^ 
 
 ^\^ 
 
 ^^^o. 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 1^128 |25 
 u |jii2 12.2 
 
 1-4 III 1.6 
 
 0% 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 "-} 
 
 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporatiuii 
 
 33 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIISTIR N.Y. M5I0 
 
 (71*)l7a-4S03 
 
 V ■ 
 

 I 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHJVI/ICIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da nticroraproductions historiquaa 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa 
 
 Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat 
 original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia 
 copy which may ba bibliographicaliy uniqua. 
 which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couieur 
 
 Q'^.overs damaged/ 
 Couverture endommagie 
 
 □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture reataurie et/ou pelliculAe 
 
 DS 
 
 a 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Cover title miasing/ 
 
 titre de couverture manque 
 
 r~1 Coloured mapa/ 
 
 Cartea gtegraphiquea en couieur 
 
 Coloured ink (^.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couieur (i.a. autre que bleu4 ou rvoire) 
 
 pn Coloured platea and/or illustrationa/ 
 
 Planchee et/ou illuatrationa en couieur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 RelM avac d'autrea docunients 
 
 Tight binding may caune shadovvs or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re Mure serrAe peut cauaer de I'ombre ou de la 
 diatorsion l« long de la marge intirieuns 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que eertainea pagea bianehea ajoutiea 
 lors d'une restauratlon apparaiasent dans la texte. 
 mala, lorsque eela Atait possible, ces pagea n'ont 
 pea txi f ilmiea. 
 
 Additional eommenta:/ 
 Commantairas supplimentaires; 
 
 L'knstitut a microfilm* la meiileur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui J it* possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exempleire qui sont peut-*tre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographiqua. qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite. ou cui peuvent exiger una 
 modification dans la mithode nor male de filmage 
 sont !ndiqu*s ci-dessous. 
 
 r~1 Coloured pages/ 
 
 n 
 
 Pagea de couieur 
 
 Pagea damaged/ 
 Pagea andommagAea 
 
 Pagea reatorad and/oi 
 
 Pagea restauriea et/ou pelliculies 
 
 Pagea discoloured, stained or foxai 
 Pages dicolories. tachatiea ou piquies 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pagea ditachias 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quaiit* inigale de I'impreaaion 
 
 Includoa supplementary materii 
 Comprend du matiriel supplimentaira 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Mition disponible 
 
 tc 
 
 r7\ Pages damaged/ 
 
 n~1 Pagea reatorad and/or laminated/ 
 
 |~T| Pagea discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 j~n Pages detached/ 
 
 r*7] Showthrough/ 
 
 r~1 Quality of print varies/ 
 
 rn Includea supplementary material/ 
 
 rn Only edition available/ 
 
 T 
 
 P 
 o 
 
 fi 
 
 
 b 
 tt 
 si 
 o^ 
 
 fil 
 
 si 
 
 Ol 
 
 Images wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Lea pagea totalement ou pertiellement 
 obacurciea par un feuillet d'errata. una peiure, 
 etc., ont it* filmies i nouveau da faqon i 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 T 
 
 : 
 
 b< 
 
 ri( 
 ri 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio cheeked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filmi au taux de riduction indiqui ci-doaaoua 
 
 10X 14X 1IX 22X 
 
 
 ","■". ""''''■ 
 
 mt 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 , > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 itx 
 
 ■ • 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 aox 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 ax 
 
 
 
 
 32X 
 
 
TIm copy fllmad h«r« has lM«n r«produc«d thanks 
 to th* QMiarotlty of: 
 
 DougiM Library 
 Quaan's Univarsity 
 
 L'axamplaira filmA f ut raproduit grica A la 
 oAnAroait* da: 
 
 Douglas Library 
 Quaan's Univarsity 
 
 Tlia imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality 
 possibia considaring tha condition and laglblllty 
 of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha 
 filming contract spacif Icatlona. 
 
 Original copias in printad papar covara ara filmad 
 baglnning with tha front covar and anding on 
 tha last paga with a printad or lllustratad Impraa- 
 sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original copias ara filmad baglnning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or lllustratad impraa- 
 slon, and anding on tha last paga with a printad 
 or lllustratad imprassion. 
 
 Las imagas suivantas 9nt At* raproduitas avac ia 
 plua grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattatA da i'axamplalra film*, at an 
 conformM avac las conditions du contrat da 
 filmaga. 
 
 Laa axampiairas orlginaux dont la couvartura an 
 paplar aat ImprimAa sont filmis it comman9ant 
 par la pramiar plat at an tarminant salt par la 
 damMra paga qu! eomporta una amprainta 
 d'Impraaaion ou d'llluatration, soit par ia sacond 
 plat, aaton la cas. Tous laa autraa axampiairas 
 orlginaux rant fiimAs an commandant par la 
 pramlAra paga qui eomporta una amprainta 
 d'Impraaaion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par 
 la darnlAra paga qui eomporta una talla 
 amprainta. 
 
 
 Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha 
 shall contain tha symbol — '^ (moaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"). 
 whit:havar appiias. 
 
 Un daa symboiaa suivants apparattra sur ia 
 darnlAra Imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la 
 cas: la symbola — »• signifia "A 8UIVRE", la 
 symbols ▼ signifia "FIN". 
 
 Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at 
 diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba 
 antiraly ineludad in ona axposura ara filmad 
 baglnning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to 
 right and top to bottom, as many framas as 
 raquirad. Tha following diagrams illuatrata tha 
 mathod: 
 
 Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux. ate, pauvant fttra 
 filmte A daa taux da rAduetion diff Arants. 
 Lorsqua ia documant ast trap grand pour Atra 
 raproduit an un saui elicliA, II ast filmA A partir 
 da I'angia supArlaur gaucha, da gaucha A droits, 
 at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombre 
 d'imagas nAeassalra. Las diagrammas suivants 
 lliustrant la mAthoda. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 

 
 
 
 ICtbrarg 
 
 KINGSTON, ONTARIO 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 aiiif iiiirimtirn-iT -iiiwn]r-''^Tiiprrn'"-i-^ fm-m 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 #■ - -rj*^^:' 
 
 *. ^ • 1 , '■-> 
 
 
 
 ..iiH^-- H 
 
 v^ .•^t.:: 
 
 Af-r--^ 
 
 
-. / 
 
 » 
 
 MONOGRAPH 
 
 OF 
 
 THE CANADIAN CARYOPHYLLACE/£, 
 
 ' AS REl'UKSENTED 
 
 Within the Vctllejj of the St. Law/-euce (vrid 
 
 Great Lakes, 
 
 BY 
 
 J. GIBSON, B.A., and J. MACOUN, M.A., 
 
 • ' ' Professors in Albert (.lolleKe. 
 
 The [ireseni papt'i- is the first of an intended series of Monojjrapha upon 
 the phints of Central and Eastern Canada. It is th<; intention of the 
 writers to nuvke these memoirs component parts of a Floia Canadensis in 
 design. 
 
 US 
 
 ire iii- 
 
 iiulv soils. 
 
O^a^i.G^ 
 
■ f" 
 
 « 
 
 MONOGRAPH 
 
 OP 
 
 THE CANADIAN CARYOPHYLLACE/E, 
 
 AS REPRESENTED 
 
 Within the Yalley of the St. Lawrence and 
 
 Great Lakes, 
 
 BY 
 
 J. GIBSON, B.A., and J. MACOUN, M.A., 
 
 Professors in Albert College. 
 
 Diaignosis. Herbaceous i)laiits with .stems tumid at the artic- 
 ulations. Leaves always opposite and entire. Flowers cymose, 
 symmetrical and regular. St^pals 4 or 5, imbricated in the l)iul, con- 
 tinuous with the peduncle, persistent, distinct, or cohering in a tube. 
 Petals 4-5, very often stamen-like in appearance, inserted upon the 
 pedicel of the ovary,iinguiculate or not, bihd or entire, })ut sometimes 
 altogether wanting. Stamens distinct, gcmerally twice as many as 
 the sepals, to which they are opposi ce exce[)t in Molh«jo, rarely equal 
 or less in number. Ovary free, 1-5 celled, with ami)hitropous and 
 campylotro}K>uj^ ovides. Styles 2-5, distinct or partly united, stig- 
 matic along the inner surface. Fruit generally a 1-celleci capsule, 
 rarely 2-5 celled, either o[)ening at the top or loculicidal. Seeds 
 numerous, generally definite in number. Embryo external, curved 
 around the mealy albumen. 
 
 Properties. 'Ihe Pink worts, as a rule, are entirely destitute of 
 active })r(»perties. Among Canadian repn^sentativi's of this order, 
 however, two exami>les may be cited as lieing d(;cid(Hlly deleterious. 
 Mala]>ert and M. Bonet have shown that Snj)onaria othcinalis and 
 Lychnis {At/roKfjuinud (r'lfhdt/u L. an<l Gray, 2nd Kd.) are of a 
 poisonous nature, ascribing this tpiality to the existence, e.sp(!cially 
 in their roots and setnl, of a cei'tain (piantity of Saponine. A few of 
 the pinks, such as the Diantlius and Lychnis, are highly p ized as 
 oi-nmnental flowers ; but the majin-ity of (/anadian examples nw, in- 
 significant w(!eds, abounding for the most part in waste sandy soils, 
 road sides, and cultivated fields. 
 
T 
 
 2 
 
 Distribution. — The Caryophyllacece are natives principally of 
 the frigid and temperate zones. The order, in common with several 
 others, may be considered as representing the boreal type in the Flora 
 of Centi*al Canada. Critically speaking, however, the Cloveworts 
 are either Arctic or Alpine in character, and as a consequence are 
 but scantily rei)i*esented in regions essentially of a sub-arctic or sub- 
 alpine tyjje of vegetation. Here therefore we have a solution of the 
 fact that, in the Flora of the Lake Superior region — a region whose 
 plants of a boreal chaimcter are distinctly of a sub-arctic nature, we 
 find so few representative si)ecies of this order. Agassiz, in his work 
 on the Natui*al History and Botany of this District, enumerates but 
 five species in all, viz : — 1. Stellaria longipes, Goldie. 2. S. boreaiis, 
 Bigelow. 3. Cerastium arvense, Ii. 4. Sagina nodosa, Fenzl. 5. 
 Alsine stricta {Aretiaria stricfa, Michx, Ahine Michauxii, Fenzl.) 
 To this list the writers are enabled to make, from their own collec- 
 tions on the Eastern and Southern shores, the follo\^ ing interesting 
 additions : — 6, Stellaria media. Smith. 7. Cerastium viscosum, L. 
 8. Silene Antirrhina. L. 9. Stellaria gi'aciles, Richardson. Many 
 species, on the other liand, are met with in the Tropics of both Hem- 
 ispheres ; but these usually occupy high elevations, reaching in most 
 cases the limits of eternal snow. According to Humboldt the Pink- 
 worts constitute 1-17 of the flowering plants uf Scandinavia, 1-22 of 
 France, and 1-27 of Germany. In the vaiL y of the St. LaM'^rence 
 and Great Lakes they are represented by 12 genera, including 38 
 species ; in the Northern U. States by 16 genera and .^2 species ; and 
 between the parallels 25° and 45° N. latitude, by 70 species in all. 
 
 SYNOPSIS. 
 
 The order, as constituted l)y Endleicher is naturally divisible into 
 four Suborders, two of which are ca})able of being further sub- 
 divided into Tribes. The following are the Natural Suborders : 
 
 I. CARYOPHILLINEiE. 
 II. ILLECEBRINE^. 
 
 III. SCLERANTHINE^. 
 
 IV. MOLLUGINE^. 
 
 Suborder I. CARYOPHYLLiNEi«. 
 JUxstipulate. Petals rarely absent. 
 
d 
 
 Tribe I. Silene^e. Sepals united into a tube, and opposite 
 tb3 stamens when the latter are of the same number. Both petals 
 and stamens insei*ted on the stipe of the ovary. Many of the 
 flowers are large and highly ornamental. Inchides tho following 
 
 genera : 
 
 1. Saponaria — styles 2. J f M 1 +1 
 
 2. Vaccaria — styles 2 calyx G, angled and 5-toothed. ( ^ ^^^ 
 
 3. Silene — styles 3. f 
 
 4. Lychnis — styles generally 5, rarely 4. } 
 
 and 
 10 stamens. 
 
 Tribe II. Alsine^. — Sepals separate or nearly so, and opposite 
 the stamens when the latter are of the same number. Petals either 
 2-parted (Cerastium tk Stellaria) or undivided (Arenaria). Sometimes 
 the pfftals are wanting or almost obselete, as in Sagina apetala of the 
 U. States, but in the St. Lawrence valley we have no apetalous rep- 
 resentatives of the Tribe, vith the exception of the Stellaria borealis. 
 Ovary sessile ; generally small inconspicuous herbs. Includes the 
 following genera : 
 
 1. Cerastium, styles 5, Capsule 8-10 toothed 
 
 2. Stellaria, styles 3, Capsule with 6-10 valves. 
 
 3. Arenaria, styles 2, Caj)sule with 3-6 valves. 
 
 4. Sagina, styles 4-5. Capsule with 4-5 valves. 
 
 )^ Petals 2-pai-ted 
 j rarely wanting. 
 
 Petals entire. 
 
 SUBORDER II. ILLECEBRINE^. 
 
 Leaves with dry scale— like stipules. Petals present, icithout long claw*, 
 
 often stamen-like. 
 
 Tribe III. — Spergule^ — Sepals distinct or nearly so ; Styles 
 
 3-5. Capsule 1 -celled and many-seeded. Low herbs flowering all 
 
 summer, and found mostly at or near the neighborhood of the sea 
 
 coast or salt marshes, includes the following genera : 
 
 1. Spergula. Petals white. Leaves in whorls. 
 
 2. Spergularia. Petals red. Leaves oi)positt^, tiliform or linear. 
 
 SUBORDER in. SCLERANTHINE JC. 
 
 Exstipulate. Petals wantinrj, Cavsules l-celled and Iseeded. 
 1. Scleranthus. Stvles 2. Tlie one-seeded utricle enclosed in an 
 indurated nut formed by the union of the 5 sepals. 
 
 SUBORDER IV. MOLLUGINEi^. 
 
 Exstipulate. Petals wanting. Capsule ^celled, 
 1. Mollugo. Styles 3. Stamens hypogynous. Leaves in whorls at 
 the joints. Flowers small and white. 
 
I. SAPONARIA, Linn. Soapwort. 
 
 Calyx monophylloiis, tubular, terete, 5-toothecl, and without scales 
 at the base. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Cap- 
 sule almost sessile, oblong, 1 -celled at the base and 4-toothed at the 
 apex. Flowers in dense cymes. Named from Haj)o, soap ; the plant 
 yielding a mucilagenous juice when mixed with water. 
 
 S. officinalis, Linii. fhuncinr/ Bet. Perennial. 1°-1|° high, with 
 a str)ut. smooth, erect cylindrieal stem. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, 
 connate, strongly .3-ribbed, '!-?>' long, about \ as wide, and very acute. 
 Flowers very large, geneially double, rose-colored or white, in dense 
 cyniose clusters. Calyx cylindrical, nearly glabrous, (-rown of pe- 
 tals linear, limb obcordate. Naturalized. Very common around the 
 fences of old gardcms, and on the sites of old houses. This seems to 
 have been one of the fii-st flowers cultivated by the early settlers a- 
 long the Bay of Quinte, and at the present time is seen around every 
 farm-house in Prince Edward Co. That it was in former times cul- 
 tivated as a gai'den ornament, thei'e can be no doubt ; and that, if 
 placed side by side with many of our modern introd\ictions, it would 
 rival them in beauty, is eqiuilly certain. It is interesting to observe 
 that here in its new home it is found in precisely the same situation 
 as in England. There it surrounds the cottages of the poor ; here it 
 is euiphatically the poor man's flower. In the Atlantic States it is 
 found from Maiae to Georgia ; while we have no notice of its occur- 
 rence in any ])art of the Dominion except Ontario. Jnly, Aug. 
 
 il. VACCAKIA, Medik. Cow-Herb. 
 Calyx pyramidal, naked at the b?se, 5-angled, and 5-toothed. 
 Bracts membranous, acute. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Annual herbs 
 with pale-red flowers on long stalks. 
 
 I. V. vulgaris, Medik. (Sai)onaria Vaccaria, Linn. Saponaria 
 vidgaris, Medik.) Annual. Whole plant smooth. Stem branching 
 foot or more high. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, sessile, broad at the 
 base, and tapering to an acute aj)ex. Flowers in paniculate cymes, 
 which repeatedly f\)rk in threes, the central one being invariably a 
 .single flower ; pale-red, on very long stalks. Calyx pyramidal, 5- 
 angled, .smooth. Bracts nunubraniais, acute. 
 
 Introduced, scarcely naturalized. As yet found only in cultivated 
 fields and gardens at Belleville and Owen Sound. July and Aug. 
 
 m 
 
5 
 
 III. SILENE, Linn. Catchfly. 
 
 Calyx monophyllous, cylindrical, often ventricose, 5-toothecl, with- 
 out scales at the base. Petals 5, ungnicnlate, generally crowned at 
 the mouth, with limb often notched or bifid, inserted with the 10 
 stamens on the stipe of the ovary. Styles 3- Capsule 3-celled at 
 the base, 6-toothed at the apex, and many seeded. Leaves mostly 
 connate, Flowers solitary or in cymose clusters. Name supposed 
 to be derived from sdliva, in allusion to a viscid moisture observed 
 on the stocks and calyx of many species. 
 
 1. S. inflata, Smith. Blddder Campion. Pereiniial. Stem erect, 
 a foot or more high ; branching, glabrous and glaucous. Leaves 
 opposite, ovate-lanceolate, ratlier acuminate. Flowers in loose cy- 
 mose leafless panicles, drooping. Calyx much inflated, ovoid.globu- 
 lar, elegantly veined with pur))le. Petals white, cleft half-way down, 
 the narrow segments hardly crowned. Stamens exserted. Styles 
 much longer than the stamens, much exserted. Whole plant glau- 
 cous, variable in tho size of the leaves and flowers. Often two feet 
 high in good swils ; leaves and flowers in proportion. Sparingly in- 
 troduced in a few localities. 
 
 Dry fields near Belleville, very scarce; vicinity of Quebec (Mrs. 
 Percival) ; sandy fields two miles west of Prescott, rare (B. Billings 
 Jr.) Field in Hamilton city (Judge Logie), Loretto, Montreal, 
 and Tamiscouta, (Dr. Maclagen.) River du Loup, common, (Dr. 
 Thomas.) Kent Co. New Brunswick, (Dr. Fowler). In the United 
 States it seems to be confined to the northern portions, as it has not 
 yet been noticed south 'of Pennsylvania. In Britain pastures and 
 fields are its natural habitats. Jviiy. 
 
 2. S. antirrhina, Linn. iSnap-drayon catch-ffy Stem slender, 
 erect, simple, or slightly branching above : a few of the upper inter- 
 nodes being viscid above the middle, and often covered with small 
 flies. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; upper ones linear, the margins 
 slightly scabrous. Flowers few, on slender erect pedicels. Calyx 
 ovoid, smooth and shining ; teeth tipi)ed with purple ; i)etals reddish- 
 l)urple, quite small, seldom seen expanded. 
 
 This plant delights in dry, rocky, or gravelly soil, and therefore 
 may be sought for along rivers, on gravelly ridges or sandy plains, 
 and among the Laurontiaii rocks of the north. It is of very wide 
 
6 
 
 distribution, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from 
 Florida in the South to North-eastern Ontario on the North. It 
 seems to have been overlooked in Canada, as it is only noted from a 
 few localities. Two miles west of Prescott, i-are (B. Billings, Jr.) 
 Gait, (Miss Crooks,) vicinity of Hamilton, (J. W. Buchan,) Bayfield 
 River, Huron Co. (J. Gibson.) Kingston Mills, Niagara, and Mai- 
 den (Dr. Maclagen). Abimdant in Hastings, Northumberland and 
 Peterboro Cyounties ; Thunder Bay and Kaministiguia river ; Stur- 
 geon Lake, Dawson Route ; Fort Edmonton and North Saskatche- 
 wan ; Vancouver Islan 1 (J. Macoun). July. 
 
 3. S. noctiflora, Linn. — Niyht-Jloioering Catch-fly. Annual. 
 Stems viscid, pubescent, \^-^^ high, many times forked, each branch- 
 let terminated with a single flower, and a solitary flower in the axil 
 of the fork. Lower leaves spatulate, middle ones lanceolate, upper 
 linear, all ciliate, margined, rough, and hairy on both sides, with 
 veins very pubescent. Flowers few, rather large, with long viscid 
 peduncles, pale rose color or nearly white, expanding only at night, 
 or during dark gloomy weather; sweet-scented. Calyx tube elon- 
 gated, with leng subulate teeth, much swollen in fruit, with 1 con- 
 nected ribs. Petals large, 2-parted, crowned. 
 
 Cultivated, also frequent on waste grounds. Introduced from Eu- 
 rope. Is met with most frequently on dry sandy or gravelly soil. 
 Not reported from the Southern States. Very common at Prescott 
 (B. Billings Jr.) Toronto (Prof. Hincks). Hamilton (Judge Logie). 
 Near Goderich, Lake Huron (J. Gibson). Abundant on the clear- 
 ings, Indian village, Arundel (D' Urban). Kent Co. New Brunswick 
 (Dr. Fowler). Kingston (Dr. Maclagen). Hastings and Northum- 
 berland Counties, and Owen Sound (J. Macoun). 
 
 4. S. acaulis. Linn. Moss Campion. Perennial. Caespitose 
 Stems short, 1-3 inches high, much branched and tufted. Leaves 
 linear, flat, ciliate nearly the whole length, much crowded, nearly an 
 inch long. Flowers solitary, sometimes sessile, at other times in a 
 naked peduncle, very beautiful. Calyx campanulate, slightly inflated. 
 Petals bright i)urple, notched or entire, crowned. This is an Arctic 
 species, and not to be found within the exact limits of the St. Law- 
 rence valley, but being found on the coast of Labrador we introduce 
 it. The White Mountains of New Hampshire is its only station in 
 
the Northern United States ; but it extends throughout Arctic A- 
 merica to the Pacific, and down the Kocky Mountains as far as Lat. 
 40^, being observed on the mountains of Utah and Nevada. Green- 
 land (R. Brown). Labrador (Brunet). Cariboo Mountains (J. Ma- 
 coun). 
 
 5. S. Armeria, Linn. Lobel's Catch-Jly. Gardevi Catch-fiy. 
 Annual. Stem branching, glutinous below each of the upjyer nodes. 
 The whole })lant very smooth and glaucous. Leaves ovate, lanceolate. 
 Panicles repeatedly forked, with a single flower always in the fork. 
 Flowers much crowded in corymbose cymes. Calyx club-shaped, 
 purplish, 10-striate. Petals pink or purplish, notched and crowned 
 with awl-shaped scales. Flowers opening in sunshine. Cultivated 
 in gardens ; introduced from Europe. Sparingly naturalized in the 
 Northern States. Kent Co. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Spon- 
 taneous in a few gardens at Belleville (J. Macoun). July to Sept. 
 
 6. S. Virginica, Linn. Perennial. Stems slender, 1*^-2* high, 
 nearly erect, slightly branching, viscid-pubescent, particularly above. 
 Radical leaves spatulate with ciliate petioles ; cauline ones oblong- 
 lancoolate, remote, sessile. Flowers cymose, dichotomous, few- 
 flowered, peduncled. Calyx campanulate, cylindrical, reflexed or 
 nodding in fruit. Petals oblong, 2-cleft, deep crimson. Stamens 
 and pistils exserted. Flowers very large and beautiful, bright-red 
 or crimson ; well suited for cultivation. Its range in the U. States 
 is from western New York to Georgia. In Canada it is apparently 
 confined to the south-western portion of Ontario, as it is not reported 
 from any other quarter. Upper Canada (Hooker, Flora Boreali- 
 Americana). Islands in Detroit River (Maclagen). June. 
 
 IV. LYCHNIS. Linn. Campion 
 
 Calyx monophyllous, cylindrical, bractless and coi-iaceous, with 5 
 elongated, linear, deciduous sepals. Petals 5, crownless, with border 
 undivided. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1 -celled, opening by 
 5 teeth. Annual or perennial [)ubescent herbs, erect, dichotomous, 
 with long linear leaves, and shining purple flowers in elongated ped- 
 uncles. 
 
 1. L. GithagO, Lam. — Com cockle. (Agi-ostemma Githago, 
 Lam.) annual. Stem 2° — 3° high, forked above, dichotomous; whole 
 
8 
 
 plant clothed with long soft ha.irs. Flowers large, bright purple, 
 long peduncled. Calyx lobes very long, surpassing the flower, much 
 Jik(! the upper leaves, falling off in fruit, and leaving the large seed- 
 v(»ssel exposed. Petals large, entire, crownless; limb obcordate, 
 Seeds very abundant, black, detrimental to the qujvlity of wheat- 
 iiower. A vcuy common wenl in wlieat-li(dds, but much less abun- 
 dant than in former years. It extends throi:ghout the wheat-bearing 
 r(!giun of C.anada. Is abundant at Fort Francis, Fort Garry, Fort 
 Edmonton and Vancouver Island, so that it has act .ally crossed the 
 Continent. July. 
 
 2. L. vespertina, Smith, — (Lychnis dioica, Linn.) Biennial 
 or jierennial. Stem 1^ — 2'^ high, jtanich'd above, puV)es(ent, slightly 
 viscid ab(»ut the joints of the stem. Flowers dioecious, the fertile 
 ones iiuich tlic Inrgej-, J^eaves ovate, or ovato-lanceolate, acumin- 
 at<'. Neither leaves norHovvers as larg(^ as those of Slhne noetljlora 
 which it vc^'ry closely resend)les. Our foreign specimens are more 
 slender and not so pubescent as the one from which tiie present 
 description is taken, (ialyx suit-cylindrical or ovate, jietals whitish. 
 Cultivated on waste jLjrounds. A^'erv sc!'.r<'e in the U. States. Intro- 
 (luced from Kurope. Prof J. (ribson is the first who has rcjHjrted 
 the pres(nice of this plant within the Dominion. It was found on 
 grassy mounds in the Townshij) of Stanky, Hm'on Co., about 12 
 miles S. of the «nnbouchure of the Maitlr.nd. 
 
 ."5. L. apetala, Linn, — Perennial. Stem simple, pubescent. 
 Calyx I'atiier cyliutbical, lO-striafe, finally inflated and including the 
 jK'tids. Seeds arilled. (Hooker Fl. B()r. Am.) We have described 
 this })li;iit on the authoi-ity of Hooker, not having had an (»[)por- 
 tuuitv to examine specimens foi- ourselves. It can scarcelv be said 
 
 t. I. ^ 
 
 to Ih> within our limits, but as Hooker reports it fi-om the coast of 
 Labrador we deem it advisable to gi\'e it a place in the present me- 
 nu)ir. It is common in Arctic 'iiiK-riea. and has been detected on 
 th»! Rocky Mountains of Colorado an<l Ctah. Hooker gives Green- 
 land and Labrador as stations. Honrgeau seems to have observed 
 it on the Saskatchewan. 
 
9 
 
 y. CEKA8TUIM, Linn. Mouse-ear Ohilkweed. 
 Calyx of T), rarely 4 sepals. Oerolla of 5, rarely 4 petals, obcor- 
 {lat(s or 2-t'left. Stamens generally 10, sometimes 5 or 4. Styles 
 equal in number to the sepals, and oj)}>osite them. Capsule 1 -celled 
 cylindrical, elongated, bursting at the apex with 10 teeth, with num- 
 erous rough seeds. Flowers white, solitary or cymose. (Name 
 frcjm kents a horn from the rather long and curved capsules of many 
 si)ecH>s). 
 
 (a.) Petals not larger tlian caly.x. 
 
 (b) Petals considerably larger than calyx 
 
 I 
 
 C vulgatum. 
 viscosuin. 
 
 C. nutans. 
 C. arvense. 
 
 i C oblongitblium. 
 V C. alpinum. 
 
 1- 0. vulgatum, Linn. — Moiise-etir chickweed. Annual. 
 Stems ascending, hirsute an' claniiiiy-hairy, pale-«'reen. Leaves 
 ovate <)!• obovate, very obtuse, attenuated at the base, (almost petiol- 
 less). Flowers in close clusters. Pedicels very short, scarcely as 
 long as the flowers. Sejials acute, rather longer than the petiils. 
 Capsule cylindrical, attt ;iuate, twice longer than the calyx, curved 
 u)>wards. Intro Uiced. 
 
 Wnstc places fi-oni Florida to Eastern Canada. Vicinity of Que. 
 b»'c (Hrunet). CoiniMon among grass at Hamilton's Farm, Hiver 
 l^mge (hTi-b.in). Riv«'r du Loujt (Dr. Thomas). In ganh'us at 
 Kingston ;nid at F<»r( William, Thunder Bay, Lake Superior. Late- 
 ly i('porte<l from vi<inity of Kamilton by J. M. Huchan Fscj. 
 
 'I'liis s]K'ci(*s seems t(» be of very rare ot-cuivncc in Ontario, and as 
 yet, so far as Ct?ntral Canada is concerned, is almost exclusively con- 
 fined to the Eastern Provinctf. It is very distinct from the next 
 species in genei'at Mppejiranee. tliougli often confounded with it* The 
 sbipe of the leavi's, the erect steins, and the Howers in dense clusters, 
 slionM eiiitble the most c<»mmonplace observer rea<Uly to distinguish 
 it. Mav — dulv. 
 
 2. visCOSUm, Linn. Ltinii'i' monsc-nn' c/iirkiiwi'd. Perennial. 
 Stems liairy, viscid, spreading, much liranclie<l. greener than the last, 
 iind iis a I'uleji niueli larger plant. li(M»ves lanceolate-oblong, rather 
 IK lite. Ibacfs much smaller tlian in the lust sp«'cies. Klowe.is in 
 loo.se evmes wliieli are dicliolonious the solitai'V flower in the fo?k 
 
^irs^jgs'vA'r'Hi^ 
 
 10 
 
 ahiKiys expanding tirst, at the same time tUtlerently from the otherfs, 
 in having a much more elongated cai>8ule and peduncle. Petals 
 equalling in size the calyx which is hardly half as long as the ca})- 
 sule. This species is certainly indigent)us in Ontario, being found 
 in many cases at great distances from cultivated grounds. Gray 
 seems to think it is indigenous to the Northern U. States, and gives 
 Jiekh and uypsts as its habitats ; whilst Chapman, in his Flora of the 
 Southern States cites on]y Jlih/x. It seems probable, therefore, that 
 both in Canada and in the U. States we ha^■e two forms, the one in- 
 troduced, the other indig<'nous. 
 
 Everywhere common at Presoott .(Billings). Vicinity of Quebec 
 (Brunet). Kent Co., New Br\uis\vick (Dr. Fowlt"-). City of Ham- 
 ilton (Logic). Near Coderich (J. Cibson). Kingston and Amherst- 
 burg (Dr. Maclagen). (.ommon in Central Canada, Toronto, Owen 
 Sound. (J. Macoun). May — July. 
 
 3. 0. nutans, haf. — Annual, ''very clanmiy, pubescent. Stems 
 erect, weak, gr(»(»\ed, branching only from the base, the iiiternodes 
 finally much larger than the leaves, from (J'-lMV high. Leaves oblong 
 lanceolate, the lower ones spatulate, acute. Flowers in loose o}»en 
 cymes, much elongated owing to the length oi' the tiliform noddii.g 
 pedicels. I'efafs loiDjcr tlKui tin' Cofi/.n; Ititid at the apex. Capsules 
 three times as long ns the cmIvx. inenrAed. witli a ihery hue when 
 old. (Commences to flower wlieiixcry ytaiiig, and eoutiniies in bloom 
 the greater part of the suiiuner. Tn July the uimIcs ami pedicels be- 
 come much elongated, lieing freinu'ntly ol»ser\e(l two inches and 
 more in length. [iow moist gromids from Hudson Bay to Louisian;-., 
 and WtNst to Vancouver and Oregon. In Canada it seems to hav<! 
 been generally overlooked ; very abiuidant in the vicinity of Px'lleville 
 on wet limestone shingle ; Prince Arthur's Landing ; Big l^ake, n«'ar 
 J^^dmonton ; Little slave l^ake and A^tncouver Islanil, (.1. Macoini.) 
 
 4.0. arvense. ^A}<}i.— Fifft/ ('/tlrlimt/. Stems U'-ld' high. 
 <lecumbent at the base, retrorsely ]tubescent. Leaves linear, or 
 linear-lanceolate, acute, often fascicled in the axils, longer than the 
 internodes near the base of the stem. n;ore or less ])ubescent. Flow- 
 ers large and white ; cyme few-tlowei*(»(l, on a long pe(lunclc which 
 is generally 4-Howered. P«!tals huge, obcordate. twice the length of 
 the obtuse sepal M (\ips\de oblong, scarcely exceeding thc! length of 
 
m 
 
 11 
 
 the sepals. On rocky banks, hills and pastures, from Canada to 
 Georgia and west to the Pacific ; River du Loup and Gaspe', (Briinet), 
 Mary Island, Islands in Detroit River, (Dr. Maclagen.) Vicinity of 
 Hamilton, (Buchan.) LaV)rador, (Butler.) Kent Co. New Brunswick, 
 (Dr. Fowler.) The latter reports "capsule much longer than the 
 calyx." This is probably the next species 6'. ohlonyi folium. Rocky 
 l)anks of the Moira, Trent, and Gull rivers ; Sandy Fields, Toronto ; 
 Point Aux Pins, entrance to Lake Superior ; Dawson Route, Lake of 
 the Wo(»ds ; Plains west of Fort Garry ; Edmonton, Sasketchewan 
 River ; Little Slave Lake ; Duuvegan, Peace River; Fort St. James, 
 New Caledonia and Vancouver Island, (J. Maeonn,) May-- Aug. 
 
 5. 0. oblongifolium. Ton h.— Perennial. Stems erect or de- 
 clined, l)ranching, viscid aijove, stouter and smoother than C. 
 (rnntnf^ Jjeaves ()blt)ng~li»nceolate, or ovate, nearly an inch long, 
 shorter than the interni)des, nearly glabrous. Cymes twice or thrice 
 dichotomous ; piMbiuch's viscid. Ptjtals olxnate, 2-cleft, twice as long 
 as the s<'pals. whit(! and sjireading. Sepjils clammy-pubescent. 
 Capsule twici^ its lung as tb(! calyx. This sju'cies is easily distin- 
 guished from ('. iirniiHc by its Icav(!s, capsule and ])etals. In seems 
 to be confined, in its geographical range, to a c<»m[>aratively small 
 area. En the l^. Statt's it is ciicumscrilu'd by New Vork, Virginia 
 and Illinois. Whilst in ( 'auiida it has only been reported from the 
 vicinity of Amherstlnug by Di-. .Maclagen, and lately by J, M. Buc- 
 han, Ks(j., from the vicinity of Hamilton. Ajtril — June. 
 
 6. 0. alpinum IjINN.— ''Perennial : silky, hirsute. Stems 4- 
 inches high, f(nv -flowered ; leaves elliptical-ovate ; peduncles more 
 or less elongiited ; petals bifid at the point, twice tlu^ length of the 
 scarionsly margined and hairy sepals," (Toi'i'(»y and (ii'ay.) ('a|»sule 
 neaily twice as long as the ealy.x. In N. America it extends from 
 G-reenland to the islands of Sitka ami New Archan;L;el on the west, 
 and southward, on the authority of Hruuet, as far as fh(! coast of 
 Labra<lor. .) uly-Aug. 
 
 VI. STKJ.LAIMA. Lixx. Ciikkwkkd. 
 
 (^alyx of 4 •") sepals, somewhat connected at the base. (!erolla of 
 of 4-") p«'tals deeply -' parf^id, often perigynous, sometimes wanting. 
 Stamens normally H), sometimes few(M'. Styles ',\, souH'times 4 or T), 
 
12 
 
 opposite the sepals. C-apsiile ovoid, membranous, I -celled, 3- (some- 
 times 4) valved, each valve usually 2-parted at the apex. Seeds 
 numerous, naked. Flowers white, in dichotomons cymes or solitary, 
 terminal, in appearance axillary, (Name from Stelhi a Star, from 
 the stellate appearance of the Corolla. ) 
 
 1. S- media. Smith. — Chickweed. Annual, stems ))ranching, 
 decumbent, jointed, brittle and soft, remarkably distinguished by a 
 hairy ridge. Lower leaves on hairy petioles almost heart-shaped at 
 the base ; upper ones ovate, acute, glabrous. Flowers small and 
 white. Petals shorter than the se})als, 2-})arted. (Jalyx hairy. 
 Pedicels deflexed in fruit. Very al)undant in old gardens where its 
 seeds are much relished by birds and })oultry. Very frequent in all 
 parts of the U. States and Canada. It delights in dam]t rich soils, 
 and seems as much at home in the gardens of Florida as in the cul- 
 tivated lands around the posts in the valley of the McKeiizie, 
 
 2. S. longifolia, Mihi.. — Perennial. Stems soft and branch- 
 ing, very weak an<l brittle, su[»p<)rting themselves on -othei- plants. 
 JiCavtis (tp)»osite, linear, tin; lower ones often lanc(!olate, acute, 1' — '1' 
 long, si)reading to a right angle with the stem. Cymes many-Hower- 
 ed, naked, divaricate, at length lateral, with lanceolate scaiious bracts. 
 Pedicels long and spreading, reHexed. Petals white, a little longer 
 than the .^-veined sepals. Ca})sule globous, about the length of the 
 calyx. Stems often IS inches high, retrorsely scabi'ous. The whole 
 j»lant has much the habit of (iidium triji<hiiti i)V ('(unjjduvld ajnrr- 
 uioideHy two species with which it associates. 
 
 From Virginia to sub-Arctic Ameiica, and westward to Sitka and 
 Oregon (Torrey tt (Iray). Kent Co. New Brunswick, (Dr. Fowler). 
 Prescott .7 unction and Ottawii, (liiliiugs.) Bcasley's Hollow, (Loggie.) 
 ('hijipewa, Maiden, (])r. Maclagen). Vicinity of London, (Siiunch'rs). 
 Near the Paytield and Maitland Rivers, (.1. (libson.) Low grassy 
 places along streams, beaver meadows, ttc. Conniion in ('ential 
 (!aiiada, Sault Ste Marie, Main lliver, Little Slave Lake, l)unv((gan 
 on Peace Hiver, and Kort .\ssinab(»ine on the Athabasca, (J. Maconn.) 
 June 'L'.ly. 
 
 3. S. lODgipeS, CoLpiK. — Perennial. Stems procumbent at 
 th«^ base, with erect shining or ghnuMuis-gi'een branches, very smooth 
 and rigid. Leaves (in our spt^cimeius) more or less spreading, linear 
 
18 
 
 or linear-lanceolate, acute, broadest at the base. Pedinicles cynions. 
 Pedicels erect, filiform, the terminal one much the longest, with ovate 
 membranous bracts at the base. Petals 2-j)ai'ted, white, considerably- 
 longer than the calyx. This species has a very beautiful appearance 
 when associated with Cerasthnn arvense on rocky banks during the 
 latter part of May and beginning of June. In its many varieties it 
 extends from Maine to Wisconsin, thence northward through Canada 
 to the Arctic Sea, and westward to the Pacific coast ; but in no 
 locality seems to be very common. Vicinity of Quebec, (Brunet). 
 Restiguiche Co., New Brunswick, (Dr. Fowler), "a reduced form." 
 On rocky ground, vicinity of Belleville ; north shore of Lake Super- 
 ior ; Victoria Missions, Saskatchewan River ; Foit Assinaboine, Ath- 
 abasca River; Little Slave Lake ; Dunvegan, Peace River; Fort St. 
 James, Stewart's Lake, British Columbia ; (Jariboo Mountains, near 
 Barkerville, Vancouver's Island, (J. Maconn.) June — Aug. 
 
 4. S. Uliginosa, Murr. — Boy Stickwort, Perenniiil ; nearly 
 smooth. Stems 0' — 12' long, weak and very slender. Cymes lat- 
 eral, caused by the prolongation of the branching stem, nearly ses- 
 sile. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, veined. Petals bitid, almost as 
 long as the sei)als. Flowers very small, almost obscured by the 
 leaves. Capsule ovoid, as long as the calyx. Rather rare, or gener- 
 ally overlooked owing to its inc(ms})icuous flowers. Maryland to 
 Maine, and westward, through Canada to the Rocky Mountains. In 
 s{)rings, Moosepath, New Brunswick, (C. F. Mathews). Kent Co. 
 N(^w Brunswick, (Dr, Fowler.) May. (S. a(|uatica, Pollich, Labr<ea 
 lUiginosa, Hooker.) 
 
 5. S- gracilis, Richardson. — Perennial, growing in tufts. 
 Stems giabi'ous, w(nik and branching, about 8 implies high. J^eaves 
 laneeolati^, spreading, succulent, up[>er ones slightly ciliate-margined. 
 Peduncle solitary, axillary or iei'minal, l-tlowtM'ed. Pedicel generally 
 over an inch long, sju'eading. P«^tals 2-})arted, slightly longer than 
 the .s'carious-margined, glal)rous, acute He|>als. In general appearance 
 this specit^s resembles wide-leaved v,iri»^ties of S. hoi'iuth's, but its 
 mode of infloresciMice is (|uite dilterent hi ih'ftn'/. Hu<lson's Bay, 
 Cmnbei'land House, (Richardson.) Pie Island, Thunder liay, growing 
 in tufts close to the water. July IHth, 1801). 
 
u 
 
 6. S. borealis BkjKlow. — Perennial. Stems glabrous and 
 flaccid, weak and wpreading, many times forked, the lateral branches 
 })roducing Howtn's which are ])etaliferous in July. Leaves veiidess, 
 1 -nerved, oblong-hmceolate, acute, about an inch long, upper ones 
 often reduc(ul to bracts. Peduncles axillary and terminal, l-tliiWered, 
 scarcely an inch long. Petals (often none) 2-parte3d, almost equal to 
 the veinless acute sejtals. The whole plant is weak and slender, 
 su})porting itself on the grass and other plants among which it grows. 
 It always prefta's cool hogs or swann)s, wliile »S'. hiujifoUa more 
 rciadily flourishes in drier localities. New Hampshii'e and New 
 York to Arctic Anuirica, thence west and south through Oregon and 
 C*alifornia to th(! Paciflc Coast. (S. Watson in Kings lieport.) 
 Kent Co. New Brunswick, (Dr. Fowler). Anticosti and River Sag- 
 uenay, (Brunet). IV'vin's Lake, Montcalm, Kivev Rouge, (D'la-ban). 
 Mt. Johnson, (Quebec, (Dr. Maclagen). Cold Swam[>s, Pfasting's Co; 
 Thunder Bay, J^ake Superior ; marshes at tla^ mouth of the Kaminis- 
 tiguia ; Jjittle Slave Lake ; Dun\ t;gan, Peace River ; Cariboo Moun- 
 tains, and a form from V^aiicouver's Ishuid, (J. ^lacoun.) June— 
 J uly. 
 
 7. S. humifusa, Rotthoki.l. — Annual. Stems glabrous, 'l'~X 
 high, j»rocumbent, branched, leaves ovate, snssile, fleshy. Peduncle 
 solitary, axillary or terminal, short, 1-flowered. Petals l^-jiarted, 
 rather longer than tlu^ acutish nerveless sepals. (Hooker in Parry's 
 lM voyage, aj)p. p .'5!) I, and H. Jior. Am. 1 p. !)7.) Ci'eenland to the 
 Arctic Sea and west to Sitka, (Torr. u' dlray.) York C!o. New Bruns- 
 wick, (Dr. Fowler) Kamouraska, (Dr. Maclagen.) 
 
 YIL AKENARIA, Linn, Sandwort. 
 
 (^'alyx of o s)»r('ading S(^pals. Cei-olla of o petals, undivided, but 
 sometimes barely noteiuMi. Stamens 10. Styles ;{. (-apside short, 
 .'{-valved, valves usually 2-parted. Seeds few or many. Leaves 
 s(^ssile. Flowers white and tei-minal. (Name from Artiut, sand ; 
 most of the species growing in sandy loealiti«'s.) 
 
 L A. serpyllifolia, Linn. -Annual. Stems difl'usely 
 branched, reti'(»rsely pubescent, 2' -S' high. Leaves ipiite! small, 
 sessile, ovate, acute, eiliate-margiiujd. Fl(»wers white, on short pedi- 
 c«»Is, from the forkings of tlu^ uppia* |)art of the stem or axils of the 
 leaves. P(;tals scarcely as long as the sispals, oval. Sepals 3-5 ner- 
 
15 
 
 ved, acuminate, hairy. Capsule pointed, 0-toothed. Sandy fields and 
 woodlands ; easily distinguished by its small leaves, branching and 
 pul)escent stems. Introduced, though at times apparently indigenous. 
 Waste places from Florida to Massachusetts (Torrey and Gray). La- 
 l)rador (Brunet). Kent Co. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). On 
 sandy places by the sea, River du Loup (Dr. Thomas). Woods and 
 fields lu^ar Ottawa (Billings). Near London (Saunders). Hamilton 
 (Buchan). Huron Co., Ont. (J. Gibson). Owen Hound (J. Macoun). 
 J'.nie. 
 
 '2. A striata. Mkhai x (Alsine Michauxii, Fenzl.) Perennial. 
 Stems erect, .")'-! 2' high, or ditiusely spreading from a small root. 
 Leaves subulate, setaceous, ui)i)er ones reduced to bracts, 1 -nerved, 
 very much fascicled in the axils, almost appearing whorled, sharp- 
 ]M»inted and rigid, sometimes erect, at other times spreading. Cymes 
 few or many-fiowered, the long slender branches sj)reading or erect. 
 Petals white, t)blong-ovat(!, twice the length of the rigid, ovate, Aery 
 acvite ■t-protnhuuitljj-r'ibbed sepals. Rocks and barren ground from 
 S. C'arolina and Georgia to theArctic Sea (Torrey & Gray; Hooker). 
 Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky (Gray). Great Western^Rail- 
 way tract near London (Saiin<lei-s). Hiu-on Co. (J. Gibson). North 
 shore of Lake Su})erior (Agassiz), Common in rocky fields near 
 Belleville, along the Moira and Trent riveis, and Bay of Quinte'. 
 Shores of Rice Lake, and on the Ric(^ Lake Plains : Vicinitv of To- 
 ronto; Red Bay, Bruce Peiiinsula, Lake Hui'on ; Pic River, N. E. 
 shore of Superior ; Lake of the Woods (J. Macoun). May — July. 
 
 3. A. lateriflora, Liw. — (Moehringia lateriflora, liinn) 
 Perennial. Stem erect, slender, minutely pubescent, simple, or 
 lirancVuMl from near the base. Leiives oval ov oblong, obt\»se, V-V 
 long. ])ale green, ])unctate, hairy on th(» margins and midrib below. 
 Peduncles lateral and terminal, generally 3-rtowered, each of the outer 
 ones having two bracteoles above the centre of the jx'clicel. Petals 
 white, large, obtuse, (flowers fully \ of an inch wide when ex]ianded) 
 fully twice the length of the blunt sejials. A very beautiful s])ecies, 
 retaining its color when dry. In damp shady ])lac»^s from N. I^at. 
 40° to the Arctic f*ircle, (Torr. it Gray.) (Jravelly shores, Rhode 
 Island, Pennsylvania t(» Wisconsin and northward, (Gray.) Labra- 
 (U)r, Restigouche, (Brunet.) Kent Co. New lirunswick, (Dr. Fowler.) 
 
16 
 
 Nicolet, Kingston, Chij)i)ewa, (Dr. Maclagen). Hamilton, (Buchan.) 
 River du Loup, (Dr. Thomas.) Banks of the Rivers Moira and Trent, 
 (J. Maconn.) June. 
 
 4. A. peploides, Linn. — (Honkenia })eploides, Ehrh.) Sea- 
 .sidfi miuJwort Perennial. Stems creeping extensively in the sand 
 of the sea shore, and throwing up erect branches at intervals, and at 
 other times forming tufts. Leaves and stems very fleshy ; leaves 
 ovate, half-clas})ing, acute or mucronate, from ^'--1' long, nearly half 
 as wide, mostly shorter than the internodes. Flowers small, axill" 
 aJ-y, on shcn-t peduncles. Hei)als veinless, exceeding in length the 
 wliite petals. Atlantic coast from N. Lat. 40° to Labrador and the 
 Arctic (Jirde. (Torr. k CI ray.) Sands of the sea shore from New 
 J(?i'sey to Maine and northward, (Uray.) Labrador, (Brunet.) Kent 
 (V>. New Brunswick, (Dr. Fowler.) Sea Shore River duL<mi). (Dr. 
 Thomas.) July. 
 
 5. A. rubella, Hook.— Var hirta, wormskiold. Alpine 
 sand wort. Perennial. Stems glabrous or pubescent, 2'--3' high. 
 Leaves linear, subulate, ol)tuse, 2-sulcate, minutely hirsute. Stems 
 2--.*i flowered. Sepals 3-nerved, acute, shorter than the capsule. 
 Petals oblong, a little shorter than the calyx. (Torr. & Gray in Wor- 
 msk. infl. Dan. t. 1 646 ; D. C. prodr. l.p. 405.) Kotzebue Sound, 
 (Beechey.) Greeidand. (Torr. & Gray.) Labrador, C!ape Gharles, 
 (Brunet.) July. 
 
 6. A. arctica, Steven.- Perennial, cjpspitose. Leaves linear- 
 subulate, obtuse, fleshy, margin minutely ciliat«. Peduncles glandu- 
 lai', pubescent, 1- (rai'ely 2-3) flowered. Petals about twice the 
 length of the very obtuse 3-nerved sepals. (Torr. tt Gray, in Stev. 
 in D. (*. ])rodr. 1. ]). .404.) Arctic coast trom Greenland to Beh- 
 ring's Strait. (Torr. & Gray.) A variety has l)een found on the 
 mountains of (^ilorado and ITtah by S. Watsoji of King's expediticm. 
 Reporti^l as having been detected on the shore of Muscoka Lake by 
 Prof. Hinoks. Its occin*ence, however, in that locality is exceeding- 
 ly doubtful, but in defeience to his authority we give it a place in 
 th(i present memoir. 
 
 7. A. Greenlandica, Spkeno, — (Stellaria Greenlandica, Retz.) 
 Plant cii'spitose, glabrous. Stems low, decumbent at the base, 1-5 
 (lowered, lieaves verylnarrowly linear, obtuse. Pedicels flliform. 
 (S|»reng. Syst. 2. p. 402.) Snmmitof the Shawang.mk, (Utskill,and 
 
17 
 
 ■f 
 
 Adirondack Mts., >J. York ; on all the higher mts. of New England 
 and northward ; Ali)ine or Siil)al])ine, (Gray •')th Ed.) Cxreenland, 
 (Vahl. in her>>. 8cliweinitz) Lalnvulor, (Herb. Sehweinibz.) Jnly and 
 
 Ang. 
 
 VIII. SAOINA, Linn. Pkarlwort. 
 Calyx of 4-5 sepals. Corolla of 4-5 petals, entire, shorter than 
 the calyx, sometimes wanting. Stamens 4-10. (Japsnle 1 -celled, 4-5, 
 \alved and many seeded. S})reading herbs with snbnlate leaves, 
 which are often fascicled in the axils, and small white flowers. 
 
 1. S. procumbens, Linn. Perennial. A small weed with 
 slender, creej)ing stems ^3'-4' long. lieaves very small, linear, thread- 
 shai)ed, mncronate-pointed, coiumte or opposite. Flowers white and 
 yreen, on j>eduncles longer than the leaves, axillary. Peduncle often 
 hooke<l after flowering. Petals .shorter than the broadly-ovate, obtuse 
 sepals. Capsule twice the lengdi of the calyx. Petals often wanting. 
 Rhotle Island to S. Carolina along the coast (A. Wood). Oregon, 
 (Dr. Scouler). Kent C'o., New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler.) Ontario 
 (Dr. Maclagen). June— -Aug. 
 
 2. S- nodosa Fenzl. (Spergula nodosa, Linn.) Perennial. 
 Stems tufted, ascending 3'-5' high, glabrous. Lower leaves thread- 
 like, nearly an inch long, the upper ones awl-shai)ed and very small, 
 with fascicles of very minute ones in their j'xils, so that the branch- 
 lets appear knotty. Flowers large for the size of the i)lant. Petals 
 much longer than the sepals. Stamens \0, i)etals and sepals 5. U\)- 
 per Canada to the Arctic Sea and N. W. coast (Hooker.) Coast of 
 Maine, New Hamjjshire, also Lake Superior and northward (Cray). 
 North shore of Lake Superior (Agassiz). Island of St. Ignace ; Agate 
 Island ; Michipicotin Island and along the N. E. coast of Lake Su- 
 perior (J. Macoun). 
 
 This species is easily distinguished from >V. prociDiihciiK by its very 
 small u))per leaves and large white flowers ; the formei" having large 
 lea\es and very inconspicuous flowers. July. 
 
 IX. SPERCULARIA, Perw. Red Sandwort. 
 Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla of 5 entire petals. Stamens 2-10. Styles 
 and valves of the ca])sule generally '^, but sometimes 5. Sjuvading 
 and slender-leaved herbs growing generally on, or in the neighbor- 
 hood of, the sea coast or salt marshes, with red or rose-colored flowers. 
 
18 
 
 I. S. rubra, Pkrs. Var. campestris^ Gray (ArenaHa mbm, 
 Linn.) Annual, Stem;; jn-ostrate slender, nearly glabrous except on 
 the summits. Leaves filiform. Peduncles' and sej)als glandular- 
 pubescent. Stipules triangular awl-shaped. Pods and pink-red co- 
 rolla small, hardly ecpialling the calyx. Sandy or generally dry soil 
 along the coast from New England to Virginia. Seldom maritime 
 (Gray). Halifax, Nova Scotia (Dr. Fowler). Hamilton, Ont. (Bii- 
 chan). May — (October. 
 
 '^- S. salina, Pjiest. Annual. Stems larger, more decidedly 
 fleshy, and more erect than No. 1. Leaves fleshy, longer tlian the 
 internotles. . Peduncles rarely longer thin the i)od, which is longer 
 than the calyx. Stipules ovate. Pettils pale. Seeds marginless, or 
 very narrowly margined. Brackish lands <fcc. along the coast front 
 New England to Virginia and southward (Gray) ; South to Florida 
 ((Jhai)man). St. Johns, New Brunswick ((.'. F. Mathews). Kent Co. 
 New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). River du Loup, Labrador (Brunet). 
 
 .'i. S. media, Presl. Annual. Distinguished from the last 
 mainly by its smooth seeds, either winged oi" wingless. Ped\incles 
 equalling or exceeding the ])od, which is 2'-5' long, and a little ex- 
 ceeding the calyx (Gray's Manual Ed. 5). 
 
 On the coast and in salt marshes and sands from Florida to New- 
 foundland. In Central British America from Lake Winnei)eg to 
 Bear Lake, and in the United States from Washington Territory to 
 California. Found at a salt spring in Parley's Park, Wahsatch 
 Mountains, Utah (S. Watson, in King's Expedition). Kent C!o. New 
 Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). 
 
 X. SPERGULA, Linn. Sitkrev. 
 L S. arvensis, LInn. Com sjmrrei/. Annual. Stems rV-U)' 
 high, swollen at the joints, much branched. Leaves linear-subulate, 
 l'-2' long, a little pubescent, in two fascicles from each joint appear- 
 ing as if whorled. Two minute stipules under each joint. " Cyme 
 forked ; the terminal (central) peduncles bending down as the fruit 
 ripens." Petals white, longer than the calyx ; capsule twice as long. 
 Seeds many, membranously margined. Sandy flelds from Maine to 
 Florida. Introduced. Fields and pastures St. Joachim (Brunet). 
 Kent Co. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). St. John, Quebec, (Dr. 
 
 
19 
 
 ia riibm, 
 'xcept on 
 landular- 
 k-red co- 
 dry soil 
 maritime 
 >nt. (Bii- 
 
 lecidedh' 
 lliaii the 
 is longer 
 nless, or 
 ast from 
 > Florida 
 vent Co. 
 Bruiiet). 
 
 the last 
 edmicles 
 ittle ex- 
 
 to New- 
 ej)eg to 
 itory to 
 ahsatcli 
 
 o. New 
 
 
 Maclageii). According to Dr. Fowler it is a most troublesome weed 
 in New Bronswick. Not as 3'et reported from ( )ntario. May — Aug 
 
 XL SCLERANTHUS, Lixx. Kxawel. 
 1. S. annUUS, Linn. Knawel. — Annual. Stems branching 
 <Uchot<)mou8ly ; slender, slightly }aibes(ent. straggling. Leaves 
 linear cabu late, keeled, opjiositt!, partially united at the base by a 
 membranous-fringed margin. Flowers inconspicu«>ns, greenish, ses- 
 sile, in axillary fascicles. Stipules none ; petals none. Calyx ribbed 
 with i> acute segments. Stamens generally 10. Styles '1 and distinct. 
 In our specimens from New Jersey, the calyx tecith are erect in fruit 
 and have a white membranous maigin. Dry fields, New England 
 and middle States (A. Wood). Naturalized. Three Rivers. Qu<'bec, 
 (Dr. Maclagen). July. 
 
 XIL MOLLUGO, Linn. Lndi.xn Chkkvvekj.. 
 L M. VOrticillata, Linn. Annual. Stem branched, lying Hat 
 upon the ground, jointed, forming a roundish bunch. Leaves cruci- 
 form, the upper ones lanceolate, in whorls of 4-^< leaves ; in these 
 whorls the single 1-flowered pedicels forming a sessile umbel. Flow- 
 ers small and white. Petals none. Stamens mostly .i. Dry places 
 throughout North America (Torr. tt Gray). The stems lie flat on the 
 ground and spread in every direction, giving the plant a circular aj»- 
 peai'ance. At every joint is a whorl of spatulat^ leaves, and a num- 
 ber of 1-flowered pedicels, which give an umbel-like ajjpearance to 
 each whorl. A tyro in Botany could scarcely recognize in this or the 
 preceding species, the characters of the order under review. Borders 
 of rivers near Montreal (Brunet). Maiden, Ontario (Dr. Maclagen). 
 July — Sept. 
 
 •V-ir,' 
 ibulate. 
 a})pear- 
 " Cyme 
 le fruit 
 IS long, 
 aine to 
 irunet). 
 •c, (Dr. 
 
■