IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 ^ 4i. 
 
 
 d 
 
 '/J 
 
 :/. 
 
 1.25 
 
 •wwt. 
 
 U ill 1.6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STREET 
 
 WUSTH.N.Y. USaO 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 #1 
 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historlques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 D 
 
 Couverture endommagie 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurte et/ou peliicuiie 
 
 I — I Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 |~~| Coloured maps/ 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 
 D 
 
 Cartes gtographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (I.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire) 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 ReliA avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re iiure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge int6rieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. 
 mais. lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas AtA filmAes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplimentaires: 
 
 Thai 
 toth 
 
 L'Institut a microfilmi le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a tti possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la methods normale de filmage 
 sont indiquis ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restauries et/ou pelliculies 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxei 
 Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piquies 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ditachdes 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualiti indgale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materit 
 Comprend du materiel supplimentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 r~pjr Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 r~^ Pages detached/ 
 
 rr^ Showthrough/ 
 
 F^ Quality of print varies/ 
 
 r~1 Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I I Only edition available/ 
 
 The 
 poss 
 of t^ 
 filmi 
 
 Orig 
 begi 
 the! 
 sion 
 otha 
 first 
 sion 
 or ill 
 
 The 
 shall 
 TINI 
 whi( 
 
 Map 
 diffc 
 entii 
 begi 
 righ 
 raqi 
 mat 
 
 D 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure. 
 etc.. ont M filmies A nouveau de fa^on i 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filmi au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous. 
 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 
 32X 
 
Th« copy filmad h«r« hat b««n raproducad thanks 
 to tha ganaroaity of: 
 
 Thomas Fiihar Rart Book Library, 
 Univanity of Toronto Library 
 
 L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grica A la 
 gAnirosit* da; 
 
 Thomas Fishar Rara Book Library, 
 Univarsity of Toronto Library 
 
 Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality 
 possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility 
 of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha 
 filming contract spacificatlons. 
 
 Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad 
 baginning with tha front covar and anding on 
 tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- 
 sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- 
 sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad 
 or illustratad imprassion. 
 
 Las imagas auivantes ont M reproduites avac le 
 plus grand soin, compte tanu da la condition et 
 da la nattat* da I'oxamplaire film*, et en 
 conformiti avac las conditions du contrat do 
 filmaga. 
 
 Las axamplaires originaux dont la couverture an 
 papiar ast imprimAa sont filmis en commenqant 
 par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 darniira paga qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par le second 
 plat, salon la cas. Tous las autres exempiaires 
 originaux sont filmis en common^ ant par la 
 prarmAra paga qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la darniAre page qui comporte une telle 
 amprainte. 
 
 Tha last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 ahall contain tha symbol -^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un das symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbols -<-»> signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmad at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure ara filmad 
 beginning in tha upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams llluatrata the 
 method: 
 
 Las cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour ttre 
 reproduit en un soul clichA. il est film* A partir 
 de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut an bas, an prenant le nombre 
 d'imagas nAcessaira. Las diagrammes suivants 
 illustrant la mAthode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 \ 
 
'fifc 
 
 »«^ 
 
 ■I" 
 
 ■i. 
 
 3. 
 
^tmmm ^mm- -^ J QJJ R N A L 
 
 ,||Mtr»*«fr» 
 
 -^-^i ratn ii ii.^^ ^, 
 
 j«f>t»<t* 
 
 OF 4,y0TA0E FOR THE DISCOVERY OF A 
 
 FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC; 
 
 FBBVOBMED IIT THB TBARS 1819-20> 
 
 or Bta mmbstt's s0^^ Moscui aj^d oriper , 
 
 VKBIB TIB OBAXM O* 
 
 «^)WH«LIAM BDWARD PARRT, R.N., F.R.B., 
 
 *,; 
 
 AND JDMIIANDBB OF THE EXPEIMTION. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX. 
 
 1^ niBuiUD BT ACtiosm o^^pn m>u»v ooiaaHionnM' oi nn AMOBiXfr. 
 
 r ■ .rvi 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDBD> 
 
 Tins 
 NOBTH GEORGIA GAZETTE, 
 
 AND 
 
 WINTER CHRONICLE. 
 
 FHILAOELPHU: 
 iMIftWTJBD JUfD PUBl^tSMBD BT ABRJUUM SMALLt 
 
 jf «"*"•" Na. 165, Chenat StNct. 
 
 ISM. 
 
 3^s3.^i 
 
 P!l? 
 
 
 PS^^TT? 
 
 • "'"'^---vw-iVV 
 
fh. 
 
 '(V* 
 
 • HmU It C^ g,y„, I, ^ n B. 
 
 G I 
 
 AN IS 
 
 M ^ T 
 
 I. •• 
 
 £8: 
 
 '^^r 
 
 /- Cotftmanded fiY 
 
 
 T 
 
 ^fim*t^xSmiS, 
 
J^ 
 
I -.Wf ' T ' 
 
 ^»|i|«ttiw* 
 
 "^■.11: 
 
 
 ^9- 
 
 •€ 
 
 ■<ir ''af "^ 
 
 .• ;Kt 
 
 
 >•. -V *t<»iiniw(»f^,-4. 
 
 \ 
 
 R^T' 
 
 S- .«t^;. 
 
 |||MMilpM«P 
 
 .'^to^i^SS^S 
 
 
PIP 
 
 imh 
 
 -ji-V, 
 
 », , ^tm f:fSk} 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 
 yd^ VII 
 
 XtPfl 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 
 femf to peiielnite (Ae Jee (o(^ ^Mtef^ <^MM(--royi^ lip tft0 i9t^ 
 '~4a$9age through ^ Mse to the Weotern Coait-FJtrrkoal of Foo- 
 MtiHon Baif, oh the southern tide of the eutrouce into Skr Jama 
 idMetuter*t SOmtd, • 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Mutnmee into BirJamet Laneastei's Sound of Bt^h^-^UmnUfvpltd 
 
 fo»MM to the Wettward—Dieeoverpand Bxaminaiion ^Jmmie 
 
 SeteiSpt JiiUt^Progress to the Southward eUmped hff JSx^Jfiktuim 
 
 %., teihe JVbrtiiward— Poia Barrow^t Stnritf and enter the Polar Seop 
 
 « • • • . • . ». • 33 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 tiaoourdiU Jfypearakees of an open Wetterl^ Pateage^Lond to the 
 '\ JNMhwardt a teriee of Alunde—'General ofpearanee af tlum-^ 
 ^tket wiih tome O^truetionfrom toip Idandt mrromuted mith M 
 -^Bentatni ijf Eepnmaux Bute, and neitund product^ i ~ 
 Martin JUaiuf — Tedioue JilUvii^UionJrom Foge and Md&-^1 
 of tteering a proper Couree — JirriotU and itonding on 
 htand—Proeeed to the mttward, and reacft the Mtridion oTitO* 
 IT. Long,, the Jknt ttage in the Senile fjfaewarde granted ty Jet 
 if Parliament, . . , . 54 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 JMIer ex m n enaH an of MeMUe Itland'^^Conliniutttion of oar jnv- 
 gr0to the fFesttpard-^Long detention iy the lee-^Parhf itnt on 
 ffttfrc to hunt Deer and Jflusk-oxen-^Betum in three (MM* ^kt 
 hring their way— Mtnone^jf <m their oaxwiit— tProceerf to Me met" 
 
 M 
 
 ^.Mphr^,' s«.«v,»»4iL 
 
 ^^-.xrf^uJ^Ai* 
 
 'Jiw ffl W l !nwma» ii H M Mytf ?. 
 
«".'%^.Tff-,flr'mT- — .jtwi^^ ■'■''"**!'' 
 
 , 
 
 if 
 
 OONTBXTftf 
 
 ward, tittJiwUlif itopaed fty the Ici-*In retumnig tb m Boitward 
 the Oriper forced on the beach fry the lee—^arehfort and diKvotry 
 ojt a Wvdtr HaiAow cm MdviU/t /stond— fl^peralJOM S^ Mcuniif 
 tht Shifi in thtif ftvKXif qp^ntUn* . . . 7S 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Preeou/iofts far securing the Ships and Stora — For promoting good 
 of4cr» ckanlineut health, and good-humour, anumg the fiSk^ii' oo»- 
 pania^Establiihment of a VutUre, and of the Mrth 6eorgia 
 Oofiette^Breeiion of ofi Obttrp^tor^ qn Short^Qommtme Mr 
 wader's Jmusements— State ofihe'i^mperature and various Mko- 
 rologic^ Phenomena'-^isedlaneous odeurrences to the dose l^the 
 Fear 1810. . . . . . . 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Mr 
 
 iW ^ ■ 
 
 First J^Mrance ^ ^cwrvy-^The Jturora Borealit and other MUeo- 
 totogusal Phenomend^Visits of the H^otves-^Be-appetirauee qf the ' 
 .^un— Extreme low Temperature— 'Destruction oftne MauK onSfwre 
 by Fire— severe Frost-bites occasUmed by thU Jieddent. 118 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 More temperate Weather-^Bome 12^-&ut{f— ^n(i(y ofJce eoUtefed on 
 ^ OMs lower detk^-^JtfUeoroUfgieal Fh(fnomcna~^ConM$i^ 
 ^ D^fricof BnterttttHmenti-^Tncreased Siekness on board Me 
 Griper—Clothes first dried in the open JUr-^Hemarkable Halos 
 4nd FarheliaSnoW'blindness— Cutting the Ice roum^Vie Ships 
 and other Oeeurrenees to the ekdeqf Miy, . .133 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Jtimwi^ross Mthfm Island to thej^nnihem Shore, and return to 
 ^ Mips by a diffntnt Boute* '' . . . iS$ 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Oeomrencee at ff^ter Biarbour in the early Part of June—Gradual 
 pissolutisn of the Ice upon the Sea, and of the Snow upon the tand 
 •—HunHttg Parties sent out to procure Game— Decease and Burial 
 ofvrmiam Scott— Equipment of the Ships completed— Temperate 
 feather during the Month of July— Breaking up of the Ice near the 
 mps^,,^ove to the lower Part of the Harbour— Separation of the 
 loe atihe BUtrance-^Prepare to SaU—Mstraet ^ ObserwiHens 
 ma^ m minttr Harbour, .' . v f* ; ^yy 
 
MimiiTi. 
 
 9h 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Leave Winter Barhemr^¥UUUritig Jfypearomt tf thi Sea Ut Ihe 
 Weihoard^-^Stopped 6y fAe Jbe near Ctepe B a a Fwrthtr FrtfrtM 
 to tke longiMe 0^113*48' 88".5» being the freetemmoei Mniiiaa 
 hitherto reached in the Fotar Sea* to the Mrth qf .iMcrioo— 
 Banke*e Land dieamered^nereaeed Extent and Dim^ntiam eftht . 
 Jctf-— Xetem to the Eattward, to endeavonr to penetrate the 10 ta 
 the SMhward-^Dieeoverif qf eteeral Melande'^Me-enter Barrage 
 Strattrand Survey He 8onth Coaet^Paee through Sir Jamee Laof 
 eaetetf^e Sound, on our Return to England. . .195 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Progreee down the ¥Ft$tem Coaet of Bqftn'e Ban^-'Meelt wtt4 Me 
 Whakre^-AeeouiA cfwrne Eequimaiux vn the Inlet called (Ac Broer 
 Clyde— Continue the Sureetf of the Coaet, till etopped bpMBein the 
 Latitude of QBi'—tMged to nm to the Eaetward^^miUeee Jl- 
 tempte to regain the Land^ and Pinal Departure from the /ec— Jto- 
 marke upon the Probable Exhtenee and PraetiaabUU^ </ a Mrth' 
 Weet Paseage, and upon the ff^hale^Pieherf — Baieteroue Weather in 
 eroeeing tfte Mlanlie — Loee rf the Btela*e Boweprit and Foremaet-^ 
 JirrivtU in England . . . . • 833 
 
 ird the 
 
 Baloe 
 
 Shipe 
 
 133 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 No. I. ■ M Jccomt of Experimetits to determine the JieeeleraHon 
 ofthe Pendulum in different Latitudee, . 267 
 
 No. II.— Aemarfcs on the State of BiaUh and Dieeaee on board the 
 Beda and Griper, . . . 270 
 
 No. III.— Gfeneroi Bemarke on the Beight of the Tidee in Winter 
 Harbour. . . . . 378 
 
-t^-^ll-w^ 
 
~ r^ ^, 
 
 3^1 Tfl*»s* *'»§^:X^'" ' 
 
 nrtnoDUCTroN. 
 
 HIS Majmtjr'fe Government having determinid en th* aqvUp- 
 nent of an Expedition to ittempC the diMover]r of a Nordi-weet 
 Paetage into the Pacific, the Lord* Commiuionen of the Admi* 
 lUty were pleased to honour me with the command ; and my Com* 
 miMion for Hit Majetty's ship Hecla, waa dated the 16th ot Janu* 
 try, 1819. I arrived in London on the aoth, and commiauoned 
 the Hecla at Deptford on the following day. The second vessel 
 appointed for this service was the Griper, gun-brig i she waa eom- 
 nissioned by Lieutenant Matthew Liddon, who was directed to 
 ^t himself under my orders, on the d9th of Janaary. 
 
 The Hecla was a bomb, of three hundred and seventy-five tona« 
 built in a merchant's yard at Hullf in the year 1815, of large scant* 
 fing, and having a capacious hold* which made her peculiarly fit 
 for this service. The Griper was originally a gun4>rig, of one 
 hundred' and eighty tons; and it was proposed by the Navy Board 
 fo raise tipon her a deck ok six feet, so as to increase her stowage 
 as much as possible. Both ships had been taken into dock about 
 the middle of December, in order to undergo a thmrough repair, 
 and to receive every strengthening Which the nature of the service 
 demanded. 
 
 The number of individuals employed on this service, amounted 
 to ninety-four ; their distributiop on board each ship is here shewn. 
 
 OFFICERS, SEAMEN, MARINES, &c. 
 
 Embarked en board Hia Majntya Shipt Beela and Griper, 
 
 ON BOARD THE HEOLA. 
 
 lieutenant and Comitoander— William Edward Parry - 1 
 
 Astronomer— Captain Edward Sabine, R.A. • • • I 
 
 Lieutenant— Frederick William Beechey • - «»' f 
 
 Surgeon— John Edwarda - - - - • - I 
 
 Puner—WUliam Harvey Hooper - - - . | 
 
 Carried over 5 
 
m' 
 
 vni 
 
 Brought over 5 
 Atiiitant Surgeon— Ale»uid«r ^iaher -. - - - 1 
 Midihipmen— Joienit Nias, WHliam J. Bekley, Charles Pal- 
 mer, James Clarke Ross, and John Bushnan . . 5 
 Clerk— James Halse - •- - - • - 1 
 Gunners-James Scallon w . . . . . 1 
 Boatswain— Jacob Swansea ..... i 
 
 Carpenteiw-William WaUis 1 
 
 Gre«dUnd Masl«r^ John Allisen - . - - 1 
 
 Greealaaci Male— George Cnlwfevd ... • 1 
 
 COOlC - - .; - - - - - - I 
 
 JLeadiiig Men - . . . ^ . . 4 
 
 Quarts-Master - - - - . - - % 
 
 6unners«>nnte - - - .... 1 
 
 Boatsiwain's-msite - - . - - . . i 
 
 Car|MiMerV>mate . . . . . . 1 
 
 Armourer'sHnate •> . - - - « 1 
 
 Sail-maker « . . . . . *. } 
 
 Able Seamen . . . .... 31^ 
 
 Serjeant of Marinet - - •.•«.! 
 
 PrNiites6f ditto ... . . . . $ 
 
 Total 5« 
 
 OH BOAKD THE GIIIPEB. 
 
 LfemtenaBC and Commander— Matthew Liddon - . | 
 
 Lieutenan^^-^enry Paricyns Hoppner - - - i 
 
 Assistant Surgeon— Cliitrles James Beverly - - 1 
 Midshipmen— Andrew Reid, A. M. Skene, and William 
 
 : Nelson Griffiths . . - - . .3 
 
 Clerk— Cvrus Wakeham ... . - 1 
 
 Greenland Master— George Fife - - . , . 1 
 
 Greenland Mate— Alexander Elder . . . . f 
 
 Cook . . . . . . . .1 
 
 Leading Men - -3 
 
 Quartnr^maaier w. ^ .. . -i 
 
 Gunner's-mate - - . - . . -1 
 
 Boatswain's-mate . . . . . . 1 
 
 Sarpenter's-maie . ./ l*. . - . i 
 
 .rmourerVmate . .' J . - - , % 
 
 Siil-maker . . . . . . .1 
 
 Able Seamen ...*. .•. . .18 
 
 Corporal of Marines - - - • . . 1 
 
 Brivatcs of ditto 4 
 
 Total 36 
 
 
 Km f s m 
 
ix 
 
 As an encouragement to the officers, seamen, and marines, Who 
 were desirous of being employed on this service, the Lords Com- 
 missioners of the Admiralty were pleased to grant to every indi- 
 vidual engaged in the Expeditioa, double the ordinary pay of His 
 Majesty's Navy. The ships were speedily manned with a full 
 complement of excellent seamen ; nearly the whole of those who 
 had served on the former Expedition having again volunteered 
 their services, besides numerous othen who were anxious to be 
 employed on this occasion. 
 
 llie mode of fortifying or strengthening the ships was princi- 
 pally the same as that adopted on board the Isabella and Alexan- 
 der in 1818. The Lords Commissionen of the Admiralty were 
 pleased to direct the Navy and Victualling Boards to furniah every 
 thing which the experience of the former voyage had suggested as 
 necessary, and during the whole progress of our fitting, I received 
 the greatest attention and assistance from those Boards, who most 
 readily complied with every wish expressed by me for' the more 
 complete equipment of the ships. 
 
 The mode of rigging the vessels was that of a barque, as being 
 the most convenient among the ice, and requiring t^e smallest 
 number of men to work them ; a consideration of no little impor- 
 tance, where it was a material object to sail with as few ptenons 
 as possible, in order to extend our resources to the utmost. The 
 Hecla's mizen-topsail was, therefore, taken away, and the mizjcn- 
 mast, top-nust, gaff, and driver«>boom lengthenedf so as to m|lce 
 lip, by a large driver and gaff-topsail, nearly the same quandiy cif 
 after-sail as htfd/ttt the foremast and mainmast remaining the SiNn^jl^ 
 as on the forttie/r Mtablishment. By this alteration we were enabled 
 to put the ship's company into three watches, a regulation which ia 
 well kiiK^wn to tettl very essentially to the health and comfort of 
 seamen, white it serves also the important purpose of teaching 
 them their own strength, and increasing their activi^ on occasions 
 requiring more than ordinary exertion. 
 
 The ships were completely furnished with provisions and stores 
 for a period of two years; in addition to which, a large supply of 
 fresh meats and soups, preserved in tin cases, by Messrs. Donkin 
 and Gamble, of Burkitt's essence of malt and hops, and of the es- 
 sence of spruce, was also put on board, besides a number of other 
 extra stores, adapted to cold climates, and a long voyage. Tht 
 antiscorbutics consisted of lemon-juice (which forma a part of the 
 
 f-t 
 
 
 
 g."; 
 ?(*, 
 
 1 1 
 

 
 daily rations on board His Majesty's ships), vinegar, sour-krout, 
 pickles, and herbs; and the whole of the provisions, which were 
 of the very best quality, were stowed in tight casks, to preserve 
 them from moisture or other injury. As a matter of experiment, 
 a small quantity of vinegar* in a highly-concentrated state^ recom- 
 mended and prepared by Doctor Bollman> was also put on board* 
 and was found of essential service, the greater part of the common 
 kind being destroyed by the severity of the frost. In order to save 
 stowage, only a small proportion of biscuit was received } flour, 
 which had been previously kiln-dried with great care, being substi- 
 tuted in its place. For the purpose of baking for the duly con- 
 sumption of the crews during the winter months, a portable oven 
 was furnished to the Hecia ; and after a good leaven had been once 
 (Obtained, we found no difficulty in baking light and wholesome, 
 bread, even in the severest part of the season. The ships were 
 ballasted entirely with coals, (of which the Hecla stowed seventy, 
 and the Griper thirty-four chaldrons), together with such a quan- 
 tity of fire>wood as was necessary for the stowage of the casks in 
 the holds. 
 
 To add to our warmth, and to keep out the snow during the 
 winter, a housing-cloth was prepared of the same materials as that 
 with which wagons are usually covered, and which being laid on 
 planks, supported amidships by spars lashed fore and aft between 
 iSfi masts, snd resting with their lower ends on the gunwale, com- 
 pletely answered the purpose for which it was intended. 
 
 Care was taken to provide abundance of warm clothing, and one 
 suit of the best quality was liberally furnished for each man em- 
 ployed in the Expedition, to be served gratis at my discretion* 
 Among the numerous articles of this kind which contributed es- 
 sentially to our comfort, a wolf-skin blanket was supplied for etch 
 officer and man, which, in addition to those of the common sort, 
 eifectually kept the people warm in their beds, although from the 
 necessary economy in fuel, the temperature of the decks was frer 
 quently much below the freezing point during the nights. 
 
 To be prepared against the chances of meeting with any nativeif 
 in the countries which we were about to visit, the ships were di- 
 rected to be furnished with a large quantity of various kinds of 
 presents, both to secure their friendship, and to purchase any sup- 
 plies of which wa might stand in need. In short, nothing was 
 
XI 
 
 omitted which could in any degree tend to the sucresl^Cff the en* 
 terprise, or to the health, convenience, and comfort of those en* 
 gaged in it. I feel myself particularly indebted to the kindness of 
 Commissioner Cdnningham, and the officers employed ihider him 
 in the different depai^ments of the dock-yard at Deptford, in com- 
 plying withy and even anticipating, my wishes for the promotion of 
 these objects. My thvnks are also due, in an especial manner to 
 my friend Captain Henry Garrett, agent victualler at that port, 
 whose ready ittention to all our wants in his public department, 
 could only be equalled by the warm hospitality we experienced 
 from him during the tim^ of our equipment. 
 
 While care was thus taken that nothing should be wanting to 
 ensure the success of the Expedition in its main object, the improve- 
 ment of geography and navigation, as well as the general interests 
 of science* were considered as of scarcely less importance. For 
 this purpose, a number of valuable instruments, (of which a list is 
 subjoined), were furnished to each ship; and Captain Sabih'c, of the 
 Royal Artillery, who was recommended by tHe Presidchit and 
 Council of the Royal Society, was embarked on board the Hecla, 
 as Astronomer to the Expedition. 
 
 Previously to our leaving Deptford, the ships were Visited by 
 Viscount Melville, who presided at the Admiralty, as well ias by 
 several of the Lords Commissioners, and by the Comptrblt<^r of the 
 Navy, who were pleased to express their satisfaction at th^ man- 
 ner in which their directions and intentions had been complied 
 with in the general equipment of the Expedition. On the 2d of 
 May, I repaired to the Admiralty, to receive their Lordship's final 
 Instructions for the conduct of the Expedition,' b copy of which im- 
 mediately precedes the Narrative. 
 
 List of the Instruments^ ^c. embarked 071 board each of the two ' 
 
 Ships. 
 
 TImm BMrked with an AMertek were farnialied to the Heela onlj. 
 
 * 2 Astronomical Clocks, with Stands. 
 
 11 Chronometers on board the Hecla, and ftfur on board the 
 » Griper. 
 
 #*| Transit instrument. - 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
/I 
 
 • 
 
 fc- / 
 
 xu 
 
 * 1 Portable obMnmtory. 
 
 * 1 Repeating circle. 
 
 1 Bipping*needle. * A second ditto, the property of Hemy 
 Browne, esq. 
 
 * 1 Instrument for magnetic force, on Captain Kater's improved 
 
 constructicm. 
 
 * 1 Variation transit. 
 
 * 1 Variation needle. 
 
 4 Azimuth compasses, on Captain Kater^s improved con- 
 struction. 
 
 1 Dip-sector, invented by Dr. WoUaston. 
 
 2 Mountain barometers. / 
 2 Marine ditto. 
 
 2 Altitude instruments, invented by Captain Kater. 
 
 1 theodolite. 
 
 2 Anglometers. 
 
 1 Circular protractor. 
 
 3 Artificial horizons. 
 1 Hydrometer. 
 
 1 Water-bottle, invented by Dr. Marcet. 
 10 Thermometers. . 
 
 * 4 Self-registering ditto, (Sixers), with iron cases for fastening 
 
 •to the deep-sea lead. 
 
 * 2 Electrometers, with chains. 
 
 Together, with a complete set of drawing instruments, scales, 
 beam-compaitses, &c. for the construction of charts. 
 
 On our return to England, in the beginning of November, 1820 
 all the journals, logs, charts, and drawings, which had been fur**' 
 nished by every individual belonging to the Expedition, were de^ 
 livered to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to be at. 
 their disposal ; and their Lordships were pleased immediately to 
 direct ^them to be returned into my hands, for the purpose of pre- 
 paring for4>ujblft^tioh^lindei^ their authority, an official account of 
 the voyage. ■ v 
 
 In performing this duty; it has been my earnest endeavour equal- 
 ly to avoid, on the one hand, a too minute and tedious detail of 
 occurrences, which^ as the materials for a future account, properly 
 form a part bf a manuscript journal, but which, if given in theit^ 
 original form, would only serve to tire by their repetition ; and on 
 
 \ 
 
 ■■—**»»•- ,^. ,„^. 
 
the other, to omit nothing which came under my notice, and that 
 may be considered interesting, either by the scientiBo or the gene- 
 ral reader. 
 
 The following account of the proceedings of the Expedition it 
 taken principally from the official Journal kept by myself on board 
 the Hecla, and always written within twen^-four hours after the 
 occurrence of the events recorded in it. In seVeral instances, how- 
 aver, I have been happy to avail myself of the joumala or reports 
 fiumisbed by the other offic^ers, in all which cases the obligation is 
 acknowledged by inverted commas, and by personalty mentioning 
 the individual who supplied the acbount. !>a» 
 
 The Chart in this volume, comprising surveys of every coast 
 visited by the Expedition during the voyage^ is reduced from 
 those drawH^on bc«rd the Hecla under my immediate inspection, 
 by Mr. Bushnan, Midshipman of that ship, a gentlenum well skill- 
 ed in the construction of charts, and in the art of marine skirveying. 
 The original is lodged in the Hydrographical Office of the Admi- 
 ralty, together with a detailed account of all the angles and other 
 materials used in their construction. As it waa known that no re- 
 liance could be placed on: the compaiises from the spot* where dur 
 discoveries commenced (namely, from the entrance of Sir James 
 Ijancaster*8 Sound, westward), it was determined j from the first, 
 altogether to reject magnetic bearings in the construction, of the 
 charts, using only those deduced astronomically from the sun's al- 
 titude and azimuth, together with its angular distance from the 
 object whose true bearing was required. Astronomical bearinga 
 were always thus obtained at the same time with observations for 
 latitude and longitude. Whenever it was considered expedient to 
 take them at other times, the log was of necessity resorted to, in 
 order to obtain the ship's place from the nearest observation ; and 
 when this time happened to fall nearly midway between two .ob- 
 servations, the mean of the reckoning, worked backwtoda, and for^. 
 irards, was taken to fix the ship's place. In the selection of an- 
 gles for the construction of the charts, those have, for obvious rea<^ 
 sons, been preferred, which were most easterly or westerly, when 
 an observation for latitude was made ; and those which were most 
 northerly or southerly, at the time of an actual observation for de- 
 termining the longitude. When Angles only were taken, that is, 
 when the sun was obscured so as to prevent the possibili^ of ob- 
 taining his altitude and azimuth, the angles were Hsed by laying 
 
 
XIV 
 
 
 tbcm off from one or more points, whose geographical position had 
 been previously fixed } and by this means, in many instances, the 
 former angles have been found to correspond and intersect accu- 
 ralely, when ^re would otherwise have been considerable dbubt 
 M to the exact place of the 'ship. The observations for latitude 
 nd kmgitade have been seldom or never made by less than two, 
 and frequently by three or four, observers^ and a mean of these 
 uaed in ihe coostrucdon of the chart. The observers were genc^ 
 rally Captain Sabine, Lieutenant Beechey, Mr. Hooper, and my- 
 aetf I the angles were taken with a sextant i sometimes by myself, 
 and sometimes by Lieutenant Beechey, to wliose skill and industry 
 an this department of my duty, I am happy to acknowledge myself 
 vary materially indebted. 
 
 To avoid unnecessary repetition in the course of Ae following 
 Narrativef it miwt be remuked that all the bearings are tii^ truh 
 OUM,^ uidess otherwise expressly noticed ; and the whole of the 
 latitudes are .iVbriA, and the longitudes West from the meridim of 
 Greenwich^ The temperatures were registered entirely l^Fah** 
 renhei^ tfiermometer, and it may be necessary to inform the gene- 
 ral reader^ that the signs + and •— preceding any number of degrees^ 
 signify above or below 2tfro of that scale. 
 
 The temperature of the sea at diffeteht depths was obtained, un- 
 less otherwise noticed, by Sixe's self-registering thermometer, con- 
 fiaedj in an iron case, and attadied to the deep-sea lead. The 
 bottle used for bringing up water from different depths bdow the 
 surface, was invented by Doctor Marcet, expressly for the use of 
 this Expedition. It consists of a strong and heavy cylindrical box 
 of cast iron, having a small aperture at each end ; through theses 
 apertures passes a bolt which, when let down into its place, com* 
 pletely closes them, but when held up by means of a catch in die 
 uj^er partof the box, allows the water to pass through them free* 
 Iy» both at the top and bottom; Being thus set, it is let down to 
 May depth required, by a line pacing through a hole in a spherical 
 iron weight about the size of a four-pounder shot, which is retain- 
 ed on board till the instrment is low enough ; the weight is then 
 let go, and running rapidly down the line, strikes the catch so as 
 to release it) and close the apertures, confining the water which 
 has entered the cylinder. Thi& instrument, from its extreme sim- 
 plicity, and the certainty with which it obtains the water from a 
 
 '-•*^*.t*%' . 
 
>y 
 
 known depth, scemf the best of any which has yet been adopted far 
 
 this purpose. 
 
 Care hasbeen taken to avoid* as much as possible, the use of 
 technical expressions, which might serve tp render the Narrative 
 unintelligible to any but seamen : as, however, such exprtasiona 
 cannot at all times be dispensed with» especially in the navigatioa 
 among^cc, the nature of which is totally diiferent from any other, 
 I have subjoined an Explanation of the few terms of this kind 
 which occur in the course of my Journal. 
 
 I had once thought to have cursorily drawn up a connected Nar- 
 ntive of the numerous efforts and the results of former Expedi- 
 tions, sent out, by this country and other maritime nations, to ex- 
 plore the Arctic ■regions, from the earliest periods to the present 
 time ; but as this would have occupied a considerable space, and, 
 after all, would have been but a brief abstract of what Forster, 
 Burney, and Barrow, have already done, it appeared, on second 
 thoughts, a superfluous undertaking. My mQtiv^ indeed, it must 
 be frankly owned, was rather of a selfish kind, the gratification of 
 myself and comrades, by thus bringing together the repeated ex- 
 ertions of two centuries, and those of a single vQyage» and by in- 
 stituting a comparison of their results, so favoun4>le and so flatter- 
 ing to ail oi us who had the good fortune to be employed on that 
 voyage. Here, however, I must be permitted to say that, what- 
 ever the extent of our success may have been, it is to be.aacribed^ 
 in a great degree, to the zealous and cordial co-operation of Lieu- 
 tenant Liddon and all the officers of both ships, and the uniform 
 good conduct of the, men, to all of whom, collectively and indivi- 
 dually, I am most happy in availing myself of this opportuni^, of 
 publicly tendering that justice which is so eminendy their due. 
 
 In closing this introductory part of the work, I would willingly 
 offer a few words by way of apology, for the many faults which, I 
 am but too well convinced, will be found in the s^le, of the Narra- 
 tive. It has been said, ** Les marina tcrivent mal, mat* avec asaez 
 de candeurJ*^ None can feel more deeply than myself the truth 
 of the former part of this assertion ; and none, I can with equal 
 sincerity aver, have studied more to deserve the concluding part ; 
 but I build my chief hopes of disarming the severity of criticism, 
 on a consideration of that early period of life at which the nature 
 of our profession calls. us from our studies, and which, in my own 
 case, drew me away at the age of twelve, and has kept me con- 
 
 
ttaadly emplojred at Mt ever tince. The extent of njr nioi hu 
 been, te give a plain and faithful account of Uie. facta which I col- 
 lected, and the observatimia which were made by niyaelf and oUiers, 
 in the conrae of the voyage; and these, as far as they go, may be 
 relied on as scrupulously exact. It is for others, better qualified 
 than ourselveSf to make their deductions from those tacts. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS 
 
 Made U»e of in the course of the foUowirig Narrative, 
 
 So^-iirr.— Ice newly formed upon the surface. 
 
 Beeeti^^The situation of a ship, when so closely surrounded by ice^ 
 ■ ' as to prevent her sailing about. 
 
 JSt^Af.— An indentation in a floe of ice, like a bay, by which name 
 it is sometimes called. 
 
 BHnk^-'K peculiar brightness in the atmosphere which is almost 
 always perceptible in approaching ice, or land covered 
 with snow.— Xand-blink is usually more yellow than 
 
 ' that of-^ ice. 
 
 jBore.— .The operation of ^boring" through loose ice consists in 
 entering it under a press of sail, and forcing the ship 
 through by separating the masses. 
 
 C/rar ITaffr.— The sea unincumbered with ice. 
 
 OottfViVtf«<p*-A circular house, like a cask, fixed at the mafet- 
 head, in which the look-out man sits, either to guide the 
 - ship through the ice, or to g^ve notice of whales. 
 
 Z)0ci.— An artificial dock is formed by cutting out with saws a 
 square space in a tluck floe, in which a ship is placed, in 
 order to secure her from the pressure of other mastes 
 which are seen to be approaching, and which might other- 
 wise endanger her being *« nipped."-— A <* natural dock'* 
 is simply a small bight, accidentally found under similar 
 circumstances. 
 
 /'{f^.^A sheet of ice^ generally of , great thickness, and of such 
 extent that its limits cannot be seen from a ship's Qiastr 
 head. 
 
 ?t,- 
 
 '^wrrf. 
 
ifo#.*«Tlie MOM M • field, except that its exteilf Mttbe dittm* 
 guisbed from « thtp^s raMt-head.— A « bay-floe'* it • 
 flo* of ice newly formed upon the surface. 
 
 A ffakf or P9»i tf Waier,^^K small space of clear water, sur^ 
 rounded by ice on every side. 
 
 Land /ce.-»tce attached to the land, either in floes, or in heavy 
 grounded masses, forced up near the shore by eztemid 
 pressure. 
 
 A Lead,-^A channel through the ice.— A ship is said to take a 
 right lead, when she follows that channel which conducts 
 her into a clear, or at least, a navigable sea, and vice vertSt, 
 
 ifipped.—'To be forcibly pressed between two or more masses lif 
 ice. 
 
 A Poci.— >A large body of loose ice, whose extent cannot be seen. 
 
 A Patch o/'/cff.— The same as a pack, but of small dimensions. 
 
 SaUing' Jce,if^lct of which the masses are so muth separated, aa ' 
 to allow a ship to sail among them without great difficulty, 
 
 A Tongve,-^A mass of ice projecting under water, in a horizontal 
 
 direction, from an ice-berg or floe.^— A ship sometimes 
 
 grazes, or is set fast on a tong(ue of ice, which may, how* 
 
 ever, generally be avoided^ being easily seen in smooth 
 
 ■'■■> • water. ■ ■ ■ ■ ' 
 
 AWater'Sitfi—'A certain dark appearance of the sky Which indi* 
 cates dear water in that direction, and which, when con- ' 
 trasted with the blink over iCe, or land, is very conspi- 
 cuous. 
 
 T^iijgo J^ff.—^The same as bay-ice. 
 
 •».V' 
 
 OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 By the Commissioner* for executing" the Office of 
 Lord High Admired of the United Kingdom 
 of Great Britain and Ireland^ ^c.^c* 
 
 WHEREAS we have thought fit to appoint you to the com- 
 mand of an Expedition, for the purpose of endeavouring to disco- 
 ver a North-west Passage from the AtIantic,to the Pacific Oceanr 
 you ar« hereby required* and directed tc put to sea in the Hecla, 
 and, in company with the Griper, wh. i, wi^h her commander 
 
 /^3 
 

 Lieutenant Liddon, hn been placed under yourorderty make tht 
 bcit of your way to the entrance of Davis' Strait. 
 
 On your arrival in this Strait, your further proceedinga must be 
 regulated chiefly by the position and extent of the ice; but, on find- 
 ing it sufficiently open to permit your approach to the weatern 
 shores of the Strait, and your advance to the northward as far as 
 the opening into Sir James Lancaster's Sound, you are to proceed 
 in the first instance to that part of the coast, and use your best 
 endeavours to explore the bottom of that Sound ; or, in the event 
 of its proving a strait opening to the westward, you are to use all 
 possible means, consistently with the safety of the two ships* to 
 pass through it, and ascertain its direction and communications; 
 and if it should be found to connect itself with the northern sea, 
 you are to make the best of your way to Behring's Strait. 
 
 If, however, you should ascertain that there is no passage through 
 Sir James Lancaster's Sound, but that it is enclosed by continucMis 
 land, or so completely blocked up with ice as to afford no hope of 
 a passage through it, you are in that case to proceed ta the north* 
 ward, and in like manner exan^ine Alderman Jones's Sound. Pul- 
 ing to find a passage through this Sound, you are to make the best 
 c^your way to Sir Thomas Smith's Sound* which is described by 
 Baffin as the largest in the whole bay ; and carefully explore, as far 
 as pvacticisblei every part of it, as well as of any strait ' you may 
 diecdveri leading from it into any other sea. On failing to midce 
 a passage through this Sound, you are to return to the southward 
 down Baffin's Bay, and endeavour to make your way. through Cum- 
 berland Strait, or any opening in that neighbourhood which may lead 
 you to the seas adjoining the eastern or northern coast of America; 
 you are then, by whatever course you may have reached these 
 seas, to pursue your voyage along that coast, to the northward or 
 Westward to Behning's Strait. 
 
 We have hitherto supposed that, on your first arrival in Davis' 
 $trait, the navigation to the northward shall be found practicable. 
 If, how^ivei*, you should find the contrary to be the case* and that 
 the sea towards the western side of the Strait is so loaded with ice, 
 as to render it difficult and dangerous for the ships to proceed so far 
 to the northward as Lancaster Sound, at so early a period of the 
 season ; it may be advisable, in that case, to endeavour in the first 
 instance, to examine Cumberland Strait, or any other opening that 
 jenay be likely to bring you to the eastern coast of America, in pre- 
 
 ■V. 
 
xix 
 
 femwe to the lost of time and the danger to the »hipt, whicli might 
 be occasioned in persevering too anxiously in the attempt to get 
 to Lancaster Sound t and should you, on your first reaching Davis' 
 Strait, find it to be impracticable to make your way up the western 
 side of the Strait to that Sound, or even to Cumberland Strait* you 
 will understand that you are at liberty to proceed towards those 
 places, going round by a more easterly track, if the state of the 
 ice, and all other circumstances, should induce you to think it roost 
 advisable to do so. Thus, although the track, which we wish 
 ^yott to pursue, if practicable, is pointed out } you will, nevertheless, 
 perceive, that the course to be finally adopted by you for getting 
 to the northward, is, in fact, left to your own discretion, on a care- 
 ful examination into the state of the ice on your arrival in Davis' 
 Strait; always bearing in mind, that, it is an important object of 
 the Expedition, that Lancaster Sound be thoroughly examined by 
 you, and afterwards those of Jones and Smith, if you should have 
 failed in previously finding a passage to the westward. 
 
 Should you be so successful as to find a passage to the west, 
 ward, it will be advisable to make the beat of your way, without 
 stopping to examine any part of the northern coast of America, to 
 Behring*8 Strait ; and if you should fortunately accomplish your 
 passage through that Strait, you are then to proceed to Kamtschatka 
 (if you think you can do so without risk of being shut up by the 
 ice on that coast), for the purpose of delivering to the Russian 
 Governor, duplicates of all the Journals and other documents 
 which the passage may have supplied, with a request that they 
 may be forwarded over land to St. Petersburgh, to be conveyed 
 firom thence to London. From Kamtschatka you will proceed to 
 the Sandwich Islands, or Canton, or such other place as you may 
 diink proper, to refit the ships and refresh the crews; and, if during 
 your stay at such place, a safe opportunity should occur of sending 
 papers to England, you should, send duplicates by such conveyance. 
 And,^after having refitted and refreshed, you are to lose no time 
 in returning to England, by such route as you may deem most 
 convenient. 
 
 If, at any period of your voyage, but particularly after you shall 
 have doubled the north-eastern extremity of America, the season 
 shall be so far advanced as to make it unsafe to navigate the ships, 
 on account of the long nights having set in, and the sea not being 
 free from ice ; and the health of your crews, the state of the ships, 
 
 
 T^'^ 
 
 -.•-:^^i 
 
$ni «tt ct mmmA ciwmBatMMt, fhotiU combiM to iedoM y«i t» 
 forpi tb« molMtion of winitring in tlipM regions, fou ore to «w 
 yoor btti fadAavoim todiicover m •hdtMod Mid'Milii hnboniv 
 whom iIm ihipt mmf bo flM«4 in •ccorMf for tlw wiater} taUay 
 ■yell OMMiirM for the health ami comfim of tha p a apl a coMimitiad 
 to jroor chargtt aa the oMteriaU with which yoo are airppllad for 
 houtipfin the^ ihipa^ or httttlii)g the omii on ehorot aMjr oMbla joha 
 to do. And, if jrou shall find it expedient to reiorc lo.thianMa* 
 tore, and you ihoald meet with any inhabitantft«itiMr EtqniaianK 
 ier Indians; near the place where jrott wintar, you are to endeavour, 
 by every meam in your power, to cultivate a friendahip with them^ 
 by making them preaenta of luch articles as you may br anppUad 
 with, and which may be useful or agreeable to them. You wiU^ 
 however, take care not to suffer yourself to be surprised by theaav'> 
 but use every precaution, and be coostandy on your guard agaiaat 
 any hostility. 
 
 You will endeavour to prevail on them, by such reward, and to 
 be paid in such manner, as you may think best to answer the pur- 
 poM, to carry to any of the settlements of the Hudson's Bay Com- 
 pany, or of the North* West Company, an account of your situa* 
 tion and proceedings ( with an urgent request that it may be for- 
 warded to England with the utmost possible despatch. 
 
 Ini|n undertaking of this description, much must, <tf course, be 
 alif lya left to the discretion of. the commanding officer-) ind, as 
 the :^ects of this Escpedition have been fully explained to you^ 
 and you have idready had some experience on service of this na- 
 ture, we are convinced we cannot do better than lei|ve it. to your 
 judgment,, when on the spot, in the event of your not making m 
 paaaage diis season, either to winter on the coast, with the view of 
 following up next season, any hopes or expectations which your 
 observations this year may lead you to entertain, or to return to 
 England, to report tons the result of such observations ; always 
 recollecting our anxiety for the health, comfort, and safety of your-, 
 self, your officers, and men.; and further considering how fiiir the 
 advantage of starting next season from an advanced position, may 
 not 'be counter-balanced by what mi^ be auffered during the. in^in- 
 ter, and by the want of such refreshn^ent and refitting, as wotdd 
 be afforded by your return to England. 
 
 . We deem it right to caution you against suffering the two ves^ 
 seh placed under your orders to separate, except in the event of. 
 
 -■--'< '■.-i^.-«<-2;'».'*- 
 
 '.*• ";'i''i-""'*i. 
 
ixi 
 
 McidMt or niMivoidibte atctititjr, aikd w« dnire 70U to ktep up 
 dM nUMt — i cw wf d eooiamiikatioiit with tira comttiftnder of the 
 Gfiper { piMhigte hi« orery piropcr coniideBcef and M^uainting 
 Mm widi th« gentral tAflor of ywtt orden» tod with your ricw* 
 and iMencioMf iroin time «o time, in the execution of them { that 
 tbe-eenrlce toajr have the full benefit of jrouf united eflbrtt in the 
 praaectttlon oftuch a tetvice ; and that, in the event of umnroida* 
 ble aeparation, or Of any accident to yourtelff Liftutenant Liddon 
 nmy have the advintage of liB6wing» up to the latest practicable 
 period, all your ideas and intentions, relative to a satisfacto^ com« 
 pletioa of this intereiting undertaking. 
 
 We also recommend, that as frequent an exchange take place^ 
 as conveniently may be, of the observations made in the two ships; 
 that nny scientific discovery made by the one be» as quickly as 
 poesiUe, communicated for the advantage and guidance of the 
 other, in making their future observations ; and to increase the 
 chance of the observations of both lieing presclrved. 
 
 We have caused a great variety of valuable instruments to be put 
 on board the ships under your orders ; of which yOu will be fur- 
 nished with a list, and for the return of which yoU will be held re- 
 sponsible ; and we have also, at the recommendation of the t*resi- 
 dent and Council of the Koyal Society, ordered to be received on 
 board the Hecla, Gabuin Sabine, of the Royal Artillery, who is re- 
 presented to us as a gentleman well skilled in Astronomy, Natural 
 History, and various branches of knowledge, to assist you in mak- 
 ing such observations as may tend to the improvement of Gebgra- 
 phy and Navigation, and the advancement of science in general. 
 AoMHiigst'^ther subjects of scientific inquiry, you wiU particularly 
 dirlrct your attention to the Variation and inclination of the mag- 
 netic needle, and the intensity of the ihagnetic force } you will en- 
 deavour to ascertain how far the needle may be affected by the dt- 
 mospherical electricity, and what effect hiay be produced on the 
 electrometer and magnetic needle on the. appearance of the Auro- 
 ra Borealis. You will* keep H correct register of the temperature 
 of dl«b iir^ and of the sea, at the surface and at different depths. 
 Tou will cause the dip of the horizon to be frequently observed 
 by thc'dip sector, invented by Dr. WoUaston; and asccrttiin whi^t 
 effect may be produced by measuring that dip across fields of ice, 
 as compared with its measurement across the surface of the open 
 You will also (iause frequent observations to be made for as- 
 
 X 
 
 
 Vi 
 
 )A^:)'y.vA 
 
xxif 
 
 eertaining the refiraetioii, and what effect may be produced by ob*' 
 ierving an dbject, either celestial or terrestrial^ over a field of ice, 
 as com|Mtf«d with objects observed over a surface of water: toge- 
 ther with such other meteorological remarks as you may have op- 
 Sortunities of making. You are to attend particularly to the height, 
 iitction, and strength of the tides, and to the set and velocity o^ 
 the currents ; the depth and soundings of the sea, and the nature 
 .of the bottom ; for which purpose you are supplied with an instru- 
 inent better calculated to bring up substances than the lead usual- 
 ly employed for this purpose. 
 
 And you are to understand, that although the finding a passage 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific is the main object of this Expedi- 
 tion, yet, that the ascertaining the correct position of the different 
 points of the land on the western shores of Baffin's Bay, and the 
 different observations yoa may be enabled to make with regard to 
 the magnetic influence in that neighbourhood^ supposed to be so 
 near the position of one of the great magnetic poles of the earth, 
 as well as such other observations as you may have opportunities 
 of making in Natural History, Geography, &c., in parts of the 
 globe, 8cc., little known, must prove most valuable and interesting 
 to th^ science of our country ; and we, therefore, desire you to 
 give your unremitting attention, and to call that of all the officers 
 wider your command, to these points ; as being objects likely to 
 prove of almost ec{ual importance to the principal one before-men- 
 tioned, of ascertaining whether there exist any passage to the norUi- 
 ward» from the one ocean to the other. 
 
 For the purpose, not only of ascertaining the set of the currents 
 in the Arctic Seas, but also of affording more frequent chances of 
 hearing of your progress, we desire that you do, frequently after 
 you have passed the latitude of 65° north, and once every day, 
 when you shall be in an ascertained current, throw overboard a 
 bottle closely sealed, and containing a paper stating the date and 
 position at which ;t is launched ; and you will give similar orders 
 to the Commander of the Griper, to be executed in case of separa- 
 tion ; and, for this purpose, we have caused each ship to be sup- 
 plied with papers, on which is printed, in several languages, a re- 
 qttest» that whoever may find it should take measures for transmit- 
 ting it to this office. 
 
 And although you are not to be drawn aside from the main ob- 
 ject of the service on which you are employed, as loi^g as you may 
 
 MMHwiMnMiM.. 
 
XXIU 
 
 jte enabled to make any progress ; yet, whenever you may be im- 
 peded by the ice, or find it necessary to approach the coasts of the 
 continent or islands* you are to cause views of bays, harbours, 
 headlands, &c., to be carefully taken, to illustrate and explain the 
 track of the vessels, or such charts as you may be ah'.c to make ; 
 in which duty you will be assisted by Lieutenants Beechey and 
 Hoppner, whose skill in drawing is. represented to be so consi- 
 derable, as to supersede the necessity of appointing {Hrofessiooal 
 draughtsmen. 
 
 You are to make use of every means in your power to collect 
 and preserve such specimens of the animal, mineral, and vegetable 
 kingdoms, as you can conveniently stow on board the ships ; and 
 of the larger animals you are to cause accurate drawings to be 
 made, to accompany and elucidate the descriptions of them : ia 
 this, as well as in every other part of your scientific du^, we trust 
 that you will receive material assistance from Captain Sabine. 
 
 In the event of any irreparable accident happening to either of 
 t^e two ships, you are to cause the officers and crew of the disa- 
 bled ship to be removed into the other;, and with her singly to pro- 
 ceed-in prosecution of the voyage, or return to England, according • 
 ' as circumstances shall appear to require ; understanding that the 
 officers and crews of both ships are hereby authorised and required 
 to continue to perform their duties, according to their respective 
 ranks and stations,. on board either ship to which they may be so re- 
 moved, in the event of an occurrence of this nature. Should, un- 
 fortunately, your own ship be the one disabled, you are, in that 
 case, to take the command of the Griper ; and, in the event of any 
 fatal accident happening to yourself. Lieutenant Liddon is hereby 
 authorised to take the command of the Hecla, placing the officer 
 of the Expedition, who may then be next in seniority to him in 
 command of the Griper; also, in the event of your own inability 
 by sickness or otherwise, at any period of this service, to continue 
 to carry these Instructions into execution, you are to tranfer them 
 to the officer the next in command to you employed on the Expe- 
 dition, who is hereby required to execute th*em in the best manner 
 he can, for the attainment of the several objects in view. 
 ' His Majesty's Government having appointed Lieutenant Frank- 
 lin to the command of an expedition to explore the northern coast 
 of North America, frjm the mouth of the Copper-mine River of 
 Hearne ; it would be desirable, in the event qf your touching on 
 
 ) .- 
 
 '■■ X VofV 
 
 
 ^^:: 
 
 
XXIV 
 
 that coast, to leave tome testimonial of your having been there,; 
 with the 4ate, and such circumstances as you may find convenient* 
 for the lieutenant's information ; and you will do the same where- 
 evdr y 311 may stop on that coast, by erecting a pole, having a fiag^ 
 or some other mark by which it may be distinguished at a distance,' 
 (and you should endeavour to place such mark on the situation in 
 whichiit may be most extensively visible,) and burying a bottle at 
 the foiot of it, or otherwise^ containing an abstract of your procted- 
 ings and future intentions ; corresponding instructions having been 
 given to Lieutenant Franklin to leave a similar notice at any con- 
 venient pait of the coast wluch he knmr disccKirer between the mouth 
 of the said river and. the eastern part of North America. 
 
 You a^, while executing the service pointed out in these In- 
 structions, to take every opportunity that may offer of acquainting 
 our Secret^^y, for our infonnsUion, with your progress: and on 
 your arrivi^ in England^: you are immediately to repair to this 
 oCce, in order to laybiefore us a full account of your proceedings 
 in; die whole course of your voyage ; taking care, before you leave 
 the ship, to demand from the officers, petty officers, and aU other 
 ipersons on board, the logs and journals they may have kept ; to* , 
 gether with any drawings or charts they may have made; which, 
 are all tor be scaled up ; and you will issue similar directions t»' 
 Lieutenant Liddon andhis officers, &c.; the said logs, jounudb^oiTr: 
 other documents, to be thereafter disposed of as we may think pro- 
 per tp determine., 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Btf Command of their Lordships, 
 
 (Signed) J. W. Choker. 
 
 Melville, 
 
 O. MoOREy 
 G« COCKBVRN. 
 
 To JUmtenant WiUi€im Edward Purrgf 
 Commandite Bk Mt^estif'a Ship 
 
 'W^' 
 
rj/U, 
 
 VOYAGE FOR THE DIRCOVERY 
 
 OF A 
 
 NORTH-WEST PASSAGE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 .?i, 
 
 Paaage aerou the ManUc-^Enter Davit* Strait^Vnaueeeiiful at- 
 tempt to penetrate the Ice to the Weitem Coast— Voyage up tAe Strait 
 f^Ptuaage through the lee to the Western Coast — Mrrvoal off Pos^ 
 MsHon Bay, on the southern side of the entranu into Sit James 
 Lancaster's Sound. 
 
 , THJ^ Hecla and Griper were ready to drop down the 
 xiver in the early part of April; bat, the wind o^ntinuing to the 
 eastward, the pilots would not venture to turn them down/ 'the 
 wind remuned in the same quarter till the beginning oJT May» 
 beyond which time it would not have been prtvdent to deiay our 
 moving. Application was, therefore, made for a steam-boat fb 
 low the ships to Northfleet, and on the 4th, at eight A.M., the 
 Hecla was taken in tow by the Eclipse, of six^-horse power. With 
 a fresh breeze right a-head, she moved at thie rate of three mites 
 and a-half an hour through the water, and was made fast to the 
 bu^ at Nprthfleet at a quarter past noon, 'tht steam-boat returned 
 to Deptferd for the Griper, and arrived'with her at night. 
 
 The guns and gunner's stores were received on board on the 
 6th; and all the^ iron being now stowed, as it would probably re- 
 main for the rest of the voyage, the afternoon of that day was oc- 
 cupied in obtaii^ing some, steady observations on die irregularities 
 of tibift magnetic niieedle 01^ board the Hecla, by turning her head 
 routid to each point of the compass in succession. 
 
 The ships took their powder on board On the 7th, and moved 
 to the Lower-IIopiB. On the evening of the fbllo wing day they 
 iHmchored at the Nore, where the instruments and chronometers 
 were embarked. I fuimished Lieutenant Liddon with a complete 
 copy of the instructions which I had received from the Lords 
 Cpmu^sj^rs of the Adviiralty, together with an order contata^ 
 
10 
 
 ing general directions for the economical use of the provisions 
 and stores, and for the mode of registering the various observa- 
 tions to bfr made during the voyage; appointing Jtlso. certain places 
 of rendezvous in case of unavoidable separation. ' 
 
 Captain Sabine went on shore at Garrison-Point, on the 9th» to 
 make observations on the magnetic force with some needles of a 
 new ciipastruction by Captain Heniy Kater. 
 
 Coiiimissioner Boyle came on board on the evening of the 10th, 
 .to superintend the payment of the arrears of wages, and three 
 ^pionths' advance, to the seamen and marines. On the following 
 "^ ^Ntyt when the men had supplied themselves with a sufficient stock 
 W clothes, according to a list w hich had been previously isi^ued, 
 the ships weighed at ten A.M., and at noon were abreast the 
 Nore-light. The wind being free, the Hecla, at sunset, had out- 
 sailed the Griper about three miles. 
 
 Finding the Griper continued to detain us this morning, I de« 
 termined to take her in tow, and at three P. Af' we ran through 
 Ymmouth Roads, but anchored in the evening with ille flood-tide/ 
 the wind being too U^jht.to enable the ships to st^m it. Soon 
 i^t^r muloight we again wei(^e4, thie wiud naving got routed ^o 
 the N.b.W. On the morning of the 14th; ih beating to the not^- 
 ward, the Hecla touched the ground on the east end <^ ^herinj^Hllfii- 
 Shoals, Cromer Ug^-hquse bearing S4>.£* per con>paf s* Hie 
 pilot should not have brottja^t it/^ thi^ iiiaitward of kbinh^ <m 
 vhich bearistg there 19 no danger, Pindthg the ships made 1^ 
 vri^iaiid that \i would Qot he practicable to anchor v^ith tlifejlel^ 
 tidCf.we bore iip for V^urmoutfal Itoads, md antHored Witl^n di^ 
 Cockle Gat at two ?.>f. . ' ' 
 
 At noon on the foUbwmg (lav, while jwtting \i»iktvfi^^f 
 received a visit frpm Captaiu Well#, of His Majesty'^ slopp, iSti^ 
 ^ft9 who kindly ol^ered evfeiy assistance in his ^ower, and W ^ 
 us our last supply of Efiglish beef, as we jpaiised his ship. A 
 your^e breeze springing u^ on the mornihg qf die l6th, tli^'ik' 
 per was taken in tow» and at two l*.M. on the tiSilUi, we.n^4e f-"^^ 
 
 Island.-. \\' ' ' ^ ^^ ' .-■''■-..'.;,..,:'. ^ ', \'''/T;.r--''^ 
 
 It fpll calm in th^ evenuig,and seyendi nit^^cckl (da<^ i^^ 
 and coal-fish (Gad^^'(!!ach9nfiriu^yw^ the centre of '^« 
 
 island bearing N.£. |ialf N. per iicMnpass« distant ei|;ht Of fitter 
 miles, tills was the jUt supplyof ^^9^ jSih^^^^^^ Obtkihetf 
 during the voyage. It w^s^l^^^^ to «i(e,l^it; 
 
 Island distinctly atthi; disj^e A. tcn.miTes. . :^^ /^ 
 
 ^ On the £Oth, we spcj^/fc paiiTs^^^^ Efclte, Mm^ 
 
 Copenhagen, bound to 0;;||^o-tsl|pdr;/nie Gi^W^^;#^^ 
 tow again in the evei^in^, a^dlwe'rqunafd^e north^hi polttt tif 
 the Orkneys, at the distance of' twd ijiitieji and i hailf, havinj^ tkM 
 tVri^ to thirty-six fathoms of water.. ;!..,. ''%* 
 
 We made the island of Rona oh the 'St st, and Bark on the fdt- 
 
 ^ 
 
;U 
 
 Oj 
 
 au^n 
 
 11 
 
 hnr'mg morning. The pos^ion of these ialaods by our observ«> 
 tions is : 
 
 Latitudct 
 Longitude, 
 
 BARA. 
 
 59' 04' 24 " 
 6' 14' 34" 
 
 RONA. 
 59' 05' 54" 
 5" 52' 04". 
 
 As we ran along to the northward of them, at the distance of 
 six or sevea miles, the soundings were from fifty to sevett^-five 
 fathoms, the deepest being off Bara, on a bottom of gravel^xoarse 
 sand, and broken sheDs. 
 
 . It is recommended by the most experienced of the Greenland^ 
 Masters, to cross the Atlantic to Davis' Strait, about the paraltlHr 
 of 57V or 58*, and I shaped our course accordingly. A bottlt^ 
 was thrown overboard^ containing a printed paper, stating the date 
 and the situation of the ships, with a request, in six European lan- 
 guageSf that any person finding it would forward it to the Secre- 
 tary of the Admiralty, with a notice of the time and place where 
 it was found.* One bottle at least was thrown out daily during 
 the voya^, except when the ships were « beset" in the ice* 
 
 The wmd being right aft on the morning of the 24th, the Griper* 
 still in tow, took the wind out of our sailsi and forged a-h«ady 
 obliging us to cast off the hawser. Soon after noon we made 
 Bockall; its latitude, by our observations, was Sf ^8' 40", and its ■ 
 longitude 13" 47' 42". The geographical position of this remarka- 
 ble rock was determined by Captain Capet, in 1818, to be latitude 
 5r 39' 38", longitude 13* 31' 16", which is to be preferred to ours, 
 owing to the distance at which we passed it. There is, perhaps* 
 no more striking proof of the infinite value of chronometers at sea, 
 than the certainty with which a ship may sail directly for a single 
 rock like this* rising like a speck out of the ocean, and at the dis- 
 tance of forty-seven leagues from any other land. At seven P.M., 
 the Griper having again dropped five or six miles astern, we hove 
 to for her to come up ; and» taking this opportunity to try the tem- 
 perature of the water below the surface by Six's self-registering 
 thermometer, we unexpectedly obtained soundings in one hundred 
 and forty fathoms, on a bottom of very fine white sand, Rockall 
 bearing S. 85' £., distant thirty miles and three quarters. The 
 temperature of the water at the. bottom was 471", that of the surface 
 being 49i% and of the air 50°. The Griper was again taken in tow, 
 widi a breeze from the eastward, which increased to a fresh g;ale 
 the following morning, when tly; hawser, by which we towed the 
 Griper, gave way ; we hove to for her in the evening, being in lat. 
 57* 04' 10", long. 17* 52' 50", when some water was brought up 
 from one hundred fathoms* depth in the bottle contrived by Doctor 
 Marcet; its specific gravity was 1.0268, at the temperature of 58% 
 
 * The porpoie intended to be answered by this kind of communication, will be best un- 
 dwttood, by referring to mj Instrwtiens from ^e Lords Commtssionen of the Admiralty. 
 
 ^i^_/M»**-^**^Lte 
 
 ..-.^i 
 
13 
 
 that of the lurface wtter being the same. The temperature of the 
 water at the tame depth was 49% that of the surface being 50*, and 
 of the air 50i*. 
 
 On the t7th, we cast off the Griper, and hauled a little to the 
 northward, in order to pass near the spot where Lieutenant Pick- 
 ersgill obtained soundings, from three hundred and twenty to three 
 hundred and thirty fsthoms, on the 99th of June, 1776; and at six 
 P.M.t^^being in lat. 56*59' 39", and long, by chronometers, 24* 
 33' 40"y the deep>sea clamms were sent down with one thousand 
 and twenty fathoms of line, without finding bottom. The tern- 
 *j!|(|arature of the sea at that depth was 45i', that of the surface being 
 |li*, and of the air 49*. 
 
 It fell calm towards noon on the 28th» the ship being in lat. 
 ^r S6' 16", long. 85* 11' 51". The current was tried in a boat 
 moored by an iron kettle, in the usual way, but not the smallest 
 •tream was perceptible. Six*s thermometer was sent down to one 
 hui^dred and twenty fathoms, but did not indicate the temperature, 
 owing to the mercury rising past the index, instead of pushing it 
 up before it ; a failure I have often had occasion to regret in this 
 useful instrument,, when thus exposed to a very sudden change of 
 temperature'. It might, perhaps, be improved for this particular 
 purpose, by making the lower end of each index a little larger, so 
 as to prevent the passage of the mercury between it and the tuber 
 Some water, from one hundred and thirty fathoms depth, was* at 
 the temperature of 48* on coming to the surface, that of the surface 
 being 49*, and of the air 49*. Its specific gravity was 1.0366 at 
 the temperature of 61 ', l>eing the same as that of the surface-water. 
 
 The wind veered to the westward on the 30th, and increased to 
 a fresh gale, with an irregular sea, and heavy rain, which brought 
 us under our close-reefed topsails. At half-past one, P.M., we 
 began to cross the space in which the *^ Sunken Land of Bus*' is 
 laid down in Steel's chart from England to Greenland ; and, in 
 the course of this and the following day, we tried for soundings 
 several times without success. 
 
 This being the anniversary of His Majesty's birth-day, and the 
 weather being calm and fine, I directed an additional allowance of 
 grog to be served out, or, in seamen's phrase, ^* the main brace to 
 be spliced." In the evening, being then in lat. 55' 01', and long. 
 35* 56', we tried for soundings with two hundred and fifty fathoms 
 of line, without finding bottom. The temperature of the sea at 
 that depth was 44i°, surface 44i*, air 43*. 
 
 On the 7th and 8th, we had hard gales from the westward, with 
 a heavy sea. Indeed, from the 1st to the 14th of June, we ttdpe- 
 rienced a continued series of unfavourable winds and unpleasant 
 weather, so that very liitle progress could be made to the west- 
 ward* 
 
 On the 13th, being in lat. 57" 51', and long. 41* 05', the temped 
 
IS 
 
 rature of tite sm, at two hundred and thirty-five fitthomt' depdi, 
 was found to be 39*, surface 4oi|% air 41 1*. A very «li|;ht cutrenl 
 was found to set to the southward. We saw, to-day, large flocks 
 of sheerwaters ^Proceilatia yhij/inua)^ called by the sailora, ** cape 
 hens,'* from an idea that they are only to be found near Cape Fare- 
 well. I do not remember to have met with these birds in any odier 
 part of Davis' Strait, or in Baffin's Bay. 
 
 On the 15th» a breeze.sprung up from the eastward, and tt noon 
 we very unexpectedly saw land at a great distance, bearing due 
 north. This could be no other than the land about Cape Farewell^, 
 of which the longitude, by our chronometersi being the same H 
 that of the ship, was 43* 56' 41", agreeing nearly with that given 
 in the tables of Maskelyne, Mendoza Rios, and Robertson* and 
 in the Connaistance des Tern*, being from 2* to 3* to the eastward 
 of the position assigned to it in most of the charts. This accounts 
 for a remark, which is common among the whalers, that they al- 
 ways make this headland, in coming from the eastward, sooner 
 than they expect ; a circumstance which they naturally attribute to 
 the effect of a westerly current. If the latitude of Cape Farewell 
 be so far to the northward as 59*37' 30", which is the mean of 
 nine different authorities, our distance from it this day must have 
 been more than forty leagues. It is by no means impossible that 
 the bold land of Greenland may be distinguished at sd great ii 
 distance ; and it is proper to remark, that the weather, at the time 
 we saw it, was precisely that which is said to be most favourable 
 for seeing objects at a great distance, namely, just before or after 
 rain, when the humidi^ of the atmosphere increases its transpa- 
 rency*. 
 
 The wind agun backed to the westward on the l6th, and we 
 stretched to the northward towards the land. On the evening of 
 the iTth, being in lat. 58* 52'^ and long. 48* 12', the colour of the 
 water was observed to be of a lighter green than that of the ocean 
 in general; but we could find no soundings with two hundred and 
 ninety fathoms of lii^e. The temperature of the sea at that depth 
 was 38|*, of the surface, 38|*, and of the air, 38|*. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 18th, in standing to the northward, 
 we fell in with the first ** stream" of ice we had seen, and soon 
 after saw several ice-bergs. At daylight the water had changed 
 its colour to a dirty brownish tinge. We had occasion to remark 
 the same in entering Davis' Strait in 1818, when no difference in 
 its temperature was perceptible. The temperature of the water 
 this morning was 36|% being 3* colder than on the preceding 
 night ; a decrease that was probably occasioned by our approach 
 to the icAi We ran through a narrow part of the stream, and 
 found the ice beyond it to be «* packed" and heavy. The birds 
 were more numerous than usual ; and, besides the fulmar petrels, 
 * Humboldt. PenoMi Namtive, I. pp. 81. 101, lOS. 
 
 .,<'? 
 !?:<. 
 
 M.' I, 
 
I 
 
 jbdAUwaipi, Mid kittiwakn, we uiw, for th< fint time* lOfM xot(e» 
 (Aka AlUyt dovekies, or Uack guiU«nioU CCohfmbu$ Gryiie), md 
 terns (Sttma Hirundo), the latter known best to seamen by th« 
 name of the Greenland swallow. Soon after noon^ being in laL 
 50* 40', lon|. 47* 46', and the water being of the same colour as 
 in the mommg, we tried for soundings, but could find no bottom 
 with two hundred and sixty fathoms. The temperature of the sea 
 at that depth was 39% that of the surface being men 37% and of the 
 air SS*. The specific gravity of the surface waver which at no(W 
 was 1X)S63, at the temperature of 56% had decreased to 1jM57, 
 in that of sr. On the I9th, at noon, we were in latitude^ by ol^ 
 aervation on the ice, 59' 48' S6"*, and in longitudes by Uie chr^ 
 nometers, 48* 01' 50'% when a current was found to set S. 5(/ W. 
 lit tbe rate of six miles per day. A breeze springing up from thf 
 eastward, we bore away to the W.N.W., through rather close 
 *(8Mliag ice." The fog which had prevailed during the 6$y 
 cleared away in, the ^ evening, and discovered to us the coast m 
 GreenUind, bearing from N. 3* W. to N. 62* £.» at the distance of 
 twelve or thirteen leagues. On the following morning a very rp- 
 markable hill, being the highest bnd in sight, was found, by abase 
 measured by Massey's patent log, to be in lat. 60* 53' 89"^ and 
 long. 48* 42' 22". This position answers nearly to an island called 
 ^oua in Arrowsmith's chart, a little to the eastward of Cape 0<h 
 ee^tion. The water still continued of the same dirty ccdour at 
 belbre ; but at half past four P,M.,^when we hove to, for the puKf 
 pose of taking the Griper in tow, we could find no bottom with m 
 liundred and forty fathoms of line. On the evecdng of the fiat, 
 having run to the westward as far as 55*01' W. in the lat. of 6t* 
 26', we observed the colour of the water to have changed from iht 
 brownish tinge before-mentioned, to a light bluish green, and it is 
 remarkable that its specific gravity was found to have increase4, 
 within a few hours, from 1.0257 to i.0261, both being at the teni- 
 pcrature of 57' when weighed. These experiments seem to con- 
 firm those made on the 18th, and to render it highly probable, that 
 the brown colour remarked in the sea #as occasioned by the ad- 
 ^mixture of a large portion of fresh water, supplied by the melting 
 of the snow and ice. 
 
 On the 21st and 22d, we sailed to the W.N.W. in an open se4; 
 and, on the 23d, at noon, being in lat. 62* 43' 09'% long. 61* 32' 
 49", we saw several icebergs, and some loose ice, to the north- 
 westward. We obtained soundings in the evening in two hundred 
 
 * The iee here havii^ a motion whieh wai Tcnr pereeptible in tbc artifiekl horiian, yn 
 liad reooane to i^ modti of observing the meridian altitade, whioh we had ooaiBiaaalljr 
 adopted in the fonAer vojragie. Two obtervert bronght the wune limb of t^ aun down n 
 aeiwrate borixoni ; tkjB Brat of theae taking oai-e never to allow the two images to aepante 
 entirely, and thejecondnerer permitting tncm to overlap. The mean of the two obserra* 
 ' tibns being then taken, the error arising Troro the rolling motion of the ice may thai be lA a 
 great measure obriated, and the •Ititode obuined within the aaerctt nainnte. 
 
 ;.JK. 
 
Tf"^ 
 
 Momit^nesiiuiy bottom, beings etose to a fafge Iceberg, froM 
 which copious streams of water were flowing on the side nest the 
 •un. ' . 
 
 On the clearing tip of a fog, on the morning of the 24dif we saw 
 a long chain of icebergs, extending several miles in a l*^.b.W* 
 atad S.b.E. direction: and as we approached them^ we fomid a * 
 Quantity of <• flde*ice" intermixed with them, beyoiid which, to the 
 westward, nothing b^t ice could be seen. At noon, hAtik iik hitv 
 63* VilttAl% long. 6t* 34' «8", we had soundings, with doe hundred 
 tod twenty fathoms of litie, on a bottdm of fine sand^ whieh tta1ie|^ 
 it probable that mbst'tif the ieebet^ were aground in this' phi^t^i 
 Jh) the afternoon, wi» sailed within the edge of the ice* ai ittiich ii* 
 a light westerly wind would admit, in or&r to ap|pMsN:h theisrcst^ 
 ehi land,'a8 diretted by m}r instmctioil^. Som^ eiijriotia tflecte of 
 atmospheric refraction were obliefyed ,thli eVehiiifgi tb^' low iee 
 bein^m times considerably raised ia the horicbn^ and'consufitly 
 ahernig its appearance. An iceberg at die ^ista^-iof two '^ / 
 Ihreil miles from tls, assdmed ai» Inverted shap^.' '• • ^ • 
 "^ The weatheiP belnj^ bearly talifk <in the inprmn^ Of the-SMhf att 
 die boat^ wisre ke|i>t a-head, to tow fhe shf^throngh tli(fieeii6 fhi6 
 Westward.- It ireiindned tolerably^ b^ tilt four KM., When ;ii 
 breeze, freshening up fr^inbtidie^ eastwards taiised the ile- throngh 
 Which w6 had ktdy been tofwi^'to dole fdiifthe^kci i^ildly, that 
 % had sctilr^ifly time to hoist u^' die Mtti befti^^ slitipa w«lt 
 Immoveable •tftes^ti^ The dear se¥ w^ii«%«'4ad'leflwas'lboiit 
 ib^r miles to th6 eastward of us^^ While tp^ihe WeitWird iiothii% 
 fm one ektenslve field of ice eonldiM seen. It It iniposSvble f6 
 cbiiceiVey Moi^^ helpleiss situation ' than ilrat of a shipr tii^b^s^t, 
 %beft att the p6w^ that can \it aipplied will^ not alffer thi^diretitleB 
 Il'hi!rhtida«ihigfe degree of the 'eom|ttnsv Ott diie^ 26dty we 
 iwe M lat^by bbser¥atiott, 68' 59^ i^'^ tuW fenk 6l*da' 58^\ 
 bivibg'i^e iKindr^ fltod tWentjr^fiv^ fa^UMJtir on a^fine siitdir bot- 
 ibDl.: Th<B4il%«^ii^lhieitidicaied Adrift «kdfe$.%.W^ SoidiebT 
 
 '.|etld€ibeii,Mving walked a mik oi^'tWo fironi the ehiips, ima^ 
 Bd^ha!t they Mi^iir die marks of at sludge opoa di6 iee, boras no 
 
 i<:e8 eitbef tjf d6gs or of one humane foot a(»pearbd| thc^ were 
 |ii^ima|ii''lRiiiit>i^'en'i ^' '''^' ' ,■•■:; ..s« ; .':■; ,, , 
 
 ^^,^e wind ilieiitaiied to a swotig gid^ ftom thfr Mo^hwaid^ 
 #hich condlnued't|k l^hoie of the following day ; When wb foUMd 
 by ob^ifirvatiQirdiai^ tmUM^ hiid drifted' I&. sr m^ ihirteeif a^^ 
 iud i^ iiiiai^ct, tht sibitititetigs having dte«<Mie^ «d otie fmtidrid 
 Ibd twtiity'&thomsi ' '' ' ' ' ■' ■■' ■ '■' ''■■' 
 2^ large biyd^ Wl^e, fBalafntt ^ItiJeMn^) b^ln^: die first, was 
 men near diel'shlpil ' It ]s usual fbr these Inimals to desbend head 
 ^ri^iiibst, displaying .thcibhiadi^ri^ of dletr; enornttbus ta^ sfjbove 
 fie Vttiifocre of th^^l^teri libt, oh ^ia Oc^aaioh, thg i^ Was so 
 iiiis^iis liotf to allmfttilf this mode of descent, and the fisb went 
 
1« 
 
 j 
 
 I 
 
 d0WB tail foremott, to the great aaiiMeiiient of our GreenUuid 
 
 uilors. 
 
 A* long at the wind continued to blow strpng towards the ice» 
 •o as to Seep it close, the ships lajr securely sheltered from the 
 sea ) but at nine in the evening, when it veered a little to the 
 westwurdy the ice became more slack, and we began to feel the 
 effects of the swell which was thus admitted from without: each 
 roll of the sea forced the heavy muses of ice against the rudder 
 and counter with such violence as would have'' greatly endangered 
 a ship built in the ordinary way; strengthened as ours were, now- 
 ^WffiTt they escaped without damage. Frequent endeavours were 
 niMle to l^eave the heads of the ships round, in order that they 
 might receive the heaviest pressure on their bows, but every at- 
 tempt proved unsuccessful, and we remained in the same unplea* 
 aant situation .'during the whole of the 28th. 
 
 While in this sUte, a large white bear came near the Griper, 
 and was killed by her people, but he sunk between the p* ':ci of 
 ice* This animal had, probably, been attracted by the smell of 
 aome fed herrings which the men were frying at the time. It ia 
 a common practice with the Greenland sailors to take advanuge of 
 die strong sense of a metting which these creatures possess, by en- 
 ticing them near the shipa in this manner. 
 
 The awell had somewnit aubuded on the 29th, but the shipa 
 ^mained firmly, fia;ed in the ice as before. In the course of the 
 day we saw land bearing, N. 69* W. about thirteen leaguea distant^ 
 appearing from the nust-head like a group of islands, and situated 
 near to the entnmce of Cumberluidstndti.the soundings were 
 one hundred and thlr^-five fathoms; the temperature of the aei 
 at that depth 49*; that of the surface being the same; and of tho 
 air 94** On. the SOdi, the ice benn to slacken a little more about 
 die slups; and ^^r two hours' neaving with a haweer on each 
 bow iHti^ht to the capetan and windlass, we succeeded in moving 
 the Hecia about her own length to the eastward, where alone any 
 clear sea was visible. The ice continuing to open still more in the 
 course of ,the day, we were at length enabled to get both shipa 
 *nto open water, after, eight hours* incessant laboun 
 
 Our first attempt to approach the western coast having thua 
 fiuled, I -consulted the Qreenland Masters, as to what were Hxt 
 B9pjit likely nieans to be adopted for effecting: this object. Mr* 
 AlUson thovight it would be advisable to run a degree or two back 
 a^in to the southward; while Mr. Fife was of opinion, that it 
 might be attempted, with better chance of success, about '^ lati- 
 tude of Mount Raleigh, which forms one sid^ of the narrp^teat 
 part of Davis' Strait. I determined on the latter, as being more 
 conformable to the tenor of my instructions i 9sA a course ,iii8 
 accordingly shaped close along the edge of the ice, which led ^a 
 considerably to the eastward of north, in ordier to take advantage 
 
* 17 
 
 ^WBif opening which might occur. On getting into deal water, 
 'we founo'that the rudderi were much rubbed by the l»bwa they 
 had received while beset in the ice. 
 
 On the let audi Sd <^ July» we continued to Iceep dote to the 
 edge of the ice, without per#iving any opening in it. Its outer 
 margin coneiated of heavy detached masies, much washed by the 
 •ea, and formed #hat is technically called •* a pack*" |this name 
 beiik given to ice when so closely connected as not to admit the 
 |!iis^|iu of a ship bllween the masses. Within the margin of the 
 Mclt» IV appeared to consist of heavy and extensive floes, having a 
 pright ice-blink ovtr them; but no clear water could be discovered* 
 to die westward. The birdst which had hitherto been seen ato^' 
 our first approach to the ice, were fulmar petrelsf little auks, loom, > 
 (Vria^BrunniehHy) and a few glaucous gullSf {Larfu QlamHi*,) 
 
 On the morning of, the 3d the wind blew strong friptm the east- 
 Wjl?d* with Ji abort breaking sea and thick rainy weather, which 
 ia'acle -our situation for some Hours rather an unpleasai^t one, the 
 Icebdog clojie under our lee. Fortutiately, however^ we wea- 
 Aered it by stretching back a few miles to the southward; In thd 
 iftemoon the wind moderated, and we tacked again to tl»6 north* 
 Ijn^id^ crosNng the Arctic circle at four P.M.f in the longiujfde of 
 STUf W. We passed at least fifty icebergs in the course of the 
 (|nrv many of them of large dimensions. At a quarter past five 
 #.j|f ., we sounded i» oUe hundred and fifteen fathoms; the vftitit 
 '•I'the surface of the sea had the same brownish tinge which haa 
 ilready bee^ noticed, but no difference in its temperature or specifi<; 
 gral'ity could be detected. Towards midnight, the wind navin| 
 imUitcd to'thie soutft^West, and moderated* another extensive, chi^^ 
 of Vliy largjc icebergs appeared to the nordiward : as we approach); 
 them the wind died awayi and the ships* heads were kept to t| 
 |i^^i4hiirard only by the steerage Way given' to them by a Heal^ 
 aoi^Ukikrl^ aweUf #hichi dashing the loose ice with tremendoixl 
 i|||f agiirnvt^t^ bergs, sometimes raised a white spray over the 
 j^t«t|> to the hei|^t of more than oiie hundried feet, ana being ac- 
 cpiil^t^*^^ /*<^^^ *' ^o^ noise, exactly resembling the roar of dis- 
 tftiajt^thundefi in*esented at scene at once sublime; and terrific. We 
 f»uld findno bottdm near these' tcebe^gs with one hundred and 
 ||b|'.: ^thorns of li^e. '^'v ' *' ■'■■' " 
 
 ^' ' A A.M* OQi the 4th, we can^e to a (|u»nitity of loose ic^ 
 
 m|h lay straggling aniong the bergs ; and as there was a light 
 preele from the eouth ward, an4 I was anxious to avmd, if pos^* 
 hle^the necessity of going to the eastward, I pushed the Hecla into 
 l^e ice, in the hope of being able to make our way through ^e. 
 iWe had scaitrely done so, however, before it fell calm| whetf Jthe 
 1^ hecame perfectly unmanatteable, and was for some timo at 
 Ihef' mercy of the sWeiU which drifted us fast towards the bern. 
 4l^ the boata were immediately 'sent a*h^ to tow; aiid 3ke 
 
 
 \ 
 
 .i:3;,i-2,,it >*■.«£* 
 
h ..if 
 > 
 
 <:) 
 
 m 
 
 Ml 
 
 II 
 
 m' 
 
 |i 
 
 liripcr'* iigDM wn miile, not ^wUl^ the ice. Al^r tiro hiontk^ 
 hutl pulUngf w« Buccerded In getting .the HecUi back agttlli into 
 clear waterf and to a sufficient diailnce from the icebergs, #hi)dl 
 it is very dangerous to approach inhen there is any swell. At 
 noon we were in lat. 66* 50' AT'p lon|. 56' 47' 56", being near the 
 middle of the narrowest part of Davis* Strait, which is het% ttit 
 more than fifty leagues acrois. Davis, on returning fh>ni'hh» 
 third voyage, seu it down at forty kaguesj* ^d in anoih^t MMcH' 
 remarks : ** In the latitude of siztie-seucn dejmies, I n^igRt'lli# 
 Anerica. west, from me, and Desolation, (Greenland,) eiat.*^ 
 The truth of this last remar^^ had been much doubted, till ttiib 
 observations made on our expedition of 1818, by d^tcMttlning th(6 
 geogra^ical position of the two cblsta thus seeh bv Davil, IwVM 
 to confirm the accuracy of that celebrated and able hAVl^i^h 
 
 On the 5th, it was necessary to pass through sO^e heavy »>^SJaHl 
 of ice, in order to aVoid the loss of time by gomg rbtfnd ,tb th^ 
 eastward' On this, as on many other occasions, tilie a'dvatt ' ' 
 
 di^d tons less burthen must have been immdveably tteset. Ttii 
 Griper wa9 on this, and many other occasions, only fc^blltill ti> 
 follow the Hecla by taking advantage dif the openings miia<fe 1»y il^ 
 
 latter. . . i »« 
 
 At noon on the 6th, being in lat. 6^ 44' 05", 16iig[, ir 46' i^% 
 we had soundings in one Hundre4 and seVerity-lwo faithdb^^ I 
 bottom of shining sand^ a^ix^ with small btifck sj^cl;!, kmi^ 
 her of looms Were killed which being veiV ^ t6<§lt„#elKB IfWiA 
 fothe officers and ship's company* A herd of i^ea-ffbtt'es '^xVI^ 
 CA<ciie liiumarus) being seen tyipg on a |>i^ce of tce^ui' b<6|t,Ml^ 
 ceeded in killing one of th6m. These f^ii Rials usuWliieMdc^ 
 
 water fn great confusion. , it mw^ w vo^th rcjRiJ|rwng, is a 
 how tenacious the walrus aoioiiptimes is of W^r ^i^ <^o "^^^ 
 killed to-day struggled violently for ten mtriiiteJ} altdr it i#iu stNl^ 
 
 and towed the boat twent '^'- ^ ^^^ ^^i^ -J^ -.i-^i^^ 
 
 of the haipoon Woke ; an< _ 
 
 the iron barb had penetrated 
 
 quantity of the blubber i#as put into cas!|:s, as a wintef^s sii 
 
 'cSTthe 7th, in standing to l|eho^^ wfe cfii$'^tf ¥l^i^ 
 off ce, three quartejrs of a mile wide, wmch c^sfaructed our P^H^Wf 
 in that direction. I'he wind died a wi^ as soon as We hiid en^i^a 
 
 ,-,^-* 
 
 t TM^orlde^tHtfdrogri^caaJDitcr^^ion, 1595. 
 
 ■/..- 
 
 
 --.»»»«»^ 
 
19 
 
 t^ ttTMim, i^mI it required six hourt* rowing in the boats to tow 
 die ihips into clear water beyond it. It it curious tq obtervi>, in 
 pafting under the lee of ice* however tmall its extent or height 
 above the tea, an immediate datocate in the ttrength of the windT. 
 Iliii effect cannot be attributed to any desrer of shelter afforded 
 1^7 the ice, at, in tbe caaet to which I allude, it it, perhapt, not 
 more than a tingle foot above the turface of the tea. At nooof 
 l^ioff in lat, by obtervation, 68* 24' 53", and in long, sr 0()' 43'V 
 we fibtained toundingt'in a hundred and teven^-five fathoms, on 
 ft l>(»boiii of greenish coloured mud, into which the lead sunk 
 a^veral inches. Atjtwo P.M. a thermometer in the tun rose to 
 70*, the temperature of the ihade being 44*, aftd the weather per- 
 fectly calm and cloudlett. The card coiymonly uted in Walker'e 
 A2itnuth Compatt had traverted to tluggisKly for some, daya 
 past, tha^it was ndw found necestary to tubstitute a lighteV one, 
 Aupplicd by the maker for this purpose. The looms and tern were 
 ^omero^t hear the* ice. 
 
 On the 8th, at noon, we observed, in lat. 68* 80' 01", and long. 
 87*2%' 57", being 6' 5i" to the southward, and 9' 53" to the 
 eastward of the dead reckoning. We sounded in a hundred and 
 aeventy-eight fathoms' water, the bottom being of the tame natui'kf 
 as op the preceding day. 
 
 On the 9tb, having reached the latitude of 68* 45' 53", long. 
 57* 49' 51", the ship was found to have made lesf northing by 
 eleven miles and three ouai'ters than the log gave. The souml> 
 ings wtre a hundred and fifty-two fathoms, the lead being covered 
 with soft green mud, mixed with sand and gravel. 
 , l«arge flocks of tern and looms were ieen about the ice. A 
 northerly wind prevented our making much progress, for the ice 
 Wx> still so compact in every part, as to render it impossible to 
 l(ti^ to the westward ; ahd nothing, therefore, remained to be 
 bnt to make the best way we could, by beating to the north- 
 long the edge of the pack. 
 
 if 10th a thick fog came on, which made great caution 
 ry in sgiiling, there being a great many icebergs near us. 
 There is^ however, even in the thickest fog, a strong reflection of 
 U||[htfrom these immense iHidiea, of ice, which, with to attentive 
 ^Bok-out, is generally visible at a sufficient distance to enable the 
 lofvigator, if in smooth water, to avoid coming in contact with 
 ibena^. 
 
 At noon, the wind being still agunst us, we had only reached 
 
 the lat. of 69* 04' 28", being 9^ 49" to the soMrtkfward of the dead 
 
 i^reckoning. The long, by the chronometers, was 58' K/ 30", being 
 
 ^^*'47" to the eastward of the account in two days. We obtained 
 
 ^^fJBtmdipgs in a hundred and sixty-seven fathpms,. on a botto<|M of 
 
 l^reeB mud, with a little sand and gravel. At night the fog froze 
 
 IP it fell u^n the riggini^^ making^ it difficult to work the ship 
 
 among the ice. 
 
 '4f 
 
t'^-fi 
 
 mw^:mKm 
 
 ao 
 
 ''A 
 
 m 
 
 ,i^ 
 
 A Itrgo bear (Unu* MarHimm) being leen on ft pie^ of ice* 
 near which we were passing on the morning of the 11th, a boat was 
 despatched. In pursuit, and our pe<qig|Ni succeeded in killing and tow* 
 ing it on boardt As these animals sink immedflttely on being mor-^ 
 tuly >il0Und«d, some dexterity is requisite to iecure tHem, by first 
 throwing a i^pe over the neck» at which many of the Greenladd 
 seamen are remarkably expert. It is customary for the boats of 
 the whalers to have Wo or three lines coiled ^^ them, whicbi not 
 only gives them great stabili^, but, with good management, mikes 
 itdimcultforU bear, wKen swimming, to put His paw upon the 
 gunwak, which thfy :g«;iBeraUy endeavour to' do j whereas, with 
 ottr boats, which are mbre light and crank, and therefore very 
 easily heeled over, I havl more tjhian once seen a bear on the point 
 of takinir possession of them. Great caution should, therefore, 
 be used under svk£h circumstances in attacking these ferocious 
 creatures. We have always found a boardii|grpike the most use- 
 ful weanon for this purpose. The lance psed by the whalers will 
 not eaaily penetrate the skin, and a musket-ball, except when very 
 clofcu'ii scarcely more efficacious. 
 
 We sounded at noon in two hundred and tw a fathoms, being in 
 lat. by account, 69* 24' 40*^, long. 58° 16 42", without making any 
 aJlowaneefor the current, which, for the three preceding days^ 
 appeared to have been setting the ships to the S.S.E. at the rate; 
 of from eijffht to thirteen iniles per day. 
 , llPiHe atteraooi), pii tH^vcl^ripg up of the fogi, we f^iih^ our- 
 «#Wcfs s^ s^rroandeil by ke, in every direction, that it becatnef 
 l^cessary to stretch to the esjitKirard, to ai^oid the risk of !NN|| 
 •ga^n beset, a circumstance which ihight have occfaiioned aseriou#^ 
 - loss of time. A gtreat' number of seals were seen as we sailed 
 throughf the ice, "biit very seldbm two together. 
 
 the Weather was again to thick on. the isth, that w^ could «$! 
 dpin see above three oir four himdred yards. The sun b^f^ 
 visible, however; Captain Sabipe and myself left the ship, aajSM 
 cendtid an iceberg, in order to obtain th^ meridian altitude, whll( 
 l^ve us thtf laK. of 69* 4S' 4S", and which was 8' 80'' to the south^ 
 w«rd of the dead reckoning, our longitude, by account, being 5^* 
 46' 13". StreaiiBS of di^ purest ivater were flowing from thi|j 
 b^g, a luxury not so often enjoyed by seameii in any oth^r na^' 
 gatioii, and which is, perhaps, of essential importance in the pre* 
 servation of health, where sctiryy is thie disease most to be,a{i|p(re!» 
 hlTn^'e^* The fog f^oze so hard upon the sails and rigging durin||^ 
 ^ nlgblf that t believe some tons were shaken ofl'in>the,mor(ain|', 
 lo eluSift.Qf to handle the ropes, and to work tile ship with greaf||r 
 facility. Icefields of ice and the Icebergs must becaslonaUy, dtiri«|^ 
 ^^Sunmier, receive a considerabl<f addition by tfiis kijad of dew 
 piisit. CK ^e latter, when the fog faflsd cleared away for a short 
 time in the evening, we counted! no less than sixty-tw^o of large 
 
 
 >•. \ 
 

 rff: 
 
 ■\ 
 
 3lt 
 
 dimenaions, at no great disunce from us, besides a number of 
 smaller ones. We were^ «t tlodn, in lat. ty account, 70* 06' 32", • 
 and in long. 57* 33' 56" having .| hundred and forty-^eveu fi^thoms 
 water, on a muddy bottom. i '^ 
 
 The weather continued so foggy on th^>|4th, that very little 
 progress could be made. We caught some fine specimens of the 
 Ciio Borealii, called by the sai^rs whales' food, and also of Btroes^ • 
 which were very nuiierous near the surface of th^ water. 
 
 of the 15th, the fog being still as thick as before, our latitude, 
 observed on an iceberg, was 70*^8' 53"; while that observed on 
 board by Lieu^ Beechey, with Cap<ain Kater's altitude-instrument, 
 was ro* 27' 43", the difference according exactly with the bearing 
 and distance of the iceberg fix>m |he Ship. The longitude was j59» 
 11' 58", and the variation oi^ the needle, as observed upon the icir, 
 had increased to 79*48' westerly. Mr. Fisher made an experi- 
 ment on the specific gravity of berg-ice. Having formed a piece 
 of th?s ice into a cube,*, whose sides measured sixty-eight lines, he 
 floated it in a tub of sia-water, of the specific gravity 1.0256, arid 
 at the temperature of '33*, when nine lines remained above the sur- 
 foce of the water, being nearly one-eighth. ?v 
 
 Od the 16th, in running along the edge of the ice with a frelh 
 breete from the south-west, we passed the Brunswick, whaler, of 
 Hull, beating to the southward. She crossed within hail of the 
 Griper, ai^d the master inform^sd Lieutenant Liddon that he had, on 
 the 1 1th, left a large fleet of fishing-ships about the latitude of r4% 
 unable to proceed farther to the northward. We had been stoppect 
 an a similar mafiner, and ip the same place, on the voyage of 1818, 
 ^hich rende^ it not improbable, that, at this period of the year, 
 libe same obstruction will generally be found to occur about that 
 
 liris made. For tlfe first fortnight in June, it is seldom prac- 
 llcable to get mui^ beyond the island of Disko, or about the lati- 
 tude of 69* td:Jt)'vr Towards the 20th of that rnoiith, the ships 
 usually reach the great inlet, called North-Cast Bay ; and, by the 
 end of June, the ice allows them, thougfh not without g^eat exer- 
 tion^ to penetrate to the Three Islands of Baffin, which lie just be- 
 fond^'the seveuty-fourth degree of latitude. Froin that time till 
 about the end of August, the ice presents, almost daily, less and 
 "Ssl Obstruction ; so that, if the object be simply tb sail as far riortli 
 W'^llble into Baffin's Bay, without regard to the capture of 
 ^fiiile*, there is every reason to believe that a ship; entering Davis* 
 _|trait on the 1st of July, may sail into the latitude of 74«» or 75% 
 'without meeting with any detention on account of the ice, and, 
 0ferhaps,^withoS even seeing the land till she arrive in a high 
 Hi^tttae. ' ■'■':'■'"■ . , -■-.,>-••■ ■'' ■ 
 
 i^ 
 
 ■m 
 
 
[ V>£r * I 
 
 "i 
 
 L i 
 
 
 m 
 
 l^il^t^fp^ ll^Wia IQCre bfi9f 40(9)1 fppe«raiice of a «< water-sky" 
 |l^ tlic |iWftlll?WMt, I ir^ indw^ to r^il tde thips ii^to the ice, 
 lltoQi^ the weather w^s too thml to «)|o^ ^ to 4ee more th^^. a 
 "■ or two \n t^i4ir«ctioil< We wercf ft nooii, in latitude 
 ' »|"f l9li|it!i# |9' 46' 19", th# d<s|>|h of w#ter being o^e 
 p4 911^4 piPie^ ffthoBis, on a piu^ely bottop. Toe wv^ 
 
 Hl^ifi Ojr^ef foiPWIli aP Wf cwl4 lo th,e^eftw4» w« foijnd 
 It^i^vi^ 10 &mfy IWBjnpil W "by, thp kt on ^ygry v4e, thaj^ the?? 
 %iisiio ^^r roow* lo Wor> tl^ jnipih wd w« thffefor* m4^ *«# 
 ll^ l« « io<H, tlM #8 WP^^ff mm trim Mp IV t^rm^ifa^ 
 l^pjtoy^ m t^iof OB bourd » b^Mk Ojt wa^tr fmnn t|i$ f 09. ^t 
 «Mky Iw pwpcr ii^ ooibj? to rffn|tr\| jtl^r^ fropi thw tj^^e t||> the fja^ 
 of fb« yjc^ipi tmoir^iriitef ^as ^j^cMy^y naaick u»^ of OO boif^ 
 t^ sl^pptlfir^^yery purpose, mlog the su^^mer mirths, It is 
 #euni4 III nJbfiit^aQjp^ ip pools upon the (ots %ncl iceberg, find 19.1^. 
 irinter wow vflw dis^oivsd ip ^e cq>perip>r oitr d^y t^r^^p^ 
 tioD. The log cleared in the ev^i|inj|^ w^iim nr^ perceived tJMtJio 
 further progress could W mi^le ^r^^ffb tfi#ice»i»t9 whl<^l» we W 
 fiil^ to the iRestirar4 about tvcly* mili^s^ W^ if ere,, thf »?%'«» 
 ,011^ more uajcler the necessity of returoioff ^ the e^tWu'd jf^ 
 i| ct|^^l«e of wa]^ MU)»14 )^Sfltho#|ii|pi|p p^ek presi^pt 8ititt^tiili> 
 jPve^ioosl^, hotfrey^t tQ ow retiiiii, we m«de some Obieryf fi<^ 
 ^ the ijce, fqr the y§nat|6p ^d <|*p of th« mmeti^ |ief||lf , t^ 
 
 ^mm of wWch wiP fouwi to |if 80* 4?f #' W-^mi the ha^r 
 
 ljrM'9'^1^, 4 tWck fog Mitijie^O^ 
 
 j^ nsftf Doop on the 18th, vmii we JM to i'pof^h^iim^' 
 i^^m of Ice, Mm e««ctiy aciroi^ oinr coun^, 9p4 4t^ right #|iP 
 ^ tlif m»iii body 01 the ice. As. ^is m^m 9mf4pA to.the §0^ 
 linur^f^^fs we coi^dseo^mrthe ♦«qpop'«riitsl,*'>p«nfte 
 -Vis m«de ^ push thd ships with all sniMhroo^ the vi^kfrn 
 '^ptrt,^ The facility ^ith which this .opsritioot Uchwcally |f " 
 ^ boiii^^' is Mrforii|e4r4ep«n4> chie% on h9^v|i^ a frea^ ^, 
 |fio4«p^.whtch we were not fayoqtiriea on this |Oc«b^ioB| «o ) 
 Irhen we had forced the ships nhoiit oAe hundi'ed y^f i^ 
 ice;, their wf^;^ yras compl^tiely s^ppeil. The stream cQi^lst 
 j}ichsm# pieces of ice> 0at when 911, ft^pt yras m»4<0 # ., ,, 
 ^ fhips &^eiid h^ f^ltepiog Ui|^ ^ some of thit heaviest V^^^ 
 near them, the ice itself came home, jiirithool the sh|ps being i^^l^ 
 iSorpard, £vei^ efprt to extricate them from this helpless si^|? 
 ||on>rdycd fruitless for more th^ turo houiis, wW n Af jftpcla i)p 
 fit length backed oi^t, md succeeded in puling wroijigh ^#v 
 part of n^ ttream, in which a small opening uppenreil joil |^ ||||t 
 momeMt. All our boats wf re immediaitely des{i|St<^he4 to thft 9ia>l||^ 
 limceof the Griper, yrhich still remsdned beset, ai^' which po ep$t 
 €0H}4 move in any direction. We at lengdi resomd^to th^e ^10- 
 
M 
 
 ^tA ^ 8«tidHiff ft Wiialli^itfi to h^ fBUli th« itHftt, fiSid UMi mm 
 iOff all sail upob the latter ship, %« iticfcetdeia Hi ttiM4l%lii^ m^ 
 hm ;o wi!idr«tt*1hfe #a* etiiB»ttt iJiwecd ih fcfealr Wfclfetw The 
 crt^siiiK 6f this iWNdi'br icieV#iiliifelf the hUt^m 8ttlr«9y «** 
 c^eMa tto«e fcttOtftua^yitt^s, oiectiM^<r us l*»W(ttlHly ft*r mdltt^flki^ 
 INrt h^fs, m mit i<^e iH in i&iil|}re df m diHellttbiH6Whi(% 
 Hilpiirt! fiaWre WlHifc ta^a bf ii*Vii^Udtti IhthUdrtittfeof^ 
 ^(te^M^ oii« of tljiHicll^imiil i(^1£t)^ 1^ fll« ici^ lUid MR^ 
 
 t«fe iiSvttiey fi»rta!<8»fyjtitespa:««m Ab bmf^vary'1mrkm^ 
 ^bif iiii^,Wittii^i^fen^ «hr*agP'^6rtite ttfe* hi #Wchtw djpj^ 
 
 ttti^l^d, to %hi&^e l1ibp^W^tt%thitMJ# tC t6tfie#i# 
 m€ AXUxiaa m ma ftatHcd the fet. W 7ft« U' it^\mi ka# 
 $1^ C^' *i", ottr Sbtkttatet4*iitefe itete Htiha*d Aha fdi-iJf^^b ȣ. 
 fe^K dh aiiitiliy^cJtittht. Ill tlrt «ftbmp<^,'a l*ftk Wl6^ 
 
 mm mm9fm,m^m\i'^t iunprndtb i>^to«t bife wau** 
 
 ^^ fiilk flfelW^hit fii<h% bim*ay dih^^ 
 
 lil€fe tbl^ift^i «lit«^ iti^^ una «^ , 
 
 ^i6«&i Whf6hmilBfiVih| iie*ti#%«jrvl9#fi«cfiea 0^^^^ 
 iis between it and the berfc All the boats were InstMlify loWw* 
 
 ^iltth'Woi^^^ ind Bm1i« i^^ 
 
 t?iiiytti tftfe'lbl^ing of tfiHfe Jippfo «toir^'^**^d^*^»M 
 ^^^tii t« ttti*«p^afed BfBii^^m Siw^tertbiij^A tift 
 
 iiitW*few4^^ 
 
 AlKJYttitiie^#1^biiK^^^^^^^ «"* **':^ 
 
 . J&#toi dpi'i^l^aaMiie this *«ie^i»«l ke^l&r^seffi^M 5 
 jil, <^. f 2* ir#^ll^\ the- io«g.V»iy pHttittoniete^ i^ ^ 
 
 
 . t;Sr%^^^JI^ 
 
 
 * v''f-<J 
 
 ■ ai,^,> 
 
TipfT 
 
 W^ 
 
 Kf ' 
 
 BMiddy l^ottca^, hiving deepened from one huiidrttd aM six, ia 
 ••Uing eight miles to' the westward. 
 
 Havio^ DQW *'each^d the laiit«^ of 73% withofit seeing a single 
 openini; in the ice, and Ving fftrilling ta increase ourdisunce 
 ^RwJSii^JamesLancasteiV^nnd, by proceeding much farther to 
 the n^tkward,i determined pnce more'to enter the ice in thia 
 plajSf, and to try th% eiperiment of forcing our 4ray through it, in 
 order to gel into the open sea. whit h the exp^^nce of the^rmer 
 voyage l#^me to believe we shonkl find a|po^he western ceist of 
 Qailia^f liay. This determina^oiir was strengthened, by lehe tecol» 
 lection of the serious obstructionb we had met with the preceding 
 year^j^thetieigbbouchood of Prince Regent's Bayv where grea^ 
 dete|itidn» as weft as danger* had been experienced, th^n on any 
 ^her part ofvthat c9«st. Being now, dieH»fore, ^vourt^d w^ 
 dear weather, and a m)oderate breeze from the south-castwar^ 
 we nm into the ice^ which j forflhe first two miles, consisted of de- 
 tached pieces, but alPterwards of flOes of considerable e:^tent| and 
 sMcor sevaip feet in thickness. The wind di«4 away towards mid- 
 night, and the weadier was serene and clear. * The altitiule of thn 
 aunon themfridian below the pole, gave the latitude 72^ 59M 3% 
 being li^ 57" to the southward of that deduced from the^btecvn. 
 tiona gf ^the preceding and foUowihg noons, w|iich error nii^ir^peih* 
 hl^ he attributed to the ^vattonof the horizon by terrestrial 
 i^^action. The teinperatare of the air at^tbisf^ttme was^O^i ^ 
 the water, 34% and the barometer stpod at S9.5f. inches, A large 
 bear, was seen on one of the floes, and we passed the tracks of 
 niamr. others.. . • . 
 
 0A the SSd, l^e wind was . light ^tmi the. eastwaxd, and we 
 made very litde progress. We had oceaaionaUy to heave the ships 
 thtOttgh with .hawsers, between the heavy masses of i«e, which be- 
 <^me more and more close .a(s we fdvanced, till, at lengih, towai^ 
 w^«»«ning, we were fairly beset,^ there being no open wai^ In 
 «ght from- the maiit-head m .any quarter of .^e eompass. Soiii^ 
 lunda were kppt con8tai|tl}?Miployed in heavingthe altips throi^ 
 the ice, takmg advantage .i^^every Mcasiottal openmf which pm- 
 sented itself, by which means we advanced n^w hnndred< yardi 
 to the westward 4urii|g.ihe night. .» 
 
 At Ms, A.M.i on the ftdd, a dii<dt fog came on* which, rendered 
 
 so that, on the weather clearing it, is discovered^ when toqr ]iv^» 
 that another opening, perhaps a^ew yards only from that thi!(^ 
 irhich they had' sailed, would have conducted them imto cleir 
 water, m, therefore, warped .to an iceberg^ to i»bich the shba 
 wrere made fast at qpon, to wait the clearing up of the fog» being 
 ^ lat. W OdCtCT', long. 60' otT ^0 T^ aouadifiga wsare 09e 
 
 
 "^^^ 
 
25 
 
 hundred and liinetf-^ven fatiioint» on a muddy bottbm, and the 
 variation of the needle 8S* 33' SI" westerly. At eight P.M. the 
 weather cleared up, and a few small pools of open water were 
 seen here and there, but the ice was genendly as close as before, 
 and the wind being to the westward of north* it was not deemed 
 advisable to move. When ships are thus beset, there is a great 
 advantage in securing them, to the largest body of ice that can be 
 found, and particular^ to the bergs, as they are by this means bet- 
 ter emibled to retain their situation, the drift of the ioe being gene- 
 rally lessy in (>rdportion to its depth underwater. Another ad- 
 vantage in securing a ship to an iceberg is, that these bodies usually 
 keep a small space of dear water under their lee, in consequence 
 •f the qnicher drift of the floes and loose ice to leeward. It not 
 milrequeatiy happens that a ship ii thus dragged into blear water, 
 aa tiie sailors express it, that is, that the whole of the floe<»ice ia 
 aunried to leeward past the berg to which the ship is attached, 
 laaviog her zn length in an open sea. 
 
 The ice appearing fo open a litde in the W.N. W., on the mom- 
 kig of tiie 84th, preparations were made for warping the ships in 
 tiiat direction, the wind being still to the westward of nortii, bat 
 llle fog came on tgain so thick, that it was necessary still to remain 
 aCtlMhevg. At noon, by our observations, we were in lat. 79° 
 W 5&\ long. 60* Of' 54", making a drift of four miles and two- 
 Hiirds in twenty^ioiur hours, in a S. 1^ E. direction. The sound- 
 ings had deepened to two hundred and sixty<«five fathoms, the bot- 
 tom being light>green mud. The afternoon was occupied in ob- 
 tuning azimuths on board the Hecla, with her head on different 
 l^mtaof tiie compass, in order to ascertain the amount of tiie irre- 
 laritiea of'the mastic needle produced by local attraction. 
 
 Tl» weather berag clemr on uie morning of the 25th, and a few 
 inanrow lanes off water appearing to the westward, the Griper waa 
 fluula fttt astern of the Hecla; and her crew being sent to assist in 
 manning our capstan, we proceeded to warp the ships through tiie 
 jte. This method, which is often adopted by our whalers, has the 
 obvious advantage of applying the whole united 'force in separating 
 'ihe maiscs of Ice which lie in the way of the firift ship, albwini; 
 ^ second, or even third, to follow close astern, with very littio 
 •c^ttiiction. In ^is manner we had advanced about four miles 
 to the westward, by eight P.M., after eleven hours of very labo-^ 
 rimis exertion; and having then come to the end of the Clearwater, 
 indtiie weather being again foggy, the ships were secured in « 
 4eep "bight,'' «r bay in a floe, called by the sailors •« a natural 
 4ock.^' An extra atk>wance of meat and spirits was served to tiib 
 ships' companies, and all hands were permitted to go to rest tOl 
 1^ state of the weather and of the ice should become more favour* 
 aUe. 
 
 ^i £ar]y on the morning of the 26th, there was clear water as fok* 
 
 D 
 
 .'■Aif 
 
 Hi. 
 
 &- 
 
M 
 
 as we could lee to the westward, which, on account of the .ibg« 
 did not exceed the distance of three hundred yards. We madie 
 sail> hovrever, and haviijig groped, our way for about half a mile, 
 found the ice once more close in eyery direction, except that 
 in which we had been sailing* obliging us to make the ships fast to 
 a floe. I sent a boat away to endeavour to find a ^ne oC clear 
 water leading to the westward. Stic: returned on board in, an hojor, 
 without success, having with difficulty foui^d her way to the ship» 
 ]by our musquets and other signals. The latitude here, by ob- 
 fcrvationi was 73* 02' 17", long^ by chronometers, 60' 11V58", hy 
 which the drift of the ice in the last twenty-four hours appeiirs.to 
 liave been I^. 1* £., five miles and three quarters,.or in a direction 
 nearly opposite to that of. the wind. The sounding^ were two 
 hiMBdrr4 and eight fathoms, on a muddy bottpm. At half-pf^t 
 three, r*M., the weather cletired up, and a few narrow lanes Q>f 
 water being seen to the we8tward,every exertion was immediat^y 
 made to get into them. On beginning to, beave^ however, .W^ 
 found that the *^ hole*' of water in which the H^cla lay, was now 
 •o completely enclosed by ice, that no passage put of it conld be 
 found. We tried eyery corner, but to no purpose; aU the power 
 we could apply* being insufficient to ntove the;^ heavy ,ma«aes pi 
 ice wl^ich had fixed themselves firmly between us and Uie lanst pf 
 water^ithput In the mean time. Lieutenant Liddon had suc- 
 jDeede4 in advwcing about three hundred yards, an4 had placed 
 tht) Griper's bow; betnyec^n two heavy floes, which it was necessfiy 
 .^ seiparate before, . any fnrther progress; cppld be- made. Both 
 ahips continued to heave at their hawsctrs oecasion^ljly, as t|)f i^^ 
 ia|iipeared to slacken a littl^, by which means .they were now. vi^ 
 then drfiwn a-head a few inches. at a time, bv(t d;id not ad.viince 
 ppre than half a dozen yards in the course of the night. Ily pur 
 Bearing, several bergs to ttif northward, the , ice appe^ed to j^ 
 drifting in that direction, the wind being niodf^rate from ikt 
 aputhward. 
 
 , Qn the 27th, about three A.M., hy a sudden motion of the ictc^f 
 we sttccee4ed in getting, the Hecla out of her.confined^j|itaation,|uni|d 
 Tjan her up astern of the Griper. The clear water had made so n(iu<;h 
 .10 the westward, that a narrow neck of ice was all that was t^w 
 2nteri}p|ed between the ships and a large open space in that quarter. 
 .Both shipsf companies were, therefore* ordered upon the ice to, 
 i|aw pfl* the neck, ,i|hen ^he floes suddenly opened, sufficiently to 
 jdlpw the Griper to push through under all saiL No time was lost 
 li^the j|t|empt to get the Hecla through after her, but, by one of 
 thofe accidentf to, which, this navigation is liable, and which r^n- 
 jders it sp precarious and uncertain, a piece of loose ice which lay 
 Jbetween the two ships, yras drawn after the Griper by the eddy 
 produced by her motion, and completely blocked the nu-row pfHi- 
 4Vige through which we were about to follow. Before we could 
 
27 
 
 ranove this obitnictioo by hauling it back out of the channel, the 
 floes were again pressed together, wedging it firmly and immoveap 
 bly betwixt thein ^ the saws were immediately set to work; and 
 used with great eflect, but it was not till eleven o'clock that we 
 succeeded, after seven hour's labour,, in getting the Hecla into the 
 lanes of dear water which opened more and more to the westward. 
 Our latitude* by account at noon, was 73* 05' 56", the longitude 
 
 Being now favoured with a fresh breeze from the S.E.b.S;, 
 we madeconsiderable prog^ss, though on a very crooked coast, to 
 the northward and westward. In one respect the character of the 
 iCe was here altered, as we found a great many floes of ** young" 
 or ** bay" ice, which had probably been newly formed in the shel- 
 tered situations afforded by the larger floes. To avoid the neces- 
 sity of goingTound, 6r where no other channel presented itself, we 
 ran through several of these bay-floes, which were from four to 
 six inches thick, ploughing up ^e ice before the ship's stem, at 
 the rate of five miles an hour. If they were not very broad, the 
 Hecla did not lose her way in passing through them. Frequently, 
 however* she was stopped* in the middle, which made it necessary 
 to saw and break the ice a-head, till she made another start, and, 
 hairing run a short distance in clear water, was again imbedded in> 
 the same manner. We passed one field of ice, about ten feet in 
 thickness, and many miles in length, aS we could not see over it 
 ffam the mast-head. This was the only ** field,'^ acc(Htling to the 
 definition applied to that' term by the whalers, that I had ever seeit 
 in Daffin^s Bay. About eleven P.M. the lanes of open water a^head 
 became^veiy contracted, and at half past eleven, in endeavouring 
 to fdfce thiYragh a floe, under a heaiiy press of canvas, the Hecla 
 was completely wedf^ed in, havifig rud he* own length into iti, 
 ^ottgh its thickness was between a foot and eighteen inches. In 
 l]^e Course of this dcy's sailing, the ships received many severe 
 blows from the ice, but apparently suffered no damage. The con- 
 citesions which the ehronometers experienced were, perhaps, such 
 as few ijratchca of this kind had ever before been exposed to; but 
 we did not snbsequently discover that any alteration had taken 
 place in their rates, in cbnsequence of them. 
 
 On the 28th the whad continued to blow strong from the soudi-* 
 ebst with heaVy rain; and at half-^past three A.M., after several 
 hoQl^' sawing, in which the men suffered much from wet and fft? 
 tiguefwe succeeded in getting dear ; but after running a quarte? 
 of a mile, were again beset in the same manned By ^e time the 
 Griper had joined us* we had once more unavoidably hampered 
 the Hecla among the ice, and did not succeed in extricating her 
 litt four P.M., after which we found so much clear water as we 
 preeeeded, that, with the exceptionof a few streams and » patches," 
 irhieh we met with oa the following day, and through which the 
 
 i«s'/JJ 
 
28 
 
 B,«."' - » 
 
 •kips raited without mvUM difBenltyt Wtt' hitA mmw passed evcijr 
 impediment which obstructed our ptasMe to Sir Jmms LmcMleff'e 
 Sound. The breadth of tUt barrier of ice, whiidi occupies tli» 
 middle of Baffin's Bajr, and which had aerer before bees raossed 
 in this latitude at the same season, waa eighqr mttea in a N. 6a* 
 W. direction. I have been thus particufaur and ■Nmiler perhapa 
 tediously so, in detailing our endea^oura to obtain a p a aragy 
 through the ice to the western coast of Baffin's Bay, in airder m 
 ahew now necessary it is to persevere and iMBt- 1» be 
 
 by frequent faihtfea, nor deterred from enCeriag the ic* by dm aw*^ 
 prehension of being beset. By taking advantage of every Ktwr 
 opening diat is afflnrded, I believe thtt a stroi ig > b oilt verael of 
 proper size and weight may* in moat seasOMi, b« pushed ihroogh 
 this barrier which occupies the centre part of Bsffin'a Bty, SMOt 
 this parallel of latitude. It must, at the same Ume» be cowcascdi^ 
 that, had we not been favoured wiUi strong southMcaste^ iriada, 
 it would probably have required jeveral di^ longer to efleet thi» 
 passage. 
 
 On the 39th, we had so much clear water, that theahipe had ■ 
 very perceptible pitching motiooi which, from die doaineaa of Aa 
 ice, does not very often occur in the Polar reg^na.'and which is*? 
 therefore, hailed with pleasure, as an indicittioa of an open aiail- 
 At noon we had reached, by the dead reckoning, die latitiide of 
 rrsV ]r'> and long. 6r 47^^51", and we could And «o bottaoa 
 with three hundred antd ten fathoma of Une. At five P*if<dia 
 ■well increased considerably, and, as the wmd fr^eiiad iif^ liro«k 
 Ae aMrdi*eaat, the ice gradwdly ^appeaned r ae diat by- ski afal&olr 
 we were smKng in va open sea, perfectly ffee Jmra <>betrttodOn of 
 any kind. During the time we had been bcaei amowgtlie ke^tlia 
 tempcratnte of the air, in the Ibade, had vavied frwai 98^ O'S^V 
 except in very dear and calm weather, whev the diMrnmsaetmr^liadk 
 occasionally risen to 42*. Tbetemperatute of the water bad beeif 
 almost utiiformly fhtm 31° to 33*^ but soon after our leaving- the^ 
 iee this evenings it increased to 37*, whick< tcmpeivtiire cootinuod 
 for a run of aiany-^three nulea to the weitti^ard, and then lett to 3S^ 
 and &3% ^1 ve had entered Sir James Lancaster's ^ond. ^ 
 
 At four A.M. on the 30di, two or threlt kbeberga were iu si^t, 
 being the first we had seen aiiKe leaving the icetathe eastward. 
 It is probable that these, together with some streann of ice whieit, 
 eccunred in die afternoon, pnoduced the dinMiuition > in the tmn^ 
 peratare of the sea, towhicb I have alloded above, and whidi 
 took place soon after noon on this day.' The Grip«: detailing wi 
 .Consi^enibly, and the sea being now aufficiotdv open to allow u» 
 to take her in tow, we hove-to at nine A.M. mr diat purpoie^v v 
 
 We now seemed aU at once to have got mto-l^ head-qiiarteie 
 of the whales. They were so numerous that I directed tks nttm- 
 Ikv to be counted during each watch, and no less than eighty>-two 
 
9» 
 
 art mtationcd io thii dtjr't lof* Mr» AlUfOM* tht CwiUmH 
 ter, conaidered them gcMiiitty M. large 0Mt» and raufflt«d» that 
 % fleet of whalers niiglit eaaily haire obtaiiied » cacga kaiy i»>» fair 
 dayi. It is, I beUiBve, a ecuMMB idaa aaMflg the Gwenlaii iiah>» 
 ermcn, that the pretenea of ice ia neceaaaiy to eiuiuf»iha iadiog 
 of whdies ; but we bad no ice in sight to-dajr, when thajr «er» moat 
 ikumerout. At noon ira abiervedf in lat* f4* 01' f 7"» beiaig lft» 
 first aMridiap altitude we had obtMoad for Ibor 4mf%^mA difleriag 
 from the dead ctckooiBg only two? miktt whiob ia remarkabk, 
 eonsidaring the sliiK>>lMiesa of the t6Bpasac««.Mdiroiild Men U> 
 afibrd a presumptife proof that no aouifceiiy ctwrem^ «nsta \m thia 
 part of Bafin*s Bay» The long* by chroaooMtera^ waa fSf OA' 14". 
 In the afternoon the wind broke us off firom the N.N.W*, whicb 
 oUlfed us to cast off the Sripcr» and we carried aU smI a4iead to 
 aiako the land. Wa saw it at hidf-paet five P.M*» being the high 
 land about Possession Bay« and at uie same time several streama of 
 loose, but heavy ice came in eight, which a fresh breeste waa drift- 
 ing fast to the sonth-eastwara. Sir Jasses Lancaster's Sound 
 waa now open to the westward of ua, and the experience of our 
 fiMnmer voyage had 9^Tcn ua reaaoo to believe tmit the two best 
 months in me year lor the navigation of these seas were y«t to 
 oome* Thia oonudmition, together with the magnificent view of 
 ikit lofty ByiAn Martin mountmns* which forcibly recalled to our 
 minda the events of^the preceding jrtoar, eoiddnat finl to animate 
 us vtith expectttion and m^. If any proof were waating of the 
 valoe of loedl knowladge in the navigation of the Pokr Seas« it 
 would bo amply funisMd. by the. fiact oi Our having now reached 
 tiio entrance of Sto JnuEOm liraeiatsr^'O Sound iust one month earlier 
 titan we had dona in Itt^, enough we had then aailedabovea 
 liMrtnight sooner, with the same general object in view, name^, to 
 penetrate to die western coaat of A^in's Bay, where alone the 
 j^lojltlMvest Passage waa to be aou^t for. This differanee is to 
 l^tOttributed entiMly to the confidence wluch I felt, Irom tlM ex- 
 iiaiiance gained on tim former voyage* that an <^n sea woidd be 
 nMmd to die westward of the banrier of ice which occupies die 
 middle of Bafttt's B^. Without that confidence it would have 
 been litde better than madness to have attempted » passage through 
 ao compact a body of ice, when no indication of a clear sea appear>r 
 <Udb4^ondit* ^, -^ 
 
 The Hecla*s calika were bent^and the Gripa>*8 signal made to 
 dotdks same* As wei^proached thehmd, the wind drewdirecdy 
 outof die sound, whidi is commoidy loui^ to be die «ase in ioleti 
 of this nature, in which the wind genendly blows direcdy ^ or 
 dotm. A flodk df vdiite doefcs, bdi^ vcd t6> be male eider-ducks, 
 wOTf seen in the aftpfnoon,^ flying to the eaatward. 
 ^''^SM^wiiid increaMd to a fnah breeze <» the morning of the 
 iist^ 'which prevented our muking mvLcb way to the westward. 
 
 "¥ 
 
 i 
 
 ' 5^A*jsw*'" 
 
^ 
 
 We flood m towrdt Cape B3rMii Mutiny and founded in eighty 
 iMhomf on uncky bociom, at the diftance of two miles in an east 
 direction Ihrni it. We foon after difcovered the flag-ttaff which 
 had been erected on Pbffeefion Mount on the former expedition; 
 an object which, though ina ignificant in ItaAff called up every per- 
 aoo immediately on deck to look at and to greet it ae an old ac- 
 quaintance. The Griper being cone idi;rably astern, I thought ic 
 a good opportunity to go on fhore» in order to make fome obser* 
 yations wnile ahe waa comins op. Captain Sabine and myielfj»' 
 dierefofe^ left, the fhin, and landed in the fame spot, near thtf 
 mouth of the iftream in Pofsefsion Bay, where obeervations had 
 been made the preceding year. We found so much f urf on the 
 beach as to make it necessary to haul the boat up, to prevent her 
 beinv stove. A number of loose piecA of ice had been thrown 
 up snovt the ortjlinary high-water mark ; some of these were so 
 coyered by the sand which the sea had washed over them, that wo 
 were at a loss to know what they were, till a quantity of it had 
 been removed. From the situation and appearance of these masses, 
 it occurred to some of us that similar masses, found under- grounds 
 in those spots called KaUuttt^'in the islands near the coast of Sibe<i>f 
 ria, might thus have been originally deposited. ^ 
 
 'Jlie land immediately at the back of Possession Bay, rises in a 
 gentle slope from the sea, presenting an open and extensive space 
 o^ low ground, flanked b^ hills to uie north *and south. In thia 
 valley, and even on the hills, to the height of six or seven hundi'ed 
 lieet above the sea, there was scarcely any snow* but the 3iountain# , 
 at the back were completely covered with it. The bed of the 
 atream wMch winds aking the valley ts in many placee several 
 hundred yards wide, and in some parts from thirty to forty feel^ 
 deepj but the quantity of water which it contained at this season 
 wak exiremely email in proportion to the width between the banka, 
 *bot exceeding forty feet on an average, and from one to three feet 
 only in depth near die mouth of the stream. l*his feature is com<i 
 mon in every part of the Polar regions in which we-have landed; 
 the beds, or ravines, being probably formed by the annual dissolu- 
 tion of the snow during a long series of years. Some pieces of 
 birch-^bark having been picked up in the bed of this stream, in 1818, 
 which gave reason to suppose that wood might be found growing 
 in the interior, I directed Mr. Fisher to wrik up )t, aecompanied 
 1^ a' agnail party, and to occupy an' hour or twoi, while the Griper 
 n^ coming tip^ and Captain Sabine and myself were employed 
 i^n the beach,, in examining the nature and produetiona of the 
 cmintry. ■■ 
 
 Mr. Fisher reported, on his return, thi^t he had followed th^ 
 ftream between tnree and four miles, where it turned to the south- 
 west, <wiihout discovering any indicatioas of a wooded 'country; 
 but a auficient eaq>lamition respecting the birch-bark was ^ perhstps^ 
 
<31 
 
 lurnithed by his finding* at the distance of • quarter of a milt: 
 irom the BtSf a piece of whalebone two feet ten inches. in lengthy 
 and two inches in breadth* havine a number of circular holes veiy 
 neatly and regularly perforated Mong one of ita edges, and which 
 had undoubtedly formed part of an Esquimaux sledge. Thia cir» 
 Gumstance affording a proof of the Esquimaux having visited thIa 
 part of the coast at no very distant period, it was concluded tibat 
 the piece of ba4k above alluded to* had been brought hither by 
 these people. From the appearance of the whalebone, it miriit 
 have been lying there for four or five years. That none of uva 
 Esquimaux tribe had visited this part of the coast since we landed 
 tiiicre in 1818, was evident from the flag-staff then erected still re- 
 maining untouched. Mr. Fisher found every part of the valley 
 quite free from snow 'S high as he ascended it; and die following 
 tact seems to render it probable that no great quantity eitlier m 
 snow or sleet had fallen here since our bst visit. Mr. Fisher had 
 not proceeded far, till, to his great surprise, he encounter<id the 
 tracks of human feet upon the banks of the stream^ which appeared 
 ao fresh, that he at first imagined them to have been recently made 
 by son^e natives, but which, on examination, were distinctly ascer- 
 tained to be the marks of our own shoes made eleven moii:«tha 
 before^ 
 
 ^ The only, aatm|ils we met with were a fox« a\ raven, (Corvtu 
 ^CaraJc,) some, ring-plovers, (6'Aara^rttM Hiaticuh^ snow-buntings, 
 and a wild bee, (ApiaAipina). Several tracks of be«rs and of a clover 
 footed animal, probably the rein-deer, were also observed upon the 
 moist ground. Three black whales were seen in the bay, and the 
 crown-bones of several others were lying near the beach. Const- 
 den^le tufts of moss and of grass occur in this valley, principally 
 in those parts which are calculated to retain the water produced by 
 the melting of the snow. Indned, moisture alone seems necessary 
 to the growth of a variety of plants which are found in this dreary 
 climate. Mr. Fisher who had an opportunity of examining somw 
 of.tljie ^edroclr^ ■considered them to consist principally of basalt. 
 A great qua^i^of lime-^tonc was found in the valley, together 
 .with pieces pf granite, quartz, feldspar, trap, and^ sandstone. 
 
 The latitude observed at the mouth of the stream was 73* 31' 16^', 
 and the longitude by the chronometers, 77" £2' 21", the latter dif- 
 fering only 1' 30" to the eastward of that obtained on ^he samespot, 
 by No.^09 of Eamshaw, the preceding year. The d^ of the nee^ 
 was 86° 03' 4ft'Van4 the, variation 108° 46' 35" westerly, agreeiiw 
 nearly with t^atjdbs«rved by Lieutenant Hoppner^ in 1818. At hid^ 
 past ten A.M., when we landed, the tide was falling by the shpra, 
 a|id continued to do so till about half an hour before noon; the suif 
 on the beachf however*, did not allow oie to determine .the time w;idl 
 very great precision. By the mean of our observations made now« 
 and ill the foregoing year, the time of high water on fiiU^anif 
 
 . W 
 
 t ■ 
 
 £?#._ 
 
\ 
 
 \ ' 
 
 cliMifB 4ityi, wmH Mpmr to be tbout t quarter put elev«s. At 
 Mr* F.Mm tht witur hM fhen two feet tiid • hilf, and the whole 
 rtoe df tMU, m nearfy aa we could Judge from the nnarks on the 
 beach, aiagr be from tfai to eight feet. The ttream certainly came 
 ftom the northward and weetward along the there of the bay, 
 Jvimr the thne that the tide waa rieingi and Lieut. Beechey ob» 
 aer?ed that, in runnhig idont ehore, in -a aonth-caaterly direction, 
 Ifce ihltt teemed to go SMich fatter by the land then the tailed 
 through the water. It it more than probable, therefore, that die 
 flUod comet fkvm the «orth*wettwerd on thit particular part of tut 
 eoaat. Near th^ tpot on which we made the obaervationt, a liottle 
 wat buried containing mi account of our vitit, and a pile of ttenae 
 ind earth raited over It. 
 
 ' In approaching P om et tion fiay» the colour of the wator waaob- 
 aenred to chaiq^e to a Mg^ green, at the dittance of two or tw* 
 imd a hilf milee from the thcHre, but there wat no other appearanee 
 of aheal water, and we could Snd no bottom w*ithaixiy and teventy 
 itehomt of Kne» well within it; we had fourteen nithomt,OB a 
 aandy bottom, at a caUe't length from the beach. 
 
 Having 4hiithed our obterrationt, we returned on board, and 
 made all tail for the Sound t but the wind bloiTing ttiU from thte 
 wettward, the progreat of the thipt wat but alow in that direetimk 
 The tea wat perfootfy free firom ice, ewept a tipgle berg, and oMe 
 or t#o narrow though heavy ttreaiD% which offered, howaTi^r 
 litda <»> no obatructidn to the navigaSon. 
 
 m- 
 
 .H- 
 
 CHA1pT£R II. 
 
 JMroaee tala Mr Jtemai XanMfter*t dtound ef Ji^yn.^4?htn tei mM 
 rtm&ge to iht Wiutmmri^Ditetmiy and i tofla i <a a fl >m ff fnme 
 Mtgen^i MeU-*Pr9gr«tt to tht HovMnmrd itopfMd -^ Moe-'Bekmi 
 to the Ji/b rtk n Hu4 'i ' ^ Fm $ Bmnrw^t mrtiit tmdaiiwIhtPiikKr 8m, 
 
 WE were now about to enter and to explore that |pwat aouoA 
 or Inlet which hat obtained a daffree of celebrity beyond what It 
 might ottierwite hate (seen c6ntiaered to pomeae, firom the very 
 ieppE)^te opinfont which have been held witii ttp^ to it. To ut 
 h wat pec\ffllarty inVeveailng, at being the point to which our in^ 
 ritruttiont more partkuli^y directed our attention ; and» I mttf 
 add,i»hat f beHeve we an felt, it wat that point of the voyage 
 lUkteh #at to determine die aueeeta or follure of the expeditioU; 
 itcording at one 6rdther 6f the oppoaite opioiona alluded to ahoida 
 ba coh^bdTattd. If will readily be conceived^ il<icu, how great 
 
 ■i 
 
33 
 
 our Misicty wm for « change of the westerly wind and swell. Thick, 
 on the Ist of August set down Sir James Lancaster's Sound, and 
 prevented our making miKh progress. We experienced also ano- 
 ther source of.anxiety. The rrUitive sailing qualities of the :wo 
 ships were found to have altered so much, that we were obligi : to 
 keep the Hecla under easy sail the whole day, to allow the Gripor 
 to keep up with us, although the latter had hitherto kept way with 
 her consort, when sailing by the wind. The ships stretched to tho 
 northward across the entrance ot the sound, meeting occasionally 
 with some loose and heavy streams of ice, and were at noon in lati- 
 tude, by observation, 73^ 55' 19", and in longitude, by the chrono- 
 meters, 77* 40'. Several wh.'Ues were seen in the course of the 
 day, and Mr. Allison remarked, that this was the only part of 
 Baffin's Bay in whieh he had ever seen young whales i for it is a 
 matter of surprise to the whalers in general, that they seldom or 
 never meet with young ones on this fishery, as they are accustomed 
 to do in the seas of Spitsbergen. 
 
 The Griper continued to detain us so much thjst I determined 
 on making the best of our way to Uie westward, that no more time 
 than was necessary might be occupied in the examination of the 
 bottom of Sir James Lancaster's Bound, provided it should be 
 found to be an inlet surrounded by land. I was the more inclined 
 to do this, from the circumstance of the sea being so clear of ice» 
 ns to offer no impediment to the navigation, which rendered it 
 next to impossible that the two ships should not meet each other 
 again; and it seemed to me to be of considerable importance to 
 obtain as early information as possible whether a passage did ov 
 did not exist there, as, in the latter event, we should have to pro- 
 ceed still further to the northward in search of one through some 
 of the other Sounds of Baffin; besides, the farther north we had to 
 go, the shorter would the navigable season be to allow us to ex- 
 plore these sounds^ On these considerations I ordered the Hecla 
 to be hove to in the evening, and sent Lieutenant Liddon an iii- 
 atruction, with some signals, w|iich might facilitate our meeting 
 incase of fog: and I appointed as a place of rendezvous the me- 
 ridian of 85" west, and aa near die middle of the sound as circum- 
 atances would permit. As soon, therefore, as the boat returned 
 from the Griper, we carried a press of sail, and, in the course of 
 the evening, saw the northern shore of the sound looming throu^ 
 the clouds which hung over it. 
 
 It fell calm on' the morning of the 8d, and at nine A*M.» we 
 sounded with the deep-sea chimms, and found one thousand and 
 fifty fathoms by the line, on a bottom of mud and small atonies j 
 but I believe the depth of water did not exceed eight or nine hun- 
 dred fathoms, the ship's drift being considerable on account of ,the 
 swell. It should be remarked, also, that where the soundings ex- 
 ceed five or six hundred fathoms, even in very calm weather^ the 
 
 E 
 
 i 
 
 ^j 
 
 H 
 
Al 
 
 '' ' \t. 
 
 u 
 
 f'B 
 
 actoftl di^th^moit, inibe iiiiifll wiy of obtaitnng it, be m miilev 6t 
 tome uncertainty, for the weight M the line canses it to run out 
 mth ■ velbcity not perceptibly diminished, l^^tg '^t^er the le«d or 
 the dnmikis have etruck the ground.' The clamnis being now down, 
 we were about to-uy the set of the current, by mooring a boat to 
 the line, when the breeze Mgain sprung up from the westward and 
 pirevented it. At noon we were m latitude by observation 74* 30' 
 03^'., and in longitude 78* Of", Gape Osbom bearing N. 79* W., 
 distant forty*one miles. 
 
 The weather beins clear in the evening, we had the first distinOf 
 view «if both sides of the sound, and the difference in the charact^ 
 flf the two shores was very apparent, that on the south consistini; 
 of high and peaked mountains, completely snow-clad, except on 
 tfie lower parts, while the northern coast has gener^dly a tmoothet 
 outline, and had eompwatively with the other, little snow upon if^ 
 tile diflsrence in this last resjKct, appearing to depend prioeipifU.y': 
 on the diflerence in theif absolute height. The sea was open b#* 
 ft>re us^free from ice or land; and the Hecla pitched so much 
 from the westerly swell ii^ the course of the -day,- as to throw the 
 water once of twice into the stern windows, a- circumstance whieh,' 
 together with other appearances. We were willing taattribistcf -to 
 an «pefi sea in the desired dtvectton. More tfaanfortybkck wHflAlS» 
 were s«n< during the day. 
 
 We had alternately fresh breezes from thewestii^rd, aiid calms 
 on <the morning of the M, when we had only gaitied eight or nitte 
 milts upon the Griper, which we observed coming up^he B6mA 
 beforean easterly wind, with idl her studding sails set, while we' 
 had a fresh breeze from the westward. In the forenoon we we*f 
 iHi^teii Oapes Warrender and Osborri^ and had a govMi'Viewof Si^ 
 George 'HopeV Monument, which proved to be a dark-lookin|^ 
 p«d ookispicUottis hill on the itoain land, and not an iidand, as it apff 
 "WliiT^d to be when at a distance, on our fbrmer<ir6yage. 
 ^ A solkafy iceberg being near us, Captain Sabi^ne, Lieutamtt 
 ^eeeheVf land Mr. llooper, were sent upon it to^^ dMeNe th^ varla^ 
 tion of the neodlc and the longitudevand to take angles for^ttMP 
 survey, a baife betngmensured by Massey^ log tMitween the shl^' 
 ind the berg. We here obtained aoundings in three hundred ani 
 eieven^ithree fathoms, the bottom' eoasisthig of mud find smiktt 
 8t<mes# of which a small quantity was brot^ht up in the clammSi.' 
 By .a boat moored to this instrument, a tide or current was found 
 to let liorth ^* £.,at the rate of seven^ghthsdf amUeperhour; 
 Ijhe Variation observed upon the ieebefig^^was 106* 58' 05"- westerly. 
 iAr^ioon we were in latitude 74* 35^ 91 "» longitude 80^04' 30^V ; 
 
 Being favoured at length: by the easterly breeze whieh was 
 brhiging up the Griper, and for which we hjsd long been lookiaff 
 V^th muoh impatience, a tirowd of si^il was set to carry u« with «« 
 ra^dity to the westward. It is more eaky to lomgiae thaii w 
 
 *™*(«»ix" i'^-'m ftm i tr jij.rr. - mm'S,nix* 
 
35 
 
 diMHiM th6 aluiMt breAthlest^^ ifloAtty which w«rf II6W viatble^ m 
 evei^- «ountenafit«f while* as thc^ brreze incrt-at xd to a; fresh gale, 
 We ran quickly ujp the Sound.-^ The mast-heads wtire crowdied by 
 A» oflicers afid amen during the whole afternoon ;^ and an uncem 
 <Bamed observer; if toy could' have been unconcerned on sutih ill 
 occasion, wodid have been amused by the ehgenvess wUh whi0h 
 the various reports from the crowVnest were recetved/alt, how- 
 ever, hitherto favourable to our most sanguine hopes^ .>ii^^ >*''** 
 Between four and six P.M., we passed several ripUngs 1MI' the 
 Water, as if occasioned by a weather tide, but no bottoin ceuM be 
 found with the hand-leads. Being now abreast of Cape Castle- 
 reftgh^ more dstant land was seen to open out to the westward of 
 it, and between the cape and^is land was perceived an inlet, to 
 which I have given ^e name of the Navy Board's Inlet. We saw 
 .points of land apparently all round this iidet» but being at a ver^ 
 gfeAt distance from it we were unable to determine whether it was 
 dMBtinuoos or not. But as the land on the western side a|^eared 
 so much lower and smoother than that on the opposite side near 
 Cape Castlereagh, and came down so near the horizon, about the 
 centre of the Inlet, the general impression was, that it is not con- 
 tinuous in that part; Aa our business lay to the westward, how- 
 ever^ and not to the south, the whole of this extensive inlet was, 
 sin a few hours, kwt in' d^stiance. ■ ^u- 
 
 / III the mean time the land had opened out, on the opposite shoiw, 
 to the nofth ward and westward of Cape Warrender, consisting cif 
 kigh mountains, and in some parts of table land. Several head- 
 'lands were here distinctly made out, of which the northemmott 
 and most conspicuous, was named- after Captain Nicholaa Le^li^ 
 ttere Pateshally of dhe^ Royal Navy. The extensive bay' into 
 whkh Cape Fateshall extends, and which, at the distance we 
 pasted it» appeared to be broken or detached in many parts, was 
 named: Croliiir*8 Bay, in humour of Mr. Crokef^ Secretary of tlte 
 i|;daaiiral^ ; I have called this large opening a bay,-th(Mighthe 
 <|iHckDc«w'with;whicfltwe sailed past it did not alloir us to deters 
 mine the absolute continuity of land round the bottom of It ; it is, 
 thcrefore,'by oc^ means^mprobabley that a passage m<^> here be one 
 day found ^mSic James Lancaster'a Sound into the uorthem Sea; 
 The €»ape, which lies on the weaterp side of Croker's 9ay, was 
 named after l^r £verard Home. .a 
 
 V , Our course was nearly due west, and the wind stiU continuifig 
 tO' freshen, took. US in a few hours nearly out of sight of the GK«p«r. 
 The only ice which we met with consisted of n few large bergs 
 very muKh washed by the sea$ and, the weather being remarkablf 
 ckar^o as to eniahle us to run vith perfect safety, we were^ by 
 midnight, in a great measure rcF.eved from our anxiety reapectiag 
 like supposed -xotttinuity of land at the bottom of thist magnificent 
 iide:^ having reached the loogittide of 83* 13'> where the two iheree 
 
 * i 
 
 ■. li 
 
 '^r-ve>V Jftl-' 
 
36 
 
 are ttill tbovf thirteen Ieag«e» apart, without thajslightestJl^petK-. 
 anc« of any land to the westwani of us for four or five points of 
 the compass. The colour of the water having become rath«r U^ht* 
 er, we bove-to at this time for the Griper, and obtained soundingi 
 in one iiundred and fifty fi^thoms on a muddy bottom. The wM 
 increased so much as to make it necessary to cloae-reef the sailQ^t 
 ami to get the top«gfiUant yards down, and there was a breaking 
 sea from the.eattwarcjl. A great number of whales were seen in 
 course of this day's run. 
 
 On the 4thy haying made the ship snug, so as^to be in readiness, 
 tp.round to. should the land be seen a-head,and the Griper having 
 come up within a few miles of U8» we again bore up at one A.M* 
 At half-past three. Lieutenant Beechey, who had relieved me on 
 deck, discovered from the crowVnest^ a reef of rocks, tn-shoreof 
 ui& to the northward, on which the sea was breaking. These brea^f 
 kers appeared to lie directly off a cape, which we named after Re«^> 
 Admiral Joseph BuUen» and i^bich lies immediately to the easte 
 ward of an inlet, that I named Brooking Cuming Inlet. A9 the 
 sea had now become high, and the water appeared discoloured at 
 some distance without the breakers, the Hecla was immediately 
 roundedtOi for the purpose of sounding ; we could find ho bot- 
 tom with fifty fathoms of line, but the Griper coming up ahbr^y 
 after, olmtained soundings in seventy-five fathoms, on a bpttom of 
 aand and mud. We here met wiUi innumeriMe loose masses, of 
 icef upon which the sea was constantly breaking, in a manner so^ 
 auicil resembling Uie breakers on shoid8,as to makerit a matter 
 of some iittle uncertainty at the time, whether those of: n^ich) I 
 lUKve spoken above^ might not also have been caused byjce. . It is 
 poesible, therefore, that shoal watef may not be found.to .exist jin 
 this ^ce j but I thought it right to mark the spot on the chart, % 
 warn future navigators when approaching this part of the coa^t^ 
 That there is something out of the common way in this neighbouiv . 
 hood, appears, however, more than probable, from the soundings 
 43btaincd by the Griper,; which are much less than ^t found them 
 in any-other part of the Spund at the same distance from land. 
 
 At seven A.M.^ there being less sea, and no appearance of bro;* 
 ken or, discoloured water, we agtun bore away. to the westward|- 
 the Grifer having joined us about the meridian of 85% whioh ,had 
 been appointed as our place of rendezvoua. Since the precetBng 
 evenang,^^ thick haze had been hanging over the horizon to the 
 aouthward, which prevented our seeing the land in that 4irectton« 
 to the westward of 87% while the whole of the northern shore, 
 though, as it afterwards, proved, at a greater distance from us, 
 was distinctly visible. At noon, being in latitude 74" IS' 5J^" N«, 
 longitude, by chronometers, 86r30' 30'% we were near two ^nletn^ 
 of which the eastf mmost was named Bunnet Inlet, and the other 
 •jBtnu»n inlet. The land between these tWQ had very much thr 
 
 i;:XiJu».*i*:i 
 
p:„„ Sf ■ 
 
 i^peanmee of aa idittid.. We rounded to, for the poipose of 
 sounding, as well as to wait for our consort, and found no bottom 
 with one hundred and seventy fa^oms of line, the water being of 
 « dirty light-^nreen colour. The cliflb on this part of the coast 
 present a singular^ appearance, iMeing stratified horizontally, and 
 having a number of regulw 'projecting masses of rOclr, broad at 
 the bottom, and coming to a point at the top, resembling so many 
 buttresses^, raised by art at equal intervals. 
 
 After lying-to for an hour^ we agdn bore up to the westward, 
 and soon after discovered a cape, afterwards named fay Captain 
 Sabine, Cape Fellfoot, which appeared to form the*termination of 
 this coast ; and as the haze, which stiU prevailed to the south, 
 prevented our seeing any land in Uiat quarter, and the sea was lite- 
 rally as free i^of ice as ai|r part of the Atiantic, we began to 
 flatter ourselvet^ " e had fairly entered the Polar sea, and some 
 of the most san u c among us had even calculated the bearing^ 
 aikdi distance of Icy Cape, as a matter of no very difficult or im- 
 probable accomplishment. Thispleasing prospect was rendered 
 the more flattering by die sea having, as we thought, reguned the 
 iisuild oceanic cdiOur,aad by a long swell which was rolling in from 
 ^ liouthward and eas^md. At six P.M., however, land was 
 reported to be seen a-head. ^ The vexati<Hi and anxiety produced 
 on every countenance by lochia report, was favit too visible, until, 
 on a nearer approach* it was fouud to be only an island, of no very 
 large extent, and that, oneaeh sideof it, the horizon still appeared 
 dear for severaLpointsof the compass. AlOre land was also dti» 
 covered beyond Cifipe Fellfoot, imi^iediately to the westward of 
 which liesr a deep imd- broad bay, which^ I nuned after my friend, 
 Mr. Maxwell, to whose kindness and unremitting attention, I am 
 more indebted dian it might be proper here to express. At eight 
 V.M'9 we caniie to some {ice of no great breadth or thickness, ex- 
 temUng several miles in a direction nearly para^el to our course ; 
 and as we could see eleair water over it to the southward, I ^ was for 
 wmp time in the hope^ that it would prove a detached stream«from 
 whidt no obstruction to our prc^^ress westerly was to be appre- 
 hended. At twenty minutes past ten» however, the weather hav- 
 ing become hazy, and the wind light, we perceived that the ice, 
 idong which we had been sailing for the la«t two hours* was^ned, 
 at the distance of half a mile to the, westward of us, to a compact 
 and impenetrable body of floes» which lay across the whole breadth 
 of the strait, formed by the island, and the western point of Masi^ 
 well Bay. Wehaided our wind to the northward, just in time to 
 avoid being embayed in the ice, on the outer edgec^ which a con- 
 siderable surf, the effieci; of the late gale, was t^en rolling. A se- 
 cond island was discovered to the southward of the formerilpiboth 
 of which I ^ve the name of Prince Leopold's Isles, in h^ur ol 
 hii Royal fiighaess Prince Leopold of Saxe Cobu<^« Imme- 
 
 f 
 
sa 
 
 i 
 
 liialelf lo tha. MsMrafd df. thsie ialmcU, flmUt wm i •trmif wMcf* 
 diy, indicatfiny atconaidertbls cstem of open sea, but a brigbt tct'* 
 Miak fio the wes^rard afforded little hope^ for the present, of find* 
 ing a paaaagA m.thc deaired direction.. , We saw to^disy, for the 
 irat tiiile^a numheto of white whales ; (Dti^nua Aikkmu/y guilk^ 
 WKUffvimtat pctrela^ and kit^wdcesy were alao>nanicreu8 near th* 
 
 The eatterly wind died tmvf dn the morning; of die 5th, and 
 >lNa svcceeded by U|^ and irarii^le .airs, with thick* snowy wea- 
 ^r. Atnoop we were in lat. 74^ 19' 08", long, S9*' t8' 40", the 
 loundings being one hnndroA. and thir^-fiTo lathoins, on a mudc^ 
 bottom. . At hufifa«t ten we tried wMlier there were any current 
 and if ao in what, dinction it oug^ be setting,: by mooring ar boat; 
 to the bottom,, with the <ieep«>8eai chduna; but none eould be de*> 
 tect«d. An boitr before, die same elperimcat had been tried* oii 
 board die Griper^ when- JLictttetiant Liddon found the corrent to 
 be setting east at the rate of nine miles per day^ While the ^alm 
 and thick w«ather ksted, a nuihber of the offioen and men. amused 
 iheiiisclyes in the boats, in endeavouring to kill-some of the white 
 whafes wy«h were swiramiag about thc/Diips in« great numbers { 
 but the animal wdre m> wary, that they would scarcely soffiKr tha 
 boats to approach them wUhtn thirty or forty yards without <M»ii^ 
 Hfr. Fiaher described them to be generally from eighteen to twenlgr 
 feet in length; and he stated, that he had aevend. times heard 
 lAiem emit a shriU, >'*<N|^(^ sound, not unlike that of musical glassei 
 when b«(Uy played, ^his. sounds he further observed, wai moat, 
 dutinctly heard. whei» they hi^pened.t» swim directly beneath tk» 
 lApjiti eveu when, tiny were scvend feet under water, and eeastod 
 altogether on their coming to the soriace. W* saw i^, for the 
 fii^t time, one or two shoals of narwbab, (Ahnetion Manocenot^^ 
 called by the sailors, sea«tunicorn8. 
 
 A, steady brcieze springing up fron the W.N.W. in the ailttr» 
 oooa,'tbe fihips stood toUie Borthward,tin we had distincdy made 
 out,. that. no passage tp^ the westward couM at present be found 
 between the ice. and the land. The wf>uther having become clemr 
 about this time, we perceived that there was a large open space to 
 the southwfldrd* where no land was visible; and for this openitw^ 
 over wfiicb ther^B waf a dark water-sky, our course was now <&• 
 rected. It fell cakn again, however, in a few hour^, so thiMS at 
 noon, on the 6th, we were still abreast of Prince Leopold's; Islanda, 
 .which were so surrounded by ice, that we could not approach them 
 nearer than four or 6ve miles* The appearance of these isiandsr it 
 not. less retbafkable than that of the northern shore of the strait, 
 being also stratified horizontally, but having none of those Iwttress* 
 l^e, pi:ojectioi» before described. IHie different strata form ao 
 iMny shelves, as it were, on which the snow lodges; so thatimme* 
 diatel^ after a fall of snow, thejslands appear to be itriped with 
 
1 
 
 w 
 
 irtHit and broim lOteliifltely. The iioithermniMrisl«id, ipImii Men 
 from the E.N.E., appeiura like a level piece of CiU)le<4aiid, beini; 
 . ^oitr perpendicular at each extreme. 
 ^^ The Griper having unfortunately sprung bo^ her topflMMta, 
 liieut. Liddon tcmk ad(irantage of the calnn weather to shift thein* 
 The Hecla^s boats were at the same time employed in bringing oil 
 board ice, to be used as water; a measure to wtihich it is occasioHi^ 
 aUy necessary to resort in these re|^ons, when no pools or ponds 
 aro to be found upon the floes* in 'this case, herg>ice, when At 
 hand, is generally 'preferred; but that of floes, which is in 'fiict the 
 ice of sea-water, is also abundantly used for this purpose: the only 
 precaution which it is necessary to observe, being that of aHowin^ 
 the salt water to drain ofi^ before it is dissolved for use. One (X 
 our boats was upset by the f^sdl of a mass ^f ice which the mep) 
 tvere breaking; but fortunately no injury was sustained. 
 ' A 'breeze sprung up from the N.N^W. 1n the evening, and the 
 Sriper being ready to midce saiU we stood to the southward. 
 The land, which now became visible to the south-east, dtscovered 
 to lie', that we were entering a large infoti net less than ten leagues 
 wide at its mouth, and in the centre^ of which no land eo^ld be 
 distinguished. The wilstenl ihore of the inlet^ which extended 
 as'ifaras we could see to thetS.S.W., was so eBotimber^d w'«i|i 
 ice^ that there was tio possibili^ of saitin'^ near ft% I, ther^fore^ 
 mn aldiHgthe edge of the ice, between which and tile faaitem shore, 
 ^ere was a broad audi open channiel, with the intention of seekini^ 
 lit » lower latitude, a clearer passage to the westward than that 
 which we had jiftst been obliged to al^andon ly<ing betweeit Princsr 
 JLseopold's I^les, and Maxwelrs Bay. "^Thc head-hind, whiieh fbnns 
 &e 'western point of the entrance into this inlet, was honoared 
 fa^^the name of Cape Clarence, afterhis Royal Higfiiness the 0Ufk« 
 of ^Cburence ; and another, to the south-eastward of this, w«s 
 nttned after Sir Robert Sepphaga, one of the surveyora of his JMh^ 
 lesty's .navy.- ': ■'V'-'^' ' ' *■-' ' ■■•■ 
 
 iBince the time we first entered Sir |a(mcs. liancatter's Sound, 
 ^ie sluggishness of the com]>asscs, as wellastbe amount of thiinr 
 hrregularity produced by the attraction of the ship- s iron, had beett 
 Saund very rapidly, though uniformly, to incrcaae, as we proceeded 
 to the westward ; so much, indeed, that for the last two da]^, Wo 
 h«d been underthe necessity of ^^ving up altogether theusoal Ob- 
 sel^ations for determinihg the varlalson of the needle on board 
 the ships; This >regularity became mo^e and more obvious ai 
 we now advanced tO the southward, l^e rough magnetic bearinc 
 of^the sun, at noon, or at midnight, or when. ob the prime verdcali 
 as com|wred with ittf true azitOuth, was suffieient to render thii 
 incl^asing inefficienicy of the compass quite apparent. For SiMaM- 
 plr; at noon this day, whilie wewj^re observing i^ metidian alti>^ 
 tctdc, the bearing of the sua was two points oil th« HecU^ liiiboai4 
 
 1 
 
 il 
 
 
 ['4 
 

 t«0ljfaw ■W-HWi'Wi'**;'* 
 
 m 
 
 bow, Mttd comequeBdy her tr|e coune wm about S.S.W. The 
 binnacle and azimuth compassra at the same time agreed in shew 
 ktg N.N. W.iW., makine the variation to be allowed On thtt 
 course, eleven points and a>half westerly, corresfionding nearly 
 with an azimuth taken on the foUowingtnqrning, which gave I3f* 
 12'. It was evident, therefore,, that a very material' change had 
 taken place in the dip, or the variation^ or in both these phenomentt, 
 •ince we had last an opportunity of obtaining observations upon 
 tfiem ; which rei^dered it not improbabb that we were now making 
 • very near apMoach to the magnetic pole. This supposition was 
 Ibrther streugmened on the morning of the 7th ; when having de- 
 creased our latitude to about 73% we found that no alteration wimt- 
 ever ilk the absolute course on which the Heda was steering, 
 produced a chanae of more ^an three or four points in the di^ 
 lection indicated by the compass, which' continued tiniform^ 
 li^m N.N.E. to N.N.W., according as the ship^s head was jdaced 
 on one side or the other of the magnetic n meridian. We now, 
 therefore, witnessed, for the first time, the cOrious phenomenon 
 of the directive power of the needle, becoming so weak as to be 
 completely bvereome by die attraction of the ship; so that the 
 neeole might now be properly said to point to the north pole of 
 Ihe ship. It was only, however, hi those compasses in which die 
 lightness of the cards, and great delicacy in the suspension, had 
 been naiticularilr attended to, that even this degree of onilbrmlty 
 prevailed; for, ih the heavier cards, the fnction upon the pohiibi 
 0f suspension was much too great to be < overcome even by the 
 ship's attraction, and they cbns^quentijr remained indifferentiy in 
 apiy position in which th|r^ happened to be placed. J^or the pu^ 
 pMes of navigation, therierore,tne' compasses were from this tinie 
 no longer constilted; utd in a few days afterwards, the binnacles 
 were removed as useless lumber, from the deck to the carpenter^ 
 store-room, where they remained during the rest of the seas<Hi, the 
 azimuth compass alone being kept on deck^ for the' purpose <^ 
 watchinff any changes which might uke pl»ce in the directive 
 power of the needle: and the frtie courses .. -i direction ot the 
 wind were in futt^ noted in the log-book obtained to the 
 nearest quarter point, when the ion was v' ji by the azimuth of 
 diat object and the apparent time. ' :-> = 
 
 Being desirous of obtaining aU th^ magnetic observation* We 
 were able, on a spot which appeared to be replete with interest in 
 Ais department ofscience,andthe outer margin of the ice consist- 
 ing entirely of small loose pieces, which were npt sufficientiy steady 
 for using the dipping-needle, we hauled up for the nearest part of 
 tile eastern shore, for the purpose of landing there with the instra- 
 ments. We got in with it about noon, having very regularly de- 
 creased our soundings from forty to fifteen and a half fathoms; 
 i|i which depth, hkvmg tacked, at the distance of two miles and « 
 
41 
 
 hilf from the shofe, two boats wen despatched IVoMI #ieh ship, 
 utider the commahd of Lteutenam'* Br* ^ey and Hoppher, who, 
 togt-ther with Captain Sabine, wc. d\i\ I to make the necessary- 
 observations, and to collect whatever spe^. .lens of natural 1. * ' / 
 the place might afford. They landed on a beach of sand and 
 stones, having passed, at the distance of one mile from it, several 
 large masses of ice aground in six to eight fathoms water, which 
 shoaled from thence gradually into the shore. The officers de- 
 acribe this spot as more barren and dreary than any on which they 
 had yet landed in the arctic regions ; there being scarcely any ap- 
 pearance of vegetation, except here and there a small tuft i>f stunted 
 grass, and one or two species of saxifrage and poppy, although the 
 ground was so swampy in many places that they could scarcely 
 walk about. This part of the coast is rather low» the highest hiU 
 near the landing-place being found, by Mometrical measurement, 
 to be only three hundred and eighty-ei^t feet lAove the level of 
 the sea; and there was at this time very little snow remaining upon 
 ki The fixed rocks near the surface consist chiefly of lime-stone ; 
 but quartz, granite and hornblende occurred in detached lumps, 
 most of which were incrusted with a thin coat of lime. The bed 
 of a small stream, which ran between two rocks of lime-stone, waa 
 composed entirely of clay-slate. The temperature of this streatti 
 of water was 43|'>r that of the air, in the shade, being 51^", and of 
 the earth two or three inches below the surface, 34i*. At a shOft 
 distiance from the sea. Lieutenant Hoppner discovered a Urge mai(i 
 of iron-stone, which was found to attract the magnet very pow^f<* 
 fully. There were no traces of inhabitants to be seen on this part 
 of the coast. Part of the vertebrs of a whale was found at some 
 distance, from the beach ; but this had probably been carried there 
 1^ bears, the tracks of whom were visible on the onoist soih Itte 
 only birds seen were a few ptarmigans (Tetrao Lagopm) and snow 
 buntings. 
 
 The iMitude of the place of observation Wat 7V45' 15'% audits 
 longitude, by the chronometers, 89° 41' 92". The dip of diO net- 
 die was 88° 36' 42", and the variation 1 18» 33" 37" westeily. The 
 directive power of the horizontal needle, undtSitttrbed as it Was b^ 
 the attraction of the ship, was, even here, found to be so wealt; 
 in Captain Kater's azimuth compasses, which were the most sensi- 
 ble, that they required constant tapping with the hund to make 
 them traverse at idl. At half past one, when the boats landed, 
 Lieut. Beechey found the tide ebbing, and it appeared by the inarki 
 on the beach, to have fallen about eighteen inches. At fifty mi- 
 nutes past four, when they left the shore, it had fallen six feet liffd 
 a half mor6, fay wMch we considered the time of high tMtel' tm 
 that day to be about half past twelve, and about twenty n^hutet 
 past eleven on the full and change days of the moon. The whole 
 rise-^of tide, being nearly the highest of the ^>rings, appejln to 
 
 ■\ , 
 

 li'-- 
 
 i; 
 
 # 
 
 liavtt been tap fecV uul the ebb was found to wt ^ . 
 
 ttouthw^rd in»|horc. A boatSeing moored to the bottom, SI 
 three miles' distance from the hmd, at five P.M. not the anaUeit 
 current was perceptible. From these and several subsequent ob» 
 servations, there is good reason to suppose that the flood-tide comca 
 from the south in this inlet. Before the boau left Uie shore,, n 
 staff was erected <m a hill near the landing-place, Kavkig a board 
 nailed to it, on which the names of the Mips and the dato weva 
 painted} and at three yards in th« direction of the magnetic iKNrdi 
 from the stafl*, which may be distinguished with a g^Ma at.thra* 
 miles^ distance from the land, a botde tras buried^ vrlth a papai^ 
 conuining an account of the time^ and the object of our «iut It 
 this spot. 
 
 As soon as th^ boats returned on board, we bore up to tlie'aoiilit«» 
 ward, running close along the edge of the ice* whicb> ua nearar 
 and nearer to the eastern shore, so that by midnight v s channel 
 in which we were sailing wa» narrowed to about five miles. , The^ 
 colour of the water had changed to a vcrv light green at that diai> 
 tance from the shore ; but we could find no bottom with fif^ la- 
 tfaoms (rf line, and had thirty-five fathoms while rounding a pcmit 
 of ice at three miles distance from the bench. Hie wei^ior waa 
 beautifully serene and clear, and the aun, for Uie second Ume to na 
 this season, just dipped below the northen^horizon» and thenrif> 
 af^ared in a few minutes. 
 
 A dm'Jc sky to the south-west had given ua hopea ct iadmg 
 a westerly passage to &e south of the ice abag which w« were 
 now saHing; more especiidly aa the inletbeganlko widen coluddi^ 
 Uy. as we advanced in diat Erection; but at three A»M.iOntiia 
 nKNiung of the 8th, we perceived diat the Ice ran close in with n 
 point of land bearinj; S.b.£. from us, and which appeared to fomi 
 th*^ aopthem extremis of the eastern shore. To this extreme pmait 
 I gave the name of Cape Rater, in compliment to Captain Heflp^ 
 Katerf one of the Commisstonera of the Board of XtOiMitudcy to 
 whom science is greatly indebted fi»- l|is impriovenenta <n dto fe»» 
 dul^m, and the mariner'a compaaa. 
 
 With the inc'-tasing width of l^ inlet* we had flatteicd ourselves 
 with inu%asing hopea; but ive soon oxporienasd the mondfica^ioB 
 of disappointment* I'he prospect from the erow'a .nest began to 
 aatume a lery unpromisii^ «ppeasanee» the whole dL the Ireatefia 
 )K>rizon,^from north^^ round to S*b.£«, being comfdetely compered with 
 ice, consisting of heavy and extensive tocs» beyond whicdi no ia- 
 dicaden of #ater was visible ; instead c^ wl^h there was a bffi|^ 
 md daa^ting ice-hliuk extending from.'fthore to shore. The west^ 
 «m fM»8t of the inlet, howev^, trended nmch more to$bm westp 
 WM'ddiao before, and no land wu visible to die soilth-west, dloa|^ 
 the horizjbn was so clear in that quarterythat, if any had existed of 
 podcrate height, itii might have been easily seea at this tinie^«t 
 
^ diitiBce of tea or tipdvo IragoM. Frmi these circumetancei, 
 ihe impreesioQ reecived at the tiflU was, that the land, both on the 
 MMtera and westevn ude of this inkt, would be one day found to 
 MQsbt of islands. As a fredi northerly breeze was drifting the 
 ice rapidly towards Ci^ Kater, and there appeared to be no pas- 
 sage open between 4t and that cape, I did not c<MBsider it prudent, 
 under present circuoBstances, to run the ships down to the point, 
 or to attempt to force a passage through the ice, and therefore 
 hauled to the wind with the intention of eiumining a bay which 
 was abreast of us, and to which I gave the name of Fitzgerald 
 Bay, out of respect for Captun Robert Lewis Fitzgerald, of the 
 foysl navy. . 
 
 A boat from each ship was prepared to conduct this examina. 
 tioQf and we stood in to drop them in-shore, but founds as we ap- 
 proachedy that the bay was so filled with ice, as to render it im- 
 practicable for an> boat to land. 1 therefore determined, as the 
 season was fast advancing to a close, to lose no time in returning 
 to tho northward, in the hope of finding the channel between 
 Prince Leopold's Isles and Maxwell Bay more clear of ice than 
 when we left it, in which case there ,could be little doubt of our 
 effiicting a passage to the westward ; whereast in our present situ- 
 ation, there appeared no prospect of our doing so without risking 
 the loss of more time than I deemed it prudent to spare. 
 
 I have before observed that the east and west lands which form 
 this grand iidet are probably islands { and, on an inspection of the 
 charts, I think it wiU also appear highly probable that a communi- 
 cation will one day be found to exist between this inlet and Hud- 
 son's Bay, either through the broad and unexplored channel, called 
 Bir Thomas Rowe*s Welcome* or through Repulse Bay, which 
 has not yet been satisfactorily examiiied. It is also probable, that 
 ar channel will be found to exist between the western land and the 
 Borthcm coast of America; in which case the flood-tide which 
 came from the southward may have {Mroceeded round the southern 
 point of the west land out of the Polar sea, fmrt of it setting vp 
 the inlet, and part down the Welcome* according to the unanimous 
 testimony of all the old navigators, who have advanced up the 
 latter channel coniiderably to uie northward. 
 
 The distance which we sailed to the southward in this inlet was 
 idioutone hundred and twenty miles, Cape Kater being, by our db- 
 8ervatioo8,inbttir)*53'S0'Vlong.90*Q3'45"i and I saw no reason to 
 doubt the practicabiUty of ships penetrating much farther to the 
 aooth, 1^ watching ^le occasional openmgs in the ice, if the de- 
 termining the ge<^;raphy of this part <^ tae arctic regions be con- 
 sidered worUi the )time which must necessarily be occupied in 
 effecting it. The ice which #e met with in the sou^em part of 
 ikS^ inlet was much less broken into pieces than that to the north- 
 ward } and the floes, some of which not less than nine or ten feet 
 
 Lifir*''^~**v.*«»- 
 
 'N.. 
 
M 
 
 
 thick* wcr« corcnd with innumerable litde round « hummocki,'^ 
 M they are called by the GreltUand seamen^ which are perhapa 
 first formed by the drift of tlie anow in particular aituattona, and 
 which by alternate thawing and freezing, become as solid and 
 transparent aa any other part of the ice. This peculiarity 1 never 
 If nnember to havo remarked on the floes in Baffin's Bay» on which 
 a carriage might travel without much inconvenience, except that 
 which arises from the numerous pools of water found upon them 
 in the latter part of the summer. 
 
 From latitude 73* to the farthest progress made to the south- 
 ward, we found the soundings remarkably regular in approaching 
 the eastern shore. The colour of the water was always observed 
 to chaoffc to a beautiful light green before we could obtain sound- 
 ings wim a line of forty fathoms, which occur generally at the dis- 
 t«nce of f6ur or five miles from the land ; after which the depth 
 diecreases so gradually that the lead appeara to be a safe guide* 
 The bottom is principally mud, into which the lead sinks deep ; 
 but there is also some hard ground, and a few pieces of limestone 
 were occasionally brought up by the lead. 
 
 The directive power of tne magnet seemed to be weaker here 
 than ever j for the north pole of the needle in Captain Kater*a 
 steering compass^ in which the friction is almOst entirely removed 
 by a thread suspension, was ,observed to point steadily towards the 
 ship V head, in whatsoever direction the latter was placed. It is 
 probable, therefore^ that the magnetic dip would have been found 
 somewhat greater here than at our place of observation on the 7th; 
 and it was a matter of regret to me that the primary object of t\m 
 expedition, would not allow of another day's detention for the pur- 
 pose of repeating the magnetic observations on this spot. 
 
 On the 9th, as we returned to the northward with a light but 
 favourable breeze, we found that the ice had approached the east- 
 em shore of the inlet, leaving a much narrower channel than that 
 by which we had entered ; and in some places it stretched com- 
 pjUtely across to the land on this side, while the opposite coast was 
 still as inaccessible as before. 
 
 On the evening of the 9th, a circular prismatic halo was seen 
 round the sun, with a bright parhelion on each ude at the same al- 
 titude with the sun. The radius of the circle was 23° Q6^ Several 
 black wh^esy and mu^itudes of white ones, were seen in the course 
 of .the day» also several narwhals and seals, and oat bear. There 
 Was an iceberg in sight. 
 
 On the lOth, the weather was very thick with snow, which wat 
 afterwards succeeded by rain find fog. The compasses being use- 
 less, and the sun obscured, we had novmeans of knowing the direc- 
 tion in which we were going, except that we knew the wind had 
 been to the southward before the fog came on, and had found by. 
 experience that it always blew directly up or down the inlet, which 
 
 r-"*. 
 
 >» 
 
 
 ■'M 
 
•eniUed OS to fonb -■ tolartMy ctfrect judgment of our courie. 
 We continued to stand off-and-od near the ice, till the evening, 
 when» the fog hiving cleared away, we bore up to the northward, 
 kteping as near the western shore as the ice would permit ; but at 
 eleven P.M. we were, stopped in our progress by the ice extending 
 to the land on the eastern side of the inlet, which obliged us to 
 haul our vmd. This part of the coast is much higher than that 
 farther to the southward, and the soundings near it are alsoconsi- 
 derabUy deeper. 
 
 On the 1 Ith, the weather was so thick with fog and .rain, that it 
 was impossible to ascertain in what direction we were going, 
 which obliged me to make the ships fast to a floe till the weather 
 should clear up. There being abundance of the purest water in 
 pools upon the floe, our supply of this necessary article was com* 
 pleted on board each ship, and, in the mean time, Captain Sabine 
 took the opportunity of repeating his observations upon the dip 
 of the magnetic needle, the result of which, being 88' 25' 17", 
 •crved to confirm those mad^ on shore on the 7th. The repetition 
 of such observations, which require considerable care and delicii^ 
 c^, is always satisfactory ; but was particularly so on this occ»* 
 aion from the circumstance already mentioned of having found at 
 •ome distance from the place of observation on the 7di, a mass of 
 magnetic iron stone, from which, or from other similar substancesi^ 
 it was possible that the needle might have sufliered some disturb** 
 ante. In the evening, the boats succeeded in harpooning a nar^ 
 whal, to the great delight of our Greenland sailors, who take so 
 much pleasure in the aport to which they have been accustomed), 
 that they could with difficulty be restrained at times from striking 
 » whale, though such a frolic would almost inevitably have been 
 attended with the loss of one or more of our lines. A few kttti* 
 wakes and arctic gulls were flying about the ice. 
 
 A breeze sprung up from the northward on the morning of th^ 
 13th, but the weather was so foggy for some hours that we did not 
 know in what direction it was blowing. As soon as the fog cleared 
 away, so as to enable us to see a mile or two around us, we found 
 that the floe to which we had anchored was drifting fast down upon 
 another body of ice to leeward, threatening to enclose the ships 
 between them. We, therefore, cast off, and made sail, in order t6 
 beat to the northward, which we found great di6ScuUy in doings 
 owing to the quantity of loose ice with which thiti part of the 
 inlet was now covered. A remarkably thick fog obscured the 
 east,em land from our view this evening at the distance of five of 
 six miles, while the western coast was distinctly visible at. foui^ 
 times that distance. We remarked, in standing off<and-on, near 
 ^e main body of the ice, that the clear atmosphere commenced 
 at a short distance from its margin ; so that we were enabled to 
 obuin a few lunar observations near the edge of the ice, whilr^ 
 
 m''. 
 
46 
 
 it th* dkrtanee of ■ mile to the •attward of M^ the eimwM ibft* 
 gtther obKured by fog. # 
 
 Thia being the annivenarjr of the birth-day of Hit Ro}>al Higl^ 
 aetf the Prince Regent, it nataraUy suggettMl to ua the propriev^ 
 of honooring the hirge inlet, which we had been exploring, and 
 in which we still were tailing, with the name of Prince Regent's 
 Inlets 
 
 The weather was beautifully calm and clear on the 13th, when, 
 being niear an opening in the eastern shore, I took the opportunity 
 •f examining it in a boat. It proved to be a bay, a mile wide 
 at its entrance, and three miles deep in an £.b.S. direction, having 
 • s^iall but snug cove on the north side, formed by an isUind, be- 
 tween which and the main land is a bar of rocks, which coq^pletely 
 •belters the cove from sea or drift ice. W« found the water eo 
 deep, that in rowine close along the shore we could seldom get 
 bottom with seven fsthoms of line { but time could not be spared 
 to obtain the exact depth. 
 
 The clifls on the south side of this bay, to which I save the 
 Mune of Port Bowen, after Captain Jamea Bowen, one of the Com- 
 missioners of His Majesty's navy, resemble, in many placet, ruined 
 towers and batdements ; and frajgments of the rocks were constant- 
 ly falUiw from above.. At the head of the bay is an extensine 
 piece orio# flat ground, intersected by numerous rivuletSj which, 
 imiting H a short distance from the beaeh, formed a deep and ra- 
 
 rd stream, n^ar the mouth of which we landed. The spot was, 
 ddttk, the most barren I ever saw, the ground being sAnost ea- 
 tirdy covered with small pieces of sla^limestonevlimottv whidt 
 no vegemtiion appeared for more than a mile, to which distance 
 Mr. Roes and myself walked inhmd, following the banks of the 
 •cream. Among the fragments, we picked up one piece of linm^ 
 stone, on which .was die impresMon of a fossil-shell. We saw 
 fcere a areat number of young black guillemots (Cofymbw Grtfiie), 
 mid a lock of ducks, which we supposed to be of the eider 
 tpecies. 
 
 The latitude observed at the mouth of the stream was 73' t^ 
 11'% and the longitude, by chrbnometers, 89* 08' 08". The varia- 
 tion of the needle, observed in the morning, at three or four miles 
 distmce from the land, was 114* 16' 43" westerly. From twemy 
 minutes past eleven till a quarter after twelve, the tide rose by the 
 shore six inches, and the high-water mark was between two and 
 three feet above this; but we were not long enough on shore to 
 form a correct judgment of the time at which high water mkes 
 place. About three-quarters of a mile to the southward of Port 
 Bowen is another sraiall bay, which we had net time to enmiine. 
 ^ Soon after I returned on board, a light breeze from the south- 
 ward enabled us to steer toward Prince Leopold's Islands, which, 
 however, we found to be more encumbered with ice than before, 
 
 / ^♦•^ 
 
 
 . .' , «%!93l »«*»■■>» ^v. M 
 
47 
 
 m we could not gMrooch th«m m jM«r u at first by tlVft or four. 
 *Ues. The Mrwnalt were heriilery numerous ( tliete ■ninialf 
 i4»pe«' fond of reouuniag with theb' backs esposed above the sur- 
 face of the water, in the same mtnner as the whale, bat ftr a much 
 longer time, and we frequently also observed their home err :t, 
 andquite stataonarjr for several minutes together. Three or four 
 nlks to the northward of Port Bowen we discovei^d another 
 opening, having every appearance of a harbour, with an idand near 
 the entrance i I named it after Captain Samuel Jaeksoi^ of tho 
 royal navy. 
 
 'JThe whole of the 14th was occupied in an unsuccessful attempt 
 to find an.opening in tne ice to the westwMrd, which remidned per- 
 fectly dose and compact, with a bright ice-blbk over it« Our 
 latitude at noon was 73* 35' 30", longitude 89* 01' tO'^ being in 
 two hundred and ten fathoms of water, on a muddy bottom. Soma 
 vniter, brought up in Doctor Marcet's bottle from one hundred 
 and eighty-five fathoms, was at the temperature of 34% that of tho^ 
 iiurface being the same, and of the air 39*. 
 
 The ice continued in the same unfavourable state on the 15th; 
 and being desirous of turning to some account this vexatious but 
 unavoidiible detention, I left mt ship in the afternoon, accompanied 
 by Ci^ptain Sabine and Mr. Hooper, in order to make some obaer-' 
 vations oa dtore, and directed Licutennit Liddon to send a boat 
 from the Griper for the same purpose. We landed in on- of the 
 numerous valleys, or ravines, whicb occur on this par', i^t ^ 
 coast, tad which« at a few miles distance, vety mucn resen^le 
 b^ys, being bounded by high hills, which have the appearance of 
 l^uff headlandi. We found the water very deep dose to the 
 bnchy which is cofnposed of rounded limestones, uxd on whiiih 
 there was no surf ; we then ascended, widi some diificul^, the hill 
 oBithe south side of the ravine, which is very steep, and covered 
 with inuunieraUe detached blocks of limcittoae, some of which ar» 
 conetantly roUira down from above, and which aflbrd a very inse* 
 core footing. FnMn thetop of this hiU» which ie about six or 
 seven huadfed.feet above the level of the sea, and which commands 
 an extensive view to the westward, the prospect waa fay no means 
 fivottrable to the tramediate accomplishment of our (Abject. No 
 water could be seen over the ice to the north-west, and a bright 
 and dazzling blink covered the whole space conqprised between 
 die islands and the north ahore. It was a satisfaction, however, 
 to find that no Itad appeared which was likely to impede our pro- 
 gress; and we had been too much accustomed to tibie obstruction 
 occasioned b]^ ice, i^id too well aware of the euddenness with which 
 thM obstructii^ is often, removed, to be at idl discouraged hy pt^ 
 soDt i^>pcaraiices. ., ■ . ■ X ;.. . *.. ". - ,^ -''''•^'^' 
 
 On the top of tbia hiU we depOMted a bottle, containing a short 
 imaticc of our visit, and raised ov«r it a small mound of stones ; of 
 
4» 
 
 these we found no want, lor the surface was covered with small 
 pieces of suhistOBti limestone, imd nothing like soil or vegetation' 
 could be seen. We found « great quantity of madreporite among 
 the lime, and at the foot of the hill I met with one large piece, of 
 the basaltiform kind. Several pieces of flint were also picked up 
 m the. beech. The insiffnifican^ of the stream which here empiit ' 
 tied itself into the sea, formed, as usual, a striking contrast with 
 the size of the bed through which it flowed, the latter being se ve- 
 nd hundred feet deep, and two or three hundred yards wide. 
 
 The latitude of this place is 73° 33' 15'' N., and the longitudd^ 
 by our chronometers, 88M8' if"; the dip of the magnetic needle 
 was ar 35' 95", and iu variation 115' 37' 12" westerly. The tide 
 was found to rise three feet from ten minutes past three till sevc^n^ 
 F.M.rduciqg the whole of which time the stream, within one of ' 
 two miles of the shore, was carrying the loose pieces of ice to the 
 southward^ at the rate of about a mile and a half an hour. Bf 
 observing the sl\ips» howeverv at five miles distance in the ol&v^ 
 I had reaspn to believe that they were set in the contrary directiooi 
 and that the current, observed by us in shore, was only an eddy, 
 and not the true direction of the flood tide. The time of high 
 waler here, on full and change days of the .moon, will probably 
 be about eleven o?clock. . A, very large black whale was aeen near 
 the .beach, and a great number of seals, though seldom more thaa 
 two olthe latter together. We aaw one*of the kind called by the 
 sailors, ♦♦ saddle^back," (Phoca Grcmiandica). ^ 
 
 The wind was light on the 16th, with cloudy weather and occa- 
 l^enal iogif^and we scarcely altered our position, being hemmed^ 
 hyiice or laiid in lamost every direction. At five P.M., it bong 
 
 3i|ite ealmt^we had a go(^ opportunity of trying the set of the 
 CM, whiojk,ufa^ the prece4ing day's observations, we knew to be 
 pi«g at thk ^me by the shore. A small boat was inoored to the 
 hpllofn, which oonsitted of ^soft mud, in one hundred aiid ninety- 
 one fathoins* by a deep-sea lead weighingone hundred and fi% 
 pouDds, and a current. was found, to be setting to the N.N.W., at 
 the nvte. of n quarter of a mile an hour. This served to confirm 
 ^^remark I had made the preceding. day respecting the drift of 
 tht:Ahi|}i.;^,l|ie .offing} and^ unless there, he what seamen caU a 
 «|i4e and ^ftide,'*^ would appeas- to establish the fact of the 
 4oQd-tide (omii^g from the soulthwaru in this part of Prince Re- 
 
 .On tlMJ 17th,,we had afresh breeze, from the S.S.W., with so 
 thic« a fog, that in spite of the must unremitting attention to the 
 sfAla and the, steerage, the. ships were consuntly receiving heavy 
 sipiks from the loose masses of ice with which the sea was cover- 
 ed, and which, in the present state of the weather, could not be 
 4»M^guish<d at a sufficient distance to avoid.them. On the weaher 
 ticaring up, in the afttrnooOj^e saw, for the.fiiyt time, » remarlu^ 
 
i 
 
 49 
 
 V 
 
 K/^ 
 
 ble bliifll>hefltdl»iii^Miilh forins the notth-eastera ^iaf 6f ilk eit- 
 ^ltt«i« ioto Prinze Rlgent's Inlet^lwd to which 1 g«H the iiii|ii« 
 «l^ l^aji York, itfltat'i^ Rof atHig^ the 0Qke of Ybtlc. % 
 INle t6 the eistir»i4 of Cape Fel^t, weobtiert^ed8ixre«ai#%*hle 
 itripes of niowi liiar^l to|i of (he diff; beitt^ Vetreenl^:<i^<#lic 
 «V««< distilf^^ Wheti viewed fiNsih the 8outhWitt>d. Theisc^ atri]^ij 
 which are foi^Mlbf the drift of snow betwei^li the bottress-Iite 
 projectidiis tielbre deierloed, and which remained ' equiiUy conspf- 
 CU008 on oufTetum the following year, have piroyibly at all times 
 flnkch the tame appearance, at leastabout this season i>f the year, 
 and may^on this account, perhaps, be deemed worthy of nottdfr, 
 as a landmark. 
 
 At half-ipait ten A.M., On the 16th, it being q^uite calm, thti 
 attifidi boat was moored to the bottom, in t#o hundred and tea fa^ 
 Aoms, hy which means the current was asceruihed to be setting 
 1JI^##.^ at the rate of a mile and a half an houk*; and, from our 
 fMeedittg obeerv^otts on the time of the tides on shorr in this 
 tfMl^lbefiAiiood, ifr can scarcely be doubted that this was the ebb- 
 tide, -■ ■ - 
 
 ^ If rr Crawford, the f .enland mate of the Heda, being hi quest 
 of a tnirwhal in one oi'the boats, cbdid not resist the temptation'of 
 atfiiikl)|a fine vblai^k whale, which tose close to him^and which 
 0imrm^ tw« lines of one hundred and forty fathoo>8 each> 
 «%en, iliini' Jtowfng the l^oat some cUstance, the hafpooa fortcmati^ 
 drew, ind. thus saved our lines. 
 
 ' 3%ct«»^6«ing atitt no prospect of getting a single mile to the 
 «»atWW4 la the^acnghbourhood of Pnncc Leopold*8 Islands, and 
 iil^^i«iii«ttrl!M%'ll^heaed tip from the eascwand in the afternoon, 
 i dewrmtaett^io ataad over once more towards the northern shore', 
 h^ti4l» to li^ what ceroid ^ere be done towards eifecting ettr 
 Wtt i Hge i in#«e aliic P.M., after beating for several hours among 
 wim^ltlaAiarm^ itfto clear water- near that 6daat, 
 
 y^H We faiiitd wHtM, swell from the eastward. There was just 
 ' iyjilribttottg^ at midaight to enable ua to reaid aad write hi ^e 
 mm. -'■^'' 
 
 .' The wind iir.d iHa increased on the 19th, with a heavy fait- of 
 iabw; which, tege^ir^^ith the useleasness of thecompaaaes, an^ 
 fUb narrow space^^fo wfeSch we wc«e wdrking between the ice aad 
 Inland, Comiwifd to make our aitaatioii for several hours a v&f 
 wq^hmsjiat oae;«v< At two P.M., Uie weather being still so tbi«4 
 Uttil'^e could at titokes scarcely see the ships* leiMth a-head, we 
 auddenfy foaad iittli^lvei dote under the land, an<rhad not mueil 
 i^ttom tO' ipare to wearing round. We stood offend-on during tlia> 
 Mat of. the dii^'iniaattnbg oar distance by Massey'spateht ld#, 
 ialavalttable machine oa mis and many other occasions; aad m 
 iSfif' course of tl r afterabmi, found ourselves opposite to an iide^ 
 Ml^I- aamed ahn mf rdaiioa, Sir Beaiamia Hobhoaae.. The 
 
 G 
 
 *.s3 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 ^! 
 
 ! *'] 
 
 m 
 
 
 
w 
 
 M 
 
 505 
 
 snoidir wa»rtit9«eed«<i by xvn i^t night; after whiich jthe wind feU, 
 sKid tlie frtfather becai|a& clear^ 80^ that, on the aaoming of the aoth^ 
 wlien, we found ourselves off Stmtlion inlet* we were enabled to 
 n^aloAg shore to the weatwai^. Th« jwiote of ice led ua 
 leiiiUy within two nyiles of thd land) which allowed iik, to. 
 Ie hato several small bays or inlets, widi wUchtl^ coast appetKrn^ 
 
 dented, but which it would require more ^e than we coul# 
 ypordy thoroughly to survey or examine* The reoMMrkable atnac-' 
 tare of this land, which I have before attemf^d to describe, ift 
 peculiarly strikibg about Cape Fellfoot, where the horazCMMadtstnMWf 
 yeiy OMich resemble two fKiraUel tiers of batteries^, placed at reg«^, 
 lar intervals from the top to the bottom of the cliffy affording.^ 
 S^d and imposing appearance. 'Cohere is a low potni'rtinning off 
 some distance from Cape Fellfoot, w^hich is noft visible tiU apii 
 proacbedi witiiin five or six miles. We passed alon^ this p^nt al 
 the distaii^e of four miles, finding no bottom with irom fifty to 
 sis^-five fathoms of line. Mt^weU Bay is a very ncMb .on^ 
 having several islands in it, andanumberof opemngaon i^toorili*' 
 ern shore, which we coidd not turn a«de to explore. It was, how* 
 eyer« ii|uite free from ice, and migpbit eiDi% ^hiite been e:i^tt>inid» 
 hadk l^en our object to do so» ami tJwe'Wooid hav« peiw^ned* 
 A remarlcable hea^and on thpweiMM^ sld<Q I named <il^ Ste 
 William HerscheL 
 
 At* six P.M., when we had jMisaedlto the we8|!«wtdi of ]Mia3(M«tt^ 
 Bi^, the wind iailed us, and the oppcHTtunlinr waa. imw^l^tiM^ 
 taken to try the corrent, by^mooi^ng the «mitt ooa^ to ^ho^^^n 
 in onf^ hundred aiod 6f^ Ii^oim^ fhie tide wna foui^ «On^i«^ 
 W. i N., at the ratet>f nqtmn^ of a railft per bouii; 9i>d>i|t&»ii% 
 o^cbck, when we tried it again im^slunilar n^MNier* thtm wmali^' 
 a slight sinsMn perceptible, etting in the same diveiction* ^h^b 
 mud imd smidt bla«k stones, brouf^t up ^A'l^e bott<^, eott|^iy)«4^ 
 el^fely of^Umestone, eSBin-esciiig siroiigl|y with an. ac^.^ 
 
 On the i^lst we had ^thing 10. impede ounpfOg«e» but tho 
 «aot ^ wind, the. gi^at owning, thrcngh wk^h wo M^ M^efH 
 proceeded from Baffin's my» being now so perfect^ dear of Ic^ 
 ^at it was almost imposstWe to believoitto tH» tfh»: •«»# piptiol 
 the sea,/which, but a day^ or two before, had b«en QomfKbtel]^ cOit ^ 
 v%jtfed with floes to the ntm<»t extent of <^ vi#w. !« the &»!»-: 
 noon, being off a^ headland, which was mmi^9&sn CaptiMb. l^ho- 
 ma$ Hiird, Hydix»gtapher to the Adaiicaheyiito picked up amaaU 
 ^ece of wood* which appeared to have been tl^eendtof a boa^o 
 yaid, and which caused sundry amusing speoidMdona among o^ 
 gsn^men j some of whom had just come ta the v«f vmm^mi 
 elusion, that' a ship had been here before i»s» rad.^Am ^erofec^ 
 we were not entitled to the honour of the first diaeowory of tllRl pm^ 
 <rf the sea on which we were now sailing; when a stop was ftudden|fr 
 ^ to this and other ingenious indaetftoms by the Wormniiott # 
 
 u-*-.-j-.>,»«^i 
 
 'JL.jfi^'ataa^t.-j.f 
 
 ""^uEBbSiS^SiSA 
 
5^7 
 
 
 |s|. 
 
 ■ onto of the s^liiiiiA^ iShit fkt had dl«opped it out of his boat a fort- 
 nA^t tfeford. f 'cofild not get MUt to recollect enacUy the day 
 <te Which It had^lM^n to dr&p^tA, but what he itated was iufficient 
 to Convince me, iliit trt Were tiitrt at that tiine ttiore than ten or 
 tWf^Ve leagtUfsfit^ oUr i^rtateht situation; perhaps not half so 
 teuchf and that^^^etefoire, heik*e wa(ino current setting constaihitly 
 Ita ttDfy one direcftitin. A bay, to the northward and westwaifdrof 
 Ca^ Htu^i waa dialled Rigby ba^. 
 
 At nine P.M4i!l^ Witid'being light from the northward, with 
 iiaa^ Weather^ and scAHe douds, the electroitteter chlain was hoisted 
 tip to the niaadiclad ; but no sotisible eflfectwas pix>ducedy either 
 tini^ tfe^ pith«balls Oi* the gOld-leaf. A thick fog came on at night, 
 whSchj toiitherwitli'tlie nghtness of the wind, anfd the cauiSon 
 jm^ii&kicfm iiiit^tlng an imk^oWn seaundibr such circumstant^s, 
 JH^den^ ^lUrjit^^is to the Westward et^rtrethely slow, though' We 
 IHtd fSciiitUiiatel^ #b ice to obstruct us. The narwhals were blowing 
 aibout us ih Utt^dli^ctioiiii, land t^o Walruses with a yiiung one were 
 
 iTheWdeanflig'ttb^^o fdlbWi% day, we found ourselves 
 albi^aSt ilat ^to v^^t the haitie Of RadstOck Bay wassubsequentTy 
 l^aa t)^ fi^ttt* JL^IdOnV deaire^ Hi Compliliient to the £arl of 
 IffiidMO^. Tklb bay is follliBiied bya pohit of land, on the easlern 
 lil^e, whidi I Usttled €a|te Eai*dley Wilmot; and ob the western, 
 %^* blir hetNAaiid, iR^(^%^lM^iMed^^^ Captain Tristram R6- 
 WtS'RIicle^r ^f' thfe to^ral iiavy* f n the centre of Radstock bay, 
 lies' an insular looking piece of land, which received the nameof 
 'Ciltffrf^^s Tow^i'i We iiOw alao claifglit aflimpse of more kind to 
 -me tdoftl^ard; btit, oWiiig to fa «tt^ hai^ wMch huug over the 
 "iHiiizoB to that quarts, the epiitUiittlty of land on a greist part of 
 ^Mt cOiBi, to the weai^fal'd of Cape Clarence, remain^d^ for the 
 mmmiti ^and^ttiiainedP Imtfi^diatd;^ to the weatWard of us, we 
 'l^ic6Vls¥«d tndrte 'tel, odOUfriritig sei^ril points ' of the horizon, 
 'Mdh ittte^ird ill ' iia coniidera^le apprehehaioni lest we should 
 %^^iid 116 passage Opeuiiico the I^lar sif». As we advanced 
 i^^fy to the westward, the land on Which Cape Ricketts stands, 
 i|fpeil^d tcrl^Hitefaiy iniulapf^M^^^ f ai^fidiateW to the westwai^ 
 idf ft, w«$dliHN>viltd ai»)iisiderable opentti|^ wm^ we called Gas- 
 tbj^e's thlUt, sift^f'G^ittral Gaseoyne, and Which I should haVe 
 llit^glaid «^ejifeiltine itt%'boat^ hi^ in the after- 
 
 ilE^^ th« W^4^'b^cailiii V^iy ck»< and fine, the wind being light 
 irdn the Weit^iid^ As tbis latter circumstance rendered ottr 
 prOgi^eaa Very" MOW^ the opportunity was taken to despatclr the 
 boats on tthort»vfor^epurpule of tbakiag obsei^ations; and at the 
 lAifliie tifiie a boat #o<la ei^ ship, under the respective command 
 <ifl.iteatenantfe l^chejr adNi Hoppner, was sent to examine a bay, 
 Utiio great distance to die northward and westward of us. The 
 #&t |wr^ iaiided at tke foot of a bluff headland, which forms the 
 
 .^1 
 
 -< 
 
 ■ •tj^imm^mnti 
 
 J.,. 
 
 'l^lrr-'-rr^- --« -*'^''-f"<^'' 
 
52 
 
 <4\ 
 
 ■ ♦.#« 
 
 rP 
 
 %■ 
 
 
 eastern point of this bay, and whieh I named afterngrjr friend Mr. 
 Richard. Hileyj of the Admiralty. They had scarcely landed ten 
 minutest when a fresh breeze unexpectedly «prong up from the 
 eastward, and their signal of rood was immeicUlately made. They 
 Were only, therefore, enabkd to obuin a part of the intended dt>- 
 servatfons, by which the ktitude was found to be 74* 39' 51", the 
 longitude 91' 47' S6".8, and the variation of the magnetic needle 
 IflS* 58' 07" westerly. The clifTs on this part of the coast were 
 observed to consist almost entirely c^ 9ec<Midary limestone^ io 
 which fossils were abundantly found. There wf^ little or no ,tr«i^ 
 gelation in thoSe parts which out*, gentlemen bad an opportunity" 
 of examining during their short excursion; bus* as a quantity of 
 the dung of rein*deer was brought on board* the interior of the 
 country cannot be altogether unproductive^ One or two specimens 
 of the silvery gull, (£aru» .^r^«nfarii«), and of the Xaru* Giwctt*§ 
 with the young of the latter alive, were dbtained by Captain Sa^ 
 bine; and five black whales were seen near tbe< beach. 
 
 Lieiitensmt Beechey found that the land^ which at this ttmefonttf> 
 ed the western e"-^ , eme, and which lies on the side of the baj^ 
 opposite to Cape Riley, was Mi islnid ; to whieh I^ therefore, gmre 
 tiiename of Beechey Island, stutofTespect to Sir WiViwBtBst^ittff 
 Immediately off Cape Riley runs a low point* whiiBh had somejip* 
 pearance of shoal^-water near it, there being a alrokig ripple cm the^ 
 surfiucei bi^ JUientenant Hoppner reported, thatt be cflndd4ndJM» 
 bottom with thirty«Qine fothomt, at the distance of two hundred 
 yards . from Jt. - ,. ^,-;;^. ■.,..,..,,..-, v.- ^vj..^-. ■-■,.,-, ,...-,■.■■..;'■> .^■..■" 
 
 ^ As soon as the boats r«im»ed» all sail'^aa madt to ^ wfst* 
 ward, where the prospect jttegan to wearn mofe Mdmote in^ 
 ^tittg appearance. We; soon perceived^ as we .proceededr tbfltl 
 »ie landi aUmg which we were aailingy pnd which^ with the exei%- 
 tion of some small inlets, had ajqpeared fl|^ be hitherto continnoiit 
 from Baflln's Bay, beoan now to trend m\icb to the northward^ 
 beyond Beechey island, j4«ving a large open space^between that 
 coast and the distaiuE land : to th« westirardi which now app^ared^ 
 like an island, of whicb the extremes to the north and south wcfft 
 distinctly visible. The latter was a remarkable li^adland* having 
 at its extremity two small table hills, somewlmt resembling beat* 
 turned bottom upwards^ and was named Cape HMharnvR^ter Eearp. 
 Admiral the honourable Sir Henry Hotham* one of the Lords 
 Commissioners of the Admiralty. At sunset we had n clear and 
 extensive view to the northward, between Cape ^btham and Hht 
 eastern land. On the latter several headlands were discovered m 
 named; between the northernmost of these* called Cape Bow4ett» 
 and the island to the westward, there was a channel of more than 
 eight leagues in width, in which neither land nor ice could be seea 
 from the masUhead. To this noble channel 1 gave the name oif 
 Wellmgton, after his Grace the Master-General of the Oidnance. 
 
 ." i 
 
It 
 
 9^- 
 
 The arrival off tbit «riiid opening was an event for which we 
 had long been lopking with much anxiety and impatience ; for, the 
 continuity of land to the northward had always been a source of 
 imeasiness to us, principally from the possibility that it might take 
 a turn to the southward and unite with the coast of America. The 
 appearance of this broad openings free from ice, and of the land 
 on each side of it, more especially that on the west, leaving scarbe* 
 ly a doubt on our minds of the latter being an island, rekeyed us 
 from all anxiety on Uiat score} and every one felt that we were 
 now finally disentangled from the land which forms the western 
 side of Baffin?s Bay ; and that, in fact, we had actu(dly. entered the 
 Polar sea> Fully impressed with this idea I veintured td distin- 
 guish the magnificent .opening through which our passage had been 
 effected from Baffin's bay to Wellington channel, by the name of 
 .fisoTow's Stmit, after my friend Mr. Barrow, Secretary of the 
 Admiralty i botbua a private testimony of my esteem for that gen- 
 tleman, and as a public acknowledgment due to him for his zeal 
 and exertions^ in the promcllon of Northern Discovery. To the 
 iflmd oil which Cape Hodiam is situated, and which is the eastem- 
 most^of the group of islands, (as we found them to be by subset 
 guent discovery,) in the Polar.sea, I gave Uie name of Comwaltis 
 Islands after A^dmirfd the Honourable Sir William Cop^W«llif«||iy 
 lurat navallfriendi and patron ; end an inle^ seven miles^to^the noittli* 
 wardof C*|ipe Hotham, we called Barlc^w Inlet, as a tej^timoiiy of 
 my reM^ect ior Sir Hd^rt Barlow, one of the Commissidnefnt of 
 His A^jes^ navy. . * 
 
 Thottg'i two-tlurdtof Jbc; month of August had now elapM^ 
 I bad tv^W I'^Ason to be satisfied with the progress which we baa 
 Hibecio made. I calculated upon^ tine sea being still navigable for 
 aig; weeks to come, and prc^ably more if the state of the ice would 
 pisiaiui^vwto edge, away to the southward in our progress westerly; 
 oar prospfets^ indeed, were truly exhilarating ; the ships had suf- 
 fered ^^iiyjailfir.webtMlplen^ of provisions; crews^in high health 
 irndsinntsja sef^.ifnot opeii,.atJeast navigable; anda^alous 
 IOkI unipnimous detexpinaUon in both officers and men to accomf 
 tolisb,byaU possible means^ the grand object on which we had the 
 
 lll^piness to.be employed* 
 
 
^^'^Wff%i'"'i '• 
 
 rnrjsy^p 
 
 ?r^*7H'Fp»i^!^pn^;TBP95?r''ii||^^ 
 
 ^5^W(=r|Fifj^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ '«" 4;J^T>'K'*(«<f''"" 
 
 JVA-S. 
 
 CHAt>T£R HI. 
 
 Mmtifarm^ a $tHii ^ X^nik^iBm&al mpmanu of fhe^H^ 
 Mat y»m lo^« OMnmm^rovk Idio IslaiuU turrmmmwUh jfee 
 -^Jleinalito ^MawMuapm^i dnd naturM pr^uetiohi «r iOjim 
 JliMh AkmO^mioiuJmij^^ 1^ and tte-^D^mi 
 ^ tlmv^ n propir Courai—Jkrlvai aii^ liind^ tm So^ 
 :W»«*^«#«*rf to ihe 0^e$tward, ar^ reach ihfi .^fi&uiton of lib* 
 
 ^ FanidmlMiL 
 
 K'- 
 
 ACALM'fmchptie^^mtmdvdriaiK kept Mn Mimif 
 
 ^(»% aff Beecfeey Irfitftd itfl^lir^fe A^MvS the^dj trti*% 
 f^^weWKft ipmiW il|i ft^to Ihe ii«rtli*rlira, md lOi smfl Wto mM 
 f<^ Ctpe Hothtiib, td Hit ^dtj^l^tfi^ of *l^yit it ««k «d%^l8i^1li- 
 ^ficn to ie«fk a #>te<« yiiik«l|fe^^rp^^ lleKl^li^ SCiiUt. W^v 
 
 m ID Uiti!i|al(ii| eil<ilit'<tf <ttir Vtie«^ lu iHn mpt^Mit^imimm. 
 bill ^6 lf%«t llglii iii|^l6i6irt6^ 
 
 of tl^two it warour butioeia to pnnue. I^iftf^efvin^tiio^ beJk 'Sk 
 
 by i(»v«iid ihe^dliiMlMa:!!^^^ 
 I^wiiuso Ol Wcltill||tdll cl^d|iQ^^#^^^ 
 
 >|m»edino9i« ihatt I kShiit^ piNiifait% hk^e betiii %i^ 
 tliloi^hi^ u a degree «ioe« 01: 1(^ to t^tummamiame Wm 
 or tto diBbnttce iii the iiiiiilnc^ We hid to ti^ lo I^^ ^J*i Hi^ 
 «^ channel to the weitward did ii6t» hoiwv^, l^ik^ ^lo^ 
 dUemma* It it impoti^le to cOilc<^v^ any ^h% Inort^ at^iiiii^ 
 than the (jjuick and nitobstiiiGitd^iiWl^«^MitMh#re:#«t<eaiVi^^ 
 from Beechcy IiteAd aofoss to Cafte Hdtttiiiii^ 9fo^ ^ieki hh^' 
 probably, at one time or another, es^eacf^tltiit Me^ri^dll^W 
 spirits which is usually produced by rapid motion of a^ kindf aiid 
 It will readily be conceived how much thit fiseling was heightened 
 in us, m the few instances , in which it occurred, by the slow tttkd 
 tedious mannerin wh^ch the greater part of our na^gation i^ 
 be^ performed in these seas. Our disappointment may ^tm^i^ 
 be. imagined, when, in the midst of these favourable appearanei% 
 and of the hope with which they had induced us to flatter oar« 
 selvesf it was suddenly and unexpectedly reported from the crow^i 
 nest, that a body of ice lay directly across the passage fbetwe^ 
 Comwallis Island and the land to the southward. As we ajpproateh- 
 
 1. i 
 
 •IV 
 
 m 
 
 
 ed thia < 
 foiwd th 
 wMch a ] 
 however, 
 that one : 
 ice detaci 
 that, bey< 
 The Heel 
 after a q« 
 had, as V 
 through 
 the HecU 
 jl^aving oi 
 We^no 
 wihe ch 
 ^Nchey 
 tomt nex 
 9hctes pi 
 ba«<th w* 
 
 9j9on we I 
 were pr(d 
 
 (^Gornw 
 Ao Openi 
 by tb<ft n 
 
 i^ngl^m. 
 alidWoo 
 indebted 
 l^and 
 
 oi€i^< 
 
 til^ltterau 
 Qoyered t 
 thatdtr«»iE 
 
 i'lema 
 bn^termin 
 eilby the 
 Attuoo 
 ^ilde,by < 
 hpid i^hic 
 second isl 
 edGriiffitl 
 liland^ is 
 «|i|>earan£ 
 wsfounc 
 mm of 4 
 ilpiiH*, hai 
 
 \ *-» 
 
 ^gj^^wmmg^ 
 
 
 "^^^1 
 
 ^^}.~ 
 
 fimiu^Bj^f, 
 
 
 .^H 
 
 Wi^^ 
 
 .-■,.,^v.^^,M|.,...^,^.^^ J|>**^-J.t;»f,_..^^-,..,v.,„T n 
 
 
 9 
 
 HHi 
 
'6p)!)l^9»ll»»{.';-;V'-;-*'.'.. 
 
 If 
 
 1. 1 
 
 ^, 
 
 Hf 
 
 55 
 
 •4 thi9 obstruoHon, nrhi^b commenced idbout Cape Hotb«io, we 
 fQU94 that there Was, lor Uie pre«iBnt» no opening in it through 
 wMeh a paiBsage could he i^mpted* After Ijring to Ibr an hour, 
 however, Lieiitena9t 3eech^y <li3covered from the crow't^njest, 
 that one Qarroi? n^Qk appea^d to ({onaist of looae piecea of heatvy 
 ice detached from the main floea. which compoi^d the barrier, and 
 that, beyond this, there waa a considerable «actent of open water. 
 T^he Hechi was immediately pushed into this part of the ice, aiad, 
 after a quarter of an hour'a "boring," during whidi the breexe 
 had, as usualt neairly deserted^ U9, succeeded in forcing fmr way 
 through the neck. Th« Gciper fallowed in the opening which 
 the mc)^ had maae^an4 we continued our course to the w4iatward, 
 paving once more a navigable sta before us. 
 
 We^ now remarked that a very decided change had taken place 
 in ^,e character of the land to the northward 6f us since leaving 
 HKcchey Islappj^; thie coast near the l«^r buying bold and |^i«cipi. 
 t^na next the sfe«, with very deep water doBe to it, w£ile the 
 ahdpres of CornwalUa Island riae Vith a gradual aaibent from a 
 haa<;h irhich appeared to be composed of sand. During the fore- 
 noon we passed several riplings on *he aurfkce of the w^ter, vthUh 
 were probably occasioned by the s<t of the tides' fni^ta#i ^d 
 <^ €4^iiw4lia tslandji as we tovm^ a depth of nine^-$ve; Hthbmfc 
 An. op*°>»g^a3 seen in the south«m litid^ l^lnch 1 dittin|«^iah^d 
 by tber name of Cunningham fnlet, i^ier Caption Ch^ga Cun- 
 ^ngl^un, of th^ Hoyal; Kavyv r«8id«nt ComAiasioner at BeptfM 
 a0d Woolwich^ to whose kindaesa and attention we wefe muc|i 
 indebted during the, equipment of the sHps for this service. A 
 lljMffnnd remarkable cape> which forms the eas^m pc^ of Cua? 
 n^lgbam? Inlet obtained, by Lieutenant Hoppner*s desire, the name 
 oiCa^ Giford; out of respect to his friend, Mr. Gifford,, a gen? 
 ilaiiiin^tt known and higl]d^ respected., as he dieaerves tob(e,in 
 ^Ittemry world!; 1^ the ^twsi^ipl Cape Gi<lbrd,aihick haze 
 Qoyered ^e horizon, and, it prevented Us ^om seeing more land in 
 that direction ; so that i^ continuity from hence to Cape Clarence 
 ^A remained undetermined, while; tct i)ie westward, it s^med td 
 b» terminated rather diKnptly by a headland; which I distbguish- 
 e0: by the name of Capes Bunny. 
 
 At noon, we had reached the longitude of $4° 43' 15", the lati^ 
 ^ilde, by observation, being 74° 80' 52", wheii we found that the 
 l«ld which then formed the western extreme on tt»s side was a 
 second island^ which, after Kear-Admirid £dward Griffith, 1 call^ 
 «d. GriiBlth Island. Immediately opposite to this, upon Comwallia 
 Isiand^ is a conspicuous headland, which, at some distance, has the 
 ^^pearance of being detached, but which, on a nearer approach, 
 m»i found to, be joinisd by a piece of low land. To this i gave the 
 i^me of Cape Martyr, after a much eateemed friend. At tw<* 
 P»ll,i having reached the longitude of 95* 07', we came to some 
 
M- 
 
 56 
 
 htivv aiid ckteiuive ilciinit ict, which oliti|ra lis to tiick^ thcVe 
 heiotf a6>ttiii||e between theqii. We best to the noithwanl dlt- 
 lag &e linite of the afteri^, whh a fireirti httMSefroatk thi<%tii- 
 Ipr, in the hope of fimlfaig a narrow chaniiet tinder the lie* If 
 ttkiHth Jblnnd. In thit expectation we #ete,, hoiMeir, <Bm^ 
 pelted, fbr,at eight ^.M., wi'irere near eno|||hlo perceive ii» 
 o^y te the ice waft imiite close io the shore, hot that it appearid 
 not to hav^ been detached ftiom it at all diiritt|fihi'ft season. We, 
 thereforfef bore up, and nm a^ttii tovthe 80ttth#»rd, where the sea 
 by this ifhto'hsd become rathei^ more eteir along the lee tnarghi 
 ^f a large field of ice extending far to the westward; The ice in 
 this iM^bourhobd was coveriftd with imninkerabHf MhufUtmoeks^" 
 inch as 1 have before endeaii^^d to describe Ss Recurring ih the 
 sbttthern part of Prince Regent's Inlet, and the ^dei were ^foftt 
 •even to ten feet in thiclchess. It may here be jttmarked, M n Ait 
 not iittOgitheir unworthy of iotice, that, fhim the time or obr eil<^ 
 terifig Sir James Lancaster's SoUn#, tiU i^tf had paued the' melt- 
 diaii of dS*, near which the northern shore dT Birrow^ Strait ^tisea 
 to liie cootiliubns, the wind, as is commonly the e^sse in inlets -d^ 
 this kind, had invariably blown in a diiftctibn neaily due eiat ik 
 dtfe west, being that of the sKories of the stThit; WItenYtltefefbtt, 
 we expei^ettced toi^ay, for the first time, a firesh breece blbwiir 
 iteadily ftoni the northirard, or direcdy off the land, we Were wC 
 ling, tm>ogh perhilps without much reason, to construe this dff^ 
 cwnstnace info isn adSlitibnJd indioation of'the shores near Chilli 
 we were now sailing being idtogether cbmpbsed of islihdb,'do#if 
 the chahnels bi^ween which the wind bl^#^ and that dtiinme' nd 
 •bstructibn from continued land was any longeir«6be a^ribhendi^. 
 > Afiet various unsuccessfiil attempts to get through thelce #^eh 
 now Uy in Our wn|^, we were at length so fonunite as to ieo^ 
 plish this object by "boring'' through several heal^«*ilreain^^ 
 which occasioned the shins to receive nksny severe shofeks; and';'iit 
 half an hour before 'midnight^ we were enabled to pursue bilr 
 course, through •*^sailing ice," to the westward. 
 
 A fog came on, on the morning of the 24th, which once molt 
 reduced us to the necessity of depending on the steadiness of tho 
 wind for a knowledge of the direction in which we were steerili|f, 
 or of having recourse to the unpleasant alternative Of heavihg4)0, 
 tin the weather should becottne dear. The former was, of 6ours6, 
 peferred, and we pushed on with all the canvib which; th«^- 
 per>8 bad sailin|f wovdd allow us to carry, using the very neeilsi^ 
 precaution of keeping the hand-leads comtantiy going. Wo: piss- 
 ed one field of ice, of immense length, the distenee which we lia 
 along it) without meeting a single break in it> being, accQlrdiiigt^ 
 the repoit i^ the officers, froi&i eight to teii miles, and itsignuial 
 thickness about eight fieet. In this manner we had sailed hetw^ 
 fifteen and twenty miles in a tolerably clear sea,' wh^o^ on^^elbg 
 
 'M 
 
 :'m'^ 
 
■■■■J' 'jf.ifli 
 
 m 
 
 dnav^f away, at Mven A.BiL, we found, by the bearingt of the 
 •QD, that the wind hed not deceived us, and that we had nade 
 wmly all westiM duriiw the ni^t'e run. We also taw ftmd to 
 die northwafd oTua at the distance of nine or ten miles^ appearing 
 like an ishmd, which it ^iumxrarda proved to be, and which I aamea 
 after viscoiMt JLowtlier, one of the lords of his Majesty's treasury 
 Shortfy after, we also saw land to the south, so that we cuuld noi|< 
 but consider ourselves Jbrtuaate in having steered so directly in the 
 ]»oper course for sailing in this channel durina the continuance of 
 the foggy weathen The land to the southward was high and bold» 
 being terminated to the eastward by a bluff headland, which I 
 named after Mr. Walker, of the Hydn>»aphical OiBce,'at the 
 AdmiraltT. Ipianediately at the back of Cape Walker, cur to thtf 
 aottthwara of it, the loom of land was d'lslanctly visible, but, from, 
 the state oi the weatnery we could not ascertain its extent. We 
 hcfe obtmned soundings ia sixty-three fathoms, on a bottom of 
 sand and somUL stones, with some pieces of conral. 
 
 The wind, drawing more to the westward, soon after the cUar- 
 iog up of the fog, obliged us to beat to windward during tbe rest 
 of tdie day between the two lands, that to the soiithwitfd being 
 loaded with ipe^ while the shores of Lowther Island were perfectly 
 clear and accessible. As we stood in towards the south-west point 
 cf the island, m the afternocm, we found the water deepen from 
 sUcQr-five to seventy-six £sthoms, the latter soundings being pt tha 
 <jtisttitce of two asiles and a half from the shore: and^ in atitfidlng 
 off again to the south-westward^ came rather uneiq>ectedly to a low 
 sand]r-lookin|^ island, having a great deal of heavy ice aground 
 nepr it; to this I jpsie the napic of Young's Island, after Dr. Tho- 
 PMM Young, Secretary to the Board of Longitude. We tacked in 
 ^)|iifKty<»f6ur fathoms at three milea distance from this island; ai^d 
 hpm the iiuaivtity of heavy ice near it, which is a never-failing 
 beacon in these aeas, it seems more than probable that it is auc- 
 xoiinded.by shoal water. 
 
 It now became evident that all the land around us consisted of 
 islauds, and the coBBparative shoaliness of the water mad^ great 
 cotton necessary in {npoceeding, surrounded as we were by both 
 land and ice. in idmost every direction. In the course of the even- 
 ing, more land came in sig^t to tlie northward; but the distance 
 was at this time too great to enable us to distinguish its situation 
 and cai^ent. 
 
 . £arly on the following roomiiigi Lieutenant Beechey discovered, 
 from jthe crow's nest, a second low island, resembling Young's 
 iaiaad in «ax and appearance, and lying between three aad foUr 
 l^gues to the northward of it. IjKave it the name of Davy Island, 
 after Sir Humphrey Davy, now President of the Royal Society. 
 I^e nearest land which we had seen to the n9rthward,.on the pre- 
 cluding evening, proved to be another island, four or five miles 
 
 ' H 
 
 i'^' /• 
 
 J 
 
 )f: 
 
/ 
 
 m 
 
 long irom Mtt to WMt, which I distinguithed by th« nme of 
 Garrett Island^ out of reapect to my niuch-est««ued friend Captain 
 Henry Garrett, of the royal navy, to whose l(ind officca and friendl|i 
 attention during the time of our equipment, I muat ever feel highly 
 indebted* The land to the northward of Garrett iaUnd was found 
 to be another island of considerable extent, having* towards ita 
 eastern end, a remarkable peaked hillock^ very conspicuous when 
 seen from the southward. I named this Bathurst Island, in honour 
 of the Earl of Bathurst* one of his Majesty^s prmcipal secretariea 
 of State, and a bay near its south-eastern point, was caUed Bedford 
 Bay. 
 
 The islands which we had discovered during this day's naviga- 
 tion, among which I have not ventured to include the land»to the 
 eaudiward of Lowther Island, of wluch we obtained a very tmper^ 
 feet view> are generally of a moderate height* not exceeding per- 
 htips four or five hundred feet above the level of the sea« With 
 the exception of some parts of fiathurst Island^ which have a mott 
 nigged aspect, and which rise to a greater elevation than this, we 
 found them entirely clear of snow, and when the sun was shining 
 upon them, they exhibited a brown appearance. In. standing in 
 towards Garrett Island, the water was found to deept^n from forVyr 
 to sixty«»five, seventy, and eighty fathoms; die latter .aoiuiduigs ee- 
 ^riitg M two niles distance from the south-eastern p<nnt of Ae 
 iaHtid^ where we suddenly met with" a strcmg rippling on the sur* 
 fice^of^e water: as no irreg«^arity could be found in the bottom, 
 this rippling' was periiaps occasioned by the'meeting of the tides iii^< 
 this place. ■ ''*.■' .^ 
 
 We hftd seen no whaka nmr narwhals since leaving Cape Riley 
 on the morning of the Sdd; and it was now (the S6ai) remarked^ 
 not without some degree of uiipleasant feeling, that inot a - sifo|^ 
 bird, ttor any othi^ livii^ creature* had for the whole of this day 
 qradeita'appearanice. ^t was, however, encouraging to find* while 
 advancing to the westward, as- fast as an unfavourable wind would 
 ]^rmit,,that* althbog^'^he aea beyond us was> for the most part 
 covered^ith a compact and undivided body of ice, yet that a 
 chaniiel of Sutfi^nt- breadth was still left open for us be^veea it 
 and the shore, liinder the lee of Bathurst island. Ilie ie^ here ^onc 
 floated almost entirely of fields, the limits of which were not visUnle 
 firdm the niMt-head, and wh|ch were .covered wiUi the same kind 
 of hummocks as before described. The westernmost l»nd now m 
 sight was a cape^ Which I mmied after Vice-Admind Sir Georgis 
 ^Cockburii, one of the vLords Commissioners of the Admiraky. 
 This cape appeared, during the day, to be situated on a small 
 island detached from Qathurst Island; but* on appToachingp^ it to- 
 wards evening, we found them to be connected by «loW:4aiidy 
 
 ach or isthmus, over which some high and distant htUs were 
 seen to the ^or^we9ivf ard. An opening in the IukL bcm: this 
 
 
59 
 
 bMoli, md which had very much the tppetrwice of • rivf r, with 
 •ome Mcky islets at its mouth, wat named AUiton Ittlet, aht- the 
 Greenland mtMtur ^ the HecU. The water became very light co- 
 loured at we stood in towards this part of the coast, and we tacked 
 in twenty-six fathoms, at si* or seven miles' distance from il, con- 
 tinuing to beat to the westward* 
 
 We gained so: little ground during the night, ai^d. in the early 
 part of the following morning, notwithstanding the smoothness of 
 the water, and » fine working breeze, that I am confident there 
 must have been a tide setting against us off Cape Co^kburn) but, 
 aa it was of material importance to get round this headland, before 
 • change of wind should set thr ice in upon the shore, I did not 
 deem it proper to heave-to, for the purpose of trying the direction 
 in. which it was cunning. After three A.M., the ships began to 
 make much better wayt ao that I considered it likely that the tide 
 had sUckened between three and four o'clock { and if so, the tima 
 of slack water «t this place would be> on full and change days, a 
 few minutes after eleven: and as this time, with the proper correc- 
 tion appUed, seema to correspond pretty accurately with that of 
 high water at the other places, to the eastward and westward, 
 where we had an opportunity of observing it, we could scarcely 
 doubt that it was the flood-tide which had now been setting against 
 ua from the westward. From thcfe circumstances, 1 have ven- 
 tured to mark the time of high water, and the direction of the 
 flood-tide, upon the chart, both being confessedly subject to correc- 
 tUMi by future navigators. Several seals were here seen upon ^hc 
 ice, and a single bird with a long bill, resembling a curlew. 
 
 While bleating round Cape Cockbum, our soundings were from 
 ;thir.ty-three to twenty-one fathoms, on a bottom of small broken 
 nheUa and coral ; and some star-fish ( Asteritu), came up on the lead. 
 After rounding this headland, the wind favoured us by coming to 
 the S.S.W.i and as we stood on to the westward, the water deep 
 caed very graduidly till noon, when being in latitude, by observa- 
 tion, 75' 01' 51" and longitude, by chronometers, lOl" 39' 09" we 
 aounded in aizW^etght fathoms, on a bottom of mud of, a peculiar 
 ilesh-colour. The high land, which had been seen on the preced- 
 ing eveni^i;, over the^low beach to the eastward of Cape Cockbum, 
 now appeared also to form a part of J^athurst Island, which we 
 afterwards found ^o be the case, (on our return in 18S0,)the inter- 
 mediate parts of the land being too low to be clearly distinguished 
 «t our ij^esent distance. The land to the westward of Cape Cotk- 
 hurn sweeps round into a large hay, which I named after yice^ 
 Admiral Sir Graham Moore. 
 
 The weather was at this time remarkably serene and clear, and, 
 although we saw a line of ice to the southward of us, lying in a 
 direction nearly east and west, or parallel to the course on which 
 we were steering, and some mont land appeared to the westward. 
 
 H 
 
eo 
 
 'J' 
 
 yet tht ipiM of oMi watmr w» mM so bfoad. Mid ^he ;. r-.. 
 
 from the mait»lwM, upon the wMer eo AatterUig, llMt I lltoiigM 
 the chancel of our Mpkratioa luul now b ecome gw onrthoo beliMot 
 md I therefore contidertd It right to funrieh UeoieMMit lUddoa 
 trith lireeh iottructione, «mI to affoiiit oome mw fliMe of feadea* 
 voiM, m case of unavoidable teparatioii flroio the Heda. A boot 
 waa, therefore* dropped on boai€ tiie Griper for that purpoae, 
 Without her hcaving-io { and 4Aie aaoaooffportanitf evaa taken to ob* 
 tain a comparieon between oor ehroooaietert. AboM teren P.M« 
 we were iuAciendy near to the weetem land to aMenaIn that it 
 waa part of another ialand) which 1 named after ¥ic«-Admir«l 
 Sir Thomaa Byam Martin, compirbller of Hie Mijeety't navyi 
 and by eight o^loekwe pereeiveathatthebody of ttetothaaoiiith- 
 ward, along Which we had been iaiUng, took a turn to theinrth, 
 and atretched <(ttite in to tlw shore, newr a tow point, oflT which 
 a great qiiantiiy of heavy iee was aground. Aft ten o'dock, i^fter 
 havibg had a dear view of the ice and of the land about tuMet^ 
 and finding that there WM at preeent no panaoe to the westward. 
 We hauled off to the south-east, ih the hope of finding eomo open* 
 iug in the ipo to the southward, by irfiich %re nuglit get found in 
 the desired direction. We were encouraged in this heoe by a 
 dark ** water-sky*' to the southward { but, Mter ronning wMg «hia 
 ice till hnlf-'past eleven, without peroeivkig any opening, w» ngaii 
 bore-up to return towards the island. Theee was, in this ne^jb^ 
 bourhood, a gitat deal of that particular kind of ioe, oaUed by ^kim- 
 nSAion «« dirty ice,** on the sumce of which were strewed sand. 
 8toi^es,and in some instances, moss: ice off this kind aMNt, of 
 course, at one time or oilier, have been in close jBootaet with the 
 buid. On one of thiiise pieces, towards which the Heda wasstand<> 
 i^, a littb aea was curved breakingi and, on a nearer oppvoaoh^ 
 it so eXfwtly resembled a rode above water, that I t hough t it prtt» 
 dent to heave dl the *dls aback> till a boat had beon sent to exi»> 
 mine it. We saw ae vend fulmar petrels, and one or two aeali%^ 
 in. the cciurae of Ais day*s run. 
 
 As We afiproaehed, on the SSth, the soudi point of the island^ 
 to wMeh t gave the name of Cape GiUman^ out of respect to ^ 
 memory of the late Sir John Gillman, we found the ice in the 
 same position as before; and I there£N« hauled to the north-east 
 with the intention of attemptini^ a passagis round the north oido of 
 the ialsuid. In standing in, toWardf Cape Oillman, our soundings 
 SP«dodly decr«aiMd from eighty to twdnty-three fathoms, the latter 
 deptli occurring at the distance of two to four miles from ifce 
 shore. At ten A.M., the wind beii^ vory Ught from tbo^S.S^E., 
 I despatdied Captain Ssbine and Mr. Ross, occoa^amed by 
 Messrs. Edwards atid Fisher, to the eastern >point of the istend, 
 Hvhibh we were about to round in the ships, in ordier to make the 
 •neeessary observations, and lo examine the natural productions of 
 
 middle 
 
 iiensive 
 We^ont 
 aafo gui 
 when wc 
 fiom the 
 had land 
 which Wi 
 ttresiing 
 which w 
 tlooa we 
 Capmin 
 dtonted 
 the aea, \ 
 ki a circi 
 totenfe 
 vorticaU] 
 tfMdlya 
 Which w^ 
 mcadK 
 diametei 
 cfa«leaw| 
 huts io 11 
 cover e d i 
 posed thi 
 lUKV^tee 
 1bi»4eei 
 ihelattci 
 AfrWpi 
 vitias, ht 
 and cons 
 ■vered wi 
 of which 
 #ofeisessn 
 "by for ti 
 board oo 
 together 
 ofdMlia 
 of thi t 
 two or i 
 
 markylii 
 being d 
 Thte li 
 ki^tud 
 ntedle v 
 
* 
 
 61 
 
 mid the depth of wttcr forty iftthont. A thkk fog ciune oo in the 
 ifteraoon, tooi after the botn had hmded, which fliade me appre- 
 iiettfive ihet the anookl aoc eiiHy find her wajr haek to «he ehip. 
 We ioatkiued to itMid offoihd.^ hf the lead, which eeeait a very 
 aaCi guide on thit eoaet} firing guns ftaqoenilr, till fiVe P.M^, 
 when we were not torry to hiear our eignale taiw^d by anueke^ 
 from the hoat The geatknndn reported, on their return, that they 
 had landed on a eandy beach, near the east pdlht of th^ iehiod, 
 which tiiey found to be moit prodnetive, and i4togcidier oioi^ in- 
 ttreiting than any other part of the Chorea of the Pbter regions 
 which we had yet vieited. Tha remains of Esqoimaus: habita- 
 ttooa were found in fiior dIMsrent phwM. She of these, whidi 
 Captain Sabine had an opportunity of exaasiaing, and which are 
 iitiMCed on a level sandy bank, at the side of a suall ravine neiir 
 Ihe sea, are described by hint aS consisdng of stones tuddy j^ced 
 kk a circuhir, or radter an cUtptlcal forsn. They wen firom seven 
 SO «en lieet in diameter; the broad fiat sides of the stnnes standing 
 vartically, and the a^liole structote, if such it may be called, being 
 anctly simibr to that of the snmmer huts of the EsquiroaUa, 
 irMch we had seen at Hare Ishmd the preceding year. Attached 
 c» eadi of them was a smaller circle, generally four or five feet in 
 diameter^ which had probably been the fire-phutc. The small 
 drelea were placed indifierendy, as to thehr direcdion from the 
 ilttts to which they belonged i and from the moss and sand which 
 covered some of the kwver stones, partlculai% diose which coin, 
 posed the flooring of the huts, the whde encampment appeared to 
 have fcsen deserted for several years: Very recent traces of ^ 
 tliia-deer aadmnsk-ot were se«n in many tnitcst and a head of 
 the hitter, with several min-de^rs* horns, a^ib brou|^t on board. 
 A feir psaches of snow remained in ^helter^d situationt; the ra- 
 viiMfts, hotrwer, tc'hidi wore Munerous, bore die signs c^ rec^ 
 aiid conslderabte floods^ and their bottoms "were swampy, and Co- 
 irered with very luxuriant moss, and other vegetation, the character 
 of which dlfl^red very litde frOm that of the land at the bottom of 
 #o«sesSiott ftsy. The basis of the island is sandstone, pt which 
 •%forthe|;reater pmt of the mineralogicid spedmens brought oii 
 inardoosiaisted; besides these, some rich granite and red feldspar, 
 lAgether widi aome other isubs^ifices, wera met with. A nombet 
 ofihelis,ofihe reiiiie tribe, were fouad imbedded in the bottom 
 of the ravines. A thermometer, of wlOch the bulb was buried 
 two or time inches in the eand, considers!^ above high water 
 math, ihdicated^M temperatura of S5Vi that of the air, the suh 
 bete* eincured by douds at the time, being SSfV 
 
 The latitude of tte place of observation was 75* 09' 23", and the 
 Jongitttde, by chroooitaetera, 103' 44' $7". The dip of the ma^etic 
 needle was 88' 25.58, and the variation was now found to have 
 
 i. 
 
m 
 
 !1 
 
 ^' 
 
 I 
 
 chmse^ frdm 118® St'Wei^^in the longitude ef 9t* 48', where our 
 last obierVtttioni on shore hftd been made, to 165* 50* 09" East^ at 
 our present station { so that we had, in sailing over the apace in*- 
 cittded between those two meridians, crossed immediately to the 
 ikMthward 6f the niagnetie^pole, and had undonbte illy passed over 
 one of those" spots upon the ^ohe, where the needle would have 
 been found to vary 180*, or in other words, where its north pole 
 would have pointed due sduth. This spot would^ in all probability, 
 at this time be soniewhere not fir from the meridian of 100'*, west 
 of Greenwich. It would undo^feifdly have been extremely inter- 
 teting to obMiii iUch an obseri^tioni and in any other than the 
 very precarious Navigation in twMch .#e were now engaged, I 
 should have felt it my, du^ to^devdli a certain time to this pard- 
 cular purpose; butf under preseht cireumstancfes, it was imposs'^le 
 for rae to regret the cause which akiiit;. had prevented it, especially' 
 as the imp<»rtance fo science of th:s obibrvation was not sufficieM 
 to compensate the delsv whith the search after such a spot would 
 necessarily have occasioned; and which could hardly be justified 
 At a ii(ioment when we were making, and' fiair two or three days 
 Continued to make, a rapid and unobstructed progress towards the 
 accomplishment of durprincijsalobjleict. Captain £kibitie remarked, 
 in obtaining the observations fdr the v^ation,that'the compasses, 
 which were' hose of Captttin Kater's construction, tequbred some, 
 whatmdre tapping with the .hand; to ihake them traverse, thftn 
 they did at the place of obse^ition in Printe Regent's Inlet, on 
 the f th of Augurs, whei'e the n^aginctle dip wis vfery nearly the same; 
 but that, when they had settiedt Aey hfdicxited the meridian wi^ 
 niore prdcisiot^ ' For iiHttancie^on ^e 7th of Axu^t^ the compass, 
 when levelled on its Mxui, wouldtraverseofitsieffibut if the bear- 
 ing of any object were observed with it, and the compass frequent^ 
 removed and repUced, the bearings so obtuned would diffisrihnn 
 each oUier^ notwithstanding much tapping, .to tlie amoimtof 3*or 
 4*; whereas bn the present occasion; more sk^shnew was ob> 
 aervable; yet, at the same time, a closer agr^ment in the succeso 
 cessive results; 
 
 ' The tide was rising by the khorfe, from noon till half past four 
 P.M., at which time the boats left the beach; and, by the highw 
 water mark, it was consideried probable that it had yet te rise toU 
 an hour longer. The time of high-water, therefore, may be taken 
 at half.past five, which will make that of the full and change days 
 about twelve o'clock. Mr. Ross found, on rowing round the point 
 near which he landed, that the stream was setting strong against 
 him from the northward. We had tried the current in Ute offing 
 at noon, by mooring the small boat to the bottotn, when it was 
 found to be running in a south direction, at the rate of half a mile 
 per hour. At four P.M., near the same station, it waa setting 
 
 S.S.W.,« 
 
 tolerably 
 
 ward. 
 
 The wi 
 continued 
 but to sta 
 land i as i 
 we were ! 
 one tack, 
 upon the 
 very labo 
 times thu 
 A.M. on 
 bottom, b 
 tialiy clea 
 ice was a 
 tempted 
 made sail 
 when we 
 again as t 
 beeii'ena.!: 
 for each 
 along wh 
 long as w 
 but-as so 
 off to the 
 iOfg, were 
 days of n 
 weisuppo 
 »DP comp 
 only now 
 literally, 1 
 
 momvm 
 
 amuatngi 
 ship by 4c 
 it was nee 
 freshened 
 extremel) 
 a bottom 
 enough tc 
 of.ice wb 
 ance of a 
 fulithap t 
 iUusion w 
 ^aU *^ h( 
 open and 
 
 {f*-i 
 
ft3 
 
 S.S.W.,five-eightht ofa mUe an hour, so that it would appear 
 tolerably certain that the flood-tide here comes from the north* 
 ward. 
 
 The wind became very light from the eastward, and the weather 
 continued so foggy that nothing cpuld be done during the night 
 but to stand off-and-on, by the soundings* between the ice and the 
 land ; as we had no other means of l^nowiue the direction in which 
 we were sailing, than by the decrease in the depth of water on 
 one tack, and jby making the ice on the other. The fog froze hard 
 upon the rigging, which always makes the working of^ the ship a 
 very laborious task* the sia^e of the running rigging being some- 
 times thus increased to three times its proper diameter.; At four 
 A.Af. on the 99ch, the current was tried by mooring a boat to the 
 bottom, but none could be detected. About this time the fog par- 
 tially cleared away for a little while, when we observed that the 
 ice was more open off Cape Gillman, than when we had before at- 
 tempted to_^ pass in that direction. At 6ve o'clock, therefore, we 
 made sail for the point, with a light easterly breeze ; but at seven, 
 when we had proceeded only two or three miles, the fog came on 
 again as thick as hefore: fortunately, however, we bad previously 
 been; enabled to take notice of several pieces of ice, by steering 
 for each of which in succession, we came to the edge of a floe, 
 idong which, our. course wa^^to be pursued to the westward. As 
 long as wc^.hadjthis guidance, we advanced with great confidence; 
 but-as soon a» we came to the end of the flloe, which then turned 
 ofl'to the southward, the circumstances under which we were saU- 
 ickg, were, perhaps, such as have never occurred since the early 
 days of navigation. To the northward was the land ; tae ice, as 
 we supposed, to the southward ; the compasses useless; and the 
 »|)P completely obscured by a fog, so thick th^t the Griper could 
 only now and then be seen at a cable's length astern. We had 
 UteraUy, thecefore, no mode' of regulating our course but by once , 
 Boi^^^ruiiUng, to the steadiness of me Wind ; and it was not a littla 
 amustngfas weU as novel,.to see the quarter-master conning the 
 ship ^ylooking at the dog-vane. Under all these circumstances, 
 itwas necessary to run under easy sail, the breeze having gradually 
 freshened up from the eastward. Our soundings Were at this time 
 extremely regular, being from forty-one to forty-five fathoms, on 
 a bottom of soft mud. At ten o'clock the weather became clear 
 enough to allow u^i to see our way through a narrow part in a patch 
 of ice which lay ahead, aud beyond which there was some appear- 
 ance of a " water-sky," There is, however, nothing more deceit- 
 lul'thap this iqipearanee during a fog, which, by the same optical 
 iUttsion whereby all other objects become magnified, causes every 
 ^aU^vhole" of clear water to appear like a considerable extent of 
 open and navigable seat We continued running till eleven P.M., 
 
 t:n :. t 
 
 I II 
 
 t'i 
 
 K'J 
 
 'i Hii 
 
 u 
 
 . ki"L| 
 
 / ^ 
 
64 
 
 'A' 
 
 I 
 
 when.the tc;^ ctnt« on ag^ini, making the sight to darl: that it was 
 no longer possible to proceed' in any tolerable security; I therefore 
 directed the ships to be made fast to a floe, having sailed, by our 
 account, twelve miles, the depth of watef being fovty-fuur fathoms. 
 
 The log continued till five A.M. on the 30tb, when it cleared 
 sufficiently to give ua at sight of the land, and of the heavy ice 
 aground off Cape Gillman, the latter being five or six miles to the 
 north warcl of ui, in which situation we had deepened our soundings 
 to fifty fathoms during the night^s drii^. The state of the ice, and 
 ul the weather, lujk permitting us |to move, Cs^tain Sabine, being 
 desirous of ma^ipg some use of this unavoidable detention, and 
 considering it ^t aU times important to confirm magnetic observa- 
 tions obtained on shore in these highladtudes,by others taken upon 
 the ice, employed himself in repeating his series of observations 
 on the dip of the needle, which he found to be 99° 39^.12, differing 
 only three minutes and a half from that obtained on shore on the 
 28th, a few leujRues to the northward and eastward of pur present 
 station. The m)e to which the ships were now secured was not 
 more, than six or seven feet in thickness, and was covered with 
 innumerable pools of water, most of which had communtcaUpft 
 with the sea, as we could with difficulty obtl^n any that was su^* 
 cicntiy fresh for drinking. In many parts, indeed, there were 
 large holes through which the sea was visible, and thje under suvr 
 face was much decayed and honey-combed, being neariy in that 
 state which the Greenland sailors«call ** rotten.'^ Some of the offi- 
 cers amuned themselves in skating on the pools, all of which were 
 luiTd frozen on the surface ; and the men in sliding, foot4>all, and 
 other games. By putting some drag-nets and oyster<*dredg98over« 
 board, and suffering them to drag alcmg the ground as the ship 
 drifted with the ice, we obtained a few specimens of marine in-> 
 sects. 
 
 in the evening a quantity of loose ice drifted down near the 
 ships; and, to avoid. being beset,, we made sail towardii the island^ 
 onr soundings being from thirty-five to seventeen fathoms: we 
 were soon under the necessity of again anchoring ^to a floe, fill the 
 weather should clear, being in twenty^one fathoms, at the dbtance 
 of three miles from the land. 
 
 The weather cleared a little at intervals, but not enou^ to ena- 
 ble us to proceed till nine A.M. on the 31st, when we case off 
 from the ice, with a very light air from the northward. We oo* 
 casionally caught a glimpse of the land through the heavy fog- 
 banks, with which the horizon was covered, whi^h was sufficient 
 to give us an idea of the true direction in which we ought to steer. 
 Soon after noon we were once more enveloped in fog, which, how* 
 ever, was not so thick as to prevent our having recourse to a iieir 
 fxpedient for steering the ships, which circumstances at the time 
 
 n 
 
 tMataift 
 and whH« 
 the land i 
 asterii of 
 Theweat! 
 s^cilng he 
 stand aft, 
 by which 
 to thewei 
 the fieda 
 p^ar. It is 
 ike other 
 wMelt we 
 radieir daf 
 three f^th 
 aider it pi 
 clear enou 
 proiithiiig 
 MHilifedott 
 nilihthad 
 rith«t clc 
 'Theiri 
 aiidtHefc 
 the stmos 
 I ivas in 
 sptungup 
 ioustotin 
 ed aU saH 
 clMnplying 
 wieiy the n 
 the sfatj^s 
 zcekmfXh] 
 thisqlsesti 
 thrott^tl 
 Wind bein 
 In stan< 
 v^ter to c 
 graduidly 
 to believe 
 h^d acqui 
 approa^ii 
 pot\«9ceii 
 ed up, we 
 of land w 
 tktdistan 
 colistdere< 
 along the 
 
nitiilfilly tnf^fi^ikiBt^ otir iftlnds. Before the fog re-commenced, 
 tM whHlr we w<ii% tf^lltilf on the Course which by the hoarings of 
 the Vatd We IcneW (6 be the rig|it one, the Griper was exactly 
 astern of the tteclft. at the distance of about a quarter of a^mile. 
 The wqither being fattunttdy &6t ao thick ai to prevent our still 
 s^^lng iter ^ t^it disttmee> the qiuirter-master Was directed to 
 stand aft, near the taiFrait tod to keep her constantly astern of us, 
 by which means we conitrived to stiver a tolerably straight course 
 to the Westward. The Griper, on the other hand, naturally kept 
 the ttecfai ri||ht a-head; anid thus, Ko#ever ridltulous it may ap- 
 p^, Hi is, nevertheless, true, that we steered one ship entirely by 
 th)r other for a distance of ten miles out of sixteen and a htSS^ 
 whkh we sailed bef#eeh one and eleven P.M. It then becaml 
 rather da^, and the Water hating shoaled from fifty to twenty- 
 three fiithoms somewhat m6re suddenly than usual, I did not con- 
 sider it prudent to run any farther t^Il it should become light and 
 clear enough to see ar6utad us, as It was prbbiable that we were ap- 
 i%)«6hitig land of #hieh we had no knowledge. We therefore 
 niUled our #ind to the S.S.E., on the larboard tack, and at mid- 
 night had deepened th6 water to fifty.two fathoms, being among 
 rilhdr tl6ae«* sailing ice.*' 
 
 The irihd died away on the nioraing of the 1st of Septeitr«jer, 
 samA the tog W* attcceeded by snow and sleet, which stil! rend.tTr4 
 the iktmoswi^r^ ^EtreWily thick. At a quarter befytt in-^ A ,M, 
 I wai informed by the oiEcer of the watch ^at a breeze 5iacl 
 sprung up^ smd that there was irtty little ice near the ships. \ns- 
 ieuste tiike advantage of ihese favourable circumstances > di.*ect* 
 ed an si^ fo be iHtade to the westward: there was no i^r^cvdty in 
 complying With the first part of this order, but to ascertain which 
 Wty tm wind was blowing, and tb which quarter of the horizon 
 tkc^ 8hi|^s head was to be directed, was a matter of no such easy 
 aceimiplblmwnt; nor could we devise any means of determining 
 this q^stllih tin five o'clock, when we obtained a sight of the sun 
 through th« fog, and were thus enabled to shape our covse, the 
 Wind bein^ moderate from the northward. 
 
 In standing to the southward, %e had gradually deepened the 
 water to one hundred and five fathoms, and our soundings now as 
 gradually decreased as we stood to the westward, giving us reason 
 to believe, as on the preceding night, and from the experience we 
 hp<d acquired of the navigation among these islands, that we were 
 approaching laud in that direction. In this supposition we were 
 jiot ii?ceived, for, at half-past eight, the fog having suddenly clear- 
 ed up, we found ourselves within four or five miles of a low point 
 of land which was named after Mr. Griffiths, and which, being at 
 the distance of six or ^evein leagues from Byam Martin Island, we 
 considered to be part of ianother of the same group. We sailed 
 along the shore at the distance of two to four miles in aS.W.b.W. 
 
 I 
 
 
 I \ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 / -- 
 
w* 
 
 I / 
 
 direction^ and having dropped a boat to obtain obaervations upon 
 the ice, withoat heaving^to for that purpose, we found ourselves to 
 be, at nopn, in latitude 74° 59' 35", and longitudev by chrono- 
 meters, 106* 07' 36". This land very much resembied, in height 
 and general character, the other islands which we hiid lately pass? 
 ed, being in most parts of a brownish colour, among whiSh we 
 also imagined a little ^een to be here aUd there discernible. We 
 had some small rain m the afternoon^ which was succeeded by 
 snow towards midnight. •*>, : 
 
 At one A.M. on the 2d, a star was seen, being the first that had 
 been visible to us for more than two months. The fog came on 
 again this morning, which, together with the lightness of the wind 
 preventing the ships getting sufficieUt way to keep them under com- 
 mand, occasioned them some of the heaviest blows which they 
 had yet received d^iring the voyage, although the ice was generally 
 so loose and broken as to have allowed an easy passage with a 
 moderate and leading wind. As none of^the piiices near us were 
 large enough for securing the ships in the usual manner, we could 
 only heave-to, to windward of one of the heaviest masses, and 
 allow the ship to drive with it till some favourable change'should 
 take place. After lying for an hour in this inactive and helpless 
 situation, we again made sail, the weather being rather more clear^ 
 which discovered to us that the main body of the ice wa» about 
 three miles distant from the land, the interhnedtate space being very 
 thickly covered with loose pieces, through which our passage was 
 to be sought. As we stood in for the land in the forenoon, we 
 decreased our soundings uniformly from twenty-seven to eleven 
 fathoms at one and a half or two kiailes from the beach, ^nd a boa^ 
 which I sent to sound in-shore, found the water to shoal very 
 regularly to six fathoms at about half a mile. At this distance 
 from the beach, there were many large masses of ice aground ; 
 and it was here that the method so often resorted to in the subse- 
 quent part of th? voyage, of placing the ships between these masses 
 and the land, in case of the ice closing suddenly :ap<m us, first 
 suggested itself to our minds. 
 
 As we were making no way to^ the westward, I directed two 
 boats to be prepared from each ship, for the purpose of making 
 the usual observations on shore, as well as to endeavour to kill 
 deer ; and, at one P.M., I left the ship, accompanied by a large 
 party of officers and men, and was soon after joined by the Griper's 
 boats. We landed on a very flat sandy beach, which did not allow 
 the boats to come nearer than their own length, and we were im- 
 mediately struck with the general resemblance in the . character of 
 this island to that of Byam Martin Island, which we had- lately 
 visited. The basis of this land is sandstone, but we met with 
 limestone also, occurring in loose pieces on th^ surface^ and seve- 
 ral lumps of coal were brought in by the parties who had traversed 
 
 theiiilant 
 successfc 
 low them 
 as well ai 
 those pla 
 there we 
 of groun< 
 the feedii 
 hair and 
 ox were 
 boat a na 
 from the 
 maux or 
 ffopus,) y 
 which wi 
 tain Sabi 
 a large fi 
 distance 
 Water m: 
 sea. W 
 becQ inh 
 consider 
 /The la 
 ahun4r£ 
 nonieteri 
 151' 30' 
 boats Ian 
 to fall til 
 not excel 
 Lieutena 
 none; a 
 
 rate of a 
 after I ri 
 wfard. ] 
 full and 
 ter one < 
 so clear, 
 half tide 
 chart, th 
 will be f 
 At the t 
 and aboi 
 usual ini 
 it, and a 
 at half I 
 mean tit 
 hydrogri 
 
 * 
 
 t n^'Mt'\ 
 
f 
 
 67 
 
 the island in different directions. Our sportsmen were by no means 
 successful having^^seen only two deer, which were too wild to al- 
 low them to get near them. The dung of these animals» however, 
 as well as that of the musk-ox was very abundant, especially in 
 those places where, the moss was most luxuriant ; every here and 
 there we came to a spot of this kind, consisting of one or two acres 
 of ground covered with a rich vegetation, and which was evidently 
 the feeding place ef those animals, there being quantities of their 
 hair and wool lying scattered about. Several heads of the musk- 
 ox were picked up, und one of the Hecla's seamen brought to the 
 boat a nam^hal's horn which he found on a hill more than a mile 
 from the sea, and which must have been carried thither by Esqui- 
 maux or by bears : three or four brace of ptarmigan (Tetrao La- 
 g-opus^) were killed, and these were the only supply of this kind 
 which we obtained. Sergeant Martin of the artillery, and Cap- 
 tain Sabine's servant, brought down to the beach several pieces of 
 a large fir-tree, which they found nearly buried in the sand, at the 
 distance of three or four hundred yards from the present high- 
 Water mark, and not less than thirty feet above the level of the 
 sea. We found no indication of this part of the island having 
 been inhabited, unless the narwhaPs horn, above alluded to, be 
 ccmsidered as such. 
 
 The latitude of the place of observation here, which was within 
 a hundred yards of the beach, was 74° 53', the long tude, by chro- 
 non^ters, 107** 03' 31", ;\ -nd the variation of the magnetic needle 
 151° 30' 03" easterly. At forty minutes past one P.M., when the 
 boats landed, the tide had fallen a foot by the shore. It continued 
 tp fall till seven P.M., and then rose again, the whole fall of tide 
 not exceedii}g five or five and a h^lf feet. At the time we landed. 
 Lieutenant Beechey tried for a current in the offing, but could find 
 none; at half^past seven, the tide was setting E.N.E., at the 
 rate of a mile and a half an hour; and, at a quarter before ten, 
 after I returned on bo^d, it was still setting slowly to the east- 
 ward. By the above observations, the time of high water, at the 
 full and change of the moon, seems to be about three quarters af- 
 ter one o^clock. The direction of the flood-tide does not appear 
 so clear. If it come from the westward, there must be a tide and 
 half tide; but it seems more than probable, ou an inspection of the 
 chart, that here, as on the eastern side of Syam Martin Island, it 
 will be found to come from the northward between the islands. 
 At the top of a hill, immediately above the place of observation, 
 and about a mile from the sea, a bottle was buried, containing the 
 usual infot matioui A mound of sand and stones was raised over 
 it, and a boarding-pike fixed in the middle. We returned on board 
 at half past eight, and found that Lieutenant Beechey had, in the 
 mean time, taken a number of useful soundings, and made other 
 hydrographical remarks for carrying on the survey of the coast. 
 
 ^- 3 
 
 / M 
 
 I .'M 
 
 I 
 
 t \ 
 
 I ' 
 
 t.r4 - 
 
( 
 
 The wind cpntiaatd jynt apui vari«ble tiU jiAlf^pMt sigbt A*M. 
 
 * on the Sd« when a, breezelvoiK the northw^d sum AM^re enabled uf 
 i. make some pirogr«M. I ww the more jmxioiia to do eo, from 
 havini; perceive4 that the main , ice fai4« for the latt twcnty!<<-foitr 
 houn, Men grad|iaUy, thoufj^ slowly^ eL*)ogon the shore, thereby 
 contracting the ncArccly navigable channe) in which we were aail«p 
 ing. The land vhich formed our western extreine wee a low point, 
 
 . five miles to th-- 'feetward of our place of observation the pnece- 
 ding day. antl the ice had already approaehed tltiis point so mu«h, 
 that thert;^ ra^ ct^usiderable; doubt whether ainy passage could be 
 found bevwrrt f.c-:a. As we neaied the point, we shoaled the 
 water raf^hc*^ j^u'rkly, though regulm^, from thirty to seven far 
 thorns ; but, by > : :| jg a litUefarther out, whieKfort >:aately the ie« 
 just at that time ^uuwed us to do, ire avcnded gett'^ug into shoaler 
 water, and immediately after rounding the point, we inereased our 
 soundings to sivceen and seventeea fathoms* We bad scarcely clear- 
 ed the point, however^ when the wind failed us, and the boats were 
 immediately sent a-head to tow^ but a braeze springing up shortly 
 after from the westward, obliged us to have recourse to another 
 method of gaining ground which we had not hitherto practisff* : 
 this was by using small anchors and whale-linea as warps, 1^ Which 
 means we made great progress, till, at forty minutes after noon, 
 we were favoured by a fresh breeze, which soon took us into an 
 open space of clear water to the northward and westward. While 
 we were thus empjioyed on board, Mr. Ross, after whom I named 
 this point, had been despatc?.>.jed in a boat to sQund in-shore near it, 
 where there were a great muny large masses of ice aground, in 
 order that we might be pi«pared to place the ships in the moat aim 
 vantageous position, should the ice une?p^ctea^y close upon the 
 shore. Mr. Ross reported, ti^t he had i^^axd good depth of wa- 
 ter in-shore» the ice being aground in fiv« to seven fathoms, after 
 irhich the water shoaled gradually towards the land* A little to 
 the westward of Point Rosa, there was a barrier of this kind of 
 ice, compoted of heavy masses firmly fixed %o the ground at neaiijr 
 rtigular intervals for about a mile, in a dlrectipn parallel to thio 
 beach. At ri^ht angles to this, a second tier pnojetted^ of the 
 same kind of ice, extending to the shore, so that |he two together 
 formed a most complete harbour, within which, I believe, a ship 
 might have been placed in casc ot necessity, without much danger 
 from the pressure of »he external floes of ice. It was natural for 
 us to keep in view the possibility of our being obliged to pass the 
 ensuing winter in such a harbour ; and, it must be coafesaed, that 
 the apparent practicability of fipding such tolerable security for the 
 ships as this artificial harbour afforded, should we fail in discover- 
 ing a more safe and regular anchorage, added not a little to the 
 confidence with which our operations were carried on during the 
 remainder of the present season^ 
 
 Th« li 
 Ibrmaa 
 wapalar 
 northwar 
 standing 
 deoly fro 
 from the 
 in-shore, 
 frr>m the 
 it from ei 
 extreme^; 
 aky witbc 
 tacleno 
 ameter a( 
 horizon, 
 Umbs; b 
 which dii 
 The vert 
 On the 
 pail, in 01 
 aityof lyi 
 become ^ 
 wght not 
 passage b 
 em eztrei 
 wide at tt 
 and atth 
 balf-paal 
 having b4 
 which wf 
 apprpheo 
 the same 
 creased g 
 tacked, I 
 point, to 
 man intr 
 from the 
 we again 
 the dista 
 We then 
 tion, till, 
 aeveral t 
 being at 
 we obsei 
 ters> beii 
 island, « 
 entrance 
 
^9 
 
 Th# lt«4 immffliately to the iiorth.we«iwarf1# Point Rom 
 Ibrms « consiiUniUe buy, wmt^ after Mr, Skene, off which there 
 Wipalarge tpapt of dear water, where we hrl to beat to thf 
 northward during the afternoon, ai the ice lay in that direction. In 
 atanding oflr'«nd-<ni, we shoaled thf water in one pUce very and* 
 deoly from nineteen to eleven fathoms, at the dittanee of one mile' 
 from the beach. Having tacM» I aent Mr. 9uBhnan to sou.^ 
 tn-shore, where a shoal was diitov^red three quattcrs of a mile 
 fn>m the land, having three and fonr fathoms upon it| and within 
 it from eight to thirteen fathoms. The sun-set of this evening waa 
 extremely beautiful, the weather being clear and firosty, and the 
 aky without a ckiud. The moon rising soon after, afforded a apecf 
 tacle no less pleasing, and far more sublime. Her horizonul di- 
 ameter appeared to be very much elongated when just above the 
 horizon, owing to the unequal refraction of the upper and lower 
 limbs ; but it measured 33' 20", being only 6" more than the true, 
 which difference may have arisen from an error in the obsenration. 
 The vertical diameter measured SO' 40"« 
 
 On the 4th, having weathered all the ice round which we had to 
 aaili in order to proceed to the westward, we were under the neces- 
 pity of lying-to* off Skene Bay, for some hours, the weather having 
 become very squally and unsettled. With occasional fog, and the 
 intght not being au^ciently light to ascertain whether there was a 
 passage between the ice and a point of land which forms the west- 
 ern eztrense of the bay. On its eastern side an inlet, two milcf 
 wide at the entrance, was discovered, and named after Mr. Beverly, 
 md at the bottom of this we did not see the land all round. At 
 half;paat two A.M., we made sail to the westward, the Griper 
 having been directed by sigpial to extend her distance ; a precaution 
 which 1^8 always adopted in cases where shoal-water was tp be 
 apprphanded, in order to avoid the risk of both ships grounding at 
 the same time^ As we approached the point, the soundings de- 
 creased gradually from thirty to seven fathoms, in which depth I 
 l^idliedt and despatched Mr. Palmer in a boat to sound round the 
 point, to which I gave the name of Cape Palmer, after the gentle- 
 man intrusted with this service. Having been informed by signal 
 ^om the boat, that no less than six fathoms' water had been found, 
 we again tacked, and soon after rounded the point in that depth, at 
 the distance of three quarters of a mile from a low sandy beach. 
 We then ran several miles along the shore without much obstruc- 
 tion, till the wind, backing to the north-west, obliged us to make 
 several tacks between the ice and the land, the navigable channel 
 being at this time between three ar ^ four miles wide. At noon 
 we observed, in , atude 74,' 54' W\ the longitude, by chronome> 
 |Nu^, beins lOS^" Ji' v^", at wh'icii tiiiie we were off a low, sandy 
 island, wbfcfe wa n r^ed m^v Mn Dealy, and which lies near the 
 entrance into & i* ;< 'n^M^ to which the nam? of Bridport Inlet 
 
WM given, frOis regard t6 the memory of the late Lord Bridpoit. 
 This inlet ruoit a cbmiderable distance to the northward, and 
 seemed to aflbrd good shelter for ships j but^ as we had no otiprtif> 
 nity of examining it in our boats, I am unabte to state any further 
 particulars resi>ecting it. The land to the westn^ard of it, of which 
 the moat coilspicuous part is a remarkable bluff heftd-land>js roueh 
 higher than that about Skene Bay; and we ceased to obtain any 
 soundings with the hand-leads after we had passed the entrance of 
 9ridport Inlet. At a quarter-past nine P.M., we had the satis*- 
 faction of crotsing the meridian of 110* west from Greenwich, in 
 the latitude of 74* 44' TO" i by which His Majesty's ships, under 
 my orde^, became entitled to, the sum of five thousand pounds, 
 oeing the reward offered by the King's order in council, grounded 
 on a late Act of Parliament, to such of His Majesty's subjects aa 
 might succeed in penetrating thus far to the westward within the 
 Arctic Circle. In order to commemorate the success which had 
 hitherto attended our exertions, the bluflf headland, which we had 
 just passed, was subsequently called by the men Bounty Cape ; by 
 which name I have, therefore, distinguished it on the chart. - 
 
 As w^ stood to the west#ard, we found the extreme of the land 
 in that diredtidn to be a low point, %hich was named after Samuel 
 Heamej the well known AaKerican traveller, and to the nortfii«asait- 
 ward of wtiilsh ia a bay oitetesiderable extent, which was per^ectiNr 
 free frola ice. We continued our courle lowarda Cajpe Hearne m. 
 midnight, when, the weadier bein^ too dark to run any longer with 
 safety, the ships were hove-to with their headls to the eastward. 
 One black whale was seen, in the course of thi^ day's navif^tion, 
 off Bridport Inlet; anc some flbcks of snow-buntings were flying 
 about tk? ship at night. 
 
 At a quarter before three A.M., on the 5ti), we tacked, and 
 stood to the westward, with the hope of getting past Cajle KeirOfr, 
 the wind being moderate from the northward, and the wether 
 thick with snow ; and, shortly after, we shoaled the water quiek^ 
 from twenty-five to thirteen, and' then to nine, fathoms. Wetadeed 
 in the latter depth, believihg that we were approaching a shoal, 
 especially as we were near some heavy ice, which, having a ttde** 
 mark tipon it, appeared to be aground. We afterwards fountf^ 
 however, that we had at this time been actually within three cA* 
 four hundred yards of Cape Hearne, which is so surrounded by 
 heavy ice at a sufficient distance from the shore, that it would per- 
 haps be difficult to run a ship aground upon it. The error into 
 which we were here led, as to our oitotance from the beadi, arose 
 from the extreme difficuliy of distinguishing, even in broad d#^ 
 fight, be. ween the ice and the land, when the latter is low and 
 shelving, and completely covered #ith sno^ ; by the uniform 
 whitenete of which, they are so completely blended, as to deceive 
 the best eye. Indeed, I kndw no circutttatance in the navigatioB 
 
 
n 
 
 9I Uicie teas which renders more necessary a vi^lint look-oat^ 
 1^ a car«ful attention to the hancl4c|i49 than the de^ption to 
 which I here allude, ' ; ., ... ^ * - ? ^ 
 
 t Having stood a^ain to the westward^ to, take • nearer ?|f;ir o^ 
 the ice, wo perceived that it lay quite close in with, Cape jH^f/Mnae* 
 notwithstanding the fresh northerly wind whicK for the last thtiity* 
 six hours, had been blowing from the shore,.an4 wh)^|l ha^dlifteil 
 the ice some distance to the southward, in ev«iT^o<|her part of tktt 
 coast along which we had lately been sailing. ThiscircHOisttence 
 struck us very forcibly at the timet as an e]|tn^r4ipiiy Ai^} and 
 it was a general remark amon^;. us, that the icf),mu8t either' he 
 aground in shoal-water^ or that it but^d againatdjiiag^thing t» thil 
 southward, which prevented its moying in that direction. Appeal^-' 
 smces being thus discouraging, nothing remained to be done but to 
 stand off-and-on near the point, and carefully to watch for any open- 
 ing that might occur. 
 
 After divine service had been performed, I assemUed the offi- 
 cers, seamenKand marines of the Hecla, and announced to thein^ 
 officially, that their exertions had so far been crpwned with aui^-^ 
 cess, as to entitle them to the first pri^ in the s^ale of rewards^ 
 grfinted by His Majesty's order in council ahnvcfmentioniid* I 
 took this opportuniQr of impressing upon the inUioi|, of : the, meo 
 ttae necessity of the most strenuous exertions duripg the short re- 
 mainder of the present season ; assuring them tmM» if we could 
 penetrate a few degrees fi».rther to the westward, before the ships 
 were laid up for the winter, I had little doubt of our accomplish- 
 ing the object of our enterprise before the close of the next aeasoh. 
 I also addressed a letter to l.ieutcnant Liddon, to the same ef- 
 fect, and directed a small addition to be made to the usual allow- 
 ance of meat, and some beer to be served, as a Sunday's dinner, 
 on thift occasion. 
 
 The wind increasing to a fresh ^e from the^ northward in the 
 afteenpon,. and the ice still continumg to. oppose an impenetrate 
 barrijt^r to our further progress* I determined to beat up 10 tha 
 northern shore af the bay, and, if a tolerable roadstead could be 
 found, to drop our anchors tiU some change should take place« 
 iPhis was accordingly done at three P.M., in seven fathoms' wa- 
 1^, the bottom being exec Ilent holding-^ound, composed of mud 
 and sand, from which the lead could with difficulty be extricated. 
 When we veered to half a cable, we had ten fathoms' water undeii 
 the Ifecla's stem, our distance from the northern shore being abpui 
 a mile and.a half. Thh roadstead, which I called the Bay Of. the 
 Hecla and Griper, affords very secure shelter with the wind from 
 E.N.E., round by north, to S.W., and We found it more Jree Dram 
 Ice ^haa any other part of the southern coast of die island. 
 
 vl had great reason to be satisfied with qi|r havings, anchored the 
 a|^ f^the wind shortl^after blew a bard ^de from the nordiward^ 
 
 I • 
 
 [M 
 
 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 m) 
 
 ■■ ■^«%: "^-i^- ■ 
 
 m- 
 
72 
 
 In the ev««i»g 1 stnt Ciplaln Sabine ttod Mestn. Edward* and 
 Ntaa on thora to examine the country, and to collect apecimeaa of 
 its natural productions ; they returned at ten P« M., havinv landed 
 On a low point a little to the westward of the ships, whieh they 
 found to he a vary barren and unproductive spot ; several flocks 
 of ducks were seen, and some gUucoos guUs Mid tern { the dung 
 and footftracka of the deer and musk-ox were also obserred in 
 many nlaces ; and some addition was made by our gentlemen to 
 our collection of marine insects. The rocks are composed en- 
 tarefy of sandstotte, i;ittt a few small pietes of granite, flint, and 
 coal, were alio among the specimens brought on board. This 
 ifeland, o|i which our boats had now landed for the second time, 
 and whkh is much the largest of the group we had lately disco- 
 vered, I honoured with the name of Melville Island, ttfter 
 Viscount Melville, the First Lord of the Admiralty. 
 
 The bay of the Hecla and Griper was the first spot where we 
 had dropped atichor tin^ leaviug the coast of Norfdik ; a cir- 
 cumstance which was tetmimd thn ii^ore striking to us at the mo<^ 
 ment, as it appeared to mark, m a veiy decided manner, the com- 
 plecion of one stage of our vovage. The ensigns and pendants 
 were hoiste^ aa soon as we had anchored, and it created in ua no 
 *:>.■ ^inuy fcelinga of pleasure to see the British flag waving, for 
 '^ tts$ time, in ^ese regions, which had hitherto been considiered. 
 id the limita of the habitable part of the world. 
 
 kl 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Further eaeamwaiUm of MeMUt liriiiiuI-^Cimtiiiiuitioii tff our pNi* 
 greu to iho Wutwora^lang detenHon by tftt. iee-^Pmig geni aw 
 More to bmit Deer aad Muih-iOxn^-^Behum in three daiUf ^Ur 
 losing their tooy-^tfiiane^ on their aeeouid^Proeeed to Me Weet* 
 'tpard, tUlJinaUjf stopped by the iee—*in returning to the Eastwari 
 the Chiper forced on the beach bp the ice--<8earchf9rt amd fUtcovenf 
 e^ a fFittter Mirbour on JdeMtte tdand-^Operations far teeming 
 the Shipe in their fFinter lluarters. 
 
 AS the wind still continued to iblow strong from the ^H- 
 ward on the morning of the 6th, without any appearance o \^ 
 iog a passage for us past Cape Heame, I took the opportuiaty of 
 sending idi our boats, from both ships at eight A.M., to bting o&: 
 Ixwr4 a quantity of raopa-peat which our gentlemen reporited hav- 
 ini; £»una near a bbmiU lake at no great distaoca from ^e aaa, and 
 
 which I d 
 of coals. 
 site obser 
 and to c( 
 round the 
 and whicl 
 place of o 
 ward, a si 
 Mr. Fife, 
 harbour w 
 Thelat 
 our chron( 
 was found 
 It was loi 
 between t 
 twelve. I 
 strong fro 
 probable, t 
 we had n< 
 ing. Nei 
 was buiie 
 over it. 
 to a great 
 'indication 
 as low as 
 The wi 
 ing at lei 
 Heame, t1 
 returned i 
 bum tolei 
 owing to I 
 be found; 
 company 
 lent is tin 
 as strengt 
 We then 
 o'clock, t 
 thorns of 
 point. T 
 ward bor 
 clear wat 
 possible, 
 shore, no 
 by the h 
 rounding 
 to the eai 
 shore, an 
 
 
which I directed to be iwbttitutcd for ptrt of our uiual allowancv 
 of coals. Captain Sabine also went on shore to make the reqai> 
 site observations^ and several of the officers of both ships to sport, 
 and to collect specimens of natural history. The boat; ow«f| 
 round the point on. which they had landed the preceding mg, 
 and which Captain Sabine noir selected as the most c< ucnt 
 place of observation { and discovered just beyond it to the north« 
 ward, a small harbour, having a bar at its entrance, upooi which 
 Mr. Fife, the Greenland master of the Griper, after whom th^ 
 harbour was named, found ten feet water at nearly low tide. 
 
 The latitude of the point is 74' 46' 56", and its longitude, by 
 our chronometers^ 1 1</ ^' 59". The dip of the magnetic needle 
 was found to be 88" 29'.91, and the variation 136* 17' 18" Easterly. 
 It was low water by the shore at half-past nine, and it had risen 
 between two and three feet when the boats came away at half-pi^t 
 twelve. During this time the ships were tending to a tide coming 
 strong from the eastward; from which direction it is therefore 
 probable, that the flood-tide runs on this part of the coast, though 
 we had no satisfactory opportunity of trying its true set in the off- 
 ing. Near the point where the observations were made, a botUe 
 was buried, containg a paper as usual, and a pile of stones raised 
 over it. The weather was this day unusually cold to the feelings, 
 to a greater degree even than might have been expected from the 
 'indication of the thermometer, which, for d^e ^fpt time, had beeiK 
 as low as 25°. , k') 
 
 ;. The wind beginning to n^oderate soon after noon, and there ba- 
 ing at length some appeannce of motion in the ice near Cape 
 Hearne, the boats were immediately recalled from the shore^ ai»d 
 returned at two* P.M., bringing some peat, which was found to 
 bum tolerably, but a smaller quantilrthan I had hoped to procure, 
 owing to a misunderstanding as to the distance at which it was to 
 be found from the sea. At half-past two, as soon wi thie ship's 
 company had dined, wt began to heave at the cable, but so excel- 
 lent is the holding ground, that it required all the purchase as well 
 as atrengUi we coUld apply, to start the anchor by half-past four. 
 We then made sail for Cape Hearne, which we rounded at six 
 o^clock, having no soundings with from seventeen to twenty fa- 
 thoms of line, at the distance of a mile smd a quarter from the 
 point. The extreme of the land which now appeared to the west- 
 ward bore about S.W.b.W., and there was a sufficient space of 
 clear water along the shore to allow us to steer for it. It was imr 
 possible, however, not to remark to how short a distance from the 
 shore, not exceeding three or four miles, the ice had been drifted 
 by the late stroa^ gales. We had observed, however, that, in 
 rounding Cape Heavne this evening, the wind had drawn gradually 
 to the eastward as we proceeded, taking nearly the direction of the 
 shore, and we were willing to hope that it had been blowing from 
 
 f p 
 
^ 
 
 .^^s^ 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 A 
 
 
 <° 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 L&I21 |2.5 
 
 *" I. 
 
 11.4 IIIIII.6 
 
 V 
 
 Ta 
 
 
 V 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 \ 
 
 SJ 
 
 ^\ 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 '^^^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
n 
 
 the same quittter, while >Nrt were fyiflg at iiididr in th« bay i in 
 which case it wa« not heeetMiir to 8iip|yi>s^ 4n jr iriieh sertbtis olif- 
 struction td the sbuthward as mat to whieh wtt hid at first beite 
 bclhird to' attribute theie ttnfiivottnrfite af)plK«th«^ 
 
 I was be^tting oliice more to bdtilj^ itt^die flatting hopits, 
 of whith often-re|>eated disappoinlMentafcanndliItt%ihherdeprtvt 
 us, ilrh<(ri 1 perceived, frbm tne crow's-nest, a ^on^pftct bbdy 6f ice, 
 fejcteikding completely in to the ihore near the point whkh fbrlned 
 the Western extreme. We rail suffidcftttfy ciMe, t6 be assured that 
 Ho passajie to th<! westward cbiiM at prii^m be efleSt^d, the flofes 
 Being literally updii the b^ach. and not-a dtott 0f -deaf water being 
 VisiUe beyond theiii. rthetkWdered thiiiM|i to be ihadiis ftsfto 
 illoe; l>eihg in eighty fat^iMJIils^ waler, 1^ |liSe distance 6f toixt or 
 ^ve miles firotn 'the helith. The seiieifhiiirtfdw solar advanced, 
 iWtb'makfi it absdutely necessary to iecute the shifes every night 
 fi*^ teil tilt two o*cloek, the weather being tod darlrduring^^thit 
 hlbt^lil^ allow 6f oiif keeping utid^r- way In such n nili^igatfoo as 
 ttfU, depriv«id as #e were of the use of the tolnpaAses. BuVhow- 
 evcr ihxiouB the hours of darkness must necessarily be under sufch 
 tit^antltaricei, the ezperiehcf<i of the former Voyaj^ had given ds 
 lii^ery reaten to beK^vie, that the thonth of BeptethMr would prov^t: 
 tiiftf 'inost valuable period of the year fol- prosicutihgour discdVi^ 
 riis ill these regldiiii oh aciebnnt'df the^sea'^^beiiig more cleiir {it>iii 
 i^ a^ this time tli^ ii aifj^ Cith^i'. Feelt^ftK^refbre, as i did, a 
 strong conviction, that the ultimate accomplishment of bur bbjeitt 
 iflfiist ttt^l^clid, in a grMit ih<$iltir«i, oti th« further prbgress we should 
 uSidi^ fhis' season, I d«i«fllliliiiil tty extend bt|!' ofte^cibns to the 
 iiti>stp«Msibl« period. 
 
 <i^? tK^ Wt«id' having beM fiftish from the north-east, during the 
 iK^t; We W«rt on the mbrt^if ihi fth^ ^nclbiedi fblrk time by a 
 ^antity oMoose'ice driftrn|(>do#n Hipon us. ^o ehangfe ^buld b^ 
 f«td«ived hi th^ stat^ of ;thfc Ibe to the wesMeAM t)U <;«« P;M4 
 ^heh it ap|(>eaf^d tb be moVingWlittkdr th^ pblbt; Wm iSiisPi^m 
 if^tj^HH »h\pS bbt, and made siiit with i Hiht bii^ iUfvou^fe 
 miiki^A^ eight F.M., hb^ever, havm^ ayH#|a at the >bint, ^ 
 fiii^ing ho fSniimge open, we made the ihijps list in i'llrge baV ma 
 fibe, in siattl^ve fathomi, it the distinct of iilkile and a half ^^ 
 A6 shore, fiiettt Lieutenant B^etcheV JMi short td'lbbk i^tihdfi^ 
 #t hilb Ibf b^n water tb the Wesnrard; ii %cll ai to soiiild 
 #buhd some heairy massies of ice whitrh were abound' in>shore, 
 liad witMn which it would perha)is becbinie tstpediMktto secure tiie 
 iltlpi in (iHMe^bf hecessity. Hje reported bnlitB tvlijiiili, at ten F.M., 
 ^at nb tlear witer Whatever ^uldb<baeehsih»h|^th« land* the i^e 
 llieiii|[^orti|>act, and close ii6 to the shore, as fir ift a bold headland 
 4htthni^#filirm#d the Western fbctretne dT d^ Istailldi ahd ^hidi 
 niras friiKih Ibur tb five leiigii^s distant fVoih'tnir *tti ^e agrtmnd 
 lt(4h€9*e Witt irery ^Ibsa to the beach, #hi^h Wif l^fi^^)^ $i^ 
 
 ^•iiLiSiK-Hi»&#»tl44»*&i^^ 
 
m 
 
 sonndingt in the dBng Mictfesd. Lieutemmt B««G)it)r found, 
 hnirevor, a depth of from twdive to four fathoms within mtpy of 
 tho naaaet ; hnt aa there waa Uttib a<r no room to awing i|i|luil 
 them, I prefeived keafHttg the ahipa m their prea«nt sitiiMiont wl^ 
 tl^ ice tamaincad (j^at. I «taa the more iodaced to do lo from the t 
 boldocas of the<h«»ch, and the depth of the bay fonned by th« lloa 
 to which we w^te noW/ secnred^ which circumftancea teemed m^ 
 render it nH>ra tlwn probable^ th«t the latter woiild ti^e the gfound 
 > long beCn* tha iliip« could come in^contact w^th it« Wt ¥^W ^ 
 day^for thefirat time, a herdof dght or nine animaUy leading ne«r 
 the beach, which, from^eir^v^l: colour, wm i»o{Hpo*|d t<Pi:hf( 
 imiiA<<ixen & end tlw officer* of the Griper killed twQ n^hite hiM^ 
 (LepUM fariuiHU^,) The *« young" or •« bay*' ice formed during^^ 
 the night in alt the sheltered place* abou^ the ftoe, and pafllcuhMr}|F 
 in the bight in which we were lying, to the Sickness qi three* 
 quarter* of an inch} and the pools upon the floe wei;e now aloptoat 
 entifely scdid, .i^rdin^ the officers ^nd meP) during the time <^ 
 ottf unavoidable detention, the usual healthy amuseinents of sImm* 
 tiiw and sliding. .,:^ 
 
 .On the upcoming of the Sth* there being no nrpapect ol «py imp 
 mediate aUeration in the ice, I directed the boata to be aenton 
 shore from both ships, to endeavour to pirocure some g^e,.a%^i^ 
 as to examine the pnnluctionaof this part of the island^. .Qugolog 
 to tho |nMit*^«<lt shortly after the boata had t^endeepftcm^jl^ 
 found that the bight of ice in which the ships were lying^w^a.Ulp 
 one floe^ but formed by the dqee junction of two^M>; thai our jlituaio 
 ticm was by no. means so secure as,I had supposed i for |d^ bight 
 was so far from being a protection to us, in caee of the ice dri^i|^ 
 on shore, that it ireuld probably be the means,*^ *« nipping" iw^l^ 
 tween Icefloes which formed it* , |th»refoi^detern||ne4on iniailttv 
 diately removing the ships in-shore, and went in a bpat to look oisi^ 
 fox- a place for Qiat puipoae, there being no alternative, between 
 this; and our returning some distance, tp, the (eastward, , inio^ th^ 
 larger space of ^ear water whichw^ l^th^rf kftbehifid us. A 
 found that n heavy piece of ice aground 'n twelve fathoms, pt 4n» 
 distance of ^ureehu|idrBd yards from tn<^ beach, ^nM #«it ou|: 
 fiurpose for the ]pi^laf« find imothei^ inien fathom** •^UnewMKrin^ 
 riiore, waa aelecM ^ the Gripar.^ These maaipa! wf i« nom; 
 tnpenty to thir^ fe«t above the teai and, e^chabo^^K^^ length, q| 
 the res^otive slype. The beach in thiav neigl^ikoiirbood was s^ 
 lined with ice of thi| l^ind^ that it would not have been easy for^§ 
 ship to have gone nn ahorseinany part* thei»>eii|g genei^ fr<im 
 %ir to seven ladiOaia oi^thjt.ou|i'ide of it, while ^e tnufBr pt^w 
 each mess was literally upq^ Uie beach at low winter. Some o| tl|e 
 ^ji^hed massee, at n llt# dif^nce from the ,^ore, miiat JfiT^ 
 ^jMMimuleted very, considerably since the^ grounded, or else must 
 hnpl been forced up info their present situMibnaby aneneirmotts 
 
 :\ 
 
 ' .1 
 
 :; 
 
 mi 
 
 ll 
 

 priiMiine froiTillrithdttf { M MflM^of^hoie iwwjqjrMttd in four oi^ 
 fiipe fichom* #ottld havt dMim At iMtf teiirlf wtcflmt again*. r^<i 
 
 At feiir P;Af ., ilie weather ikeing ({nitt tialat^ tlie shipa wefi'* 
 tMwd in*thor» by the b«Ma, and made f«ar i» ibajiiacea telecMrf- 
 for thenu Our partiet fihom the riheve rManitdfritli a while harei 
 •ivdhd fine ptatmigMM, a few MMHr4>iMitlngs, smm ekaUsof the 
 mnekHi^t md Mvenil relo-deeve* hanw ; hut che3r< were not/foitu^ 
 nite en»ugh to nwef with either of the tiro iattef animaU. l%e 
 iehmdie heit, as intfae oihe»]Mrts«iiirhlch w#|iid hudedypiinci- 
 fifty <S0in|<bscd 6f aiandirtoher; «f »whieh iMNne spbetlad oodulet, one 
 of thienhat iMPge i* « binei^nnder shot, were bvonnht onbdard^ 
 Sti^nid Ininps of eoelfWhidiwrn hc«e nM3«wab»wdattf than wo^hadi 
 yiet folind iti were also piciced upy and were found to hutn Willi «> 
 dyariitefy'flann, Uhe eahnet eoal,b«t widiootiplittlbg-and'aac)^ 
 lhig::«iifthii saine oMunier..'- '• ' ' * ■ ■■■j:.n>. 
 
 snpatienl and anxious as we were to make the most of the shMt 
 rftnumnler of the present season^ our mortificiafioii may be easily be 
 imi^inedatperceiiidng; on th^ mining of:^elM»,^not only dMt 
 the ice was as close aai everto the westward, but that die iOes in- 
 onr immediitite neighbourhood were sensibly approaebing^die shore. 
 As there wa* no chancii, therefore, of our bemg enablra toaiovtoy 
 I sent nparty^on shore at day light to coUeet what emd ihey conld 
 fipdy ftttd In the coorseof die day neaity two-tMrds of a^uAMl«b«<%; 
 iag! aibottt ei|ttaL to the Hecla's dailty eKpenditace* waa brooglMt ohn^ 
 boird» Qnr ^rartimen^ who were ont (&t sevend' hiiitii«» could 
 oniy-^jproevRwoa ft 'hare, and* fvw dueks.'- '^ ' ' 
 
 !fN:«^ WM Ught li^ And n«!cst«raTd» wiilit 
 
 fti|M^#midMivt^ieli^^^^^^ sueiietdfed 1^ tnow^ and ili*^ 
 
 |t« iSfm^iiMd^radttally to close ^m the 8ho#e ^ lit Isngdi ft id*' 
 came^in^oonintet with< our b^, but wlth^soMtdi violeiiee as^^^^ 
 diii^|M«telisibl« effect «lpoi^lti .Tlw loose and hcftii^^ktces oIIm' 
 i^tm&i^nmmf in^ nnd«ifrrottnded4he H^dft onaH siaiBs^liiii pnoi'' 
 diied tio presture frodt which any danger tem to be apprehoiided, 
 considirii% our present detendoh so tuear th<6 Mkore a goodofilmt'^ 
 tunity for observing^the time agid rise of thtf tides^ 1 (Jiriised^a'polo^ 
 cp>b« fia»d^ d»^vbeaeh for this purpoaofc^ by whi6h4t was foMd to 
 beil^ witerftt halffalk^foor in di^mofe<nhi||t^{ aii4 the tidoidibc^ 
 ti^ half past teat FiioM thisv^mo 'till three iiaanen aftir^fbur 
 BiM^ i i»h«hlt was agsln high wiiier^ «hc fide 4had iHMtt «iro §m 
 eif hifittehes ; sojthatfSmallas'this^eliv it seems to bs «ofy re-^ 
 giMr. The direction of the stvejlm of ittod wi^, as usual, not so 
 caiy'^ disiai^inev Wt I shall gtte the fM 
 Hm tiane of low water by the sWe^^utd l^ip aft holi^ ftttd^ quttRiet^ 
 
 *l^#wwitor nmemore ihpplmrWitMQ^^ maoes dfiec roigtiilt be' 
 
 tipfsMkefTiKfeirere |ri«i7i in (£#&^<#^ll|fi|>diite^l^ irliieh tail^«d <% eti 
 
 \miWk 
 
 
btfoire il took pkwevtk* canrent wm setting to the eaatwpnH at the 
 rate of-thrM quanert of a mUe per hovur. It CQathiaei^i* raik 
 liRiaibrthe girtaiev fMCof dfeaday, hoc te ti«Ms it wav^^baemd 
 t» set in the oppoutodiMctiflai^Ma now anil ilien no cnfemilttHiat- 
 ever was peveepiible^ FroneifthlCiUelevefrP^M. it wa»i»ulHU9^ 
 strong to the westward, after which it stopped, and Adn bs^psin 
 «et me icetiteceatrapf wy* I haver been 1fai»ininiitoiinfllentkm* 
 ingthe ilbow«particalars, not witl^a hopevfi tlim#iBg,aiQy ligMl 
 , itpon the interesting c|tteatio« of^ Um direction of tfaetidesnn m 
 II jlart of the Fofav Sea, hot to shew h^m impoesiUe it it, iKcb the 
 hnd dose to us on one side, and on Uie other lnnunM«aht» miUM 
 of fee in alMoH constant motion, to arnve at ray satisfiH^toyf «#!!» 
 ehinioo'-onthit-siitigeeti'' ' - ,., -.i .vv-:/(v<i 
 
 ^l it^as nairfy calm GO the toth^ with thick snowf w«athfir,whleh 
 pKvented our seeing to any- great distance round 'us* > At fifb 
 At^M., a flo« <K>ttiing fi^om the wtotwnvd, ran i^ini|t< tho btrjg, 
 ultMn whidi the Heda was still secured,^ tumkig it ipund na on a 
 pl«ot. This GceuTvci!!d6 is not anum i— auum one in XKairi*^ Sttidt^ 
 tfidibergi of ipery large siacy when* the cOntve put «l theuctf^ 
 Ijtppent to< be tuMw me grounds Wa weve lyythis tiaaoio sur* 
 rounded by ieethat no dekr water was to baseen,esoept<tliesmi^ 
 pootin^^ which we lay ; and nil that obiild be dOoty uttderaaoh cir^ 
 enmsttiiicea, was to watch thevtotifi^^ji^he icb^and to be-iead^ to 
 s}i<ft4l^«hi^vt{fiici|y rouad tbtt bei|[^ acoc^diatf as ^he 4o«l4 byisetu 
 ti%on0wagroFthemher,imgbt en&ii^;erhttrbeitt|^«* idp^ 
 iihe afternoon ^ ice skurkeiied a4i«ilotiett uii« wlMntiii^^^^^ 
 was made to get the Heck into a more secure, birth i»<i^MMfi i but* 
 afterheavittgi » hewry stiiiiit oeidHiionally for aen^efal hmtii^ we 
 «inld onfyiaoc^e^ b«lsre dark inigitting her into nsaMlHtodk 
 near the^beaoh,^ in ipiiicii,if;no ycvy «ialeiit prewuraioecai»ed> ibcr 
 atightbe tolcil^fy^^^eewe doiriiigithe' ni^ A pafty fetomed in 
 tlNt^nQini^^i»maahootiOg»eie^ifdQKto>itl» itettnnci^jr twinge 
 liig trikb' tlneiit «qihF ihMe hi^resv aOdre^epdog that the ««« w«i eui- 
 tlre^«oya»dti|yi ice as far aa Uicy «oiiid se«> to thovwesawatd 
 
 ''^lilB^^^'Fishir ns^e im eiq>eriaifiit on- the i^eific gravity c#» 
 1^0 of ice^'tal^O ft«>m th&^ns«a>to whieh^^t^ 
 m^ foroMd MiiO w oti^» #hoae«li^ onue faot three In^ 
 
 dMw «i^ alutff- and tftt to Aoat^ d^>l«a, 4woi ltsd»^ 
 ^UffKem of it^hilMilneid above^thi anrfitiet^ the tatotffiJN^iyO of the 
 w•ler>i^tho«ttaieb«ing'3l^ - ';■.• ^^r;. ■■■::.,. 
 
 ' ^thellth^lltoei theslSpl^ 
 
 i$^Mr. Bli8hi«Mi,.^h0to«l deiip«tcM«td«ir4%hirto the westortt 
 ieipe,: reported, on ttia iMtitftt4^%rt^ i^iearances wov eqnidfyun* 
 fHMitthfiiig in that ^^uiurier^ Win J^my waa fertlanate oaou^ to 
 Ip!^ first musk-oit t^ ous: itfibi^iiiien' had yet b#en aMe to get 
 •ear t but, as it was at the distano^e^ eight or ten ihilaa^^povi uie 
 
 ^1 
 14 
 
 i 
 
 <■■ .->* 
 
 SI^BH^^' 
 
n 
 
 ■hipt, our ^tent Mtoadoi, with regftnl to tiM im, would not aU 
 low daky Modiag a partar of m^n to Jiriog tc on board. A piac* 
 of tKe Meat which Mr. Oealjr broug^ with him waaconaidaradia 
 taato tolorably well, hoi ita ameU waa by ao. aMana teoaptiag. Tho 
 dip oC^ tha ntMgnacic neadle» obaarvcd hen by Captain Sabine to^ 
 
 The wind iaareaaed to« Ireah gate fimnilui northward daring 
 tho/niclit, and on the motning of the Uth iew round to the 
 N*lbf.W« in a very viotett-rgnat. Sioon after the iee began to drift 
 paic na to the eaatward, at the rato of a mUe an hour, and carried 
 nvay with it rim berg to whith the Hecla had been aitoched on tho 
 Sthand^ 10^ f ao diat wie conuitered oocMlvea fortunate in. having 
 moved to our preacnt birth^ wtiich waa comparatively a anfe eiM!» 
 The Gramr^ffOmained idao toknblyraocttre, and well aheltered ftoit 
 th#:df^fimg'ke^ which* in the coarpe of the/orenoon« had acquini^ 
 ed a. valOciQr of more than a mile and a half per hour. In the aftl 
 temoon tho^iee began by degreea to drift frqm the ahore to thn 
 weatward'^f 08, but the wind blowing hard.from the wrong quaf> 
 ter, it waa impoaaiUe to think of moving the ahipa. A conataat 
 and v^[ilant looJc^awt waa aho oeceaaaij» leat the berg, to which 
 our hMraera were aecnred ahould be torced off' the g^ondi ia 
 which caae ira muat inavitabjly have been driven back manv milat 
 to the caatward» and <be. labour of the last ten daya would havo 
 been loat ia a; few,hoaia. Tho nighti waa cold; and inclementi 
 with a. heavy HXi o^ anowy wtdch beia^ blown among: the •Hiltet 
 cauafd great diifta in the ravinea^^by which thia part of the ialaad 
 ia.ioteraei^tedL. -^ 
 
 > jl pnmft^now menlion an occunenco which had tanaadconaiderifi 
 bla aMviMienaionin oar imndaiiEHr die two laat daya^ and the Maolt 
 of wmchi had needy p^ved of very aerioua importance to the fa^ 
 ture i^elfatc of the expedition. Eaily on the moniin|r of the Itth 
 I recatail a note ftoml4euficaant Jbiddon^ acquainting ota, thali 
 at day-light tho pl^edingday, Mr. Fiie^ with a party oif aix maflv 
 had heen,de^tchedfN«a the Griper, with the hopa of aurpriain| 
 aome rcin-dcer and muak«(»en, whose tracks had beansaan in n 
 ravine to th^wtttwiirdo^tlMMup*^ As they had hotyatretttm- 
 ed, in compUanaa. i|lidiu.tha inatmctiona given to Hr. Fife, and had 
 on^ been ;au|n^4 with «'aaMllquant$tnr of proviiiona, it wa« iui> 
 tural to Apprehend timt thefhad^loaf their way. in purauit of gamai 
 more capecialty aa tho ni^t'hadvbean ti(x> inatemcnt for them t6 
 have vfuimtarily ^kpoaed themaelvea to it, I tharefo#e caooiH" 
 mended to laetttenant.Liddon toaoM a jMirty in aearah of hte peo* 
 pie, and Mcaara^ lleidi Beverly, and Wakamim, who immediately 
 voluntei^d dMir aervicea on the ocaaamOt were accordingly dfC- 
 patcbed for dbiia. pui^oae. SooH after their, departure, however, it 
 begm to siKM|r» which. rendered the ataioaphe#a ao ^ureaaMf 
 thick, especially on the hiUa along which they had to travel,.that thl* 
 
 z::--s^.'.-msm>&s»'it^'- 
 
m 
 
 piTtf alib lost their wiy ih spite of every preeautioii, but fortvh 
 siteijr |ot siQ;lit of bur Iroeln^ tfter darlc, by whieb they were 
 dh^ectea to the ships^ and retiinied at ten b^cloelc, almbst la^himited 
 irlth cold and fatigue, without anv intelligence of the abtteUWiei; 
 *" At day-light iiJiith€ f&llbwing momm|( I sent Lieutenant ^^^ 
 ner, with the Hecla's fore-royal-mast rigged as a flag-staflT, #hAeh 
 hb erected off tf conspicuous hill foUr orfive miles inland* hbistim 
 Upon it a hrt^e ebsign, which might be seen at a coiwidcrable dhi^ 
 tence in every tHtiectibb. This ejcpedient occurred to u« iu n mofb 
 terliln mode of directing our abftcnte<is towards the ships tikitt Ait 
 of s^htding but a number of parties, which I Could nbt, ili'lB^nffildli 
 Mildcnee^ as urdl as h^nknity, permit to i|^ to My great diltiliiii 
 ftdtn the ahips « but the snow fell so thick, and the drifi Was iib 
 gl^at, during the Whble of the iSthVthitnbadyartage coiildttClUt 
 time be expected from it, and another night came Withouttheaii- 
 fclit party appearibg. ^ v ; c 
 
 On the 13th buT i]»prehen8ions on Jteir account had by this time 
 increased to a most j^ainAil deoree, and I therefore ordered toUse 
 ftmMHi under the cbkhmand of carefiit officerisv'to be prepared to 
 set bbt in search of ihem the following Morfiifig. ThieM parties 
 carried with them a bumber of pikes, having small Cii^jl iikiiehied 
 to them; Which they were directed to plant it regtilar ibtci^MM, 
 and which were intended tb answer the dobble purpose bf |;tiidlbg 
 tfiemiselves on their return, and of dif^cting the abiMilt party, 
 shbuld they meet With them, to the ships.. For the DttUli' piir^bilb 
 a bottle was (iked to each pike, contaibiiig thmecesiir^ dStbCtibfts 
 lor their gutdabce,' aud acquainting ihem thslt provisibbs ^tfld be 
 fisund at thb large flig-^taff on this hill. Oui^ seifr«hibgparti«l Ibft 
 «he ships soon afie^dtiyfH^ht,the-%lttd stitt U^ing hwdffbMtl^ 
 wiistward, with ihcessafit snb#, m0 i!he th jfrinokbetcfr at JS*. Thtd 
 #eli^er confinuisd^ without intermissibta during the day, and bdr 
 apptdlitasiont ibr'th^ iifetybf our people were excited to bbtbkt 
 alamihig degrt<6,' When the sun began to descend behind the w6M- 
 tm hiUs, for the idiird time since they hisd left the ship ; I #itt 
 bot, therefore, atttfrnjit to detcHbe tl^e jo^ul feelines we suddcbly 
 «3tperienced, aUtfSit Griper^ hbiifing the "si^al appointed, to in- 
 ftrm us that her teeb,'br b part of lhetn,'Wet« se^en oft ^eir r^bnir« 
 Sebn after we' bbscrved steveb peHbhs bbmtng atbii^ the hei6lk 
 from the eastward, whb proved to bb Mr. Nias and Ifti paityi Willi 
 four out of the iieven itten belonginj^ to thb Griper. 'Pibfki the lat* 
 ter, consisting of the dsrpbral of inarines and three scabien, Wb 
 learned that they had Ibait their #ay Within a few hobrs after teifi)^ 
 ibg the shi]^, and had wandered about Wfthoiit any thing tb Ittide 
 mebi till about ten o'clotck bb thb following day, when titey des- 
 ^d the large flagwstaff;at a (|reat dis^ce. At this tim<» the 
 fHiofe^^ pbrQr weris together; biit bblr, unfortunately, sepahite^ 
 in bonse^uence of a diflercncb of bpinion respecting the flag*stalif. 
 
to 
 
 w)iich<Mr* Fifo ouMfooktlor^a mmUmt 0M,tlmVMd beai ei«et«d 
 iMMwr dUyt l»f fore M a^oofidemUc (U»tiiiice to the •attwud ol ooir 
 pi^swiil aitvatioii ; «nil» willi tlwt imprvHioii, waUctd airay i»(« 
 cojitrwjr 4ireetioo, acconpaiUed l^y, two of h^t nea. The dthfr 
 fonjir^wlKit had oow retunrnd, (of whom.two w«^ already much 
 d«MUtaj|fd«) dctarmincd tf» mike for the <flag^tMI^ When they 
 ^fl^irilked tottie dutaaee .fu^dc '^cf« enaUed -to aeoertaia what aft 
 1i«!Pfjlia»4i^ thcm^eik|c»iN9uvi>d4i> overuke Jfr^ Fifoi hot was too 
 Wiahtlati|tie4aDdretiirBff#fDfaii eowrades. "I^hey halted diiring 
 t»fii^0f tte ipight, made a aqrt of hut of .ftoaev^aadtttrf to 1^ 
 mtm^fwrn Une irtnther, and kindled » ttttle ive with fonpowder 
 mA:mtn*'i%» warm their h*t%} they hid aever. ^eenia fi^timl «rm|t 
 ^JMlhfiviiig Hvcd upon raw groiiae, of: wilii«hjhi«y wife:'0Mi- 
 4M Kl l^^in^ a qmmtlqr tupdent. for their etibeieteiim > If| idie 
 jM»qAH !4mr cnwe m«pa f<^ fmrwurd towmdai^; fl^s-etaff« whi^li 
 they reached willihi thre^ or four houra after Lieutontit'Beech^ 
 hudlfll eomeiiroviai^HMOB iSm spot s hav^ »eatea 4Kttiie hresd, 
 -Mid 4nM3ikm Uttte rum aiu|«|irater, a mtxture which they described 
 m MppfaflQg ^ them perfectly taetelete and eUmii^, thj^ reiiew^^ 
 ^i^ Joioniey tdwarde the fdiipsi and had not pfocefdl^d for when, 
 jlP|wij^taiKlia|^ ttie s3ow whidi was conttaotly iiiitia^^ th(^ met 
 Willi ifiiMsmM iwhich directed them %o Mr. Niaa and hu party, by 
 wh^bfOvtlMiy were^eoiiducted to the ^ip^ ' ^ ' ^ 
 
 /" M^TheiiM^ they gave us of Mr. Fifo and his two com^miom, 
 Wd 4||ili||ialnrve that we should^nd them, if still Mfing, at a coo- 
 ^»*»tj><^ d^nne ;to^t1|^ westward, and some partiea were just 
 l#(jNf| 40 ailf;|>|i« ia that^^^ the tpoohle ^d anxiety 
 
 :i|rhi«|t tliis» ^f^iiaim^ w^ us. wer^ . |irei^nted \sy 
 
 iMrlUQ^Ml of imo^ tf|tfeai«hing |Mi^eS|<^;idi the informi* 
 it^ thai^iiiff #ifo<«iildth»^i^ 
 
 |^nf^#*>^ m^s to the eaatwai^ Seq^iefEeah hands, irei* 
 impi^iiitely sent to bring them in^ anftt^ h<iardat 
 
 teni^J^^iiA^ after an absences of i^oeQ^>d|ie homra» and hdving^jbee^ 
 ei^fiped, duriiig three ;iHght8^t6,^l^inekoieniB||of^|he fir^t^inntry 
 Heather we hiul ejfpeneiMErej^* Ahnost the, |f Mis of this party 
 tvere miichexMttsttt^^l^y <^bld ;atid^f scveiral of th^ 
 
 .w«ee,leir«i^)il frost-bi^B ^^ith^ ; bat» by die 
 
 slqlland tnfffMi^itted attcnj^bo of our jo^f^^ geudeoiNH they were 
 in i f6w daya c»ahU4 to ra^^ 
 
 /Before midnight we, had sj^ greater; ^^^^ than ever tp be 
 thankful for the opportuflne xi0mtrf of (qnir pesople ; for the wind 
 jacrf Mad ta a hard gale a£»<»ut h«if#{iast eleven^ at which^ Hme the 
 thi^Kttometer had fslleii to 15° $ making idtogether so inclement a 
 j^mt,\ai It would have hciNi impossihlefor them, in thicir already 
 d^Uitated state j 40 have survived* In humble gratiWde to God 
 fqx this Mgnal act of mc^'cy, -^^e distinguished the headiaiad to the 
 irestward of the ships, by the name of Cape Providence. 
 
 «^«)^ttlH 
 
WM« prepared to. cut the ■ho(e Mwtcr«».by whic)i^i»«^'|»« 
 •iwtM tii« Mp» of bMi« mniect <if . Uife 4m>i% Mng^wNl^^ 
 •wed to tlii Un^lwvf »4lM|ijoCvjiii whUli. i^MeiieMl 4odbi#ilB# 
 ain^NKi. mmAmkumH mmf^ '^ 'fit •tnmn Milt 'i«iii.ii£iffiraidt 
 
 ViMiM^Mpib^ nmr im^ thin 
 
 miMyMidiiJioml^ 
 *iM« ofi t]M^i»or^ i|^^tlte^>t<»RfiiiQ«MiCfr M^m^ m 
 
 , #»r iiiiMff c«Ji^fl» J^i^^^ fidmiii#%y»Qriii»g4«il 
 
 11^^ ^««pi|Miilbli v»ft WM of fcofttjtl^iAioie^ io n#4tii«ii Ibe 
 — ^ — -ilMr ^# ^ wind ffofliuiiid mUn^^owPf mmmm MUroog 
 
 ^^^,A#llil^M»i«T««»P»i fot tfe A»l»t«»o oCth»aiBfdlOi.iHwEi| 
 
 <^ii^l#|fl»i4, ot IM l^tH, for the l!f||j^iioi|r0ii«A«lK««g^ 
 
 Jkwn^tatiiamga^^a^^m^^^ diiiMlce <^ f«0.4«? threo 
 
 l9»ffroi«rit« AtaoufNTter fa)ifore|iooa^,«w ^tn ^r^tmM Ctmi 
 
 mm^M^'mmiiiiimmrt hi^b iind<t>ol4 io itg a^ai^o«t» inMi 
 #50^4 ao^fiioiid «fter Mr. liiiy, vmm n4mmyt»tkcMm 
 
 mf^^MmmiW- At the j^e wtOch we lelllo the joorajosi 
 t^; ice ,h«d beeo %tyfi| fi^io the ehofir to the. c^ti^inipft of mm^ 
 m$mmUu but mp, C<lloodra« we pr^^eticd, tl^t ilie choiHielho- 
 ^liBl^^rMaf^y s^ro asi^^ contracted, tUl at len||th, the Ice 
 
 ^gm 
 
 ^P^^ 
 
 
m 
 
 # 
 
 I Wit ¥toiiMi If iiw M aif <Miiiwif I jhaitfiiiD, iia WwA'ttuli for i 
 
 ttttf rfiWii-winMb lUfedbr i M P'ii i hf 'iii'iitiiiiiM B iifiiii f i ' liiiKtilMiii^jfli<'MliMl' 
 
 4^ mm a |^«iil Utiaiililar: of ^« liliMl4lBe hid biffniiiPill^ 
 
 ^dee«i«d ;&r when k^asvpei^emd thftib^^ ^ce^ in ^Vi^ lliflpr 
 
 ^li^liiM^ i|i^ near p»fi4 Ri^ l^«;^bMitv«4» HfeMio^l^Iti 
 lif&niMf^ ^ iS'\ tmr kx^gitaae, by accdimv biel% | t^i^ 
 iiudi^ iii t)M| jiftenioifm, etood ol(M|e in to the h%^k«d».frhicj^ ,)|i|p 
 I^V^. die ' ^hmd n, i^ew chiracietV ^ and tac|e^ In ^imyf^^m44f^ 
 ^(«|^ at tiiMlatfM^of five ^^ ^ 4>^*% f^^ 
 
 ..i^Nif -«iMt#e^^^toed^'90iiiidi6igsj' .i9d«ed3l>dfc«|eit:ifvS<i!Mii^ 
 ciriln i^llf thi most of the di^^t in e:£aciitntn|i< ihe a|i|t«/i^ 
 tKe ice to the westward, that I did not choose to heave>to for that 
 
 / 
 
 m 
 
 '■■m^t-mfm-hmm' 
 
tn 
 
 1 1 
 
 M 
 
 
 WHIeU 
 
 The cufrnvt ijUdip for t^ Hm two ilqrt, had bftn wttfic # 
 whra^ iii«fii|;«ii6||ft lilt fiMlN^ ij(fl|it'«lil 
 
 l»|#!|ieli lite floii «ttd mB^^mj^mmmiitU^ mp^St^bt 
 iiie« la dis fiouiM df !»• Haitailfa. 1 IkaU hiH imiM oM# 
 
 «l«Mp to KlMtflE, how* iBifllijlMl^ •fl^ «lM^^\«|Wlnfl^, tt^ 
 
 iKe^'iB'tlie^PaiarMai.. '- '^ - .^.■^- • ■% '^.^^ '.y^^' '■ . . ^:j \ 
 
 'ciii 
 
 pri»tiii»#oiaiSeai to^dfer aiiy^ii«|jr ]M«bli^ 
 
 ^ iilil|nr««Hm ji^ fHfer titiii»#ai| thai il waii iMfw 
 
 l|hj(* caaiid ^^e'lwi^^ #)iich haf H^a fdit«A 
 
 Jlil^^rtilah 4^ «ai^as dtapoit^MifK^ <^>«i«M ht thai directioQ, 
 
 lgj4^ it jiiyi ]l»i^iv wa^ tiil m^ driw Hom It S 
 
 «4Mil«^, that 1% chrif( ofto hirg« a b^ 
 
 l|lia Wes^Hv ditfi#^il| in^eat^d a tiontideiabla tpaee of opett tea 
 ^lKl(|»Htere In tittll guat^ter, I #i[t^ dn ««ety accouWL thc^fort, 
 ^luoi to >k# adta^ of a co^raat i»hl& wto itfttiog o» ti 
 m^imNtit desti%4 ditictipa, and, iiHth that vfeir> had tooie to tns 
 #!iiilllin«i$ott to aa^er the ships «t> a# iniliai^ t^i 6f ice, over 
 ^ibklrw^«oiim noi fbe frotii Uto; igiast haad^ «i4 of i»Mch tha 
 ^ck|t«^iraa gie^r than an^ I had iever before iceQ j by ^hfch 
 — im We #ere in ho|iiesdf making some p%reit,noiwith8tandiiiff 
 imfilt^ottnible a|){iearaneet begins as. Eni this eiihl be eflf^tt- 
 ^hJMver, It^ #ls >^^ttdMr^<» tfaie mni^ of the ice Was 
 
 i^Oi^ tetdng tK^^e we8twa)^dv'^ot^ w^^ also rapidly approaching 
 **^ahapa ; so ^t it #hs impossible to addpt the pro^sed me»> 
 
 » 
 
If- 
 
 "'^**-' 
 
 mitt, tiMimii 1wni»l% qb mm til illliM| «lilM«<l hmm 
 ft pretMt, and tkt irM tlMp mMiiiit lipWoitt tli« wcMlHn^, 
 
 liMinrii Wifl^ tttlMV' They #effe 
 
 cnwTipeFn 
 
 /tWtleirfl^ 
 It ii^eeMltlpiiiiAi^tfftly til Ml^ 
 
 ofrvtiifvfitt to^li 
 to #flii^ ^ Hir 
 
 that chilli We IMA 
 
 ' f e«iftfftal|f#'a " 
 
 %t^f6iitMfit 
 
 ilMritiiMitilylitffiifl 
 
 our p^if nL4^uii#«» 
 
 %il i^ Wii ^tttlde'i<> ipM" tKe inietteit ^IfeSli^tbilki •»!»•. -t 
 
 imt wjM, ff^ thririil IM thtt'lbttiil^l #i^ i^if M lill dibil 
 >ali-« ill i^ tINI Ihlt^ iatidlr fay, «l« 
 
 late< 
 
 I coime*' HI 
 
 *al , , . . . ..., ,, 
 
 tate of i#lel^iid w^faiiii^ jj>e| hoii^. J^^ 
 ilMMic totM a R«ie t€^ slii^; N£«^ **7dii«%^i^ MMm^^ 
 «^ *Vtottg^'lb«^t^t»^ailo«fi nbti^ kt|MNI^mi^l 
 
 |t^ while aftlieteil^^inl It wiaa miiih :tii^ «P^ to imi# #^ 
 bfeiMliauletf oi^CiMrt^eaifliiQ^i^^ iiitiiiftiliw ll«*^ 
 4aam body fltTlie y^llia Oitaoltih^ii^^Ui^iNM^^ 
 M in mdUoil to#ilnri Jlie i^ietit il |M^^ii)ie ii^te 
 «r tiie fiiips that th^ ahbolil 1>|^ in #^1lMli ill Mirwii- 
 %Miire^ll^.if ^x^sibfe, w^ili the |i^ lee filidvy'lll^Ci^^ 
 voir talker <iarrvia|r III kiti^dl^b^ir uNrter, 1 dlle«ie4^^lAi^ 
 ^ipM&rea* itf the olily ni^a W ireliniiit ttkem i#fi^Mill 
 titiialioo till the iiMs ^oiihl bie I'iiii'btrt ti«W alii^. AiNi^i^ 
 iP# iijKl ao^^d, a setond a(iteifi||t: #iu iaadi to eflb:t'?#tll§^^ 
 With as llttle'iiiteeaB at before, liiid ir<: Wait ^^ jrfali^: "^' 
 
 boata on Wo^rd iamiil, i^e yptlii| i^e In^^ 
 
 lipri^ froti^ ua to tbe westward. Al flie <lay id%ilie#li, 1iMti<^ 
 
 thia i6e beeanne gi^diially thinner atid leVs C(kiili&tt«^i rii^^nii^, 
 
 41 
 
 . j i tBWWP' ^Wtei'.- 
 
aAlriiiii oavviiiif 1iNi«ir, we fit Ipotdi Mc0««did in 
 ymm"^ tlw beidi, jby mmMn$ ^ little openingt, •■?«.- 
 ttr Obiorittflht olpiiM« tUc boMtt tlmMtgh Aen. Att ifct litods 
 #1if^liiow rtiMlM «• bofrd Hie BecU were occupied Hk ^f^^ 
 lug Hie M^Nw^ » iiftice which we cevM »ot poMiMy Ntft 
 MMttered ttltiigSi Mq|h t» ptffena, t>«i An* the ^heetfkhiMa 
 aiii sett iHihiKteh the <<«cen Ydiioteered en Ih^M OB V 
 etfier octeel(MM,toiiihl<hecMMtw, Kaielng«||MigMi,#iai nudi 
 Meolt^, afccttt ftMl, we iSn h#iih|g to hMl» *H>]» «>: 
 wwde. the bcKh, when Hie ^M ihiM to t^ MO<lH^,«t!^ 
 li ntther iiplttii iMri ahore. It wee qiecrtnNi 1lMi«t chiii|e WmmtM 
 pi^^ikKC Ih the o»9tioa of the foa, wMch eecne<| to be iehcloenif 
 #1 nipMly on eVeiy tide, end *• the bajr-leeltad now ae«HT dliap- 
 i#ri^, It wtt^e6ejHdered edvliable t^ nu^ e«B upon t|ie ihtoe, eo 
 &i«^berei4y toteke tdvantete oiwf aH«iltlep.thitm|^6ecaiC 
 I leiii to Lientenent I^iddon to deekre; thnt In cue of die m dot- 
 hMfiupon m, and bf Me l^ditt uttihle to find n proper eecurhy for 
 «» (Mper withm th« Moiiii|d«d fee, he w^uldnt onee run her bow 
 ^^oa the e^feil pert of the bench, to ^t fhf toee misht pefhape, 
 ^iree her up iirithout fliuch dnmnge 1 WVef* «« ^»» be ittend- 
 if#widi iSikioet feerteih dettroctien tb the ^ipe, ehotddthey be 
 caught between the iBoee and the heavy matsea of ice with which 
 
 ; If^die tM-^MMrw^ had nnadb |M, the ice had epnnleiiely eor- 
 ro«firiMiiiai«oiuchingtlie httid t9 the ieiiatward aa wdft aa to the 
 tiestwirdmdleaving^a «l^ a a^^ poojl ofopeii water,ltt which 
 we were atliikrt^ ttotiear abotii To the caatWard, however, we 
 ii l^ jpwrcettawln the crttw'e neai, that there waa atiil a eonalde- 
 iimm^^9t^^'af^i)^m>^ ^ duly chance of |etthi|iMo 
 ^'^' 1^ ii«iPto#^ twicbiM fi»r any opening that nii(^ occur hi 
 
 the ^%M^ iiow cma^^a fhrmid^S^ hairier to our eacape hi 
 «niti|l«lpM|i Ati^tMiatbn$t l^^li. it waa obaerved that a flue^ 
 Mim^kmi4^^p^am^ IP ©w pro|^»aa eaaiward, 
 
 i^«Hi^Nh!lhe crttrreitt ii^ iiip^ carrying ido«g the ahbre, had 
 iitypifditef^^fei^ point of hmd hear 
 
 1i4aiSh^i9ho#^r^iiw^^ Weitwad 
 
 ii#ffiRdi tliiii>#ei^ It more dlalinctly, «4 
 
 fhitfttfd th«0i|N«^>«^«^w««P^ in reaiteNSli 
 
 «6i»i^aa4i^i^<#tt appear au^i^tt^ for ooir purpoM^' 
 
 On ^p^viihtng ^ ape*, we^u^ die passage about three hu^ 
 drrd yi^ a^ bii*iieen^e lan^lMid the icet and«a there wil 
 ab tiii^c|dic»|ir^l%eration oTibraoundhiff^ channel, att tllo 
 ^ "Ifng-saili #^ Inatan^ act in both shma^ and wcr paiiMi 
 #i'tbe o^ihght the diaaince of a hujidriiid yltdi ft«^ 
 
 --JrW»vinpo%s«^ten fitflSirtin«»^tirii»ri^^ - . 
 
 It^Wti^ hnpoit^ not'to consider ourselvea forttti^te ill htf«lng 
 .ci«»i|ied the ^nger tHiteh hKd lately threatened the ships $ hiit 
 
 . 
 
 \ 
 
 
86 
 
 another dUficultjr now pfeaented itself wbich we had not antici- 
 pated. This was occasioiied by findiog n<Mftfy the whole surface 
 Of that part of the sea, which at a distance Bad i^>peared to ite 
 optivcovered with a coatmw of young ice oCsiifident thickness 
 ta oiler aronstderableimpeditiient to the ships, miienaailinff with a 
 sm>ng and^iavoorabMi brce». To give aonpe idea of the degree 
 of obv^ction occasioned by this ice, whidse thickness did not ge- 
 ii«faUy exceed half an inch| it may be sufficient to sta^, that wiA 
 sucha^q<untlty of sail as wpold ceruinly hate propelled th«> Hecb 
 six miles and a half j^ hocf, if ^i^mped^ in this way,die did 
 not ^yenlge aaore than tm miles, ifes remark must be under- 
 stood to ap|»ly to ice of this kind, when of a ^ngle thickness, and 
 iirthc state in which it it natoriOfyfbrmed upon the surface^ But. 
 whenever, b^ any presMure on etthtr side, the sheet is broken, and 
 
 the edgM of ime part Ibrted under those of another, causing thekR 
 to ovefrlareach other, the whole^ thickness of the ice is of ^ui«^ 
 augmented, and the impedilnent to a ship becomes greater in pro* 
 portion to the frequency with which ttiis oecun. Where W 
 has t^en place, the i^ behig too thick to aUow the Water to be 
 seen dirough it, is distin|ttithed by the whiten^s of its appeal*- 
 ance ; the white ice, therefore, it to be avoided in sailing, as muth 
 aspossitue. " - 
 
 . " ™ "y intention, as usual with us of late, to sail along tho 
 shoretiUi^; canae to any limd4ce calculated toai^rd shel£rto 
 the ships during^ the night. As we ra» along, however, it was 
 soon perceived that die ihaiii b<^ of the ice.wi v«# »pi<Uy ap- 
 Pf(MM:hmg the shore, atthe iame^^e^tth^ itretMr tnrtfent was 
 sijUxarrymg^itt that directidn I die sl^ps were immediately haided 
 in-shoie^tofcid thel^^ 8e<^ty)i^ 
 would jdmit, but die bi^ ice had fn thk i)laca be^^o to thicken^ 
 ed by the^contmued pressure of the flo^ upon it from without, 
 tliat ^e ships were thortly arrested in theil- progitssi beififfi^Oiout 
 one nule dia^nt fhmt thi land. Every e»edientt*brtak^lcfe, 
 usual in such <^ase8, was retorted to, without oikt beii^ al^ to 
 move the ships a single foot a*headi The ifie <kHfiiiit«d vipidty 
 ctesii* on the shore, fbiting die sMps in before it, andf bringiiffi 
 with it to much of die bay-ice, that^it wis neiedless ahV longerS 
 emoloy the people in attempting tobreidi i^j to iiteltor teemed 
 no# die oidy mode we had left to avoid bethg drivin on shorv, or, 
 %pNt wwmuch more to he apprth^ded; being fowed by die floes 
 against. the heavy ice 0A die beach. W« waited, th^Kfb|«, m at 
 seven P.M. we had shoaled the water gnidsAdly t6m tlrent#^mn^ 
 tomiie fathoms, and then drc^ped the bower-anchon Wh^ the 
 *^ •*'?'°V*^*'^**^ ^y die continued pitssure of J:he ice, we had 
 stiH seven fadloms under the stehi, our distance fMm die beack 
 beiMiaboutfortj'' yards. We now seemed to have gdt rather 
 withm the dnft of the main body of ice, which passed us to the 
 
wMfirtrd at Uie ratpt of two mU«iaii Mir s bu|, at length, the point 
 el^« large field, iphie^ftad hitl^aito not ap|»ro«thed the thote nearer 
 t^ tsaro or thraa himorad yai^t, was ohterved to be rapidly near- 
 \m IM* Inini9!%tefy to thf westward of the s|K>t where th^ , 
 ^cla*s anchpr ^vlheeii droppfid, some very hcnvy ice, whion, fdl^ 
 distinction's fabe, we,cal)ed a berg, projected froiQ the beach to 
 the distance of a ;i^ip4lfd V<^ fi^ y^urds. > The ship* had ibrtur 
 nately been lorced ^ tu^ ice^bne on each side of tins projecting 
 point ; for ajt>^|^t F,r|li. the- field citniie in, contact with it with a 
 tfeiiieadous.cra^jA^ni'liP'the anorinf us frasnients of ice In the 
 mo«t awfid and teir^; maoner f this seemed to break, in some 
 deioiee, the finve wjil^ which the ice lu^l, been driving ; n forte 
 wbidi jaay alai^Mt be^onsid<M«d incalcolaUe, as we could not 
 se^ ovef}^ fi^ in motictt ^ fpom oiar mast-head* We were 
 a|^idda tiii|e- withiii' «^hul|dnd yard* 1^^ j^ and had, there- 
 fiMre, gieat reason to be tbainhfid for; wing e^ being carried 
 iut9# situation in whijih no huiintn power or skill could have saved 
 tl^MiM Arominstanidetiruction. ; -■ . 
 
 vAs^the prfsfure^of thi^ bajfi^ice around the fhip continued to in- 
 ciffse, she was carHed ,gri4uaUy;ii); t^i^faids me shore, and as 
 n0M>g wasnow to be eKp«^|:%|d fi^lj^i^g^^iven on die b^ach, 
 I ordered the rudder to be lifted, the vaU to <be furled^ and the 
 to»|9}laut yacds- t9'.be ffady |^ia^ri|inf. At hdf^past weight 
 KM^, the J(e<^,had tailed iiito &|ee fi|thoms and a half, ab^ut 
 f^^n yarda ifomf the bea^h. ijle quMtity of bay^ee which 
 wa# squeezed Up ^^een tlie ship an^ tho ahore hM by this timo 
 bf^9ine>so^jg:^i^<th9t<it w^uld e>iily4i^ the b^ats and the men,: 
 the.fonner of which; were l^ikded ice. to enable us to hoist 
 
 ^m lyPt^ i It ^i^ii^ tlus us^Uli>U<l«»e of a f«nde|! 
 
 to li^p ||ie jih^ pff* d^ g<)i^^ 
 in-?U'y''Pil|». :.'■'•■ '^ . ./i'-- ■!■■ ''■:>'■' i- '- "' '■■ ■^''<'•' 
 
 ,lii|!it^,|iifj|ii^^ into a^tuatioik 
 
 n$i|i)^ilj|^kar ifii#ig|il cpi:; the oppmif^ Mdifr of the berg, by wht<^ 
 st^ ll|| l^f^y h^^ our<viay.r We observed her heel^ 
 
 Ofer yiif^ff jp^,,!^^ a very trifling pressure 
 
 nias witll^ Ivr s^ipeieut to produce this effect, litde apprehension 
 m^^|^^rtai«e4 o^^^I^^IK:^^ I subse^ntly learned from 
 Wii$(0iii0m^tt&4^^ thf field o§ ice closed upon us<r a 
 
 p(Mnt (^ >H M fa^|Jba>%i^ cfemin, oable, by which die an^ 
 <lN|l^^waftJ#niid|i|^^ veasoi cairied towards the 
 
 s|k0fl^ JPhe cibte could not 
 
 he siippod, and«i^<ll$^t minutes, the ^>ace betwaen the two hawse- 
 h«i|ies wWcompl6t(|^^u^ through. The cablie psrted- soon after,^ 
 a|4 the,odier afK:lWBi^bai9g lot go, brouf^t die ship up in time ^ 
 Piei^aut her go^og ^ Awe. fhe Ori^ also lost one of heir 
 biita iipn this^oGcasi^, but waa^ in sustaining no mat^rild 
 
 ii^ury^- ..-..t -^ .:::-,;/.•.■■. ^^^ :':.,■,,.:.:: :. . '..,.: 7.4: ;^'- 
 
 
 ty 
 

 i 
 
 ^tfMac P.|f.y thuJiDe nii^jt fkwhwAn4j9^ off die Imf^ 
 
 dnrinf ihe nifllic. Tli«r olkcm «»d oMn w«|i «m«Ii |a|lgiM4 m 
 tbit !%'• ex»nMNM» «ii4 1 4irectdl tti« mm bfMt mht tfUcelli 
 «od iiB •«tit«llMrfiiiBe irf;jMn;ienr«4 «icpt|a ImI imni* . 
 
 At dty-Ii^follie 19di» tbe i*ld44B« liiA,d#K •bmik A Jpijic 
 frotti Jhe kii4jUlf: iiiilerMKaiv ipce bei|^(, iiMi^tntMr ^f^: 
 pUd by ippiiiig|jlg» Ip oie %^^ ^^1SJ|: 
 
 iNit»er'MrM.o«6r|jr i^m liitb ItotiMiiiilfiiiQ^ i«« itmpMi^ 
 
 tbe N^JI., «M 1^^^ i» J|f^in:l^oi^^ o^ 
 
 from tb^ dhotst^ lipid liCKv Mio^ri^tM* «|Mrt(poii' iii|pbcd}cM^ 
 Ijr dTtl^Jaiki, th<Hi||b ikie. »W4[ wa^^^ to, ioitJkwc mv^.mt' 
 
 ft con^Qt whi^b ^iitxid U19 $i^^. loilw mmmmp^^f^^^Smi'^ 
 Ihe projeetinff poin^ came very fl«ir tlw %f»<v ^3<Mn» # fbfi^ 
 mi^ tbe lUclft by abotit % biindM 
 «ifht^ ^neof them WM <^b»rrfed to W. m0«|^,^i«ect]f |i^ 
 ^bigbt wbel^^tbe .Girtow.«j|i^,|r!n».. .>,|i^v.|.l»w'. P^WiJpf #%i|||^ 
 ire p^reeiv«d her to heel ao oiucni lliil |mdiMnfc«ott6l btk ^iidUr • 
 milled, of herlmviiii; ben &ii|^o|l 8|l|p<fj>y t^icM., Pifi^fil* 
 BItf Pabner round ^ Imii tor |»(|iiire «]^;«aa k^ i^tpi^^ i 
 yaa Nbnped ahj waa H?i«?ik?5» l^ftJ^S^ l|^ op)y afyfi 
 la«^ )iMtor Oft ibeguiikt%jf# %i we>ati 
 'immi. hee from wi^b«ft> .,,^JiKi^ra:;jp|mi: 
 tie; meaa tti«ea . it.;itQiil%.'i«#it '4m^^p^ 
 deRt t^ id<ipt» ai^, <|<«i^^|g^lrfef^ap|^ 
 
 posed. It the Gnper re^tti|ed bghtemiig coiia|dei«blyJ^pi HW 
 cQiiI4|>e ^bove off^ an Qfaimil^ii wliicht ji htt'^m^MS^ftjiS^ 
 
 4|pf>taibbtmtptb«^iii«t plas«a£af(^u^ii^^(ppl i^ 
 
 to aaarcb aUbiBda T9^]^li^§0^t^,S^^^^ 
 
 bec<aaoat* ^■-.i.--^:\^:...r;y,;:4!^i'H^--- ;v vr.^^^-'v. ■■ - 
 
 Shortly afif?^ our ]iMMrip| Etigbmd».l4^^ii#K|^^^^ 
 mi£si|ti}i^ly attaph^ w# % scwiara ,rhattma<a9s$e#yla^ 
 
 to .pr«|i' 
 
 jtiBe, «• CO ac iKMc oanwunuy co,m«9na;,«^ iQii|i,.Qfuy fo aecp uinHm. 
 tbe i^eat oi ^ aummff^ The „baraaaiii9^oi|;ciiniM4l<i|^«, boir^nfr, 
 wbkb^ bad attended 1^^ «gi8|tiona for ih^i.}!fa$^pmiu^^ 
 aa|»lble obaMe jM^i<^ bad Ifitely taken |l|ice m-, tbe ^MiMcaplUpN 
 of th^ atoBosphere, bad comibiaMed to pfoduce ^am^ua mteisflioia! 
 for the ijroipe i eo that at thttime of ibe Oripei^a bejing dHyea op 
 ahore, be was agun reduced to a veiy debiliuted state, boll^ 
 
iecoimt 1 prapotMl tto Urn to tltov himwlf to be ranoTed on 
 fcMud the HeeU, notS iht Griper sbould be got afloit a^Un. To 
 tf»b prepoMdy h6wover» he vould l^ no means Utteo, atttiriiig me, 
 that he should h* the last laaa, instead of the firat, to leave the 
 Griper ; and he remamed seated against dw Uk side of the deck 
 donng the olfleater pfert of the day, fpving the necessary oiders. 
 
 The wind coatlntuni^ strong from the northward, the ice left the 
 shore very rapidly in *he afteittoon, io that^' by one P.M., theiv 
 was once morea littiv clear water about the ships. Before Lleu«> 
 tenant Beeeh^ left the 6ripcr» they had beite enabled to g^ the 
 hand4eaddoWn on the seaieideofthie vessel, where tht^ fonild 
 between fifteen and sixteen feet Water; and asthe ttde wltp 
 now rising, we^ began to entem^n great hopes of her coming 
 off the shore without difficulty or dun^^e. Soon after noon we 
 pererived that she had righted considerably, and attwo P.M., 
 we were informed by telegraph that she was afloat.*' A party 6f 
 oar hands was seat on board to assist in making her snug, that she 
 ■igbtibe ready for moving Whenever the ice would permit. The 
 wind blew haid from the nonhwird during the aight> with A good 
 detf ofitow; and the tiiermometer was at 10|* atmidtaght. Thi 
 Aurora BoTeaiu Was sden Mntly in die S.S.W, qiiarttr of the 
 heavens.-' ' ■ '^- ' ■••;,h,r^ -,^ ^'■■■\ .• 
 
 Tile acfanineed period of dfi seisoa^ the nf^Mromisiag appearanci 
 of die ic^ to the westward, and tho risk to the ships with which 
 tlie onvigalioit had heM attended for some^days past, o^ltutally led 
 me to the eonelttsioo that, under these ciftumstances, the time 
 had wrivedi^iriien it became absdiutely necessary to lode out for 
 wihler^iiaiters. Among- the circumstances which now rendefed 
 this navigation more than usually perilous, ahd the hope of suc- 
 cess proportioaa^ less^ diere was none which gave more reasona- 
 ble ground for apprehension than the incredible rapidity widi 
 wfail^ the yoilng tee fioirmed upon tho surface of the sea, during 
 the greater inrt of the ti#4n^*-f«itlr hours. It had become evident, 
 indeed, that it could only be attributed to the strong winds which 
 had latefy preVuled, that the sea was not at this time permanendy 
 frozen over ; for, whenever, the wind blew less than a giUe^ that 
 formation took place immediately, and went 6n with such fsto* 
 lushing rapidity, that had the Weather continued calm for mora 
 thaiifottr-aod twen^-hours together, it seemed to be extremely 
 proMble, diat We must Iwve passed the winter in our present <»> 
 jMsed and insecure situatioD. 
 
 From this and various othef cottsideraiions, whiclr the account 
 of our bte proeeeiBi^ will naturally suggest, I considered it a 
 du^ incumbent up«i me to call for the Opinions of the senior <Mfi* 
 om of the expedition^ as to the expediency of immediately sedc- 
 iag n harbour, in which the ships might securely lie during the 
 ensuing winteri, The opinions of the officers entirely concuiriag 
 
 M 
 
 ■I 
 
 -*! 4 
 
 ; 
 
 

 JO 
 
 with my own, is to the pmpriety of imoledialdy J«f0itlng to thU 
 meMure, I deterinined> whenever the \c9 and the weather would 
 allow, to run beck to the bay of the Hecla and Griper, la which 
 neighbourhood alone we had any nawm to believe that a suitable 
 baibour might be foimd. 
 
 It blew a hard gale from the northward during the ni^t, by 
 which means the foes were kept at ft«4istance from the land, and 
 the bay^ce prevented from fbrnhig under the lee of it. The sea 
 to the eastward was not, however, sufficiently clear, nor the wind 
 moderate enough diiring the 21st, to allow us to move the ships. 
 "Hie land was now almost entirely Covered with snow, and, as we 
 ifterwaids found, remained so during the winter. A few coveys 
 of the ptarmigan were seen near the beach, during the time that 
 We remained at tUs station. ; 
 
 At hidfifiast two, on the morning of the S2d, the might-signal 
 WasnKide to wei]sh, and we began to heave at our cables; but 
 sufch Was the difficulty of raising our anchor, and of hauling in our 
 .hfltwseni, -owing to the stiffness of the ropes from frott, and the 
 'qitanthy of ic« which had accumulated about them, thtft it was 
 five o'clock before the ships Were under way. Our rudder 9I90 
 was so choked by the ice which had formed about it, that it could 
 not be moved till a boat had been hauled under the stem, and the 
 ice beaten and cut away from it. We ran dong tt> the eastward 
 Without any obstruction, in a channel aboutfivem^s wide, till we 
 were within four or five mi^s of Cape Heame, where the bay-ice, 
 in unbroken sheets of about one>4!hird of im inch in thickness, be- 
 ganiib offer coniiden^le impediment to our progress* We were 
 abreast of the point at noon, and here our prospect waa m^er dijS- 
 f^uragin^ ; the anchorage in tiie bay was quite free frx»m any (^ 
 iltriiH!tion» but k space of three or four miles to the mnth-eastwi^ 
 of Gape It^ame, was eompletely covered witii bay-ice, which made 
 it more tiian probable that Weshoi^d altogether, be exclu^dfrom 
 tiiei^dstead. We <iintered this ice under a press of sai|^ the wipid 
 bbwins^stiviQg from the iibrthward, and found it to consist princi- 
 lally of that kind Whieh, from its appearance, is technicidly called 
 •*• pancake-ice,'V and which, though it considerably retwded our 
 fM'ogress in beating to windward, did not offer so serious an imoe- 
 oiment as we hid expected. At half-pait.two P.Mfin swingmg 
 the main^ti^ail-yard in sta3rs, it was unfortunately carriedi away 
 in the dings, but this accident was quickly repaired by thi seidtous 
 exertions of the officers and men. As I saw that the Griper, 
 Hhich had dropped several miles astern in tiie course of the day, 
 could not possibly reach the anchorage before dark, and beii^p ap- 
 |)irehensive that by a too amcious endeavom* to effect tiitt object, 
 she might become frozen up at sea during the night, I made Lieu- 
 tenant Ltddon's signal to secure his ship to the sTounded ice off 
 €ipe Hearnevw^ich he accordingly did. Soon i^er the sun had 
 
 '\^f- 
 
 -t-^i''''yr>\ r- 
 
 A....i 
 
 ,'%,.» 
 
 •SSsg.'i"^ 
 
 ^.^^■v«<i--^«"v**!<«',i^y_*j;f 
 
1 
 
 
 W-r:i- 
 
 91 
 
 Mt, I had reuob to e tt t t rt wn die mom ftpprehention for the HecU ; 
 Smt tlie young ice began* m neiiid, to form upon the surface of the 
 mrter, and in an houur'a tiookc offeiwd so conudfrable t reaislance 
 to th« ship's motion, though undw a press of canvas, and with a 
 fresh breeze, as ^ make it doubtful for some time whether pe 
 should reach the anchorage* We at length, however, struck 
 aoundfaigs with twentjNuine fathoms of line, and at eight P.AI. an- 
 chored in nine fathoms, on a ipiuddy botlum, * little to the east- 
 ward of our situation on the 5th. 
 
 The wind continued northerly, witk « heavy fall of snow during 
 the night. At half-past six A.M. on the 23d, there beiog fortu- 
 nately so tittle bay-ice that a boat could easily puU through it, I 
 left Uie ship, accompanied by Mr:* Niaa, to ezamiue Fife's hiMr- 
 bour, which had been reported to me as aflfording good shelter, 
 but having a bar across its entrance. I directed Lieutenant Bee- 
 chey at the same time to get the Hecla under way, and to anchor 
 wherever I should lay down a buoy for that purpose. My morti- 
 fication may well be iaaagined at finding, on my arrival cm* Fife's 
 harbour^ that it was covered with otte solid sheet of ice from six to 
 twelve inches in thickness, which had been entirely formedsince our 
 last visit to this place. I landed on the west side of the harbour, 
 andbeingsQonafter joined by a boat from the Griper, which ves- 
 sel was beating up from Cape Hearne, I was informed by Mr. 
 Skene, that a second bay or harbour had been seen by the (wicefs 
 on the former occasion, « short distance to the westward of this, 
 ^e lost no time, tiierefore, in rowing there, having first lud down 
 n buoy, near which^the Hecla was to anchor, and made the ncci^i- 
 aary signal to Lieutenaut Beechey. 
 
 In going to the westward, we |»ssed a shoal an4 open b|^y, im- 
 mediately adjacent to die harlxmr which we were . now ab^t 
 to examine, and soon after came to a reef of rocks, in soqnae 
 pMtsnMvly dry, extending about tl»ee<^Qarters Qf a mile to the 
 «»uthward of a low point on the south-eastern side of the, hairbowr. 
 On rounding the rm, on which a quantii^ of h^vy ice was lying 
 aground, we found ihat a continuous floe, four or ftv^ inches in 
 tiiickness^ was formed over the whole harbpur, which,, ^i. ^very 
 crtherrespect» appeared t^be fit for our purpose { and that it, would 
 ht necessaiy to cut a canal of two miles m kn{^ through.the ife, 
 ioor<ter to get the ships into a secure situation for ^e winter* 
 We scwmded the idiannel into the harbpuirfor about three-quartfrs 
 of a mile^by BB^^ing holes in the ice and dropping the lead through, 
 and fouml the depA from five to six fathjoms. 
 
 Having awcttuned thus for, it remained, for me to sound |he 
 iMur of Fife's harbour, and then to choose between the two phuMs. 
 I returned on board, therefore, for the boats' crew to dts^, and 
 then proceeded in execution of this object. The entrance i^to 
 Fife's Iwrbour is ejuremely narrow, which enabled us the sopner 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 4 
 
 I-.. 
 
 
 M 
 
.!■ .i- .• .. n^,ii-ifM'inm.ii 
 
 uf^Hmmmt tk« vtitr kipriMticabttkf «ffftiiltty tlM^Mft Imo it| 
 M w« fottpd the depth ott tlM haf tirhe bittif tirelv* fiwi ii hMi 
 fMMMr Mid seprhig tide. I morMd w btwd thtfeiwt, and dt* 
 fenaiMd w tiktaig the thipt fowid the wef to the euMmt «f tht 
 
 iPBHenuMut harbottr, ott tber felkMring wemhigi» A md 
 
 •f thflfer feH thie eveniag, tad the yotng ke IbraMd m til wrlhM 
 
 The thlpe weighed ct eix A.M. mi the ttdlh, dM wind hsinf 
 still at north, and the weather modmne and ihe^ At aeet «i die 
 Hecia wae ttoder aattr I went aOwftd In* Imm to eoniid, uA to 
 leieet ffi«RchoraM §at th(> ehipe. In Mimiiig «• the weitwwd to- 
 watdithe poini4?the tcei; we had ob leae thM thne ftithMM aad 
 three quarben } aBd>4>3rhee|dnfl«nther«ff'ehi««» we Might half* 
 htid auich deeper water,butthe ^i«d being aeant, it waa naiuawiy 
 toheej^wdl to tb# northwards 'Near the eoBth-weetem patot -to 
 this liiihonr «hei^ is n temaikahle tlock of to M dawn w , aotoewhtt 
 reeeinbfing the roof of a house, on which the ehips* namm wcv« 
 Babs<Nittentfy eii|;raved by Mr. Fisher. This eiiae ie wry eon- 
 ^icuoiMrin coming froas the etotward^ ind when kept open to the 
 toiithwatdof the grounded ice at theeod nf the reef, foMni a gocMi 
 leading mark for the dunmcl Hito the harbour. Off the tod nf 
 the reef the wnter deepcued to six Ikdmnw, and the Hechi\ «n- 
 cfaor was dropped in eight fathoms, half a taiiie widiin the reaf, 
 and chise totoe edge tMtthe Ice thttoigh which the canal WM to ha 
 c«t.v The Griper arrived soon after, nnd bjr half<«iiat eight AiM« 
 both 'Ships weto eecured in the |fraper fNmtNi lor cototicneing 
 the Intended o p e r a ti onal* 
 
 As soon as our people had breahfasted I p r e toed ed triihm anwH 
 fMtftirof men« to JtotoMl,«nd to awriE widi htonding-pikto npon the 
 itor die toost dtreot^hitowl we «aiild fiai to the nucharaige r hatr* 
 to|^4c|i Uimati oos for every 'other officer andman4n hodi ahipi 
 to he^itoplQfyed 4n eeiting ^ cmal. This opentd^n wm pto% 
 fOHnJad'hy irtft nmHcing mt twn paraMel^linee^ disamt ^m ea44i 
 Other n iisde wore than the breadth of die larger ship.' Along 
 Mchefthefe lines n cut was dien toide with an4«^<«aw, and odiera 
 UgalK at rii^t «A|^es to them,«t inlervnis of ipom ten to titontf 
 ieeti thwsdttiding thelcn latea nmnber of «««ctaagu(lto pieeto^ 
 wlddi^ it wat again necessary to enbdivide diagetta%, to ordn* to 
 give rboto ft«r their bsattg^tedont of dietaaMd. On retnrmng 
 fraw the npper ftarl of thethartiottr, where I had mtoked ^lont whto 
 tfffwtoed to bei^bestsitaition for o<irwtottVH|Harters» I l^wnd 
 that connderable progress had been toedein entting tlis ennal, 
 and in ftsiating the pieces ont of it. Tt> »AieiM(iile the hMtor nart 
 of'^Awi jMcocees, the seamen^ who ere -«A ways ^(ind'Of dohig thmg* 
 hi tHeh» own way, took adfttiMage of a ftvsh northetly Invwet^bt 
 setting totoebc^s* sails vp<irk the pieces Of tee, aMeonnWanee whien 
 saved bodi lime andlabour. This "part Of <die operation, however. 
 
 JWhKRiM 
 
 f.y 
 
— ^ II "-IT •- \ — "TT '.iJ rr- 
 
 -"-T" 
 
 hf §» the taoil trmUeeMic, flriiicindlf on uoumm^ tlnr 
 auaotitv of yoong iot whkh fttmiM in the caml, mdeipwiallf 
 •Mttt die eBtriiiee» where, MfoNfUB-Mt, it had beeooief'td thick 
 Am « pMsege eoiM M toMer be foiind fer the dctaehvA'fieece, 
 wMiOttt oootldenMe trouble hi bieekiiig H. At half pMt eefea 
 F.M^ we weif^ied «ur aochere. ami be«ui to warp- ap' the can a lg 
 hot the iMMftherly whid blew lo lireth, and the veof le w«i« aovneii 
 fttigued, havtaig beenahttoiit coiiMaBtlvat #6nt for ahiebefi hoiin« 
 thM it waa middight b«ftw« we reached the let m h w ui oii of owr 
 first da/*» hihour. Whilte we were tiun «aipl(nred» ^rttmit nhM 
 o^eloiBk i vivid ilMh of light wm oheenred, cmetlf like liohiDiag* 
 ThM^ WB> «t the fMM tUHo^ and dorittg tfie grMitir|iait of the 
 sight, a periaaneat hrt |i h t nes e in the aormeni quarter ^ the ImU 
 ▼eae^ whmr was iim b aulj f occasieaed by the Aurora BorMdis; I 
 direeted hidf a pouad of ittth meat |ier hhmm to be tesoed, as an 
 esira attowaaee; and this was contmoed daily tin die coaipletioa 
 of our present undertaking. 
 
 All hands were again set to work on the morning of the S5th, 
 when it was proposed to sink |tbe,||iieccii of ice, as they were cut, 
 under the floe, insteadof floating them oiit, the latter mode having 
 now Iwcome impracticable on account of the lower part of the 
 canal, through whith the ships had passed, being hard frozen dur- 
 ing the nig^t. To^ effect this, it was necessary for a certun num- 
 ber of men to stand upon one end of the piece of ice which it was 
 iainided to sink, whi)e other ^Nuliet, hnuling at thik ipOM ^apf 
 upon ropes attadMd to the opposite end, drafted Um WcnpIc under 
 that part of the floe on which the people Mood. 1%e oiioers of 
 bath^ahipa took tivB lead in this empioyy several of tlipm atandihg 
 iip W tlMir kneca 'in water frequendy duriaig the day« with , the 
 mftrmosatter generally at if , and never lugher than t6^<^ At rfix 
 P.M. we began to move the ships. The Griper wasi«ia4t#wt 
 astern of the Hetla, and the two ships' companies being divided 
 on each hank of die ^anali'wijdi ropes f rom (he Hedli^e gapfWays. 
 soon drew thei ships nlong to the end of our seoond dayVwotdu <^, 
 
 This day, tte 96thy being fitamdi^r I ^lould, on every neoounty 
 have been ^lad to make it n di^ of iraat M the oftcerai iMsd men i 
 but the rapidity widi which the ice incKaaed in thickiksa^ in pro* 
 portion «s die general temperature of the «taM»iAefe duninishedi 
 wiMdd have rendered a day's dday trfl tanou»' importance* l^** 
 dered tlie work, therefore, to fweontiBUed at ^ uaiaid tioseni 
 tlie morning; and aueh a^M die ef^ied and dieerful flMamerin 
 which this order waa compUed with, as Well an the skill, which had 
 now been acquired in the art of sawing md eiaking the ke^ ^Mti 
 although tiw thenaometer waa at 6* jm ^the motping, )»i>d rose no 
 higher than 9* during^ the day, we had completed the canal 4tiioan« 
 hwii^ effected more in>4bur hoars thin on eidier of the tw^ pre- 
 eediug days. The whole length of this canal was four thouiavd 
 
 » 
 
 ^n 
 
 ijft'-i. 
 
 i}..--^ 
 
M 
 
 and tigli^MCvo yarda, or oMily two milM ndoM-Hilrd, and tho 
 wrtioft niclmeM of the ic« wm leveo iacliM. 
 
 At naif pMt one P.M. w« began to track the thipa akmg in the 
 aame anaaer aa before, and at a qiuuter patt three we reached 
 oar wialer-quartera and hailed the event with three loud and 
 hearty cheera from both ahipa* conyaaica. The ahipa were in five 
 
 a cableVi length horn the beach on the mnth- 
 weatem aide of the haiboor, to which I gave the name of Winter 
 Harbour I and I called the gropp of iahmda which we had disco- 
 vered in the JPolar Seat New Georgia ) but having afterward* re- 
 eoUecfead dial thia mune i* already occupied in awnher part of the 
 worlds I deemed it expedient to change it to that of the ^orth 
 Geori^Ialanda, in honour of our gractoua aover^gis George 
 the thirds whoee whole reign had been ao eminently diatinguiM- 
 ed by the eztenaion and improvement of geographical and nautical 
 knowledge, and for the proMcution of new and unportaat discove- 
 riea in both. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 FneiKriitm ftr $eewriMg Ihe Skipt wd Storu-^f^ promikHg good 
 tfudert eUialiReai, lu^ht and jOod^Aamear* amm^ t/ti Skipi^ earn- 
 jNialM^iMiM^MNCiif of a Theatn, and of the Abrfft Ototgia 
 Oofl^Mfe— Jlreefion ^ an Dteervafarjf en Shonh-^Oommeme our 
 IFiNi«r'« Munmnunii^Stak oftht Tt mp era inm ami vorioKt Jftfeo^ 
 ffllimfeaf Fht»min»-^-^Mi9etllaMon§ O ecm i tnttt ioihe elate ^the 
 rear tM«. 
 
 ' ii AVINO iio# reached the aution^ where, in all probability, 
 we Were dmtilied to remain for at least eight or nine months, dur- 
 ing ^r^e of which We^were nofto aee the face of the sun, my at- 
 teUtionwaa immediately, and iatiperioualy, called to various im- 
 portaiit duties'; Ihatiy of them of a singular natore, such as had, 
 Im' the firat time, devolved on any officer in His Majesty's navy, 
 and might hideed 'be considered of rare occurrence m the whole 
 Miibty of navigation. The'aeeurity of the ships, and the preser- 
 ^ticik of the vatiooa stores, wetv obiect^ of immediate concern. 
 A regofair ayatcmto be Adopted for the maintenance of good order 
 IriMl^ctemdiiitasi as moat conducive to the health of the erewa 
 duriai; dm l«ig, dark, and dreary winter, equally demanded my 
 aitennOB*'^ 
 
 ^KMik moment wia lost, therefore, in the commencement of our 
 opttadoBs. The whole of the maa|i were dianmntledf except the 
 
 \ 
 
 ;f,-*--' 
 
 ,..»-^-- 
 
 ■"■: ';ir*rr' y ' j?s* w > !<.>»■ »« .- 
 
k 
 
 9B 
 
 m. 
 
 lowtr oBCf, and tha Htcto't main-iopHiiitt, dM tatltr baiaf kt|li' 
 fidded for the ptirpoM of occMiooaUy hoitting up the dbettoaMtey^ 
 chi^D, to tnr Uie effect of ttmotpherical elcctricin. TIm loiMr 
 yards were uuhcd fore and aft aanidahipe, at a •uSeieol haiglK.tif 
 ■iipport the plankt of, the hcHiemg intended to be erected over^ha^ 
 •hipt, the lower enda of a^ich rested on the gonwale i and tkm 
 whohi of this frame-work was afterwards roofed over widi a cloliiyi 
 compoaed of waddingHctlt* with which wmo^s are usually cover* 
 ed ; and thua wasfornaed a comfonablie shelter from the sw^apd 
 wiiid. The boats, spars, running^ rigging* and saik, were removed 
 on shore, in order to give as much room as poasiUe'on our nppar 
 deck,> to enable the people to take exercise on board, whenever tHo- 
 weather should be too inclement for walking on shore. It was ^^ 
 aolutely^necessary, also, for the presefvation of our sails and rop^ 
 aU of which were hard-frozen, that they ahouldi^be kept in lht$^ 
 state tiU the return of spring } for, as it was now impoaaibia to* 
 get them dried, 4>wing to the constantly low tempcmtme of dm 
 atmosphere, they would, probably, have soon rotted had they bemi 
 kept in any part of the ships, where the warmth woidd occa^on 
 them to thaw i they were, therefore, placed with the boata cm 
 shore* and a covering of canvas fixed over them. This coverings 
 however, as we afterwards found, might better have been dis- 
 pensed with ; for as we had not the meana of comtructing arotrf' 
 sufficiently tight to keep out the fine snow which foil dtmagthti 
 winter, it only served, by the eddy windwhid^ itcraatcdyto aa#» 
 the drift about it greater {: and, I have imw no ,doid>t« that, widt > 
 stores in the state in which I have described. our sails tqr b^^it 
 WQuld be better simfdy to lay them on some spars to keep t^Mn 
 off the ground* allowing the snow, to cover tbem as it folk For 
 want of experience in thC8e>iaQatters, wealsp took; a great d^ of 
 unnebessary trouble in carrying the anchors over the is^ to th|B: 
 beach, with an idea of securing the ships to die shore at die Inrei^* 
 ingup of the ice in the spring i a precamicm for whi^ there waa, 
 not the smallest occasion, and by which the cablea suflbved lume- 
 cessary exposure during the winter. .. 
 
 As soon as the ships were secured and housed over; my undi- 
 vided attention was in the next place directed to the comfit of 
 the officers and men, and to the prestn^atimi (^ that extraordinaqr 
 degree of health which we luul hitherto enjoM^ed in bo^i shipa^c^., 
 A few brief remarks on this subject by Mr. Edwards^ (to whoaa^ 
 skill and advice, as well as humane and unren^itting atleiid<m t^; 
 the few sick, on all occasions, I am much indebted^ I need fl»alt% 
 no apology for dfering, in hia own words ;---*^ On our anival ^ 
 our wii^ter-quarters, after a season sufficiently harMsingboUi tx^ 
 officers and men, it was pleasiog to reflect on die excelUiiit liidMk 
 they had experienced throughout. On our passa^ acrosa tfca 
 Auaniic^ indeed, a few epheanral ' laplaints* arismg from wei 
 
 •m 
 
 */.5 
 
9S 
 
 lower oBct, tod tha Htcfai't mMo-iopiiiiMi, tlM tatmr btiag kti^ 
 fidded for the ptirpoM of ocoMioMUy hoitting up die dbctfOOMleM 
 cIuiId, to tnr Uie effect of Mnotpherical elcctrici^. TIm ImMr 
 yards were luhcd fore and aft anidahipe, at a •uneieol heiglM t% 
 support the planks of, the housing intended to be etecied overihlp 
 ships, the lower ends of Which rested on the gunwale t and dia» 
 whole of this frame-work was afterwards roofed over wtdi a cloliiyi^ 
 compoeed of waddingHctlt* with which wmo^s are usuaify eover*: 
 ed ; and thus was formed a comfonablie shelter from the sw^apd 
 wiiid. The boats, spars, running rigging* and sails, were removed 
 on shore, in order to give as much room as possiUe'on our upper 
 deck,> to enable the people to take exercise on board, whenever ttiu. 
 weather should be too inclement for walking on shore. It was ^kmi- 
 solutely^nccessary, also, for the preservation of our sails and rop(iS|» 
 all of which were hard-frozen, that they ahottldi.be kept in di^ 
 state till the return of spring } for, as it was now impossible to* 
 get them dried, 4»wing to the constantly low temperature of die 
 atmosphere, they would, probably, have soon rotted had they be«i 
 kept in any part of the ships, where the warmth woidd ocwa^on 
 them to thaw I they were, therefore, placed with the boata on 
 shore* and a covering of canvas fixed over them. This coverfng^ 
 however, as we afterwards found, might better have been dii- 
 pensed with ; for as we had not the meana of comtrticting aroof 
 eufficiently tight to keep out the fine snow which ftU dtmagthii 
 winter, it only served, by the eddy windwhic^ it craated, to au|^ 
 the drift about it greater {and, I have ik»W no .doidit« tlmt, widt' 
 stores in the state in which I have described ' our sidls to bi^^it 
 would be better simfdy to lay them on some 9ftm to keep t^mn 
 off the ground* allowing the snow, to cover them as itfeU. For 
 want of experience in the8e>iDaatters*;Weals() took; a great d^ of 
 unnecessary trouble in carrying the anchors over the ic^ to thps; 
 beach, with an idea of securing the ships to die shore at the InreaM 
 ing up of the ice in the spring i a precaiui<m for whi^h diere waa,i 
 not the smallest occasion, and by which the cablea suflhved umie* 
 cessary exposure during the winter. >. 
 
 As soon as the ships were secured and housed over; my uadif< 
 vided attention was in the next place directed to the cemliMt of 
 the ofiScers and men, and to the presin^aticm <^ Uiat extraordinaqr 
 degree of health which we had hitherto enjoM^ed in boi^ shipt*., 
 A few l»rief remarks on this subject by Mr. Edwards, (to wliqi% 
 skill and advice, as well as humane and unren^itting attendou t# 
 the few sick, on all occasions, I am much iDdebted^) I need fl»ait% 
 no apology for dfering, in his own words ;---*^ On our anival 'm> 
 our wiuter-quarters, after a season sufficient hara^ingb(odl j^ 
 officers and men, it was pleasing to reflect on die excellent. heaUli; 
 they had experienced throughout. On our passa^ across the 
 Adiniic^ indeed, a few ephemeral ' liplaints* arising firom wet 
 
 t 
 
D 
 
 but 
 
 be SMMMT wonlnr of nodcti wadf 
 Mar ciffCMf a pMiod of botirot» two omI 
 ■!« Modteal CM* hoi bets oaitmd cm lb 
 
 •oiKihla 
 oor onrival withia 
 
 T^tbiiftto. 
 
 •r ow loHriag Ba|li4t fwi wbtoh 
 With ragwi to aocidaMty wo hod 
 
 tbo liek Imc 
 
 ■^- Huw^VOFi BMIlt bo 
 
 of LkoCMMBt LiMoM, wbo bod tofefod oolrorofy from 
 catb of rhOttontMiii sbonfy 
 bo had Aot yot noovoora. 
 
 boooa^loM fortonatoi o fitw iofiii4oo'lr0Oi ftooi» ood 
 • bowl by g uo p owdct, wbieh bod aol jwt roootrwod, b«t wUdi 
 pored aiky of itnqpoforf iaeooveaaoDoey ooaedtw^ig oil tbo como 
 of- tbia notuife wbieh hod hitherto occurred. Noitho oUgbtotC 
 diepoeMoa to econry, the diteoeo OMOt to bo iq^prebeaded lai- 
 der oof p«iBiH cirtninotoncee» bod yet been ofwwed bi-oitbor 
 ihipi lo feeti the whole of the oflkere end own, with the few «» 
 oepooobobofvo OMNntieood* orioht be taid to czhildt die fioeet oo^ 
 poet of bofllcb i end it woe no w^ mcifying to obeenre, that ^tuki 
 aptrita weroin perfcctuoieoa with weir corporeal powere ; ao that 
 it woe iwpooiihie oot to coooider Aem aa dEectivc oo at the cooii* 
 nraneeaieiit of the voyage. Under dicae co-^xiadojg cigeumrtanree, 
 ooadtined widi the powerful prevendvee with wmeb we were fiv^. 
 niahed» It waa not unreasoaKble to induce in a confident hope of 
 findlof oovMdvea at the beginning of the aeatt teaMm with our muo* 
 here undiariaMied, and our enerma uidmpaindk"> 
 
 In order topvolong tbia bealdqr ataie of the crewatond to pro* 
 asoto tbia oonlort of itt« audi arfangementa were aMdo lor dto 
 wii^lKdi anil dfy no to ^ die lurdia and bed^placeat aa cieauMtaaaao 
 a ppe a re d to PB^uire ; and in thin reanectv oonic diUJouhlea weroto 
 b« oveaoooHi whittb could not, vueniapa^iMivo been nnric ipBt e d . 
 arrival in Winter HariMur, when die 
 
 of the atauMphere bad fiUan coosidevaldy bdow zero of 
 heit^ wo Iboiid diat the atmun from the' coppera, aa weli aa dio 
 bresdi and othef vapour geaeraied in the^ inhabited porta of tbo ' 
 riitp* began to condenBo into^dropa upon the ^beama «mI dto aidea, 
 to auch a deglpee n to keep them constant^ weti In codier to re* 
 move due aeiioua evil, it waa neceaaary to adopt auch OMiana lor 
 producing u aiJkient warmdi, combimd with due ventiladou^ jhi 
 mi^t Qttry of the v^Mutff and thoa pevent ita aotding on nv 
 part of dMivddp. Feardsia purpose nluge atone omen^cMed win 
 caattron^iov which all our bread was baked during Jhe wintNr, 
 waaptaced on die niaini4iatcbway, md the stovepipe led lore and 
 al^ on one aide of die kiw«r deck, the Mncdce being thua onnied 
 up tbo^€Brai4iatchwi^« r On die ^posite aide ^ the deck« anappn* 
 ratua bad been aftoCfaed to the gaUeMrange, for conveying a c<u> 
 rent of heated air betwewa decks. This apparatus simply coasiat- 
 ed of an iron Ik« or aiNtlesael ai|eut fifteen inches aquare, though 
 which passed those pipeoj^^f two inches diamctery coBuaunicating 
 
 
aiil»»irtail>iiwtwi#iir,aBAiiokiMAoftliiSJWtd»«i 
 imnim «U»«r^ilw fdbjNinie i i» tUt boa « ttmuMowi 
 
 |iiK «H MMlMdi aii* WM(M9wk«»ilM «iddl« ptrtof dw Immt 
 imi W l n » »i i i j iwi»—ii ttii<Tt|wtiP>< m ii l»i lM i tit >■• ■ ■• 
 ill fiiiM^lM^|li^>«h»tliiw pipetrlbwB wM^ 
 
 HM^iSilli dp ttovv-pip* ^ *t «M«i^ Mnlifc Wliilf |M« 
 
 MnMl4«^|W «Mw, « ttoin«it irt piodoMd ft wtrrMii 
 
 4iii^ |hii.»tiwywftlMii,# tr^ m^ttm iHn—fti of tftvtattMifMt 
 
 iKieoniMlftr ol*4MfttfJvlM^iiM|klaok^^^ bf 
 
 ihi »ft9r« it,«ii|lit MdMblidfy bt ciftltd to • amth giwiitr #i- 
 
 tiii I b oMft^ M tih i iilwiBili»^y«o^ w wiii^t bin libra dM VM^ 
 ««ir>«b«0iHiftiMit^M««n^ coMf i» still acfwiMilaiMl^ in tb* bt4> 
 yjftiM iiinmlraftHjN»ftft«wqftra4 i>s ry ikiim ipgdtitf. 4awiif 
 lIlMMMMfiiijployratl to imvrat tbft k^uriM^ dbctt ftritiag frrai 
 tbfci|imiwyiiir>» oce of tbe nett tActaotit pe^pt flit ft teveoi 
 ■Mii fli insMloai^iMdl tft^tbt biMm fwarn tb« f ft l ii y , rad drop* 
 pbtfiiitbin dgbttraJaohto of tbt tebifWUeb mtvoA to iniorcopft 
 tflf otMMpft^MOft tbt 0pppofO4 oad ^tevoiii it at b o l a mfeom eurliag 
 ilaiig. libo bramii^ anii^rOoaikMiiig vm. thrai \moi^4mif», TV^ 
 •wotiiifii «tfptd«lfy oiilbl «t tbo mm of drawkmldl tb»bo«r. 
 iMi^mmktAs lotefy bteo i»lbo hobitof biotriMf liroHi^tMftOO off 
 HtkmA ttvf^wui «bkb eoBtbuodto botorf fid iw ttfortl vooko 
 •i* iiibitl|iiW>fior;Mft of fbooraal ftUomNWo of tplrito. Wo fewii^ 
 ibo^titiil oriiinp worn thi».pga<oio lo. ftoaoytaiy diifiilg tbo €ol# 
 tumibifr'tbal, vfthioblo ii too boor wnot be i^ooMdwodftt «i aati* 
 iOWibifttifr ibOiMiOfle, it was dctmod odvitftblo to mtcondmio our 
 llPMRilrovtliftt ftceoottt; » WUlo oiklbt»t«b|«et, I moy ftUo odd 
 tbftt, wbra tho weatber becftmo wverefy ootd^ we could aotfettbH 
 bboigto letinratf lenfto to oiftbo^pft l ft ta bl t r '"-^^^ -l^ 
 
 Fii^^fiiMcffti^ti of beolibf and a» i^ neceNarjrineaMiro i>f 
 eeooai«^#^«i^l«ir^ftlt«iaiiQn» we» aMido ii &o>qiiaiid^ and ouaUqr 
 o$lh# >pfttiisioaa;aiiiied^ I directed! tbe :allo#ance of breaiitolio 
 ptriniaiiandyrtrcdriced to tiio<4bird8|> a |»*ecautioii which, perhapa, 
 iti<woiild hmbera a* we^ tO' have ad^Med Arom the coiiMHaDC»> 
 SMlits olr the vojranir^ «A poond of ISkmmm preterved flMali to- 
 geite'Wttl^ one pwt of vegetable or oonctiitrated.eoiip per naoL 
 wecisubatitiited ror o«e poond of writ beef wodki^l a propordoo of 
 bfter apd wine waal aicved inlico «if tphiita } aad ^wam quaatlMr 
 <^«oiHr lEiQuL Mid f^Ueai widt at mush viaegar ac coidd m iiied» 
 was iaatt^d an regidftr^iatervab^ The dftity propoirtioii of IbBom* 
 Jldee ttid 'stigtt^ was ai^^ together» ind, With a proper quaoti^ 
 idsmtmr^t^'^e^ oAcer appbinir 
 
 ed'fg ttttitd to* thiffdi^i Thit hutgr pfecattdonoMjr appear to 
 have been imnec^Biiaif^ W ^Mie who are not awaro'iltow Wach 
 tlitririMaaiBMaiihIldiftfr ia aft tfaoao pofaMi in which diolf own 
 
 N 
 
 
 i 
 
n 
 
 \i 
 
 I 8' 
 
 Jn iIm artMla of ImI, wUfh I* •( Mlob vilil^ I 
 Nvert ft elMMle^a tgMMhqf'tiM j 
 MMk » quMtity of omI «bI|^I 
 for Um pffMervaiion of ImoMi «ii<M»dl tlw obipn 
 lande lor turf or 'fmom itooiMUaifly tA aim mm t lv i k mA'^mulk 
 qoMHity of the kliw «M mado uM^oloplbak kilV«WMK »fio» 
 vioua dryiog^ wbkhf fram thood toi i c o d yrio4git»«iwinom^^lio 
 had BO meana of aiifiiog it, it^ waa.tiwMiA to ho^too. w at U fa dd w i 
 aoy aaving. of cauk' Wo^aho bohad om ommi vaBaiaiMf^bint 
 vain of coal ooahora^lMloaljf a?fcmiBaiipa ^ewipkflwd u p . iiw k l f 
 Qttr aiay in Wiotcr barb a Mb * ■ ;■ « '•• • .. • - v .. ■ - • . a.- , 
 
 Graai attavtioo waa paid lo iIm doddof of tlia aMn^irte ipmo* 
 put. into a cartaia-ttuanhar oi di>iii*in» acaBodia|| to tl»«iital^««o* 
 torn of ifaa «av]rf aaeli diviaion Mug wdwr thatr iw—d .o# ad 
 qflictr, wlior*as ImpoiiaiMa lortlio pMooal Bhaalioiwofwiio sMk 
 inirusied to Uoahana, ii apatt> aa tor thair kaapiog-dtair alotiia»al 
 liltinicaflMBdadaQdiogoodoaaditioo. Thi aw p wa a o i a ^uia % 
 wmtarod lor. i B i |ani o> a wr oi og aod owMii^gi at'Widdt iibmo:'b 
 atoraya vhiitcd a«ary^|^_of t)M hnnaiii diahii aoeaaipaBlad %> 
 
 Ibaeut.BaeclMr nd Jdr. Idworda^ «^doi».4ifio tfca waajfiil 
 appoiniadlbirtli^^anaitaatiaB of tl» iiia^aaldia.— d yii tij^'dig 
 madiool imtkaMBv i« ordar tktm wm tlMit aBpaaaaoca-wOP tl» 
 
 sftttrvy^ miglit at ompa >ba datactad^ iod ahaakad ^ tiantflf-aMl 
 adaqatfagiadafc. < . ^ '.«:^' 
 
 It waa my iatteatioa to. haio. aawwad^ dw < boddjao off <dia 4ririp# 
 < fbm >aa ic a lo ho brouglit ao daak, fair tlw fuifpaaaolairiagfaokisc 
 ooea a JMcek datiag ma«wialor{;boi h»t% alio^ a dtftauly oa iu i i 
 red» wbiabv without praviotta azpariaaci, aonld. aoa- p ai ba p a Inw# 
 bfwa caaUy aadcipaiML Whanatero:idairi(cailaab«aQghl4Niid«c^ 
 and^^auimd to raaudntharelDr^adiott dMr»4t otadunaiKquirad 
 tba^t^pcraturaof thaabKMi^hate^ Wb«B tfaia happaded xa-lm' 
 ratbar ItNTi uodar snro of Fahrenheit fbriaatauca, tba iinaitdiiurt 
 cOB»Bftoence, on caking tba Uaahet again into the iwhilhinid patta 
 of 4hc. ship wasv diat the vapour aettled ami OMidauaod upon 
 i^MsndatiDf it alteoat inscand^ so wet aa tb ha Mfit «» iltopion^ 
 and requinagy tbarr^are^ after ^^thai'ii Aodbdbedricd by ardfl' 
 cial iMat bielpre it could be «B|uffde4icto. thabed*|daocb Wofrata^ - 
 tbc^eSorc, under die necessity of bttiipng' tlia« faiddUbf 'updiNlaaa' 
 between 4«ckB,a» the o^y tnoda of airing i^ and whacwafttik^- 
 t<;»tprove>aH|l'inioBe:iarii^^dal^ wte vans <ab)^pld «> liave recourse 
 to. the stale iriidbtaitby ancaaura in drying du^JpNiibed^ aiotiie«st7s^<?^; 
 
 siikt^B^'S: 
 
I 
 
 •f WtwrvMM iMKtMtjr, •wli'tf «« were 
 iWi j lM fci liiMiBj^witk • it mf fim^Mt of lit comlnuMM* for a 
 «ipl]rwi»i«iM»«f A5rMHV«I wmmItom olfiadiiif '•mmmnuic- 
 WMM fcii tm mtn^^immg^lkimkmi^nni ttdlaus iiiMnraU I pN»- 
 <iiiiii iliiwfc uf H th> m»m n «• gac up • plajF oscMionaUjr «ii 
 mmA |h>'lh<li» w tiM PMMllMt «MM oi JMrMtrviiig •moAg our 
 mat iliii^hnfMMi»«Ml good hraiour wtikli hodliklierto tubk 
 ^IliAsii <!» lU».'y«o|Niol i^iPM ffoodily MCowUd by tbe oftccrt of 
 MllA«Uf»f — ilvIti wm Ma t J Boofhoy hoviog btto duly eltcud a4 
 ■Magtr^ y^ i iii y riw i Mic i wm Sm for dio «ib of No- 
 r, to tbo grmt dehght of '*•• aMj^t ooaipoiiicf* la iIiom 
 MBUKpadlv ido rt o ofc • part iiywdl, «oDtld«riog tlMil on 
 fMiiploof' dMorfouMMo, %y givw§«o dinnt eouoiMMiice to every 
 ikiUlHlMdtvooold cootrihnM^ it* woo not tho lent eMeoiiol port 
 fMijhdatyb'iMidio- <ll» poovttpr oiraomtaooceo in which we were 
 
 R:if .<!' 
 
 .{^^loiiAidoirelitt'fbrMMr lo priina'to good4iumour amoaj oonelvee; 
 IMi«ilk|»tpiflorBioh4i«MMio»oeoupoiioii«-dunng the boure of con- 
 «lMMt3d^rhdeei^ wo eet on fwi' o wocUynowepiipor* which woe to 
 b^^ooliod thei^^rf* BtmrgiM 9taet$m mia WhOtr Ckroniek^ and of 
 whidi Cap»ii» 'flohhio u^doctook to he the editor, uodor' the pre* 
 ■iiainihai^fi^«o»io heottp^oHad hy original coMriwiiioiiB it^wi the 
 ilftrera of the t^wohipM and) though-aooM obfeotion aaay* perhapa, 
 Iw l aiia d •■ u ln gl ^iplipar of ithit Joad being ^eoerally reaoried to 
 
 la^a Mpowfc iwai^tl-^. woo too weli ■ oo nainu d with the dlacretiodfap 
 veil 00 4m MR^leot diwpoiidona or mf oAcere^ to opprehend nay 
 aaffaaaanti^ Bo aaeq u e il c ei Iteoa a oM^aeuro of diia hind ; inetcad of 
 wab^coa ioMty eay^ ibaiatbe weeUy contribotioan had the hap- 
 |pje6U8b£ oaiployiag ibe leiaave howra of th^ who fnmiehed 
 theait aad of diverting the mind from the f^oomy proepect whiob 
 iNmblaoiMMlaioa abawleitielf oa thoatoutcat heart. > 
 
 jiniwudiinlji oaoor arrival inJaa*boaK» Captato'Sabine hadomw 
 llojrad hiawelf laioekotiBg »plaao fior the obaervatbry, which waa 
 aia e wd ^^ioia* eoavoaiOBt apot* aboot aevea hundred yarda to the 
 weatward.oC«dM abipa* : It woa.abocooaidercdadviiable immedi- 
 ately to aotaboi^bttaAng a hoaao>neai< the beach, for the reeeptipn 
 ol^the elocke and biatramenU. For ^ia purpose .we made uee of a 
 faaafityof ftr*p|aoit« wldoh waa intended mr the construction of 
 lia ia bua ta» aad'Wbich waa so cut aa not injure it for that purpose* 
 'Ibe^l^ouadwaosotbu'd frozen that it required great labour to dig 
 bola^fer the upngbt poata which iormed the support of the aidea. 
 7^ waUa of thio boiiao b«ng double* with moas placed between 
 t|a -twoyahigh toBi^eaatttre could* even in the severest weather 
 itklch we m^ttbedooawdr to experience, be kept up in it without 
 difioidty by a ate{^e store. r . 
 
 > Aawng tbo many fodaaato eireamatances which had attended 
 Ui ditrinyihit faatiaeaaon af our aavigatiw>» thor^ was nona more 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 'm 
 
t \ 
 
 '■■ I 
 
 y. 
 
 I 
 
 wo 
 
 »tiTk\ng than Ae opportune time at which tht^aliiptr^irarc Mcurely 
 placed in harbour ; tor on the very n^t of oor arrival, tha 96Urof 
 September, the thermometer f«U to —1' ; and, on thaicdlowibg dby, 
 the sea waa obaerved from the hiUa^to be quite fraoen over, aa fiur 
 aa the eye could reach ;. nor waa any open watar aemi altar thia 
 period. During the firat. thitce weeka in October^ however, we>re«> 
 marked- that the y<Ming ice, near the bmmUi of that harbour, waa oe« 
 casionally squeezed up very much by Uie brger floMi ao that ih/t 
 latter must atiU have had some'space left, in which to acquire mo* 
 tion : but i^ter tiiat time iheaeawaaen^^ covered «iilh one vHif^ 
 ipnfk surface of solid and motionleas ise. ;< ; 
 
 it. After our arrival in port, we saw aevernl reki<4<»xi^ and^^fow 
 coveyaof grouse $ but die counUf Is so deaUtUte of evei^r thing 
 like cover of any kindv that our aponsnien wetc aoa snccaaaAiMli 
 their hunting excursiona, and we procured o^ three tein>dear« 
 previously to the migration of these and the other nninuila from 
 the island, which took plfce before v^ dose of the month of €k- 
 tober^ leaving only the wolves-and foxes to bear uaecHnpaiqrdnnng 
 the winter. ThevfuUf^^wn deer, which we kitted in the nitktoam# 
 gave us from one hundred.and twen^ to onf hundred ahd seventy 
 pounds of meat each, and a fiiwn w^gfacd, eiji^^i^fbrnr ponnda;. 
 
 On the iat of October, Capuin Sidiine'a aervaM bavingtiieett at 
 some diftaoce from the ships, to examine nfox«crap^ waaporaudd 
 by a large white bear, which followed his fo(M«tepa the wtole wa^ 
 to the ships, where he was wounded by severdbldlayfairt'imideh» 
 csaqpeafier diU Thia bear, which waa the oi^^onewft saw during 
 our tfay in Winter Harbour, was observed to be >m(Mrcp«ralf'Wh^e 
 than any we had before .seen, the colour of thefe animals being 
 generally that of a dinyishyelloWy"Whancontraated:twithdii( wluta^ 
 ness of the ice and snow. 
 
 On the night of the 4dH we had a strong apde from the south*, 
 ward, which g^ve us a satiitfactory proof, of the security of the 
 harbour we had chosen, for. the: main ice wasibund in the morning 
 to have pressed in very forcibly upon that which was nen^form^ 
 cd near (he entrance, while within the two pointa of the harbour, it 
 remained perfectly solid and undistwhed* >Some deer bei^g seen 
 near the ships on the 10th, a par^ waa despatched after them^ some 
 of whom having wounded a atag,'and bemg 1^ on Ivy' the ardoat^ 
 of pumuit, forgot my order Uwt every person diould he ooMboard 
 before sun-set, and did not return t^ late afrar we had suffered 
 mueti apprehension on their account* I, therefem, directed that 
 die expense of all rockets and otl^r^ aigni^ made in such caaes, 
 should, in future, be charged againat the wagaa of the oflGmdii^ 
 party. John Pearson, a marine belonpng to^thciGrtper^ ane waa 
 the last that returned on board, had his himds severetyfrost%itti«,' 
 having imprudently gone away without mittens, and with a nfuaket 
 in his hano« A party of our people most proyideatially Jpund h^io,. 
 
 &■ 
 

 i'4- 
 
 dhhwi|{h liie'Diglil ivat very dwrk, just as he had laMen down » 
 ileep tNudt of snow, and was beginning to feel that degree of tor- 
 ibot and drowsiiiMifr which, if indulged, inevitably proves filial, 
 when h« was bronghc on board, his fingers were quite stiff, and 
 baitJicd thflf jrtufN^ of that part of the musket which he had wm 
 carrying* rad the frost had so far destroyed the aniuaation in hk 
 ftigtra^on oawilind', that it was neccss«ryto amputate three of 
 thrai » sh«rt tioM after, notwhhstinding all die care and attention 
 paid to hlfii by^he medied gentlemen. The i^ct whtdi expo- 
 soie to aetere frost has, in benumbing the mental as wett as the 
 corpoieal ficidties, was Kcry striking in this man, as well as in 
 two^of the young gcndbwen who returned after dark, and of whom 
 we wen itodbii* to maite infuiriies respecting Pearson. When I 
 «Mi«lbr them faito my cabitt, they looked wHd, spoke thick and hi^ 
 ^ilstino%/and it was< impossible to draw from them a rational afti^ 
 smw-tomiy'of our-questioniB* After being on board for a short 
 liiiie, >tlw mentd Hicidtici appeared gradually to return widi the 
 ft tttwdn g dtcntarioi^ and itwus not tiH then that ft looker-Kin could 
 eildly persuadie himself thtttdiey had not been drinking too freely. 
 'f\t> tli6S€«^ who hflive been mudi accustomfd to cold countries this 
 wittbe no new remark; but I' cannot help thmking (and it is with 
 iMSF inew^at 1 speak of it) that many a man may have been pun. 
 ished^for intbkhwtaon, who wa^ <mly suffering injm the benumbing 
 effeets^of frost} for t have more than once seen our people in a state 
 soveaiKidy retemUin^- that of the most stupid intoxication, that I 
 should certainly have charged them with that offence, had I not 
 been quite sure that no possible means were afforded them on 
 Melville IsUind» to procure any thing stronger than snow-water. 
 In order to guard in scnne measure against die danger of persons 
 losing their way, which was more and more to be apprehended as 
 the 4£r^« becftme shorter, and the ground more covered with snow, 
 wAUch nves such a dlwary sameness to the country, we erected on 
 aH'the hills within two or three miles of the harbiour, finger-posts 
 pohiting towards the ships. 
 
 X have before remarked that all the water which we made use of 
 m^Ue within the p^r circle, was procured from snow, either natu- 
 rally or artificially diss<dved. S<xm after the ships were laid up 
 ftir the winter, it was necessary to have recourse entirely to the lat. 
 t«r process, which added materially to the expenditure of fuel dur* 
 ing the Wwtcr months. The snow for this purpose was dugout 
 of the drifts, whick had formed upon the ice round the ships, «id 
 dissdved in the ceppers. We found it necessary always to strain 
 •idle watpr thus procured^ on account of the sand which the heavy 
 8now*-i||Fifts brought from the island, after which it was quite pure 
 npid wholesome. 
 
 On die eirening of the 13th, the Aurora Borealis wit leen very 
 
 I 
 
 « 
 
 A 
 
 
 •# 
 
 l-< 
 
 >J 
 
fomily, ceniitiiig of a •tstioiiaiy vbitft light in th^aoniii-wcttqate- 
 ter^ And MM* the horizon. : 
 
 i On tb« I5tb» wt SAW th* hui covef of ptaimlymmhith t»ne 
 met with thit MMOD. Qm th» taw <hy>oii » | N«ti ie 4itH i»rwigiifa 
 herd of ificea deer to theMMtbvwdi th»f /wei^Miligdng^^Mii^it 
 fiint«MK«pt oiw. Iwfe onei pf«bihiy « itif ,.«rhkh JeftanreMto^een- 
 •d tOifnaid the, rest m their fltgbl^ yriig frtgiMlly >found ^iMi, 
 and eometiine* ttrihingjlifrit iii<h hi»hmir>iD.«Mkt!ihMB;9«flii, 
 which ^thtrwiaethefdid pot 99mm mmlkmi^mitAm do* «? k^^v^? 
 
 0» the-ietfa, it hlew « iliOBg/cakffrdqMh^lMmhWilHk jkombi- 
 ptnied bjr iiich^fti^eoiitiUuM^ yQmw%>,th«flth<Hi|h A*t^ mejiiwl 
 iHie ^fiite ekgr Mrerhead;^^ J bo M i h ema t f'<t.th» iliiiMM^«f 4h«Me 
 or.Aiir^iiuqdi«d yirdei coid4fCM«0iv he ««■« ^fya»i!fkmttdfim''Mn 
 aMch«0fPMiwi«« iw peiMM. «i«t!fecmtiiid:ji>«i»«ii)M«e«ei^ 
 th« Ihipi; IndMv mhtn th<ibeiiow'4tfli«tGiirMd^^«'4t^A«|iifel»* 
 tyndidf'dttriQg tb« winter, with^* h«vd>feK- wdthe'theniMveeitr 
 v^rylow, I believe thht no ^tumaabeiiig iJOdkttehyeHwwwiawd elim 
 afteiv 8R1 Jioi)r?ji «spMttferto it. I» onderv^themfi«e^.>tt»jee«aBe^ 
 GomoftiHueatioa hetivee« liM 4ups^ a dietancs Ml feieeediag lMli« 
 cahle'a length, m well af/'froiii the thipe tollte^hoiMe ewMore^^ 
 Hiw w«a^|c<^ t3|teiided, ec »? giiid* frovixdort^^he^thrrtf 'AMtm 
 the nuddle of OctobeRihe enow hegim to iril iKMailhuEilkhM thlft 
 durfog the eiHnmer s eiid^eooa. el^ «hii,«wjbeiiey»r It lett^titcdMb 
 aitted entirely of very ntaote jj^tofArVaaaaniog t«riaMi fenttaJtaf 
 cryatalUsalioni^ The meridian altitude of t|M etm iraa nbacttred 
 this diQF by an nrtiSchd horizan, whielk. I notice htm th» «i*Dttai*' 
 stance of its b^ng the laat ti«c we had| an optiomuilty of otennrw 
 ing it for about Ibnr naomhsv ^ 
 
 On ^e 17th and I9tb,;0iir hiintingpaniea^^>orted^thnt$thedaik> 
 were nrare nnmefons than diey had hem before, wkidimade aa 
 conclude, that they were aaaend»Ung their forces lor an taunMlaiia 
 departure over the ice to the continent of Anierica, as we onfy aiii' 
 one or two on the island after this time*- They had been metwitti, 
 since taking up our quarters, in herds of from eight to twtntyvaad 
 from fpffty to fifty were seen in the course of one dayw v A<fcher- 
 mometer placed in the sunat noon» on the ISth, rose only to «^^, 
 the teropcNrature in the shade being — 16". . 
 
 It had for some time past been a matter of serious ciwaideratioB 
 with me^ whether it would' be necessary to out the ke round the 
 i^ips, which had by this time- biicome.: so &mdy attaehed to the 
 bends, that they were oomfdetely imbedded id it^ Therevhappcttir- 
 ed tabe only two ojr three pe|PSf>na in the expeditmn, who hadniMr 
 been frozen up duiMng a whole winter in any^of this cold eomnriai^ 
 and I eonsulted thfcse as to the expediency ofdohig. ao. ThiefRap* 
 caution, it would seem, is considered to be necessary^ freiai i^ 
 possiMli^ of a #hip being hung by th^ ice attached to her beOdsy 
 and thus prevented from rising and falling with the tide ; in conse- 
 
 
 .*>-^l,l.«.>.«<« 
 
 ' ' T " I ' .I^IT 
 
 TaCI 
 
Pg^^wfwWW^, 
 
 'ii\?^9^:j?^.s-'V?li" 
 
 ^^W^rs 
 
 101 
 
 ji iici ^irMciif « fifeak lilghfi enilf be torn «ui ntir <hr1rtttri> 
 mmfby the wdglM of the attip hanisintf entirely on Ihit jMiticttlir 
 ifm* l^ww tdM««d friMiinfy amWhentioii Wk this teom, Now* 
 manfhf lEtio#ltt|f ho«r sandl the ii80 and fall of the tldbe w«i» M 
 iMtailicei ewi iMo by liavitt^ obterved that a apring-Cidtt caiii#d 
 the ^lioie mass of ice in the harboit* to detach Itself from the bcteir, 
 aioafll»HiHi«lelitie of which it splH, and WM lifted; so that both 
 tMft^m^^Ust Mse tnd fell in a body with Ihe tide. The only 
 i^iMStioii^'A^tefoi^y that remainedf was* whetlier the lateral expan- 
 sion of .4i« lee flftighf not oi-eate soch a presi^re upon the water- 
 1km olilielihlp* aa;t6 do them some damiage. This appr^enbion 
 wii^«wth«f iBttrsased by Liememmt Liddon*s havinr reported to 
 aiii tt rn l hla 'oiicew ha% a nightoi^^two before, heard a load crack 
 iboiit ibe#vi^r*e;li««ut#, which gjuvt them llie idea of somethiag 
 •»aiiiiii(f Orftiirkig way.' I1iii noises however; which occurred 
 vtty fMNfien^ tiyerwiiiNls, asthe cold became more itftene^, proved 
 tolw ««ii»iiig'li«ore^lMili«t»wMdki» heard in houses 
 
 la csBid oMiiiries, ^being-occatloned by the ftvcfsinf and eitpttisi^ 
 Of 2tht jiHceii^^cMtahied in wood not thoroogMy setftolied. To put 
 th««iiiiiiieiHoot^of^iM <lDttbi^<bdwev«r« i deemed it fMiidettt toordev 
 A»' lie to" be etit-roiMd hiitK'BhipSv«n opci^tioii which occupied 
 thi fWo crewt' rimost the whole of two days, the ice being now 
 twe«^-tht«« inches In thickawn} Md I determined to continutt 
 this Ope#t(tf(M»di^ly^as^ long at die weather would permit. ' 
 
 ^iflit 90thF of October was one of the fitiest days; which, ai etfi 
 periencelias dttce taught cis, ever occur in this cfhiiati, the wer- 
 tkerl}eingcl««r$widi little or no wind; and, though the diermo- 
 meter reoMiiied steadily between — 15^ and -^ 16" during the ddy^, 
 ir«^ fflfthiir pteabafu toour feeUngs ^an o^erwiee. Our sports- 
 wen were om Awtti both ships ^ whole^dey, andretumed, for th6 
 iMtlliiie, Wi#U»tftliMnrliig see* any living atiiiMal^ dvough they had 
 wittediOVt«r« v^considtrable-4iteift of gt^tind; so that the 
 hope we4i«d ifidtiili^d of obtainini^ o^caeioMMv^ a fre^ meid, wae 
 i»w nearly at ad^ end fin* thi rest of ihe Winw. tt wks observed 
 from the hilteiv thM the icte iHfrIhe ie»ffin|[ hudibtift dirowtt intoh%her 
 kunimocks mm before i aifd^io the fHCM«iWg' wt s«# tt Auttibet of 
 Mttle vertical stttatiMi of vapour riaiiig^froM^ se», ne*!" thvinoti^ 
 of the harbour; «ii^tch was ptdbtlMf that phettomenoki viil^ify 
 cMlid the «« bai>b#i'* ift Ifofth Allltl^a^ and which is oeeaaidned, 
 t^elievefbyth^vi^Otfrarl^iing from" the water belnj^ condensed 
 imoii visibfe'foi^it^thi eoldiicss ofthoatMkoipkere. Itis pr«^t^ 
 bift^ i$ierefore# fbm «lb two eii>oomstiikcete ftowtnetitiofted, Chit * 
 niitfott had takeirfIiiee^oii|ftheik)«ski meoflag, ptod^inj^fim 
 dM pvessiire by whl^i^%«Miimocls wei«^rdw« op^ ahd flten a 
 partiati separation leaving, for a time, a small space of ipfrozen 
 ^a0i^.''' ' ■ ' • - ■■■■^••^■-' '■• -■-^. -.1.;.. . 
 
 Between six and eight P,iM., wettbsmtd the Aurora Bmrealis^ 
 
 
 :i: 
 
 
 ':.&4 
 
104 
 
 
 t^' 
 
 
 lermia| • bro«d «rth of irregular white light, cxloiding tvm^ 
 N.N. W. to S.8.£., the centre of the arch being ICr to the eastward 
 of the senith. It was moat bright near the aotithcm horizon i and 
 lkeqtient» but not vivid, coruscations were seen siMioting firom ita 
 Uf^r side» towards the zenith. The magnetic needle wa| Mi 
 sensibly affected by this phenomenon. > '<'> 
 
 Between two and three P.M. on the Slst, the weadierbeing^s^ 
 remarltably clear and fine« and the sun near the hcMrizcM, a pariiao 
 lion stnng^y prismatic was seen on each side of it, at the distUMta 
 <^ 83% resembling the legs of a raiidbow resting upon the land. 
 
 On the a6th,the sun afforded na sufficient l^bt for writing and 
 reading in my cabin, *the iitem-windows ezactiy iMing the souths 
 Dram half past nine till half past two; for tiie rest of the feur«and- 
 twenty houm we lived, of course, by candk^Ug^t. t Notiiing could 
 «zceed the beauty of the sky to the south-east and south-west at 
 sutt«rise and sun-set about this period: near the horizon there waa 
 
 Sinerally a rich bluish purple, and a bright arch of deep red above» 
 e one mingling imperceptibly with the other. The waather about 
 this titbe was remarkably mihl, the mercury in thetherasometar 
 having stood at or above zero for more than foi^-eight hours. 
 By a register of tha temperature of the atniosplierey which was 
 liept 1^ Captain Sabiike at the observatcHry, it was found that the 
 th^momcter, invariaUy, stood at least from S" to 5% and even on 
 one or two occasions as much as 7* higher on the outside of tim 
 shtpsi thMi it did on shore, owii^ probiJ^y to awarm Mmesj^ere, 
 created round tile former by the constant fires kept up on bowd. 
 On the S9th the weaker was calm and clear^ and we remarlced, 
 for the first time, that the smoke from the funnek scarcely roM at 
 aU, but skimmed nearly horizonti^y along the hoosingy the th«#- 
 mom<Bter having got down- to — 84**, and the mertuiy in the ba- 
 rometer standing at 81^^70 inches. It now became rather a painM 
 fkpeiiSKtit to touch any metallic substance in the open mr witii 
 the naked hand; tiie feeling produced by it ezactiy resembling that 
 occasioned .1^ the a|iposite extreme of intense heat, and taking off 
 the'diin from the (MUt affected. We found it necessary, therefore, 
 to use great caution in handling our sextants and other instruments^ 
 parfd^wly the eye-paecea of ttie telescopes, which, jf suffered to 
 touch the face, occasioned an intense burning pain; but this was 
 ei^ily remedied by covering them over with wmk Icwther. Ano- 
 ^er effecty with renrd to the use of instruments, began to appear 
 about tl^ tithe* whenever any instrument, which had been sonM» 
 tioM exposed to the atmosi^ere» so as to be cooled down to the 
 same temperatuf^, was suddenly brought below into tiie cabins, tiws 
 tapoiMB was instaatiy condensed all around it, so as to give the in- 
 
 * By i Mateoraloginl laom«l in mj poMtMios, kept at York Fart, Hudtos'ta Bigr, in 
 the f «ar ir^S , it ameMrt tint tltb plieBOBieiMm dM not otmr Ull tlM tl«»rmoiB«tlr iadwiia d w 
 «.teibpe»tnteofilaat--SC*. neteiglttorthelMimiietisiritilotaMiitiMMk 
 
-^^jrr 
 
 nut 
 
 alNcMt inst>nt«ng0»»ly irith a thin coating of ice, the nmamU o|f 
 iNhida Mquin^giMitiwiJtaoa to praimit the risk of fiijoriB§ iliMit 
 iilMU it had flm4ttdly iiuHf4^, at thejr acquiivd the tempexi«||i|Mli 
 the fihiB* Wliini:a candle -was pbu^d in a certain directifiii iM||| 
 *the Intrument, irith reepeot to the obterrcr* a aiunbit ol mti^- 
 nmviitc spkuUg 4ii tmom »nn also seen tpaHding aro^iid nielli** 
 atrament, at ike die^mce of two ot three inches from il» o € iw >w o o e< i | 
 ai«re«ii^pOM(l,^)r die cold |itmo8|dlicre produced by tl|B^|pP4iiN 
 Pfvaturc of the rastr^ment alaioet4aatantaneo(uly congitnj>»K,impr 
 ^bitt form the vi^nr whiclf floated in its immediate aaigWMMr* 
 
 hood* ., ..vs. :^.-'.^, • ■,•-';'# 
 
 . The aumth of I^oiv«mber commenced with mild weatheri;;id||pi8i|l^ 
 6«>9idniaed for the first ten days. It ie gcneralfy sup f ttee d yhji im0- 
 nho hmre not esEfierienced Ine effects firadaccd t^n tho SsdNgs 1^ 
 the vano^s alterations in the temperature of the at m oe yjNw ^ ^hiil 
 the thcrmmncter is bar, that a change of 10* at 15% mahss|M,aii»« 
 sible difference in tiie sensation «f cold ; hnt thfs la by Do ttciin 
 tlm^case, $or it was a iieasark continusUy made aiimng 4|B» 1^ ji^ 
 bodief appeared to adapt tbeasselvfs so neadilf to theiC)Mipt*»'t)M# 
 the acale of our feeisra^ if I may ao cxpreiis k, wasanpi^xadiiaiHl 
 to a lower atandardtdiaii ordinary ; so that, afiter li?ii|gf9i soniii 
 days in a tempcmtuce of «^ l^fi* or ^n- acf « it £Blt, quite pilil Villi. 
 cosnfortable whenthe thennomcter mac-'^zuOf,mdimm.'«f*it*S»'^-> 
 The dill of iKovember Wng the last day that the aupiwm^dy^ 
 dc^iendendy of die effects of refraction, be seeii jsbove ouripiMlil 
 tiil; the 6th of Februaiy, Sn intervsd of ntncty-oiK days, i^ipif * 
 matter of coaaidenble regret to us that the weather aiiout rw 
 time was not suficiendy elear to allow ua ^ see and make tUlmm 
 vations. en the dist^pearance of that lumiinry , in order that toiiiii 
 tidnw Bii||ht brattemptcd towards 4etermii^ the apppuat iif& 
 atmospherical jvfractton at a low temperature. . But, thongli; Ufa 
 were not pcrautted to take a last farewd, for at least tlweaJflMlMI^ 
 of that cheering orb, m of this great world, both eye and soid/* w« 
 nevertheleBs fdt that this day coustituted an importw^ ju id f jl ja wft; 
 raiUe epoch in our voyage* We had,,8ome time btfore,ael tk^ilt 
 the preparations for our wiitt<a-> amusements i and ^ i||Katl9(^ 
 being ready, we opened on the 5th of I^orember, with tht repeit 
 s^tition of ifiM in her Teem., which Afforded to the mfft such J^ 
 lirad of anuistmevyt as folly to juatify thetexpisctH^onl we hii 
 foraied of the utilityof theatmidv^ertaunments under o^preipgll 
 circumstances, and to determine me to foUoW them up ft^Nuj^ 
 paiiods. I foundfindced* that e«en the occupation of ^yihf;i|| 
 tbt dieatre, and taking it to pieces again, which employed %nipilit 
 of the men for a day or two before and after each performancei was 
 ti matter of no Iktle importance, whep the immediate diidini;Jnl^ 
 sh^ appeared by no means sufficielME^for thftt purpose } foii^ldFild* 
 
 O 
 
 f 
 
 .^1 
 
 fjii ■,'■ 
 
f^'S^lfff^f^lfff' 
 
 ••K'-W;V,:' 
 
 f^^^pw^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 106 
 
 <KlllM.w«nt of «mpko7m«nt u one of the wont «vilt that wu liktlr 
 toiiclUut.' ■■ ■ .,• '..'h-a 
 
 4 0» the 6th we tried the temperature of tlie Mft «t the botton« 
 Ijhe^pth being five fethoms, and found it to be 90% whilai that 
 ol4he aiuiace wm ^' and of the air — t6*.^ On the 9th» th^m* 
 fmmm of the bottom wm ae high as 31% the surface being ^1 at • 
 9^..,.^il^ apecific gravity of the surface water was 1.0864, at tha 
 ^ml|m0^»^ of Si% and that of the water brought from the bottom 
 m^l#9 at 50'. On the same evening the weather being fine and 
 clMa'^llie Aurora 3orealis was seen for nearly two hours* fcrn^ing 
 a lungi^ low, irreguhu: arch of light, expending fronr. .:crch to soutS 
 in jhr western miarter of the heavens, its altitude in the centre 
 \i9m^0lorA'' The electrom<ter-chain Was hoisted up to Uie mast* 
 i^UMdf andi its ilower end brought down to the ice, so as to keep it 
 p[^%tly^clear oLall the masts and rigging, which method waa 
 lpid^lhf<P^out the winter } but no sensible effect was produced 
 QRfeil^iigold leaf* It waa tried a second time, after the sky became 
 ^^f. white fleecy clouds, butf with as little success. 
 ti^O&^hfe forenoon of the lltby the thermometer having again fallen 
 t||^«iT<%fi6|f, the smoke, as it escaped from the funnels, scarcely rose 
 .||;aU above the houung. Mr. Ross, haying gone to the mast-head 
 ai noon, reported that he saw the suhi There was no time for 
 milifavillg the altitude, but Lieutenant Beechey, who went up to 
 ol^irve itv considered that about twenty-four minutes of its disk 
 l^qfieaM above the horizon, according to which the amount of 
 iffiic^do would appear to be 3' 09' 05". The temperature of the 
 stmosphere at this time was — 27% and the mercury in lAie baro- 
 nieteii^pod at 30.07 inches. The thermometer having fallen to 
 r**.3t' on the following day, we expected to have seen the siin 
 a|p^, and looked out from the mast-Jhead for that purpose, but it 
 did not re.«ppear. At six P.M. the Aurora Borealis was seen Uk 
 a biio|«BO irregular arch, about 6' high in the centre, extending from 
 ]^«r^4>*N* to 8.b.W., from whence a lew coruscations were vtnir 
 mul ihi^ towards the zenith. From eight rM\:. 
 
 1^1 midnight on the 13th, it was again seen in a aimilar manner from 
 ILW, to^.£.ridie brightest part being in the centre or due south. 
 Qa the 15th, Lieutenant Beechey informed me that he had seen, 
 intthe,N«N.W. and S.£. quarters, some light transparent clouds, 
 J^MnwMfh columns of light were thrown upwards, resembling the 
 ^iirfl^ Borealis; those to the south-east being opposed to a very 
 ^1^1 aky, had a light-brofrn appearance. This phenonlienon waa 
 il^n observed on the 16th, consisting of a bright sutionary light 
 %i>^ $*8. W, to S.b.£., and reaching from the horizon to the heif^t 
 tplrtHPut^ above it. 
 
 s About the time of the sun's leaving us, the wolves began to ap> 
 l^eilieh tilie ships more boldly, howling most piteously on the beach 
 ««^. tie, sometimes for hours together, and, on one or two occa- 
 
 L-l 
 
(fP^A'SfW"'*?'*?*^-"'*''*'^ "f «" 
 
 ruT 
 
 108? 
 
 •lom, coming iloilfiide the shipf , when evcrjr thing «»■ i||tt^tJM|. 
 night i hut we teldiiMn saw more than one or two togethf r» an4yf 
 tdierntfore, could liwrm no idea of theirnumber. These animalf ireil^> 
 idways very sl^ of coming near our people, and, though eiiM^t^ 
 auflTiping much fwm hnnger, never attempted to attack an)r?9i(4^^8% 
 'rhe- white foxes ,used also 10 visit the ships at nighl«#D4^o^;^* 
 tilese (Camt Lag9fm») was Cjsught in a trap set uudajP th«^|g 
 bows. The uneasiness dispbyed by this beautiful vrtt||»t#P»| 
 duting the time of his confinement, whenever he heardilif^|rl|| 
 of a wolf near the shiMt impressed us with an opinioiirit|%|^,t)i^, 
 latter, is in the habit of hunting the fax as his, prey.. 
 
 The rapidi^ with which the ice formed^ round the sh^^- 
 npw become so greats as to employ^our pcfiplefor several, )|iiNUt§ 
 fachdayin cutting it i and for the Itnt tJbrm^ days our iMih^ 
 ^Vr, duping the time of twilight, could scarcely keep it cl^i;*- 
 it was evidcntf therefore, that as the froat increi tsed> w/e coul^i 
 iwnsimy effect UiM, and as the men alm^t 4ways got theik^ 
 wet in sawing the iccrfrom which the most injurious, effect#^;^t|||^; 
 ^ir health were lik«y|y to result, ^ oilers to leave (i^^u^iap^ 
 
 it Miy^ore during thrseverity of the winter. The avi^pgji ^ff; * 
 inatipn of ice round the ship^, during the time ve;;C9i|ein!|U>d ,|ipi 
 tibmove it, was usually from three to five inches ip. tvr^tyrK^^ 
 hours; and once it froze eight inches in twenty*six houra^tfefJAaii 
 <i|mpcratnre of the atmosphere being— 12*. fAtnoononthe S7tJb, 
 ve saw, for the first tinie at this hour, a star.of t|(c#pt n)|igq|^eu||p 
 {Cf^eUa\ and at half an hour past noon, those of, the sec o n d^ tu a g r 
 nitude in Ursa Major were visible ; which circumstance will, p^ 
 hipSf give the best idearof the weakness of the sun's light at ik^ 
 jieriod. At three P.M. a remarkable variety of the Auroim JS^ 
 Tcalis was seen by several of the officers. Having about thiii^Qie 
 been confined for a few days to my cabin by indisposition, I am 
 indebted to Lieutenant Beechy for the following description of it;: 
 »-'> Clouds of a light-brown colour were seen* diveir^g|raiq(i^ A 
 point near the horizon bearing S.W.b.8., and shootuig pei«p;ila>>fiC 
 rays upwards at an angle of about 45* with the horizofi. »>^l|S8e 
 rays, however, were not stationary as to their position, but i^^ 
 occasionally extended and contracted. , From behind these^ as it 
 S4l>peared,to us, flauihes of white light were repeatedly seen, whic^ 
 sometimes stremned across to the. opposite horizon, aomepaMtci^, 
 through the zenith, others at a considerable distance on,each„aM|e 
 of it. This phenomenon continued to display itself br^l!^nUy, par 
 half an hour, vut then became graduE.Uy f)unl»:r till i^ disfitppiarf 4* 
 about four o'clock. The sun, at the time of the first appewnmce of 
 this meteor, was on nearly the same bearing, and about five de- 
 grees, below the horizon." 
 
 ^ The temperature of the atmosphere having, about the- IBlh,^ be- 
 come considembly lower than before, the cracking of the timbers 
 
 I 
 
 (;4 
 3 
 
 ■Gl 
 
 t 
 
 ''^ 
 
 M 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 m 
 
 B * 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 R 
 
 '/?_, 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 $« 
 
 ^m 
 
 ^ 1 
 
m 
 
 imm-' 
 
 getl^ in An hour or t#o ftftef this Ml hid taVMl ^ee' in th» th«f^ 
 A^MIfetti> Mid did not oeeul" ii|Mft it th^ •MK«^«Ni]^)«Vtflir« duHn^ 
 tH iHtitier. The #i«id IlklWiiff fi^eiH fUditf 'ih^ lH>tlhWi»di iriiMf i 
 hMiT iiiow^drift, Midifi thi lAin Vitly till#'*bll01^r •« fHnfithtt 
 li|tadir«|id other VapOiif MCii«^kt6d dur)i%im«' dttht in th^lMd* 
 ^ ' 'ibd UpM <he beitttv, arid thfltl i<ntti«d$kf^ f^2« : h0ne« if 
 fited idl liitfids fof t'^o ^ tlf»6^ h«ftii« ik^ 
 kt awajr, in ofd«<> to pttteat the be^diti|f fH>M bi£«m*^ 
 ,^tbtiticte»wi tit tHh^tHttiift OtciMii^A^ Wfthk UttM, It 
 lAjdieiefore fottfld ni^titaifft^fie^tpit^k^ilit^iteiitibmfeHt 
 dislv'iif nighty ^en the'ifi«»nloih«t«i' Wii*l t>eloW-v ir oi: ^ iio* 
 eiit, eipedillV Whe'ib th« Whkd Wfti m^jhi T* Miiit III' 
 rionrei' cU6!^<#alrtii, M ^i^A ^'t&¥e%ittAi ift Miil« «n|;lll 
 ^fl^thrlbrtilMidii 6'F1)^'Mliediit«if MtOMtitC With th^kt^ri*^ 
 1^,^^ bMikM' the^Mo# Up iigahidt • th^f iideft^ if N}|(h M th^ 
 ' niiii ) Kiid eMv»iiid^^i)t( Wef^ ftMikd l^lMd ill <lie Il)lldf4 
 tl^htlowtt^-deijki;-^^ •'■■'■ //'••. r.T- , , ■., ,,7r, 
 
 f.^||r« of the secoitd Migdiiiide ih 'dnM M^(»r wtk Tii# 
 I^Ckpiii^totliltl naked ^y«k little if^^tjlb^b!^l*' day'^iAd th^' 
 
 ^i^i^ittte^aii* itif^ai^d lUihtit'ih iihefi^ kt iAmv 
 
 Jitb^i^i %ime out^ tnedleal getltleMetl beph fO riUiark th6 W 
 tifipr^ciiK)^ With nrhltl^ ^btts of el^el^ klhd hfcttl«d ; k dl^cltiAi^ 
 stit^is Hiit t-e«d<^^d it ttte moi% neeeMkit ^^ eini^otlk In 6*po0- 
 iM0m WH^ tii 'Irdii-^ii^, lest the ion^ m^M^ Md Want of «k<it^ 
 clW^f i^#g i%« by^ of «oi-e'f Ml oth^r i^eitk^^^Mlkgivi^oilid ^ 
 d#« ikl^iw efffeaii ttJiOrf'thtJ freheral hekRH^WWie Jiitlfe^^ ■ ^ ' 
 
 ^ifWtfi Midnight, bUm^somi tin two o'eibttk^ch^ fdlteWlkf 
 ilii^ikg, ihie^thetn^biMafef jliditi fmm^ ktfd a« failW 
 
 pti0l^mi i^isi^mm6n fiH^m the norihWRfd, whlfeh eoneittued'td^ 
 b|ife,' kdtf the thM4to(M^ tiH th^ lattef hkd^ 
 
 reiel^^4ei^ilt''kt hiidttlght.' ThB Wiit on6'oFi kt^kt th^ny itnltitt^ 
 clkfwhiV'oeaitVdd'diiHng^ thfe WlWtef, of ah itib^^ of Wind, A-dffi 
 Wiit|Wtttikttt^^b liii^ in^ W 
 
 tf^§ii^^e&r. Th# t«fr^ ifionti^nied itlUn^ fOf- the ^r^lMr pmW 
 tl^^o'feHoWi<ir^darfiv With k tHerti^taddUs liioW^fif^, WWt* kiip\i^ 
 v^iSi^miMrdm the t^ernbic^n Of the t3d. ih the Urit^kti tiHto^ 
 attothii' pla3r hkd h\r^h'])^aWd, ^nd oiir 6^hd teffof^b^; l« 
 ^!b1i the ti^Wii hadlh^eiikkiibfis^ldokhilt fb^ 
 ibistvp^0tifihes4Ak^ ' ■•■■'■-'''''•'""■- ■'■.■■■■' 
 
 ^liet^Hi&ttjfcyaturfe of the ahlt^' hold«, at ^14 ilM^, Waft k^ner^j^ 
 f^ar ttr d4*, the kfti»liik^ bei% klWt^'iiyii Wki-fiit<ft«J khd'# 
 cbk^ilji^^ tti^kkititv of the> befer was fbtihd frdeiti Ik m'tiMkm 
 T)i6thkrtkOkiett^«eUidiritbse^ higher th^h ^cy^'^n the loWtfi^deekf 
 thrpn^ot the day. Qp the 26th in thf 4ibtt^ing, sbttte vifB 
 cbitucttoabf the AtirotkBc^klis Were ottkefVcdf^kiS, tt)N.W., 
 
100 
 
 teMlh.. ■' ;■'' '' ■' ■■^i<»< ■''* '■ ■ • ''' .ii< ■■ ■ ' iwjir. •■ S}>-^r->« 
 
 ^'^fiifty ki iIm flieffiw^ii t>f tb« <ltcb# i:««tii^ Sibin* ^bifnri^Wt 
 HMn metMr fUl^tyilM'grobodiiii th<r W. hy Wv^ wot t|i ipi i i f U^ 
 ittotii thM k hiiM dlitihtt It fell Oairlfy with r faim wMm Um 
 wfikh iflOftMid CMsidet-ably M if sppnoached th«;««rt& ; Wlwtt 
 fiVlt «eiil, Iff fa«i||hf W*« about •* of l(f , tad th«'diMMDt opt^^elMd 
 psttMndlcilkiy^iorMartf to. Tb« atdioi|>hero aii thit' tioMt vinaim 
 markably clear. Soon after the moon rose this afteraoen^ il tNit 
 ewioittlf dcfofllMNi by rtfractkw, the )6wtt edgea df ^ttadial^ «p- 
 |Wiri«r>1iidiMt«d #iUi dMp nofckea, tod at other Unci *cbbiv 
 mir to i»<tiNroil siiitiire at the botlom#' A shigk vpf^ be>railnra 
 eaibdiif iif>^4tght^ df tha Mme dlamoMraa iht mooii) #a«aifoi)b» 
 MnrK^ to'dMetffid firam it to the top of the hlU^ like • piDari ao|i» 
 pdniii» Iti On lAite and the two toUiowing stghta^ weivere otu 
 rapi«fcf ftvtn ilVe 10 Mven houm in taking lunar diataaceain the 
 
 rifliff the tftenllotAeter being from *<m 34^ to-^36T.< ^Thia^e 
 without any matavlal incodvcntence^ at hxif $» this weather 
 continued leatffl or nuiiify so { but with a mti^erate breezcf it^Mon 
 btl:aa^e foo paittHul to handle tho acrewa of th^ aettant^ ^liadyv 
 Ai\k\tf ofmaking observations itk this dimata is not, hoi#etery con» 
 flaed to the i«nsatioft of eold proddcedby handling tha i^sttit mchta^ 
 or by standing still for several hours together at so lowa'tempento' 
 koft f btft it is^alto ike^eMttry to hold the breath Very^oU'efttlly thir- 
 iff»fhi<^ihe of iftaklntf' the^baerracioif rforif the Ictit Vapour be 
 itll^tl^ to moudt thefftstrumeii^ hi is immediately eoriverted iinfo 
 a ooan ^f Dsev ^hitlk' diihs the glat^cs, and renders the imitiiiunieht 
 fmai»^lc«fiibla till tha ie& hflb been thawed^ and <thtr inatrumene 
 thorottgihly d^an«d. > 0ur sattanta were si»mewhai injured^ iar^a 
 aokl weaihef, by lfee<6Meking of the silver on thehotizon andinV 
 das glaMts, atl^ittg^'M we supposedr from the unequal conttvctiod 
 Of dte two aubitaneas. The mercury of the artificiid horiaool 
 A>0l&e Into asolSd mass as we were ob«enritt|f the moon^idtitude 
 iti itt althoiigh the thermometer on ahore indicated only ^^i^aft*^ 
 This Was probably owing to the mercury having become adultorat* 
 ed by admixture with the lead <^ the troughSf which diapOaed it 
 to coital ai a highar temperature thantche fraezing point of pbre 
 
 mercury. *»-■•*' -;;-■-■■ ■Urr^■l^y^ ' :v . ;.- n^^-iri^' 
 
 At half-pair six FiM;, on the lat of December, part of a cinru- 
 lat halo, wiloAi radtbs was 23** ^S', wat observed round the mooni 
 whieh was near the fbH. Part Of a wett'defined horiiiontal circle 
 of white light, paisiag through the moon, extended also for aeveral 
 d«greea Ott eaeh side of bar, and in the points where thik circle in* 
 tctaect«d the hato^ were two prismatic spots of light, oirparaaelciuB» 
 in that pan of Uie halo which was immediately over themoon, waa 
 aaoth^f spot much brighter } and oppoaite to tt» in the loiwer part 
 Of thedrdie, another similar|bttt machmora faint About the aama 
 
 'h 
 
 i* 
 
 vJ 
 
 H 
 
110 
 
 tifB% wtlM foOowing tvwing, twocoBMiMrie cInIm wm* ^ 
 «tftir«d rvHind the nooa, the radiut of the aftjilicr being 3g*, tad of 
 tb# hurger 46*. Upon the Inner eirde were fotirpinMckniB, ttrongb 
 l^pflHMtiCf titoit^d with feipect to the mono ■» on the preetding 
 4tiyi Mii there wm elto. n farnt horizontal circle of wniie li|^ 
 nnieing throQ^'h the nloon m before. The weather waeinc^i 
 Dodi umie li^uicet, but there wat ttill a sort of hai»neaa Ui tht 
 ntMoephere which prevented the heavenly bodiee being veiy dt^ • 
 tinctfy'eeen.- - ■ • ,•.•-*!» /■■■!' 
 
 On the iOdi, at two P.M., Captain Sabine obeerved ntnMdl Mm* 
 teer fall in the direction of N.N.W. from thethipe, •inilarlftcha'^ 
 metir and appearance to that teen on the Mth of Nnveonber, «t« 
 cipt that the light wan not so vivid, and it'waa e^tingiiiahedr ili^ 
 atrad of ^burning more fiercely, before it reached the earth. Abottt 
 ^Stm time we were a good deal annoyed for some daya together bjr 
 lile thermometer continuing higher than uaualt t^ wind being 
 Irom me E.S.£.y which caused a considerable degtvt of dampneta 
 hetween deelcs, in consequence of the ice thawing in eveky crevien 
 <#here it could not readily be removed in any other way. Thia 
 annojrance could only be got rid of by constant wiping, andhy in* 
 a«aung^e fires for the time : bu^ when the thermometer fell to 
 15* or to* below zero» it again became solid, and cease4 toba an 
 hiieonvenience.' .- - 
 
 ., On the 14ch of December, the day was beautifully eerene ai^ 
 dear, and there waa more redness in the southern slcv about tooon, 
 than there had been for many days before ; the tints, in<Medt might 
 dmost be cdled prismatic. At six P.M., the Aurora Bqrealia 
 was seen, forming twd concentric arches, passing from die western 
 hortxon on each side of the zenith to within 30* of the oppoaim 
 horizon^ resting <hi a dark cloud about seven degrees high, frnni 
 behind^which the light appeared to issue,, and partially streamii% 
 fipmn die cloud td the zenith. No eflect was produced by it on 
 the electrbmeter or the magnetic needle. The appearance! have 
 just described of the light seeming to issue from behind an obscure 
 cloud, is- a very common one t it is not always, however, easy- to 
 tell whether any cloud really exists, or whether the appearance is 
 a deception arising from the vivid light of the Aurora being con- 
 trasted with the darker colour of the sky near it. 
 
 On the'l7di, in the morning, this phenomenon was agdn ob- 
 aerved, being a stationary fuot light from S.W. to W.8. W^- The 
 breeze freshened up string from the eastward, and the thermome- 
 ter graduidly rosev as usual, till at four P.M. it had reached zeroy 
 being the fifit time that it had stood so high since the 5th of No- 
 iN»tiben '* The water in the Hecla-s pump-well had, by this timey 
 become completely frozen, so that it was no longer possiJUe to wor^ 
 the pumps, in What manner the pumps could be kept free und<«r 
 such drcomstances, if it were found necessary, I do not know, as 
 
tltart wpttld h»n Imm • risk of damagiog the lowtr put «f ditMy 
 ia dHaching the ic4 from it to malie the cxperiaent. Tht UMla. 
 bowsver, WM to tight m not to require it } m • proof of fihicllH 
 need only be mcntioiied, that the tame twenty inches of ico vhMl 
 «M formed about thia period, remained without any addltiqli^ 
 mbK9 than els oftMitha, during which time she was never oihni 
 pumped out f and the only inconvenience Uiat retulted from thi4 
 was the accumulation of a small Quantity of ice among the coala it 
 the lower part of die fore and mam holds. 
 
 About this part of the winter, we began to experience a man wdtt 
 lious inconvenience from the bursting of the lemon-juica bottlta 
 1^: frost, the whole contento being frequently frozen into • aoll4 
 msas, except a small |>ortion of highly-concentrated acid In dM can* 
 
 St^^.whichf in most .instances, was found to have leaked oav M 
 \% when the ice was thawed, it was little better than wat«r» Tldb 
 «viL increased to a very alarming degree in ^e course of the wla* 
 ter: some cases being opened in which more than two-thlrdaMNt 
 the lemon-juice was thus destroyed, and the remainder re^riA 
 nearly inefficient. It was at first supposed that this accident miriit 
 have been prevented by not quite filling the bottles, but U waa 
 afterwards touhd, that the corks flying out did not save than fiwtf 
 breaking. We observed that the greatest damage was done i» 
 Ihose cases which were stowed nearest to the ship's side, anl w% 
 therefore, removed all the rest amidshiM, a precaution whfob^ had 
 it been sooner known and adopted, would probably have praveatad, 
 at least, a, part of the mischief. The vinegar, also, becaoie frotiH 
 in the casks in the same manner, and lost a great d«ial of ita acidi- 
 ty when thawed. This circumstances conferred an additional 
 value on a few gallons of very highly concentrated vinegar* which 
 had. been sent out on trial, upon this and the preceding voyage, and 
 which» when mixed with six or seven times its own quatttity of 
 water* was sufficiently acid for every purpose. , This vinegar, when 
 exposed ^ the temperature of 25* below zero* congealed^only into 
 a consistence like that^ of the thickest honey, but was never au^ 
 fioiently hard to break any vessel which contained it. Thew can 
 be.no doubt, therefore, that on this account, as well at to save 
 stowage, this kind of vinegar should exclusively be used in these 
 regions ; and, for similar reasons, of stiU greater impoirtance* the 
 lemoo-iuice should be concentrated. 
 
 On the 19th, the weather being fine and clear, the Aurora B»> 
 realis appeared frequently at different times of the day« generallv 
 from the south to the W.N.W. quarters, and not very vivid. From 
 eight P.M. till midnight, hoiyever, it became more brilUant, apd 
 broke out in every part of the heavens,.heing generalfy most bri^ 
 from .8.8. W. to.S. W., where it h^d the appearance of emaromg 
 from behind a dark cloud about five degrees above the hoi4zmi» 
 We could not, however, help ieeling. some IdjaappoifOiment in nol 
 havrag yet witnessed this beautiful pheaomenon in any degree of 
 
 1 
 
 
 In 
 
 \ \ 
 
 
112 
 
 
 ptHbetiom «rtilcli €o«ld lit conpared to thtt w^hmtmn m IImc 
 mi^^rin the iUtuCic absiit A« mum latitadc m thcM idandt* 
 On tlMotonifaMor thetodi, 4m Aaron BmwIU •gftk «uid« in 
 mmmmc n tm OK N.W., wMck wm mmw m the aonliwwd thm 
 •Mud} it Imit rcMMbltd cm MMdl bright cIomU, the om mm^ 
 touthiwthe odier, and behig ifcottt Mvcn dtrnmntkov tha h6> 
 riseo* TheM mnttined qnit« ttntionMry lor hdKnn honr,«ndtlitn 
 broke up into •trtams shooting mpidl^ towards th« onnith. 
 
 We had now reached the thorteet day (Dec. gBd),and sueh was 
 the oeonation which we had hitherto contrived to find during the 
 first halt of our long and gloomy winter, that the aiiicicnese with 
 wUeh it had come upon us was a enbject of general remaifc. 80 
 bit^ indeed, were we from wanting that occupation of which I had 
 baes«pptehensive,espcclally among the men, that it accidentallf 
 ciiie to my knowledge, about thie period, that ihejr comphuned of 
 ■at havfaBg time to mend their dochcs. This complaint I was aa 
 jjiad t» hear, as desirous to wctify { and I therefore ordered that, in 
 mxuk, one afternoon in each vieek ahould be set mide fpr that par- 
 iftinlarpin'poee. 
 
 The dreumetances of our situation being such as have never 
 before 4)eeurred to the ewws of any of his majesty's ships, it may 
 not, nMtiiqM» be considered wholly unintereetiog to know in iHint 
 manner our time was thus so fully occupied throughout the lon|[ 
 and severe winter, wiiich it was our lot to experience, and parti- 
 Cttiai4y during a three moMi'e interval of nearly total daikneae* 
 
 Tlie ofikers and quarter'^masters were divided into four watehes, 
 
 ider of the 
 ; undUsturb- 
 both 
 decks mvve wcU rubbed with Mones and warm sand before «igbt 
 «/clp(9c,«(t which time, as usual at eea, both oflicers and men w«ht 
 to bfetdcfost. Hiree quarters of an hour being allowed after break- 
 Cut for the nMtt to prepare diemselves for muster, we then heat to 
 ^visions pwnctuaUy at a quarter past nine, when every person on 
 bowrd attended on the quarter-deck, and a strict inspection of the 
 mnn took place, as to their personal cleaaliness, and tht good con- 
 ^^tibn, aa wte& as sufficient warmth, of their dothing. The reports 
 of thenfibers having been made to me, Uie peo^e were then d- 
 lowed to walk about, or, more usually, to run round the nnpar 
 dock, while I wem down to examine the atate of that below, ac- 
 eompaniedt as I before mentioned, by Lieutenant Beeohey and Mr. 
 lid wards. The stiite of this dede ma^jr be said, indeed, to have 
 oonstituted «he chief aource of our anxiety, and to have occupied 
 hjp^for'Ae greatest share of our attention at this period. When<^ 
 ever imy diumpness appeared, or, whit more frequently happened, 
 any aeenmulailon of ice taking place during the preceding night, 
 the neeeiaaif«aaMlrei« immediately adopted »» removing it; 
 
113 
 
 .A.,^ Su^iL^i^ 
 
 in Ihe former case uiuaOy by rubbing the wood with clothi, and 
 then directing the warm uir-pipc towards the place^} and in the 
 latter, by scraping off the ice so as to prevent its wetting the deck 
 by any accidental increase of temperature. In this respect the 
 bedopfaces were particularly troublesome ; the inner partition, or 
 that next the ship's side, being almost invariably covered with 
 more or less dampness or ice» according to the temperature of the 
 deck during the preceding nisht. This inconvenience might to 
 a great degree have been avoided, by a sufficient quantity of fuel 
 to keep up two good fires on the lower deck, throughout the twen- 
 
 X-four hours ; but our stock of coab would by no means permit 
 is, bearing in mind the possibility of our spending a second win- 
 ter within Uie Arctic circle } and this comfort could only, there- 
 fore, be allowed on a few occasions, during the most severe part 
 of the winter. 
 
 In the course of my examination of the lower deck, I had al-, 
 ways an opportunity of seeing those few men who were on the 
 sick list, and of receiving from Mr. Edwards a report of their res- 
 pective cases i as also of consulting that gentleman as to the meana 
 of improving the warmth, ventilation, and general comfort of the 
 inhabited parts of the ship. Having performed this du^f we re- 
 turned to the upper deck, where I personally inspected the men ( 
 after which they were sent out to walk on shore when the weather 
 would permit, till noon, when they returned on board to their din- 
 ner. When the day was too inclement for them to take this exer- 
 cise, they were ordered to run round and round the deck, keeping 
 step to a tune on the organ, or, not unfrequently, to a song of their 
 own singing. Among the men were a few who did not at first 
 quite like this systematic mode of taking exercise ; but when they 
 round that no plea, except that of illness, was admitted as an ex- 
 ciise, they not only willingly and che;rfuUy complied, but made it 
 the occasion of much humour and f .coi;c among themselves, v 
 
 The officers, who dined at two o'clock, ti^ere also in the habit of 
 occupying one or two hours in the middle of the day in ramblins 
 on shore, even in our darkest period* except when a fresh wind 
 and a heavy snow-drift confined them within the housmg of the 
 ships. It may be well imagined that at this period there was but 
 little to be met with in our walks on shore^ which could either 
 amuse or interest us. The necessity of not exceeding the. limited 
 distance of one or two miles, lest a •now-drift, which often rises 
 very suddenly, should prevent our return, added considerably tp 
 the dull and tedious monotony which, day after day, presented iU 
 self. To the southward was the sea, covered with one unbroken 
 surface of ice, uniform in its dazzling whiteness* except that, in 
 some parts, a few hummocks were seen thrown up somewhat above 
 the general leveL Nor did the land offer much ipreater variety, be- 
 ing almoat entirely covered witib snow» except here and there a 
 
 P 
 
114 
 
 brown patch of bare ground in tome exposed situations, where the 
 wind had not allowed the snow to remain. When viewed Arom the 
 summit of the neighbouring hilb, on one of those calm and clear 
 days, which not unfrequently occurred durine the winter, the scene 
 was such as to induce contemplations, which had* perhaps, more 
 of melancholy than of any other feeling. Not an object was to be 
 seen on which the eye could long rest with pleasure, unless when 
 directed to the spot where the ships lay, and where our little co- 
 lony was planted. The smoke which there issued from the seve- 
 ral fires, affording a certain indication of the presence of man, gave 
 a partial cheerfulness to this^oart of the prospect; and the sound 
 of voices which, during the cold weather, could be heard at a much 
 greater distance than usual, served now and then to break the si- 
 lence which reigned around ua» a silence far difTerent from that 
 peaceable composure which characterises the landscape of a citld- 
 vated country ; it was the death-like stillness of the most dreary 
 desolation, and the total absence of animated existence. Such, in- 
 deed, was the want of objects to afford relief to the eye, or amuse- 
 ment to the mind, that a stone of more than usual size appearing 
 above the snow, in the direction in which we were going, imme- 
 diately became a mark, on which oi'.r eyes were uncoasciously 
 fixed, and towards which we mechanically advanced. 
 
 Dreary as such a scene must necessarily be, it could not, how- 
 ever, be ssttd to be wholly wantinip; in iiMereat, especially when as^ 
 sociated in the mind widbi the peculiarity of our sitOatiMi, the ob- 
 ject whick had brought u& liCther, and thei hopes which tbt least 
 sanguine among us amnctimea entertained, of speadiw a part of 
 our next inntef in tbemore ga»ial climate of the South<#eiiislaBCb. 
 vPerhajn, too, though none of us then ventured to confess it, ^ur 
 ^UMight| would sometimes involuntarily wamikr homewards, >i^ 
 instittite a comparimn bHwecn the ruraed face of nature in Uiis 
 desolate regioQ, and die Uvelier aspect of the happy land which we 
 had left behind us. 
 
 We had frequent occasion, io our Walks on shore, to remark l^e 
 deception wh^ch takes place in estimating the distance and magni- 
 tude of objects, when viewed over an unvaried surface of sdow. 
 Jt was not uncommQU fior'ua fo direct owe steps towards what we 
 took to be a lar^ mass of stone, at the distance of half 9 mile 
 from us, but which we were able to take up in our hands after one 
 minute's walk. This was nu>re particularly the case when ascend- 
 ing the brow of a bill, nor did we find that the deception became 
 less, on account of the frequency with whkh we experienced itis 
 effects. .- , \ , ■'# ■' . 
 
 In the aiWmoon the men were usually occu|^ed in d1ra#ing^ and 
 knottmg yarns, aiMl in making points and gaskcits ; a never-failing 
 resource, where is^re occupatiou is required, and which it was ne- 
 cessary to perform entirely on the lower d«ck, the y«ms becomhsg 
 
• 
 
 115 
 
 so hard and britde, when exposed on deck to the temperature of 
 the atmosphere, as to be too stifF for working, and very easily bro- 
 Jcen. I may in this place remark* that our lower rigging became 
 extremely slack during the severity of the winter, and gradually 
 tightened again as the spring returned ; effects the very reverse of 
 those which we had anticipated, and which I can only account for 
 by the extreme dryness of the atmosphere in the middle of winter, 
 and the subsequent increase of moisture. 
 
 At half-past five in the evening, the decks were cleared up, and 
 at six we again beat to divisions, when the same examination of 
 the men and of their births and bed-places took place as in the 
 morning; the people then went to their supper, and the officers to 
 tea. After this time the men were permitted to amuse themselves 
 as they pleased, and games of various kinds. Ah well as dancing 
 and singing occasionally » went on upon the lower deck till nine 
 o'clock* when they went to bed* and their lights were extinguished. 
 In order to guard against accidents by fire, where so many fires 
 and Hghts were necessarily in use, the quarter-mastera visited the 
 lower deck every half hour during the night, and made their re- 
 port to the officers of the watches that all was, in this respect, safe 
 below ; and to secure a ready supply of water in case of fire, a hole 
 was cut twice a day in the ice, close alongside each ship. It is 
 scarcely necessary to add, that the evening occupations of the offi- 
 cers were of a more rational kind than those which engaged the- 
 attention of the men. Of these* reading and writing were the 
 principal employments* to which were occasionally added a game 
 at chess, or a tune on the flute or violin, till half-past ten, about 
 which time we all retired to rest. 
 
 Such were the employments which usually occupied us for six 
 days in the week, with such exceptions only as dircumstances at 
 the time suggested. On Sundays, divine service was invariably 
 performed, and a sermon read on board both ships ; the prayer 
 appointed to be daily used at sea being altered, so as to adapt it 
 to the service in which we were engaged, the success which had 
 hitherto attended our efforts* and the peculiar circumstances under 
 which we were at present placed. The attention paid by the men 
 to the observance of their religious duties, was such as to reflect 
 upon them the highest credit, and tended in no small degree M the 
 preservation of that regularity and good conduct, far which, with 
 very few exceptions, Uiey were invariably distinguished. 
 
 Our theatrical entertainments took place regulai^ once a fort- 
 night, and continued to prove a source of infinite amusement to 
 thejAien. Our stock of plays was so scanty, consisting only of 
 one^ two volumes, which happened accidenjidly to be on board, 
 that it was with difficulty we could find the means of varying the 
 performances sufficiently ; our authors, therefore, set to work, and 
 produced, as a Christmas piece, a musical entertainment, expressly 
 
 »l 
 
 !f 
 
 If 
 
 /J 
 
 > 
 
 pi 
 
 P 
 
 i i\ 
 
116 
 
 adapted to our audience, and having such a reference to the ler- 
 vice on which we were engaged, and the success we^had so far ex- 
 perienced, as at once to afford a high degree of present recreation, 
 and to stimulate, if possible, the sanguine hopes which were enter- 
 tained by all on board, of the complete accomplishment of our en- 
 terprise. We were at one time apprehensive, that the severity of 
 the wekther would have prevented the continuance of this amuse- 
 ment, but the perseverance of the officers overcame every difficulty ; 
 and, perhaps for the first time since theatrical entertainments were 
 invented, more than one or two plays ^ere performed, on board the 
 Hecla, with the thermometer below zero on the stage. 
 
 The North Georgia Gazette^ which I have already mentioned, 
 was a source of great amusen^ent, not only to the contributors, but 
 to those who, from diffidence of their own talents, or other reasons, 
 could not be prevailed on to add their mite to the little stock of 
 literary composition, which was weekly demanded ; for those who 
 declined to write were ncit unwilling to read, and more ready to 
 triticise than those who wielded the pen ; but it was that good-hu- 
 moured sort of criticism that could not give offence. The subjects 
 handled in this paper were, of course, various, but generally ap- 
 plicable to our own situation. Of its merits or defects it will not 
 be necessary for me to say any thing here, as I find that the officers, 
 who were chiefly concerned in carrying it on, have agreed to print- 
 it for the entertainment of their friends ; the publisher being at li;- 
 berty, after supplying each with a certain number of copies, to dis- 
 pose of the rest. 
 
 The return of each successive day had been always very deci- 
 dedly marked by a considerable twilight for some time about noon, 
 that on the shortest dtiy being sufficient, to enable us to walk out 
 very comfortably for nearly two hours. There was usually, in 
 clear weather, a beautiful arch of bright red light, overspreading 
 the southern horizon for an hour or two before and after noon, the 
 light increasing, of course, in strength, as the sun approached the 
 meridian. Short as the day now was, if indeed any part of the 
 twenty-four hours could properly be called by that name, the reflec- 
 tion of light from the snow, aided occasionally by a bright moon, 
 was at all times sufficient to prevent our experiencing, even under 
 the most unfavourable circumstances, any thing like the glcomy 
 night which occurs in more temperate climates. Especial care 
 was taken, during the time the sun was below the horizon, to pre- 
 serve the strictest regularity in the time of our meals, and in the 
 various occupations which engaged our Attention during the day j 
 and this, together with the gradual and imperceptible mann|r in 
 which the days had shortened, prevented this kind of life, so novel 
 to us in reality, from appearing very inconvenient, or indeed like 
 any thing out of the commdn way. It must be confessed, how- 
 p\tr, that we were not sorry to have arrived|l|^ without any serious 
 
117 
 
 suffering, at the shortest day ; and we watched, with no ordinary 
 dcffree of pleasuret the slow approach of the returning siin. 
 
 We had generally found the ice to crack near the shore» as I 
 have already had occasion to observe, about the second day after 
 the new and full moon, in consequence of the highest tides taking 
 place at that time ; but this was not the case in the present lunation ; 
 the separation of the ice from the beach not having taken place tiU 
 the 22d, or five days and eight hours after the time of the new 
 moon. This retardation of the tides may, perhaps, have arisen 
 from the circumstance of the moon and sun having both had their 
 greatest south declination about the usual time of the highest spring- 
 tide. It may possibly have been affected also by fresh gales from 
 the eastward, which blew on the 17th and 18th. 
 
 On Christmas day the weather was raw and cold, with a con- 
 siderable snow-drift, though the wind was only moderate from the 
 N.W. ; but the snow which falls during the severe winter of this 
 climate is composed of spiculae so extremely minute, that it re- 
 quires very little wind to raise and carry it along. To mark the 
 day in the best manner which circumstances would permit, divine 
 service was performed on board the ships ; and I directed a small 
 increase in the men's usual proportion of fresh meat as a Christ- 
 mas-dinner, as well as an additional allowance of grog, to drink the 
 health of their friends in England. The officers also met at a so- 
 cial and friendly dinner, and the day passed with much of the same 
 kind of festivity by which it is usually distinguished at home ; and, 
 to the credit of the men be it spoken, without any of that disorder 
 by which it is too often observed by seamen. A piece of English 
 roast-beef, which formed part of the officer's dinner, had been oti 
 board since the preceding May, and preserved without salt during 
 that period, merely by the antiseptic properties of a cold atmos- 
 phere. 
 
 Between eight and nine A.M. on the 26th, the wind freshened 
 up very suddenly to a strong breeze from the northward and west- 
 ward, and during that hour the thermometer rose from — 20° to 
 —6% In the afternoon the wind became moderate and variable 
 in its direction, and the thermometer had again fallen to — 17° at 
 midnight, and continued to fall very gradually for the four follow- 
 ing days, till on the 30th it had reaoied ■— 43% being the lowest 
 temperature we had yet experienced. During the whole of that 
 interval the weather was neariy calm, and very fine and clear, and 
 at half past seven A.M. on the 30th, the me^< nry in the barometer 
 stood at 30.755 inches, being the highest we ' i yet seen it during 
 the^oyage. The colours of the southern & j near the horizon 
 were observed to be remarkably prismatic at noon on ^at day. 
 
 A great many frost-bites occurred about this time, principally in 
 the men's feet, even when they had been walking, quickly on shore 
 for exercise. On examining their boots,* Mr. Edwards remarked, 
 
 ■A 
 
 <■■" 
 
 il 
 
 A 
 
 
 '■>' ©Pis 
 
118 
 
 that the stiflheM of the thick leather, of whidi they were made, 
 was such aa to cramp the feet, and prevent the circulation from 
 going on freely, and that this alone was sufficient to account for 
 their feet having been frost-bitten. Being very desirous of avoid- 
 ing these accidents, which, from the increased sluggishness with 
 which the sores healed, were more and more likely to affect the 
 general health of the patients by long confinement, 1 directed a 
 pair of canvas boots* Imed with blanketing, or some other woollen 
 stuffy to be made for each man, nsing raw hide as soles ; this conv 
 pletely answered the desired purpose, aa scarcely any fros:t-bite8 
 in the feet afterwards occurredy except under circumstances of 
 very severe exposure. 
 
 On the 3l8t of December, another striking instance occurred of 
 the simultaneovi rise in the wind and the thermometer* At two 
 A.M. the latter stood at — S8% but the wind freshening up to m 
 Strang breeze from the nordiward and eastward, and afterwards 
 from the S.S.E. in the course of the day, the thermometer gradual^* 
 ly rose at the same ume, and stood at ^- 5* at midnight ; thus clos- 
 ing the year with milder weather than we had enjoyed for the 
 d^t preceding weeks. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Jfirst J^fftariumt of 3cur^-~the Jiurora BonaU$ and other Jt&UO' 
 roU^^tA PJmomena—Pmtt of fAe Wolves— Be-appearance (^ the 
 Su%fm.Mhctreme low Tanperature^—Deetrwiiion (^tne Ebuse on Shore 
 hy Fire^r'^P'* P^**'^^'9 oecasimud hfi this Jceident, 
 
 ' THE mild weather with which the new year commenced was 
 not of long duration $ for, as the wind gradually moderated, the 
 thermomieter slowly fell once more to the average temperature of 
 the atmosphere at this season. The quantity of snow which had 
 fidlen at^ii^ime was so sm^l, that its general depth on shore did 
 not exceed one or two inches, except wnere it had drifted into the 
 ravines and hollows. At ten A.M., on the 1st, a hdo, whose 
 radios vhts 32° 30\ with three paraselene, which were very lumi»> 
 otM, but not tinged wi^ the prismatic colours, was seen aboig the 
 moon> aimihnr to that described on the 1st of December ; and on 
 the following day the same phenomenon occurred, with the addi- 
 tion W» vertical stripe of white light proceeding from the upper 
 imd lower limbs of tho»moon, and forming, with a part of the hori- 
 
 ^■ ; ."«.M y *"' 
 
119 
 
 zontal circle seen beforif the appearance of a cross. »Thtre was 
 also at times an arc of another circle touching the halo^ which 
 sometimes reached almost to the zenith, and chimged the urtensity: 
 of its light very, frequentljr, not unlike the Aurora Borealit. 
 
 I received this morning the first unpleasant report of the scurvy 
 having made its appearance among us : Mr. ScaUon, the gunner of 
 the Hecla» had for some days past been complaining of pains in 
 his legs, which Mr. Edwards at first took to be rheumatic, but 
 which, together with the appearance of his gums, now left no^ 
 doubt of the sjrmptoms being scorbutic. It is so uncommon a 
 thing for this disease to make its first appearance amodg the of- 
 ficers> that Mr. Edwards was naturally curious to inquire into the 
 cause of it ; and at length discovered that Mr. Scallon's bedding 
 was in so damp a state, in consequence of the deposit of moisture 
 in his bedi-place> which I have before mentioned^ as to lesive no 
 doubt that to this circumstance, as the immediate exciting causey 
 his illness might justly be attributed. The difficulty of preventHig 
 this deposit of moisture, and the consequent accumulattoa d ice» 
 was much greater in the officers' bcd^places than in those of the 
 mea» in ccmquence of the former bein^ necessarily pltMted In close 
 contact with the ship's sides, and formmg an immediate communi- 
 cation, as it were, with the external atmosphere ; whereas, in the 
 latter, there was a vacant interval of eighteen inches in width in- 
 terposed between them. To prevent, as much as possible, there- 
 fore, the ii^urious effects of this evil upon the health of the offi- 
 cers, I appointed certain days for the u?ing of their bedding by the 
 fires, as well as for that of the ships' companies. 
 
 Every attention was paid to Mr. Scallon's case by the medical 
 {"Mltiemen, and all our anti-scorbutics were put in requisition for 
 His recovery: these consisted principally of preserved vegetable 
 soaps, lemon-ji|ice, and su|^r, pickles, preserved currants and 
 gooseberries, anid si»iice«beer. I began alsc about tl^s time to 
 raise a smi^ qttantity of mustard and treSs in my cabin, in small 
 • shallow boxes filled with mould, and placed along the stovc«pipe; 
 by these means, even in the severity of th« winter,: we ooi:dd gene- 
 ndly ensure ti c^op at ^e end of thd sixth or seventh di^ after 
 sowing the seed, whichy by keeping several boxes at work, would- 
 gi«* to two or ihrM scorbutic patients neariy an ounce, of salad 
 each daily, even ^ough the necesfary economy in our ooab did 
 not allow of the fire being kept in at night. Had this been allow'i^^ 
 able, and a proper apparatus at hand for the purpose, there is ng^ 
 doubt that it might have been raised much more rapidly ; and thoMf 
 wlNgpre aware how perfect a specific a very small quanti^ of fresh^ 
 vegetable substance is fcv the scurvy, will, perhaps, agree with me 
 in thinking that such an appnrauis woida form a very viduable 
 appendage to be applied occasionally to the cabin-stove, lltt mus- 
 ti]rd«nd cress thus raised were necessarily colourlessj from the 
 
 
 I 
 
f 
 
 120 
 
 #; 
 
 ) 
 
 privation of light, but, as far as we could Ju«Ig«, they poiaeued 
 the same pungent aromatic taste as if grown under ordinary cir- 
 cumstances. So effectual were these remedies in Mr. Scallon*i 
 case, that, on the ninth evening from the attack* he was able t» 
 walk about on the lower deck for some time, and he assured me 
 that he could then ** run a race." 
 
 On the morning of the 4th, a cross appeared about the moon, 
 consisting of vertical and horizontal rays of white light, similar 
 to those described on the Sd, but unaccompanied by any halo. 
 The thermometer was at —44* in the early part of the day; but 
 the wind freshening to a strong breeze from the northward, the 
 temperature of the atmosphere was considerably raised, at usual,, 
 Ae thermometer having got up to --SS* at ten P.M. The tem- 
 perature, of die holds in me fore-part of the ship was now ^ne- 
 rally as low as 22% that of the necla's lower deck being •eldooi 
 above iff, except during the ships companies meals. 
 
 The 7th of January was one of the most severe da^s to the 
 feelings which we experienced during the winter, the wrad being 
 strong from the northward with a heavy drift, and the theripiome* 
 ter continuing from — 38* to •— 40*. It is impossible to conceive 
 any thing more inclement than such a day, when we eould with 
 diffici|lty pass and repass between the two ships, and were glad 
 to keep, every person cloately confined on board. 
 
 At half pait five P.M., on the 8th, the Aurora Borealis wu 
 seen f<inn|nff a broken and irregular arch of white light, 10* or 
 12* highvin the centre, extending* from N.b.W., round by W. to 
 S.S.E., with eccasioinl coruscations proceeding from it tawardt 
 the zenith.- It continued thus for an hour, and re-appeared frpin 
 eig^t o'doek till midnight in a similar manner, makms, howav<^r| 
 but a pom' display of this beautiful, phenomenon. Neither the 
 magnetni needle, nor the gold-leaf of the electrometer were^ in 
 either instance, in Uie slightest degree aCected by it. 
 
 At eight A.M. on the 11th, faint >corusca,tion8 of the Aurora 
 Borealis were observed to dart with inconceivable rapidly acrbu 
 the heavens from W.N.W. to E.S.E., from horizon to horizoi|| 
 and pas«ing4iuout 25* to the south of the zenith. At noon to-day, 
 the temperature of Uie. atmosphere had got down to 49* below 
 zero, being the greatest degree of cold which we had yet experi- 
 enced; but the weather being quite calm, we walked on shore for 
 an hour without inconvenience, the sensatiion of cold dep«(pding 
 much more on the degree of wind at the time, than on the abaolvite 
 temperature of the, atmosphere, as indicatfed by the thermometiBr. 
 In several of the accouits i^ven of those countries in whichan inf" 
 tense degree of natural cold is experienced, some effects are attii-^ 
 buted to it wluch ceitaiidy did not come under pur observation in 
 the comse of this winter. The first of these is the dreadful aen- 
 sation said to be produced on the lungs, causing them to feel •§ if 
 
 }>, 
 
 sm 
 
121 «t 
 
 i 
 
 fro fsunder, when the air is tiiluiled at a very low teinperature. 
 o tucfi sensatioil was ever ex^rienced by us, though Iti going 
 >in the cabins into the open air, and vict versdt me m^f^ con- 
 ^^tly In the habit for some months of undergoing a ctaiigt of 
 from 80* to 100*^ and, in several instances, 130* of tem^ratiiro In 
 leto than one iniiiiite; aM Wh^t la stIU more ettraordiiOiiy, not a 
 single inflamn^isory complaic;^ beyond a slight cold, which win 
 cui%d by cpotifnbn care in a day or two, occulted during this pafi. 
 ticula^f period, the aecdiid IsV t)K^ vapour with which the afr 6f 
 aip inhipted rooil^ is eharged, condensing into tl showai* of siibw, 
 immediately «*s t^e opening of 4 door or window, conimunicairng 
 with th«f ettemat atmosphere. This goes osuch beyoncl any thiiig 
 that we had an, opportunity of o^erving. MTfaat iiapfMsned #itE 
 u4 was siinply this: on the opening of the doors at the top ahd: bdit- 
 tom of ^dr hatchway ladder^, ilie vapour was immedutety com- 
 densed by the sudden admission of the cold air, into a visiblo 
 form, exactly resembling a verv tttibk smolke, which settled on dl 
 the pannels of the doors and bulk-heads, and immediately fmze, 
 by which means the latter were covered with a ttuck coating o£ 
 iee, VvKich it was necessary freqtientty to scrape pffi but we never, 
 tp my knowledge, witnessed the eoltversion of the vapour int6 
 #0w, during Its felL * * > ■ 
 
 : On the evenitigf of the 15th, the Uosphere being clear and 
 «ei»nej we were gratified by^il^iilit of thronly very brilliant and 
 divehiified disphiy df AuroralSfj^iai^, which occurred dttHng t^ 
 whold winter; and I believe if tor^ almost imposstblefdr n^ida to 
 give an idea of the beau^ atfd variety which diis mf^ific^t phe* 
 nocnenbn displayed; lanHiii leiit'ee^in, that no ^criptiio^ of 
 ijaine can convey an adeiiiiate C^nceptfOri of it, and I ^Ms^fore 
 ghidly avail myself of the fdUoii^l^iiccouot, by Captiiti Sabine, 
 which was furnished by myre^t^lttlte time for ipMation in my 
 JtivmsA. ■ ' '■''■' ■' ^- ^'-- h----w'^ :■;■. ■•^"' 
 
 ^**^r. Edward»|from Whom wfefiir^^eard that the Aurora iriia 
 vtsiUe, described^ it as forming ^cbnUpete a|xh, having its Ibgp 
 nearly north and aaiuth df each bdiC^^aiiid |^ a Uttfe tb the 
 eastward of tijc 2^«^. When^l %eir:dpoii die ice, the arcli 
 had broken up » towsisda th^ ioirthCim hoiizdn was tlie otdinarv 
 Aurora, such as #e bad Metyseeii on Clear nighta, being a pa^ 
 Irght, apparently tsstifing iH>ni ' biau#' an obscure ^toud^at lh»ii 
 six to twelve degt%ie8dfaltitude^Cxi«ydhiflnore or lesa towards 
 the east or west on diilferent ntghts^llit^llifierent tidies of tht 
 same ntgh^ baving no determined oenn^e'or ^nt of biseetibii, tht 
 greater part, mid evett at time* the whilts if 'the' kiminoua app^- 
 ancel)eing soi^etitoes to the eait, ^ sbfiiiCtimet to the^&t (^ 
 sotith, but rarely seen in the northern horizon, of beyond the di^ 
 and W^t points of the heav^. This cott^bponds With the jtorcni 
 most commonly noticed in Britain, except that it is there it^ctt- 
 
 ) 
 
 ^-CV..,.v., 
 
♦ 
 
 122 
 
 * 
 
 / 
 
 liar to the notf^»^ ^t here to the^.^pintheiiiilf!^. ocMsioiuaiy 
 
 I •hoowj; upward* in WJ1B an4 rf^^^ It watf net Aii- 
 
 ) tmixiOiedby any unusual brilliancy gr e>tti|t on this occasion, 
 
 the si^endid part of the phcn^enon being dtttache^ and apnareta^ 
 
 quite d:sti9ct. , ' av '^T ' 
 
 , **W^ ^»«»«»o»»^J^ir^i» in^irrei;^nM«8ei, itwiiia- 
 
 teediyiiiedbya pltoe>ttsing thwwKfi thJn^i^dJim^^^ 
 ti^ conliued, during the time I saw it, ta the elttern ^e 6f the 
 mgb, •"<* ^ «■**«% PP*JiW and m liiHrg^ #i^ ii t^ 
 . jpLlE. thaneUewhere. Mir. ^uiy and I noticed^ W^^ 
 wwtwhcrf the Aurora was very Jbrilliant, the stars ifbiilii^u^ 
 It were somewhat dimmed, thoajgli thra re^di^k is ccni^Y to foe- 
 mer eiperience, 
 
 ^ «The diltribution af light has been described as irregubr and 
 in constant chanj^e j the various masses, howerer«,a|jfemed to have 
 a tendency to amilnge themselves into twQ arches, one passing near 
 uie zenith, and a second a^ut midway between the zetiitti ubd 
 horizon,' both having generally a north and s<kitli dilrecdon^ bnt 
 curving towards each otSer, so that their leflES produced wdidd 
 complete ui eUip»e; thejte arches we>e as quickly disi^ed as 
 forced. At one time ii jiart oltHe.'iMrch iear the zenith was bint 
 into cpnvolutions, resembling thQ^ qf a in^e ii| mMion^ iiiid nn- 
 dulatM|g rapidly, an app^aran^ whi^hVe fiad nttt ^ore observed. 
 The etl^ towards the nor^ & J»*6?jrit like a shepberd's croo^» 
 which IS not uncommon, ^J^fflliailt'V) <^l|mpaf« m li^t nrb- 
 dttccd bv an Aurora wiA^^KI**? »<witWo»usc the shadows 
 are rendered faint and i^^lf reasoft ^\he general diiliisiOn 
 of the Aurora; but I fhpjg^k iHc efrect of &e pne iiow ifc- 
 
 8cnted,scarwlyeaiialto'|Kw^^ The 
 
 Qsudpale Ught of the A^ih^^tron^^^^ thatnroducdd 
 
 by the combustion of phoaphofus: a ve^ sH^^t tinge of red was 
 noticed on this occasion, When ikhe Aiirotl was ttdst vivid, but 
 no oth$r,Rolqurs were visibTe: Ifil^n lifter we ietutned on board, 
 «ie splendid part whoU^Jdi^ppeared, leavl% only the Oidhiiary 
 Wt,near the horizpnjjm^^erbipectiii" the nigh* remidned un- 
 awnged,but on the foUowmg dn^ it blew a fivsh gale frtim the 
 north and N.N.W." This Aurora had the appeatance oF being 
 vciy near us, and we listeiied attentively for die sound liirhich is 
 P.4 •opetimes to^accompanV brilliant displays of this jphenomediDn, 
 but neioier on this nor on any other occasion, could any be distSn* 
 guished*^ On the following day, the Aurora was rfepeatedlf l^ien 
 jror an hour or two togtther, assuming the shape of a lohg low 
 ^^%5**"* ^" *® *2' high in the centre, extending fi^ini soutlr 
 
 i-^rsi^-rf**" 
 
 ^ 
 ''-%.. 
 
133 
 
 
 f 
 
 . About tkit timt U had been iwiwrkcd, that •white ^\^^ 
 m.t7t Sb Moif tiipe^imd had regi|lyly retoijed •f««^f«2,22^ 
 
 gr^^eciaghfflfi S«pa«y with » •he^«»»V»Jvfe.S 
 ^pt IIP an aliwiftdiwlyiiitfwojiuie for 'fver^wM, «» »ti2«» 
 
 K'rtstimed, n^inofe t«^|he#hjpai >r»«^? ^g^L S^ J^^^ 
 nunWing to too «ceaia ^a^nce, or what i. wo**^»W» ij'g^ 
 
 dM^^mbev wWch WM alao gettli^f into the habit of «««»Tj;2 
 i^oiog aW ror .omf timer |!^9t^o;b^«.«H^.<^^^^ 
 kSi iiiia covered with blood, havS8^ no doubt, Wntamed a 
 JSrS:oiuiter with a «wl« w^ wl»odi i^e t^ced to a c<^i»de. 
 
 f|<B diitance by the tr#ekt on the anow. ^All dd dog, of the 
 Wfduidlaud breed, that we h§d on bo#rd die IIwjUi, waa alao 
 m AeSto?reSing out wi«i tl^ Wolve. for a day or two to- 
 gO^er 4 1^ we frequcnUy watched them keeping company on the 
 
 "ai^^^^^S?^ thehartKMircloletothe aWpaonthe^jfth, 
 WW SJSX be iamott entii^ly w^ite, hii body long and ejc- 
 
 SiSSSS, Z^^ bigbet on hi. legs ^S^^J^!^^^^^;, 
 
 S»i«^bttt Otb#rwiaenu)phre«en|bfiiigfl^^^ hiatwl w»»ong 
 rhSZrIand aHfWt hanging betwi^i^ Wi^te»» and he kept hla 
 «n^li.kim!»g or catching, one of „*e«e «^m^^^ ^«« 
 
 As tko .time was now near %% tend when the «»»» waa toje- 
 anpearaboveour horizon, wo bejen thii day ^^\'^^^^ 
 Imihe rtitl-head, in order tbat some obaerv^ona »l»»t be 
 SSL^ foUie aniunt of the utmOfphericjd re^icuon, which 
 Zdb render it viaibte to u». «RPU*r than under ordinary circum. 
 SSTl^or thiipurpoae,andat,% «imetime toavoid the froat- 
 SSJ^^X'lSvroce,^^ k|^i»g m i»?»v,dual a 
 
 ^laCW Stoo long a apaciirtverjr rtan m the jhip wm gnt 
 ^.^iSceea«i^».ao aa to occu^iy the time for «f .«;»««^J^^* 
 ^afternoon; and this practiije */• So^^J^r^.**?, .^«?, ST 
 m«f^4a»ove.the horizon firom the decl?, wbich it did not do till 
 tim dM» aftfsp the ^commenccni^t of it. «^^,.jAn 
 
 TheloM of Ieinon*jtace, of whicb I have before h^ occaaioji 
 t^^% to^Zcoi the bi^aking of the botjles by frm.t* 
 cop£«;;4 «tm to <l4ft 0«cc to w grc^ a degree, *»»•*'* ^JT.^ 
 ^e^N^hlMdy »ece8«i^.to atot a^ae «f «•»'" J^ P^ S 
 ngpiinttaimilar contingenciea in «*««(«? »***" *? fkJl.SS^ 
 SUcr ^ f. AereCow, cofw^ted ^r. Edw^ds as to the P«>g^ 
 STttdttC^^he daily afloWance of that essential article to thrfe- 
 qoartera jTOie :uawai«M;tipn^bein« thrgs^iuarters of «^^^f^ 
 man: this, he was of opinion, under all circumstances, i^^wpp ex^ 
 
 If* 
 
 ?hI; 
 
w 
 Md^nt f dtt^ to order t«* tmvm atuppLy in tboM ctMt of aaeor. 
 
 AriHlfifijItiMO P.M;, •^tolMkltA'ludo of Ji*ll»li«llt MM ntiTM 
 
 ^dr^^moo,^ Hi ridki#S3S«ifi<0r imSTS^ir^lS^ 
 
 be 8«(^ by the wUd «iy« i Mam, l»>weireK i«*at i4^£SllZ)J>v 
 
 Mffht « OOi oeriod. miiii«;d» «lie end of liSuwyi^SrS 
 open lome of our porte, in orderto admit atiiisienilii^ &> Hi* 
 «arpentefi and annouiier io^oilp by^ and tbeae weie AnlmMa 
 wpairinjg the maht^opsail-yavd* that we m|gl|tj|SleasMSdome 
 
 ahewof^commendngour.«ewe^«iipawntforiii». ' ',;-rj.7T^^ ^^ 
 Oh the lat abd 9dbf Februarj^ the wsmhtr:mfmmi^'kia»^ao 
 
 «jj, but the Sd waa a. beantifiiUy olnnr /|Bd, odb di^# ,/^ cnht 
 AiM., acroaa, conabtmir<yiite maiUwiiiaii ^ii^ SLgSiZ^ 
 
 waa aeen ahem tW^-««**«^ . -.a^. t.>L^ ^^^|^^^^^■^^^T^: 
 
 3^*1.^ t**^^ ^ oepi|iii» the Mtb ofi^^van^bii^i^lSiad 
 
 fLT^^^^^'"^ ^^»^^mym tliaii.|||»S5^SS 
 
 !^*Tni:?*i?i? 2«*«^«Sfirettly, >iPh» 1^ 
 
 2?^!i *; be «boat haif its dhmteter^bove Ihe lMd^ii^thtfv£«C 
 
 }M!iofe ariiotmt <rf refiiMftion i»Wd 'i^iiWMr to hiMoiflM^^ailMia 
 JLS**'" ****" " nothiife V«rf «i^ii|vdiMry m^tfali^tiiiSSi 
 io#tMnt««*tarei thatof ihte «tl«6^i|i«rii(»;«M|t.tiiii^.,^ 
 
 ^fffi£ ^"^ "" thjea very Wght, at oih^.=^a^r«sd>iiw5SE 
 tM AWign Borealia, tiie Hght ahraya^ij^a^^^^ahoorii^iNiid^ 
 
 .....y^... 
 ..^.-i 
 
IS5 
 
 # 
 
 u m oMtt umal » tl»« ph«iiogiiea9a« The bNidtli of tbit colano, 
 wlMoli «i» vitlWe for ttwit tbrnt^utmrf of^ w hour Mort wd 
 
 over Ab« tlxAJpiMsis the sun svM. ; ;^ , ..v » ^ 
 
 u Oii.wi«rdr#l»*iow» in »he eourw of thijwlntw, there was «ft 
 Mi «ni9<» m4%9 twthem horizon v«iy much TiffiinbHiig lawl M 
 aTl^ tfiattmcfi. a*hU apptniMfo wtl^r^ittiiuwrtly weU d«. 
 finSiMid MeiM4 to tftvvuiiate w nvfiy «fiir(ii|it Md HfCiilea omU'- 
 
 kAfe#» JS*l|.tb« Auro»» BowiiU* wtawdvi^r ftrtjOy in^h^i^ 
 toDttlftineolwhice light* extending from 9, to 8.8.W., and ab6iit 
 0M»^ ^ hori»on>v l^rom iMoe tUl islcirenr U was amin aaeil 
 ^UM^ataMomary, and ^relfy^feim, fw8|i#.S.Wi to W.N.W., a| 
 mfi^o or ifoiir d«gK«<» of altitttdo. 
 
 y €api#i» jlabinehad, foraope tl«fe pwi, kiptopa of thi neadlaa 
 ^lldlijlelfrmli^ff tho »n|ai^ii^4f %,iwgn«ti« force, luabej- 
 
 Sedp^ MtiafiiqifHili! thiP U could be doiia^w board t^ ahinai 
 
 IS^^^^m^mm^m^^ fMB4# ¥««i»d her moiia 
 ^^'^^ iiibcd by.iaay.ad¥SB%l^ pi*ta «)f 
 
 Jp!9|»*p4^ ^M K^ody*Jed Ift it l^JI 
 
 ..,4^5Si&^irt^^!^ai«iiiH*|ggb^ aiin^»hidi waMo dhjf. 
 
 <Mftd% i«iva«li<i% ihat^o^ 
 
 MHi^jiKji^ptii^^ noQ^a thfiaaofi»#HBr^' plMiaSld^l^ 
 
 »^^^jt£^fiiMilRil9n0iidetb0 pUd ihat 
 
 Ji.«ai^ll*B«i(iaii«r %M¥P^ wi* ua, m, eve>i on the 
 
 •tkmmmmmM^^^ i#'inati!upMit left tg atand , m 
 
 ■!iyMtdS;^»^^ ^u' hotiacii^ and 
 
 on the eastern side of it, at Ac distance of i2\ 
 
tbS££'irri!2£!K*»y-M«»»«» ^^ tight •'«!«* tUl roar, 
 tfje JS;;; for .wi, Urn tho^tiyiriSSJU 
 
 twenty toot pj •d4W^ «•!«;. t© iafct ui Sr^to^ •3SS 
 Jy the tmwiliture of provi«<» tnd tioti -S^ 
 
 wdghed in ectlem erects ««» t^ bmh for Ae^SSS|^i«»SJ 
 whenever the weiither would permit thU to Se •oSSSST^* 
 
 2!rft «» •CWW oT Aelo|ttry to mf^!^^fSS^Zm 
 vps likely to retalt from ^ m^ilty rtrnm^^^^t^ 
 
 •eMipi toollNce,^^ i%SpS^SS«nS^^ 
 
 fMr.v nml wn ttM* jwd ni^^ 
 
 it could no loager be tnic^ i it wa« h^se filbefe ^^S. 
 
 northern M^. On lateilSJtS 
 
 1^. 
 
i 
 
 '^1^ 
 
 UKT 
 
 tht tnttfter of the hteycntTwiei jptreelved t larger portion of Mother 
 md ninter erelL of pole red, or orwige, commeneing tt the hori- 
 XOD in the E.b.N., and Attending to 60* of altitude in the N.N.E., 
 io aa evidently net to fonti a part of the weetem arch. Captain 
 flabine afterwards observed the wh61e phenomenon to alter iu po* 
 altion, the leg 6f the eaatem arch shifting conaiderably noire to th« 
 aiNithward. In the evening the Aurora Berealll was seen, form* 
 l0fn confused and irregular areh of white li|^ cootinttalljr visry* 
 ing iif^ghtness, about 8* high in the Centre, and eslendi»g fton 
 S;d.E., round by the west, to N.N.W. From the upper part of 
 this arch, col^lscations occssionalty shot upwards, and a few stream* 
 ersilowand then burst forth also fi^m th% horizon in the 8.8.1^ } 
 thtse tatter went nearly up to the zenith, while the rest were mora 
 fafo^ and did not reach so high. I am «oniidefit» that Aldebaratt 
 and the Pleindes were very sensibly dimmed by the most vivid of 
 the coruseatioos, which appeared, in this respect, not to diiTer from 
 ukf thin vapour or doua floatiaig in the acmiftphere. Hie gold 
 leif of th^ electrometer, as well as the mngtietic needle suspended 
 In uie observatory, was carefully attended to^ biift neither of them 
 Biiifei^d any sensible disturbance. 
 
 KttMr oh the foUdWing morning, th« wind increased fifom the 
 JfMMvi, and ci^tihued to blow a slroi^ breeze ftboi that qopfft^v 
 j^ ft heavjr snow-drift, till towards nooh, on 4le 10th. At a 
 qi^iNer past sii f^M., <>n that day/ the^ Aurora began to ap^ ill 
 thi i^oth and S.W., |h detached, and i|0t very brilliant pencils of 
 ra^ dirting tipi^sMs litki ^ear 0t h^riton. ; Soon al'ter, an iivli 
 of the\ISuai broken and irreflgi|lar kind appeired in the weitem 
 qui#«ih* <>f the hea#en|, extendtiig llbih ^^W. to south, i)nd being 
 mms*W9^ highihtm centre. From ibe uppfr pirt of the arch 
 prtlceeded a few tslnt c<Mruscations 'reacYiinJI; to no great height. 
 At a quarter before seven, a lecoad aadt>etit^r%efined arch crols* 
 ed ovier front' &£. toi9;W.b.Nl, gii^hrd^ the tibrthern side of 
 tbealeilith, from #hlch it Was disOUi ftpi to* to U« in the cen- 
 trie. This arch was vei^ narrow, and tteeihed to be formed ^ two 
 parts^^ch iiiodtin| willr great rai^dity from thosl ptrts whero 
 th^legs stood; ai^j6iilin| in tie centre. In a i^ort tinie this 
 s«c6ni| arch entirely disappeiired, and thie first became less bril- 
 liant. The phenotneoon was tliea for some tninutes confined to 
 some briglil ptftfcils of rays in the iouth and ^.S.El, which were 
 gpniihtfh^pai^altel to each other, but' aHimetimes alto diverged at aa 
 an^ bf wout 15*. At a quarter oast seven, two long and nar- 
 row sti^ams' of light crossed over k^^5° to 40" of altitude, on the 
 westeni side of the zeuith, frdm the N.W.b^K., and souih points 
 of liie horipsoa ; thieir upoer ends did not qiiite meiet fatlhe ciei||be». 
 so as to complete an arch, but inclined to the shape of shepherd* 
 crooks, as' described on the 15th of janpary^ and often i«markeii 
 
 tqi'lGi^r Observers ; but th^ were iftitner sd fc^Uiant nbi- iy^cH^ 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 ■fii 
 
 I?! 
 
 ,...,^^v,.\<. -vr~—- . 
 
 
 ^ 
 
r?!l^fl^lflflr.. 
 
 ^'''^iWff^rw^Wi 
 
 # 
 
 1S8 
 
 it: 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 defined ilwlieii^wcsvvr^ham before. Atx^lt m quarter before 
 figbt, «• we trere ^ftttrning on board frtun dye observatory, fbie 
 low arch to the wej»tward m described, and wh|jBb had nerer a| 
 tcwjcther disai^ared, increased con^ideniibly in b^Uiimey. It, waa 
 ItiU, however, so irre|;ular as to jopea? in detiicbedrouadish elfiida 
 or blotches, firaij» whicli tbe Mocds, which shfut upwards, araeipfl 
 Immediately to jm^ I^iese pencils, which were' iii|iiit4% 
 
 :ywied bo|b inilenidi and breadthf were observed to have a^n 
 elow, though very sensible lateral modon from north to so^,in4 
 #fcr verai/md we ^QOiai^ed <}fi one occfsicm that, whf n two of 
 IlKHn inet, and had die appearance of overla|i|>in^ they pvoduceiL 
 ff^j&xm fifteen seconds, the meet intense acgree of light we had 
 ^ seen fr^m the Aurora. The pencils appeared generfiUy to 
 trayiel b^iily i^ onejdtir^dol, but sometime^ to widen out in jb^f^ 
 1^ ^ same time. We W^i« aU decidedly of opinion, that the ^«^ 
 stare were very perceptibly ^imnied by this phenomenon, wha<^ 
 giraduattydlsa^l^ai'edby^in^ o'clock. 
 
 : tt was a scNarce of much satisfaction to find, at noon on die. lldii^ 
 that the sun; even With one degree of meridian altitude, had some 
 jpbwer to alFecX the mercury in the thermometer, Which rose from 
 '•-^4G*m^9^fihtnekpoBtdto !:» rays; and, as the sUn gradu- 
 
 % declined, i% fell again ,to —40' in an hour or two. 
 le distance jst which iKtunds were heard in the open air^ during 
 the cootinuance of intense cold, was so great as constantly to a0brd 
 matter of surprise to us, notwiUistanding the frequency with whi<^h 
 We had occiston to remark it. We have^ for instance, often heard > 
 people disdoctW conversing, in a common tone of voice, at die 
 distance of a mlies . and tp day t < heard a man singing to himself 
 Whe Wittked alio^ die beach at even a greater distance than ^s. 
 Ano|hii^ ciktymikt^ee'also occur.ed to-day, which may perhaps be 
 c^idered worthy of notice. Lieutenant Beechey, and Messrs. 
 BeVerty and Fisher, id the ^||^i^ of a walk which kd them to a 
 part of the hat^ur, about t^ miles directly to leeward of the 
 ships, were suiprised by sudcUmly perceiving a smell of smoke, so 
 strong as even to impede their breathing, tiU^ by walking on a litde 
 lardier, they got nd of it. ' This circumstance shews to what a 
 distance the smoke from the ships Was carried horizomattyy owing 
 to the dtfficulQr with which it rise* at a very low temperature of 
 die atmdis|)hiire. The appearance which had often been taken for 
 the loom td distant and mu<!h r^fii^cted land in the south, and 
 £(.b.£., was agaih seen tb.day, havmg the same, abrupt termination 
 at the latter bearing as before. At half-«ast eight F.M., the Au- 
 iwa Bojvalis made its appearance f» a smn time, in an ardi, very 
 ^gUliliy but at times very bright, from 9«W. to 8.S.E., at 4* or 
 #^'abd^e<the liorizon in the centre. 
 
 Itinay perhaps be attributed to the long absence of the sun 
 whttl^'wd had ktelyetp^itieiuitd, and which may have disqualified 
 
 ^AH^^f^^Mw.*-. ■■ 
 
 •'«**■. 
 
w from fora^og a correct judgnient,'tHal«ire considered dieonugie 
 wd lake tints with which the sky was painted aboQt tbia period, 
 Mpr tw« hours before and after noon, to Ife more rich and blAtt^ful 
 than any thing of the kind we bad ever before seen. The^ir 
 fleecy clouds which at any time make their appearance in the hea- 
 vel)S during ibe winter months of t^^is cHmate, had on the iath> as 
 before observed on the aih> a Iend0^y to form arches both in tbb 
 Jiortbem and sonthem qaitrters, estendinglrom east to west, at 10* 
 «f .^cf^odc ini the north, and JH* or 6" in the south. A thermome- 
 *Mr placed in ^ sun at noon rose quickly £ram ---42* to «^dOi' 
 011 bond, the temperature of the atmosphere at the house being 
 «#• 4)5^, and ihe weather calm and clear. 
 v^At ihrae jL-iM^,!^ die I3th, on a light breeaie sprinpng uj> 
 ^m *e southward, the thermometer was (Observed to rise intano- I 
 mtely from 4- 40' to ^ 37*. For :a shelVt' time before and after / 
 Moon, a pariieJiQntwas seen at the anguUr distance cNf 22** JCypn J 
 ^Oh side of the sun, at the same altllude i»lth the kJter ; : thesfe ' 
 ^^iihejia were of a confused shape, but vitKongfy prismatic, lliere J ^^^ 
 Urat at the sanie time, also^ a column tif . bright yeUc^ light prtt- ""^^^ 
 :CC^fKng 6<om the sun ito the honiason, «f (he satae dismetlsr as 
 ■fhat- ofcject.; ,-^'? ri - •■--^\ ■' .,■ m/ ■,:: '.:" 
 
 I have be/ore remarited, that, in conse 4uence o£ a compMrativefy- 
 ^irm atbosph^e .iv)hich was aliiTaya 'floating around the ^ijps» the 
 ^h^mon^eier on bdatcl^iby wMcb the temperature was notedevei^ 
 fjTO hours, usually stood from a' «o ir higher than tbat fixed on 
 ahoi^; The temperature of the atmosphere having now laUen bft- 
 Jii^ the U8uallstandard,ii became intere«dng to watch this 4ifieiv 
 ^e more mintitely^'and at six A»M. on the 14th, the thermome^ 
 #rat the hou^e wss at— 52% that on board being at — 4S% at 
 #hich tin<e the smoke from the funnels rose very freely, with the 
 ^crcury in the barometer standing at l^<5dJnches. This addition^ 
 dticrelise in the temperature of >the a^nosphere caused a repetidon 
 ofthj^t cracking of , the ship's timbers which bad befoK occiixrod. 
 biit which had ceased for some time past. At noon the tiwrm^ 
 meter in the shelde rose one degree, ftnd at two P^M. fell aoaiii 
 to — 53% »-« 
 
 Two of the Hecla^s marines having been guilty of drunkenness 
 ,the preceding nij^ht^ an offence whichf under any circumstance^ 
 It was my duty to prewent, but which, if permitted to pass unno- 
 ticed, might, in our present situstion* have b^n attended with the 
 most serioulB coUi^equeiices to our health as well as our discipline, 
 I waa ili^r the necessity of punishii.^' *;dem this morning with 
 thirty.six laHhes each; being the first occasion on which I had con- 
 sidered it hltcessary to inflict corporal punishment during thirteen 
 months that the Hecia had beeh in cominission, a fact which I 
 h^e much satisfaction in rec(»rding, as extremely creditable to 
 her crew. 
 
 H 
 
 I 1 
 
 
 / if 
 
 '■ I 
 
 r>. 
 
 I 
 
 ( 
 
 ,' r 
 
 Jj 
 
 r 
 
pWsSp^IfTF 
 
 ""'.*';>'; ■rVi'.*'*^^^.'!'-' a?'; 
 
 •,>»: .:',iJrKjfi? 
 
 # 
 
 11 
 
 130 
 
 From four P: M. on the l^th, till ^alf-ps^t Itfven on the {<:Xhif* 
 ing niDrdiiigi bdiig 90 ini^erviil of fifteeen tiouri and a hiilf, duiiii|; 
 which tiiiie the weather #m clear and bearly ciidttii a thei^inoinetc^r 
 fixed «ii a poley between the shi|w and the shore* never rote lAiove 
 ^^i(4%mdiimme€ during j^iit interval, namely at six Ih -tfie 
 nonftigt is four as — ^5*. 'Thlt low (empei^atnre Qiig^t| p«rha]^i, 
 have cbiitiinied mnch ldnger,^iit for a light breexe which iph«% 
 tip froin^ the aorthwatviy imme^tateW 0n which' the therimketilr 
 ro8eto-^4i^%a4d coi|tiii^d s|iUlo rise doling the 4m ^9^ 
 ihidnighii it had reaclMnd -i-34*' During the lowcusttempeiitlil^ 
 al^ve- mentioned, whieh tras the most intense degttee of i^^ 
 inarked by the spirit thennoinetjSr, duriag our siay itf Winter fitai^ 
 iwi^iijOiTthe sKghtest •inicoki^veni^^ 
 
 to the open air, by a- pm^fi lirell clothed, as long ai the «rea«id|: 
 #as p^fecdjr^m ; buf in walking against* vbryli|^t ahr of n^iiil, 
 a smai^^g a^nstttioniias esfip^lenced all over the laee^ikccbaEipiiiiifi 
 by :a ppp ii^ the Inltf^ d^W^f^ nii^ 
 
 aey^fe. - W#am«sed iotii^^ In freezn^ schme mercury d^0^ 
 the ct«|Uhiiance of this ciiT^'ireather, and b^ beating it o^td# Hi 
 anyi^^eyioatdy reduced to the ten^p^ of the iiciti^pi#»^'; 
 
 it did not wpear to be very malieablilwhen in this stite, ttsMj^ 
 breakini^KAer Jwo or- titree blo^sirom the haiinmei'.'^ 
 
 thf ^ojiased le^ diy, and ^^eheerin| presence if 
 
 thesimplatr ieveral hott^ the horizon; iii4u^^diite^^^^ 
 
 ataitdijaigf the severity of "die weather, to open liie dMtd'-lwhts 6f tril- 
 atem^windowst in onier to adthtt the daylight,, of which| in Oiir 
 occtipa^fiMs ^lowy^ ha^ ^tirefy bjeen d||fi^ more thin 
 
 ^^ moiithsi' I hac^ l|^n« lowev^ occpioh^ |o '^|i^ thal"^^ 
 chii^pl was Timer prem«ture»|n4that { had not rij^tly catlcatiitiill 
 oiK ^4eii|^<»f .^0 winter )n Me^yiUe Island. ^ The Hecla v^as 
 It^ Irim; dioubw wind(^|rs in her stern, th« interval between the 
 <!iiros|^^8 being aboitt^^iwo ^t; «nd within .diese ionie cnrtufia 
 M M»| 'Ind be<^n nailed clo>ey in the early p|rt of the «lntlf. 
 0i|i;iM#e«|icHHri the curtainsr'thW were foaid 
 
 jMc ^ i^^^i^y ceroei^ to the windows by 1^ nroten vnour 
 collected ift^een themt that^it was necessaiy to cut them 0^^ 
 m^ifpifft^p'tht win#<:|Fs ; and from the spade b^tweeii the doQ«- 
 ,b]»«aal^ weremoved more thflin twelve large buckj^ts ftdt of ii^; 
 or fto^^/ vapour whm^lMi^i acciunulated ii| the same mattaetr. 
 
 AbNDiitl ip6on» on the I6th^ a i|^|iii!ilion fai^y prisQitat^Ct appeiired 
 <m ejsch Slide of the sun, c^fitin^ing poly |pr J^ N<!rt- 
 
 fifidistaiiding the Ipw teiif^emuireM the 
 
 dficers contrived la act, as usuali lw;i play aanbuiJiced tok this iyen- 
 ingf i|iit it must be ciMalesfed ihil it wak almost too cold for either 
 ihealtors or the audif nee to eiyoy it; espec||diy for thdse of thifc 
 |(>pi^lil^ho und;^rl0ol: t^ Wh w#ii 
 
 fortunate, howrver^ in having the weather moderate as to w!id> 
 
 1 Gringo 
 
 I sifroiigg 
 
 drift, coi 
 
 did not r 
 
 I erineve 
 
 perature 
 
 1 theday, 
 
 +23% an 
 
 I the cbio 
 
 Much as 
 
 vent it w 
 
 I sources. 
 
 winter in 
 
 ? w.is • >d 
 
 y wiv''; 
 
 wific-%? 
 
 ) The u 
 
 to have a 
 
 ^ the stehi 
 
 theimpa^ 
 
 fore%ht 
 
 ! <Q^8^the 
 
 1 ik«am 
 
 t ei^v^ti 
 
 I c^nitlttuec 
 
 thicitw 
 
 1 . up'rind 
 
 imttA'or< 
 
 1 ' went on 
 
 imdofd 
 
 \ m^, ot 
 
 I ed'«t<our 
 
 lower,/'iir 
 
 ^ wottld^ at 
 
 thanthip. 
 
 ff one- of. d 
 
 |; sidir^' U 
 
 f ■ low; In 'o 
 
 appeared, 
 1 naedies; ' 
 
 i The bed' 
 
 1 tiohof ic 
 
 1 hammock 
 
 I, h«l:been 
 
 1 thurewc 
 
 E .-, Athal 
 
% 
 
 i: 
 
 *. 
 
 ISI 
 
 ^riDgonr performance; for, on its fffshening up aoon i^kdr to a 
 sllroiig gale from the N.W., whicK together with a heaiij^'tiiow* 
 drifts continued the whole of the following day* the theiinbmeler 
 did not rise higher than — 36*} a change that made the Heclitcotd^ 
 er in every part below than she had ever been before. 'The teni* 
 peratare of the lo#et deck now fe\l to + 34* for die greater part cf 
 the day, that of the coal-hole to + 1^% that of the spirit room to 
 + 33% and dT my cabin as low as + 7* during the nighty' by which 
 the cbionometers, Nos. 35 and 369) of Arnold, were stopped. 
 Much as I regretted this circumstance, it was impossible to pre* 
 vent it without ^ch an increase in die quantity of fuel as our r6> 
 sources, when calcidating upon the chances of spending; ahodier 
 winter in these regions, would by no means admit. Captain Sa- 
 biv.e ' d myself, therefore, ag^ed, that it was better to let' these 
 W|v e nain dcmn, during the ctmtinuance of the severe cold,. 
 wnic. ' accordingly done. 
 
 The intense cold now experienced on board' the Hedii, seemsl 
 to have arisen principally from my having prematurely uncovered \ 
 the steta windows, which I had been induced to do, not lestf from | 
 the impalience which I fefe to enjoy this cheering raya of die sua 1 
 for e^l;^ hours of the d^, than on atcoiiiit of the ieivinB of cam-i 
 dICsf the expenditure of which had hidierto b^n much gpreatcir 
 thtti We could Well alford* In the edoiitant ho|k»'thatewh suc- 
 ceeding day would produce sonie amendment in die weadi'er^ we 
 eni^v^ttred contentedly to piit tip with the C(^d, whieh, however, 
 c(|Mldtttted to be so intense in die cabin forseveral weeks after this, 
 thilC it Was impossible to tfitthere without being warmly wn^iped 
 u|i)$ and it was not uncommon for us, at this period^ to reverse the \ 
 uatialvorder of things^ by throwing off our great coats when we/ ^ 
 Wfint on deck ta warm ourselves by exercise (the only mode, we 
 htul of doing so), and immodiatety restimuig them on coming be- 
 U^* On many of theie occasions! have seen atherinometef plac- 
 editt our feet, standing the whole day under -f 19% andaometimea 
 lower, irhi^^^tiother, suspended in the upper partbf die cabinu 
 wottld^ at; the same lime, indicate 33* or 34 , but sdldom higher 
 thanthi^^ /'We bad, about this time, two cases of lumbago ittid 
 one of diarvhoia added to die sick Iwt, which Mr. £dwar«u con- 
 aidiried to have been brotigfat on by the coldness of the decks l^<* 
 low; i;9 one of these cases, some scOrbudc avmptonss subs^quendjr 
 mpeared, which yielded withdtit tnttth diffiottlty to the usiial re- 
 medies; Mr, Sci^iihad, before this time, completely recovered* 
 The bed-plwcesGoittittttingver^ troublesome, lirom the aeouWiiils^: 
 d(ii 6f ice in them^ seVeiid of die men were ordered to sleep in 
 hammocks, which ue much moi^e warm and comfortable; but diey 
 had been so long accustomed to the bed^places, that theife vNA^m 
 th» rei^c^ a good deal of prejudice to overcome amc^ diem* 
 
 At half-past ten P.M.^ oathe t9ih^ the Attrora Borenltt waa/ 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
i Wtff ii w ; ?wps<igiJ!»<|Wi:#iy!ii 
 
 132 
 
 fleeh, w described by Lieuteaimt Beechy, « in bright comsiatioiify 
 shooting principally from the S.b.W. quarter acroM the zenith to 
 K.N.£., and partially in every part of the heavens. The lightr< 
 whM most vivid, was of a pale yellow, at other times white, €%<* 
 cepting to the south wurd, in which direction a dull red tinge waa 
 now wad then perceptible. The coruscations had a tremulous 
 waviiw motion, and most of them were crooked towards the 
 £.N.£. The fresh gale which blew at the time from the N.N.E., 
 appeared to have no effect on the Aurora, Which, as before ob*> 
 served, st^cMned directly to windward, and this with great veloci^. 
 The iM^ghter part of this meteor dimmed whatever stars it pMsed 
 aver, even those of the first magnitude ; and those of the second 
 and third magnitude^ so much as to render, them scarcely visible. 
 The wind blew too strong for the electrometer to be used^ hut 
 Kater's compass was not in the slightest degree affected. The 
 irhole of the phenomenon disappeared in about three quarters of 
 anhour." 
 
 On the 28(|, the weather was fine and clear, and thcmgh Uie th«r- 
 mbmeter continued from f— 34* to --36* in ihe shade, aiMt only rose 
 to-— dSf in Uie sun at two P.Mi, the walking was unusually .plea- 
 sant to otu> feelings. With our present temperature, the brmi of 
 a person, at a little distance, looked exactly like ^ smoke of a , 
 musket just fired, and that of a party of men em^kJyed upon the 
 ice to*day resembled a thick white cloud. 
 
 The weaker was still fine and dear overhead on the 84ti), hot 
 there being a moderate breete, from the northward which raised a 
 little anow<«diift, with the theimometer from ^^^ 43* to -«* 44* dHTr . 
 lag tile day, it was very severe in the open air. At a quarts, 
 past ten, wlule the men were running round the decks for exer- 
 cise, and were on that account fortunately well clothtfd, the house 
 on shore was discovered to be on fire. All the offieers, and men 
 of both ships, instantiy ran up to extinguish it; and haviag,.by 
 great exertion, pulled <}ff the roof with ropes, and knocked ^QWH 
 apsbt of the sides j so as to allow snow to be thrown Upon t|ie 
 flame8,:«e succeeded In getting it under, after three-i^iMtt^ of 
 an hour, and fortunately before the fire had reached ^t et4 of 
 tile hosise where the two clocks, together with tiie tfaniii, ahd otiier 
 valttaye instruihents, wm« standing in their caata* Having re- 
 n6ved these, and covered the riiins with snow, to })reveat any re-^ 
 mainis of fire from breaking out again, we returned oh board tiU 
 niore temperate weather should enable us to dig out the rest ol 
 tiie thingSf among which notl^ngof anv material consequehee "wm 
 sttbseqoentiy found to have aoffered injAry;aadf halving musieitd 
 the^^lps' companies to see thatth^ hadputoiidry ektii^ bi^EoiO 
 going todinaer,;they were employed during the rest of the day in 
 dryiag^ose which had been wet. The appearpace which e«r 
 flees presented at the fire was a curious one, alinost etery nobe 
 
133 
 
 and cheek having become quite white with frost-bites m five mi- 
 nates after being exposed to the weather; so that it was deemed 
 necessary for the medical gentlemen, together with some othera 
 appointed to assist them, to go constantly round, while the men 
 were working at the fire, and to rab with snow the parts affected, 
 in order to restore animation. Notwithstanding this precaution* 
 which* however, saved many frost-biteq^, we had an addition of no 
 less than sixteen men to the sick-lists of both ships in consequence 
 of this accident. Among these there were four or five casea 
 which kept the patients confined for several weeks; but John 
 Smith, of the artillery, who was Captain Sabine's servant, and 
 who, together with sergeant Martin, happened to be in the house 
 at the time the fire broke out, was unfortunate enough to suffer 
 much more severely. In their anxiety to save the dipping-needle. 
 Which was standing close to the stove, and of which they knew the 
 value, they immediately ran out with it ; and Smith, not having 
 time to put on his gloves, had his fingers in half an hour so be- 
 numbed, and the animation so completely suspended^ that, on his 
 being taken on board by Mr. Edwards, and having his handa 
 plunged into a basin of cold water, the surfocc of the water was 
 immej^iately frozen by the intense cold thus suddenly communicated 
 to it; and, notwithstanding the most human^ and unremitting at- 
 tention paid to them by the medical gendemen, ir <ras found neces- 
 sary, some time after, to resort to the ampuUtion of a part of four 
 fingers on one hand» and three on the other. 
 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 More temperate Weaiher-^Honse Re^JmiU^ffuaniit^ of Ice colkete4 on 
 a^ Hefla^s lower ieck^-^eteoroU^gkal Phenomena— Condmum 
 qf Theatric Bntertainments-^lnereaud Sieknees on board the 
 Grim—Chthet first dried in the onen JHr—RemarkabU OUos 
 and FarheHa—Bttowblindness—Cvmng the lee round the Shipip 
 t^fid other Occurrences to the close (^ Jtaif. 
 
 BEFORE sun-rise, on the mominp; of the Ist of March, LteU- 
 
 I .tenant Betichey reouirked so much bright red light near the south- 
 matem horizon, that he constantly thought Uie sun was rising, 
 netrly half an hour before it actually appeared ; there was a column 
 of light above the sun, similar to those which we had before seen. 
 The day being clear and moderate, a party of men was employed 
 
 V ifl 
 
 \t 
 
134 
 
 in digging out the things w|>ich were buried in the ruins ) th« 
 elocks were removed on beard for examinttion, and prepmtionfi 
 were made to rebuild the house for their reception. Somcl of our 
 gentlemen who walked to the south-west during the day, observed 
 the snow, in certain parts which were exposed to the sun* to be 
 glazed, so as to be very slippery, as if a partial thaw had taken 
 place. It is, perhaps, reqii|isite to have experienced the anxietf 
 with which we were now beginning to look for some favourable 
 chaage in the temperature of the atmosphere, to conceive the ea- 
 gerness with which this informatiooT was received, and the im- 
 portance attached to it in our minds, as the first faint indication of 
 the dissolution of the winter's snow. In the evening the wind 
 freshened from the southward, and before midnight hacTtncreMcd 
 to a strong gale, which is very unusual from that quarter* . 
 The thermometer rose very gradually with the wind, wliieli 
 blew strong for several hours during the night, but entirely died 
 away between eight and ninie A.M. on the 2d. At nine o'clock n 
 parhelion appeared on each side of the sun, at the angular distance 
 of 21' 38% that on the eastern side being bright and prismatic, the 
 other indistinct at first, but becoming as clear as the Other as Uid 
 sun rose higher. They were not seen after ten o'clock until half 
 past one P.M., when they re-appeared for a short time, at the dif 
 tance of 22*. About two P.M. a very thick kind of haze, or fog, 
 came on, which obscured objects at a mile's distance, and at timet 
 much nearer. By us, who anxiously caught at any thing which 
 could be construed into a favorable indication, this fog was hailed 
 with pleasure, as a symptom of returning moisture in the atmdi- 
 phere. 
 
 On the 4th there were more clouds in the atmosphere, and they 
 were harder and better defined about the edges, than they had 
 been before during the winter: a thermometer in the shade seemed 
 now also to be more affected by the general influence of the sun's 
 rays upon the atmosphere, rising from •— 30° to — £4* at noon* 
 At half^past eleven A.M, a halo appeared round the sun, at the 
 distance of 22Mir from it, consistin of a circle nearly compleite, 
 and strongly prismatic. Three parb 4, or mock suns, were dls*" 
 tihctly seen upon this circle; the 6' . uting directly over the aii^n* 
 and one on each side of it, at its . «vn t titudie. Hid brismatic tints 
 were much more brilliant in t'.e parhelia than in any other part of 
 the circle; but red, yelloW, ^i blue, were the only colours which 
 could be traced, the first of these being invariably next the sun in 
 i^ the phenomena of this kind ^vhich came under our biMenration* 
 I'rom the sun itself several rays of white light, contiguous bat not 
 very brilli^t, extended in various directions beyond the halO, ittd 
 these n^s were more bright after they had passed through the 
 circle, than they were in the part within it i this phenomenon con- 
 tinued for nearly two hours. The Aurora Borealis Was seen 
 
135 
 
 fainttynear the&L&W. horizon, for three or four hoors before 
 Hiidnight. 
 
 The 5th of Martt. fas b. most mild and pV««nnf day we had 
 experienced for teveral we«.»jf alight breeze . ./sgingup from 
 the sbuthwarSl and eastward^ having raised the thermometer grf- 
 dually from -— £6* at four A. M.» to — ^ 15? at n«on ; andt after di- 
 vine service had been performed^ almost all the officers and men 
 in both ships were glad to take advantage of it, by enjoying a long 
 wallc upoBi the nei^bduring hills. The weather had been hazy, 
 with Hfl^t snow and . some clbnds in the morning ; but the. latter 
 gtvduaify dispersed after noon, aflbrding us the first day to which 
 we could attach the idea of springs As soon as the clouds had al- 
 lowed the sUn tb com^ottt, a parhelion appeared on cach.side of it 
 at the same iltitudc ; that to the westward» which was seen on a 
 l^iok dark, cloud, being bri^t and prismatic ; the other, appearii^ 
 on the blue sky, being scarcely preceptible. A ray of btight .yel- 
 low li^ht extei^ed horizontally about d* or 4* on each side of the 
 parhelia, and also a stripe of prismatic colours from each.of Iheipl 
 to the horizon. Both these were prDbaUy parts of the circle 
 which are frequently seen to accompany these phenoaieQa» jand at 
 the iritersecUon df Which the parhelia usually appear. , ; . 
 
 On the 6th/at eight AiM., the thermometer h«d got upto z#^ 
 being the first time we had registered so high a temperature sin^ 
 the 1 7th of the preceding December. The wind veered ghidua% 
 from 9.S.E., round by west, t6 north, Sind at night was remarkaUy 
 variable and squally, frequently changing, almost instantly, froin 
 north to west, and viceversd ; aometimes being so light as not to 
 extinguish a naked candle at the g^gway, and at others blowing a 
 strong breeze. Squalls of this kind we had not observed before, 
 nor did they occur on any other occasion ; we could not perceive 
 ailky alteration in the thermometer while they iMted. 
 
 We continued to enjoy the same temperate and enlivening wea- 
 thei* (Ml the Ttfa, and.now began to flatter ourtelviss in earnest, that 
 the season had taken that favourable change for which we had sc 
 long been looking with extreme anxiety and impatience. This 
 hope WMi much strengthened by a circumstance which occurred to- 
 days (tnJdwhkhf trifling as it would have appeared in imy otiber si- 
 tuiition than ours, was to us a matter of no small interest and satiph 
 factidn. This was no other than the thawing of a small quantity of* 
 snow in a favouraUe situation ii^n the black paint work of the 
 ship*s stern* which eXaetljr laiced the south, being the first time that 
 such an event had occtirred for moreUian five monUis. The ther- 
 mometer at tl^s time stood at -f- 35* in the sun, but no appearance 
 of thawing took place, except in the situation described, and even 
 there, upon^the fellow paint th«r snow remained as hard as before. 
 Vfe could perceive, from the top of the north-eastern hill of the 
 t^llbour, froM which we had the most extensive view to-the south 
 
 i. 
 
136 
 
 and east, that a line of hummocks had been fStoftmu up to a con- 
 siderabie height upon the ice, at the distance of six or seven milea 
 lirom the land, and in a direction nearly parallel to it. It was here 
 probaldy that the junction of the old and ** young*' ioea had taken 
 place in the autumn, the space betweoi the Ime of hummoeln and 
 the famd' being occnp4ed by the ice which this winter liad produced, 
 and by the breakng up or dissolution of which we eduld aloue hope 
 to proceed on our voyage. '1 
 
 Advantagv was tak««n of the present mild and pleasant wealiher, 
 to rebuild the house on shore, which was oon^ted in a fe# days, 
 when the clocks were replaced in it, in reskliaeso for Ca{^uii 8a- 
 biiie to beg^n his escperiments on the pendulum, whenevter'the sea- 
 son would permit. The observations which we luid been enabled 
 to make during the winter were principally coined to lunar dia- 
 tanoes,<and to the altitudes of stars for iacing the apptavtit 
 time. It was our earnest desire to have o. lined a serleb of oli- 
 aenNitioDs on the zenith distances of certain stars, in ovder to ditteti- 
 miiie'die amountof atmospherical refraction intheie latitudes dur- 
 ii^l^-'the %iater season. The only instrument in our ;pdsse^on, 
 hoi^ever, which was adapted to this purpose was dije repeating cir- 
 cle, of which we were unfortuintely precludeid theiue by a nuili- 
 ber of chvumstances not previbusly ailtic^>ated, and lirhlch indeed 
 etiuld not easily have occurred to the minds of those accustomed 
 laii^fii wake observations in more temperate cli mates. A'vpanS- 
 euhi^ icc6unt of these difficulties being given in another |^ce % 
 l^tain Sabine whose unremitted attention waut foraome time de- 
 votid to the means of overcoming them, I sbail only here mention 
 •gliiefatly, t^tthe princtpid of them arose from the unequal oon- 
 ffffttidn'i^tli^ brass and iron, and from the freezing ttf the oil^ by 
 #hich thelnslrumeiit was so set fast as to make it impossibhito 
 turn it in aztoAUth I alto, from the extreme Contraction of die 
 splits, leaving Uo bubUeby which the level could be read. With 
 ifspett to the experimention the pendulum, it was on every at- 
 cquht eonaide#ed advisable to Wait for the return of spring, rather 
 than to attempt observations reqmring such mimueiW8S,and iso uni- 
 lliiili a temperature, at a ^me when the veiy touch ofinttrumen^ 
 wai p^nf^ and When no o^ervation could hi made 1u the optn 
 1^ i»^ithoUt carefi^ heldtiig the breath* v 
 
 Th% severe Weather which, until the last two or thi^e dnm, we 
 iMu) expi^lMiced for a lengdi of time, had be^ tiie means of keep- 
 Mgftt a ^!d stafte idl the vapour which had atsoumulated and fro^ 
 ^h upon thi£ sbips' sides on the lower deck. As long as ititil^ 
 tiiiued iil thii state, it did not prove a source of ahnoyaiice, ivpt- 
 <^itty as it had no eommunication with the bed-plaees. On the 
 l^tiiry, indited, I had ima|^iied, whether justly or^c^rw&e I 
 know not, that a lining of this kind rather dia Kood dian harm,%V 
 preventing the escape of a cerCEun portion of ime WUrmth thr0ti||$i 
 
wi 
 
 ^« ships* ,sidei. The Ute mUdncM of the weather, hov«Vfr, hnv- 
 ing, caused a thaw to uke pUce below, it now became tMceaaaiy 
 immediately to scrape off the coating of ice ; and it wUI, nwipa« 
 be scarcely €redite4>thajt we this day removed above one Aini^Md 
 bHcketo full, each containing from five to sis gallona, be^s thBilW- 
 cumulatioa which had taken place in an intjerval of lcas« ^«» fepir 
 weeks. It maybe observed, that this vapour nivat principally: have 
 been produced from the men's breath, and from the steam of th«^ 
 pricluals during mfals, that frojs thf coppera bei^g effectwiUy ear- 
 ned o|tclc<^kby^ the. screen which I have hffipre inentioiM4 
 ^ James Richardson, a seaman of the He<ilia, one of the mm m^ 
 |iad b^ attacked by lumbago a short time before, now eviaicadl 
 sonie sympiioina of fcurvy, and was, therefore, immediatdv puion 
 ttie anti^corbtttio diet« About this time, also, John t<t|ill^» 
 iM^WamVm^tjB oC the Griper, a|i4 William Wright* seamAH of 
 ^f I. 4c^ were attacked in a similar manner j and Uieae Cfvo qinHta 
 subsequently proved the. worst of i;his nati^re on, bc^ the ships. 
 Immediately, on the appearance of any complaint among the mi^ 
 mid especially when t|ie symptoms wer^ in the slightest ifegree scor- 
 buticr the p<iti«Qts were removed to thc^fSi<^k*bfiy,,ifl|ftr« tli^.bed^ 
 places were larg^f and more convenient, anid where as^nMM| su»yfi 
 was fixed when^ necessary, so as to make it a ,wbrm an^$«oai£ujiaF 
 **«* PH»ce, apa^ from the rest of the ship's company. * 
 
 From ten till eleven A.M. tUs day^ a h«}p ajn4 thioe^ p«^^id^ 
 were seen about the sun, in every reSp«ct, similar to tjiope desonli- 
 ed on. the 4tb. About one P.M., there being a fresh l>reeze ff^ 
 Jbie .northward, with some snow-drift^, ,tb« .parhelia te-«ppaare4 
 bemg much roore^brig^t and priMmrtic;t|ifmitt;t^e^f^^ 
 accompanied by the.usual. halo» which wps liemriF i9ommp aid 
 whose radius meff^ured 82i% The pavbciUa^m. eacli^e of ^ 
 aKipit^xe atvttmjBS,8obrightas toiici. ptO^ in ioohfi^ 
 
 steadfastly at themu. When they we?^hrigi>«W%*tha light |^ 
 nipriy jxrhitey aiid this generally occurred whan the wind wiia m^at 
 OMx^rate, ami w^n there was., consequeully less 8^ow<<|(^ik« 
 Wheii* on the other, hand, the wind and drift increai^,^^ef £««. 
 came ota deeper tint, but the red a^d a pale yelloif iif if & eifljr 
 distinguishable colouis, andformer being as usus^ msaEt the smi^ I 
 Thf se parhelia f^e much better resi^mblimces of the sun lliu anr ' 
 W9 hiii#e«i» befor^t^jbeins sm^er,moie compact jimd circalar, pnd 
 bettfrdem>cd,ab^ut their edges than usual, ppproaclunfl^ in eVe^ 
 respeet, nearer to thi^appeanmee of the sunV disk^ wWchhas-^ 
 tamed for them the name of mock-suns. «The pa^hetion over dp 
 fw,wasfev^jverybrig^t,.aiid ihocircfe^ ) 
 
 lr»»»ged^M*ithe ppsma^ci^^urs*^^ a hori36Q|i«!dciiQie 
 
 of palewhit^Jight psssed ||«wigh *ft suuV disk,,a^|^^ \ 
 
 tho9^^ Py hM^g, At uie sun thnough a coloured glass^^ii c^kunii 
 
 ■ S . . 
 
 ^/i./jy' 
 
 Si 
 
 !-, 
 
 ill 
 
 
138 
 
 
 'I 
 
 fm 
 
 \ df light wta tein Snider ft; Itt dftMi obserirMl tMfbM. The bright- 
 lliaHi of tl^e trhdle phenomeikm ▼•H«d every IlietaDt, en •eceunt of 
 ithJrWjjir^drtft. , 
 
 'WHUh ihls pheiKrnienon had eotathiued abdut bb hour end • hoir« 
 t #B>fM^«t^ • •egmem of inother ctrele aboire the Ihret, «id In- 
 f #en«d #ith reMrd td it; It* centre bcfaigioffletrhere aear the tealih. 
 ^ 7%4 .wiiiriafc tr6ih the imif Co thie segMieiit ww obtout S4\ tm neuly 
 lU nii^ iMdiidnctiieM oC^ letter would ello# of its heisg measur- 
 m^tjliiwhth d}ea^ft»f«red in two hdure end a half fton Itecom- 
 menceililekity 4wAog whfeh time, the thermomeCer wwhWk -^ tV 
 'm-^^'iKfi i^d the Whither fine and dear over head. From nine 
 l*.1lti; tin aiiidhighiy the Aurora Borealie appeared lilintl]^ in ^ 
 hdhlkdn tb the kooth, oeeallonilly streaming tdwirdi the 2ieBith in 
 eorueemidi^ofiMle iHiftellf^ %• 
 
 - On the ffth, it blew a ham gale ftom the netthwird and weiC^ 
 war4, ndsing a 8tiow«dnft wh|6h made the dajr dmoet at indement 
 ae in the midtt of whiter. The wind very suddenly ceased in the 
 efvMiiii|, 1^ while Oie atmosphere near the ships was so serene 
 <iid; utvdistitl^ that the imoKe rose quite penwAdioelivly, we saw 
 the 8tiow^«^ift on the hilte at one or two miW dislatiOe whiried up 
 into' the ^1*/ hi eolumaa several hundred feet hi|^» and cai^^ed 
 afoni%'^e wlhd, iomt^iniettO the north, and at ofheta liit^^p- 
 p^lte directioli. ThO snow, thus raised, at timet leseillM 
 Wfittti^ipiulli, but 1^ frequently appeared like smoke isaiilli|; 
 fNdIm durtbpB of ilii^lilUsf and, as sudi, was at first represejited'tD 
 
 OuihellKfh, liilii^iieDiintXIddon Imported anodier of his semften' 
 ib M tdli^oiid tM iii^ two ^soich «hip labettring^ 
 
 mr§ oi^l|«i^.t&ad«ir'dfirti#efiter Mr. ^ciHiiihdiki cdmpb^tted igdin 
 t1Mf#4<^iRbte^«ici:t^^ fait own aorouitt^M^lis^ tired ivMli 
 liittiti|^ :** by aiSilitio^, fibwever, to the warmth aiKl dryness of hit 
 tfiihfiigf, hit graduiliyivcovered' his former strehgdi as the season 
 
 % tllir i 161^^ breeiie fttim t^^ N.b.W., with a heavy sBOi#> 
 ihffc, ou the iMH, ii^hicfacouttaitted, wiill little Imtrmitfiion, ott 
 m^ ii^'iiitt ^ t4th } afording^^u^ a couvificing pto# that>die 
 ft^i^^dk^iilcli we had t^ the tp^^v^m^ 
 
 &%§t^itwk nol yet to be aiK^ompBshed. Put^hlg this timirthe 
 thl!NiDm«itet Itad ohee'mtire liilkt^ ae low m «-^ ^HiMge 
 
 itfllHi, iM^1!h#i^i#^ wofelfimttf^ltt ^e saIHe «liii^ 
 
 iiif il W^byd 'hM^(^e^#i^.<^'^^toi^^i^^ 
 i^^lili^i*C^ii^^#irtetUmate^iffl a-higfaer pifft of Oi* ecaU^ ilM 
 b|^'hitd^ol:diiibn to obierv¥thiithiti«^^ 
 
 i^k^il^a^^ ' •■■■"*■■" '->■' ■" ' .^■- •- ' 
 
 At bilr F.1^ Oft ihe i4th;^«e Weathe^'b^ 
 i)ie neriiontiltbr at ^d^Mn the sun, thete was « secoiid firtiil 
 
mmmm 
 
 wmmmimmm 
 
 iMliiB|l of the tao^ upoo tlM thipt* ften* ImneidUl# m Um 
 •iwinoinf up of. » kriit breez*, however, the themooMiter i^ thi 
 eon IcU to -(• 1 1% and et half*past two wee et 4. 6*, the temitenitairf 
 of the air in the ehede remaining ateadily (roaa-« U* to«» %9*» 
 At five P.M.* a parheiion wee oMerved on each eide of the tUBy 
 at itaowa altitude, and diatant from it 29* 10% with a pari of lAm 
 ueual horisootal circle, extending 9* or 3* from the outer edge 01 
 each parhelion. 
 
 On thj 16ih| thcae being little wind, the wealher wia agaiii 
 ihraeant and comfortahle, though the thermometer remaimd very 
 »w. While it continued nearly calm* we obeerved the following 
 diflerencee in the temperature of. the air in the ehade and m t)te 
 euoi the latter* were, however:^ acted 1^ a thermometer placed iMif 
 der the ehip*e etcm, which aituaticn waa a warm one» for the rear 
 son* before aaaigned* 
 
 fi 
 
 A.M. 9 
 
 . SRADE — 94* 
 
 8UH ^ M* 
 
 10 
 
 . --13* 
 
 . +«r 
 
 11 
 
 . —W 
 
 . +«M' 
 
 Noon 
 
 . — «• 
 
 . +«•* 
 
 P.M. 3 
 
 . . —13* 
 
 . -nr. 
 
 Xhie evenittgf the offiecra performed the ftrcea of , thp <ji^«t# 
 and the Maymr^ Garratt^ being the htat; of o«r theatrical amiite; 
 mtaialbr thia winter, the aeaaon.having wm arrived wk^ Jkm 
 wooU ao loMger be a want of occupation fier tha ji|e0|.|ind. whf n, U 
 became neceesary abo to remove a part of the roonug to adm 
 U^ to the oflmeva' cabina. Our poeta were again set 10 porh pk 
 <hia«coaaioat and an mpropriate addreae waa thia evening. ap9ihc|i 
 onAeckiaingAf the North Georgia Theatre, than which we m«yt 
 fNihmitvaoity^be peimitted to aay« none had ever dope mw» t^ 
 aafvice io iha eomaaunity for whoae benefit it waa Jvneodi^t 
 
 ^Bmo.^. the tteela*t seamen, who were. employad: on ahoM m 
 digging aionee Ibr hellaat, reported 00 tholKMh, that they M •Offfl 
 a g jl a iinotti gttil» oTtone of that epeciea kanpn to tailoii by jt|ia>^|pe 
 or^l>nilgimm»r<^^.. On being ^aeatipiM;4 Teepecthijs thia bip^ 
 thtyjMitia^<daaialMko» tfie impeoatbility^etf thew havifigmiatfriwp 
 Itp <fciBdi;4ii^ing4been^ m lU . Aa» hqiwever, 
 
 thaaegiillfecanBot MeU eiibaiBt !Brith(Mii«|»n water, of wMcb tilf c^ 
 wap^a^tMniynaiie^itho^tlffighbourhoQd lit that period, we co!^^ 
 tiispdjthiitrte^nlglii havoyhean an owl f a Mad (hat may, perhapii 
 tna>aiin»oft{the irtand,evaft daring Aa. whole winter^ ae the nblipi? 
 dance oft aaice (JUiw Hwkpnk^^ of which we conitantly taw ii|i| 
 tra^ «piaii> «he enow, Wo«ldl»rBiib them. irith an ftmjploM 
 ^food. ^wfM n9ovell|y;l»ipa,.ho(9rftfr, to aee •ny Uvwg M 
 in ihia de^diate aj^t ; lor om mavoivfiaai^d fo^tea, oiiroc^a^i^ 
 tiaitora during the win^i had almoit entirely deaertei «a lor 
 naiMnd wecka paat. 
 
 
 1 
 
 j.j 
 
 1 I 
 
140 
 
 i I 
 
 W\ 
 
 J 
 
 / 
 
 h TKe tielt ripopt «f tlw Griptr this dagr eoMtiatd no lett Own 
 ' ten CAMp, off whioli four wvre tcorbiitic, wbilt tbt aonibtr of tick, 
 or rather of convaleiceiit, o» board the Hee^ did not amooM to 
 half that attmhar. On inaiilriiig into th« probahla cauaa of ihia 
 ottraordittary proportioii of akk on board tha Gripar, which, jntt 
 at thia period, #hen their aervicea began to be nacaaaaiy to our re- 
 oi^uipmcnt^ waa likely to prove of aeriooa inip0rtanea» 1 found, from 
 Lieutenant Liddon, that the beama and bed-placea on tha Gripar'a 
 lower-deck had lately bean m ao damp a amta, in coiMaquence 
 df the coodenaation or the vt^oor upon themy and in qiite of ev«iry 
 endeavour to prevent it, that there could be little doubt of die 
 caliae to which the present unheallhineaa of the creW waa to»be 
 chiefly attributed. 1^ therefore, directed a survey to be heldhy 
 the thtec medical ofice.t, and a report to be made c^ their opinions, 
 as to the expediency of altogether removing the bed-placea, or of 
 adopting My other meaiM for obviating the evil in questipn. These 
 gentlemen were of opinion that the extreme dampness was •* occa- 
 aioned by tiie necessary prmumity of the bed-places to the vessels' 
 aideSf and the smallness of the lower-deck, in consequence of which 
 the vapoura formed were deposited in ao great abondanee, patti- 
 cularly during meal-times, diat die heat of the firea was inadequate 
 to reiftoiva the evil before the cauae waa again, renewed." They 
 Idierelbra feeommended tidiing do^wn the bed-placaa, in ord«r 4o 
 admit a aware free ventllationi aa well as a more equal diati^ibiition 
 of the' warmthy'Mid that hammocka should be subatUutad ia.dieir 
 place ; an alteration which was immediately adopted. While on 
 thia anbiect, #hich ia so intimately connected wtSdi the heiMof 
 taiin^m^the Arctic regions, it may be proper for me to ramark 
 timt, althott^ the bad-placea, which wei«fitiediitt%>ardthaifiei^ 
 mid GifpCTi give a «eat and comfortable appeavaner to tho lower 
 4$ck, tad ari'in reality a igreatconvenienee to the men -in many 
 fCip^n, yee that onr winter^a experience plainly ihewa themlobe 
 f gofavotirable to the accumulaUon of dampness or ice within tli«m, 
 ^'^hit thire can< ^remain little doubt^ of their unfitness for tlua aar- 
 viee; and, I believe, that hammoekjl will be found wainprywdf in 
 oViry^^respaet mOre^comfortabte to the nwn^ ilian«any o^ei. 4dnd 
 <bf sicephig^iplaee that could be adcpccd. Tdtte ovMia'jt^dwis, 
 'whtchare^necessarily closer to the shtp^f sldot^die^ann|0 TBwark 
 
 Epjplliea stilt more stfongfyrand^iiththiii difference only, tfatliiaon 
 ccoont of the want of mmthv cot* itiuat ^ iie uied vinate^ of{>lwm- 
 socka> The advantage or tlittS>femovingfifom dm ah^aidoswaa 
 Ttniarkatily proved in the case of dieutenant I4ddon^ whoae state 
 itf healihcWas «o bad during'the winter, that we at onetime inter- 
 miat»d imy serioua apprebenwona reapectii^ Juaui Jt waa 
 l^laedv therefore, about die tad of February, thtt lie^a^ould 
 3ii a totf at some distance from the side; and, from that pei 
 Jiis recovery was so rapid and so decided, that in a few weeka he 
 
 } ! 
 
Ml 
 
 '« 
 
 WM enabled to walk out every fine da> in the open tit lipr eser- 
 ctae, with the thennometer at twenty dcgrect bciow aero, and with- 
 out tb« tlighteet degrt e of inconvenience. 
 
 On the l^d we found* bv digging a hole in the ice, in the mifU 
 die of Uie hailiottr» where uie depth of waurwr.» four fathomt aad 
 n quarter, that ita thickaeat waa six feet and a half, and th%. toow 
 on the aurface of it eight inches deep. Thii may h^ con ii tiered 
 • fair tpecimen of the average formation of ice in thia nrighbour- 
 hood aince the middle of the precedinc September) abd at tb'^ 
 fretzins procett did not atop fin* more uwn us weeka after *hh » 
 the -produce of the whole winter may, perhapa, be reasonably tai) en 
 at aeven, or seven and a half feet. In chopping this v :. ' 'ith an 
 WMt die men found it very ha)l4 and brittle uU they ar ivc' ^ widi> 
 in a iipot of the lower surface, where it became 'oft and spongy. 
 
 At noon, on the S5th, two thermometers stood 
 f^i in the shade at -— A5*, and in the aun at 4- 30* 
 
 at 1P.M. . —33% . . +17* 
 
 3 . ^9ar, . +35* 
 
 3 —33*, . . +31', 
 
 the thermometer in the sun being pl^ed at a dbtance from the 
 ship, and the weather very calm and fine. The length of the d»y 
 hao now so much increased, that at midnight on me 36ch, theve 
 waa a very sensible twilight in>the northern quarter of the heavens; 
 mdauch was the rapidity with which this nut of the season ap- 
 peared to u» to have come round, that w. cr ild, with difficulty, 
 Eicture to ouraelvea the total darkness from which we had so 
 Italy emei^icd. 
 
 On the 9Bth, Lieutenant Beechey re'[r«rted, on his return from 
 a walk over the hills to the westwartY, 'iiat he had seen, even more < 
 plaUity than before, that refracted appearance in the southern hori- \ 
 ason, whioKbone a strong resemblance to distant land in that direc- 
 tion land^^wiiatia most worthy of notioBiStUl seeming to terminate 
 abruptly about m 8ib.£. bearing from Winter Harbour. The ther^ 
 mometer waa ut ^ia Hme at — '30*, and the mercury in the baro- 
 mctev atanding at 30^83 inches. y 
 
 On one of ue fine days iii die eariy part of March, in taking a 
 longer walk than usual, on the north aide of the harbour, we acci- 
 demally met with a small flat stone, on which the letter^£L.was 
 plairilljrt engraved. As there seemed little doubt that this had been 
 artificialiv done, and as, aince our anival in Winter Harbour, the 
 weather had been too cold to induce any of our people to sit down 
 on thegrcHind for the purpose of eawrcising their talent in this 
 wi^t we were entirely at a loss to conjecture how it came there, aod 
 various an^usmg speculations were resorted to, in order to accoimt 
 for it. Suice that time, the weather had not permitted our seod- 
 dinpi for it till the 1st of Aprilf when it was brought on board; and 
 ottinquiry am(»g the men, wc found that Peter Fisher, a seaman 
 
 t 
 
 I > 
 
 (■ 
 
 .( 
 
 -^ 
 
 !.i 
 
 i i 
 
'L 
 
 142 
 
 '^■■1 
 
 P-.1 
 
 Mi 
 
 U'^ 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 / 
 
 f 
 
 belonging to the Griper, who was one of the patty under Mr. Fife/ 
 respecting whom we had felt so much anxiety in the preceding 
 September, had, on that occasion, amused himself by bef^miag 
 to scratch upon the stone in question, the initials of his name.* 
 ISris circumstance ts only worthy of notice, from its proving to 
 how considerable a distance this party had Himbled, and haw com- 
 pletely they were in error as to the direction in which they had beea 
 travelling} the distance between the two places being twenty-fiv« 
 miles. I was in hopes^ also, of finding out by this means, the sitn» 
 ation of a large lake which Mr. Fife reported having «eeii« and 
 from which he brought a small fish of the trout kind ; but the mmre 
 I questioned bim md his party, the more I was convinced of the 
 Ikue dependance to be placed on the account of persons circum« 
 stanced as tiiey were, and <^ tiieir utter ignorance as to the part of 
 the island in which tiie lake was to be found. # 
 
 In the evening a parhelion was seen on each side of the sun^ 
 and a tbirddbove it, as usual, at the angular distance of 22* 20', 
 the two first bdng strongly marked by the prismatic colours, smd 
 the other very indistinctiy. ^^ ^ 
 
 Eu'ly on thie morning of the 3d» we observed an effect of refract 
 lion very coanmon in seas having much ice. It consists in the im? 
 ages of hummocks of ice, refiea<ed and inverted, m which auMt 
 Itom the apparent shape of these images, the ice is techmcally amd 
 to ** tt'ee." This a|^>earance is considered by the Gceenlaod.aaif 
 lors» as an indication of dear water in the direction in whidh> k it 
 aaen, which was certainly not the case this morning. > ^i^^ r 
 
 At nine A.M.* on the 5th, the weather being very ^few, and tiie 
 Aermometer at -m.|8*, we observed a halo roi^ the auur n^cb 
 was at times nearly xiomplite. Inhere was, m. usual, a ftarhdioii 
 en each wdb of the sun, a( the same altitude, and distinct^ prisma- 
 tic. TlM»re was also a third parhelion in ^at part of^he c'u?^ 
 ramncdiately i^ve^tt stw, and this had a pectiliafity attending it 
 which we had never before observed. Although the weatfaett^waa 
 ii^arkably fine wid cbmr^tiie atmosphere was ^U c^ innumienriile 
 minute tptcuias of snow glittering in the sun^ which we had never 
 beftKre seen oo a bright fwi<^hitty dayy though, we had eonstantac- 
 cauon to remarJisuch a depiosit^ at times when> the weaker ctmld 
 1^ no means be caHed hazy, rad when the heavenly bodies weKft 
 ^tactly viaible. l%fpariieMai^ above the sun appealed to be 
 efi^eatfy formed %r tiM refiectioaof ^e sim's rays to tite^e, li^ 
 miiafinite Buoftber e^these^apicaSai, commencing dose to ma ob- 
 
 ^ WhtiiMr. Rfe «nd bit p«rtj rrtwnwilftma tint exmrrion, » w... »».» ^ .«.- 
 
 V«>^f loip t«iM>iw.i're«h fiaber wa»i wi hov l«tM« ^fim«ma to imifd «MJkHi •>•»- 
 
 " ■ way, of vliieb,1nt«^, ttw it^wiMiwo Iwk »«% 
 
 K vws natttr tfiiat- 
 
 peiHHf, as Mir ibing obt of the edmnron war. 
 tc<lfl#atl»V(iwir WbenMked,< 
 
 , oii'hii 1^ *rH«ailiitf boiiifl ojn'thtt (oiaMOi^ «ltet A|#* 
 fcMlli«t|tmm,<<U«MlapQ(l/'MidKid»e%;di7l|r, <«tbe Oaki pi v*-3Wl«lon vt^mA 
 » well, y^c had groiue for breakfast, grouie for dinner, and grooK fipr luppcr* w b* 
 
 I. 
 
 
 V \ 
 
 ' '^t'^mtltt^'^ 
 
 .,jtnB^P'**^f5*'^— * 
 
 ^ 
 
mm^ 
 
 _SGiK..f »:3 
 
 143 
 
 server, and contimiing to w to be easity disUnguishable for at least 
 one or two hundred yards from the eye. Th» parhelion might at 
 timet be easily teen to consist of the intersection, or rather the 
 torching, of two circles taming opposite ways, of which the plua- 
 «st was genendly the upper one, or that which had its convex 
 aide dowowwrds. At about «B* above the parhelion, being nearly 
 the same distance that the latter was above me sun,astreak of g^ 
 taring spicule was permanently see» in a horizontal direction ; bat 
 there was «o little of it, that it was difficult to say ot what regular 
 figure it ftnrmed a part* This phenomenon continued above an 
 hour. 
 
 ' Being extremely anxtons to get rid, as early as possible^ of the 
 drjring of 4»ur washed clotheigiipon the lower deck* I had to-day a 
 mellisKtiEefthief washed, attoliuog up under the stem, in order to 
 . dy the efleet of the sun^s r^ upon it« In four hours it became 
 AM0ttghly,dry, die thermometer In the shade being from -— 1«" 
 to — 6*, at the time. This was the first article Uiat had been dried 
 vrltlKHit artificial h<;at for six months, and it was yet anodier mooA 
 before ^<*nael could be dried in the open air* When diis is consi- 
 dered, i well as that during Uie same period, the airing of the 
 bedding, the dtying of the bed-i^aces, and the ventilation of tfaib 
 inhibited parts of the ship, were wholly dependent on the saose 
 meansi^ and tl^ with a very limited supply of fuel» it may, perhapa^ 
 be- conceived in some degree, what unremitting attention was n«^ 
 ceitatiy tO'the preservation of healdiy under circumstances so uok 
 favourable and' even prejudicial.- 
 
 l '^'At midnight, on the 7th, there was ltght«nough to read the ther^ 
 Ipnmmlter with great ease. On the 8th Uie weather was serene and 
 dear r the southem horizon being much raised by refraction, and 
 preaenttng very strongly the same appearance of land which had so 
 olNm be^ire beeA observed in that quarter. A few ^in white 
 douds which irere floating in the atnlOsphere to-day, had much 
 of that ceadency to arcb,ivhidh has before been described on one 
 ct two ocCfiaUHis* Two distinct arches were thus formed thit 
 morning, one in the northern, the other in the southern hemis^heK 
 of the heavens, their altitude in ^e cetute h^ing from ao^ to 45% 
 and joining at each end in the £.Ii.£. and W.^W. points df the 
 horizon; '^ 
 
 Fvom half-past ttx till eight A*M.yon the 9th, a halo, with^par- 
 hi^, was observed id>ont the sun^aiiiklar in every resprct ttl^moae 
 dMcribed on the 5th^ ' ^At one;9;ii. j^eae^^Miiomena re-appeaNi^ 
 togetiier with several others of the a«iiw nature. 
 
 The protracted lengtii of tha^«flittiarbeg^ now to make nan^ 
 than uauaQ)^ impatient^ and to«r«a«e ipv tis twuwmabte awy al i iN^iliiia 
 let* oar <««ape from Witfter HalbiMur should unavwdimiyr Jbi[|«|Mi» 
 fitted i M period too late tot the aeetnnpHthment of thotorfimine 
 h^et, with which the last year's tucoess had induced us ter nmr 
 
 1.1 
 
 ! 
 
 
144 
 
 
 h • ■ 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 ounclves. The extraordiiMiy degree of cold which continued day 
 after day was luch a«. we bad oeriainly. not anticipated } and when, 
 at this period, vi^ the sun aboire the borixonlor seventeen hours 
 out of the four and twen^, the thermometer was stall occasionally 
 £[dl|ing ^B low as «— 31% which it did at four this morning, it must 
 be confessed that our future prospecta of advancement began to 
 wear a very unpromising aipect. it may.be imagined, also, wtl^ 
 what anxiety we watched for the first appearance of a thaw, bolAi 
 on share and upon.the ice round the ships, in neither of which had 
 any such appearances yet become perceptible, except that here and 
 there, where the snow happened to lie ,v«ry thin upon the, ground, 
 allowing the sun's rays to penetrate to the earth» a sufficient degree 
 of heat had been mdiated 'partiialIa||lo thaw the snow, fprmiiig^tit 
 into a. thin transparent calt^ likelT plate of iglw* ;. Indee<iv^thf 
 cloudless skyt and the uniformly white surface of aefi. an4 hmd^ 
 which jcharacterize the climate of MdviUe Inland at this peiiod« 
 are ill calculated to impart warmth to the atmosphere } vnd it was 
 not till the clouds became gradually, more densei and frequent, and 
 the earth had, by slow degrees, become uncovered in parts, so as 
 to admit the absorption and radiation of heat, that |he dissolution 
 c»f the snow could go on to any considerable extent. 
 
 In the afternoon of the l6th> l^e weather being clear and nearly 
 calm, Mr. Hooper and myself observed a colouring in somelight 
 fleecy clouds, whichfprmed on^ of themost beautiful phenomena 
 that I had ever seen. These douds, which were sauiU ami white^ 
 and almost the only ones in the Wavens* assumed, as they approach- 
 ed and passed under the sun, the most soft and exquisite tints of 
 light lidce, bluish green» and yelloipr q^ut their edges, that can 
 possibly be imagiaed. » These tintSi appeared only when the clouds 
 were within 15° or 20* of the suHi were brightest as, they p«sae4, 
 under it, which they did as dote «»T. «id began to bf again iti* 
 distinct at 10* from it. Some of the clouds remained coloured in 
 this way lor upwards of a quarter of an hour {there did opt sciem 
 to be any regimitarrangf ment of tintSf as in the prismatic specttunr, 
 but the lake was always* next the 8Utt.s 
 
 It was a source of extreme satls^ctioii: to me to find th^t this 
 health of both ships' companiejiv w<sre d^ly improving as the sen- 
 son adisanced ; so that by the/ middle of April, the Griper's sick 
 list WM reduced to four, all of whom were convalescent ; and pn 
 bo»d jdie Hecla, Mr. Edwards ha4 but a jiingie patient, WiUiilm 
 gcottv boatowain's-mat«, who J6i(f»!^jpiimpl^ned of pneumonia about 
 tiiis tim^i and whose. case sutMie^uently assun^ed a more dangerpua 
 character.'' •-•,..■.*' 
 
 . . On the 19th and SOtb, the thfrmometa^ kept up nearly to sejro, in 
 «eosequi!|lce'Of the wind blowiugJrom the E.SJE., and continued 
 snowf^ which we remark^ 'Wm.Wt^hkgjmshore^^ the 9t»h 
 that as mucli had. fallen in the last two days as during the whple 
 
 •■ ^'-^il^•■^^■l!f, *■■-■' 
 
14S 
 
 oiF the winter. The spiculaefwere also much less minute than bt' 
 fore, though the snow could not as yet be said tafall in flakes* 
 
 The wind, which had blown fresh from the eastward for several 
 hours» moderated at half past two A.M. on the S5th, and the ther- 
 mometer fell from 4-4" to *-> 1* at four o'clock. As Ae Wind 
 freshened again, the thermometer once more rose, and by ei|;ht 
 A.M. stood at -j- 10** On the two following days Captain Sabme 
 made some observations on the difference in the temperature of 
 the atmosphere in the sun, and in the shade ; which ihew the ef- 
 fect of the sun's rays much more correctly than those made on 
 board, as it is almost impossible to pi'event the thermometer from 
 being affected by the radiation of heat from the ship. <* Two poets 
 having hcen fixed in the snow|;at a short distance apart, and con- 
 nected by a line passing through the shadow cast, by the observa- 
 ^ry, about the middle of the day, two mercurial thermometers^ 
 being an exact pair, and having their bulbs unprotected, were sus-* 
 pended from the line, one being exposed to the sun, and the other 
 in the shade of the observatory ; the bulbs of boUi were six or 
 eight inches from the show.'' 
 
 h. m. stfN. 
 
 Apriue. 1 oop.^f, +^^' 
 
 2 -^ 22 
 
 2 13 93 
 
 9 18 24 5 
 
 2 35 20 5 
 
 % 50 21 6 7 
 
 6 — • 9 5 4 5 
 
 April 27. 11 20A.M. 15 5 
 
 11 30 20 7 
 
 1140 34 9 
 
 11 45 23 5 8 
 
 11 55 24 8 
 
 25P.M. 21 7 
 
 1 — 20 7 
 
 2 20 25 7 
 2 45 lO 4 
 
 SHADE. 
 
 re] 
 
 6 5 A gentle air, 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 Almost cidBi. 
 
 5 
 
 5 A breeze sprung upi» 
 
 The morning of the 27th being very fine, and the thermometer 
 at 4. 6% the ships* company's bedding was hung up to air, between 
 the fore and main rigging, being the first time we had ventured to 
 bring it from the lower deck for nearly eight months. While it 
 was out, the births and bed-places were fumigated with a compo- 
 sition of powder mixed with vinegar, and known familiarly by- the 
 name ofdeviis; an operation which had been regularly gone through 
 once a week during the winter. 
 
 T 
 
 t f « 
 
 
■:i,Am^i^^.-^^>' 
 
 146 
 
 '"ThUtvttkmg^ and during the whole night, we experienced, for 
 the fivtt ttttie this^selison, a fog, such as occurs in more temp«ratef 
 climates, arid which the sun dispersed on the following morning ; 
 the^ikiine thingagain occurred the next day. 
 ''i«At iMdf pist twaP.M. on the S9tb- Mr. Edwards and myself 
 obierv^d 'the xlouds coloured in the same beautiful and delicate 
 manneras on the l<^h ; except that thenints were now not so vivid, 
 the 'dovds pasibingf farther frimi the sun« A parhelion was also 
 •fcen;tbn each side of the sun horizontally ; both were faint and 
 fleiitei white. 
 
 ftrl^'havt before mentioned the circumstance of our lower rigging 
 havMftghtfeA'very slack during the severity of the winter, and again 
 becodie tight r^s the warmer weathe|icame on. Even now this had 
 taken ^^ce so dSeMuaUy, that the rigging was full as tight as when 
 we left the rivet Thames twelve months before. I have been the^ 
 more partiimlar in mentioning this fact, because the circumstance 
 0f''% b(ecdming slack i^ the cold is at variance with the accounts 
 of ofthcr. navigators*. ' 
 
 For the last three or four days of April, the snow on the black 
 cloth of our housing had begun to thaw a little during a few hours 
 in the middle of the day, and on the 30th so rapid a change took 
 place in the temperature of the atmosphere, that the thermometer 
 stood at the freezing, or, as it may more properly be termed in 
 this climate, the thawing point, being the first time that such an 
 event had occurred for nearly eight months, or since the 9th of the 
 preceding September. This temperature was, to our feelings, so 
 auch like that of summer, that I was under the necessity of using 
 my authority to prevent the men from making such an alteration 
 in their clodiing as might have been attended with very danj;er- 
 ous consequences. The chanse of temperature during the>'month of 
 April, was so rapid| that the thermometer ranged froih •— 32* 
 to 4- 32* in the course of twenty days. There was, at this period, 
 more sa^w. upon the ground than at any other time of the year^ 
 &te average depth on the lower parts of the Idnd being four or 
 five inches, but much less upon Uie hills ; while in the ravines a 
 very large quantity had been collected. The snow at this time 
 became so soft, from the influence of the sun upon it, as to make 
 Wslking very laborious and unpleasant. 
 
 This rapid chmge in the temperature of the atmosphere agaii re- 
 fjhred our hopes of a speedy departure from Melville Island; and 
 tilich ifrere the sangpuine expectations which animated us at this pe- 
 riod, that I believe there was not an officer or man, on board either. 
 
 ". "On the morning of the 5th, (November), it was dueovered that almost aH the sh(Mti|l 
 (p!^SlactnMrd side of the tihip were broken, wbieh happened from eontrnction and tenM-.' 
 nen, caused h) in»t.".~Jlccount of Betit^t Voyage, A.D. l74l« BiiB5Ur'» Mrth-Ea*' 
 
 
Uf 
 
 *^. 
 
 •f ^e ihips, who had not made up his mind to ^/^ prob«)bility 
 of our leaving Winter Harbour by the middle or lati^r part of 
 June. 
 
 The fine and temperate weather with which the month of AprU 
 had concluded, induced Captain Sabine to set the clocks going, 
 in order to commence his observations for the pendulum, and h^ 
 now took up his quarters entirely on shore for that purpose. On 
 the first of May, however, it blew a strong gale from the northr 
 ward, which made it impossible to keep up the desired temperature 
 in the house ; and so heavy was the snow-drift, that in a few hours 
 the house was nearly covered, and we were obliged to communicato 
 with Captain Sabine and his attendants through a small window, 
 from which the snow was, with much labour, cleared away, thf 
 door being quite inaccessible. We saw the sun at midnight fo^ 
 ^i^e first time this season. 
 
 The gale and snow-drift continued on the following day, when 
 We had literally to dig out the sentries, who attended the fire at 
 the house, in order to have them relieved. I feel it right to men- 
 tion these circumstances, that the difficulties with which Captain 
 Sabine had to contend, may be duly appreciated in the making of 
 observations that require, even under every favourable circuni^ 
 •tance of weather and climate, no ordinary share of skiU and at- 
 tention. 
 
 The day being moderate and fine on the 3d, we perceiyed that 
 the late gale had almost entirely uncovered the higher parts of the 
 land, the snow being blown into the ravines and hollows. W^ rer 
 marked, in the forenoon, that thf^ clouds had a tendency to foii^ 
 two distinct arches across the heavens from N.N.E. to S.8.W., 
 joining at the horizon, but separating gradually on each side of the 
 zenith to the distance of 8* or 10^ from each other. At ten P.M. 
 a parhelion was seen on each side of the sun, at the usual distance, 
 and slightly tinged with the prismatic colours. 
 
 Being desirous of making some observations on the height and 
 time of the tides, I directed a hole to be cut through the ice under 
 the ship's stem, and a pole, graduated in the upper part to feet and 
 inches, dropped through it, and securely moored by a heavy weight 
 to the bottom. Our observations commenced the afternoon of the 
 4th, and the height indicated by the pole was registered every hour 
 in liie Hecla's log-book. The snow which we had in the autumn 
 banked up a^inst the ships' sides was now cleared away, in reacUf 
 ness for cuttmg the ice round them, an opera ion which I was ans> 
 ious to perform previously to our making any alterations in the quaa* 
 tity or distribution of the weight in our holds, lest the ships should 
 Mceive any injury from doing so, in their present confined situation. 
 It is of course not easy to judge in what degree the banking up of 
 tile snow had been serviceable, in retaining the warmth within the 
 ships, but there can be littie doubt that it produced a considerable 
 
1^ 
 
 
 ;■ / 
 
 
 ttttet in tbi* way^ at well perhai^^r as in lessening, in soma tnei* 
 aurv» the thickness of the ite which formed around them. 
 
 On the 5th Mr. Edwards reported that Mr. Crawford, the 
 dreenland mate, who had, for severisl days past, been complaining 
 of pains which Appeared to be rheumatic, shewed some symptomi 
 of tile scurvy, which made it neccttsary to resort to the autiscorbatic 
 diet. It was worthy of notice, that Mr. Crawford was one of the 
 most' clean, temperatty and cheerful men in the expedition, and, lift 
 nuch, was one of the least likely to be thus aflected. The washed 
 dothes of the ships' company Were thik day dried entirely in the 
 open nir. 
 
 On the 6th, the thermometer rote no higher than +81* during 
 the day; but, as tht wind wns moderate, and it was high time to 
 endeavour to get the ships once more fairly aflbat, We commenced 
 the operation of cutting the ice about them. In order to preveht* 
 the ihett «affering from wet and rold feet^ a pair tt stmng boots 
 and bbot-stockings were on this occasion selrved to eachi being part 
 of a cidmplete h\nt of warm clothing, with Which 1 had been sup- 
 plied ibr the purpose of issuing them to the ship's conipattie* 
 gratis, whenever I should see occasion. As the sun became low 
 towai^s midnight, the usnalpurhelia appeared about this luminarv. 
 ^ At half-paat nine A.M., on the icfth, Lietitehant Becchey ob* 
 served a halo roi nd the sun, consisting of a complete circle, and 
 ah arch of another, Aching the first in the part imme ^lately above 
 ^e sun, ami having its centre apparently from 40* to dJ* ft-om that 
 objects There were two parheha faintly prismatic «m uauftl^ but 
 nbottt S' without the ciriele. 
 
 ;^1rMs phenomenon Was remiiiliible, on account of the pariieliA- 
 nbt beini^ situated v^on the halo, el wak usually the cue* It now 
 occuhta «c» meythiiit Oh the {^receding day, when the sttme pheAo*> 
 menott bad been faintly rieeu, Mn Niat, whom I directed to mea- 
 sure the angular distance between the parheliA and thie sun* had 
 t«nort6d ft to be S4* 40'i the radius of the halo being SS|^ is uftiial. 
 "Fhis I coniiderted to have been an unevoidable error in the men- 
 iurement of an ill-defined objeict; but, on re{>«iating It, his fik%t re* 
 port was found to be coirrect. Otti the pres<int Occasion, Lieutenant 
 Beech<^ saw it for bo shc»t a time as not to allow him to measure 
 tiie distance. 
 
 The expedition having, at its departure fhim England, b«en %ie- 
 Hialledforno more than two years^ of Which one hadnowekpit*ed» 
 f considered it expedient, as it mktter of pfeeautioh, to riduce 
 the daily allowance of all the kinds of provision to two-thlrdi of 
 the established proportion, whic^h regulation accordingly took pkee 
 from this day« The cheerfulRen^ with Which thlA reduction Wtl 
 itceiv^d by both officers and men, was to me an additionkl and 
 highly^gratifying proof of that fii-m and 2eal0ua principle of duty 
 1^ which their conduct was at all traics regulated* 
 
 'T 
 
 k 
 
 
 n 
 
^149 
 
 
 • 
 
 t. 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 
 1 --iw 
 
 A- 
 
 IT 
 
 d 
 
 I. 
 
 1- 
 (* 
 \t 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 le 
 »f 
 le 
 II 
 d 
 
 y 
 
 i 
 
 k 
 
 ' On the 12th, one of the meiif employed in digging^ turf on shortf, 
 reported that he had seen a ptartrtigah, an event Which; trifling as 
 'it was* created no small degree of interest among us, who had now 
 'been deprived of (Veah meat for nearly six moUtha.; it was also 
 hilled as a stire omen of returning summer* Thid was furthe): 
 confirmed by Mr. Beverly hkvtng on the 18th killed a male ptar- 
 migan, AUd by anmher being seen on the following day, as yrell 
 is the first trfltks of rein-dedr and musk<«xen« which indicated 
 their route to be directly to the northward. The time of the re- 
 fUrti of these animah to Melville Island, from the continent, is 
 ifhus satisfactorily aicert^ined } and it was ftuggested by Captain 
 Sabine, as a circumstance worthy of remark, that the period of tbeir 
 migration had occurred withilic first fint weather which took place 
 nfter the commencement of constant daylight. In examining the 
 .^e^di and small buds Cbtttained in the maw of the bird killed by 
 Mr. Beveiiy, they wiere found to Coutiist entirely of the native planfii 
 Of the island, and principally those of the dwarf-willow, so that the 
 i>ird had perhaps arrived a day or two before that time. On the 
 lAth, two or three coveys of ptarmigan were seen, after which they 
 became more and more numerous, and a brace or two were almost 
 daily procured for the sick» for whose use they were exclvilively 
 reserved. An it Win of the utmoM importance, under oUr present 
 circumitaficea, that every ounce of game which We might thus pro<- 
 «ure, Ahould be served ib lieu of ilio other meat, I now renewed the 
 otdera formerly gtvi^n, and which Afterwards obtained among us the 
 AAme of M |;*^^^>^^f that every animal killed wak to be considet^ 
 ^ atf pUbBc property ; And, as sUch, to be regularly issued like any 
 «fher klhd or provlsioh, without the slightest distinction between 
 thfetkies&es of ^te officers And those of the ships' companies. 
 
 SoMi of dUf^men bAViog, ih the course of their shooting excui^- 
 {SiOnlt,Deen eitposed Ibk* several hours to the glare of the sun and 
 AlkOw, refUHiedat ttij3[ht, much affected with that painful infllamma^ 
 tl^n in th« eyes,' ofccaiiiOhed by the reflection of intense li^t from 
 Hii^ snow, iaidid by the WArinth of die auh, and called in America 
 ** snoW^blindnMs^" This complAiht, of which the sensation etactlj^ 
 riisembtes KihAt fHi^Uieed by large pArticles of sand or dust in th« 
 «yet, is Cuttd bjitaomie tribes of American Indians, by holding 
 them oVe^ this steam of WAter; but We found A coolinv wash, made 
 Of A smAll ttttAUtlv^ ^f Acetate of leAd mixed with cold water, more 
 effitAdouS in relieving the irritation, which was always tlone in 
 three or four dAj^, even in the most severe cases, provided thfe 
 eyes were cArefUlb^ {{uaMed fVOm the light. As a preventive of 
 this Complaint, apiece 6f btack crape wa^ given to each man, to 
 be worn as a kind of short veil attached to the hat, which wn 
 !R>ttnd to be very seWiceable ; a still more convenient mode, adop^ 
 ed by some of the officers, was found equAlly efficacious {this con^ 
 iist«^ in tsddng the glAsses out of a pair of spectacles, and substi" 
 
 * '.?-it 
 
H50 
 
 tilting, black or green cra^, the glau having been found to heat 
 tb« eyeii« and increase the irritation. 
 
 The exhalations ariung from the earth were about this time ob- 
 aerved to be very abundant, producingt during the day-time, much 
 of that appearance of waving tremulous motion in distant objects* 
 which the French call nurage^ and which was usually succeeded 
 by a fog at night, as soon as the atmosphere had become cool. 
 
 During one of these fogs, at four A.M., on the 16th, the sky 
 being perfectly clear in the zenith to 30* of altitude, whilst a dense 
 haze rested on the land and ice. Captain Sabine observed " a haze- 
 bow of distinct and dazzling light, having its edges softened off, 
 and without any appearance of prismatic colouring. The legs of 
 the bow rose out of a bluish haze, the colour of which somewhat 
 resembled that of weak starch ; not quite half a circle was com- 
 
 {>lete ; the middle of the arch was between 2S* and 23* above the 
 , andf which is of little elevation, and the legs were 7i* apart. Thn 
 weather wil' neariy calm, and there had been a considerable depo« 
 aition of frozen dew throughout the night. Similar phenomena 
 were observed on the mornings of the 20th and 23d, about the 
 hour.»' 
 
 same 
 
 On the 1 /th, we completed the operation of cutting the ice round 
 the Heda, which was performed in the following manner : The ii^e 
 alongside the ships was found to be six feet thick, being about eigh- 
 teen mches less than the average thickness of it in Winter Harbour, 
 owing principally to our having continued to cut it round the ships 
 for some time after the commencement of the winter, and in part, 
 perhaps, to the snow with which-it had there been thickly covered. 
 We began by digging a large hole under the stem, being the same 
 as that in which the tide-pole was placed, in order to enter the. 
 aaw, which occupied us nearly two days, only a amaU number of 
 men being able to work at it. In the mean time, all the snow and 
 rubbish was cleared away from the ship's side, leaving only the 
 solid ice to work upon; and a trench, two feet wide, waa cut the 
 whole length of the starboard side, from the stem to the rudder, 
 keeping within an inch or two of the bends, and taking c«'e here 
 and there to leave a dike, to prevent the water which might poze 
 into one part from filling up the others in which the men were 
 working. In this manner was the trench cut with axes, to the 
 depth of about, four feet and a half, leaving only eighteen inches 
 for the saws to cut, except in those places where the dikes remained. 
 The saw being then entered in the hole under the stem» was work- 
 ed in the usual manner, being suspended by a triangle made ci 
 three span ; one cut being naade on the outer part en the trench, 
 and a second, within an inch or two of the bends,' in ordeir to avoid 
 ^juring the pUmks. A small portion of ice being Inrokenoprnow 
 and then by bars, handspikes, : and ice-chisels* floated, to the surface, 
 «n4 wa» hooked out by piecemcfaU This operation was a cd4 vv^ 
 
 ' }i 
 
 ,«^.pJ^;'Wf?rr?>. 
 
151 
 
 f 
 
 tedious one, and required nine days to complete it. When tlw 
 workmen had this morning completed the trench within ten or 
 twelve feet of the stem, the ship suddenly disengaged herself from 
 the ice to which she had before been firmly adhering on the lar- 
 board aide, and rose in the water about ten inches abaft, and nearly 
 eighteen inches forward, with a considerable surge. This disen> 
 gagement, to which the sailors naturally applied the term ** launch* 
 ihg," confirmed my supposition, that the ship was held so fast by 
 the ice, as to make it dangerous to alter materially the stowage of 
 the holds, but in a manner the very reverse of what 1 had appre- 
 hended. This circumstance, however, on consideration, it was not 
 difficult to explain. In the course of the winter, the strong eddy 
 winds about the ships had formed round them a drift of snow, 
 seven or eight feet deep in some parts, and, perh«ips, weighing a 
 hundred tons ; by which the ice, and the ships with it, were carried 
 down ndjacb tN»tow tlie natural level at which they would otherwise 
 have floated. In the mean time the ships had become considerably 
 lighter, from the expenditure of several months provisions; so that, 
 on both these accounts, they had naturally a tendency to rise in 
 the water as soon as they were set at liberty. 
 
 The ships being noW'once more fairly afloat, I directed a strict 
 and careful survey to be commenced of all the provisions and 
 stores of every kind remaining on board each ship, and at the same 
 time the Griper to be supplied with the quantity which the HecUi 
 had stowed for her, amounting nearly to the proportion of every 
 kind for twelve months. In the mean time, a party of hands wese 
 occupied in breaking and weighing the stones for ballast, while 
 others were getting out the sails and boats, and our carpenters, 
 armourers, coopers, and sail-makers, having each their respective 
 employments, our little colony now presented the most busy and 
 bustling scene that can be imagined. It was found necessary to 
 caulk every part of the upperworks, as well as all the decks, the 
 seams having been so much opened by the frost, as to require at 
 least one, and in many parts two threads of oakum, though the 
 ship had scarcely ever laboured at all since she was last caulked. I 
 also at this time laid out a small garden, planting it with radishe% 
 onions, iflustard and cress ; and a similar attempt was made by 
 Lieutenant Liddon : but, notwithstanding every care and^ttentioQ 
 which could be paid to it, this experiment may be cald to have, 
 wholly failed, the radishes not exceeding an inch in length by the 
 latter end of July, and the other seeds being altogether thrown 
 away. Not even a single crop of mustard and cress could be thus 
 raised in the open air; and our horticulture was, therefore, once 
 more confined to my cabin, where, at the present mild temperature 
 of the atmosphere, those two vegetables could be raised without 
 any difficulty, and in considerable abundance. I nuy remark^ 
 however, that some; common ships* peas, which wore sown by oar 
 
15^ 
 
 riople for their amusement, were found to thrive so well, that, ba4 
 been sooner aware of it, a great quantity of the leaves at least of 
 this vegetable might have been grown, which» when boiled, and 
 eaten as greens, would have been no small treat to persons deprived 
 of fresh vegetable substance for more than ten months. It is not 
 improbable also, that, by the assistance of glass, the want of which 
 deprived us of the opportunity of making the experiment, a great 
 deal more might have been done in this way, notwithstanding the 
 miserable climate with which we had to contend* 
 
 About the 31st, we began to perceive a daily diminution of the 
 snow upon the land, the brown soil appearing in patches, where 
 hitherto the snow had completely covered it; and on the 82d, iqi 
 the course of a walk which we took to the Table-bill, to the west* 
 ward of the ships, we had the satisfaction of being al!»le to fill a 
 pint bottle with water from a small pool of melted snow, having « 
 
 J quantity of sand mixed with it, a circumstance which we alwaya 
 ound to favour the thawing process. There cannot, perhaps, bo 
 a more striking proof of the extreme severity of the climate of 
 Melville Island than the fact, that this was the first instance wo 
 had known of water, naturally in a fluid state when exposed to the 
 atmosphere, and unassisted by artificial means, such as those which 
 I have already described as having occurred in one or two in- 
 stances under the ship's stem, since the middle of the preceding' 
 September, being an mterval of more than eight montiis* Thi»^ 
 Table-hill, which is seen at a great distance on the coast, in com^ 
 ing from the eastward, and which forms a conspicuous object ift 
 this country, where there is so little to vary the «{;ene, lies at tht 
 distance of five or six miles to the westward of the station of the^ 
 ships in Winter Harbour. It rises about a hundred feet above (Im 
 level of the plane on which it stands, the top of it not exceeding m 
 extent a quarter of an acre of ground. The surface of it consist! 
 generally of sand, on which are lying numerous masses of lime* 
 atone^ nearly the whole of which, though varying in colour from 
 white to dark-brown, have a fetid smell when broken ; and many 
 0^ the specimens contained madrepore. We found here also a 
 quantity of day iron-stone, which is common in this part of Mel- 
 ville island, together with pieces of flint, granite, and d^er sub- 
 stances. During this excursion, too, we discovered, with pleasure, 
 that the sorrel (Rumex digymu, Linn.) was extremely abundant 
 in the neighbourhood of the ships, a root or two of this valuablo 
 antiscorbutic plant occurring in almost every tuft of moss which w^ 
 met with. No appearance of its beginning to vegetate could yet# 
 however, be perceived ; and we began to look with impatience for 
 the sprouting of its leaves, from which we hoped to obtain a suppl/! 
 of ft-esh vegetable matter, of which, perhaps, in reality, we all be- 
 gan to stand in need. About two hundred yards to the westward 
 of this hill is another rather smaller, but very sioular in appearance, 
 
 :« 
 
ISd 
 
 l^ . 
 
 Md compaied of Hit mom mineral aubttaaett m ttiTjMNtierib- 
 ed ; in coming from the eaetward, the .ccond hill it noi imMMiilig 
 hid behind the odier. 
 
 Having conridered that an examination of the exiAlit and fA^ 
 ductiona of die iabmd might be conducive to the ioiprbtimelll 11^ 
 the geography aad natural hittory of these regions i and thegottf 
 aute of healdi enjoyed by the crews, pemitting a certain nitmhii 
 of men to be siwred from erch ship during their eqoipmem far 
 aea, I now determined to undertalce a journey into the Interior, fbt 
 this purpose, accmpanied by a certain numlier of oficera and men 
 who volunteered their services on the occasion { and the Ist of 
 June was fixed for our departure. The Griper's siclc-list had mw 
 been reduced to <me person, whoae only complaint was debili^ 
 from a late attack of scurvy ; and William 8cott» whom I have be» 
 Ibre had occasion to mention, was the only patient on board die 
 Hftla. The case of this man had been such as> for some tiflia 
 put, to baffle Mr. Edwards*s endeavours to produce a favourAbte 
 change, his complaint appearing to be more mental than corporeal, 
 and, therefore, one which no medicine could be expected to cure. 
 
 Previously to mv intended departure, I was occupied in measur- 
 ing abase upon the ice across the mouth of the harbour^ and i|| 
 taking the necessary angles for the survey, which was carilid?l| 
 ^c^ eastward' beyond Fife's Harbour, principally for thepurpoMI 
 <]|^<totmeodeg our diservations here with those obtained by l^qihi^ 
 trion Mine on the 6th of the preceding September, on whwif ^^timl 
 conwi^aonc^the longitudes observed during the navigation of t9lfl| 
 in^jMrt depended. - ■ '' ■ ■■lyf'i^^'f^. 
 
 •£i% (Ml theSnoming of the S4th| Mr. Allison reported' ,^t: 
 Im tuul felt a few drops of ridn fall upon htsr face, an event wl^Al 
 lie, had scarcely dured to anticipate so soon, but which wna fiiE^ 
 «d witk^uch aatiaiiction, as nothinff appears to be so afl^toid ii^ 
 ili^ in producing the dissohitSonof t^ iee. The clood^ lUpfr 
 wallryi^pearance tiu^ughoutthe di^y, andat half-pMt eig^t in tH^ 
 einintftgf we were agreeably surflris^d by a smart sh6wer of ra^ 
 virhich was shordy vihet succec^ett by sev^iral others. 111% luid 
 bea& ad unaccuatomed to see wftter naturally in a fluid Ittfte'iti^ 
 and much less tp ace it fall froid the heavens^ that such ai occiii* 
 rence. became % matter of comtlderable curiosity* aloid- 1 beitet# 
 «i;ery person on^bCMurd hastened; on, dectk to ifitness so inter«lfp|i^t 
 aa well as novel njphenomenon. The rain which fell in ^e clOfiNpp 
 dl the evenings made^everal little pools upon the ite, whieh;l|ii^ 
 riemained unROzen fen* twelve or fourteen hours in the day, aa^l|f^ 
 idso the sea>4rater around the ships. Two ivoiy gulls ("Laru* M^ 
 nttuj were reported to have been aeien in the course of this * " 
 by a party employed in cittdi^ turf on shore.' ' 
 
 I am now to mention ah <i^iiitence #liich took place 
 fsi^f and on which I^aho^^JKMy be silent, hat tln^ ir^ifilli 
 
 \ 
 
 
 A 
 
I) / 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 •4< 
 
 19i 
 
 imMf B»M H c Wd jiith tfM important ' ject of the hntAlh of mii- 
 
 m^m iMt ami ill ftv«7' oih«r e*' itc. It wm rtporttd to nk, 
 
 Hkfoufh ont or two of the Hechi'i pettjr-officcn, thai one of our 
 
 iMpRM, wkote name I em uiiwiUing to record, attd who had lately 
 
 MM cimdi hy the gveatcit eare and attention, of a rather aevcfe 
 
 mmA of the scurvy, had been in the Ireoncttt hidtit of eating with 
 
 m hraad a quantity of the slcimmingt of the watir in which nit 
 
 IfiMil ia boiled, called by the taiton u iluih.*' Thia kind of lat or 
 
 ptnatef which is always understood to be a berquisita of the coohs 
 
 pi hb asajesty's nary, and the use of which is well known to be 
 
 In the highest dc^e productive of scurvy, had always been a 
 
 aourCe of considerable anxiety and apprehension to me during the 
 
 voyage. Soon after our leaving England, when the issuing of salt 
 
 «Mat cemmentfed, I tent for the cook of the Hecla» and, in presence 
 
 «f the oficera, warned him on no account ever to permit a particle 
 
 mihia slush to be used by the ship*s company i and, on conditiCiil 
 
 «f hia Ihithfully complying with this injunction, I permitted him, 
 
 iidar certain restrictions, to preserve it in easks« for hii own f^ 
 
 tntt bene6t. With thete directidns the cook had, I believe^ pune- 
 
 SliaUy complied till the middle of the winter; when he had been 
 
 ^idually led into a practice of furnishing the toeople occasionidiy 
 
 iHdMr:saMdlquantit/of fat to bum in their lamp»t of thia, the mn 
 
 •Med to, had, it seeoM, taken advantage, and used It at an artida 
 
 «f Ipet in the manner deacribed. Being tfatarmined imiMdiat^ 
 
 ^ «hfeik so pernicious a practice, I charged him with his etaliat 
 
 ^lll^pr«Wnee of the oScert and ship's chmpany^miAiltiog eiH <c» 
 
 ^taii at the sametimev^he ingratitude with which fat had ivpaUl 
 
 Ihlr^ivt taken of him dttrintl^t lata lltttesa» It iwra mtgteat 
 
 tflUlitotNMi to jQd thaitffc men were disimscdt^^jatr thiaam«i^ 
 
 i»^tf^ii»orhifdi|oat^ little shm««f that #hi(^^^^^^ 
 
 l^^l^ela on thia oceaalon^aom^of them^ as I found) hating !••• 
 
 |Mii|i% |p<>ken to him before upon the iubject. iiaving,^tham* 
 
 ii% #n|ited th^ theoflfender should be punished by wearteg 
 
 upon hie Mk a badge, which would expose him for a time to the 
 
 imttteiitpt and derision of his 4iipmates, I folt satisfied that no^fop 
 
 |lliiktnatance%oi^ocearof an miftht prove so fotal 
 
 tolheeatitfe inwhichwewei«engiged» , 
 
 #^on themommg^f the 89th^ the whid increased^ to a ftedi 
 jpe mm the northward imd we^ which continued during 
 
 Ilie 1^1 with a hetovy fott^Of entHr and nt^^ 
 veateil our seeing to the diimnee of tnbra than twenty yiutte^aiilBttd 
 fmMp^ The foSowihg^tbiy being fine, I took my tmvelttngparty 
 flo fbt top of the narth^eait hill, in ord«r to tiy the cart* which hlid 
 ^1 «0iu^ucted for caritlttg the tenta and baggagtv and which 
 ^J^Wfied to anawer vetf^m The viem from thia^iU was iKit 
 "ytfcna to iiffei- mudi epcouragemem to our hopes ofVuture ttdr 
 igitem^li^,^ wesl#apd. l^eeeiritiiliprteehieil^ sftm»tti)& 
 
 *■ 
 
 
broken mil coatiiitimit turfwi of Mltd wd impratlfililt |M» Md 
 tliii ice could not bt 1cm than from six to Mven h0%i» if ' ' 
 M we knew It to Iw about the thipe. When to this cini 
 wu added tha conaldenition^ that acarcely the aligbtiit 
 of thawing bad yet appeared* and that in three weeka ... 
 period the tun would again begin to decline to the aonthv 
 mutt be cnnleafedr that the moet languine and enthn^iHidc 9mMi 
 ua had ionie reaion to be ttag^red in the expcctationft thijr llP 
 ionned of the complete accompliah^c nt of our entcrpiiit, . 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ■}i »• 
 
 Jmm »>f^ J^^ Muni (oih9^l'^ri»fmi^,mdr0^ 
 
 THE weather being livotti«b|o om tlie monung of dm l«l,of 
 lone, i madn aucliairangfdnrtitMt wcr^aBCMiary, pretioiMi i»^ 
 departure ob oun iaiaiided jfmmc^ I directed tieoteBwita |^ 
 don and Beecihey^ to pmceed iritb all jioaaible deapatch in lie 
 eqnipmpnt of thf ehipa for tea, having them ready to «ait 1;^.^ 
 endof |Amc,»^ii«iiider^that WA mighl be abin to take $dvmmpi^ 
 dn^ fiivourablejateintion in die atattt of the ice at an earlier pet||il 
 than preaent \ appearani^ 4lowed us to anticipate. w. 
 
 The par^ aeiected to a^compiny m^, out of the numei«»iia yo- 
 lunteera on thia oceneien, cooawted df Captain 8abipe» Miifitgi. 
 Fithcn MiM,4mdrikidf aeijea^t M*Mahon, of the nwmhmf' 
 icant^Mnt^i of tbe.«i^Ucra, and tlnwe aelmen nn4 two mmiiiit 
 #^nnff^ t(^#otli ahipa, paling a tpi4 of twelve^ indudin^ o^ 
 aelf^ ^We prei^ eiq^ied with pix^tliooa for thref)!ireek»^^l^^ 
 ing to dicdnlly proportion of one fo^ |)f biscuit, two-tl^^ of » 
 pound of Donkin'apreservedmeatiMie ounce ofa»lcppoyd^,j^ 
 ounce of augar, and half a pint of a j^rita, for eOTTOT trfl^ 
 ^ntfy of the kind called h) the army horiimen^a tenti, wei^fli ^ 
 
 ^afdEeta^ with two hoardin^Apikeai ixed acroaa at eacK «n%4 
 
 «riSp*rope along the top, whichrwith atones laid upott,ti|e 
 
 (hdlfbr. 
 
 the blan^t8»niade«f9iy comii^itableaadpprtfa^etQ,^^^ .^w" 
 tents, with the whoW of tie provisions, tojgether with # <?«|;nfi^ 
 or cooking amMimtUt,4nd a^mail quantity of wood fqr focViM|ie«q§.i 
 4ng in the wh<>le> to eight hundred pounds, were earthed |^p«Wt» 
 ^rong but light cnrtte<pitructed for the purpose r thifUili^^id 
 mviag been^led^d^oni^the miost convenient for the cosiBt«yip 
 which we were about to ttraveh T 
 
 juU|s^. 
 
 Zllj^ < ^^Sg^^^JSjtffiiH'^"''' 
 
 pi^^ifrrff^ 
 
.jrt;^.v\^.v,#W',;iTv;iiiv>"'S'';;/>%"!?*T.'. r"''''i4: * 
 
 •.,,^-TT'--TV 
 
 ■a?VW«1| 
 
 . ■. - ■ ^. 
 
 
 'l f 
 
 ii 'Sr- 
 
 M 
 
 156 
 
 Seo' and man was also furnished with a Uanket made 
 into A hysi with a drawing.striug at each end, a pair of spare 
 )^)«8 and stockings, a flannel shirt, and a cap to sleep in. The 
 eftpthing and blatikets were carried on our backs in knapsacks, those 
 ot^, the officers weighing from teventeen to twenty-four pounds 
 each, and one between every two men weighing twenty-four 
 pomids, to be carried forhalf a day alternately. Mr. Dealey, with 
 a party of three men, was appointed to attend us for the first day's 
 IQurnor, to assist in canning our baggage, and then to return to 
 the ships. It was my intention to proceed as directly north as 
 possible, and if we came to the sea in that direction, to turn to the 
 westward, m^ing such a circuit in returning to Winter Harbour 
 aft mi^t occupy from one to three weeks, according to circum- 
 stances. It was proposed to travel entirely at night, if any part of 
 the twenty-four hours could properly now be so called, when the 
 Wn was constontly above the horizon. This plan was considered 
 to be advantageous, both for the sake of sleeping during the warmth 
 Of the day, and to avoid, as much as possible, the glare of the sua 
 upon the snow while travelling. 
 
 ^At five P.M. we left the ships, accompanied by a large party of 
 officers and men from each, who wene desirous of relieving us from 
 the weight of our knapsacks for an hour or two; and, having been 
 Oieered by the ships on our departure, we went round the head of 
 the harbour, and ascended the north-east hill. This route was 
 c^Men on account of the ground being clear of snow only on the 
 
 ^lSf**ii^ ^'*^****' P*"* °^ the land. Our companions leftua at 
 ^ght P.M.,and we proceeded across a level plain almost entirely 
 ci^vered with snow, which* however, was so hard a* ta make tlw 
 travelling very good ; and the cart was dragged along without diffi. 
 -ettlty. At eleven P.M.^ we came to three remarkable roun4 hilis^ 
 comp^cd entirely of sand and masses of sandfitonc, and halted t«> 
 dmeselose to the northward of them. Those parts of the hind 
 whicb were clear of snow, appeared to be more productive than 
 ttpsc^in the immediate neighbourhood of Winter Harbour, the 
 dwarf- willow, sorrel, and poppy (Papaver iVttrficatt/f), being more 
 abundant, and the Aioss more luxuriant;. we could not, however, 
 Go^ct a sufficient quantity of the slender wood of the willow in a 
 dry state, fpr the purpose of dissolving snoW for water, and were, 
 Jierefore,obhged to use a part of the fuel which we had provided 
 fofthat purpose. The thermometer stood at 31' at midnight. 
 
 • ItTS?**^^ ^^ *°°" ^^^^^ midnight, at the distance of half a mile 
 w^a N.b.E. direction, we came to a piece of frozen water h^ a 
 ipUe in length, and two hundred yards wide, situated on the south 
 Mde^of the_range of hills which bound th^ prospect from Winter 
 llarbour. The ict, on the surface of this lake or pond, was in some 
 narta nearly dissolved, and in all too soft to allow us to cross it. 
 We l^erc saw a pair of ducks, one of which being white and the 
 
 
 i 
 
 i^ 
 
 
»a^*ak«lfeyfesiii|i;.;»ii^M*i^fe^lK'^ 
 
 "fv;' 'fci-H'iw.'.iff," 
 
 ■,V- 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 107 
 
 other brown, we tupposed them to be of that tiieclift Me4 king 
 ducks (dntu SpectabilUi). We soon after came in ftigbt<i^ an ex- 
 tensive level space to the north-westward, upon which not^al^Mie 
 dark spot could be distinguished, even widi a glass, to break me 
 uniformity of the snow with which it was covered, till it a{^}eired 
 to terminate in a range of lofty hills which %'^ had occasionitti^ 
 seen from th«: southward, and which, from the- appearanre given 
 them by their distance, we had called the Blue HtUs. We had, 
 for some time past, entertained an idea, from their bold and precfo 
 pitous appearante in some parts, that water would be found at the 
 foot of them ; and had we not been certain that we had now a»> 
 cended three or four hundred feet above the level of Winter Har 
 hour, the appearance of the plain before us, which resembled a 
 branch of the sea covered with ice, would have confirmed us in this 
 idea. We halted at haUVpast six A.M., on the 2d, and pitched the 
 tents on the haidest ground we could find, but it became quite 
 swampy in the course of the day. We killed seven ptarmigan, and 
 saw two plovers {Charadrius pluviaUa\ and two deer, being the first 
 we had met with this season, with a fawn* so smidl, as to leave no 
 doubt of its having been dropped since the arrival of the female 
 upon the island. They were so wild as not to allow us to approi^ 
 them within a quarter of a mile. The day waa fine with light and 
 variable mrs; the thermometer stood, at 34*, in the shadef, at seven 
 A*M., at wh'.h time it waB unfortunately broken. 
 V At five P.M. we struck the tents, ^d having detained one of 
 Mr. Dealey's party to accompany us, I despatched him to the shipa 
 with the others, and then continued our journey to the northward, 
 havingfirst made the necessary observations for determining our 
 position. These and the rest of our observations for latitude and 
 loni^tude, dbtained during this journey, were made with a sextant 
 and: artificial horizon, and the longitudes are t^y the chronometer, 
 No. 8109 of Arnold^ which I carried in my pocket. 
 
 As we proceeded to the northward, the delusion respecting the 
 level plain to the westward, began to wear off, some brown spots 
 being here and there perceptible with a glass, which left no doubt 
 of its being principally, if not entirely, knd. Beyond this plain, 
 however, there was a piece of bold land in the distance, having" 
 every appearance of an island, lying between the Blue Hills on the 
 north, and some high land to the south. There was a bright and 
 dazzling ice-blink over the plane of snow, and exactly correspond- 
 ing with it, as to extent and position. 
 
 Having halted three hours to dine and rest, we again set forward 
 at two A.M^v 6(^ the 3d, crossing one or two ravines, running 
 E.N.E. and W.8.W., in which there was a large collection of 
 snow, but as yet no appearance of water in the bottom of them. 
 Captain Sabine and myself being considerably a«head of the rest of 
 the party, had sat down to waic for them, when a fine reifi'deer 
 
' * «7^ 
 
 m 
 
 ^unfe trot^KUji^ f imI eliyed found U8i«r a %vmtw ol im koaXi 
 withtuJdiiity y«r4t. We luul no guin nor do I know ihat wc 
 •iH^itld h«ve kimd il if wt Iiad, there bemgtiareiidfM teucK weight 
 Qpentthe cart «• (He men could well dmg; and having no fuel t» 
 ifme for cooking; bMidee, w>e felt it would have 6«en but an ill 
 relium for the cmifideace which he seemed willing to place in ui. 
 Qn hearing our people talking on the opposite side of the ravine, the ^ 
 • dwr uiimediatefycrJDisedovery and went directly up to them, with 
 very ^tde caution j and, they heing less scrupulous than we wei«, one 
 or two shots T^ere immediately fired at him, but without effect; o» 
 which he again crossed over to where we wei'e sitting* approaching 
 us nearer than before. As soon as we rose up and walked oo» he 
 accompamed us like a dog» sometimes trotting a^head of us, and 
 then returning within forty or fifty yards. When we halted, at six 
 A.JM[v, to make the usual observations, he remained by us till tho 
 rest of the party came up* and then trotted off. The rein^deer ia 
 by no means a graceful animal; its highshoulders and fm awkward 
 stoop in its head, giving it rather a deformed appearance. Our 
 new acquaintance had no horns; he was of a brownish colour with 
 a black saddle, a broads black rim round the eyes, and very white 
 about the tail. We observed that, whenever he was about to sat 
 off, he made a sort of playful gambol, by rearing on his hind lega. 
 
 l%e latitude ola«rvcd here was fs' 06' 58", the longitude 110! 
 30' 32", and the variatipn of the magnetic needle 128' 30' 14" east^ 
 erly. We had passed, during our last march, a good deal of rich 
 soil, consisting principally or decayed moss, and other vegetabla 
 substance mixed with sand; and the sorrel and wuufn^ (Stixifittfjp^ 
 appOHtifolid) were more abundant than before. 
 
 A fog, which had prevailed during the eariy part of the day, 
 having cleared away m the afternoon, we struck the tents at five 
 P.J^*, imd having travelled three quarters of a mile, came t6 # 
 ravine not less than a hundred feet deep, and in most -parts neai^ 
 perpendicular. A place was at length found in which the eart 
 could be got across, which we succeeded in effecting, thrqugh^eiy 
 deep snow, after an hour's labour. On the north side of this ra^' 
 vine large masses of sand-skone were lying on the surface of tlut 
 ground, over which the cart could with difficulty be dragged ; and 
 we remarked on this and several other occasions, that the stones 
 which were bruised by the wheels emitted a strong smell, like that 
 of fetid limestone when broken, though we coold never discovei 
 ^ any of that substance. In some of the sand-stone we foun^ pieces 
 of coal embedded ; and some large pieces of a slaty kind of that 
 mineral, which burned indifferently, were also picked up ir the 
 ravine. 
 
 We had hitherto, as we judged, rather ascended than othei,*wise 
 since leaving the north-east-hill of Winter Harbour, and thehet|^t 
 ctf this part of the island may be estimated at three or four hun- 
 
 ■^■■^ 
 
J^-' 
 
 
 159 
 
 drttd feet above the level of the mk. At two oiilet isid'A quftrter 
 t© the north w»td df the ravine, we entered upon » enowjr plait}, of 
 which we coidd nbt see ttie termination to the north waird* <|iere 
 and there onl|^«^ cftmt^ Cd a small patch of uncovered l«adftt»>«ie 
 of which we obiei^ed the aand and sand-stone to be tin|^d of « 
 light briek cdoup. We halted to dine before midnight, havini 
 made good, by our account, a diittance of o^Iy five miles, and thi^ 
 with difl^H^Tf the snow being soft, which m«de travelling very !#• 
 borious. We found here nothing biit two small pools of dirty 
 water, but, as it was of importanee to save our wood in ease of ac- 
 cidents, we went on an allowance of half a pint of this water eaeh, 
 father than expend any«f it in melting sno^, a process r«c|iiirin|^ 
 more fuel than perhaps those who have never made tiie expei-imem 
 ili*e aware of. Tlhtere was no vegetation in' this pluce^ even the - 
 poppy httving now forsaken us. 
 
 At t#o Vtloek dn the morning of the 4th we continued oalr 
 jdumey to the northward, over the same snowy and level plain as 
 defore, than which it is impossible to conceive any thing more 
 dt^eary and uninteresting. It frequently happened that, for an hour 
 together, not h single spot of uncovered ground coittld bei seen. 
 The few patehes ef this kind forcibly reminded one df the de- 
 seripttpn given of the dMe9 in the dcseits of Africa* r.o Only be^- 
 ftauie Ihey rttieved us for a time fro / ;he intense gla^ of the fiiiHi 
 tljidfi the snow, which was r^.i^'-i^el' ^^pit c*sive to the *;ye8, but 
 becaliiiie It Wis on these alone that rv. cci^ld pitch our tents tores^ 
 or that we could estpeet to meet -vith any water. The breexe 
 fft!<Mtehed up to a gale from th- ^S^S.E. as Vt .^ proce«'ded^ ami the 
 meH) ^ if determined not to iorg>?t tKat •hey w*;ve sailors, seta 
 iMrge blanket upon the tart as a sail^ which, upon the present level 
 gl^ttnd^ was found to be of material assift^nce. Fh^snow Was 
 Iniepr 1^ mther soft, which mstde the travelling heavy ^ and as the 
 Hflad produced a good deal of suow-drift« ni^st of the bare patched 
 df ground bec«me covered up, so that wheh our time for halting 
 had arrived, not ii piece of groui I could be W;n on whith to pitch 
 the tents. Captaiiiv Sabine and myself wetft if. ward Ho look out 
 for aipot, and at le^i^h were fottunate to meet with one, on which 
 th«»e was just risom for otif little encampmenr. It was with som<6 
 difficulty, by building a wall with stones and our knapsacks, that 
 we prevented its being covered with snow before the party came 
 up, which they did at half-past seven A.M., having travelled ten 
 miles in a N.W.bi«N. direcuon. We saw a few foi. -tracks, but no 
 animals, nor the smallest symptom of vegetation, during this marchi 
 It is not imptt>bable, however, •hat these snbWy plains, when unco* 
 vered by the warmth of summer, may present a more luxuriant yi^ 
 getation than is elsewhere to be met with on this island. 
 
 By the time we hod secured the tents the wind blew hard, with 
 a cominued fall as well as dHl% of snow* so that we could hot but 
 
 
 > ■' 
 
 \\\\ 
 
 
r^^VT ^j'' , 't.o»«. ' *j>« '(w,(ji'H .'1^ M/'niuiM^^rMii^ii 
 
 H 
 
 \if 
 
 \\ 
 
 1^ 
 
 cim^Q^^nfynrnMit in having met with • spot of wound in 
 
 gopd time. Notwith.tw»ding the inclemency of 5w weSher w^ 
 
 ^iJ?L.^"^f T* "• ^'-y co«efortable IndnumS^^i^^ 
 
 die out being tilted up to windward of them, so as to breS S 
 
 wme measure the violence pf the wind , and when wrapped up, ^ 
 
 rather enclosed m our blanket-bags, we were generaUy Suite wim 
 
 enough to enjoy Ae most sounTand refreshing^^r I may 
 
 hoover ^llcTS/? »»^ *»^ A«J?o««»t the tfnts ^Tere pitcH 
 
 However short the time for which it was proposed to halt, evcr^ 
 
 mm wa. directed immediately to change h?s shoes and stocWnS^ 
 
 i?L*^±^*~" time had his feet exaSned by Mr. Fistr. S 
 
 duZtLl^rKi?**'**'''!'"'^ '"'^y''' 8«t our things dried 
 
 ai mWn?^i?"^^S- ^^ ««"»5^«t boots and stockings after resting 
 atoS««^fo: 7^" ''.^' '^1 °"*y ^"y *° make1:ertain of dr? 
 hLur X rf-^^***"^ *"* *"** ** ''^ '^''''' «"" ^*» ^'^^ ^« in half an 
 consequence. I insist the more on this circumstance, because 
 It IS to our attention to these prec^iutions that I attribute the good 
 health we xnjoyed during the journey. To this, indeed, we had 
 one exception, Captain Sabine having suffered some uneasiness from 
 indigestion^ ,n cpnsequence -jf having eaten some of the salen. 
 
 IIJI IhI^*^ Tk***** **"\^y *'**°^^" '° *^« **«*' togetheririth^a 
 little medicine, the complamt was soon removed. It is scarcely 
 possible perhaps to imafl^ne the comfort which was afforded in this 
 MstMicc l«r the small quanUty of fuel we were provided With, as it 
 enabled us to furnish CiH>t»in Sabine with one or two warm mes- 
 ses which ^chiefly contributed to his recoveiy ; and we, therefore, 
 determined to use no more of our wood except Under similar cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 It continued to blow and snow till seven PJVI., when the wind 
 ^ving jeered to the 8. W., and become more moderate, we struck 
 ine ten^ J and having now placed the men's knapsacks on the cart 
 to enable them to drag with greater facility, we proceeded on our 
 journey to the northward. We passed a narrow but deep ravine 
 lying across pur course, in some parts of which the snow reached 
 ne. rly to a level with the banks, forming a kind of bridges or cause- 
 Ijrajs, on one of which we crossed without difliculty. The men 
 ^ftad hoisted one sail upon the cart at first setting off; but the wind 
 being now, as they expressed it, «*on the larboard quarter," a se- 
 as well as relirf!' "^^*^ ** * main-sail, to their great amusement 
 
 After crossing a second ravine, on the north side of which the 
 ground rose considerably, we entered upon another snowy plain. 
 Where there was nothing to be seen in any direction but snow and 
 
 Sf Ji'' "^^I'^ ?' T*^ dreary, a thick fog came on as the 
 nignt advanced, and as this prevented our taking any mark more 
 

 .■if 
 
 m 
 
 l^m fifty Of i hiittdlM jrairds «-head, we iMdl t6 place tht'tompias, 
 t^ which we were ndW entirety travelling^, upon the grbCMJfd eveiy 
 five mlnatet ; and- It if traversed wHh peat ■faijjgisbness; ^f ^i^p 
 a vety crooked -asld lutcertain conrae. For iliore than tliki^|ijni 
 we did not paw a single spdt of uncovered ground^ iipir^e^% 
 atone projecting iliove the snow. "^'^ 
 
 The wea^r being at length too foggy to proceed, ^e eat dow^ 
 on oui'knapsacks for a short time, and then cOtttititted oldp jpum^; 
 the fog being somewhat less thick. At one A.M. ott the 5th, wk 
 came to a ^w large stones sticking up above thd sncMri and aa 
 the people Were a good deal fatiffued, and I wasat «te ikiue 
 tliNie desirbtki^ ii«tt6 tun the risk whicllf ikiight be incuiv^ by 4ul'- 
 feting them ^ lie upon the snoW, we determined to try what 
 cduld be done in piekttig out the stones, one by one, imd pavihg a 
 spot for th« tents over it. This plan succeeded, and' after aa 
 hour's wbrk we completed a dry, though hard flooring for our en- 
 cfltmpmetjti; This being properly Our dinner-time for the 4th of 
 |mie» dra^g^i^ mealltM been unavoidably delayed beyond that 
 day, we dtd' Hot forget to drink His Majesty's health in botli tents, 
 not aWare at the time that our venerable Monarch had many mdQths 
 befo)re pa^d the 4«itt>f nature. 
 
 Iwe ibg cohttmijMt too tMck to allow ue to m^ve etill sik A. ML 
 at which time we reaimed oitr journey. ^^ was a broad ^|e 
 cIlN'^nct hl2e-bo#df very white and dazding light dittctly oppo- 
 site the sttiii. The wi^l^er being stUl too f^ggy to see imon^ %hin^ 
 a qum^ler of a mile a-head, it was with considerable dlflfeully^lii^ 
 wi leotdd pifoeeed on a tolerably straight course. To^'^eet jtHtfy 
 k was neMssary to defermine the point on which we wflfe Mking 
 by the bearl!^ of thft'sun, winch was stiU visible, and titc! a^pal^nt 
 ttise, ahd then to tidce e mark a-head by which our course was to 
 1^ ^rtetii^dii From the thickness of the weathier, however, it wap 
 niweiti^ to riepeatdiii operation every five or ten minutes, which'; 
 ttii^l^^ with me uAi^^ whiteness and intense glare of die snoW> 
 bie!«eae^o esftremelf jpaiofttl to the eyes, that Mr. FIAer and my- 
 self. Who went a-heacrasr guides, soon became aiFected with snow;- 
 blittdneiRl, ihM the headmost man at the cart, whose business it 
 was eoillujttiy to w^teh cur motions, began tc suffer in a similar 
 manner, -and f^^ the same cause. We had now also frequent ot- 
 casion to experience — what had so often occuired to us during the 
 winter,<— the deception otcasioned in judging of tV': magnttudeSy 
 and c<!tiisequently the distances of objects, by seeing them oyer a^a 
 unvaried sturface of snow ; this deception was now so much incteal^ 
 edby the diiekoess of the fog, l^at it frequecTtly happened t6«^ 
 just, as we had ccmgratolated ourselves on having pitched upM^ii 
 mark at a suScienI distance to relieve us from the aecesSitt^ df 
 tffit.ining our eyes for a quir^r of an hour, we suddetdy «Mie tMp 
 
 
 
 '■i. 
 
 
 ,_.*.^*s..»_ •t*^ » 
 
m^iiji (Mfl"^ t'i-RV:!^**'!' virj-n 
 
 [^^[T^^WS'W 
 
 g^ only one mile wKtahalf A* m^T iS ^J ^Wna nude 
 
 ^ ^ lititude observed here was 75' «r 43''f and ik» im.»:<:..^ 
 
 / 
 
 
 *W>w which of thia. twoTiJSd r^J! u^? ""• PBXlJri «• 
 *y tpot for th« t.^ wW»kS^ 17^': *'"»8 ""hwl » goad 
 
 WwthU journey I LroSv/dtC!?' .'T ' '""^ **"^^ «' 
 
 I 
 
 R 
 

 «ttr daily jouiiief l»«d been perfomied, WheiWrer fheiwiiliooiatw 
 Visible. That this wm by no mtant the ewe, though evjJJiOT"- 
 hU attention i»ra« paid to it, will appew clear from an ina ft^cit^ot 
 our track upon the map, which is laid down by the actual ^gj**; 
 tions of two separate persons from dav to day, J»^ »f,J'»*«5£ 
 material error «ftild have occurred. Myteiaon fordwelKng oftott 
 this circurabttnce is to point out the «ctreitf« UabiU^ to^ error ij» 
 laying down by account the position of any pomtat which ajialri*- 
 ler may arrive after a journey of severalliandrrd miles, J*"^" 
 mark I cannot but consider to be peculiarly ap|il>cablejo the jow- 
 tiey of Heame fit)ra the Hudson's bay «ettlem«^nt8 to *« woret « 
 the Polar Sea, on the nortliem coast of Americs, m many hun<lf«a 
 miles of which, and particularly in the most inteirestrog part, nor* 
 single observation for latitude and longitude, or the variation of the 
 magnetic needle, was obtained, whereby his daily estimate cc^W 
 be corrected. Should, therefore, the geographical position jSMglic* 
 by Heame tdthe C6ppcr mine R* er be found at aU neaPthe tttttb, 
 inore especially in longitude, it will prove an extraordinaiy mstonce 
 of the tendency of errors to correct eadi other-, awJh as, * otAieve, 
 does not often occur, when the distance gone over i» aoxonaidera- 
 bk, either by sea or land. «*»is k« 
 
 The windincreased to a frc^h breeze from the 0.B.0, wiji^ 
 sharp frost, making it very cold in the tents, which we ther^re 
 struck at four A.M., on the 6th, and at the distance of tiip a snie 
 came to the summit 6f a hiU overtooktn^ what appeared to %» 
 fwzcn sea before us. The dtatantliighland'beyond it to then<>Ith- 
 east; now appeared a separate island, which it afterwards pwu 
 to be, and Which l named after iny friend and ieMo'w-ttavclter, 
 Captiiin Edward Sabine, of the Hoyal Artitterv, The brow of 
 this hill, which, from the best estimate I could form, appeared to 
 be from four to five hundred feet above the level of the sea, W|^ 
 tovered with large masses of sandstone, over ^^^n/* «^ 
 scarcely get the tAeds of the cart. I^e then deaccade* the hill, 
 ^idi the intention of pushmg forward to determhic whether the 
 ^hitc and level apace 1>efore us was the sea or not We ifad not 
 proceeded for, however, when the douds b<;gao to gather heavily 
 in the south-east, and shortty after snow and slcet^began to fau. 
 Being unwilling, therefore, to allow the men's clothes to be wet, 
 Vhen there was no absolute occasion for it, we halted on apiece 
 of dty ground, and, having built a wlU six feet high to shelt^rua 
 from the weather, pitched the tents very comfortably under thclcc 
 of it, till the weather should allow us to proceed. ^ , 
 
 We ^; saw one or two flocks of geesn^wliich, to judge t.Ma /^^f I 
 
 ihmt wb^*. 2 wc afterwards killed, were probably b£«n'-8«e»«<^ ^'^^^ : 
 B.irnkia\ and were the first living animals we had met wiGI tor 
 ^wo vr three days. We had occasienally, during that timen aeen 
 tipon the snow the tracks of a solitary deer, but even these secHteii 
 
.^:r, 
 
 i \ 
 
 u 
 
 l\/, 
 
 iSJch a a«c^ ; .lu J^r .f"**.* *»»»^ «hro^ugh much deep anpw, of 
 
 •m wlch we imm!^;.^^^^^ "*"''-• i« it parallel to the Uncof the 
 ^e'to wMcrw^^^^^^ r<cogm.«l to be of the .urn. Mud as 
 
 ST J«j u- f * "*° •** '®**8: been accuttomed in Winter Har* 
 W«d which are occasioned by the rise and faU of thi ST 
 
 2?t^ ferr*— i*'* «.«»«'«« i« thenpi^arance^^Sifsea iJd 
 iSiSrSif '''"V^? Mierposed for tfS^ three miSi b^^ 
 
 JTte^SLnl^i^'' ''.'**'* ^^^ *^*"»*' to the 8fe» happened 
 
 i^^wTcc^edtkh^r'^'^V^t '^^ ""^^ ^'^'^ o^ *be ice 
 S ffirLiH I? ;u P^°*» of fresh water, which bad probably 
 o§P torrned by the etreums from the ravine and whLh »t oiu.^ 
 dfri^ce appeared, as ««ual, of a beautiful Wu; ^tm- We ?u^^^^ 
 
 Sgw^vTA^iiTr "'f f^*^ 8" ^o"" " """'y fee*. *« ««fcc- 
 »d .. ttmov. ou^ .acampm.w to Poim jL, fo"t£.^JS?rf 
 
M 
 
 4MH^litiag thtlMAi^li^illil^^^ liliiAli?«#litIt we 
 
 On our rini»to tl» imiiiliw #i«l, ind mit^ tltt M*^^«^^ 
 on the pioroiiir iBiJN tm* ^H^kmwt^m out §9tf^ iWirt, ^ ^m% 
 weiyibiiotiirrtv«iBlliall-|«Mfoiirr^ w^ being het« ■; M^ 
 as to miA* l>»l«»t*iilWW^ 
 
 mode of cmj^g oiU^ Wggtge. It ftoif itt tit^^in the ehnM 
 irttli • fred» bwe<|^irolii ih* iwftl^ ■ili^tll«teglfc t»t» lente wew^ 
 mtche<i under «» lee oHb^gmiUMledtee upon fherlkMli, we footitf 
 ii«Urcmitly enl^i tfl^tke fwetattl wili» wetr«r<^i«1wwl durmr 
 the nighty and aoipie of ©tor cinte«»i bnnt froni the eiteie gKo*^* 
 Tlie people were»atttiNii«d Invest n^r^thelr supper till ibwr F;mv 
 and were then set to work upon the ice, imd in bmlding a monu- 
 ment on the top-of the Point. 
 
 The latitude observed here w«» r5* 34' 47", the loa|;ittide 110* 
 35' 82% and the rariation of the mignette needk 133* 03' 8S" eatt^ 
 eitjr* A seiiec of angles and asfrcuMSinical bearing was here ob- 
 tained for the survtiy of Ute coast, flhd Ibr determining the posttton 
 of Siddne lelaad* the nos^'Weil^rtl'fOiiDlt etfwhithv being a bluff 
 fccadtand, was, by Captain fiabine'i deiire, aiaaed after Colonel 
 B^dge,^of the royid^taery, one of thre eoMmissionerk of Ioti|p* 
 t^ie. The Und^ ttie ireBtwaid t^ Poinfl^fia^ sweeps rooud iiiio 
 a large baVf i»rH^6Mt9Bg to the nt(i<dl#Wttstiiriui#|in *bdl4 eape bei^•^ 
 ingN* 43" m, ito^artant fWro sit tO%^«t leagttei, wHchU 
 named after Myv F^ber. The eastenwiOit point of Melville 
 Island^ here visible* was a low projec^gpoSitt bearing 8. ^7* Wl^' 
 anil^^tant ttfht-eir liine milesi which Was ^EiBed Point Rdid, Mr' 
 the g«Wleniati of ^t nam^ who acconipai^ed ut. ^ » ' 
 
 A eotttinuoas Kne of very large hutfiniocici of ice extended 'ft^Hn 
 Point Nias, abo^t two miles and a half in a N.N.E. direciibflf; 
 they were the Ikid of huntniocls whkh always indicate the iee 
 living met witll resistiuyce by giKsundingvand i havfc Bttle doubt 
 tlgiit«reef is t^arfy "marked Otitby Aem* What makes this more 
 prolable is^ that in the whole space bew^een Pc^tsNiaf and Reid, 
 the ice iwar the shore seemed neval* to have been disturbed by any 
 pressure ufon it, being, firhaps, d^fewied by the reef fhom f^e 
 flo*8 coming in from die north-weat>; whik *e whole of the shore^ 
 as fares Ii;ould see with a glass, to the westward of Point Nias, 
 bore evident ma^ks of *at tremendous pressure which is produced 
 by fields of ic^ when set in raotiCori. 
 
 The floe of ice proved to be four^en feet four inches in thickness, 
 and it «ii» ten at night before cmr' people cot through it, so as to 
 admit ^^ water; it^in fiowed lip wiittiin Mteen inches of the ««*; 
 per surface of the ice, by wtuch some idea ma^ be formed of i^- 
 apecific gravity of the latter. The water was not very sak, o£wil% 
 probabfy to its acquiring a dt^|;ree Of freshness, in forci^ itself 
 tliifwgh an apatiire 50 enii^ia to require liiree qmntivi of tt 
 
 r < 
 
 ■^1 
 
 ^7 
 
''■«* 
 
 hi 
 
 'fa 
 
 \ v^ 
 
 MK i 
 
 mi 
 
 lu 
 
 1 1 
 
 K 
 
 ' ' ffi 
 
 ■fesi- 
 
 m 
 
 ^^^^Vrf*,u 
 
 1 V 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^Sl iH 
 
 1 
 
 ^^Bk^ '' 
 
 |B^* 
 
 V v 
 
 ^^^^^/ 
 
 1 ' , m^ 
 
 ^^^wfr 
 
 m w\ u| 
 
 h^HIk^ " ^ 
 
 1 CI 
 
 ^He^^^ 
 
 1, M^ 
 
 ■E^t 
 
 |io«r «r«ir«rp'^^ hole to lit pi^fBrWiNA'i a' tmattliimall^r ii, 
 iMiriiW; wMJtiflteiMt 19 cbBthlet «ick of Qi^ tfMilt wat the A 
 UjpM which ^e w«rfr vtMi^ft and ; a fihiiheiiwai fiUed^ ordir 
 td'try ite ipetti6c|ra^aiin(Hirtf«iita TKe tlilek- 
 
 a^ of the ke oa thie coiiit^ il' 4Mii(Mned: tMth diar fh Whit^ 
 H«rbeur, the Ibraicr beM% doablv thai of tfie other, aiaf afftrft 
 tight appear to be aa iadliiiitldii af a aMie ievera elHtoate on this 
 than oa the icmthijiii toaet'of Mihrflle MMakIt hilt fhle circani- 
 ateaee is enllf eoedtfitfetf ftfr bjr oHmt^Mi thilllia I^ of a har- 
 Iwur is» at we klidw bf «i|i«iieiwe,illtlmBiiilo#of a truglfc^in- 
 ter; whereat, ott an 6peirakid>:et^odlid'bclieh,lik^'<hat 6f F<jlat 
 Miat, die hnt year't, or t«a4e(^i'iiratllhtl^Wik ilielf Ihihe^i^ 
 tooia, foreing up the iaaaiet whkh we tfee agroitiHl ia all iach titu- 
 ationt, and inereasing, lit Ih^ coorte Of the etttainf wiateT, t6 the 
 thichaett Which we he^ fouad'it td hk, Hait we aeeidetttilhr 
 eome 'to at^ hny or hi(ibo#;iieG,iire 'from the a^eit'iof 'the Hom 
 IVotn withoui, ^^d of the tame depth at Wiafet-HarlMtiir, I'doibt 
 i rrwe shooVi have Ibii^adtheiieelnitOf aearkthilalttethiclniili^ 
 
 Wn mw Dothinr living "thllMt'ipettitteiift^' a flbef of fi^ arlilz 
 idatkti none of whieh weie fitlid. TIH^ #at tci^ety tinf thkig 
 exeept a little stunted liiost and toiMe KiJhefit, whieh deten^ed the 
 mSH^ of vegetatiOff; aiiS theOiilt^ escepti^ tireHoaie ^Oao^ 
 
 mS]r erf aandM^'whkh had«ccikrredlSir?ttii^ da^t (put, cOntiilM 
 "la two or thn^ pieeet of red Ijhmlt^Vaiidof Mfil^ia^ #hite 
 l^hich iei^fend hourl^ tearch enabled lit to Hiid. Ifnto plfcea of 
 drift-wood #er^ aho fbundupbii thebdveh, fiioni Uitt^ tWii%rfe<et 
 above'the pntentlevefof the siei; ^ey wOrehbllt pldfe,btte ojf^^ 
 hfehilf teveh feetand if half long; ^d tttiee i^Kei w mumo^^iiiA 
 dl^ Other Much liilaller. Thc^^i« boih^|ili^ biiiM«l^^^k^^^^ 
 saadv ind thift iiiJPei«ri^ s6mil«:h^il^Ei]^d ibil'tfepir^ 
 to j|>ieeei(ii{jonbiing' taken hold' dfl^ '^^^ 
 
 We dttted at tnidnight^ ^d at^hil^^ oae Aifilv Oh the 8|^ 
 ek the bntt» aid^di«#tH)Er cart'tothihiigheir^ 
 
 here w€ occupied t#0 hb^ \U cc^i^ag^i^«D^iiybeat^ which 
 is Of aet^icid%irm, twelve feet broad at the bat^, and tte ihaiiy in 
 liei|rht.' Within itwere deponted a €n cylinder* ^doatiaifiattf^ ^ 
 account of the party who had left it, andoiie oT twd iilverteid ^p- 
 per English oonit. Thit nor onument saky be teen at teverid aiUit* 
 dittance from the sea or land side; and, as greijt pains were takiein 
 by Mr. Fisher in constructing It^ It mi^ probably last fin- $,hiig 
 peiAodoi yearti ^ 
 
 Baving now satitfactca% d^ttrmir ^he -extent of M^ti^ille 
 Maid to t^e northward upon thit m n. Which oorreiilei^d^ ' 
 
 ^r||rn^ai%^ with that «f Winter Barbour, and finitfaed 110 w%e- 
 -^uilite Obiet^^ttions, I proposed {liicirtuing our jotmiey tdwird#^1d»e, 
 Bkie Hills, which were stitt in sig^t at the distance df seiM^ 
 leago«# to tht wet^jurd; ai^d Jia¥iiig ad«Raced «b the aoo^mt 
 
Ii7 
 
 ^in^Miht to,ifi«% i^moitoiw rooii to thi •bi 
 yfMlA « W. |i^#ttC^oa» ill order to ktep «Pk a m ^ _ 
 
 Yerr4lft|rfliiimiiv«KPim<^th ^ WeM^B-^ 
 
 ocaisi«%Mi^|0!>Mtic«»»it|QO| u prodiMtd by th« 
 
 A.|j^ on iiikM Mibgi9^ m iN fof^M^^I* 
 
 tlie ilrifai, M wbiii^ i|« HmI y«« in^luicf d m our jopiii|r» n^ 
 mU4^ mm. MtmuA. fAem to % liiiblNUo^l^ of WMf**^ •»#«»% m 
 W flitiiolranioft oiilwpwM to,ti(w*»bfe.t.iWttaFiMi* « Wa|ri«ilf> 
 •iQolffHili^ OtttW bttvolos FP^Nt biiMMNM appoaciai ipd H ip 
 fffPiMrfo tbi|| ikm^mmmmm^m*^ witbibo dung of tbeto 
 
 mm^mmffPM of Ibem diirios tbo joiinity. A» tooo m wi.|i4 
 Jpii|ti4» w%<G9imd tbat Mr> Heidff kmpwck bad,drqDMd,|)4l 4» 
 «|ilt|^bo bid,:^v«|pirf t to 19 hick to, look j^M^w^Am^m^ 
 .pv^«ff9 t^cbck» .bttKpiiio siMi^ a^Bi^to^^ «M|^^ to 
 
 ,|l^||ei^l)^ly,ia)Ie toMoWwoyiotbb t««tt* liat<#eii^^ 
 ^i%|||||Bi«n^ to ibeir |b« ii4v«i9tM9»^ ind f v«ii. iho p«cftt||||^ 
 tmi#ii#nti»»I|Jii^^ a««» clMiiflMl^cit tj^oM^ 
 
 d|^ ^Oght li^ diy iapvitably ifoi^i^t 
 
 «b(|u;t;ii9lf %ttile dip^t ^m tlM, M% coiimaBdiiig iui,o|l!^ vi^ 
 f^^Wiii uUpul l^4 Ci^ Fliliaf^ jpd tbo WM^ 
 <^li^%.^^)«Bnr|il^oiii» » fhon bps mit «l|tiaii«d|pi4|iiy||uiir^ 
 
 bi^ftt^j^tii^^^p^^ jHf,oi% biid» w9:MKf'imm0m 
 
 kfrnM^Bmnimmh wWcb ir^w .k|tt«4 by Mtr Fi||w«i ^|I%« 
 iRu i^e oioM» «iid Aif m tboi^Mip o| glial ) m4w!^,imm»m^ 
 tbe firit time tii«i «e«poo, the iSiurf/^Miy^ 
 ^^j^^^^pm^jiirH^^ oeci«r.in the Hjiete^e 
 
 lli|||i^4^^<^l^i^4 «t Wiiiter Haibpiiir on the ioDoirint^te* 
 At n q|iiil^.|^ we jfitiunmsd our jotunfy^ ^ utike 
 
 gottth^w<^;ilp»^ i^j^F crf^ « iffio^^^^iba ini)o«id»9Uiir- 
 tN- m. ^idlh, eiMMing to the set tothe nortb« and •%£««• the 
 eye coold reach to Uie south. When wa had tmveUcsd fivj^ milef, 
 we beg^n to a«c«n4 Ponsidenibly,.and wcire now entering, upon 
 the 91ue IlUli^ the higher pa^ts 0'wh|ch, however, were three pr 
 four lea»ie« dii»iani top! we«ifard oC us. , Jtaving travftUtd 
 S.w.b.W^s^ven nilles, we iudtedrat hall an hour bt%i nii4ntg^ 
 9t the 4>*^<^t^ol^iill|ip #r 1^ frop Ibft sw» the;:i^hiw 
 
 being verycleif pid fipoi^ wit|i n ^nodfr^itt jb^enei^om tm 0k§^3^ 
 during the lasf inarcn we passed oyer, m^cktune^en girQund,.j(if 
 lipiGh a gMaf^^deipi wps^^^»iase|ly wetr^ m^ wulrH^'t an4^paiEi 
 "tli.f^ grass her«;|«camo^^i^ and* interspersedjMIO^ 
 
 ir<^ai^i-» 90Bio^sorrel^b«^9lli«:~to apke i«i f^ppeArance. glipe or 
 
 
 Sftl 
 
 ^■r 
 
 S4\-SABv*'>^ 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 1.25 
 
 ItiKA 12.5 
 
 ■50 ^*^* H^H 
 
 Ui Uii 12.2 
 
 ^U4 
 
 ^>' 
 
 > 
 
 o 
 
 7: 
 
 
 / 
 
 a 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 n 
 
 •s^ 
 
 <> 
 
 
 '4^^4i^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 "^^ 
 
f'.^ 
 
^ 
 
 ST-, iJ!*LT*i»'». 
 
 mi 
 
 
 .ff^-^vi^'- 
 
 
 
 
 j*>ja.*w».ii^- 
 
 jAi^ 
 
 •yi»^ 
 
 
 
 i't-«*i:^n*St!iJ^ 
 
 I'll 
 
 
 ::)^ 
 
 "I'^J 
 
 
 
 
 
 ."^■'^*f'*^H!) 
 
 
 
 f^l^^Wir^jf^lSJ 
 
 
 ^^t.^ V> /<•« 
 
 MiW^. 
 
 '^^.^'i 
 
 ^*m^m^^, 
 
 ,'*~4^' 
 
 
 
 
 
 m^^ 
 
 x>. 
 
 \k 
 
 
 "m^m^^U, 
 
 n-. 
 
 
 >'!?>?■ 
 
 >:v. . ■iai"' ■■•."■,•-■■. '■ 
 
 ».-i.rfHiV,ii%»^^ 
 
 ' "x i i i i >»i i.» ai> •ww.tiito 
 
' '*' )-,*'- 
 
 r^m^$^;^. 
 
 m:%'m=^:mim 
 
 • 
 
 169 
 
 tUl^t qttUton ot^t taikf «illiMr«iitly ctonected withtlwr 
 401(1 whieli it reotthtd otirtitmoat ^xerdoo t^-ef«MM» tnt'il 
 kii^r iliin ^itriMfiiii «h« AtthUe, flnd tlir^l^iMr ^Oii^, ^ 
 tUblwpie c^iKd with a<«ep and toft show^inW^feliiliiMi^^ 
 of dtt cMt itti^ Mifr^ to the axle, ip tha#w4 c<iiad1^f*i^ 
 acrosa t^ what sail0n call »* a standing puU.**^ The 'tfm t09t *" 
 got their tR>wiei:|iirt6l^ we cohtlniied our jomwf tinillalf 
 ^tev^n* to give th4m a chanCie of drying, tad then htfllid^^'^ 
 o%lniv«^foiiraiilet^inv8.W*direetl^.* We ttM^nHl' 
 diwcct>l aorrilW^iioniisjpirtB vi toll |rafaaf$ itafti*^^ 
 ye|H«eiffeihr'^h#^idteof^ ai^^encevviid liiiUMt e iitiieV i i ft;^^ 
 £«r>tani%0l8iiidtt«^ of ge^«e were all the fii^iiig^lfeiitel 
 ai^, hoc We paasid ie#eial tracle« and honta off deer. ' < '' ^^"^ 
 4i4t faalfwt two A.M^^ni'llie tOA, woalrach<tlie tenlivM^1i<M^ 
 iiidftd«o the mw., the wind hairhw got Itntod Cc» the Sjii^ilfii^ 
 coiiiiiiiied anow. At th^ distante of two tnilea wi< «Bt«riff m|i'' 
 g^||v#|>I^A^R^ittaea wMev which, with the «ieeM^ of a^pMh 
 liiitt aiid there, tHia^iithrtily covered '^liflh attow. The «!iie<MM 
 |«rti of ^ia jAain were so Wet as to b^ Almdat iHtfiftailAjle A^fldle 
 Gi|l^ Mid we wef«« how as desirous of kee|«itt{gi on Aeanol'"^' 
 ^HtflbgHtning 6f OBr:^|il#nef from Whiter Httjboati w4 hi 
 a^0ua to avoid i^ ; llierphiin tertniiisled hytlirnvine,* on tl^i 
 banltof which, finding good ground tor the tenta,luid ' " 
 wiler,wO halted at « tjuarter past seven, beittg in lidtftoftpiif' 
 s#li^ 75* ao* S4<'v the hiitgitttdtf hy account tit* 48' 15^; '^'^^ 
 ^^liHeWsesdievcoBtinbedhaxy, with ibow oocaalotli^^ir^ 
 cHrtbtia dried in the sun umards noon ; soon,'iifter whith, h 
 thefinowhecanie more thick imd constant, sc^tliat we couhl i 
 i4# * him^d yirds around the tents. We wAtsd fir soiil« ' 
 i#hiipe of the weather deating, and then^ at a <|iiarterpaal'fi^^ 
 oiitttittued our journey; as we were under the b«ceaaliy^liai#i^^|^ 
 df^dK#cting;oi]^o«urseenth-ely by comtMlSt which l» llMiifif%^ "^^ 
 unc(Mte|niuaiddecellftft guide, we madeiHJt a slow and t$0^ 
 gte|8« Thcf Wittdfreih'^ied up to a gaii;lhmfi the 8.£^; itiiK' 
 we had set otitt, which made it impoMiiyerfdr us ai^il^gll'>li' 
 pumtier our journey, and we began to liii i^t! for a ip0t'^4^<i^ 
 Ihe ttmts could bi intchet, so as to aiTord^^ a djry fi«ie#ii||ithii 
 aiUlir, during ^ep^ Having cf088e<|lthi««^svfaM^«^rt^li 
 ittile' and ft quarter. We at length 6att« to a Very i^ ^t ' ' 
 waainearly f^tpendletidar on eadi s^^ widr liitf li|K>§M 
 in^ibme pmi 80 as toiaake iidi^^ 
 bank; We werritteo^fbrtonate ih finding inarbs^i^ 
 ol«mw,leadiiig<te#iito'the bottom of thfe mvihe, i^hd^l 
 aiihded this' wil#yiiiiet1^^ #e found sueh|MV 
 ti^d(iterhiine me to lMi^1^« for the night, which hoi 
 mnm imd move hielt^atii^ lEHi-lioMMA of HM m 
 
 . r 
 
 :j% 
 
 ,*„ 
 
 t'.,s 
 
 
I'M 
 
 
 ^■'V- 
 
 
 
 r> 
 
 
 tit <''l 
 
 .^^^m^ii 
 
 .r^^i^s* 
 
 
 ■^^'^;4;^ ^ 
 
 ^|to| 
 
 •'■'"'fep-^sfei-' 
 
 
 18 of 'ii» ^SrihL • L_i^' *T*»*^ HthiOi w^ ia»*. .J!!Sr* 
 
 
 f?l;wff??^ 
 
 ^'"'^f'^WTRSJWf'-.sJS!-, 
 
 wr3«t*. =»*«., 
 
■jww^ 
 
 " "' ,' g''^-' 
 
 M"'- 
 
 fj 1. 
 
 
 fmr* <bela«. ItwM.nccMaify^ therefore, $» iii|li% 
 Ibtti it WW inip^ible for the b«rt biiUt carrinais.r ^ 
 
 inio the nurlnc oni HtM'v^fik tkd^ the |Ddfl«mJn 
 midate. . Th«> iMiflilite was thimfeiv taken ol^ 
 to the botlotn, #liiy» the tents went fntehc49i^:< 
 vli##t beittg lilftiirfaRCe she cm^mkt^AimH^ 
 The latitude 4»baaf^ h«fe «al U' mm*/^ 
 clirbpoapfier^ tU?' ^'.i<OiKf', and the vMatioiiof iM 
 UlWJjif a«" ^Mteily. Thn wind heing fyfsfh. mm 
 ,«nd^tht ima|hei^hiiiiw»<oldr.fmd rawfwe.bna^afr 
 'o|il|elfAtt^M«.a|lib||il|iie<£(>v the uiii4#M^r 
 €M!||,af^ a«H^pi«r,ihelPejBplfi beiiitg a.gOQd.4^ 
 
 j<>f«i|Msy»v3KW«.4Paii^|iere*n greataumbor oC/^i^g^f^'^* ■'^ 
 j^i|Mi» 9MaMii^«n«ir'^bfittin^ 
 
 ' * ^p;«««M«diiMC«iI»t*^<Miii»)^<^]i^^^ 
 ^ , J4he|igh0aai»-!iriai>it of the;caft^li^b|^9#«^#i0|ailMi 
 we «ei».|^di|ia>iniil:e0i8e of it in4:oolung;AjHi^pte9^i^^ 
 aiMed^«9 ai|oih^8iiaB|ituQus;.niea^«'^, .^Itle i|ot|l9fraap«# 
 tlMito wIlo^Ap^n^Kiiei^ciqpcrien^d it,to »QUi|tiii^i|9i|9^ 
 aiip^tliiiit^%ifipi'liMluk«H^^ «f«i«e' Jiiying,^ii^dj|s.*^ 
 
 |^iptKl4^foriK^ioe^,tiiiie,inihiari8^ f^tmate^^ ,11»ii>^* 
 
 I»ili|ei»«d»fl»iMitay^GH». wl^fih ,we pfln(#m «y w* Wipk^i 
 * hacdll«^wn,.whentR|eenQttt;<^il|ilj|J{am^ 
 Jqi)l^'our'aningein«#f with^Dnpeiebto^the 
 ' i[##t»ee»«afy thatf ac$i of mmf^ •»« 
 §»;Mm thfe, .o$Gei:%^!|>o| 
 
 |.<|l».'4iiten^«h9i!t#l m sJf 
 ^i|hek#|fiB^raiifi«t 
 
 ►IBB».;Wf|» ^ ,_. 
 
 nea#ip^ w>ii!»te -^e 
 of |N4P99k.f2iive le.Q^e 
 J^IEOe »pot» W fcad yet^iicen « < 
 kM^iiiicira iliviidaat M ftm«ili 
 _ _ . , , >;ittW|«0». theltered Wd fivjr --" 
 
 *|fii|^»,^.M|t^ ftaMo^ fl^ with i r^umui^n » 
 
 |%aii93i4^4M» ;fjB>ig»aft to o'clock, and »we 
 
 
 i>^W"»^^^ 
 
 "■ *)P^''^^^R 
 
 fiMttfi^ . . 
 
 ^--& 
 
 ji 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 

 m' 
 
 /ii 
 
 US 
 
 # 
 
 .«fe.«eU it t^ the we«tvird««iid tlu»4i.WQuld iteonte 
 
 rV?^ •»* •• the <lifl«iii« t(^theji|rpteit« •hove.mMi. 
 
 J^.?*':?*'*'^^**' •■^^ Ni« «>ft upon the we, 
 ttte ia«q(l^^ J^qg toned thi^!e..tD ftfdceed tplbe 
 
 "•2S*r%*^^*^ ^ ""«• "» • M.W. dimtwuv we 
 ifMi A.M4«elr tbe^aottth-eelt p«rtof. the lahmdi iiMfh 
 |4^y B,y frlr^ Mr, Hopper^ mka4mi!rSSt4mbt 
 
 s J,> 
 
 
 
 
 «ri^4bc» Utf^Iiiiff ome * iidf o£ the ijil^ m we kn^jfii 
 ^minm^, endowing it le the mtmmkt^Sat mota tban m*> 
 
 I2f*ff^ ***!!*•****' *»««»i «wy«I«to5 iMtee w»tN«g 
 Jtee ebi^Atfe^wmitt hw i«*||gi|||B^^ waters IpS 
 
 ^u^^iet fer thit iniepoiei w|i«iep^olthe|M«|}r 
 ^ mJ * ^TO^ ** **** '*^ **'»^ welMSit«dfwk| <win#ftt 
 
 ^SU«Js2£!**?* •*?^ ^"^P^ five tc^ •i»»..ai|4M^,the.weit, 
 
 i^^^ma^ttt^ feet above, theueem^ead in i$mm'm^hmiiilV 
 
 -' T«'^ M^«iCCM«n(uutai«g viefr of tlui Mgul^ whtA 
 
 Sr^ J^ en^eof <he ig«tfi|o the^^MN^wiw 
 
 ■•-■«P¥^'«ww h|m- oiefiuu jQr^np ae^T^npii, ^t^^^^wmm 
 
 lei^m thai wi^jhhottirlBiid^Afefiiwfei^iio 
 
 iiHaMr tP IM wettward df Caiw BliM|#a i 
 
 ,M Jo nam the ^pt^ite shove itaa 001.0^1. 
 ^ tttlfvp we^hadawppowdvlmt a pi^iottio 
 
 r«iwKS^i.*fvi 
 
 
 
 .sjs^c^y.,,,, _"*:f^-^«,w;^^(>^^i|ii^,,*j»^gs^..5»««^^ 
 
in 
 
 gy ftom tot c hnt t lit i' w d«di ant, 
 22tE2 *»*y*«*# •'♦"•Mfc 
 
 ■.^..^ 
 
 !»■ 
 
 
 
 
 '■."'il^jtlgait; .: .'<B)y?fr^*^ 
 
 ^^te^»..*^|^*4««si«f.^ 
 
 ►..fj^^^J^;**;,^-. 
 
 
 H^Kc 
 
 tmmf\ 
 
 '»' 
 
 
 :« 
 
 f>*^¥^^i,i^'fi^^ ;]^'^ 
 
 
 1^— I. «llIl .JHi>*ifcl> llllllllll tiin..^ ^,:i-..jaf.^ . , . ^J , 
 
 Jl^^^k>. 
 
 
 
 i>,.f^-f 
 
 
 
 ■^^%*"-?Ww 
 
 fcf-rr —' 
 
 W^s^i^^^i^^s^is^^ 
 
 
 ~'0frim^. 
 
 ^ " W^wsfffy^'- * 
 
 u^ 
 
 ',«<-;'' 
 
 jig'4>Jjsatf«K'«\^v 
 
 ' 4 J 
 
^.- 
 
 I 
 
 
 ?K 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^V*i4<,-y^,, 
 
 
 ..K,' . .,7' 
 ''•^i^^^ f^..^(. >..#^,.}; ^^ 
 
 ■«-*i. ■■»fi^,r,'^i}i(li^iL^' 
 
 
 
 '!'=--^%kT'i^.|wss*3^. 
 
 
 
 v"-jJ« «!»» one Of th* hatcnte^ft 
 
 
 
 ^ir>,y*«iW 
 
ey of Mi 
 
 ,» 
 
 mlitifilflli 
 rdtsMiklqr 
 
 
 1R!w:" 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 ••v; 
 
 
 
 «"*«• '*!?^i.'«^ hot weiCAw* «»»«^ 
 i^kWghrtwuiidlhrftJ 
 
 
 
 ^^^g^^y^S! 
 
 :.A*f..* flVi'T-' 
 
 ^-^^*'* 
 
 
 til, tiftiiijg^S^^^^ 
 
 
 «ri 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■■ +>. 
 
 B-' 
 
 ■4 ^ -'^^ 
 
 ■P-" '/ " 
 
 ^^1 
 
 ^w^ 
 
 
 ■ V , ^r-i_^ 
 
 
 M^.L',it.Tit 
 
 ' ^J 
 
 'J^^^^^H 
 
 ;.4JH 
 
 
 '^'iJ.= ' 
 
 -1-1^ ^Jt -. 
 
 -.-*- 
 
 •H.- 
 
 
|ipi(inii»l,|i|ii,i|iWi 
 
 ITtt 
 
 ^' 
 
 
 ti«lik»*» fiMMi^wouUbe iiMntf to ctooiliilict, but wiml 
 
 4f IttttB^willlitt ft few hmidrcd yw^ oi th« hilla, wh«tt 
 
 : toMMititt ihn^l pieMft lytng •• th« aurlKtr with ■ IMi 
 
 lUKfMliMr, tlM tollbfti^gtSU qaitoiftftdf. We hiked 
 
 r^ fiUl«^;|klleii VeloelB, living tnivelkd eight miles 
 
 grtwid,' aadl with the enow 9» to our hneea in 
 
 16wt. ;Wfe net^ith no Uving ftlimalt dqriag tiiie 
 
 r, iaiidll 1BM]^ be re|iMrfced» geiyerftlljr, that we 
 
 lINkN^Hiiie <^ ei^iy kind more abundant near die tea 
 
 ;;«iiK^p^ithawprth coaat of Mehdl^ likmd, which ia 
 
 ' them eilbeietence. . 
 
 ;of remiiBiag hero till after noon on the 15lh| 
 
 ■» Ibrideteifalriniag the aitilatiooortheTabl»* 
 
 AameNif nwhidk ift the laoMteOMiiieiioiM objecft da 
 
 titoiit^aawoll ae a marie for the aacWage in the Biqr 
 
 and Griper, dm neopic were employed eariy ill tM 
 
 log pttimea to uie top of it, where a monument tti 
 
 tiaane in breaiidi at ite bate, wae erected by Mr* 
 
 fiiiiiipMr ofKiiader, «^^ of our virit, 
 
 this It. fei die waaatime, Captain Sabine and myeelf 
 
 iecliii obtahiing tho neceaaary obiervatione, by which 
 
 1^ ihe^MU was Ibnadto be 741^48' 33^ ita longttida 
 
 '^\maA ^ ;variatio*of the auignetio needle ISS* 0»' 30^ 
 
 jbcCcwogieciiaome account of the minevala found' 
 
 kooii^ laraH only add on thia ant^^ect,. tthat^ mmomg 
 
 l:ap«^meii|a now added to our coUeetioi^ w^a a 
 
 piroodf fiMmfll|ttii(B.lbotof the wtetemmeit of Jba twb 
 
 and scfiiiratety upon the aand; Itaiayih#:iai|ft» 
 
 Het^ iMWiaiialiritowirdB t|w aaaibr any a|ipiM«» 
 
 ^ll^oOng* but nothingof thia kiadwaa fin* 
 
 iptct ^a cammandingone, aa fatto the weal* 
 
 jbeafiiigi 
 
 :^^kmitmSfif» were completed, ire act off Jbr. Win« 
 
 thiiviBgjiliaed over much rich and wet gioiind^ 
 
 iMmi^wmkmom began to put finth ita laa-vea with 
 
 !|«rfl^oa1|k!««id at a^nren F.il„ hiwifig bean 'metj 
 
 _ d iMoit h<M|^l>r <itnbat overy, oiair: and man .b»* 
 
 :io^ii^lpK^«6f^Jiw^jio a m#.< i ti it fa n > io»to aae to 
 
 ^^gg^i^eaikMik Ai^00^ii^fm9iii0''iimiCi tm^l^tP'^ appeared 
 
 
 . ) 'ffr 
 
 in -.1 '"'V' "Tm"'" '•-^-'/'^■■■^■■"-''-fj' ■' "■■ n*- iff ■ |.||| 'Vitt/ilMiiiilliiiB'illliin'iiii Ii"ii1 ■ 'm' r'~Tii 
 
 ■;ii*««rS«i!*ifl|S^ij^.r« 
 
 . •("fS!iM»l^ty*«iV'a*i'ri 
 
 3; , ::i0m^^;$^^!^^ 
 
 smmm^f"^-' 
 
mitf ■.ftfm".^^ 
 
 ^sm^, 
 
 T»^P*J 
 
 IW 
 
 %?■, 
 
 ^.•'<*^iiiN»#*' 
 
 * 
 
 \ 
 
 C»AftM he. 
 
 
 ^fii '.': 
 
 •>«■: <.>i' " ■!"■* |?'-t 
 
 iiimMifm wih^jh upon ^ Beth cmI fikt Bmm hidm I^JM 
 
 |Alpj|t<JI^« Iq <&i £9w«r Port ^ fl^t jahr>flir--;Sto awilfa i i rflj^ 
 madeim.$I^UikrB»(iowr, 
 
 I HAD the liippiwBM to ftad, mt my return, thtt the «6|om« and 
 IMS fai liotli eliifli^atiotted t»«nj<i|r the ^mt Mod hiihii <Kh«- 
 foNV withiihe etct yt too of 8eoti> wh» wai'tiili the oal^niB hi the 
 li^ieWe Mek4iit, «i€ whoee coni|phriBt eecwed eoch ae t^ htltk 
 t¥Wf iittteiii|K>thit hid been oiede te orodinie a» ameiidittehlt A 
 ediiitiiif dil)Meiti{iii to ftiMtaif nd a hngtthl cort bf deefinitpBr 
 hid heeoy l»r toiie tiew peM^ the aaljr eifMsCome wMdl la#wM 
 Mk E#iriMd»«htMiidBab iJhe«»ti4M»ihi^ 
 iili^elNii«thli«e tthiidiiidf neeeeeai^ toilieiMMilnie in* a^^tiNi 
 io|>eihirfen«oefHiM'frfr the week et^ DurilMtt^ 
 
 abteteee he had beetl much worse than before, n6tirithetiii^ii|fllM 
 tt«WM«l«ite and attention pikt to hhtif bathe waino#:te^ i^oci 
 hetrnti M$ had Hved ahnoet entirely on die ptavaiMin aMd^d^lli» 
 i#^»liicli« ^dBi:»Mit quantify had beenfroetRvd tn eetH dii eiill' 
 aMi %invhle«oMM In bwh ehipe abondandy^ and tone had it illi'^ 
 tiiiehieK iisttedto any other ofioNr or man in the elMHlSoii^^ :- 
 '*&m mjikpmm tit the-ehipe hnd «o«eoa aatielnctoiilr dtiite 
 li^M«|«nee, ihllGripe^beinf neatly iready flar eea, the i^eli^ 
 ^(^ItWlbrirwd, on aeco^ hiemf irwk with^e b^hMt^ 
 
 ori»ilioh?ei]tl^«fiii« tone had been bpenght oh board t« eon|^ die 
 defi^l«iBy of liveil^ hi her hokte. The eorvey of the p^ieiene, 
 HiMt idd «dier eieiM was completed, aad the quantity aiid ^mdi- 
 tidll df dMi^ wldi^ie ^ceptioh'of the kmon^uice and vkiegit* 
 before mentianed^ wei« found to be eadsfactMy. Indeed, tM^ 
 whole of the pfDvisieM was ascertained to be as good as when ilt 
 CiMe ontof stOie,inorethan twelve anonths before, eicctit a siM0 
 qnanlity «f bi«ad and of sugar on die outside part of a few cu^ 
 oil #hieh a litthrinoistttre appeared, and which made it eiqpniiaipt 
 lottse thdse articles first. This evceltent eute of our pimiilaiia 
 iH^lty independently of the antiseptic uroper i ies of ainld'diMif, 
 nilGh h unlavOHrable to fh» pocess of putrelaction or thetttenNld- 
 
 .-t"-. 
 
^^PfiiP^PwP 
 
 J W^ 
 ^^v" 
 
 latton of Ytniiin, b« ntinly attrlbnttd to the mm which had bmi 
 taktn to lupply ut with eireiy articto of tht bttt Quality, aadtt 
 path the whole hi itrong, tli|ht caakt, which wera at on«e Imper. 
 vjeoa to water, and leM liable to danaM by accldenta hi the hSd. 
 with mpect to veraiin, I oMy here aiCiitloa, that not a mouae, or 
 rat, or inaagot of any kind, ever appeared on board* to my know- 
 ledge, daring thii voyage. 
 
 ^ A veiy parceptiUe ehange had taken pUMo In the lee of the har. 
 bour OB iti upper aurftee, it being covered with InnuMerabla poob 
 
 ?:?2W •?**?y "w^k^'h. ««««P« €>«>•• In-ahore, where tha tidea 
 bad lifted the ice eoneiderably above the level of the aea. 
 
 PrtvUniely to the boatinoance of the narrative of oecurimeM 
 4ilbi^tic^ to my ratum from the land-jburney, It nay ha praper 
 to ttlve ettme account of the obMfrva^oni made on board the ahipe 
 by Lieotenanti Liddon and Beeehey , daring my abaenco Ibm Win- 
 ter Harbbor. 
 
 "^ From thews it appeart, that the fim red phahirope, (i>hiihr90iu 
 Ph$i/rmck09)y and also the fim ilock of tnow-buntlnga which had 
 been obeervcd at Winter Harbour this season, were seen on the 
 adf^Jnne. . ; It is perhaps worthy of remark that, from eiriit P.M. 
 <m the 1st, tiU midnight on the Id, being an taitarval of twtnty- 
 eicht hoars, the mercury In the barometer remaUiad slMdlllP it 
 tMrtyinchee^ without vanring a single hundredth. The waiAar 
 ««al«l0Qdy, and the wind rather variable, though modaraia from 
 dnittonbward and westward during that time, and two or thine 
 fino^Aya succeeded it, though with some appearance occaabniOly 
 
 ,/;0§l1|illor,;SnoW.> ■ . ■ ■- ''v.;. h-?;^,..,,. ,. ^.. , 
 
 IT4 •««k of twelve kinf-ducks, Hying to the north-aaatrtoMliiar 
 1^ tfslagbt^raven and an arctic gull, made their appaaraiMO on 
 the ad|M# a foldan plover was also killed, and a few othen aaaa 
 oir^atday» The thermometer rose in th4 shade from 19" at * 
 Aliit«^i».4fl*/ atnooo, which is one of the greateat changea that 
 iHiSPfi^eiienced in the course of one day at this part of the scale. 
 On m 4th, Lieutenant Liddon caused Hi! Maiasty's Urth-di^ 
 fio^^«onioiemorated in the best manner that the situation oi^llia 
 shii^ would permit, by hoisting the ensigns and pendants, aad^di- 
 reeling foU allowance of provisions to be served to the erewi. It 
 Is remarkable that, at Winter Barbour, the weather was fine, and 
 tile Wind moderate Irom the S.S.W., during the 4th, wMbi at a 
 few, l^gues* distance to the northward, we exiierienced a hard gale 
 from the soutbwM^, with continued sno.r aad a heavy drift. On 
 »^^*» the officers remarked a more perceptible thaw than before, 
 bflth^on shore and on the ice, many pools of water hav^g appear* 
 adiht^wplaces on the Iscter, and the snow disappearinglistfiroiA 
 JlNtiMidvf though no streams of water were yetseen^ the neigh- 
 houihood of Winter Hariwur. FhKjke of docks and geese wei« 
 from this time seen almost daily for the next six weeks, except ha- 
 
 t^.^.^ 
 
 . r4 
 
 ,ay!S3Mi^:l««vfii^il4i^**Ci^V- ,■;.- r^ 
 
179 
 
 flMdittoljr abotit tli« thipt, from which the game of eveiy iMirM 
 •CMred Mon tfter thtir arrival from the southward. 
 
 On the fth, LiautenaBt Liddon waUied over the ice to the en- 
 trance of the hariMNVy wheii there wat not even eo much altaratlott 
 perceptible at abont the ahipe { indeed, every thing remained eiaflM 
 If the Mune» to all mpearanee^ aa in the middle otwinter. At ftvo 
 P.M., the weather being hazy, and a light thewer of mow fallings J 
 n strongly {nismatie n&bow appeared, a phenomenon of rare ocr- l 
 cnrrencein these regions ; it had, I believe, nothing abont itdiffittr- 
 •nt from those observed in other climates. On the 9th^ the first 
 seal was seen, lying upon the ice } near the mouth of the haibottri 
 and havlnc a hole doae to him, as usual f as we never anir moilr 
 than one of these animals here at a time, and that vfrj^rarely^ it 
 waa comnMn Ibr us, whenever this did occur, to remark that the . 
 aeal hadlieen seen, and the same mode of expression waa as nattt*> 
 rally and more justly applied to the bear seen in the autumn soon 
 af^r our arrival here* So few, indeed, are the l^limala in thia 
 neighbourhood, whieh either live in the sea, or derive their subsist- 
 ence from it, that it is scarcely poasiUe that the Esquimaux, who 
 depend chiefly, if not entirely, upon them for provision, could lonjg 
 exist on the shores of Melville Island. About this time aeveru 
 mosquitoes {Cukx JHpitnt) were caught, but they were never of 
 the;least annoyance to us, as is the case on the shores of iliidi(»n*a 
 Bay, and in other cold countriea ; nor, indeed, did I hear of any^ 
 of our people havins once been bit by them. The buds of tho 
 Sateifra^a Oppo^t^foka^ and of the dwarf-willow, were observed m 
 be openrag out on the 9th, and some of the sorrel to be in flower} 
 a piMit wim a flower of a lilac colour, having a veiv sweet smell^ 
 and which we supposed to be a Draba, was also observed to be 
 pushing out.ito blossoms about this time ; but none of these plants 
 were so forward as the saxifrage. 
 
 On- the 11th, another instance occurred of a remarkable diflWr^ 
 enoe in the weather in Winter. Harbour, and at no great distance 
 tothenorthwardofit, the weather being described in the Mete- 
 oroAngical Joumala of the ships, as very inclement, with s gale of 
 wind from the westward, while, near Bushnan Cove we enjoyed « 
 clear and moderate day. Some hares were seen, for the first tiaii. 
 to the eaaiward of the ships. 
 
 Some of the officers returned on the 14th« after an excursion of \ 
 two days to the eastward, bringing with them thfee brent-geeito^ } 
 ant brace of ptarmigan, and a goktenplorer, and having seen s«- 
 veral hares. . Mr».Beverly describee ll» soU upon the hiUa to M: 
 composed of clay, and the. hurge masaes of sandatone which iic^ 
 frand, on the surface aa, much impregnated with^lron. Thi llM? 
 i«ln-deerwere aeen from the ehips this day; and ItwascoiyeMniid 
 l^&e oiBcen^ from the attnatiia in which itoy were obserrtd^ aM 
 
 /^ 
 
 'LM'I^VP 
 
 
 J5»/«|slSv-., 
 
 
=;*•; 
 
 
 } 
 
 180 
 
 fnm OMir aettuilE off dirMtty to the northwitfd, thitt they had hmn 
 
 landed upon the itbnd. ^ 
 
 Beiiig detirout of praeuiiny as Miich game aa {Ksiiihle duriiw 
 
 m reflMinder of the tioBe we intcht be declined itW to remain m 
 
 oar preaent inactive itaie, ind finding Oat the ahort daily ezcur- 
 
 aiona which our aportamen wete enabled to make in the uaoal way, 
 
 did «o| trte them to a sufficient diatance from the ships for this 
 
 pimMO, I direetedH piity of offieera and asen to he prepared from 
 
 ^h rhip, under Lteufienanti Beechey and iiimpoer, to remain a 
 
 A ^* *"'' *^ ** distance of ten or twelve litUea to aie eastward 
 
 npul i^f atward of the harbour, and to send in their game whenever 
 
 •ay ahottid be procured. They accordingly loft^ ships od the 
 
 «J^»» 0^,}h« l«tl>» catrying widi them temsy blanlets, fuel^ and 
 
 ,tht sang aUowanee of provisions as was iaaued on hoanL lieu* 
 
 ta|M Jifppn«r, who Qoatuninded the pfciy ^wMch went ^^ dw^ 
 
 •fli^-^i^il, was diivcted earefu% to watch the iee, that any lipi> 
 
 pMiance of its breaking up n^ght immediately be made knowit to» 
 
 me. Captain Sabine and hia avn weso indfefi^gibly emplMed 
 
 diiimg^^day ia pitching a labqratory.tear; havkig a mamus* 
 
 w^hin il, for the rieepHqn of the clocksvit being Hi wifth, now 
 
 ^itf i^m; weather was ntore favourable ftn« the puiweae^ to oecuiw 
 
 ^i^'"^ ^ ^^ ^*^® ^^^'^ "Hght ekpce previott^l^ the sa^M 
 
 <^wW^diliQn, in making a fresh series of obaervatiom lor the 
 
 p»|duliHBa. At half sin hour b«fora nsidnlgfat, a tiipfe n^bnw 
 
 apMaNdf^thft ottter ai^di being <iuiie compktei ahdatioagly dnged 
 
 Wl|» the ptismatic coldura ; the aeoond iiearly pai4ocCf and die in- 
 
 ncr one being only peacepttUe near its easferh leg^ 
 
 A fog in die earfy part of the morning oif the Ifdi, benit dis* 
 
 pfPBed Mr thf warntth of the sun, the weatherhecpune fine atwpka- 
 
 Mpfe Having obaeHred that ihesorml was now to fidr ad>vaaecdi^ 
 
 f^age as to be easily gathered in aoAcieat quantity far eadog^i 
 
 M# «nrd^s thai two aftercooos in each week should bO occupied 
 
 r ^ aH l^nda in cdkcting the leaves of diis phint) each manhdag 
 
 I VMuiwd 10 bfittg invfer the preaent, one oimce, to be serred m 
 
 ( Ikttdf the h»mon.jttiiee, pkkks, and dried hoha whieh had h«<Ha||«. 
 
 th^ laaued. Thif growth of the abnel waa Irom ^ia tinie^ ae 
 
 qmh ^m vMMstjr of it so great on every part of dio geouiid 
 
 a^t the harbour, that we shortly after seat the nm^oat eveiir. 
 
 ifMf^lbr ais hmi» or tnio; In whiditime, bcaides dm idvaatiwe 
 
 tC^^^y «r«ik, th^ eouHl widuut diffiiadiy pick nMiriy apocnd 
 
 tfir^J*? wldafck aadaeorbatif, of whieh dwy wave ail ek* 
 
 •""^^ «!*d. ^4 MTt in^ the learna dMa da^colbeied ««»ie»vtd 
 
 -iF?^ bilk i^'iHoBiaaBd men, and eaten. in^aaioaai^a, 
 
 iliS?^ ■*^' ** ^««if*«V» or hotHed aa gnseatf 1« d»^3 
 
 """^^^ «n«M»«fcr «ndf3rfmndamly usiil titt we aaHid 
 
 TyiJWW* abdiav three weaka afceiv whtnt*** ais«fc. 
 
 a of sending on shore io proon^ri^ H. Of the: gi^ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 ■Mtmsmt^m^^^^^^^ssitm-- 
 
•Aett.prodace^ upmi our heri^ l^ Ow 5^^ W 
 tiimv«vca whew l«Mt to h« expctitea»Uttle <|Dttbtc^^i 
 
 ta attribute in a greai„aegrec w «»« ud« w. m» ii^— yi -r- -^t^'-tt 
 8tat» of •!» citiirWUia Saw o£ iMM iR^««W^t ^IC!S«f* 
 at Ma. We feimd ai«» a fisw wolt df tcun^^graf a (<?Wf W«f 'jl 
 mHroUt), bnt they ware too rare and the kfmit m •*W»^.*»« <» 
 
 Sir. Wakeliaaa, witk • part]? firop the %W.. JJJSJA 
 evening from a ibooting excur«ion, having kiU^,tliawr|»'»ir_^^„ 
 we kalpvoeuM tlpia eeaiwi, whicj^gaye us MJtJ po^ oy^ 
 A eecM^ ■ettH in by Ueutenaot Beechey on toe •**H lr- ^" 8^*^ 
 only fifty^dio pouada, wlien deaaed, though not of ^^^^^^ 
 size; but these animals are eztismely lean on ttteir Bmm^H 
 from the swiOh and ^ipear to tmpcove in this rcspctf viiy rapidly 
 by tha gocHi IMi^g th«^ find npon thia islai|d. ,^ 
 
 By the JMt of lane the land, in the lounedwke ^pe^boinhaod 
 ol Iha shipa^ and *ipeciaUy m low and •fte»tered^^Hi«p«|i|k^ 
 atteheov<i»d with t»o handsome pur^ ilowar oflli^ J«^^ 
 '-'^lio^^^il^i was at this dpain j^at pyfeetaoti » Jfsd j ^ 
 eheeiMuw w^d animaibiootb a scene IjtrtiBpirio min» 
 
 deacn|ia^iNa^>i^it»«Ppe«HU|oe. The pep»r C^^ifMi^. 
 cmklmiAammp^im pUwts, most of «hieb appc«s«a w]-.^^ 
 duHng the mon|b of juifr, aibrded us a decree of enioym«tl «* 
 made a»fi»4»lii»e forget the rigooe of this scvevedimate, 
 
 .Wbe vhi4 iai^ieaiad to a fnsh gale £rom the north o« |||p^ 
 oithoSdthyand «ohtiaiied to do ao during the toiaemin^9muv» 
 that€ivml»8riww hadgwt di«M»7W> «epJ*«!»»»«W«^,^*<*»5| 
 and in apNjt io| i^«ry eaettion the canvas «ame ui «fff> «*•<>* 
 thMiH.«idtp«^ it oot of its place. Tbe »r"f»» f N» W » 
 wamtOit^hiWte^lWiJi before, ware auwK disahac||tng| siKh ^ 
 andtmd Mtvei^ mto tko sea, as to leadar the m4«f<« •■■i»*^'«* 
 The aaddesaeei w«m^«bi<hthe changes «dEe phico during^ ihoi* 
 ieaaon, whii^aiirl^ 0^(l«u<^^ diinate, miMt apn^AiT 
 
 very sticking irhi^a it is remembered that, for a pan of »f /wife 
 «#hiin |«m^ ira Here ttwiar the naon^ii^ ojf thawing artificii^ 
 the aoow whli^'Ve^agMide osa of for water duriip^ the ear*y PJ<* •* 
 OQfffourn^toMke Jiamjbww^ «ha»» d>ww^.^e aesoad ^«MJP 
 gro«md4wai« soma >pB|is ao wet aodawampy^th^ we c^uW Wif| 
 a^»^tHni#$«»d thai, had waiiot tatowwdhefora t^ ead ^ 
 tlm thM week, w^ahaidd probiWf have heea preveated dM; # 
 for aoma timed^ thi ippossibiii^ of eroeaiog tstuc nvin«a ^^l» 
 mat daagw el beliiffi^^^f^^ *way hqf the toTReitfs, ao i^fmnt 
 Sat lAppeaad to ^u^^untpng paiccifs on on« or two oecatioBa* in 
 
 !»»- 
 
\'l? 
 
 F^¥Ty^ ytffy /_ 
 
 las 
 
 p. 
 
 
 r 
 
 fc!* V 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 gHEl(N^PB||MNl|f i^tp nlQrik ^itb their game to the, ships. Lietitenaai 
 3w?^|y t*i>tUi ayiothfrdeer, being the hurgest of a herd of fifteen^ 
 lffit »i ^N i t|W i |pg which it onlf furnished us with seventy-eight 
 foiinds^^ vi#«ii. I4eii^ei}ant Hopfm that the pools 
 
 ¥pon tM tqppir Mrface Hnk ice to the south-west were rapidly 
 IttCMli^llg Ml size and winibeF, but that nolndication of its breaking 
 
 iqE^ .hai(rly0''|^pi|IVed» - :'. ; 
 
 C^ihe 9^ at iMir fM^t a thermometer, in the shade on board 
 ^ M##Ui» stpod at 5t% being the highest temperature we had yet 
 ii(lgist«iied this season. A swan was seen by Mr. Scallon on a pond 
 tp die aW.{ this was, I believe, the only bird of the kind seen 
 ctairi&f our elay here, except a jiead one which was picked up on 
 Ottr fiirit arrind. 
 
 ppi tl^ 9/^ wc had frequent showers of snow which occur in 
 
 ' ;dliMlet«iiQM or less at all times of the year; at this season, 
 ever!ii;'%iieA the earth is warm, it seldom or never lies on the 
 und for a whole day together. 
 
 Cai^a Sabine, among Uie numerous difficulties he had to over- 
 come in coflR^ting his series of observations for the penduluni, 
 was now annoyed by the constant thawing and sinking of the 
 gioui«d, though much jiaii^s had been taken to ky a soUd.fouiMla- 
 tioa fof lAie cfochs to stand upon ; fortunately, Jbowever, no serione 
 incomNmltnce arose from this new annoyance. Lieutenant Beechi^ 
 and his people procured another deer, and several hares ancl bird^ 
 ^l^eibx added to the game already received, aflbrded a supply su& 
 |6|fnt,t0 subsfituter for. three days' regular allowance, )vhue near 
 the ships scarcely a single bird could now be precured. Not 
 doubtthi^ ^erefore, of the advantage of this pUn, I d^rmincd 
 to c^ft^ue-it till near tiie^time of our sailing, by ralievihg the. par- 
 ties ii^% eert^n number of day's absence. The men were,, in 
 tlMnil^^parHcQlirly fond of these excursions, from wh'^th they im 
 tl^|ipi^.riturned in the best possible health, though ^nerallya 
 Ktti#;,t&iuier than when tiiey went out As a matter oi good poli«- 
 cfyit i|«i:0|ir enstom to cootider the heads and hearts of the deer 
 M thff h^M^l perquisites of those who killed them# wltich reguk. 
 tion served to increase their keenness in hunting, while it gave me 
 people tbttjieii^loyed rather a larger share otfresh meat tiian those 
 wh0 remained 0n board. 
 
 Xilameiwiit 9eech^, on his return from the eastward at midnight 
 oniliai|6th, reported: that the ice along shore in tiiat direc& 
 amMned in a More forward- sute of dissolution than near Winter 
 Harb<Hur,.there being ahnost water enough in,sbme pkoes to aBow 
 a^boat to pans, with several large cracks in the ice Pleading finom 
 the land sbme distance to steward; The deer had n6w ^come 
 m^w^ aaore wild ndir the tenta, and it was tiiereliMe necessaif to 
 Wi^ the mind a Uttie. Lieutenant B^chey «icceede4in kiiliug 
 one of tleie aninab, by lying down quletly» and imitating tiie 
 
 
 jj^iiKss^lK^^itli&sttXttSi 
 
 ■ riy- t'^n 
 
 '■f'^^^-m^;- ■ ^- ,::h^i^iiffQ.r^; 
 
 V -fe: 
 
113 
 
 *' ' -ti. 
 
 yoiee of a fawn, When the deer immedhitely camis Up li.W«i wi^ia 
 
 fin-Bhot. The honis of the deer, kUled a» ihit M^iii^«fcMr. 
 ither remarks, were «* covered with a toft^tkin, "^^^l^^Pft? 
 pile or hair upon it; the home themaelvea wer« lofti i«d;i|?y»i 
 tipi flexible and eawly broken." The foxea, of wWl* ^^S^ i 
 several, ** had a bkck spot, or patch, on eatll si^ of ^a^ftpl* 
 quarters or hams." Lieutenant Beechey rM6rtidi' iHtobt that 'tuia 
 of the H-scla^s quarter-masters, wll6 belonged tohb P*^«>^«!^ 
 with the crown-bone of a whale at the diitanee of '%mm,mft^ im 
 sea, and considerably above ita present leveL , Anot»^|W*«l»- 
 sequently found in a simiUr situation, m6re UmamM^mi 
 of the harbour* and nearly buried in Uta ewtife» iJlii|i|»'1( 
 frozen around it. Two hesdbindsy to the eaftwuraif: Aii; ^ 
 near the station which Lieutenant BeeclMf Htfd ciil^iW 
 tents, and for the position of which he had dbtained^liMjl;^ng^M|( 
 his late excursion, were named aftjer Messrs. Kalseaiia^ikMliMI. 
 On the'aOth, one of the men, in returning on boMUrd* ff^W^ 
 daily occupation of gathering sorrel, found in H IMeiiifjMiii Wite 
 a smaU fish, which appeared to be of ^ iiAm^tfjSl^ullA <m 
 going to examine the place where it was ^cM'wMfV J^NnMs 
 and myself found two others exactly similar. Ai m#jWlsn 
 no communication between ' the sea sind the tt^N^'', *(t ' 
 ice, sufficiently large to admit these fiih, tt beeadif 
 question in what manner they had got into dkri^ifuittilMi l|',^^ 
 we found them. It appeared most likely that li^^wMMt^ifoiim^ 
 the surface of the water at the beginnhig of wililMr ^«lt«i» Jiir'mt 
 first commenced, and perhaps, therefore, had heeh iMffii|i di^ 
 dead. We remarked that wh(enever any hard, sitbiMao(i;-WWi 
 iqx>n the ice in small quantities, it soon aiake| a de^hole lo^Hpu^ 
 ^ the heat it lOMorbs and radiates, by which the iee •l<oniiA(:ir» 
 melted. There were at this time upon the ice lnlnlme#abl^^lirtbfl 
 of thia kind, some forming; small, and othcira lafge jpnnla <»f'#Mi 
 and in every one of these, without exception; aowe iQttrttiej»«il> lib- 
 atancet such as sea«-weed, sand^ and not unfreqiienjtfy «' n«l«lb^««f 
 BQudlntttrid shrimps were found. In one 6^«hMe>h0lea lli^lilh 
 alluded to were found. It was curious to see' how il^ree^ eoii* 
 tiary was the effect produced upon the ice by* onantity of aiNnr 
 whieh was pot out upon it in the early part 6f May^ Md whtiil^ 
 by preventing the access of warmth, had now beciHOttermsed ilwfvn 
 the general surfoce more than two feet ; aflbrdibg astrongiHridiiMl 
 example of the principle on which straw is made use M^ift^; ifi^- 
 housei, and what was at that time of mere ittpiertaniee t^'tma'^^k 
 pr^ how much the upper surface of the ice had been i tf>f i i|| tl y 
 wasted by dissolution. js^y<^ ;¥• 
 
 Lieutenant Hoppner returned^ on the evening of the $fltt^livl|ii 
 his hunting excursion to the south-west, brittgmg - whlihHpiliii . 
 game» and what was to u» mueh more acceptable, the wellflM* ift- 
 
 ^^vi 
 
 
 ^^^mSmmih^' 
 
Ww^ w 
 
 ,ijAitiitMlfi'jmVMii^^di^:S'*iMii^:JI^^M'^t 
 
 Ty^YVi "^^''e l^f 
 
 I* 
 1^. 
 
 m 
 
 .sf 
 
 fygmmim Hwmm ic» ipfcd bees observtsd ita moltoaai dit offii««i 
 lii« mlk im iHeeiMiltrrtt Wfp fine obMired by Messrs. gkttte 
 «ild#^/idb^im t)f liie^^ Hopimer's {Mftjr, and who iwrD 
 «indteiii9L v^ t iMidgiiiidiiii; iMite^ wfiicil» as they had soon «ho 
 .,^|l^ ^^ «^e«lioned by the heavy fidd^ke scttiiig 
 ^ ^mtlmHi at the distance of five orilcs from the land^ 
 of * mile m hour. The wind was at 
 ; on, the ^ceding day at had btown a frelh 
 
 i 
 
 l^ewise Reported that he had, in the course 
 
 (^t widi a ladce between foar and five asiles 
 
 lllMiMkd at the dbtaace of twelve or fourtetn 
 
 tHe eimvneti of Winter Haitenr* and four 
 
 ii&a was atUI froacen over, fant, from the 
 
 ^ abearance 9i being de^ ; and it ia| 
 
 Mr^Eile had fallen in with, at the tiiae 
 
 lember t819» and of the situation of which 
 
 '- €]^ at^ eatislaeMry account* ' '':^-:'.'> :^■^^.'i^ 
 
 liisi^ wffliam Scott^ of whose comphunt I have 
 
 ^qH»ak, had become ^uite delifiona, and «oidd 
 
 ^ ^ ltt!6e« Mr* Edwards was at imt in hopes 
 
 li^l^fcA.^ 8<H9Be temportfy canst, boi was aft ti wafda 
 
 Itfi^tiinldid, kt every respect, a state of ibsoUilfe 
 
 |lb|nii|l^ne|Ht| and this Minion waa ecibse^iienil^ 
 
 •|p|i»i|Rii^^ which only now^oune toioiir 
 
 i€nact<Miiit'wi$be given in another pteefe., 
 
 ,%il h4fl b0#ii ippadnalh^ gromag waaM, 
 
 ^"^ he^iraapo ^ibadiNnisted^thai AfiEb 
 
 te jtttvlye thnof^shilllc nigbt.i i Aa«^ 
 
 onased by that %eirilraiiw^^^ 
 
 ^tx any clodiea oa^ iie hid bisadiad 
 
 pain^ .A^itwa»|n»periiddcwn^ 
 
 body ahoidd be;ti>ened,ii«i»nlhstaitad^ 
 
 aanaen enti^rttan wffkMXiStAM pHuBtiee^aaul 
 
 he as well to overconp^ mofevf sa<|itaa^ 
 
 .^^oanpUed with Mr. KdwiivdaVi«l|papal 
 
 iMwection^ "Bio msadt was attiiiliD* 
 
 ^ ^^ , en u whose clliarga this un£»rtiaiiiCe 
 
 $ ind, Imay be perrnktedtback to asyactf 
 
 aibit : l^ed his^ death to have been iteinedipM# 
 
 a mi^ which, perhaps, no skUl apr attetetiol|canld 
 
 any^filmtei or under ai^y circtaansta nc ei^ <Bidhavin|r 
 
 £6iibi^dnWidioarpresentpecidiar«itai«ioni^^^ 
 
 ^the leHrice in wIMch we were ca^igiBd* Astlda'^aae 
 
 I rotily fmk one daring ^ y^ymig^^Silhi^ykwmaif 
 
 )iny before nndartahen, ai mort^ pan^dcclair acttiiint of 
 
 faihqpl, bt teontidered tininllicsilag; wldi tida mir, 
 
# 
 
 191 
 
 therefore, as well as from an anxiouji; desire to do ji^stice lo 
 the skill and humane attention dismayed, biy the me,4ical. o^ceirs 
 during the whole course of thispoor mi^Viwess, I have i'«<iue|^* 
 ed Mr. £d wards to furnish me with i^ dej^i|ed statement of hi%. 
 caae> and of the treatment adopted, which wili.he ifoun4, in the? 
 Appendix. ',',;, "/ " .: "",'.,,',,, 
 
 For the last two pr three d^yii, the spring-tideji, ^^idi had.l^en 
 unusually high, overflowe4^^th;e iceiiffi^,tlfe jbeacb^sp as ,tof||iflikf U, 
 diaSculttoJahd nea^high^flpr^teff. (ftthe genera|§pp^a^<^^;t^^ 
 ice of the har^r* ther^ j|*r^ i^p y^fry ipescepi^le^ |l^^al|^J|J^o^^ 
 day to day, thb^g(| the^ampgjprpcquj was certainly ^linf im f ^v 
 g-cat rapidity attljis pflrio^. Il^iesffi^r^ho reUeyefjXi^fflMWi^ 
 lloppner, iq;Co#npaDd.of t^ejliUating B^^y to t|»e.sf;^utlAWftit» re^^ 
 ceived strict muunctfpns^tp «ratch. thejqf; cpus^ntly^ s^djlq i^fjki^;, 
 an Mnmediate report ^ffnyappewapicepfppep water, ;infi|Kd^.^ 
 tion* For the Ifst four; or five dayi^ in JigAevWe b|4 e^per{^£^. 
 naorc of southerly, wmf^> *S«^ *»?^^i^*!«U¥^a*« J^TO»^^^ 
 cloudy, with a good d«al of smtdl rain,,and.now ^d^eji^a^lit^, 
 snow ; the genein^ tismperaitiire pf the aii^^ 
 pleasant and comfortable to bur feelings, 'as well as favpj^ca|W|pj 
 the dissolution of the jce, for whi<ch |iii(e.were|S0 finxioi^;|v loo);M|g.^ 
 
 One of Mr. Nias> i^irqif arrived/coi^tb^ eastward oi| jjif i)*9|9ing^ 
 of the ist of July , witl^ a g^itsuppl^fjo/^l^esi idlicks^i^l^iTsr 
 gans {he had seen ^bovck fifty de^i^im^th^ee .^m but^ti|3^. *^^i 
 too wild to allow the party tpjget neff thim, iii acpuntiy^ w4th^«^ 
 the smallest cover pf any kind. Anodier fish ,wa| pici^^^% to^^^^ 
 
 pB^Sunday the 2d of July, after dm^eaervici^W^ 
 formed, the body of the. deceased w^ft cpnA^mtted to the earth, pn^** 
 level piece of ground about a hun^^ci Xi^rc^s fwna tbe bea<|l;^jii|i|^! 
 every solemnity which the occasip|i^manclej|^ and tl;u^ circum- 
 stances of our situafjon would permj^. | The. ensigns and, pen^amsj 
 were lowered hali^tnast during tbe p^esspj^, and the re^iS^ 
 our unfortunate shipmate i^ere att^iu^d tatlie ^rave by every offi« 
 cer and man in both ships. To the pjsrformance of this last ^els^i- 
 choly duty, under any circumstances, sufficiently imp^essiv^ the 
 peculiarity of the scene around us, and of the circumst^ces m 
 which we were placed, could not fail to impart an additional fcfelC 
 ing of awful solemnity, jwhich it is more easy to imagine than to 
 describe. A neat tomb-stone was afterwards placed at the Head pf 
 the grave by Mr. Fisher, who carved upon it the name of tl^e de- 
 ceased with the other usual information. 
 
 A herd of fourteen deer bein^ seen near the ships, a party ifks 
 despatched in pursuit of thenti, with pur customary Want of success, 
 It being almost impossible to approach them in so open anjd exfips- 
 ed * country, sp that these excursions generally ended in a chase 
 
 ■■ ^- Bb - ■ ■ ^■-.-.?«^=.- 
 
 \Pi 
 
 I 
 
,.„^,.,„ ,,:,,, .,' 
 
 iW 
 
 l>^ 
 
 f-Wi»»Y 
 
 b$hrmimtjmiik^^'^' de^i- { toiki« good dogs would, i^erftlfift 
 
 ^ rlH^;flt^ Stlvft«vifk|#«ti dtt^bdii^ our bower ancHoh and cabDs* 
 fmk ille beiekv^n iijithp ^f %t diipculty we should have found 
 iil*^i«fOvb|'tbeik aner the i^ bigin to break u^, each ship placed 
 two atream fncbors on shore wit|i hawsers from the bow and qtiar- 
 ,lim4ii<3pdK«fl ittiiasftof aay ioddeii mbtionof the ice, the pools 
 jA^ik!^^ iiirtBlf^ed verf pierceptibty both in depth and t%- 
 
 im ^i^M^titr dibf* -'U bbldiAg into th«se immIs, it always ap. 
 si$^i^«)iii|^tfa«^^#^^^ Wei^ falling info tfaimi 
 
 •i|tr^'#|^'M4 tti^^4^ Jttid sW%#i,t!ie thartllo- 
 
 mm^^ Mb ^e movitiiM a reii to 4r; Oh th^ m 
 
 |^ii;^llii»^,itst6ieid for threi^ hours fh»ili Htf to sr, with * 
 
 liill^¥ fWmi the iit^Ward, fccoinpaiiie^ |)y cloudy weftthei^; 
 
 ai|t :$i thi itftiernooiil <)^ the two foMowfng <!b}fs, the wind being 
 
 '^'' K^tlfc the atiisipiitihere emtiihiid foir som<; tiifne at the teih^ 
 
 iMciltttkii of ihiB m df ^e haboufWint on «o hipidly'lti 
 iM'^M pih orl^, ihiti^e #ere gteady forpris^, ^ the 6th, 
 ift fitilii^idlat itt'^veril of the poob of ^ater, on its upper stir. 
 $mi li<ili|li w^ Wished ddte through to the it^a ben<^th. CM ex- 
 ipajii»i^><|r«^ of tlM^ lib' attnge ttiiiclcftels bf 
 
 tMlWiK^ ttp|»i> piH<^ #B feMiboar wheb tnb ships #ei« lyfng, 
 d#^ ^ik^^ i^ feet, whi!i;h #as inuch less than We had atay idea 
 <^i '^iTb^Ntfds the ibbulh df the tettbour, howeH^, Where die witer 
 Wkldeib^^b jiM )hM iMide appepfniiie W ibtftf a#s 
 
 tmtm^'' ft imiiihei^ Ke,fe#iia^d, thit hriiU cases we found 
 '%I^M<^tl^#ed«iff1i^^^ up in the shodeit lister, in 
 
 ImI^; I biipi^,' ^f |M6««aier facaity#fth which the 
 ^4 sman%&1^Rp m lc(^e <^%e sek, iOisiMrd 
 
 h3iit^4 the heat of the si^i'r^s ; aiid, ^ it is M stich iituSiioiis^ 
 
 thither JKeberally fi^^es the Hrst, this eircunistMiee sediis a 
 t^iarialile vtataii<^ of the prdvisio^ of i^^ 
 « bdiTiifee fit the quaiiti^ <^ice ite^y fbrtt|ed atid dlsadt^i, at 
 aM'(««Vent any undue <# e«tr^<:d!tiai7 aecuinulitidik 6f ft lit l^jr 
 pirt'«fl4)e.l^olar regions of ^e earth. In conse^ue^e of this 
 tlti;iin^tani:e, we were now enabled, for the first time, to bring 
 ooi' bdvta down to the beach, so as to allow theni to Qb|t 11^ 
 high water, in order to prevent their being split by the sUii, /«^hile 
 H^ery iMher part of the harbour^ ekcep^ dtuS stettr di<i sh^, we 
 M ^Mt $be means of doing sb ttU some days afterWirdS. A'itiSilg 
 d^ iaemks, ahio, which Watiii^ eet^bjrs In tlAise r^otsb i^'dts- 
 a^Hf^ during the thoit summer, the ice whlcli his biieti forvibd 
 \ipon the sea by the cold of winter* there appears t& be none oitn-e 
 
If^f^m^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 m 
 
 cftc«ci9Ut than |h«jijiinierout tUtfiM of w$m Pfp^W^ 
 melting of the toow upon the landk and which, for ij^i^ 
 )fMt six or Mven weeu, typM^ in the cUn^te of ^e|yiM> . 
 are constantly, discharging themsclyes into the pceaiji* pi^^^ 
 count, it wwid appear nroba^le^ that hiph }w^ ii|inpr« ^yia^ 
 iQ the dissolution and disperaion 9f tjlie ice n^ iMsboref thf^ 
 which is Ibwerf because it supplies a nevep;-c^ing;jfli9ii|r; !<>*> w^te| 
 during the whole of the thawing peason. ftiirMt^^^imf^ 4i# 
 of Sejptcmher, |81ft« we found t^ streaif in FofiMc^m^h m,i^»r 
 charging a torrent of water into the aea> i^i4ll^c'F ^<W j9<^%99l)W 
 enough reninining on the lafid to keep ^t^ ta»^ f^b^jm^tji^tim^^ 
 it should be arrested by the lirost oJF winter f,:wWfi^ ^.m 
 islands, which are venr k>w, coni|»arati,velv w^tlf tl^,,)^ 
 Possession Bay, or in Sir Jaaae'a t »anc a s t er a fo'Ww, ye ; i'ounay\ 
 the same season, in 1819, and much bef/i^re.tlfe thawjipy ^4 |nifbr 
 ed, that tliey were completely free fr^m vfO*^* the i«f fnes f^^Ms^ 
 dry, and the ,y hole face of me isUm^ pmih^ ^a ^racked, i^lfh 
 ditottght, as )i,t)V!Vi» !i*4 ^on no poiatjaceapon t^e PH^e fdli.wit 
 grouM:;for aofne tiine. . ,'.),■ •"■'•",-, .v- •, .'.■, ■ -^ ■,..;;> 
 
 On unhanjipng ^e rudders, 9n4 J^PuUng Ihefn up oil the Im 
 for examination, we found theoiia goo^^i^ol >MfI$^ f^ff^jP^I^H^ 
 by the blows they fcwl i^ceiyed d^airin| the tipe ttejjliiflb f^fi?*''- 
 set at thecntyaiic^ of Dayis* ftM|f.. Wfl P)iiP|L?>N»4%*^^^^^ i" 
 der«cases in both ships hl4 beett^fi^d|iM^ smau, ojp 
 siderable difficulty in getting the ruddem down plicin ?eorki^>^| 
 circumstance ^ no meaiit dUadvantageoui (perhf^ ini^eo,,fa||i^ 
 tho contvpyj on^inary perviee at sea, but f hic^ shmilaJ^.cfifpr 
 fnUy nvoif^d in sjiipf intended for the navigatic^ 9xi^>^ tjc^t #f»ji^ 
 i» frequent|)r iM^cies^^ the rudder at f fhoi^, nc^^^ m 
 
 ^er to pt!es«rf e itlhom iijuty; as onr future el^eiice^^i^iMl 
 to lea^h us. T^s lault waf^ hop^eyer, s^n 'Kttafii^f^^4^-1^ 
 tndflerf jg^ hm^ in readinem $i^ sea. Ahout ,41^ l^hi <# 
 ^^^^flocks of toomt occlsionally made their app^ri^ce, |i^va^i|^% j||r. 
 
 * »i« qii^SSAt b«Nf^ aver tt^ r^rtp^. anf my^ **np 
 
 of iralspr w^a^ 1 haye heipl^ deici^d as Otfciuting hext the beach, 
 at if lQO)ung<QWt for|ood>. 
 
 |pn|^#|othe^^ 
 wJ^pi^jiMdla yeiy leiOiffid^ a^teratioi^|ii t^^ ice, nii^l'^git 
 of a blui i^bi^ uroyor t|^ _^^ 
 
 QuaMMir of the holes in a miich greater degree thandKrJMig thje 
 same 'Mrf$ <ff f»l ot^ier perUid; Uti Jt^eid^ |^ho ceturi|e4 oP w^ 
 lOt^ mm m niii|ting?«xeuraiQ^ to the soutb^iteAt, rej^r^ 
 ever» ibat he hi^ no^ daring tus al»Knce, peiteeped the ice to,, 
 ip jp^on, nor was mere any percepdble, 4t«mion in the #i^i 
 piasa upoia the coii9t,fiee|>tJn the incresM of tk#n^ 
 ''~^- it« «ad in the breadtili of the Uttle channel ^tween the' ice ji^ 
 This chanlifl, if so it maybe called, vrh^n^he 4epth fiis 
 
 I ' 'I 
 
 
 1. , 
 
 
fr 
 
 M 
 
 I i 
 
 
 not jret Aufllcienito tfoit OQe of our whale-boitSf was from forty to 
 tSxy yw^'^i <*id« in the part of the harbour next us* but much more 
 on ihie' northern and elitern tittea, where the shoal-water extend^ 
 to fi gfreater distance from the shore. We were in hopes that the^ 
 apring tides, which took place abbut the llth, would have been ser* 
 viceable in breaking up ttie ice» #h'ich'now be^n to approach that 
 state of rottehness, as the sailors term it, which made it danger- 
 ous t6 walk across the pools, as we had hitherlio been accustomed 
 to do, to avoid the trpuble of ffoihs 'round. No sensible alteratioil 
 was' produced, hon^ever, by the 'highest tide ; probably in conse- 
 queiicc df the ice being already so completely detached from the ' 
 Miore, as tO' allow it to rise freely, and without resistance of any 
 kiodVli^Mry other floating body { the height and velocity of the 
 iides are htiire^' h(id|6'ed, soimiiU, that it was not reasonable to ex- 
 pect much frbm them in' this way .' ' 
 
 On the 14th a boat pttsstd, for the first time, between the ships 
 and the shore, \p cotisequtence of the junction of a number of the 
 ix)ol8 and' nodes in the ice, and on the fbllowing day the same kind 
 of communication was practicable between the' ships. It now be- 
 came neceukty, therefore, to provide aeainst the possibility of the 
 ships bdn'g forcejd onshore bvthe total disruption of the ice be- 
 tiiredathem'ihd' the beach, and the pressure of that without, by let- 
 tiiig gb) a bdwier-anchor underfoot, which was accprdingly done as 
 ibon jii^ there WM a hole in the ice under th^ ^;ows of each, suffi«> 
 ciently large to*&llow the anchors to pass through. We had now 
 been qiiite ready for sea for some days ; aAd a regular andtmxious 
 lobk-i^nit was kept from the crow's pest for any alteration in the 
 state of thi^ ice, which mighi favour obr departure i^^iinn' Winter 
 Harboifi(r»' ih which it now became ^ore thdn probable that We were 
 di$stiAli^ t6 bi^ d<>taihed thus inactively fot* a part of each month in 
 tfi^eH^ql^^^evr, as we^ad reidhtd it in the latter part of Septem- 
 beir, l|ifj|%«re likely to be pTe Vended leaving it tilt after the cbm- 
 niiiniiiAeht of Avigi^t. ' ' '',*'•■ 
 
 On the 16th of Tuly* the streams of water in the ravines were 
 once tiiore passable with great case,'^nd the snovr had' entirely dis- 
 appeared, except on the 9idfs of those ravines, and in other hol<' 
 lows wliere it had formed cbnsid'ilra^M'ilHfts s t6 that thie appear- 
 ^ncfe.of the land was mibhihe'idmil mw as-when we ftrst made 
 the islands In the lattilr piiirt of Atigust the pit-ejredttag^ yean The 
 walks which our people were enabieil'!to ttike at this period^; when 
 the 'fc^Mher was really mild afid pieiisant, atad to our teeHngs quite 
 ds: w^rfii as the summer of any other climate^ together with the 
 lilfcuriatus living afforded by our hunting parties, and by theabun- 
 djtuat supply of sorrel which was dways at command^ were'^be 
 ^eans of compl&tely eradicating any seeds of scurvy which might 
 have been iurkin||^ in t^e constiftutions of the officers and men, who 
 weire now, I be^eve, In as good health, and certainly in as good 
 
 jis*2S 
 
169 
 
 spirits, u when the Expedition left Engliil[d. GratifyAi|nUi this 
 fact could not but be to me, ii was impossible to contemphite with- 
 out pain the probability, now too evident, that the shortnew of the 
 approaching season of operations would not admit of that de^e 
 of success in the prosecution of the main object of our enterpritv, 
 which might otherwise have been reasonably anticipated in settinfl 
 but from our present advanced station with two ships in such per- 
 fect condition, and with crews so zealous in the cause in which we 
 were engaged.' 
 
 From six A.M. till six P.M. on the irth, the thermometer stood 
 generally from 55' to 60" ; the latter temperature being the highest 
 which appeared in the Hecla's Meteorological Joamftl during this 
 summer. It will readily be conceived how pleasant such a temper 
 rature must have been to our feelings after the severe winter which 
 immediately preceded it. The month of July'is, indeedt the only 
 one which can be called' at all comfortable in the climate of MeU 
 ville Island. 
 
 On the 18th I rowed round the harbour in a boat, in order to 
 take the soundings as far as the ice would permit ; when it was 
 worthy of remark how exactly the extent of the clear water between 
 the ice and the shore corresponded with its depth, it biting nearly 
 a quarter of a mile wide on the north-eastern side of the harbour, 
 where the deepest water was from eight to ten feet ; while on the 
 western side, where we found two fathdftis, the passage for the 
 boat did not exceed forty or fifty yards in width. This channel 
 was almost daily becoming wider, especially after a strong breeze 
 from'any quarter causing a ripple on the sea, by which the edge of 
 the ice was constantly ixrashed and rapidly dissolved. My inten- 
 tion, therefore, at this time was, carefully: to Watch the increasing 
 breadth of this opi^n water ; and, whenever a depth of three fa- 
 thdn^s cbUld be {builds to warp the ships through it along-shore, as 
 the tmty means which appeaitd likely to be allowed us of com- 
 mencing our summer's navigation. 
 
 On the 20th, there being a Strong breeze from the N.N.E., with 
 fog and rain, all feivourable to the dispersibn of the ice, that part of 
 it'which, was immediately around the Hecla, and from which she 
 h^d'tieefi artificially detaehed so long before, at length separated 
 into pl<^ces; and floated away ; carryings with it the collection of 
 ashfcs and other rubbish which had been atcumula'ting for the last 
 ten months ; so that the ship Was now once more fairly riding at 
 anchor, but with the ice still occupying the whole bf the centreof 
 the harbour, and within a few yards of her bows : the Gt'iper had 
 been set free in a similar manner a few days before. But it'iiha 
 only in tbsit parted the harbour where the ships were lying .that 
 the ice bad yet separated in this manner at so great a distance' from 
 the shore } a circumst ncfe probably occasioned by the greater iradi- 
 ation of heat from ships, and from the materials of various 
 
190 
 
 fc 
 
 kiodt which we had oecttioB to depoth ufcn the ice diving the 
 time oi our equipment. 
 
 Lieutcmmt Liddon accompaBied me in a boat down the weat 
 •here of the harboor, to the sottthern point of the entrance, in order 
 to MMmd along the edge of the ice, where we found from seven to 
 ifteen feet water : the ice about the entrance appeared ttill very 
 ■olid and compact, and not a single hole was at this time noticed 
 through any crt the poola upon ito surface, except one which was 
 made by a seal, and which discovered the thicknem of the ice tp 
 be there between two atid three leet. 
 
 Mr. Draley, with a hunting party, returned late at night without 
 success, having lost his way in a thick fog, that hung over the land 
 at intervab during the di^, a circumstance which did not often 
 occur while the ships remained in harbour : we frcquentiy, how.- 
 ever, especially in die month of July* perceived heavy fog*banks 
 covering the horizon in the offing, while the weather was perfecUy 
 clear near the shore. 
 
 On the 21st, Mr. Fife returned from our hunting sution twelve 
 or fourteen miles to the south-west, and reported ttiat the appear- 
 ance of the ice in that quarter was much the same as in Winter 
 Harbour, except that the space between the ice and the land was 
 in most |Mtrts not so broad. 
 
 There was a fresh breeze firam the north-eastward, with fine 
 clear weather, on the SSd, which made the Heda swing round into 
 twenty feet, water astern ; and the ice, beinff now moveable in the 
 harbour, caiUe home- towards the shore wim this wind, but not so 
 much as to put way considerable Mrain on the cable of either ships 
 and the holding-ground being esceUentt theret was nothing to 4ipr 
 prehend for tiieir securit]^ -> r ,ff 
 
 During a walk which I took to the southward this day for the 
 purpose of examiuiag the ice near the mouth (^ the harbour, I was 
 glad to find l^at a quantity of it had lately been forced up on the 
 reef, by the pressure of the external ice, a proof that it had some 
 room in which to acquire motion, and which encouraged a lu^ 
 that when the wind should blow directly off the land, it might dnft 
 the ice aufficientiyfrom the shore to afford us a navigable channel 
 to the westward. I, therefore, went damn in a boat in tiie after^ 
 nomi, to aee if any tiling could be done, but found the shore so 
 losded with turoken ice wnkh a north-east wind had first separated 
 mad then drifted upon the beach, that I could not get so far as the 
 south pcunt of tiie entrance. 
 
 A flesh gate which blew from the northward, on the moming 
 of the SSd, caused a great alteration in the appearance of the ice 
 near tiie ships, but none whatever in that in tiie offing, or at the 
 mouth of the hwrbour, except tiiat the shores were tlMre more eo- 
 cund>ered th«i before, owing to the quanti^ of pieces which were 
 separated and driven down from the northward, eo that pur small 
 
191 
 
 bMt could ndK Mcceed in getting aloDg the ihore. The Mrlh 
 shore of the hai^ur wm now, however, to dtar m to iMl|lc« Bt 
 to send Lieutenant Beechey with two bonii to bmil the leine, in 
 the hope of catching tome such fiih as we had some time agp fiiaBd 
 upon the ice. Our fishennen, however, had little succeie, haviimp 
 brought on board only three imaU fish, which were all that w«|» 
 fotmd in the net. 
 
 Ota the Uth, the taila were bent, in rendineie for our etatth^ at 
 a moment's notice^ though, it must be eonleeted, tliat the OMmvo 
 for doing so was to make some show of moving, rather than anf 
 expectation which I dared to entertain of soon escaping firott oiir 
 long and tedious confinement i for it was impossible to ceneeal 
 from the men the painful fkct, that, in eight or nine we^&s from 
 this period, die navigable season must unavoidably come to a con* 
 elusion. 
 
 I went away in a boat eaily on the ihortttiig o^ the 95tb« in or- 
 der to sound the harbour, in tflose parts where the ice would adtnit 
 the boat, with a view to take advanjtage of the first favdittable 
 change which might present itself. The vdod htviiif coitt^ roiind 
 to the southward in the afternoon^ caused the sepatauoit df a lar«e 
 portion of ice on the northern side of tkat which flow oMo^kd tM 
 Harbour, and the detached pieces dtifting down toward! tts^ nnK 
 dered It necessary to be on our guard list the ships shoidd bb 
 forced from their anchorage. On thie accMMt^ as well as frwh ti^ 
 anxious and impatient desire to make a Miove* however triflin#^ 
 fitom a spot in which we had now unwiUins^ but linavoldrib^ 
 passed nearly «ten months, and of which we hM long been heaiftfl|^ 
 tired, I directed lines to be run out for the purpose of Watpittg th^ 
 ships along the ice in the centre of the harbour, and at hatf'pail two 
 P.M ;, the anchors were weighed. As soon a* a strain was put 
 upon the littesf however, we found that the ice to which they were 
 attached came home open us, instead of the ships being drawn out 
 to the southward, and We were, therefore, obliged to have recourse 
 td the liedge-anehors, which we could scarcely find rb<^ to drop, 
 on account of the ckneness of the ice. Having warped a little way 
 out ftom the shore, into five fathoma and a half, it wafs foond iili^ 
 possible to proceed any finther without a change of wind, and the 
 anchors were, therefore, dropped till sudi a change should tike 
 place. In the course of the evenin^g all the loose ice drifted past 
 us to the northward, loading that shore of the harbour with idnu* 
 merable fragments of It, and leaving a considerable space of clear 
 water along ahore to the southward. Our hunting parties #ere 
 now recalled, and returned on board in good health in the course 
 of this and the following day; having supplied us, durins the 
 whole time which this mode had been adopted, with a quantity of 
 game sufficient to substittrte for more than one mtMith's established 
 proportion of meat on board. both ships. Their succem had of 
 
L 
 
 19» 
 
 U^t liowever, btcomc very iodiflerent, u thty had not i««n a detr 
 fpf MV«ral days, and the birds were grown extremely thy. A 
 bfrjl 9f seven pufk-ox^n had lately been mat with to the south* 
 
 wfit,,: 
 
 , ,P|i the rooming of the 36th, it wat nearly calm^ with eontinuc4f 
 rii9 and thick weather } and there being now a ipacf of clear wa^ 
 ter for nearly three-ouartert of a mile to the southward of ui* wa 
 tn^\ advanuge of a breeze which sprung up from the northward 
 to wcighf at nine A.M., and run down at far as the ict would pcr^^ 
 n>it, ^ then dropped our anchors in the best births we could s«<-' 
 lei^f, Cloif t^the edge of U, with the intention of advancing step, 
 by itfp, a* it continued to separate by piece-meal. The ica acros»f 
 the fntrf^lca of ihe hiurbour as far at this spot, and tha whole of 
 that ii^. the offing, of which we had here a commanding view from 
 the Hecla*s crow't>ne8t, was still quite continuous and unbroken,^ 
 with ,f^9 jame app«aranca«f solidity as it had during the middla 
 off^^ryO^epttliat the pools of water were numerous upon ita 
 
 ,,pn th#.97th, the weather was dear and fine with a strong and^ 
 rai^h{er,.qRl4> wind from ^he W.N.W., the thermometer not beings 
 hj^iir, thfn^r during! the day* The general temperature of th*f 
 attno8|^re had, indc(<^, bftCpre this time, begun very sensibly to] 
 decr^f^, and from thi|j)fr|ftd the thermometer seldom stood so, 
 high il# 4(y* in; the shadf iurii^g the rest of the summer. Soma 
 showvrs pC alfct and snpw prevented our sending the people on 
 sboff to picJc iprrel, as they had been accustomed to do for soma 
 If e^kfpait jc ^js valuable plant was now on the decline, the leavaa 
 b<sginninjB.t0 wither, and hinving much less of that acid taste, which, 
 cpjMtitutes itf principal valine. 
 
 ;t;Pnthe mnmii^g of the 28th, the wind, having shifted to the 
 sou^W«r4> WM found to set the jce (close to the edge of whichf^^^ 
 thpI|i|c)ia;hM Anchored) against the cable, putting some strain upon 
 it in ad^tiom to that of the ship. We veered* therefore, to thirty 
 fathoms, to enable the anchor to hold ^he better, and ranged tha 
 o;:her cM>ie. At half-pas<t eight A.M. I rowed along-shore to tha 
 sPifthward in a boat as far as the ice would allow us to go, which, 
 howe[ver, WAS not a 8^n£;le yard beyond where Lieutenant Liddon 
 and Myself had gbne, with almost equal facilttv, eight days before. 
 I than landed, and walked about two miles to the southward, where 
 I haid a clear view for several miles in that direction. The space 
 between the ice and the land between the entrance of Winter ^ar- 
 bour and Cape Heame was so snuill that a boat could not possibly 
 have gone that distance, even if the passage out of the harbour had 
 been clear. The only appearance of the breakitig up of the ice 
 cqnaisted ina quantity of it having been recently pressed up into 
 hummocks in some places near the beach: but, upon the whole, I 
 was compelled to admit, in my own mind, that there never was a 
 
iW 
 
 M* which appMnd leM aavigahlc. On my Mtan* I ptietivt4 Alt 
 oiff ptople weM'bwv in the boats, and fouiid when I 90I oil Ml4» 
 that tha Haela had bean forced bf the ice Into ihirteea 6ii4ii» 
 abalt, the wholr^body having coma home upon the eablai §»■§ i|l 
 drag the aachori l«ieutenant Bceehey had, with great plom pt wlj l i , 
 cut a bight 0r dock in the ice, and dropped the kedoe in the iMUNhI 
 olte, by which miarti he had, before mv retom on board, ilicia«di», 
 ed,i» Mtting the aiiip once more into four fothomt i and thi imll 
 bowar^efaig thanth^vn npiche waa hauled laut into scvMllliMpiiii 
 and the other anchor letgo, after which wa lay qv^ta aMarfly^/lil 
 wind Traihening up strong from the westward at night* wmlpiq^ 
 thaka at a aum^ant distance from us. 
 
 On the 99tb, Lieutenant Liddoo had aent me wnid iSift thi 
 di^r, which Imd taken her birth to tha southward of onf^^iii 
 niMnamuch more secure situation than that from which ^ 
 Heda had just escaped, the ice pressing forcibly upon her cibN at 
 tioMs, so aa to endanger her being forced on shore by it* Lieuia- 
 nant Liddon vary prudently, therefore, unshii^' htk ruddfr* «ild 
 otherwise preparM his ship in the best manherhe could for taking 
 the beach, which is here tolerably bold, and quite solt-aad iiuddy. 
 Happily, however, the westerlv wind, whieb skonl|^ iAir ttftrntg 
 'up4 prevented any accident of uiis nature. 
 
 Many of the pools of wfcter upon the ice ware sUght^^tflik 09^ 
 durinrthe night of the 30th» whid^ had seldam been thfcisf j^ 
 several wet \» befbre, but which nuw^teok pisiee almoft evepy p||||| 
 for the rect of the season, as soon as the sto had becOAtt K^ .M 
 three P.1II. another large portion of the Ice neat os detaci»cd:lt|l|r 
 from the matn-bodjr^ and floated away to die eastward, ki^mi'^ 
 a space of three or four hundred yards in extent clear «n nipA' 
 th#ihip, of which eircumstanc^; we immediately took adfiii|tift'^ 
 weigh the anchor^ and shift our birth forther from the ihore. 
 
 ' TM wind «ontintted fresh from the W.S.W., and nt hal^jpit 
 ievafi P.M. i%asiitformed Ih^ Mir. Palioer thM a iC^MMritibn oflw 
 ice had jttlt^tiken puce in the dffinl^'whfeh, on goUt^iiHb the 
 -crow*e nest, I found to conslet of a nine df clear water, nnirow 
 andvnot ifttogcther cohtfnuous, 1ttn|j^ in a direction ne«r^ pamttel 
 to that of the «»ait, «bd ibout thr«Ni mifils' dtiiiiit froii& it; bci^ 
 probab^ the boundaiir of the last' winter's ite. Prom the outer 
 poiat Of the reef of Winter Hirbdiirli cnscli^ coinmenced^ and <ouId 
 be traced, it inte^Ndirtill it apiwenred lo j«in the line of aeparatic^ 
 before diesci^Nsd ; ttie tee acrCis die tnoltth of tKe harbour remain* 
 ed perfec^^»&|>aetand ithbr^len^lo that We could still do noUi- 
 ing but WitiAi^^^^t«%fes|i^ the operation which seemed atlen^h 
 'to^hi^ oi^aiiiiiMld'ii i^^ 
 
 i1iewindbi to|i B^ e t m ^8^^^ night of the sist^ serv- 
 
 ed t9 dose the laiie of wiiir which had appeared in thf oSiag the 
 
 B-b . 
 
 « »i 
 
 'Mi 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 /i \ 
 
 .-ixj:m^ 
 
 A>f 
 
rf \. 
 
 "J- \h. 
 
 M-'i 
 
 I'l 
 
 194 
 
 t}i«^)tfiiogday,^hiclt we conbldersd a favourable ctrcumttance^ at 
 sbe^ihg that the eiteintd masa of ice was in motion. In the course 
 of the day, the wind ehifting to the W.N:,W.i #e once more dia^ 
 «0Vired a amall opening between the old and yonng floes, and at 
 deVati P.M., the whole body of the iee in the harbour was pjer- 
 tel^d to be moving slowly out to the south*eaatWard> breaking 
 ai^y, for the first time; at the points which form* the entrance of 
 l^ma^tir. This sUddeU and Uneiqpedted ehange rendering it 
 tt^libl^ that we shouM at length be released^ I sent to Gaptain 
 ftbi«^i%hohad beeU desirous of continuhig his observations on 
 tlie betid^lum %6 the last moment, to requeat l|e w^uld have^^ihe 
 clocks ready for embarlcation at an early bofUrin> the momingw^ 
 
 I f&iMllred Lieutenant Liddon with inatrudtionsfot his future 
 glAd^fr dl^g the ensuing season of operation^ ippoiiittng alad 
 cd^tafo pliccft €|re«^2VoU8, to focilitate our meetings if| caaei^ 
 Imtv^daBe fl^para^^ during that period. I sent ahio on boam 
 the Griper^ in com^iaitee with nty Instructtona on that head^ a 
 Chan of our late discuverics, ttogether with a duplicate copy of 
 e**ry document of interest relating to the Eijiediaon. 
 
 The latitude of the anchorkgfe in Winter Harbour^ by th^ ttifeaU 
 ofthirty-nine meridian altitudes, is i ^ H* 4r i9".S6 N. 
 / Th« longitiide> by the mean of six hundjf^ 
 md nine^-two sets of (^Mervations, constat* ^ 
 
 vm of six thousand eight hiuidred and sixty- ; 
 
 ^lunardisttmceii - - - - - . - 110'48'a9".2W^ ; 
 
 the dip of the lilagnette needle - - ««'4a* «. 
 
 ThevariatiUtt -- - - - . - - iar47'50" E-^ - - 
 
 The mejm time 6f high water/on the full and change days of the 
 mojon . . . i . « . . . .. 1 hom- 29 minutes^ 
 * ("May - i 8 feet 6| inchear* 
 
 The mean rise of ttie tides - I Tuna - - 2 „ 7 
 
 jtjuly - -2 „ 8* 
 
 *■ -.J^j^j^lti^. 2ntfeigfe>*^t#viiL4^'^^. 1 1 
 
CHAPTPB X, 
 
 \ V? 
 
 Leave Winter Harbeur-^FlaUering Appearance iff the 8ea ta thi 
 Weetwari'-mopped (y tike Jbe near Cape Ba^-^^urtker Frogrfte 
 to the longitude ^iis*48' aii";B, being the metemtnoet Mridian 
 hitherto reached in the F<ifar Sea, to the JVbrf A 0/ JtMrim-^ 
 Banke^el£mddieem)ered'--'JhereaaedBxteniandMHmiemkm 
 MetH-Metntn to the Maetwardtto endeavour to penetrate tike m^ 
 Hke Southward^Bieevoery ef aewroL lalande^Berenter Barrtn^e 
 etraiitandSarveifite Booth Coaet^PaeB trough ^rjamee £a# 
 eeutet*§ Soandt on our Betum to England. 
 
 
 "tHE wip4 stiU b^^lng fresh from the noftl^wsird ^nd ^estward^ 
 thfi-^cecoxitiQuedtq^^ft pi|t slowly irom the har^^^ur^ tiUt at eiaht 
 4^1|^,fli5t|lie|s(t of '4Mgust, it b»4 i^^t thtt whole 9pae^i)ei^(cep ^e 
 fl^llipaQd Capgiff^iiie completely clear, and at eleyien o'dodle t^|:r^ 
 flppf^are^ tq be irater rpund the hur^pnpcks of ice which lie a^ircniad 
 <^|E^ pqint. |n ilfie mesin time, qi^^ boats were ei]^p|pyed m ei%> 
 bsuri^^ng tjbe i^lppks, tents, apd observatory^ while I squpded t|ie 
 f^tP^ce of the harbour, in order to co|n)plete the survey, which np 
 (C^pc^unity Jiad oftered of doins before this time. At one P.M4 
 havjii:^ got every t^ng op board, and the ice appearing to be jt|il 
 leaving the shore, we welghe^^ and ran out of Winter Hai^qyir, J^ 
 ^||ti^|i ,^e ha4 actually, as Kf^cl some time before been preoii^ea, 
 pi|99<Ed tep whole months, and a part of the two reipaining b|iei^ 
 Septeii^hj^ apd August. The mind is always ap^uous, howexrerj, 
 io find soipe gropnd of encouragement and hope for attaining; tl^ 
 object of its.purauijt, and i^e did not fail to remember, on this joi^t 
 casipn, that's^ort as oiu: season of navigation must of necessity be, 
 we wer^ about to begin that season on the anniversary of the day 
 on which we had conimenced our discoveries from the enibrapce <^ 
 dir James ^Lancaster's Sound westward* in the precedipg year ; an^ 
 that if we were favpure4 with the same degree of spccess during 
 t}if same period j^s before, there could be little doubt of the eyepr 
 tual accomplishment of our enterprise. 
 
 In running along shore towards Cape Heamey generally at the 
 distapce of half'a mile from the land, we had froip ten to si^tei^ 
 fathoms' water* apd roupded the huinmocks off the point ip sii^ 
 and a half fa^oms by three P.lii;. As we opened the point, itWif 
 pleasing to see that the coast to the westward of it was more clear 
 of ice, (eief ptihg the Ipose piepes which lay scattered about ip 
 evtiy direction* but which would not very materially have ipoped- 
 
 
 t *1 
 
 ii&te 
 
 'jM&V.^ii^t^ -* 
 
 ''^J^i^'SatH L -Ti^t 
 
 i^i-.'^immm^'i 
 

 ilie lUivicpiUoa with a fair windO than it had been when we firat 
 
 'ved off It, a month later in the foregoing year j the main ice 
 laving been blown off by the late wtrsterly and north-westerly 
 winds, to the distance of four or five miles from the shore, which, 
 Irpm all we have seen on this part of the coast, appears to be ita 
 VMipst limiti. The navigable channel, with a beating wind be- 
 tween the ice and the land, waa here from one to .two> or tw« 
 sSAlea and a half in width, and this seemed, from the mast-head, 
 te^ continue as far as the eye could reath along-shore to the west- 
 ward. 
 
 We found, the wind much more westerly after, we rounded the 
 point, which made our progress slow and tedious.; the m«re so, 
 as we had every minute to luff for one piece of ice, and to bear up 
 foV.ftOQthei*) by which much ground was unavoidably lost. We 
 also found the ships to be considerably impeded by a tide or cur- 
 rent setting to the eastward, which, as it slackened about seven in 
 the evening, I considered to be the flood, the time of high water 
 at Winter Harbour this day beii^g about half-past seven. After a 
 vety few Ujcks, we had the mortification to perceive, that the Gri- 
 |)er sailed and worked much worse than before, notwithstanding 
 ever^p- endeavour which Lieutenant Liddon had been anxiously 
 making during hei: re-equipment, to improve those quidities in 
 which she had been found deficient. She missed stays several 
 times in the course of the evening, with smooth water, and a fine 
 working breeze ; and, by midnight, the H^cla had gained eight 
 miles to windward of her, which obliged me to heave-to, notwith- 
 atanding the increased width of the navigable channel^ the weather 
 liaving become hazy, so as ta endanger our parting company. 
 ' At three A.M., on the 2d, the Griper having joined usf we ^ag^in 
 made sail to the westward. As, however, I could not but consider 
 that her bad sailing had already lost us a distance of at least seven 
 Ihiles in the first day after our leaving harbour; and, as it was evi- 
 d<6nt that luch detention must, if continued, absolutely preclude 
 the possibility of accomplishing the main object of the expedition, 
 I addressed a letter to Lieutenant Liddon, desiring to be made 
 acquainted with all the circumstances of the Griper'a incapacity, 
 that immediate steps might be taken, either for improving her 
 trim by any means in our power, or, in the event of failing to do 
 SO, for removing her crew and provisions to the Hecla, and prose- 
 cuting the voyage in that ship singly. 
 
 During the whole forenoon of the 2d, we observed a well-defined 
 tine of ripple, at the distance of two or three miles from the land, 
 ftid a few hundred yards from the edge of the ice, running parallel 
 to the shore. We tried the current about noon, by the small boat 
 moored to the bottom, on each side of this ripple ; and found that 
 outside, or^to the southward of it, it was running to the eastward 
 at the rate of one mile per hour, while within it no current was 
 
 M^tcfc^a^^sa.aiffiJ'iS 
 
 ..J^itikin*''"*'^'ilM^i!mt^ , 
 
 ^^mi-i 
 
m 
 
 perceptiUe. Our latitude, at noon, by an indillel^ «iilr(^<»D, 
 ^traa 74° 36' 33'^ and the longitude by account 110* i»9^j bifl^*lb 
 forty-nine fathoms water, on a bottom of bhie clay. : J^^ ^' 
 
 Soon after noon, a breeze sprung up frbm die S.S;W.,*''#iii|i 
 being rather upbn the shdre, made it likely thilt the ice wouMttti 
 . begin to close k; we, therefore, be^n to look out for a situii§| 
 iKrhere die ships might be secured in-shore, behind somd of #b 
 heavy-gprounded ice, which had so often before afibrded Us ^i^ilr 
 under similar circumsunees. Atone o*clock, we pfcrciivtil't^ 
 a heavy floe had already closed complete^ in with the land; atii 
 point a litde to the westward of Us, preventing aU^hopi^df farther 
 progress for the present in that direction^ A boatwa8Vtii|^l^» 
 sent to examine the ice inshore, and a favourable |^c^^iiili% 
 been found for oUr purpose, the ships weM hauled in,^iud'ii<iur^ 
 tlt«re» the GriperVbbw resting on the beilcb, in order t6aiI6# the 
 j^ecla to lie in security without her. >lth\n place wa« so COmpletdy 
 sheltered from the access of the main body of the ice, that Ite^ 
 to think seriously of taking advantage of this situation to #emo^e 
 the Griper's crew on board the Hecla, and had consulted the ol^ 
 eers upon the subject. The circumstances, however, whi^hji^b" 
 sequently occurred, rendering such a measure inexpedietit,beiltie 
 no longer necessary to the accomplishment of the object in vie#, 
 1>y which alone it could be justified, I was induced to give it up, 
 adopting the best means in our power to remedy the evil in avx^ 
 tion.'-' ^ ■ . '^ --;■;;'', 
 
 The beach near which we were lying is so bold, that in standiti^ 
 off-and^on in the afternoon, in more than one part, we bad/lFN^Ift 
 seven to ten fathoms at two hundred yards from the shotv'; ^ 
 -which distance, from the confidence we had acquired in tll« i|^- 
 larity of the soundings, we had no hesits^tion in standing i»^i^ik 
 as there was occasion to do so, and always without a^y appar%t 
 risk. So perfectly fl-ee from danger, indeed, is the whole of this 
 cotet, as lon^ as the hand-leads are kept going, that it has ol^ 
 occurred tome 9^ not improbable, that the annual motion of U^ 
 and heavy masses of ice may in some degree prevent the accuttiu- 
 lationof sandy shoals near the shore, where local circumstances 
 might otherwise t^nd to produce them, as in other seas. 
 
 Shortly after our anchoring, the Griper*s people heard the gro^4 
 mg of a bear among the ice near them, but the animal did not a|r* 
 pear; and this was the only instance of our meeting with a bclU't 
 during our stay at Melville Island, except that which foUowed -" 
 of our men to the ships, soon after our arrival in Win^r HarlM. 
 Both crews were sent on shore to pick sorrel, which was Hert^ 
 less abundant than at our old quarters, but it was now aluiott 
 old to be palatable, having nearly lost its acidity and ji^ice. \,„ 
 were here a mile or two to the westward of Lieuten&nt llopmie^s 
 bunting-station, and the wall whicli he had built round his t6nts^ 
 
 J 
 
 
 W' 
 •i'' 
 
 K-^ 
 % 
 
 
 ) '"ii 
 
 ^'1 
 
 i\ 
 
 V 
 
 1 'ftt 
 
 .mi0>mm 
 
 ^'^''*'«*t^^Si*..i«^«^S^ 
 
\6¥^/ '^tf^v'-^f^'- ^ 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 f'\ 
 
 #|#t'iiMtfi^ttlKi»i|e 'm Dm middk of it, irat vlsiWe from t)M«)k»|. 
 '^ih£ ^ypfmt we obtained here contisted of i few king-dmelt, 
 lOiiie of the young of which were also procuredr^ > « ^ .^ 
 ' iriieli^W which fell in the night was^ in the morning of the Sd, 
 »wlti#^«d hy a thielifog» which continued during the day, prevent- 
 iO{^ our seeiBg the state of the ice to the westward. I, therefore, 
 d^patched Mr. Primer in a boat to the point, for the purpose of 
 «lo<ltai^iQg whether it was stin close there. On his return in an 
 hrur, Mr. Palmer reported that np alteration had taken place sineo 
 tile preceding day^ there not being sulScient room for the smalleit 
 boat to pasii between the ice and the point, close tn which he foun^i 
 n dejpib of nine fathoms. At night the wind got round to W.N.W'» 
 fWdii^NBrwards to nori^ whieh made th<> weather clear, and gave 
 ui l«»pei of the ice drifting off the land. -*«^ , ■. 
 
 At one A.M. on the 4& Ibe loose ice was observed to be drift- 
 ing Hi upon us, the Itind having veered to the eastward of norlbi 
 1^ «oon after a floe, of not less than five miles in length, and 9i 
 aiile and a half across, was found to be approaching the shore at 
 a quick rate. The shi|»8 were immediately hauled as near the 
 abbre as possible, and pitpttration m^de for uufhipping the rudders, 
 }i<nece<rsarv. Thefloe was brought up, however, by the maesca of 
 tee aground outside of us, with which it successively came in con- 
 tain and the ships remained in perfect security; the floe, as usi^d 
 after the first violence is over, moved off again to a litUe dtstaofte 
 from the shore. The meridian altitude of the sun gave the latitude 
 of this station H* 36' 06", and the longitude by the chronometers 
 
 was 111" 16' 39". ■ /■ 
 
 At noon the heavy floe at the point near u» began to qurt the 
 land, and at balf^past one P.M., there being a narrow passage be^ 
 tween them, the breadth of which the breeze was constantly In- 
 creasing, we caM off and stretched to the westward. The channel 
 itbich opened to us as we proceeded, varied in its general breadth 
 from one to two miles; in some places it was not more than halt 
 a mile. The soundings were very regular, and sufficiently deep 
 close to the shore; in one place we found twenty-three fathom^ fl* 
 dne hundred yards from the beach, in another fourteen at sixty 
 or seventy yards. At seven P.M., we passed the place whfue we 
 had been detained so Ipiig during the preceding $eptemberit pnd 
 wiieie Mr. Fife and his party had been lost. We here seemed to 
 be iunong our old acquaintance ; and among these, the berg to 
 vluM^ we had bfeen anchored during so many days of anxiety and 
 Ihiitless labour, was easily recognised, as well as the pile of st^a 
 liych had been erected on the hiU above it. The wind was vaff^- 
 ble and squaUy, but we made great progwss aloagthe landed thfi 
 S.W.b.W., and the Griper, by keeping up tolerably wi^ the Hec^ 
 i^ aome measure redeemed her character with us. Having arnvea 
 off Gape Providence at eleven P.M., the wibd became light fnd 
 
m 
 
 ft^ Mfd bp«tl tllittMMilf btt^ond ^ #e»teiliaii«lt fiiKI'ifllll^^of 
 
 witiAt'bf * b^i#ib «kwble^ to lik« |iiiyittiaiii«»r it. ^'Tmwmmf 
 
 pMAt»it i;iili««i It^ifr ia^li««|li tli tilt ttiiH sttdilil 
 
 iftlife^ ft l^i^iid 11^1 ilt«>,liiTiviti«ff^iht ^ «lf Chie «i||il 
 
 Wkiiehj froili €apte lh(«iri(teiic« #6st#i^ja^ itiilgit aUdni^p taemm 
 
 8«i^ having Ao beaish ti^ fth^lriiig «lM^iM|#l«ith ^t ll^^littpdt 
 
 6f ice eali fix thenisdves, 86 as t^^iflWd i^ciiHtf l^^pttpwlflll 
 
 the Ibe8 i^fiiick th« laiid; i^^dk^^dlfttttiiaiiiidfe aillw 
 
 imtiety we i^H 1^ pttth on, «bikPil#|ii«iiiit^6p|l^(iM^ 
 
 #ith aH ivpidit^'llF^e we8t#ahif' 'W#«eitfaH^^ 
 
 the Ice this ^^eiliiott wftltft ttle ll#lttd^#ii bidwiiig ^^iit^t^Mtii^ 
 
 bffthie land, tmd lhi^i«l<)l«r dli^tthr td^iiB^ Uie icertkllf i^ 
 
 fidiArhrtttl^ calill i^ite^ite^ ft^ 
 
 ^ti^ efllKct I i^ver i«ii<6iiiliJei' 16 hi#t^^H4ifi«i#d befef^ €^ %e 
 
 mAdifkrd 8id« of «ilrf <M6ct$oit^^^^^thott|k 
 
 jjifwin a'reftiftitfibte'diei^eto'll^itl^ 
 
 Hota, as a'lCiilitog: |ln>#' bf '^^^i^iMf^^ 
 
 cied bearittg^ of objeeis ititty be>tidicib i^iii llii^ 
 
 the Mft^V^ 1>«iMnttg <^ Citpei #i>iSi%i^to# iild ^^|f^%^^ 
 
 id thii %V«liiig vhHin the two hiilifflidl%<er« 6^li^^ 
 
 |^|82'S8' 1^3 dijlrered only one mite^T^^ 
 
 surveying-bookj and found in the same maHbner» t^,pref f ^|^|| y«|r. 
 We.had this evening occasion to pbserye once npioi^ that tpo^* 
 ness in the horizon to tke southww49.ai)i as J^^ as a S.l^i!W,|eai'- 
 iit^> whick had been noi^ced, from ihis st^tio^ in iki9^ ax^Motp' 
 frequently since that time, during our detention in Winter lAvf" 
 bour, as bearing a great resemblance to the loom of land in i^at 
 
 guarter. We yrtnt the more inclined to the belief that ttiere was 
 und at no very great distance to the southward, iTrom the Cfihvic- 
 tion that there muj^t be something w^ich jn^vented the ice being 
 drifted off the shore of Melville island in this place more than five 
 or six milesr with any dijrectiQn or 'fojrce of wind. 
 
 There was a very light air on the morning of the 5th, which 
 died away an hour before noon, when the opportunity was taken 
 to bring up some water from the depth of one hundred and five 
 fsUi^oms. Its temperature on coming to the surface was '^2% tlutt 
 of the surface water being 3H% and of the air 34*. The deptb^^ 
 water here was two hundred and twenty-five fathoms, on a bottom 
 of dark brown clay^ at the distance of four miles from the land; 
 the latitude observed being 74' 21' 49" and thjc longitude by cl)tro- 
 ^omctcrsll2'4a' J8". 
 
 At one P.M*,. the weather continuing quite calm, and being de- 
 
 l^^iH^^m^&i^ 
 
 ■*sv^i!*S^.„ 
 
 *atw8ji^y^3ijijj^ 
 
.\l'1J 
 
 <«^ 
 
 t 
 
 am 
 
 i^fmsof*3l9t^mts ^ ioe i9-tliore, tfaii^iw miglitbe ready for 
 ^lii»i» ;«>Q»iBg^^^^ ahlp. iicconvamed by Captai* 
 
 ^bine «p4MnJ^(lirard»»aM landed 11^^ the numerous 
 
 ii»ep^ 1^ livit^^ wkb w^ whole of thia part of thte 
 
 lalf^ia indented. AU the ico wWch waa here fi*ed to thegrolui# 
 iViilit^l}]iiip<m the beach, with very deep wntet^loae alongaldo 
 <x| ft^vKQ^nonc^of the loaaaea^^^^p^ to • aoflicient diatanceirom 
 Ite^^orv, to affittrd ihe iaiwilteat ahelier «o the ahipa in case of acd» 
 dipf> We aaw several white hares hers^ and on this and man^ 
 m^M^^c^casicrns foiind them frequent the aides of the high 
 b^P^ifPwch^nwetthe souths m^^^ tliere is uiually a i^entiMil 
 
 VM^tktn^rdiemioiM ttpon. We were ascending the hill, 
 wW^m^piHul by trigonoojuifric^ measuremeiit to be eight hua^ 
 dl^^^Tly-stiren fo^/aboye4^^^ and on which 
 
 ]^#PMI»ll'|^0^ |««iduetl^ cUy iron-stbnei 
 
 ^»^M^aor^n§ op fn^ up the Gri> 
 
 ]^wJlii^^|»adtbeai| left several miles astern^ We only stopped; 
 t^^Oi^|0(4ltainobseriirfitions for the longitude andthe variation 
 <^^%inagiietic ne^e ; diJ^^^&rna^r o^ 112* 53' 32*'; and 
 
 l^^m^,S6f' M'^^^steriy, a9d then immediately returned on 
 hpiia#'^.^ade alt sail to the westwards After ctunning for two 
 ho^ Wt^iottt obstfuclioii, we w«re once moi« mortified in per^ 
 «f *?»^^«^fth^ icer. in veiy ex«Misi ve and unusually heavy ito^; 
 cliieditt witlttfie Umd a liidf to the^^^^^^^^ Hay, awl 
 
 owfihwoel of cle^, water between the ice and the hmd gradually 
 (bfllinuhedin breadth till at length it became necessary to tidce in 
 the studd^g sads, and to haol to the wind, tolook aboutus. I 
 i^i«ied^ly,left the ship^ isnd went in a boat toezamine the ground- 
 ed Ke0F a smiOl point of land^ such as always occ^tfs on this coast 
 at^c oud*l of ^ch ravine. I found that thir point dfered the 
 onljr poMihte sheHaer which ieould be obtained, ih case of the ice 
 cm^iiil^ iV^erefoie^^Jstermined to take the Hecla in-shore 
 ita(l*^jiiat*fy, and to^pict^)^ th^ best birth which rirniimstanccs 
 woiddadmiti As I was reiurnihg on boani with Lhid indention I 
 fpund that the ice was already rapidly approaching the shore ; no 
 
 ttine was to be lost, therefore, in getting the Hecla to her intendiid 
 station, which w^eEfected by hMf-past *ight P.»Li bifing in nine 
 to wven^fethoms water, at the distance c^twtniy yards ^m th«r 
 be^b) whicl^ was lined aU round the point with very heavy masses 
 of ice^.thathad bceu forsfed by some tremefedbus pressure into the 
 mmr Qdr»ituatioht^ a dangerous oile^ having no shefter 
 tro«at«c<ftiling Aomthe westward^ the whote <##hich^ belhg^Si 
 
 tahtfKim us less than half a mile, was composed of toes irifiSt% 
 
 '***^ mf^'^i??** ^y ^* **■** *^"*®"***«*'«^^^^^^^ with diiHhg the voy- 
 ¥**• ?** Gnjjer was three or fotir miles astern of us at the tiine 
 Jf^ *** began to close, and I therefore directed Uetitet^t Lidddh 
 °y Ojl«wi to secure his ship iot»e best manner he cotaAd, withoul 
 
 ■■"- - ' - -"-If- ■t'»ij:(»»fiWt ii<mj'^yi<i<Li;j^iiji 
 
 ''■l^i^&^'i^ 
 
attemptinff to join the Hecla ; he accordingly made her faeft itjt 
 eleven P.M., near a point like that at which we were lying, and two 
 or three miles to the eastward. 
 
 At the time of making the Hecla fast, a current was setting to 
 the westward, at the rate of a mile and a half an hour, with a strong 
 eddy running into the bight where we lay ; at ten P.M. it took a 
 sudden turn, all the loose ice near us running past the ship out of 
 the bight, and the floes outside beginning to set to the eastward, 
 and towards the land withal. We> therefore, hauled the ship still 
 more into the bight formed by the point, getting her into four fa- 
 thoms abaft and sis forward, and abreast a part of the beach wher^ 
 there was not quite so much heavy ice within us, to endanger the 
 ship being crushed* This was done from a belief that, if the floea 
 oame in, the ship must inevitably be **■ nipped," and in this case it 
 was better to be lying in six fathoms than nme } besides, the masses 
 of ice now inside of us, not being so ^.arge as the rest, might possi« 
 bly be forced up on the shore before the ship, instead of offering so 
 great a resistance as to expose her to all the force of the squeeze. 
 On the whole of this steep coast, wherever we approached thf 
 shore, we found a thick stratum of blue and solid ice, firmly em- 
 bedded in the beach, at the depth of from six to ten feet under the 
 surface of the water. This ice has probably been the lower part 
 of heavy masses forced aground 1^ the pressure of the floes from 
 without, and still adhering to the viscous mud of which the beach 
 is eomposedi after the upper part has, in course of time, dissolved. 
 Captun Sabine suggested, that the under-ground ice found in cold 
 oi^untries* and to which I have before alluded, might thus have 
 b^en deposited. 'I1ie land gains upon the sea, as it is called, in 
 process of time, as it has certunly done here, from the situation in 
 which we found drift-wood and the skeletons of whales ; the ice 
 which fixes itself upon the beach is annually covered over in part 
 by alluvial deposit, and thus maty a connected stratum of it be bu« 
 ried for ages several feet below the surface of the earth. From, 
 the tops of the hills in this part of Melville Island a continuous line 
 •f this sub-miirine ice could be distinctly traced for miles along the 
 coast. 
 
 In running along the shore this evening, we had noticed near the 
 sea what at a distance had every appearance of a high wall artifi- 
 cially built, and which was the resort of numerous birds. Cap- 
 tain Sabine, being desirous to examine it, as well as to procure 
 some specimens of the birds, set out, as soon as we anchored, for 
 that purpose, accompanied by his servant and Sergeant Martin. 
 The wall proved to be composed of sand-stone in horizontal strata 
 from twenty to thirty feet in height, which had been left standing, 
 so as to exhibit its present artificial appearance, by the deeomposi- 
 tion of the rock and earth about it. Large flocks of glaucous gulls 
 had chosen this at a secure retreat from the foxes, and every other 
 
 Cc 
 
 tiJ^^^iMse£^^^ii 
 
 .^«&>... '*artiii 
 
S02 
 
 
 m 
 
 enemy but mill ; and when our people first went into the ravine in 
 which it stands, they were so fierce in defence of their young, that 
 it was scarcely safe to approach them till • few shots had been 
 fired. 
 
 On the 6th, beside* m number of sulls, Captain Sabine and his par- 
 ty brought with them ten hares* which, togedier with what we had 
 obtained as we came ilong the land, furnished us with a fresh meal 
 fbr the whole creW. Captain Sabine also brought me word from 
 Lieutbiant Liddon that tne Griper was in a situation exactly simi- 
 lar to that of the Hecla, whertf ** nipping" appeared unavoidable if 
 the flo^s shbutd come in. I'he ice remained quiet, however, about 
 the Hecia during the day, even though a strong breeze freshened up 
 from the E.S.E., with continued snow { m circumstance which, 
 while it added to our present security, did not ^ve us very flatter- 
 irt^ hopeii that there tould be any room for the ice to drift to the 
 weHtwaff . In the course of the evening I heard again from the Gri<* 
 Jii^r, Lieutenant Liddon informing me that the floes had once come 
 11^ tb^ards her, so as to lift her two feet but of the water, and then 
 fetired without doing any damage. I acquainted Lieutenant Lid- 
 don wijh the similarity of our situation to his, and desired him not 
 to join us at presefit, eVen shbuld the ice open sufficiiently to allow 
 him to do so ; for there was not room for the two ships where the 
 Hecla was lying, and the chanees of saving one of them Arom the 
 catastrophe we had reisOn to apprehend, were greater trf their 
 being separate. At eleven P.M. « narrow lane of water opened 
 near the Griper, extending ilbout three miles to the S.S.W. ; near 
 us it had also slackened « little about midnight, but it would have 
 been difficult to find a ^hote*' of water in wniieh a boat could have 
 floated, more than three hundred vards beyond the ship. 
 ~^ On the morning of the fth, a black whale (Bakma Mtf9ticetui)i 
 clnone op close tb the Hecla, being the first we had seen since the 
 32d of August th<B^|>receding year, about the longitude of 9l|* W.; 
 it therefore acquired aihotlg us the distinctive appellation of «A« 
 whafie. Since leaving Wihter Harbour, we had aba, on two or 
 tht^e occasions, seen a solitary seal. The whud continued fresh 
 from the east and E.N.E. in the morning, and the loose ice came 
 close in upon us, but this main body remained stationary at the ^s- 
 tancb*' of nearly half a mile. Considering that it might be of ser- 
 vice to know the state tif the ice further to' the south and west than 
 the vt^W from the Uecla's mait'^head wOutd'affoW^S) I despatched 
 Lilbutf^it Beechey with one of the marines', albng the top 9f the 
 hifih to the westward, for that purjSose. At t#ii P. M ., he returned 
 with a fawn, which 4|av^ us thirtyi^eight pounds of venison, and 
 with the information of hkvlitff discbvlered land from W.S.W^ to 
 S;S.W. at a great distance, and the loom of it also extending as far 
 rbund to the eastward as a S.E. bearing.' Lieutenant Beechey con- 
 side^td the general dlistahto of the Ilihd to be from forty to fifty 
 
 '^ ]'" "mk 'iiiMpit K> iitiii 
 
 ^^'^'^^mmHt^mm--^'^ 
 
203 
 
 miles, the netreit being about a S.S.W. bearing, iN thtet capes 
 could be plainly distinguished with a- glass. The report^ of the 
 state of the ice waa by no means favourable to our hopes, the S(ea 
 being covered with floea as far as the eye could reach,, and the 
 space between them so filled with broken iccf or the floes so close» ; 
 ly joined, that scarcely a ** hole*' of water was to be seen. 
 
 In the afternoon, a man from each mess was sent on shore ta > 
 pick sorrel, which was here remarkably fine and large, as well aa 
 more acid than any w« had lately met with. The shelter from the 
 northerly winds, anonied by the high land on this part of the coast, 
 together with its southern aspect, renders the vegetation here iifi- .^ 
 mediately next the sea much more luxuriant than in most parts of 
 Melville Island which we visited ; and a considerable addition was 
 made to our collection of plants. 
 ihThe easterly breeze died away in the course of the day* and at 
 three P.M.* was succeeded by a light air from the oppoute quar- ; 
 ter ; and as this freshened up a little, the loose ice began to drift 
 into our bight, and that on the eastern side of the point to drive, 
 off*. - It became expedient, therefore^ immediately to shift the ship 
 round the point, where she was made fast in four fathoms abaft, 
 and seventeen feet forward, close alongside the usual ledge of sub- 
 marine ice, which touched her about seven feet under water, and 
 which, having few of the heavy masses aground upon it,, would, 
 probably, have allowed her to be pushed over it, 1 id a heavy pres- ., 
 sure occurred from without. It was the more necessary to moqr; -; 
 the ship in some such situation, as we found from six to seven fa- 
 thoms' water, by dropping the hand-lead down close to her bo^^, 
 and quarter on the outer side. ,,. 
 
 We had scarcely secured the ship, when the wind once more 
 shifted to the eastward, and the loose ice almost immediately be- 
 gan to move back in the opposite direction. The wind being, how;- 
 ever, rather off the land than otherwise, I preferred remaining in, 
 our present situation, on accotmtW the safer beach which we. 
 found here ; and as there was, in other respects, little or no choice 
 betwixt the two places, unless the wind came more on the land. 
 At half-past ten P.M., the loose ice began to fill up the small space 
 which had hitherto beea clear about the ship, although the wind 
 was at N.E., which is more off the land than we had before expe-^ 
 rienced it. Several h^vy pieces of floes drove close past us, not 
 less than ten or fifteen feet in thickness, but they were fortunately, , 
 stopped by the p^nt of land without coming in upon us. At 
 eleven o'clock, however, a mass of this kind, being about half an 
 acre in extent, drove in, and gave the ship a considerable " nip" 
 between it and the land-ice, and then grazed past her to the west- 
 ward. I now directed the rudder to be unhung, and the ship to 
 be swung with her head to the eastward, so that the bow, being 
 the strongest part, might receive the first and heay|ea| pjtiessure. < * 
 
 \i 
 
 y 
 
 
 > 
 
 •fe- 
 
/• 
 
 \ 
 
 .1 vV*. 
 
 'fiy 
 
 ¥ : 
 
 7 
 
 2d4 
 
 llie ice did aot disturb ut asain till live A.M. on the 8th, when 
 another floe-piec« came in, and gave the ship a heavy rub, and 
 then went past» after which it continued alack about us for several 
 hours. Every thing was so quiet at nine o'clock, as to induce me 
 to venture up the hill abreast of us, in order to have a view of the 
 newly-discovered Irnd to the south-west, which, indeed, I had 
 aeen indistinctly and much refracted from the Hecb'e deck in the 
 morning. The weather being rather unfavourable, I had not so 
 clear a view as Lieutenant Bcechey, but I distinctly saw high and 
 bold land from S. 75* W. to 30* W., the part most plainly visible> 
 and appearing the nearest, being at a S. 55* W. bearing. Tha 
 genenu distance of this land, I considered to be somewhat greater 
 than that at which Lieutenant Beechcy had estimated it, and it is 
 placed on the chart at from siztera to eighteen leagues from the 
 station at which the ships were lying. 'Iliis land, which extendi 
 beyond the 117th de^ee of west longit«v:!«, and is the most wes- 
 tern yet discovered m the Polar Sea, \i> the northward of the 
 American Continent, was honoured with the name of Banks's 
 Land, out of respect to the late venerable and worthy President 
 of the Royal Society, whose long life was actively engaged in the 
 encouragement and promotion of discovery and general science. 
 
 The loom of land was frequently seen as far as a south-east 
 bearing from the present station of the ships, which corresponds 
 with the appearances often observed during our stay in Winter 
 Harbour ; as I have scarcely a doubt, therefore, that this forms m 
 continuation of Banks's Land, which is, in all probability, another 
 island of the North Georgian group, 1 have marked it on the chart 
 by an unshaded line as far as tlie above bearing. 
 
 From the top of the hill, not a ** hole" could be seen in the ice 
 in any direction ; the wind beinjpp ^extremely variable during the 
 day, kept us in a constant state of anxiety, lest the ice should come 
 in, but It gave us no disturbance. A few hares were brought in 
 by our sportsmen, and a dovekey was seen, being the first for this 
 season. 
 
 On the morning of the 9th, a musk-ox came down to graze on 
 the beach, near the ships. A party was despatched in pursuit, and 
 having hemmrd him in under the hill, which was too steep for him 
 to ascend, succeeded in killing him. When first brought on board, 
 the inside of this animal, which was a male, smelt very strongly 
 of musk, of which the whole of the meat also tasted, more or less, 
 and especially the heart. It furnished us with four hundred and 
 tWentyiM>ne pounds of beef, which was served to the crews as 
 usual, in lieu of their salt provisions, t^d was very much relished 
 by us, notwithstanding the peculiarity of its flavour*. The meat 
 
 * 8om« pieeetaTlhii mt-at, which we brought to England, were (band to have apquirtd 
 S maeh more diaagreeHble flavour tbao when first killed, thoo^ tiiej hM not aader|on« 
 ptttreftcUfla in the stighleitdc(re«. 
 
 m 
 
ao5 
 
 was remarkably fat, and, aa it hung up in quartefi, looked at fine 
 at any beef in an English market. A small seal, (PAoca Vituiina\ 
 killed by the Griper's people, was also eaten by them ; and it 
 waa generally allowed to be very tender and pidauble, though 
 not very sightly in its fappearance, being of a disagreeable red 
 colour. 
 
 In the morning-watch, a breeze sprung up from the westward, 
 which we were always ready to welcome, having found that it in- 
 variably served to open the ice, while aa eaaterly wind as con- 
 auntly made it closer. This waa» however, of short duration, 
 being succeeeded soon after noon by a light air from the south- 
 east, which brought all the loose ice into our bight. At half-past 
 three P.M., a lar|;e piece of a very heavy floe came close to us, 
 and would have given us a «* nip*' against the shore, had we not 
 avoided it by heaving the ship a few yards a-head in good time. • 
 It was then brought up by the point of land, and remained quietly 
 half a cable's length astern of us, there not being room for it to 
 drift farther to the westward between the point and an enormous 
 floe which blocked up the passage to the southward and westward. 
 
 At ten P.M., the whole body of ice which was then a quarter of 
 a mile from us, was found to be drifting in upon the land, and the 
 ship was warped back a little way to me westward, towards that 
 
 Eart of the shore, which was most favourable for allowing her to 
 e forced up on the beach. At eleven o'clock, the piece of a floe, > 
 which came near us in the afternoon, and which had since drifted 
 back a few hundred yards to the eastward, received the pressure 
 of the whole body of ice, as it came in. It split across in various 
 directions, with a considerable crash, and presently after we saw a 
 part, several hundred tons in weight, raised slowly and majesti- 
 cally, as if by the application of a screw, and deposited on another 
 part of the floe from which it had broken, presenting towards us 
 the surface that had split, which was of a fine blue colour, and 
 very solid and tran«parent. The violence with which the ice was 
 coming in being thus broken, it remained quiet during the night, 
 which was calm, with a heavy fall of snow. 
 
 The mass of ice which had been lifted up the preceding day, 
 being drifted close to us on the morning of the 10th, I sent Lieu- 
 tenant Beechey, to measure its thickness, which proved to be forty- 
 two feet ; and, as it was a piece of a regular floe, this measurement 
 may serve to give some idea of the general thickness of the ice in 
 this neighbourhood. There were some however, which were of 
 much larger dimensions; an immense floe which formed the 
 principal, or at least the nearest, obstructibn to the westward, was 
 covered with large hummocks, giving to its upper surface the ap. 
 pearance of hill and dale. 
 
 The thickness of this floe at its nearest edge was six or seven 
 faet above the sea and as about six-sevenths are usually immersed;. 
 
906 
 
 the whole thickucis would appear* in the common way of reckon- 
 ing it, to have been from forty to fifty feet» which correiponde with 
 that actually measured by Lieutenant Bcechey. But the hum- 
 mocks were many of them at leait from fifteen to twenty*fiv« feet 
 above the tea ; so that the solidity and thickness of this enormous 
 fioe must have been infinitely greater than any thing we had seen 
 before. It was the opinion of Lieutenant Beechey, and of Messrs. 
 Allison and Fife, that it very much resembled the ice met with at 
 Spitzbergen ; but, according to the account of the two latter, was 
 much heavier than any which they had seen there : Lieutenant 
 Beechey considered that there was much more snow upon tha 
 surface of the Spitzbergen ice. It is here of some importance tc< 
 notice, that the ** loose ice*' in this neighbourhood was on the same 
 increased scale as the floes, so that the danger to be apprehended 
 from the violent contact of one of these pieces was little less than 
 that from a floe of ordinary size, such as occurs in BaAn*s Bay* 
 This circumstance, also, very materially altered the character of 
 the navigation on that part of the coast, for the loose pieces being 
 most of them of -infinitely greater bulk and weight in the water 
 than either of our «h:ps, the latter could no longer turn them out 
 of their way, as usual, in sailing among ihis kind of ice, but were 
 invariably stopped short in their progress, with a violent concus- 
 sion, which nothing but their extraordinary strength could have 
 enabled them to withstand. 
 
 It now became evident, from the combined experience of this 
 and ihe preceding year, that there was something peculiar about 
 the south-west extremity of Melville Island, which made the icy 
 sea there extremely uniavourable to navigation, and which seem- 
 ed likely to bid defiance to all our efforts to proceed much farther 
 to the westward in this parallel of latitude. We had arrived off it 
 on the 17th of September, 1819, after long and heavy gales from 
 the north-westward, by which alone the ice is ever opened on this 
 coast, and found it, in unusually heavy and extensive fieldsy com- 
 pletely closing in with the land, a mile or two to the eastward of 
 where we were now lying. We again arrived here in the early 
 part of August, and though the rest of the navigation had been 
 remarkably clear for the fifty miles between this and Winter 
 Harbour, seeming to afford a presumptive proof, that the season 
 was rather a favourable one than otherwise, the same obstruction 
 presented itself as before ; nor did there appear, from our late ex- 
 perience, a reasonable ground of hope, that any fortuitous circum- 
 stance, such as an alteration in winds or currents, was likely to 
 remove the formidable impediments which we had now to encoun- 
 ter. The increased dimensions of the ice hereabouts would not 
 alone have created an insurmountable difficulty in the navigation, 
 but that it was very naturally accompanied* by a degree of close- 
 ness wlu(;h seldom or never admitted an open^space of clear watjDf 
 
207 
 
 of sufficient tiae for » ihip, or even a boat, to liil in. We had 
 been lying near our preient station with an easterly wind blowing 
 fresh for thirty-six hours together ; and although this was consi- 
 derably oflT the land, beyond the western point of the island now 
 in sight, the ice had not, during the whole of that time, moved a 
 single yard from the shore { affording a proof that there was no 
 space in which the ice was at liberty to move to the westward^ 
 and offering a single and a striking exception to our former ex- 
 pcrience. 
 
 . Under these circumstances, I began to consider whether it would 
 not be advisable, whenever the ice would allow us to move, to sacrifice 
 • few miles of the westing we had already made, and to run along 
 the margin of the floes, in order to endeavour to find an opening 
 leading to the southward, by taking advantage of which we might 
 be enabled to prosecute the voyage to the westward in a lower lati- 
 tude. I was the more inclined to make this attempt, from its having 
 long become evident to us, that the navigation of this part of the Po- 
 lar Sea is onlv to be performed by watching the occasional openings 
 between the ice and the shore ; and that, therefore, a continuity of 
 land is essential* if not absolutely necessary, for this purpose. Suck 
 a continuity of land, which was here about to fail us* must neces- 
 sarily be furnished by the northern coast of America, in what- 
 soever latitude it may be found ; and, as a large portion of our 
 short season had already been occupied in fruitless attempts to 
 penetrate further to the westward in our present parallel, under cir- 
 cumstances of more than ordinary risk to the ships, I determined* 
 whenever the ice should open sufficiently, to put into exeeiltion the 
 plan I had proposed. 
 
 The westerly wind cleared us by slow degrees of the loose 
 masses of ice about the ship, and in the afternoon the main body 
 igL went off" about three hundred yards, drifting also a little to the 
 ^^ eastward. It may alv/ays be expected, in icy seas, that a breeze 
 of wind, however light, will set the ice in motion, if there be any 
 room for it to move ; in such cases, the smaller pieces of course 
 beffin to drift the first, and the heavier ones soon follow, though at 
 a slower rate : among loose ice, therefore, almost every separate 
 piece is seen to move with a different velocity, proportioned to its 
 depth under water. 
 
 Having gone on shore in the evening to make some observations 
 for ihe variation, I afterwards ascended the hill, in order to take a 
 view of the state of the ice in the offing. The breeze had now 
 begun to open several ** holes," particularly in the vest and south. 
 east quarters ; it was most loose in the latter direction, except 
 close along the land to the eastward, where a ship might possibly 
 have been got, had this been our immediate object. The ice, 
 however, looked just aff promising to the westward as in any other 
 quarter, and I found, before I returned on board, that it continued 
 
 0— "S^-w « ^ » *■""• * t 
 
308 
 
 I 
 
 to drift to the eastward, and to leave more and more space of dear 
 water in the required direction. I, therefore, communicated to 
 Lieutenant Liddon my intention of pushing on to the westward 
 the instant the sea became clear enough for the ships to make any 
 progress with a beating wind ; but, in the event of railing to do sc% 
 that I should next try what could be done by attempting a passage 
 considerably to the southwardjgf our present paralleK 
 
 At seven P.M., we shipped nie rudd<si'» and crosKd the top* 
 gallant yards, in readiness for moving; and I then again ascended 
 the hill, and walked a mile to the westward^ along ue brow of i^ 
 that not a moment might be lost, after the ice to the westwar4 
 should give Us the sligphtest hope of making any pro^^ress by get- 
 ting under-way. Almough the holes had certainly mcreased in 
 size and extent, there was still not sufficieiu room even for one 
 of our boats to have worked to windward { and the impossibUity 
 of the ships' doing so was rendered more apparent, on account oC 
 the current which, as I have befmfe had occasion to remark, is air 
 ways produced in tiiese seas, soon after the springing op of a breeze,* 
 and wiiich was now running lo the eastward, at the rate of at least 
 one mile per hoiir. It was evident* that any attempt to g^ the ships 
 to the westward must, under circumstances sounravowrrt^be atr 
 tended with the certain consequence of their being drifted l^ con* 
 trary way; and nothing could, theftfore, be done but still to watch, 
 which we did most anxiously, every alteratimi in the state of the 
 ice. The wind, however., decreasing as the night came on, served 
 to dimiiush the hopes with which we had flattered ourselves of 
 being speedily extricated from oilr present confined and dangerous 
 situation. At half-past ten P.M., Lieutenant.Beechey, at my ra- 
 quea^, aiscended dlie hill; andy'on his: return at eleven Vdock^ re- 
 ported that, «« the ice was slack from W.UK. to :W.S. W.» but thati 
 without a leading wind, it did not appear dutt a ship coidd make 
 any way among it*'* 
 
 .Atone A.M., on the llth^ I despatched Mr. Ross to the top oC 
 ihe hUl, from whence he observed, that ^ tl^ie ice had slackened 
 considerably firom W.b.S. to south, but was still too dose forji 
 ship to work amony it.", At this time the wind was dying away 
 gradually; and, at four A.M., when Mr. Ross again; ascended the 
 hill, it had fallen quite cdm. The ice immediately ceasedto.drifttfi^ 
 the eastward, and at half past five, a light breeze springing up from 
 the south-east, caused it.at once to return in the opposite direction. 
 Being desirous, if possible, to take advantage of this breeze. Lieu- 
 tenant Beechey and myself again went on shore, in order to form 
 a judgment whether there was room for the ships to sail among 
 tile ice, shpuld it appear otherwise expedient to get them under- 
 way. We agrcfd that it was by no means practicable with th# 
 present light wind, which would scarcely have given them steerage 
 way, even in a dear and unincumbered sea, ^d much lesf, there- 
 
 f.-^Wf^r^v^^B* 
 
-^-- 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ■§ftn^ <;ould \ant cwibled ihtm tp fdrea their trajp HHfai^ At 
 i|i|llimt^i<|c8t M»y]Mtotfa8«« which Uy in our wajr to the «ra|iif»rd. 
 {^ «:|(iif^, lnliMr4i.1dMt Ihe iie« aboot im tdll continue, thai Ifk inia 
 Jieceauny to M^ Hie tifi^ •nee ncne touwl to the west vfM^ of 
 1^^ fMut i9r iMMr^ uqlr« her from that which the change of #l|4 
 t«» <r«iii« 4«>^Jilliig^ti|t M( iA mat ahaudmiM, an4 at the »^ 
 cfjt^n mititit^^hOiir. Ul «flh>ar alUte w« had elTiicted thft, 
 I had reason t0 m$$mt^ With the detenllMtion to which I had 
 co#e, <|f fioe getl|g|»'llie,:abi|lA uMec^ir^* lor time w»a lileraUy 
 l^il^ «*^^^<tA^Wrfisa|>b:^ Dub ii»aH^iead» in 
 ^^ a^1^V<Mild j^ IKoatld, ^(ce|if iiamediaiely tbi^ fie 
 !ee of the oi^liii Hfheiks we were I«aftg» and irithin one hM£d 
 yfpiii ^'we^lh%f: '- \, 
 
 ^'tiil^ ilMIM^IlM^ tiMiQik vas 74* W $5'\ the 
 
 ptud^' % ehlW|ikbi«cief^ l is* 43' oi'\ md the variadon of the 
 iii^\w0mi t^^^ W taMMAy, mA 4f thcM beini the 
 <)^ jorehd^ ohaervik^iCioa tf^tn on difleimt daya. Thoe was 
 i|i<M^ <^^M^ <^ l^^^«^ <»C '>^»» Ptot of the iaUmd 
 <m|tiit^ii#i t^ose whic»:had4ie«t-foaM d9eii^»k erceptthan the 
 SHS^JS2S2?^W grand;attdi»ife^(M& 
 
 £!•!? NforejwnMfirhei^ *aa l^iiAd, mi 4)|ae lUitauce^to cm# 
 «|«jl>| hun4red^tlftii6veiil|e fevel of Ute ie«^j^ ihe ht£, imnie^ 
 J^lely at^^J^^ 4C«p«, at^ d|MatM:e<jtJrnitfe or ten nulea, m- 
 yeiiy^ tolb»%|e«i^llmci Qr^ohAiadfe^lfeethSg^ ao ««te.% 
 #tt<i»)»e |j«ii||h? of Miei^ltte isiandt asfgr m wihidaini>»^6^<UMtty 
 ^»%i^^a7,;fK»*li«?rbe feirly estimated atabout ou^ iMt* 
 «tti«rDB^ TherdlfeiaejMia!8iedeqdi%4|aanditotteinh«cf«tel 
 ]^ dji^ anil 0f «i^, im^mi^ed oet^a^ionilly wi^ Ibd^ed 
 %aH)iig1i^reaiii there i sort o^ vegetaahie inbuld. ooiSbh 
 ^^dtNr liM^lliS and 41 feWtufta tif ire^ 
 
 %r dMT ;hares, and oAer miudi wl^'aie 
 i^«ltertfd tii0 warm attua^ms afiilNled hj 
 
 fisr aoiile hours in the moniii%,,hut 
 
 ^'^Jit^^j^^ tl^Sj^aHIi^eVlSL^hSS 
 ^e a^dir^ thai jit >d di^ ao, while ^e had heenJ^klgTS 
 this «ia»<»a; Ik cireuot^tance which we #ere the more incUiied to 
 QO^^e, at the <^terhr windb had hitherte been more famt and l«»a 
 fteq^ent than those froto the weatWard. In this respect, therefiriie, 
 «re £dhildered ourselvea unfortunate, as experience had airea# 
 ahewn ua^ that nohe but a wes^tcrly wind ever produced upon #E 
 <lacst, or, indeed, on the southern coa«t of any of the North Gcbr- 
 ^mi Islands, the desired e&ct of clearing the shores of ice. 
 ^Akt i^ike P.M4, l*ieuteflaift Beeehey ctfUld discover fioift the top 
 
 l>d ^ 
 
W\ 
 
 ^' 1 
 
 M 
 
 
 id 
 
 1 
 
 
 ' m 
 
 ^^^H^ya 
 
 Kp- 
 
 W t 
 
 *q(. llif |»itt no ^ear wat^ in aiiy directioa. ' JifUr ten oVi 
 Wind blew much bai^er^wlilcH obliged us 4 «trike'^et^.M^ 
 yardsi and to biiic« the yafds to the' wind ; the ice had by this time 
 <c9«i^ moving to tlM westward. Having, ajp^aif^tlyy as before^ 
 ItachedJtt nt phis tr'Artf in'that dlrettion. The etectrometer wife 
 - tiried in the course of the evuiing, ii> the unial ibaniier;^the ily 
 bein^^ fuU of hard dense cloudU and the widd bU>wing strong; bt^t 
 no sensible cffGtct was produced uptin'the ^d leaf. \ ' 
 
 I^.^The gale continiied strong during the night, and the 'icp Wtte 
 «(|iationary. Not a pool of clear water could be ^en in' any £raed- 
 tlbn* except Just under the lee of our point, where there ra^^a 
 «pace large enougll to contain half a. dozen sail' of ships, ttll itiout 
 noon, on the 12th, when the whole closed in ujwn us wj^tlti^y 
 appohent cause, n^^tf/i that the Wind lill<^1n' itir^lar puVs a^t 
 that time, and at one P.M. it wa!s 8tong||tide; The shi]^ wicf pTabei 
 in the most advantageous manner for taking the^beacK^ #ifitib 
 the shelf of submarine ice, and the rudder ag^in* unshl^d'ltfd 
 Iniikg across the stem. The ice whH;h calihe in contact €>lli'''^lfe 
 fh'ip's side consisted of very heavy loose^ pieces, 'drawih|; twelte 
 niariburtecn feet water, which, howevier: wcf comideWd' aa iodd 
 ««ietideri/' comparatively with the enormous ieldB#h^«^ cbi^i^ 
 Ifae sea just without them. So much, indeed, dp wej|ud|e ilt iHl 
 thnea hy comparison, that this Icind of fee, which in Davis* S^firUt 
 we should, not like to have had so near u», waa noW coiiiiidertedt^^ 
 Ihfinite service, when interposed between th<( tlhhp^ahd tll» t^lnr 
 fliifea. Every thing retnained quiet for the ycat onhe day, withd^ 
 prtJducing any pressore of conseqiiience ; the wiiid ^iilerri^i^'% 
 N;b*£. at nlgttiL but without moving the ice off th^ land. ' ' ''>"^ 
 Early in the Hn^nilifr of the 1 Sth' I re<^t«ed, by Mi'. D^^^li^^ a 
 
 SMl the Griper was lying, by which meanTahe Waalbrec^d agkiiilt 
 le Submarine ice, and her stern lifted two jfeet out of ^ ifAit^ 
 Thia pressure. Lieutenant Liddon remarked, ^ad given herf'^it 
 Wl^icfa made her crack a good deal^^lifut aoj^retilly WltM>iitmsf^ 
 ing any material injury in her hiil( thougn the ice 1ini» 4f!l| gown- 
 ing upon her when Mr. Griffiths came 'awf«y. She hid «IWt 
 heeled inwards,- but on being lifted higher, fell o^^r tofl^iidi Ote 
 deep water. Under these circumstances; Lieutenant LiddOh^ liad 
 very properly landed all the journals and other documenii bf im- 
 portance, and made evei^ arrangement in his power for iivil^ 
 Ihe prbvisions and stores, m case of shipwreck, whieh he had^fiOW 
 every reason to anticipate. Convinced as I was that nb ftfiliiatif ttt 
 or power could, in our present situation, prevent such :« cataatit^^, 
 whenever the pressure of the ice became sufficient, I waa maik 
 than ever satisfied with the determination to which f hadlsriEWl^^lSfy- 
 come, of keeping the ships ajtart, during the continuance of these 
 
«u 
 
 untoward circumfMiyett in osder tOsincreaM the chcocii inltiMiiiif 
 oiwi>o£ them frow incidents of this nature. 1^ there|ore» l||iip^( 
 it right merely to dii^t Lieutenant Liddon'a. attention t(ft..t^«^J|%(| 
 capaityof aavin9;theprovi(|i«Q« and fuel, ini>re(eren4^ ta.any'oQi^ 
 species of storesi and e$t«l>liMied aignaU to be a^ide upoa the pt^afOk 
 <a land which .intervened betweentbe sHipfr ih cMe of any. %kit^ 
 furring. In the mean time, the Hb ranained so qlose ihouK tlHi« 
 Heda,,that the slightest pressure producing in, tt^a:,moiion,tpwjir4a:. 
 the shore, must have placed us in & situation stnMUir to that of t|>e^ 
 Griper ; and our attention was, therefore, diverted to the qspi^ mo- 
 poc^t object of providing, by every means in^ our .power, JGm', the,, 
 security of the larger ship^ as being thci principai depdt of proivi^, 
 , uoita. and other resources. 
 
 At five P.M. Lieutenant Liddon atquainted me by letter, t^iat 
 the Griper had at length righted, the ice having slackened a littUf. 
 a«p4^ her, and. that all the. damage she. appeared to hftvi;.susttM|i^i^ . 
 ed was in her rudder, which was badly split, and would- iriquiri 
 some jiours^ labour to repair it, whenever the ic<a shoulds aUow l)|m 
 tOifet it on -shore* He also stated that, from the partieu|iir sitna- 
 tionrinto which $he. Griper had been forced, and.of the iMipe^.Qf 
 ic^ immediately i^Oat her, a westerly . wind, though it mig^ ^«h* 
 tually^clear the^hore, woidd in the first place subject her .to <iOO|^t 
 squeeze like diat firoicn which she had just been so opnortunily 1^11^ 
 l^aaed* Lieutfe^ant 9eechey observed from Che hill, in tbe.^twnM^ 
 oCthe day, that the .ice was so compact as. not. to leave an openjyQ|l| , 
 in any direption^nd that it was set so close againat the shoff^, tMH^/ 
 no^ikkff could have passed between them. « Itliad i9ov«4 0$ a $9mj, 
 yards from the HeclaTfor two or three hours^ and ^n t]he.«t<!i|i«i|r 
 dgiaed again, so as to press her firmly againtft the la&d,' tbati|^ 
 wit1»aat any material strain. This pressure arose principally .?i!pj|||| 
 th«^ «ppfoach of the large block of ice wHteh ,1 jhave decribed:«pib 
 hau^M^.been raised up on the 9th, anll>which^ having been fre<|u«n|>| . 
 ly ^Mled bafliwiu^s and forwards past the ship since, that. t^Ci^^ 
 hadoil^^ote stationed itself rather nearer to, us than we ,could> 
 ha^^wished* I may here remaric that this mass, of which we knew 
 the dimennons by actual meMuvement, served, when . drin^in^^. 
 aramig. die heavy toea^ in the ofl^^ as a standard of .comp^itcisop^ 
 by^whlcK.the height of the latter al^ve the sea, and ;then^^^e|r,^ 
 whole IhiUe,- could be estimated wi^ttplerabb accuracy; an^ iV.^^f 
 prng^tipaUyin thia maimer that a. jutlgment was formed of ihofll, 
 eQonttoua Aekia with which, this, paft of the sea was incambere<i»;, 
 There :W«a«>* vary light atrfron^c ^ nuthward ai^d e9stwafd^l9Kt 
 the^greaier part of the eveningm^ &g on^e on as ^ al»i«^^ , 
 pbeire cooled at night. , ! .w , 
 
 Soon after niidnight the ice pvtssad closer in upon the I|e<:la^|^x 
 beM% i^vjng her. a heel of eighteen inches towards the shoKe/liiii 
 yiJi > ftt e|ipe»iitty-to strain Mr mthe slight^ d|gree. libst of 
 
 •1 
 
 '% 
 
 
 ■j'|s.^^**^»;^^'"'i^ 
 
m 
 
 tile 
 
 bill 
 
 lowei«4 doira* and iicf 
 
 Id upfMitUd 
 
 If.'' . 
 
 f w- 
 
 i^ 
 
 bewrh^ to prevent thtir being daaiaged, thoold th« ihip 09 fercelf 
 Updo W broidtmfi, «nd the reat wen pitw pbtcied ii^ a atfli^^ 
 
 tiiaiiolN By four P.M. on th^ I4tli, th^^tiiireltad gradiii%#^ 
 owuedt jand the Ibip had only thtve or fbttir infibfi htd| in an Mr 
 aiWr ahe bad {wrfeiptly rigbtcidCiiid the ice rattitttied qniet for ibi 
 rattoTtbe day. A Hidit^aAt^ winrd, #ltb«t»td! abow ittiiii#, 
 oontiniied till ai^ A.M*^ «bfb it died mmmA waa Hooa alter 
 aocNctfadftdri^ a ifeittie «lr ft^ the westwaitL ^ f 
 
 Mr. Fiaber tiied in eiipcrliiieilt on the apiecific gravity of a |iiie 
 oT floe*lt« faben np Iroitt idobgaide the iA#. by^hieb it iip|^«il«d 
 tdba baitl^iinin thftl #c bidbitberto ir«iM|bM^^i^^ 
 net* fiieii^g; fon^ed into a cube, whoae aidfei Ittiailirid km iitt 
 tiro ^ncheaand aeveb-teiifbat and placed ««ioat in the t«A,«i%<ikK 
 iacb and eight-tenths of ii remained above the attrfoee. The teift- 
 yafature of the aek-water at the time, iraa S4% *ild iia apeeifie ||«ii 
 vity iJOlpS. ^ 
 
 The weather became foj;gy, with small f«iii In the afiietfloolitf 
 Ifefore the fog came on, however, Mr. Rosa observed frtfm Che bill 
 that the aime unvaried aurfoce of impenemrf»le ice; «s beibiis|'pi«^ 
 aentediiacif in every direction ; and a note ftbm Licifliefiittt Lillda 
 ae^ainied me that no alteratidn bad lately taken pli^e in the nei^ 
 bmir )od df the Griper. 
 
 i Every momcbt's additional detebtion now termed to eabfirm tfl^ 
 III tbie opinion I had folteed^ is tfi» the expediebc)^ tryitt|^>«k%l 
 Jilifla, to penetrate to the southwird, whenever tbelee WbtiM ilt#w 
 |tf to move it an^ ritherthan bersavetie aiiy longer Idtbetttteaifllla 
 #^ bid been litely makhi^ witti so little auteeeV to push mritK»««»' 
 1^ ma^ weacward. ' U tbensfe:»«, mtb Lte!«tebiait I^ddoiiiA Mt|r 
 $6 nmba^ a certain distanfce tiiihe eastwitd, wbtttttverlte eo<iM 
 i^ aot i^ij^ttt waiting for the Hfecla, sbotiid ihat'sbip bi flitl (NN- 
 «i}«iid ; and t6 Ibdk dut for a^y opebing^ in the iee to ^tht 80«nb* 
 ww^, which might seem likely to tivour tibe object I hadlnvltoW, 
 wai^b|p for me to jom bim, sl^d iny iiicb opehibg beenr. ■' ' ^^ 
 
 The westerly brteze fi-esb^ned yp» with (tobtintied snbw^ ibbke 
 ibout the ship began to move it sievett l^.M. Tbei«s«Al sttjj^'- 
 ^il current was sboii obSetvtd lii MiW« cirryltt|'4Kiiii'ib nai'llie 
 iiMtwatd t^e loose and broken ftti^enti tif ice. Ac etgbt i^tlietrv 
 tba heavier masses bad" aliora^^ed motion, antt it btiim^ ■$»*' 
 oitfiaty to shdter the fiecbifitfm their ipfHKMi^b b^ sHiftiig -b^ 
 iiiiee Inore to the eistwird of the points In doinf tbl«i< ira iMiid 
 . .^ current at the txtretbie ^nt running it the rate of nt^'m m^ 
 .0t4 i half miles an boiir, ib.as to tei^bire gr^t ewRtiim Itttl^lfljg 
 out our warps to prevent the ship being carri^ bael b» tbe'aiit* 
 ward t and this not three bcuirs ifter it had fik-tvlMgim m fMibe. 
 l^e Irequcnt experience we had of (he ^uicbttess with wbicir-iilir- 
 reata art ibus Mmed, in conse«i«ienc« m«r»^ «f '^iNM«M'iiilN^ 
 
 .V, J 
 
mmH. «hAt M^d^ tiro t^s'^l&elifct dffke tfi^Mlt fnicf Miltt 
 
 iMt *o« b* tt» mmy iM<ime4 iojJHWi^ittt «»yj!!?«^'?|g? K?S 
 
 atlthki luitiSbiteei niii^i r«riHto}^ the *;^^J?S¥*SL^ 
 
 m lUi tfldMticMi 44f *h* eiiJitetf^ *m%»«#. «« *^i* M ^^ ***** 
 ti«Mi, Its tKe Miiiid ^^*teW ^ Afc ^m^$ ^^^"^'l JL ,u 
 
 iSntt nro A.W. db i^,1l#*, 1*1 «tt5tDi«4y i^r the d^a«H 1 Hkaji^ttl 
 hlj^. As I/ibto pei^tVe4» KtiW^ei'; Mt sHci iMdt liitle Oi' ot^ 
 ifi$, tll6 it^ ^iiia^ tiidte to the ^^ti|r^ i^ tKat^aH>of tK6 
 <ttikt« and as tih« cleai* water Was iteih^ibg iadii^ iUti slibre tb thte 
 ^^itwavd^ mlifcbfiiiiaier ihati wetiiMi Vet kctn ii,l tftade^Ke ^igttA 
 4f,>eed tb«he Oripeit, JirHh ;the;l&itlM»ft df iftMklflg jUiiother at- 
 tei^iift, «1iicl|i.th# frt»e0«Vbi»itt!lfc ip.*t*AMIf^«^> ltt«**f" 
 f«;£^forw«Hl irltht^tt^^My i^ i1^ a«Bil>el| ^i^ctt6tt; At '^ 
 A,M», therefoi^i as sodtt As liife ikm htti d^ed a^ay^ J<4{fct< 
 vk aBbir die iigkidl tb 1^ difertidit^isM* ^^ dulil dfl^ ittg^ «n iL 
 aliotiv^ #hia hi^W b^«»i* IHni^ V^eriift lb Ihf t.b.K», iM^ 
 liiMftii^ iii'^tkit pmmi bf tH6 liA^wes^as ^ blMid theti^. W 
 saile«:^ibttir> ie^^y at tb^ dlifiabeb of i^ hdiat^d biF a tuT'*''^ 
 A ii%>yirt:4k ftoitK Ibe beiith, tj^J^i^dibg^ b^lt^fl^^ 
 seventeen fathoms; and, afu^r running a mile and. ^ ^«( 
 I^W^W; dH^tiett^ ^p: iBH^ft mm <Kcl Ubi #ri,bk 
 |j|^<ibst<M^lb<Hi^ t«fb(rt«iA W)^#a^ at a>li^ p^j 
 
 N»|ri«»d>ktbey(»bdi», Ve,ti^<^fote,b||%|lfiij 
 ^cH 4^« mrecte iil Ibit Umiii^i CSrtMiJBie tp fibalil| 
 ^ #lli|«^'4«e iier^ eiiabteil lo fl»j6i^ ^ Heiebt wtf 
 
 blMiv^#aii»fr^ig«Mi«de4l^K'i«i^^.d)ii^ bft 
 
 a im^j^^m^i^ afsd Li#bt^t Id#4^» di^rip.i|d<^lvb«m^ 
 
 )^tbplaipi«^^IIM|M)hfe Itttb^ iri|#ih>^^ 
 
 ,Fi^yi«»'b«^li^'l;eiydiscifr^ii^i'»'bs «Nai'ibel^#l«<;^d'i|My 
 Mi|^^|#««i||i|.;«-'|l«|f«^4ftti{i|; Ae--4k|fi4 'ibbv^'tbe H^'*«** 
 
 #a&iiivto«»lS\^t^1i^I« to^rftreo «eihmrlbbe» 
 
 •ceUMit. ^4tk'i||b>t|<^. I «MemMiiid fti:<mtm: 
 
 3 ' 
 
 \ 
 
 IkL '•"**' .-&2r?^ 
 
 :-mm^ 
 
r^Tifw 
 
 ■-4 '! 
 
 S%v 
 
 / 
 
 314 
 
 
 wawr* « H«^ ^wMi p csvw ijFjpra act 1 
 
 tillgitett 6f ice, irtifeb, pithimtt her iPHng ip^o a •©« of •< natiu« 
 daeV «» H* iffioi^ t«rjn,l4 ib^e/ by the lyiuies of ground^ 
 iM t a te4iol»radc0ldopc;ltu|l^ which they ^^ ^ir, 
 
 i«Mil«erity,tod thuspUMbed the ihip, in, complex- •ecurity. I, 
 titeo i^e4 Totind to theCHper, ^ ecoiuMiDt xUteMut M<Woiv, 
 iE^.th#>arnm«efiieBttth|t.htM| b^e|iin«det mKltocarocdt withhiai. 
 Bf 16 iheo^niMiit tobU'ltdopM for h^r ptifety^ en^ the.presei^^i 
 r^^ ^ ^^' W#-#/ere ihortly afteiNrerd*, hows wr, rc^- 
 Iteredlrvil Wftorihier am^ehtniion on t|iis account, by the Ice, 
 gMtoilly ireeedil% from ^^ shore, in consequence pf a.wei^ly. 
 nreese t|!rtog^ up, ind aSowiog the Grtoer.tq warp W near Ae„- 
 Htecla, wheit, tbottgh ahe WMbirnq meens so safe af that ship.' 
 shife wavaffeMt placed in a ai^tupn, With whiph the e^traordinaiy . 
 nl^ «l emr bie niVintkm t^t^ght us to he satUed. ^ , L 
 
 ^*: ^^ fclind veiy «od^ sjpcirt in our new ^»fipa, l^ifm^ 
 
 ?'**'**"^"?^*T*'v'*J f^' *^*'^ ***»""' ewursijjn, witKj»i<£, 
 har^ i the b|rdt htd^ of late, alteostlspitirely deseitol u«, a * 
 ot'lw«> of ptirmilpin and snow-bMngs, » few gl^ucoii^^ 
 »^^i,>^^aii o^ b^g all thathM^heen niei.ifl&ijfor aev 
 
 £^^^t^ •^S'y fine,,fesuc5e^<|, Sr^^* 
 ?5rl®^?^^/"r ••**^ ?> H»* 'ce, after twenty-four- hpuKs' 
 
 fff^ jyjg ya. from whence ^ »t uppear^ ^ tooeyl^l. 
 d^y^l^mmst WH^Jchwu^i of ahoiit tKreerquwter»,of a^iiffi 
 
 irp. extreiiie in sight,. iih4w|ia.^ 
 e lifine whicli^ .ifiM^^ 
 
 '!(*" 
 
 M* ' rf 
 
 c4||,€ape Dui^a«,:n^ <^PI^^»<^ - „ 
 
 
 ■ ■iViHt'-iUtT-..'' 
 
Kf.Jf?--' ■r'^^f;- 
 
 m 
 
 fitithitted 
 
 direct laitetdif tttmUis l» iSkmlfmfitb' 
 #ird.#ethoul(lftHl 6ive «(»iiiifl¥id to proceed «Uttle9C«MiiilMdlf, 
 M b|i|xyMd^iWridviidtwi^^ 
 
 i^th iMtn pireweiNid^^^ M o^iffitor ol tbew M4|iii#» 
 
 tKere i^embd IfiKe or iiitfciia lii hope for ^^1)9' atiy fiiriliofiofr-^ 
 lifitipis to prose^^ the niMiil oi^e^of tbo v^graNfi^ i^ i^i«f^ t 
 
 ^l^Ui^MfM^iMmma»v^ ^ pofpiH^^ of »» mete mitatlwi^i 
 lidtttde, in wNkMinlgltl<i(Mr|«||^ thOi etiiicMtllilt lipd^illif^ 
 ttitelded^ouT'e^ci^ftSthuu'*; ^•'•Mj.''f«;;'^'^',::',..>.? '" > .. '■..x;. vi';.i;i>;::'i>^ jt.'.'; 
 ^ 'Ilkci^^lilMe td itrliieh we hi#1M>v!#a]k«^' watt^ 
 of the Uifest TKViife we M i^ytibt^i^eto uMtlio ii|Mid^l|v^wid^ 
 «r^^^ B^ tbit^^^^ obcNri half ft oiik^ «iid<l^i«ldoi9^ 
 
 < «%^tiK ||« ttdilty ^%|^My^^ ooc l«ii^ thftttioigbi buii^Nd feet 
 in beltfit. tii iKitjifili^^ lUdi litbeinvnor^^i^^ ft^raird or 
 tp wll^ i«id ii^<lew iiiidi#iif^l^»^ 
 
 t^ of^ihii^ imittipMe #ftiev-coiirH^'it wfta lBtpoiiibk'>iibi to bo 
 mmyfmiidk «ith< klMf ttofiKidtwuloii df theiNlftviilttflir oliirt 
 hav^beelBji^oitired, With tne4ki» ftptfftn|Bd^ fojteftdeteMiii^'to (lew 
 dttTio vftit il 6ed iditm mtkvuii'6hm»f^ of t}m^^^ 
 
 the f6mi»iti«ii i4Eif the n^hii, 4tt^liur:M we <6oold Moihem >iiili»«^nw> 
 irlliM, hcreiMid theit Wettihh^ Utjm ftpright Matjitftj or eimit 
 l^littrii *lftUiM|(i% iiiiadit the'iii^^i'^ which- ean^uaded thma f ia 
 otl^ii[^>liiEiei^%1'lri)g^ 6f aittdbtdiie, id thift hMumtii^eBata^ 'w«» 
 left iB^(tf'iui4i« nM&iierV ^^Ht^H ^^^ kpf^^tm^ of ft.#itt dvtiC 
 etl% edt^thiifted, and on Ahkcik Muite fain tofsetittM occunrcjd; 
 higher than the rest, not imlijEe chimneys, for which, ii|'lia/pli|t»- 
 ' ' dottotrj^; thev«il|h« eiaiilf' hdH^e^ been take« at n Vlm die- 
 i Iniloni« 6f thie Uigher nam of the land, upon die brink oC„ 
 ^yMj^ite which overlook the «e«, we renarbed ahnoat the£ii| 
 imiett^ement of ravinet, cMtBisting of taall chunnela a yacd^ oT. 
 t«l^%i%^b!rlrttd Wh&b^ ai ;%e then amoed^ounelvea by- raftect. 
 il^, iiMfj^ «^ day ^embie 4lo»e inmienie bed| which conatttote 
 the HuMi iubttlaio Ind flctttteiqiie featti^. 4|Mt ^ iafand can 
 bduik. I h<vtf b<f^ jrefifiHted diftt^ at th«^ia#!tof theea rafbiea, 
 Aefb i»il#ayia%bialfpie(iiUflaiid,fenttedbyth^ 
 which are there carried itm the o«^n ; I repeat thi* obecrvatien^ 
 for the take of addinf that/ incaief of danger froaa the iialden 
 cI(«iiDg of die ice, a ship mky alwayi be sore of nee^bg witb of^ 
 of the«e pofaita, which are too smaU to be keen at a diftance, or. ti^ 
 be d<^libeited on the chart, by steeiii^ for one of d^ nurineii 
 the letter being eaiily diktinguiihable when sevcnd milea ttpaC 
 tho l«nd. 
 
 Tht station at which tlie ships were now lying, and wlicll ia 
 - tbrwesternmoit'jKihlt to which the navigation of tlie Polar TSeak to 
 ' Uriilldrdiward of tho AmetbMuii continent has yet been eincMd* ia 
 
 I- 
 
 i>.- 
 
 tfi 
 
 
 
f 
 
 #0 
 
 
 kf 
 
 ■mmv 
 
 % jiiitNii ^i^Af ji'viAa toiiii«Mvi9( ^ 
 
 4fr IMH^ito^#BhLll«Hj«^ IP JLli.f> and 
 
 «attii«Bii IM, bDMiMHt^ ahoiiit; <Ihi piridiui 6£;JV!liiitw HiiiliiiMr> 
 
 iti9iMai#j;k«g»;|iBr»if iCV*^ AvtHir <tiir 
 
 nine J^Blli^^ y^KmJiivnmilk0^fiiif9.^i^Mmu^0 M tw»<lM j^ililie 
 
 iiulMiJjir^llMiiqtwlpttiag nMtiiM;»C itliff »niii)kr fiJ^NWil iltil^ Q^itth 
 «f la^jw^i nS^ ^K j|indB# "mpfii^ of 
 
 ^iM^ i^a^lv^v^ iMljiQmi* One i^ of iii» wtiwDe^ l^ ti^ 
 
 plwb^fliii^lhfMri^ofi^tt^Pf mhI hrskm off «9 tieiicitl^ |if«p«lit4icj«M^ 
 99 16 stecBioM^ Jkjbuiiiomp wi»lMMwHl «Nrfr ^ tlif of^KHilto 
 aide, hoiif^r,lM «W|IMP Iflt whiiw.iirje lop|(€4 for ,«»<^C)r wslse 
 liieguelvei r»ttier t^iliSc ob)««tm «• ^|t |«iip(^ >oirer io qiudi f»- 
 4m4t ;^'i|H||^^ 10 gl«e «h« •HPtw«r«iffO .of tlieirlifi^g 'm «M Mt 
 of JHJbs>i»pQB iier d«<k » ^d «• * vMy triBtog ^^cufcpoft olitoo 
 vfippdMlilhftM ojT niiiifili %f»vitrioiMet of ic;i^ wh^ji in opipoar- 
 HBCf JKCP7 firmljf fi«ed to iho Mound« 1 give pideim diet oo goiie 
 ll^f^ill'borjbrtd o^ar the slilp durijog .her co|itioiiiliee io diieeitui- 
 .iiop. . ,lR»e fififrar w«t of oiffe^filtli flMide feat rear the heiuch* i> 
 lathf^jHi cyp9ied eituttion» and Wttr rudder uoshipped, io lyt^- 
 «m»|^ die kp JoQHBg io t it re«MiiR«d ^oiet, hoivev^^ thl!^ 
 ; OTif^;c|| ijfc y; jat|M Iheittay, the weathtivheing G»U»iand <N«e«/r The 
 tttilodnt^^ened- liMo on the li^tk woa f4* 84' SO". Iho i'M>«^*«<i«b 
 
 ' ■.!»■£ 'y,. 
 
Hie wii^the#1^ime^ 
 for i^vtni eirmikif ^i 
 
 AIM. f^<» l#pi^& i^ iilV iS^txiiiriililfili m»0mi^''4 
 Oit^l# ^if^Kim Witt Bl^»!inibhr c£h^ inid^^ 
 
 %m ^mcim i»i^ifttmr wm alteAnlel/ cleifr «« 
 
 I 
 
 ^^^u*-' ^•'^' 
 
 «l-^ 
 
 
 
 
 ''wlik' tvifHl>" Cii^^ 
 Be 
 
 a- -< 
 
 
f»^». 
 
 # 
 
 
 fiif 
 
 Mriqm diMUtte I iMit thmpQiitt off tfMM fiiidrimmt nanet faUini; 
 upon lier dec! mutt ii|eviiBilitlf eriitn or sink btr. ^ 
 
 The weather tM|iig4ig#ii calm oii^« 9Qth i^d^lttaUowed tlj^ 
 M|rottDg ic€^ to itoriii iipoii th^ aitiface to tiich J( 4egrc« m firmly tp 
 cement together the loo^e pieces' which hung MXHit the thipt ; anil 
 itdid Qot thaw during ihoie daya, though the aun waa ahiaing 
 deatlf iipon it for aeyeipl h^un* Although tht« alouf waa a^i||| 
 cient to deter roe frommoYiug the ahipa, Wfthouit f^/reah breeze of 
 wliHt, I w«a anxioua to'kiM9«^i|ic atate of tl^ct l^e to t|ie eaat^ar^ 
 anfl I, therefore, aeni Ifr, JNIaa to the Cape on the evening of the 
 Siat^ to examine it with a glaaa. Oi|l hia return he acouninte^ me 
 that no alteration had talen pUce, the „whok body of the ice re- 
 maning atiU close in with the shore, and perfecOy compact fknd 
 impemiihle to the eastward, aa well aa toloe aouth. 
 ' On die M» the .ice still rematiied as close aa befoire, more so in- 
 de«dl as« on'tfie ffiiltire of a, light breeze which had been blowing 
 from the westward for an hour or twot and had amused ua wim 
 hopes of gBttilBg aff^, the loose ice surrounded us completely, so 
 tha^ wc were »iimoVeab|y beset Calm weather ia obaenred air 
 wicy§ to malce ice op«n out, and occupy . m^re apace than it had 
 doite before, as if the previous breeze Md been acting on,ai| elaa- 
 tic ^ubatan^e» urMch springs blu;k aa soon aa the forco of the wind 
 ia tehnoved ifrom it. ., ^ 
 
 The ** vbung ice** had increased to, the thickness of an inc^ and A 
 liiKf oil the inortiillg.of the 23d, and somesno% w^i^ had Allien 
 i^.tbe night served to cemient the. whole more firmly together. On 
 « hf^tKi ipiinging up frmta the westward,, however, It ^oou ^gMi 
 10'icciuire A motion to leeward, aU^,.at half an hoar befote noe«|, 
 lind uackened abont the ahips sufficiently, to allow 1^ jto warp.dlie^pi 
 <Hpt, which waa actotdiufl^y done, and all s^ itAdt y^pva them» 
 Tb Wind having frefh<;ned up ifrom the W*VfJW^ thie i^il^;* head^ 
 were got tfe ri^ w«yi> ancl by great fttentioti to thelfMib), kep$ 
 an till ttiey hafl got abreaat of Cape Providence, after which they 
 ware Uo longer inumagi;able, the ice being moreclomt than befori. 
 I have before remarked that the loose ice in this ikfclghboiiirluM^ 
 was h<»'avy in piraportion to the ftoes from vfhich H bad been bro-^ 
 Icelk ; and the imp(Msibili^ of sailing among such ice, most ci which 
 drew more water than the Hedai,and could not therefore ,be |ig[tiied 
 b]r her wei|^t, was this day rendered very m||areiit,^tHe ahipo hnt- 
 Ing receivMl by far the heaviept shocks lutich thfsy, experienced 
 during the voyage. They continued, however, to drive till they 
 wcre i^boot three miles to the eastward of Cape Proyi(|ence» where 
 the low land commences; when finding that theii« was not .any 
 •ppiearance of opeU water to^e eastward or southward, said thlt 
 we were now incnrring the risk of being befet at. sea, Wi^Uibul^a 
 ^Ipiice of inftking, ant farther progriess, we hauled in.lbr, di#l^|f^t 
 Viftce jtf' grounded ice we cottid see upon the. bench) wnieh 1>^ 
 
319 
 
 mclied at six P.M„ hiiringpjrftirmti^liiilti ^jm^ 
 cult navigation I have ever known am«>ng let. THelNc^WM 
 
 made faat In ftd» «i(^ltin td «f«ity f?** ^•««';^,£^2&|*S 
 and the Griper in four fiithona, about half a Aila to thf wiatSlird 
 
 "* Tlie tituatiMi hi which the thipa were how plaeed, ^•J^J^'jJ* 
 In combination wt«i the ahortnesa of the remaraing partf of Oi* et^ 
 aon, and the period to which our. «*«»«««• f/jtf5j^2?S2r 
 be extehded, waa a»ich aa to require a more thin <2??2l2t 
 deration, in order to dctemine upon the ««f««'*»»<»*J*^^ 
 be punned, for the advancement of the pubUc senrice «» «r ii- 
 uuiity of the ahipa attd people comniitttJd to my charje. Judm 
 from the c]o.e of the aummer of 181«, it wa. reaaonable to comMct 
 t^ rth of September aa the limit beyond which the ~;j>8«^w «f 
 this part of the Polar Sea could not be performed. v«* y>»w*» 
 aSety to the aVipa, or with any hop* offtir^er aiicceaa. Jw^ 
 ed, however, wSh a ttronv M^na^ ^f the eflorta which it becjajo 
 ur to make in the prbaecuStin of dur enterpriae, I waa iftdttced to 
 e««id thil limit to the 14th of ScPttmbjr, before which day, on 
 the precediPrf y<^r, the winter might fmify b* •«<*«<> ">*2JgL;'»- 
 But even wfth thia extenftion our proa^icct warnot vwy^iJgBWf. 
 ing: the direct dlitttMie to Icy Cape waa between <»8l>^ M«Jtoii 
 Kvmdred miles, while that which we had advanced towaWa fX^m 
 aeawjir, fett short of aixty milei. _ %Jeu^ 
 
 1 have already d(et«»edthe reaaona which mdlned me to b^^ 
 that th*re waa little hope of making further PVorfM ^^"^^SE! 
 i-^ilrd iii thia latitude, andnthe grounds ^p6n wbi^h I had Mg- 
 mined to niti along the^d^ of the ice to th* eaatward. Mp|| 
 hoilrevev, was the extreme difficulty with which we were tm 
 to navigate the ships in this, or in any other direction, thai Hi 
 ibr maoy days been equally out of our power to eifect thia ifa^i 
 .S5^d/we had eXpeneticed, daring the first half of the navigtMb 
 'WiAi auth II continued series of vexations, disappomtmento ana 
 iiai^, actompaliicd by such a cowtimt '^^.^^ .JW' ^JV** 
 m&i thit I felt it would no longer be deemed justifiable m fli6 to 
 peSv^ift a fruitlissattcihptto get to the westward. 
 
 By Mir. Hpopcr»srtport of the remains of proviaiona^ it^^««^ 
 ed that, at thv'pwscnt reduced allowance, (namely, two-thir^Mjf 
 the established plwjiortion for the navy) they would last mitiltht 
 30th of November, lESl ; and that an immediate reducttoii to^ 
 allowance, which, must, however, tend matcndly to t^l^, w 
 health and vigour of the officers and n»«nv wwjdd onlyexteiiggr 
 resources'tiUthe 80th of April, 18«6 ; it therefore becime a rtigHfr 
 ©f evident and imperious necessity, that the ships should b* clip- 
 ed from the ice before the cl«»»e of the seasob of IMi, aq^tt ^to 
 reach some station where supplies might be obtained by the en* of 
 -Alitor early in the,followkigfy€l&^. ' 
 
 .^H 
 
 ,*.--J2 
 
 ,»V 
 
»<■ 
 
 w»re %niitlid, etniU 00^ be nuuU to eitra4 to a ptriod of m 
 
 Stt«U?te.S2^ ^&Jf^ ^ No.j«»l^ laU mil 
 
 oMK»MdboH««^attriii.tl«olthoc»i«ngwtolwm^ Thl 
 iPtff cpi|)^«>o^.viii ^Moo mwdlw to the proportion oT lUU 
 
 of ^ ywr, ^m OM mm hiitQihrimhmhS$ of cod ^^w--. 
 f PWf ^**^^,?^ f'**?* W#»!P thiB oflwm Md mfQ comfort 
 m 9^J^^^ f «"if»te, WM foi^ Urely «i|flki«iit to ptunm 
 
 %1^ to f««i^ froiii crowdiiMr neirlv oof huodrtd Mr^ 
 
 Bieiome ^tiite would hsvo been to muoK iQcf««Md, tbii 
 
 1!S/P^9^?". of a>« iwnie^ellfat Htiltli wU 
 . ,S Wiy«^»jfh>^ « «• powlj^ tb*i tht 4lficttlt9r r 
 f?i^ I'Slcfeduiu Of r«|i«^iii|ig i^ght Mfo m 
 
 ^Slj^i;^^' t«jf (|er With torn oOicn of «« 
 8?% |S?^« f 1» ?^ %»J?9^. V> ciJi for the opinions v. 
 %*S?? - "** «xp«ditu)p, b«in| detirouB of profi^te 
 imiP^ii*»*lw»<* c^pfcriencc, pitvioiit to formipg my _ 
 
 '^ t ' 9l?# ^^''^^^^ >»<> ^«»»- Edwardf «)d Hooper. Su. 
 
 T® %' l» W»?^n T?»ch I Have iu»t detailed, and requettliiff tibeie 
 
 '^m>^F *? w^tct witWi^ttirty-eix hours i^ter thff recfipt ^ 
 
 letter, "^ 
 
 H*^i2???*^ H ** ?**» *« ^»n^ *>^*«d «o north, and 
 ^Tlpct^d^ to a fw,h breeze, which m^e thf ic« ttliaai 
 
 JNt fo slowlv, that It was not tiU tM» A.M„ tint wo 
 ! wid9 enouA to move the shipe to a point a mUt and 
 ea«fward» which we reached by nhort tacka alnbon t 
 
 ICC Could 6e seen. So qaickfy, ■l!4«e<<, sjgi, tlv nntgt'clllBMt 
 
 fP 
 
 S^i^i'iMiri 
 
 * "SJ^Bwi^i.. 
 
 >'^*Sf!;iS?^?'^'-' 
 
 ■' ^ ^ ^ l. ..cn ,» «- ' !* "' ' "''" ■•ga 
 
 ■t^vs:]^,. 
 
 
m 
 
 ^Umd, in wWcb w« iMid bMimiWaf , Umt when w« mMl«fiuit» 
 the ice at the poiat, it woulil \mv Iwen impoMible to iMf • rtturn- 
 td even to the tfol we hail jiwt before left. ^ ^ 
 
 A herd of muak-oxefi b«iB« wen at a little dietince »»» the 
 shipt, a party waa deanatched in piirattit; and Meaart. Fiiher ana 
 fiiuhnan were fortunate in kiUing a fine buU, which aeparated from, 
 the reat of the herd» being too unwieldy to make Mch good way 
 aa the othera. He waa. however, by no meana cauriit by our peo- 
 pie in fiiir chaat, for tho^gh theaa imim^la run with a hobbling 
 aort of canter thit mpkea tfiem appear aa if every now and then 
 about to fall, yet the abweat of them c§n far outstrip a man. In 
 thli herd were two cf Ivea, much whiter than the reat, tha older 
 onaa having only the iprhite aad^le. In the evening, Sergeant Mar- 
 0n aucceeded in kiUing anqthfr ^i|ll; theae two animala aflbrded n 
 very welcomf eupply of freab m«*^ *e fire t givins us thrte hun- 
 dred and aivty-nine, and the a^er threo hundred and fifw.tWQ 
 ponnds of be<?f, which wae aerved M> the same manner aa before.* 
 
 The win4 died away 8Q9n a«^r we reached the point, affording 
 Miliobe of m^iPg* ft* ^^ preaent, any further progwaa by^tha 
 ^ngof the wefrom the la^d; !|re, therefore, hwiled the ebipa 
 into the beat births we could find, in doing which the l|ecla> 
 4bf«-foot rested on the ground fbir a short timet but she was aftei^ 
 fr«r#i aecured in four fifh^m** I* w"a low water by the shore H 
 
 ^^ i^t (flmed in upon u» i? the course of the night, leaviiM;^no| 
 n ^||a p<#l of op^ water in sight in any direction. It wat hi|^ 
 fratef ai l^pasttwipf A.M*f nn^ low-water at threeniuartera past 
 eiglit, oil <^e 3J(tbrSOthat the udes appeared to contiiiue very rem. 
 far o»^is pa^t of the coast. The Griper, being very near thff 
 i^MOu n^funded as the tide fell, SQ that the water U^ft her between 
 two nniTtfeieef^et } Liei^na« Li44pi», therefore, warped out neai^ 
 toibe Heieb in tha #«ik><W, for fear pf not getting off whan it 
 millet be neeessaiy. « . . 
 
 &|liedift# im#r t|ia hUla, wWjjl^ here, for the fira\ tiase* in 
 sai%ng^mO»pf ?it>vidence to the eiwtiiaid, recede a^ut tw; 
 milM Irom ^ sea> araa the most lu^^uriaiit pfsWW ground w-e had 
 yet n^t #ith on Melville Island. It conaisled of about a dpzcii 
 acrea of short thick grass, int«rmixed with moss,, which gave it 
 ahiioai^ aame lively appiearaiK^e as th^ of an English meadQW* 
 It was covered with *e dung and foot-tracks of muslE-oxen, of 
 
 :(; 
 
 opoa 
 
 a Hw AwM 3[Ummmm, belBf jk^riaTflf aewlj twdw mm&h ^m •• «tov»: 
 
 Affording ^7M poondt «f «Mit. 
 
 ■' tf- 
 
 s Mmk-ona 
 
 SS Umm 
 
 S$ QecfB 
 
 144 Ftam^puA 
 
 - X 
 
 As 
 
 »; »•'< 
 
''I 
 
 &S'' 
 
 
 whi^j^ttji^^ ^nearlt; tod iti^ 
 
 hen that the Itenl Uibr<^iti«iidoa«d wt» feeding. Wbfii waUtMr 
 over ^ spot, on whU:h th«re were numv si^ ponde of w^Mr, 
 our Mrpriie^m lomft degree ceeMd at tbe f mmeiiw distaiice^wbteh 
 these animals must travel in the course ^ their anai^Ml visits to 
 ttiese dreary and desolate reifions ; as such a paatumifibtdhiff im- 
 disturbed attd liixtttiant feeiMng daring the sommer months, may, 
 in wite of the general dreary appearance of the isbmd, hold oat 
 sufficient mducement for their annual emigration.^' 
 
 A thermometer in the sun acout two FMi stijod at 58* for a 
 short time,, the weather being quite calm and fine. Mr. Fisher 
 tried^sn experiment on the specific graVI^ of a' piece of floe-ice 
 found lyrafc on the top of one of the grounded masses near the 
 beach. JieHi^ formed into a cube, whose sides^meisored two 
 feet, and put into the sea, at th» tempdrature of 33% wlUi that side 
 '*P: Tr*'»<^J ^"^ ^y'***^ upj^fermost when first found, thrtje inches and 
 a half of It remained above the siirfece; bar. when the opposite 
 side was turned up, only three inches appeared above water.. The 
 Udtude observed a| this sution was 74* 2r I9'% the longitude 
 ti^' a' 3S",aikd the variation of the magnetic needle ll4« 34' 4A** 
 «sisterly. * x 
 
 ^ We b»e obtained our last supply of snrrel, the kaves of trhieh 
 liad now bemme so shrivelled* «• well as insipid, as to be no few- 
 er worth gatherUig. We saw no birds here but one or two ftoeln 
 of king^dueki, a speckkd owl, which was hilled* and n6w ahd then 
 a solitaiy glaucous goll. .. d^, 
 
 An dr of wind having sprung up fromthe westward in ^«v£ii- 
 i»g, the ite had slaekened< about a» alitdo by eiriit P^M., wlili^ 
 induced me to cast off soon after, though with Iitfle p i ^Bigiv ^f 
 making any pi^»toi)se;. After two heui*; dM^whid^^ibe^Si^ 
 deserted us, wishad gained about three-q^iart^iirbl^amilfrW^Ihe 
 «nst*»rd, and then made fast to tbehmd-iee to #iutferan'o^eii^, 
 which might enah'e ds to proceed. ■ 
 
 The wind remained ligh^ and variable till five A^Bf; on llm£8ai, 
 when a westerly breeze begamb open the ice aUtde>f at i«|i^we 
 ^flEst off, and amde aU sail to the eastwi^, thrtjtt^ i^os| t^i^lNe^ 
 ty pieces of ice, between which there seeiosed suffitient?]N0iii|^ 
 the iliips to saU. We soon Ibimd, however, that theydni^'^, 
 which at a distance appeal ed'tiVe open tirater^ tMit^n^-j^^^gi^iiiHf 
 occufSed the spa^e bettireen^e heftvier masses^ fiiM i«iiPipal% 
 had ^t^d It, It was imposiiUf to keep Way vnmi^i ot- Wi 
 ^*f»«^^,*»» ri^« direct^^^rtjh, Mfcii^'^ " * — ^-^ 
 of dmog this, that we wei% Inpn^i^ Idr ^ ' 
 half-'past eleven, without gi^iiii%4i^^ii^< 
 ahtp drilled with the ice. Havi^att^ _____„ 
 
 thi t6i«p« mto which the yom^^Tos <hKd-^v^itt4IP|iW^% 
 and the hrecce freshoiing u^ aUff^isGami Triitiiiq^iSiiil'iR 
 
 ■# 
 
 4t 
 
 ■ *V .'-t 
 
 J. "-^.^ .^:^^^' ''■■-*?W^i'' 
 
 1*' --aV . • -^-►^'/dfelraj 
 
nn^e »li>ii||^ai«itMI^ gcBtrally ?»itllitt half ^ mite o^llie beach, 
 wjlerea channel oNlear w&ier hid now opened. In the course ot 
 the QiorBingi the ^eda ifcfemd iome very severe ahocka^i one of 
 which we wefevffppehenaive haddamajied the rudder, the ahq|^ 
 h»vji|g run wiib treah atemway against a heavy piece of ice, b# 
 fojrtttnately QO^mttil^al ^jury was sustained. . 
 
 Soon after noon» the weather became thicks with heavy snpw, so 
 that me were oblifl*,d^to, run entirely by the lead, on wWffh we ihad 
 every reason cenfidn^y ti> rely^ «a a safe andsiire gwde. W« 
 kejuxl^se 4on#the«|lge of the ice, which was quite compact to 
 Che southward of us, without th^smatteit appearance of an open- 
 iiw totisncourage^ a hope of penetrating in that directiWi. 
 
 having Jww^ reftl^ved the anawfis of the; oflS^ra U> my tettef 
 addressee to ^em on the ^3d, and given the matter my moat se*- 
 rious and mature conaidcratidn, it was necesaary that I ihoidd make 
 vp my mind as to the future conduct of the, Expedition^r It was 
 g^^tifying to me to find that the officers unanimously agreed with 
 me in opi|iion that any further attempt to panotrate to the westward 
 in, our present parallel would be altpgether fruitleps^and attend- 
 ed with a coo»iderablft.^ of tirnf* wbiph might he more use* 
 fully employed. They tUso agreed with me in thinking* that the 
 plan which I had adopted, ofrunning back along the e(^ of the 
 ice; to the etu^ward, in order to look oul lor an ope|ling>i^at might 
 leiul us towards the American continent, w^s, in eveilr r^spect^the 
 1900 advisable ; and that, 4n the event of failing to find any such 
 opening, after a reasonable time spent in the search, it wouid.be 
 espe^ienft to return to Englapd rather than to risk the passing aoo- 
 tW winter in these seas, without the prospect of attaming any ade- 
 quate object i namely, that of being' able to start from an advanced 
 BtMion at the commencement of the-following season* 
 
 tJaderall the circumstances of the case, therefore, I could not 
 bu^. .admit the p9opriety of immediately returning to £n|^iand, 
 sh9i^ our attempt to penetrate to the southward proye unsuccesa* 
 f4;|n4iiy,pMt.oi;the navigation between thepoaltton we ntm-PC" 
 cu^ie4 and Barrow*j» Stnut ; as it woidd» in that case, be impossi- 
 ble lomidte so mi^ch progress either to the southward ortfapB west- 
 ward dui^og, die short remaindc^r of Uie preaent season* as to bring 
 the ac^^pMihment of the paasage throu^ Behring's Strait within 
 .%. -- - oliOur remaining resources. 
 
 the 
 
 At 'three P.M. we were abreast of Cape.Heamej and, aa we 
 opened idie i;^ay of the Hecla and Griper* thf . vind* as usual <m 
 this pari of the coast, came ;*irectlt: oij»t fromi the northward ; but 
 ai soon as we had atretched ov^Ato Bounty Cape, of which we 
 were abreast s^t eidit P.Af ,y it 9rew once more along the land from 
 the westward We found a Urge Quantity of loose and brok^ ice 
 off^^)l|ie Heame, and not far frcun we same pla/ce we oatne to * ftoe 
 ot.yi0fu^ ice, of nearly a mile in length* and about two inches and 
 
 Ki /' 
 
 
- ■'^- ^'W^^f^^^^'^tfEs^ ^ 7j:?^m f 
 
 i:idi£sM^; 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 •1i«f iii^^»*wgi,^kfc iMid^i^ this io«i. 
 
 p«*wd ft» we jttdi^ed^ili tm it lui^^^t th^ telUiiiiid api)ea^d m 
 be ftHir jw m Mile* wfdfe^ as for «s the darkneatf bf Se nikht 
 would «new of our judgiiif } for we cOuMftt this oeriod s^trwl^ 
 tee to read hi the cd»iik at ten o'clotfl^ The siiow wlii<lh feU difl 
 lOf^the dajrwaiiohseiired, fotrtb^ first tiitfe, tdremaitt tiooii t»l 
 * ^^*^^^*^ i ^*»* a<R>rdiog a pnof of the ten^ratui^ 
 of the eHMhVai^iiietf Mavitil ^U^lbleii belo^thitt of tOmiti 
 mi givi%t»ti«e of titt iieaFi^rOach of i^^erhJ^^ iidi dl^ 
 winter. ©«» OT |#b ftilihali^^^^ sdAie tcrti, ahd naiitelbiS 
 
 aoim oftoowsftttiitfaig^ w«6re 8«e!i[ ^bout^theshlbs in theeoune df 
 the'Aiy. ..fv'..: „^,.,..,.,- ^. .,-■•. a,-.. 
 
 The iia^%i^ l^ikaiel iiicteasid so^iad^^^ btead#.' ag #e iitt 
 
 to fh<^ easMd #ilfe^a rielAi ah^ fiiv«^t^ble breeze, tfiia at €}» 
 
 A.M., oi^meililifniihi( of th«^S9%/Wheii we had ad^toicbdl^^i 
 
 tlb east end^of Mi^ffllft'^aitd^ {« wis liOtleis thte tSJiUdM fiffi 
 
 We kept iifeir tftthii^i rmmj^ at suelk^ idistahce ftotii it a» no^ W 
 
 get the iAil|>s embi^ het^eit the poiiiti, Wft^ irffen^ dctaiiohs i 
 
 10B| matmmd^Uk OtHtWitm bdttih| round^ii with i 
 
 •oiiitwiiid; 4 cdiitiinft iOok^^Oitt waa^^ te^^ die ttis¥^m^ 
 
 fifpn cfp^mgm 1Sl#8cMit1»#itrd, but not a sinalelfKa^ ebU#W 
 
 peHielved ^lio ihite 6f fee whkh still covered the s^it ih th»t^ 
 
 ]«fliloii^ wir wii^iik^ ^^ audll^iiti^ 
 
 l©r ^4f fO^) th«i0i«dllii|g bei%hteetyifo^^ 
 
 botttMa* Some Wattei' brOii^e up itcfia thai^detoth in Di^ MittSfl 
 
 bowHe waaraf ^ teiht^titott^ of ^i|^ thai it thi^rtiiccbaftiiriif 
 aidi'Ofthei^v^*;-^.::.- ■■'■.•,....- * :■■....'..,- ,.:-.. ,:«=-;....^isa.,.'' ■ 
 
 At aeven Fi^H a^ dHiibkJi on, #^ hMttle^tiff c^i#t» 
 of lliii K^ ho^^ii «iB;«tiifo t^ ui iif ^tilh^ dOrini the" dOtt^i 
 aiii^ the thi^ #diihir^ ahd to i^id oi&ii^ any oi«ii^^l^ 
 iii%ht oeeor iti It to the^ fioiith#aTd. WS weit, ih thl cbSie *tf 
 thtefittiiai^ wi^in Ibii^ or tMr tiiilea Of the sitt^ S^ Whlf^ %i 
 h^%iitiioif ih*rt*«>S^^*)^ lit *hfe 
 
 osite tiioie reditce^tb the^Milf iiecilM^ as bd^ 
 ^% onrario^i' f^iai hiOr or t#o ; the Orii^^ ie^^ m 
 ntm ^0^ idf and Onr qiiairteN9a«^ beinir diitlitdd id^^i lii 
 Gi$|>ir right a«l^|^feriiNiht%f soihe be^ modtf of fth^nlriii 
 
 i$«^ itggitig, M3%itld!flM%>hah&the n^ih^^i^^ 
 thBfdlli^aiidlhe^ijiNwAi^ititB^di^^ • 
 
 A^irielV%ttie#y«On»l^^ Wiiiie «*r«H, 
 
 titiiia«h#e hid tOttffb^eli' t^ alid whielii ^ig^iS 
 
 ^i^iaxii€smmK thb wea^er^ and the iineetii^ of 
 
 ■^^4..„■. 
 
 ^1^. 
 
 ii&zacicaa 
 
j»" 1^'^'^r^ 
 
 *W« had fof^somc tm^9 been st(M»iii^ prtoeifMUf Vt^ ' 
 irhra she becdme o|itcttred« we were inrder tb#i«ec ' 
 oor windtoi^the wtlrtvard and WjntwArd^^wlAdi le#l 
 iee^ till the Iweadkei'^shcHltld beeoiiie>niore' h^fowt^bXA, .''»WM| 
 began ta tlear tiwi^.at half-pftt five A.M. oil>tlMt S«th, MiAMi# 
 diately after we isaw land from NiiE.b.E. to N.N.W. I?M lliibi?. 
 head»!were ncn^'IMit to the' 8(S.'E., in order ^tilke VBOriStm wt 
 where we hadiast.seen it, faot at?ii» o^elietck^ m afyio a if ip i %gaoi iii a 
 heavy. detachciianaaaiBai wht(;li'a|»|lBat«d to|i»a||l^mi^^Wl thitt^ 
 fore oiade us iij'el)!' (MoHons wi^''<hevhattil>ilbid%^iNii^^^^l^^ 
 Waier riither more soiddenlf than usual from thir^«Av«ta^ien$^i&d 
 ti^en to 8cvjm>-£ithQiiM»,and ti^cked in five ted thre«f qiiaftixirs 0fitm. 
 4^stance of«hdJF ».mHeito<the inestward of the groiNid»di^|«ii^iMHii 
 '•% certainlyn^ land wtthiii' twb or three' leiaguea- bf Vthia ilkip^^iiil. 
 .'J»ch«'howeyiHr; I have little>dottbt, from the- a|fpeal«n<ee'Oftiii#lca. 
 4gtonnd opboit^ there ^wat^«HDettgh;fi)r aay'vMp,'aiMiMwh^h%ill 
 probabiyr be^^al aU^tiJntes clea% |k>inted nont . by the>.«iMieiiiMl^^ 
 beacons of thei^e seas. It is oustomary to judM bythv tiiiNftMlli 
 ijq^n.,the ice whether it be aground^or noc^ and byit^dnnaAtiisfitf 
 whether it mayJue^bddlyappiioached. ; . ? ^ :z , <i;-^'m^'i 1?^^ v» 
 
 Haviog: hatried^to the N.N'.fi«9>and then gradoa^ ittflflfi^. i»^ditt 
 eaoitWard, we deepencd-onr^water tilt no s0undkigateo|0^ife^^<iliii£ 
 tainedwithvforty fathoms of line, and .<then steered <«lignl^vVo^^; 
 ^;£., in order to^make. the main iee. The?hnpoMiyftQiia«ll|i^ 
 9!»y thiitr liJce an actorase reckoiiing; doHngrthe ^laiiUlttiietL-^^ 
 9aaith)6 difficulty of recognising the land in conseqtMOlceiiMKli^ 
 which now almost^ entirely covered it* left, ua fisr 'aOoMft .^bMK- 
 loas to ascertain our positiouj till we found otttaelv«b';;«t^«Mi^iii^tf 
 Cape'Cdckbum, our latitude by observation beiiig INJ^-^dHl^l^iJ^;' 
 We were now eou^led to determhie the eottl»litldN!y fli ilie'lmid froikK 
 tbjkt pioint to Graham Moore's Ihiyf which, ott.4^«fir8tdiaeoivilr^ 
 we could not exactly ascertain om account of die'dlitance, «e wlilelr 
 we sailed ftomit. -r ,?* . r'.f;"-'-M, ri; 
 
 The ice to the aottthward» aki^ which we ^oaimam±"t»^^SBSk tldt 
 day,' was compcised of floes remaorkable fot^'thch^ eMraeisdimiiy: 
 length and con^nt»ity, some of tUtm nbichivitig^a >sii|^ bMtti^or 
 crack for males together, thfl>ttghthcirM|(h^id!iov««lter«ett1faB o^t 
 generally more than twelve iochef , and UiMf MiriKe ai-attiooih 'indt 
 even as m bowUng»*green, forming, in bo!thJhese.rea|iectt, «atrtktng 
 contrast to the ice -to which wehad^fot^lfe^ii'. aea ti siott i ed mom 
 westerly. The outer edge of these floe% hoilreVlir, for ab0ut;«Ml|^ 
 hundred yards, was bi^k^ -by the aea |nto> amiknilrable smaft 
 piecesy.rcmmnihg' so dose i^at aboat-wottld ndlipeneftvftte thetioE ; «> 
 cirpumstance which I notice-heeause it prevwaied my patlliig.mi^ 
 «iecution a plan. I had proposed of- making some'f^Mierviitioaa'Oai! 
 tl^ variation of the magnetic needle in this nelghbottthoodv^Jthire 
 b«itig< every reason to suppose Uiat we should have found it to bi^ 
 
 Ff 
 
 4* 
 
 „'£A'' 
 

 Ili#^iiiil4b^ «o tlii^ MHii^^ yM^ iMfl« thtt thoM 
 
 #ieA iiliis, .ad «oi« «U«w«i« 1^ loo^ 
 
 ^lPi»«fi»uii#> Wit again to thick irttbaBoii^ivth^iilteniooivth^ 
 
 miimt0Mmmikt%^ii(^ |Ntiiitni«foint, m i)itl«r tii, kttte n9>p«i 
 #|E^iiiMWiiliMf Jatid^Qia (Otii^ up in tlit.cvfnii|^ |rt |liii|d 
 t|i^ibtthie##at leading iiatov^^iiordiwatd^^*^ 
 laii^ lprt i agr tfe tiwi aoittlMiard of it^ throngb^iplttclt^ivrlMd aa^iil 
 til 1^ #«Mm»d Jlie pntetdiog y«ar, being;|io« aoMplaady tlookail 
 lif^illtfa^vl^ 4}d did ikoliH^ 
 
 ma HlMid ^tridg tltia ieaton. we had iMre oaeailiiDt^M^^ 
 mi^ iittt^kif V'degf^^^iN: ^dag^iiieft^^#Mf«i»#itiwR^apN^^ 
 lit«lii^llli>^lid; in Ittdgiit^ 
 iilltiiilfipillaUci^^M 
 
 lili^iMiiiiiidiate fi(M» of ic«^^tlb»^wlABvn«aa of 
 
 iHif ish n^ri^a ao^imptraeiitibly itith that of ^ d^anoiP opon tba 
 taitd,thaffit1i^peaiibIefiroflath«^«9^ abiaaee of jk^ afatfdo*^ 
 intMliiM^oile^daand tite oilier aomaoancaa. «sSodh«ittdaad, 
 ^ia^^^ilaaidn^ dila evanioR^ «ittt reapact to Ganett lakndi «hi^ 
 waaaoa^tely covered wim aiiow^ that, aUhougli f»a i»af«a«^l^ 
 WA tfia ^Itaoca^of only four or five aaila ham it^<«W'ilMndd?flctr«a>i> 
 ^'Ima. btan mrnra that ai^ land waa in tfaatdifectioiii hadiFa J|ai 
 ' annrayad f ^aeidaadty iwd been rtaumg with thfrohwt 
 
 kV :f\ 
 
 ^ li»|iiaaiBgfa«t»«an Gwratt and Bathiiwt>Jahnida, «t tha daataoie 
 df i¥e«iilai^frtita the foraaer^wa coidd ind no botMni Willie tUrlw. 
 fiv»to>i%ii|lidm»olliae$ and when ita«altt»a«oao^a^Mi^4m 
 aiiiiMB^aaaia^diataneat aaodiar ialand waa diaaovaaad i»di»iiordl. 
 fiai%iirilgaii>h«d Slot foaliDre bean aaen« and whidt^ I naaaad aftar 
 
 S^^ad^and former coininander, Captam Thoniaa Bakaa, of tkn 
 yal iKavy. The aaatam part of Bathntat. iaiand wna now d^ 
 «frvad^^ta^«iiend:ihrdicr ti^ the N;N^ dian wa tend befota baatt 
 enablad lam^ tc^ tafwinadttg by a praat of buid« aaUaACapo C^ipa^ 
 out ofi^raapiact to tha Hotenrahie Captain, TbMin»Bbde»;eM^ 
 df-'thla'iltf^ N»ay» ■ -^ < . . ■ ■ 
 
 We contimiadto run along tha adga of the tec totbo aaa|witd> 
 titt kidf paat ten F*AI^>whan analtt land baiag$diaCiMrarad»4ia«id, 
 of the aBtcni and paaition of wbish We had anfaaidotMi^ knowledge 
 a«d$.'the mght growing dMk^^dia ahiaa.'Wiaco ho^Wi^aL^wi^i' ihaiv 
 beada to the aofthwaiil ond waalwi«l%'l» wMali 
 waa-a spkbe^of «lcar« Water at^eral'tadaa^i axkent^ 
 fiKfaoma, on nbottam of aolt' annd. 
 
 Iknriof ngMft got ngbt of the^Hmd at: half Wt tww jMM^ oa 
 dia 29th, wa bora op for it, along tho^dga of tba ka^ v^dalkft. tti^ 
 
 
 i^UiibSSsii!^ , 
 
 '^4. 
 
^m&WJ^^^W^' 
 
 ', nc- 
 
 \*PW?i*,fr:.'"^'<i'= 
 
 SStiPwi>* initial HlMl^ditctwwiA tii» pw*^IW^^S2.r 
 
 .wttw^n^awiKiP Wi«ri^ out iJiJrtf^Iif^^^SS^ 
 
 aamr alMe #liei« «!^liid^i9«(»^«^e«<^>fc; aiul u we c<Miis«i- 
 c6veriiotbiilgM|» ikwdMiHrter, s«t <«»t*«toM(i !» AeboiMWii we 
 
 •r niill^ <»f tbe tidtev itt ^in^ pluetb Tbe space betwe«a Hi and 
 
 '■"»);■. 
 
Ti '""r'3 
 
 ^^x' 
 
 
 
 
 
 .. ,; 
 
 
 >!!'/. t of 
 
 «» «H«t ot 90 wiUu^ discov^rmg wy ogciOiig to «E«wg» 
 
 -*i - 
 
 'J m--„ 
 
A, u— 
 
 
 i^is|w of MMtniiag it tethe •o»«lw^<»^*«?^*«W^^^^ 
 -ftctiiig ou obhfc^ T<tth?the pi!«««»ti«^wui»«*»Mil.lh*f;«l^^ 
 
 abemxdt of >oK»4irte |>rocmdm»« »»« iioitiil|Oti»gMil»:aoit,itf *^ 
 loniBi^^uptilio ineeen w^ih wUchme |itd*l*«|i.tlW«Mit»»^«IW»^ 
 IM«il«jet«t»»igbvt«im«it coroWer it espdMitift%4o'^£^ ^«v>NI 
 iilbN&tdtlie offiMTB and mealn«b«A^M»i #1ll^t«•«i^«wp^^<»f 
 «*oltd3tl» ftUfctBwtiice pi pswta 
 
 .inch li lyfotoitioii^o^^ia^as miifblki&maik^'^mm^9i^^ '» 
 iMiiiry whieby «n acceiinttof tht nofew^tlilMaBttedJtff^^ 
 Mticeooom^ iiitthi»»«r^e;-it^mttit bc^^fioiifelMdi^ w«li*tffl^^ oftea 
 «Hi^d . iiiite 'weiitt»«d Sir;|»«w»^^ 
 .fa|M#^Qn^t«o4lilidiiidteiiaiic« olibi^ elcMen 
 
 l«iiMli»p4Bd; oii^tlk«%iia^ otbeis •ptfitet 
 
 i»{8au«ely enough fw^orhmg. men^ibit aoy4]^i»0th;of' tt»e, I/lli8« 
 lieve the)«Mduc»en of' Ibel wa»'^gMMn%:cooMd«re<i b^i|»r.tbe 
 gveater pvivaiion of . the twow 
 
 ;'i 
 
 .<! 
 
 ■«^H i. .J-. 
 
 ':V:a- 
 
 W«»Mii'«loiig the Mtttb ihote, tik-t)ld#ieM»Kf¥ of four 99 ivft 
 leigoeivtwith^tt £priifwesteriy^ wind, aild>fiiiei«jleftr weather} t»;kifty 
 oirthflt;coaat^^«tltllle'?to the westwaftljof^Gape-York, wa»r/ii«pied 
 aftai my friwdv^theHoi^ottraWe-^r; Eardley* We noti^dv* 
 8tn]iiDgei»UMit3r tnlhe «ok^[icaluohaiHMter i^^^ 
 <Mt,4<« fartam^we^oould^odge' at »dyK|l|li0e^to that on th^rAp^ 
 *i^afaor» ofHfiarvmc'sfitrait^ bothi)eikigramarkabl& for thi^^^ 
 treae^UkftatrtwUn^V which- haa befbite befea Observed to^i^nMiA^ 
 th»«Mic#«of«>avl»viaiidc^hi«h gives thia land a nagnificeiii: and lini^ 
 pcwiogi|)|Mi«>aMev ^vtcH a*4t is impossiblef to describe, r ■ ThOiiflhoA^ 
 ^fiaa-eoteredtwitli ic« tO' the distance of four < or five mitesyiaad 
 ^fftrstaoUtny iceberg was seen in the course of the afi^moon?* 
 h««tthftrfat«i^t w«»v in odier reapeets^peffeetly free from o)^ttuer 
 ilm^%¥^%f^lmnm9M*^Jii*t were.a^Eeast c^ 4 bluff and reroarkabie 
 headifnd^'wlUdt^i'i named. ftfter my much-eateeaied fnend^ Mr» 
 Wiiliam Petric Craufurdt and to the eastward of which the Imd 
 a^MWtd torracade, formittffft tecge bi^. l.continued.to run dur- 
 ing the^jji^i, hoiK«y«r, btii)rd«i>«ua of taking advantage of the 
 w•8asrlyvb•e•^•^whleh^wa8 stUlblowingi to rub. outrof Sir Jameaj 
 isBMaster^ ''Sound. •.-,-' • ' r %.'' 
 
 <«.l»Maa«o«^)tgkt i(»aottgh«itt halt-paat three on. the rooniing of tho 
 3iil^ «lttlbl^«t^ toijaerCflveiithas the land immediately to. the; Dasiti 
 waid of G*pe Grauoard wM/noit eoatiouous, there bding a spaitA.^ 
 8iibtending»ttn «ii%le«ii£'Sl^^^vlilJtfae middio of the supposed b^n 
 whene none^waa-inaibte^f though the weath^^-r was perfct^y ^lear. 
 As the wind drew ah^ioat dtrecOy out of this opening, to vhlGh 
 Lgave/thriuune^ofAdi^ixAliy inlet, and, as it was e«Hw#.P«ctt- 
 
J(V 
 
 iRivk*, 
 
 lag it JSTLTL^y^'^^ P^WIn, after my fficad Cuptria 
 
 tj^* IW WMI 100 liWf » Itt^^^^ja^^ 
 
I 
 
 t 
 
 '•onpurison with .llMfr t» whlA !»• I»d Iwdf 1^ 
 
 B^ off Cut ikl^wrpool, wliiA iMtAMd tolwwigdlq^ apiiili 
 
 iBfpSiat of^iMM MriiipMniRHrify )lvm\mA iimt^m^ mm)m 
 
 ef «bov«^ UM^waMT betuM of « mr ttghfgtoti^cikNHlMf^ 
 
 filled with iimoMcnibls thodt of the AwgwmM Arttim^Umm 
 
 nobouom with eightjr fikthoin* oCline, at the^ dlMBceioi two i«t 
 
 ihiM'«nl«i^frow.A»'9lMrt* ^^■Ut^Sm.^m^ v^'MmMf*"^ ^' 
 
 •inplwo ^thNdMn#«olie^l«drrWlnle«'«'a«dfaefli^^ 
 
 gulltf pbakiopee»atfd littlaHvpoa«lr^?*'^^ 
 
 lainMiNioibeKof ^whatoi^we4i«d wet with 4iiif.0B»'-^'iiMiafli'fu|lii«»' 
 
 famt»Lan«wlcf'irB6tikid tti l«l«,it«<NiillH^ 
 
 sunriaa to «■ that wa^had now ee^iw^larf^btiiiteir^^titW M^ 
 
 expectadiT . -In, thfra»iaaidg#eiiifciadi^f|»-^aaait«wa#:iwi i ah> » ^ 
 a loDfflow ieeheifi batwaco tbit hcadlM^aail 1^^ 
 Im than thiee^ttartflw olftimle in langdiyai^ilidlaaa^an^ 
 at the lop } thie Iik4«iii#herf a)]fiMfi^««bft»^^ 
 fined to the waatern eoaM df Baffii^ ^0iA, l%ia^liilfy#i^«» 
 sever mat with them in aiqt other fMVt^rlb^aaifplQl^^ 
 upon dw low attlp»of lipid which o«tiiir hrtlia$n di#i#iot^. of ithft 
 hiUa and the sea kin«(^ |>mm of th)«co«it« ^ ^ i .^ 
 
 mA» it app^i^ l» naa that eooeidatillde aetyice^4l^|t ha|an*^ 
 dared by ntenafal>«attt««f of the waalain «aai*v4l lMli|% Jp^f 
 which, ftoa Sur »|anea Laacaa^r^a Sdohd lOMhwarda, minhl onpi 
 d^ become an itnportant'statioh for our whalersy I detarmlaad t(| 
 h^pi aa cloae to that ahore, during our |Muaaga down, aa^ i# 
 and |h« wind would permit; and at Oie cxperianer of Oka Maaf 
 vo)N# had led.ua la aiippoar that thin «oa^ 
 oi lea during th» whida of Saptambar^I dnmie^Jhat thia mondii 
 cQidd^notba latter an^ii^ than m tha axaH^nailon of in vaimK 
 looabaya and hdats.' cSuch an examiiiMioo nppearedttomkaftM 
 mofa dasiraUai 4ioai?the hope of finding lomo new ontlat into thtt 
 Fohm Saa in a lower Uititude than that of ^; J«nea Lancailaf^a 
 Sound, n discovary which would be of infinite importance towardt 
 thai accomfdiatoieniiof the North*We«t Faasaga. 
 
 Piaviouelf t6 commencing thia aurvef, it waamy wish to hav« 
 hmded at FoaaassioniBayrof which the lohgitttde: had been aco»> 
 ratcfyvdinteimined on two former occasions, in order to compare 
 our chiooometera with '^e tima found th^re, as an intermemaia^ 
 nation between WiMer Harbour and £ngUind j but, as this would 
 hami delaaiMd ua a jwhole nigbtf withr a fair wiod» and with the 
 ahanao of tha followiug day being after all unfavourable for ob- 
 aaiiiwdans, I gave^up my intention, and made all sail along ahoiin 
 tothaaonthwardi-Thiatwas^ however^ the lasa to be re|^a^aii' 
 aft;lha few obsarvationa obtained during our quick return fsoA 
 
 \rt 
 
f: 
 
 A 
 
 rt 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 1 1 
 i ' 
 
 t^ il » ii t w w M ii(Mfli» 0»J»ay% Winter HiAour. ^^T^' 
 
 
 
 ji^-< -. ■ ■ ■■ iwiFiB wn FjF jm ill uiHtisi^ 
 
 ^^2 
 
 
 
 ', / 
 
 1 "^ ' 
 /1 ^f 
 
 1^1.:-,-', 
 
 }(.. 
 
938 
 
 »' 
 
 -#^ ■«■■■•• 
 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 miMUrp-^Jheoimt ^tom Btpdmmue w tke Inkt edkd tht Mfur 
 
 MsmtiOt 9f 6%r^0Wgmlto nmta am Emtwari^Frumm M- 
 tmfrff to refute $k$ Umd, amd Final Mh/mrtimfrtm tk$ Ae— Jbi. 
 mmrkt vipom ift* JH^Mle ItotifMce owl FnummtUff of • MrlH^ 
 JPtel l><i«M0t, siitf iifMii ihe fFhaU-FUhanh^MoUUnm HlBafAfrli 
 
 Jhrimd in MngUmi, ^' 
 
 TH£ wind contlnning fresh from the northwird, on the momin^ 
 •f the lit ^ 8e]tteiBher, we bore up tod ran along the hnd, uUi 
 o^r dir,Mrttti« fironi the iag-st*ff In PosfeeMion Bay^ b«irhig ^.S^ ~ 
 iVe mlKeii it hklf^pistl fb& A.M. Having passed two* wMh 
 ill thetoiM M'menibriiii^, mzwttt abreai^ of Cip^G^hiii 
 Moore towirds pmmi, inhere the ice led us off t6 the dtlttanice <^ 
 fth^ of sev^ iA|ilei'fi-oin the land. Some water brot^g^t t^p In W* 
 ]^l#:et'i bo^I'froin the dlepth of one hundred itt^d ten fethoilfs 
 #M at the teiJltM^iture of S(H% that of die suriace bem|f X4% anil 
 of the air 91*. llie specific gravis of the surface-tivter at nocjii 
 Wtti mONe; «ttheli»m|^rature of 49". 
 
 "When abreaM! t>ruie iiilet, which had been called Pond's Bfty oil 
 the Ibrmeir iiqw^M jilv the opening of the two shores, as far as thb 
 e^ e<ilild i^eimi si^j^i^aktd ao large as^ tb e^eite considerable hit^ 
 eit. W^ theitlorie; hauled in with thfe iiit«*n«lon pf exayiilnrlk 
 Itot Ibtiiid' the ice sd dose, that the ship wm stopped' dmbsf iirail| 
 eutrite^; iPhe weather, howeven tras at this time i^marl^bl^' 
 (i^^aJbdHt was the opinion of the oflUcerisi as weU astnjr bwt^ 
 ^Mrtihe('tWd^shOirei did liot unite, there being nearly a whole'pbi^ 
 of th^ dMit|M»8 in which no land was visible ; and it wa* the geiii«^ 
 rill^<^ that tills opening would be found to commnnickte wit^ 
 th^ NaVy-Board or Admiralty Inlet. 
 
 THiice led ui^oflP very much to the eastward after leaving Pbftdl 
 Biy ; and tht^ weather became calm^ with small snow, towiUrds m}#' 
 liigh^^- In tl^lb- day's run, the cOmpass-courses were oecasidaiittjf 
 mselted in the log-book, being the first time that the magni^ 
 Hiedle* had bedtr made use of on board the Hecla, for the purpoM^f, 
 of liavigirtlon; for more than twelve months. A few ro^es ^itlir 
 jIHS^ weleseenv^ding the first this season. 
 
 '|%ere being some swell upon the ice, which extended gciwndlj^ 
 
 Gg 
 
 'fi 
 
 J.4 
 
t94 
 
 to the difltMMc of thfM or four leaguM from the lud, wt wtrt tts-^ 
 der the necettity of heaviog-to for « few hours at Bight* a prtcaii*^ 
 tioa which wu alwayn hence-forward adopted in runnin* down 
 tibia coast. At nine A.M., on the Sd, we were abreast an inlat liav* 
 ing every appearance of a well-sheltei ed harboarf with an Island 
 near the miaole of its entrance. Soon after passing this inlet* we came 
 to a number of icebergs abound in forty-five tathoms* on a sandv 
 •bottom, afterwards deepenmg to seventy-eij^t fitthomsi a tlde^OMK 
 of four or five feet was observed upon eaeh of the icebergs* Soma 
 water brought up in Dr. Marcet's bottlo from tha depth of saven^* 
 five fathoms, was at the temperature of 5Si*t that af tha snrfiMO 
 being SS*, and of the air 33*. We again commenced throwing boC> 
 des overboard, cootaiolnff papers with the usual information, which 
 practice was contint^ed daily till the EspediUon reached £ngland. 
 We saw no ice to ihe eastward of us in the course of this dsy's 
 run, nor any blink in that direction. 
 
 On the morning of the 3d, we passed some of the highest icf- 
 bergs I have- ever seen, one of them being not less than one hun- 
 dred and fifty to two hundred feet above me sea, Judcing from th« 
 height of the Griper's masts, when near it. At hiuf-past seven 
 A.M., beinf <^a point of land, which is comparadvely bw near tha 
 sea, with hills rising at the height of more than a thousand feat 
 above ^ sea, we observed to the southward a remarkable dark 
 perpendicular cliff, forming the most sin^iular and coospieuoua ob- 
 ject we had seen upon this coast. l*his cUif, which. In eomllf 
 from the northward has the appearance of being detacncdi aa4 S 
 not unlike the Bass Rock in the Frith of Forth, is situated, aa we 
 afterwards discovered, upon an island, Iving in the entraacaolQBa 
 of the numerous inlets, or Jlordt, with which this co«st is iodaQHd* 
 The wind becoming light and variable in the forwooQ, I took itm 
 opportunity of landing near this inlet, accompanied by Ctptala |a- 
 mne, and some of the other officers. The latitude o^enred on boml 
 it noon was 71* 84' 30", being only two miles and three quarters to 
 the southward of the dead reckoning in three days, by which wa 
 considered that there could be no current of any impartwct setting 
 in that direction on this part of the coast. The soundings Wi9l| 
 tUghty-eight fathoms on a muddy bottom } the temperature of tha, 
 ana at that depth was 33", at tlie surface SAi*, that of tha ^Mmes- 
 phere being 38*. 
 
 . We landed on a bold sandy beach, two or three miles to the 
 northward of a low point* at the entrance of Uie inlet, towtrde 
 Wl|i<^ we walked, and ascended a hill at the back of the poiql« In 
 pr^er to obtain a view of this large opening. We now found Wit 
 i^e perpendicular cliff formed the north-eastem point of • remerlUhi* 
 bly >teep and precipitous island, on each side of which Uicra iji • 
 wide and bold entrance. Above the island, the inlet bmncbes fff 
 in at least two different directions, which our situation would not 
 
 
9S5 
 
 4 tH^om lit to trace to iny great dikt^ne^, but we ttw no termlmitlte 
 to either of them. - 
 
 The mineral productiona were found to coniiit pr^ooifNillf of 
 granite and gneiii } bat there was aleo rbundance of lini<^iil6o<r tad 
 quartz, the latter bcaotifuUjr white. T le vegeution w^t toteraMf 
 luxuriant in eooM niacee upon the low land which Lordere the vik^ 
 eonebting principally <^f the dwarf-willow, ffi rrel, 4nzifrage,/flii«w 
 {^ajv Cenuui)y and poppy, with a few roc'%s of ict-rvy-graM* Th'^ni 
 waa atill a great deal of enow remaining even on the lowr parte jI 
 the land, on wMch were numerous poodt of water i on f>^ .>t Uieee, 
 ■ nair of young red-throated divert which could not rii ;, were kill- 
 Mi and twofloeka of geeee, one of them cootir .^>: of not leM t* t 
 ahcty or eeventy, were teen by Mr. Hooper, * vho ieecribed tincm 
 aa bein^ very taoN,' running along the beach before our people* 
 wMionc rislttg, for a eenalderable distance. Some glaucous gulls 
 and ploeers were killed, and we met with severe*! tracks of bean, 
 oeer, wotvea, foxes, and mice. The coxswain of the boat found 
 upon the beach part of the bone of a whale, which had been cot at 
 one end by a sharp mstrument, like an axe, with a quantity of chips 
 tying about it, aflording undoubted proof of this part of the coast 
 BaviOg been visited at no distant period by Esquimaux ; it is more 
 dian probable, indeed, that they may inhabit the shores of this in- 
 let) which time would not now permit us to examine. More diail 
 eix^ ice<^rgs of very large d*me'"<«ions were in sight from the top 
 of me bttl, togedivr with a numb ; o' extensive floes to the north- 
 east and south-east, at the distance of four or five leagues from Ae 
 land. 
 
 . The latitude of the place r -' observation on shore was iri* tS* 
 34'% its longitude 71* 17' 93' .6, and the variation of the magnetic 
 needle 91* S8' 3V westeriy. The tide was falling when we land- 
 ed {it was low water by the shore at three o'clock, and at half-rastv 
 fit«i when we leu die beach, it had risen only twelve inches. The 
 tide set to the southward in the offing during the afternoon, especiid- 
 W about three o'clock, at which time the Hecla was observed by 
 Lieutenant Beeehey to be drifting fast against the wind in that di- 
 Tectioo. 
 
 On our return on board, I found that a piece of whale-blubber, 
 leut into a square shape, had been picked' up on the water, which 
 we then considered as a confirmation of this part of the coast being 
 inhabited^ but wliich vras afterwards more satisfactorily accounted 
 for. 
 
 The wind, which had been light from the southward during the 
 idght, shifted to die north-west early in the morning, which i^.^ 
 -dttced me to give up the intention I had formed of furaier examin- 
 ing the inlet, and we, diertfore, continued our course along shore 
 tb^thc aottthward. At seven A.M., on the 4tb, we passed another 
 
 If 
 
 
 '?-■ 
 

 S$6 
 
 ialeti »iiiu|ar to thtt of the pr^eceding day, though qnuch »inf#^» 
 the iao4 being olf. the tame steep and precipitoua chanicter, an4 Uw 
 W#|f»;flW^y.4cepncarit. ;^. ■.; 
 
 ,Tiif ^tade observed wi^ 71* 02 , 42'\AgrjBeittg,«ithia,a la^le of 
 <)|e,Mco|iat» so tliat no cujrrent con^d weU haye,quslfd aincft;|^ 
 |i^e<ieding,dayV <^s«iTa^o9^ In !ioan(M,og hi ,||su^^ nrnt^jp 
 fr|^ Qot a ut^ surprised in •j^^ing Matu^ k^ thirteejn fallmiHH 
 t^ appearance , of , tnc •lbon$« /rom wjaich jft, were thifee or Jpw 
 If^ues diaf^ indicating, yeiy deep w'a^i A b«ai| was. aentjir 
 hfad t9,^u^d,.thff ^ipd haying iwaifi hrp^uU»%J)|r f$pm the soia^ 
 fl ij at tW9 pMoi^. f e «udd«^ i^eepen^ ,ti%* Wl^r t^ t^iJM^- 
 ^d ^oon after tei fiiftyH|i» lathoipis. 4^ |n^ PnAl** we 4upa 
 |M»d into $fteen fatliomat ^uut tl^ bo»|» i^^d found m. WW 
 ^gjiiJbjf ep, , on w^|i?h ji^yetal n^aiiaes of^ iif rt^.M^i^, fpt9y|pi» 
 out, as usual, the »tent^ the ih|o4 MlM^- *?««« »wo Jb»||It 
 which confbt of coarae sand with broken shellsr were nain|i;d<9i^ 
 t|i(; llecia an^ pripf r i they iTorm a striking exception to ^, g^^. 
 xi|itu|p.oif judging cift^^ boldi|es8 of a C4;^t by ||^^ appisxup^ol 
 t|||^'Shorea.... ^, . . -;-- v/.^v- ,■■.;, - . < >u.-t- 
 
 ,,Winit Dccupi«f i^^attpudiilg to ^ sQW^divgit, f^^ s^t(^^pam^ 
 <|ur astt^nishment jm^y rfadily^ha ccmceiy<|fi, Of #«eipiu, |fo<B t^^^^ 
 
 »i|t-^^» « ^: mm^mf^ two oj^irii^li^tbe opfei^^ 
 «ce aqoaascertawjed to be, whalers, atf»ding ^i towi|i4> wi.|aa«»r 
 ^ey afterwards bore up^to the iM>rthwar4 i^ug the^ e4gf^q|^|^ 
 i^ljf h»# »««»»7!S^ ^d we los^wili^jftNIIWii * "^^^ 
 
 Xt^wap iijOf eyu^nt^^f,UHs,cofi«t, which M Jiith9^J^% 
 
 dfuredvOy the whafen, as whoUy inaccesaibie.ip ao high a laitit) 
 h|d becoine,a fishing station like thatou ,|||f oppMHc^ or ^ec\<^ 
 aj|o^, and the,cirCTi|«iatou«^ 
 
 Xf!^* %¥?!«^^ te<^ thiftj^^^^, wushm^m^^mmm' 
 
 j«ed#?iiu^ ,r||^^e^tf|^yiji|^* W pick- 
 
 .t^jjl^ aisa^^ in a MUfih^r manner., 
 
 ^ sti^ng ii;i-9K»^ at ni^ht^ we got ic(tp.aBep water, h^ti^ei;9|» 
 
 the banks and the iand» haying no soundiinga with sixty to jptii^ty 
 
 t»^^»x^ line, wheje w% lay-to tili ^a^4dj^ 
 
 '<U! 
 
 t«J 
 
 J* t«« «^ Wl#Jy <H> *e naornii^g ^ tF^^^lt^!,, tjia^, i^e, |^^ 
 aMrcely ^arry our doubli^ reefed to{^ii|\,^^i1'!^|9..w« afte^«pf(^ 
 
 learned fr9apt.t|^ fishing-ihiM^ jf^i^h !|(e^iiUHliili^yN#?W>!tr 
 therp w^as scarcely, a breath of wii|d at a few lea|piieit' distance fruHP^ 
 
 tAtlvatcdoa comp^^uir^ly low land, rhi^ comuaeaajeft 
 
 
 ..^™tfSpW*...-vW^ 
 
 ilb>A&2£^^iLl< 
 
 /SiL«is*Nc:» 
 
iMMce to the soittMimH ncKl th* •«•. W« cdMted thi#to|^siia(i]g 
 ts we had done in the preceding voyage, at tht di»tail# ofi<*N> w 
 thre« milef, |wiyil»g from )Ewe»lyrt^r^« to tweniynaiTO %*^ 
 vetev. W0 »W«* w»«« wjy* ansthwr of our ftshio^^ipa* JW 
 p^^^ hf tin {.ee» «( Iin»,:Mr. WiUiaitiion mMi«r j <«^«M 
 li«l0i||ilf4#OM»P8 other «vwifi of a ^c ^^|*^JlT&^ 
 a^«M^erii««l' IQ ttHf tte« piibUo cdamity wV«h EngWiA haa^MF 
 Hilitd^ ip the d^fth of our^ late. !ir«iMi«b|e .Xnd Moved M^Mt^tm; 
 «lAi^tha4««^9CMt%Roy«IHi|^neMlhe Dtihe of Jteafc^ Mte 
 
 to thi# <io«H W W^^^^ "«* had iQmeM^to 
 
 , <nt.p9rt in |iiMit# M»f tb^ fialhi P»f or t*rd of, tte<Atps ;MB;l#tt2 
 dc^MKanred ixit^tniMijhoai^ by fuiwriatt do#n thia eoMt, bfik:m 
 Ml4 tb«4cft^lMM«M^«bot»i ihe,latitii#,«f 6HV^t»iik<>«^ 
 <^ <ba oihiift^t^^^Aail .lo,the QMibwisiv«n otder t» get b*JD i<p^#» 
 same w«y c^Wt ^yi<!iMiie« Mr* WiHiainadn ako refpofted^Mt Mff 
 in«* •4M»'<8r'tiKd«bef0re» mtt with ioiAe Esquiiiiaiix :iiif«li Mift^ 
 mmcd ^hW'^lii^ ClydeiB 1918, which was jaat;t6 the«d«MM»d 
 '^r ut* C^0iiil4enn# it a maiter <of some inteveft to< cooiaicudcite 
 i^ tl^.^<^lk» Mbo h<Kk# pfsbtUkji not bce^liefeiaft^RtiUMt^ 
 ]^0i»^m«vim4li^4tmic^t, mihe same^ate^ bptniaAii^e^ 
 am^^lnle]^ ibor* iiPf i» aooal a» I had seirt our <iea»itcln^ 
 and l9iim o»biMifff tht Lac* aadttoiod in fo^atda the isofelt ille| 
 6«ilf4 Mp»e«% ^iAiiliiw^tt poising b«iw«nil»iid the lo^ |io^ 
 hSm ^«ii Ihl «s»tra«Bft to ti»tf hali'* olribft «oi>tM»n ««*•• \™* 
 elmiii^pi^f^ ictw<%f|^ bold in wr«iy parb .At 
 
 •oon aia we had opened #te intety we dcopjped off at on^ ^W^ 
 tti0^'m^m^mm^^^^ fiithomlsof Une J we tfaea litf&ti 
 
 ed 0Vfr ta^>iliii^ll9«ttmentr«adi pMsing at the distance of omr ht^- 
 d^ ilidfii^llMNk from il^ hft* twenty-seven £itJ|iom8, on n b^» 
 tC|jill|-.ofi:.fl3<lB|l!ifiP<l:i. ": •''" '""'''' 
 
 ii^i^wMNb^^i^WRaiOf^ f<V three or four astles towards soi^e li^ 
 lflbn#^^ilWf whNlh i«c ^«f» dhrected to looft. for the £sqfl1maiix 
 huts* r^ighl^^pam^on^ h$w«^ hfiSun we coold^scovertheilii ; 
 and; w«^,^efefore» slQod ont titt di|y*lighti We sa#» in thift course 
 olM»4ti9imfm^'^ a d|»ettl|r»black whabs^ jprmtipaBy'nMr 
 t)|9 MliaiM^tha l^ad^ Mr. Macbnde aiaster, f«s 
 
 ifia^t#^^ll^fai^miilfW^lfli»Jthld^ > ^ *\. 
 
 t^^fiiiN^«iie4oo^^«^«idi^ittowi oothe monfanof the OUfV 
 tp all«>w w m Waftd in k^ the )and. We spoke the Fnendihi|»J^; 
 aii4 Mr» «IJ»| <!!*tj*llla oi^ kindly oileted na any aa«|i«««(# 
 
 mJiVlh^li^ icebergi whStK, ffmm 
 
 •Suntioii and 4ini«ilalda% «ra wcdgnised t6 be the aamt thiirhid 
 i^fi^ilHifwuvad io $efie«iber4 1818, and fonnd to be vpwmm ^ 
 'tm vaie§ in kn|;th. It #ar aground in precisely the MMfte tpot 
 
 /:^| 
 
 ''11 
 
 
 >\ 
 
 W. 
 
 
938 
 
 i 
 
 I^K* 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 jBf 
 
 m. 
 
 lit b^^iir«» wlMve it will probably remain year after year, till gmdu- 
 idSf iPfiibd Inr diMolution. 
 
 * Atil^ ia toe evening, being near the outermoit of the islands^ 
 wim ^blMji «« afterward! found this inlet to be itadded* we ob<^ 
 8firf|dIlbi»c«noet paddling towards the ship; they approached 
 iipi' great confidence, and came alongside without the leaitap- 
 ]MlMI|iiace of fe^or suspicion. While paddling towards us, aAd in^ 
 4ae(l!bia^9tn we cnuld plainly perceive their canoes, they continued 
 >Wi£u«l% loudly ; but nottmg tike m song, udr even^ any irti^o 
 
 %■ which can be #^saed by words, could be' di^ 
 
 Their canoes were taken onboard 4^ their own 4#i 
 .intimated by signs,' and with their assi8tane6,aiifl 
 ,^. ip^ cams up the side without hesitatimi. These peoplto 
 cipl^ npinu old man, ApMruttly much abdrveHilityf «ad Ihfii' 
 }|iiiiigeri£i»m nineteen to mnffUn of age.> Ai smm is^thi^ 
 dpkt'^ 4<B^<Mr voctft^^ tolner«as« With their tii^ 
 
 tt|pilliicnf«.tlud» I may add^thdr j^tiasure ^for the ree^^ptlcin t|ilN» 
 '^'"'^ fllCb seemed to crrate no lesw joy than tfttrpnler^i^ti^iemhr# 
 ; iekiliwd a-f resent, or were shewn any tldngi Hrhieh ^exci^Bd 
 adilab^oii^tiiey e»resied their delighrby loud alidife|lenc>'» 
 ' BulltipttSj iihleh th^y sometimes contiduvd ^Wil ihtfy ^^m^ 
 jprie, ai|d out of brsuth, with the eicertick l!^ 
 fiprfssing theiir tatitfaotion was aceora^pai^ed by irj 
 ' L<»ml^Ued for prnunute ormore, ace(W#tt| to ^ a 
 liim which czcHtd it^ and the bodily p^wenl'of^fli ^ 
 rf|«foM it^ the old manbeing rather fOiotafiHi^'btttlidll^ 
 p^.'iiiilHEist, t9^9• thru^ -'n^ "^--'^^ 'i«*» 
 
 fabme time paised on deck, durrag which n few skint iini#' 
 ' Bwtre bimg^ Iniiath^mtthey wefM^tiiett d6)«ririi^ 
 Xb^ounf^voues^fveeived the prapi^ 
 re(««tar%, ^ tlMr^ s»w that their oU eomfeiill^ WHtF 
 Itiieai^epamplet and th^ then liQilbw«d#itii»^^ 
 ; loop odMskm to remark' thit'^iey «^f«m«ihbcfM 
 \ pip the Ea^uinuittxt who had vit^d ourehips in 
 #a|ih*fastern e^ast of BaffinV BK^^ Although wii 
 m loss liQ* an interpreter, we had tio^l^t ^iKnt^^ 
 ^d pan understaiM^ by shewing him an en^tmveit^ 
 %apl^^ LicMilen«iit Bi«dke^ was de8kK)tii#^ 
 Mtiardrawiiipgof htli4 B« wastteeMdiiijIf pfaktid 
 ^ijke fire, and sillui moi« than anhoniiSi^iA''««iy 
 l|i|^|||lirie and stMdineas« considering that n barter for 
 ^ "^ ^«|iir|y af|4^wha>d»^ going ip»fli>theitaiietinili 
 
 ' wiw^iiidned, k<fft ^i^t by iihe preMatt'Whialt wci#' 
 \ tSup to time f and when thie ftrilad,iiii4ie be^niwi^ 
 h^li<»ve,l eadeairourod to f«mui#)u»tlHit w«^wiiidM#'^ 
 lit nositimi, by placing my handisbislbm ttaflMldlB||^ 
 ^(MsaaauquQg n gra^ and dtmure look. W^ na#i 
 old gentleman warn mimic, as well as a very good* 
 
 ^^ 
 
 i.ill'?'-^' 
 
 miir:^^^^m^!^mmr 
 
"iMMMiid!!iiM>kj^ 
 
 S39 
 
 Bi^tiured and obliging man; fer^ wheiiever Idid tUi^lMi |[i^^ 
 imitatied me in such a manner as to. create conuderable ^'-^^~ * ~ 
 among his own people, as well as ours, and then verjr 
 his seat. While he was sitting for his ^ctQre, tiia 
 stood behind him, bartering their commodtties Irith^eit^ 
 but in a manner trhich shewed them to be no strangera to . 
 If, for instance, a knife was offered for any article^ they woi^^ 
 sitate for a short time, till they saw we were deternioed' tb j 
 no biglMr price, md then at cmce consented to the iexeliMiigie. 
 this case, as well as when any thing was presented fo 4lel|| j 
 immediately licked it twice with weir tongues^ afller whit^ 1 
 seemed to ccmsider the barg»n satisfoetorilir eonclii«lbd. , 
 youi^st o£ the party very modestly kept behmd tlli dAuilt^:,_^^^ 
 bfiore hs was observed to have ^one so, missed sevehtt prt|ei^r 
 ifhich his less diffident, though not importunate, cmDm^flililpa 
 r^fived. As the night closed in, they heeime desirons to d«£^ 
 and they left v^ before dark, highly delighted with their via^t.' As 
 I had purchased one ot their canoes, a boat was sent to kna^ its Into 
 owner, as only one person can sit in eaoh* Min, Palmer inforqud 
 me, that, in going on shore, the canoes «oi>ld beat our hpaC 
 much in rowing, whenever the Esquiniaux chose to exett fL 
 Slaves, but they kept dose to her the whole way. Oiiiii;||;^ll 
 time that they were on board, we had observed in thiwiiV^J^^ 
 aptness for imiuting certain of ourvrords ; and, whU»^|ili^ ,iik 
 mere, thev took a particular liking to the expression of **^P ' 
 {^e way r which they heard Mr. Palmer use to tiie boat's 
 and which they frequentiy imitated to tiie great unusemebt 
 IMUties.' •,■-■,• 
 
 ^^ Being desirous of seeing more of these people, of whom fhij 
 i|^rview had given us a favourable impresstim. I ddEei;mli|l 
 Mi|h^ during the night, and to take the ships hiffhtr up the 
 ol^the following day. Mr. Bell came on board nroiB me<Fil,.^„ 
 ahip: in the evening, aud, after repeating his offers of assitUgiicii^ 
 copnotonicated to us many eventeof a public oatore, whidi^mt^ 
 n^but be extremely interelting to us* after a complete sedt^^cJik. 
 IfjMn the rest of the world for aperiod of seventeen moiM^ .^tS' 
 tfUBperaiure of the sea at the bottom, in one hundned M 
 fivjB fathoms, waa 9U% and at the dtpth of sevcn^-i^ 
 3i%3; Iliac of the surfoee water being 3dVand of the acnuMpi 
 .The calm weather which prevailed duHng the iiig]M» m 
 smiied by^ a breeze from the westward on the momlnjg _ 
 7di% of which advanmge was immedUitely taken to beat up ,tl^ 
 «}iieh proved a vety extensive one. The sun did not btnit ^'"^ 
 the clouds till half after seven, when the expected ediif 
 fonnd to have commenced, and I determitaied to land, with < 
 Sabine, upon the nearest isVind, in order to observe the 
 ^ivdU as to <d)tun the otiier usual observations, 
 
 •1^1 
 
 ••\^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 %- 
 
 frn 
 
""^ W5,^ :T7Trr^-"-^rv r^v 
 
 5340 
 
 'W 
 
 
 .SS,^"*!*' . time »"«*«« (^^.^.^"^aSI^ 
 Mgjpdy y >w, fe jump riwuH. »h« «teMfe31i,^,iS; 
 
 3S?Jr^ • opeiwd for the boKt*' citt»8' dtiiiiet' -rtlS 
 ^Jjw to imi. ctth of their htaib ««<!eS^ Ife 3^ 
 
 AftiMlet which had pefforn^ aoiis^i^,^^^ 
 
 
7^ 
 
 '"^■w«-je«f|f;irjSi!«v»*r.''' 
 
 ♦ 241 
 
 <M^f|:pre8si»g tb^Vtwt wish to i>art^c of *« jj^;^^^ 
 hT^STuB «aS.ai|^f ith gob«r appetites. ^^^Ri'*'^**.^**^!^^ 
 •y4;to tiMrtp *» Pf it, with^wmt biscuit, Aey <^^^ 
 ataUtoreU8li1t,|ttteata small quantity froni an «^*?^5 «^ 
 not to(>f«fi4 a8,,ai|^ then deposited the rest iafdy id thcftr ta«oei& 
 Thsy «?i*IW>ot be twniuaded totaste any »?»»' *^f °"^* :»S!3 
 it.4en whin mueMHttt«4 with water. Ido^not kno^.^Jf^ 
 it £ a circu«lstki>6«\worthy of notice, that, when a kaleidoscope 
 <if teiScope^sTIVfn tl^A to look into, they immediatd^shiit 
 o4eye,a»nd (Mieof |he?a usdd ^rrigKw^ the^er the 
 111 ge^ing out ^ their canoes as w^ll as into fchem, great caw lii 
 reow^d tQ^r<»$rv^ the balaiicc of these frail and unsteady cow- 
 cles» and in this they, generatry assist each other. As we wcte 
 ' ^ ^W^ ^ut tafottbw usi wte :% ort oitt 
 
 ™^„^^^iey wouia mJmage this, ^d it was grtttiiyiliK 
 ^^^t'|hi? young^^ man launched ^e canoe of his a^ed eoM- 
 ^t^ad^fiuring careluUy steadied if along^e the^rock, till he 
 iiqei^,^^t (ginpaVjced, cMed bis <^wn down, and contHVfedi though 
 ^ii^^Bic dPciiityi tb get into it Without assistant. Thiy sctfto 
 Jo t^ cspcscUl aw«iin la^ their canoes, liot to rub thetR 
 •a^i^tthfe rocits, by plicihg.one ci^^ gently ih the water,' ahd 
 l^amK the otfict up hi^vM it can be^eposilied without risk <lf 
 itMtfT::. As s<9pn as, we commenced rowing, the Es(|[uimaut'be^iin 
 tO!^Voclfero^te thw^ of ** Huirliar, giVife 
 
 wfe'%hl(i#iey wntiniibd at intervals^ accon^inied. by the mc^ 
 IJ-^hiimaured msrrimcnt, as We crossed over to the main laniSi^ 
 terlj^ilg n^ a little s«^«* occasicraed by a; wt^ther tide, #* 
 ^^^ ^*t <iur boats could easily beat their calho^a in rowtl%, not* 
 ^ Jihgjhf i|^ utmpA^ «ndeayoi|rs to keep up with us. ' ; 
 
 .J^wb Ksquitn^ux tin^^^^^ wliich we were now goings td^^rf^, 
 ^ situated just within ja low point of land, fdrming the eastern 
 qI the entrs^nce to a (^ii^idei-able branch of the ihlet, exteiidifl^ 
 Jilstinfje to ^e northi^ard. Thfe situitibh i» wmto rad 0^ 
 wia*^ llv^lng. a spttth-weaterly aSpect^ and beittg in every respect 
 w^adapted for the convenient residence of these poor peojpfte. 
 "We landed, outside th|rpbiht, and walked oyer to 'the tbnts, sending 
 our hpats, acc«|nipfl^i<>d by the two canoes^ round i^e po^nt to mei^ 
 i^t As soon iwi^e cafe of the tentsy eVery livSig imtAWt 
 
 tllj^re, men, wofeeh, chihiribn, and dogs; werie iu motion^ the latt#^ 
 to the top of the W|llbttt?6f our way, and the rest to meet us wBat 
 Idudrandcbntihued shouting; the wtM ''piliitat^ j^Vfc toe] beinf 
 this only articulate sound we could distinguish {h&mst the g^<inenu 
 iH^oar. Besides the four men whom; we had already Seen, there 
 if«^ four women^ one of which befng^ about the sanie age as^liiii 
 o|d inaOf was probably his wife ; the others were kbout thir||^, 
 tfiren^-two, and'eighteen: years of age. The first two of thelfe^ 
 wnoim we supposed to be puurried to the two oldest of tfio yolii^ 
 
 H h 
 
r^'^^^pfpT^^^^^P^^^^ 
 
 ■t. 
 
 2»tirir« lift thew,orSr4S^f ^11^*^5^^^^ 
 
 
 ^m*/ 
 
 m&hien. »«.*iJS J'r"" J*«yjpn«^ly bitttfed with aX^^ 
 
 ««#•♦ however, with whieS AJ^IT'lI^t'''?^ «^<'«*wwt. The raa^. 
 
 itRWtiti^s, was 1^ ho means the erfSt* «r7' r^'^^^riw* "*«>«' «*«ii- 
 pena on the vaSe of the^kU. Xd 1^:5^ **^^ '^ •l^^yX 
 ^ I thought, caacluded a h^^?! ^^^^f^^^ ^^r, hiyjS. 
 g^ old woman, I desired ^^ZXh^dtST ^^^^ 
 S / T" perceived that I hadmiaSidirii!;,^?'^ *? «l«Kaf.: 
 »•* to the caaofe and «.»:-j " ™!«"na*ratood. her. for she fhttik 
 
 MW* mfcer bent by .ge?»»L,^* '':'«''• ?' *' «« mW 
 
 r^ TKeir feee. .re '»«»H»t.j;;ta^to '.;^^*i:Sif 
 
^;»f !-STf»-r'-'»MHii(»««#«- . ,|t»%' 
 
 '• I ' f-^^T. 
 
 -(7 
 
 comfMBfriiQi very dark, eic(;j>t that •{ ths 
 oir fiiaiii tlet» vif li^i^^TOa tnuitr; iioa^ htbwA, bit iijrt wry 
 idrWiW Black, %$uibt, iiB^ gU>i»y i and th^ir hands and feet a»» 
 tf^ef# di»iilttiK^ till 0^ l»d a grey hear* « which thf , 
 black ka* #B|^^ted, iid wore the hair rather long upon hit . 
 ^l^^#ite ialao t«B cast with the ddpst of the thra^t 
 it df ii^e, we th<»i|gfaf,:bQre a alriliiig reMpnhhuice to 
 
 M^JJP^^' ^«<<:)^^**f ^<'^'^*^^ M the EaquUnaMf 
 
 , Ihpahif^Ae ilMriatf exfieditioa whose aer- 
 
 #B* #*iatftliaiilft(ilt^^ oc^OB, aiKi whose premata»e 
 dli&^ hild^edi l|i|(ie^ly 1^ 
 
 It a^t iiiiiiyi %§% ««M a ylWable i|ieii>he|^f fopiety^^ 
 
 Wiplired firoo^ fmir fe^t te&Ao l»ur leet 
 . »it«8 of the twci young**^ w«r% ^gwlfn;} 
 i| J^d by^(j^ ni^a^ ^^s sasaU, 
 
 ii|h beacttlfttlly «h% jftnd perfect} aild at* 
 ^4i^ 4lcea is! i|)ii!pl^ m chubby, an4 their 
 ^^y^l|h«lF^<i:^tthMu9ce9 inigb^ 
 
 TMr mki wluch^^ia jet hliM^ 
 id Ibble iab<^'^i» ^bul^^^^^ pMtp^ it o« 
 
 i8t*a4 of bei^ watjr tied ofi the top of the 
 
 ,_l%lllK;fb^^i.,id'iiidsfi^er- F^ aecusipmeil 
 
 .fii^iiii<»t feaoite 1^ w^aX baal#ahie||| 
 
 Jli^we^iis^ed her to 6e the oiilyiiBmartied (m^ 
 mm tie btheir t|ree in nc^ beiing^^tat^ied opop th« 
 flia^fliib df th^lWOi'eir^^^ ^soy and tile old wo- 
 
 i&illJid a fe^ in^ (^ the same Icipd about ea^ wrist, ifom 
 i^tliltt mfehildir|n3iere^^li» (^Iti^iah^* 
 ^*i^ ^»riilli^irt piewlty good-kwkini^ and the eldest boy^ 
 mm^^ Parl^f a^liiliras a remarlui^ fitie and even haiidf 
 Wlti^, * Thiy irerc tracer acared ai us t^ llrst } but kind treat? 
 li^^A^ii^a feW '^ sQoa^renipv^d their fears, and 
 
 ]«^ iheit4i49btai ini)^^ 
 "Th^ di?esi pf'M men cohsiata of a aealrskin jacket, wii^ a hood 
 imM is otiMt(i^<lN^ )>!^a|f of which it forms the 
 
 onlV^ Cbveiin|(« ' Itle bileiShiea ,1^1 abo geh^ of seal-fkJUf and 
 awTihadl tci i^tth ^fcUwi^iltlp?;^^ iieir boots which meet the 
 bleeihfi lurimide clihe same material^ In this dress we^Jerceiv- 
 ed^ dil^i^nfi^^iif ^ftt^ dfiibbtliir Esquimaux,: escci^ that th«^. 
 jacket, instf^ of hfnngapointied^fl^^ before and behina^ as usual, 
 ^ <^le si«||^Mhii^ and had a sort of scoUop before In the ce% 
 tife. fn the dreis df the' women there was not so much regard 10 
 #^ncy as in that of tW meo- The jacket is of seal-skin, with A 
 sf^, pointed flap before, and a long one behind, reachtugaliiioet 
 tc» the ground. They Kad on a kind of drawers, similar to those 
 
 . n 
 
 m 
 
 -.■fi 
 
 , 11 j ii j i ^ .ii|< >»i> ifWW|!i»wWWWWll^ 
 
 5***?-^*; 
 
 
 
I/' 
 
 
 end are out of the irjittf wKrti. flJL? * ^!^^* '^^ f««*V Jt» Me- 
 
 ,»»vmg a hhrhtr rim bf *u«Iw^^^^ *«ch'^, and alto in 
 
 «ircu!ar'l,ol?#|,ere theiSn^SS LK ? ^"^ ^t««*ed, round the 
 
 ^^ft^wood, and the Hini Whh WE^h^ ' **^*** ^' ^l»de W or 
 
 ^ diy^ them, and piSv^nttheh- ^.J! ** "St*' ^h« *'r,io pagTinder 
 toadfe of fir, the eVa'S tfcjj bSl Au ^' I*^*''« »* ^ouble?^ 
 tttwiure them fh,rwewW "**** '^'^^ar «>veWd with hard bm 
 
 me •jieaif^oi'dartt which thev Bi* s.» vir 
 
 they tti« w kiUmi^aealiimd ether »«« 
 
 st^v.. 
 
iml««to, wtitt, I** the*wi^oow of oar fi»NTI«yiJ%*S!i 
 
 00 scwcewd irJoaWe i^ix»mi*oai^ cw.be oh^^ 
 
 Sd . HilNoiVft f««t ife Wpgtll,J«d *^J^ JJJ^^ 
 
 eighteen inches Umfe •^•^^^^^^ef^r^^i^^^!^!Sl 
 
 H&i^iph aifeyf«»tich to ih,ir •pBmiWre i«nr SJ^^^^S 
 ity, heiirUwthoviMiti^ «n4^heip iil«4^ i?p intj^.for W«- ^ 
 
 ««liDer.sthf olhetj;H«a»<»«^ v*^ '^^^ tSTtJ^Slfif & 
 «d iw^A hyi^Slia tp a stdi; th^J»M h«i»g '^.^^^^ 
 
 Qifl^Wwaruv ^hm m of ^Efquiminx "!«^;^3,W « 
 MSS*^Mitt<wilr» bow^«»d j«|Nm^a^«wr i^fhi^ ~ff* !?cj5 
 
 of fir, w^i^ ft fe»*i^=^ owi«Mi tinikfUm ^^?\^h^JS^ 
 
 .-^thetUvid^yiSHipptwInR to be • f^adVtey,.*!id m<*n4<?d, Bir- 
 ,4)&^«o ^tf«h ti|»m«B of ^t fit W wy «ge, , - . 
 
 y^k}^^^^^^ <»P*y •WfiF '^•^ *JW were c°»P««^f ^*^ 
 ngh^aidleft 3lw.b<»rtet of.^youig whale, benifrMne^^'^fe^t n«e 
 IMK^ long, one fo# M^ven ipc4w% apajt^ and w^" '"^^^^^ 
 
 piecei; ipal^ ifUk^M ^ *M»«pf.<fe«^whate,. and secured W^J^y 
 .4^#^ingt of whi4e-))«in^ ^ »• *<» ww9»^be bottom of the itedge, 
 aiid^tht^ baS U iwide «!l two di^r'* horns pUced ?» ~ «P"8*»*f®: 
 wdloii. > The lower t«irt of thd^ i^ners is shod wi^ a hajder leiod 
 Of bo6e,^^res|stithe friction agajnst ^f, .ground. The whole 
 vehtcte^is rudely executed, aq4 being nearly twice the wei^^ 
 the skdgfs we saw among.the wrtherti. Esquiipauj^, »J"«»^y 
 ^ndedlLcarryiftghea^^Ntden.. Thedoi^^^^^ 
 fifty or sixty in^umger, and had nothmg aboot them diflferent fr^ 
 SSeott the eastern coast of ^frtfin^s Bay, except that they do not 
 iSSd n^r so W^h « those of the latitude of 76-., Th«y «re vfiy 
 
 shy and wild, a?d ihe natiwW r^"' ^^^^"^ >» "'*?/ "^^S 
 While we were by,vas wellaaholdiug them m when caught. Sqihe 
 of theltahai^e mncVmore of the wolf w their appearance ^anoAe^^ 
 
 having very, long headSvaAd sharp noses, wjth ^^f^^.^^^^ 
 alwajScaiied between the legs; virile, the bodies of <«*erM^ 
 less lank, as well as their noses less sharp, and they carry their teite 
 handsomely curled over their backs ; their colour vanedffoinjpMte 
 .4wk to brfaidlcd. The raVenotts manner m which th^y devcmr 
 
 
 ►'^^w— — '^^^X^^ 
 
m''- 
 
 Ml flli 498fmlpmmiii,1^mm nrdarly fed #liii« M iHHir^ 
 fai ijMM KfMJM 1^ Hun piiMN tat tt|ri^«|ifc^gMtti ifWkri 
 •itiy ly 4 txmmMtmm J bitdlrtrchic^ mloAtm^ tte 
 im,M laiMi^ liift.11^ ipd 4M(n of f 
 
 gravy ; thus combining vJlH wImiI piigartlioto^f^wiHIiii IW^ 
 ol4ige^»^Mdb;j|ow9ver.iSffQiM|k«ntt»^ i^^^^ 
 
 torn,. M Ooidy 9^ t^kmfk^M >pMi^ WiiiNMtifit; . ^'HHpiPi^t^ 
 art mk ctf tM lii^i^lililll^^ tillilicWr m0 
 
 for IM piiK|i(i^ iMi^ii^gM ci*«« o^^ 
 
 to jifttomiao 1J|i« lia^ jHi^^dr ^Uc\x »miHn htVfe' is loy^ Ui fng^ 
 laicl. Aft itmi^o not *pp«wr lo %f« atif iostraiiirisBillilEi c Miip, 
 greit time «ii4.IalKMi|- iQiut to ifqiMfid io makiBtg. ea» ctfUteac^ 
 knives, which mibm to lUMMrer moll o£ the piimaMs to vlii)Bh-^«y' 
 haiio ooGiiion toi|pf^them%€ ,. > - < 
 
 irram tfaft dflsi^^oa giv^ to «»t^ Mr* ^iffiiiiinOQ, we feoad 
 that thea^ were the aaifkif feiMpa wh^ hail been «Miii»y^ lltitiiie'A 
 pe^ ; bi»>fw,hadi0vitiiiL|iioiMit^QriMr^i^^ jife^ 
 
 vi^ eomt||Uj^qi^oii« difeitlir 
 
 wo^» ai^fi s^iae light blue beads* Mmnghf'the^Melvea on thin 
 leathern ^veodli ^ 90 ioetrupentr^n* ehop^ngi very nmciiirt*'^ 
 scBsbliiig a cQopcr'« adze, whiisK had evidendy been tttenred^to; it 
 nandlfof faooe for some time fiasi^aiid^ which the>if«li#iit{^ 
 ofs&old%. , 
 
 The short tii^c which we were among them, as weftas the want 
 
 " « 
 
 fMiH^jL 
 
 5iiS*>5R'^?' 
 
m 
 
 which wmBImNnt hkM l*|«wttiM, .cti>illM%«h«liMMig». ttilt. 
 
 fl«fiiMfoi; tht Amt, ip9H0fk0 «t iht Im»4 itlillt^ iMliMlti^ 
 the tet^irofd* m ihoM um^im iN^fiilefB «iiil if iiHr#«8if . 
 At it WM |«i«id«ftd a flMitir^ itttelMi(ii«i»lft iit«tttdil#ht- 
 Iher ihty W|W| linfMdMed #itii fliiHMitii*ai^ dM^^f dMt iilll> 
 
 tfienivttitd ««tttl|r^9tiiidt t^^^ Which it autt 
 
 titi«fie4 lit, tm |hcv;|uiftw.ih«iiii^^ ini- 
 
 9WI1 s|iQ]M»«Qi>^4* llMta4tii^ OiMhttlli iii^r th« tton 
 
 i||HI^»tMt^|ilM%4iBttNiMli|^pt^^ ''''''''. '^':' '-''^ '^'' 
 
 lSp|aag» 1^ <hteir> <Pii < ifi i fci i(| and #haiFi»f«!litti i bttttr cri- 
 «frki% <^^li^MMKt^ of «M^ ihiUrim thM«£lbttm hi llf^ dtfittrt thtt 
 tht iiicaiit4i ti^itielMir Whioh 1tt«T pbttttt we binary J^hiitdiiiit ; 
 liut 0f tbiprtle had moit d&««|.|ira«r,%illi ^(iitliSir^dt tf^holHeB 
 and «eiliii^i«li.«rt iMiiMl^toMfliitf «^^ 
 t»i ^ ipttfih htiiatl^ tt^ Will m da- O h i|fi Mii fe |i ^ idiid; Af^/^ife 
 <«poM4^ tll«t««itrtdiiiKUif|»lhl^foi^ll^^ thUt tKii- 
 
 t|iwhipti^«bottt tMt^tiiile* ahivt 'iMmM on the tMine IHtive^ nhd 
 OUli lh«3K Wert piftif ex«avitecl INM* bulk fMhlg the aei, «nd 
 t|» retf liiiiitif(Nind with stoiitg^ 
 
 V 1P\^e^ tawna MpetMice af ditetfie iitiiii| thif icft^iiMieii p<$Mfdiit 
 wiM> ildii||bited tM^ tciMt, encdjiK that i^ wet dt the old iiitv^fe 
 ^im$m!tmt^^A^i tm a veiy yiitiag iafiiii: lodked |ti|de Md $itXif, 
 lir^mni^hada^l^ teat on dac iljle 4if hit head,«|ikh hte 
 
 lifcj^dlift aad tonveaientet which eaa be^^^rcd itt to ifiidi h 
 state of society. |H dte sktiatton and CirCtitiit^Mices ih #hiCH the 
 Esqvittiftioc of North Greeoliitd are phiced^ there iri ihudh to ex- 
 cite c#i|^iiiffiion for the low st^ta to which huiMiMi ntfSctre a]^t)ear^ 
 to.ht IhMfie reitsCed; a ttate ia ffew tespecti to^ifor to thit of tHo 
 hear o» the sent, which they kin for their st^^tiiicCi l^t, a^ 
 thetei it was iai|iMsibie nOt^^to cAierience a fcsittiig #a thore piletix 
 ittj^kind : thefe^%asaretpeetf<it^«!ce(iC7 ih theit-^hekl behi^l^i|)i»t- 
 W^Ch at Once struck us as veii^ l^flffrent frotn fliat of the othilr 
 OK^tored Esquimtkoa, md ia their |ttrsons there was* less of thi^e 
 ii^lerable filth hy which thete peof^lc are to genersity dittinguisheii; 
 But the saperiority for which tht^y ate the iaostreiharMable h^itSt 
 
 Srfect honesty trhiCh characteHsed all th<^ir dCidiap iliih'i#. 
 tiring the two hours that the laea wei« on bOih'dv and tdt fti^ 
 or five hours that we were subsequently among theA on i^Mij^'Ott 
 both which occasions the ttinptation to iteil fi'oiii at ^slr^ilaps 
 
 fes 
 
 ■f 
 
 l««*fi^«*«*i ?«^*-»»'< -■ 
 

 
 
 '« 
 
 of higb-wtter Hqt day ^S^^^SJ^T^f'^ ^MV «|M 
 up i»e« the i^p^ ««*^% WSHiSa 
 
 ^ *ta4*ei»S c^U*, on mmm ««l. »«,- U«U pr* 
 
 -fe*'^''''-'*^-'*'**'::^!**''^'-' 
 
249 
 
 - .p 
 
 ereu to the touthward. The loundinM coatiauiag m regulir u 
 iTore, we stood in-thore to eleven {athon)t» and put the trawl 
 ovci-board for an hour or two in the afternoon, bringing up a great 
 ^uantit]^ of sca-eggt (EchiniY a few very troall oyitertf and topne 
 marine ineectt, but nothing that could fumieh us with a fresh meal. 
 The net was much broken by the roughness of the bottom* which 
 consisted of verv coarse sand and small stones ; we tried it again 
 in the evening, but with no better success. The weather was at 
 ti>is time remarkably fine and pleasant, and it was impossible for ua 
 not to contrast our present climate with that aninst which we had 
 to contend about the same period of the preceding year. 
 
 In proceeding to the southward on the 9th, we passed a head* 
 land which, like another I have before mentioned, hus exactly the 
 ^ appearance of three islands, when seen from the northward ; a de» 
 ception' occasioned by three small hills near the point, situated 
 upon comparatively low land. Having passed this headland, we 
 discovered immediately to the southward of it a spacious bay o^ 
 inlet, at least' five or six leagues deep in the north-west part of it. 
 The land at the bottom of this bay is high and mountainous, with 
 every appearance of deep water near the shore { hut in proceeding 
 along snore to the southwttrd, it again becomes low next the sea, 
 with hiUs at the back» and rith the same safe and regular sound- 
 ing as before. ;j 
 
 We hove-tb at noon to observe the meridian altitude upon a fiof 
 cf ice, the land being too near to obtaiq^it by the natural horizon. 
 The latitude was 69* 24' 37", and the longitude 6r 05' 43".6, being 
 in thirtytfive fathoms at five or six miles from the land. 'The wa- 
 ter from the bottom was at the temperature of 31% |hat of the sur- 
 face being 3S|*, and of the air 34*. The wind dying away soon 
 after noon, gave us an pppprtunity of trying the current bv a bott 
 moored to the bottom in nineteen fathoms, when it was (bund to 
 be ruiming abmewhat less than a mile an hour in a S.|£. direction. 
 At forty minutes past four P.M., it was again tried in a similar 
 n^iinei;, when It wa» setting to the S.£., at the rate of three-quarters 
 ^ a pile per hour i and at seven o'clock, when we hove-'to near 
 Cape Kater* for the Griper to join us, we found it to be slack wa- 
 ter. We stood off and on during the night, having from thirteen 
 to tven^, fathoms^ water, with the intention of examining the large 
 iqlet which opiens to the southward of Cape Kater. It now be- 
 capne obviqus, that what had been mistaken for banks near Cape 
 Kater on the preceding voyage were, in reality, only the regular 
 shorie soundings* which are in no respect different froin those which 
 occur in the whole space between this inlet and the river Clyde, at 
 the same distailce from the land. These soundinga had appeared 
 to indicate bae^s in 1818, because we came into them from an oflKng 
 of several leagues j whereas, had we been running along shore, aa 
 ui^t^e presem instance, we should have found a simihr depth £ar 
 
 '^ ' ■ ... .1 i ' '' ■. 
 
m\ 
 
 ^Mites to itif m^i^ Wt^ 
 
 the ihouthil of the ilil^ts, i/fhett ^ wiiiter is always VeW 4eep; 
 
 There was « gr^at UkA bf Iddie Ice, ittid many befg^ 0a tlni |Mtrt 
 of tHe toast ; but ire jjid ^6t'ili4^t Vlth the sanUe obsmictidn off 
 Ckpe KflttVaii 6n ttie fo 'doyr^V^ytige. Several yduag black wh^es 
 lihd di st^sil «rere ^^cta in thb tbtfrse of the dky. . 
 
 The yitid beitig freOi a^l^uiiry i^ownthe iiilet, dn the moniliJg 
 of the lOth.'a [>ress 6f stiil Was carried for the pttiiniose of ezamihiog 
 !;t ; but In the '^(^Urse df the fOTenbon we w4tt obliged to clbSt^-reef 
 iHe top8liil«,trAl'sM dii^o^lhe tdnigaUiiityiirdsi We^iMtHlii 
 immense, bwV cMsWded With ^sfeiiTdsVlliiibhv toother With its M- 
 ii^tdiM openings/W6ird i'^iiii^eli consideMilis thnt'io survey them 
 i^ui^t^fy.;*|\j(W^8ii^a%a2*;whi^^ 
 vi^e^teiktiafi26ti, cli^red aiiiy^M'W<i m'^W^iim^mhAm 
 the bay: but Oie'distance at whkh ^e'Wei^^^s^«6o'gtt^tto e^kble 
 us to Wi:^i%ilb '^tisfattitrlly itstll^ioltlte tibdiiihuik ^ttch, intf«ia» 
 ^asthe'i^peai^an^e df t^is n^agnificelitliitet, of Which 'tiie^ldihbf 
 tMi^ntrance is not less than fillteen l^amies, thu tt is hi^iynrbl/abfe 
 4ome otitfet ^ay be fdUnd through ft frqm 0affin^8^{ty Utb the 
 PoUr Seiji t)ie strong westerly wind, and %e ifne^id^n I iHid fc»rai< 
 i6d of e3l|^% Ml ie^ tn a lowtr Mu^/fjtertkiikld^ iiboii^ 
 a^t^rfiid SMt^ inf^Vented any filler ^Ittinitii^iifir^'^is 
 occasion. \^e crossed over, therefore, to the south shot^, Wbei^ 
 #e stc^ ^stnd Ibtt m day.ti^t shdntd eiiiible Us tb t^ot^d to 
 l^iSiMtm* We liaitew, fe ttie'eo&Jsft^o^^c diy;|&<!ir^ 
 if a d«|d#l^e, ^n%h¥ch the fuittftr petrels and:h^^ 
 ft^isg,te|*^atiipJWs. . / "^ > 
 
 lis fe^ Pl^rili^ti^^d bn^^ itmi^^^ti^mdMim 
 
 Itlrmd ioeo tt^m|iilfiCitdbu M^h^ 
 litti^il^ iobl#uci^mr |ist^ to the MAiiird^ittliy^i^ 
 iil^^'#«f1itirkt1iirfe%^i[ki)es^1tefl[d df^s. It iit^^%ir6%Aii|- 
 tidde, $y ^iirVatldtti 68* l^'iW'*; ttid; liato^^ 
 eir'^^^'Vite'tWt^ hundred and se^^ lle'MtottiB^Mddy'bot- 
 toiii. Hne temie^t^re oifihe sea at^if^^i^ <^f^1iiy^y^ 
 Tbrty-siz fkthotos, Wis 34*/tlie'i^uriy^e bUtfr at W^ ^tl|be ilr 
 M\ This eJtferifiient ailfiBri%^fi^ i^^ lite|y 
 
 fiMde aa( to the; compkratl^^ teibpiMiire, we^ti&# agsiin In bti^lkiin- 
 ^d iitid six^-fivc litthoftn^ and fotittd k iiiaittlythe iartr^ iwlie^ 
 jforc. it hftiW be remained flVat,ft>riiachbfihe last tht«e^ ^n^, 
 ^d Ibr th^se only, We Had ibund the: ship b^tiveia^iiieveQ krid^i||t 
 teii^s to the*S^thw6i-d of the redkibfihig. 
 ■ TheWitt«J'^W5%feMeD.i^«*JmyNi1i^a^^ 
 ^11 the in^inl^ 6f tifie t2t^ when-a Hghll^ 
 ihe sdiAh^est, all sail w^iT maa* to wtatt^tife ihe state of the 1^. 
 ^n approaching tfhe flofes, hbw^^r, vire MM -^iiiih* a crttahiitV ^f 
 
 »-'r«^^«A;«glS,«»,,... . 
 
tween 
 
 veiy wj^lf wiSi 1115'^^^^ 
 
 of <wr^e89ii^ Ji|Xi«idabI^# 
 
 on the irrcgttlari||c^ q|F t^e m«w^et^,njp,e<l^ qi^ boa^d (pj; fl6^ta; 
 
 l>ut the young iceceniamed so idugk Biiring the day, i^oXwithat^b^ 
 
 mz ' ■■* '" '' '' 
 
 in 
 
 practic.^ ,^.. , , . . ^_, .,_ , , _. 
 
 purpose;. The compasses now travtrted very" freely, \and'^w 
 
 noaae use pir for the n^l^ose8 'qjf 'navisnatlqn, in th^ ^4M|ary w^^ 
 
 Soon ^fter ten Ipl'B'l.^ the Aiiroria JSoreaiia niade its ajpjpte^^ 
 r am indelbted to CapUiin Sabine ftSr' the folio wing dencriptiqn b^ 
 this phenqn^enqn: ** The Aurm-awas visible^ for upV^aird^ of half 
 an boiir, its ^ppciarance jaeing^conipn^ed withib 
 
 of t|e iieavens, £rqm^^S.£.b.£i to W.b*^** *-^^ #^i^f^|^| fi^l^^^^'^S 
 about I«f. 76* W. Tlie charactpi* of ihis bh<mbi)?ieny^n w!^ peculiar, 
 beipg 4^4fl^**!^^!^'^^ ttipse ^ii|c)i we ^e:^e .ac«;ustome4 ^.sfie 
 ait ll^yipi^I^fi^^ %!* gffianer i^idity %itb^wMf h^ Stpre^ 
 
 |lnd fihilr^ed frqm 0^^^ p^rlt^f t^-e heavfeiQs,iQ su^^^ by ^^^^^^ 
 
 ttnd vividlnessdf tne colioutv, b<^th of rc(l and gi^jeep, ji^ttu ^hich t^ 
 corai^caUpas ^er<p t|nt(;d; sand by it^ 9t*e^tti<^rs bp^iWUp^^ 
 c^pectcf^Iy fn jpl^ces^)^^ pt>m;ure, and e^liendipg in^inejrendy 
 
 downward' 9s i^^eU to^^wW^s. The letter di^t^metioh was co|>> 
 trasted with .'the^ f^ibre tisuu jijliwa^nipe of rays streaming towards 
 ^e a^eniibf frqm'^ ^(rh of laii&Say jbnUiaint hgjtit* An Aiiroira of 
 slmili^r appBanance' Was Observed in ihe Atlanuc during the retii^rn 
 ibt tlie l8a1?c|L^^m October 1818, frbj^ to Sh^dand. 
 
 Tib.e pecuIiariMes ipf 'the present phel|&p|nen<m were more marked 
 in ihe commenceiiifBnt than towards t|)is coiM:lusion qf its appear- 
 
 ance. 
 
 Qn thf 13th| wrhich was nearly calm, the bay-ice hid so much 
 increased in tluckness ^at tHe Ilecift ccuid not be moved throngH 
 it, with the assistance of the boaj^, tifP of which Vi(ttc rendered 
 unserviceable by the ic¥ cutting thbfr planks. 
 
 On the 14>tht having been set at liberty from the bay-ice by a 
 breeze springing up, I deternained tb tjcpupy no ihore tilne ifi Ihe 
 endeavour to get Immediately along shore to the soijith-east, .whe|» 
 the ohstrii^ptions remninefTas 6ef(M-e, but io run baci; a ahpfjl^ dis- 
 tance alongf the ice to the northWard, in order to endeavour to get 
 round it it possible, and then- to stretch in again towards the lahd. 
 ^he ice h^d closed 90 aUch aU round us, however, that We had 
 
 \ ,1 
 
 \ 
 
 
r" P"^ 
 
 i'|j||»«i"l"ii»,jiii 
 
 {■ 
 
 
 SI52 
 
 sbmeiSlliliutfy Itn diil!ng a'pansige out' oit bur present cbrinnei^ ili* 
 tuation, which we at length effected before noun, passing by a chain 
 of ice-bergs which were found to be aground in thitty-five to fifty 
 . fathoms, and which extending four or five leagues (irom the shore, 
 sufficiently account for the obstruction offered by the floes in this 
 place. 
 
 - The temperature of the water at the bottom in thirty-five fathoms 
 was 3l|% on the surface 32% that of the air being 34". A small 
 fish, apparently of the whiting kind, was seen upon a piece of ice, 
 and a great many black whales were n^ar us in the course of this 
 and the preceding day. 
 
 The extraordinary fine and clear weather which we experienced 
 . in the first fortnight of September is a circumstance worthy of re- 
 mark: during that period, we had very little snow, and not one 
 t whole day's foggy weather. The fog was, perhaps, in some mea- 
 sure, avoided by keeping close in shore, as we occasionally perceiv- 
 ed fog-banks in the offing, while we were enjoying clear weather 
 near the land. 
 
 In attempting to sail to the eastward^ on the 15th, we found the ice 
 become more and more close, and a fog with sleet coming on oblig- 
 ed me to make the ships fast to a floe of considerable extent, and five 
 or six feet in thickness, being in latitude, by account, 68* 24' 18", 
 and longitude 63* 32' 42". We had here no bottom with six bun* 
 •V dred and ten fathoms of line; the temparature of the sea at one 
 liundred and seventy fathoms was 30|% that of the surface being 
 ; the same, and of the air 31*. 
 
 As the sun was occasionally visible, notwithstanding the fog, a 
 set of observations was begun for ascertaining the variation of the 
 .magnetic needle on board the Hecla ; but these could with diffici;il- 
 ty be obtained on ten points of, the compass, after which the buQ 
 became again obscured. The thermometer fell to 23* at night, 
 which was lower than we had before experienced it in the course 
 of this month, and the fog froze hard upon the rigeing. 
 
 The fog continued so thick on the 16th, as to oblige us to keep 
 , the ships fast to the floe. In the aft(;moon the deep-sea clamms 
 Were sent down to the bottom with two thousand and ten fathoms 
 cf line, which were fifty-eight minutes in running out, during 
 'which time no perceptible check could be observed, nor even any 
 alteration in the velocity wit)) which the Ut\e ran out. In hauling 
 it in again, however, which occupied both ships' companies above 
 an hour and a half, we found such a quantity of the line covered 
 with mud as to prove that th^ whole depth of water was only eight 
 hundred and nine fathoms, the rest of the line having continued to ^ 
 run outby its own weight, after the instrument hadstruck vhe ground. 
 I have before had occasion to remark that, on this account, it is not 
 easy to ascertain the actual depth of the sea in the usual manner, 
 when it exceeds five or six hundred fathoms. A self-registering 
 
 '^mmm. 
 
 iSi*****'-- 
 
nfined fii- 
 >y a chain 
 vc to fifty 
 the shore, 
 «s in this 
 
 e fathoms 
 A small 
 
 ice of ice, 
 of this 
 
 perienced 
 hy of re- 
 not one 
 ome mea- 
 j' perceiv- 
 ' weather 
 
 nd the ice 
 ; on oblig. 
 t, and five 
 ' 24' 18", 
 six hun- 
 |ea at one 
 face beiii^ 
 
 he fog, a 
 ion of the 
 h diflSc^l- 
 h the Bun 
 at night, 
 le course 
 
 s to keep 
 i clamms 
 
 fathoms 
 f during 
 even any 
 I hauling 
 es above 
 
 covered 
 nly eight 
 tinued to 
 
 ground. 
 I it is not 
 manner, 
 pstering 
 
 2if3 
 
 thermometer, w^icli remained at the fe'ottottf for'two tibiirs and 
 three-quarters, indicated a temperature of 27**, that of the surface 
 being 31% and of the air 34% Some cubes of wood, whose sides 
 measured two inches, were also attached to the clamms, in order 
 to try what increase of weight each kind would acquire by the 
 pressure of the water at a great depth i the result, as ascertained 
 by Mr. Edwards, is shewn in the following table : — 
 
 .*. 
 
 
 Original 
 weight in 
 
 Weight on 
 coming to 
 
 Inerease 
 of 
 
 Weight 
 thref> noun 
 
 DeoreMe 
 inthow 
 
 
 gi'aiM. 
 
 the lurfaee 
 
 weight 
 
 •fterwardi. 1 three boonl 
 
 Ash 
 
 1425 
 
 2324 
 
 899 
 
 2291 
 
 33 
 
 Fir 
 
 863 
 
 2112 
 
 1249 
 
 1964 
 
 148 
 
 Oak 
 
 1421 
 
 2252 
 
 831 
 
 2201 
 
 51 
 
 Elm 
 
 1220 
 
 2299 
 
 1079 
 
 2£01 
 
 98 
 
 The wind shifting to the south* west on the morning of the 1 7th» 
 we were nearly beset by the loose lot closing upon us., *he ships 
 beirtg now on the windward side of tl «- floe. After four hours* la- 
 bour we succeeded in getting rlc;;*^, atv ^ inade sail among loose ice 
 to the south-east. This course, howr /. : <■ , wi were not able to con- 
 tinue long, as the ice led us, in tht r.ourse of the day, considerably 
 to the northward ; and, in the uveu:n^« an iceberg was selected, out 
 of the numerous ones in sight, V: which the s'a.ps w^re made fast 
 before dark, it being impossible to keep ikliem utider-way during 
 the night. We were not sorry to 'ind sotne swd? affecting the 
 ships, such as we had not before experienced for more than twelve 
 •months, aflfording an indication of an open sea at no great distance 
 
 ' from us. The Ibose and heavy pieces of ice which drifted-in un« 
 der the lee of the berg, and on vhich the ships occasionally struck 
 with some force, kept the people constantly employed during the 
 night, in veering and heaving in lo avoid coming in contact with 
 
 4 them. Some bears were heard growling upon the berg, and some 
 
 f seals, ivory-gulls, and little auks, the latter i.n ^rnall flocks, were 
 
 ^^ seen in the course of the day. 
 
 On the 18th, the weather continued too foggy to move the ships 
 in the forenoon. We tried for soundings with eight hundred and 
 ninety-seven. fathoms of Ime, without finding bottoru ; our latitude, 
 by account, being 68° 24' 03" ; longitude 63" 08' 12". The tem- 
 perature of the sea at the de^th of three hundred and eighteen 
 fathoms, was 30°, that of the surface being the same, and of the 
 air 29°. 
 
 * The instrument with which (his experiment was made had been a good deal oied for (he 
 nme purpose, and did not, peibaps, indicate tb« temperature with very great accoraoy. 
 
mmm 
 
 ■WW 
 
 '(■-* 
 
 I - 
 
 % Soon lifter nooD^ the weather being somewhat less foggy, we cast 
 off an4 ii44de a^il to Uie eastward. The ice here consisted general- 
 ly of loose bi^t heavy pieces, amnng which there was scarcely room 
 to s^il, and here and there a floe which obliged us to make several 
 t^^ks* We ^SQ ^^jis^d several square pieces of floe-ice, %vhich had 
 evidently been c^t 9UiJ( of a dock by some of the whalers in the 
 course of the present season. The ships were secured to a berg 
 at six P.M.y and the wind having freshened up to a gale from the 
 N.WJ>.N., with some swell, we were much annoyed during the 
 night by the ice whiph drifted under the lee of it, and on which the 
 ships were constantly striking with a heavy shock., such as no others 
 could long hs^ve withstood. This danger is avoided by ships lying 
 very close under the lee of a bergf but a much greater is thereby 
 Incurred fro^n the risjc of the berg's upsetting ; a circumstance 
 which is always to be apprehended in a swell* and which must be 
 attended with certain destruction to a ship moored very near to it. 
 
 ^t day-light on the 19th, we cast oiF from' the berg, and occu- 
 pied the whole of the day in unsuccessful attempts to get through 
 the ice in to the land, of which we could only obtain a very distant 
 glimpse, bearing from S. 24° W. to S. 69° W. By hauling to the 
 Dorth-ea4tward, we got iiito sufficiently clear water to enable me to 
 lieep the ships under wey during the night ; but, the wind falling 
 light, great attention was requifite in avoiding the ice-bsrgSt which 
 were numerous, and of large dimensions. 
 
 The weather was so thick with snow on the 20th, that we could 
 make no progress. At noon, being in latitude 68° 12' 11", and 
 longitude 60° sp' 19", no soundings could be obtained n^th seven 
 hutidred and seventy fathoms of line. The temperature of the sea, 
 at the depth of threie hundred and eighteen fathoms, was 33°, that 
 of the surface being 33% and of the air 31 i°. On the following 
 day we soanded in two hundred fathoms, on a bottom of very fine 
 sand and broken shells, and found the temperature of some water 
 brought up from that depth in Dr. Marcet's bottle, to be 33i' ; 
 that of the air at the same time was 30°, and of the surface-water 
 34 1°, being the warmest we had observed for a considerable time. 
 ' On the 23d, having run to the southward nearly as far as the laU- 
 tude of Mount Haleigh, without being able to approach the land, 
 the trending of the ice flattered us for some time with the hope of 
 getting in with the coast ; but at two P.M. we came to a compact 
 and impenetrable body of it» over which we could not see any clear 
 water from the mast-head, and which obliged us to haul ofl* to the 
 south-eastward. 
 
 On the 24th and 25th we continued our progress to the south- 
 ward, but without any better success in approaching, or even get- 
 ting sight of, the land ; the ice being as close and compact as when 
 we sailed along the margin of it in July of the preceding year. 
 Soon after noon on the ISilth, we crossed the Araic Circle, having 
 
 ■■■■• ,.-'i "^ --•;:•(;'.■ i':;v v^i-r.'-'w: :i'> ■>■'•, ..^' ■<■ . f\ *V',. ■ ■'■'>,'■:■ 
 
 '^. 
 
 
25S 
 
 been within it fbi»fte»i months and three vfMki ; And iK ndon dn 
 the 25th had reached the latitude of 66* 13' 14", being two miles 
 and three-quarters to the southward Of the dead reckoning, Irhich 
 difference had occurred on each of the twelve precedltig days. 
 
 On the morning of the 26th we again stood to the westWiurd as 
 miich as the ice would allow, btit were soon obliged by itio keep 
 away to the southward, precluding every hope of making the tend 
 on that part of the coast which it would have bieen most ittteretiting 
 to have explored. At noon we were in latitude 65° 41' 09", and 
 lon^tude, by chronometer, 59° 09' 54". In the afternoon, after 
 various attempts to get to the westward, appearances beeame morfc 
 unpi^mising than ever, the packed ice extending from N.b^E. round 
 to S.W. There Were, indeed, parts of this ice which, with con- 
 stant day-light, a ship might have entered with some probability 
 of success ; but, with twelve hours' night, the attempt must have 
 been attended with a degree of risk, which nothing but a very im- 
 portant object could justify. The wind had now freshened up 
 from the N.N. W., -and the mercury in the barometer fell with un- 
 usual rapidity, with every other appelarance of sin appiioaching gAle. 
 I was, therefore, under the necessity of admitting the conclusion 
 that, under existing circumstr;inces,the season WM now too far ad- 
 vanced, and the state of the ice too unfiEivoumble to allow of any 
 further examination of the contc ; and I determined, therefore, to 
 make' the best of my way to England. The boats Were according- 
 '; hoisted in, and the ships made snug, while in smooth waiter, un- 
 der the lee of the ice, and a course was then* shaped to Ae £.S.'£., 
 in order to ditain an. offing, before we bore- away to the souttt- 
 ward. 
 
 , ifavirg now finally taken leave of the ice, it may be 'proper to 
 offibr a few brief remarks tis to the probable existence and accom- 
 plishment of a North- West Passage into the Pacific Ocean. Of 
 the existfente of such a passage, and that the outlet will be found 
 at Behring's Strait^ it is scarcely possible, on an inspection of the 
 map, with the addition 6f our late discoveries, and in conjunction 
 with those of Ccofc" and Mackenzie,^ any longer to entertain a rea- 
 sonable doubt. In discovering one outlet from Baffin's^ Bay i^to 
 the Polar Sea, and |[ind4ng that sea studded with numerous islands, 
 another link has at least been added to the chain of eviuence upon 
 which geographers have long ventured to delineate the northern 
 coast 6f America, by a dotted line from Icy Cape westward, to the 
 rivers of Mackenzie, arid Hearne, arid thence to the known part 
 of the coast to the north of Httdafbn's Bay, in the nei^bcurhood 
 of Wager Biver ; while, at the same time, considerable progress 
 has heen made towards the actual accomplishment of the dedired 
 
mUMMMI 
 
 •MM 
 
 ■W " ■■■ ■ ■ " »■■ 
 
 » .w i n ig i i wm i I . ll g ^^^^pn^pj|pB|[p^^^»^ 
 
 n 
 
 «"■. 
 
 p I 
 
 ♦(■ 
 
 256 
 
 passage, which has for nearly three centuries engaged the atten- 
 tion of the maritime fiatipns of Europe. 
 
 The success which attended our efforts during the season of 
 1819, alTter passing through Sir James Lancaster's Sound, was 
 such as to inspire even the least sanguine among us with a reason- 
 able hope of the complete accomplishment of our enterprise, before 
 the . close of the next season. In entertaining such a liope» however, 
 we had not rightly calculated on the seventy of the climate with 
 which we had to contend,' and on the consequent shortness of the 
 season, (not exceeding seven weeks), in which it is possible to per- 
 form the navigation of that part of the Polar Sen, Although it 
 must be admitted, that there is something pf uiiar about the south- 
 west end of Melville Islanci , extremely uoiitvourable to navigation, 
 yet it is also certain that the obstnjxtions we met with from ice, 
 both as to its thickness and extent, were found generally to in- 
 crease, as we proceeded westward, after passing through Barrow^a 
 Strait. That we should find this to be the case, might perhaps 
 have been reasonably antitpipajted, because the proximity to a per- 
 manently open sea appears to be the circumstance which, of all 
 others, tends the most to temper the severity of the Polar regions^ 
 ip any given parallel of latitude. On this account I should always 
 expect to meet with the most serious impediments about mid-way, 
 betvkeen Uie Atlantic and Pacific Oceans ; and having once passed 
 that barrier, I should as confidently hope to find the difficulties 
 lessen in proportion as we advanced towards the latter sea; espe- 
 cially as it is welt known, that the climate of any given parallel ou 
 that side of America is, no matter from what cause, very many 
 den'ees more te3per>!.te. than on the eastern coast. 
 
 But,.althouga t is evident, that climate does not wholly depend 
 on latitude, buv on other circumstances also, (principally, pemaps, 
 those of locality above mentioned,) yet it can scarcely be doubted 
 that, on any meridian to the north of America, for instance, 114* 
 west Inhere we were stopped,, the general climate would be found 
 apmewhatbett i, ^.^d the navigable season longer, in the latitude 
 ofW than in that of 7S' near which we wintered. For this rea- 
 son, it would perhaps be desirable, that ships endeavouring to reach 
 the Pacific by this route, should keep, if possible, on the coast of 
 America, and the lower in latitude that coast may be found, the 
 more favourable will it prove for this purpose. 
 
 Our experience, I tbmk, has clearly shewn that the navigation 
 of the Polat Seas can never be performed with any degree of cer- 
 tainty, without a continuity of land. It was only by watching the 
 occasional openings between the ice and the shore, that our late 
 progress to the westward was effected ; ^v ?d had the land continued 
 in the desired direction, there can be no question that we should 
 have continued to advance, however slowly, towards the comple- 
 tion of ^jtfr enterprise. In thi^ re^«^^ therefftjre, Ji» well as in 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^bbi^^^i&Bs^ 
 
 ^^^^>:;5 
 
257 
 
 I the atteo" 
 
 Kiiilm-". 
 
 I navigatiiMi, 
 h from ice, 
 ;rally to in- 
 gh Barrow** 
 ight perhaps 
 lity to a per- 
 hich» of aU 
 alar regionsy 
 lould always 
 ut mid-way, 
 once passed 
 e difficulties 
 r sea; espe- 
 n parallel ou 
 !, very many 
 
 holly depend 
 dly, pemaps, 
 ]f be doubted 
 Dstance, 114* 
 kid be found 
 
 the latitude 
 'or this rea- 
 iring to reach 
 
 the coast of 
 e found, the 
 
 he navigation 
 egree of cer- 
 watching the 
 that our late 
 ind continued 
 tat we should 
 s the comple- 
 as well as in 
 
 ^e improvement to be «spected in CKe climate, tKeri would ht a 
 manifest advantage in makmg the attempt on the coast of America* 
 where we are sure that the land will not fail us. The probibiliQr 
 of obtaining occasional supplies of wood, game» and tnti-scorbutic 
 plants ; the chance of being enabled to send information by means 
 of the natives { and the comparative facility with which ue lives 
 of the people might be saved, in case of serious and irreparable ac- 
 cidents happening to the ships, are also important considerations, 
 which naturally serve to recommend this route. Should the sea 
 on the coast of Aiacrica be found moderately deep, and shelving 
 towards the shore, (which, from the geological character of the 
 known parts of the continent to the south, and of the Georgim 
 Islands to the north, there is reason to believe would be the case 
 for a considerable distance to the westward), the facility of navi- 
 gation would be much increased, on account of the grounding of 
 the heavy masses of ice in water sufficiently deep to alU>w the ships 
 to take shelter behind thetn, at siich time as the floes ck»e in iqion 
 the land. Farther to the westward, where the primitive formation, 
 and perhapf even a continuation of the Rocky Mountains, is to be 
 expected, a steep and precipitous shore would probity occur* a 
 circumstance which the foregoing^ narrative has shewn to be at- 
 tended with much comparative uncertainty and risk. 
 
 The question which naturally arises, in the next place, relates 
 to the most likely means of getting to the coast of America^ so aa 
 to sail along its shores. It would, in this resiiect, be desiraUe to 
 find an outlet from the Atlantic into the Polu- Sea, as nearly aa 
 possible in the parallel of latitude in which the nortiiem coast of 
 America may be supposed to lie j as, however, we do not know 
 of any such outlet from Baffin's Bay, about the parallels of 69° to 
 70% the attempt is, perhaps, to be made with better chance of suc- 
 cess in a still lower latitude, especially as there is a considerable 
 portion of coast that may reasonably be supposed to offer the de- 
 sired communication, which yet remains unexplored. Cumberland 
 Strait, the passage called Sir Thomas Rowe's Welcome, lying be- 
 tween Southav'Apton Island and the coast of America, and Re- 
 pulse Bay, appear to be the points most worthy of attention : airf, 
 considering the state of uncertainty in which the attempts of for- 
 mer navigators have left us, with regard to the extent and com- 
 municatipn of these openings, one cannot but entertain a reasona- 
 ble hope, that one, or perhaps eich of them, may afford a practica- 
 ble passage into the Polar Sea. 
 
 So little indeed is known of the whole of the northern shore of 
 Hudson's StT»it, which appears, from the best information, to con- 
 sist chif f*f cf inlands, that the geography of that part of the World 
 ma' tw. fioR-iiicred altogether undetermined ; so that an expedition 
 wU :h sho'jiid be s^nt to examine those parts, would soon arrive 
 apoa ground never before visited, and in which, from an inspection 
 
 ( 
 
 ^■y^j^^WF^mWwni^^'WW^ 
 

 'flBr- 
 
 'V- 
 
 \ . ( 
 
 of the map in its present state, there certainly does seem mote 
 than an equal chance of finding the desired passage, it must be 
 lidmitted, however, that any notions we may form upon this ^es- 
 tion', amount after all to no more than conjecture. As far as re- 
 gards tHe discovery of another outlet into the Polar Sea, to the 
 southward of Sir James Lancaster's Soundvit is evident that the 
 enterprise is to be begun again { and we should be cautious, there- 
 fore, m entertaining too sanguine a hope of finding such a passage, 
 the existence of which is still nearly as uncertain as it was two 
 hundred years ago, and which possibly may not exist at all. 
 
 In the course of the foregomg narrative^ it may have been re- 
 marked, that the westerly and north-westerly winds were always 
 found to produce the effect of clearing the southern shores of the 
 North Gebrgian islands of ice, while they always lirought with 
 ^hem clear weather, which is euentially necessary ii^ prosecuting 
 discoveries in such a navigation. This circumstance, together 
 with the fact of our having sailed back in six days from the meri- 
 dian of Winter Harbour to the entrance of Sir James' Lancastei^s 
 Sound, a distance which it required five weeks to traverse when 
 going in die opposite direction, seems to offer a reasonable ground 
 t(>r concluding, that an attempt to effect the north-west passage 
 miffht be matte, with a better chance of success, from Behring's 
 Stme, 4han frbm this side of America. Ttiere are some circum- 
 'Btaiices, however, which, in my opinion, render this mode of pro- 
 ceeding altogether Impracticable, at least for British ships. The 
 jpriricipal of these arises from the length of the voyage which must 
 %st be performed, in order to arrive at the point where the work 
 is t^ be begun. After such a voyage, admitting that no serious 
 wear' ahd tear have been experienced, the most important part of 
 a ship^s resources, namely, the provisions and fuel, must be very 
 matertally reduced, and this without the possibility of renewing 
 them to the extent necessary for such a service, and which can 
 alone give confidence in the performance of an enterprise of which 
 the natiire is so precarious and uncertain. 
 
 V ;Nor should it be forgotten how injurious to the health of the 
 ^irs, so sudden and extreme a change of climate would in all 
 'pr6Babili(y prove, as thbt which they must necessarily experience 
 in going at once from the heat of the torrid zone into the intense 
 cold of a long winter upon the northern shores of America. Upon 
 the whole, therefore, I cannot but consider that any expedition, 
 equipped by Great Britain with this view, will act with greater 
 advantage, by at once employing its best energies in the attempt 
 •to penetrate from the eastern coast of America along its northern 
 shore. 
 
 Whatever may be the result of any future attempt to decide this 
 great geographical question, experience has shewn that, indepen- 
 dently of any benefit which science may derive from such attempts, 
 
 ^M. „^. 
 
 
 l^wB^jjtt^^^^ ^i'a,Sjia ^s j&)^--^'^&l'_ 
 
fi59 
 
 thoie already made have not been altogether without their use 
 also in a commercial point of view. Previously to 'the return of 
 the Expedition of 1818 from Baffin's Bay, the whale-fishery in that 
 sea was almost entirely confined, during the best part of the sum- 
 mer-seuson, to the eastern or Greenland shores, where at no very 
 distant period, the number of whales was found sufficient to afford 
 abundant employment for the numerous fleet of ships which are 
 annually employedi in this trade. For some years past, however, 
 it has been observed, that it requires a much greater share of ex- 
 ertion than formerly, to procure the same supply of whales, these 
 animals having been scared from South-East and North-East Bays, 
 and the other southeiii parts of the coast of Greenland, which only 
 a few years ago were considered a sure and abundant fishery, and 
 retired to the northern and western parts of Baffin's Bay, where 
 they have hitherto been but little molested. Such, indeed, is the 
 general want of success on the old ground, that it is a common 
 complaint among our whalers, that this fishery appears to be well 
 nigh worn out. Above forty sail of ships accompanied the Expe- 
 dition of 1818 up the coast of Greenland, nearly as high as the lati- 
 tude of 76", where the whales were found to be so abundant, as 
 amply to repay the labour and exertions, by which our fishermen 
 had succeeded in penetrating thus far through more than ordinary 
 obstructions from ice. Encouraged by this success* and by the 
 knowledge of our having subsequently crossed to the western coast 
 of Baffin's Bay without much difficiUty, the fthalers began to ex- 
 tend their views beyond what had formeriy been considered the 
 utmost limits of. the fishery, and accordingly in 1819, succeeded in 
 penetrating the barrier of ice which occupies the centre of Baffin's 
 Bay, and for tlie first time sailed over into Sir James Lancaster's 
 Sound, and some of the other bays and inlets upon the same oast. 
 In the course of that year's navigation, no less ihan fourteen ship^ 
 were wrecked among the ice, but fortunately only one or two 
 lives were lost. Not discouraged, however, by this disaster, tlie 
 enterprising spiiit of our fishermen led them, again, in 18S0, to 
 make the attempt to range over the whole of the northern and 
 western part of the bay in quest of whales. Such was the well- 
 earned success which attended their efforts, that, in the course of 
 tbat season, scarcely a nook or corner of this extensive bay remain- 
 ed unvisited by them. Mr. Bell in the Friendship, of Hull, whom 
 I have before had occasion to mention, ^nd one or two other of the 
 ships sailed up to its very northernmost limits, entered Whale 
 Sound, and were close off the entrance of Sir Thomas Smith's 
 Sound ; an exploit which has never before been performed since 
 Baffin first discovered these inlets, above two hundred years ago. 
 It has been seen, in the course of the foregoing narrative, in what 
 situation we met with several of the ships on our return down the 
 western coast in the autumn of 1820. The success which they met 
 
 ssSSSMSi^ 
 
 
S60 
 
 H 
 
 ■ % 
 
 with on this oceiaioa wm such u has seldom occurred in the 
 Davis' Stritit fishery on any former season ; and thus has a new 
 and extensive field been opened for one of the most lucrative 
 branches oJFour commerce, and what is of scarcely less importance, 
 one of the most valuable nurseries for seamen which Great Britain 
 possesses. Nothing, indeed, can exceed the bold and enterprising 
 spirit displayed by our fishermen in the capture of the whale. At 
 whatever time of niriit or day, a whale is announced by the look* 
 oat man in the crowVneat, the men instantly jump into the boats* 
 frequently with their cloathes in their hand, and with an alacrity 
 scarcely equalled even in the most highly^isciplined fleet, push 
 on in pursuit of the whale, regardless of cold and wet, and hunger, 
 for hours, and someUmes days together. Nor is it solely on oc- 
 casions where their immediate interest U concerned, that this acti- 
 vity is displayed by them. It happened, on the voyage of 1818t 
 that in (pdeavouring to pass between the land and a body of ice 
 which -WAS rapidly closing the shore, the Alexander, then under 
 r.iy tiommuiid, touched the ground just at the critical moment when 
 it was necessary to push through the narrow and uncertain passage. 
 It being oearly calm, the boats were sent a-head to tow, but the 
 little way which they could give the ship was not sufficient to have 
 rescued us in time from the approaching danger, and nothing less 
 than the wreck of the ship was every moment to be expected. Se- 
 veral sail of whalers were following astern ; but seeing the danger- 
 ous situation in whi^tfi the Alexander was placed, and the impossi- 
 bility of getting through themselves, they instantly put about into 
 the clear water Which we had just left, and, before we had time to 
 ask for assistance, no less than fourteen boats, many of them with 
 the masters of the ships themselves attending in them, pkiced them* 
 selves promptly a-head of the Alexander^ and by dint of the greaC- 
 eat exertion towed her ofl* into clear water, at the rate of three or 
 four miles an hour, not one minute too soon to prevent the catas- 
 tr(»^e we ^d anticipated. 
 
 The opening of a new whale-fishery on the western coast of 
 Baffin's Bay, which constitutes an important era in the history of 
 that trade, and for which the country is indebted to the researches 
 of the expedition of 1818, under the command of Captain Rossj 
 will, perhaps, render expedient a new mode of proceeding in the 
 annual visits of our ships to this part of the Polar regions. It has 
 hitherto been customary for a certain number of those intended 
 for the Davi»'' Strait fishery, to or'^upy the early part of the season 
 in what is called ** the south- we' hich is that part of the sea 
 
 immediately to the eastward o )lution Island, and i» that 
 
 neighbourhood. The ships frequently appear on this ground as 
 early as the fint of April, when the nights are long, the weather 
 cxtrerviely cold and inclement, and with a heavy sea oecasionally 
 ioUittg in upon them from the Atlantic, making this, perhaps^upon 
 
 ■ II imf^'*^'*^ 
 
 '^M:::. 
 
th« whole, the most teyere fishery which is any where used by our 
 whalers. They generally remain upon this coast, as near as the 
 ice will permir them, till about the Hrst er second week in June, 
 not without considerable wear and ir to the ships, and the laoit 
 harassing fatigue to the men, but nti with a proportionate de* 
 
 gree of succeus to repay their toil itter this, they strike over It 
 the eastern or Greenland side, and prosecute the fishery on that 
 coast in the usual way. I cannot but consider, that this «< south- 
 west" fishery might now be advanugeously dispensed with alt»> 
 ffether, and the expense of wages, provisions, and went and tear» 
 for the months of April, May, and June, entirely saired to the 
 owners, or employed m some more beneficial manner. By enter- 
 ing Davis' Strait no earlier than the first week in July, I feel con- 
 fident, that a ship may ensure a ** payable'* cargo of fish before the 
 end of the season, without incurring half the antiety or risk which 
 must always attend the navigation of that sea at an earlier period 
 of the season. By dbtng this, a ship may, as I have before had oc* 
 easion to remark, perhaps, reach the latitude of 73* or 74°, about 
 the 20th or 25th oi July, with very little obstruction from ice. In 
 the course of this passage^ it is, indeed, more than probable, that 
 not a single whale will be met with, even though the ship should 
 keep the whole way along the eastern margin of the ice. Not dis- 
 couraged, however, by this circumstance, let her, on her arrival 
 about the parallel of 73% bol^ enter the ice wherever it seems the 
 most promising for getting Uirouf^ it to the western coast. lu 
 ado).'ting this measure, there is doubtless much risk to encounter, 
 but not more than in pushing on to the northward into Prince Re^ 
 gent*i Buy, where, from the peculiar conformation of the land* 
 which is extremely (avouraUe for die retention of the ice^ a serious 
 obstruction may always be expected. 
 
 In effecting a passage through the central barrier of ice in Baf^ 
 fin's Bay^ it is possible that one, two, or in some seasons, even three 
 weeks may be occupied ; while in others, as in the year 1820, no> 
 thing but « sailing ice** may l>e found in a high latitude, through 
 which a ship makes her way without difficulty. Having once efo 
 fected this passage, however, there will, I apprehend, be stiU more 
 than sufficient time for the accomplishment of their object, except 
 in very unfavourable seasons, for we have Uie experience of three 
 following years for asserting that an open sea will be found at that 
 period to the westward, while the number of whales which we met 
 with on that side of the bay seems likely to ensure to them, at least 
 for some time to come, an easy and abundant fishery. For this 
 purpose, however, the ships should be directed not to be in a hurry 
 to leave the coast until the latter end of September, that month bet- 
 ing by far the best in the year for the navigation of Davis' Strait 
 and Baffin's Bay, and consequendy affording greater facility, 
 «isd much less risk, in the capture of whales. The apprehension 
 
 ( i 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (AAT-3) 
 
 
 
 «^ 
 
 LO 
 
 1^128 I Z5 
 
 150 ""^^ MlaiB 
 
 ■^ Kii 12.2 
 
 HmBB 
 
 £ lU 
 
 I.I 1.*^ 11^ 
 
 
 1-25 1 1.4 1.6 
 
 
 « 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 m 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 <^>. 
 
 ;\ 
 
 «- 
 
 "<<^J% 
 
 '<^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 4^ 
 
.li^iiualfKk' 
 
 *J WJff3|dV''"J 
 
 262 
 
 which has,.I beUeve, been entertained by some of the ship-owncri, 
 of their veueU being caught in the ice, so n to prevent their re- 
 turn, in consequence of remaining too late, is, as far as I have 
 httd an opportunity of judmng, altogether withput foundation, un<p 
 less their stay be extended considenibly beyond the penod I have 
 mrationed. 
 
 How far the plan suggested above may be c^sidered advan- 
 tageous* as regjuds a late or an tarly market fpr Uie oil, or whether 
 more profit may be esqpectedby employing the i^ips in making a 
 Baltic voyi^, as is sometimes the case, after that from Davis.* 
 Strait is completed, than is lifkely tOiretmilt from a full cargo.c^ 
 blubber at the end of the season, are circumstances of which I «m 
 not competent to, form a judgment* and which must be left to ^ 
 consideration of the ship-owners themselveiK IshaUonlji, there- 
 fore* add on this sujlyect, that it has been suggested to me by one 
 of those gentlemen, Uiat f^ ship might, perhaps, be employed to gFfiBt 
 adyantage* by -occupying the early part of the season (till the mid? 
 die of June, for instance,), at Spitzbergen, and then nuu^ing down 
 into Davis* Strain to complete her fishery in;the way I have pro- 
 p<»ed» 
 
 ] 
 
 V 
 
 On the 27tfa of September we ran to the southward, and eastwardl 
 with a fresh and favourable breeze, and without meeting with ai^ 
 
 ice after leavin^pitamainbody, except one or two- icebergs, and? n 
 few stnigg^ing pieces which, however, make it necessary to be vei^ 
 cautious in running at night* especii^y when there is any sea^ tfa« 
 breaking of which cannot easily be distinguished from a maMof 
 ice* On some occasions, therefore,. it was necessaiy to heave-tp 
 for a few hours at night, a precaution which I should always re- 
 commend in the latter part of the season* till a ship has passed 
 well to the eastward of Cape Farewell* It is remarked by the 
 whalers, that they usutUyhavii a gale of wind to encounter otthip 
 h^dland in returning hoase from their fidhery* which has also oc- 
 curred on the two occasions on which I have;passed it at this set- 
 son. On the 30th of Septembei^ in the evening, there was every 
 appearance of unfavoun^ weather, and the ships were made snug 
 before dark. Soon after this, a gale came on from the npfthww^ 
 and westward* which continued ta blow lutfd, with Uttie intermis- 
 aion, during the ist and 3d of October. The fall of the ; mercury 
 in the barometer was, on this occasion^ very gradual* and acaiici^y 
 such, perhaps^ as tobe conHidered a Isir warning of an ap|>roacbing 
 
 Sde, being only fr«m 39ii49 at noon on the 30th, to S9.38 at ^ix 
 .M., and 39.31 at midn^ht. On the morning of the 8d, U. Imd 
 fallen to 28.66* at which time the g^ had been blowing hard , fiof 
 nmre than twen^-four boors. The wind had somewhat moden(ti4 
 
2{63 
 
 liUie Sd, when the barometer hid lUleB m loir at 99.14b In the 
 fplt which we experienced off Cape Farewell in 1818, the baro- 
 meter was also much lower for two days after it had ceased' to 
 blow than while it lasted. Daring the timJe that we were in Hie 
 PoUr Sea, and especially while we were frozen op in Winter IIar>* 
 boor, we also remarked that a gfde Was accompanied, rather than 
 preceded, by a fall of ^ mercury in the barometer ; in moderate 
 weather, it almost invariably ros^ with northerly and westerly 
 Winds, and fell with those >froaoi the sooth and eait. 
 ^/•Oh the 2d of October, 4n Nodding before the wind, under the 
 main-top-sail» a heavyrieh^ struck the Hdcla on the larboard !qila»» 
 ter, rendering it nefcessary to press her forward under more oai^ 
 vas, by which we losfc si^t of the Griper in ^he coortte of the 
 morning. As soon ai the weather m^vderated, we hove-to for het ; 
 but, as she did not Inake h^ i^ppiarance, hating, ifcs we aftenKavdii 
 learned, been obliged to lie-to dorin|^ the hcidbt of the ^de, we 
 continued our course out of the Struts, and did not mmn meet 
 With the Griper till our return ^ Eng^d. After ten P.M. this 
 night, the Aurora Borealis appeare<lfeat times In almost every part 
 of the heavens, but most constantly in dief soUtluini quarter. It 
 consisted of no distinct figure^ either arch or pencils, but of a gene? 
 rally diffused white light, illuminating the atmosphere at timea 
 quite as much as the moon when six or seven days old. Hus phi- 
 •non^enon occurred almost every night during our passage across 
 the Athintic, rendering them extremely lig^t, even when the we%> 
 ther was cloudy, just in. the same manner that the moon doesal- 
 thdugh her disk is not visible. When the weather wsn clear^ it 
 most frequently resembled die light of that luminary when issuing 
 from* behind a dark ctoud^ ' 
 '^ On the Sd we observed a more brilliant display thm usual of this 
 
 ghenomenon. It appeared atnme P*M. in various parts of the 
 eavens> from £.N.£«, round 1^ south, to W.b.N., principally con* 
 ikistinv it^rst of many detached luminous patches like clouds, irre- 
 gulttty sdttterid about, and shifting frvouently^ though not veiy 
 rapictty, from jdace to place. From the W.bJNl, over to the S*S. £., 
 and pamUg a lew degrees to the sont>* ^rard of die zenitbt there 
 soon appearcNl a broad band of light, having a tendency to arch ; 
 and the Hjj^t bf which this consisted appeared to come from the 
 west towardb the east. In the E^N.E. quarter, there was a lu» 
 minotts apjvearance distittibt from the rest, at id>out 15* or flO* of al- 
 titude, eibicily reiembUng the light of the moon behind a dusky 
 eloUdf except that at times vivid coruscations shot upwards from 
 It towairda tiie zenith. At a quarter past ten the |>henomenon sud- 
 denly beeame much more Iniwan^ its general position and duurae* 
 Hr remmnii^, however, neciAy as before. It still appeued ehbfly 
 tti^tiie sonthwild of the zetiitb, the arch4ike appearimce continu- 
 i%irilh iucteased splendour^ and accompaiued fortbaat nouarter 
 of aa hour by a beautifully waving light, of the rapidi^ and mag> 
 
 I 
 
'".ff 1 *^ ^I^^^^^p^ 
 
 ad 
 
 
 M 
 
 siiotiice of fMiieh it u impMsibk to c0Bvc)r any adequate idea. 
 The motioa of tint li^t mttinded one of the eontoitions of a tndte, 
 tkcept iliat ita veloci^«raa often so great that the eye could with 
 dlliealty fellow it. The awat inteate part was a pale ftreenith 
 eoleur ; th^ reat neaify white. The a>eh, which before had beea 
 atationarfv at oac timeihifted its positioB^ 1^ appearing, as it were, 
 tfrtui'a dp its leg^ so aa to ^irai a part of a dr<^ seen in perspective 
 Ml A« sottth, parallel to the horizoo. The luminoua patch, or 
 cloud, in the EtN.fi. increased abo very Uioch in brightncas at 
 Ike same' time, «mitdng awia vivid eomaeitiasls, but eontiniikig» 
 ai-b«f(ka» ^|«ita distuMt finom the net of the phenomeaon. This 
 Aurora, when lightest, gave aearly aa aaeh light aa that of a fall 
 aaaoB^ There coold not be the amalkat doubt that it dimmed^ 
 •ttd' even eonMtimea akogcAer obseored, the stars over which it 
 piNiaidi. ' W« pariiealariy imarariEfd, that whetever ^here was A 
 lioad atream of ita light stationary for some time in any put of 
 tin} tieaNwnSy it prbdnced eancdy die efiect of a curmin ; tor we 
 cbi^ld onl^ distio^tiish atara of the firat and aecoad nu^itudea 
 Kl#<#m4li^ while thoaeof iafbrior JlnilUaBoy were visible m g^reat 
 iibmberat^ the side of it. In this, as in several previoua instant 
 •ea, the Aiirora appeared very near as, thoi^h it waa evidendy 
 fcif^er dum aome clouds which were passing, as mi^t readily be 
 diatiagniahed by t^e latter iaterceptiag a part of ita lia^t. TItt 
 <i^ttt>aiiater waa fried darhig the osost brilliaat part of die pbe* 
 noiHeaoli, but neidier do thia or on any other occasion, ia crossiajg 
 the A4antic,did the gold leaf stve any indioatiqa of electricity ; 
 liorwas the magnetic needle inane lightest de^e affected. The 
 |reh4%e rapeftaace sbove deaerHied waa not bisected by die mag* 
 netic meriaian, but by die magnetic N.E. and S.W. At a qiiart» 
 icr 'before elevea the. light becaaMs less fariUittit, and apread more 
 ta the aeldiwaad, and dicn giraduaHy diaaj^eared before midnight. 
 
 Oil the llth, being- ia fatt. dl* 11', longitude 31' 13', some water 
 brought up from a depth of durec htmdred and twenty ^dioooi*, io 
 Dr. Maro«i's botde, was at the tempeipture of 44i% die suidbj^ 
 irater ^ng a^ 474% and the air 48% }n^ 
 
 At seven P.M., oh the 13th, die wind being squaU^ from ^ 
 N.N.W;, the Aurora Borcatis began toduplay itself ma lifighjt 
 luminous patch in the north-east, resembling, as usualy the li||hluf 
 the moon beliiiid a dark cloud. From diis point faint and narreir 
 oaroscadons shot upwards, passing a little to the north^weatwuni 
 ultile aenith, and appearing to come down in the W.biS. The 
 blue rily between these streams of light, looked at first Uke so mai^ 
 dark alreaka or douds, until the eye had become accuatomed to il« 
 aliKd ifte elamrness off the stmv in t>iem explained the dec^tion. JUt 
 hKlf «b fmur titer, a bri^ arch, 34^ high in the cencre, and about 
 f* lalfMadtli, extended from the Luminous patch ia the N.iE« over 
 to die iir.&W., ao that the magnetic meridian would neaiily bi t aa t 
 it. 'Hils part ^ the phenomenon remained about an haitf» and then 
 
 -^:«»^|«r.j»^M».'<Mt.«,4ilA' 
 
 "SiaBr-^.. 
 
Imme fidnt, liii»4lie A^twn . tmam^ to giv« tf iCQHlidWMe^ } 
 lii^ M i»u9l^ iMmg fint tetl «f ffae m^^ ^ ' / ^^#i,: ^ 
 
 Themcrciiry i» the b«roniieter foU |^i}M(Ryv ^ut ttffiif" ' 
 from noiiflnigbt on the llth, frhen it iri» at^S^^lM^li^ iViii 
 A.M .; on die 14th, at whs6»l tinije it ttood^ #^f^^ \mm, i 
 hard gale of wind came oa so fuddtnty m wtiKmy to gjve li« „ 
 to save the masta and yards. It is remai^MtMe that,- im<nedlsi^. 
 aifter ttiu the mercnry in tha-Jbafohieter rose.to-29.S6 i^^Sy and> 
 continued so very steadily tittnhieP.M., when |^ once oMyre gra<^ 
 dually descended till it had ra^d 38*83 on the mprning of tho- 
 ifiO^, The gale con^ued^ io hlow almost withool tnteraMasi^ 
 ^Mriour successive davs^w,. t ^ .<ff 
 
 On the afternoon ol the t6th, the sei^being^veiry high and ip^i, 
 Ifular^ and the shtp^ pttchingwith ^consldarailNb violence, the ho#^f 
 ^t waa carried away tlose to the4|a<iiaM»ttit|g» and ^^'Ointmm 
 a^main-top^mast immediately foBowtdit over die iSd/^ '^W^M 
 wreck was ijpiickly^ cleared ; and> by the gflatf st,aedvi^ and eti4^^ 
 gy on the pal«>of the offiiors and;' meh, the main-yard. and\li|f^ . 
 mast were saved,i the 'atter havltig^bc^ jendfog^red by the fofe*. 
 mast fallii^g. across |he stsrjr, and the former by thewrecl; ^^^^ 
 mmn-top*mast jmd tt^satl^yard lyii^ upoa it: JNfotwidistepp~^ 
 the ccmtunianceof the gate, and tiw nneasy motion ai the thi^i, .,_ 
 the next two days, we succeeded in gettirig ofKOur jury-m^stinAli^ 
 as to make sail on die evenhig ci the iBth* . iSi's'^ f 
 
 ^ Noting material oo^irred^till tha>^, afternoon of the 96diy ,#^1. 
 We struck sounding' tnvsevcn^4athoms» op » botlpm.iell^ ' 
 sftnd audi broken shells, being.in latitude ^9f 55', lonf^tud^^ti 
 west. The weather beiitg> cMin, iome fishing-lineft w«r# ps^i 
 and, several fine cod and t^rsl: were caught, being the;fi^ W| 
 mi^t with.8ince leaving l^ir |slaod,.at, t6e,$ommencemeiit m 
 v<^Ki^get^ On the fottQwh% |lay^ we^ made. PbvX Islai^df^ ' 
 
 %j^ ^^M^^ ^^m 
 
 Si 1 li!evi«fu«^y to our pamNir 
 l^tefiaiit I^Ul^^n ant^t 
 
 ■i^/1 
 
 1 ..si'ji 
 
 - "if 
 
dliMliipii deaiatM fomj^^^ pil^^iiAnn»aBd«U odutr 
 
 Md (Ulier aoeii«M»ii)i^^vliKiiiii:^^ «iniitMt «ul 4i^ 
 
 Mth. Hayiay l«l| Mr. HSteper it Ii^«li» to wo6n die Eecli^* 
 •rriv^ to Hoir-AdaM Ot«rfl^» the comMOMbr-iiM^^c^ at t|wt 
 port, and to provide fteali beel and vegetiMet lor our pMsAe, Cap^ 
 tarn SilMiie and myatlT pveeeeded iMoiit dcli^ to JUmdoa, irhen 
 W pttived on the mmmg of tlie M of , November. 
 
 Koth was the ese^ei^ itate of heihh wlkii we al this tine 
 CO^tuiued to ci^ on hOi^^theHeela^^iti d«tii|g^^^ whole sea- 
 m^./^'^Jf^^^^^mm the eeut <if 
 
 HM cnleved on our ^I^Hlt, eaeept fh}ni one or tw«> aeei^nii^«f 
 » tt!Hhn| nature ; ijin} I iiad the h«p^>ineeft of eieitM^ e«eiiy»ott«|i 
 aiul fliian on board^Oth; flii|is^ (with onl^ oni ekeentioi «ii^ of 
 »ine^*fottr pertont), letttrn to^ their native eountrf m a» rohtnt 
 h0m as ivhen the)rlelt it, afiar an abMnce of neaify eigfatees 
 fiohtt^ during which tnid we had heen living entirety on oSrowii 
 iftfepii^ircea. 
 
 'tie Griper arrived at Shedand^m the let of Novembiiv and 
 ^ m^ at Leith oh the ad. Both shba caaae into the Riv«r 
 ^puae* about the middle of November^ an^i^ei^ paid off il 
 Oep^frd on ^ tiBt of the loUowittg mondi. 
 
 -IK 
 
 fS^*'-\J} •■ 
 
 cwii or ttttt 
 
 K"' ■ 
 
 
 B** ' 
 
 "* , -i 
 
 m 
 
 :-^:\'~ . ■ 
 
 k'. 
 
 
 
 ../ " ,.r 
 
 
 
 St.5'. '* «* 
 
 /^'^, 
 
':*-^ ' 
 
 . .,. -^ .■Vyfif-iJK.* 
 
 pM^- 
 
 ABftENDIX 
 
 '4L» : 
 
 No. I. 
 
 
 
 MBtitalti 
 
 
 
 
 ^ " w^ iiwn we equatoruO, iniW^^ 
 
 ' '^'^'ki 
 
 -^SS 
 
 t '• 
 
 
 ■sr ^'J 
 
 11^ 
 
 
 ^^?^^u:i 
 
 
 
 ^ii-i 
 
 mi , 
 
 4, »t^ 
 
 ^^*^;>hv;rD^^ 
 
 1 3 
 
 
^BtMftk-i. 
 
 
 
 &v 'J"^ 
 
 J^ijMicm. which ItmiAerS^ 
 
 liQuri «ich, accurately det.iJmS^-Ji:?'' **'*'y«™ intarvala of ^ 
 
 W^^'W^jjy b,. i»!rtpd«cS^AkhL^J5•y ^«^- ^hewby- 
 
 «2il5rll?^* "* ^w number of «<i»L»: • . i 
 
 j"?^ «focIta were vted in th>a« ...*•' 
 
 ^^l|lind ^he worW. ' * ^"**^*» «oon^paiiiedJCi£tom 
 
 rv.. 
 
 
 ^^' 
 
 
 
 Tlitejiiat^a 
 
 ImLa^doii,. > ""vwottm*, I.at. ro'ss'is'" v 
 
 . V. 
 
 
 _J^^^^4^^ 
 
wm^t9W^m obtained for the ■CMknuioa between 
 
 I«oiMlon anA.lMMvUle lilmiA*''-'''''''^ 
 
 3dfy. The itiM ol^ vtbtaHott* nide fay the dockt in Ijisdon 
 WM inoevtiined^bf two distinct i^et of e^ one before 
 
 th«deperiBr««f«lid « eefiiid elt^ the rctam of the Expedition i 
 the very vieioPilgreinientof tbesei^ occasione provhig 
 
 ttHMinetthet Of 9MriAocka«oraiiy pn« apparatus, had id*, 
 
 taioed an Itiiiiftip OMif'tkot foyii^ affiH&tltiff their rate of going ; 
 m well as aHbrdinft*«atisiact6ry iiiference of the confidence which 
 ie4ne^t•4he5«|•<Sof experiiiwfltt} the ntfmber 0f vibmtions in 
 MvbouninI«QBilen.waa«sibllows: ; > : ay 
 
 
 Clocks 
 
 ndar d»|r. 
 
 .\, 
 
 4m. 
 m^^ 
 
 whicl) was allpwed for th« eiqeieriments at 
 snna oemg inflj^ suilicietji^ for their cotn^ctton, the rate 
 of each, clock being 4etemiined by a mean of 8^ intervals of £4 
 hours'eac'h. ■•■■•■ ^ y^^^ • . ,<^^^ 
 
 'And lastly. From the correspondence in the results ot^tauned ]% 
 the two clocks; the daily acceleratipn of the onei on a <^^- in of die 
 
 the iatitudes of 51* 31' 08.4" and 74," 4,7' 14.36" N: 
 
 By comparing^ in a similar manner, the experiments made in the 
 Voyage of 1818 with each other,'the acceleration of the penduluin 
 between the several stations at which It was triedy has been obtianr 
 ed,as follows: 
 
 BclNreeiji LMon isnd Brassa - 
 London and Hare Island 
 Brassa and Hare Island 
 
 33.107 
 65 
 
 i.l07 "1 -u -.• 
 2386 L ^^o'^^^ons m amean 
 
 32.1316J ^^^^y- 
 
 The following table tontsiins the deductions which h«ve be'en 
 obtained by calculation from these several results. 
 
 FrMpB the MmlentioD btttireen 
 
 London' aia'd;BraS8a • 
 
 *■_, -'.''■■ A, 
 
 London and Hare Island 
 B^ISi^ and Hare Islaad 
 London, imd !MelviUe> Island 
 
 DimimrtkHi of Gr»> 
 
 rity fi-om the Pole l^i|>tiei^of 
 
 to thff Bqoator. \ f|b^ fearth. 
 
 .0055066 
 .0055139 
 .0055089 
 .0055258 
 
 Tthr 
 
 -_.,„ -.--S^ ,.^f-. 
 
 if\ ■'''■ 
 
cm 
 
 ti.--^ ^„-,^;— ^r— 
 
 ■■'7^ T'fwli 
 
 Kan; 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 m 
 
 ^MMMMM iwr no mam «i» j»ai* Jifl| ««**• «*^^««» 
 
 SSbtoim white in «h.«. »« «*» «S«»»?^ toAtHH Wrctig, 
 of dmow intolwilHe KWBi-K T'^.f ***" ?.: - .«..,. .^ .-,.. 
 
 ThcywSSlUwcted to coiiHitti» Hili ^n?»»^ iiiiffl •oi^mi tU«^ 
 After dri^ A. mildw ami <rU^ Mi'>.MF'!g:*!iggy 
 
 "-J ^ £2j;£: 
 
 
 
tfialiiLkiii 
 
 
 toei 
 
 
 
 
 ■^3 
 
 1^- 
 
 tSt^fty 
 
 •WJiJ^^ 
 
 MWWa UMMmuI 
 
 
 
 5 ■■'^«^,%6*4^ 
 
 
 i^i^mtH' -v./,>i, , 
 
 V .>'t.jit.i»,v. 
 
 * ^ 
 
 
 -^'J'lf 
 
 / 
 
 
 :<,:f& 
 
 ;-Sia^*tiiS; 
 
 .', <v. 
 
 ■^ X -»¥?!- 
 
 
 f . 
 
 ise^var^,. 
 
 . i-^t*^ 
 
t 
 
 lU^m the IditMni, not. o0t on* d 
 
 ihrte montlii of the witHeri iijliiii«|pK^»|itf:^- •iiiiftinci • 
 
 iliafil liy thei o^h^n.vaAmu^tlxt.m'^^ 
 pelted to h« tolllljr avoided in Mi^ eii^tiedlii|'ent> iii hkt, Hie 
 WfVji«ave netni ire ie co»ptiili% iitthi« coab^'tM it fif <4dr 
 In the event of eome eootiiiMMjr mU|r'lia» that ^hUli bippeMd 
 in. the caie W CiOitilB' Wtfe'i eeiwt, that inch an aeclditot 
 ouglif to o^nr.. 
 
 AMlidtt|ii^u[e ,w,inur wai jcoi|imenGil4 ivHh fnU ewldenc^ in Ihe 
 abttn<^niiee.ina tti^w^ of oar reeo«rc«l,.w eouU nofr be niilf^ in* 
 djierent t6 , the mmy .oMi^plM on re^rd df ae fataRtjl^ Aiat had 
 att^nd^ i^eet'of Ihoit jidventurert, whn.4Athift % n^ddeat or in 
 H^ of commereiU p^t, had Wt^teved M Ihdu «ttinici. Widi 
 t^|e,:aii^tt befure ue. It nwutd have>»en^t66 "l^iilht^JiO^veraMi- 
 
 * * • " * * to have eapejctiNt it,t(m e^KUptiOn 
 
 M *foee dtelillr.lhe ^Ijater^liiMNHiirable 
 imceaiing vlgtliiice to watch and op- 
 poee. 
 
 4(^on|^ thecaiiut w^ifih liaye been coiieidered ntdtt etitiv^ in 
 genf rating thlji defimctivie'^Htaie, ere to be notieed thlct. following, ■ 
 vIzh ji dji^^'djA^^icnt in qniurfti^ or'quality ; a told,,daili|i;;UMl im* 
 puro air I uncfieiiilineM, hfblie ,of idleneie ; 'n»en<il dlidiifetttde ; 
 
 aA|in4^#J|;|i^v^r>»0^ ThkiOb- 
 
 eenee oFa '{iife quinflty ofaipiiecent Vegiflkble ibbd )k alwayathe - 
 
 In thi sdi^ecarvy/the^ialiei^'pi^ivmdne ivied b)ii the seamen havt 
 been held % tnany to be $Vii%i^ conetant.cipKe^^ to. 
 
 mvii^^mm » #i£»rding iiy 
 
 animtd fib^/d^«trncfi:ri^ orlte ni 
 
 tfrtie#.r' 
 
 pteeent 
 
 !►. 
 
 unfreddtncy ontie ffifeaie joi Hie Jf a|ei$V i^rVtee nunr indoce ii' 
 
 dpubr whtdi^^ the ratlbbe of ^^ eenttken, modified' ae^titiey are at 
 at this time, are. capable Of producing: H^h ¥^pf|dispOi|idoiii, with* 
 odi the c^peration of ^ome Ottaiir^m^tf ul r^mb^ cause. ;* 
 
 fn threqdipment ' of the %:i^^iSm;''-liiomi^^'t^^ 
 that appeared condtkclve to tile hvt)%vei|)en| of the annscorbodlf^ 
 qnalitles of the provisions #a%adiQ«fet^'fli^ qnanti^ldrtho 
 
 meats preserved by Messrl Donlln M^^*:withDiicsaltiae ^iiHt 
 
 ■• i-k i 
 
 of th^r yegeiable sind^concent^ted sottps» was tinbarkMdf ^and 
 
 discretion of Captain Pany^ who; tar W 
 of them in lieu of pl%brti<^nal quantities of saSbedft^ 
 
 j^ced at the 
 
 of them in lie ^ w 
 
 ! Proved jthe diet of the men. Atiother deviitibn 
 owance was the employment of' good floor |iSS|e«f§F%!lctiit, bf 
 Whieh the crews were fiurnbhed with|» daily sopply of wtthhr* 
 
 ^ho 8id)stiM93on 
 
 mm- 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 .."H 
 
■■■fi^ 
 
 •B tec)<liiit 
 
 WaW in 
 
 
 
 sftplgrr 
 
 
 'iL^^ 
 
 ortk* 
 
 %• *• pw*ri» or «ii 
 
 jktlMiMM> 
 
 MB <M« IMB to aiMh ,mS 
 •f^ vw.^ lit 
 
 rw!ii:«liwiwti|K' 
 
 S^^i^- 
 
 "^^^^ 
 
 -if 
 
 \ i 
 
 t 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 'V>tw.»-n' •> jJti^iTikt 'l.iV K' -^'H 
 
 Mi 
 
 ■.'W.\'i.*'' '/'■■>*'.■ 
 
m&d&^i^'^^^»iii^^-^^yMmiiimr'i><' 
 
 ¥i 
 
 'J 
 
 ip 
 
 ^ j^ljii^^!!^ ci^^ wftbittnd, the teiu^tilfi^^ Ai| ,ihe 
 
 itu^j0(fpi^^ evUpi cdiiw^tote ajHurt «f 
 
 tt||(p|fii^#3^t)»m otv^xiomyf^ disclpUnfit practived^^bf C«^t^ 
 Fsirf}i d^li^g tbe voyagi^ it ifriiof |ieceM«ry'for M« to difteil tt^te; 
 ^ l)p«ft fOii^Dneat«ry on tk«; tuljetBt is th« comparatite, ffce4Qm 
 |^ocpift|M#^.ti»at{}reiriaied';th^^ • ■:/■•■, ■, „ .tl 
 
 |i«|ii; feu^ bad ela^d when the^fint . tyinptoitis ^ 
 
 9i^0li^^ohi$^fi^i^iihA$^^i^ early in the niDinth ftf Innufuyt 
 fani^'of ll^fcvcrist in ftbelyenr.] /I^he patient va» Conner o£i;i«e 
 |le6li,:<%lfl^ inan ofaieiipeigle ,1iikbit% but w,itb^a oojittitntion 
 Miiif whit liKirn bifr «er^i«le ibvira^ dimit^t. Thie morbid ;pf*» 
 
 ' ' pi«l liraa Increase^.by.^'i^ttii^^ conike^ted with thei,V>- 
 t^;^it (.eabin^ ^icb %». siting in the ^<9tilMy ^f a k^ 
 jl^payiiJIiieK^enMttoatediai^ 
 te^isture,' but qu^te adequate to keeplt i|i' »|niip%9mlQi$ka 
 E^pMM;^<|iai^ng tbe^day the atr: wa».chargediwi4tiii!ap^uiir>;irn^ 
 I0l^l(^. Iftilw^^l^ evei^ adjacent ftubsrance*' On eanii|uiiii|g 1^ 
 jtH»l,1i|if|ide )Wa« found ito be literally drenched in wa^i> and the 
 j^^lR^en tb tbes bedvpbu^. Under such ciCGumitaaces it was 
 nSiif aitoniabing that scorbutie symptoms shimaid haveii^peaMd. 
 I^i^ir chai^aeter, nevertheless^ was rehiarkably.mild. The removal 
 of the parent from. his damp eabin, into a hammodi in >d(y part 
 of the^v^sely the subttUtotion^ of fresh meat and vegeti^ble; soito, 
 JMBtot^d of th^ aalted.peirtionof his diet, and a sm^l additional d- 
 lowimce dfleroonrjaice suflSced to subdue t^ery sytaptom in three 
 spii^fcs after^ ilhe.attack^ and he braved the rest of the, voyageoo 
 Jherdiet of d>e 9b;ps' company without any recu.rence of the coitt- 
 plaint.. .,..^ '■ .:-'.;.! 
 
 £arly in March two more 4»Mes. appeared almost ,stiftkulla9ef^tt8- 
 ly, onjp corresponding clostly to the foregoing in ttaiorigin and re- 
 4|dji;;tbe other diiferlpg, inasioauch as the suti^ect was a man who 
 •iad|>i9C.t|pied,one of the moat con^rtabl&beds/in the ship; hut. he 
 had b^n.ttoore tban once, while in the fer^ce of the. East India 
 Compiwy^ .a aufferer: from scurvy ; his predf^ositton was also in- 
 cii^sed by a pernicious habit of eating pork slush* ^^ This sub- 
 stance Is the more oily part of the fat, which has so greatr«ii af- 
 Boity kit the salt, that during the boiling they are. diseha^d to- 
 ,ff^er, leaving die meat In a relative state of fre{ihi|(M)Sk. The use 
 'Mmh briny tat is strictly prohibited ; but this isian^is detected 
 ,|^#< Cfew in the act of purloining :^nd eating it, an<l thiey, with a 
 4.Wi»9e*Fofthy,zeal for the welfare ot the Expedition, reported.his 
 <!eMw«?|cy. . i 
 
 .. ,A iPttiKh case shuud itself in April {the p^lent was the Grcen- 
 Jm4 JP9N|II^. employed as a pilot. He had ocdifued a part b^^ the 
 .pinner's cabia, and haid^ consequently;, been ei|i^sed to theinore 
 'P^ operatiim of the same morbific^gents. The remedies used 
 ,jil.|^|irst fsgrn^t^^f* equally auccesilli in the others } bttb^^^*'^^^' 
 
 %-h 
 
 it «i*f 
 
 V.-. ;4|fiy^-i^% yjy^ 
 
 "^^mMW. 
 

 .rswTff^T 
 
 'IfB 
 
 into of tife bh„'S*J™2JtoMt tf^^ 
 
 
 .'' J-' I 
 
 
 
 ■^- ji^J^s^&fs'^ 
 
^'^^ifW^^^^rWrvT' 
 
 
 ^ fOOA.niJ ^ 
 
 
 
 irfAwrf^ A^"""* •«'>»»!« •b«««Sm2?^???«">''">»«»» 
 
 
 ..■':Pkk4. ..Jw^i^ 
 

 fbe coMcidiMaeM of tHto had tvidentty bMn loiig itreyiflg «pttft 
 llit Mind. 
 
 The abOTO eaiet comprahtttded aU in which leovbutie sfnptCMW 
 wvNi maaih>Kt(fi»^Mher off iha^erevvamnecd the slightest ditpoii* 
 ik» thdreioi although in Che wrif pit of April, in conaeqaeneo 
 e^ die aerioiii feaa m lenoD<4WKe by die buntnig of the botuea bf^ 
 die ^o$tii Mtj^ hgrnd^mm ■mtmt'f-^fj^t^. ' .*• '.1»il9«h 
 tiOB of iC'0ii»4hirif id h^^pm^.tii fmt to discoiidnae it 
 enthtAy. At thiifwiod ^ ioml(Shm§x IXigtpuu^ Imuu) begaft 
 to vegetattraM the«MlHPef«4M^0Mttd^gBtherdi^«'pievm 
 qiiaii«ty> <Mli^iii*'^irt»te «£f WK inenMod dtaoai! to esi|bcr<» 
 
 la ?M^ tf|)f joTt i^^iases of Ji^iiIniomG inflaainMtioa eBljbrad^ 
 the iidei^^iMMi^i^ ta^ «afieiig the (iiMie^ eon* 
 
 pioycNi in iM^niiiig i^aw^ Anioi|g<the tpertsmen^ and also adioiig 
 th$ {iii«y> iHiiiiy tl^dlpd^^^i^^ fishmd infuiie, a li^«iue» oe- 
 cnmi of that SjpecnaaM^opltthaihaia catted snow-blindness, pro- 
 dnct4^hyrtfaf lalttihei - alid i of dw ijolar rays from the^itirfa^e of 
 
 the show. Thi ilillaiiifl^tion H s^^v^**^ 
 ii^ maa^rlioiara^et^ distressing, ftdrigerent ap|^ii»iiQiii', and 
 ilii severe estiesallenialed with warm ibmeirtations^ g«»iendfy dbyedv 
 the iinfadon in twemy ot thir^ -hours, and in three or four cu^ 
 diejpai^ent'fi^'' fi^-for service.' - -.--r ■ ■■ .-». . c-^t < ; %^ „ - '^ ^vip ■ ^ - 
 
 The Ibregoillg i«tiiarfcs apply moi«pMticiiitfly^|^' till 1^^ 
 hii^ ^>hmlidiiBiieel|itt - In the Griper the seoltali6>^^ 
 tisiie Of « naore agj|ra«ated character, obviiBiiMii^i^eiiiUli^;|&«m 
 objects attackc^'&ing men of morie debilimted cOastitutions; Ttie' 
 zehiQte «e»Mes .depending on the condido&of the atmos(^re|^p|a^ 
 aiisost inote>pe4irei€ul in this- vessdli^than in the Heda: Ibr^ in cM^ 
 8e4||tfna^# the contracted space in. which they lived, tibe mrHaa^ 
 clf«i|^viildiin<^ture which was deposited so plentifully upon dte^ 
 wldlt afd' be#plac«sr that every effort ^preserve dryness ifa» 
 fruitteailb In dits exttemity it at length became necessary to put 
 all lhirN(|p#te^%ii9l^ the^ bnllfhiida 
 
 alg^dipMii^^ei^^ open the whol4 de<^ to the in- 
 
 tflittce^liii the #res» This measure proved effectual in removing 
 ^ nuisaviee, and wfth it the disposition to tdieease. . 
 
 f 
 
 m 
 
 A,' 
 
 
 
 
'T^^T* « ^^ PV 
 
 Mk^Ai^ki 
 
 
 ...y^^g^^ 
 
 ..p,. 
 
 
 """ ' "'''fii;[, rut ii ir i r i D i i "- i ' .j,. 
 
 , 'J i\ 
 
 k. : 
 
 • ' > ^4^ilHiiTM|^i|^||(tfjn'?" 
 
 
 
 j**j K f •„ 
 
 i r 
 
 1^ 
 
 !?. 
 
 
 St- (! ' 
 
 y}.f-.J 
 
 3 T 
 
 4a-i, 
 
 ^■■■4l& tM 
 
 
 ';^»fi-(4"* 
 
 
 • •■■•''"♦<t ". t; . ,^'' ' 
 
 TTvT .-Mi 
 
 r..£v.y.. 
 
 3 8i 
 
 ■ .'J r?:.<-.,. 
 
 
 ^*f 
 
 Pl^ ?f -SvA ir<tfe; on FuUgn^ Chmgt^ JOp^a of the M(^. 
 
 
 - 
 
 ' ■ 1 0." 
 
 
 1 '45 -'?» 
 
 ' 
 
 .- ;«4^ 
 
 m 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 40/ 
 
 MylOth * i - - - 
 Ififfe biHigh Watto^n Fiittiiid OMge fi|«i^#^ ^ 
 
 » 
 
 
 
^fl. 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 TttB 
 
 ""'f^XF'-V'W'W 
 
 . ii 
 
 »- :h'.- ■'*-'i\- 
 
 NORTH GE0&6IA GAZETTE, 
 
 ' \ 
 
 AMD 
 
 m 
 
 yrBsnwLt^ ; 
 
 
 mtmmwri^Mmi^^^ a. 
 
 
 V. If. 
 
 
/..%• n 
 
 1* , \ 
 
 ■i-'^Af 
 
 i<JT 
 
i'<^'(''''rw8!(^f*'jK"*-'»'i- ■ +'■ 
 
 T^vr-j-rw-qr-'TiTr^l^M 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The Editor of die following Sheets feels it incumbent on 
 him to state, that at the time diey were composed, not the re- 
 rootest idea was entertained of their fulfilling any other purpose 
 than that of relieving the tedium of an Arctic Winter; and 
 perhaps of afterwards affording amusement to a few private 
 friends at home. On the return of the Expedition, the inter- 
 est which the Public took in all that had passed during the 
 voyi^, induced applications for the perusal of the manuscript, 
 which could only be gratified by its publication. In consent- 
 ing to this measure, the contributors to the North Georgia 
 Gazette are fully aware, that its principal recommendation to 
 the public notice will be considered to arise from the peculi- 
 arities of circumstances and of situation under which it was 
 composed ; and they trust that they may be allowed to claim 
 from the general reader the same indulgence^ which they 
 would have received, had the perusal of the Chronicle been 
 confined to the partial circle to which they originally intended 
 it should have been limited : with this impression, no altera- 
 tion haa been attempted in the respective papers, in preparing 
 them for the press. 
 
 Edward Sabine. 
 
 London, April 20th, 1821. 
 
 4- 
 
 
 aP^ ■ 
 
 'iSf^S^KtttB^^' 
 
 1' ^ ,ns 
 
m 
 
 m 
 
 ail 
 
 \^ 
 
 ■il&fS! 
 
■rn mil '57-:' ■ . 
 
 i*-;?- 
 
 It lias been suggested that the estabtii^hiite of 'a Weekly 
 Newspaper may assist m enlivening the tedious and inactWe 
 mondis of winter. It is in contemplation, therefore, to tiy thai 
 experiment, l^ circulating the first Number of the " Win te % 
 Chronicle^' amongst the Officers of the Expedition, cfi 
 Monday, the 1st of November. 
 
 As the design of this Paper is solely to promote good-hu- 
 mour and amusement, Captm Sabine, who has undertaken to 
 be the Editor, will consider himself responsible, that no article 
 idifitsoever shall be admitted which, to his knowledge, will 
 give a moment's uneasiness to any individual. He reserves 
 to himself, therefore, a discretionary power of omitting any 
 contributions which may appear to him objectionable, either 
 on that or any other account ; and, of either briefly assigning 
 his reasons, or o^erwise, as he may think proper. 
 
 He begs it, however, to be distinctly understood, that he 
 will be wholly dependent on the Gentlemen of the Expedition 
 for the support of the Paper ; and, he suggests to those who 
 are well-wishers to the undertaking, that their assbtance ai4 
 exertions will be especially require t its commencemnit. 
 
 
 
 W '-f- i. 
 
Yi 
 
 rmoposAu. 
 
 
 Original contributions on any subject will be acceptable. 
 The Sportsman and the Essayist, the Philosopher and the 
 Wit, the Poet and the Plain Matter-of-Fact Man, will each find 
 their respective places. It is recommended that an anonymous 
 signature be affixed to each communication, and the hand- 
 writing effectually dbguised, to ensure the most rigid impar- 
 tiality in judging 9nd selecting the articles for insertion. A 
 box will be placed on the Capstan of the Hecla to receive 
 th^, the l^ey of wjbich will be kept l^ the Editor ; and it is 
 requested that communications, designecl to appear in the first 
 Number, may be deposited in the box by the Thursday even- 
 ing preceding the publication. 
 
 Winter Harbour, 
 October 20th, 1819. 
 
 . / 
 
 1^- 
 
 ■■■*'^. 
 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 No. I. VOVBIIllBB 1, in». 
 
 AMmibjtlMEdilor . . *f* v' . . . . ll 
 
 OalhaMtiMUHMMtartlMWiirtwaHaiMe. B{fFyia-Comni . it 
 
 OBtfMeflb«tiorMANttoWbMr. BfWtvUtm 1< 
 
 AndeMiMriM. B]rOMConi«l 1* 
 
 LiDwaatbewaimMHtaMatortbaWiMtrChroiriaiB. BjAlbwt. ... 14 
 
 LbMbjQ. ...*..... IS 
 
 AMMOiiMflMBt of tlMOpenbgoTdM North GMcgift llMttet ,•*- . 14 
 
 NotiMtoCarNq^QadtBU • •' i* 
 
 No. n. Nofonbtr I. ' 
 
 Nolo by the EiUtor 1' 
 
 LitlcroraPlohlirMtr«r-nwtMni >S 
 
 ThootfflMdRoport IS 
 
 AddNHSpokm at the Opening of the North Gco(|iaThMtre . . IS 
 
 Edgoui, bf Albert • .if 
 
 ToCorreepondente . . i7 
 
 No. lU. Novoinbcr 15. 
 
 Letter from PhBoaopUeot tS 
 
 SpoMh of OoaMenorPaulewell,te<lleCMiM Editor «.Noa-CoBtrabatore . II 
 
 Theetfiial Beport H^ 
 
 lioeobjrQ. . . % . . . • M 
 
 IjoComipoiideeto Si 
 
 No.IV. NoTonberSS. 
 
 BuurksontfieNoitiiGeor^Theatrieeb. ByPeterTriel . . SI 
 
 AMver to Albums Bidgmn SS 
 
 Theetvkal AnnouneeoMnt • ,M 
 
 8oofi, written b> Mr. WakehuByfiirlhe Theatre . . SS,S8 
 
 No. V. November 99. 
 Letter from Peter Fane • • • • . . S4 
 
 Iaw Report Catue«/tA*Bdttor«.NoB<<:!Ontrtbatora . . iM 
 iPheitriMlBeport ByTrtm .IS 
 
 l^regnenti. By Riebud Roam-aboat . . < • SS 
 
 l^iMtrieal N<^ee .... ...... • |: y . «• 
 
fUi 
 
 H^VLPiimtiH. 
 
 UMw ftwB TkMdv Qirill-SpUttir 
 
 TriM'bM«MrMttiktOawctfC«WMa8«M« . . . < 
 
 • • • 
 
 • • • 
 
 ATMmhtorilMM 
 
 • • • 
 
 lrtMtiPMfl«w>hitfc>8— mfcrThrwUditt . . 
 
 • • • 
 
 • t • 
 
 Ka YD. Pnertir K. 
 
 TIm Coaphdnt of PiatlMr 
 ThMtrlul Btport aid 
 
 Litttr from Sir Pllifiil Pttoiter, Bait. . 
 liaGf««iJtooai,orftP«iplwldtti«hfeCaitila. ByPiiv^ligToltt' « 
 
 Ifo-Vni. DMttbarJO. 
 Bt or tiM Jooraid or m oW N. W. Vogniw. Bjr T. 
 
 LMtMT fitm AU|M1 Hndkrirfl, (0 tlw M«M|er (gf the TiMitM 
 A DrouB. By PhBo^oouras • . . 
 Uoot, by « Tooog B«|iater 
 8ilatteoraBel«%bjCartig»tor 
 
 H0.IX. DeoetaberCf; 
 Lfttv iivni FniiMuifopis 
 TlNitriMl Report tad AanoaMement 
 Letter from SalpQiiil'DriTe ........ 
 
 AowniomMitt .... ...•■. 
 
 tir BdhotiOMOBtha MoniagQrClirWnHBi'Oitf' 
 
 NdkZ^ Jwnmrfa, IHQu 
 BeSoedbBi an the oomineiwiBmoiit oT * Now Tear, bj Amkot 
 liovghta OB New Tear^ Day 
 
 No. XI. Jannarjr 10, 
 
 Striefams on the Theatrieal Blaaatemevt, by aLookcr.oa 
 
 Opi the et tab l iih m ent of a new Weekly Ptper. By fkuej Harmlem 
 
 lieteoeolo|ieal Qneatien 
 
 iPheatrieal Report, and Anaoniwemeot ..... 
 
 liitler flC N. C. 
 
 AdNi«MiMawnt<--Pn«peetiuor an Oppodtion JonnMl 
 
 m 
 
 SI 
 
 at 
 
 M 
 S4 
 M 
 
 36 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 40 
 
 4$ 
 44 
 4i 
 41 
 U 
 41 
 
 NaXI|.;iMii«(yl7. 
 
 Letter from Simon Set-R%ht «^ . . ... .40 
 
 Reply loN.C. by JoevphaaNot>PaMir ,. . ... . . ;^ 
 
 Rbmaxka en the Letter of N. C. By Joha Slender>brain apd Smell Rat Smoh^Mi 41 
 Oltomy . , ,41 
 
 • * ! » ... 41 
 
•!^t4 
 
 'lill'SIL MMMJf^l* 
 
 i-.n 
 
 tlMidUttwIetlMMIlar. SjK.O. 
 liMtirtBtlMMilir. I^VtrilM . 
 TlMMMar%ll«pl]r . . . 
 
 bjrC. 
 
 ■■*• 
 
 KoHm to CocmpoMlMli 
 
 . « 
 
 it 
 If 
 
 KO. XIV. jMMTf Jl. 
 
 ]l«Mifa«iUMBdUar'bBapl7toV«rilM. BjPMwftriMr^ ....#• 
 
 Utter fkumStcphMlMpvill . ..';.'.' g| 
 
 HoMUMMhtlMirortk. BjPhlto4M0lfc ..'... . . . H* 
 
 Adftttln—rt ',*' '." ..... 41 
 
 UwMpMudMpljACMitribiNMr .... fef 
 
 U— ■ W B iited by tlw BtttMwt Afora, JwMMay If, IMD U 
 
 SfMM ad dw Bd to tha EdHor. ByAlMttkr f8 
 
 iMOBd Utter «BThMtiMllaM|tmwt ByAUokflr-Oa . . IS 
 
 AiiMAail4Mri»'feGiNBpWM,ndthaBditM'illMnrltttlMiMii . . . . «^ 
 
 Hwrtritel B>pwt >a< AnpowMwatat mk 
 
 VuhkMuMaArrinlb North Q««^ . . ^ . . . M 
 
 fteUoi»bi«htelli|MM i% 
 
 FMiMllayitatlMitetlwFMtiMrdllMt. Bj QntaliUM Qiundoas . . . •• 
 
 LiMtootlMBtHippMyMMoPtlMSm 89 
 
 Ma XVI. FateMTjr 14. 
 FMUttMroTZ. 
 
 DoiMMblatelliiMMa 
 8tMuuwoBtlMdMMhar«lli«e«rlteDog . 
 
 HyparboTMHi Frifll«|« 
 
 WatiwtoCnriwyonJiBli .... 
 
 No. XVn. FtbroMT St. 
 Utter frote»8p— titer , . . 
 
 UttcrfWtinXtoZ i 
 
 Correstfam of MetMToloiiMl Brron. Bjr BimoB Bot'Iliilit 
 ThMtrhal AaMMttMniMt 
 
 BO 
 CI 
 61 
 0S 
 68 
 «9 
 
 9$ 
 
 04 
 «4 
 04 
 
 8tMiiMb]rQ.M4l|«c«dMi]ilakMbift ^ 
 
 No. XVm. Fabrntiy S8. 
 
 SMondUtteroTZ . 
 
 Utter from Faeph^Tom 
 
 BcaeaUoiit miw iiw i id by tho Firo rt tho Obtemtory-Hoaw . 
 UMMMUMte^bytlNDiMhoroGnU . . 
 4PhflM0pfai»B«F«fio 
 
 «r 
 w 
 
 M 
 W 
 
 
 
ooimirTi. 
 
 No. 3^X. Mtrah 6. 
 
 OomptaiBt of NtihiB Loo|>Bov 
 
 Letter from Bnily 
 
 Letter from PeoiriDg Tom (he Pint 
 Reply to Peeping Tool. ByTom Peepedntt 
 HyperboreeB Sopori&ae. By Phito^onnw 
 Notice to Cocre e pondeBti 
 
 No. XX. llareh 19. 
 
 Tliird Letter of Z . ....... 
 
 Apology (0 Peeping Tom tlie Pint, by Pee^DS Tom the Seeood 
 CkmtathetweeD Sir Partiei Thaw and General Froit ByN. 
 FkopoiNl to deipatch a Balhxa. By HOaiy BOgb-Plyer 
 Lines on the Motto OB tlwHeela'sbianade .... 
 
 8oogi&om'*Th6Nacth-¥^eitPMmge,hyMr. Wakeham . 
 
 Page 
 08 
 68 
 68 
 
 . 69 
 69 
 70 
 
 ro 
 
 71 
 71 
 71 
 72 
 
 7i,73 
 
 No. XXL Mareh 90. . 
 Ftevwel to die Wbiitlen,-Bangen, Hummers Blowers, tee. ByZ 
 Befleetions on the Cooohuion of the Winter Chroniele. By Philo^omcs 
 VfUbiet. ByT. . - . • • • • 
 
 Thaatrieal Beport 
 
 Stannsfbr the iait Number of the Winter Chroniele. By A. 
 Farewd Addnm on the Claae of tba Theatre. By.Mr. Wakeham 
 Fiaal Note by th« Editor . . .... . 
 
 74 
 75 
 75 
 76 
 76 
 77 
 78 
 
 > 
 
 p r 
 
 1 » w- 
 
 1 
 
 V* ft 
 
 1 irV 
 
 1 
 
 ^ ■ 
 
 ! gf v.^K 
 
 1 
 
 A e 
 
 1 ^B^'^k 
 
 
 ■'( W 
 
 Bm-K\tMt 
 
 
 ?f ' - fe 
 
 ^B^'nmr 
 
 
 .»., R 
 
 ^^Vrf^HM&V 
 
 
 k. m. 
 
 'Ni 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ *" HL 
 
 
 
 ^^h W' 
 
 
 F 
 
 L^ _,- »- 
 
 i^^^lHi^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 l^!fli 
 
 
 
 Lli 
 
 h 
 
THE NORTH GEORGIA GAZETfE; 
 
 AND 
 
 WINTER CHRONICLE. 
 
 No. I.-.MONDAT* NOVBIIBER i, 1819. 
 
 WE feel great plearare in being enabled 
 to eonimenee oar Editorial OfBee, bjr ao* 
 knowltdgnwnti of the lively intereit wttli 
 vhieh the propoiala for the caUbHthmept of 
 o«r Paper have bc«n lo ceneralW reeeivei} \ 
 of the auppoTt with whwh the demand for 
 the early ckertioni of oar vreki -wither* haa 
 been met ; and of the cneoaragement which 
 we derive from th0 oomnwuiioatiom with 
 which we have been alreadv favoured. The 
 propoial* having announeeaa firtt Namber 
 u an experiment, we ahoald feel ooraelvea 
 wanting in the confidence which the number 
 and reapectabiliqr of oar eorretpondentt lo 
 juitly intpwe, were we to heiitate in de- 
 elaring ouc.eonvietkHi, that the experiment 
 haa succeeded i and in vcntnring, in the 
 name of its supporters, to promise the eonr 
 tinnation of the JVorA Oeorgia Oaxette and 
 Winter Chronicle. 
 
 Having premised thus much, we proceed 
 to lay befive our.reaiders the content* of the 
 Editorlbox. 
 
 • TO TSS 
 
 EDITOR or TBB WINTER CHRONICLE. 
 
 Mr. EoiTOB^It was with real |>leasare I 
 saw in eircalation among oa, your pittpoaals 
 for a Weekly Newspaper, to, be supported 
 by original eontribatiohB from' the Gentle* 
 men of the Expedition. lam confident that' 
 such a paper will, under your oaosorship, be 
 productive of Rueh amuaement, and serve 
 to relieve the tadiitm of our hundred days 
 of darkness* ; and, in this view, we eannot 
 but consider you entitled to our best thanks . 
 for having undertaken sd troubleaome an of- 
 fice for tlie public good. » 
 
 llaviog befoee knciwo mora than one Ar«M 
 of thu kind established on boiied «hipa, I 
 m«y uke the liber^ of waraing you not to 
 
 be ditcoaraged by the siender oontribution* 
 which the first or second wc«k may he «■>• 
 pected to ponr into your box. Trae wit 
 may ; (foraqghtyoa or I ktio w, Mr. Editor^) 
 be as nodeCt as trae worth • of any odier 
 kind, alMl ircniostnot mistake that tor in- 
 capacity which may proceed oDly^frma <lif«< 
 fidence. • ■■:<•<■)■,•,, . 
 
 Tbe interest which I take in your proaMt 
 |dan has, however, enabled me to do tanft 
 than speculate apoti the probaUe snpporC 
 which your pulilication will receive at oiir 
 hands; fbr yon mast know, that, soon after 
 I met with your proposals, I iock. sodi.t# 
 liking to them, |hat i iromeiliateiy aet;t«t 
 work to find out wbatefi^t they would hat*: 
 upon our communitv at large; and I hav« 
 now roach pleasure in assuring you, in th*. 
 language or our London journala, " that 
 they hav«9 prodoced a great senutioBi in the 
 pnblie mind.** 
 
 The very day after your Prospectna ap- 
 peared, as my reporters htform me, tharoi 
 was a greater demand for ink than has b«eb' 
 known doringthe whole voyage; the grMn 
 baize of our mela tables has been ever ainOe 
 covored.with innumerable pen>parings, to 
 the great detriment, by*the-lvf, of one of 
 our servants, whose finger has been terribly 
 f^stered^by a prick he received in sweeping 
 them olF; and 1 have it from authority on 
 which you may rely, that Serjeant Martinf 
 hns, within the last week, shai*pened no lei% 
 than nine penknives. . i 
 
 It has been remarked that our table* ab- 
 solutely groan under the weight of writing 
 desks, which for months |Nut have not keen 
 "the Ucased licht;" and it is well knowft 
 that the holds nave been mwe than oneo' 
 opened of late, fbr the exprea% though noi 
 piiifessed, purpose of getting up/reth pack- 
 ages of paper, or%inialy intended bg next 
 
 * The sun was ninety-six days below the horizon. 
 
 t Theseijeant of the Royal Artillery who accompanied Captain Sabine 
 
 ' (.' 
 
 B 
 

 "■"mumtm^*:- 
 
 1^ 
 
 ii 
 
 'V 
 
 f 1 
 
 year's oonnimption, but which ii now. des- 
 tiued to grace your file. 
 
 "One gentieinan," myi my coireipon- 
 ilent, " more sly than the rest, tbouglit he 
 bid eluded oar TigUanee; hi* cheat lay in 
 the hatchway to be opened, he uxk the op- 
 portunity, while he thought nobody was 
 loolting, to wrap some old clothes round the 
 square package of paper, before he lifted it 
 out. But as ne was walking off with them 
 into his cabin, I saw one of the comers of 
 the tin box shining bright through an unfor- 
 tunate hole in an old flannel waistcoat. 
 When I taxed him with it, he coloured 
 deepty, (strong qrmptoms, Mr. Editor!) 
 fend ran off, declaring most vehemently, that 
 it was only a canister of gingerbread nuts ! 
 'Nuts, indeed, they were,' adds my face- 
 tious friend, ' nuts for the editor !' " 
 
 Nor i> the information, of which I am in 
 
 gosseuion, confined simply to this{ for I 
 ave pried more deeply into the business, 
 and have before me secret intelligence of no 
 less than seven litfmry contributions in em- 
 bryo, with which the brains of as many 
 yeaithful compositors have been teeming ever 
 since }-our Prospectus «ppeared. I could 
 tell you, if I chose, to which department, 
 among those you have enumerated, each of 
 these oelongs; but as I have no doubt that 
 they will all appear in your pagtis in their 
 proper time and place, I shall say no more 
 at present about them. 
 
 For my own part, Mr. Editor, such is tlie 
 opinion lentertain of your plan, that I have 
 nsolved, unless you hy upon me an abso* 
 lute prdiibition, to make a oO^ of each pa- 
 per while it is in circulation. For, I con- 
 fess, that I anticipate from ynur pages a fund 
 (tf rational amusement, not only for the 
 enfnings of this our arctic winter, but tor 
 th(>se of many a future one, which we all 
 hope to spend happily in Old England ; and 
 I cannot nelp looking forward to the time 
 when a paragraph of the Winter Chronicle, 
 read aloud round some oheerfal fire-side, 
 may draw a tear of pride and pleasure from 
 the eye of an aged parent, an affectionate 
 wife, or a beloved sister. 
 
 I remain, Mr. Editor, 
 
 Your friend and well-wisher, 
 Pbuo Comds. 
 
 P. 8. I forgot to mention to yon, that I 
 have some reason to suspect an attempt will 
 occasionally be made to slide into your box 
 communications which are not quite origi- 
 nal, and therefore not qsite corresponding 
 with your plan; for a gentleman was seen at 
 hia desk late the other night, with a volume 
 of the Spectator before him, while he was 
 thawingnis ink over a lamp. With all due 
 deference to your extensive reading, I think 
 it right to put you on your guai^ against 
 such uttempts ; for I have no idea, Mr. Edi- 
 tor, of being^'obliged to read in the fVinter 
 
 Chronicle what our great grandfathers con- 
 ned over at their breakfast tables more than 
 a centui7 ago. 
 
 For the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 The travels of the renowned Baron Mun- 
 chausen, which I recollect reading when a 
 boy, furnish strong proofs of ilie very sin- 
 gular effects resulting from extreme cold ; 
 and as it seems probable we may have to en- 
 counter a greater severity of weather than 
 even that illustrious personage experienced, 
 I think any idea conducive to the general 
 or individual good of our companions, should 
 not be hoarded in selfish concealment, but 
 liberally given to this little world. 
 
 After the frost shall have exhausted all its 
 usual effects of fixing the brandy bottle to 
 tlie tips, freezing the water in the tea*kettle 
 on the fire, congealing sounds, converting 
 sighs into showers of snow, and briny tears 
 into icicles, is it not probable that it may 
 reduce the temperature of the human body 
 so low, as to interfere with the internal eco- 
 nomy, compelling the blood to roll through 
 the veins and arterieii in the form of peas, 
 dropping one by one into the proper cavities 
 of the heart, and being again discharged 
 from thence like small shot ? Now, Irhen 
 matters shall have arrived at such a pitch as 
 tbiSj there is something in the hearty sto- 
 mach, or bowelk, (I think the former,) of 
 many young men called /otw, which though 
 very hut in its nature, must at length ac- 
 knowledge the frlgorifie influence. What 
 then will be the result f We know that, 
 even in the comparatively warm climate of 
 Russia, some sorts of liquor are frozen to 
 snch a degree, that the whole strength is 
 concentrated, perhaps, into one fiveFhan- 
 dredth part of its orfginal apaee. Now, 
 should this be the case with love, fierce and 
 burning in its present state, to what a depto- 
 rable situation must it reduce the unfortu- 
 nate victim f — if he attempts to breathe, 
 emitting flames like a fabled dragon, while 
 the dissolving blood rushes along in copious 
 streams, and after each i^espiration as sud- 
 denly congeals. But, oh httrrorl horrwl 
 should he have accustomed himself to Uie 
 use of spirit* — on tbe first kindling of the 
 fliime, tip he goes like a shell, a mine, a rock- 
 et! Think of this in time, gentle youths, 
 whose sensibility may have betrayed you into 
 love, who « have drank the soft poison of 
 a speaking eye." Root it from your boeoma 
 ere the catastrophe arrives with persevering 
 fortitude and resolution, and deposit this soft 
 delusive something where it may be at band 
 for use in a milder dime ; there only can it 
 avail: — then, when the moment arrives which 
 shews you the other terrific symptoms I havo 
 mentioned, you will hail me as your friend, 
 your guardian, youir benefaetor. 
 
 FBOsncrs. 
 
Id 
 
 IT Chrmikle. 
 
 Should mf oonjMGtnrei prove correct, 
 ' would it not be a natioiMd benefit to make a 
 tumpike-rcmd from Hitten't Bay to this 
 (livary region .' How many married pairt 
 might here revive the almost extinct tparkt 
 of rfgard, and a* aoon aa iheir boaoroa were 
 sufficiently warmed, aet off and avoid the 
 dangers of combustion ! 
 
 For the Winter Chronkle. 
 
 ABcnC MtSKBIBa. 
 
 Geisc out in a winter morning for the par- 
 pose of taking a walk, and before you have 
 proceeded ten yarda from the ship, geUing a 
 cold bath in the cook's steep hole*. 
 
 When on a hunting excuraioo, and being 
 close to a fine deer, after aevcral attem|>Uto 
 fire, discovering that your piece is neither 
 
 primed nor loaded, while the aaimal** four 
 legs are employeu » carrying away the 
 body- 
 Setting out with a piece of new bread in 
 your powet on a shooting party, and when 
 you feel inclined to eat it, having oeeaskm to 
 observe that it is sofnoen that your teeth 
 will not penetrate it. 
 
 Being called from table by intellicenee 
 that a wolf is approaching ilie vessels, which, 
 on closer inspeclkm, proves to be a dogi on 
 going again below, detecting the cat iu run- 
 ning on withkyour dinner. 
 
 Retaining on board your ship afler an 
 evening viut in a contemplative humour, 
 and being roused from a pleasing reverie by 
 the close embrace of a bMr. 
 
 Sitting down in antiaipatkm of a comfort- 
 able breakfiut, and fincnng that the tea, by 
 mistake, ia made of salt water. 
 
 Out Comic At. 
 
 On the Cmnmencement tf the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 TO enliven the moments, while Winter steals on 
 With a too tardy pace, be the care of each one; 
 Let raiiGoor and malice be banish'd aiar. 
 Unworthy the pen or the heart of a tar! 
 The fire of true wit may shine vivid hmI bright, 
 Untinctw^ with satire— unproinpted by spite ; 
 We are few, and immured in a desolate spot. 
 Then l<A *nj7> resentment, and pride be forgot ; 
 And while Faie may keep us so near one anuthtr. 
 Let each one oonsUer bis friend as a brother; 
 We shaH still find enough to enlnrge on, no doubt> 
 Tho* we have not Uie charms of a>ill or a rout 
 The mind philosophic may often impart 
 Some iostmetion from nature, some process of art; 
 Morality too may embellish the page. 
 And by soft winning precepts attention engage ; 
 The sportsman with pleasure may lead us to view 
 The toils and the triumphs he oft has gone through ; 
 And each daily occurrence roaj somewhat afford. 
 Not unworthy to offer at Dame Reason^s board : 
 And thus each unfolding the gifts of his mind. 
 While diffnsing his knowledge, yet haply may find. 
 That though wnat he gives ne'er reduces his store. 
 He oft by this interennrse adds something more. 
 Then let me solicit a part of your leisure 
 To be weekly devoted to giving us pleasoyre ; , 
 And thus 1 conclude with gooilwishes most fervent, 
 And beg to subscribe, your obsequious servant, 
 
 Amibt. 
 
 For the Winter Chronick. 
 
 TO chase the dull inactive hours away, 
 Resolved nem. con., that we shbuld have a play; 
 The plAy is fix'd on— characters all cast. 
 Parts learnt, and lo ! the first rehearsal past ! 
 Glum cried — " Twill do, but to ensure success, 
 " You'll ask some friend to write you an address," 
 
 * A hole in the ice for steeping salt meat, 8cc. 
 
 
 y- 
 
 
 "V, 
 
 -'-^ft— L 
 
14 
 
 m, 1 
 
 ri 
 
 'V 
 
 i?*«}j 
 
 
 i 1 
 
 It""^ 
 
 
 if-' I 
 
 Bff-=^i^''A 
 
 
 11^ 1 
 
 Kl * ^ 
 
 '^'' s 
 
 11 
 
 P'^ 
 
 ^^t^l 
 
 M^\ ' 
 
 
 BK '^ 
 
 ^^■:.;-,. '^'^ 
 
 ith the Miina|;er-^' adxookt, yoaVe right, 
 
 I dreaa we're in a pretty plight ; 
 
 lall write it ? Marry, theiv** the raVy 
 
 '• Ell ?» quoth 
 •« Without ai' 
 
 "But who shall 
 
 " We have no contnteree with that atreet called Grob." 
 Strut Kem'd perplex'd— luok'd thoafihtfal— took hit noff, 
 •• Egpd, I have it— let us send for Puff* ! 
 '* PufTis our man— he'll spin as his heroics, 
 "And luelt the audience, if they are not stoics." 
 •• Yoo want a jPu^," cries Glum—'* that's very true, 
 " But, Mr. PuffTl tell you, will not do; 
 " He'd write, no doubt, a mighty rn-etty ttory, 
 " Tell yoa of Rnglaiidls pride, of E gland's glory ; 
 " How that her sons advent'roiis sallied forth, 
 ' " And what's been done in regions thus far north & 
 '• But this, I take it, is too fine by half, 
 
 '< We want, my friends, something to make us laug^; ^ 
 
 " Something to help a lame dog o'er the stile, 
 *< And make our play a tedious hoar beguile." 
 " Still Puff's our man," cried Strut, •• I haTe no doubt 
 <* He'll do the thing, and bring all this about i 
 ** Por tho' he dabbles high in epic lore, 
 " He can descend and make the boxes roar ;— • 
 " Aye, Pit and Gallery too— for he is a poet 
 '*0t more than coi^moh stamp, and you shall know it." 
 Thus, Mr Editor, the aCfair was settled. 
 Strut was well pleased, and Glum anpear'd half nettled ; 
 While we look forward to the eventful night. 
 To prove Glum wrong— the manager quite right. 
 
 Theatre Royal, North Georgia. 
 
 The Publie are respectfully informed, that the Theatre will open, for the fint tiice, 
 
 ON FRIDAY NEXT. NOVEMBERS, 1819, 
 
 When will be performed Garrick's celebrated Farce of 
 
 MISS IN HER TEENS; 
 
 OB, 
 
 THE MEDLEY OF LOVEBS. 
 
 MEN. 
 Sir Simon Loveit, Mr. Xtas. Captain Lavelt, Mr. GRimTHS. 
 
 Fribble, Mr. Parbt. 
 Puff, Mr. Waksham. 
 
 Captain Flash, Mr. BcsBirAJr. 
 Jasper, Mr. Homrut. 
 
 WOMEN. 
 
 Miss Biddy, Mr. Bkkchbt. Aunt, Mr. BiETERtsr. Tap, Mr. Hoopbh. 
 
 SONGS, by Messrs. Skene, Paimeb, and Busuxa^v, will be introduced between tbe Aett 
 
 Previous to the Perfnrnianee, 
 
 AN APPROPRIATE ADDRESS, 
 
 Written expressly for the Oecasion, will be spoken by Mr. Wakehav. 
 Door* vrill open at ffalf-patt Six, and the Curtain irill ritgpreciiely at Seven. 
 
 TO 
 
 AtBBST's Enigma in our nexK 
 
 Akicus's " Prologue to Miss in her Teent^ 
 to be spokrn after the opening Address," 
 has been received. The Editor lakes the 
 hbertv nf suggesting, that the Manager of 
 the Theatre is the person to whom it 
 should have been sent. It is not yet too lat.o 
 
 CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 to be so sent ; and when spoken, it would 
 appear iti due course in our Theatrical 
 Report. 
 Wc are requested to state, that a humorous 
 Epilogue to JtSag in her Teena would add 
 considerably to tbe nhnusements of Friday 
 evening. , 
 
 • The part of PiiJ", in Mias in her Teena, was to be performed by Mr. Wakeham, wh6 
 wrote the opening address. 
 
 ••/ 
 
 ■^-'—Tm- d-m^ ■--' r ■■ 
 
15 
 
 NAmemHi commiMMalMMi, entitled '<A 
 Probl-rm," has been reeei?ed. We take 
 thia opportanitj to ramerk, that we eonal- 
 der that it fallt within the plan of oar Pa> 
 per, to admit qoeationt which may ezer- 
 eiie the ingenuitj of our Readera, and 
 fumiah occupation in their aolution ; but 
 it ia neeetaary, in order to render lueh 
 questions worthy the occasion, that thev 
 should possess a eertain degree of origi- 
 
 nality, and reqain nor* tlum a ven vrtS' 
 nary knowledge taresolye them. If our 
 friend Nautieua will refer to any of the 
 Elementary Treatiaea on Aritkmetie or 
 Algebra, he will And nnder the Bolea of 
 Poaition, or of Simple Eonatkma, muaf 
 very similar examplea to Ms, propoaed nr 
 tlie student** inatmetion, and the mddeof 
 thehr resolutkm ej(plaia«d. 
 
 No. IL— MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1819. 
 
 Ttkg, Mr. HooFEB. 
 ced between the Acts 
 
 nrhen spoken, it would 
 i-se in our Theatrical 
 
 state, that a hnniorous 
 t her Teent would add 
 ainus«:ments of Friday' 
 
 Mr. Wakeharo,whd 
 
 StRCK our first Number haa been in eir- 
 eulation, we ha«e reeeired varioas commu> 
 nieations of encouragement, and assuranrea 
 of support, confirming the persnaaion which 
 we Tentured to avow in our last Number, 
 that the Winter Chronicle is no longer an 
 experiment. Aa in the days of oneonquered 
 Rome, it waa deemed no less than a capital 
 offence to entertain doubts of the aafety of 
 the commonwealth ; so we certainly will not 
 set the example of bad oitizenriiip, by per- 
 mitting a suspicion to take possession of our 
 minds, that the united talenta and exertions 
 of our little community will prove inade- 
 quate to support a design which is deemed 
 conducive to the public good. 
 
 From the above-mentioned commonica' 
 tions we have selected the one which we pre- 
 sent to our readers, from a correspondent 
 who swns himself " A plain Matter-of-Fact 
 Man,** beoanse it coincides with our own 
 aentimenta on the subject. .>. i > 
 
 Mr. EnrroB — I hope you will not think 
 me behind-hand in assuring you of the plea- 
 aurel received on reading your proposala 
 eircniated amongst us — a pleasure not less 
 sincere than that of those who have been be- 
 fore me in expressing it. 1 felt also the pro- 
 Jtriety of your appeal to your well-wirtiers 
 or (heir timely support, ind counting my- 
 self in that number, I was very desirous to 
 have eoroplied with your request ; but, Mr. 
 Editor, I will freely eonteu, that after puz- 
 zling my head a long time to no purpose, I 
 was forced to give the matter up, m utter 
 despair of finding a subject upon which "A 
 plain Matter-ot-Fact Man," as I profess 
 myself to be, could address you with any 
 prospect of entertainment to your readera. 
 Yet, as day passed after day, I felt less and 
 less satisfied to rest without making an at- 
 tempt, at least, to contribute my portion to 
 the nnersi fond. 
 
 The otgect of your Paper being our amuse- 
 ment, 1 consider it alike the mtercst and 
 business of every individual who is pleased 
 with such an estahlishment amongst us, to 
 do something towards its support ; for j if we 
 do not fuitiish ;fOu with communications, 
 Mr. Editor, nothing is more plain than that 
 
 you cannot fiirnish iu with ptpen : and, it 
 daring the Winter, » Monday shall aris* 
 without a Winter Chnnicb to grace our 
 breakfastrtaMes, we shall, indeed, by cor 
 baekwardaesa have deprived ourselves (hi 
 words so jastly and feelingly need br yoor 
 eorresftondient Philo-Comus, and which I 
 repeat to impresa them more stranglT on 
 your readers) of ">A sooree of rational 
 amnsement not only for the evenings of this 
 oar Arctic Winter, but of many afutura 
 ODe, when a paragraph of the Winter Chn- 
 titctg, re«d aloud around some eheerfal fire- 
 side, may draw a tear of pride and pleaaore 
 from the eye of an aged parent, an ^aflee- 
 tkmate wife, or a beloved sister." 
 
 Yoa will readily conceive, then, Mr. Edi- 
 tor, that I was not a little cheered at the sa- 
 tisnction which yoa expressed in your first 
 Number, and at the confident manner in 
 which yott announced yoor persuaition of 
 Amher and suflicient aid. But, do not sap* 
 pose that yoor correspondents hitherto have 
 borne an^ pr(q)ortion, in point of numbmr, 
 to that ofyoar well-wishers, or of those who 
 will eventoally assist in fillinc yoor colamna. 
 I have reason to know, that! was not sfaign- 
 Isr in the embairrassment which deprived 
 me of the gratification of seeing my signature 
 in the list « your earliest contributors : and, 
 that there are not a few persons who are 
 only waiting to form their judgment on tlie 
 son of eomiAtthication which will be accept- 
 able, and who will fall into your rinks, one 
 by one. 
 
 I would,, therefore, add my voice to that 
 of your more experienced eorrespondent, 
 Philo-Comus, that yoa be not diaeoora|ed 
 by the alender eontribotk>ns of the first Mw 
 weeks. 
 
 I would also remind those who are yet si- 
 lent from the cause which haa been just as- 
 signed, that tiow is the time when support ia 
 most needed t when, if every preson will 
 put his, shoulder to the wheel in earnest, 
 (and eaeh individual may command his own 
 exertions,^ there can be no doubt that your 
 Paper will go on with apirit. 
 
 Permit me to subscribe myself. 
 Your occasional .Correspondeaf , 
 
 A FLAUI MATTBn.OF*FACT MaK. 
 
 lisiii*,^. 
 
 ,r 
 
 \ 
 
 

 m 
 
 ttUrWlClL BUDtT. 
 
 Tn theatre opened on Fridaj evening 
 with the tarae of " Miai hi her Teens *' pre- 
 ceded by an address, written and spoken by 
 Mr. Wakeham. 
 
 We have been favoared with a eopjr of this 
 prodaetion, with whieh we shall present oar 
 readers in one of oar subsequent eolumns. 
 IVehave only to express oar persuasion that 
 there oan be but one opinion ot its merit, and 
 shall only add, that we think the ^ctor 
 ■earoely did justiee to tlie .^itthor ,• prolMbly 
 from the dindence natural to a man in re 
 citing his own verses. 
 
 Two appn^riate songs were introdueed 
 between the aets, by Messrsk dkene and 
 Palmer, and were received with much ap- 
 plause. 
 
 Havinjp; been obligingly famished with 
 copies or them, we shall offer no apology to 
 our readers for inserting them for their pe- 
 rasal. We understanathat these are also 
 from the pen of Mr. Wakeham ; nor have 
 ve yet sttted, if we are rightly informed, 
 the extent of our obligation to his Muse, 
 aince we derived much aiausement from an 
 epilogue said to be written by him for the 
 oeeasm, at a few hoars' notice, and spoken 
 with great spirit by Mrs. Tag and Jasper, 
 in character: we regret that our limits do 
 not allow us to give this production a pfaiee 
 in our pages. 
 
 Persons who are not familiar with the ex- 
 pedients which are resorted to, to produce 
 eSeet with very deficient means, would have 
 been astonished at the manner in whieh this 
 entertainment was Kot up, under eiroum* 
 stances the most disadvantageous that can be 
 concehred ; for, we know that not an article 
 of soenety, deeorations, or dresses, was em- 
 barked in either ship for this puipose, and 
 yet we venture to assert, that, few provincial 
 theatres in England would have excelled 
 ours in either of these respects. 
 
 The scenery was painted under the direc- 
 tk» of Ideutenant Beechey, who has also 
 obligingly undertaken Uie management of 
 the theatre. 
 
 The characters were supported throughout 
 with great spirit and propnety , and we con- 
 sider that our thann are especially due to 
 the gentlemen who took the female parts, 
 which were performed with no inconsidera- 
 ble share of animation, and feminine deli- 
 cacy. 
 
 A.t the conclusion of the epilogiie, die 
 street scene riring, diseovered the whole of 
 die Dramatis Personie, who struck up '• God 
 save the King," hi whieh they were joined by 
 many of the audience with great enthusitism, 
 and the curtain fell amid lood and repeated 
 apajanse. 
 
 We congratulate the performers, /as well 
 as the rest of our community, upon this 
 soeoeHfitl eommenaement of our theatrieal 
 
 entertainments. Amoaement was the sole 
 object for which they were undertaken— 
 that ol^ect hu thus far been etwipletely ac- 
 complished, and we sfaieerely trust that no- 
 thbig will occur to prevent their regular con- 
 tinuance. 
 
 We are aware thai to effect this, then 
 are many difficulties to overcome. We un- 
 derstand that one of the most serious of 
 these, and which proves how little expecta- 
 tion was formed of our havin| leisure or in- 
 clination to attempt a play during the voyage, 
 is the verv small eolieetion of dramatic 
 work* whien the manamr hp^ iieen aLle to 
 muster in both shipr : k that it becomes a 
 matter not of choice, but of necessity, to act 
 those only which hapjien to be on board. 
 
 A considerable propOrtioa of these must 
 of course, be unfit me the limited means 
 which our theatre possesses; but we fetl 
 persuaded that nothing will be left undone 
 to give them all the effect which these meana 
 afford. 
 
 We cannot conclude our raport without 
 indulging for a moment one pleasine consi- 
 deration, whieh the occasion naturally sug- 
 gests. 
 
 What delight would notour friends in En- 
 gland experience, could they be informed of 
 our present situation, and of the means we 
 are thus eraploving to render it, not merely 
 tolerable, bnt cheerful and happy! If any 
 incitement were wanting to msike each of us 
 persevero in contributing his share towards 
 the general amusement, this consideration 
 would empty furnish it : nor should we faH 
 to remark, that cheerfulness, which is al- 
 ways amiable as a privdie virtue, becomea 
 in our case, almost a public duty ; and, that 
 he who uses his best endeavours to encou- 
 rage it, takes at once the mott effectual me- 
 thod to promote his own coinfort, and to be- 
 nefit the public service. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 on THE OPBRIirO OF THE TBIATK a07ij., 
 SoaTB QEOBBIA, 
 
 Written and Spoken by Mr. WAKxauc. 
 
 Rkpob'd from war— triumphant in the field 
 Where resou'd Europe's desdny was seal'd ; 
 No foe to eombat on the rolling wave. 
 No injur'd monarah that her sword might 
 
 save, 
 Twas still our much lov'd countiy'sglorioas 
 
 claim 
 TosUnd pre-eminent, unmatched in fhme. 
 And in the paths of Science yet to find 
 The liberal plan to benefit mankind. 
 Far in the North an unknown region {tf. 
 Where growing icecongeai'd the liquid way. 
 Tethere it seemHlColumbia'ls bending shoiv, 
 Stretch'd westward, heard Pacific Oeean^s 
 
 roar. 
 
 7/ 
 
ly 
 
 d eoanttyl glorioai 
 
 Full oft in e«rtier day*, had Britoni tried 
 To force « patMge throach the arretted tide. 
 But tried in vain, tho' with intrepid akitl 
 Penisting long, in spite ofevVy ill. 
 By happier fortune led, twa> oun to prore 
 Thua far, uuoheekNi by land, the watera 
 
 And iee-cnenmber'd here to win odr way 
 'Mid tile long lonihine of an aratie day. 
 
 But now for eoming •tormi and frigid air 
 Approaehing Winter iiidt nt well prepare, 
 The Sun retiring* searee illamea the iky. 
 Swift driving mows in eireling eddies fly. 
 And soon no gladd'ning ray shall gild our 
 
 noon, 
 But from the radiant stars, or changing 
 
 moon.. 
 While thus inaetive we are doom'd to stay. 
 To cheer the Hng'ring hourb— behold a play. 
 And tho* we boast not power by tcenio art 
 To warm the passions^ or affeet the heart ; 
 Yet here seenre we tread— no eritie'a eye 
 Is bent, with eager gaze, each fault to soy t 
 Amusement all our aim, if that sueeeed. 
 Our with is gain'd — nor ask we other msed. 
 But, when emerging (rom stem Winter's 
 
 tomb, 
 Reviviiig Spring shall chase the dreaiy 
 
 gloom. 
 And genial warmth, expanding o'er the 
 
 plain. 
 Pour melting snows in twrcnts to the main, 
 When rustling winds, with all resistless 
 
 aweep. 
 Unlock the fetter'd sur&ee of the decp-^ 
 Then with new ardour will we onward hie 
 To seek a passage 'neath this Polar sky ; 
 Firm h> our Leaders' care, who still have 
 
 shown 
 The great resolve, the daring deed their 
 
 own. 
 Nor— if that Power, whose providential sway 
 The burning suns and meaner orbs obey, 
 Approving smile— will we the task give o'er 
 Till southern surges round our vessels mar ; 
 Then with glad Sails welt plough the foam- 
 
 <ng seas, 
 Delighted, list'ning to the swelling breeze 
 That swil't impels lis to Britannia^ shore,' 
 To love, to friendship, and our homes once 
 
 more. 
 
 For the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 SKIOXA. 
 
 I OWB my birth to every clime 
 Found in the spacious rolls of time. 
 Proud cities have I overthrown. 
 Yet am subservient to a olown ; 
 
 * The day preceding that on whieh this 
 Address was spokeo wits the last that we had 
 seen the sun above the horizon for an inter- 
 ▼al 0f ninety-six days. 
 
 Nor, if he wishes, can reftise 
 To dress his tbod, or alean his shoes. 
 Oft when some pedlar lA the street 
 Has tried too kmg the praetisM elieat. 
 To me the mgoe they quickly draw. 
 To punish witnont iitrn of law. 
 
 In ladies* rooms eaflh asom I'm fimnd. 
 Preparing for the toilet's round t 
 I wantAn o'er the fragrant breaat. 
 The poutmg lips by me are presrd i 
 Nor does tl£e veriest prod* oisdain 
 To use me thus, or e'er eompliio ; 
 Yet ofl, when visits they would nuke, 
 If I the fair onea overtake, 
 They quickly fly me in despair. 
 And seek a ooaeh, a house, a chair. 
 The warrior, ere he meets a foe, 
 Wooa me assisUnoe to bestow. 
 Oft have I kept him iTrom the fight, •% 
 Oft eheek'd at once hlit hasty flight, % 
 And eloaed his eyes in endless nig^t 3 
 Britannia owes to me her pow'r, 
 I keep the Gaul from eoming o'er, 
 And oft have borne her gallant fleet. 
 To where the foemen they m%ht meet. 
 My absenee has been known to foil 
 Her sailors'skill and utmoat toil ; 
 But when I eame their toil waa o'ei:. 
 And viet'ry theirs, as oft before. 
 AiniMig the clouds I'm known to dwells . 
 And frequent from that height I've fell ; 
 Yet aometimes in the ambient ahr 
 I float, in form extremely fair; 
 At others, not the strongest rate 
 Of men eouM lift me from my place. 
 Pm hear you now, and ev'ry day. 
 Can you not yet my name displny i 
 Foil sure I am, wKen next you dine, 
 You It swallow me before your wine. 
 
 AlAUT. 
 
 TO COBBESPOXDBNTS. 
 
 On6 of our Correspondents requests to be 
 informed, whether the lame di^ which ap< 
 peared on the Stage*, when the Address 
 was spoken, be the tame dog alluded to by 
 Q in the lines inserted In our last Number. 
 
 At the suggestion of another Correspondent, 
 the Editor takes the opportunity of stating, 
 for general information, that the eonlenu 
 of his box will be sut^eot to his inspection 
 alone, and that should the hand-wrldne 
 create any suspicion of the author, it will 
 be confined to himself. 
 
 Unaeknowledged oommunioations stand over 
 for insertion. 
 
 The Songs by Messrs. isxn and Vts.Tti», 
 in our next. 
 
 * A dog that had heen lamed some time 
 before, and happened tocome limpingonth^ 
 Sti^ immtKihtely after Mr. Wakehani. 
 
■Mmmmmmmmtmi 
 
 §B 
 
 No. III.— MONDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1819. 
 
 'J 
 -I 
 
 I 
 
 1'. 
 
 M 
 
 I \ 
 
 i' : 
 
 vi- I ; 
 
 II 
 
 Snrov the miblicatlon of Fronttoat'a let- 
 ter in our firit Number, we htre received 
 varioua eommunieationi on the lubjeet whieh 
 he h«i treuted in lo experienced and reeling 
 a miinner. Several of oor oorreBpondents 
 (and cipeoially m far ai we ean Judge bjr 
 their Myle, iht goun^er onei,) teem to have 
 beoome already leniible of the senutiont 
 whieh are there M abljr deieribed, although 
 the thermometer haa not yet fallen below 
 *^5*. The earlier ■ymutomi leem, indeed, 
 lb be mueh the aame in all eaim, and aro ex- 
 preued with a flueney whioh pertaadei ui 
 that the writcn have them eontinually at 
 their fingera'endv. 
 
 We feel, therefore, that we may be eon- 
 ferring a benefit on the public by inserting, 
 for the pernaal of our youthful correipon- 
 denta in general, the following letter, in 
 which a remedy (vainly aougbt wr in Proa* 
 tioua'a oommnnioation, on which account 
 heavy and grievoua arc the coroplainta) ia 
 propoaed fur one of the ayniptoma of thia 
 diseaae, which, without aome effort being 
 made to eradicate it, bida fair to becomo ep£ 
 deroic amongrt ua: aa the author aigna hin(i« 
 aeir PMlotophiau, and writea very unintelli- 
 gibly about "marrowy aucculency, aculeate 
 points." he, Kt leait to thoae '* whoae pro* 
 penaitiea" have not led them with him to 
 the atudy of ^'Phar^ma-co lo-gi-oal worka," 
 we eenolude that he conaidera himaelf well 
 quulifled to offer advice In auoh deapente 
 caaea. 
 
 Mr. fiDiTOH.— Having recovered a little 
 from the alarm excited oy Fi>o»tioua'a inte- 
 reating and loientiflo letter, I began to rumi- 
 nate upon the other woiiderftil phpnoraena, 
 which the inteniity of the cold might pro- 
 duce upon our ayitem. An evil ahortly oc- 
 curred to me, whioh, although of minor im- 
 portance in itaeif, would be produolive (if not 
 immediately warded off,) of the dire catas- 
 trophe so ably deMrlbed in the communica- 
 tion alluded to, 
 
 Aa no doubt yon are impatient to learti 
 the fruits of my meditations, I shnll, without 
 furth^lr preamble, praeeed to lay them be- 
 fore you. 
 
 Having gathered from the medical writers 
 I have perused, (which by-the<by have been 
 very numerous, as I have a propensity tor 
 Pharmacoloeioal works,) that hair, like the 
 horn of a bull, goat, or ram, is filled with a 
 marrowy succulenoyt and, as a very trifling 
 degree of cold more than what we nave ex- 
 perienced, will cause congelation in these 
 exposed parts, the heads and bodies of our 
 little oommupity will be coverad wiUi innu- 
 merable aculeate poiata, which, if brought 
 
 (; 
 
 in contact whh their own or other people'li 
 flesh, will make ao many orifioea, through 
 which the external air will find an eaay ac- 
 ceaa to the inmost receasea of the veina, and 
 immedhitely produce that extraordinary glo- 
 bosity of the blood, which ia ao philosophical- 
 ly and prophetically treated by Froatwus. 
 
 Now, Mr, Editor, I have no doubt you 
 will concur with me in seeing the necessity 
 ^as one mode of guarding against this alarm - 
 ng phenomenon,) of strikmg at the root of 
 eveiy evil that may produce it ; for which 
 purpose, I propioae that every individual 
 cranium, whlsken, he, be submitted to the 
 tonsurial operator, and that all the instru- 
 ments which can be mastered, be instantly 
 put in order for the purpose, before the cold 
 rendera this step impracticable. 
 
 As I am fully aware of the interest you 
 take in the public weal, I tmat you will con- 
 aider my anxiety to avert the impending 
 danger, a sufficient apology for treapaaaing ao 
 long upon your valuable time. 
 I remain, tec 
 
 Phiumopbiccs. 
 
 Vie hope our oorreapondenta may derive 
 aome relief from thia learned communica- 
 tion : but aa the propoaed operation ia raUier 
 an uncomfortable one, and if not attended by 
 the effects which the writer anticipates, may 
 be a dangerous one in this bleak climate, we 
 take the liberty of suggesting that Philoso* 
 
 Shicus should first try the experiment upon 
 imself, especially as shaving the head is 
 Hrell known to be efficacious in more cases 
 than one ! If after he has submitted his head 
 to the " tonsorial operator," he will favour 
 OS with a further communication, and it shall 
 appear that he has himself materially bene- 
 fited, we are confident that even the most 
 desperate eases will find relief in follotcing 
 his example. 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 OF 
 
 COUNSELLOR PUZZLEWELL, 
 
 In the Court of Common Smte, in Arctic 
 Lund, be/ore Chief Justice OnnzoBr and 
 a Special Jury. 
 
 In the Came Editor v. Non-Contributors. 
 " My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jun-, 
 •< After the very able and perspieuoua ad- 
 dressof my learned friend, Philo-Comus, I 
 should have submitted the cause of my client 
 to your candid and impartialjadginent with- 
 oat a remark, had not Mr. Seijeant ' Plain 
 Matter-of-Fnct Man,* besides f(4lowingmy 
 learned brother through almost every point 
 of his statement, charged my clienta with 
 
 rf 
 
i9 
 
 nogleetfng tktir 'kitereit and bmiiMMt' 
 beeauM, forMoUi, tbev wern unabltorva- 
 ^autm jo « do <wa«UitDgk' ju* at tho tine 
 he ihiokt they ought (o do it. Now. my 
 Lord and Gaatlemeii, aa the learned Ser- 
 jeant baa Mt out with deelarioc hinaelf 
 equally milty for a enniiderable time, and 
 Ibrrebeing no law wbieh flxea a determinate 
 period for the prodoetioa of < these aorae- 
 tbingi,' I eonecive the delajr will appear to 
 ^»^**^ •? *''• urdy operation of nature, 
 jmeh we have frequentlv aeen apreadinc 
 the daeteia weed iia rank luxuriarie^ while 
 IhedBlieioua fruit and beauteoua flower 
 aknrlV attain perleetion. 
 
 «ft»iring«.t«dtbiam»eh hi vin4i<»ti<Mi of 
 »Jr ellentt, I tbail awpit your verdlet. In fttll 
 ionlldenee that h will eaubliah t|ieir eharM* 
 
 ^Aliir a nrdlet Ibr therdeflmdanta bad 
 •Mb ^prOMoneed, and reeeit«d with krad 
 Mitaination^ t<ie Cdonaellor itti^aiedr the 
 ivmat, that he had been inatmetfed' to ex. 
 greMtheinleiitioo of hia olieota, not t%|e 
 ^bebind-haQd" In affbrdiog thT EditoTt&t 
 abpfiMI tir which hit (trenuoua and liberal 
 •cxertiona fiir the publie amuaenent ab juitly 
 entitle him. v ' 
 
 M«. Ei<ifoB.~The antieipatkiq ao i^eaf 
 •"Py wp««e<» «« yourilwt Number, W 
 your ablrCorrespondent, PhUo-Ck>mua, ai;d 
 repMted In the weond by the « Plain Mit- 
 te<^or-raat Man,* njf « mnat^ of ratkmiil 
 anna^meou Itc. 8ce. fce., had taken meh 
 ^li?2r'^*^ my mind, that after ha»tet 
 "Y'^'^.Wy mwntwoforaoipetblng to 
 MMR in filling fCftt- eolomna, alunber aup> 
 
 ElMf hat my jraking tboogbta^^ hwapa. 
 leofprodaoiHg. ffaneled myaelf v^afcd 
 S«» *»| po*«P«f reropving, at a with, from 
 Phee ^ rti^; Wd being* trwfM^ Mth a 
 •ott^raftertireof eurloaltT,aa well aa a 
 fl^^iiP?^ oJ-lMte ftir Mienee.t waa 
 imiifJdiately.oniMabiogEndland, (oreoorte 
 my «m with.) Ktdo4 inS;^ mlilHof an 
 ■jaemblage of beauty, fluhim, and talent, at 
 ^ 17\ '" -^— "tt^. As I wat «n. 
 Known I bMl an opppftaui^ of eontemplat- 
 in|^ M lei«n«^;di»; oMi by wIpM I waa 
 amwoumMViMi hhne^of ioveUtMrbeloce 
 me^owupioil mr^^iabd my attention fbr 
 
 SS?ilS!!l!i^-2*^ L*''^~«* to^notiae the 
 wllectioB oCpj^^ea, d|^ „«-. 
 
 iX'^'^^fi'i^'^ '■» *w«~«ion, 
 riS li^""?*^ «« the «pri*km^itfc«,ted 
 my *•» A jKNmg lady, the imtta of ber 
 
 ti^aafettdilpf"^ wews the Brrt^^ilSit 
 ■Mt my ean when le biuB«d Uie fi<— ^; der 
 
 r 
 
 bluih &i>Md itoeir cm kwiVfSf «lMek^ 
 • i^A. »o lem aodden, taeiewM. A valMd 
 frkntf b we perkapa. th(M|ht t • A-MW 
 tever hi tha other. WaMon Caaid. what 
 trijbwf^ionptayfafwUhotf IWtawid 
 ^ 'gweli^pMaed my Itoa belbr^ theasHM 
 ORMie^ and I beheld a youMr MMl 
 "^"l.*^' fMUniag on a ao^ Imt 
 
 eham 
 «^ea 
 
 . NeUniag 
 with teavf. She 
 
 and.p«|ak»ate|y «riad, •• Where w ny -3 
 (MaptemM not be M4, Mr. Editor), ia bo 
 "«»fn«l lohleta thoie fi»d expeaibwwntf 
 For p(ly% «ka keep me no longerln a«a- 
 peiUNt-^Oea ke live )" ** He doM," I tiM 
 
 IS^J^'^^i'lTi* •*'^ *» my boaom to bo 
 •wiiiatntfd wkk iMre aeerebsl waa korriod 
 
 IJSl^ ■ * moment firaml mvaelf at» • 
 
 faaklonalilp party In .mm*. VoaoolMr 
 
 wM mr name mentionwl; tkan a ONnrd' of 
 gg^jy^ «"•«»•« I •^ bekSMaM- 
 »w»Wd met b tkort, they ware iromoO. 
 yobng and beantir«l, .' deSge of SS& 
 
 " flow doea my friend— -^M <«f||OMilfi. 
 •?^ia.wo«!*' «AII^,» taw TIC: 
 eome witbjueh a u«Te«t if p^V.^?; 
 
 *t « Twaa then I taw 
 
 Thet«rf4Un«iageoftbe tool 
 jscam from the never ailent e\ j. " 
 
 rathe.. t^ler,.UIl Sightly, and ehSmlnJ'S 
 ever. She pretted my hand, and thiinlid 
 me. A awel bag tfarii eteaped. •• Could yw 
 ^nJ!"". ffi* ' She «R«S^ it, andS^S 
 midly withdrew her hand ! Tw. .iSS. 
 
 u^'t. i'Lt*" '•"•^ •"** ^ irretrievaSy 
 loat in another moment, had I not edloS 
 reatoo to my aid, and widied mvMf mS^ 
 though I eouid not'deterStiSBS? '58: 
 
 ingiboufat,lfle» up and down theairoet 
 tofl onhiakiJi. drow«r,a,^man araaTg 
 W, Pith, wot inttanthr, with lantcro aaS 
 
 At Ittopped to attitthim,fiitbrethreoaiHS 
 ap^aad aOijMd me. Boiiiog wlSTSfiK 
 
 fm^ from the blow of a <^feendinK e^lM 
 iteame to foriouti^ In eoniiet wkk tSlB 
 "f «»»? NdiJlaee, tboi 1 ««» *t otmSoSJK 
 towdcdiiMmluidttopklity. "^n^W 
 BeUve ■»(, Mr. Bitor;^ 
 
 yov iioeei« well<.ivitber, ' 
 
 <(ip'^iift"' 
 
 
^Jg**«fl« 
 
 K(4»x^3s*" 
 
 ^^w_ 
 
 • ••••••*••••••••••• 
 
 noliM fivm tlM fB«iMgmartfit<|i«i|Ni w« 
 dMini to «ildi Uwt th«BdkorV loii k «t all 
 tiowi lit (h« MTV iM of Um niaiiMCi' «n4 his 
 «omqNiiMlenu,w Ihe mc(UiiniortlMilr«mB- 
 
 TIm mKnacer luiviii«QO|MiMi ti^.<^ Sinum 
 ]}t|;relliea«,'^exMpt tlirM|h tke liubm ^ 
 nmm, makes «a ivmtf mm luifjog, m- 
 ||Mvlf<^ bit oodMiiDnlMppa befw*. VLt 
 km Imv« to tiMink hin. dm m iNi, vnMi 
 b«%1uimaroiw. and liMlf Ui «!«<« iunnM* 
 iMnV wUI Im) w<»S betivMn ^ mU oT tN 
 next plav, Tli» mnager takM am ^VVi 
 innkf «r infflrning iinoii DHH^npw^ aM 
 oirM# Omb^tnat imthom. fhito-CiMiW, 
 AINrt. Q, lu., MMl Oie pnUiir ia i|n«t«;, 
 tM piMft, prolMttet, cpttoiaM^ionti»J% 
 
 biita to Um («Mnl aoMMeiiieat. Thttbea* 
 trlMl library at prMeal eonalMs of aix or at- 
 vt« pieaaa onljr, ind aoBW of tlina but badhr 
 adapted to our Mag*. It V, tkarefiBre, «▼!- 
 dent that thahooMmvattbQt up baibra die 
 •eason i» oter, for few perioBt, notwithitaad' 
 inc the eharaetora be ever w well aupportad, 
 will jrit OQt the 19tth repreaeatatioB of any 
 one perrafaunee t aad the manaMr foramrft 
 a laek <^ spplainat a dry aigaMeaat aniMf 
 at ao old joke, for which the andieoce ii4 
 been lybig tai wait for a «|nartar of an tw-f 
 diaabatented aoaotenanaes, empty len^* 
 and llftaliy the fall of the green ottMis* ta 
 riaa «o fnove,«Blett aome one aMfllartb 
 auMMM the erbwd. tofoke the ninae,and 
 bM ew eortaln riie agito. The managar 
 hai dvelt thna loog on th» M)ti«et, under • 
 eMflpntliatlNN la^wattt of iUtity. 
 wnttMlthe gentlemen e«ert themadve*. 
 
 WHEN Denmark** PMnee appeara npon the ttage, 
 . (At least we (earn so frofli gratt JMii^upeare'ii p^giO 
 He steals with sloW and solemn malesty, 
 And thus exelMids--«|$ be or nA to Vt i" 
 But when the,Baker,f<pM^ hifM^Qg apP^i'''d 
 Upon North Georgia's boards, Mt foiae was heard 
 Front him : he tbnoeent(i>^^ loelrd llfMII; 
 And seareely pot his fbnrth rootlii ih* gRMfWd} 
 The audienee smiled^theaddt^vaa not iMpended| 
 And here, I surely tbfNMt, th^MMr^ ended. 
 Until your Paper IB seeohd nniilbilip«MM, 
 Statinb ■ correwondcnt markid hoip Hme 
 The dog appeared : and atraight desipea to be 
 Infomi'd— ^*irtbis dog was, oi^wnailMjl* ^ 
 That Glam fbrcsmr WdiU eooie wkkUttiibtt ▼Ue, 
 And "need a IMewl to help him-«*er the aOW.^ 
 I like year papece-p^herelbre dirl fenA.'bmt 
 I,like your Gorreapondenta—*eanseiyptt need 'em. 
 But give me leave, WmA Editor, n ,vN)rd, 
 The man that asks aipiMtkm sofbsnrd, 
 ihrbves that he luw a nranstroos l*dE of brains ; 
 Tet, not to give offenee, 1 took the paioa 
 To aearch out Glnro, an4 in a friendly way 
 Ask him wha| 1 in aniwer now eaala say. 
 •' Say,'* replied Ghiai, " I do not thfaik it fit 
 '* To answerone 'Who 4mws so little wit." 
 '* In tirath, in some teniMtt,'' l4Mdd, '^yon're r^^ 
 *< BtttsdiFj^mnst iaiiiowledge, on Uiat night 
 •' Noiie of thi tantei^ you aoJlM0y1^Wp4, 
 '•Thnrnghootthe plajitKr ritheireMt«W<^'d.'^ 
 *• Whi^ to be plain, l«a«eelf *«*« w 
 '^AMit, th«ihe^«pMlbr^ 
 ** llamph*>i> SrthiMEa'to ptnttle Me, «he tvMe, 
 « Btat^ haire af£iin«lhe eettiiRM; 
 •! Tell hhtt the IMbi^ejr, as i^t^ 
 V Siv how miielK^Bisdlief there wenldaanily be, 
 • .= «'tlnle|»:trwteare;w(W'':ta?enj|»^fc^^ 
 r-'y-^r **.inW' iiia<aieFS|rhh>h.#i$Mteltll^aa^ , , ; - ''"- - 
 
 :The^d£t having Mclnged to a baker at lfap|^M> v^tt^ift erilsd IgFthe mso. 
 
«t 
 
 «• PlMtd Mr. Prambttn* «lM» Im tliMM t kMt# 
 *< To gOMtl the door, aor tfwimrimftm. 
 
 *• TiiM to bto poM tiM proflBnMr (fid voaqiri 
 M Pligr>M or #likMt ft MMmi 
 
 « Ho oMde Mm Pligr (OM dr#lilMwuM«Mill»r. 
 
 •• Bat «h«ii for ilto BpllogM dte ourtiOl rOM, 
 
 '« Woirkd wUh VMMkm. oriOalo otkofoiUio* 
 
 <« lb Itft hh poM, »Im«, Hiodkliii M rrikw, 
 
 *< TIm llnipor mim, tad Monpad iIm lady'b ptOM, 
 
 «• Wbidi *o oonAind Im#, offMto woald MT« fooe, 
 
 '« Had not llio nl|l«ft|H of •«■!* <Mo 
 
 •* ficoo put in loroa m laare Itor anridaa Minlwa» 
 
 •« And drive IIm d««(9»kiil aliat tM WriMt. 
 
 " T>ii I jhril nnifw lat ftirti|i|>MJ|it im nrtt ' 
 
 <V Aad M»w |ood iMMa^ 
 
 h worda Ika thflw did €|lnm UneiroxpraMi 
 
 tWVa Uttla ttf tN ftwi^t aMiCnai 
 
 Boi whaa your CartMMiMmU: Oniid a qaorjr, 
 
 Thav aiMt not bknia tba antvor tin' it wmrjr. 
 
 And f*jron think twill tire 'am or di«<M *am, 
 
 Toaalihariii9oadtoroiiaiiia(t%iB. Q. 
 
 * TIm pronplar wiiow abiaaae Awn htapoit iAMni tlia apilojpM ia tlHM aommaatad 
 ■poo, -wu aospeated of baiiig tha aatbtor <|f tlie A^mr to wUali diete Uaea are the repijr. 
 
 TO ecmiiiii>divi>BkTi. 
 
 Wa ar« obliged to poitooaa the GkiiM^^niaed lii a9r -^r^ _^ 
 
 TnnrraT Bn^mSS-it haa^iTlt tl» nlatiQBlf ktAtHm Mm. 
 LAsiaua UcKaaAin'e latter iMv raaahad iu dJMitihatlob. - ^^^ 
 
 WE owe an opoiogjr to Peter Trial, Jbr 
 bavini delayed the idiartioo oT Ma latttr, 
 until eo looK a time after the perfbwnawaeto 
 whieh he aliudea. Tha>fiMt, ho««far« mm 
 that w maaherour SeeoBdNtunbarhad 
 been oeeapied by the affiiirs af the tliea^, 
 thet we had baralrroom ia ouirt lamotioMft 
 W mioagar'a airanlaf addrawi todwa 
 ^nnd owaahraa oMifOd, Ui yutkm. to.. 
 aonaspaBnean oq onier Bamc 
 poaa tiur'letter whidi 'we^\ii^l|in»gij|,.wn»r 
 readara, aa trail ai the OoUMr^ ~ 
 anng hrMtmii. 8kiiM bim^V 
 %hiehwiUbalbiiiidtathai 
 
 EDITOB 
 
 wiNinut cHBomcLfi. 
 
 Snt— I aaanot help afpreadng thfMhiita 
 dettebt I felt in wttaeMioff AaaoMftahiog 
 perfbmianaa of Frtda* avantagv^'^'^ioMvf 
 woaM hedtete tdttroiilMaaeasHp«rEiiN^I» 
 averjr thing of «h» Ui4«fiiah ' 
 
 It fat tlus eooattT^ aad whiah wll|pmi«%a 
 ■orpaMcd bj mitm atroUata t«««rdi INI 
 i|did and genial alia|iita<> w- 1'v^, 
 
 The Norti C ie a r tf aTheatro^ <haBghfe««r> 
 v«i in maek ietatiwri^^atMl hr»|i'jjiM|t hl»*j> ^ 
 (baa Coirant Oarddn or tkwflm»f V'*' 
 ivaa adTfoiali^ 9«ar tliflaa aiiil^l^^ 
 
 <(niatara% whiah» ar0i» their bitamal daOO' 
 iMlana and duwltag ahanna* aaikaOC a^odi 
 foa« hi qpitaaC:>,|M tbeb.andeavoara topro» 
 aww a free vaadtatioa and a eool atnoaphafw, 
 tli8»hava Mvar jfet taaefcded Hjce oor able 
 ^iiaat, Hr. Craet, \m t|da vaqr oMeitkl 
 aadpartianiarjioint 
 
 •Baiirel'aonalMda. let eie ryeomw O nd lo 
 ttoea ptrlbrmara w^ lukf e any diaibnea to 
 raiara Mama .^fter the doort are ■hut, ud 
 who RUHT have taken a» naeh retirnhment 
 oli.dtt.l|o«N» alibrd^.lhitth4>y boon their 
 mmtA Ujiim the prowling wolf, and the 
 iMi»%lMMo«»boar, Htoixna all the h«n 
 haadol^'wmar;. or, irbcn wa wonM meak 
 or thaapr Mala, thm mf haw bwome fittor 
 Olrt^M(liiM^tpit||li^ AAa lofaniUh ot with 
 (hb awl* ^ k aih irablir ampUjment of re- 
 aardhHrflmr aMrkb(kin%«iploita. 
 
 1 raSikiB,..lia. he. _ -_ 
 . w ' ■ . ^ PmB TuAS. 
 
 .. Wa woiiU w9K|li|^.«dinit to the eoaaf- 
 danittqii^ wrtreof^iipandenUL both pMki^ 
 poaWeA^Md ««ker«iia, wheiher thaM ba 
 aa]raaiwH^ni»^wax oi^aMteuded^^ 
 betw«a»1ha ktmmA^mftiiitttimmmn 
 
 tba favt weak, wd <h» aaiptjr Maiaartha 
 
 . •Tk«|u^igku.in'p(titu|ia,^*^. 
 
 

 
 S2 
 
 #••••••••••••• (M** 
 
 EdMPrtkWa WctHitwiN 
 be mW vm Itamtdlf mmI 
 
 BMioiinHiykthiiMVidi AM|li ptriMyi w 
 thb M on mMj odMr (ointt, tka lt« aild 
 the ■utMger iMty be ili( iiflriiiM. Huilnt 
 bkititd tliM HMMbt w« «illiii|l)r kmfii tlw 
 ialriMt to Item, fai fiiU m»Mvbm tlwt k b 
 fai their |MMr«r to ««Mt it ly ThmndMr nni 
 to bo 00 leofor ■ qooiiioa. Wo wm aim 
 -witb the pemiMion ud bj tho OMWM of Mr 
 fHtiMl Tiim, to iwmind iho ooaoHHor Vim- 
 whwH tbot on enoiviiMmt OMdo in 
 ^oort, liMftrbMMgoo thepiurtjl 
 ki tbot it* dao pvrfonunoe moj bo Ol 
 ood tho ofeim enlbrMd bf tho Mtfi«rfl|^ar 
 tfio ooort. hi wbow prcMneO It wm' bimo. 
 How, M ttM loornod ooooNllrir woo hNtruot- 
 od bjr bii oliooto ••Tbo Non-Cootribmon,'' 
 (P«xpr«M biopoB ooort IhohrbiloiitiM.M' 
 botaf BO loo|or <« bobiad>hond*'> opM* 
 
 b« •« tbal Npport to ttao BAlor," In. ko. V 
 oad, «• '• ihoi Mppo*^" fco. ko., ban not 
 
 iot booo aNbnkd, wo hovo Iboufbt, that if 
 Ir. lodoont Piohi. Mottor^FoM-MMi 
 
 000 bo pmoilodoo to bo ofiin oorodvoooto, 
 wo woold oMpiojr bim to movo in tbe ooort 
 of Common mmo, thotoouoMllor Pnisla- 
 woll bo ro<|«irod to ihow ooom why tho Ail- 
 lloMmt of tho hwt toot io n a w oipreitod •• 
 hoobooo, ondttUI it, doloyod. 
 
 A von hiioniaw ooswor to Albert 1i enif> 
 no hovMf teoo oUoolotod In monoMript 
 daring the poet week. It remalni with at to 
 pobli* the oathor% Mhition M wo oriiMly 
 KOoived it> 
 
 In ov'rv olime, remote or noor. 
 Where w the eje of moo eon poer^ 
 or fonerhl tue to homoo kind 
 ProUflo woler yoa will Ind. 
 
 Theatre Rogrnl, NorUi, Georgia. 
 
 ON WBDKB8DAT NEXT, th* 94tl| inntant, 
 WiU bo perfbnMd FoOte'o mneh odmhod Comedy of 
 
 Wkh the OMUil oeeoMponfaBont of SONGS between thO AeU. 
 Doore wiD «pon bt Half pott Six, ond tho PorfbntiMMo will begin ot Seven preelwlj. 
 
 The UtMtiet hoo reoehrod F. R. 8.*e Pndogoo, and will eobMit It for OQosiderotkw at the 
 
 fint BMOtfaigof tho Cowmktre. 
 
 SONGS 
 
 WBITTEN FO^ TRB KbBTit C»SbB<3lA THEATRE, 
 
 JndSithff at Mr Peifirmanee onFf^iayttheSth of November^ 
 
 QH ! whai eon ofliiiniMro wim fho hoaiiHyE Iho mom, 
 oib MjRiiiMNiiitidoo hl^r-^ 
 
 mi" ' 
 
 aibeaaii'ftbal^wii evaa. 
 il tho h^ thit wo pine. 
 
 WhenAtriwa^ 
 lErr thi Soi'i 
 l^tatheiofltaaiilool 
 
 Or,U^'daoghii^.^All 
 
 Whoti dittant^ jU'dialMt, 6«iv iII>at^M^^ 
 
 Flrpm tho fa«|Mlir Wlr««ide. and thofrlnd tfiat^ aipeeM » 
 
 WI««WealbrA^Wp|^^aTO^ ,^ 
 
 Or.bid*a.na.|»eoiMtcfmi«-aiMin.b«ii#n.!m^^ 
 
 Tie thiiOiftiMiiloorhplMlrtthatbeiMM^^f^ thoeyea 
 
 or. th7 daa|i^. Ihbr^i^;! . |ho^i^#t wo ^^^^ 
 
 Tho'lhyaonibilheffieym^^ ' 
 
 And t he fi im eof tliy ohietm ti f rO e Ouod ^ltOiri^H' t " 
 Tho'natnnftOi^^aMiil^^bi tlt^i^e ift^ eombmea, 
 " rar of tht glarjr aM oAlraoatihfaief . 
 ' ' iilMf 
 
 ^|i:tho;Mftiimi 
 thjdanghton, fair 
 
 rfhat hNotr fimr'tbo Of <• 
 ! the land tfiat we putRr. 
 
 ■A^ 
 
A 
 
 ••«•••#«•••• 
 
 or lb; tteafhltrib Air AlbloB ! the ImmI ilMt w« ptiM. 
 
 J.-r 
 
 SONG, MR. PAUIBB. 
 
 IIAY, who but hai iMwd Uwl ■ tnM BrhMi ttr 
 
 li kind to hh Imi, and rtgtrdi n^it a Mtr, 
 
 Iritii « iMMt flm bi dM|*r» •*d MMUat hi lew? 
 
 If aiwilM bjr ih« MaMM, or iomVI on Um wave. 
 
 Baab Mr?* h tutUM bia vtiaal to lavo. 
 
 He iwpaira lotba bolin to dirvat bar ariibt, 
 _ Or atawla at bla qoarOfa, axpaatint tb« Stbt. 
 Whb a baarl Arm fai ditian Mid aoMtant in iMo. 
 
 Whan duty ia o'ar 'moafN bla maaaaMtea balor. 
 
 Hia mirtb and good httnour aoaaaiioily flow. 
 From a baait inn In danfir. and aonatant in lore. 
 
 Ha pM|ia bla Ktafl in %ir bttinpcra of mtm, 
 
 8in« bla aonb Ibr good MIowatTp avwViot. 
 
 Ei^a avVThoar, aa It paaiaa him bjr. 
 
 VnwilUng tbo momanu nuira awifUy abouM f f , 
 with a baart firm in dnngari and aonatant b lore. 
 
 When eallM by bla aountijr. bo linnra no mora. 
 But learhii tha Jojrt of bla daar nallva aboro, 
 
 .With a baart Arm in ^nyar, and aonaunt in bm. 
 
 > EmbaikatoaxploraHyporboreanaoaata 
 Snrroandad by tea, and anfattarVI by iVoaU, 
 Ronrdloaa of , Wintar^ parpatoal raigo. 
 And praparad to anaonntar tba boiatarom main. 
 
 With a baart flrn in danger, and aonatant in lova. 
 
 No toll aan tobdua bim, no borrora appal, 
 . A traa Uriliab Ur maato whate'er may bcfal, 
 ^Witb a biwrt firm in danger, and aonatant to love. 
 Again bo ■hall viait tbaland of hia birth, 
 Preaa bia girl to bit heart, and indulging bh mirtiL 
 Hit tratola ri«o«nted~-hia pitrilato'd o'er. 
 Await tba high eall of bia eountr} iute mure. 
 With a beartUrm hi danger, and oonitant In lovei 
 
 And wi{ll tball old England remember her ion. 
 Who baa addM new glorhit to thoMi she has won. 
 
 With a heart Arm hi dangar, and aonaunt in love t 
 ■ Wfaoao kWlI aver daring, ditoarta the prauil lea. 
 That had no'fer bomo a uilp wnoe the World 'nn to be i 
 And raided by PravMona* afill thall preat on; 
 
 «,Ti" r """S!* "* WMk C«A*» that bu yet stopped eaoh ooti. 
 
 With a heart firm in darger, iqid aonatant in love. 
 
 Let Britona on thore, then, thnbright flolriag botri 
 nil high to the Sailor nodaunted^ toQl. 
 V With a heart Arm in dMigaiff'^and oonA^tln love t 
 
 And may be, when rMomM^^froin tlia toilt of the wave. 
 Find that Honour and Lova atlll await on the brave. 
 Who dareaftr bii eoantrjr, bla Mends, autl his home. 
 _By Freedom inspired, oV the wide oacan roan, 
 WUh a baart Arm b dMgtr, md aooatantbi^^love. . «^ 
 '"•'hyCapr. , Vv'-' 
 
 
 •"HiJjV^ '^* ' *' ■ ' ■*''' 
 
 ^.viSf* 
 
 mmm^ 
 
^m^.. 
 
 ^^K^W "'"»'' fl"^)-' 
 
 ^^^l^^TOP^Hf'^ - ' ■■"T'?fi'-Jf'''T(!f^T* 7*^^***^ i' "/'' *^ 'Vfr'^™"^ 
 
 ••••••••••• •«••#••• 
 
 No. V.--ilOJrilAY, NOVEMBER 29, 181i. 
 
 \ 
 
 TV the EdUtroftht WbiiO- Chmicte. 
 
 . StS,— AS I wu iaduteing tlw othtr even' 
 lof m prafiMnd eo(iU&ii, wh9tt enjlijring 
 ar Mpr hj tli«flni<«d«,^lbtiinrin( lin«t« 
 vniehl dO'BOt exMtly renwndwr i»h«re first 
 to have wen, ttrodi mtow ny mind n ths 
 fitttU^ nlje^ of IIm moneat : 
 
 «« The Indian kaf ^'bri^fly Irtirn, 
 **Bodoth mab'ailtm^fo weaknAiiitttrni 
 ** The fire of yoiUKektiagtiiihed qaite,^ 
 ** Coneswe, lik« eaibera drjr and vUte : 
 " TbiiDk of thisaa joa take tobaofo." 
 
 Seeing a vait, deti of truth in the above 
 qootatiBn, and an ezeeliettt pietore of the 
 mntabil^ of oar natiaret 1 trost, Mr. £di< 
 tor, to be excoiedin teqaciting you to give 
 Hpoblieityi thoogh I reeoUieet MMDiething 
 •boat not Inierting thing* whioh aire borrotr- 
 ed. lonlyreqaeat. then, to be informed, 
 ere it be rdee&d, lii what book thew Hnea 
 aroto belMiidf Mid fronvhiMBi they are 
 eopied. Or, if yoa dMmld think fit, in the 
 UttldpiiJiy of yoor eoneemi, to aubmit it 
 to year eurteapoBdenti, and leave it to mndo 
 one or oner of them, in their general ae> 
 qnaintanee wHh every topie minnte, leani> 
 ed, Mientifle or otherwiw, to i^cteet tiie 
 eortyirt, and make an expoai of him in the 
 foUoWmg week's Gatette, 
 Too voald oblige, 
 
 Ms. jiditor, be. fcow 
 
 We have iOwrted Peter Fnmeli letter, in 
 the hope that some of our eorreqHBndenta 
 may know the dr^nal authcir of (he lines he 
 has qnoted ; pr^bly Peter Fomeli ao> 
 qoaintanee with them is derived irom tile 
 samesooroe as our own, namely, from Bob 
 Roy, where they are very aptly introdocied. 
 Vol. I. page 90C. 
 
 LAW REPORT. 
 
 COURT OF COMMON SENSE, 
 Jbi the Came e/'Editor o. Non«Cotttribators. 
 
 Hia tordddp being aeated, Cqiinsellor 
 PuateweU rose, and addressed the Cowt 
 asibllows: 
 
 Mx l/«s->'I shBI not ocirapy yoor lord- 
 lUp^time krMlioiw^KgmjM^uim 
 theDouasol fiv«^ lhaL.|>temtfi^ tiMMpgh^ thft 
 «»t««#^ W^iw^Mfe^^rom «* eoosi, 
 dershiflMMirto havepii^ ttia%%the eiis« 
 torn of jtbis^mrt, i|i|1b«aiMiilt on my 
 elitats. JfThe NoiiKiC^trlNi^ to pf- 
 to^ Ait Mlppwt, m. ate., tti delay <^ 
 
 whieh is the subject now before yoor lord- 
 ship ; nor shall I question the rkht whieh he 
 has claimed to the fulfilme nt orthe promise 
 whieh L was iostrueted to make, and did 
 make, in their name. No, my lord, how- 
 ever rmdy 'and able I mavfeel myself to 
 controvert these points, and 1 doubt not to 
 your lorddtip's satis^aao, yet as my elieatt 
 have tbooght fii raUier to eoneede then* I 
 shall eoi>tent myself with moving your lord- 
 ship ikw! the court j that certain affidavits be 
 read, with which I am furnished by my 
 clients^ and whichrt have no doubt will be 
 aceonnted by yoor lordship most satisfactory 
 reasons (br the delay ; and will be deemed 
 sufficieAt to entitle them to such further in- 
 dtjgvice as yonr lordship shall be pleased 
 to grant, and fbr wbieh I aminstroeted to 
 solMt 
 The affidavits v<ire then read as follows: 
 
 T^t^^EdbtA^jf David Drowsy. 
 
 This deponentmaketh oath and siuth, that 
 want of lenure hath hitherto prevented his, 
 nflfering '.hat aSsistanee to' the Isditor, whieh, 
 his good widies for the snpportof the mid 
 paper woold otherwise have prompted him b> 
 aSbrd { that what With thetime neeesiarihr oc- 
 eopsed hi three n^lar mMb, and two uttle 
 oiiea per ds^, a two honrs* nap after dinner, 
 and another after eolfee, wiib all oeeasional 
 dose fai tiie forenobn, toMtb^ IriUi the da- 
 ties (tf his prefearion ill %m| jdmes of eon. 
 stent aetivSty, ho mOat 
 
 tnvSty, 
 tbiM ho hath aearef^beett alii I 
 
 idepoaetb, 
 rsnateh bis 
 
 ten hours test at bight, la|Mi less to employ 
 any poitiao of hiawaaelsiMNitriimUng tothe 
 general amneaiji^. Tlw detioneoti how- 
 ever, fiirther saKi^i thit notw^ttanifflng his 
 nnmerans and ifi|lln^eai|lle awboa^ions, he 
 hath actually Boaawed to od|^|^ «aAh of the 
 midpfl^perl, wUiethafeapp^irad; andin 
 thus haftng l^veo J| lif* ititeanoe and 
 patronage, he coiidmr* Umldif m entitled 
 to the farther faida^pMi of ^e coart 
 
 TAe^l^ldiinJt^ Gregory Gripes. 
 
 TbhrdtepoQentnidMdioatfL and siuth, that 
 ever since the propoiala for a newspaper ap- 
 peared, be basbem so frtevonsly sAieted 
 witlKa gihi inhis rtoma^, (which pafaidodi 
 still Oonthtue,) that heliaa been, ofterly in- 
 capable of eOnti'RMthig any tiiim towards 
 the #ipportof the said paper) oTall which 
 hei«na4y* if i»faired| to bring Into court 
 eertiftoileafBoCa^mefKealaMHiwIio have 
 attflodOd him. This deponent trasteth that 
 the court will tdce into it* gracious emsider. 
 atioHy boiNhBKpossiblo it is for ii man (OAt- 
 tempt ib iuilHa other pooiite, wl^» hi Um 
 
 
 . ;j "• I-"- 1.^ • . 
 
 >»;, 
 
 s. ■^-« 
 
 , .1 «JlSf 
 
2? 
 
 en rmdu follows: 
 
 •ftir !• Ikboating ander • hoAify iaeoareni- 
 ence of this peoaliar imtare. 
 
 The Affidavit of IMft-ciH Le«T»«boat. 
 
 This deponent mak«th oath wid Mkh, that 
 after having more than half-writtea two or 
 three paper* ibr (he Editor's box,aDnieeTil« 
 diipoavd peraoB or perigiu did, aa he be* 
 lievef, durin|[ his abaeooeoo a walki steal 
 •way I'roia him th i said papers, and that h* 
 hath neTer sioee been able to gain any Intel- 
 l^enee ot the same. 
 
 This deponent furthentaore deelareth, ditt 
 saoh thefts or trim have been so often prae^ 
 tised upon him and hw eflTeets, lint he doth 
 no longer eonaider any part of his proper^ 
 safe oatof hi« h*nda fornpe ndoment; nor 
 is his eomplaint Mnfined to the loss of pro- 
 per^ alonei but of time idsa^ which ia 
 wholly Uken ap k seeking one stray artiol* 
 after another. 
 
 This deponent thereibre prayeth tbeeoairt 
 to take into its most serious eoiMideratkM tin 
 uwoiMrenienQe both to himself ami the pab> 
 lie, whieh results from theM prMeedingsi 
 and tbiit it will be pleased tp tsike such stms 
 as it May, in its wisdom, deeU most effra. 
 tual to.?prevent the reoorrenceof the said 
 annuyance. 
 
 THm Jiffidaadtof Simon Sidrophel. 
 This deponent maketh oath apd 8ail|i,thB( 
 beHig fQom the beginnipg extremely ^eai- 
 rooa to eontnbnte towarat the jupjpbit of,' 
 7%emfim' mramk, he was d^rmifi# 
 to.aeareh the heavens and| the e«i^ nNr.4 
 sobjeet; and thereibre betpgk himself (o Uie' 
 stady of the globes, In hopes of 'there stuni*' 
 Uing qpon aotaething suitable to bii purpose, 
 The deponent devoted his Jrit itttntioa to»- 
 the eelestial globe, and fari^Ml^: ki|fii|ed 
 thf amttance of ever;en|Milljrttig{ii-^tt^ 
 ti^Jalineat^d, but, without suMeaa. i Tfift 
 Cmi^ Bear treated him^ in a maini9f too 
 vim to be repeated, and the LitUe^eir 
 ftpte adntKul eub,) foUovred hit enunple. 
 Tanrns tcislea himi Aiies butted hiog^ and 
 he waa tbmleft .spjravliog1i«tweenCa»6tr ind 
 P^llttx. This qsaliel^s pair of rogtua pre- 
 teiidiog fiiendship, l|^ the deponent oii^iai, 
 pelwptn>ly,t}|| be^ndhimseiria thoebkws 
 of Canteft who pindied him most nnmerei- 
 fully, and determined him to have nothing 
 more to do with the oonstelltitions of die 
 Zodiac. Pegasus was the next whiphapf 
 peared, and the deponent, withont nWe 
 900, resolved to mount him, and at onee to 
 awieh the Chronielfr by a tide to 9«nitf«n» 
 —but this attempt had near cost hin»J|k 11%, 
 for he had seareely moqnted, when P%iMa 
 threw hiuk elenn over his head, nfiMldisi^' 
 ^ted his r^ shoulder. Ths d^ttJiqiiniL 
 ing thus sani<My treated in MsW 
 thi« att(%-M|tiw(Mng left for ii:b#l|»4.^. 
 to the mmhi. Here he may be aai#1b hav^ 
 trav»r«^ the tenraqueooii globe in aearah af 
 aw^eet^, but noitft has yet offered itoetfi 
 Thi ^ci anejh i ba vi ii i g made this deelaratlon, 
 le«veAWi«aH " " 
 
 rj<tt(ie««Qd elemeney 
 
 of the eonrt, wa akm t m flWigfcfctommi 
 has never yet appewed in th« papOr« not 
 •ae of d)e0ii9tt«MrtorB hascvvr goat ftrthR 
 dHm hia«eir. iiiMardhor niMlerfiwilitaf* 
 port 
 
 Tito oourt having l«ltei4y ttstifiod «nn<f 
 toaiis of kn^denee. Ma loidiMp mmmi 
 die derk to anuiend his roadingb «id i^ijl 
 dw •onniMhieif 1^ eonsWcred dio nmmt- 
 ing OMnviti^M aontniaiiig better repoMt 
 dH#tl|ai»«hMi die eouti bad alrpni^ h^. 
 The aoinoeilair auwerlng. »Noipci^^ 
 better, bat aoose whiehl trust dM ptim 
 WW dilnk e«nial to diem«««d»w,** U| IM«,' 
 ship directed that the time anopatienae of 
 die eottrt sMiU np kioger lie ^ omwofspa. 
 nly teken np, and proeeodod to §Am the' 
 fonowing judgment: 
 
 <'11l9tdi« applicadon for f«n^indql- 
 gene* be iNrfbscj^ and that die defendants ta| 
 allowed another week wher^ to tvm the 
 promise made in their nan>«; i^^ whiML 
 any fturther deky w«s fwMdden on nmS 
 the dii|ileasore of die court >* 
 
 (^ Wednesday erenhw wae perfinndl 
 P#Me's eetebtatedVome^f of die £^^^ 
 
 *^!^..* i?Tj^'"?fW. deasr^don V fi 
 SM*$|^t by Mr. Beochey, tii die character 
 of a intor, and which wmipi great Kn^me- 
 meat ': ■■ ., 
 
 Ae the Oranatis Persoms have apt yet 
 appeKce«| in our paper, we nor jt^ 
 theni. tt-^t 
 
 Old Wilding, Mr.Ni4 
 
 Young Witakig, Captain SABtn. 
 
 PsirilHon, lifr.^Mnr. 
 
 Siv James Elliot, Mr.WAXiiUK. 
 
 WQHEir* 
 
 Mils Gttmdiam, Mr. RoMb 
 Mi^Ckidfr^, Mr.: 
 
 mi* W«% 
 
 UBItyAHTS. 
 
 Messrs. HiUB a^ BimnrAV. 
 
 As tuim we have been abie tohMMrOt tiili 
 evenfaig's entertainment went elT even bett^ 
 'than that with which our theatre opened, 
 and win, if nos*ibiet reeeived with nuMW 
 rapturons apnmne. 
 
 The JUdr n a play which requires eonst* 
 dmMe qoiekness end anbMaUon hi Ae pw» 
 fi^taMNMeri and fai this respect so moeh did 
 the peribrmers appear at home, that We feel 
 confident they may now attemnt an* pkMr 
 which die dmttlBHljftk^aft^b. ' 
 
 It is aartitttierly tilHskig to oJiai^i tttt 
 InteaWt wbieli<d|«:iUna»«tk»paiiie«|Jflia hi 
 theee pefftMhnwncciK Ihe very pnMrMkMk 
 of Jie dMsse4t«Mi aoOfMH^ in die kiMrvalf 
 bet9««n ttiiffli* M <^die state, |m4» ftr 
 two'dlQfi prr*iqu to eael| ptav. glv<^' ciea- 
 patkm totnmy : andthe locttttig'iiciirttd v» 
 
 * Vi 
 
 •if 
 
 -1^1 
 
 
 -»{^l&i^SLl,aj^,.=-.^iiii„s«±ka. 
 
 
 ^^i#^«<«i!ti^»iyiMiy^ . 
 
26 
 
 F^' 
 
 • repctkioa of thil imaMmeiit dnee a fort- 
 nMit daring the winter, is rare to prodooe « 
 reMBtion and TUriety whieh their mindi 
 cMeBtiallj reqaire, and vhkh it might have 
 been diAeult to eflbet in anr other waj. 
 
 A Mmg by Mr. Palmer, between the aets, 
 being the onginal produetion of an author 
 -who ^a himwif " Simon Dogrellieat," 
 waa weU reeeived and eneored. We shall 
 •oatent oarselves with repeating oar eQngra> 
 tolatioBson the ability, spirit. Mid gopdlia- 
 niKMr, with whieh our theatrieal amnse- 
 ments have hitherto been eondueted, and 
 oar hearty good wishes for their long And 
 Meeessfut eiMitinaanee. 
 
 /T« lAe EdUor qf the Winter Chrmiele. 
 ^ Sn— -In gomg from the ships towards the 
 observatory the other day, I ehaneed to 
 staroble on a bundle of papers. On exami- 
 nalioD, I found them to consist of a number 
 (tf fragments of letters and odier seran, 
 some m pros^ and some in verse, evidently 
 intende<l to fill some of your fotore pages, 
 bat whieh want of leisure or inelinatioa bad 
 prevented the author from finbhing.* As I 
 oonsider this aeeideOt likely to prove a sen- 
 ousloss to youreolumns, and therefisre to 
 the public, unless the papers be returned to 
 tfie owner in proper timet and. as I know 
 no method of giving them pabiiei^, so ef- 
 fectually aathmugh the mediom of your ^ 
 per for whieh ttey were btended, I send 
 you comes of two or three of the frHF>«i>t*> 
 U they lie befwe me. for insertkm if jioa 
 «Unk proper. Should the Uwfof owner of 
 idle and papers make application to yte' for 
 ttem, I will endeavour to stuff the whole 
 bundle by pieee.meal|pto your box, on the 
 first DOtiee^ are pleased to give to your 
 eoutnt nader, Rigbaui Roak-abovt; 
 
 FBABwnt, No. I. 
 am^Having puzzled the little brains I 
 have, to no porpoae, fiir a fiwtnight, I did 
 
 * May not this be the identieil packet 
 wbidll Mr. little-oare Le»v»«boat eon- 
 eehrea to have been stolen from him. (see his 
 afldav^) but which may in reality have 
 ^dimpitd om of hia poeket daring bis walk i 
 
 at length attempt the other day to tcrambiA 
 nnpereeived a note into yonr box ; but, after 
 attempting for some minutes to m»\te it fall 
 into the Mit, I found, to my utter astoniah- 
 ment, that it refused to drop through, nnd 
 actually rose again as oflen as I attempted to 
 thmstltint so that, after repeated endea« 
 vours, I had the moitifieation to be obliged 
 to withdraw my maiden contribution, oit 
 hearing a footstep approaching. 1 am much 
 at a loss to aeeount for this extraordinary, 
 and to me alarming phenomenon, unless it 
 be, that in the present eold, and therefore 
 dense, state of the atmosphere, it must, ac- 
 cording to the laws of floating bodies, require 
 Cromething of considerable weight to fall into 
 
 Jour box; 'whereas, my production being, as 
 confess, one of the lighten things tanagina' 
 ble, rose in spite of my endeavours, and 
 would probably, had it not been stopped by 
 the housing, have S08.red into its owii native 
 region j among the elouds. Being much dis- 
 conraged by this first attempt, I wish iMiy of 
 your learned correspondents, who have in- 
 strueted us so mneh on the sulgect of intense 
 cold and its effects, would give me a hint 
 whether the phenomenon I have alluded to 
 might not have proceeded from some other 
 cause than mere lightness. At all events, 
 should my first apprehensioiu prove correct, 
 I will emieavourto take example fttmPhilo- 
 Bophicus, Philo-Oimus, Philo-Somnus, and 
 the rest of your PhUo-eorrespondents t and 
 have no doubt I shall in lime be able to pro- 
 doee somethihg heavy enoogh to piin admis- 
 aion into your box, and perhips even to de^ 
 aerve inaertioa in yoor pagea. 
 
 FBAomiiT, No. n. 
 
 Adte i f Ht eit mi ii,*-1a preparation, and short* 
 ly wHf bd'eiraulued i^tis, fiir the benefit of 
 ill coitribiitnn to TAe ffeiAlfChr^nide, 
 and (ritwoirietely tSba younger ones, a ^mplete 
 ItIC alpbabetieidly arhii^, of the most ap« 
 provra anonymous rignatures, ad«nted to 
 every anbjeet that is likely to employ the pens 
 of the saio eontribntors, by 
 
 (As the author could not find a sicnature 
 fat; this advertisemenDt, I «m afraid this pre- 
 mised list !■ in no very forward state.]| ' 
 
 Theatre Boyal, North Georgia. ^ 
 
 ON WEDNESDAT, DEClSMBBilT'l819, «itt be Performed the Farce of 
 
 Tmii CITIZEN. 
 
 MEN. 
 
 OldFbafM^ Mr.PABsv; 8lipJ»AwWJMIiig, Mr. Niij. 
 
 BcMfert, Mr. WuoSm. YooagPhilnoL Mr. Wi^. «oanf Wldhi|, MnHofWM. 
 
 Di^, Blr.GUmiMr^QailMrive, Mr. BoMtAir. WW, Sir. mx«i. 
 
 . VOMBM." 
 Mari^ Mr.SoQnn. Cm^uu, Mr. Bom. 
 
 TTitJ Mitt>r |liwwiii>inTinnnt nf nnngi hrtirrnh fhfr flfifi 
 
 pom t» be 9pm§44itMa^iim$»t ««»<*« Curftrfn wi» Hn firth's «* «•*«" ^*^- 
 
 Jv, . 
 
 
rther day to tcramUA 
 I yonr box ; but, after 
 linutet to mnke it fall 
 to my utter astonish- 
 to drop through, and 
 ften at I attempted to 
 ifter repeated endea* 
 Seationto be obliged 
 lien contribution, on 
 oaehing. 1 am mack 
 for this extraordinary, 
 benomenon, unless it 
 It eold, and therefore 
 Bosphere, it must, ae- 
 loating bodies, reqiiire 
 kbie Vieig^t to fall into 
 f produetion being, as 
 ghteu things Imagina' 
 myendeHTOurt, and 
 not been stopped by 
 ed into its own native 
 ids. Being much dis- 
 ttempt, I vish iMiy of 
 [idents, who have in- 
 the sulgeet of intense 
 onid give me a hint 
 non I haTe-alliided to 
 ided from some other 
 »'ess. At all events, 
 lensions prove correct, 
 e example Anm Philo> 
 s, Philo-Somnus, and 
 kcbrrespondents t and 
 n Um« be able to pro- 
 endngh to gain admis- 
 i peniftps even to deo 
 
 T, Mo. n. 
 
 preparation, and short* 
 tktis, Ibr the benefit of 
 !%t ffeeklf ChrOdclet 
 anger ones, a ^mplete 
 ki^d,or die most ap« 
 ignatures, ad«pted to 
 tely to employ the pens 
 B,by 
 
 Id not find a sicnatore 
 , I «m afraid this pro* 
 
 •••M ••• ••••.•••••••• 
 
 No. YL— MONOaY, DECEMBER 9, 1819. 
 
 formed the Farce of 
 
 Ta the EtStor of the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 SiH— A remark which appeared in yonr 
 nrst Number, that you were willing to " ad- 
 rait qoestions which may exercise ihelncenaity 
 of your readers," Ico,, has encouraged meto 
 propose One, which, perhaps, may be con- 
 sidered as answering that description. It is 
 •aW that htstimees have oconrred of the sink- 
 rfS^'*^* "^ this in sets (fill? example, those 
 or Spitzbergeo a6d Davl^ Straiu) nearly as 
 Hit as tho main ocean, and of which the 
 temperature i^ seldom Or rtfever more than 
 t«n degrees abovo the freesing point of aalt- 
 vater. It is evide&t. thM the rae rannot sfaik 
 till its specific gravity exteed that of the flhU 
 la which it is immienied. I shoald he ghid 
 to be infbniie«1 by any Of your eoiinespon-p 
 denu, by what possible cOnlhiriatiori Of eir- 
 comstanees so ondMal * eondUSoa mMt be 
 brodght about. 
 
 I atti, Mri Editor, , 
 Ice. be. tec, 
 
 SCBPTICCa. 
 
 ^ at SntHtfclKk. 
 
 J^Oe Editor 0/ the mnter Chronicled 
 
 Mr. Evn^oa— I wish yoa well-indeed 1 
 *»-*ot the fMM I try to eoaopose any thing 
 »r the paper, the more 4t«pid,lfi9d,ii|yseir» 
 Heing desirous, however, to <met my horaUe 
 aerviees HI some way or other, this is to in- 
 form you, that I an^ a ti4enAle hand at mak- 
 ing peas, dioq|h httt «o indifferent ooe at 
 wngthemi and ieanaot help tbinkiuL thiit 
 I might be of use to setertil ofyoar CkMrres^ 
 pondents, for I jndge by thebr style, that 
 aotne dftMm write with too hard tt pen, and 
 some «lth aver; soil^ one. 1 eooldineMlon 
 thro I or fnir, wtaae erimped manner indi- 
 eates a devllsh stiff tatt, Mn Editor, and as 
 ■»«>y,»l»o« P«B« have eertidnly no point at 
 aU. I eoofoss that tbOpens of most Of ymir 
 CorretpMidtflitineqaim Ihde or no mend- 
 ioR, hat eseti the^ii' thena wodid not be 
 the worst for a freah'nib^wbieh might, per. 
 haps, se$ theia tf^^oing vHb ftcih vigootw 
 ■0 If voa dMMwe to enpNy i»e jn H&mr. 
 yon shdl be weleonae «l»tf^ Kitmbleservieea 
 of 
 
 FortbeJI'htUrCkrmiek. 
 To the Right HoMnrable. the hoti Chief 
 
 JnsUee, Mtd the Wonhipfhl Court of 
 
 Common 8^, tb^^morial of J«arina. 
 
 dakeTfim,Ronhrierofpteadhi|ii;tM.fco. 
 Humbly sheweth. 
 
 That by the exere'uK of the jwid eallfitt^ 
 yoor memorialist hathHvea,1iii«id ewSt 
 Md report, ontil the Imt week, vfaen year 
 
 D 
 
 memorialist discovered, in the publieiMipersi 
 a statement of your loidship's decision, pur- 
 porting to have been taken by himaelf. In a 
 cause recently pendhig, belwe your lordship 
 and this honorable court; whehw^ on tlie 
 day aforesaid, your memorialist was confined 
 at home by urgent business. Your memo- 
 rialisl bath since discovered the decision 
 above-mentkmed to have been erraneonsly 
 suted, as year lordship then declared that 
 defendants were entitkd to indulgence; and, 
 in your goodness^ were aceordiiM|iy tdiwsed 
 to grant them such further delay aa they 
 mighl themselves think requisite : 
 
 That the said ineonrcctoess, arishig. as 
 voiir memorialist beK«ves, fi^m the repMter 
 tea<Htog the court before the dtfeisianwas 
 gWeii, is most mnosthr attriboted to Voar 
 memoriaHst ; and lie finds It, tberefttre, im- 
 possible to void partfadlaf'spetehtertf eele- 
 brated ceunsellora, eoe^Mdm Of pr^onen. 
 &o. &o., as beratofore, among h& metOo, 
 the hawkers, ballad-slM^rs, Iw., tbfM ien<^ 
 tiemenhaviiigtiikMdgiiceat IflaT^"^ 
 w«nt of veracity, and'he is^ hi fiwt. > 
 thrown oat of emplOjhlDent. ': 
 
 That these disikershariiig beftllt^ ytidr 
 raemMifolitt,! n eomequeilee of 'il» IMtKttMi 
 d« of hh ««»«^ th« £r t^^m^fS 
 memorialist huilMtlMieli that^kdrfiiS. 
 ahlp^#lll b* ideasiif^to i«l« ^tWSS;, 
 im bill of damages, such mmt Aa your fej>^ 
 ship shall consider a snfll^nttcinaneratlon 
 and compel the said fietitiolism^rimto 
 par tbeaame^ or else to take yborii^ol 
 rnlistVwilb, and six hangrytntiuoff hk 
 bands. 
 
 And year Memorialist will ever pni^ 
 «ce. IkclM. 
 
 Taor.'- 
 
 Bitt •/l)antage9referredtoinlhe^gtlHg 
 
 Toasevire fit of head.acli,on reeeivioB 
 news ofthe sad affair. /* 
 
 To a two houra' lecture fhmi my wife, for 
 daring to be sick without her leav/. ' 
 
 ?P^''£??iot7^'^*^ •" "^'^ 
 
 To the rme f- .^o femAle belfaid^siHgera. 
 a bankruptbe. render, and a do* with! 
 
 To_Uie iosa of fitrty-eMit howi' sleep 
 ah«a4y, arid the probable Toss of as munr 
 more. ' 
 
 To the^fiare of a broken nose, tiro black 
 eyes, and aseratched face, received front mr 
 wife (br letting her ttdOe e6iii|rln stove 
 
 k^ 
 
 ^^m^^^m^^i"'^ ■ 
 
^^j^^tmmwmmm'Kio^ts^M 
 
 '■.■™ Wr^- ^ ' 
 
 28 
 
 
 To toUl loM of bwinen, impedinmU, 
 nbrtruQlioni, Ice. fce. eauied by the mid 
 fraud. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 WANTED, a middle aged Wottu, not 
 above thirty, of good eharaeter, to iniit in 
 drewHng the ladiea at the theatre. Her aa- 
 hit^vrUI be handaomei and ahewili be al- 
 lowed tea and anall beer Into thfe banain. 
 None neefi apply but aueh aa are perwetly 
 aeq^ainted with the buaioeaa, and ean pro- 
 d^ee . undeniable refereaeea.— A lint ad- 
 dr^aaed to the Committee wHI be dniy at- 
 teu4^ to.— N. B. A widow will be pre- 
 lt;i<red. 
 
 WANTED immediately, a few BALES 
 cf READY VVlT. done au^in amall pareela 
 for t^e plater Chrtidclt. TM* artiele being 
 aearof( m , l^ market, a good prioe mar be 
 dependwl on. Siinplea will be reewred by 
 AJ9.> agent to tb«! Editor. ^ 
 
 Pleaae tio i^^ oia or beforf Thoradi^ 
 evening ni»xt. ...,->,, , 
 
 ,,, ,. s ......,-vr^. -'■■'■■ "^- ■■■■ i ' . 
 
 L.pSi;„on M&oday cveniiw jwt.bf»wewi 
 UieUwo a^,al»A III^ ofalETtESl^ nv- 
 iiq; an WKOunt of tl praeeiodiBga of the Esr 
 n^itiOB, with othei ii^«t*» of a privat* iw- 
 ture, »^ beginning *r]4y4eareat 8«Mo.*frf 
 WMBoprj^ fiHSS tlmpamf, IB refneitedlo 
 ad%4|»Ut.AlWpabw. _ 
 
 ■ 'M.% TiifleUiiFiaor am mm toaoy bo^f 
 h^thf owner, v.,. 
 
 l^,lflCH0l«AS KNOCKDOWN, at the 
 
 OhpervatflfT* on the oOMeat day k» Japttaiy 
 
 next, 
 
 A qUANXranr oCNANKBEN, the pro. 
 per^ of a^gatttlemai^ who eapeemd to get 
 into theiPaeifie in Sentemer laat. 
 
 \<* Flanneiaand forawai be gladly taken 
 aa part payment. 
 
 , ACCIQEKTS, OFFENCES, fcc- 
 
 iJ?afitr<%—Thi8 morning CanitVulpe»''t 
 a K^te prisoner, ^ho had men ccnfihed in 
 the Barrel aueeeeded ineffeeting his eaeape» 
 by breaking the ehaii) with which it tid hien 
 fiMBd<neeeiiwy t6seeure him,ttn«t%ent i^ 
 with it app«[ided to hia nedc. An immedi)* 
 9tot 4bMtth flAritleaS) iHirauit waa made^but 
 it ia Iroped ha will:OMlflnv«aeape the vi(^t 
 ig^ofelji'^iae. 
 
 Two P.M .li-^liieiir oorHidonli, Don Car* 
 lof, who haajust i^eturned, saw the priaoMsr 
 in etoae aoBfireMe with the pM^erMd trar. 
 
 * A foK escaped from Uie Griper on tiiiat 
 day. 
 f A ikig named Carlo. 
 
 tor, CanitlAitat*, and hia wife; bat he ao 
 caiwfolly avoioed aurpriie, that the Don had 
 no epportuniQr of aarvinjr the warrant with 
 whiehhewaaeharged. Be gidned, however, 
 aome important mtelligenee, having over- 
 heard the late nriaoner diaelonng to his eom< 
 panioAa the vanooa seenes whiehHe had late- 
 ly witnessed. He deseribed the save in 
 whieh he waa eonfined aa bhabited hy ani- 
 mala standing aprigftt on tbefar hind legs, who 
 were sdmoat always anting; that notwith- 
 atanding their fimmdable appearanoe, he be- 
 lieved Uiem to be a very timid raee; for that, 
 every morning, he saw a great many of these 
 ereatores meet together, and all atunee, up- 
 on hearing a diarpjdirill ndse,t whioh he 
 thouriit was made by some other animal thejr 
 stood in great terror o^ they ran away and 
 hid themaelvea in another em they had un- 
 der dm first; •»< he stoDngly maisted on it 
 that this noise was n^ kalf so terrifio as that 
 of Oonjt la^. His spleen waa^ hnweter, 
 more partieularly direeted against one whieh 
 he supposed was a enb, who had not yet 
 learned to walk npr^|^ aa he alwamwent 
 on an foura; hia spite arose, he saM*fram 
 thia little ereatote maUof faees and growl- 
 ii», and doing all ho eould to anncqr him, 
 whenever he put his head out of the hole 
 in the side of hn eave. The eonforenee end- 
 ed by a mnttml ^reementto seize this nn- 
 fortnnate animiri« aaaoon as ot^ortunitf of- 
 fered, from whom they «^peeted to learn 
 iMMW of the prowMs and hidtlu of their new 
 fbea t and for tfiispnrpoiea varie^ofsthita- 
 gema Were proposed, wldeh wHl pMfaddybe 
 ^inexeeutkn. 
 
 " ■■'■' F&rike fVmsr Chnmlek. 
 
 A raouo^ OP home. 
 
 litfruiT woman's the pride of obr Isle;, 
 With Beau^'i soft Image imprest, 
 
 pQOdlv Ml^tared wejKse on her smiw, 
 TO hlirmoinriooth^tke breast! 
 
 Tlie rdsie4Nid\ ynat^ opening dye. 
 And the |ily's pure vesture she wears ; 
 
 Bntthe love-beaminc lluice of her eye, 
 
 , With lilies nor vm» eomparea. 
 
 BomMcmtaNaturwhirlow'hBtBmaypabit 
 
 With thiftnres of Aram lud gold, 
 Yet their Ittstre shinca dimfy and faint, 
 
 T91 iun'ib^afw 4mMp splendour onfold: 
 So ^e nuM dMmittgfirt^ that dwelt 
 
 In a bosom enehantiiigly fair. 
 Bid tot boioM mOM bMMReoualy awelt 
 
 The woea of another to share. 
 
 In those virtnes we happ1ne<s feel ; 
 
 TlusfMi^ of oiw- traniipart, below. 
 Not the MuuMM of tht^fea ««n ireveil ; 
 
 Prom die mind, oMtt-«mtfhantment ronst 
 
 . ; .low. 
 
 * WiolvM w«re tttaa eeen abw>* the sbipa 
 diiirh^ the witttiiH'. 
 t '*Hi$ hoaiawain piping to breakfast. 
 
29 
 
 IV hen lorrawi intrade Oii oar peM«, 
 When wrong by mxietT** wound. 
 
 Her endearmeoto prooore at releaw ; 
 How aweet U her tenibmew foand i 
 
 Man it gifted with firnnefi of miod. 
 In dangen sod triampM to ihart. 
 
 But eaeh beaobr nd loAneM eombined , 
 
 OiitiagnWi the ktreljr and fair i 
 All the loul-winniiiK graees and love* 
 
 On BriUinl fiilr fontatept attend ; 
 And when Beauty too tranclent remove* 
 
 With the Virtoea, above, they thall bleod. 
 
 JVr the Winter Ckrmdde. 
 
 «* Com widte for the paper," the Editor eries, 
 
 (I 'Tia Tbonday— my boB hat no atnfflag." 
 End dien your box, u at preaent It lie*, 
 
 la Jatt like my head, a mere pafflia ! 
 
 I have not one jot, or one atom of brain, 
 
 At tbia preaent moment of writing) 
 Andwhilatlaodreadfallyatupldremafai, > 
 
 Tianonaenae to tUnk of inditing. 
 
 Should a aoMTt wiffir thought ever happen to l%ht. 
 
 By deaign or by raanee on my akoll. 
 Too, then, may rely odH 111 inatontW write, 
 
 Aod jnat giv« yoa the sutgeot in fall. 
 
 liRvu-BKua LicK'wn. 
 
 .^ 
 
 ■s/' 
 
 RefiectioM on teeing the Sun tetfor a Period of three Months, 
 
 Nffoemher^ 1819. 
 
 BooBD yon glorinaa orb, whoaefbebla ray 
 BCodu the proud glare of Summer^ liveber day t 
 Hi* MMD^ide beam ahot opward thro* the aky, 
 Searoe giU* the vanlt of Ueaven'ablae eanopy— 
 A fidnter yet, and yet a fUnter light— 
 And lo ! he leavea ua now to one long eheerleaa a^t ! 
 
 And ia U*j|loripm eoqras fiw ever o^er! 
 And ha* he aet iadeed~to riae no more r 
 To ua no more ahall Sprinf^a enlivening beam, 
 Unloek t^e fbuntaina of the fetter'd atream— 
 No more the wHd bM earol throuj^ the d(y. 
 And eheer yon moontoiaa with rode melody ! 
 • •'•••••• 
 
 Onee more ahall Spring her energy reaume. 
 And ehaae the horrora of thia whitry gloom— 
 Onee more ahaU Sammiar'a animating ray 
 Enliven Katnre with perpetual day-- 
 Yon lodhat orb, wii^aelf-inherent light 
 Shan rhe, and dini^te the «hadeB or night. 
 In peeileaa q^endonr rc-poaaeaa the aky, 
 ■-■ AnddiSaebcenovatadmiyea^. 
 
 la yon deputing brbmethinka I aee ',., j 
 
 A econtarpart of frail niartali^. 
 
 baMem of maa ! when Hfelt deeliafatg aoa 
 
 Proclaima tUh awful truth, « ThjT m» it run !" 
 
 Hto ann onOe *etr-4to bright eSblgenee gone, 
 
 Alt, allla darknea»-«* U ne'er had ohoaa ! 
 
 Yet not^ etwr la man^ gloiy ted. 
 Hi* name for ever * nambered with the dead*—- 
 . Like yon bri^t orb, th' immorUl part of maa 
 
 SUall end hk glory, aa it flrat btwin,— 
 liEeHiia, eneUfdi^iaeeleaUJlight, , 
 Shall rite triumphant *mida the ahaile* of nigh^ 
 Her native enor^a again reaume, 
 Dttpt the ditjl^ #lciter of the wnb. 
 And, bidding dAft with all ita terroreflr. 
 Bloom b perpetual Spring thro' all oteralty ! 
 
 .h,\ 
 
 >.» 
 
 a ■ 
 
 
 H V 
 
 
■mf^^' 
 
 ' ' '|)MWWEBHiiawifc'a'jJH.a!Ea 
 
 30 
 
 • •• t »••••• •• ••■ •••• 
 
 No. VIL^MONDAY, D£CEMBER n, 1819. 
 
 Mb. EBiToa^Tboa(h I hive wit the 
 pleuurt! of your penoiuu MqnainUnM, v«t 
 tbt) taTonralAe impmtian 1 W9 rawhmi of 
 your hanumhy wMn yoa iottrtbred to wt« 
 tne I'roia tbetonMirwIopentioareeominviid- 
 od by PhikMo^hieiu, emboldena me Ui apply 
 to ymi tor adviee in a ea^e where not Only 
 my tuir, bat ikin, oaroaw and all are in 
 danger, amidit the borron of Winter, of 
 being redaeed to aihes. 
 
 You mutt know then. Sir, that a eertain 
 gentleman, (whom I will not deacribe to 
 you as a sedate looking tort of a man, wkh 
 a thin face, and so on, beeause that m%ht 
 seem to result (him ili-natnre,)— this gen- 
 tleman I say. Sir, takes partieiilar del%ht, 
 when I am sleeping before tho fire, in put- 
 ting a hot einder under my th^, and then 
 laughs most heartily t6 sett ma ran awajr, 
 holding it but, froih the sense of pain, tmtil 
 I amfully awake. Now, Sir, I have endur- 
 M^ tins and similar trieksibr some time, and, 
 though often meditating' retaliationj I dare 
 not execute it, as the result of biting his 
 legs, besides perhaps bre'akiuK my teeth 
 against the bones, would be hanishment firom 
 ti>« fire-sMe, and I would submit tb any in- 
 dignity rather than forfeit so great an adran* 
 tage. 
 
 I darie uy you participate somewhat in 
 my feelings; bnt to put the case autre 
 
 ■tRNigly, suppose, Bfr. Editori aomawlgh^ 
 when yoa were sunk hi sound apose, shoohl 
 chip a hot eonl antler you 1 Now, this was 
 just my case the other night; and, aal am 
 a poor helpless hmooent* u you ean inform 
 me how I can obtain revenge, eonsistently 
 with my interest, oi' es e ap e the future per- 
 seeotioa of my tormentor, yoa will confer a 
 deep obligation on 
 
 PmCBBB. 
 
 "Hieatre Royal North Ceorgia, 
 
 On Wednesday evening, r'le FAree of 
 The Cmxeli was played artth a spirit and 
 sneeess fully equaUinjg. the expectations M 
 whiebiflie.fbrmcc pf r^rmaiuni^ a| this Aea- 
 b% had (^ven rife. . Waeapoot omit to no- 
 tice eipeciairy the animation and effeet with 
 which the ver^ difieult scene waa earrie< 
 through, in which. Old^ipot is discovered 
 under the table in Coriniw's lodginpi dur- 
 ing alt this scene the noose was Kept In con- 
 tinual laughter. 
 
 Two songs were introduced at intervals-- 
 the well-known one of « Arthur (^Brad-^ 
 ley," by Mr. Beecbey, and a. new song 
 written for the oeeaaion, and sung by Mr. 
 Palmer, to the tune of <* The Bay of Biscay 
 
 Theatre Royal, Nortli Georgia. 
 
 ON THURSDAY, DECBMBfeB 2d; I8t9. 
 
 Will be peiibrmed Garridc'k eelehrated Faroe of 
 
 THE MAYOR OF OAtlBATT. 
 
 MEN..'-' ' ,.- 
 Sir Jacob Jollup, Mr-Niaa. Mi^ Stot^geon, Mr. BtmnrAV^ 
 
 Jerry Sneak, Mr. BncBsr. Brain, Mr. WAUntAX. 
 
 Crispin Heelti^, Mr. HiruB. Matthew Mug, Mr.PAUT. 
 
 Lhit, Mr. BaVfiBUT. Snaffle, Mr. GRunna. 
 
 WOMBN. 
 Mrs. Sneak, Mr. Hoorb. Mrs. Brain, Mr. Rosa. 
 
 . M<4>, &c. Ice. 
 After which will be represented, ah entire new Musical Entertainment, written 
 expressly for the occasion, called 
 
 THE NO]|TH- WEST PASSAGE r 
 
 TME roTJioi rimsmo. 
 
 MEN.. 
 
 Seamen o/* the BtcUx. 
 Tom, Mr. Nua. Harry,, Mr. GBiittna. Bill* Mr. Pauibr. 
 
 &amen o/(ft«GMAp*. 
 
 Jack, Mr. Hofrinni» Dick, Mr. Wionux. 
 
 I^andlord, Mr. BmnaAB, Brother to Sosan, Mr. Hvu». An Esquiannx, Mr. HtnM* 
 
 . - VOMEN. , , ^■'''' 
 
 Susan, Mr. Heiinii. Nl, Mr. Boas. 
 
 Doora wilt be opened at HalC past Sbi, and the Cartain will rise at SeTeae^eloek precisely. 
 

 ~T~wr^' 
 
 SI 
 
 ••••#•••••••** 
 
 ADTERTI$EMENTS. 
 
 ^ WANTS A PLA^.a Gentleaum, who 
 wtti nndertak* to write DOGGRBL VBS- 
 8ES fbr tlM rHBATBB or NBWSPA- 
 FEB. WUI aoolnM to write bj the fbot, 
 yard, erfitthom. 
 
 PtaMe to applj to O. P., next doortoCh 
 Frkitin| Oflee. No eomieKiea with Siinoa 
 BWRKJIiaui^ Albert orQ. 
 
 WANTED, fiir the on Of the Feribm- 
 en. a aOMideraUe PORTION of A88UR. 
 ANCEt aho a qoaati^ of aonnd ntantire 
 ■■•"!"7» (forr^alra) at ner yard. Any 
 apadraaa poMekw a MtoeraboadaMe of 
 thew reqoidtea will Go treated with m libe- 
 ral terou. 
 
 Apply to the GoMadttM. 
 
 AN AflMteor it dcaitMa of 
 GOOD VOICB. with i«M 
 nMMgemeat 
 ^AppliMttioa to be made at the Glob Boom, 
 P4»«treei, priof to Chriytnaa Ete. 
 
 ACEEABRATBD Liter nbanetor 
 hat proetued, during an exeunioh amooc 
 the^Sian, Mine *ety BBIGHT IDEAS; 
 vhlah hemeanstoKibmittothehnpeetioii 
 of hie Meadaandthepablie, tai theeoane 
 af the eMBliig week "^ 
 
 A GBNTLEMAK. kbooriog nnder the 
 BBeonyeaieMe of ah inerMtweorporatibo, 
 32"" ""^J^Jfe VOTE and INTEWr at 
 Iheti^tCITY EUBCnON toanyperm 
 wnwring the eompteint wMwot a vMnetion 
 
 J**^l«n nay be obtahied at the Pttvp 
 "•~~ Bath. 
 
 fbr'ito 
 
 -l^ST. Stolen, or Stngr«d, a WHITB 
 ^OX^ with a tang tail and a longeedtaijit 
 
 be toaaewhere on the tdand, or on the ioe in 
 itt imnuidhte neighboorhood, he mi^ eaiily 
 be found. 
 AddreM to G. E. No. 8, North Georgia. 
 
 A GENTLEMAN, who haa eMbavnor- 
 
 ed to begnite the tewous wintry hows in 
 praetiting loaie pieees of muie, preaented 
 to hia> by a fidraod mnah etteemed friend, 
 hating been pedttUariy vnibrtonate ia break« 
 ingthe ttrinnof hfeTiolin, wishes to par- 
 ehaaeONEof the FBLINB SPECmS, to 
 order to replaee (hem. 
 
 Inqviry to be made at the Aeademy of 
 Atta and Seimeea. 
 
 aiiaweia totha 
 
 OtJack. AsheranM 
 
 LEFT, behind the gaenea, idker the 
 pertomunce, on Wedncaday evening, a 
 BOX, eontaming a pareel of eoafitt, two 
 bdttlea of lavender water, a nvall paehet of 
 rooM, aome white powder, five artifieial 
 teem, one pair of eye-browi, three lam 
 moitoahioa, with whiiken to eorrc^^ondt 
 sixteen papers of eoart plaster, a silver thim> 
 ble, ma^ E. R., a pair of ladies' garter^, 
 senm gold, ringh Willi varioaa stones, one 
 having the deviee of two hearU transfixed 
 with an arrow, three smeilbgbattlnsb a |Mhi< 
 eoshion, a pah* of enrUngjIraot, severs! Mt- 
 tl«a of roae-water, and varions other per* 
 fanPMMi with a nomber of smaller artiolea, 
 among whieh is a reoipe for promotiag the 
 growthofahewd. 
 
 The onrnermay have it again, hy d<!serib- 
 ing the box, on applieatioo at the Greea- 
 rpom Of the Theatre. 
 
 T» a* EiUor •/the muter Chrtnicle. 
 Sibf-^ beg to eorreet an error whieh has 
 erept into Uie third page of yoor last Nnm- 
 fier, nndcfi'tfie heart oTaeaidentf^ offimees, 
 tta. The prison from whieh the stote pri- 
 soner therein mentioaed made his eseape, 
 Waenot theJErctrre/, botthe /%e«. 
 Toan^ Ite. 
 FiTifujb FinrnxB, ^Bart. 
 
 JPw the mnter Ckrmkle. 
 
 THE GBSEN.ROOM, OR A PEEP BEHIND THE CURTAIN. 
 
 /: . . I. .. ■ ..^ ■ ■■ 
 
 Con Hittoaatoty iw Mtose w(MM;«^b^ 
 
 A Mory 4w tM% win leroeraber, % 
 To tell it in v«rte, she has pouled her pate t 
 <Th a saeae thit oeeorred in North O eorg to -* h te 
 
 One evening in gtoomy Deecmber. 
 
 • : H. 
 
 Tim nta^ and thib mdon had inomhied the hnr. 
 
 Not a leaf on tht mdQBtoin-top trembled , 
 The wolf eeaaad hH bowling^ and eaeirtMirU% rU 
 Bad AifFgotten to mdrmdi', as fi«ken ttreuns wilt, 
 Mm a MWiid eonidJiehMrd, fiw^idl natore stood still, 
 
 W^ the |%iM» tin gi«M4«om«namHed. 
 
 jijit-ji^- . ■>- ; -^..arj^-^^'.jyt-.yii^^ 
 
S9 
 
 M ••••••• M«M***« • 
 
 p.. 
 
 h 
 
 III * 
 
 Fint«ldD«ddf Flitlpot'miMtottwiaf in, • 
 
 At Ull •nd M sUf u • hoDHMick, 
 Whh wo-b«|QM TiM|t, Ikok •hops lad loo| dib, 
 He for aU Um world lookM like the pktan of 8i», 
 
 Or Ifte « DMili't iMad OB a mop-Miek ! 
 
 IV. 
 
 «• Adwwiu !'* qttotfi Ifarii,* •* thh bodj wont meet » 
 
 '• Hew die dtMO dnll I e'er get njr MMh on r 
 •• TImmo tboeiare tooelnnuy hjhtMtatmf fMtr— 
 *• So dp what I will I ihell neter look nett, < t 
 " It% enoth to pt Job in » poMt enl" 
 
 V. r'y 
 
 thraoomea the joang Ck,* bi h !• eoet of light graoo, 
 
 (JVbMi btn»t 't*<w "Md* of a eortain J 
 . UiwAtnweityeoaattaigJMmMdandjr, Iweeni 
 Soeh a medley ot flnory noTer wai teea, 
 
 At thh end of the town, Ian eeftahk 
 
 ■'■ *. VI. 
 
 «• Ton Ton," erieaCorlma, ** oonelaee up 1117 itay*, 
 
 <• Bnt tiMk nf ablrt enrefullj flrat in." 
 Ton pullM till Coriana kok'd red in the faec, 
 Bnt die bore it, aweetMNil, with a very good graee. 
 Wheat bonnee ! went an cye^ia bole^ eraek wept the Mee^ 
 
 Twat like a r^ gooaiheny bontbig ! 
 
 VIL 
 
 Then enter poor Bea«fiiH, with look ■eprafamd, 
 YonMhaioawamho was tionbiod With phthiMat 
 
 •« Yon kwk, air?' anoth Moll, <• Ukoaahoep in« pound, 
 
 *• Or a aOldUv atort, of a nilor ffronnd. 
 ** Ot a nookiy abowk to tdn piytie!'<t 
 
 Vllt 
 
 And here mjr poor Mtow it in ntter detpak'. 
 
 To reoord half the pother nnaUe, 
 Sneh bottle and tadket, and uproir were there, 
 
 ?M eannot i)nd mght that may wkh ic ooittpani 
 et, atnr-vaayoueTeratBartlen/fidrf 
 « 'Twat a downright theatrical Baku. 
 
 ., / . IX. , 
 
 «* You've Ueed me to ti^t, 1 deelara I'm half dead," 
 
 <*Popb, ntntenae, makehaite, patyoorahoeton. ^ 
 
 ♦• Where the devill my wig ?*--•« Why, a top of nor Uad." 
 ** Who ean lendine a pinw or a needle and thread? 
 «• I with it wat over, and I magb bed." 
 , Happy tcene6r theatric eonnuion! 
 
 X. 
 
 Bnt tee 1 the eonfoden drawt near to a dote. 
 And the Mnae bu near done her kiditiai. 
 The pafaiter hit art on each viMge bertowtt 
 ByiHlftilarraogomentonmaiiranaae 
 Tlie lily now bloomi, where bdMwUnh'd OB ote. 
 €taod loek to ]vennUion and whiWf! 
 
 • Charaetm In the CMMtn, which #aa preparfaig ftr repreaentatkili. 
 t " Ilik^ a limlte iMdf Ik nn* l6ng.*wMarto hi the CttiMR. 
 
 li~ 
 
33 
 
 XI. 
 H wk ! lutA ! lit Om piompter, vboM iMgiMl botl 
 
 M«kM thv (toouat heart fe«l palpitedonr 
 I aball not dettia yoo, kind ruder, to telt 
 How tkU OM f\MJtd pMMbl7, that nn well. 
 With other imporumt erenu thM beTd 
 
 The Uram. Ptn. on th» mercy osenkm ! 
 
 xn. 
 
 yet teM yoa dioold feney my Man mewrt M tctte. 
 
 Be Urn the iMt ««rw of her Moiy I 
 Loot l«im;^ mw tiKiir effbru eontinae to pieM*, 
 And Ipag m*y Old J^ghtud have aetora like theae, 
 And MiiM to eoiiduet them aerow the proud aeaa. 
 
 To Mdd a M« wreath to her i^ory. 
 
 Pnnm Tox. 
 
 No. V1II.-.M0NDAY, DECEMBER 20, 181». 
 
 To theEdftw of tht mnttr Chrtrntisle, 
 Is looking over aomo bM nmiiMript aea- 
 
 imperfect one which aetma to relate to an 
 Mtempt very siniilar to that ^ which we an 
 now engacMl. The date ia oncer^b, tho 
 aeeondand moat material fipue of the year 
 beine imfintanat/rly orated thoa ««A. D. 
 14»?' Thinkiof. howeveiv that U mj 
 amme aome of yoor reaAen if hmntod in 
 your paper, I u«naeribe all that ^ legible i , 
 
 '* Soaeeingwet- miriitnidM no 
 
 more progreme thia yeare, wee did eounaelle 
 to eome to bmJe if a haven thero roi|^t be 
 fo!>nd.fin- winter4ec?uitiei and haying aeareh' 
 ed diiigentlie toe ye aame, by GoA good, 
 neiae, and our pilot'a akille in marine affiiirea, 
 we eame to anebiM- in a goodlie hay. wlmro 
 by dircra Mode ofaaerrationB ve did Ind Uie 
 b^tofy* Northern Pole near mfmkf 
 and^Ve degress; 
 
 Mere wee did abide about nine months 
 and haviM good aton of provfauonu (beside 
 deere and other meate that wee did kUle) 
 wo wanted §» nothing b«t emphMfoient in 
 this oar icy prisonoe, tnd that oar eompanie 
 m^t not runne bto miteiijefjt for hiek of 
 hilwltie, wee dU eontrivo aondrie joecne 
 plfMforoar men:U4iialang.inaomaeh that 
 UsH%;lmcMe the d«rf| eooid netftr «ihie 
 Uie aaeendaneie. Bat ^kere wet« thr^ of 
 5S" •«»P»»,«»» ogmianie (•ho ia w«e 
 did eoneeive did enterdafne aeeitt eommn- 
 nieation with hi* Worship} iHio yiUed 
 Mt to ioyne/with jaa hi ifaSa dor hibiritk, 
 albeit they did not ftfl to benefitte dtorcbyo 
 without any pains by them t4tp. ^heisf 
 upon, oar enptaine, fh»evrin§ tho MMpd 
 lastlie order them to be ahortlie^viiimmd, 
 like men m a garrhnnno who ytlTnQt 6glit 
 the enemie, <ftr' sind hti '.hMewhieOQ 
 ^. ben^tte U>e eommnnitie, & %ommi^« 
 nitie^ Ut not boanden to beneatte them. » So 
 tney're ehc^pca grew more leane than otdi< 
 
 nahtto, and likewiae theyre leasee wUdi 
 aaosed them to wax exeeedhig wrMh, and m 
 oxeetding merrie. Albeit, onr eomaaM* 
 MMhhig heeding Iheyiv indignatioa, did oaoaa 
 thevM eheokea to be singed wkh a red- 
 hotiflhmnne, fashioned after tho lettors K. C. 
 (whose meanfcig^ beiM iio sdwtar, 1 could 
 not firthome) by wbiei oar (Meadea in old 
 Bhglande might aske and knew iboyto hla> 
 tarle. After this fiMhioo w*e iDd IttnM 
 theyre InaetiTide to oor own merrimentOk 
 and dU loeompaase the Devil and hia Imptii; 
 by taming thevre oa^n weiiponea against 
 '.nemi I .* 
 
 k in moeil to be regretted that no mora 
 of thbeorimn maAoseript is le|^blo t far, th« 
 old navigator seem to have been ptaeed in a 
 situation so exactiv similar to oars^ that I 
 doubt not we m^^ |mve reoeivod many 
 useful hints from their experienei^ bi addU 
 tion to those I have transenbed. 
 ;i am, Mr. Editor, 
 
 x our obedient Servant, 
 
 •r. 
 
 Ti th$ SiBtor of M« mni0r CkrmUcle. 
 
 Bim-4 regret to aaquaint yon, that hi eon- 
 •e^uenee of the ehief jastiee having raptor- 
 ed a blobd-vessel in a violent fit of launte^ 
 oeoat^on^d by weiog Coansellor PuizieveH 
 outer the bai| with a «onimtpoporeap<ni^ 
 fiintaMlbally ontamentMt with «nndi bells, 
 the €!o«rt.tf Common Sense is at prosent 
 eloaed< The period of ill rft«|i«oing haa 
 . not yet bfeon deiff mUied on. 
 
 ' Obbibtxb. , 
 
 ADVfRTlSBMENT. 
 
 STS AITBI) from their Owner aome Time 
 dorim the hut two Months, a OOOj^ of 
 fXNiS QALVSa^Whosoever will give 
 a9sh Infoivnatioo as mnr IM tothete recove- 
 ry, will be handsomely rewarded, OB ap- 
 plying Ht No. 1, Bell-lane, next door to the 
 
 lub-room. 
 
 e 
 
 mmm^ 
 
 .J'tM"' 
 
 #i*^:'# 
 
•^. 
 
 ^ 
 
 u 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 •••••••••• ••••tM« t« 
 
 "A i l1 T, 
 
 3^ $h$ ManaMtr and CmmmUttt ff tht 
 7VkM«r» M»gal, JVhriA 0«Myta. 
 
 OBHTUim— I tm • widow, twmt\**tii 
 yMrtafM*, wid wn prodoM andmkU* 
 iMtimonteb of my alMUMtw Md fwdifti •• 
 tiona ; bat bdbr« I WMlertaka Um bu ih Mmof 
 draMinK the l«diMat the tbcMr^, I wMi lo 
 be inflMrmed whether k toeutaoMnr for then 
 to keep oo their breeeheti «lHr. ir I nwr be 
 allowed two or three oT the ibatett ■Me- 
 ■eeiaeo or oMrine^ to taMe theirMtyt. So 
 no nore et pneint Aonif 
 
 Gentlemea, jenn «■ VMr be, 
 
 AawAn IiAinacBArr. 
 P. S. Could yoa allow holimd* hiitead of 
 beer^ Aefiirtea, that !• no ol^eet. 
 
 Jhthe EdUw^tKt J^fkrth Oeorgia Oo- 
 aittt. 
 8i»-Aa I wMjerterdej iodoUM hi • fit 
 of eonnoleo^, or hi other worda, dosing 
 beCove thefire-eidoi ■ nrtoT wakioc dream 
 mmeated itiek'*o my finer, whieb I bet 
 tlw liberty oT detalUnf . I tkoagbt I wu hi 
 one of the eabha,, obeervhif the opm^ 
 oretcotieman faith* nexttoit, thnmih • 
 eUnkfaithobiilk>head. 9««aaaitthi|ata 
 taUeflMiof mej audi aooo «Jif«»»rt*' »^ 
 MefkeyeTa • fine rransy raUing.** Ho iMd 
 ftdicet of pwer before hfan, on whieb bit 
 hoMl weonmiPody wandered »|tha dower 
 or more nmid notion, a* the hridit ideu 
 wemed to fioat on hiotatelleetiial dgbt. Af- 
 ter a paow of a tpm moment* he Iwpii, bat 
 I unit ever revr«^tbat the tone, the cneity 
 of the voiee, the exprenfan of the dark eye, 
 the fieree animation of the eoiintenanee, 
 eannot be eooTeyed by worda. He began 
 aafidlowi: 
 
 <• Tin moon, resplendent orb, I wcon, 
 " Shone brillfaut, like— — — — 
 
 ** Like, like, let me see— I have it 
 
 « II like oor aoap tureen { 
 
 «The ahaggy wolf Malked on the ihore 
 
 "like, 
 
 **Uke wbatf for I matt have another simile 
 
 — boatwraloa— no, no, he"* too dark^-etop I 
 
 on remedy tha»— 
 
 *» Like boptewain daobVI wkh lime or floor. 
 
 *< The ittu« lialf qoeneb'd, aeitoi aaatttered 
 
 - there , ., 
 
 (<Likebri«leton--r •'•ehin. 
 
 « While hi the boikiw ahipa we iK.f 
 
 ••ThotliM^ good, bat uMlemt anlla I 
 get aooao le^ abining tooeh oveqr two or 
 tki«oHnee,«be8eia|MMtBAicMti>i"t- One'* 
 eompMlBOM ahonU be natnral, atriking, 
 eaai^ flowing tato the verae. ftaah a one 
 haa jolt popped into my head, and III go 
 over it oaee again. 
 
 «• While in the hollow ahipa we lie, 
 
 «' Like peara or bleekbirda in a pie t 
 
 •• Or Ilk* that flab ao moeh renown^, 
 
 •• That on the Corniah eoaat ia found 
 
 *• A POahard bight— who aame aa we 
 
 •< Pcepe thraogh the enut, the atara to aee." 
 
 Jndge iay Aaappointment, BIr. Editor, 
 when the dkinor.lieil ringtaig, ttaited the 
 poet ftwn biar«v*i4et Oat, If before hia 
 reat«*ee gtawed with Aebillean firc^ tfwy 
 now a aen m ad the ghtfc of the bongry tiger i 
 and, idonbt iftbe latier would hafre outdone 
 bia apiai hi "feaahfaig th* dhHior<table. I 
 need baidiv add, that the aaene bell whioh 
 oaiied my friend away, put an end to the de* 
 luaion. vj awaking me. 
 
 1 am. Sir, yoor aneere welNwiAer, 
 Pinu-Soiarai. 
 
 Phil»4omiiaa^ iHter roaebed aa lait 
 wedi, bat our. eolamna did not admit of iu 
 hNMPtiont afane wUab, n-«ireamatanee bu 
 oeoarred, whiA makea aa eooaider^he delay 
 aa eapeeialhr fiHrtnaate. We regM^ed hn 
 eommnnieawnahaplT aaaJm-dVi^, with- 
 outa aaarSahm that tt bad ita foundation in 
 teality. WeweremoatMreeablyaurpriaed, 
 thereiSsre, on loeeiving Mring the preaent 
 week the Hniaiona of Un pott whom Philo- 
 Sfomnna overheard hi the aet of eompoaition, 
 eompleted flir our papa anah aa \j» now 
 Buldlain them. I1iHo4iNana<^a letter, bow- 
 ever,ia notthelemhiteraatingt itmay remind 
 aome of our rendera of the pleaaore with 
 whieb 'thejr have read the oriciaal draft of 
 Mr. Popeni tranalation of the IKaMf, aa eom- 
 pared widi the flniahed and paMMied eopy. 
 
 .natEdaartfthtmtUer Chrwick, 
 
 M«. BiDiTDiiMif the following eflbrta of 
 mj Maais dnaid be deemed woptty a plaee 
 inyonr valuable eOtqinna, their inwrtioa wilt 
 aflwd nneb graliflMitiqn te^ ^ 
 
 A Toomi BMunxB.. 
 
 Tn moqn, reaplendoirt orb, Jiinea brig^ I ween, 
 Ita briUbmoe ia Joat IB(» our aeup tiireeni 
 The aaotr-drift, wMed^by the poaaing breete, 
 Loofca like that veaaei fillM wtdvbopig peaar, 
 *|%at thrlae jsaeh week anokea Am^ on ott^board 
 In ahue of aoup, pea^oop, to ffeedthe horde. 
 The abaniy «^ italka alowly on th« diore. , 
 Uko boaiMraia^hen Widi hio«HNat oover'd o^er.. 
 
 Sfik-j. 
 
 
 kI^Hd 
 
 k 
 
 mlEl ^^^1 
 
 
 
ijr lte«d» aad III go 
 
 WhUer Chrmikle* 
 
 35 
 
 •MM******** 
 
 Tm itan ikiM Hmhft and Mmi MttterM iMa 
 JmM Mm Um briillMiMii on . 1 ( 
 
 Mruon, 
 
 Uka iMvn i* ipriM, wImo u«M bMhi Diiir kadiiitt, 
 
 OrUk«tb«|teMMMkbow8uiMln1iMiUii« ' 
 
 WhU* hi Uit Mtow dilpt we«mglT lit 
 
 LilM UartWnb.^ MMk-btnl^rB a ptet 
 
 Or Ww that lA ■> Iom , to nwwli rM M WW ¥» 
 
 ThMM tka CornUi •mM io nrtriM ibaiM^ 
 
 A pilclMrd biglit, w|m>, mike u mggM wt, 
 
 Pmm ihraoKli the criHt, the MOM «mI Man to ••• t 
 
 And hMMW, vj pM»l«, ktcn mmI ilMuri 
 
 Hav* thajr, at ««, aami oft^Umaa aa|i^ 
 
 W« BMHUr tvlM 00 cmIi revohiag^, 
 
 Like ■hepherda who take «are their floafu doa^ Mngr, 
 
 We keep a waiak bjr Blcbl, I'd have 700 kaaw, 
 
 B«ttha» lia like a waMi that doaa aat |0. 
 
 We take eaeh oMal at ita aeeiMtOMiU hour, 
 
 What kuMT aoaa aMMia aweet, botwiw taMaa nur. 
 
 Oar appetRoa haM left ■% moeh like tkota 
 
 Vraaa whfoaii pale siakaeia Meala avajr kaalth'a rata ! 
 
 Bat aot like tbaaa we i le e p fer,%aew, we wmm 
 
 Like MMa whekaawMtkow toaleep btfiwe. 
 
 That do we watab, tat, drinic, and idea^ anaia. 
 
 And thaa, wa watab, eat« drink, and ■liap i^gaift^ 
 
 —To driva thia doll noaatony awagr. 
 Onteefvrirfiirtiiigkt we getupa pfanri ' 
 DelifktfU bottle, eath fine weart a taHa, 
 Then'h aooriU like plan dull tadMMM t» baMiila % 
 Wkh tprinf^ rtcora, I trait theyll mil batand 
 A retord how fodd kaaaaar aM^ I ' 
 
 \ 
 
 ■m 
 
 ''1^' 
 
 i 
 
 Aad ikew that aiea, who ti^e tM) propor 
 
 Half alwqra to thenttlvM flndi 
 At to aaanre aftaiw the boniihateat, 
 Atid Aeir how flMMh dtpandi 00 maoageaMot. 
 Witk BpHag^a retnra, like the Maatriaat beou 
 BehoM ail baetlet aU atlivitv ! 
 At Spriai^t rttnro, when Phcibaa tkawt Ma baai^ 
 Like Sianard riiiag from hit fiMther'keiV 
 Well tinke dolliloth and indolenee awajr. 
 Arid give our mindt no looger to a plajr. 
 Sirtdwidi Inth ardour , and with bold inttat. 
 Our mindt iltall, like oar prowt^ be wcttward bant, 
 Until Paaifte'a walrei jiour forth tweet tooadt, 
 ChinUag to at like— 3Wfi% thmuanipvmda I 
 
 )" 
 
 
 T. *» BdUtr 0/ the Winier ChnrnkU. 
 
 Sot— At fiint tight of your torretpondent 
 P't rebiy interted in yoor fifth number,! 
 gave myielf eredk . for kvi'v^ at oute diteo* 
 ▼aredthe tetttUon i bnt the lwe:/{^ of the 
 firtt artiele dattrayed aay airy hope, until by 
 ebanee a day or tw« aioae I aMt with a tear 
 maql letter* whereia kit dear Sally expreatet 
 an earaatt bene tbft her letter will reaeh 
 him in the emoyment of good JicftA. Now, 
 Sir, at 1 eoatider Mr. P. kit poatibfar teamed 
 to tpell 001 of the tame dietiooary with Sally, 
 I aball nokmcer heaitate in hqrh« befbrejoa 
 the teore of ^oea whieh I bave^Md oat, ia 
 elitcidatkm of the anthm''l meaning. 
 I am, fee. do. 
 
 CAimaATin. 
 
 SOLUTION. 
 
 Oir the ware or on the tbora, 
 NoUy bom or bamUy poor. 
 Bleat vith eompetenee or wealth « 
 Man'b fint with roust itill be hekk/ 
 What tm monaroh'k thronet eaa lUae, 
 Fair at Clemency diTine? 
 Who eoald with jidonh vie, 
 Peerleit ia a Ooddtat* wfe i 
 If the parta of theae you join. 
 In Ae word yon thnteomblne, 
 Yoall a veaael't name ditolooe. 
 Dreaded oft by Britafai'tfoeti* 
 
 * The Heela't Itat lerntse, m a ahipdl' 
 war, waa aa ooe of Lord Exmoatb*t ieet, ' 
 
 at the attack on Alg^ra. 
 
 E 
 
96 
 
 7 
 
 Vow comniMibMd to txslora 
 
 Unknown »n» to AiMi'h i 
 
 And in thb — poop W d M«* 
 
 Tbo' the fMt nuqr nuka j«a mil*, 
 
 DonktlcM otf tk«ir ikip adaiir*, 
 BnMadroondlMrvintM'Iro. <k 
 
 LMdlr ■Mad tlnr tnmpvt, F«B^ 
 
 'WJJfy IHO BHmk M bOf MUM* 
 
 No. IX.— MONBAY, DECEMBER %7, 1819. 
 
 i. 
 
 7> ^Edtttr^thaWUatrQkimMf^ 
 
 " He wu(r* far oflTtk* antiofawtMi Jogr, 
 " Turtle am) TtniMa all hia tboogliu ampkijr, 
 " Prepares for mcab! aajoakajrt taka aaweat, 
 **Ufa, oauawwa! an enedo for a wbat!** 
 
 M«. KUTOB— Happening to itMnble a dajr 
 Or two ago upon the aMvwnnM^tbajr bmmM 
 to mv reaolleetion an advtrtlaanMnt that I 
 read in jroar Ckroniale laat week, dated from 
 tlie Pamp-raen, Balk. , NatwMiManding 
 the addfcM, however, I aqipeet ftwrn tho 
 •tyle of the fentfeawn, that be ia batter aa« 
 qnainted in a well-known elty MMMwhat to 
 theeaalwardi bat that lea iMtlar of Uttle 
 import to me. my ahn aot betac •» moah to 
 ■ain the no aomaMo reward wnieh he hoMa 
 fbnb, M torgivo a fireedom to the ovatBow 
 kwaor the milk of haman kkidaea^ with 
 whUh mynatara (with modal^ bo it apo- 
 kenO la too faii. I eannot, ho«a«Bf« pro- 
 e«ed wlihaariMkhigattroiig pMlaat nahMt 
 thoae Mib and aqoeamiah f a aH t iW oT the 
 
 Cf, 'whieh prompt him to naMeata, ar af- 
 j to nanaeaia, the leallj barmltia mean a 
 whieh the ■nl^ of hia %aBea. adopiad far 
 the attabimcntvfa pralM'Worthjrand volup- 
 toooa end ; a meana too w innocent aa to haf a 
 been praetiaed far time immemorial bjr many 
 a worthjr oiticen, withoot ao mueb aa a wry 
 fkae, •tin lem dreaming of tlia leaatindeliea- 
 cy, ro a praetiee that adminiirtefad. ao moch 
 denghtful tenmtioo. Bat thaaa poeta, Mr. 
 Editlr, have been w pampefod with high- 
 •eaaoned vianda, that it ia almoat impoMible 
 to find Ibod or pliyaie of a material, oatara 
 laflSeiently rvfined to imitthe ezooiaite aen- 
 ■ibility of their appetite*.. Initeadoffecdhig 
 like other good aotiU apon tart!» or v^Jboo, 
 they have red on ambroaia with the mm. 
 Instead of good old port, they moat have 
 nectar, and v^eethig Calvert'k Ine brown- 
 atont, and Meoxla entire, nothing forsooth 
 wiU aerve them bat gulping down whole 
 strnama at the fbot of Pamas«m Setting 
 aside, therefore, any attempt to plcaaa saeb 
 daio^ gentlemen, I shall leave them to their 
 prMadiBfs.and proceed to oiTer my adviee 
 tpthegenllebanoftbePiimb-room. In the 
 first place let \im set the poets at defiance ; 
 and in the o^txt eoma»eoae« cianrae of what 
 th<^ latter has been pleaaed to call " nanse- 
 oas,**^ but which th^ (tlderman found so UK- 
 ftd aa a preparative; be howeyef. nt 
 
 ** Abdoninoaa and wan, 
 •* Lik« a fat sqoab upon a Chineae fan,** 
 
 Now, I preaama itia the idea of this pie- 
 tore that haimtt the imagination of oar cid- 
 aan of the Pump-room, the evila of whieh 
 ho foresaw and justly depracatea. Certainljr 
 k seema a aaa h maho l y prospect, bat happily 
 for hhn,t eaa plaaowitUn hia grasp the 
 laf aantr a taning smth a eabminr. I 
 iwieaMnr to imitate the akilfal physi- 
 aad pohit oat how that whieh waa a 
 bane to tha one, may ha. rendered an anti- 
 dote to tho other. My plan, Mr. Editor, 
 baa sinplieity to raaonmend i^ a quality by ' 
 whieh It ia disttognished from regolar medi- 
 cal praatiea hi general t it consists merely in 
 
 I praatiea hi general t it censisu merely I 
 the trifling htversion af the order of meals 
 andmadiaMea. The alderman took his dose 
 na a preparative, alwaja-Mbrehia ntMls: 
 lot the pOBM-foom aitkw» than, whose ob- 
 jaet la so dintoat, onlv gat hia ftwd first, and 
 tako kis doaa ranfairiy an boor afterwards. 
 And,aa Ittig aalM shall persevere in the 
 , I will readily atake all my aradit upco 
 
 Iramatai, Sir, fan. fae. 
 
 Pixuinmonm. 
 
 VaUTaiOAt BtlOllT. 
 
 Thursday evening'a entertainment com- 
 menced with 'JTke Moffr of Oarratt/ a 
 faree whicb^ nolwhhotanding its characters 
 are drawn from low and ▼algar life, has ever 
 maintafaied its popularity by its abandant 
 humour, and by ita jnohwd satire of exten- 
 sive application. We are of opinion that in 
 none of the preceding performances at this 
 theatre have the characters generally been 
 so well sus t a to ed.t a cireumstance which we 
 are ' pleaa^ in aseribtog to the inareased ac- 
 quaintance of the dramatis persona with the 
 mannera and cosloma of the alage. 
 
 Tte JIfcwar ^ Oorratt was followed by a 
 new nuuieal after-pieee, the joint production ' 
 of oar princimi bards and whs, entitled The 
 ^trth-ttett Poaauv, or the Vtgagt Fin- 
 ithed. The eharaSters having been ah«ady 
 annouwed in the advertisement of latt Mon- 
 dsf an'tonight, and the sulgeck of th« piece 
 being obvious from its title, we proceed to 
 give a sh": ^ account of it.. It is divided into 
 five w4iji for tlie ssJM of convenience. The 
 
I I 
 
 37 
 
 (••••«•••••••••••••• 
 
 m M MM M wiHcr iMrwwr, 
 
 of tiM Cm it laid at Wtalw lUrbmir, 
 Mnd tht lima 
 uniiomijr look I 
 
 MM of Mtivo OBOrtiOII { _ . 
 
 Hodo'te boot londo, aad Moto tlio Gripof li 
 •aionoatlMiroi ihof aiMok oT Ihohp fMoro 
 praipoot^ 0*4 imoy Jokoo oro MMMd on Om 
 tr—mkint of Um wkMh TM Ml oo»- 
 ^•dM wMi on oMTopriolo nof, omI Uum 
 ohoenoolMvlaf WlMorHorkonr. ThoM- 
 oood oet io MknaMtt«tokoBloo«.oar(]rki 
 tho Munmor of 1M9, viwn Iho tblM hov* 
 woooodwl In fumtng tho morMlOB or Moo- 
 kensie'k Kiwr. Horo (ko Nmo orowi moet 
 
 tho itovornnMnl hod obt»lnud fram iho iwtrr 
 tor of tho BnuMwiok wliolor, rra« tho par- 
 tWitthurt of whioh. ond tho •InHMNtonoo that 
 thio woo iko onl« vctNl by whoco the DImo* 
 vory BhiBO hod Won oion in Iho wmmor ol 
 IIIV, Iho hool kopoo oro aupirod of thelt- 
 •ofctjr ond Mnotio. In oet the fourth we re* 
 
 hwnhig oTooBM wkohM* ioiCi opponro hi tho 
 diolonoo ohoiod bjr o boot, wMok to oboorvod 
 toflnotU. Tho inon oooooto i k owiilfoo. 
 ond tho boor re*op«Mro hi tho dloUnoo, hut 
 little nooror, ond ot lonflk oooom on tho 
 ■ton.whorotho koltio oontohdni tho Adi 
 hod boon loft ftir tho fNirpMO of attrnoUof 
 khni oikor o ahon onoewrtov.hi wklokono 
 or tko 110010% Milonrtooivosokiiq(,tko boor 
 iikUlodondoofriodoft . . 
 
 DnrinCtUonet do tklpt or* leen In tho 
 dirtonoo nndo»MU, ond ot tho ooooliuion of 
 n eOBt, on o dntol of nool beinc holMpd 
 flhdnnnflrod, tho boot pMkoodR In the 
 third oot tho Mono oh«o|oo M Dopthid. 
 where Poll ond SoHM, the nrMtkoorto oT 
 Tom ond Diek, oro dtoovorod aittini ot 
 work, ond oxpreMhw thoir uskMO oionno 
 for tho ■ofcty of thoIr hivort, of V'kom no 
 tiding! ho«« ot yot boon rooolfod. Ihoy 
 are Toinod by thoir brathor. who prodiiOM 
 a nowapopor« oontaiBlog Infemation whioh 
 
 tarn'lo tho espolHtion hovinc now (i. t., in 
 tho oatanmdf lfinf.)reftahed iheioanxkNii- 
 ly*dtt|rB« Behring*t BtroH. Here nautioel 
 oonmtnfaMiont, and tho protpectt of tl»o 
 V^gai* FMUum eoonpy «ho«, antll their 
 ottontlMi itooned offby an Btqaimaux iMce 
 aeon Ih thb ditunoo, ond auboequently by 
 tho Baquknaux hhntelf, whore o aoenooe- 
 onra wkieh brMiht to our reool»eette« the 
 HMMt taMoroithiK event of the cxpedMoo of 
 diaaevorir whioh prcoeded the proaent. Af- 
 ter mokioi IHenda wkh him. by prcaenla 
 and a aong, tho anilon hidueo him to aeeom. 
 pony them oa boiard. In the Afth and eon- 
 eluangoat tho aeeno thiftt ogkhi to Dept- 
 fiMrdi OM vovico Miod now Anithed, Hie 
 aoihin are liiot at tho Prineoof Woloa, 
 whore keMtUy weloomod by tho hindlord 
 on4 Jokiod M tkoto awootheortt, they talk 
 over the dMMlieothlnr hove paaoed thvAogh. 
 and thygoodlhrtnnothoy hove oi^od, and 
 throat eonotadea wkk •• God aave theKtnf" 
 and three oheeN« hi whith the andieoer 
 moat hMrtily jMnad. 
 
 We riioM o6ly add, that the pieeo pro- 
 dooeil ta itt falloat extent the intereat and 
 entertahuawnt wWeh w«ro deai|nod. We 
 are alt Wkiiaaafa kow nraeh the aMpV oom- 
 piinyi porboitelod hi tbeae foeliop, hot H ia 
 not eamp perikape folly to appreoiate the per- 
 monoat improotion whieh aneh repreaonta- 
 tiona aathoaearooalookkted toCttahUthin 
 their minda. 
 
 Thefctre Royal, North Georgii^. 
 
 ON TRVRSBAY, JAKUART 6, 1830, 
 When wUl b« P«rfor«ied tht celebrated Farce of 
 BON TON; 
 om maa life amove stmbs. ' 
 
 KXN. . ' 
 Loid Mhmikhi, Contain 8 am«i, St John Trotley, Mr.PABnr 
 
 ColoMlTivT. Mr.Boao. foawnf. Mr. Onnnxaa. 
 
 Davy, Mr. Vmm, M\§um, Mr. Bv*wkam. 
 
 WOMSN. 
 
 UOr Mtawikb,Mv. Buout. MbtTitrap, Mr. Rqoaa. Gyn)(>, Mr. Bitbut^ 
 
 Sonp will bo hitrodaeed b^weon the Aett. 
 
 •nieth9notffttitdat^M/'^t0Sla,tmdth^ Cmainvmrw prwiutg at Seven t^ehak. 
 
 m 
 
I; 
 
 ■~immnmmo.> 
 
 3» 
 
 •••••• •••••••t • •••• 
 
 \ '1 
 
 T» OmBdUtftf Mf Winter Chrmtde. 
 8».— The ConniittM beg jroQ to inaert 
 the enfilOMd in iroar Paper, for «hi(A tlM7 
 
 SeatMy to tlietamdike. 
 
 , MTiiBABMADAii--->tiwQonKnilit»liwr- 
 iof m for • eooMecaUj tiia«HO»f <Nir kt- 
 ter» pubKalwd ia hM wwl^li Itppmr^tlMic ;«• 
 to MMutot you, thM tint oiMlNdifet^ v«bo- 
 tilted #mIi memlMtr AujAmf/^uit tkey fe«l 
 ■ore at tbe prqepewtoT iosiw yjaiv aentioce 
 •I the theMre, j»hieb- thej^i»W<lM tin 
 ««•«> when, yott ire infom^ ittAtvOf gfm- 
 Uemeii My tW ikey ew"! Vf IWM» lSw.U- 
 dwa' parjta propcfly irMh tboifv «^1 men- 
 tion<iuna dn^,,;TlM Ck»mnattM»,>Oir«Ter, 
 hope that thW.pf|l not premit yoaftjtm m- 
 e«|rtiRKthe,ii4«B...^ .,_, 
 fh^ deiirejm toMd, thai tir* rtont 
 
 m^^ett mnri, and white>Hne i aod tfu^t fin, 
 iMIead of lieer, at your re«ne«^ i»dltlp*-id- 
 lllHr,cd,„awMi pnwMae that yoii; tl!i« ,l»t a 
 aHp^B the ft ren e a , ai , tte wn te ^w u^-*-, 
 yi^iiMwtbe ««>anH -aaiky gvcatV'rotard the 
 fialrfiN«iaaeM,of th* pieo^. 
 I hare the honoar to boj. Madam* fif«., 
 
 1.0ST,«ilhe»hitho Pit orLo|4y oTthe 
 
 Thfatre, en Thuradqr hwt, a SMALL MG* 
 AI^ANDUM BOOK» containing aolea 
 ai|d ajtr^ttti^ OQ die now entertainment t 
 
 eiedi OB the abora Mthleettt tetteded to fbrm 
 an AppatdiX l» th» WriterV Jonmal, whieh 
 will ho ^liMwd Ob AeBotnmef the Bzpe^ 
 dkli».«^Whoeter has fianid the iame. and 
 will retam it to Ifo. 3, Unk'lane, will be 
 handmnely r«wanM nKtiieir tnmble. 
 
 AN AiMlMir^ who haa generally had fa- 
 Biai«»ehiwaetei» a ti i ii i di<o him, iadeilrova 
 of twwMq; a> IBiimiNl? en the noM 
 beeoMHttitflUdM^iMiMi, and artiealatioBt, 
 foraWMnHiofcPittlevi a|M>,oB theiamt 
 approvedmethoAoT-MtaMngthe Miionable 
 lieMkwitliDat^MMMariMt'rottnd-ihoiddafed. 
 
 AfqUleiMlteltt he oMde at THo, 9^ Ord- 
 naneo'itaaiw. .;•'■-' '•* 
 
 "ftalS to to^ife NotiK that • eanpl* of 
 mH&QM^ym iMmL whhiMhe iMtWMk, 
 hou^jpm^fikr Deal 9oar^|danient«r, who 
 . zeideaat theiBOt ofJHatobww Pamage^ and 
 thit th(T wore earrlid a^iqp nm thenee hj 
 ftMoBtioaii»t»h«WMed{ hot it waaeiqi. 
 pMfd that ffntf waMpfoivm^ more w» 
 than iMNit t»yw^iaf; aa they were thonght 
 tohethe ideatiail Galvea that had itnycd 
 booi So* l^BoiMane. 
 
 ^0NGi1»QMTi£KORTB^WE8T PASSAGE. 
 
 ytTBttTKn BT MR. WAKEfiAM. 
 
 AND SUNG BT MR. PALMAR. 
 
 ■ I- 
 WBB#a diif;Jg^ -tt t^tdD the ooe^'lTiiite wave, 
 I wai taught to aistiain eV^ tbaaijbt Ofa slave, 
 Bold freedoittloi 0priiuv,tbat Talpnr infpires, 
 . And proves Bnglaud^s tars stiU ar^. wwt^iy their sires. 
 
 '"" V, ..'■"■'■■':'", '.".yji. ''"'!: -■■ ' 
 
 As to manhtiad f j^^; toil a sa&ior beeame, 
 Ev'ry hppc«ev?i<^ wish.of ray hcarit was the same ; 
 My Satan, my j^reiMtOttt sti^nglheited the elaim, 
 I knew that Uieir bliss Jn^ost depend on .my faine' 
 
 ■'■■'■ ^^v. JIL^'.-'-^-^- 
 
 Stem war ww^pme hy> ii|d omr ant^s no men-e 
 Waved proadty trinhkiAaiit o*er Meh hostile «hbre ; 
 But I heard of^two shmihat were flttlbg to seek 
 For aew lands tetlie Nonb, where the wiiMls hollow hleak. 
 
 ■:...•, IV. ^i..:-.- v^.. -*..-..« - 
 My bosom was'firedj «nd I soon was ehrttll^ 
 In the fortunate band, for adventure so bold, 
 AVhora I now see before Oie resolved to maintain 
 That dteir ooontry shall never eall on them in vaih. 
 
39 
 
 • •••MOW* 
 
 V. 
 
 Aiid «qr if priMtlMs or (terllsihoald riM»^ 
 lUntt what would (hojr weigh in » true MniUM^ wyn 7 
 He'd leom thw IhIM ttoaglit of «lsr tunrii^ hit kMk, 
 Hit liMtd ever rttttj-^iVk heart snf r iladL 
 
 VL 
 
 IT one dwtiird lite diit!— fw-HMh oMthert Aintha 
 U theM ithiM uwv am* duhVl U^ffoP lM» iM-rMtcred M* ! 
 Then may thaw wbn Mt Aobly-HM til of yoa ««l» 
 Skft retom'd, hun of kwe uui'ti plmtiuo Uieir fl II. 
 
 VII 
 
 May tlieBbtvlwr tad Boll, Prinae <6i Walea, and eaeh poirt 
 /Where the Ucela'a and Grip«r^iaa|ia«, to reaort, 
 Aboaod witti nod liquor, with flddlea and adttg^ 
 . And iilenty of laaaea to eheer up tiko thcoof . 
 
 Far,!** JRtXer CAronfcfc. 
 
 Reflections on the morning 0/ Christmas Day^ 1819, North Georgia 
 
 RttH^fhim ^hihahiiv Baat no|lorv darta 
 Tb^^ehata the ahadowy niKhtt--bu( all ia glooaa, 
 ftiVe whew the 100011% jmitog eraaMat <^er the anowi 
 Sddia a trembling ridiMiee, fainth[ aeen 
 11t|<(;ag|i mkttobaetk.«)*-4ir spariwwtaeett «tA hi^ 
 The WMnth^ mytiada of the atara dnhae 
 
 5he» dUtUktf ^mmering, aoarM-etilighteiiiog ray a ! 
 (hind vM elMd a ateaib or pair ligiit> 
 Shocia np iti pQ|Ated jMirei--agim Imtteifed, 
 SwMparorth with attwlan atart, alidiHtving rdtattd 
 In ehiAMifiU ttetnt, aMnmea th« brislitd^ gimr 
 Of oricSt tdpit^-then k* «Kldeh ainla 
 In d^epe^ maiet^ aud at onoe expirea ! 
 
 Hete ttien we viawi in ^fiirtheni ble Immared 
 '; if idat'eeaaelcaa drifta atid long-endntii^ ice 
 > -^ . The wondier«l Hi* powV,^hoH awful voiee . 
 
 Bnaka earth into ctiatenee, and tlie «m 
 Thkt now, Britannia ! o'er tity favtMirM land 
 Ll^Ata up the day thro* winter^! elicerlcaa reign. 
 
 Hail, |aaM4hiaHral tliat tomy mind recal 
 
 HiiwondroHagoodneia. Hia, the (areat Snpnune ! 
 
 Onee waa UiysilMirn in other iplendonrdreat, 
 
 HVben 6> the ahephenl<train't aftooiah'd eyea 
 
 lleieatial glonr ahooe, and aii^l ohoira 
 
 Hymn'd the Meaaiab'a birth in aonga divine ! . 
 
 And shall not fnaa uiHilbng tlie 'WondroHa strain, 
 
 for whooifthia migUfUt, greateat Wwk waa done i* 
 
 Yes, whether bonlVing on the lu Pnle» 
 
 Or wher6 the genial raf with nuMi aad flntr'n -^ 
 
 Bededkaihe pandant boogl^, or paints the nle^ 
 
 Still let tM bf «ui of trinittph rue en hi^, 
 
 The hymn 4)f gritdU Jk7 ineesiiatriaa 
 
 T« Jeai^ name, our Saviour «pd Ofir God ! 
 
 Who laid hia glory bg^ and vrapt^ in ieah 
 
 Our naturM aharcd, elaifipt akwe from sin, 
 
 For purpoaea of Unw tin aave mankind. 
 
 To raiae ua to |i4i|dha«kal«i« of bKm 
 
 Than in primeval mnoeenee eiggyM 
 
 OnrgTMt progwiitoP~-fnulion pure, 
 
 fiteinal* fully uamcaaurable joy ! 
 
 .^ * Aurora Bortalif . 
 
Still it espMnji jnn shall roll aliiiig 
 Be tbk oar fbeme, when wintrr ikiei preehim 
 Thw tMrod in*» nmMi : rad higher Oooclita - 
 Tluii aordid pIcMarM fill Mr toDfOM vim pnili«, 
 Onrlwartowttli love. oor boMMniiiritt dottt* 
 To lira to Him wWjm kia life Air a% 
 While yet we are oil Earth t and vhea at len^ 
 The hour that fraea ih' iflspriaonU ion,! ahklt eeme. 
 Calm mar i»e view the awhi appToaah of Death 
 RK pardnj firom a world of painfol toil 
 Tbdwell Mr ever *ear Jehovahl throoe ! 
 To- whom be glorf, powV; dbroiolon, praiae, 
 Aaaribed fbr ever, aad fir evermore ! 
 
 No.X.— MONpA¥, JiLNUii^T h 1820. 
 
 r. 
 
 TtOtEdUmrtf tht WbOer Chhnide. 
 
 < 4 N^mlar JSfariawv J'VbrtA Georgia. 
 V,' aaturdafi,Jm.l,\fSfi. 
 
 SiB^It haa alwaya appeared to me, that^ 
 iKe frequent rceurrenee of the vacieoa holr- 
 dMaand festivalaordainedbjibeJDhareh, 
 hwepeDdentlyof the importaateveoitewhiah 
 tbejr are intended to eommemorata, majr 
 be eonidered at eontribatiog easentiallv to 
 the welfare and happineaa of oianland. 
 Eaehof theae may be said to eo n a tiU ite » 
 Und of era, which marin the vntgttm of 
 time hi a very deeided manner, mfoi opoo 
 the neliee of efen the n^oat j|id«iy and 
 thoiu;htieaa, the reeolleeticin that another 
 week^ of month, or year, baa paated by. 
 nndinvolvea b thia reoelleetion the awnil 
 eertafaity, that the atream of- time b floNHOf 
 fan away, and mnat speedily bo swaOowea 
 op hi die oeean of euivity. With a very 
 larce portion of mankind', the amoethneM 
 wi^ whieh time glides away resembles .the 
 travelling of an eaqr carriage t iti pmgraae 
 ^oaM be often fiirgotten^ were itnot fbreer* 
 tain oaeasiona l stoupagaa whieh reesfaid theio 
 that it haa been m motion, and C|A( it ia 
 eanying them.iiprward wkh artpld, tboogh 
 insennble pace, *• towards tbi^ boarne Tnoqi 
 wtienee no traveller retnms.** 
 
 There ia no season whieh qu^ih^ aptly 
 be eompared tooae of theae staget'ln the 
 great joomey of. life, and wMeli indoete 
 more eerioua reSOetion hi la oonsiderate min^t 
 than that at whieh we have jna| arrived. The 
 period when one year fieines, and anather 
 eommenoes, forms an epoeh in oar Ihns, 
 , whieh is perbi^mom atrangly euiiked than 
 any other. At thia aemon, too, oOr 'mindt 
 are in an espeeial manner prepared fiweof 
 rioqa eonteiuplation, by the recent eomme* 
 VioMtioQ of, one of the mestiraportante^eaita 
 that the world baa'evcr known— the biitt of 
 the Bedeenser of moukind'—an event whiah ' 
 ahodd fill oar mindB whh the moat sutopui 
 •we, and oar heai-ta with the moit liT«^ aeii* 
 IMioBi of gntiMde and demtioo. 
 
 At tUa period, It is natnral aa wdl as mqp 
 fitaUe^ to rook back on past events. When 
 we recaltomind the road wehave^ravelled, 
 and the scenes we have wi to esae d , how che* 
 querOd is the pt^D^eet wUdi memovy pre« 
 aentstponryiewl die sports of childhood, 
 ue hopes, of yoodi, the opeehig prospeela 
 of. manhood rise fat review- before as, with 
 their, aeeomnanying tnin of feari^ aniUeties^ 
 and disnnpommenu. It^aa, however, been 
 justly remnked, that " we have many daya 
 of pleamrv fiw-ow of pidn, many hoom of 
 heuth,ftivone of nekneu ;" and to a mhid 
 notlaanii|ieed,by'pnga£ee, nor distennend 
 by viee, dia re^ioq^ of life will aftrd a 
 thousand reeOlleetioas we shall fcndiT eber- 
 iihi and ten thotwsnd meieiea whieh oenand 
 oOr warmest gratitade. 
 'If'the dUvS^romnrks are feand tohoM 
 good with mankiid hi general, t» «• they 
 mast apply wMipeeoliar feree and enwfja 
 for 8a(«ly,8hr, fewhamaa ereatures have 
 pnoreeanseferserioaseenfemplation, or for 
 rineem and livdiy.thankfalaess than oar- 
 sdves ! .Let na hot look baek tor one year, 
 aud eOnti^er irhat' oar sitaation and« proa- 
 poets were. Tho'grieaier port of ua had just 
 retnfM ftdtt , a aiaiilar onterpriae, vexed 
 a«# mortified atdie iHaaeeoM whieh we had 
 met with. Oar 'owhw^,,aad those of oor 
 eountiy,dipi|^pobiied^ notHiMt appeared left 
 for H^lMit a hM^ season of nostivily, and 
 leisnre to brood over the post! 
 , HowdiflbteOtisdwpHMipeetwehavenow 
 before as ! Sefc e te d ooee more for this in* 
 tereatiiig s arfl eo p h ia a d hi a aitnatioa of 
 era«i«id h e nowfj Ciiebiah ^e sons of noble- 
 asonttaviMsoalMi^eovy, and which thoa. 
 tamb or our owt ^^Mfesskm and mik would 
 gladly fi^-^Ub flW.^fM of oar eoontry and 
 of aft Enropo flsed opoo oa-how ^!ghiy . 
 shpoM ire nOae these M««d distiaetioaef ff 
 w>e ftirdiWP wsMer tile e«tra<wiiaary aat- 
 aes»whiibhM attended oar hboora, what 
 heart is tltiMi aaaoog us that does not beat 
 hi|^ witk tnriMMloB and hope } Could it 
 htvo heea pceoiated to aa before wo left 
 
 , Hte,%iii{fjfcf, 
 
4^ 
 
 Koi^and, that we dHmU winter eomlbcttbhr 
 fti ■ Mcnre harbour of our own inilng. aev 
 the 111th degree of loiq;hade, whoi tliat te 
 afleiutomed to the navicatioa of h^ *ea|, 
 vooid not ha*e deekiNd thiatttWaiMwew 
 beyond hit moat iMgaioe expcMiitipiiaf 
 And yet it ia even av— we have aafteceded ia 
 brtaknis the apeil, wbieh nade dbe ae« of 
 Baffin a Aoy^ have advaneed near ira hun- 
 dred miles direetly towards Behring^Strait, 
 and foond a aceore port jnst when tfM «aa- 
 wn anexpeetedljr e|osed apon vm, and ob- 
 liged OS to rennqoith farther operatiooa. 
 Mor have we, in ^eeonplishing tUa mueh 
 of our enterprise, stdTered privaoM or want 
 ef any kind. We hive been abiudaatijr sop- 
 plied with all the neecssaries^aad many of 
 the jA. vgtof life— we have- most of us*en- 
 joyti: Or Vb-- bar AipahaviB been -pre- 
 aerrea jd^anderemamstaneesotfre- 
 
 2 Bent ' ivoMMe daiweri and b<Sng 
 
 imisL.^ *Aa resoorees wbieh will>^|nwble 
 us to renew the attempt with the same v%oar 
 as at first, we acma iMstiaed by Provideate 
 to decide. a great geographieal qoestim, 
 whieb, for eeatniies pasit, has beeii aa ol^eet 
 of enriodty to etetr nation b Eorope. 
 
 Perhaps no ezpeoitioa whieb En|^aad has 
 ever equippedi has been regarded with a 
 more hearty feeling of nattonal interett, 
 than those in whiehwe bare beto employed. 
 Persona of everv rank, and age^) and sex, 
 floeked to oor ship»o<>^ phiioMpher ap- 
 proved a scheme whose oi{|eet waa tiie pro- 
 motion of seienee-^tatesiaea and priflatea 
 eoadeseended to virit thoar, whose names 
 might perhapsgraee the page of fiUare bia- 
 tory— the mershant hoped UMt we mkht 
 Sod a shelter way to China*-^ patriot, 
 that we might add new lustre to <dd Ei^ 
 hnd's gibry— end to erowo al^ the Wile of 
 ■eau^ beamed upon vH from every quarter, 
 to impure us with fresh ardour hi the aeema- 
 plishment of our riMous emterprise ! The 
 remoubranee of these visits should long be 
 eherisbed in oorlaeasti: ^y were eordfad 
 and UBisouivoeal mpresdona of regard from 
 a warm-hearted and a^etiDhate aatkMi J . 
 - Weeanaot,pi#haps,expeH^ this l^- 
 aeral interest ihoald eoothrae sail ia bperat(» 
 hi the same degree aa at firat ; (br the piiblie 
 feeibtg is leidom vsaw low fixed 'to oae 
 Bohit^-but bow stroa^ would that interest 
 lie re<«xcited, eould information of oar pre- 
 set situation and proqpeeta'be at thb tine 
 con«iByed to Engtand! A now field would 
 be opened to ' IMteolatido— the northern 
 boondgry of Am«^>bliM assume • more 
 decided ebaraoter upon the maps-r^he san- 
 gube wouM be eoiiimed b tlwir cxpee- 
 tHions, and evenltfie Awt eautibaa lonitie 
 vouid be ibretd to adasit-HHit otilr the 
 great pMbabUi^ or t^ ecffMiie ofa north- 
 w«R n a s s a g st but that then ia aome ehanee 
 of iti being at lett{th actually efliwled. 
 
 But highly H it beeoBsea us to appreebte 
 the warm interest wUsh the eoyBtry at hurya 
 
 haa evineed for ihe .^Imtm of o«r 
 nriae, there ia aaotlwr feeMaf^ wklak, even 
 in a still greatmr degree, mast eonaa bone t» 
 the bosDnof overyone aaaoaf n»— 1 nicaa 
 the ansioafti^Uaitwiewhiahaaiaitaoarbeen'* 
 tertahied by ear sebtioas aad " 
 Happy sis we should mdoabteAy b 
 move so«M part of their anxiety, ny . 
 them a a w H wHed with the eomMrU of 
 preaeht litaattan; yet by a enrtab fealiaf 
 bacparal^ ISrom human nalare, aad an 
 doubt impbated ta oar breasts Ibr wise aai 
 benevbtMt.pnrptees, there '», peHMnna- 
 thbywhieh produera a aaore eaqjatsHo de- 
 gree or>^<g(iftifieation than the eertidaty of 
 our being Ae oljeets Of that very aoUeiliiide 
 to thpe.we bvet. Whatever eoatradbtion 
 thia bay at first appear to bvolve, aad what- 
 ever ygrteras u emit may atom to argue b 
 the constitutien of oar aMare, yet it would 
 be hard to call that seUUhacsib whidi baves 
 upon. the moot tender eonssieneo no fan- 
 pressbn of wrong, |nd whbh is, b filct, the 
 source afoneofdie purest and most refined 
 p lei sa rst of which wa areeapabb. 
 
 At tW seamtt of Christmas, whea it fa 
 eattslilirt Sir all dte bfiiMlmi of a bmar 
 toassamblearouadthe same sodal fireside* 
 it fa natural for th«m to thbk maeh of thoae 
 who are wantb^ to complete the tirele. 
 AH dxpeetatkm'oCour retum-thfa winter will 
 now be at an end* and a severe conflict of 
 eontendbi 
 that oor 
 
 prehencion ,, _, __ 
 
 befallen n*-Hit one moment pai^aps, ex- 
 ulting at the thooghts >of oar saeetss^ and 
 firmly nnpressinf ev*ry whh bi« for oar 
 evtentdal bMefit, tney anticipitfn with proud 
 and eager delii^t the tkae whta we dudl 
 retamto diem with credit aad hopoar, M 
 reap the rewards of our laboar»-«t aaother* 
 hnaginatbn preoenli us to their vbw,sidbr- 
 bg under privation or Aaease, and exposed 
 to alt the r^^our of thfa bhospitable climate 
 -^beawill natare brMJt fbrilh,b spite of 
 eveiy exeiti on— Ae tear of silent aoguiah 
 wBI be shed— die fimren^prayer of ploaa 
 devotiott be oflbred to Heaven for oar safMy ! 
 
 The conlideratiooe which I have now 
 nrg«d,and b which I have endeavoured tn 
 aet fbcthcome of the eireamstaaecs by whbh 
 oar siMttdiNifa dhdng«usbed,shQid4niakeua 
 cspeebli*.eiirafbl diat oar eondaet be sndi 
 aa Itt jus% the expectatbna which oar co«a> 
 ti^aiid oar fHendshave formed of nsb Tbqr 
 bava liirformed their paH bypbaiagusjn 
 Oft, pramnt statba {-4t rsinaba Sir «a la 
 prove oorseives desen^ag of that station— 
 aot, mcMly by the ardour whid^ as yeabg 
 men, we have all aatnraUy fidtat die b«i^ 
 nbgofagreat aad honenrabb enterpvbiKf 
 ilotlnF o^casionfl salfies of zeslaad eavtbii, 
 which rebpia Jato earebssnm an^Mwd- 
 vity as aMM ai the occasion jsmi ibat by a 
 
 ste#y, uqifom^ and hpiM^ , S|riaai»b of 
 dafy,aiiBiu)ibd hf eiroomabaeep^ vnuMtbi 
 
 \.,.^.« 
 
 ^j-m^ 
 
■Jt*m.mmi 
 
 ■"^'i*.+lifll4|HiiflP9"i I 
 
 43 
 
 nSMt that nor atotioii mm. in Uwlf, tMler 
 M ml difiiily or hnnoor i R h Oiriy Um me> 
 dimi thrm(h whMt oar goo^ or l»d oob- 
 doatTpill be nado tlie aior* »i i >ii p twWMt 
 it k tiM hiaie on wiiWi ow nrtorc Ihibw 
 b tbo world m«ut iaovilii&l^ 
 
 Abore •ll>-4uiMat the biuUf i^jmUto Ufil, 
 nd tho diMhorgo of oor poMb d«tl«i« lot 
 IN novor fergrt vliot we owe to Qod txfi 
 t* oor mi|kboar. Immaved 09 vo M« tp* 
 nOter for • oortain period, Md Motadcd 
 fipoallie rarof Um oiTlliwd world, It !• no 
 IflM our intoroit thvi our ivffti keep » 
 aoinUBt goord «f«r oar oondoM (Owttda 
 eaah other. Wo ahoald be pirtiotiUvljr 
 owoM torertrwi the n«taral irrittblUtr of 
 temper, to whieb ell ore mors 9ithm «ib» 
 jeet t to cheek the rimgiof peer^ihiieta and 
 ili'hamvori to fvnfn* othwi, M we oww 
 Nlves hope to be rargiven. Ltit as ever -be 
 
 readj to iNtot eaeli other in ell the kiedlj 
 oifkfe wfaieh wnoeth the ragged peth of Ufbi 
 Mid dlieerding ell thoee petry eoiaoiitiM, 
 thoie little pwaioaii, wbleh Mrre bat todh> 
 tai1> the trM<miMitjr tf weietjr, and to die- 
 mee aeiwChriitiane and aa nen, let aeeoe* 
 (BallT nirili with heart and head in the great 
 work we iwre ondertaken. 
 
 Br whatever diataaee we may be aepara* 
 ted froinsMr eduotiy and onr rrieeda ; let 
 oa remember thiA we are ever mutaallj pre- 
 ■ent with God! flQi all^eehig eye beholda 
 oe at one guutee.. hi* ami ia ever ttretehed 
 out to proteet oa— 4he merey and benefi- 
 eenee or the Almighty are eqoally extended 
 to as, whether we traverse the fmaen re- 
 gione of the nurth, or bask in the sonAine 
 of oor native ptaiina. 
 
 Yoan, &e.t 
 
 Aiociii. 
 
 JVr the Winter Ckmddt. 
 
 movoHTii oir row tbab's dat» a. d. 1820. 
 
 Tn moments of ehaaten'd delight are gone by. 
 
 When we left oor loved hemes o^r new regions to rove. 
 When the firm manly grasp, and the soft htu^ sigb, 
 
 Mai4(U 0w mhigled mMmtioni of friendship and love. 
 That season ot'ploasnM has harried away. 
 
 When throogh finsetretehing iee a safe passage we foond* 
 That led ns again to the dark soiling see. 
 
 And the signal was seen " on for Laneuteria aoandf.** 
 
 Thejcqrs that we felt when we pamM by the shore. 
 
 Where no footstep of man bad «r<ar yet been ioqiwtpt, 
 WKt»n»eiHthdkU^i»iwnmmti»hhMfbktar^ 
 
 Fnll awiftiy fthey i!sd-<-wid ttaf hoor loo Is wm . . 
 
 When w« fl^NI the IR«iw»P "MiV^d M a boand§, 
 To 'Qtitle oor «rewa to their ebnntiy'a first boon, 
 
 iF!laUVI by all faan omen the paasagsf wu fomd. 
 
 And past with our pleaaarea^ are momenta of pain t 
 
 Of anxioaa aospense, and of eager ahwm— 
 EQvironMbyiee,skillandardaorwerevafai ' 
 
 The swift movW man of its foroe to disarm ; 
 Tbo' daish'd on the beaeb, and oor boats torn away^ 
 
 Ko aoehora JsoQld hoM oa, nor cable aeeore i 
 The dread and the periiexpfawd with the day, 
 
 Wbfo none but hv> HeaVeii eonid onr ssfti^ ensnre. 
 
 Involved with die aget existent befoiw 
 
 Is die year that has breujht as thns far on oar wmr, 
 AndgriHtode oalls ns, onr ChmI to adote 
 
 Fat the oft-renewM mereies its annals disptay \ 
 
 « Onr riiipaiMra the first that saeeeeded in eflfaetiDg a passage to the westward, Uuwigh 
 tm iee whiefa Oeeopiea the middle of Baffin'^ Bay in the eariy part of the aemmer. 
 
 tTnl«gnphie signal tnade by the Heela, after breaking through tiie firat barrier of iOQ. 
 M jytTirr I naSF '*** ***''*'*^>'y ^<*f **heh we itoled over the s|)ot asB%nedtoCR(lttB> 
 
 ^ The merkMu of 110* west, wblehehtitled OS to the first reward of fiOOOL 
 
# 
 
 
 
 
 I riw. 
 
 _ , - - J ^-,, . to (^Wtember Ua elo*s, 
 ^ Or in i^^ll^tf (^ tiiiMim ouf rnMtln|te;:i 
 YetliMii npiiii lA^ i^i^ thaiour velillkliii.. . 
 Till PiMie^ i^i<le oeipim urdiind q* wn view i 
 Bright mp« mW expt^d •»*>$ t'ollow obi^MMirfp^ 
 ^nattie (HinMrp «el|M»eiJbitit uur wonfe ^neir. <> 
 The ft4en4i ^ Wlvt UH, •! lliii aetata <i^ MMlt 
 »i |>o llwir bo^op (Mr pmuHtre or imkMk mMmf 
 Ho (bcf (iktrnm fkt MR in tbete nmt it'ika ewth. 
 Or «heim'd iqtthc •nrgm tbat whitcpi (b« auila f 
 
 Nolon|9r,tbvi«»i»*9i<^«)(Ri)«t<><><''<P<<*W'll> ^ 
 ^ No Majiutthvf ioirft «v*nr eluin»artl» 6r«Me i 
 i^the thoasht ofdeipair fomi •Ifmim will inwciit 
 
 AM eonfldMt reit qo Alnilithtj d<i«rMi! 
 WtOi A«iii ^e btit i«*f« rtii t>roadiM|» (t^ 
 
 An^link fbtwtrd titb >jjr to th« day* yet to WMM i 
 WiMiii, im^ hiMMiot«ritMttiM|^ warn tMri rtiiilt uMvat 
 
 J|e Iwtittidto |m, MMf .^Mr(ion 4MU> ini^ ! 
 Tni th* ihomdrOld Albion onoe Mni« w* re|iili> 
 On«e nibro to enjogr eyerjr bli« «CJ btive kninrn. 
 
 No. S:t.-rlilONBAt, JfAHtJABX 10> l6«0. 
 
 Sii-Mlheltiered andorthtt lodolmt \^ 
 if biiblU^, I b«v« never tdceh My (ith«)p 
 
 Sriinoiirtheatrieet amawmenti than ttaM 
 • apeMetDr} I bite, however, bee6' n 
 eObtUnt fettebdant, aiu) vitMaatef tte a^ge* 
 uttoaa't^brta made by iieb,aiiaa(eoi-, I hpiM 
 fett no small deeree of eewsra at tbejbaa 
 ef time, atid the iminebpMr of tNit^e, 
 irhieh tbeae exeHiOM deMMOat the CM 
 wbiob ik neemarily oee«t{rted H aip^riMigt 
 jle», and MMietiiihee loiMf paH»i aad the 
 ^rouble' ikad exp^ntOr (UT t nay be wittwed 
 i> apply the word to the taeriMe tit-'ikk^- 
 enrtalna, and varieuie«hep«ptielee«) of p*»> 
 paring Dear drewea oa <v«t i »«a| M i n ,' ewwt' 
 be a veiy aerioai ttx, par^ientarijf to thoee 
 gentlemen who have omf '"ttd more plMt- 
 ing poraoito to OMUpy ]iNJteiMtes.ll^bii« dili 
 aeason of jnaetivity air<w^' 
 
 Moreover, it iawellltiiotD h0wv«ryli» 
 mitedthe tbeatrioal librarjr 1% «M, Judiffaiji 
 from the repreientatlbn owtlttiindtf ivtt- 
 ing, I am ioelined to tW^ tblimdt ktoek 
 oTitieeea that etlMfilited -littmiMi^ Mltit to 
 the audienoe; biaibaca «xb«i|to)t« V 
 
 The fMri elKeta prdduMd' bgr tlw pim 
 are toe obirioua tiTbe, q[lMMhiMill| «mt 
 ahoutd be Oie lint to Ibment t^keir ^^Monti* 
 Buaqee, ontil our iebeon |t«tw|i4ieh«e^ bat 
 QMiakleriiig the very great airiawmerilaiidl 
 
 gratUeation wldrii (he men hm iftlri^di 
 ima dM fueiu^ repreaetatttiaoa, wfajr, let 
 me 1^, eBiiht nelaeiiM of neta be tepeil* 
 edi JPe* W it mm m to iniNtU the alichi- 
 c«t blime^iaiei^ to the iimft^ «r aamtoi^ 
 tee, who are eafftled« (efepeeiilfy the Dkallii' 
 ger,) to oar bcrit and Wiiteeet thankattr tM 
 pefaia whieb iltM tiave Mlett; hot ie It n^ 
 powiUe that in tMrptat for'the pdhlie weD^ 
 fiire. they may ovtinlalb the beet toeiato el 
 aeeompliiih^ the ol|«et1h tieW ? 
 . lf,the|e.iidto ii, j» I believe, the aMtii 
 mentef tbi meii, nirely the meat deetmri 
 ii^ of obtaii^K thia, woiuM be to repeit 
 tl«pe |»ieeea froiii whieh thejr bate alrea 
 dariftd ^ grei^it Ihare ( why not 
 aBMa t%[) imt^g Ihree irith whieh 
 theatilfr to abeeciiMtuHy opened f Whf i 
 tmiaek Midn enjoy tM humoora of Jen^ 
 Sbeal^ Vttt,;^ abov* nil, vihy ia not tPie 
 JtMkJh)HlNm^te9KSi^i Thiipieee, 
 »bi*b eoat ao mneb in pccparation, vaa got 
 im w aa e eeM ft ii^r aatf whieh not oaly gae* 
 the moat eeatade delif^ to the m«q dari^ 
 repreaeHtatioii, bat aihided them ici the ni>^ 
 eoReetioaaAuderimittoniMMevein to tWa 
 
 a^'l^ieiSf^ filled r tt«£^,j£ 
 lean oversight that only aee^ t« be petotlA 
 oot to be remedied. Pemrit aw thML 
 tteeii^ the meiiiam of your vahiable aou 
 loaMU^ tetmbrtheae reoMta tti(lbe««||pu 
 
 IP 
 
K 
 
 
 
 \. 
 
 itHtfee, which nMhingbnt ■ itraof wirvie* 
 tion of their triMh would hktte 4i«Uited t aiid 
 at the mme lime to mtkt the b4it apoioff 
 I can to ynar rvMlcra, bj aiiuringithen.lbkt 
 th« leoaral good or onr •ommiu^y hn 
 been roy flrM and only parpeaa is t6lii'l>0fll> 
 ittnaation. 
 
 I am, Mr. Editor, Ice. Im. Ico. 
 
 To tite JBtStor of the WtiOtr Cftrosicb. 
 
 Sir— Underatandfatg that H b i* tfM < 
 templation of teveral gentlemen to istiUbliah 
 a new weekly paper, Tor ttw purpop of iS- 
 fording greater Mope to the csttbcrancte of 
 penitta, wbieh I am mrcft from joar v^lir 
 known liberality of senlimekity irill meet 
 with your must eordifti nipport, lim jtm- 
 boldened, humble a« my pfttetotMla nrr, 
 toMilicitthe publie patronage, Md«rer.my« 
 self aa the Editor. 
 
 To diieharge the duties of this olBee M- 
 tiifaetorily, it is not requisite tkat I shoi|ld 
 poMcss an extraordinary degreewintene«iti 
 fbr, unlike editors in general, whO have to 
 insert their own luouibnttions to fill' A vaoatft 
 page, I am doubly assured by the verjr IM» 
 opinion I entertain of the talents of its in- 
 tended supporters, and by their own |epeat-, 
 ed proTewions of strenuously exerthg theoi, 
 that the only Jdij|«ulty in my wqr wHI be 
 the seleetion Of sueh itrbkea of satire, Or 
 flashes of wit, as rofey best fteeOrd with the 
 Uwt«9f>tb«p9meiit 
 
 I ani pdsHiTe thitt n^MA| flat, low^ 4r hi- 
 dpid.' will ever be f&OliliA on nyflM-^ fk^ 
 tSucKes Ujm the liibthnttf ol mmx a 
 i^lf moi^ , ealy and eWi^nt tb«i^ Addison i 
 ixg^m more splendtd find vertaiHe tbikta 
 Blskspeire's %iy bwisl^b' be met with ) 
 biit nopaoeity of |Wt<eri«li, OM^wBt tt lie Of 
 llfieet:.! to piir^]^te %^Wer«arflinkeof 
 m Ibtfepe^ont ,«fl^ W^Ij-gtiW , 
 whoie chosen 's»i-v»ni J am «it^i|iiiitol>e-- 
 
 ' jPiMnk 1 eeo evtomaitd ^very requisite for 
 Ifndirediate piil^IiBiaitoi pens tad ink I hoTe 
 ^b' otjieetion to fUrnMi, and paper for the 
 earW nambers, pr^vidid tibef do not nmui'' 
 ni&^^thi^ K sb^is e&h. 000 ' .... 
 0Mk (<KK fmtvn'lliiy^t Imp' /ii%fl 
 
 vHh, mdaieeomlisiaitrahiiac. Thellb*' 
 ralhy of stHMMf^lis* fbraislied me wkh an 
 OrtipMr miiaeheoo, ^ one of the heMIs of 
 trhlch I ihiend liavtag a sHt Mt lOr the re- 
 ««{Mkm (if ^MiiMbbtiM*. ' ThoM pardeutars 
 ar« eniaWeniled to d«fli6nstme the very 
 ireit htMMt I liikei« tko tense, and I hope 
 Hii! rMsOnI «ld^ live btfen addueed will 
 be deoMed HflleiiBlira fRove, that an edhor 
 for a work wlMi broiiilM to eataUiah an 
 era in the annate of literatare mav be found 
 in one powessiiw onhr the fiMble judgment, 
 contriMUid mmG aiid (dronmseribed faiveD> 
 
 tioo'of, • '■- ■' 
 
 9w, yonr uSm obedent Servant, 
 
 Miinr Habmlhs. 
 
 9b th» EtKUr tfttuWbaer Chronicle. 
 
 > Mb, BniKiB.— Will, iuiy of yqar oorre»- 
 pondenia iisa^a rdiniL WiiMard a eobjee- 
 tiire, why the n«sll«i^i6l the wihd should 
 be aoMompaniM by i eonsiderable risotn 
 th;^ t«iinP«r(rthf«9f;tlfe airt whieh we have 
 fbOiid, T b^(i««e, Jnvariablv Ae ease, from 
 whatever direetini the wfairf blows. 
 I irtn Sir, lie. iK^tce., 
 
 A (kiiHnJLn RiADBa. 
 
 THXATBICAL BSIORT. 
 
 On Tharsday evening the oflhers of the 
 Expedition performed the fkree of Sm Tm, 
 or' Mfh ij^ abviH Stain. It happened 
 unfortunately that the weather, whien pro- 
 mised folrln die mombig beeame ineiement 
 m the afternoon, and eontiooM so lAueh so 
 during the performanee, as materially to in- 
 eoaTenkVMi tbe jierformers^ and to leisen 
 the gretifleatlqli wUdi tl^e andlenee wottM 
 otherwise hevwieeeehred from their exertl^nk 
 We are lnfomie«|l iriMst the therttoroete^ 
 way m^.twelve dqpeea below sero'on the 
 8tMp,adls|['"etf«oMiu suited to the dressei 
 of Uie foir sex eapeeia)ly. 
 
 . Whilst on the jsobject of bo^ theatrical eo' 
 tertiifaiiment% we beg leave to retnrn onr 
 thttikstothe eontributor of the first artieli^ 
 
 f the present number. We arto persufdcd 
 at mioyofoor readers will join w/tth ta^iiif^ 
 M^ hope that iu snijeet will not be deeoM 
 bdiWBth the oootiideratioh of the oommittee. 
 of sU^-nMUMgemcnt. 
 
 
 Tlieatre Ed|ral, iN^orth Geoiglft. 
 
 _, Colonpl Fetal vefl, ' Mr. PabHt. 
 
 *_w Freemim,, fci»T*Mr SAiyK Sir TMlia M^Miove, Mr. Gsu.mii 
 
 2^ , Obadiah/rlm, MK WakMux. Tradeiovi*, J«r. Howskii. 
 
 ijP^ Per(y}^i<e,Mr.Ni»a. Saakbot, Iftr. BttNiirAir. 
 
 /^imon Pui% Mir. 0stSR£«f . Anibittldab, 
 
 '"'^t^. PrAifv Mr. Hoo#Ki^ ArniLmlf, Mr. Ross. 
 
 « ■ ■■■■ 8(^6SaanHM( will be interspersed. 
 
 ^^oOratb he opetaed at Half past Six, and the F*fert'ornittnfl^ (o commence at Seven o'elock' 
 
 t- 
 
 
 IIt.Baiis. 
 
 li 
 
 U-{ 
 

 T(MI>9 fht «|iMMta|rt ««»»« and Mw pum «t Ui6 -^ 
 Hmwltt ITI-g ti fB awa fitnlieaFyiowtiteyw 
 • /iit mf w*^ ^ ^4 tiall ho&f aPvMr IMe, 
 
 ■•'^1 
 
 M aMMf «i»MinM«-v« /refer airman jar a rrtj 
 4lf tMVWpai<>t«d it next WedMI^/ «rMk, 
 SlMNli(ltiMtb««W«ott for th* Aoton toi|lcidC. 
 
 Tbe Comrnittee. 0. XHm t1ie«tr« rajiiiMt die Editor ^ill give pul>lle!i> to their iIiM*ov«l 
 of iliy iMi«tfei|liti«^li»iMp#iili-'4ri*i)^ Latter, vhioh m/t^vX io th* Otb Number oTtiie 
 
 ,4- • 
 
 \MUr (^ratdde. 
 
 Tlwfollo«ta(^«9iliinifMlMti<« readied iia 
 on Fridmr f^i hit jdat fa time to aave tha 
 pftaa. On iMMnuptt, wo fNNroalitM that the 
 yi^milf- ia'MiAnM^liOdar ».,griai!inoe«"«rhioh 
 •oliir ■■ wo imatniland-liiaa, anakea hin>r« 
 gWt for thoimaaci^HttO InMiiion ofhialetter. 
 Wo ha'e.,th«Nfb(^, hoet^ Mdaced to wan* 
 t^ Mnii(krMio«#N«li 4| ia oiir ooaiiaei|» to 
 gnre to tin artioifatw^ w^rii wo iii Oinr 
 eolunini,and haireaQbniita^UaloUar,with' 
 oat deby, to^or, raadora. 1 1 
 
 Tt A» EdUrn- ^ Urn WtMerChmkh. 
 
 I am rather aoiipriaad, Mr. Bd^oiviloee 
 I believe the origiaM inti^ntioa oC^tho Winm 
 Chrmdek waa ox^eodiMrfy^ftroigii 10 w|iat 
 appAura, 1^ dcsroeai (o oaiia oii^ fato it. 
 and whiah ia fir on tlie eliniai to,:.deoi(le4 
 p^raonaytfi t aiean the Murlima attaaka 
 mafie oo Uw a^veral aglfaborMif. our oomr 
 
 BPfriiy. Jiiiio, M^. 
 
 . . . ... , . .. ia?*.iwno fa' 
 
 wUah « paiir oTaplfoa vor^ 4aoltte4 toftave 
 atnjred troa their «w«er^i^N<fc |,BdH<laoe, 
 next door to the Oh^HmNpa. Nmf, aa I am 
 eooidootjoii are ft aiMUi:who.T«tM8 a k- 
 apaai^la M|Kiiatfaa« ia,09 faBiiitelf hMker 
 dofreet^^ ttMp th» aidv|ii^M#» tferiiiM worn 
 ypttr wMiqriiWpihaivJiqo^^ Pjr dntf 
 triirani!faa' I00ti:m-pfi$m-^fii^'-^ 
 tiaao, I mkMiSMbaaiiltflil^ ajpan putjof 
 ^ Uttlo aoaiig^irito aai#HMto t» \(»M*mf 
 (Mlteaoe » lot I iMApfltaad, and thatiftikn 
 dio moat roaMtabte^aHiM^ laid 
 
 IMiraoo lifaui4hidt(t^,wbatt;»<ippMebe 
 wMdd eall reviah^ bii1|nnotiif(heijieeo«BUB t 
 ht«a «f the matter, ahaolote^altorinf and 
 ra^^oiodd^K it,aMrdfaf tofijhowBftovj. 
 Siiioa llii ia tno eaaa>^ <» tnvtidx led to 
 iaiagliMiM tM iadvettiwm^ iflftdod to 
 wartttaiMied for a aMKhbonrfiC miao^re- 
 lidiaK in Ordnofieaiioqaare, n«itl , door 
 Apotneeariiea'Iiallf^whoae «^pAr I know, 
 strnred aomo tlntaofB, and Inear hivf now 
 entirely ttlkhinpt Mtmlfae, Mr. SaJnr : on 
 th«i abnbwiw, mfao, indoed, atia Ai th^^nto 
 :a aa exea«|Hni||jr forwiinf MMO. laih «»- 
 tnrally fond of the piaMi^aeVaM<Pierefore 
 have them fa front of^^lny itramiaaa. ^ 1 take 
 ^ttnah delight fa thita aa t do in my very 
 
 aeir, and ahall tor ever fiave them before me* 
 ThiJH Mr. Elditor^ ia not the whofa 
 coiablainL I waa the ' utiiet' d^ ad 
 intaftcd IA my faee ! ! Aa 1 «aik 
 mjc table, a&dying fa uppi 
 Rhoakl pop fa. bat one <if yout> devfii : tbo' Mt- 
 nudent follow , j<fgnnUet| oC nv agp and iii- 
 nratitie^ epmipelMed hi* Inauinationa, and 
 bydepceatoid me I wet the identiaal litrla 
 roan aihlM to fa|«ttriaiitta. I;ba«e« Mr. 
 lMitdr«''iiati»|liifMlrit.;ft<^ It»'..«riwii0iee- 
 ment, nml^ ai roytorideitte iO ItiiiiA miie(i« 
 exeommOttioateaLmo from iMMiiety, nopart ot 
 it Ml|((i.«xfliie my atrieteat aerutiny. Bat 
 lanaii proeeed with my grievance, he ex- 
 p|ainM|o,n!k«k^^IaaM>eliN«, that ••Iwaa 
 tholnlAo t^^^ilMied^td havoHaen Trom the 
 band-box, and that I alia^one day or tha 
 other, voald bo wliiaet to a hen>pc«kiof." 
 — It wo«d4Jbave hfiea aa well for, Om wmb- 
 bler fajdhe luriM iUipart oTNa aft«^ wMl 
 iokataad'''^ lixre | Have hh»^ Iwre fif* 
 tm expreaaod m fateotfan ovwp faM^f 
 aod aupooae t ahooMr T wall-ri|ni'aaifv 
 thif opteioai of alU4lniicfmiiM», who wmkiiid 
 enOttgb to ayjiopathlae and eondtda irith me^ 
 ooa limilar oeaaaiiolir and ha he ia ft matt 
 who baa lived lonifcr, aiid I am aora, khOw'a 
 more or iSn woHd tM^ lHaL I adhaider hia 
 fiivt^mt^aathority. |ie|ald~<'>t'hatritae 
 men w«r« nanally walWtd Wit|k cxtraiMNU«»- 
 f^taNnte^-tfiat they were ao polite^ aa kindf, 
 aoei^ry^thiiw a lady ao^hrwlsh: ind lhc«a» 
 fors, I a^ aj^oat eOoil^i)n€:tbey are aaltfeift 
 to ie««rp#(rtaiy thaA #raMitHar a eonway 
 deaarfptliiiii^ Aad am^Kaaa the ediialtmlOtt 
 hero #awtt to be porfoit, I may refy« Mr. 
 Ediiar,; o» IMfag a aaolt iptiiit and peaoair 
 bifr'llfo, wel« I to venfare to-morrow to ^ 
 BBft^inMaial ahrfae* T*fU0ng foa'iriil Jie 
 convinaodorthlft petfoaiSatiaii wtho dne ea% 
 aad faaoyida|tf6a,Jf aot altogethor, ooii^ 
 Oi«ng wHB iqr hyfkameateiothoathit-, wMih 
 appeara to me to be tolonddy^^wall feandody I 
 eooclBdo, tniatisf yba #iltliili|talra, for't^ 
 aake of your rapMmdit; exaOifao yoi^r paflw 
 immediatoiypravloM to ita jmMimloo Hi 
 l^abll^ that aaoh altlMionia whMf yeariirii» 
 tiara may^hava' tnkett tipon tnemtto mtf^, 
 moy, by your timely famtioy^ jn»ailM> tlti^ 
 
 ■I' 
 
 .„^,^g-«(t.v_^y,^ 
 
 
m 
 
 » 
 
 riMligr. Ml* ttwretar mm imvvbnMil- 
 i« irain ImiMmtini drliiiniiiMn, vkkii vtti 
 •witit it, II ihi*, mv pitwrlptioo, b« QM en- 
 fbrMd. I uin, Mr. Editor, 
 
 Vou. Rincfru w^ll*tMlier, V.D. 
 P.8. You will iiardon th* aiwaliingjtolr, 
 Mr. Edhor, bi whieh Iput (likMyoHr ImmmI, 
 DOtMngFriilaT ni|lt(( ud MrQi^ «» iMt 
 nomtai urovoked,! immI thh nmiili m it it. 
 In order if odv mm rwtoiiw to No. 1, BcU- 
 Ih)«, Im iDtCDOcd (br loMrtioo in your nest 
 number, yoa may havo m opMrUinityQr 
 froventing k. 
 
 ▲DVERTISfejllENTB, &c. 
 
 ▲ amr wamu.t VAtiBl 
 
 On Satarder, ike Snt Dar tt April, 1180, 
 imi bejioMMitfil tb« 4m Vartibor oTa ne« 
 W«*fkly Ptorr«tobt«aned, , 
 
 THIS iroir-ci))rriii||!!rr0i^'8 PoaTi 
 
 or, 
 
 QiffoaiTnii t^MfM, 
 
 ■ A* tM Mp» oTtKlaMMr if Mloljr loiet 
 
 the editor, wUl mtMtt Ufi^lf reffMuilyp 
 that no artkl«i whatever dMlIhe oniU||d« 
 wkiali to kie knowMge eoaitaina an attMK 
 upn anyMto Ju m «C iIm cbninialere. re> 
 Mrvuif i» klmo»ir»kQv««fr, tke d'aarvtlon* 
 aor p«w«v «r aMioi 10 «« fU^ring, any eon- 
 tributiooa^w^rik MtpapiMmrtohim toadmit 
 of aoMiMtolad mm* «r on any other ibni- 
 lar aeeoant, utf of citkor bridly aeelpUiiff 
 hia r««Mn% or otlieririM,JW he may. Ikini 
 proper. . . , 
 
 OrtgtiuU «m»triba|ioi!l on tk* mt^Mt* ^m- 
 •ittent wir*. van ptKi«r the p^r, will be m- 
 Mptal>!«. The Editor begi it, however, to 
 b** diitinetly onderatood, inat he ia wholly 
 independent of the gRiitlemea of the Expe- 
 dition 1^ i^ wppo(t,*h9'iM»^Joi(lin,^ 
 his own^afiA'ui, a ai#oiM^ •W** ol t||M Of* 
 Mwary in« *i«itt *»jmm of^ *^ BW" 
 Po^oCh ^\ C%r»«a l o y i mi W i ' 
 
 dwte attf nti99. on keiot •%««# ^M> 
 Editor at the 0.|*. libraqr, Floet-auirM, 
 «h«re oMu beobta^ed al^.|he ftm^gm^ 
 pampblett of thik diigi' 
 
 .%8utibfiWfiS#«ed. 
 Book>binding jn «U its braoebet. 
 
 % 
 
 Nq. Xir.-U,||flllllAT, J[ANU4ltT 17a isao. 
 
 ''ft** ( ■ ■' i 
 
 .IP» #>f V vwnifwiiji, Mtaiwur lioving 
 1| fA Ve^nesdigr tatt, tl»n gr«at«Nt 
 rnntiml MM»veirk4««roaoHed% 
 . Bv«. infil^ d^ omaidiitoMiiiMteiroet 
 . , ■iJo«l¥.WMf ^onremiDdcntti ftr, 
 lepfna«9|l]r of Mf boln|«»>oto(«stbig fa«« 
 If «Wh!4o«y ofwvoyagf, jjMomstoAaw 
 Mrrroll Uw metiA pnvpOM ok cetieving us 
 from that djill mowMO^v,, ^Uk wWoli, Ibr 
 •0^0 w«w>«H, «*ie <% Ipa auaeeeded 
 V^m^ , Kor WW Riiji Ikieg be qtfire «at*t 
 nt,and iroay.J^N^.adid, movoiri^vor. 
 flijr,^ than.^o eaganma with wlpi.U kH 
 oe«n deb^t«4 <H «I>p labi««« whether the 
 ther(nfi)miH«r stoetli at 10 l'8,ar «iQ4-4 thot 
 ' f bilker ye b^at th« reat ertke wqirlii bjr 
 JO orblikive «partenora,ita«Me<l,J 
 Ife even kaa^ it aMeirte4 bar OMvfe»tW 
 »apn, who s«ein» fle^rrolnrir to.hand <Mir 
 tWpes (town t« pwtMily ^itk «U iihe honiNur 
 
 * JPiftj dfgraet fwiV bii^ bolowJoROi 
 Ihia, h^wevvr, ia not lAw gmiteft degreo of 
 
 fiiu,:)! ^Id on iiveord l t-iI? m.mM to havo 
 . (Ai|vi.'«ed by Mr- JV""* Eti*W»i W Vjr- 
 tegu iM.'.Sw iiuMiHii domioioRS, on the Stl| 
 tf ifHnmM!/ l780.rrCn. 
 
 vhiiik ostr«nieJmt^«ii,«eoJer» UwI^Im 
 tberpmotop aatoim^ tmni faii^, - umI w jMbr 
 M|«inB|(itibg,or wineiw^ »a f3Fe« M 
 
 ytm rendwPl «Miwi|Md wJUi th*«i|Ml(^>«( 
 SMO lery oa<4iaJk IMni mJnntooMrvitiiana 
 Wioi by myeeifosi tihoaMviiiwothornioH^- 
 t^ra 0^ onjhit i»f(»«^ dnys ^Hf^r ^"oi» 
 amde witK(Mi«itf PoHiiod^oigbtfoat aflhfl9> 
 maiio t«leai«pea> «fi#i«)M#aiii^if«4»v«ak 
 y«m n mt«*omeier««Mle^ apuiietil'to it b«r 
 rnvselfifiaviMar IngeiiJMa manner, h^ whki 
 I found tbermmeitf. No. t to iotimttte-rr 
 SP*.«t{S, mmB>. A -A Stt^.S45. Ttw mean 
 qfthoM, «fs;, S(MI,?30a»ay, I think, ha Idr^ 
 ■tateti aa the. aMnal dogreeloC oolidhto be re? 
 gistered. I Hurt, iMr, that the Man with 
 whioh thoM obeiH#a|iien« wece oqMwMmI, 
 (Ite, exueUeui of tkia iiMtraittetua eVipltqEwb 
 at»d my w«ilck«(Wbn akiH in thoM maitwft 
 will be aufllioient 10 Ml Uu«fifi<Vi intoreeling 
 iM4,importiliil,<|ue«iiim a\ve«t fot- ever; apd 
 that your rea^onjuil bf,aatii|ed thai they 
 have ai yet .mitifliifeci'ed iiifi:ntX>o€ dw ha- 
 b»iakl# gMw «RiX.bif 730 thMMiodtk ftm. «f 
 a «ingle degren of Pabrenbeit'a lOale. 
 lam, Mr. C^litoi*, • 
 Toor modest, bumble Sirrvan^ 
 
 Sitaav-fiaT'iuoHT. 
 
 I» 
 
:.,-t::-^K'Wiyfi.'f- 
 
 ■ 9. a. Mm tlwh w i i M|«M m hi up iJm*«Bmmiifid 
 
 ||p» «»«««■ w aigr n lh y i mWrn iiiiM!M«w.Mii 
 
 vunHmwrn^ (iT' MwiM^MM»fHr tW 
 kfMt of o«r mmw i mi iiMitkipHpiii. 
 
 p«rt« nwirlj. 1 •amiot rafiMr np»K Ui« 
 Oil wrar l» wlilith^ ait#iKi||pf «U i« ow 
 
 Before ve give DublieiQ ttitfif iuktewMal 
 iBtte^, AMMkMwd Iqi J* MtiMb nWilrire 
 iMartwl in «ir iMt MiMikw hwwiis tte liv* 
 •iMiM tf JI. Q4, iWK b«f w i«(lb« nfew re^ 
 
 MMWkttC w'OMIlkllVMhlltofMlff'fWrMpWIo 
 
 dent»aMl«f M#>#mden, tmt MfifeiaMjR of 
 
 (hrftMMF. ^: ' 
 
 Fnm the temnaeiMement df our ^ m ii n 
 
 gnqnd •• «hi«k «• wiNwIiaiii^lveiMht 
 
 ■•Ml atMoMi ,lli«ietii» ImI^ Wt 
 
 vera iBd«fMkl» li»«««M>^ «• take npm oi«r« 
 Mkw Ikw MtpoiaiUlilf, iM|Miring « nor* 
 tlMa drdinaty Mation, by the foUoiiNn»e«iiii*- 
 iMwuicM t f >«, tht diflfHMx ultft^ ew 
 Comepoadentt reprsMnted, of finding <»l|ef 
 ■ilmttt iHmriiidMi tt Mia) aoww j tm m , 
 vitt «hii4i to fill, «w eMMi»t^mfe«MiMi, 
 Amm Mir ex!«««ifr«e« el 'Qpi'owe muiMi*^ 
 ontji tfiaiMlain»4 «Ktlw ape side, tol|CM 
 McjMlf wMiia Ike l^dinda of pbyful an4 
 lMr«ki«»ini|iln^ 9ta'0dk$>-mhti^WO9(li- 
 ImoMob «ini *M«|i>i* waa <aet MilM oibelt 
 
 viMi «iii Madeira t«wi«i«riw«l tlMM)«Mi<< 
 mwniaatlMWt eidt ImI^ norltpa^ fi«ni 
 %#ur<1laf|'' WK'HeA'-ttiit #« (pMMrMifi4« 
 pvriod tJ» dient, «lten«ver th^ sUaalA m* 
 pMNwh»«lMk Unite ttb^ Itatf iMin^liiih^ 
 Kapceted.'. 1Mp«W» lii» rl w Nfe ' vitimut 
 ■ hOH. tk^ip <|««im9ii oftinie, mil aob- 
 »wtt waoM|^etti«aetottdieri^tabi«in- 
 liPiiiMc merit, and wMlil m veH iM enter- 
 taining. This eomridentiM aqpttint^ the 
 gntiffeation wMi vliiqi|««^«|«ilked m «- 
 eeUeot letter mil W> forn il ml g Ajiter pert of 
 oor tenth Nnmben and we are happf ifl 
 believing, that were tK» letter viewed in no 
 other lighi m^ aatafc > a i pe iiB > e>fe W^me- 
 ¥Mbxm fivaaifm oi'WW, iiM •ircfil.t^' 
 
 Qpeiiie 
 him our 
 
 the readwaofUie lf%i«rr 
 
 jqtt valoift the rcfolt vaa noit hlMif « 
 
 tiKketorv Mail tn^mMjijjitm. ':'••■' ■• - *'X ■'"• 
 
 We ahoiiid lM«e prefis^ twiUti4^^\» 
 ordimry parn^ of thiklshWMe hi 4ieSliii- 
 jeeu ehiiMi^liljr tttfr W&lbami ^ItMlli 
 eHdeavoariiigib baateii itby liif reihitkief 
 our own, had we nbt been OMittrained to 
 the preietit notice hy the letter of K. C. 
 
 » wm »*nK§ in 
 «r Miadviae, fir whi4l we retnra 
 onr MkiMtwIodMienia, bn| beMoaahe 
 liaa hinnelf indalge^ e««i teycxd hie pre- 
 deecMwi, in the pa aetla e whiah It waa hit 
 ei w w l a l tdjwtlp a wit iew iw agatnat 
 
 We have mralled oorael vca of the oeeathM , 
 to eipreai time mtteh of eor aentimenta, per- 
 anaded thaft aal>aom>apoodent« wUI ever rt- 
 melbhiN" ink oaraelvea, that It ia of fcr 
 mora impertimee to aveid giving pain, than 
 toaiiniia9i wi4tlMaeir-<tov« wiUrreituaMfj 
 poiiit «ah«lk» wphiadaaigned to be, mA 
 
 Tt th« BdUm^ff Urn WlmtHf ffkrmklt. 
 
 ,_ . have tmr-^^^ 
 
 eheerfbhieaa a« a dotf we owe tftaoaiety t 
 and repanMof venr panera aa • aMana «C 
 promaing Moft hnmdir aaMfog oa, 1 hwro 
 alway a fwR iNapaaed tA reeeive.eDte»Uinm«nt 
 flMa the HvelW-ttllivs of wit wUth have on. 
 «f«NHMf flM itve«lum«ii,witwithataading 
 
 th<y<|yiM M i w iia lhuM a p a w iiibaiUhat «• eli- 
 
 cwnnhdMrdl^ Md*lDwan|» whieb he eevtaipii. 
 If atniBiieea aoMe hw 8tq« beyood any of hia 
 
 NorihoaW I now, Mr.Kditefr, feel am 
 diawMM«p» b»4NMi]M*.«f lh|» HheHy tahan 
 wi^ Hljr itavaen, hai> y«ae Qorreapondant : 
 oh(th«di;the waMs wbieh he hal thought 
 pMiperiQr piit1nu» my no«ifc, in good hooeal 
 6«gliM» d««mi bat,l»be% an MoMlay qMrn*- 
 inf hnt, -1 leirA ireail fhmi ywor eolMana, » 
 leilenM»povtiimi« e«n»A«pn m reaii* 
 deMe^l^<fcl|.«ll4i^, lows that 1 felt a 
 atrong Mahhe tA deteet th& aaihoe. Aflep 
 the hatehety that Jwd been eoaaMiittai^ 1 bad 
 aohMeaof aeftef the aiMmd Mfvet, bat I 
 thBtttjNM TWM lMa l yiiBaaiiM Kmb i^ight be 
 deteatid; and on looking minutely around 
 the table« I am mr? f e^ied a nlitaiy head 
 aerveit i^r ▼WwKt the naual^ iiomiuirr ot 
 brains: bat tiMa was not tafidbnt evidemse, 
 and J had PW^wne vi 9; seeond reading ot' 
 the leiten hAVthtf diRi!il(|lf ipf niiMprehnM' 
 ing it 'K^ tie lhtl« Mob of wieeew. t 
 
 trarlte mmnt for th^ « i4etttfieaqae,'*> ^pd 
 hii^el|pli#al^ia tt>hav« eaWtoln tbeliwit 
 of hwprinihieB; ijiaiaifil'df the asaal «e(rii« 
 ruMl^ Mferailry^, tlMNMilM^i Ite. h§i- 
 I eonil (Kkaovter «' atvMnr infH «f Hia ^al 
 cei^i i(ti4 T waa thiVVMtt hmMNed to^ 
 otiAniMt, when f foiiin#tli#4hnlalitMrnf f # ' 
 kt(iA^*A|iolh»^<^'ft«.} lMpni» titii it lift 
 ktmwn to be |b#l8iiMi«ge of th^^itT «M< 
 aik««Md^ by «i«%iihJdt&«r«if t2ie Mai; 
 l^rgeoftadf'tjhi'dajft-': •:^ - -il 
 
 BSlhir^to, M^i^ter, amontitaoMll^tft 
 8tt«pii^o«r«*dK wfiflk^lbui tf flaJlHlatf- 
 ing, I readlved to reqnoR yon to give pnbli- 
 eity to my disatnswalof the letter written in 
 
 
vnu^tmim-' 
 
 
 my 
 
 I 
 
 1 1« Mf dMir* that (IM gMMla- 
 r tm mif U. vHi Mt afrik 
 tfM flrtiMr «r Kb »lt 
 
 •heoMiMferi 
 
 lam, Mr.MHor, 
 
 YowlMUiM«8«rvMtt, 
 
 TV «A« Xdtor f/'lM IFkair Ckrvniek. 
 
 Sib— I rMBMiltar luifinf mm ttmi, in 
 thiOhni't TraiMb, «t a iMwhiae, Um bmh 
 «kw of vhMi lbmi«d l«tt«n ii^o words, Md 
 wordi into MatenM«t and k iito a •imUar 
 neehraiMl loarM that 1 ueriba tha letter 
 of N. C in your hat B«nb«r. 
 
 It appear*, howtver, tn be tlM afbrt of a 
 noviee in the aMnagement of the book' 
 auUng apparatnat nr had the iaatnuaeat 
 Mnally BMMiiead aaah oflbett, noterm die 
 HfM of Laputa had tolefttad iia twa. I 
 wonid edviie your OorraiMBdent «o try 
 uwiher torn, aao if thii fUb another yet t 
 bnt iheuld he Millilnd biaaMlfwMiaeeeMrnl, 
 he may try what it wW avail to write the 
 MBteneea produead in two eelumna, when, 
 parhap^ the arflM.eanJ i ng may he a nauwr 
 approiiauftion m aanae. Beginnara ire ever 
 ia a hurry far tlw aomMetioa af their 
 Mheme, and I thtok it prabaUe aaall a Jhal- 
 ing may have hdoeed ttw nrtitt, instead of 
 waiting fw the prodn eU en of qrlt*Mealram 
 their clement^ (letten,) to throw in fiMKiy 
 made wordiof an hard a natnra, aatoeaaae 
 the injory of the meehaniam. Bat | mar be 
 wrong in myaonahMan* aod, taerenre, 
 •onfearing my «fwn total inability to dimarar 
 thesearct, reqwMl that ya« will , lofeurm me 
 what ancaning, if thmro be aiqr at aU^ttanbes 
 to the paper hqieitian.' 
 
 I remain, Sir, 
 y Todraoniiartraadar, 
 
 ra OeBdltmr ^fthemmtrCkmiicle 
 
 ^s. E9iTo»— lia peroaalof an artiela 
 in ybnr lut wcek% Jforober, hat akrangely 
 poaaled ma : that moeh hdionr had been ef- 
 pandad in its «aaapo«tion wm Mifteieal^ 
 oMoiwt hot altar repeated, r^iMNnn, 
 atKmUtQreadHthnwgil, thadw^i 
 demSrcd of ^iasovering the tHimiif » 
 mnahpainst ^Jmnafa^niae wggwmi. it- 
 self to me. whieh,aMafrt the maay-aniM. 
 twaM whieh I ha«ah^ai7ip the «wme><<tha 
 w«al(,i« the only aim «balsoppas aiijrsa- 
 tiifastory method of aeainantiM|; Gar it. 
 
 It islrril lni4V«» M?. Mior, thattha 
 Non-Contribaiora to yopr.aolamns, aniioas 
 to pmra that inabQi^Jii^ kept them M- 
 lent, have beao of lat» tfatUng aatreng eau<« 
 
 vaaa la eptablish an OMaailian paper. Now, 
 as hi all .warlare, straugamsare raaartad to^ 
 may it HOC be as imporUnt to weaken an 
 enainy^ position as to straagthen ane% 
 ownf Coosidar than thh eattaardiaary lai« 
 tar, ss the Johtprodaationflf thejnntol of 
 oMMitioa, w^KenwItlitbainsidbasdMigB 
 or raisiflf a hMgh at the expense Of dw pn- 
 
 Eor whieb shonMiiHert Ri wearing (he asm- 
 laneeof gri^'.'anae nnd' eomplaint, lase- 
 enre a reeeption whieh it might not other- 
 wise have foand t iniaaded, sMimover, per- 
 haps, as a sali|eetihrthe ptat essay of op- 
 positloo-aritialMiontliA tat of April « and it 
 oaanot fail to strike you as so well adapted 
 for the parpose, as to give eonsiderable pro- 
 bability to my sormise. 
 It may than be deemed a fidr sample of 
 
 have m emrtand I esarted hem aaest snitaapa- 
 folly h pradnelng a labonred eomposilion 
 whieh shall appear at Irst sight peift^y 
 
 flOtMltrf. 
 
 Should (dm mastarJumd that direetsthls 
 knot of oppositidnisai passess, in an equal 
 degrae, the skHI of produalng the revevaa 
 eiltfst to the present! shaaldhe, in othei^ 
 words, be abh to extraat a meaning, and re- 
 model in an inteliigiMe fbnos, aneh a hetero- 
 ■eneoos eomposition as the letter of N. C, 
 I fear his snoeew against you will ha inaii- 
 table. 
 
 My purpose, Mr. Edili<», h#s been to put 
 
 Ken your gMid against attempts of this 
 linniturei berlups, alsa» faiasnribing 
 the letter of N.C. to the qnarter 1 have 
 pointed out, you may partake of the advfo> 
 tage wUah T havaftdnd, in being able to 
 join heartily te ||w Iraanent UmJi» whieh 
 IthtaoaaaMoaad^ naaastuprassad%thefbar 
 that thoasirth af a»me oOo unfortunate wight 
 of the landktts around me was assuasad, to 
 shield himnom a qnix^bkh ha had brgaghC 
 on himself. 
 
 I am, Mr. Editor, 
 ' Tour hwnbia Hervanti '<■ 
 
 OdlTUABT. 
 
 On Moiidqr^ tk)i 9tb histaat, hetwaan the 
 hours of sbiand eight in the nwrnilng, died, 
 inthepriaaaaf life, John GoH/ a youth of 
 
 " One of a pair of glaneoas gull*, whieh 
 hsdben taken fntes a neiAQn one of the 
 Nprdi Gaorginn Mahds in the slUiBiner, and 
 broni^up onhoMili when full mwn they 
 shewed no dispasition to quit the ship- 
 
49 
 
 Tflij pnmMMi| fMnoi mm tiirRaniiwuy 
 eaddwnHHMi. H* «M dttMrnM fironM 
 a««iml and rwpMUMi flunHj in tlM nortlit 
 uhI »u on hh trtnrato to m* Um «orM, m* 
 eo rojw oiwl to kh trio th ia r, wim ha wm 
 Mkhboif M*eilMil-iiMr, kkTtag hm to d«> 
 ,ploi«kis irwpanWi nM. It to loppawd 
 iMt had ha Ihrad to raoah Bnglandi ha voold 
 haw obtaioad oiw of l,ha ftnt aiMathioa va- 
 aant in tha BritUi Moaemi. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 TWO ainsBAa uitaM. 
 
 lOST, withi««k« Ian month, a UND- 
 VSi MURBAYI GRAMMAII and 
 BROWN'S FOUO DICTIOHABT. Tha 
 
 owner having maeb oaa a iion for tbam, and 
 laboarioK nndar aerioaa faiaanvanifnae from 
 thafa>laM, Jai nd oaa d to oKrthaaboro «•• 
 ward to anjr peraon or pcmna, wbo matr 
 hava rooad, and will rHnm the mma to hiii 
 raaidanae, Bn dd ar H a ad -Hoiiae^taar Aftar* 
 Hold, within tbaanmiagwaclt. 
 
 Barijr In Mat «W IMMMUNd. in OiM 
 VolamaOm|f«i MM/ kowid in Calf, 
 
 OLAVii ieiliioiitcUBu I 
 
 ^iftftftj^*^'*'*** 
 
 ContainlMinll add aomat aaaannt oT tha 
 
 Anthoraf OMh actitia b that paper, #ilh 
 fiM-aknHea aT/pavainl of tiM hana>wiwnga. 
 
 BT fWrSB PKT.ABCIUT. 
 
 ThhWiliiaidaoda^Md tn aontain ari. 
 tialMM 0* itMf of' dba laawadaa ro monlan* 
 tlonab hol|ih ^niia and vana. whiah ari 
 fimnd in wa aplwMMar «haClMMtta,widit 
 aaplona annptMdia, ainaidatian^ and HInih 
 tn»oni.«f iavural abaanre^ml apnarantljr 
 a«:«talligiMa, pamgn. Tha aMliar haa 
 ■parvd neither tlota nor takomr to murk tha 
 pm<ir nalronafe and a tw e w f ag a m anti and 
 w HiJMH axtraiaaljr oMipad hf an* aoauMK 
 
 woA mora aonqdate. Ha wHI ha naruin* 
 larlj aunkAd Mr all hhita whieh majr Mind to 
 eloaMata anf paH of H.C.<b latlar, h»tho 
 Ele«««th nnmhar of tha Ck>«niala, aa tha 
 authar Aaaij aatilhmfahiiHMtf ata kwaaldier 
 to dlafovar tbo ynMf,m mmfal^ m7«a- 
 tkm t iU 'toaa lm oC m (doi, op aVen lii mmft 
 parts totraeotha l^iUM^ga to that oCa^jr 
 known nation, in tamint or uodcrn tIbMs. 
 
 
 No. XllI.-^M0Ntl4T, JANUARt £0, 182p. 
 
 Tnke JSdbor qf th$ Winten Chnnicte. Mr. BdMor, has alwajra «offio in the way, |o 
 
 prevent mv pnttiof my faitcntion In asaan* 
 tioo, till Old Niekln an a«il hote.'perMiadad 
 me to drop into your ba« the letter Hi the 
 nnfiirtnnata N.O., wUaj^ letter^aiall yow 
 rciaderaknow, ndj^ta* mtll, to nin my own 
 expreanoo, have been *«kept In my bik' 
 etand." HaTing heard It hhite^howavary 
 by •everal peraona whoea gpod taaie and 
 jof^ment I bi|^ty rei|le^, that the anlfjcet 
 of my letter and not it% etjle waa t|tt real 
 oeeaakin of the xanend attiek mnde npon ii^ 
 I am IndnMd to flatter myeelf that it waa nqt 
 qidte ab badly writtan aa aome of yonr witnr 
 andfiMetlpMiririendt pUMboded} and, t ha«» 
 eveji MMnf hopes that by givmi ny eomp<i« 
 sitiMsaooth^ turn in the oHwhine, 8ti««' 
 e«|inmendM by John Slenderbtidn, In^y 
 pcfhapa produoe somathing morawettkrh 
 phweln one of yoorfatore numbers. Ba 
 thli aa it t6ay„ I have derived great satiifiio* 
 dodDf^in the perfieat gpod fcamour «i^ 
 whiah every shaft Ins been pointad againt 
 my'llrstlilerary cllbrt, and l^ag to asstira 
 yon, that no Other|Sieling exists on lay part 
 to«ai«s th* indlvidnld who has jonUy taxed 
 me widi** elKiasinghtm fiw-the father of mr 
 wit," or towards ainr of those who, in es^^ 
 ponsing tha a4|w of my friend JoieplMwi' 
 
 Mr. Emmn-^wiU not end«|ii!onr to eon* 
 eeal frmn yon oryo«|r readers, the mortifte4- 
 tionllelt at heanng yooi; I**! «]eal^Hi paper 
 rwdltht br ns kf at i trirfe ian Mondm mom- 
 h%. Tea tawt lnd«ad aonfiu ^ thaU papter 
 au^t oialoMvnlydevaiedtoliMipoons opon 
 •|e;nnft>rtnnsli irU^ pulMiMent to appal 
 aa..i^ithor osaah aym Maoslomcd than nqr. 
 
 frto thfe »M aiid wiilstmbiad attaeks of 
 die orftisisms. B«f|U sobtp as the roar 
 niiBfriment, whiiui uw a^ntnnta of y<^ 
 eqfaimns hnd raisad at my asMnae, hid sdi- 
 sidcd, andil hadlaissio on^to reflMt on 
 wbi^t^d passed, I, felt eonvHUHHl dMt bow^ 
 aver severe a roasUng ylinr aOrrasmiadants 
 bndtholigkt proper t<(-fN to»,Il|mdeerr 
 t|i«ly i^wiiht it upon jiiy owat sh^MeiS 
 aiid^asrynltaek whieh asi|^ be fnad* 
 otf my. letter was only a ratnrn, in kIm, of 
 wUah I had no right ti| eomplain. It has al> 
 wairs been my wSk 'i» iB^NatiWttto ttiyniife 
 to the sojwort of yitir papier^ b iai rti. I eon- 
 aider it toe 4nnr « evei^ ttaethiiAr of a ioto- 
 monily to db btt best to pirteotiB ibe pnbllB 
 «elftre. And, ihik yonr poner t«Mis to 
 promote tiMtt objeat, noMnaibieman wiH, 
 of aoiarsa, do«ibt. But somethiog or othet. 
 
 ^ffpp»sw«'*f9sr 
 
Ho 
 
 % 
 
 • • •••••^•••■••M* • 
 
 •evcrtif _ 
 
 Bcioni I M94lPte wtf MlK^i I SMBt no* 
 Um the mlMalw lalo «Mmi IM W on-contriba' 
 ton to jour pMwr ln««laiM» J*. unMint 
 mt hMtk I* Mr* » NfiMtwi* iUMM. « 
 •If pcoBi* wdtr «Im wHil « MiMM iriMi 
 hMtwttMlMlHHfarlhbwMli pMllftAlnr* 
 rm ortl» ^win ■ ff if tl i w p u tffm/ttk f from 
 
 Sue aMaiWt of lUl M# lHMl# trike. 
 6*»SM><Wok K ndite«;tl«t I 
 MmotWjuw«#dftt> MMk Mf Mb t«it«n 
 IJNiin tlM klptjAktt Ibr nr tmotifpim MlftM- 
 Mtf*, wHhOQlbtvbg » itftU voril UNHM on 
 to the tm, SMl * iMiilbsit4«d lobi hofflt tll« 
 *«on^ W iiAy tf thoie teitdAr, ^oiMtlMtie 
 Menib «r mine f Ik» Uioom to t^ thif me- 
 AAAtf MiUMrC IM itndw tAe^iumderd! 
 
 IM fa wiwMlf ebto to MeMiiM 
 
 Mbir, Mr. B«Mr, if H* b* tr«e» I htH 
 dMMi yittt ptMr towiMltolkejiWMili 
 
 ■Ml if it vi nel Pftt^ H ii NMMMfM nMn 
 ytut to §eiiirtwlw' Hi mHi ■i * * wmv to ne 
 
 Wfil^ift 
 
 iMHI^VlBtot'i 
 
 We kiM not been aUo who^ to make 
 op ow oMb wItoiNtP #0 iImiiII eoMider 
 tlie letter oT " VeritM** m a nnib i or, hi a 
 
 rdiSn 
 
 Ak yon era a mV\V»j 0M, Mr- £<iitar, yoo 
 nmftMrehbeifa^t&atthiaisk ntoatori' 
 ikMtii^^ toaoMMr, of AaUng a aiM !«*« 
 
 Ami^anktoM to lAAbift ktwirii thew ny 
 dM^ an^ ludyntked iMUfnantt «ltbMM 
 4eta]^,1 beg ^ Will biaart llieqi, if/OQ Ito^ 
 
 Pin yoor^iini ••ok'ii papen bo(ikal a 
 Ihat I toil take a Joke aa well aa live 
 ohc. a^ a* an ismmht: (be rinairlijr ivKh 
 tMiiah I remain; Mr. IMkor. 
 ^ ToArlMeiiidand welt-titber. 
 
 T« M« JrdKMf ^ fAe ffiitfer ChnnMe. 
 
 ]ilB.Esno»— I traa aireeablj aorpriaed 
 on reading in your laat Namber, the eandiil 
 manner in wlueh yon mgieated to Tonr eor* 
 Maptmdentli thO adUieetl yOa i>ltnM prt j fcf 
 Ibr tho paMa of the WlJater ClirMiale 1 1 
 toy, Ofrwid^ Mt^^ttMd; beeauae I bad beOii 
 eonAdOrttly atoBi*ed ybbtr aintiiMnta ^^ 
 trtikly d'rfjbrant. odlihll •• men of mItMh 
 hnewlei^e were •tthhoM Mm «ritiot?|k. 
 eaooB it iraa anAet^oOd thai nothing bit iM 
 trifing noMena^ that had lately appearod 
 itotlliFbe aeioptobM to the editor." 
 
 Atlba^agreat MMrd Ibr yoor paper, 
 Mr. Bdltar. ton «HII rdidily belieto theaa> 
 tbAeHohlMt ondftecrtnMHng the whole of 
 thia to be withoot fttandation, and thia aatk- 
 OatiOD waa eoMklerably ia«i«|Md 1^ the 
 hop« that another pieOeoTtoaitdatwhifn %lfA 
 Naehed my eara ioij^t be emMb tifittM. 
 
 Thto ia noftto a ehaiM than that lb* Jtwi<- 
 (HI aommmitotitiot oT yoor oonMrnaid^ 
 gre altered, it the eapriae, u^mpmmt 
 Moed, bat of thoie employod umt imir 
 dkcetiort! When I ir«rheaiiim:iiv 
 Bdhor, I «aaM not help e|talalmi|toli«aB 
 liapomMei but m^ inlbitiMiit|win«dtooit 
 Waa tme. •• Ifay," m% hm, " the TSmke 
 hat hiint^ir declared that 1« ha» irti T 
 
 ) wriona light, and aacording to iia oe« 
 tenrfble porport. Worawitojadgeby the 
 eontoota ahme, we ahoold kwMoe to t^ tint 
 tfmnlM ( Mm to itMh to opW mkMoly oaeto it 
 #«(thyollfimr(ldii b«t fu «rlo tonl OMt- 
 trtto wdto tbo a p ini hli to to latotof oboltto 
 k no jcater. 
 
 Aa w« aiw iriWMr* to«4y to iHb a toMMM- 
 bl* eitphiaaliMi to UMNO wh» Mk it hi a ton* 
 aoMUe manMf, #« pwpte I voptyi a«id 
 we de»oto the iw aato ar r totoo witk Qwltoa 
 rataetanee, btoooto torMt* itot tiftoi ihtra- 
 ded oaraeirea On the atlMtioii Of OOf readers, 
 preferring at all tinea that they abould be 
 amoied by oar eorreapondenta rather than 
 by ooraelT«a. 
 
 We notfae, f rat, Veritmli pitoeipal ahum, 
 thai •* original aommanieationa are altered at 
 the e apyiaei^yt of the yto t jade ed; bat of 
 tkotonOdanilamioHMair ▼ ontaa profemea 
 todiabelieve ••thtepieeeoraeandal," ai he 
 tarma iti we ahaH, aorert hal ea^ eonaidcr 
 
 him.hi oor reply to the penR 
 theobiirtotton, MMto ittotbaiadlvkhul 
 
 any eontrol over the paper, aiut that hiaaa« 
 vUa, in spite of all lie eali my, take open 
 themaelve* to alter the artielet in loeh a 
 toiBHer, that when he againHea them in hli 
 
 who really did aa, if liah one there waa, to 
 aaMtKato^Mittwiaitotaii^ that Oflroritoa, 
 ltt«^wpitolMatok#ep. 
 
 Vtritartinit «ittiaif> bo a ooMrlbiMr ttr 
 ato m ai Mt»IUatot i t ttoftHk, thwtlltohe 
 Wtl dealt lUfN with oa, liaMtMftaMlM 
 bato eMiad hkii to aaknowldtos. that what'' 
 evof Mhah toiiht mf they had a a pw h iie w t , 
 hM paitoa had aetor b«a aa UtotoMy 
 ti«itod4 If. ahthtaoateto>y,theaMMtork| 
 aOtoiHMMrlbtttort M; «kaa othotoai««P 
 ptoyhm ihair fitta. and tohig thMr beii ei- 
 ettiona few dw toMa vMaStoaat, h« Ito 
 wltMMl^«j£»tltopleaor faafaBMyor «Mr 
 oihaf wlkh ha tow «iah to aabadtirte to 
 p B Oftran a e , thoiditoapttoaMlNhipiwtool- 
 1% a pbbN# good, w* ahoald aOba al t a that 
 the matw» HflM Oh k et lOH iatoKDOeem ot 
 hlii Awt *vw if It kai t (bwaMoh. It would 
 be wbolhr betweea the Wriian aad the Bdi« 
 tari toat thooa #ho do aot ^m, oortahily 
 enri have BO tfito to find ftalt. 
 
 Bat a aaqaaoat^ thooght aaight hii«« aa- 
 tidkd Veritto^ that tf otidiial aommnaiM- 
 tlonatad been ao abtweOi «• ahootd have 
 heard long ainae aa OMery from the writer* 
 themaehrm. No penoa woald aee hit eom- 
 poaitioii alieM WithoOt af^ealbig to the 
 
II 
 
 IB 
 
 
 tOllM 
 
 ^2SSL»S!^r« .^5»% 
 
 
 •^Mt^WllNll 
 
 ^<. 
 
 
 r4(W««i.' 
 
 Mi JMtan art^j 
 
 w utucrwOTii in ciinior HH QMM MWWJ 
 
 ftwtrt of hb ntiMNitlbillir (o Mm inilMW- 
 Imt to Om^^'mnmI u\m hSlmSZSi 
 All htretofora^ w h* will maUmm to iiiiik»> 
 
 mi VariiM hM kewd siSm «l« 
 Til. *«Umi nM or ttinm» 
 witblioM lloni wrfcini^ koMku. ,. 
 •ndefMood tiMt Mthiog but f/^ ui 
 
 •M^lo to JM Sfttor.^^ 
 
 ■Mt ' Af -A^'noRMokvi' 
 t!M|iafM.y<a,.that 0. 
 (gnmnoaloBliontfeom #ij& 
 
 W WfOOMtO obiaMMif i 
 
 Imwit^'Amm 
 
 %lMiaU|trKNB«S 
 
 1 
 
 -.^j^HBBHPaf^^ ■ "^^l^'^tt-^F^^jgllBy 
 
 ^•^c.*-- 
 
iiiiiiii^pii 
 
 
 R^^-fT^^T^wi^sp-^wspfw^fSP^jrfr^ =vi?ftwrirr*^reW?f?»rT'?^' 'ny '■ 
 
 '•^ 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^H 
 
 fm 
 
 
 Thetire Hiyal, Kofth Georgia. 
 
 liiOt '«r«l «« P«««>rmed. for tlie wooimI time th'w 
 ',uqtf,:tteFwee.or: 
 
 jMS^WfifiR TEENS. 
 
 Alter»hkb/tl« ne* Mttiiepl Botertrinmentrf 
 
 THE NOBXK^ES^T ?A8SAQEi 
 
 Biiiik^^ *t*HE* lew* *^»' 
 «iSSiee3o«««5r-*2S?^^^ 
 
 f'Sjeffi.; of th{fbo¥e »»««»^Jg;i 
 niijTbe viewed ^^ «g£**«!!2"rgS3^ 
 the Weft end, at l»er ^w, ^'S'M^K'tL 
 
 Cheew-muket, P^ni|>-I«!M» qiir*««0' 
 
 r«r the mmer Chrwiele. 
 
 Slffii?S5S«*« thefcwiM youth. 
 ^1^ «tniiB m«iit^ somh^ 
 

 53 
 
 ••*«••••••••••••••• 
 
 BiMh purion^ mnj reMniniog from tictm. 
 And, l9*kingUiiM our (Mix errors lew; ^ 
 Led l^ His mtrd, who aukle •n4 stUI sqataiat 
 Thii pendMit orb^ tnd o'er Creatioa reifnt. 
 
 . . ' Boll on, ji wintrjr homrs ! no rtti tro 
 Cmi all joae siortajr horrors jft hnWjf : . 
 A ttinsieAtgloQm t«i nuy awhile iMI^we^ 
 Like jonder ekmd lefiire the mooDrbisaqi fos? ; 
 Botwhen the lamp of We shall f(^y fthine, 
 MHusa youth's and manhood's fires aUke deeline ; 
 And when the Ia|t loodimmp shall Sid us soar 
 To hear our doo^, wh«»i " time shall be no more," 
 ilie sind' relying oil the Saviour^ power. 
 Shall aland un^wited m that awml hour.— 
 His will in earth perform'd— our God shall bless > 
 And elothe the stDBCf* with hia righteoasness! 
 
 ■ v. ' 
 C. "-^-^ 
 
 HOTIOm TO COSBKSFOinmNTS^ 
 
 7heEdttor wishes tb 
 iMft prevailed U late. 
 
 ita praetiee, whieh 
 iraoog iome of hia 
 
 Correapoodents, of persooalljr dldiijerlng; 
 their eoDtribntioos, may be diseontHmetfT 
 The hoY is alwiys to be ^nd on t%.'B^!;»- 
 raom sky>ri|^t. 
 
 No. XIV^MONTlAY, JAJSVABX $U iBStO. 
 
 
 *i 
 
 I 
 
 '31 
 
 To Oe^EdUtfr tf iht Whtter Chratuek. 
 
 Snt-*>I eanpot refrain from expressing 4o 
 yon my fbeUngs, on hearing the keen, yet 
 gQod>1nimonr«d, raillery, -with' whiehj in 
 your last Number, you handled the snlneets 
 eontirfoedro th? letter of Veritas. Ma-, 
 ihoui^t ewfyflresh sentenels adctod fresh' 
 
 etfstbetea I was sippinfc and I do toot 
 when r bHVB:ao-nio.(ft relished my 
 bread and but^ aa oo. Monday morning 
 last T<H| most kmnr that I hsw bcca a 
 eonstaat. thoadt PM^R* aoknown, ad' 
 mirer of yoar rlner«!'^ad have laboured 
 Oannf^ maiqr wt 1m*v Iq toatfr Ufv» 
 ootumns, ibr tlia MilUi «f |b» wtt MMifiiae- 
 nnity«aiitahiedte,«diiiBm)(«w4swii((nr««> 
 ^ the gen«id 4«^eM]|{ar.]!«NMp..j»b»^ I 
 '1Un4 e«eti s wl b t il w iwrd u^^viifi^mt ?«• 
 fttiii aad ■«««>■ "»ke»--»e'frt }nwm* «» 
 hate the Kingli al!ns «ie^r wtttM. n^ihm 
 iMad of each i aa^jir fm:mmtifm^i^.f^ 
 i^yourpieture, HunAio^Meikift Himim. 
 yoa Utt hanMiikamiimtmMmu^Mki 
 Tohime tUqr wBt eo mgtt » B> . ' ^ ^;< 
 
 But ydor rtitmAm,<ajtmy*iimf^0»(l»mJt- 
 meaa lb have ncitir bimlil^ vUh im-^0i 
 aad tdrmounted %Mlf''ii''l|tegt^#i^(jjM^ 
 on one tide, aud itOoMmveli MiM«l.# we 
 other; aa tmVinftMmitKluarmit df your 
 militwy prOfesiltiPiil' tf the IkOt wMt 
 wUeh yon eau jtrrA ll^i^hea oeeilioa'«»' 
 ^tairef. 
 
 Before the appearaiKe'af your ItinKitai- 
 buv Bfr. liiditor, yoa.|n4 Imnb veryriM4( A- 
 
 lent, or, at best, bad hot mumbled «o^ oov 
 andtheh, a fbrmaidenifi)4U|i^«omMrkor 
 two, iir a dieatriaal pafL tk proper iatsfw 
 Ttls,aaiB cditorial.da^lNwndt th^iet^** 
 queaea wa% that siMseof foorMM^JMni- be*' 
 gao toliwgetthat yoi^ t«r«t vol iialh0:fli« 
 
 aaretfttoi aatimw whc^they ws^t plwwi 
 by thesttlgecta efaoaen by yoor CocrMpoad- 
 eataor not; tlutt yoq were one^ among am* 
 ay other gentlemt^n^nliQse anmpemaatyoa 
 were .cncwatourhif to pnaaota, at tim ex- 
 penaeiif a eonsiilenfibHr poriionrOf time aad 
 attwitiO»»5bieh, asftr-asr^podad yoamlf 
 «l^^,kli|«pi«lwMra]|ia'better empkyad t and 
 thSi #f)»4|kl«^ that t^ose who<|MAot 
 wrttchiwltd Bot'be amuaed bytho^OWho 
 
 ..Oi^ lllqi^,how8t«r» Isofidrat, iMthe 
 vimt¥^0^p*ibr 'Corratpoadanlt is waf% 
 intMatiBfef. aad that yoiar paper aaveir ito^l 
 
 fli^jBBki^n'W fcotijig as at prMeiit* 3%a 
 
 M^aa^; «!Mlaek!teabnti«),N|m^ ' 
 
 Ottmit "I IMwd b)to delMr^^it, 
 iaklsriad*ttM>Vfaii4:kintribntOll^heNi ava 
 t&ayf' aad IMw aa«we«eil«»* where are 
 
 I am, Mr. liditor. 
 
 Your eoBSUnt reader. 
 
 Para PiiAiinrAT. 
 
,i.jSViMfc'»siaaii»«if*»i** 
 
 " wTi'J'WB ^^wF' ^ ^ P^^ 'i ' 
 
 ii 
 
 J 
 
 i» 
 
 •••»•*••••••••*•••< 
 
 T« th»B0t«r 9ftkg Wtmr CkmiOf. 
 
 Mm. EaRos«^y«myKi»«^ttf«t^ 
 jour laM vi«OTfbQrtA«l«iN«iif (If jMr 
 
 ^muMKi, af>» «»IB0» tod Wro ». 
 _,jn>~«Bit|«d» and niM 74M todywr 
 1^ «iA • 6la|RW 10 yoq, miide lite •mat 
 to »M ftp iriwn I hid BO MMh nfstnjnC- 
 Ton Vi^Smkv wry %«n kiMA thaw H 0^ 
 more IflUmt KKie eoiMMled nndte * ito|^ 
 
 not fM&eVt ind, n w> nutrace or the ie> 
 fftoM^SiibQm ^hi^haveo^^ fi»^!<!i 
 of 4Ml^^%' «eRriec«>«itetartMMie^ 
 
 «|terl«i^#eiii to Mi.lS iHTe ««iij9j»frf 
 
 iodvrate hU nMatonttdam •MfJ**"^^," 
 fellow*: *'Ainio»iagtoiee, htf^lft «• 
 me* (he pvnyef* oTS* w"*^*^ V J** 
 
 t'A.mmmAH *»«••* *i*»,*sire* Oie 
 
 pr»ye»orth*eoBreg«tlwi.'' 
 
 Now, Shp, tt li, I IUPP0W, hy nme to* 
 Meldentr M tbi»» tl»t one or two of m^ 
 pnaniAlQM hWO been iM^ ■™*'*5' 
 
 heir hit OrwMetioM Oio* 4*tter«l fM***. 
 1 tfiitt you will tehe 6U Whtw * «inte«w»* 
 ed,«nir4it«ik«y0^d^Vita1Jiind their t>^ «iid 
 
 n"* M fattitii. ; ^^^ 
 
 Giilntatf. Pjwtnr enUwMfito praMeate the 
 «eM if Fort Nefire with e««)T demnorti*' 
 timofvitDar. The «PV»o^t*w »»«* «*«• 
 poihed to tbe /otl of the GImIi Md mm 
 WiMWfib wbfeb eowed jt de»t»oM 
 hat (he mmm of tk« Am^ oT-^e^wt «^ 
 y^ M ouiMRMM^thet it J> oei i iM< | W jpB^^ 
 ri»f (o cdNm ftbiM>> M the u«!^i»i>ol 
 - Ae piviMii preelwIw^AIVlppp 
 them hrtrtriooi •!«•». fcMO 
 mm of thedefinUUipthtTe 
 ierhft«d,(nMK«tfrth»ge- 
 
 noml't tNWtis ire dmoii daily eaptured, and 
 didM who «Mip(i (M ateel. are given over 
 toilicilaMM.* , . , ^ ^ u 
 
 The .Ihiif ^ OHm^ouivn,^ hw iMsen a 
 nartiaolar dHeet ot .attaek, botihe only ad. 
 W^tasea i4iMi faiin» ai vet reaulted, are the 
 han4« oTodO ot tiiro of ihe JrWjw qf com- 
 Muhidli^; whobe defence had not been 
 nraH»lyatten»Mt&. tlw general'! oppo- 
 netali iii. ho«^«*«r, nflf Idle, and hit oost; 
 art hifce«iiit& ibooyod bv red hot thoU 
 Skifiiiiiheahiq^I^a «»ery day, and frequent 
 d^t^riMa irtjittettptidbythe besjegera, 
 bat theyiife mjeraiS^ 4efe«ed with fow, 
 
 in ^^nS^ BlejrhatriefiiaJly turfirUedihew 
 
 tbHhilkd. 
 Stratageiiafiirnu, apparently, a favourite 
 
 «urt of the general'* ayateni, M» relation of 
 mL with ieTewl adberrota, were lately 
 bmki eboMMed t(k «e «flt«r-^ait*i and it 
 preaeni remain In *" dwfanee^ile." _. ^ 
 On a rw»e»it oeeaaipo, thljOlBaerl* ro***^ 
 •d 10 have diiipUyed a dbsn«0*/ea«M 
 never before iHtne«ted,,whi«J had the effeet 
 of iiapaEdng ntrprUiag Jimmen to bis 
 troops. It ia truly remarkable, that though 
 these troopaawait the jharge perfeetW im- 
 toOveable, *oy ** W **«» C«« eelen^ 
 vhen expOMd to a Mv5yfire. The general's 
 fanes are expected to be enUrely broken 
 earty in the aummer, an^ prepaMtions are 
 makbg Ibr a vi^wttai pdftait; of the en- 
 tire success of whieh the most sangmne 
 
 Hi^^m^^. ^^^^^ 
 
 . A naket^ Mai>^k to cart df Ms MajM- 
 ^ ihl^, i»bo haa **%jg*5?»*j^'£3^ 
 
 ^ift ti. m^Siwflif^^ 
 
 SL «M*: Wm Mii>ia«ro)ii «tr tl 
 ftrtntOic ih te«#*<W2«f( •* •»» "•^i 
 
 m wibg m «M*#Vji«i «6 ej 
 
 lift fcvbdPira IrteWoilgWi*, >ftfc 
 
 were MllM i»4he «•«*«*» te i «pidy t* 
 
 fiiiiM*WlMr* I- aoaaing m eooiaetwith (W 
 
 ^2SSiM<*botl|iafe«cMl'empl«yed1o-worm 
 tlkeOteora^italAift. 
 4 HaiaeAof tha dog* on bOand tht tfechi. 
 
ntiiiJCimst. 
 
 « w« «>■ ■— »m»»» n »»» 
 
 ADVERTIdEMENT. 
 
 ibr iHmpmUfen 
 
 NEW rVM3aQATlQK$^ 
 
 " He irdklefMilt iltUtateM, tUl^ aloft toe 
 
 fame," 
 And "liM^ln 
 
 eanlii." 
 
 Uihe t^w. and #^»# it(H ji# Uibii^lied* 
 iModiiMielj ^rintio ib onib iiciit pcwket 
 Tplume, lamo. pric^«>.,6(l., half bonnd, 
 
 THE NORTHERN iiilLklii;^;* 
 Being a ohoiee «ilU«dM ef tt« noatan 
 
 THA NOHTHmMlIA NUT^mAOK. 
 
 Hens ■ wiWM^ wpuuimig vpwwlli Bfw 
 
 honored pun«« biitt<^iiB4|t, repaHeel tiei IK. 
 
 itA^««Tr»r ]fn lM«i<|lrl|lifNit|||ei ' 
 
 ele. Attr Pnta^ 01^ ' " ' 
 
 KinaLiriniM 
 
 Le Sa<rMt,at ib«rV„^ w»«w.. -»v««* 
 
 N& AjkmhJUasiArmni bim4i mtu 
 
 TtOeEdiUrtJ 
 
 • t^rtHklf. 
 
 Kved aonga thM triMw ImH •■% at uie 
 istre Ri^. NoMfc <Q(i^ittii,«HHng the 
 winter flf tMmt tovhiw amtjf valuable 
 additlona will beniadel»theEd|ujp,Cari)loa 
 OaJaMitilA',iih««8i M^iiMl hf t^Mn. 
 ntttMHMtMN Mat iliy W aMrMtMl to Mi 
 QM«», liitahvii^ H«iiiik SiidnM^iuM, 
 
 And •* dilMMi^c»Hil44«MlTS 
 
 Bnt-4 iMdjM ib««iihiMr|l| iJMi»^MiiA 
 were vUkA # A» cihfar efiwing. tMC^^ 
 the (wo ihipai, mmi^ I «Aei#||im 
 thmn a« my n^i^lhof n iMrt i liw tohe 
 permitlcd toiigaitajmjl 
 
 Orirriten in |be Cbroiifel e 
 
 Nbir I^Hb ^ilif iieft,4hlt diili^«i^ 
 Ittire #ft ftr iHt ibi^ r^-ihadji fe« foabd. 
 
 About the nme time will be pnUfahed^ in 
 onetolame, printed and bound mitmttf 
 with the above, , 
 
 * The mallnmnie, or tuiittiO* petretj a 
 bird very eommon in the Polar Sea. - 
 
 IMwwfltlty la^iriai- Mmd, th»ilii<*wfefe} 
 *MlMniWa«ulewM«*e gleMikvM •piH^M'fiM. 
 SalbUM^ i» Ati ciMi Mm oniigfeimi; 
 The erimaon, par|l«&«|« ethtpMWM^, 
 
 ■^ flaiiM in rir^ «iMi i<rg|JiiMi«if tfecTd; 
 
 yunrt irfc>»*#it<ita<ilHii» wiflliiai»dWlliM'iill 
 
 Tbefar«M4a« h*e*i4Mr wavb^il^lltr, 
 
 :SHipw't|Mii«|IW|d«Q^4f the dlfM^p^^ '- 
 
 FMMr^tf jtiniViHHMiiftip di«i#«^l^ 
 IMrt^apM vpwtrd (61te senMl!l Milhl. 
 
 Oi»r ewTenoii^ent, wf^ wtuiM eontritw- 
 tiQnwehaTeb«»enn«a«hi^^^ will n«*. 
 nlC9tB|lb»ratinooC«alni^ Word whieh 
 
 *E*?^!*!? •#!*''**?» •"8S?^«*« "^ 
 
 i»Kfb Mr M# ^i^ #. We ate i|itke 
 
 aware how miMh %# have aaerifleed to a 
 ) ofiiropriety. ) 
 
 TraclalIsM wj&k, vflmktcpa di^liNiim 
 The blan^ of ctandMr m«d mgr jroni 
 DMp hi the o^rwhelafaig mMpe af 1 
 
 tlia( 
 
 ZMon hi the olitrwhelBfaig 
 *mm her mntwionf jl&m, 1 1 
 Hat vaiA.the MiMiil eierniil" 
 woilca have bee% O Gotf 
 
 BHUI ahaUJii^^bHi let ^, 
 i|jltli9 mlf^ndoMaof An9ER!a',-_^ 
 To dafk bbtivioft aaA, hi waitiiw fiame ; 
 Like the dim ihadowi of departed fame ! 
 
 i:;^. 
 
 't\ 
 
 1 J 
 
 ^*1 
 
 J. 
 
-f»-mm« 
 
 vyitiv.f- 
 
 NWW'^-.;"^T''''-i''*'»"7?iypfjWitg^ 
 
 'T^^^T 
 
 5i 
 
 -The Baittriuk*** iifSSSJSJiflbJ 
 I, 
 
 V. 
 
 ■ 'Dew;.**'.?*? W— .7'7-™^, 
 
 Inpd* wW» new wl9«»ity 
 /orgratHadetlMriiniii. 
 
 n. ... 
 
 Sash |ki«*ie«in wtflMBi^ 
 
 „,, ^ .'.: -ni. ' ■ '" 
 
 " ,»ey ««eli n»y yet reeord. 
 
 IV. '^^ 
 
 ImbWfementt IB «W»i»OlB|y, 
 OfWh aofdog-obsr, _, 
 Or more iipoii my •««• 
 
 Nwi fond •ttemptt poetiMl, 
 
 iSUy t7 Uwir miN h« tnMed. 
 
 I'Hk prodder in poiNMiBr theia, 
 When on the piper orwilng them , 
 
 Thso 1WP tbCfWM^ VIM" *''^'*' ^"^!Sl* 
 ^^irto»>rt«yiot wiBg* they gcw^. 
 
 '■:•."""; ■im. ., . .. ■/■--- 
 
 Sr.tdtl«««dl9o'.. . t 
 
 jj|5^ii«yerytr«5. * 
 
 And wthCoUy y««»pf"«"f ' 
 
 Until yoitt P««9 <Im1I end ; 
 
 Boangli tbie tiine,-^ ' 
 
 , Al#!t»BiM>ler, _^.:„ 
 ..T«m.^ ,,,,; A'ScittBUOU- 
 It hM^enW inwet pleiiareiii pereeiirei 
 
 corretpoodentadoring the lMt#eeki JEo^\ 
 of Uieie ««• eekoowkdgmente •!»«••»«» 
 pahfamlarijr to the aottor <«»";' ljl"«"£ 
 eeited by the Aarbif Boreel** T«*'P'»'' 
 aaetoi we do not Mt«ti p V^P^f*^ 
 ooe» exlremely deieriptlwmd highly po?- 
 deal; we eomnttidiite flor re*^»r» on vaeA 
 a^MqiU^n to our FoetV Comer. 
 
 No. m^rr^^i^^^* FEBJIUA^ T, 1820. 
 
 ■i-- 
 
 the CwwMitfce «r ^*W^^^t^^!S^ 
 the •«i|8e|ttenr«oi^««* '2^«22S^ 
 
 S^*^ eetafWl ly i»o other, wcwre 
 SSrSiei^ dertreltodo their bfrtfiir the 
 
 3 iyii««S ii^wA6j»dtoftiCei»oi»^thiia»> > 
 
 Akrt of iB«l«iW for the rewlli- •id^^fit ««1 
 SSdlly*Merhitoiihe IWely wd |*i|ii«i^ 
 |*eiili(i^*hW»fow «Med 
 ^Mdie «4lMM«ltion exeeeded. w&e f«-< 
 S^oCOwMteee^ Mr. EdUol^ tr? iidt 
 
 aainaMtiMediMiD • Wiffi* "•"^fWr 
 00 « fi«itrepwi*nieth»^ft» feiwrelt^, 
 SLewr. inJiSw H-tf on tVirmfiidji 
 and pnperee^thMB to eater otore §llfyjMo 
 ttei «Wr of the t*oe on n^eoond perferi 
 mnwe, when neeriyiU tne Aipt^mt 
 
 before eMVed their oo»iee,buwtap«the«». 
 nnd the entertahimeilt affi)rd(»d w^eonw- 
 
 alio ««*li^li5iW^itov|diloe, to 
 ing1hatth*%«*«»i*il'5»Wont**^ ex- 
 e«tl«Mi, wer« iapMif&dwHhmoAgreatw 
 mintetion thin iSfere, tM that the whole 
 pieee wW eondnited with more imiirie^ 
 and niri^ then any former repreeenUUoooiii 
 
 **^*|riitliii«lwi>n«i« 
 
 Swtetion^ *«* ^Wre theSr^^^^»^^ 
 
 t&AS^Teeiite^ Mr . Editor, I woobl 
 nM(iii^i#ti«in ' '.' '^ -' 
 
 Mr. EnrnMPW&r » itit«H«^*«^ 
 on Moadey BBOr^^ hit I met wljhooe of 
 
m 
 
 <••!••«••••••• • <it« 
 
 ujyoniMr •hiUrent tat to ^^fMrpriw 
 and grief; ita fe>tiirt»;iWtt»ti> wMl Mtm 
 ■nd mutilnted, (b eooKtqaeiMe of iiumUU 
 
 drcadfal buImIj, t^Mt I aoaM Mir««if MOOg- 
 nnethe paw iKde iiMimt/M^ifiAUaii 
 
 ■were ao ahoeked iqrUM a^Ung «|^Vtl»t 
 k »aa aome tine befti* I regained upmml'. 
 aerenity. 
 'On neoferiag H liHhtiJ'mB laif eeiirQiioii, 
 I determined on Uykif m aaae bcfbre yOur 
 readera, ttiroaa^ tbe ■oediam of Tootr paper, 
 that thejr mMit adopt ptoner meamrea fqr 
 tfiirding asB&t a ainilaif i^ilfiWIimk. , 
 
 Don't you tMnfc, Mr. EtPtor. ^ira is a 
 deftet in oar legi8l«liiirr,,nBd'tIiere inig^t, 
 and oof^t to be, aooac law enabled ^ pan- 
 iahing the, miiereantau'wlio,dnderpr«tenee 
 of nendinr tlie oonatftmidna «f. their patientf, 
 torture and mangle tMm to death t 
 I an, Sii^ ' 
 Toot ij9M obediiiint aarvant, 
 Amm AHTiHWALr. 
 
 IBad our Ah* eprr 
 
 eipood( 
 led hei 
 
 lent omitted her 
 
 8^{natnre, and eoneealed her aex« ve mkbt 
 have been ao moeh milled as to ramid^, her 
 .leiteralloded to an alteration wbien'we felt 
 QjKrielTeB eompeiled to make in the lines' in- 
 aerted in oar nst paper, and vhieh'were sent 
 to ns M having been fband between the jtvo 
 shiM. '' , 
 
 Bat as the alteraUon waa then aeknovle^ 
 cd, and aa the result of neeeasity, not as a 
 supposed improvef^ent; a* it waa, in fiwt, 
 the eorreetiott of a nip of siteh'kiMtnre, th«t 
 we are persuaded no nnnele pen would have 
 ita^de, we are driven thMn this ioterpreta- 
 tion ; however maeh we midit deaire to avoid 
 the alternative, of being wholly at a loss to 
 disaoverthe lady's meani^; perhapa our 
 readers maybe more sw e e e aifal, ana aa we 
 have already had experienee of their inge- 
 nuity in solving enigmas, we solicit their as« 
 siatanee. 
 
 THXAVRICiJL m9Wtt, 
 
 We feel, if it be possible, even more aatii* 
 ftetion in aotieing tfac.eftt^ wldeb theiMK 
 eond represenlati(^ <£;Jm»-im,ktr*JPieH» 
 has produoedt tfiarf^Hm.wa^ hid. the phsa> 
 sure of eoogintalipg anr,. Readers, «a ita 
 saeeeas, aa the oti«sA| |!J^<i.iNnt1iieat«e. 
 
 If we were theiMtf, omjkkmwAM. waa^de- 
 sirable to eatabliiftsaiAsoaiAes «f «mim««^ 
 ment,eq^erienee9ftb«irbeaefieialtandeii|qi! 
 has ainee far mont JiKHr,<MNivi|«id M hmr 
 impopmnt itiathatithna^aldhv eontiDae^ 
 We were early appnied' Igit^ ouuttgdr 
 that bis sUiek oc pj^a was vety 4iwit«d, and 
 whe« wt» aaw the mWhRMt ^IMe «fj9en 
 7bRgi«BB,aotf(rrrinEi4|eatitie»,1t'«M too 
 evident that but Ikthi 4*eHM» reihifiiiif we 
 viewed, therefore, the iepetitioB oF* pieee 
 ^Iqwdy anted aa a|k eiperiHM|mli:«)^ tfw "^ 
 ctis M wUeh t&8 fioatfnaiMe of ovictltaK' 
 
 trisal fptectaiapHtejMMiitially depended. 
 ,AkiMPwe«oaji»liliMt feel anxkius dor- 
 big wer^erfocBMHat» and altheogh we were 
 a|p | »> B «.thy wfcoviwtii^toated that several 
 l^yi woaht fd|», rither than ioae, by repe> 
 ^tiM (ehl«47 fiir M|iM>s whieh are aa^ed 
 ii)yiiw«anm|Mnd«bf»*'^^UM^^ we 
 vNeMH^hr leased lofind that tine interest 
 of the attOwnee'Mikeecded rather than fell 
 shnrtof ouretpiatatioiiai ' Of the altraetioaa 
 and feaahMtma ttf novelty noeie ean be ana- 
 ware i and did' we powesa the meana of 
 bringing out a auee^siomif hew and auitable 
 pieeeS)lt is probable th«t there woald be no 
 qoeathm aa'Mr the ^tpedienqr of doing lo; 
 and tMUMM* iUiMonal traiAte that they 
 wonld weastDu; weitld b* bat littl»' regnrded 
 by the g^tfaaMflfi %hp^ have so ah^rftdhr 
 and iffltttatly «BMrt#d1iMaM9«is<« lighten 
 the ledMsneaa of oarwilkter. RepetitioB 
 night then (V it e^r tank plaee) have been 
 editeed to l^bi9t whieh had riven » more 
 thib ordinary ^£:;«re on their flrM peHbr- 
 manee.' 
 
 'INptifwehav*Ueebri|jhtlyinfermed that 
 theehoiev ot tlk*^ njumwing eoramittee has 
 been dividiMI betw^ 8m meassre whieh 
 they ultimately ndbpUM, aad th^tdMlre to 
 nnderlMk^ioniii dr'tMthrwB remalantg playa, 
 
 band, or 7A« fTowV-^diat in thehr xeal to 
 attempt whiMefer' It' inMit be posaibM to 
 eflSset, they did aolitallyfer a time eontcMtt- 
 pfaitotheperfbrmanee of one of theie pidys, 
 oiiMdmwiaiMof theabsohtte hmdMiaaiey 
 of tileir toeanaJdbliged them to reUnamish fei 
 if sosli he' faideed the ease, we do notliesltato 
 to eonskler them entitled tothepnUiethanka 
 foradherinf to th*' piinelple ef asiveltir aa 
 long aa; it eoaid well be maintained. We 
 expresa ^«pmkm in the perfeet reeoHM- 
 tionthaither.rcaoartea of. the theMrshhave 
 been^ fqnnd eompetent to do fall jostlee to 
 the only five4wt plar whieh^ baa been at- 
 tempted But the ^M StnkefifT a W^, 
 defers eitentially ftom the thnte phnrseibove. 
 mentlMed; it dependl upon the inll «Ad cs- 
 ertioQa oj' # singia aetor, and In this respeet 
 we a#eiMMAkfi«ent{ wMsreaa the other pisys, 
 bidependiiit^ of much diffoal^ in wMtteiy 
 afuf deerieationa, woald re^nire 4 greator 
 nattiber«i^atna4w(eMaator%maehaliovepn#, 
 bothi» t|i«,«aie, ascwetteaa 'female puts^ 
 tha«i>«ar ^^fetitre «an pradneft Wb do not 
 feai^< eeoaotef in msfting this avowtf r we at« 
 pei«|adl<t''tftat we do no aMw than Joa^ 
 to the'tm^ori^, M least, of the p w ftrtww , 
 kibeiwvingttattMydfr.not oMvMe- tbhilr 
 own mMmeatioiwr Oiat ther fwb moim, ait 
 Upbliir (A(«sa, bat from a sen4e dT-^rn 
 ettnaMMMtiatt ahlsh wmld rioni. hMt hi> 
 
 • ^»va^^»v^ip ^^w^^w V ppwww* ■• «*^nnHi OHmana^ f*^^^ ^^nr* 
 
 diHM iMilf ibmmgit theaa^ to pkee^ dNMi* 
 aeW^ ih iitaatidiiii inwhiah.it.ewi ttt an 
 poaMbte dis^redil tathem to M^, Vtsm^m 
 net de«i||(i Ihettto «xorij.«Ar wnrid iMMMH 
 tioiihhve eVep prompted them to todto the 
 Mtempt. 
 
 I ■ii ^ W'l «^ i > i n tMyMal»l|i 
 
 -'fsmmk^z 
 
 i8i«l»*»'-«*- 
 
'>lMr.«M««te- 
 
 W^ VOf"'"' ''^V^ ^ - ™'' 
 
 J»3pB^^5PSPSn^rST 
 
 "■;m; ^'^.'/V'yAji'if,! I'riTWu'"? "tw^^s^r" 
 
 •tH« 
 
 , M>««*M»M#«**««*» 
 
 
 1 * 
 
 I • 
 
 ojp(,,lkftrt,«Me4rrtMifJ^^ ^J^i, 
 
 'mssM 
 
 elMdttMip, 
 bimonhbinMei 
 
 It 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 T 
 
 f»?« 
 
 •M 
 
 MK» 
 
 ■:m^ 
 
 
 > 1 ■ - 
 
 
 MlltlCMlitf' 
 
 r'^. 
 
s» 
 
 Dew« whoM thrML whm wmting prqr« 
 HaplmtdMklinn find tMr va^i . v . 
 Well 1 kMw, vbm oiMiy diwl 
 Y«i Mn piMM « «kj MMt. ,,> ; . ,. ,. 
 Com*! IbrlMppjraratlwirAtM 
 Whoare MBoUwM on- plMn, 
 Tomb'd joar wei|.pUi<ld booM ^M U 
 DmjP bncMb ya«r nttive ■ky. * ' 
 
 Amajimr nqrai Ain well itar, 
 Thew are gbrin graaftmMghl 
 
 Next adwuMc, ye autely geeae» 
 How I kmg to break the peM^ 
 Aod 017 appetite to pall 
 With your breatt, Un, wi|i|i^«iMl all! 
 Come, my wMiea rMMe, 
 Feait mv palate Mod liy eyea. > 
 Doll and formal owb, away, 
 Toq, aa nadew thii^ mar May i 
 Tet yoor Aim I wooH retiise, 
 Men of aaienee toamose. 
 Come ! bot only tw<a or three* 
 That«niMi|cel/plMtrbol; » 
 All the rett orfefttberVnM^ ' 
 FroM to flight or npid ehaae. 
 
 •Midtt|l|iAMi*l«aMv • 
 
 AndthdM Mfl* aiiiieamg bniti» 
 I'ern, M« onto tt fiir batiii 1 
 KittivmiMM toe^lh too, 
 111 M boi»iler vaaie 00 you. 
 
 60 amonf the whalifs' 
 FallyoM'M. 
 
 NtB'er among 1 
 Bat( ye mftyj 
 T3t4mkftra| 
 PartriolMai 
 AttdMiW'l 
 
 Dotterel^ Oid idTihe tot ^ 
 Whleb I've omkiadior fbrnti 
 ■adaaMtoa 
 
 iborothty. 
 
 ihaaatoTmaB, 
 AaiLwe'll llMaiM«-»4| «o «Mi. 
 ^^ ~ OtntanMEttB QonoiMi. 
 
 -i'. 
 
 • v 
 
 '3'"i*»i»!«»wiwww«-riim'«»«» 
 
to 
 
 ■'IVH." H 
 
 ^■*-- to ripM flipity , 
 MpMaf mmtn. 
 
 IbrNreiieWil 
 we IrM coaiiraM, 
 
 tiM final iMii** 
 
 diN<with nfkmV Hlht ,_ 
 WHM rank benwilb WW aWMi 
 
 .mt i 
 
 jSp.J^Mf'i^mOt^ PEBRUARI ui,im. 
 
 :k 
 
 'jy,iHeE<Utcr^ik, m^^ C*r«**. ^ ii^SSl |? JSJS? JS £?L iit 
 
 «»»• 
 
 Sin— I do not Imww whH|i«r'fMiit» 
 MMiiMnM of tmh nktim •• I Mtt "owto, 
 «ldr«H yoo «pon i bot Ihpw do, I W>P?_y«S 
 will endmfOttr ttf toIlM 
 flompla(n of. Hovolwr 
 Mem to yoo, in the«e Uirto* i 
 like to rMd fbr an koar or t#o;« 
 andavf r to writ* a IMlkf 
 tbo daily roPotkioKi of ' 
 avdaUmiiy/and tne 
 weka«o bMn'*tii ' 
 
 Under Itkew alr-^ .- 
 «(«atiea(•ily of ^t to 
 
 W»ae«nn,yoawai,i|Mli 
 
 my feellnn of wnoyj^i** WJJ" 
 Me dlitorbaneea U» whWh M' t^ 
 
 rt.IanudetotMhiWtojif'"^'^ 
 
 >rtof oiir eommuiiity kaw 
 
 jeott laHudetotM Wktoji*^, 
 
 brrtof oiir eommuility kaw mmm 
 
 Her life, and whlok (kvy «oi^m« 
 
 daily, to tfce Internmifen of I 
 
 triout, andiotheaWlote- 
 
 ■erioas oeavpatton. I haw , -'^•r'jjrsn s^-r.. 
 
 fUtM theae aiinoyanoes, or «WWwS*2g» 
 
 iMMtiM them, under H!naratelM««ww«ii« 
 
 Uie llrtt are the fFah«fer», r 
 
 leraUe ear tkemtwHrea, •« 
 
 ttie rem of lu hate any ei» 
 
 eontliiuall* ietwadkil 01 Wlrtt' 
 
 Marek,** with whtkmfc » w^ 
 Mt«m of etiw leader ^"^ 
 or the vkiallera ^trt M< 
 than one, and In thataliir 
 lUlowa : wMMler the flratr 
 A.) eommeneea a tone « \^,mrr' r^ -rr-^ 
 mi) take* ft up aboor «h»^iHNj*S^ 
 ' Sf:an?aeeoi»panie. hfm to ttr*^--"--^ 
 Qave, by wbioh A hai fir " 
 
 taeaMiinoBeontkiiiefcand jail ft yon are 
 ilfttllHyureelf with a hope that he aho 
 #m MM bo vhMled, and allpv yo« to fwr. 
 MM «oar MtdmniMiita, a third wUitler (6) 
 
 wmJ 
 
 wumr 
 
 ilMl Wmmtrtt whoaMelowly 
 litt^laM, Had are dMnioUMl 
 th* ipMttrpart of the day hi 
 1^^ diey oMallr do out 
 "^'^"^* time. They are 
 _.tal thaa the whb* 
 inf tnnei, eonfinfaig 
 ea to^^ th$^MMt>Bi«lodie«, or eome 
 tkihi^t^mS^^ theM they will 
 ft lletMkedWW two oeaoMMnHy, 
 iMtttiUeriiMB inu«bwb>«>>»<l 
 ''**ftMia.or«llki| op In thta 
 rale ordme, vIMi 
 in any other way, 
 M iH^wniw tliifii H dnrlog on oni side 
 IM ^tiitror Wiik mgr ai« nwnding 
 ' M,o»ifnuraiin|llMir fiingeMt pir- 
 ^^.^l^y^;^ neoaoMOd aone 
 - woMillt&irtthieh It •haW neect- 
 
 T^mtim^Mmd no dlMirbanee 
 mm^miF^w^^ t».a«yl«llfid»al 
 
 Ilib iie JOnmmn,')^ 
 
 ^ tbonke a^imt 
 
 llMy hATe» me Ike 
 
 t oipftfr tatiriBi •M'^' 
 
^\ 
 
 mpj « gresl de«t of their time in dromming 
 t mutiealljr with both haniit upon the tf 
 
 ble I they umelljr joia the whiMlert, to 
 they niejr, indeMlf be eomidered m m M- 
 comiNNimient They hiw beea hitetir pcMr 
 tiainc a new mode of dramming, vhieh it 
 perfonllied \iy pMngthe oriM •{pan Hm te* 
 ble, and then bringing the nail* of eaeh In- 
 ger, beginning with the little one, la qniek 
 ■aeaeMion, one dter tho otkiTt apflii the . 
 wood, or what is eooiidered more M>>on>JM 
 and motieal, apon a hanMoveratf bMK, 
 whkih thej keep by them ibut for the par- 
 poee. I beg leave ilrongljr to reeommend 
 thia mode, aa inflnitely mora »Ml Mid gMtf 
 tienan-like than the other, njUeh eOMbM hi 
 mfrely thumping the table aaiM«Vali/ with 
 bothhantf-. like a eommon dMifiaif r; and 
 qtaUngU. eandlertiekt and Ink^dl <Im>m; , 
 a honi'pipe. Perhaps these lint three 
 elsBses mirht be employed with advantage 
 fir a eovple oT honra ayDy^ hi whirling, 
 hnmmhig, and drumming to the Mipa' MM* 
 panies, when they take exeMsei ayl a ea«> 
 venient spot for praetising, their arte might 
 he selected fai thendghbontlioodorthe boat- 
 hoiM!, or the green ravine. , 
 
 Fourth in order are tlw - fcmw i t .ah*. 
 ■ever bring a bookorade*,<«%lf «wr 
 the tethct9ble, wkhootbangtogSt dMia«llK 
 aU thetar asight and main, tOthe<i|d dM^. 
 ihent of all weak nerves, and wi MMMnon • 
 «r many an unhitentiooal p9lM(Jiif>|Wr 
 Mighhow'k writhig. ThipMp^^Mi 
 Mem intmded toaniiomie»l&WlMlj|M» 
 aaid Bangers, as if they 1|g^MMM. 
 "Behold, I say! I am aetnaily^gnlog to 
 write!" Soeh an event wMAr^ nittlhe 
 eonfoascd, is singnlar enoorii m tel^ ( 
 vital importanee to JBs idl. *M« I* 
 think, he announeed fU%^n€ jN*^-;^ 
 
 with aeeriealeap awlbiHa,sjieh as i» 4e- 
 Mribad to have beeawom by Counwjwr 
 Pnntewell 9b aearlab (MWi^ont theJMHe 
 of the belh wwddgive aatMe Mli«|i tp^iir 
 appwaah, »nd save t|f» li|#»^r* »W 
 t£arop„ifhieh^ *W*|gl<!||l«ltW-lil» 
 «annot^nd wkhafglpiKg;, .;- -.^.-i-^ 
 The fifth elass eottal* 9^ tb4 J»MM#ifO 
 eailed from the fiWMiMqr with whi^||iey 
 IMow their noses, wheAMlietiire «MriMI«6 
 aoeh eperatioii. By >msMar:MMfl#o Wf 
 have wutoedsoah fer^elion &, ^«^ii*- 
 «(, that it ia nvi rM 
 ItresambieathaMMnA 
 oranevrs'hoy'l' 
 vagiriarand nSM 
 
 men wpim ^^ fm Mm^ 
 
 their propeMMr to pull their own nns<^, 
 without annoying their neighbtNir'i ears. 
 Hariag alrewly eieeedcd the limits of a let- 
 ter, t am under the neeessMy of eonelnding, 
 nVIm hviii« kail finished my list, and 
 shall, perhaps, resume the subject at soma 
 fntnrnthM, sImqM I ase oaeasion to do so. 
 In the OHiimwTtile I remain, Mr. Editor, 
 
 TjimffOMIient Servant, 
 
 Z. 
 
 BIBTH8. 
 
 '**?f.212riaJ 
 
 it 
 
 last, at her residence 
 
 , Bed •place square, 
 
 J Mousewell, of a son 
 
 htar* Inrprisirg as it niaV appear, 
 
 irtbeleai if tindoobteil net, that 
 
 nts were endonted with the po»er 
 
 ^^fnc#itelyon their birth, while 
 
 ^^ iS.'Wlfctlll^ideSt ST- 
 ..„,.. ,Jt eo«SM|«*Mc, as the former having 
 MnMbMukthocntranee of the apartment, 
 was m Mwrdy bruised by an attendant 
 
 lit hopes are indulged, 
 I ktter will enjoy per- 
 .fcetsiikt. . ':"___ 
 
 ]^p|$t|q INTilLUOBNCB, lie. 
 
 , is now generally 
 
 > to North Georgh. 
 
 • ,,« ,.»^„r^ „_„_,'fcf at least fifteen 
 
 ;»{Beks part, have been mode to secniv him, 
 
 liave,'«e at« haj»l^y to find, at length suo- 
 
 MiidMt, m» dM fi«|hM' may eongratntate 
 
 ttedkiwvw •n tbdip IcIWeraikee from thia 
 
 7;Hsfe«^1riH-g;*#*i«k oM time seenwd 
 
 v^itiiialbil^MNlnpry to the community. 
 
 ^;pl4 plteiirtwtteohcenihtg him. ^ 
 
 :W^lrlt^1lM sevefa or eMit head% and aa 
 
 many tongsesi some of these were very ve- 
 
 ' nSSia. Tliilr other* otily snarled and 
 
 - grmrM. M *«re P«He«t«T »»•"»••* . 
 lie auinner in which these heads. Ice. 
 
 . Ms'isM giyiaallv jot «i? of/>y?*"l 
 rShiaonipo^, Willi wtiMl «t*a»^ 
 
 fiii that 
 
 «««P*^to Nt.g, 
 lS!^S&m^^fm6k^^ in on. 
 
 
 ;3 
 
 4'»*«V,-^V-^«rtfc 
 
 
te 
 
 
 .'/ sM 
 
 • ••••••••• ••••••^•^ 
 
 0TANX48 
 
 
 1! 
 
 
 ' ,'.>i» 
 
 «r> 
 
 
 ■- tVt 
 
 .fi 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 
 .A- (.'■ V ■'.! •,•-!> '.#. 
 
 1 "■' ■ 
 
 .* -" 
 
 ..' - 
 
 
 ('. •. ^i .'. 
 
 ,..:m 
 
 
 t'«i« 
 
 '^'W'^m 
 
 li^i 
 
 *imjit*kmm 
 
 91X 
 
 Ilir.'fM^IPlMkr^iNi^, 
 
 MOT Ja Ik* MiM viiaw^il 
 
 'iSSS^ 
 
 M-WUOfUMt 
 
 «£? 
 
 iMd^MMqMAlrith 
 
[>" * 
 
 uu 
 
 ^•••••••••••fVt t*«« 
 
 
 
 
 BMiM iNMOnii 
 
 
 For »y o » hurU ytii mmt ytar povV 
 TMI^wt i lw ri i g lav at B«m9% ahriot. 
 
 ' faeoii^i»oiiDBirri, 
 
 TiM wMMMMiiMlilMlMte A. T. and Gon- 
 tflmm kava baaa reoaivad. 
 
 I iaito M^y tot aaf aaaapaa* 
 
 
 Thal4a#iriio fiaarrala «Mi kar iMtband 
 
 ' -aMM^aMaM'aaifiMi 
 
 fai»aBaaa»4W) 
 
 FMar%wi]ria«Rdari 
 
 Tlw Ui^iHm If MTflriMd M. «B1 la al- 
 
 laadadlak 
 
 
 No. XVIIi^MONOAt, FKBEUABT tl, t8f0. 
 
 
 
 .'!?, 
 
 tfrViMv'aa laacri Uk* Htda^lMi Aa 
 iM*4oau|fT' af MP Biaa'to'MiBap''(lpa' wr 
 
 VHM^ MB VVaw 1HV,4P*aBIBa *T9 
 
 tn 
 
 aar aot b* ttaiMarcaliiig to jNMr raidaK 
 U iraa tni^ dI a te aMi m loaaa the loagMid 
 I la wlA Ilia WMmuTin^ 
 
 Mpr nwi jM( 
 
 ^MdHaada 
 
 [■5 la fl i| il ii , <|ii awj ^igiii, , 
 ant apMa ao'iaaairt 'ia MMNf tMlr'la^%lillli> 
 lirir at llrt ' wak atHwJ hiiftira tfii!,iili. 
 
 SStr £ htiatSfiaflg ^^^ ■•'f**J''ir 
 «.AiSSPA *SSll»ft . ll^*'^Ml,'iBii>''T fft 
 
 ■aV^wBMr pHMMNa IM aiMMNHMMfMI Of 
 
 AmM haa Mhiiicna^MiiMr ikm-^m^"' 
 vtoj/|Bt.kfirSAii.. bcpMiUf ,11 .jii|.- 
 al iim^Mla aFito WSi^ii#.vfMii 
 
 ^i|piiliarii.<Wiiia ^w;.li'iiy^iatt t 
 "■ ■" ^iiiififtario, to 
 
 MiMMNMitta 
 <^ iia pi«ayi teiOa fiiv poitwl; and 
 
 ^nOa AOmnid ag^ tat all i& vain f 
 
 HMKm^OQaB. 
 
 I doolt vhather hiitarj aaa pradnM aa. 
 «ila» a mp i aa>a w aa aatlfa tf aleerful nOtt. 
 ■pdifeaii fcai i ll i I k Utonte t Amiditalltta 
 aaadiMiaxIMi «a lava leen sailed upoa 
 
 wme i^mwrngw an '.-aw gaimt MinrMwa 
 aiadi^>i,(haaMelvaa onder tbia afllictiaaf 
 Llftt *|# la raaorded to their iraoMrtal 
 mmmt, iM tfnjr patiaotlj bowed do«p« 
 awir am/ft •>»« tha itrokc, and iattead af 
 nWOiful Mid ateapleiott, nothiag bol— 
 iftWMai l iai || #i ,tll|-dtaiag aariMi^ .. 
 ^iOa do di^tMnk aSw, Hr. I4ilar, 
 what «• hate iMMi aad ai« atitl^ aadenni 
 hg ftr aur eaoatiyV^la f Uitle <|p thaf 
 
 and that at ona «f ynar eaHy aorrmpon- 
 
 wart •mk.vitimC uymii^ aOmi^ 
 
 that anee m lMt|-.pii|i >• baiavleanM- 
 
 dqaed (p ^^^ P|rtpii4 i4tffNil«i iff 
 |4iBg wiUMMtolir dliiiMr,o>ornM|gUBf it 
 
64 
 
 • ••MMKMtt 
 
 «pMlMirftpoaa4«r4mliaMt.diliBkniil. imiimmmitf, mpMtei Ik* Ml (Mr 
 
 by croo 
 who havfl 
 
 iMdimafdiMOMiyf 
 
 
 ■d,MpMtoN]r 
 
 b«m befbrr nniiiniii t » (hil mIm tN 
 ■tl«klmtbr«tf^MMri|t>|^ 
 
 
 »r««5^|js&£ S^ 
 
 Torfir okMBcBt Swnut, 
 
 k M bafore, 
 
 laiidab|« 
 
 Toar'MMiiiMit 8«riMt, 
 
 SliHMf 8R<«iMnr. 
 
 fV Mi «^ll»»< #j?W^^5inN«l. 
 
 nniATBioA» nMunr* 
 
 ^^U^^^^^^- ^^^^^L^^^l ^^^^k.MMft ^^Mba 
 
 
 0» Wcdneidqr iMt wn |Mrf<Mm«d for the 
 IMMMid UaM tlite MMoa, the eon«d7 or7A« 
 
 ■Iffltthmm ^h» tnrtiyie voMmm of Ui« nliht. md 
 
 mSSm ii'mmm-mifm ^ 
 
 ■ fST^S 
 
 ;:-!*,-,.: 
 ,...,, .. 
 
 ■IIHWIMklllftllitlltifeib 
 
 0« Wnmina* Maim i, IIKV «ii b# i f |) i > ii tf ' 
 
 T 
 
 ■J' 
 
 '^- •• ,! 
 
 fbrljMr|Ptiiii»;f » i itfri i f» ' 
 
 
 ■i"i*.''' -! '.:!•>■' 
 
 \-.,.!.--i,».-.y 
 
, Am iImv »/ dMMrk Mtrirr. 
 yfy im» vHl Mk ««f« MMftiM, 
 
 ^•^J^^BW^ ^^^PW AfiP^W BW^^r w Hi WM . 
 
 
 ,n soul' USBCllS 
 
 aoae li— ihtt Dluwr ihtw. 
 
 
 AMt MMMMliiigUl 
 
 TttJiHkwwii 
 
 fbrMiffclk 
 TsvtlltwaMk 
 
 T*hiipm 
 
 iite 
 
 fW Iot tAilMlf ImM. 
 
 tkintth 1 mM, 
 
 Mjr |«iMk iMhl 
 
 UldM'tMte' 
 
 A»dttettUt«Mi^ 
 1tlMy11«lMiaM?Mi 
 
 N.IC. 
 
 X'mjiol DOW ta 0M «M t 
 WttfDiti^wsmlM 
 
 No. XVIIL-^MONPAY, FRBRUABt fit, UiO. 
 
 •v.;-;!. ;V 
 
 
 ••.,'' , *>*/ 
 
 
 r-'-:i 
 
 w 
 
 t ' .»■»».• ■ ! 
 
 
 S«,'.v ■!---i*- 
 
 u 
 
 j. i>A*hT- 
 
 
 
 •' 
 
 
 
 m^fk 
 
 
 ^'U yoorGi. 
 
 V|^, 10 W^IHr« ft IH. tldi 1?1^ 
 
 Wt H MOQ u they open Cheir eji»,ti^t 
 
 bummers ordnunmen, or lome oOMrif 
 di4 iH% «Im^ I lHr*o Mora d wwifctd. 
 lUditr, ilMirafiM, Itan be «he immum ^ 
 rdU^ MorUMet of ooe hooi^ qttletduiaf 
 tfiediv, ItfilndiDg flNdtwithtolMdriile • 
 M»am mWoI Meep^ I dmll dhmlis 
 fhti pert «f like Ml^ irilh espnalMr ft 
 Uteri thii Mtte iBcbnit maj be wgMliarf 
 ^Mtyng ilMfte genHomni lo tteep vkkovl 
 miont^a Ptt4ins h vdjpit beof ed>MiM^> 
 itaft Wl|i«ft iliftiiwd to eseh of then ft ta»* 
 Mtv im» M «e an toM ty GtOHter, wm 
 fMitp«a^iftL9«itftbiire. taitwttfi$m 
 mariiiee «oiild emfybe trfthied to tUf i mg 
 i^M be hMtraeied to |!fe them ft fftM 
 iinprtbos tathe etf «t emi^nora, ftaa 
 fbratoHinooth ihcaftdowB* to n-eompftn 
 thfttti to deep, takfaig partieabr eftM, irhWi^ 
 gtnr dwt' pfwtiee lraftl4 eneble them to 
 ao, totteke ttMft Mfl the iloir ^kMf 
 •buplf, bat1»i^tiwaiMt6nmi|Mnik« 
 •bMiitdy ft««bofaiftliMi. 
 
 I now eotttilottipSniKra, whik bf jirm 
 neMM or other, hftre got eat of uiefr plMO 
 
 -»»»»•'. tots^mrS^" 
 
m 
 
 V 
 
 u 
 
 in my «ateloMe, ai OmrJi^^iM^ Jto Mne M' 
 lowed Uw^ioweni h n! mf$ }mmm* Uw 
 
 ofTenee tb«y give it ehidly J^ (m MMt. 
 
 Th^y are, however, M one ewi^titt fxint, 
 the vfry revene of iM Mo««»( bawMw, 
 vhcreu ibew last m jAwm mki§ their 
 pockt^t-hwidltemhkft, the SoMfcriMiraraM 
 anj , liUi perfoiMi the Mune olBoe more Mo- 
 nomieally, mort freqaentlj, mdl mart in 
 jiutioeadd» withs lew <ii«ti»ih«nee to othera 
 than ihowtreroendoin Coneh>Biowen. The 
 SnifTen liave been oiMerfnd toinereMtTery 
 mueh linee the UMoold wc«tfitr.Mt in, and 
 ttiereia, perhaps, tQme eieiMe tier tlMlb{ 
 bat I do hereby eiv» notiee that all GMffing, 
 after the 10th of aiareh, aaoat bc j on i idered 
 alnohitelj inadmiwUiir; apdlheSnilibnare 
 hereby required, in the iiirah time^ to pro- 
 vide tbemMlvee with a proo^r nmnberof 
 fcandkerehieft, and to blow tneir noaea like 
 gentlemen, after that date, on ptdu of be- 
 hig poMed for the nte-perormaaee of the 
 •aroc in the •neeoMWi week** newanaper. 
 
 Next in order on MfliM 1 tnd the Shnn- 
 nen, or aa my eorr^mQadent X. haadeno* 
 roinnted them, the DociyBleaimera. Tbeae, 
 Mr. Editor, are inde^ atHr. X. has ex> 
 pivwed it, - a daily and boorly ineomeni- 
 enee." Bat alai! wbat.ehanee ean uy ef* 
 fort of mine have or«orrt«U«f this noiqr 
 praatiee, .ii!l|eii.«feo a ef^^opest pabMy 
 made by the «omtD ider Of the expeditioo 
 In have merey on hiL< own door, and the ad- 
 johifaig balk.heads, hoa not yet had nj per- 
 eeptiUe eflket? It is not neeevary lbi-«M- 
 10 explain in what the art of the Buuamers 
 eonsiits, for t(ie word ainat^at on«e Mnvcy 
 tooar minde,wbt;oar e(m*^ inedMlaM* 
 If in the habit of cxperienaiQ|. But there 
 are some eireamttaneea attending the prae- 
 tiae of this ait, whiah my eonatant observe- 
 tioo haa msde me aeqaafaited with, and 
 wbMi yoof toadert w'dlk opM irM, IM to 
 
 It asaybe relJedon aa an laeoatroeeiitible 
 fwl, that the iioree wWi whiA tiM Siemmere 
 alMtt thedootfb js intended brnem, as hf 
 1lie.Baa|ert, to afmoaaee thearaflrivel ;.fi|>, 
 widbottt se«M sneh iamns, so important an 
 evootmi^passihly remtlnnnnotieed, and 
 fiirthiillMV would never liy ^ ve themselves. 
 Soaseef ibe.more invetertteof thb elii«k, 
 afterthiyhave stammed tkn . door wWI be- 
 ooosing energy, on entering 4an,d awhile to 
 «anre theaoaelves that all hands mw: mede 
 •ware of their eomiM t and then, and. not 
 tjlllhea, eomplaeenl^ take their seats. It 
 iaeoA»ab«cn remarked, Mr. Editor^ tlmt 
 Ittle people are more eonaeqaentild than 
 «Kote who ere taller. Whether this be the 
 •aae or not, 1 will net preteniltB determfa>e;t 
 h«t eertahi 1 am th«l» ■mUtTmj f!k« exin- 
 ttansblhe psat^popleaf ipmr eommtnfar 
 alass thadoort «e bnnM* f'^ ^ >lttN* 
 
 ^erM», and i|i|j»Qrdio| to th« |»piiUr notion, 
 to his eonseqoenoe altio, tbit I trtMlM bi0 
 boand to goem a man% height within' att 
 inch nr so, by the manner hi whtieh he shots 
 the door. P^rftipi, If >oa Jvmw my ovWi 
 T,ikM all 
 
 siie, yon v.'ohld allo# 
 foltowing (.rjseri^<ioo, 
 
 I have, in (h^ 
 i|^>tfaed Mil per» 
 
 aoMi reeling to « senii^ of jatlea and tritth. 
 Yoor King<Jolin% nwnj eomnranhr said to 
 
 nearare Mar' feet nothfaq^ eiiters with a tre- 
 mendcns slam,— like Jove he ei^rrfca liia 
 thnnder aboot with him? A neat dapoier 
 little fellow ef ive feet ttit«e tir Amr InaheB 
 makes the bt^eeds make egain. and what 
 is even worse, ^hie fll-nUHMMi Violehec^ 
 eeoaet the door to r»-eipe«i« so BnT lie Mm 
 and flnreteayoBM the attne that. Aswa 
 cettollve feet tdx, and IHMi that to ivo 
 feet ten, the deora are shot 
 ratelv; and a deeentalHedfeltow, Of 
 six feet or upward^ even of 
 conseqoenee, mw gik4n end oat of an B|Mnt- 
 ment and ssareefy be hitmniti* I'know orone 
 way, and only one, hi wMeh the Slammers 
 ean possibly be eared of their hebit. I have 
 beard of a dog having been broke.oT woity- 
 ing a eat by manlfaig him, and then letting 
 puasmr serateh his nose in seenrity. Mjr re- 
 eipe lor the Stammers it of Ae spme kiAd. 
 Let their heeds be aeeurdy end closely tied 
 to the most rattling i/oot i» eittMr ship^'thea 
 let two stoat men, oneoneeAsMe, beem- 
 rJoyedlbran hour hi opening and sbntting 
 the doMW es often and as hard as they al« 
 IM*; ::if Ms dosei taken three time* a dsry , 
 for one week, does not eare the most invete- 
 rate OMe in the history of this disesM, the 
 SkmiiiMrt Hmy. hMlec4 h^^ronomeed abao- 
 lutdy faieorrigible. 
 
 tnoweomete the Growlneb a very teas- 
 tag efaMs, of whom I had a good deel tosaj, 
 bet I Sm 1 have been anticipated by a more 
 aatirieal writer^ yoar |ast gayette, who took 
 oeeariOii to desaiM on this saltfesl, irheo^'la- 
 mentable to relate i the phw on board the 
 Heeb^wvue. i«atapok«d Jo proper time Ar 
 dfauMir, A# yiMV enrrespoodeBt ** A Spee* 
 tator,** mi^vhpm it in eontemplsiion t&re- 
 some.thii ftwMf e^ i n l je e t eta fiitnrc time,! 
 shall.very wHlpfly lenfe it In his haMlii.MM 
 a* Itaiqr yw MoTyoor rea d er s will bedb tm 
 think I MB agahi mebg tediewt I thriTre. 
 
 peat people the handl|M|e| alii Imtoed to 
 •saetlv iMtinortioaal tevt I fgniMHj iband 
 I dbor to be tt the siM of the 
 
 esrve the renilivMrisf my list to some o&er 
 time» ifkij assereydalhnveyetaslioise 
 coOf «tion. By way MrntMrthw pnigivm on 
 my hMt eommwiienllon, I ibairoo^ at pre- 
 aeiit add that one nose>blower ' has been ce- 
 elaimodt bat nother b se bed as vrw. I 
 havertM^nd tiro, whirtler* stifle tlMb> tones in 
 the mkUte, and thoy mav therefore be mA 
 lohelMilfeorMeledinthiarMM. . 
 
 1lMB«i4»n M Iwgh •t«yiekt( bat 
 dn«,<CUie (Msi^jiml of them.tlote notiMt iko 
 eep M Itia owflSfM!^ IbrwtAh It wis ^Uim 
 intmidM. MoeipMHidment is yet tierechpA 
 hi the Haeipm of tNpmML and 1 Iheia- 
 fc(« ti«a Mtfap td UM said Hiaavaenii iinl 
 
67 
 
 iihiiK'Mi 
 heth«U 
 
 ,U tiw 
 m peir- 
 id truth. 
 Mid to 
 • tre- 
 rrkw hi* 
 
 !,; 
 
 vUm 
 indwhit 
 
 he«im 
 . At#« 
 t to fvo 
 
 reiaodfe- 
 
 towofoBe 
 lUunnen 
 t. Ihat» 
 Df.woriy- 
 «« letting 
 , My re- 
 in* kiiMi. 
 lowiyUed 
 •hip, then 
 te, bedoi- 
 t thHttiag 
 « they are 
 
 ioitinTete- 
 
 •eue, the 
 iMed 
 
 wiytew 
 
 MltOMJ. 
 
 hfmw 
 yvhotoofc 
 
 tboHdthe 
 crthDote 
 "ASpce* 
 ■lidiitore- 
 aretinM«t 
 
 Mhiidiat* 
 IdhdTra. 
 othw 
 
 ctaeheiM 
 
 nUati 
 ■ Dcen 
 
 ■tpt*' 
 
 n«e- 
 Merer. I 
 strtnaethk 
 
 MAlHltlU 
 
 
 mfutn MA 
 
 Dnwitaer*, that m thej ire unanimoodf 
 deeland to be the greatest beet, exeept the 
 Slammen, which ourtablei Mve, thejr matt 
 either raend their aiannen,or ezpeet to be 
 handled more Mveralv in aome future eom- 
 nuuieation. 
 
 From your obedient atfrvant, 
 
 Ta the Editor qfthemnter Chnnick. 
 
 Mm, Borron— At 1 , via paaiing one of 
 the cabins the other day, my eara were sa- 
 luted by auoh an eitfMi«dinaiy medley of 
 iDurmuring sonnds, that I eoald not for 
 the life of ne, ahkoogh aveiie to sueh prae- 
 tiees, refrain from peeping in. If my won- 
 der was before excited , how mooh greater 
 vras it upon finding the eaUn, exeept iu ntnal 
 furniture and a redAe<«Aot, perfectly empt:^' 
 
 After refleetiogv a few momenta on thia 
 curbua bhenoraenonl, the enigma was at 
 length solved by my^reedlecting to have resd 
 of some travdwrs whose voices fn»e during 
 the winter, and on the return of milder wea« 
 ther. formed a similar concert. Being now 
 satisfied that the sounds were caused by the 
 inflnenee of the ted-het shot on the surround- 
 ing atmosphere,! entered theeabin,and en- 
 joyed one of the most delightful half hours 
 you can possibly imagine. 
 ^ The words were uttered, if I may be al- 
 •oved the expression, in a soft lausieal ci- 
 denee, and being lengthened out very much 
 hy the gradual process of thawing, and occa* 
 l)ionally interspersed, with aq^s and mteriec- 
 tioosipradaeed such wild and sc>^ithing hap> 
 mony, that my senses were soon lulled htto 
 • most deticioua torpor. The tones, to be 
 nue, were sometimes broken by harsh and 
 ^iMonant notea, bat for the moat part their 
 IQ^od^ aboadanlly compensated for those 
 trifling aunoyfeuees. 
 
 I .w,uh it vaa in aay power to give you an 
 adequate idee of this aKrial concert; but as it 
 would be vaht to attetjipt such a task, I shall 
 oootcot myself with tubjoinfaig a short speci- 
 pwn of the language, leaving the rest^your 
 " "^' "'.loo.- ■■■,-■ '^ --■ . 
 
 sndeat oiW— In shady graves- -4ieigh 
 Do!>-i>b^t pregeny of Jove«M>itte times 6 
 ia Si-^llts hero fired— iRntal eharms— Hea- 
 veoa vaat «^Mave^«bqand in firm ice the 
 fetteMd stt:Aa«~pshaw!— flour and suet for 
 491' 4*} e->Mr. Editor-' 
 
 Soft was the luktre of her heavenly eye, 
 like the mild splendour of ah aretio shy— 
 
 Coals two eh*ldrons*<-alaa! wo la me— can- 
 dles— «fter-4)old-'^on—Contri-Mlo!~fa— 
 oe.'* At the shot eooled^ the word* gradu- 
 ally lengthtoti, and betfatte Incoherent ; 
 then wen only half ^nraalcd ; knd at length 
 the sound finally ce*nog, all li^as hbihed in 
 ail«o6e. 
 
 It has frequently been the subject of re- 
 gret with me sinae, that from the want of 
 talent, I lost so fine an opportunity of fur- 
 nishing something for the last week^ paper ; 
 it is, indeed, a pi^ some others of vonr eor- 
 responikmts were not present who, oy exert- 
 ing a little oC their wonted ingenuhy, mMt 
 soon hfive collected materials enough Ibr 
 either poetry or pi'oae, and rendei ^d their 
 apologies nnneeestary, beridesfiHingthe half 
 sheet which the disappointed community 
 was deprivied of by the frigidity of the weal- 
 ther. 
 
 However, should their wits fail them upon 
 any future oecssioa, a gloving loggerhead 
 placed in any of the eabins, which probsA>ly 
 you can point out, will not foil of supplying 
 abundant atoie of elegant, witty, and Bril- 
 liant deaa. 
 
 I remain , Mr. Editor, 
 Your most obedient, 
 
 PeifikoTok. 
 
 For the Winter Chrmiicle. 
 BBFLBCTIONS 
 
 OCOASIOIIKD BT THE n»X AT TBB UBSnVA- 
 
 ' lOHTHorsijATVrnrrEBHABBom, 
 nsanrAKTSi, 18i20. 
 
 THTmeroies^O Eternal King! ' 
 
 Still guard the creatures of thy powV, 
 
 Thy glories wbnd'ring angels sing. 
 Thy goodneu marks tlw pauing boor. 
 
 Dark, fcymleis chaos at thy word 
 
 Sohmiisive into order roll'd. 
 Thy httid the new creation stored, 
 ' And deckVi the skies with living gold. 
 
 Eaehfleetfeg ancment meaks thy love, 
 Our ev'nr pu^lse proclaims thy grace ; 
 
 To distant lands if W{B remove. 
 We still thy Ibving-kbdness trace. 
 
 When home upon the qorthern bhut 
 Was heard the dismal cry of fire, 
 
 Aehin^lro*ev'rytK)som paasM, 
 A naniie|[eas horror, deep anddfat. 
 
 But hope again each ere illumed, 
 Twas hot our ships Involved in flaitie t\' 
 
 The labottri of our hands consuoMed, 
 Tet we survive, td praise thy name. 
 
 At such a time the scene how dread ! 
 
 Keen frost pervading all the air, 
 Had quickly number'd with the deiw] 
 
 The few the elementa might i^are. 
 
 Thou Great Supreme, Almighty Lord|, . 
 
 Preserve us sue -ironi ev'ry ilL > 
 Thy foardian pretence still afford*. 
 
 Arid let us taste thy bounty still ! 
 
 When« at thy hod, the doom-born flame. 
 Shall burst the womb of ending time. 
 
 May Jejid^ merit icive us claim 
 1 dwell with Thee in worlds tubtimet. 
 
r t 
 
 / 
 
 m 
 
 USES SUGGESTED Bt THE DEATH OF A GULL, 
 
 woo WAM BI7BVT IH THS tlBI WHICB BBOKI OUT IK TO OBSnTATOBT ■OnC. 
 
 Vmunt gall, tby laekleu end 
 
 May alitiMt olmim i tear ; 
 And Uiof lb air that will attend 
 
 III make the matter elear. 
 
 I feel, Hb tme, lome lenae «f piin 
 Your mflPlrings to review i 
 
 But aueh regrets are ever vain^— 
 Min Jenny Gvll—adien ! 
 
 Thr paivnta on'Uie Ma-waahM heaeh 
 iTeil, piened bjr fatal lead t 
 
 In rain from awift ponaei'a reaeh 
 Thywif and brother fled. 
 
 WtMttho' denied aloft toaoar, 
 Orakiim.the wateranmnd ; 
 
 Yon both upon North Georpa'b shore 
 Pea-soup in plenty found. 
 
 Yet food afibrds but atnall delight 
 When aquabblea break our reat; 
 
 And John and you would often fight. 
 The cause youraelvea knew beat. 
 
 fiat Johnny died— and this Utst souroe 
 
 Of pleasure with him fell. 
 When dire ennui's all^retfU; force 
 
 Did in your bosom swell. 
 
 AtHength the ftital mom arrires. 
 
 Unusual flames aseend : 
 Had you poaaeas'd an hundred livea. 
 
 They all had found an end. 
 
 Por the Winter Chronick. 
 
 A PHILOSOFtoC REVEIllE. 
 
 Poo* utter'd renwmtaof ay wash, 
 Tbo* yoa no move my thoiiUenfraee ; 
 
 Ycxpithm w«dd appear a9 i«sb» 
 I must pnt on a amHiBg faee. 
 
 Some taiMeaa-^ill -leu some, 1 find. 
 Some collar^ieaa and armTless to(^ 
 
 Seme quite to tMcr acoreb'd b«id«4> 
 And all wilLineaidiiv want,; with new. 
 
 I'is very true the ahhta are gone. 
 But what are they. If aafe the akin ! 
 
 Some skins Pn lost, but there is one 
 Yet safe and sound— tad thiit I'm rp !. 
 
 1 viewM the blaze, and bit My thotnba^ 
 Then heaved a aelentifie sigb } 
 
 But since the elicfchi^ pendnluittS' 
 Are saved— 111 no«r to dkiner fly. 
 
 No. XIX.~MONDAT, MABCtL 6, 1820. 
 
 To the Editer of the WMer Chrtnide. 
 
 Tas ery of Beform having reached even 
 to North Georgia, 1 shall reqneStof you to 
 exert your interest with Z. in iw behalf, 
 trusting that the eommiserathio' «Ueh my 
 ease mUsl <ixoits, wi^ fndoed hitt to adwt 
 measures fpr dBeeting its speedy amend- 
 ment. Von roust know then, that I am very 
 fond of telling a good story, or what i» teeh- 
 nically ^lied "apipuing a Tont;" have 
 doubled the Cape, been at rulo Penang;, 
 Palambang, Tanjong„Goooting, B^ngi|lore, 
 Cannanore, and moat of the pulo'a, banga 
 and Qirea in the Indian and Ubfata aeAa. 
 
 What I have to complain of 4a thia--liav- 
 ing finished what I believe to:be a very mar- 
 veiloos atory,i up risea oneflf these igentlc- 
 mc^, whom I shall distinguish by the appel- 
 lation of a walking phehomenon, vh$. not 
 having doubled the Cape, is not aprtmged 
 man, i^nd relates something similAr, but 
 three times more extraordinary, ttiiA imme- 
 diately robs roe of that awe and admiration 
 which we Cape men are alone ebtitled to. 
 
 Now, Mr. Editor. 1*11 l«tve tttoyour im- 
 partial judgment, whether my esuie does not 
 ieserve notice. Pray, do all you cau for 
 
 me irith Zf.and.use ybur editorial infltienee 
 And aothority to hy these anquallfled won- 
 der>moonrii' 
 Iain, Sir, 
 
 Yooi' obedient Servant, 
 
 Naibait LtOHti^aow. 
 
 Tothe EOim-t^the iTiater Cknnkk. 
 
 Mt Dkab Sta-^aptlvated bf dM^eiiea- 
 ey, the wwpiiaitM. lwntinMBt,'awil <thetel(der- 
 nesefor4hefeeli4g*of otbm, ^isplMed by 
 4hb ehami^ Mr. Z., Ibef, th«wg|toyaiir 
 means, to Tmplpra <the pubUeation of his 
 essays in a sapar«te*ftnB, and that my name 
 mav be placed al the ihead-of the Ust df Sub- 
 scribers, to ensure me the estimation of the 
 piAlie, whieb be bas so4iberaiiy endeavour- 
 ed to prooure for bis eompanipos.. 
 
 I remain, my dear Sir, Your ever-obliged 
 
 7b (he E(Btor iff the fHiasrChronicte. 
 
 Mr; EotTOA— Lest you or your readen 
 should think I have anv thing to do with 
 your corrcspoudent who lias thought proper 
 
69 
 
 llE. 
 
 Unt 
 
 hJmi,, 
 itli new. 
 
 e. 
 
 ■kill! 
 I one 
 I'inrp! 
 
 r 
 
 fly. 
 
 ->'a 
 
 {•I iiiiliveoee 
 ualtfiied woo- 
 
 mt, 
 
 dmmtik. 
 
 il'UiiB'teiider- 
 4HplM«db]r 
 
 Mtion ef iiis 
 htt my mne 
 leUatOfkob- 
 lution of the 
 r codcftveur- 
 II*. 
 
 e*er«obliged 
 .Ekslt. 
 
 Chronicle, 
 
 jaae readerr 
 { to do with 
 ought proper 
 
 to aname mj ii|Kaatan in your lut Number, 
 ■ndwho teems io be lOwellTened in the 
 art of extraeting, not only lenie, but *< abun- 
 dant ttorf €f efepnt, witty, and brilliant 
 idcaa,** from loflRrheadt, I bq;todiielaim 
 all knowledge of or eonnexioo with him, 
 and tft ■dbaenbe royaelf a* bclbre. 
 Your obedient Sertant, 
 
 Pnnve-ToK tbx F»r. 
 
 To the EtHtor of the Winter Chnmele. 
 
 SiK— Being one of thote who have felt it 
 my duty to contrfliute^y mite oeeuionally 
 towards Ailing the eolurons of yoor Gazette, 
 I have been desiroat tor these two or three 
 weeks past, to drop something into your 
 box, and have therefore essayed to write an 
 article, but in vidn ; the severe eold weather 
 whieh called fordi the apologie; of your 
 more constant correspondents, in the last 
 Number hot one, has so cramped the few 
 ideas which I possess^ that I liare been ren- 
 dered ti tally ioeapaUe of producing any 
 thing. Ukier these circumstances, I be- 
 eame a^pret insive lest the same cause pro- 
 doeing simihr effects upon our community 
 in general, f hould leave your pages blank, 
 and deprive us of oar usual Monday morn- 
 ing's entertainment. Guess, then, the re- 
 lief whieh my anxietv felt on finding this 
 dreaded vacuum so ably filled up by me ef- 
 fusions of " a riowing l(qa(erhead !" 
 
 I eoofesf, Mr. Editor, that since my re- 
 sidence in North Georgia, 1 have been 
 mightily taken with the sp^ty of those self- 
 ' same loQ^erheads, and have used my best 
 endenviturs to obtain them as guests in my 
 eal4d ta frequently as possible. It is true, 
 they are in general much addicted to irony, 
 hut when warmed into a proper temper by 
 the neighbourhood of a good eonl-fire, they 
 become the moat agreeable eompanions that 
 can bo conceived, and I boldly venture to 
 aflSrte, there is not a man of sense in our 
 whole community Who does nnt feel plea- 
 sjtre fai receiving a visit from one of the 
 Icggerhead tribe, when their noddles are 
 thoi heftted to a glowing temperature. 
 
 Bat, Mr. Editor, hijpily as I appreciate 
 thdti^ tilents in diffusing warmth and cheer- 
 fulAcM to all «^ho come within the sphere 
 of their genial influence, I could not help 
 expressing the most Agreeable surprise on 
 finding tiiat one of them had not only sur- 
 passed the rest, but actually outstripped all 
 others df our community by producing 
 "such wild and soothing harmony^" as 
 tended to " lull the senses mtn a most deli- 
 oiotts torpor !'» Altbongh the coolini; pro- 
 cess, I presume, oansed much of the irm^ I 
 have before sp<Acen of, to be mixed up with 
 the wit and good-horooor contained m the 
 dii^inted sentences which " Peeping Tom" 
 has transcribed, they are nevertheless, no 
 amusing, that I equMly regret with himself, 
 the cause by which he was prevented from 
 
 giving us more of them. As, however, the 
 ice Ubrakea, the thawing process will, in 
 all prababililT, eontinoe; wad as Peeping 
 Tom's acquaintance with the Loggerheads 
 who afforded us this afirial concert, will ena- 
 ble him to keep a watch upon them, 1 hope 
 to see many of your tutnre columna filled 
 by effusions of the same kind, in which 
 (contrary to what might have been reason- 
 ably expected,) diere ia neither perversion 
 of sense, nor invgrtioa of sound, but an ex- 
 cellent substitute for the themes which were 
 « nipp'd i' (he bod" by the frigidity of the 
 weather, and which rendered necessary the 
 applogies of so many of your Correspon- 
 dents^ among which I beg may "be ineluiwd 
 Yoar obedient Servant, 
 
 Ton Pxmn-AT. 
 
 Fvrthe Winter Chronicle. 
 
 HTPEBBOBBAN 80F0BIVICS. 
 
 No sylvan scenes around me lie. 
 
 That can my MusC incite 
 From famed Parnassian regions high ^ 
 
 to wing her hasty flight. 
 
 But in my cabin's snag receu. 
 
 She sometiiucs di}i||ns to sit,^ 
 Descant upon da- V i inter's dress, 
 
 Or sharpeu np m ; wit. 
 
 And now I feel the ^v i i ' in8{>*ro 
 
 The co^. «• » of tt > jead , 
 Creating in m) bra'', .'< .t- e. 
 
 To sing an > r -t'f ben. 
 
 When fr>m the i^jf^n^ hbars of day 
 
 Ihatcn'" xspas. 
 The cold :.■;».• of no delay, 
 
 In ta^pg off tiiy elcthe^ 
 
 Propared at lengft, a diiv'iiig wight, 
 
 Quick into bed I leap. 
 And 'ncfttb six blankets' combrous weight, 
 
 Compose myself to nleep. 
 
 O'er all togn&ird from fhMty air 
 Is stretch'd a wolfs warm hide. 
 
 Which I, w a more than comnion care 
 Took in on either aide. 
 
 In woollen wrapt o'er head and ears 
 
 I snore till moraing-Ii^ht, 
 While dreaming fanc^ olten n. <irv 
 
 A scene of past delight. 
 
 But at my door the servant stops, 
 "Sir, 'tis almost seven beils;" 
 
 Then in a light he quickly pops. 
 Which every fancy quells. 
 
 The drowsy yawn which still preoedw 
 
 Ere off our sleep wc shake. 
 Against liie ict my elbow leads, 
 
 And shivers me awake. 
 A moment then in state I lie, 
 
 All tikoughu of slumber lost ; 
 While beauteous crysUls m«et mf eyo 
 
 In varied work* of firost. 
 
 f- 
 
70 
 
 I'l 
 
 Illnmined by the eandle't njra 
 
 They deek rojr enbin'i top, 
 Bnt feeling foon the heated U«xe 
 
 They liquety and drop. 
 
 O ! more than eaatern luxury. 
 
 Without the artbtli aid. 
 In shover-bAth to mollify, 
 
 At eaie m haply laid ! 
 
 But hark I thatnoiie! ea«h elanging C{up 
 
 And uueer, rattlea nrand t 
 The signal heard, I'm qoiakly lip. 
 
 And toon at breakfast found. . 
 
 Faito-SoMmm. 
 
 NOTICE TO COSBEBPOmiBRTf. 
 
 We have toapologiae to oar Correapoa- 
 dent Z for the aeoidental omiwion inoorlaat 
 week's PapeVt of an acknowledgment vhieh 
 we had designed to make, hi consequence of 
 having felt oorselvea anoer the neceuit^ of 
 omitting a section of hia seeood communica- 
 tion. 
 
 We hope he will favour the PuUie with 
 hia promised continuation. 
 
 No. XX.— MONDAY, MARCH 18, 1820. 
 
 To tfie Editor of the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 Si» — ^The very flattering encouragement 
 which 1 met with in your last Number, not 
 only from yourself but from two or three of 
 your Correspbndents, has made me venture 
 another letter into your box. Authors are 
 naturally as proud of their productions as a 
 mother is of her children ; but nobody but 
 authors can conceive the rapture expe- 
 rieneed on hearing their woriu praised by 
 the public, and especially by the soiliir sex. 
 
 Such was the rapture your hdmble servant 
 Z expctienocd on reading Emily's ilwrtbat 
 sweet epistle in your last Gazette. Publish 
 my essays in a separate vokime ! Dear orea> 
 tnre, to be sore I will ! What can Z rafhss 
 his Emily ? Pray, Mr. Editor, endeavour to 
 fish her residence oat for me, and she shall 
 have the two first copies tlwt come from the 
 press ! But I liad almost forgotten roypurr 
 pose— perhaps wom'M, rharraiag woman — 
 will be a sufficient apology. 
 
 I do not quite nnderstand whether 70a re- 
 ceived a net from tne on the subject of tiw 
 omission of a part of one of my cocBmontca'*, 
 tions, to which omiaikm you have alludcti in 
 your last^week's paper. In that note, , I 
 think, I said that perhaps my commonica- 
 tiona were too long for yonr purpose ; and, 
 as you have not taken qny notice. of this, I 
 conclude thnt you have danced it r,v«r with 
 your uoual courtesy, an«f shall take yonr hint 
 accordingly, by making tills letter of a more 
 moderate length than my former ones. If 
 1 do not mistake, some of your readers will be 
 mueh obliged to roe for this- new arrange- 
 ment, by which I shall be obliged to con- 
 fine jnyself to a brief 4iescri|Hion of' the 
 Stampert, ftnlass of people wiio are distin- 
 gnishcd Wf the loudness and frequency of 
 tlieir stamping when tliey first enter our 
 npartmenU, and for some time afterwards. 
 The Stampers ma^ say their ii^ea are cold, 
 but it is no such thmg, Mr. Editor, take my 
 vord for.lt. Ten times in ekswen that they 
 lliusdiolorb us, llicirtoes are warm enough ; 
 beeides, if we admit tliis e.vcuse for titt: 
 
 Stampers, I suppose the Drummers will tell 
 us tmir fingers are cold, and tlie Snorers 
 that |hey sleep to keep their eyes warm ; .'it 
 all events I tlunk, the least the Stampers can 
 do, L to haver their stamping oat on deck, 
 where, during the cold weatlier» they are 
 certainly privileged to exercise Uwir art to 
 the full extent of their wishes, as long m 
 they keep before the main-mast. 
 
 I rather :hink, however, that if this prae* 
 tice could b«) banished from our apartraenta, 
 the sum tptisi of stamp^.g woulil be much 
 reduced; foi,yoa must know, M^. Editor, 
 I have reason to sospeet that the motive ia 
 generally the same as that by which thus, 
 fiaagera, Slaminers, &c., are actuated. In 
 short, that it is cinly another ingenkws expe- 
 dient for announcing to us, in a way irnich 
 cannot possibly eacape notioe, the actunl ar- 
 rival orthe por^ concerned. 
 
 Bnt.itia time for me to re;;Mirt progress. 
 Alas! what progreai Inve I to report ! 1 see 
 no improvemont exeepting a slirat amend- 
 ment in the fVhiitkr; who, by-the-by,^ lam 
 sorry to hear, are nining the languiahiog 
 sentimontal style of the Hummers. 
 
 Th^ Drummers indeed, liave'fehcwnsone 
 signs of a new pest which they are prepar- 
 ing tor us; not satisfieil with wbat (neir 
 fingers can perform upon the tables, I hiave 
 heard a foot or two at work nnJer them for 
 some time pnst, by which a sort of tattoo 
 lias been produoeil, almost as melodious as 
 the other. If the Drumroers mean to con- 
 tinne this, they ought in common decency, 
 to sit without shoes, that their tapping may 
 not disturb us. The Slanuners are wm'se 
 than ever, but until my remedy has been 
 fairly trietl, they must not be pronounced 
 inooiTigible. The Snorers snore less, hot 1 
 fear I have done mischief, for they alup less 
 also. 
 
 AfroompiimcntRto " Nathan l/mg-bow," 
 and I will take his case into consideration, 
 iHtspeeting the ffonder-wot^ffart. 
 
 If my Tricnd <' A Spectator,'* does not 
 give the Orowlert a hint or two, it will be a 
 greut pity { for, our late hardsMpt havtt 
 
71 
 
 bat 1 
 
 broni^t them oat, u a wtrm no doM the 
 flies in tpriog. 
 
 Beat lore to Bmilr, from her eonitant 
 slave, and Your obedieot Senrant J 
 
 Z. 
 
 To the Editor of the Winter Chroniele. 
 
 Mr. EoiTOR^-I hare to request 70U will 
 allow me a short spaee in jour eolumnii, to 
 make the aoologjr to Peefntir-Tom ^ftrt, 
 whieh the crossness of mj oflenee demabds) 
 and I beg tr jtsure him, thatwbml as- 
 snmtd his title, my seeondsrj right to it was 
 omitted purelr from inadverteney, sod not 
 from the slightett wish to claim any eon- 
 neitioti with him. To tell you the truth, 
 (between ourselre^ for I would not have it 
 generally known,) I quite tOrgot the exist- 
 ence of that pre-enunent personage. Sic 
 tranrit gloria numdi. 1 am. Sir, 
 
 Your roost obedieAt 8ei vnnt, 
 Psunro'Tox •not Sxcohd. 
 
 To the Editor of the Winter Chronicle. 
 
 Sib— ^Uavlng aeeidentaliy heard it mmoar« 
 ed, that it is in eootemplatioo to send oif a 
 oertab number of balloons, with letters oon- 
 tainidg an account of our situation, &c., it 
 has occurred to me, that it wtwjid le a good 
 opportunity of conTey'jg also to England a 
 eopyofthe Winter Chronicle, by which our 
 frieuda might Lo informed before-hand, iu 
 what manner we h.y endeavouivd to drive 
 away themmaof mter in North Georgia. 
 Indeed, I know no mode of conveyance to 
 exactly acited to moat of the productiohs 
 which ill the pages of your Joomal. There 
 are msay which being, as the writers con- 
 tess, <• the lightest things imaginable," are 
 peculiarly fit for thiskindof travelling: and, 
 1. think it is not impossible, thai some of your 
 «orres|M»dents, if requested, m%iit furnish 
 an article or two light enough to assist the 
 halloou m their aerial voyage, so as to eco- 
 nomise the infiammabhi gas^ which, with 
 the heavier prodnetions, must, as yoa wilt 
 readily allow, be used in profuse abuadanee. 
 Even the heaviotof them, haarever, fnight 
 perhaps, with good manmement, and a Tit- 
 tle clipping and eortailki^ liia made to rise 
 much abmre the level wbfeb has hitherto 
 been assigned to them hj your readers; but 
 whether this is expeebng -too much of tbt 
 inflammable air, I leav^ to your more scieii- 
 tifio correspondents to determine. 
 
 Such communications as consist of high* 
 flown language, lofty conceptions, elevated 
 sentiments, esc, will find themaetves quite 
 at home when thus conveyed among the 
 clouds: and our poets who kindly furnish 
 (heir weekly quota of rhymesfor our amuse- 
 ment, and who have hitherto bad the morti- 
 ficatiun to see their woi^s confined to earth, 
 like mere vulgar proee, may now hope to 
 behold the effiwts w (heir respeetive muses, 
 keep pace with the most poetical imagina- 
 tion, and soaring aloft into « Heaven's vast 
 
 coneave,*' take a U|||Mr fight thaa avtn 
 Pegasus himself ever attemptad. In pur- 
 suance of the Bhm whkb I have hen pro- 
 posed, it would be adding mmh to the obli- 
 gation you have already conferred upon the 
 puUie as Editor of the Gnsetle, if you woald 
 employ a few of your leisure moments, ia 
 seleetmg sueh articles fhmi your eolamns 
 as appear to yoa best qualified for the re- 
 spective purposes of carrying or being car- 
 ried : and it will naturally occur to you, that 
 the fairest way of exeaatmg this useful pro- 
 ject will be to tack a light and a htavy one 
 in the same pan :l, and thus to coosign them 
 to the atmosphere. For example, if the 
 letter of Z, in your last Number bat on* 
 which wu universally allowed to be a heavy 
 one,, and that of « N. C", in a former one, 
 were pinned into one bundle, there would, 
 perhaps, be little left for the gas to do. 
 And so of many others, which your inge- 
 nuirv will easily enable you tt> couple in a 
 simuar manner. 
 
 I ain,8ir. 
 
 Your most bbedient, 
 
 HujkMx Hiaa-nna. 
 
 To the Editor of the Winter Chroniele. 
 
 Mr. EDnoBr-If I was gratified by the 
 visits whrh were paid to our ahips this time 
 last year, whe.: in the river, how much'more 
 so was 1 '.c this desolate place, to meet |my 
 friend £i.r Partia- Thaw, under the stem on 
 Tuesday lai^:. I gave hiir an invitatien to 
 stay, but he said ihat he renetted his visit 
 must be short, for he was ooligbd to attend 
 in othet pliices; and, whde he assured m« 
 that it was with great reluctance he left as, 
 he was so deeply cfieeted. thtit tue natural 
 warmth and goodness ot hu beart overflow, 
 ed, and trickled down upon the snow. He 
 had been upon ths lower deck, he said, but 
 finding his near relatioB, General Thaw, en- 
 gaged the attentioa of every body, he had 
 taken his leave for a short time. 
 
 I WM going to pay the General a visi^ 
 when a dewerate Motest arose between Shr 
 Partial and General Frost. It appeared 
 that the latter had so long occupied the 
 spate under the stern, that ^ deemed Sir 
 Partial's visit an intVingement on his prero- 
 (.> live, and that Sir Partial, from dictates of 
 numanity, was desirous of expelling him 
 iVoin his post, and ridding the shipsof a very 
 'Usagreeuble and intruding visitor, who, he 
 said, was not contented with remaining o*- 
 ' the upper deck, but, on finding a diffienl^ 
 in getting down the hatchways, had had the 
 impudence to creep in at the cabin window. 
 The General was <H>durate, and Sir Partial 
 finding knock-down argumenti did not suc- 
 ceed, endeavoured by gentle means to soften 
 tlie Crencral into ocnpliance, ami was so 
 successful, ihat he was content to scuik be- 
 hind a eadt fbr a considerable time, until 
 Sir Parti».l was gone, when he stole out bj 
 degrets. N. 
 
 ih: 
 
t2 
 
 
 JDrwi 
 
 To Ik hi bid MiA BBcditale, 
 And tten « ic£e«i <. iCcipate, 
 UbtU ny )>-«>' *^"^ pkipHaut* 
 
 WNn«' ! hi- * ««• rfuikhif, 
 
 " I' . ' /» , .tiD4iBi»b«]r«iid'm««Mre. 
 
 Wfc-v ^? ->. 'i"" •^<Mt we whining, ; , , „ 
 iifld fci^itt -.'f ^^en deellnlng, 
 What kcj ; »;»« sr «m repiningT 
 
 T^wstiii-ge, and trust above! 
 
 rdiucof*. 
 God is our thield dcTcnriTo 
 Thronghoat the irorid eztouive, 
 ma uerBf eompvllMMWo, 
 
 P in er ft it wr wawttwt Ioto. 
 
 ■idBid haiMUpc ofcrtake ai, 
 IM, thov Mr WHiger ahake m, 
 Olt^Ckid-wUlJie'erforMkeaa, 
 Wiko worketh iJl Ar good ! 
 
 WhWi p«rila bid difinnae 
 To iMlman aklQ and aeicHM, 
 On-Amhe ot! nrlianoe 
 
 Who r^iad'fbr oa bia ItlcHtd ' 
 
 80NOFBOM THE NORTH-WBaT PASSAf E. 
 
 WRITTEN BY MR. WAKBHAM, 
 
 Am amro bt ki^ rAsuB. 
 I. 
 FiBCvrst to the land where the winter w^re paat, 
 Tlw akipa all a^ant>to, we leave it at laat, 
 Wh^b onr bofi^a are awcUlog 
 For|pcd« of renown i ■ . , ^ ^ 
 
 Beneath UwSraftUB hovjring the e«M wyVe defied. 
 We've ttiop'd for our h^lth o^^ Ae fihn fixnen tide, 
 Attdncvt&Tk(!«pii^il9«heerfnliie(|*atiU, , ... 
 
 £at our nv>, drank onr grog, vriUi flMHuty good will, 
 ^ lute oar hoaona were awelhaft , 
 . For doeda of renown., r^'i*',^! ■, 
 
 Tift MMr^hen the aon in thh ^•^ion r'lika low, 
 " Thebeorainkoalonf nap— ■!>«:■ we oh; ant aiH ••- 
 
 WMIc our boioaa -. « v£ aweiiiaf 
 
 FordoodaofronOw^u 
 We had aao# tt^bo aoltad, <iv^ dinner waodreM,^ 
 We M becf^tt be l«f»«'4, aou 'twaaaoaw af the beat : 
 Blit what moat I adiidiMa, while we wanted du. light» 
 Ww'thojgMl^^yBBiiid oa '0««e « fint-night, 
 
 While <lirMaomi were iiweUiag 
 
 FtordeedaofreMwn. 
 
 ■ n.; 
 
 ]beforekwaadaikiatl|iadeadif|»nflt, ._# 
 1 he deer catne around m, and died bf QOr WK, 
 
 While oar boanna were awelling 
 
 For deeds of renown. . 
 With venison and beef, we eared not the lea«t 
 Fur the famed tattle amp of an alderman's " 
 A flavor Uvea well, if he geubut enough 
 or Boaaething anbstantial, or tender or tou^, 
 
 Whtto our boinwa are awelling 
 
 For ^eda of renown. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Kow the 4|H|8^^*" retum'd, well midi on #lUioitt fear, 
 And prove to oar ooontr;- that while ijing we^, 
 
 9ti}| onr bdaoeu were'jweding . , 
 
 For deeds of reno^-n. 
 
 * Tho motto apm the binwole of the Heela. 
 
 ■*i 
 
<# 
 
 ^ 
 
 If ioe ihoald impede m, oar promw tbo* dov. 
 Well adTaww alt we,«M| V w ipd» fail m weMltow i 
 irohanoeU un on«i«d,oar«lif««rMkM iJeag 
 Shall follow uc eloM, md well tnne op a aong, 
 
 While our boaoim m aweUkii 
 
 For deeda of reoown. 
 
 V. 
 
 
 wnms mtmktei, and doehMCaM Hom, 
 j^ w?nPMltfie bright Unh ef Hm man, 
 
 T|i» 
 How_ 
 
 WMIe oar boaoaw »re I 
 
 For deeda of reaoWn; 
 That Aewa oa H;ain«at leved rode oToor iala» 
 Where aroaAd na mt whrea and aar<liMl»«|Mi.aaiUe. 
 Andrewarda that await M retamld Snm aiw, 
 ttmt how wvmly OU Engiaikl laatMdbora the «ar» 
 
 Whin our teaoOa are aweUieg 
 
 Itr deeda of renowD. 
 
 SONG FROM TfiE NORTH-WEST fASBASiE. 
 
 WBITTKN B7 MB. WAJLEBJLiA, 
 
 Am vna Bt km. oonnrEB. 
 Txmtr-^ Come cheer vp, my ladt." 
 I. 
 At laat brother tare here we are a;t the straiit, 
 And 4ie faned Kortb-weat PaiH^ ia tra^erMed eomplete ; 
 O'erlbe wMeiolUne wavwtothe aootbward wellitoer, 
 And Wii«Mf m^ i*.tbe land of good eheer. 
 In ttie iee of tka nan^ J^ntUi heaeto were our own, 
 Siillaeelwg for glory, 
 Fanoplainatorf, 
 W«'w gaia'd (ptr Old Eogitna new waya of renown. 
 
 II. 
 
 >Mid.darkness and «tor«n» a longe* winter we rtay M, 
 WtiOe the eryitalliied oeean oar efferta dday*d^ 
 Till aammer retnrning HP^n ibt as free. 
 And <»«»'d <(fe« **y to t»»t »«f WMtem aea. 
 In the ioe of ^ north Britiih heart* were oar own, 
 Sttll seel^ns for f^ory, 
 jfamoua.in rtoiy, 
 WeVe gnin^lbr 0*d Ifoglaadnew iraya 4^ renown. 
 
 lit 
 
 What feenngt of pteaanve, what jojra iMI expmd, 
 When onee more we't-o Hearing, fair Atbicn, thy strand j 
 Ikli^ted our boHwni whh tnmsport'ibai nwell, 
 Andfondiy each toogae rf itt happinen tell. 
 In the iM of the nwth Briti* heartt were oer own, 
 Still leeUog for gior7, 
 Famous in story. 
 We've gam'd for Old l^ngland new way ; of renown. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Our ooiintry »h«H hail oar etnpruw with aoelairu, 
 Atteropled for »«r«s by ahiefUioB of fame j 
 Fot §m\ nfr«f ^ nae evinced in her eaoae. 
 Hits « « ■ • I iii^ t«»e Britons' «pnlau»e. 
 Tjs UJi^ f**! (v ' ito ttvth Britiih iw«rt8 were our own, 
 Sfeil aeeking for gipry, 
 f.- Parotms in story, 
 
 ii^ We've gamed for Old EngUnd new ways of renown. 
 
 l-. 
 
74 
 
 No. XXI-^MONDATr IIABCH SO, 18£0. 
 
 Ttlht Bdkuf^Um WbHtr ChwdoU. 
 
 %iMf\ iiMr itnidtlMt (b« North OMrgia 
 Quttte ia •om to dl« » nMnI 4Mdi, ud I 
 «m torrirrorUi te thm Moit joar < 
 Miid«atZlMtalMirbi«MrpOM< ~ 
 -^ OthvUe't OMtti»tian%tBM !* 
 
 I had iirQpand • kttar In ymatmm of 
 nv former plu>i but MlMkMifenMdtlMt 
 thii U the iMi eommDHleatkm whWh I ihaU 
 Wfte M opportunitf of Ujiag belbre jroar 
 readert, during tbk* aeaton, 1 aappoaa I niut 
 ohangn my note, aiid be upon my good be- 
 vaviour. 
 
 II hat been very amuaing, and I muit add 
 venr flattering tn me, to hear the eoqieetures 
 whieb have been femutd eoneemlng the au- 
 thor of Z't lettera, and the remarfu whieh 
 have been made upon them \tj the indivi* 
 duali ol' our coramunhjit and I am not alto- 
 
 Sther without hope that 1 have done lome- 
 iBg towardi removing, at leait in part, the 
 annoyanoei of whieh I odmplained. 
 
 A rrioMt of mine in London, who baa » 
 ahare in ■ patent<4het mamiGwtory, onee ox- 
 plained tome the manner in whieh the rou^d 
 or perfect «hot are wparatad from thaw 
 wUeb are oval, and therefore unfit for uie. 
 BeUig all made to roll down an inelined 
 plane, the round onea roll straight forward 
 to die lower end, while the oval ones are 
 fimnd to waddle to the «dge of the pbme, and 
 lall over befbre they c :n reaeh the bottom. 
 I have often been reminded of this eontri- 
 ▼kiiee, in observing that \\mWhi»a»rt, Slam- 
 fMTf, ke. Ice. ke. have waddled on one tide 
 wl^ applied to the inelined plane afliirded 
 by Z^eommonleetkNML and have immediate- 
 fy fallen into the ranks, under the sevoral 
 beads to whieh, aeeording to their retpeetive 
 qualifioatioos, they know themselves to he- 
 long. Some of them have not mneh relished 
 being made to waddle In this mnnner. and 
 would rather have buen allowed to roll on 
 atraight forward to the end of the ehapter. 
 This is all very natural, but it is no fault of 
 nine t they arc no shot of my making. I 
 think I have ''cne them tome serviee in 
 pointing out their defora;tv i and if they 
 will get their oval ends rounded off before 
 die re-eommeneement of the news-papers, 
 I promise diont they shall hear no more 
 firomZ. 
 
 Bat, to be serious, if the annoyaneet to 
 whieh my letters allude are real, tney ougl. 
 to be remedied ;— if iroaghiary, if nobody 
 pnfitiaes them, then is there no " gidhd jade 
 to winee,"— ell our "withenare unwrang," 
 -4n short, if the eap fit* tnibody, let nobody 
 wear it! 
 
 Bat since the game is up for tiie present, 
 
 I have no hositation In aataring you aid year 
 readers, that the classes described in ay iiet 
 letter are as eooq^lely the ereataroa of im- 
 aghntion.asovereatnrod into tha hfid of • 
 poet. I had at that than no iotentioa «f eon- 
 tin«iacinyeorrespoodenM,aBnch leaa had 
 I eonoeived any thiog like • reguhv aaviea of 
 saehdeaarintions. It wnayoar readers thorn- 
 selves who Brat pat this into my head, and 
 made mo lock aboat aao for soah soUocts, 
 aa well bv the hinu with whlA their i«- 
 marks daily furnished me, as by the earnest 
 anplications made to me, through the me- 
 dium of your paper. Itwa8then,andtben 
 only, that I heaan to be real^ b oamest,aad 
 to copy Amn life. For insiaaao, the publio 
 are wholly Indebted for the description I 
 have endeavoured to give of the Sntrtrt, to 
 the uneoQseious sugnsUons of one of that 
 dosing fratemityt and the same is true of the 
 more Innocent Stampert. As for the Skm- 
 fiMTi, it is mora than probable that thay 
 irould have remabed altogether unknown lb 
 Z., unlets ihej had been pointed out to hit 
 notice by hit eorretpondent X.; aud to of 
 one or two other clattet. 
 
 So much for thie account I purpose to give 
 of my leltert; may I be permitted to say 
 a woid or two of myself, as it is a subject 
 which has afforded me much entertainment. 
 There is scarcely one among us who has not 
 hazarded a conjecture who Z is. One I find 
 " knows me wells" a second has found me 
 out by the shortness of my sentences; another 
 " deteeta qM at first sight,'* by a ceruin fault 
 in mygnuMaar, of whieh he hu observed I 
 am often gplty m conversation ; a fourth de- 
 clares if'impossible to miaUke me," though 
 ho does not say why, « and wonders at ue 
 want ofdis^trnment in those who are •! a 
 lots about met" andafiflL is "quitepori- 
 tive" who I am, en aocount <^ a paiticular 
 turn of expression which always was, is still, 
 and ever will be i^ine, and mine exclusively. 
 
 A meumato took me aside the other day, 
 and with a look full of mysterious impoi:- 
 tanoe, told me in eoniidence that he knew 
 who Z. was. ««Do you really?" said I; 
 '< ITes, it it to and to." " No ! it it indeed?" 
 " Yes," replied my cunning meumate, with 
 a knowing shake of the head, «I had it Ihm 
 nod authority." Thinks I to myself; vou 
 know nothbg at all about it ; but I pirnni'sed 
 to keep his secret, and ao I will. 
 
 The truth is, Mr. Editor, that having for 
 the first ten weeks of the publication of your 
 paper, openly, avowed my incapacity or un- 
 wilMngoess to write for it, and, to my shame 
 be It recorded, even spoke disrespectfully of 
 a scheme of amusement to which I was my- 
 
 m. 
 
 m 
 
 "tj^*-'M?™'*^fc;J 
 
 
n 
 
 •Mian indolent to ecr.tribat«, I havi fcand 
 roywir Mcurely iheliertd of brtt oodw, my 
 MlMf dealmikm^ m4 hava thotlMMiikf 
 MM to join in tht Mneral iMgH, orto pt^ 
 vgm Vlfmj oeeMioiuu exprenioo ofdhp i e*" 
 ifl* vtti M moeh appareat uneonceni Many 
 ]«walMiit ine. It w no great wonder dwt 
 man do not eaaily find him out, who haa 
 iivdiy^been aMe to perwide Aftiafl^that he 
 haa written. 
 When ehiMren play at hide and aeelK, they 
 
 ' are tolittiat they " Uam" when they eome 
 near tho hiding-plaee ; bat 1 ean aMore thoae 
 who have aearahed for Z., that they have 
 neva» hren warm, no not within a mile of 
 the ire i they are all equally luiOwta(, and 
 all Mually wrote. 
 
 Adleii^^Mr. Kditor, for the present, i 
 trwtiny nexfaomrounlcatioo maybe the 
 growth of a. more genial elimate; may it 
 ■prinjg np amidit the rieh loxurianee of the 
 Sooth Sea lalandt ! Believe me, there are 
 nttne of your eorretpondenU or readeia who 
 entertain this hope more eonfidently, and 
 who wk willing to do mate towards itaeom- 
 pfetkM, thui yoar 
 
 l^nknown and obedient Servant, 
 
 * ■ z- 
 
 IfStB— As I was one of the first among 
 if^oiir eorrespondents to address you at the 
 coinmencement of your editorial laboars,and 
 to express my good wishes for the sneeesa of 
 your undertaking, so t am equally desirousi 
 now that I undersund yrnir paper to shortly 
 to be discontinued, to express to you the 
 gratifioation I have derived from the spirit 
 with which the Winter Chroniele has been 
 supported tor one-and-twenty weeks, and the 
 amusement I have received from nnany of its 
 pages, during that tedious interval. 
 
 As an individual of thdt oommu ily to 
 whose amusement you have, daring the win- 
 ter, devoted a certam weekly portion of your 
 time, I am anxious to convey toyonmy Hiare 
 of the acknowledgment wliieh is SO justly 
 yoUKdue. Nor can 1 omit to express my ob- 
 liglPtoo to the two gentlemen whose xekl in 
 theianse of gnod humour and eheerfuhiess 
 has induced them to copy, with uneeaaing 
 punctuality, for our perasa), the varioos 
 coromunioatioiis with which your box has 
 been tarnished. It will be genei-aHy altowed 
 that the original purpose of the Wintel* 
 Chronicle has beer, completely answered. 
 It has certainly served to " exercise tlie in- 
 genuity" of several of oar community ; an<l 
 we have seen it raise many a lHUt;n, and 
 many a hearty one too, at a time vhen in 
 the ordinary course of our affairs, thera Wias 
 little or nothing to make us smile ; and be- 
 sides the amusement it has tdfonled at the 
 time of reading it, 1 have observed that some 
 of the artieles in each paper, have usually 
 fiimidied subject for good-humootvd eoi.vei-- 
 aation during the ensuing week, at the expi- 
 ration of vrnich a fresh supply has been 
 
 broniM Ibrward to faMI (ke lanw qnd. U 
 will, perkapa, be el^toa by some of vow 
 more serious raMkra, that tlM tinie thus 
 ■pent migfrt Imm been better employed; to 
 whiehl mayrepiy, that it might »l«ohave 
 been worse employed, or even no|«mployed 
 at all. *• Better do rohHhlit'thawdo nothing,' ' 
 says the proverb, andth#lbirii,ir iMLthelet* 
 trrofthhmaxhn, is right. ^ 
 
 But it is saMI that there are one or two of 
 yonr rendapi Yho have not derived so mdeli 
 amasementlraai tht peniaal of yonr papers, 
 aa the rest of na^ and who are even aaM to bn 
 rtther oflbnded at some of the waggiah eom- 
 muniealions eootained hi them. If thia bn 
 the ease^ whiek, however, 1 ean saareely be- 
 lieve, there la DOW no remedy for it tbot I 
 will venture to assert that no one aitiele has 
 been penned with anv intention of givfaif 
 offence to an individual of our party. 
 
 We are now, Mr. Editor, to enter on • 
 Afferent ooeupntion, In which all your r«ad^ 
 era, whether eontriboton^ or noo-«ootriba« 
 tm, will, I am aore, arast eordtolly jofai ; and 
 I hope y«t to aee those at whose exiMiiae • 
 latigh has oeeasiooally been raiaed in thn 
 Winter Chroniele, hiagh in their turn ^ 
 
 they shall see their naaaeaoeenpy to g a 
 
 hoiiourable phie« hi the London tinnetto- 
 I an, Mr. Editor, 
 Tour oMi|edand obedient Servaat, 
 . Pau^Comn. 
 
 To the EdUw of the WtMrn-'jChniikk^ 
 
 Mn. EsiTon^-Before your papera eeiM 
 for thu season, allow ma to insert some 
 wishes which I most fervently entertain, and 
 in whieh I doabt not that many of your 
 readers will join with me. 
 
 First, then, I wish your entertaining pa- 
 pers may appear at our breakfast-table with 
 th\9 very first Mondav after our houaing is 
 put over the ships the next winter— sbouMl 
 weh again he the case. 
 
 Next, I wish an early summer to sueh aa 
 want to go westward, and eternal frost to 
 those whose minds are bent the other way 
 if any such Uiel% be. 
 
 I wuh a safe passage to the rein-deer, a 
 ^utheriy wind to the duoka, and sueeess to 
 the sportsmen. 
 
 I wish aa idle birth to our doctors for tha 
 remainder of the voyage, and a day's sick- 
 ness to those who lightly treat the comphunta 
 tf others. 
 
 I wish a speedy sight of Behringis Straits 
 to the sanguine, disappointment to the de- 
 sponders, and moderation to boasters. 
 
 Tc advocates for cold, I- wish frost-bitten 
 fingers ; and to eomplainers of it a vertieal 
 sun. 
 
 I wish to husbands patienee, to their whres 
 constancy, and to lovers fidelity. 
 
 Lastly, I wiA perfect health to every one: 
 the pleasure of revisiting our native country 
 
 K 
 
 ^#- 
 
 » 
 
 ^^■.- A» «Wii«»i '—w -.■ 
 
 m 
 ^ 
 
10 
 
 •»,.- 
 
 ■J%',' 
 
 •••••••••••••••Ma • 
 
 Man I nhrmutltit to 8«<|ri— » gkipww. 
 mnicera, Im.: waMM to ov tojj^^, mmI 
 
 Tour welt-wid 
 
 widwr 
 
 f 
 
 niAi 
 
 BSKHKT. 
 
 On Thnndajr «««nhif wm m nt» M ed th« 
 farae of the CVl/aMr to whMl imH Mided the 
 •Mayor ^Oarrattf IwIm iIm tMt oT'oar 
 TlwMtrieaUnlerUhinimttlbrtlMMMoa. At 
 
 tbf end uftlw laat Kwrne an apMopriate and 
 •TiiMiaied Farewel . 4 t ld r t m,nim the pen oT 
 Mt'. Wakehan, was ttMlwn by that gevlte' 
 n «n in the eharaeter of a lailor, and rceeiv- 
 •d with the moit raptarooa applaaie. The 
 «hc>le eoneluded with Gerfmnw thtXtnf,in 
 f whieh all the peribrmen, at well aa mott of 
 the audienee joined ; and t^ ewrtaia fcif, 
 •midtt the loufl itnd heMrtj eheera of the 
 ^hole ftooae. Our r»ml<H« wiil find * nopv 
 •f the AddrcM, wirh wtitefi iff ha»« b*',)- 
 ffavound, in the Mibaeqaent v^fi,'.* •af tiiia 
 Ifumber. 
 
 I'hm ha^ ended aaerie* of dramalie en^e^• 
 tainMeali^ whieh ham Mrved to begnile tb« 
 tediout teaaon of a long and eheerleaa whiter. 
 In theprogmt of thaae ovtntabmenta, we 
 have taken rreqnent oeeaekm to ei^rew iNir 
 aviation of the good eIRwt wUak thib kind 
 jf anraieatent haa pfodoeed amoag thore lor 
 ■whoae diveraion they wore ehiefly, if not »• 
 olmivelljr intended i sud we may now add, 
 
 that ^iMb auMOMive roufeaentaliM hoe MM* 
 edte,aonftrm (ko eonvMtioa. 
 
 Tw promotion of ehoa o fnlneaa — onf tly . 
 iMnvaaflsaMeetwMeh.fai oar proMllol* 
 toation, ealletf for our beat eaeitioli "i^* 
 penona iioaaaaiing no aoureea of am«o«o(H 
 wMlfin tbeoaaclvea, aome aueh rneono WOM 
 more than Moal^ neeeamry, eapeelallv hin 
 elimate when tho^tvjagged aapeet of Mtnre 
 haa little to e nl Won tlie mind, or to dimipale 
 thejrioom of dcopoMenoy. 
 
 The good eonaeqaenoea reaulthitif^ tlw 
 unt«iaittod exotiona that hare bo«i madO 
 to attain tbia dNirable end. eannot, poriiapa, 
 be aafReiently nprebended it preaenti ttieir 
 infloeneo may m expeeted to extend' to the 
 latest period of our vovBge^oud MOy, per- 
 hapa, be liereafter conaiderM na htving nM- 
 terully, though indireotly, eoMribnted to the 
 ultimate aueoem of our onterpriM. 
 
 Theatre Royal^ North Georgia, 
 
 ThO Manager and Committee tll^ tliia 
 publiOlUoihod of returning their Iwat ohnka 
 to the gentlemen who h^yf ao lihorally eon« 
 trihnted towarda the aopptMt of the theatre. 
 
 Nor can they le| the opportunity MM 
 without expreaaing the high gratifieation mtf 
 have reeeired in the diaehafge of theh- d«l# 
 aa eommittee-men, from the willhigneM with 
 whieh eaeh gentleman haa eadeavonred to 
 anpport the eharaetera whieh hare been aa- 
 aigiwd to him, and from the good humour 
 and nnanimity which have preruicd throo|^< 
 out tlw aeaaoo. 
 
 
 FttrthtULH^tumliertf the Winter Chntdck. 
 
 CowK Muae, and attend to my laat inroeation. 
 Come mourn with your pupil the Chroniole'ii eloao ! 
 
 Ko more ahall we,hear Monday mom^ titteratkm. 
 That wOleomed ita pagee in rerae or in proao. 
 
 What wondenpoi'forro'd by ita two aheeta per week! 
 
 How atraioM our invention and faenltieaail ! 
 If half the bolkheada of the cabina oould apeak. 
 
 They'd ahew thatinveution, nor feeble, nor amall. 
 
 Fair Damea it haa brought to l^orth Georgia') ahore, 
 Manufaetnred a ghoat and an animal atrange; 
 
 That (named the Encea) you'll hear of no more 
 In foreala or flooda rhrough all nature^ wide range. 
 
 Here yon and your uatera inspired our ny youth, 
 Tiir « Heaven'k vau eootave" reaooQded their aongs ■ 
 
 ASueb nonaenae we've rea4, and a great deal of truthi. 
 Well founded comphunta, and aome fanciful wrongs 
 
 Ev'n loggerheada welt couM contribute their aharea 
 To the weekly eonUnta of the Edhoc^a box ; 
 
 The world waa soon told of our weighty affiiica. 
 The doadi of u gull, or eaeapo oTa MK. 
 
 ■?*• 
 
 ■%^.'^^ 
 
•I 
 
 » 
 
 M|7 
 
 .?! 
 
 X 
 
 % 
 
 ■«M 
 
 ll^^W »^w#l^HP 
 
 Vhm'^iiltlMilrMr^vUliX.T.ttiir, « 
 
 Mark and BBily. fUr mMi I lat, ^ 
 
 And Antl<Malp AwMklM infhanMqnite to briilM. 
 
 There'ba pom b w Mw. bat bfMMaiaf tiMra 
 I patieoM aad papci'MKNild •qaali]r«aiie , 
 
 Th« piaaningtaf mmm woukt a eounaimr pal' *• 
 
 But Mw u» laoiient thtk nkfortuota I hMtt 
 
 Tha Plasra a»d (b« Papers together cnlp, 
 And Poct% and Aelqrs, and Damea pImIm thdr hMt 
 
 To MMrtli* pwting nKHMnU 111 njr that tMr Are 
 Hm not, in thia region, been ereraiHpaiaU. 
 
 Wintrj «i«i of th* North ! «ho hav* aaribblad itmtf 
 To ihav* ornroow nt, neeept • aad aigh 
 
 Fnm one Who hat lometiniea attkmnled a lay i 
 And thoi, BrMher*8eribblen, I bid yod good*b7it 
 
 w 
 
 *■» 
 
 A FAI^ELlS ADDRESS 
 
 mit$m and $peken bg Mr. R'uMBn, in lAaflfannbr a/* a SaiUr, a$ thtjtnalehte 
 of the Perfkrmanmtu Urn JfMK OnrgL TlmOrt. 
 
 ■'»«.• 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 Dhxab wa« the nMtt that Natara's tendVimmd^ 
 When lightt lot gleam this aaddenM region tad { 
 No aethre aeeaea diaaiTn'd iti torpid power. 
 Nor aoft aoeietT beguiled the hoort 
 The dark dull aeaaon oall'd for otheraid, 
 Our oomio talenu then we eneh caaay'd— 
 Here Garriek's heroea mimio pn ni o n i mot*, 
 And liit'ning Udiei melt at tales of love ( 
 For woman^ lemblanee graced our GeorgiaB alag*. 
 The ttrangeat medley of the present age |<~> 
 A paper bonnet oft her bead embraeeo. 
 Her oanvaa atayt were br a tailor laeed. 
 The dreit in whieh her beauty MOj^t to lUne 
 Form'd and arranged bv finger* maaeuline !— 
 Her ribbont, paintadf— un, her riitt'rinctan— 
 Bright beads uer diamonds, ana herself-araan! 
 The Drama's beanx were not to be andone,— 
 Fox-hunting squires in paper boot-topa dnne,* 
 And the plump landlord, when he took a swig, 
 Conoeal'd hia Uuahes by an Oakum wigy- 
 Tin spare, and paper frills for Dandiea made. 
 And bear-skhi wbitkeiv help*d the gay parade: 
 But jestii^ o'wio night the plays w« ehae. 
 For passing winter atka no more repose. 
 
 As the brave soldier, on the martial field 
 O'erborne by tenfold odds and foreed to yield. 
 PressM by the oaptiTe obain feels not its weipit, 
 When on the thunders of the nearer fight 
 His fate siwpended hangs, till Viethy t tide 
 Proeiniros the eonquer'd now the eonquMng side t 
 Then freed onee more he shines in radiant anB% 
 And mingling eager in the war's alarms 
 Feels the new wrong withiai bis bosom g^w. 
 And bursU indignant on th' embahled foe. 
 So we^ aeeored by Winter's ley ehain. 
 Awhile the pris'ners of iU gloomy reign. 
 Hear in the Mast that sweeps the froMn sea 
 The friendly soundthat soon diali set us free. 
 When hasting fiorward with impatient foree 
 Hope's eheemg ray shall gild oar Wcaten «Qane. 
 
 
 % 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ©, tt 
 
 ''^vi 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1^128 12.5 
 ^ 1^ III 2.2 
 H: ȣ 12.0 
 
 1.25 I 
 
 U IIIIII.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 
 'S^T^'^.Ia 
 
 

4 I 
 
 
 ♦w 
 
 9 Am 
 
 ^^ J i»»il i |Jl3 fc >■■&•<» ■MrgBlile. 
 
 Whoa b owfiroMtbf ice 4|Mp«lwl^» 
 
 Now (oMiloltotfiiBni, now to Boathflfii^HM r 
 
 Wlwai»«MN(MioMviailiMdloiiK*v*y 
 
 JMMMM^SliM i)w KqaUt »aia t 
 ilMllil|^^|«MlvtlMtiiilMi« wkiA^MlM o'er ill. 
 
 Win IM^ ORtWard Otrg* tbe iej rand 
 
 TowliBf*: 
 
 .;#' 
 
 
 
 I MHnii.ara tot boinitt'iprMe^ 
 1riioi#«MMi^»l IM tiwt«Mk%ntirtr tar 
 Bnltt tn (i|iSiiiinilMiii>|-^*^)iM<l thttfhr— 
 
 11ielio^tliit;iaiM»4tM^ri>f>l«««^n «tr toil, 
 AMdhoMWi ilMt okfiM dwr tiMHw hH. 
 IMt«Biiki'k l>Mii'«*taitti»d fa oar dw*-, 
 tb tlifi emii&dlVliMi eTflorr leMb i-- 
 
 BMht«siWllt)tti>t4il« iB^iN*«»^ 
 Bid* W oar WMMtit Mid OilNelwBi rev«f«i 
 
 ,V'"-i- 
 
 1Ti1 lii -ill 
 
 t 
 
 # 
 
 Ita JB^ttor vadd be U} ntMUd wMli liiBiMlf vere Im |o pwoiit (he ^nrar Chrmtde 
 iji iiM iii l w l i nhhmit e i B i o^i i liii lt i w^t tut hfr ^•nr-irfrr^r T*' ffnr^'yi for the eoor- 
 
 SSSRlM^SSttt wmoXh- a««ft«vw«if eif |«Pf abort ootiee. ^ 
 
 ^S^iiMlbSWihiew^ieM fUlIP bft^trnftieiiii wbo beve m eheerfally m 
 kb^t/ttMi oa ^^iirivMW i|i«ii^m» ^ «»to^ t*^ nunoal datietof a« 
 
 W 
 
 # 
 
 BUP* 
 
m. 
 
 * % 
 
 \ 
 
 .;•"*. '. ^ ■ 
 
 r-