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Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de i'ang\e sup^irieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de h'i^ut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. by errata led to ent une pelure, Fapon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 nr^^'' M CI ^Of^ ((■ «-Ci. fi * ,vwv< c^*^ S P E E C H 'O/05. OP Mr. GOLDWIN SMITH, AT THK B^^nSTQTJET OF THE I •I a Chamber of Commerce of the State of Ilevz-York, NOViiMBER 20, 1888. .Vft'TF- r07?A' .• PRESS OF THE C H A M H E R OP COMMERCE. 188 8. h t t at 1 s p Ji; Ji; c H ov Mr. GOLDWIN SMITH, AT TflE B.A.ISJ'QTJEIT OF TUK Chamber of Commerce of trie State of Kew-York, NOVEMBER 20, 1888. XEW YOTlK : PRESS OF THE CHAMBER O l" C O M M E R C K . 1888. W SPEECH In resi>on(lin>^ to the toast, "Our Relations with Canada — May all our (lifforcncos be amicably adjiistetl, ami our intercourse become increasiiii^ly reciprocal and profitable," Mr, Goldwin Smith spoke as follows : Mr. Pjiesident : As a Canadian, I have tbe greatest pleasure in responding to this toast. Such an expression of good will, on the part of such a body of American citizens as the Chamber of Commerce of New- York towards Canada would be welcome at any time, but is specially welcome at this time, when there has been a little misun- derstanding, not between the two communities, but among the diplomatists and politicians. Let me assure you, that among the great mass of Canadians your friendly sentiments will find a cordial response. As you have some gentlemen among you whose delight it is to twist the tail of the lion, so we have some whose delight it is to twitch the feathers of the eagle, but their number is small, though they take care that the public shall not ov(;rlook their existence. The imperial bird, probably, feels it as little as the royal beast. Both sets know pretty well that nothing serious will ever hap})en, and that they are not likely ever to l)e called upon to face the shot. Why, there are a million of Canadians already on the south of the line ; ])eople who swagger about iron-clads forget that they would be bond)arding their own sons and brothers. As to the Fisheries question, I believe you will agree with me, that if diplomacy cannot settle it soon and amicably, I'le pay of the diplomatists ought to be stopped. It is political party that l)reeds all the trouble. Let two mendjers of the Chaml)er of Commerce of New- York meet two members of the Hoard of Trade of Toronto, and the (pu^stion would be settled in a few hours. There are some of us. however, who look forward to a more complete and lasting settlenit'iit of all coniiiiercial questions hctwetiii Canada and the United States than any Fisheries 'rreaty can atTord. We look forward to a settlement conceived in the spirit of those Jiritish statesmen who, after the disastrous sehism in our race, desired, as far as the circumstances of the case would jxM'init, to tjfet l>ack to happier relations, and, instead of our becoming mere aliens and foreigners to each other, to have an amicable partition of the Anglo- Saxon Emj)ire. The Fisheries dispute will be at rest forever, when the fisheries and the coasting trade are common to us all. I had the honor, some time ago, to receive from your President a letter of inquiry on the subject of Commercial Union. I believe I may say, with confidence, that the subject is taking a strong hold on the minds of our Canadian people. The eyes of our people have been opened as they have not been for a long time, if they ever were before, to the advantages of unrestricted trade with their own continent. All our great natural industries — those of the farmer, the lumberman, the ship-owner and the fisherman — desire the removal of the tariff wall. Even of our manufacturers, only the weaker class object ; the stronger are ready foi' the open market. You know that party ties, even when very irrational, are very strong, and at bye elections it is difficult to break them ; but even at our bye elections popular interest in the question has begun to tell, and at our next general election our trade relations with the United States are evidently going to be the main issue. To me it has always seemed that the map settles the question. Nature has manifestly made this continent an economical whole, ordaining that its products. Northern and Southern, shall supplement each other, and that all its inhabitants, with their varied gifts and industries, shall combine in creating its common store of wealth. She has unified it by the great waterways, and where she has run chains of mountains, it has been from north to south, not ^rom east to west. Her behest has been completed by the railway system which has bound us, and is daily binding us closer together, and which Sepa- ratists help, with strange inconsistency, to develop, wlale they set themselves against the extension of commercial and general relations. To run a customs line across this continent, cutting off its northern margin commercially from the rest, is surely to fight against nature, and reject the benefits which she offers with outstretched hands. Viewed politically, the map of Canada presents avast and unbroken domain, including the North Pole, and equalling in area the territory of the United States. But, viewed economically, it presents four separate blocks of territory, having hardly any natural connection Canada and the- ford. We look of those IJritish race, desired, as t, to t]fet hack to tnere aliens and on of the Anglo- !st foi-ever, Avhen us all. I your President rnion. I helieve ng a strong hold ■ our peoi)le have me, if they ever e with their own e of the farmer, nan — desire the Dturers, only the be open market, tional, are very them ; but even ion has begun to elations with tbe issue. To me it on. Nature has e, ordaining that nent each other, 3 and industries, ealth. She has las run chains of om east to west, ^'^stem which has md which Sepa- 3, wlule they set general relations. J off its northern t against nature, stretched hands, vst and unbroken irea the territory- it presents four tural connection with each other, while eacii is naturally connected with th<' country imrjiediately to the south of it. Tl'ore are the Maritime Provinces, cut off l»y a wide wilderness from old Canada, French and English ; old Canada, cut off by another wilderness and hy Lake Superior from the newly opened prairie region of the North-West ; and the prairie region cut off hy a triple chain of mountains from liriti.sh Coliiml)i;i — while the Maritime Provinces are eeonomieally connected with the Northeastern States of the Union ; old Canada, with New- York and Pennsylvania ; the prairie i-egion, with Dakota and Minnesota. wlii(Oi are divitled from it only l>y a conventional line; and British Columbia, with the Pacific Territories and Stales. If you hap])en to see the map prefi.xed to the "Handbook of Com- mercial I'nion," ))ublislied hy the Toronto Commercial Union Club, the great facts of the economical case, and the conclusion to which they point, will he placed at needs those things which only the wealthier and nu)re scientific country can ])roduc(' to advantage, and on a suilicicntly large scale. The Canadian market will he opened to you as well as youc markets to Canada. Let Detroit say whether this is not to he desired. It was urged hy one of yonr p.umher, to wiiom I was talking just before tween Canada and the United States would not be fail', bi'cause Canada would open to Americans a market ol' only five millions in return for her admission to a niarket of sixty-tive millions. l>ut this, I venture to think, is an illusion. The five millions, like any other five millions, included within the commercial ]>ale, like the live millions of this State of New-York, would only receive their share of the general advantage, and would contribute as much as they received. Be- sides, when these resources were developed by access to a good market, the live millions M'ould rapidly become ten ; their Avealth would increase as well as their numbers, and their power of j)ur- chasing Amei'ican goods would increase with their wealth. 'J'he people of Canada are industrious, energetic and frugal ; they will add their full share to the common stock of ])rosperity. In removing tlie internal Customs line, it would ])e necessary, of course, to assimilate the seaboard tarilfs, otherwise there wouhl be smuggling through the country, of which the tariff was lower into that of which the tariff was higher. l:>ut the tarilfs have approached ea(!h other so much that this diffiouhy would hardh'' be iusuperalde. When rival i)retensions have to be adjusted, molehills of dilUculty are apt to swell into mountains ; l)ut when mutual benefits are to be enjoyed, mountains of difficulty often shrink into molehills. Canada, in consideration of the great advantages which she would reap, might well consent to yield a point to the country which has the far larger interest and the far longer coast line. iild !»(' if tlio har- oii is ciifiitv-two )st' ports art! per- nillioiis ; so that, ciistoiiis and lor iidcr a high tariit" •cady very small, ixty-oiic iiiiiiions oil, taking your iiid her lisli and ilthior and more on a sufticiently to you as well aH r tills is not, to was talking just and tlic United en to Americans admission to a ' to tliink, is an lillions, included lis of this State of the general \' received. Be- ccess to a good n ; tlielr Avealth ■ power of ])ur- ir wealth. I'he mgal ; they will ity. lie necessary^ of there would be t was lower into lave api»roached he insuperable. Us of ditliculty 1 benefits are to into molehills. rh'ich she would ntry which has (Observe that tlie principle of ( ' )mniercial T^nion applies merely to the internal trade of the continent. We do not raise the general qii<"«tioti between protection ind free trade, wliich divided your political )iarti(s in the recent ekction. We do not nicfldle with tlu' seal)oaid taiitV otherwise than for the purpose ol assimilation. We only say a line of custom houses drawn across this continent, whether between New-N'oik and I'ciiiisylvania or bciwceii Xew- ^'ol■k and Ontaiin. is, on any hypoihcsis, a nuisance, and ought to be removed. The Protectionist, it lie likes, may regard ( 'oiiiniereial Union as the complei ion ««! the pi'oteeted area. l}olli parties here, apparently, are for rtMliiction of revenue, and Commercial Knion gives you reduction of revenue and extension ot trade at the same time. jS'or do w(! touch any political question. The Kxecutive of our Commercial Union ( lul», which is the spicial organ of the move- ment, comj)rises men of both political parties, and men who, like myself, do not belong to any political jiarty at all. ^^ C want a verdict on the straight commercial (|uestioii. whether iiiteinal free trade will not be l)eiieiicial to the commerce ami inilustrv of this (!oiitinent. A\'c want a vi-rdict on that question apart irom all the jtolitical issues with which, in the vortex of party politics, it has been mixed. The body to which I have now the honor of speaking is one which can give such a verdict, because it is one of those bodies which, while politicians and diplomati.«ts are vexing the world Avitli disputes, often of an unp!otital>le kind, concerns itself with the real and substantial interests of the conimunitv. We are told tliat the world must alwavs be iioverned by party, and that there is no other possible way of carrying on free institutions. T suspect we would soon be in a bad way if the realm of commerce and industry were not practically governed by its own chiefs, men raised to their jtositions by genuine qualities, and who have hajjjtily hitherto used their ]i<)wer. in the main, with a firm and just hand. Ibit if jiarty government is to be at all tolerable, party, in its struggles for power, must respect the bread of Uie people. \'ou cannot take up a Canadian newsjtaper, or read the Canadian coriesjtondenee of one of your own journals, Avithout seeing that Canada is debating lier ])olitica! destiny, and that there is great diversity of opinion among us. Home, mostly of the oflicial class, look forward to perpetual or, at least, indefinite continuance in the state of a dependency. Some cherish tlie hope that Canada, in spite of her Avant of compactness and the French wedge in her heart, will i become an independent nation. Some think that the shadow can be made to go back on the dial of colonial history, and tliat Canada, in common with the other colonies, will surrender a part of her self-government to the government of an Imperial Federation. Others there are who believe that the English-speaking race upon this continent will some day be one people. As it was one people before the civil war of the last century, so they believe that it will in time be one people again, and that England, well advised as to lier true interest, will applaud and bless the union. Without the consent of England, Canada will do nothing. To Canada, at all events, England, according to her liglits, has been a good mother. What Mobodv in his senses desires is forcible annexation, which would give you disaffected citizens, and introduce discord into the vitals of the I'opublic. A despot, when he annexes, can send down a viceroy ; you would have to give the ballot, which would be used by unwilling citizens for the [)urposes of their discontent. If you want union at all, it is a free and equal union, a union of common interest and of the heart, :uch as a citizen of either country may advocate without treason, and welcome without dishonor. In the iceantime, while the political destiny of the tv/o countries is working itself out, why should not our industry and commerce enjoy the advantages of continental free trade ? Let me personally thank you, Mr. President and gentlemen, for the honor and pleasure of being here as your guest to-night. Twenty-four years, I believe, have passed since, a stranger coming from England, I first experienced the courtesy of the Chamber of Commerce of New- York. It was not, I think, at one of these annual banquets, but at a re-union of some other kind. That was in the dark days of the war, though the sun of American destiny was beginning to break through the clouds. Your paper, if I re- collect rightly, was at about fifty per cent, discount. After my return to England I was at a large dinner party at which some per- sons of distinction were present. I was the only tnan at that table who believed that you would pay your debt. Now it is not you that do not want to pay the debt, but the debt that does not want to be paid. The French monarchy was the mightiest in Europe, and an aimual tleficit, which at last did not exceed twenty-five millions of dollars, was sufficient to lay it in the dust. I almost feel that I have been presumptuous in addressing such an asseml)ly as this on such a subject as the trade relations be- tween the two "ountries, being, as I am, nothing but a private Cana- dian citizen. I have, however, at least no interest or motive other •^ V Lit the shadow can y, and that Canada, tider a part of her aperial Federation, speaking race upon .s it was one people believe that it will well advised as to lion. Without the To Canada, at all sen a good mother. annexation, which ce discord into the xes, can send down hich would l)e used liscontent. If you union of common nther country may dishonor. In the tv/o countries is try and commerce than the desire that our Canadian people should enjoy the fair earnings of their industfy and the measure of prosperity which nature has designed for them. Let me once more cordially re- ciprocate the kind and courteous words of the toast to which I am responding, and assure you that they will find no doubtful echo in the hearts of the great mass of the Canadian people. ind gentlemen, for ur guest to-night. a stranger coming of the Chamber of k, at one of these IV kijid. That was American destiny four paper, if I re- scount. After my at which some per- y man at that table ^ow it is not you that does not want ightiest in Europe, exceed twenty-five dust. in addressing such trade relations be- but a private Cana- 38t or motive other