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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 l^>:t lGr%Q>3 38112 NARRATIVE OF A V O Y A « E, WITH A PARTY OK EMIGRANTS, SEXT 6UT FROM SUSSEX, *IN 1834, BY THE PETWpRTH EMIGRATION COMMITTEE, TO MONTREAL, thence up the river OTTAWA AND through the RIDEAIJ CAHTAI^, i TO TOROZtTTO, ITPPER CA1VA9A, AND AFTERWARDS TO HAMILTON J ALSO OF' THE JOURNEY FROM HAMILTON TO THE TOWNSHIP OF BLANDFORD, where the FAMILIES WERE SETTLED : And of a Journey through a large portion of the London and Gore Districts, with a map, shewing the Route : a description of the state of the Country generally , and the nature of the soil . TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPARISON OP THE ROUTE TO UPPER CANADA BY QUEBEC, WITH THAT BY NEW YORK; AND OBSERVA- TIONS ON THE PROPER MODE OF FITTING OUT EMIGRANT SHIPS, BY . JAMES MARR BRYDONE, Surgeon, R. N. V %/'^ "n sold by JOHN PHILLIPS, PETWORTH J AND BY EFFINGHAM WILSON, 88, ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. 1834. Price Two Shillings. t:' ' « 'C Wi l l iii i' i lfci iii :«:;;^;r!tS22^'' \ /#'" f ^J^^ _>-■ i ..^^ (■m PETWORTH : PRINTED BY JOHN PHILLIPS, CHURCH STREET <^, A ^'^r-\ ' V H- ^„ A Vi .A- 'iA ,|^( /^ ».'/,« ^ A '« ./^\ t- ^\ ■V.Xi J^ ■^ ',;.'.' •/« / ^JOfKW :# ./''»»''• Julio Ofor^<^y4Ji*m^rd. ■'S^i A MiA\r awf fjilioOfOf^fy^JZfmliitrci. J^ ,'.a»^4>/iy . ""W> i f^. i I ♦ *< w\ itmmmidC- ,»»»''" for hac poij in M'hd sei dice mmm. I"" 'wj; INTRODUCTION. •4' III the early part of this year, tlic Petworth Emigration Conunittee, being assured of a continuation of the liberal support of the Earl of Egreniont, again made preparations to send a party of Emigrants, from the western part of Sussex, to Toronto, late York, Upper Canada. On this occasion, the Earl of Chichester expressed a wish to place under the same management, a considerable number of persons, who had been enabled by his kind assistance, and that of some neighbouring genv.lemen, to emigrate from the more eastern part of the county, and the committee felt much pleasure in meeting his Lordships views. It has from the first, been their anxious wish, to obtain every possible information (not merely for their own guidance, but for the benefit of the public at large) which might tend to smooth the emigrants passage to Canada, and tho' no expence had been spared, on the former occasions,they had been disap- pointed of obtaining full knowledge, on many desirable points. They therefore considered themselves particularly fortunate, in having prevailed on Mr. Brydone, to take charge of the whole party. That gentleman's established character in his Majesty's service, and experience of nearly thirty years, as a naval me* dical man, and a knowledge of his private worth, by one mem~ '', ''nr' ■J 1 a u: u INTRODUCTION. ber of the Committee, founded on a long acquaintance, afford- ed an assurance, that every effort would be made on hiu part, toc''.M:ythe emigrants safely, and comfortably, to their ultimate destination : and as Mr. Brydone had, in the early part of his life, been practically ac(iuaintcd with farming, in Scotland, and as he had, at a later period, made a very extend- ed journey in the interior of Australia, he was peculiarly well qualified to form a correct opinion of the nature of the country to which he was about to proceed, and to point out the mcst eligible spots for location. The Committee therefore deeming it inexpedient to fetter his exertions, by any very detailed instructions, gave him only the few general ones which follow. I'etworth 14th. April, 1834. Instructions of the Petworth Emigration Committee^ to J. M. Brydone Esq. their superintendent in the British Tar. *The Conunittee having first originated aiul hitherto steadily pursued, the plan of conveying such emigrants as are placed muler their management, the whole distance to York, in Upper Canada, instead of turning them adrift, as had been before done, at the out ports ; and the superiority of the plan, having been fully proved, by the very satisfactory results that have ensued ; they are the more anxious to persevere in it ; and entrust its execution to Mr. Brydone on this occa- sion, with peculiar satisfaction ; and, well assured as they feel, that Mr. Brydone will exercise all practicable economy, they hope, that he will not be deterred from a full performance I i i ^ INTHOnLCTlOV, m of tlicii' ongagcim'iit to tl»e puhlic, l)y the risk of any lulditioii- ul cxpciico. On arriving iit York, U. C. Mr. Brydone will first com- inunicjitc with A. U. Iliiwke, Esq. tlu" govcnuuent agent for emigrants in that city, who will probahly attend him to wait on the Governor. From Mr. liawke, Mr. Brydone will re- ceive the best information, and such assistance as may be necessary, towards the forwarding the emigrants to the different places, to which they may wish (having friends already settled there) to proceed, or which may be recom- mended to them by the Government, as likely to afford advantageous locations, or profitable employment. The Committee wish to recjmmend to Mr. Brydonc's peculiar care, on their arrival at York, U. C. any boys, or lads, who may be placed under his charge, and who do not belong to any families going out, and to use every effort in his power, towards placing them with masters of good cha- racter, and, where practicablt*, getting tUi^m apprenticed. Mr. Brydone is requested to keep a particular account of the destination of the different families, and individuals, and to. communicate the same to the Committee." i How Mr. Brydone acquitted himself of the charge en- trusted to him, what his opinion is of the country through which he travelled, and of the different routes to Upper Canada, will appear.froni a perusal of the following pages. T. SOCKETT. Pctworth, Pec. IHth. 18;H. — ^ -. I 1 NARRATIVE. The BRITISH tar, a. l, 3S3 Tons, commanded by Captain Robert Crawford, had been taken up by the Com- mittee, for the conveyance of emigrants to Montreal, and had been fitted up, xm a substantial manner, with a double row of berths, six feet square, the whole length of the vessel from the partition, or bulkhpad of the Captain's cabin, to that which bounded the space for the seamen. A partition was built across the ship, before the main hatchway, and another abaft the main mast, by which, the portion appropriated to the emigrants, was divided into three parts, each having its own separate access, namely, by the fore, main, and after hatchways. The division forward, was appropriated to the boya, above fourteen years of age, and single men : the other two to the •| families : the partition between which, was so constructeii| i as to give a separate water closet to each of these divisions, k thereby avoiding the risk, and inconvenience, especially ta females and children, or others in delicate health, attendant on going on deck in bad weather, and at the same time se- curing perfect cleanliness and comfort. By this arrangement, either of these divisions could, if required, have been readily appropriated as intermediate berths, to persons rather above the conunon class, or, in the I event of sickness, during the voyage, become a place of complete separation. No berths were placed across any of the partitions — ^The whole centre of the ship was left free, except a small store- ;;,- room, for the convenience of issuing the provisions. It at once struck me, that these arrangements were excel- lent, and such as ought to be adopted on board every ship carrying emigrants. April 1 7th, ia34.— The British Tar sailed from Spit- head, with a fine fair wind from the Eastward, having on board li-J5 emigrants, namely 81 men, 20 women, and 34 children, from the county of Sussex, and Isle of Wight, for Upper Canada. ,.■1 I A b ■/ ! ii ll T iniiuedititely forme;! tlie people into messes, amounting to twenty in number, and issued the following Regulations : Spit head, Xjth April, 1834. RULES AND HFinrLATIONfl OF J. M. BRVDONE, VO Btt OB- SERVED BY TIIK EMIGRANTS ON BOARD TMB BRITISH TAR, 1st. — ^The Bread and Water avIII be issued daily, between six and seven in the morninjj. 2nd. — ^I'he beef or pork, on Sundays, Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at ten in the forenoon ; and on these days, brandy, or rum and water, at two in the aft-ernoon. 3rd. — The flour, raisins, cheese, and butter, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at ten in the forenoon. 4th. — ^l''he tea, or coff.'e, and sugar, on Saturdays, at four in the afternoon. 5th. — One man to be selected from each mess, to draw the provisions and water. Four of the yount^ men, in daily rota- tion, to assist tlie cook in getting up the provisions, coals, and water, fill the water cisterns, and keep the upper deck clean and dry. 6th. — John Gamblin, William Green, atul William Mar- liii, to attend the issuing of the provisions and water, in daily rotation, to see that the messes occasion no delay, and that justice is done to all. 7th. — ^The heads of the messes in the fore steerage; Per- ring, Snelling, Voice, and Warren, in the middle steerage ; Bassam, Coleman, Ditton, and West, in the after steerage ; to see that the btrths and deck of the ship be properly cleaned *very morning, before mnCy the deck swept up, after every meal, and the water cistern kept constantly supplied with ■water, by the young men in rotation ; who are also requested to give some assistance to the families, if required by the su- perintendent to do so. 8th. — .John Gamblin, William Green, and William Mar- tin, to visit the berths daily, and when clean, report to the superintendent for his inspection, in the forenoon. 9th. — All the parties before named, to prevent smoking between decks, swearing, or improper conduct of any sort : and all .ire retpiired to refrain from such acts as may tend to tKsturb the comfort and harmony of the whole. KHh. — No person to remove, or take a light from the lamps, or move the lamps from their position, unless directed ':% i T ■CBm by the auperinteudent, or master uf the !il)ip to do io; and all complaints, or causes of complaint, to be submitted to the superintendent, who will immediately enquire into them, and as far as in his poM er, cause them to be removed. SCALE FOR THE ISSUING OF PROVISIONS. Daily, Bread, \ pound ; water, | gallon. Sanday. Beef, 1 pound; potatoes, if pound; rum and water, ^ pint. Monday. Flour, J pound; raisins, i pound; cheese, | pound; butter, |^ pound. Tuesday. Pork, 1 pound; potatoes, 1^ pound; brandy and water, \ pint. Wednesday. Flour, i pound; raisins, \ pound; cheese, | pound; butter, ^ pound. Thursday. Beef, 1 pound; potatoes, 1| pound; rum and water, ^ pint. Friday. Flour, \ pound; raisins, | pound; cheese, 4 pound; butter, j pound, Saturday. Pork, 1 pound; potatoes, I^ pound; brandy and water, \ pint. Weekly. Tea, 2 oz., or coffee, 4 oz.; sugar, 1^ ponnd. When retjuired, vinegar, mustard, and soap. Preserved meat, and porter, for the use of the sick. Sunday, April 20th. — Read prayers, and the sermon which had been addressed to the Emigrants, on board the Lord Melville and Eveline, in 1832, by the Rev. T. Sockett, Rec- tor of Petworth. The same wind with which we sailed from Portsmouth, continued until the 26th April, by which time, we had reached the long, of 36.4/ . having run nearly half our distance. At noon, the sun obscure : calm, foggy weather, with constant rain, and heavy sea. The ship rolling much, the cooking coppers were upset before dinner, without other injury, than that of dirtying the beef, and frightening John Barton the cook, M'hose post was immediately filled by Job. Hodge. In the evening, the wind sprung up from the N. W. and increased to a strong gale in the night. Sunday, April 27th. — At 4 A. M. Wind N. moderate bipee/e, and clear weather. Read p""yers. Lat. 46,3; long. Of . o. 1 '. I ■it' ' i 6 The moniing of the 28th April broiight us an Increase to our party, Mrs. Ditton having been safely put to bed of a girl. The lead pipe, from the water closets, was choaked up through carelessness ; the carpenter, in endeavouring to clear it of a large bone, injured the pipe so much, as to render its removal necessary, and reported that he could not repair it. In this dilemma, two young men (Kemps) voluntarily brought their knowledge and labour to our aid, and repaired it in a substantial manner. The lead which had been used was much too thin : and I mention the circumstance by way of precau- tion, on any future occasion, as there is scarcely a greater privation on board of an Emigrant ship, than the loss of this kind of accommodation. April 29th. — A violent gale, the wind blowing very hard from the west, from the attention however, of Captain Crawford to the ship, and still more, from the qualities of the ship herself, we rode safely, and triumphantly, through the storm ; and the people suffered but little comparative incon- venience. From tills period, the winds continued alternately adverse, and favouriible. Finding that all the people, more especially those affected by sea sickness. Mere suftiering much from thirst and cold, duri.ng this tempestuous weather ; and that the latter, was increasing as v.e approached Newfoundland, and knowing, from experience, tlitit the water on board of a ship, is, at no time, a very palatable beverage, 1 procured s(>nie peas from Captain Crawford, and caused to be made for every person a pint of excellent soup, which was so generally liked, that I was induced to continue it, every Tuesday and Saturday, un- til we reached the river St. Lawrence. April 30th and May 1st. — A strong gale from the west. May 4th. (Sunday.) — \Vhether there be any thing clerical in my manner or appearance, I cannot pretend to say, but certain it is, that this day, Mrs. Ditton's husband came to me, and gravely rcqtursted to have the child, born on Monday last, baptized. May 8th. — At 4 A.M. A most beautiful morning, the wind S. S. W., and the sea as smooth as glass. At noon cold, lat. 43.9; long. rjO.27. At 2 P.M. passed within one hun- dred yards of an ice berg, about 100 yards long, 30 yards broad, and 10 or 12 yards high. At 5 P. M. passed another ice berg, and at 9 P. M. a third. May 9th. — Obtained soundings on the grand bank of New- foundland in 50 fathoms. Long. 54.32. Passed three briga at anchor, flashing. 1 I t?' May 10th. — At 6 P. M. Spoke tlio Calcdoiiijin from riull to Miraniichi ; out four weeks. Her long, by chr. 53.20. May 1 1th. — At 5 A. M. wind S. S. W. strong breezes, and hazy, with rain. At 8, light breezes, and thick fog ; snn obscure. At 6 P. M. strong breezes, and clear. Therniom. 131. May 12 — Found soundings in 40 fathoms. May 13th. — Strong breezes with rain. Wind W. S. W. May 14th.— Wind W. S. W. Course N. W. Thick fog, and inclining to calm. At noon fresh breezes, and clear. I^al . 46.48. The wind shifted suddenly to North West. At 3 P. M. discovered the high ground of Newfoundhiud. The people were rejoiced at the sight of land, but nothing flat- tered by its snow covered mountains. At 6 P. M.— Wind W. Tacked the ship when about 10 miles from the shore. Cape Ray bearing N. by W. distance 20 miles. May 15th. — ^Wind W. A remarkably fine day ; the people enjoying themselves dancing on deck, to the violin. Mrs. Ritton, who was confined on the 28th. ultimo, (seventeen days since) and her husband, the most actively engaged in this exercise. May 16th. — ^Tlic wind fair, and the water smooth. At noon, passed Bird Island in the Gulph of St. Lawrence. Four new cases of measles. At 8 P. M. — Wind N. W. Fresh breezes, with hail and rain. May 17th. — WindN. Strong gales with heavy rain, and snow, during the night. Cape Gaspe N. W. by N. distant 25 miles. May 18th. — Wind N. W. Strong breezes, and clear. At 10 P. M. Anticosti light E. by N. i N. distant 10 miles. At 8 A. M. — Off the river Magdalen. Mr. Peltie a pilot came on board. Country mountainous. May 22nd. — Fair wind, and smooth water, saw many white porpoises in the river. At Mai Bay, 80 miles below Quebec, there is a fishery of them ; they are about 12 or \^ feet long, and will each yield a barrel of oil. The breadth of the river is here about 20 miles ; depth 60 feet. During the night, a succession of fires, arising from the burning of trees in clearing, on each bank of the river, lighted and cheered us on our way. TTier^are plenty of salmon in the rivers entering the St. Lawrence. May 23rd. — At 4 A. ^L we arrived at Grosse Isle, after a passage of thirty five days. The wind N. E. The plan, of issuing the provisions daily, preventv-cl any loss r ] i I I 1 8 to iiHliritluJils ; either from want of ineiiiih for their preserra- tioii, or from carelessness ; and the attention paid to this sub- ject, by Mr. Upton, the steward, precluded all complaint on that score. The provisions were remarkably good ; all continued to the last, in an excellent state of preservation. Many of the families admitted that the daily allowance was more than sufficient ; all the peOj.le spoke of their supe- rior quality, and several of the young men expressed a wish that the voyage might last for six months. By a strict observance of the rules and regulations, I may say, comparatively s[)eaking, that I experienced very little trciuble^ — with one or two exceptions, 1 have no com- plaint to make, and none was made to me, of any improper conduct, but such as arose from the thoughtlessness of youths 1 found no difficulty, in procuring such services as were required, without further extra allowances, than a bottle of brandy weekly, to Mr. Upton, Gamblin, Green, and Martin— u bottle of rum weekly to the cook, and the men who assisted him, for the days only, on which no grog was issued ; and a bottle of rum weekly, which I thouglit it advisable to give to the ship's company, in brder to promote a good under- standing, between them, and the people — in the latter object I fully succeeded All were comfortable and contented. We had, during the voyage, our ahare of sea sickness ; but out of the whole party, only two women, five men, and two boys, suffered severely ; in these cases a cup of coffee M'as the most grateful beverage, but as usual, the most certain, and effectual relief, was derived from lying down in their berths. We had also, during the voyage, twelve cases of measles,, seven of these, had perfectly recovered before our arrival at Grosse Isle, four •were at the time recent, and mild cases» between the sixth, and eight day, of the disease — and one remained in a state of convalescence, though under consider- able debility, having embarked as an invalid £i-om a severe attack of influenza. All the people, with the above excep- tions, were in high health and spirits. Here we counteu twenty eigl't vessels, at the anchorage. At 9, A. M. Captain Nicholas, the harbour master, came along side, and furnished us with a copy of a Proclamation, of the executive Council of Lower Canada, dated at Quebec, 27th. March, 1834 ; directing that all ships M'ith cases of Asiatic cholera, fever, snudl pox, or severe cases of scarlatina^ orage. came ation, aebec, ses of atiiiu. i^ f)'* nirriKlrs, sliall hv put niuirr quMniiitlup ; and all patients Under the almvr discjuses went to the hospital. At 10, A. M. the inspectinjy Hhy.sician, Dr. Fortie, came on board ; mus- tered the passentaiu our liberty — atul I am satisfu'd, s«ich wotdd have been the case, had any discretionary power rested with the authorities at Grosse Isle, I>ut unfortunately we came within the limits of a general enactment. May 24tli. — The regidations required, that every man, who had chaff or straw, in Ms bed, should throw it overboard, although, none M'as allowed to replace it. This circumstance, may be but of trifling moment, to the generality of emigrants, who in 24 hours, reach Quebec, and there quit their ships ; but not so to our people, who were to proceed in a body, and had still before them, a pas- sage of ten days, to Toronto (late York) ; some of the women being at the time, near the period of their confinement. It is true, that Captain Read, the Commandant, to whom I had appealed, on the subject, told me, on the day of our liberation, that he had just received a supply of straw, for the service of the hospital; and offered nic some, but I preferred purchasing, at Quebec, or Montreal, to avoid further delay. Sunday, 25th. May. Read prayers to the people, and de- livered a testament and prayer book, in their presence, with admonition and advice, to Samuel ilichardson ; who, on his way from Brighton to Portsmouth, sold his bible, to John Barton, for eighteen pence. May 27th. — Received orders to land the people for inspec- tion, who were obliged (the wind and tide being unfavour- able) to remain on shore all night. Captain Crawford's boat's crew, having got some drink vn shore, became unruly. n \^ i f 10 f a > ami were put. in the guard house. Consequently, Capt;U[l Crawford and myself, were unable to j;'et on board. Captain Read the commandant, had the kuidncss and hos' pitality to make us both dine with him, and to send us on board by his own boat, at (midnight) the time of high water. May 28th. — At 9 A. M. carried bread and cheese on shore for the people. Inmiigated the ship. At 1 P. ^I. obtiiined permission to re-embark the people. At 5 P. M., got all the people and their baggage safely on b:)ard, although William Dighton had a momentary dip .in the water, along side the ship. May 31. — At noon we were liberated from quarantine. Brought on board our convalescent, improved in health. Weighed anchor with the tide : nearly calm. At 8 P. M. wind contrary : anchored for the night. On the 5th May, the first ship of the season had arrived at Grosse Isle, and by this time, the number amounted to 327, brintring G4.5 cabin, and 10,919 steerage passengers : in all 1 1 ,5t)4 Emigrants. Sunday, June 1st. — At 6 A.M. weighed, with a light bree/e, from the N. E. a remarkably fine day. At 11 A. M. reached the Isle of Orleans, which is about 20 miles long, 4 miles wide, and .50 miles in circumference; the river is 16 miles wide, and fresh at lo.v water, the scenery beauti- ful ; the people were highly delighted — those who hitherto hesitated, from the sterile, and mountainous appearance of the land, to give an opinion, now yielded their ready appro- bation, saying. "This will do." On the upper end of the Island, the timber ships Columbus, and Baron Renfrew, were built. After passing the Isle of Orleans, to the south, the beautiful falls of Montmorency, on the north side of the river, open to the view. At 1 P. M. anchored at Quebec, which is situated on the promontory of Cape Diamond, 320 ftet high, and 360 miles up the St. Lawrence. Delayed by the customary visitations, and inspections, of ILarbour Master, Custom Ilouse, and Quarantine Officers: but more especially, by changing our pilot ; and the new one refusing to go on, until the following morning. A fine fresh breeze from the N. E. with thunder, lightening, and rain, (luring the night. Here a novel appearance, presents itself, in the tin covered roofs, of the churches, and public buildings, which produce a brilliant effect in the sun. William War- rtMi. his wife and child, M'ere left here. if n 11 Jiiiip 2nd — At 7 A. M. got uiuler weigh, witlj a Hnr fuii* Wind, from the N. F^. At 10 A. M. the wind cume suddenly like a torrent from the westward i we were in consequenctf obliged to anchor at Wolf's cove. At 2 P. M. went on shore with Captain Crawford, and engaged a steam boat, (the St. George) to tow us up the river : about midnight the boat took us in tow. June 3rd. — We passed the rapids of llichlieu, in the night, M'hich was very dark. At 11 A. M. reached Trolt Riviere, 90 miles from Quebec* and 90 miles from Montreal. Here we took in a supply of wood, for fuel. The country is rich, and Well cultivate(l, on the banks of the river St. Tiaw- rence; b\it being generally Hat, the scenery has little variety. At 6 P. M. passed tlirough the south channel of the Lake St. Peter: the entrance is so narrow, that one miglit almost leap on shore, and so concealed, as to give no indieation of a passage, until it opens suddenly through, a beautiful, grassy flat, or meadow. In the dusk of tlie evening, we passed Sorel, 40 miles from Montreal, by midnight: we had got over the Rapids, and difficult part of the passage, up the river: we were obliged however, to wait, an hour or two, for the tide, in order to pass some rocky shallows and narrow's. June 4lh. — At 4 A, M. we arrived at Montreal, advan- tageously sittiated for trade, and shipping : the town is large and populous; the houses good, built of stone; streets pretty iregular, and wide: here are fine buildings, partictdarly, a very handsome Roman Catholic Cathedral, built of red free stone ; here is a beautiful hill of considerable elevation, in the back groiuid of the town. At 9 A. M. called on the Hon. Peter Mc.Gill, from whom, I received the greatest possible attention, and assistance, and who gave me some useful information, about the old route by the St. Lawrence, and the new on^, by the Rideau canal. Having conducted the people thus far, in safety, I cannot avoid remarking, how much they were cast down, and annoyed, by having been detained under quarantine, for nine days, landed, with all their luggage for inspection, at Grosse Isle, and obliged to remain on shore there, all the night; without any other shelter, than that of an open shed, witii barely room sufficient for the women and children. It is impossible for me to describe, how sorry I was, to sec ii cleanly, and healthy people, mixed, as they were in the dirt, and filth, of thousands •( ij m I Tlip vexation, wliicli I ex|>erienceil from these clrcuujstan- ccs, was j^reatly increased, by the contniuance of a fine fair wind from the N. E., diiring the whole time of our detention, which wonhl have carried us to Montreal, hi thirty- six hours! And further, by the expenoe of £6 : 15 ; 0, which we were daily incurrinjif — aniountint^ for nine days t«> iJOO : 15 : 0. Mortified, liowever, as I was, by these occurrences; I soon found myself placed, uniler circumstances, still more vexa- tious ; by the sudden changing of wind, from fair, to foul, at Quebec : here 1 was under the necessity of engaging a steam boat to tow the ship to Montreal ; on arriving at which city, a charge of £2\ : 7 '•^h '^^^ half- passage money, fr')m Quebec, in addition to £53 : 7 : 1^ for towage, was preferred against me, which, notwithstanding svery remonstrance, I was obli- ged to pay. Thus, by this detention, have the Committee been exposed, imnecessarilv, (tho' unavoidably on my part) to an expenoe of X'i;i5 :!.'>: 4. I'his circumstance, has l>een to me, a subject of continued regret, and to the Committee one of peculiar hardship, as they spare neither toil, care, nor expence, in funiishing the Enngrants, sent out under their management, with the moNt ample allowance of provisions, water, and every comfort, which a ship can alTord ; both in regard to accommodation, O-nd saii'ty. Not u\any medical men, of the present day, would place a ship under quarantine, on account of a few cases of measles^ more especially, at a time, when the disesise prevailed in the country ; at Quebec, and Montreal, and probably in every town of Lower Canada. The cases of measles, on hoard the British Tar, were of tl'.e rt/i/t/cA. description; therefore I say, as a professional man, that the detention at Grosse Isle, and consequent expence, were unnecessary; the more so, as those cases, were placetl under such arrangements, as would have prevented, their mixing, with strangers, before their arrival at Toronto; a journey of ten days. I do not blame the authorities of Grosse Isle, for any of these occurrences : I am satisfied, that the accommodation, aiul assistance, at that place, is not adequate, to the duties of the station j and I believe, they have little, or no discre- tionary power. The principal place, where persons in quar- antine, at Grosse Isle, are sent to wash, and clean their clothes, and themselves, is a continued succession, of small. I m rujjgpd, projecting puints, of rock, where the filtli accunm- latea, in the hollows, and eddies',, until the winds scatter it abroad, over the clean, and the unclean; instead of the ground being levelled, and the filth, swept into the River St. Law- rence. Were the ground, properly levelled, the prevailing winds, would nearly perform the work of sweeping. The inspection of Enii:^rant8, and their lugju[age, might be per- formed, in a manner equally efficacious, on board their ships; by which mode, those who have aii\ elothos, to inspect, would be saved, from much uiniccessary trouble, and annoy- ance, and at the same time, thereby a^'oiH, the risk ol' loss of property and life. Engaged of Mr. Gushing, a new boat, to carry us to King- ston, at 12«. (id. per passage, including one cwt. of baggage, for each full passage ; and eight cwt. of provisions. This vessel was dift'erent from the Durham boats, used on former occasions ; of which there has been so miicli coujplaint : she was entirely decked over, hud a good connuodious cabin, witfi fixed bed places, in which were accommodated tlic principal l)art of the women, girls, and children. The access to the cabin, was by a good stair, or what is called, a companion ladder. Tlie vessel, had a main hatch- way, near which, the remainder of the females, and children, M'ere placed, next to the cabin ; and a fore- hatchway, by which the young, and single men, entered to their berths. This part of the boat, was not partitioned off, from that down the main hatchway; but the whole of the married men, were placed between the single ones, and the females. By tliis arrangement, the whole party had ample room for sleep- ing, in the night, and protection, and shelter, either from bad weather, or heat of the sun, by day, and felt perfectly comfor- table; behig,a8 nearly as possible, in the same relative position, ■which they had been accustomed to in the British Tar, and from which they might easily fancy themselves not yet removedt In this manner, the people proceeded, from Montreal to Kingston, without being once removed from the boat, and I immediately found a conveyance for the whole party, (125) on board the Cobourg steamer, to Toronto. As steam boats letive Kingston daily, for Toronto, there is no probability of even a large party, being detained for more than 24 hours ; and Emigrants proceeding by the St. Law- rence, are liable to the like detention at Prescott. June 5th. — Landed the baggage, and provisions for eight days J which were conveyed free of expence, by Mr. Cushing's ri i '.I 14 n '. t carts, tu his store huime ; tliere weighed, iiiul put un buard the boat; (50 cwt. charged extra) but too late to start before the morning. Here I purchased straw, to fill twenty-five bed ticks, which had been eni,jt.icd at GronHC Ible: the people were coinfort- uhly ucconuuuduted for the night, in Air. Cushing's store* house. We were prevented landing the remainder of the provi- sions, in tinu* for tlie custom house hours, by the absence of the seamen of the British Tar: but Captain Crawford enga. ged to deposit them, with the Hon. Peter Me. Gill, the fol- lowing day. Sealed, and delivered the medicine chest, into the hands of Captain Crawford, for conveyance to Kngland. Mr. and Mrs. Huntley, and Mr. and Mrs. Bassum, and child, who had paid for their passage, only to Montreal, quitted our party. Georj^e Townsend, Charles Crossing, William Rackett, and George Walden ; left here, but with- out pcrmissiun. June Gth. — At 7 A. M. t]\v boat, with the people, set out for Lacliine, 1 remuiiied myself at Montreal, for a few hours to settle accounts, w ith the Hon. Peter Mc.Gill, and Mr. Cushing, whom I would strongly recommend, to persons passing on to the Upper Province, for his attenuon to the busuiess of his otHce, readiness to give information, respecting the mode of proceeding, and his remarkable civility, and pa- tience, towards thoMc who apply to him. At 11 A.M.I left Montreal, by coach, and had the good fortune, to find, amongst my fellow travellers, on the outside, Mr. Gunn, i\ gentleman in the Commissariat Department, proceeding also to Lachine, in charge of two government bat- teaux; having stores for Kingston, accompanied by his friend, Mr. Hodges, Adjutant of the 24th Kegt. on a pleasure excur- sion. At noon, reached Lachine, a distance of eight miles; where I found our boat ; here we were detained five hours, in con- sequence of the steam boat, having got aground up the river. While waiting for her arrival, Mr. Gunn, and Mr. Hodges, took a row boat, and crossed the river, to view a large vil- lage, of native blacks ; and were anxious, to persuade me, to accompany them ; I declined with reluctance, not thinking it prudent, to leave the people, and it was well I did, from what occurred with William vVest, who having got some beer, quarrelled whh Henry Sncliinj, beat SncUing's wife, and be- *??: I 1.5 un board art before ks, which cumfort- g's titurc- be provi- bsencf of [)rd enga> 1, the fol. hands of Huin, and Vlontruul, Cross in{^, but with- ', set out "ew hours and Mr. ) persons m to the t'specting , and pji- the good outside, mrtment, iient bat- is friend, e excur- ; where in con- ne river. Hodges, irge vil- e me, to inking it sm what ne beer, and be- coming exeecdingly cross, and sMibhorn, set off for Mon- treal, with the intention of returninif to Enghind, and, leaving behind him, seven chihlren, under twelre years, and his wife, very near the time of her confinement, with the eightii. I immediately set out mvself, in pursuit of him, accompanied by six men : alter a diligent search, he was fortunately dis- J covered, in some bushes, a mode, of concealment, probably * not new to him, being an old smuggler. This happened, just at the riglit moment, as the stfam boat, that was to tow us. hud arrived in the mean time, and the master was impatient to set off. We started at five, in a remarkably fine evening; and were at once delighted, and astonished, at the magnificence, and grandeur, of the scenery, as we ascended the river Ottawa. Just before dark, we arrived at the mouth, of a short canal, in the seignory of Vaudreuil ; 30 miles from Laehine. This canal, has been cut through a reef of rocks, which extends across the river, by the company of forwarders ; and it has one lock : in the stream, there is not more than two, or three, feet water. As we approached, several small boats, or canoes, were fishing, and others preparing to fish, with harpoons. We entered the lock, just at the close of day, and saw some young men, wading, in the stream, and spearing plenty of iish, by the light of their torches, which powerfully, and agreeably, called to mind, the scenes of my youth, in the Et- terick, the Yarrow, and the Tweed. We experienced considerable delay, in getting through the lock, first with the steam boat, then our boat, and next the two government batteaux. This seignory had descended to two heiresses, Mr. Bingham, (an American) married one of them ; and Mr. Ilarwood, of Sheffield, the other. Here is a mill belonging to the latter. The navigation, both before we reached, and after we left Vaudreuil, is very intricate, and difficult, in the night time; but from the experience of the boatmen, we got on without interruption. June 7th. — At / A, M. we arrived at Carrillon, 30 miles from Vaudreuil: from this place, passengers proceed by coach, to Grenville. Mr. and Mrs. Pluntley, who had rejoined at Laehine, went on by this conveyance, as did also (Mr. Gunn's friend) Mr. Hodges ; with a request to the Captain, of the eteam boat, at Grenville, from Mr. Gunn, to wait for him. At Ca-'illon, we entered a canal of two miles, in length j ( ''4 16 / S^ with tluTc loc'k.s upon it : alciig tliisciinalj tlic buuts arc usu- ally tracked by horses, but they not being '\n readiness, the people willingly performed the work, and in a short period of til tve again entered the river. Mere, after the delay of nn hour, another steam boat took us in tow, for three miles, when we again entered a short canal, cut through the solid rock ; with one lock, in order to pass the rapids of Chute an Blondeau, llcre the river is divided into two streams, by a mass of high rocks, sixty, or eighty yards long, which has the pp- pc rance, of having been torn off, from the main land, by toonic convulsion of nature. The current is here so strong, that the steam boat, M-as compelled to keep close under the high land of the main stream; where the water is very deep, and comjiaratively still. 'I'he steam boats, in returning, do not pass through the lock, but go down the principul stream, which carries *hem along \^'ith great rapidity. Having ascended the river, for two miles from Chute au Blondeau ; we arri\ ed at the entrance of the Grenville canal, which is cut through a I'.ori/ontal stratum of schistus rock, for :i distance of seven miles: it has seven locks. We « ere towed through the canal by horses. As we approached (ircnville, Mr. Hodges met us, ami said, that the steam boat, hml left that place, (the passengers for the previous day, who had already been detained twenty, four hours, refusing to wait any longer) but that, the Cap- tain had promised, he would return for us, the next day. At noon, we reached (ircnville : no accommodation for strangers in the village. Mr. Hodges, fortunately for us all, had an acquaintance here, on whom he called, a Mr. Eddy, Paymaster of the Ordnance Department, in charge of the canal, and of the people employed on it. Mr. Eddy, came down to the canal, and asked Mr. Gvnn to dinner ; an liour afterwards, Mr. Eddy, accompanied by Mr. Hodges, came down to the water side, where they found me preparing to take a dip, in the cool, limpid, stream ; he in- sisted also on my joining them, at dinger; which WviS waiting. — I did so. After enjoying a very good meal, Mr. Gnnn's men, man- ned Mr. Eddy's boat, and we made an excursion, with the family, across a large bay, formed by a sudden turn, and ex- pansion of the river, to view the Falls of Chalumet, which arc formed by a siuall stream of water, dashing over a prcci- 17 W arc uau- iieaa, the period of )()at took I a short ill order I mass of i the pp- huul, by Doat, wan the maiit A'ely still. oUiTli the •ies *heni Chute au lUe canal, rock, for ere towed i us, and assengers tl twenty- the Cap- day. atiou for For us all, Ir. Eddy, re of the Gvnn to ;d by Mr. found me ; he in- waiting. ^en, man- with the and ex- et, which a preci- pitous rock of seventy feet high. About half a mile higher up the rivulet, a quarry of variegated marble, on a white ground, has been discovered, and a mill for sawing it lately erected. Returned to spend the evening, and to the enjoyment of e.vcellent beds : gave Mrs. Eddy six testaments to distribute. Sunday, June 8th. rose early, and visited the people, and gave them permission to attend church: returned to breakfast, with Mr. Eddy's family : we were all preparing for church, when the steam boat came in sight, and in an instant, were on the move ; by noon, jdl were embarked, the boat, in tow of the steamer, and we on our wav. At 2 P. M. passed on our left La Rosif', nolc, the residence of Sir C. Grant, in thn township of IlawKesbury. At T) P. M. passed a pretty island, with a good neat house, on a small hill, in v.'hich a man, of the name of Winsor (one of the mutineers of the Nore) resides. June 9th, at 5 A. M. we reached Bytown, about (50 miles froni Cirenville. Accompanied Mr. Hodges, to visit the ChaV'. diere Falls, or grand rapids of the Ottawa, which are situated, about a mile out of our course, higher up the river. There is here, a connnunication, with Hull, on the opposite side, by a succession of l)ridges, thrown across the rapids : elevated por- tions of rock, resembling an artificial embankment, running across a dry ravine, and affording an easy access, to these bridges : here many lives have been lost, many rafts of timber have been wrecked in these rapids ; numbers of fine spars, and logs lay, rotting, entirely out of the reach of man; in the deep holes, and crevices, of the rocks, worn by the continued fall of the water, in its mighty, and impetuous course — the scene is wild, and granil. Retvirned to Hytown, to breakfast on board the steam boat Toronto. Here, we quitted the Ottawa, and entered the Hide.'iu canal, by a successicm of eight locks, of excellent workmanship, and durable materials ; affording a rise of eighty-one feet : we were detained an hour, by two steam boats, in vain attemptin«r to pass each other in the upper basin of the canal. Surely the possibility of passitig should be reduced to a certainty, and not left for idle experiment. At Ilogsback: four miles from Bytown, there are two locks, with a rise of thirteen and a half feet : the canal here, is nar- row, and passes, a part of the way, through a natural hollow, j^t Black rapids, fcmr miles from Hogsback, there are two I :<;ks, with a rise of tifteen feet. At Long Island rapids, eight miles from Black rapids, and rr^i^^r^^^m ,1 f I i' 18 sixteen miles from Bjtown ; we reach a «Uim across a fivef i where are three locks, with a rise of thirty feet t stopped during the niji^ht, between Long Island and Burrett's rapids} the latter twenty-seven miles, from Long Island rapids: here? is one lock, with a rise of nine feet: limestone prevails here. June 10th : Nicholson's rapids, three miles from Burrett'ai rapids, two locks, with a rise of fifteen feet. Clowes Quarry falls, half a mile, from Nicholson's rapids ; one lock, with a rise of nine (eet : here the canal crosses the river i the ground is prettily undulated, and country beautiful: limestone prevails* Merricksville, two and a half miles, from Clowes Quarry j three locks, two basins, with a rise of thirty-one feeft : here is a saw, and grist mill, an;! a block-hou«e: land much cleared. Six miles from Merricksville, and one mile, from Maitland'si Falls, there is a fine farm on the left hand, and a considerable quantity of cleared land. Maitland's Falls ; seven miles from Merricksville, one lock, with a rise of only two feet : land good. Ednumd's Falls ; three miles from Miiitland's Falls, one lock, with a rise of ten feet: here yoit see the junction of the four townships, of Emsley, Kitley, Montague, and VVolford : scenery very pretty, the land good, and much cleared : enter the lake llideau : four miles further, we arrived at Edmund's upper dam ; one lock, with five feet rise. ()ld Sly's Falls ; fimr miles, from Edmund's Falls ; two locks, with a rise of fifteen feet: here you enter the canal, or luck, at a right angle, the passage is narrow, and much in- commoded, by about twenty stumps of trees, on the project- ing angle; which might easily be removed, and the entrance widened, by one half: here is plenty of freestone. Smith's Falls ; two and a half miles from Old Sly's Falls ; three locks, with a rise of thirty-four feet : here is a small village, rapidly increasing, from the facility of erecting water mills, of which there are already several, in operation, its chief reconmiendation : here is a rocky island of hard lime- stone, approaching to marble : the country is swampy, and a chain, of beaver meadows, runs a distance of several miles, back towards Merricksville. At First rapids, three miles from Smith's Falls, and eight from Oliver's Ferry, there is one lock j with a rise of seven feet. Fi /e miles from the latter place, the Tay, or Perth river, enters the Rideau lake, on a smooth bed of limestone rock : here we stopped for the second night. f 19 1 stopped t's rapids j pids: herd ails here. I Burrett'ai es Quarry ick, with a he ground le prevails* !s Quarry ; fed; : here ch cleared. Maitlaiid's insiderable !, one lock, Falls, on«} tion of the , Wolford : red: enter Edmund's Falls; twa e canal, or much in- le project- e entrance y's Falls ; is a small ting water ation, its hard lime- unpy, and of several and eight ie of seven ;rth river, one rock : .Time 1 1th : at 4 A. M. passt'l the Narrows, about on^ huu- (Irt'd iVet wide, twenty-one miles from ihe first rapids ; one lock, with a rise only of two feet ; this is the summit level of the ilideau canal: here is a block-house. Filevation about 2o0 feet above the Ottawa, pi Bytown ; and 150 ftet above Lake Ontarid. Oliver's Ferry, runs across the Lower Narrows, of Lake Rideau ; eight miles from Perth, and thirty-five miles, from Brockville : the public road passes the Rideau Lake at this place, which is 460 feet wide, and 35 feet deep. At 8 P. M. passed the Isthmus, about one mile in length, four and a half miles from the Narrows ; one lock, with a fall of three feet : the night being very dark, the boat got aground ; :.nd we were obliged, nothiiig loath, to wait till tlie morning. Called up in the night to Mrs. West, who had threatening »ymptoms of labour, but which passed aivay. June 12th. — The steam boat, being unable to make head- way against the Mind, let go her anchor, to avoid drifting, on the rocky shore ; and we did the same : soon afterwards, having cast off the battcaux, she proceeded with our boat only, as far as the nearest headland, and leaving us there, returned for the others. We then, all got on together, Avithout further difficulty, to Chaffey's Mills; four and a half miles from the Isthmus; one lock, with a fall of fourteen feet : here is abundance of limestone, resembling white granite. Davis's Mills; three miles from Chaffey's Mills; one lock, witli a fall of ten feet. .Tones's Falls; four miles from Davis's Mills; four locks, M'ith a fall of sixty feet : in approaching Jones's Falls, the scenery of the la^e is beautiful; the passage, re itic and intricate : here is a dam, of a semicircular form, o30 feet across, and C4 feet high ; s»d)stantially built, not an oozing of water : plenty of freestone, and limestone of the granite- like ajjpearance. In approaching Brewer's Mills ; we passed through a large lake (Cranherry) full of sedgy, floating, islands; havhig the ap- pearance, of a meadow, overflowed with water, and the passage very intricate. Brewer's Upper Mills; twelve miles from Jones's Falls; two locks, M'ith a fall of eighteen feet. Brewer's Lower Mills ; two miles from the Upper Mills ; one lock, with a fall of thirteen feet : the entrance to the ca- nal, was here, at a right angle to our general course, with a c w 4 I > I 20 rock in the ccntfe, leaving a passage ou either side, just wide enonj^h for the steam boat to pass. Kingston Mills, ten miles from Brewer's Lower Mills } four locks, with a full of 49fe?t; stopped for the fourth night: situation low and marshy. June 13th, at 8 A. M. arrived at Kingston, six miles fromi Kingston Mills ; having, notwithstanding the accidental de- lays, above described, arising from varions causes j and in no slight degree, from the impediments, presented by stumps, and floating trees, M'hich I trust, will not long be suffered to remain, accomplished the paassige, from Montreal to King- stonv in seven days. All the people arrived there in perfect health, for altho' from the dismal stories, spread ahroad of the extreme danger, to which they would be exposed, of contracting fever, and ague, in the swamps of the Kidcau, I had provided myself, with an ample supply of quinine, not one case occurred, among them, which required a single dose, of this, or any other medicine, since we left Montreal. 1 will subjoin an extract from the journal of a respectable man, William Phillips, of Merston, near Chichester, who Aveiit out with his wife and child in 18J^, at his own expence, to join his son, already settled in Adelaide, describing his route up the St. Lawrence ; and then leave the reader to form his own judgment sis to which of the two is the best. " In the morning, we with our luggage, went on board two large Durham boats, and was carried through the locksi in the Lachinc canal, there we were forced to unload the boats, to have every thing weighed; it was six in the evening, before we left this place, and got to Lachine at eleven at night ; could go no farther, for the lock : we expect'* Toronto, at iys. (id. per passage, in- cluding all luggage. About 20 women, and sonie of the youngest of the children, M'cre accommodated with beds in the fore i';d)in. June 14th, at 4 A. M. the steam boat touched at Cobourg. I came on deck here, to take a view of the place, which is certainly very pretty. The scenery on the banks of Lake Ontario was fine, and the expanse of water magnificent. At 3 P. M. we arrived at Toronto, 1/0 miles from Kings- ton, all in high health and spirits, not the slightest indisposi- tion felt by any of the people. I waited immediately on A. B. Ilawke, Es(|. the govern- ment agent for Emigrants, who accompanied me to the go- vernor's house, where I M-as gniciously-Teceived, delivered my credentials, and was directed by his excellency. Sir John Col- borne, to allow as many of the people as could find employ- ment for themselves, to do so. An open shed on the beach, or bay, was allotted for the people generally : a small house, at a considerable distance, with two or three rooms, was provided for one or two families, West's particularly, whose wife expected daily her confinement. All however declined the accommodation provided for them, and found lodgin^^s for themselves : the heavy luggage, 1 de.^ posited in a store on the wharf. k 2.'} «■ btittenux art, with- i^reat scr- lecitilly in ) and ii;f1u other wise fine stone a wooden jcd) coni- i strongly jawrence, Y milk or arrival at ; and half /Inch cost iiri^ steam ss.ige, in- ! children, Cobourg. which is fine. And n Kings- indisposi- ; govern- o the go- ivered my Fohn Col- emph)y- d for the ince, with 's, West's icnt. for them, igc, 1 dcr It would certainly have been of advantage to the people themselves, and convenient to me, under the circumstances, to have had them altogether, within my grasp : but I nmst admit, that the kind of accommodation offered, was calcu- lated only, for the most destitute description of Emigrants, and but ill suited to our people, (who were rather of a better class) at the termination of a voyage ; I could therefore nei- ther be surprised, nor find fault with them, for rejecting it. At 8 P. M., I found shelter for myself in the Ontario housu, where I was comfortably lodged; lived at a kind of table (I'liote of fifty or sixty persons ; and was much anuised to witness the rapidity with which the gentlemen assembled, at the ring- ing of a bell, and the despatch they made in eating, or ratlier devouring their meals, as if engaged in a match against time, or impelled by the most ravenous hunger. In a cpuirter of an hour, nearly all had swallowed tlieirfood and disappeared, except some few stragglers, who had come in late, and with whom I commonly finished my meal in quiet. June 15th. I considered that on arriving at Toronto, my expenditure for the people should cease ; but, as it was Sun- day, and they could not receive their money, payable at tlie oflice of the Canada company, and many were consecpienily without food, I procured, after nmeh search and troubs', enough bread and cheese and beer, to supply all, who applied to me, namely, fifty-eight persons with bread and cheese, and forty-one persons with beer. June 16th. Signed the peoples' drafts for their money on the Canada company, which they aii received, and were per- fectly contented. I called on Mr. Jones, of the Canada company, and found a letter from the Rev. T. Sockett. A most agreeable and de- lightful circumstance, to receive intelligence of friends at a ilistance ! This letter also contained the following ADDITIONAL IXSTRUCTIOXS. To spare no pains or expence to become master of the sub- ject, which is the preferable route, the Rideau or St. Law- rence ; what acconunodation of waggons; shelter of boats, 8ic. for women and children ? If the route by Quebec is considered a bad one, and that by New York, Albany, and Oswego, is likely to be performed with less discomfort, you will make every practicable encjuiry, as to any system of pgency, established at New York, and through the States, f ^ S4 to ensure any Emigrants from being enticed away from their ultimate destination, by delusive representations. Return by New York, and communicate with our English Emigration agents, at every station, explaining your com- mission from us, and reason for so doing. Some plan might possibly be hit upon for parties to be met at Toronto ; Hamil- ton ; Fort George ; Niagara ; or the Welland canal : we shall not complain of any expence which tends to the main object ; relief on this eide ; and improvement on that. I am above all things anxious that you should return fully informed upon every point ; and furnished with every book ; map ; plan ; every document, of every kind, that for love or money, you can lay your hand upon. Let no fear of a little extra expence restrain you from push- ing your enquiries to the utmost. (Signed) T. Sockktt. ai to Received a note from A. B. Hawke, Esq. intimating the Lt. Governor's intention to send the people toBlandford ; and requesting to see me the following morning on the subject. June 17th. accompanied by Mr. Hawke, 1 waited on the Governor, who received me in the most affable manner. His Excellency directed, that all the families should proceed to Blandford ; where he was certain they would find employ- ment: that each family should receive a five-acre lot of cleared land, in the township, on which a log hut should be erected ; that they should hold the above, for a few years, or until they could do better for themselves. That such of the young men as I thought fit, and were willing, should go to the canal forming on the Grand River, or to the harbour at Kettle Creek, where they would find employment, at from £2 to £3 per month : and that the others should accompany the families to Blandford, where several gentlemen had lately made purchases of lands ; and where labourers were much required. Shut up in the Ontario house for the remainder of the day, by a torrent of rain. Paid Mr. Upton the steward; the cook, and other persons, who had been useful in various capacities, during the voyage, for their respective services. June 18th. engaged at Mr. Ilawke's office until four in the afternoon, in binding some boys as apprentices ; in niakinj; 25 'roni their r English our com- lan might ; HaniiU : we Hhall in object ; turn fully !ry book ; or love or cm push- es KTT. ating the landford ; ^ on the id on the ler. His roceed to eniploy- )f cleared erected ; intil they ind were id River, )uld find that the where ids ; and the day, persons, voyage, arrangements to carry the directions and wishes of the Go- vernor into execution ; and in preparing a list of the families, and young men, for Blandford, and also of those for the canal. Received from Mr. Hawke a letter of introduction, and in- structions, to Mr. Cattennole, at Hamilton, to provide accom- modation and waggons; also letters to Captain Drew and Mr. Hatch, resident magistrates at Blandford, to provide accommodation ; and to give every assiijtance in their power to the people. Received from the Hon. Peter Robinson, government land- agent at Toronto, a letter of introduction to Colonel Talbot, and some to the land-agents in different parts of the pro- vince, requesting them to furnish me, as the superinten- dent of the Egremont Emigrants of this season, with every information in their power, respecting the state of the pro- vince generally. Mr. Hawke told me that the Governor would pay the pas- sages of the young men by the schooner Superior, for Kettle Creek, which would land them at Port Robinson, in Lake Erie ; that he would also pay for the passage of the people for Blandford, in the steam boat to Hamilton ; and for the conveyance of their baggage, by waggons to Blandford ; and for bread and cheese, and beer, and accommodation on the road. Mr. Hawke also told me, that the governor had done this from a conviction, that the government ought to do something for the people sent out by a nobleman, whose liberality and humane feelings induced him to contribute so much, to the relief of the suffering poor, and to confer so great a service on these provinces. I was requested by Mr. Hawke to take charge of a man of the name of Rivers, with his wife and six children, under nine years of age, who had arrived at Toronto at this time, by way of New York ; and who had expended his last shilling. The Governor had consented to give to this family, the same advantages ac Blandford, as to our people. This man com- plained much of the impositions to which he had been sub- jected, in passing through the states, from New York, to Lake Ontario, and Toronto: he had, he said, been even charged for a little boiling water, to make his tea. June 19, at 8 A. M. The whole party, consisting of seventy men, women, and children, composing the families ; one fa« milyof eight, (Rivers 's before mentioned,) and twenty younj( men, in all one hundred persons, including myself, and Dii- *Q 26 toil's bahy, born at sra, wore oinharkcd in the Queenston Ktoaiii boat, and proceeded for Hamilton. At 3 P. M. Ave arrived at the head of the Lake Ontario, nboiit one mile from Hamilton : here I found Mr. Catter- nu)le, on the wharf, where the people and baj^gage, were landed. Kxpcrienced much delay and diftieulty, in proeuring conveyance, from the circuiustanee of twenty-one wjiggons having left this place, the previous day for Blandford, with the family, luggage, Sic. of Admiral Vansittart, who had just arrived, a^d was proceeding to settle in that township. A suthcient munber of waggons was at last obtained, the b;iggage loaded, and by eight in the evening, we reaeheu the house of Mr. Cattermole, where all the people were supplied with bread, cheese, and beer : several of the women obtained beds in the house, and the rvMuainder, men, women, and cliildren, were lodged in a burn for the night, with plenty of clean straw and hay. The two Ilanunoiuls, from Hellingley, found employment at Oakville, on the Lake Ontario, and engaged themselves, the one at 50s. and the other at 40s. per month, with board aiul lodging. George Morgan found employment at Hamil- ton, and left us : the three Uptons also engaged themselves there ; but the eldest, Frederick, volunteered his services, to inssist me in conducting the people to Blandford, which I readily accepted. Jmu' 20th. !it 10 A. M left Hamilton : proceeded onwards with the ])arty, having fojjrteen waggons, four of them car- rying the women and children, and ten carrying the baggage. The first waggon, h;i this was objected to, and she found, on a refereiu'e to her husband, the device would not answer, slie inunediately carried off the counterpanes. June 21st. West's wife being taken in labour in the night, I was obliged to leave her her.s with a daughter of Voice's, as her nurse, and \^•e started at an early hour, in order that the house might be (juiet, and proper accoiumodations afforded to the VA'onian : but not before I had ascertained that all was right : that a midwife was at hand : and a medical gentleman near. In paying the bill, I found that the landlady had doubled the usual charge for milk, which I should have resisted, had I not been apprehensive, that Mrs. West might fare the worse, by the laiullady suffering a secoiul defeat at my hand. At (i A. M. Crossed a considerable stream of water : land o S8 I very t?()0(l : imicli of it cli'art'd. At 7 A. M. CroHHcd a bri(li(t', over another streuni, to which the descent was 8tee|). At 8 A. M. About ten miles from VaiKirnmn'a, and the same distance from BlandfonI, stoppfMl witii tlie people to breakfast, and found very comfortal)le acconunodation, good treatment, and moderate charj^es : here we crossed a stream, called Horner's Creek, which runs into tlio (Jrand River. From Vunorman's to this place, the land is of middlinfj (jua- lity, of a sandy clay loam, with bhick mould, as far as Hor- ner's Creek, a distance of ten miles. Froin thence, passing between Blenheim and Burford, the soil is sandy, and very poor. As you approach Biandford, the soil is of a good black mould : very good land is found in this township. At 11 A. M. We arrived at Blandford. I delivered my letter to Captain Drew, whom I found on his way to attend a Justice Court. I then called on Mr. Hatch, wiio gave the use of his barn, to such of the party as had arrived, and pro- cured another, frouj a neighbour, for those who were following. The waggons, with the second party, came dropping in, during the alternonii, and by V: M. had all arrivfd, except one, which hud been delayed, bv one of the horses fulling ill. Sunday, June 22nd. The remaining wiiggon came in early this morning. Several applications were mny journey being happily ac- complished, I quitte'id Mrs. Hemming, had gone to Toronto, and were not expected to return home before Saturday. It was ..rraiiged that Mr. Hennning's waggon should go to Guelph for the cask and luggage. Having obtained dinner liere, I walked on four miles further, to the house of my fr':;id George Sockett, in Eramosa who had accompanied Mr. and Mrs. II. to Toronto. I found an industrious ser- vant in the field, who permitted me to take possession of his master's house, and procured me every thing I wished. Here I passed a few days quietly, and obtained some knowledge of life in the woods. July Sth. At () A. M. Set out from Eramosa, on the road for Guelph, for 2*i miles, then turned to the right, towards Garrafraxu, for (> miles : excellent road : good laud, large portiojis cleared : turned to the left, for eight miles, through tlKMvoods, full of swainj)s, and deep holes, and very bad, and intricate road, but nmch fine land. Got at last into the AVaterloo road, and reached Mr. (iiilkison's, of Elora, in the township ot" Nichol, at the falls of th« Grand River, to a h'e breakfast. Crossed the Gra.-.d River, by an excellent new wooden bridge : went with Mr. GilKi.>on, to see a saw mill, wiiich he has erected, and to viev.- the falls, from a high pro- jecting point, or angle, at the junction of the Irvhie, and Grand River, the water rushing impetuously over a shelving bed of limestone. r>ir. Eer.'^uson of Woodiiill, n-emhcr and director cf the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland, v.ho visited Cana- da in 18JJI, as he states, "for the purpose of satisfying my- " self, regarding the actual co'ulition, and prospects of " Agricultural Settlers in th^se eounlries" : and returned to Scotland, in the end of that year, had recently come out, with a large party, to Canada, and purchased "j^iJOO acres in this township. Mr Gilkison proposed that we should take an early dinner, yi tt) obtaiu )l)ing, the out 1 1 A. lonsidera- hich is in lilted, and it there is niiig, ami Toronto, lay. hould go -'d dinner >e of uiy Jinpanied •lous ser- on of his ?d. Here iiowledge the road towartls id, hirge through i)ad, and into the a, in the to a li''e cut new aw mill, igh pro- ne, and shelving • ( f the il Cana- ng my. leets of rned to ue out, icres in di nuer. and in the cool of the evening, ride over the lands of tlu« gentleman, to whom he vould introduce me, as he was ex- pected to be there this day. From Mr. Gilkison's house, which stands on the high elevated bank of the Grand River, overlooking the falls, I observed a most wonder<^al commotion in the air. The dark, gathering clouds, surcharged with rain, rushed in. all directions, like radii from the circumference, to the centre of a circle : then assuming a circular motion, like a whirlpool, ,videly extending, and violently agitated by its rocky barriers. The contest lasted about twenty minutes, and was quickly followed, by tremendous peals of thunder, lightning, and rain, accompa- nied by a violent torrent of wind, which laid ])rostrate, the huge trees of the forest. "There goes one, right across my fence !" said Mr. Gilkison, as it fell. The grandeur of this scene was beyond description. This circumstance prevented our projecLeil excunsion. Mr. Gilkison's hospitable roof afforded me shelter from the storm, anil accommodation for the night. AVoe to the traveller, who is exposed to the dangers of the forest, at sucii an hour ! July 9th. — At (3 A. M. Left Elora, in company with a younger brother of Mr. Gilkison, a solicitor at Toronto, on ins way home, by Gait and Brandtford : we passed through ^Voolwich, for ten miles, very good land, but bad roads. At 9 A. M. We breakfasted at the house of a farmer, named Beames, twelve miles from Elora: charge very mode- rate; Is. 3d. self, and horse. Accompanied Mr. Gilkison, for two and a half miles, in Waterloo, a light sandy soil, and excellent roads. Turned off to the right, at about hrteen miles above Gait ; crossed the Grand liiver, at a fine gravelly ford, for Sch;. eider's mills ; much land highly cultivated, before I reached the river. Some good land on the opposite side, in a wild ;>tate : 1,200 acres belonging to an American. The si,il in Waterloo, very light, su.idy loam; At noon leached Schneider's mill. Proceeded through AVilinot. Soil of a sandy loam, excellent ro;id, hilly land, much cleared on the road. Settlers chiefly Dutch. Much difficulty to obtain c(»rn for my horse. At 1 P. M, came to the house of Amos C'rcsmonde, a fi!rmer, where I ob- tained plenty of corn and grass for my horse ; bread, butter, eggs, and milk, for myself. Rested here one hour : very moderate charge, Is. 3d. Learned that 1 was travelling in too high a parallel for Goderich, by about three miles : re- 33 traci (1 my steps abotit a mile. Crossed :i wood of very fine tinibtT, luul lar^c pines, for a mile and a half, to Abb's mills, A^•here there is a creeU to cross. Found people employed in repairing the bridge ; twelve feet, at least, uncovered or in- toinplete, with corduroy loi!;s, and no M'here else to cross, Avitliout returning ahoul tliree miles. In this dilemma, I met ^^•ith an instance of the greatest eiviiity : the workmen left their work; crossed the creek to the saw mill; and covered the bridge w!th plank;;, tliat my horse miglit pass .>ver. Here 1 found a hn\''c tract of cleared hmd, lUther flat, and an excel'ent road, leading N. W. on my former paraUel. At 4 P. M. I observed the clouds gathering in the distance, a'ul anticipated the coming storm. I had not proceeded more than a laiie and a half, when 1 perceived the people leaving their work, in the field, and hastening to their homes. I asked one of these men, if he would allow me to take slielter with him. To this he assented ; and to avoid the rai » 1 •'2 into his barn, which was open. I had net been the i : j minutes, wiien I discovered the danger of my position. The wind r().;e to such a torrent, accompanied by rain, as *'» strip tlie boards olTtbe nxd' ami sides of the barn. This frightened my horse, so much, that I was glad to bolt witli him. '••jund tlie corner, and g< t into the cow house. The storm lasted about an hour. \\'he«i 1 proceeded, 1 found several trees lying across the road. About two mil( s .ind a half N. W. I came to Smith's Creek : steep banks : fnnn which I turned to the left, into a line of road lately cut through the wood, for two milps, which brought me to Cushnum's mill, on the opposite side of the river. Here I got over by the aid of a large tree, laid across below the mill dam : the tree answering tlie double purpose, of a path for the foot ♦-aveller, and security to the horse, against the rapidity, and i.jpth of the stream. I now learned, tliat 1 had been traversing, for two miles, a narrow neck (»f land, surroumled by the same (Smith's; Creek, and that it made a third turn, suddenly, and came back, a little below the mill. Mr. Cushman and his son in law have 400 acres of land here. On encpiiring of Mr. Cushman, whether labourers were wanted in his neighbourliood, he answered yes: very nuich. I then told him, that 1 had just brought out 135 emigrants from Sussex. He asked me if they were Lord Egremonts's people ; and on my saying, they were ; he remarked : that Lord Egremont had sent out a party, for the last three years : that they were generally considered iii very fine b's mills, jloyetl ill ccl or in- to cross, na, I met vineii left 1 covcreil CT. flat, and 1(1. distimce, ed more leaving imes. I shelter I > >u. The i ♦■'> strip ighteiicd 11- '"jund in lasted ral trees • Smith's left, into vo miles, islte side tree, laid e double y to the I now narrow eek, and , a little ave 400 whether nswercd brought ey were f were; irty, for lerod in Hi 33 the country, fts a superior class of labourers ; anpe, where I stopped to breakfast. 1 foinid several trtcs blown (Jown across the roa'.i, by the storm of the preceding day, and people employed removing th'.Mn. At 10 A. M. Leit Stratford on Avon, an advantageous and good position, for a village Dr. Daily agent to the Canada Company .iides here. Sandy loam for 4 miles. At about 5i miles fror.i the Avon river, crcssed a stroasu which they called Black Creek : very gotjd land, in the town- L '.ips of Ellice, and Downie. Met witli obstructions from trees across the road. Dr. Verral, from .Seaford, in Sussex, was residing in Downie, on the left of the road, where he had been settled about a r,)rt.ni^'!it. Two miles further, arrivfd at Sel.nieh's, in I'llice. Good land: considerable piu'tions clearcil. Two miles further, came to Whirl Creek, where a good house is huiidii-g. Two and a h'.If miles furthiT, or about .'j miles from 8ebach's, arrived a1 rhe river Thames in Logan. No corn -o be got '^ r; 34 for the horse. The landlord here if buildhicf the house at "Whirl, or Whirlpool Creek, to which he is going to remove. Crossed the river, from which the immediate asceivt is steep, and afterwards the ground rises gradually, to a considerable elevation: land not so good. Met with occasional obstruction, Irom fallen trees Allowed the horse to feed for half an hour, on the road side. At 2 P. M. Reached Carron l^rook, a pretty stream in Ilibbcrt. Good land : plenty of grass, for the horse; but no corn : bread, butter, and milk, for myself, but (for the first time) I could not get an viSir. Rested here an hour. Ex- ])erienccd nmch interruption iu my journey from fallen trees. Jn one half nule, between Carron Brook and Silver Creek, I th '■ there were about fifty large trees across the road : the horse .' 'vver the trunks of some of them, and scrand)led through branches of others. I avoitled some, by going into tlie wood, in which 1 got so deeply entangled, from a succession of trees ne\\ly fallen, that I had great pty, from (loderieh, wliere he had been with a 1o"m1 of baggage. He said he had been as far as the Silver Creek to day, from whence he had been obliged to return, in conseciuence of the fallen trees lying across the road, and had passed over the one before mentioned. This man v/cis very attentive and obliging to me, in taking care of my horse. Here I found a Mr. Dickison, a son of Mr. Dickison, for- merly of Ciledswood, near Melrose, who had been in this etmntry twelve months, and had some land in the vicinity ; about ten acres of Mhich he had cleared. I also met here Re th( ch; 1 35 no Dr. Daily, the Canada Company's Agent at the river Avon, lle'.'eived, at this liouse, very kind and hospitable treatment : the best accommodation for myself : a good supper, and ex- cellent bed : plenty of corn &c. for my horse : and a good breakfast with the family, next morning, for the very moderate charge of four shillings, York, about 2s. (id. English. July 11 th. Mr. Van Egmaii accompanied me six miles to Vanderburgh's, in the township of Tucker Smith. The river B" /field runs for some miles, nearly parallel to the road, and at one place, before you arrive at Vanderburgh's, comes quite close to it. At Hicks', three miles further, in the township of Goderich, the land begins to be of inferior (juality, and more hilly, but having a considerable descent towards Lake Huron. A gentleman, of the name of Pot, or Pots, had just made a purckase in this neighbourhood. Rested here an hour, while my horse ate a little grass. No corn to be had. At noon arrived at the town of Goderich, which is situated on the left bank of the river Maitland, upon a piece of flat land, of a sandy and gravelly soil, about half a mile in length and half a quarter wide, and about 200 or 300 feet above the level of the water in Lake Huron, and the river. There is sufficient depth of water in the harbour, for ves- sels of considerable burthen, (juite close to the store, but the access to it, from the town, is by a very steep descent. The road for thirty miles before you reach Goderich, is ns good as our common turnpike roads : but the land, for eight miles, in its immediate vicinity, is of inferior quality. The town, however, is fast increasing, anid being advan- tageously situated for trade, must in time, become a place of considerable importance. The Canada Company's Agent, Mr. Prior, occupies the best, an!), R. X. aiiotluT a Coni- t\ro hundred acres : und two brotlicrs, of tlie name of Camp- bell, one hundred acres each, of excellent quality, and well w atered Tm'o miles further, arrived at Clark Ilillick's, hut could not ol)tain any corn, therefore rode on about six miles further, to J>Ic Connel's. Just bcfoi'c arriving at thia luuise, I croBsod a considerable stream, to which the pecple I'cn* gave the nan\c of Great Sable creek, but which 1 am inclined to think, is the one named Benson creek, in the Canada Company's map. Here I obtained corn for my horse : bread, milk, and veni- son, for myself : and after resting about an hour, proceeded on my journey. At the end of the first mile, crossed a small creek : at the end of the second mile, another: and at three miles, a third. About the end of tlie sixth mile, the road tiu'iied at a right angle, to the W. and continued in that iliri i-tion, for one quarter of a mile, then turned to the S. skirling a beaver swamp, for a inilc, when it returned to the 1'^. for about one half mile, then resutncd its origimd line, nearly S. The road for several miles, in the vicinity of the swamp, was very bad. About seven miles from this place, there is a considerable portion of cleared land, belonging to a person of the name of Adamson. Here the road again turns to the E. and runs \\\ the same line nearly on a level for two miles : then one and a half further, with considerable descent, to a stream called by the people, the Little Sable creek, over which there is a good bridge, the ascent from which is very steep. Here is a black settlement : the people are orderly, ckan, and appa- rently comfortable. The road runs S. E. from the above named creek, four and a half miles : v.here after passing a sudden steep descent, and crossing a beaver meadow about a tjuarter of a mile, 1 arrived by a short ascent, at Mrs. Mc Connel's, in the township of London, where I stopped for the night. Good acconunodation for my horse and self, with venison for supper. Near the house, is a fine elevated situa- tion, but the view is obstructed by the uncleared forest. At the foot of this hill, about half a mile distant, there is a creek which ^!rs. Mc Connel says, the roi'd crosses three times, before you reach London. 1 had th! .ly passed over a tract of very good land, for about 18 or '2i) miles, lying in the townships of Stanley, Tucker Smith, Hay, Usborne, and Stephen. The road through this tract is straight, and throujjhuut the whole distance nearly level. 38 July 14th. At 5 A. M. Proceeded li mile, on the road to Loudon : turned W. towards the township of Williams, I i mile : pretty elevation, and good land : \ a mile descent : 1 mile flat : \ mile descent : jj mile gradual inclination : descent \ mile. Beaver swamp extending N. and S. 1 mile descent : entered the woods through a fine large flat, partly swampy, surrounded by high land : opened upon a large tract of fine cleared land, at the corner of London and Lobo. Turned N. 1 i mile ; crossed a river ; turned W. i mile ; Ctime to a mill : proceeded along the boundary line, between "Williams and Lobo. Much good land, uncleared. Very bad road. Crossed some difficult passes, over creeks; swamps; and a river running through a deep glen or ravine, probably into the Aux Sables. The last twelve miles, having taken me about five hours to travel. At noon arrived at Curtiss's, near the boundary between Lobo and Adehiide, to breakfast. Plenty of corn for my liorse : rested here two hours. Proceeded along the boundary line, between Adelaide and Lobo. Road unformed : very bad : difiicult to trace niy way- At () P. ^L Arrived at Captain White's, in Lobo, where J stopped for the night, and obtained very satisfactory infor- mation respecting tlie Sussex settlers in Adelaide, not only from Captain While, but also from one of the settlers them- selves, named Phillips, late of Merston, near Chichester, who went out in IHIJ.'i, to join his son, who had settled in that township in 1KJ2. Captain White, and Phillips, both confirmed the report which I had previously heard, that the principal road through Adelaide was almost impassable, and that I should not find my \\ ay by the concession lines, without a guide. This being tlie case, and the information I had here rcjcived, being so full and satisfactory, I therefore gave up my intention of passing into that township. July l.')th. — At 5 A. M. Set out for Delaware: passed for2i miles, between Lobo and Carradoc : good land in both townships, passed tlirough the centre of Lobo. The northern half is good land ; and thesouthv'rn half very poor : chiefly a reddish s»nd, thinly covered with small oak trees, like a gentleman's park : ornamental ground : but not profitable. Koads very good : crossed the river Thames into the township of Delaware, by the bridge nearest to London. The bridge is very good, but the access on both sides, is very steep. Passed south about 10 miles, into Wcttmin>tcr, wlurc I brcakfafctcd. i4 39 Proceeded through Westminster, and Soxitlunohl, to port Tal- bot, and to the residence of Col. 'I'tilbot on Lake Erie : here I rested for the night. The approach to the house loads for about three miles, along a lofty ridge, through the most beau- tiful avenue of beeches I ever saw, from which you descend abruptly, cross a creek, and tine grassy dell, and from thence ascend a cleared eminence, of considerable extent to the house, which is situated at a short distance from the Lake, but does not ovcx'look it. Colonel Talbot received, and treated me very hospitably ; and amongst other good things I partook of here, was the best ale I had tasted in Canada. When I re- tired to rest, the Colonel himself, in the old style of the old country, conducted me to my chamber, where 1 soon forgot the privations and toils I had so recently experienced in the forest. July ICth.— At 5 A. M. Left Colonel Talbot's, and re- turned through Southwold and Westminster. These townships are chiefly flat ; but towards the lake slightly undulating, aiul of a clay soil, mixed with sand. The land is extensively cleared. I observed a better description of horses ; and every thing indicating a people enjoying superior comforts. Were it not for the rail fences, and the want of hedges, one might imagine himself in some well <;ultivated district in England. At 2 P. M. Arrived in London by a bridge across the S. E. branch of the Thames. In the descent to the bridge, where the town opens sudden- ly to the view, I overtook a Mr. Crawley, a farmer, in West- minster, whom I accompanied to the inn, where he was going to stop. In the course of conversation, he said he had heard from Mr. Hatch, of the people I had brought out : that they were of the right description : and he hoped more \yould follow, as they were nmch wanted in the country. The same remark was made, and the same wish expressed, wherever I made myself known. Having a letter of introduction to Mr. Askew, government land agent here, Mr. C accompanied me to his office. Iwlr- C, asked me on the way what 1 thought of Westminster. On my answering, that 1 did not like a clay soil. He said. He thought with me, when he first came out, but that having a portion/)f sand in it, it did not bind like clay land in England. I do not however much like either clay or sand soil. Mr. Askew confirmed the opinion of Mr. Crawley, that a superior class of mechanics and labourers would readily find employment, in this neighbourhood. M 40 Tjoiuloii iss'tiuitc on the fork, fonncd Jit tlu; junction of llie N. anil E. branches of tlic river Thames, which, approacli each other, in opposite directions, and throw otT their united stream, at an iiilcrmediate aii<;le. The town house, whi-'li is a Irmdsome stone structure, and tUo church (b.irrinriii:^- win quite a. novelty in this part of the country. It was most sntisfactory to me, on my return to Bhuiilford, at the end of a mciith from the time I left it, to lind all the people in full employment. Cornelius Voice, from Rillingahurst, Sussex, told me, that it was impossihle for him to escpress, how fortunate a circum- stance his coming here had been : tliat himself, his two sons, and his tiephew, were together, mtiking six pounds per week. Mr. Barton, the only one who, on my first leaving IJland- ford, I appn.hend'jd, might not find suitable employment, had been appointed schoolmaster, and parish clerk, and his prospects were now amongst the best. The Church had been opened : and several of our people expressed to me their regret, that 1 had not returned a week kiooner, to have been present at the ctTcmony. One of them said. "Jf'e conducted the singing ; and you would have liked to have heard us." I may here remark, that during our voyage, it wa:' pleasing to see, the very respectable appearaiice made by the emigrants, in the neatness and cleaidiness of their dress, when they came on deck, to attend the service of the church on Sundays. I should also not omit to observe, that the very liberal supply of books, sent down to us at Portsmouth, by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, was j)articularly acceptable, and useful, to our emigrants ; and that I also had an opportunity, of distributing a few of them, I hope with good effect, among those already settled in the upper pit)- vince. July lOth. — IJefore I finally left lllandford, it was truly gratifying to n)e, to witness, the removal of all the faniilies from the barns, where they had been lodged, into the separate and comfortable ajiodes, I trust of peace anil ha[)piness5 pro- vided for them. I was tiuis enabled, with peculiar satisfaction to myself, to leave these people, in M'hose welfare I had taken a deep interest, and for whom I had felt a considerable degree of .mxiety, contented and happy, in the prospect now ojiencd to them, of present comfort, and ultimate independence. 42 AccompttMU'd R. Uiddi'l, Esq. who hiul callcil for iiidance. Dined at Gait, and afterwards, proceeded on to Waterloo. About a mile and a half beyond this place, I crossed the Speed, and having turned short to the left, went on about a mile and a half, and crossed the grand ri\er, by a wooden bridge, roofetl over to keep off the snow. About two and a half miles further, I arrived at the huts of the Rapson's, late of Lodsworth, Sussex, about half an hour before dusk, and afterwards returned to Water- loo, for the night, where I met with excellent aceonunodation. July 22ud. — Left Waterloo for Guelph. After travelling about three miles, crossed the Speed. For six miles the land is hilly, and irregular. For six miles before you reach Guelph, the road is ;o()d, and runs in a straight line: the land is good here, with aijundance of limestone. Limestone abounds ge- nerally in Upper Canada. Reached Guelph to breakfast, and afterwards, proceeded to Eramosa, and again returned to Guelph. Mr. and Mrs. Huntley have purchased 200 acres, and settled here. July 23rd. — At 7 A. M. Quitted Guelph in a waggon (called a coach) for passengers, and luggage, which runs three times a week, throu;j;h Puslinch, and West Flambro, to Hamilton, and returns from thence, the following day, to Guelph. The driver of the waggon, the first stage from 43 neloh, wns renmrkiihly civil. Nothing is usually tfivcn to e (Irivors in America. The vvajfgon, on the strond staj;e Guel|)h the was ilriven by Patcrson, the proprietor, who is a respectable inteHi((ent man. By the aid of a pair of good horses, and ail obliging and attentive driver, I passed once more over a very bad road, for eight or ten miles, through a thick and heavily timbered forest, which fortunately protected us from the scorching rays of the sun, during a sultry day. At 5 P. M. Stopped at Dundas to feed the horses. At 7 P- M. Reached Hamilton, and found that the thermometer this, and some prcvioui days, had ranged from ninety, to ninety five degrees. July 24th. — Ueturned from Hamilton, by the Queenston steam boat, to Toronto. I fell in with a Mr. Durand from Warwick, in the boat, who gave me a very favourable account of some of th» Sussex emigrants. At 7 P» M. Arrived at Toronto, and again look up my quarters at the Ontario house. July 2.5th. — Called on A. B. Hawke, Esq. and settled some accounts, which had been arranged with Mr. Cattermole, respecting the victualling of the people, from Hamilton, to Blandford. The victuallijig cost £10. The steam boat, from Toronto to Hamilton, £'20. the victtudling and lodging one night at that place £5. the fourteen waggons about £70, besides tlie passage of twenty men, from Toronto through the Welland canal, to the works in the Grand river, by the schooner Superior, about £'5. amounting together to £\ 10. currenc)', or about one hundred guineas : the whole of which, was paid by Government. I had an audience of his Excellency, in which 1 reported to him, the very conifortal)le state I f(jund our emigrants in, on my return to them, at the end of a month after their loca- tion, that all were in full employment, contented and happy. His Excellency was much pleased to hear so favourable a report, and said, thitt although he could not give the same assistance to all, who came out, he would still, do every thing in his power, particularly for large families. That he h;nl represented to the Secretary for the Colonics, that he could receive 100,000 emigrants annually ; that he -would find em- ployment for all, wlio came out ; that it was a part of his plan, to set them to work, in cutling down the timber, and -^Ji_ 44 clearing tlie land, not in such away, as would enable them trt make hicfh wages; but at the usual rnte, paid in tV": colony, for such labour ; and so as to provide them wi^.h the means of subsistence, until they could do bf tter for themselves : that the purchasers of land would repay this expence ; and that it would be to the advantage of tliem to do so, in order to possess a pction ready cleared, the moment of their arrival, at as low a rate as they th'Mnselves could effect it : but that ultimately, the labourers must depend on their own ext.":ioiiS. He repeated that his plan was, to find employment for all. July 30th. — Left Toronto, by the steam boat for Niagara, from whence I proceeded by coach, to the Falls. The view of the river Niagara, as it passes between the perpendicular rocky heights of Queenaton and Lewiston, is very grand. Indications of red freestone, are observed in the banks of the ri.'cr. At 6 P. M. Arrived at the Falb. I did not hear tl.eir sound, owing to the noise of the coach, v til within a mile or two of tlie pavilion. My first cw from the top of this house, which overlooks them, was a slight, but temporary d'-appointnient : descending to take a nearer view from a position where you rather look up to the great body of water, rushing with increased velocity (by passing a'.ong a shelv'ng rocky descent for some distance) and then falling perpendicularly, you are struck with the awful gran- deur of the scene, aiul become more, and more, impressed with it, as you contemplate the continued descent of the Uiighty mass into the abyss below ; half filled, as it were, by a cream like foam ai:d spray, cojitinually rising up into a va- pour, gradually becomiiig less and less dense, until it is lost in the distance, yet still renewed ; and in which you may observe the swallows, like small black specks, fiitting, and sporting, and half concealed. The rays of the sun b^ day, or nioon by night, passing through the vapour, present all the coloun ,/» the rainbow. .TuiySlst. — Spent the day with my friend Col. Delitre, who settled in Canada with his family, in IKW. He i^ highly delij^hted with the country general'y, and particularly with the vicinity of the Falls of Niagara, about a mile and a half from wliicii, at Lundy's Lane, he has purchased 200 acres and is building a very good hcmse, having already most con- vcnient oHices, aiul out-houses of every description. He keeps his close carriage, gig and sleigh, aiul has all the enjoyments of the best English society; Gen. Murnrv, and 4.5 S; ten or twelve other gentlemen, of great respectabilitj^, living in the neighbourhoocl, within an easy visiting distance. The Colonel has also purchasi-d a considerable quantity of land in the tow?iship of Blandford. A\igust 1st. Left the Falls for Queenston, where I crossed the river Niagara, by ferry boat to Lewiston, in the United States, and from thence proceeded by coach, to Lockport. Travelled this day, over a large tract of cleared land, of a clay soil, but not well watered. For the last nine miles, au canal in (l<'rk- cd boat towed by Hteamer. Kiiip^aton toToron- to l)y steitiiirr, one cwt. lupuaire al- lowed all the way. X.Y'ork to Torouto. 'Miles, 240 170 410 12 C G 6 1 10! Between Montreal and To- ronto, the cmiijrants by the British Tar, and their lugg«f]j( were only transhipped once, namely, at Kingston. Ni'w York to Al- bany, by steamer, ] lOOibs. of luffgiifre j allowed free , I'iJ centiibreveryc'Wt. J extra. .Albany to OswotfO 7 liby truck boatOOIb. ( liluffsrape free. i '0-2li)s. Ingfjaijeex- J |llra to Oswonro. 3 Oswetfo toToronto "l |One cwt. lu^^gagc f included. •' 160 5 1) 201) If) 7h d 170 7 6 5'A9 1 11 U Between New York and To- ronto, there must be ttvo tran- shipments, namely at Albany, and Oswego. 53 'i. And moreover, no one covered fjoat on tlie Eric canal, could have contained our vThole party, and to have divided tlieni, would have hcen productive of considerable inconvenience. The personal safety of emigrants, on the Erie canal, is much endangered, by the frequent occiu'rence of bridges, which cross it almost at every mile, or mile and a hiilf, and arc oidy about three feet above the top of the boat. Tlie following extract is a strong corroboration of what 1 say. *' The boats too, are made narrow and confined, to ensure speed, and a very little inadvertence, in moving about, may leave you in the lurch. While on deci\ this forenoon, my attention was attracted all been distributed, and were apparently 55 lost siirht of, ill the gciioral popiilalloii, aiul still there vn/t a demand for labourers, for sober ami '/iidiisfrious labourers ami mechanics oi L\ cry tlcscription. Ynvvii v'omeu/\\\\y.\.\\\c\x\i\v, were very imich wanted. Any reasonable lunnber, proeeedin/^ to Canada, would liiid places there, in a few days. In fact, the deficiency of young women in that colony is so great as to he frequently mentioned in the eniii,^ranta' letters, and made the subject of much complaint in the news- papers. Middle (if/ed uwmeii, (lualified to act as housekeepers, cooks, nurses, and in various other domestic olliccs, are also nuich re may be returned to the Petworth Emigration Committee; and the charge in luture discontinued. That tlie share holders of the steam boat company, should have some such check upon ships embarking passengers at Quebec, for Montreal, to protect their interest, seems fair and 11 -I i BBH HP" ■Ml mmmm 60 just : but T must submit tbat a ship brinsfing passengers from Englaiul, aud paying towage, in proportion to the breadth of beam, and (h'aft of water, that draft of water occasioned, solelp by her passengers and their higgage, ought not to be subjected to a charge of 3s. 9d. upon each passenger. I beg to request the favour of a note from you, on the subject, addressed to the Rev. T. Sockett, Chairman of the Petworth Emigration Committee, that they may better be enabled to judge, what route to adopt in a subsequent season. I am, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, J. M. BRYDONE. To A. C. Bi'CHAXAN, Esq. Emigrant Agent, Quebec. w 1) 1 * 'y-; If a plan similar to that adopted by the Petworth Committee, were followed, by all concerned in sending out emigrants, we should neither hear of one half of the suffering, sickness, or loss of human life, which but too frequently occurs, espe- cially to those from Ireland, not oidy during the voyage, but after their arrival ; nor should we hear such tales, of the des- titution and misery, in which many are left, in the streets of Quebec or Montreal. The complaints on this subject, in the Canadian Papers, are loud, and numerous. A few instances will suffice. The brig Cottingham, of the same size as the British Tar, and which was at Grosse Isle with us, brought over from Ireland 270 passengers, jvst double our number. One man belonging to this vessel, was drowned on the 28th. May, in coming on board from inspection, at Grosse Isle. Capt. Robert Lawrie who commanded the ship Thomas Gclstone, from Londonderry to Quebec, admits that she had a row of berths down the centre ; carried out 317 souls, or 292/1(11 pussatjes : 50, he says, nnder the num- ber alloiced by law: he states that he landed them safe at Grosse Isle, and in good health too : but that sick- ness had broken out among them since, owing to the treatment which they received there. Letter from Capt. Robert Laicrie, 23rd. Avffust, in Montreal Weekly Ab- stract, Auyust 2Sth . 18«34. m^ 01 "The Stirling Castle a vessel of 351 tons, passengers, from Isla." This ship, like the Thomas Gelstonc, was row of berths, down the centre of the low the passengers were stowed, to use the of them, "like herrings in a barrel." The space between the berths, iva/f not many of the berths assigned to females, or I ^ in number." Surely such things permitted. sailed with 368 fitted up M'ith a er deck ; so that language of one three fectj and contained eight ought not to be Much is required to alleviate the discomforts to which landsmen, and more especially females and children, are sub- ject at sea, to sooth the mind of tlie poor emigrant ; to soften the rigour of quarantine laws, and regulations ; to check the cupidity of some, and the knavery of others. But there seems little reason to hope, that these matters will be generally attended to, unless considerable alterations are made in the passengers' Act; as it permits a ship to carry a much greater number, than is consistent with the preservation of health. The remedy is simple, and may easily be etfected in the following manner. Every ship or vessel, under 250 tons, to allow twelve feet superficial, for the sleeping berth of every passenger or full passage (i. e. one person above, or two under 14 years of age) Under 350 tons ten feet. And in all ships or vessels, above 350 tons nine feet. The space to be allowed in each ship or vessel, will thus be determined hy her tonnage. And the number of passengers, by the quantity oi clear space set apart, for their use. The centre space, in every vessel carrying passengers, to be entirely free of berths. And in no division or apartment of any such vessel, to be permitted a greater number of pas- sengers, than in proportion to the ypace required in each sliip, uccording to its class. This will allow owe passenger to every two tons ; but as regulating the number by tonnage, is more liable to abuse, than by space, I prefer the latter mode. The Americans require a stiil greater space to be allowed, than I have recommended ; and their regulations, with regar(l to ships carrying passengers, are in otlicr respects, very strict, as will appear by the foUowing extract. M IWI I II il^.l UJIB f i; 63 By an Act rer/ufnling passengers ships, and vessels, in the Ame- rican States, '2nd. March 1819. Chap. 452. f: i: Sect. 1st. To carry ow/y /tro passengers, to every five tons of measurement, besides the complement of men usually employed, in the navigation of such ship or vessel. That every masteri or other person so offending, and the owner, or owners, of such ship or vessel, shall severally forfeit, and pay to tlie United States, the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, for every passenger above the number allowed. Sect. 2nd. That, if the passengers on board any ship or vessel, shall exceed the number allowed, by twenty pas- sengers in the whole, every such ship or vessel, shall be forfeited to the United States. Sect. 3rd. That every ship or vessel, shall have on board at the time of sailing, properly secured under deck, at least sixty gallons of water, one hundred pounds of salted provisions, one gallon of vinegar, and one hundred pounds of wholesome ship bread, for every passenger, over and above such provisions, stores and live stock, as may be put on board by such nmster, or passenger for their own use, or that of the crew, of the ship or vessel. And if any passenger is put on short allowance, in water, flesh, vinegar, or bread, the master or owner, shall severally pay to every such passenger, three dollars for each day. In concluding these remarks, I beg again to impress on the reader, my decided preference of Upper Canada, to the United States, as a place of settlement for British Emigrants j and to assure them, that they may arrive at Toronto, or any place westward of that city, by Montreal, and the liideau canal, at much less expence and risk, than by New York ; and I need hardly add, that it is evidently the interest, of every emigrant, to spend his money, small as the sum may be, individually, in the provinces helonjrinj;^ to his native country, and now the land of his adoption. On his arrival at Toronto, he will meet with every possible attention from Sir John Colborne, and the best advice from A. B. Hawke, Esq., the emigrant agent of that place, where to direct his steps for employment' Can he expect this in the United States ? 63 If he be the father of a numerous family, he may probably, even receive some facility, in reaching the spot recommended. And should he have sons and daughters grown up, or even above ten years of age, they will be of infinite service to him. I may say, with the Psalmist, "happy is the man, who has his quiver full of them." The instructive and entertaining author of the Backwoods- man, after putting the question, who shall come to Canada ? facetiously, and significantly, answers, in the motto he has adopted for his chapter, "come a* thegither" I do not say go altogether ! but I do repeat, that, to the industrious AND FRUGAL, CaNADA AFFORDS A SURE RESOURCE. J. M. BRYDONE. Er tract of a letter from William Green, late of Pulborovgh, Sussex, who emitf rated to Canada, in 1834, in the British Tar. Seepage 58. Town Plot, Blandford, 20th. October, 1834. Relating to myself and family we are all well j and doing very well just now ; have got my order for 200 acres of land, which I intend to go to, in spring. Peopl*' may say what they will concerning Amorira, it is one of the Iniest countries, for a poor man that is industrious, for he has to want for nothing. Please to give my thanks to Mr. Sockett for his kindness to «ie. W' m '%■ h 64 Extract from « The Advocate," jmblished at (a) Toronto, Upper Canada. Township of (A) Nichol, . February VMli. 1834. *' Mr. Fergussoii having purchased a portion of the ahove Township, fronting upon the Grand River, and commencing about 2 miles, above the Falls of Ellora, takes this method of acquainting intending settlers of respectable character, that he is prepared to receive proposals, and will have a plan to exhibit, as soon as the weather will admit of the surveyor perambulating the ground. It is Mr. Fergusson's intention, without delay, to erect a good Saw and Grist Mill, a Bridge upon the River, and a Tavern for the accommodation of travellers, and to use every exertion, towards improving the communication with Dundas Street, in the shortest and most convenient line. A Church and School House, will also be built by Mr. Fergusson, so soon as a proper Clergyman, and teacher can be provided. From the situation being healthy, and dry, with a fine run of the purest water, a small Village may be advanUigeously established, and Mr. Fergusson is desirous to treat with respectable Mechanics for Building Lots, and to whom he will afford every encouragement and facility in his power. N. B. — For further particulars, application may be made to Mr. Webster, at the Little Falls, Nichol ; or to Adam Fergusson, Esq. Drunnnondville, Niagara Falls. See page 30. (a) The Town of York, Upper Canada, has been eructed into a City, and the name changed to Toronto. , . > , {b) Nichol adjoins to Guelph, Woolwich, Eramosa, and Garrafraxa. and ■■■-^Hb*-