feared, and therefore defired him to have a fpecial eye to it, that I might be advertifed of it, and that, if I did once know it, I would keep her (hort enough. Which courfe I held with him, for two reafons, one, to have it given abroad that fhe is fo, which I have gone about, ever fince I came hither, to blow abroad, to make thofe women that be privateft about the Queen Mother, of the beft fort that come to fee her, to fpeak franklier to her. The other, to fee by the blowing of it abroad by him, whether he were a man fct . 6 • of StATE PAPERS. 303 of purpofe to feel me or no. Which not only I have found out ^b^et^^* that way, being a thing by his means fpread round about the next '583- days after ; but alfo I prefently dogged him, and found that he went to the Duke of Ouife*8 houfe prefently from me> and that he is one of the belonging, and only depending upon him. I hope both to make his news he hath fpread abroad, and him, to ferve your turn, as I will make her handle the matter, and as I will ufe him, if your Majefty will fometimes make fome letters be written to me for the purpofe, that I may (how. And thus let me make an end, with making your Majefty to laugh, at one that came the laft day puffing to me in great hade, affuring me, that it was certified that Segur's going into England was, to feek marriage of you for his matter. And that he had car- ried a tefiimony from all the churches, that confidering this lafl accident of the Queen his wife's, he was at liberty to put her away, marry again, which they counfelled him to, and that your Majefly gave attentive ear to it. I anfwered him as coldly as I could, that was a thing I was not acquainted with, but that I knew your Ma- jefty not fo hot to marry, but both you would have leifure to fee him free that fought you, and give us leifure to talk more of the matter afore it were done fo fuddenly. Of the matters of the Queen of Navarre, I have written fo at large to Mr. Secretary, that my letter being already tedious enough, I leave troubling of your Majefty, and commit you to the tuition of the Almighty. This firft of December 1583. I befeech your Majefty that this matter of my wife may not pafs yourfelf, for if it be given out any way at all, the play is marred, and your Majefty 's fervice that way loft. There was news came hither yefterday, that Monfieur was, with force, come from Chafteauthierry. Some fufpeded he was come fe- cretly hither, to fpeak with the King and Queen Mother. And all his own folks here were in a marvellous dump. But the King D d 2 and .1 . l^'l i: 304 ELIZA. BETH. 1583. STATE PAPERS. and Queen Mother were in greater, for they had advertifement he was gone into Languedoc, and were greatly amazed. Yet the cer- tainty is not known, but I had a lacquey from a friend of mine there this morningi and letters, by the which I am aflured, that Monfieur is there Aill, but that he went about a little love matter two or three leagues, and lay out but one night. To be more cer- tain of all, 1 have, under colour of fending Monfieur a nag of mine, that Monfieur hearing of had a mind to. I have fent one pur- pofely to prcfent that nag, that will bring me the certainty. Endorfed, copy of my letter to the Qiieen, by Painter, the firft of December 1583. . 1583. Deccmb. ifl. Sir E* Stafford to Secretary Walfmgham^ SIR, "C I R S T, to begin with fuch things as have pafled, or that I omitted in my laft letter. The King fent for Clernaut after that he was gone, and told him, that he had fent Bellievre to deal about the matter of his fifter ; that he was very forry with all his heart, that evil reports had made him do that which he had done towards her. That he defired him to be a means to the King of Navarre, to have all things done to his fitter's honour ; for, if he did not deal well with her, all the wars for religion in France fliould be nothing near unto that which fhould now be againft him with extremity ; that he would not have his blood difhonoured, and bid him go fpeak with the Queen his mother, who fhould tell him more ; which Cler- naut did without any reply, to hear her afore he would make his anfwer. Thereupon he went to the Queen Mother, who delivered him the fame thing the King did. And added withal, that for her own particular. STATE PAPERS. 305 particular, in dealing well with her daughter, fhe would be the King ^}'^\'^\J^' of Navarre's agent in all his caufes, and Clernaut's for being the "s^j. mediator of it. To her, CIcrnaut anfwered, that the King had ufed the fame fpeeches to him, to whom he had forborne to anfwer; for the rcfpeft that he had, put him over to farther fpeech with her; but to her he defired pardon, though he anfwered plainly, he would carry no fuch anfwer to his Mafter. That the ground of her difhonour came from hence, whence it was to be repaired. That if, the fault coming from hence, they would, by ufing extremity, feek to make him do a thing fo diflionourablci he was fure he had that courage, that he would abide rather all hazards, and put himfelf in the protedion of God ; and with that departed, and would have fpoken with the King again, but he found him gone through the Queen Mother's chamber a back way into the park, where in paffing he had fpoken with her; and Villeroy fent for him an hour after, and told him, he was forry for the fpeeches that had pafled from the King, and fo was the King himfelf fmce, being moved with an advertifement that came to him from that country, that the King of Navarre meant prcfently to repudiate the Queen and take another. And dcfired him to be fo difcreet as to make no word of that to the King of Navarre, the King having fpoken it in choler, which he was very forry for. To that Clernaut anfwered, that he never meant to deliver any fuch; meflage to the King of Navarre, whatfoever had come of it. For the Queen of Navarre, Bellievre had made her advance her- felf to Cadillac by the laft news : fome fay now to Nerao, but the King of Navarre goeth ftill farther from her, and there is yet no news that Bellievre is come to him. • • The King of Navarre "s in Foix, and in going, furprized a'town of his own called Mont tlu Marfant, which, by the laft peaces fliould have been put into his hands, and they ever kept it againft the King's will, as the King affirmed by all meffages to the King of ' 1 Navarre, -j; ff» a im 4'i- ^^ f :■!■ mm 206 ELIZA BETH. '583- « , 1 STATE PAPERS. Navaire, who prefently fent word to the King of it, tliat Teemed to be very well contented with it, though I know he ftorm marveloufly at it, and know not whereabouts they are, fpecially by the King of Navarre's going into Foix, which is within four leagues of Montreal, and not far off D'Anville, with whom they fear marveloufly his con- ference. The King is marveloufly offended with the Duke of Savoy, both for the taking of Colmars, which he doth rurpe