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Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont film^es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. rhia Kam l« filnwd at tha raduetion ratio chaekad balow / Ca documant aat film* au taux da rMuctlon indiqu* ei-daaaoua. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x J 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Tb« copy filmad h«r« hM b««n raproduead thanks to tha flanaroaity of: Library, G«ologieal Sunmy of Canada L'axainplaira fllmi fut raproduit grica k la g4n«roait* da: BiMiotMqiw, Commitiion QtetogiqiM du Canada Tha ima^a appaaring haro ara tha boat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha eondidon and lagibiHty of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract spaeificationa. Original eopiaa in printad papar covars ara fllmad baginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or liluatratad impraa- sion. or tha bacic covar whan appropriata. All othar original eopiaa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- •ion, and anding on tha iaat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Laa Imagaa auhraMnaa ont 4t* raproduitaa avae la plua grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattot* da i'axampiaira film*, at t* conformity avac laa eonditiona du eontrat da filmago. Laa axampiairaa originaux dont la eouvartura an paplar aat in. Yrim4a sont film4a rni commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la damMra paga qui eomporta una amprainta dimpraaalon ou dllluatration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la eaa. Teua laa autraa sxampiairas originaux sont fiimAs an eomman^nt par la pramlAra paga qui eomporta una amprainta dimpraaalon ou dllluatration at an tarminant par la damlAra paga qui eomporta una talla Tha laat raeordad frama on aaeh microfleha shall contain tha symbol «^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "ENO"). whichavar appilaa. Un daa symbolaa suivants apparaltra sur la damlAra imaga da ehaqua mieroficha. salon la eaa: la symbols — *> signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbola ▼ signifia "FIN". Mapa, piataa. charts, ate., may ba fllmad at dHf arant raduetion ratioa. Thoaa too iarga to ba antiraly inciudad in ona axpoaura ara fllmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar . laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illuatraM tha mathod: Laa cartaa. planchaa. tablaaux. ate., pauvant 4tra film4a k daa taux da rMuetion diffirants. Lorsqua la doeumant aat trap grand pour «tra raproduit an un saui ciich*. il aat film* i partir da I'angia sup4riaur gaucha. da gaueha A droita. at da haut it baa. an pranant la nombra dimagaa ndcaaaaira. Laa diagrammas suivants ilhistrant la m*thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MIOOCOrV llfOlUTION TBT CHA-T (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) I.I lifi lii Li US ■II U£ y; y^ ^ yg ■ 1.8 11.25 ilu 1^1 1.6 ^ APPLIED ItvHGE In '653 East Main Street Rocn«t»f, New Vorh U609 USA ("6) *a2 - 0500 - Fhon» (716) 2U ~ 5989 - Fo« (JEOI.OdlCAL SUKV^EY OF CANADA lloiiKhT Hki.i., M.D., D.at:, IA..D, F.K.K., ()iii».< roii. SECTION OF MINES AND MINKUAI. STATISTICS. HE PORT IRON ORE DEPOSITS ALOXi: TIIK KINGSTON AND PEMBROKE RaILWAY £ASTER:N ONTARIO \ » ELFRIC DREW INOALL, M.E. Asifocittti of thf Royat SchijfU nf Minc», Emjlami^ Aiinimj hn'jiintr ta the fholifjicnf Survct/ «/ Cttmidtt. ( OTTAWA I'KINTH) r.Y S. K. DAWSOX, I'RINTKK TO THK KI.NdS MOST EXCKLLKNT MAJKSTY I'JOl % (>Eoi.or.irAL SvRVKT or Canada, Ottawa. 1 Robert B«ll, M.D., D.Sc., LL.D.. F.R.8., Deputy HmuI and Director. Sir : —Herewith I beg to h«nd you my ri'port on the iron ore depoflitR of that portion of eMterii Ontario trilmtary to Kingaton, covering part of the counties of Frontenac, Lanark, Renfrew and I.ieed8. It comprises the detailesults of field-work done in 189B and 1900, lupplementing a previouH condensed report on the subject. In this work I waH axsisted by Mr. A. M. Campbell, in 1895, and Mr. T. Denis, H.A., 8c., in 1900. The general map accompanying the report, is the work of Mr. James White, F.R.O.8., during previoun years, when he was attached to the staff of the Mines Section. It was originally undertaken with a view to illustrating the location of the many scattered deposits of phosphate, mica, etc., in that district, and is now issued as an adjunct to this report to provide a means of showing the location of tho.. deposits examined in the course of our work, and also of others gntheu ' 'rom reliable outside sources. Thanks are due for assistance received, to the officials of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway Company, also to Senator McLaren, Messrs- Joseph Bawden, Wm. Caldwell, J. O. Campbell, R. J. Drummond, W. C. Caldwell, T. B. Caldwell, M. Grady, S. Jackson, T. W. Schwend.' nan, J. Donnelly, A. J. Macdonel'. and many others. I am, sir, Your obedient servant, ELFRIC DREW INGALL. f I ' i Mines Section, 24th June, 1901. I'AUT I. — INIHODUt'TIuN. In view iif tlio iiroiioiied iiiHii;;ur«tifm of iron mnultinK «t Kingiton, '**"i" ">"• ' ' I I • L ilinriu t.r •'! Oiiiiirio, in l"*y'), nn inve»tigaium wus uiKlertaken in that jp»r in ri„. iii\t«tiKii- order t4t riHcertain the papiihilitie» of tlif tlintriot iriluitary to the """" '""'"■ KtHKlil work oci'upiwJ »l>out eloven wefk*, anil r» Humniiiri/ml report of the rpsultH was inNucMl Hhortly -fterwurdi* in tlip Antiual Summary Heport of the Dirt'Ctorof tlioCim ...yiial Survey, Tin inclm' ' all information Imving an i:nniediat« and practical Iwaring on tin- ore supply <|Ui'iti(in, Imt till' workin>{ ou, in ili-tai! of th« data roljcctwl and tin- pn-paration of the same for publication wan dnlaycd, owin^ to tho intnrvention of other work. During thoHumint'rof l!)Oi>, thiit invi>xtii;ation wan further prosecuted in tlio Held ito as to bring our infornmtiori up to date. The moro prominent mines wore f>r ler examinnd and more complete mag- netic ((urveys were made with the dial conipasM nx well an the dip nee.'iv.ii hitrr in IfS I t « I aRODMIH *L IVRVKT Or CAXADA. It U thu>« evident th«l. uniiig the turm "mp in >tii?lit in iU proper i«nM>, at nono of tli' litcwi viniuxl wcru th« (•"ndition* xuch us In allow of inPMurcnifnts U-i.ij,' mvi" "t th^ rwliio ponteiil«, ami »h«T«nnn|{<) "' '»ny corKtidernble bloik of or«, unl«»« one wmumetl or inum- iiind, i»t lewt one of tliK three dimeiitionH necewwry to In- aRcfrtnined. At Home placet there wm found a "UMik pile of on> Nolwtwl from the inntertal mined ; but, apart from that, the i|ueiition of iiv«iliil)le orw Iw- (■onnx one of judginK n a jjrnerHl way, the ini».ibilitiMi of the supply from dcpoAilH already dincovei-e*! and workwl, and of th<> probability of discoverinit yet other depottitt throughout the diHtrict in the fuiun-. I'lii<.-vi*ii.il. In onler to form an opinion on thcue jmu' t», visit* were r '.., ^^> ax iniiny at ptwwlble of the reported de|H)aitii of iron ore, to f • "I'ler <>t over forty, where, lieiidca examininj; all openlnK*. niei . i- all ore pxpoHurei and collecting illustrative (ip«!oltuenH, »xiih of o, u.id roika, lurface and magnetic nurveyn, worn maili in many piacei. The jiointH <;sited, including many n-portod lii< matite .KCurn-ncM, were iih follow! ;— The Bluff Point and Calal)ogip mine* of The Calnbogie Mining Co.; the Co*- mint' ; the Miirtel or Wilson ; the Culhane ; the Williams or lUack Hay , and the 'erond mines, nil in Hagot township, and within a radius of thn* mil<"» of Calubogie station on the Kings- ton and Pembroke rnilwiiy ; tln> Kadeidiurst and Caldwell properties in LaN ant township anil near Flower statiim, and in the same town ship the Williur mine : the Uolx'ri-.on and Mary mines near Mississippi station in Palmerstcm township, all situatetl near the line of the Kiiigsvon and Pembroke railway north of Sharlwt lake. Between this point and Kingston, the mines of the (Jlendower group were visited, namely, :he Bedford or "em' )wer mine ; the Howse mine and the Black Lake miii" <: to Kii.gsion, by way of the Kidoau canal, to 'he two chief places, viz., the ChaiTey and Of the district tributn time only permitted vis • Yankee "niivs, near NV '-o-o'. In the • .western c. rner of I.Anark county, the mines visited were ■ he old Foley mine openings with those ad jacent to it, and several reported hicmatite occurrence in Bathurst township. In Ualhousie township, visits were made to the old Playfair linmatite mine and to a number of reporteii, «>xti.ndin8 from wt«r the »Ution w.-»l »»r,l to ih« property of Mr, IU.J.1, iu • >--. ..*n'.hii Ali!...u«h :*.mie wn.. di^tsnt from the pr«Heiii r»ilw«y com •iicuiioiis. ,i I rip »«• m-. ie to tho Yuill mine ne»r lh.'we«t«rii end of White l»kii in Darling t .wiinhip. The a»)ovp, together wil.. re|K)rt«l h»m«tite .wcurreiicii in .Stf feature*. .h-trin. It .overH an area of ain.ut l.G ) i«juare mile., at>d aloi.K itx lenKth ',';:;,"i;|;;[«, ... of alHiut nrvrnty inil.-, it in traver»6«I hy the Kingston and Pembroke railway, which iHi-onnPcto lim-n, with the more impur tant niin.s. Cr.w«inK it ami .onm-ctinK with the above, are th.' l»ny of Quint.- railway i»y»tom, and the main line .)f the Canadian Pacili.- Milway b.-lw;;.-n Montreal and Toronto. The Brockville, We»tiK>rl >tnd Sault Hte. Marie railway, would aliio connect with Kin^»t.)n, either by m.-an« of the watern of the Uidoau canal at Newlx.r.. , or by the all rail rout.- thmuKh llrookvillc. Kurthermort- the navigable water), of the Kid.-au canal and all \U raniiticalionii through th.- series of i-onn.-ctintf lake*, shown »n the map, give water connection to many point* in the district. Transport of oren from the>.e points and of niHterial to them can thus be eff.)Ct.-rat.i > passing over the frozen swamps and lakes of tl e viill.y bottoms. The tlistrict is thus see j be well provides in places, they have seen their best days, still so much of the country is yet bush- covered, that for general purpases, small timber could be obtained locally in most oases. This would especially l)e true in regard to spruce, tiiniarac, etc., and the cedar of the numerous swamps found in the valley- bottoms. The sections underlain by the palieozoic sedimentary rocks of the .southern portions, coloured pink on the map, are fairly even and level and provide large tracts of good agricultural land. They are con- sequently largely cleared and settled. The Archaean country to the north, containing the mineral deposits, is more rugged, and, in places, is very hilly, the eri'atic courses of the roads evidencing the difficulties arising from this cause. In these sections numerous hills occur, often with steep sides and bluff faces, but without any very marked regularity or arrangement in definite ranges. They vary from one to several hundred feet in height, alwve the general level of the country, but none attain to the dignity of mountains, although often so designated locally. There is a general rise all along thi' Kingston and Pembroke rail- wav in going north until the summit is reiiched near Wilbur mines, at 907 feet above sea-level, from whence there is an average falling away in the directicm of the Ottawa river valley further north. The highest hills in the district covered by the map attain to a little over 1,000 feet above sea-level or to about 7.")4 feet above Lake Ontario at Kingston. S. ttl.ni.iit The projiortion of bare rocky uplands, is necessarily large, although iii.l fiiniiinp. ^j^g jjjjj] ^here it does exist in hollows, swampy lowlands and valley flats, is fertile. The fariii.! and agricultural settlements, are numerous, although less extensive and more .s<'attered than those further south, mixed fanning being followed in the lower levels, while sheepraising is successful on the higher and more rocky portions. Mining operations will therefore never encounter any difliculty or enhanced cost on account of either food or labour supply. Wages would be about at the rates paid elsewhere in eastern (Intario. INTIIOnrfTION. !) I ■I WckhI fuel for mining puri)osp.s is obtained fioni tho surroundint; bush lands, wliich at most points ensure a plentiful supply. In the case of extensive and lonj; continued opcnitions, this would of course have to \>e drawn from continually longer distances, and in the end it might he necessary to import coal from tin- eastern United States. It must be roniembercd that tho area dealt with in this report is only that immediately tributary to Kin{;ston, which could supplement its ore-supply by rail from other iron ore districts of eastern Ontario and adjacent portionsof western »iu"bec,as for instancefrom the deposits near Ottawa, as well as from still mori- laces to rank as dolomites. The data available are, however, insuthcient to enable any conclusion to be arrived at in regard to chemical composition over any large district. Apart from the limestones, the great bulk of the formation is made up of materia! of such mineral composition as to atliliate it with the igneous class of rocks. The microscopic investigations as yet made into their nature is limited to too few deternunations, to permit very definite conclusion.s. Those given in the appendix at the end of this report supplement the results of the field observations but tliey only justify general and teni.tive statements in regard to the matter. Areas exist, often of considerable extent, of acidic rocks of coarsely granitic structure wliicli may represent intrusive masses in the forma- tion. Such a one was noted some little distance south from Calalwgie along the Darling road. Many of the coarser grained basic rocks, probably gabbros, etc., of confusedly crystalline structure and with- out any sign of parallel arrangement of their mineral constituents, as at the Chaffey iV Matthews mines, may also represent eruptive masses. A definite opinion as to the relationships of these more basic rocks to the rest of the series, could not be arrived at without much more extended field study, so that nothing further can be said as to whether they are merely basic members of the series or intrusive masses in it. V'i INTRODUCTION. 11 I Apart from those, however, tho gr..at bulk (of the formation would Ohar^«^t..r .rf consist of rocks, varying in chemical composition from quite basic to more a.idic members, and in structure from distinctly schistose to more thickly banded gneisses. Th« structure of the gneissic rocks is, as elsewhere in the Laurentian, of varying degn-es from slightly marked parallelism, in the granitic gneiss, to the varieties with distinct bands of contrasting mineral composition marked often by quite acidic and distinctly basic alternations. Thus, thm sections of hand speci- mens are apt to reveal un.U-r the microscope simply local phasen, and the realization of the grand aggregate of the niin.Talogical features of the whole formation yet awaits extensive and systematic petrograpln- cal research. A study of the data given in appendix A will give some useful ideas however as to their petrographical affinities, more especially of the members inmiediately associated with the magnetite ore-bodies. It will be noted that we have representative amphibolite as at Bluff point and the Campbell mine at Calabogie, diorite at the Martel, Culhane, Christies Lake, Robertsville and Ritchie mines and altered amphibolite at the Bedford mines. Examples of gabbro-diorite are given from the Fournier, Bedford and Ritchie mines. Amongst the examples of the more acidic rocks are biotite-granite gneiss from Wilbur an.l augite-syenite gneiss and syenite from the Ritchie mine. The basic rocks, amphilwlitos, gabbros, and diorites, are amongst the more intimate associates of the magnetite bo.lies. .\mong the associated minerals, the most interesting are apatite, pyrite, il.nenite and sphene, all having an evi'lent economic interest, and, as bearing on the formation of the ore-bodies, we note the constant presence of alteration ami decomposition products such as scapolite from plagio- clasc and hornblende, chlorite, etc., from augite, whilst calcite resulting from rock-deoorapositioii is of constant occurrence. Although no faultings of the formation were particularly noted or traced out. umny such probably exist an.l affect the continuity of the rocks and chain.' of ore-bo.lies. An instance of these possible effects, has been noted in the ease of the Wilbur mine of which a .lescriptio.i is given later. ^'K.iri«rtiui.larsT7f^v.TrkKi™l S„.v,.v see— Thc(;..Ml„({y„f Caiiiicia, IStH. aiidthe Reixirts <.f l'r..pi-»s for 1H,0 , 1, 1h:1-7-^' \S--' -:t. an.llH74 75, wlierein will lie found the results ..f iiuesti^'ati.ms ,„ade l.v former otticers of the st-iff, together with do.cripti.ms "f wmie of the ore- ,ii.,K.sit- M.«t of the more ii„|«.rtant and lar|;ely worke exist. Then also in using the dip-needle, this .^an'o error would appear to have been frei|uent. If, for instance, on a gi\eii run of rock or direc- tion across country, a few high dip-readings w"re obtained in a distance of several miles, it would be assumed as proved that a continuous bed of ore exists, only requiring sinking on it to open it up for extraction. In travelling through the country opportunity was taken to point out, that by so using the dip-nfcille, comparatively little can \m proved when, as in most cases, the observations have not lieen taken surticiently close together to justify definite conclusions. Also, that all such con- clusions must be modified and interpreted in the light of knowledge acquired by a study of the worked deposits and of their nature and peculiarities. For example, it was found that many of the woiked deposits consisted of isolated massesof magnetite in compact, dark, Itasio (dioritici) rocks, and many of the ilip-readings were obtained along tlie strike of similar basic members of the series, where no outcrops of ore showed, leaving it to be concluded, in the absence of anything to the contrary, that these isolated diiireadiiigs might be taken as uliowing the existence of separated massesof r-iagnetite of greater or le.ss extent rather than of a continuous bed of ore. I itli.i i uluiitioii.-*. Another feature which has led to udsapprehension in many cases has been the prevalence of outcroppings of rusty rock '"h have generally been taken as indicating the existence of iron on w. As a matter of f.not, tho I'olour of these rusty parts seems to . . almost always due to the deoompo'iition of pyrites plentifully disseminated through the rock. ISTnODUCTIOV. i;i I WhiK^c. however, .i)! iheso point* muat be taken into account in Jjj-J,;;;^ ;j\^„ judging in>lividual deposits, the widespread occurrence of ore Lodies „r.,-i.n«i>ic.>i throughout the district hs a whole, and the great likelihood of further discoverie-, leading to a large addition to the list of deposits already known would seem to assure its future as an ore-pro phosphate mining district of the Kivi.'rc du Lievre in the province of Quel)ec, where, whilst the deposits of that mineral show similar irregularity, the output of the district was cnsideral.le and steady for over seventeen years, and ceased only because of low prices, and in no way because of any failure with regard to its capa- bilities for yielding the mineral. The mode of occurrence of the magnetite dep()8it8 may »>e brii'tly amn|ctrr..t summarized as follows : — dei>'i~it». Th-i chief deposits which have been worked v.ny be clnsailied under three heads, viz.:— First, ore-bodies <>. ourriiig at the ii. tual contacts of l)elts of crystalline limestone with ilie harder gneissic and schistose members of the series. Second, oro bodies where the m ignetite occurs in ribs, or impregnating schistose or gneissic belts, in most of which cases limestone is either absent from tlie vicinity altogether or only occurs at some little distance from the ore-body. Third, ore-bodies occurring entirely within areas of basic rocks, very much after the manner of the apati , deposits of Ottawa county, province of Quebec, where these are found in the pyroxenites. In the first and second classes there is a tendency for the ore-b«lies to follow along the strike of the formation, either entirely isolated from each other or separated by intervening stretches of rock, either free from magnetite or too poor to pay for extraction. 1 his tendency to follow the strike has teen recognized by the local prospoct.)rs, and it will be evident by studying the map of the district and the plans ..f the mines accompanying the report, "Where the ore occurs in the •■■chistose rocks, the magnetite frequently shows itself as detached grains, plentifully disseminated through the substance of the schist, varying ii. proportion between the extremes of magnetite bearing schist and ore with a small intermixture of bisilicate minerals. The limited microscopic studies already made, seem to point to the probability that magnetite is, in any case, one of the constituents of the basic members of the formation as a whole, and many of the ore-bodies of economic importance may probably be the final results of processes of secondary concentration. Field studies certainly leave this impression, especially in view of the alteration effects noted in the immediate T \ 14 1 UEOLOOICAL HURVKT OF CANADA. Sizo of onr-bodieH vicinity of the ore bodies. Of such are the very frequent existence of chloritic envelopes and selvugei, probably representing the local altera- tion of the bisilicate minerals of the surrounding rocks — the more largely crystallized taica and other minerals occurring under these conditions — the replnceraent of the plagioclase by scapolite— the alteration of pyroxeii' '" hornblende, marked in approtiching ore ribs — tho presence of calcite in the rock and in patches, etc., apparently of secondary origin — the further breaking down of basic recks into ser- pentinous masses in the vicinity of the magnetite, and the intermixture and ''nterbanding of similar products through the ore itself. In the third clasjs mentioned above, the ore shows itself in detached irregular occurrences, the rocks being at some points reticulated by numerous veins, seams, etc., of magnetite, showing at times vuggy or drusy cavities, with crystals of calcite, hornblende i nd other minerals. The magnetite will thus vary very considerably in its occurrence, from places where there is a large admixture of foreign matter to those where the ore is in considerable mass, and comparatively pure- These features are possibly due to magmatic differentiation. The developments made in the district in the way of proving the expected in the ores of the district taken as a whole, and in large shipments, short of spending considerable time and money in really sampling large piles. That the percentage of these deleterious ingredients does not prevent the use of the oret. in the blast furnace under proper conditions, is evidenced by the fact that as long as the prices permitted li.eir exportation, the L nited States smelters were quite willing to buy and use them. The ore-bodies do carry pyrite and often in considerable quantity but in most cases in such.a way that thepyritous parts can be rejected by hand picking. At some points visited, however, the pyrite was so finely and evenly distributed throughout the ore as to render its elimination by this simple process impossible, and this has also been found to be the case in portions of some of the larger and better known deposits which have elsewhere yielded large quantities of clean shipping ore In the case especially of some of the isolated occurrences in the basic rocks, apatite occurs associated with magnetite, mention bemg made of such later in the report. As shown by the ore piles, the foreign matter which would have to be d«alt with in smelting would be mostly of a fusible nature, cons.st- 151 if: IC I OBOLOniCAL aVRVKY OF TAMADA. eiiiiNtitutio:; xnK of hornblendic, inic«cfH)ut and chloritic material distributed through the mosH, aa well as in the aeauiH in thf ore. Calcite in aliio a common ingredient, with more rarely <|uartz. These niineriilx, liy proper neleo- tion, should make a goo were of magnetites and 16 of haematites, the average of the former ijeing 57 '03 per cent, of the latter 55-25 per cent. If, however, we eliminate those speci- mens which gave over 15 percent insoluble matter as not representative of shipping ore, the average i>ercentages become 59'53 for Im-matite, and 5908 for magnetites, the latter agreeing closely with the analysis of the average sample from Blufi" Point mine, marked in the table with reference letter — A. Of the 37 determinations of phosphorus in the magnetites, that element varied from a trac-e to 017 per cent, the latter amount occur- ring in the average sample — reference letter A. In one specimen, although this element was not determined, small crystals of apatite were visible to the eye. The average was 0-02'2 per cent In eleven ha'motites this element averaged 0077 per cent, owing to a few speci- mens which ran exceptionally high, notwithstanding that 7 of them run below 005 per cent. The extreme range lay between 0'004 and 03 •] ISTHODUCTIOS. 17 I On- percent. It U curious and interesting to note th»t the magnetites, fi„,„ir^i occurring as they do in rocii» so free found ad- vantageous in some cases to do so, the amount of sulphur might no doubt be reduced by roasting and by careful selection. It is un- fortunate that neither the time nor means at liisposal permitted of the gathering of samples representing large quantities of selected shippng ore, so that the one analysis of an average sample (reference letter A) is all we have of this nature. In order to arrive at a reliable co..- clusion as to the quality of ore the district i.s capable of providing, and in view of the variable nature of the deposits, such sampling would also have to extend over long periods of tin)e without which it is not possible accurately to determine what proportion of phosphorus, sulphur or titanium would actually have to be dealt with in furnace charges or to what extent it might be advantageous to mix tht se with other ores. The ores of the district ha.e been used already ', thf <^'AiiAd» Iron Furnace Conipnny, in tli«' provinc* of Qunb«o haH UHed lluwc "re» foi- iidniixture witli their own boji on-H. Tlie cuntliint iuiprovemrntii in metliodn of iineltinu in late yram hnvi' of couree rendered it (Mx^iiilile to utilize more impure ores than formerly and even in making the lieit kindii 4if steel a much lo»«r ^rude of pig tan be Hhi|in.*nt'< Mierontitr iN-IMiaitx. Tt is Ntfttrd tliiit in tin- paxt the total shipments from this district have aniountid to sonio iSO.OOO ton* of magnetite, to which must 1m< added uliout 30,0t»0 tons from the Dalhou.io anl MeXab hnmatite depiiKJlP. J/iimatile.-~\ nuinl)<>r of points were examined where deposits of hiematito were reported to occur, with a view to ascertaining the possibilitieN of oittaining supplies of this classt of ore. Apiirt, however, fiimi the old Dalhousieor Play fair mine in I)alhou«ic township, nothing was seen that could lie prop-rly desi'riljeil as a hutnutito deiiosit. In some cases the only indications consisteil of pieces of hiematite, either lean or rich, ploujjhwl up in fields ; atothern, an ocherous imprefinalioti of the rocks or soil liad led to the belief that the piev alence of so much rusty material must indicate the existence of solid h» matite in deptU In overy case, however, a little investigation of the surroundings would demonstrate the connection of the phenomena with the oicurrence of outlying patches of the ♦luisul IkhIs of the sedimentary series. Where this formation showed distinctly, it would appear as if the supposed h:eiiiatite deposits cMisistcd of shattered poriions of the sandstone, the spaces between the broken pieces being fdled up with loose o-hreous oxide of iron, which had also percolatelKilily cumit in must iiistiiiuis, altlmujjli at jilact" ilistaiit fnmi the Iinsciit wist- of the I'aiiMZnic iiml at liii{li«i clfvatidiis. fliey may ri'imsfiit slmre ileiK.sits i.i^'il.■l u|. ill till- >.ii.,.. I'u.ii i««iti.iii i«ingiiur lumirlap. liiTKODi now 19 I It U evident thi»t lh«y i • limilar to thone noted. In llie «'h»r,.< iir of noteurceii ( Ontario, tionx given, re|M)rt of the Itoyal CuminiKiion on |«gea I'JH to 14'J, ninny xuili |iUc(' re nvntioneil, Mid »t one place vi/., Tainworth, a iiamtier of iliallov |>iu had been put down, which pn>vefl the »uperticial nature of thf . i-o«it, und that it waa underlain by oryHtalline liine»tonr. Tlie <|Ualitj ->f the ore here is said to havi- variiKl also fmiu ricii to i|uiti' lean. The (!t»olo)jiciil Survey callfid iittenti i. years ago, to similar occurr- ence* in the rotstiam* at otht-r places, *ti will be net-n by ref<'i us; to the (leoiogy of Ciiiiadii, piit{»« 1^' <>nrl S'.f. and the doloinitic nature of thi( formation in places was i..mi alluded «". Takin;{ everything int< noiNNint, it may i>e iwsuuied that the phen- omena observfd aie doloinitic iMirts of tl: (ichreous oxides of irn into the hii'inatttic t'oi, of the sandstone inifr* Mii'tii.ititi ft of the aN-'iiig down into the a • videB*i» to • iiiuiU'd depth only, ai-.J the t.*li*'f {lif*t th«i'lying Archaean r'>. in such a way as to i»? percolation downwar,*- i'^^m the ■ veriying rot%» cavities. Of those visit«l ibie Dallimisi. mun^ >s tin- only one having *"V |,.j|||,„^|,, ^„,| features of a contiu-HJU" orfbc*!* TV iw^resting point aliout this .MrXaijiiiinm. mine, lies in its Ijein. » l>o*-ii!«m«ii!!_: downwards for a known depth of 100 fei'i ii , me ny ever, that it simply •>>pre the originally-i = ving »«•' cavern in the ui rlying . features observt.i .n the sji^ i the mine already alluded ti the fact of its continuing being in fact entirely ovei.u.i surface between the ore and i i»li*lli»' iifft"'-' jne. It is suggested, liow- '^rrmiiiaatiif ijuiterial leached out from It , deposited in n waterworn ffcis V -w is l)iji lie out by several i .t««rop..und.d. the concluMons arrived at ...uy U- «tal...l a. foll.-wn: ■ locate.l by ..xplorerH. were a d.-nmnd to ar.-e for the ore. ;.!;:;Zn.e .if the depo.it. in order to W..p th- p-. .port.-.u of sulpha, low. PART II.-MAGNKTITK DKPO^ITS. Tt 1 IIT fnllowioL' cive the detailed d^criptionK of the Part* 11. and III. toUoxv.nh M , ,yy,j r:;;::::r ;::„"" :.i";r£..i.». «.» .. anu lut-i „„utaiico in ll^'t* n>tbefoio state! and Con. III., Lot >!. This .Mine i, situated within four n.iles of Bedford station, on^^Ki^ton and Pembroke railway, with which point it ...n- ncted by a branch line. The n.ain workings are on Con L. lot 6. Td Con.'in., lot «. near to the west shore of Thirty I.land lake. The ore-bodies develoj^d in the workings are in gneissio rocks h..,?^iriy at or near th!.ir contact wi.h a belt of crystalline h.e.one. f »lUt.'"^ :^^ Aftv^iik) mmm tvAM i i. i i t I ^ V X n I t ^ v. ^^^ii"**!. 1 EXPLANATORY NOTE. Rvadtnf t •! fh« dip-nHrfl* plotted at curv»t. (MlMtisni of tho horiiontil nMdl* shown thui - - -t Y«OT4H«J^j 9 I ft' ■'t. f -*-s .' 1 -I (r)colo(9al ^rnvfu of HOBIIIT ■CLL,0(c.,M.D^Lt..O.,rM*.,A lUOl flien )P"QH!ia OR B E DFORD jrOWN SHIP. _F_F»ONTE NAC COUNTX - Ont." . Iwki^rw/R/ h\/^> ■ ^v<*ww: i.L.o..F)i.«.,AeTiN« oiNicron IIMII r Projection on Station -P/aryt Ifntfi* V Dl-i// /*/« CatkCt of rigM- mgfot * ib i I r- I a Part I .^t'l—* Air** 726 ^mam MAOXETITE IIRPUMIT8. 21 I The lattei rtick outcrops exteiiNively to the south of the iiiaiii workings (ii.nrL.wir occupying all the interviil between them and the nrni of tlic lake, *''"*"• which runs parallel with tho line of the pit*, and obout COO feet ximth of theiii, in a westerly direction, for alwut three quarters of n mile. Immediately t.o the north of the workinjjs the gneigsic rocks of the series are largely develoj)ed. These us a « hole represent the varied character usual in this formation ranginji from pale-coloured aciilic and intermediate rocks to very dark heavy basic members. An area of the latter occurs north of the eastern workings. It -s roughly triangular in shape Ijeing about 500 feet wide at its eastern end and tapering to nothing at a point alxjut 500 feet west of No. 5 pit. No •harp delimitation is evident on the ground between this area and the gneisses of more normal eomposition to the north, of which it proltably represents a local i/eil basii; phase. This ..rea while generally basic in character, and apparently largely composed of hornblende coarsely crystallized frequently presents a largely mottled appearance from the existence of concentrations and veins of lilaek coarsely crystallized hornblende traversing a lighter coloured base consisting of hornblende crysUils with a waxy lr>oking mineral of felspathic appearance. The latter portion of the rock is more easily decomposable than the darker parts. In the hornblendic viins vuggs occur at times which are lined with well formed crystals of the same mineral. In places this basic area presents tine-grained compact dark-brown rocks very rotten and «lecomposel ore outcropi through the ilebrin, !«howing t'ur a foot or two in length and alxiut the !>iinie thickni'Ns. Itetween thi§ pit, however, iin>l No. 2, a niimlwr of little proipfct pits in these same rotten, lirown eurtliy anrl ru^^ty rocks seem to indicate an attempt to find workulile ore lietwet'n the two points. In picking all around I obtained ocinsional bits of good ore, and often the ruck on fresh frac- ture, WHS seen to carry disseniinatt'd grains of magnetite.* tt'orkliiff Xn. *i. — Coniists of an ojien cut 15 feet in depth, of irre- gular shape in the sid*^ of a hill of limestone. A pit sunk at the eastern end is said to he quite di'ep. Good ore is reported as having been encountered in the bottom. An examination of the walls of the excavation show.* irregular, tlut-lying toiigiics of on-, associated with decomposed rocky matter, apparciitly originally similar to some such basic rooks as are associated with the ore in the eiistern pits. Where worked out in the niiiin workings, the ore is said to have a thickness of from JO to 40 feet. Worktiiij X<>. ,", — Is a little test shaft down about 25 feet siiowing no features whicii could be noted without making the descent, for wliijh, there were nn means available. I'it Xo. '■>. — ^Vt this point occurs a very interesting: ore-ljotly con- sisting of magnetite and apatite in almut c«nial proportions in a gangue of calcite. It occurs in the nuiro acidic ^'neissic rocks some little distance north of the run of the other ore-bodies and as described, its mode of occuimnce is fiuile different. Tiie pit is alnnit '2') feet deep, and the ore-lnxly which was small was altogether worked out. The test pits sho.vn did not expose any more ore, but proved only the e.xtension for some distance eastward of the cilcite vein in which it occurred. This was mined to meet a deniaml for phosphatic ore fur the Hamilt iiiid .>! , Working No. T* consists at present of an ojK-n-cut alonirsid*. the ti"aureil from the hanging wall lide which it in itated proxeil thH exiiteiicr of o ore beluw tlie old workingii. The«e are niarkttl A., It., C, C, C". and |). on the accompanying plan, und on the vertical Hcction given there. The four right hand columns in the following tatmlation of particulam regarding thene drill hole* have heeii compiled from the tieitcription of the work given in the Journal of the Canadian Mining Institute, vol. i., part I., pp. 20.')-6. The reference letters coincide with thonc adopted in the accompanying plan of the mine, the holes having been dimply described in their order in the publicstion quoted. Particulars of liore — holes made with the Diamond tilendower Iron Mine. Drill at the z , < A. II. <•. C. c». I>. N. HO S. i N. 1 70 ! N. 1 78 N. 10" W. 78 >. 85 I Ki>i-k'4, ctr.. Kiii'iiuiiti-rt^t. fwt. 183'fi CrvatuUliii' liiiK'Hi'iiit'; liuriilili'iiili' : irmiiitv mill iinlv iiitrciil. Kiiii>il ill liiriri) drift irniji .>lil slmft. "02 IVirjii*{ In-iiitf nliiKwt iiBralUI to iire-' UmIv tlif latter war* nut encoiinttT- «1. ' 197 to 280 Thr.'Ugh ore forinntion for .'« feet.' 270 \ I to ]■ Throllljll 17."> feet of ore fol'lliutioU. 445 j I i ■ririation cut n(ro«M, iCllieflv lillie..tolle.. . , V*i Oto 425 )' 425 [On' UmIv tir.*t encountered. 525 j Hole hni>li(Hl oil i|uartz.. . Iti nuiik* f 5— ? = = § * i '.' - r I From the data given in the publiciition referred to and by reference to the plotting of the same on the plan of the mine, several interesting features are Wrought out. llub' A. simply gave a mea.surementby which the average dip of the hanging wall of the deposit at that place can !>• ascertained. This would seem to lie at an angle of about 76 , although the dip of the wall taken at surface measured 80°. Ilolf ('. is said to -T ^ VArniatiitn. Tnking th« hvi-miii' dip »t that point from the lurface tlowii (78 ) tbia woulil repi«Ni>nt n thickneu acrtNui th« formation of about i'> feet. The outcrop of actual ore, however, >• not ihow thi« width at nurfacr, mi thitt tlie de|ioait lacking definite limitation*, it i* ditlicult to arrive at u clo«e extimntc of the actuni thickneM repreieiitml liy the orey ground |ii'netrate ore iMMly ut an angle hIioiiM mIiuw a greater length of ore ground traversed than in the ease of the previous hole. The amount reported is, however, less by Momn twenty feet Ku that it would look us if theie wax a thinning out in pa))< to find wome t'orrolfirution in the result!) obtained further went n^ain . At thiM pilnt the ore ground traversed Ih reporte ;te fftt tliiik wa- |ii>i\,il, tlu' n-i '■. iiitr oi-ey gruunil. (ill lull iwer Mm.'. agx^-aa^rcaeiigrarrjy.tagrr"-- id I (tKOLOOICAL It'llVBT Or TAXADA. Uni'fl north of rh« ItmiMtona conUct bt'twpcn pit* No*. I •ml 5. At th« vMtprn cnr, of counc, rpprasenl tim actual width of th« ore-bearing wnn a* the needle i* iieceoNnrily alTi-cted by the ore-lKxiv for Ronie diNtance on i>ith«r Hide, Thin will be iteen by reference to the curves on the plan where the linen of obtervation approach the pit^ from the liuieotoneitide. The inni^'nelii- reMults obtained iilonK thi> linen to ihn west of No. 5 pit would Neeni to |ioint to iho alMience of any chain of oreltodieo Itetween the caHtern pit and the workin^n No**. (I mid 7. Theie liiieH being about 400 feet apart there might of coumu be louie small bodieH ulong the otjntiict in between them. Ore thiiimfniK, ,te. — Clt>*o to the traek where it pnttex the main nhnft lit No. 1 working there wnt iit the lime the mine wafi viNitetl a pile of several hundred toiiH ot' ori>. In thin it wan noted timt pyrite and calcite were considerably in evidtMice and an eye eatimatit placed the admixture of t'oreign material at altoiit 10 per cent. In theevidt'ni'e regarding this mine i;iven before the Ontario Mineral Coiiimi«Nii)ii of l.'"*8, it is stated that theorexliip^ied from the mine ran from AO to tJO per cent in iron contents. When it wast lieing workeil by the lilen- dowerC'onipany, they, having a long wauon haul to their shij pin-point, »ent away no poorer ore than tit) per cent. It is further stated that the Zanesville Company, having built a brttni;li line, could ship directly from the mine and that ihf percentage of ore ran u«i low a^ •')ii prr 'Mit iron. Kioiu the same sourci' it is leariieil that the ore first oljtiiiiK'i! waH t'lCH t'lom .sulphur, but that this ron-'tituent in deleterious <|uantity wa.s enenuntiM-ed at a depth of alniut IsO fett. According to .Mr. liawden, of Kingston, who h.is been connected with mining in the liistrict for years, this mine shipped about .'10,000 tons ot' ore up to 1 ■**!'■"). Uiftori/ of ihe mill';. — The foilowim,' items relating' to the history of the work done at this mine are gathered from the evidence of .Mr. J. Itawden, given before the Ontario .Mineral Coiiimi.ssion, before men- tioned. After some years of devi-lopment work by the first owners, the Glendower Company was formed in 1S73, who not only paid down a sum for the least- of the mine, but also twenty cents per ton royalty. They mined for si-ven years, at the end of which time thej- gave up the lease. This Company had a capitid of .-i.'iO.OOO, largely subsctibed by ^^.^ ■^ V.\(I<«ITITB UCI-ONITK. •il I furnace ownvrnof Kliuira, N.Y., to which plac<' they tixik the i)re •ml < 'IriMluwrr prufenvml theiuitelvfs well |>le»iu.>it»liiitH of thi\t place and of Cleveland, Ohio, They conntructpti thit hraiicli linn to the mini', utid operitted on a liirge Rcalc with •xtenitive plant, for four or tive yeiiri«. The capital of tliix C4)nip>tny wan »'-'l)0,(KX). Fn 1887 thii« ConifM»ny wiw nier;;cd in the Kin;{itton and IVmWroke Mining Company, which, with a Httx'k cupilul of ■'lOti,- 000, tortk over thix, and a nunilier ut other iniiiea, in thn diittrict. At the tiriii' of our vixit in I89.'), the minn hiid liecn idin moiiii- yenn.* iM/itnl Tuivn»hij>, Con. //.. f.ot i>. At thn bottom of the biiy which rum in Houtli of, and pHrallfl to, Ikilf.tril II. .\ the (ilendowi'r range of orc-bodieelt nionu the northern Hide of which lie the workin){!* previously ili-scrilied under tho h«!tdinK of the (Jloiulowur mine. An iherii metitinned, the limeNt' ' 'iil -npping sIiuwm ii width of aljout ilOO or 700 feet. The litll fe«'t dei'p, in the bottom of which i •bout twenty-live by fifteen feet. Kit in only uiioiit lour ■r.i. '« of ore, meanuring I een I'one "'i i with the intention of determining the direction •>( exten>ion of tlie oie- by the work. In one of the trenches aliout thirty feet to the nort f the pit, .-iome coarsely crystulli/ed liornl>lendlc rock is shown. At the pit the on? seems to l)e nvcrlidd by i» deeoinjmsed, dark green rock, with parallel seams of a liishler green material. It has tho uppear ancn of dipping slightly -smithwaiil. The oru shown similui parallel goams of the light green material, and its leHemblarice to the itu-l'^iiig rix'k in this and other res[)eets leaves the impre.ssioii that it re|ire.-ients a highly iiiiignetiferous portion of the .same. A little pile of ore has lieen set aside iiipusuring !ilH)ut l-n ton-*. It carries a eonsiderahlo jiroportioii of intermixed foreign material, ~ .\t till' t lii>' >ti tile t'X.illliliatittI) llliule ill ItKMI, tilt- lllillf n';li* ;iln<> uWv ;lttl"ii|^K it hii'I Im'i.h Ifiist-it (Itirin^c tlw j'r»'\ imi.. vi-rir tn tin- Haiiiilton Sir^iltiiitf i 'niii;>iiii,t. i Ontiiiii). will! hiMl 'I'Hif -Mill!., littii' W'uk .r'niml pif No. » ;in(| lt.nl "[».n*'l ii]i pi*.* Nt'>*. .*! illul ."ill. 38 I OEOLOOICAL SURVEV "^F CANADA. amongst which ciili'ite is observable, and pyrite, the latter fairlj- frequent. The magnetic curves given on the plan, of the observations made with the dip needle at this point speak for themselves. IIOWSE MIXE. Bedford Ton-iiiihip, Con. /., Lots ■! nrnl .'f. Howst- Mine. About a mile and a half to the south-west of the last mentioned, are some pits which are known liy the above name. No examination was made of these, but they are of interest as showing the extension of the chain of ore-bodies on the south side of the lime-stone belt. Mr. Jas. White of the !>ion, -ays:— "The Black Lake property was under prospecting lease to tl:e Bethlehem Mining Co. and ."ome 50 tons of rich ore have been taki-n away. At the time it was under lease, there were i;reat difficulties in the way of transportation ; since that time, a canal has been cut from Thirty Island lake to Black iak'> and the ore can be brought down to the permanent track at Thirty Islaiirl lake. ^' Bedford Ton-tmhi/), Con. III., f.o' •<'. Some small test pits and strippiiigs have been made on magnetite liodies on this lot and a diamond drill hole has been sunk to a depth of about 300 feet. A large development of basic Laurentian gneiss occurs in this vicinity, in which are isolated boflies of magnetite of varying size. An interesting occurrence of apatite of .'.mall extent had also been found in tht! same rooks a little distance from ons of these magnetite bodies. Ii..lful|l, III., MISSISSIPPI OR ROBERTSVII.LE MINK ASU MAIiV MINE. I'a/inernlon Toirnship, Con. IX., LoIk -i and .'/. The Ilobertsville mine is connected with the Kingston and PemVjroke railway by a short track of about a mile in length, and when working the ore could be hoistel»rt»villi' niir) Mary Mint-K. The mode of occurrence of the ore-bodies in this iil.ice contrasts with that at many other localities in the district in that there is no lime- stone in the immediate vicinity nor connected with them. The rock immediately inclosing the ore is a dark, compact, heavy basic rock, probably diorite which seems to extend for a considerable distance around.* Whilst in the field-examination, no gneissic structure was noticed except in a few places where it seems to be slightly developed, the hand specimens brought back seem on closer examination to have some parallel structure. The rock exposures around the mine show an irregular, pink, felspathic veining, and a light-green mineral probably epidote is frequently seen in patches. On examination of the hand specimens, pj'rite seems to be fairly plentiful throuifliout the rock and in one of the small fel-^^'athic veinlet.s, octahetlra of magnetite could be seen ; epidote occurring in the same veinlets. The developments consist of the main pit, a couple of shallow open- cuts near it and two small pits at some little distance from the large Working. The accompanying plan shows the relative positions of tlie various openings and other features. iVorking Xu. 1. — Tliis is the most extensive. It consists of an irregular opening about 200 feet d"0]i with an extreme longitudinal dimension of a'wut lOS feet, the ore having been worked out to a thickness of over 50 feet in places. The exca. .;.— At this point a small onen-cut has been driven east into the same ridge as the last mentioned, attaining a depih of 15 feet at its inner end. . The rock seems to have a gn-issic st.ucture here and dips about 4r, degrees south getting steeper as it goes down. J' it Xo. .;.— Is a small test shaft, depth unknown. A rib of ore about 5 feet thick sliows at the surface. J'it>i ■; and ';.— Are just small prospect holes showing nothing in particular. Openctil Xo. ;._This is in a side hill and is alw V, feet deep with a sinking in one end apparently only a few feet deeper. The ore occurs in dark basic rock similar to that at the other points, and shows the same reticulation c.f jre and associated minerals. It.lx rt.Hvillo a.,.l .MaJy ' J 32 I GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CAHADA. RtllxTtHvillr and Mary MineH. Open-cut Xo. S. — Here a small open-cut into the side of a hill ends in a littlo tunnel about 125 feet long which turns in such a way as to pass under the worl.ing at No. 9, at a slight depth below the surface. Optn-eut No. 'J. — la a shallow open-oust working from which some ore has been taken, which iit the time of the examination was piled near the opening. Diamoml Drill Ej'i)loratJin. — Besiles the diamo...'. drill holes des- cribed al.ove, a number of others were put down on the hanging wall side of and at 8ome distance from the range of ore-bodies along the strike, hut no records are available as to results attained. ."•hi^mir.nta.—ll is stated that between t),000 and 7,000 tons of ore were shipped from this mine up to 1895, and according to the owner of the mine the ore shipped carried no sulphur. Dip Xftdle Readings. — Six preliminary lines of dip needle readings at every ten paces were taken, but no particular iittraction was shown except in the immediate vicinity of the main pit, and between pits 7 and 8, at the Mary mine openings. Palmcrsti ii I'almertton Tmimghip, Con. XI., Lots .',", ^S. Aliout a mile along the road west of Lavant station, on the King- ston and Pembroke railway, a little work has been dont> on an occur- rence of magnetite. It consists of a small pit about 10 by 12 feet and, judging from the dump of rock, not very deep. It is at the base of a little limestone rid;;e, and the ore is at the contact of that rock with a gray gneiss. The limestone shows at places, a contorted structure which is well brought out by the sinuous course of bands of magnetite of various thicknes.s, and of other included minerals, among which actinolite and chlorite are of frequent occurrence. As noticed elsewhere this latter mineral seems to specially affect the limiting walls of the ore ribs. The little ore-pile shows good ore, with some attached limestone and a little intermixtu)e of chloritic and hornblendic minerals. BYfiRdtTE MINE. Bygrove s?; South Sherbrooke Tcirnnhip, Con. /., Lot ■)'. At this place little or no developments have l)een made. The work done consists of a pit about forty feet long by twenty feet wide. Its MAIlNICTlrE DKPOSITM. *3 I depth, )u(l>{ing from the iiiiiount of the inateriBl extractpJ, and from Hy(fr'"<'mine. infonniitioii jjiven by the residents of the vicinity, would i)e about twentv-Kve feet. It ia full of water up to within ten feet of tli'- top. By careful chipping around the walN standing above the water-Uvel, nia<,'netite could l>e found in irregular, and apparently not very jmt sistent ribs, varying from an inch 'ir two, to ii little over a foot in thickness, but they seemed often to thin out very rapidly in places, and to come in in other places in quite an ccceiitri"- in.inner. Besides the pit mentioned, blasts ha%e Ijeen put into the outcrop of the deposit, at several places, ooverinL' a length of alwut tifty feet. These workinifs have not been at all extensive, and show maj^netite occurring in the .same irregular way as in the pit. As far as couUl be determined the -trike is parallel to that of the distinctly band(«l gneissic mcks, seen to rrop out to the southward, commencing alniut t«enty feet from tlie pit. The work donr i-i not of such a nature or extent as to eiiabl-' a clear idea to lie fuimed, as to the direction and extent of the outcrop, but if it continues to the west, it must bo hidden by the Cover of soil found in that direction, whilst to the east it dues not show at all and the country rocks nopping out as they ding the theory started when the ilistrict was first lieing worked, that this occurrence was a coniinuation of the I'ournier mine deposit, over four miles to the eastward. Ore characteristics. — The ore taken out has been left in a pile near the pit, and probably represents the whole output, except a small experimental shipment of alwut aix tons, said to have been made. The ore pile to-day would .seem by measurement to contain alx)ut 140 tons, which agrees closely with the statement made in Mr. Vennor's report on this district (Report of Ptogfeis, 1870-72, p. 31 'i). An exaniih:ttion 3 34 I aROLOOtCAL llTRVkV Of CANADA. ByRruvruiiiiH, of this pile showed it to conxist largely of hornblende largely crysUl- lized, but HoinetimeH more finely with ribs and seams of magnetite through it. It is probable that the intermixed material would amount to fully fifty per cent of the whole. Fyrites is present but not in very large (|uantitiefi. Country roek».—lo the south of the pit for some distance there is a considerable development of gneiss of an acidio character. To the northward definite outcrops of solid rock ire infrccjuent, there are, however, no si^ns of limestone for some distance at this point. The walls of the pit show a rather rotten brownish gneissic rock. The mineral character of the deposit could be hest descrilied as magnetite in irregular ribs and veins, or disseminated, associated with coarse, blackish-green hornblende, the latter crystallized in interferent aggre- gates, showing bright sparkling cleavage fracture surfaces. Occasion- ally vuggy places occur, lined with hornblende crystals. Koumifr mine. FOURNIKR MINK. South Shfrbrookn Toiimthip, Con. I, Lot J. '4. Thn workings known by the aixjve name consist of some five pits and Jther openings of various dimensions. The ore worked occurs in an area of basic rock which seems to consist largely of hornblende and iiugite with white felspar. Biotite is plentiful and pyrite s«'ems to bo fairly fre u 1 a' z H z (0 Bl z >• ^ S 1 h Z 3 z < fi kl O o J lii X Q. Si 2 X It I a' ft < O P CD It z < s III Z -1 (0 di 4. 1)1 i- XS MADHKTITI DEPOKIW. 35 I H tion of »lK)ut E.N.K. and W.H.W, Thk direction of the run of ore K..urni.* ooourn»nceH coinride. roughly with th»l of the general formation of the dintrict im Hliown on Mr. Vennor* map.* Pits Nutherly range, piU No*. '2, 3 and 4, on tho inimt northerly, and the small ore cropping^ behind the Urn, tfigether with a similai one about 300 feet about E.N.K. .eem to connlitiite im inierinwlittte /.one. WhiUt this is true, however, regarding tho arrangement of the workingH, etc., neither obwrvation of the ground nor the result of the dip needle readings so far as made favour the idea of the c.'.tinuity of the ore l*twe<«n the different pita on the siime range. The particulars of the different pits as far as could be observed on the surface are at followH : — Workt.-j Xo. /.—Is a shallow pit in the rock. A little ore was found in place »l the west end, but it was m grown up with rushes that but little further could be seen. The small stripping t.. the w.-st of this point con.sUta of a shallow cut made by a few blasU on the outcropping of a small rib of magnetite, a few inches thick. Working .Vo ,'.— An irregular pit about 15 feet deep in the heavy basic rock. It is, however, so grown up with brush that but little can be seen. In the rock stripping at the west end of the pit a small isolated patch of ore occurs, exhibiting a surrounding envelope of dark hornhlendic mineral. The hornblende of the rock shows at places, dark and coarsely crystallized. Workiw, Xo. .;. -I.s a larg<- open cut abf^ut 70 feet long by 20 ft-et wide with' a deep pit at one en.l. According to our guide, this is about 120 feet deep an! otf nil the wuy down. At the mouth of tliiN pit Hevornl ril>> of ore hiv vinible lacHsuriiiH fr^iiu 1 in<^h to C or 8 inchoH thick, the iimKiiftiio itnelf, where it kIiow-i, iippiitrinf; purf. Working \o. .'i. — I" rt nhftllow open cut in the rock alMiut '> ft-et deep •nd aliout TiO fflf>t lonu with a aurfiicu Htrippinu fur anutlii-r 50 tout wiuth-w«Nt from it. S<'\tirul Hiiiidl riti-. ■>( ore ivru viNible >ui at tlie otht-r piti. Ollii-r ()iilrr<:/>/iiHgii. — Other points whi'ii' ore iicciirs nre nhown on thf nroif iIh- district wiit only disturWd in tlic iiiinicdiate vicinity of tin- )iiiM, m sv iIhm' pwii to occur and had l>wii workwl. Or« Clinrai'lf.riMis. — All the ore mined duiint; the (iprnitionN cur- ried oil in previous ycirs Imvini; l>eet» rcmii-.-cil. there w.i.s no oppor- tunity to jiidj;e its olmractetistics. Fioiii il . inudc or occurietice, however, and from what little was lyin; ar"Uiiiil ilioii at the end of this ropiiit. Tlic remarks u|>on the piuper iiiteri'ietation of assay ri'stilts ''Ivcii in the [ntroduction must howcvi r be bjrnein mind. ALLANS M!Xi:. Xoflli Croahy 'J'oiciislii/i, Con. IV., Lot ..'!'. Allah- I iiri-, «Time allowi^d of but a hurried visil to this place. .Acconling to our K""J''' ^'■'' I'ouniier, who resides on the next lot north of this, the points visitefl comprised all the work done on the dp|)osit. These consisted of a couple of shallow strippings, almut ■.'•"> by 40 feet and alK)Ut 50 feet apart. The surface rock had been blasted away f.ir -1 fVw fei-t down from thi' Riirfaci', Tl'.e surroundini^ rock ii a d.ark basic variety ajifiarently very similar to that of the Fournier mine ' MAriSieTITI DBKwIW. ST I »nt in opration, i-n repri'wntiiig II ropreiMsnt in nil c. the Kriiile above d««:rib.'d tthowintf .t pl«o«Mi umRMtite in r *.i .iU ai..! veini, At! .... inin*. etc. The work wa« in ituoh » oondition that but ' ' ■ lUl 1« determined u to the ini|M»rtttni (faturun <»f the dopoiit. Our Kuido, who worked iit the mine -vlu »iUtwl that no ore was nhippttl. N. .thing .'a on fxtriicted. exiept Homt- small piles wha' about JO tons of niftteriiil. If tlifw wore hc woulil l)e low from tlio vsry lar«.. a,;>oke Ton-n^hip, C»n. III., L<>l /\ V> o„d .■". The woikinsjs goin^' by this name are situate- mine. 38 I OBOLOUICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. Chriatira I«ke mini'. The rocky walls of the working being very much stained with rust a careful examination was made with the pick along the length of the cut where the orey rib was found to have a thickness of but a few inches at the lower end towards the lake, increasing to about four feet at the upper end of the working. This is evidently the place spoken of by Mr. Vennor in his description of these mines in the ' Report of Progress of the (Geological Survey, 1872-3, pp. 171-5.' He there says : ' the uppermost lead of ore and the nearest to the lake has been uncovered for about thirty-five feet in length by twenty-four feet in breadth and a considerable mass of ore has been exposed. No wails have yet been reached and I think it is probable that the uncovering has been extended on the face of the bed, rather than across the outcrop.' It is evident that much work was done subsequent to his observations and that his surmise was correct, the hanging wall rock having been simply stripped off, exposing a certain amount of the back of the ore rib. When this was pierced, however, and its comparative thickness demonstrated, the erroneous conclusions of the miners as to the extent of the ore-body based on the large exposed surface of ore, must have been dispelled. Judging from the general rustiness pyrite is probably present in quantity. Working A'o. 2. — About GOO feet further west along the shore, from the last mentioned, is another open cut into the rocky slope of the lake shore. 8tiirting a short distance from the water's edge and slightly above that level, it has been run inward for about sevcnty-tive feet in a north-easterly direction ending in a face about ten to fifteen feet in height. The rock passed through reminded one strongly of the harder and darker coloured pyroxenites of the phosphate district of Ottawa county, Quebec* Here, as there, irregular centers or vuggs occur freiiuently which are lined wiili crystals of the rock constituents and throughout the exposure, pink and cream coloured calcite shows in irregular patches and v(>inlets. As with the phosphate, niapnetite occurs irregularly throughout the mass, being perhaps more particularly found in connection with tlie loose, vuggy portions. At one place a vugg was noticed lined with fairly well-defined crystals of magnetite. Pyrite is also frequent at times in patches of considerable extent and pale green apatite was also ol)3erved. All these minerals seem to he more distinctly separated out where free crystallization has In-en possible. The resemblance to the phosphate foriii;ition already noted is rendered more complete, by the presence here also of the curious * Set' ApiN-iiilix A., wii«riiii»!ii Nn. 5. t^^niippi :\ •] MAGNETITB DEPOSITS. 39 I so-called 'leopard «H!k' so frequently found in connection with the Chr«tH^^^ apatite deposits. CloM to the northern end of this open cut and on the western side a pit of small diameter has been sunk to a depth of about 16 feet and at short distances around are several shallow pro- specting pits. Working iXo. ^.— About 125 feet north of the inner end of the open cut just described, is a shallow rock stripping the centre of wkch shows a surface about 40 by 20 feet of pretty good orey ground. -le surrounding rock surfaces are very rusty and rotten, and pynt^ -wms to be plentiful. Owing to this, and to the way the opening has been made, determination of the essential features of the ore body are rendered difficult. It looks, however, as if it represenled an appr^i- mately flat lying ore-l)ody from which the overlying rock had been stripped. Thus the exposure of ore surface made, would give no measure of the real extent of the ore-body, its thickness, strike or dip, etc. Working No. 4.— Is a shallow open cut working in ore the occurrence of which however is irregular. Working No. .5.— Is an open cut run southerly into the rise of the hill, .ind having a face of alx)ut 10 by 12 feet. There seems to he a good deal of ore in ribs right across, but as elsewhere, the workings are not in condition to give any definite date a, to the mode of occur- rence. Dip Needle ob8eri-ations.-rime permitted of but two main lines of readings being taken, which for convenience of reference are designated A and B. The first (A) beginning on the shore of the lake at the mouth of open cut .no. 1, passing up through the open cut was con- tinued in a northerly direction, the whole distance measuring about 600 feet. For the first 200 feet in the proximity of the working con siderable disturbance of the needle is recorded, but for the last 400 feet practically no abnormal attraction was noticed. The second line (B) commenced at the shore at the mouth of open cut No. 2, proceeding in a direction alwut X.E. for about laO feet alongside the cut. The readings were then continued about northerly to No 4 working, for some 300 feet, and thence north-westerly past workings 4 and 5 for alx)Ut 1 00 feet. The only noticeable disturbances of the needle were shown along the first 150 feet in the vicinity of No. 1 open cut and adjacent work in - For the remainder of the distance no local attraction wiis shown. 40 I OSOLOOICAL ai'RTIT OP CANADA. Chrutiea Lake mine. Besides the above, iovestigstion was made for local attraction at a number of other points. Readings were taken every few feet along the lower and outer bench of open cut No. 1, as well as along the length of open cut No. 2, no attraction being found in either case. Readings of the needle were made every few paces from working No. 2 to working No. 3, and all around these workings thence southward to the shore of the lake every few paces, but no attraction was shown except at one point near the S.W. edge of the stripping. Around the workings Nos 4 and 5 no attraction was found except where the needle was held close to the small ribs of ore showing. General Observations. — At this mine the ore where exposed all occurs in the gneissic rocks. Limestone however probably occupies the floor of the lake near the shore as the general strike of the forma- tion in this vicinity being about N.E. and S.W. would locate there the continuation of the bund of that rock, which shows on the lake shore about a mile eastward of the mine. This supposition is borne out by the occurrence of a large island of limestone almost immediately in front of the workings about a quarter of a mile out from the shore. About 200 feet west of open cut No. 3, limestone occupies the shore line for a distance of about 200 feet, but does not appear to pass inland and is probably just a fringe of the main band already alluded to. The unsatisfactory way in which the development work has been done, the second growth bush, and the general conditions, render it very difficult to decide upon the relationships of the different exposures to each other. It is further hard to make the working's above described coincide with the description given by Mr. Vennor in the report of pro- gress of the Geological Survey for 1872-73. The first mentioned opening of his description seems to tally with open cut No. 1 above described, but beyond that I was not able to follow the detoription on the ground. This may have been on account of work done sub-^eijuent to his visit. Judging, however, from all the features presented at the various points where ore is exposed, as far as those visited are concerned, the mode of occurrence would seem to be more likely to be as elsewhere in the district, viz., irregular deposits in basic gneissic rocks, rather than that these should be interpreted as they were formerly as points on the outcropping of several continuous beds of ore underlying each other. The dip needle results also as far as they went would seem to weigh against the latter probability The two open cuts on the shore were connected and surveyed in with plane table and micrometer, but the inland workings had to be sketched by means of compass and pacing. MAONETITE DEPOSITS. 41 I Mr. Vennor's description before alluded to, ki^m also an analysis of Chil^.tirg a Hpc'ciinen of the ore by Dr. Harrington, then chemist to the Geological "'"'' """' Survey'*'. From this it is evident that the ore at thix place resembles that at the Chaffy mine in >)eing more or le.ss titaniferous. The per- centai;e of phosphorus would prol)ably depend upon the care with which apatite waa looked for and .sorted out when it was found to occar in places in the dep>o.sit. South Shore Workings. — Mr. Vennor mentions some work which was done on the south shore of the lake alxtut opposite those alwve described. The ore is said to have Ijeen of good (|uality, but does not appear to have occurred in quantity and the work done was not extensive. I ■5; SILVKK LAKE MINK. South Shfrbrooke Totrnship, Con. IV., Lot Vi. A visit was made to some workings about a mile W. from the fijiver Lake Christie's I>ake mine. These were situated on the east shore of Silver i>'''«'- lake. Mr. V^ennor in his report to the survey mentions some more extensive workings as occurring on the south side of the lake on luts l.'i, 11 and 10 in the .same range. Notwithstanding that, our guide showed those on 16 as constituting the Silver Lake mine, the two places are evidently distinct. At the place visited a small cut (A) al»out 30 by 20 feet had been opened out in the aide hill rising from the shore of the lake. The working is near the water's edge and its face rises about 12 feet above the level of the same. This opening has been made in a dark compact homblendic rock. An examination of the walls extending around the sides of the work- ings showed only very little magnetite, as if the whole l)o«ly had been taken out !;.w>ing a little of the mineral attached at n few places around the edge. In judging the material which has come out of the opening and assuming that the more carefully made pile is the ore, it would seem that the latter represents but a more magnetiferous por- tion of the basic rock in which the excavation has been made. But little pyrite was noted. About 100 yai-ds in a southerly direction on the shore of the lake is an exposure of dark crystalline hornblende, reticulated with ribs and veins of magnetite, and showini.' occasional irregular areas of the " .'^pt.' table of aiKilyscs. .\|i|H>n(!i\ \:.. 42 t HEOLOniCAL BCRVKT OF CANADA. giivpr Lake mine. ' leopard rock ' before alluded to as occurring at Christie's Lake mine. Between these two poinu are several insignificant shallow workings in the homblendic rock. On the south-west side of these basic rocks a coHrse crysUUine lime- stone outcrops skirting along the shore. It shows numerous and curious inclusions of the dark basic rock, which are often twisted and frequently have a corroded surface. At a point a few rods northerly from the main working a forked tongue of the crystalline limestone penetrates the dark basic rock. Dip Needle Readings.— A line of readings with the dip needle was taken in a north-west and south-east direction between the southerly exposure on the shore and the main pit, and continued beyond that point for aljout 200 feet and a line also at right angles to this crossing the main pit, extending about 250 feet from the lake shore. South of the large pit the attraction appears w be strong co the average, with some evidences at one or two intermediote pointb of possible occurrences of magnetite. To the north of this pit no attraction out of the normal was found to exist. Along the line crossing the large working in an easterly and westerly direction from the shore inland for some 250 feet, but little disturb- ance of the needle was shown. The next described form a range of mineriil properties on a line running roughly E N.E and W.S.W. upon which have been made a few openings on small bodies of magnetite. The particulars noted at each place are as follows : — KITCHIE MINE. South Shfrbrooke Toivnship, Con. VIL, Lot IH Ritchiriiiiii.-. At this point a small test pit had been sunk to the depth of about 10 feet, in which were visible two exposures of magnetite, one on the south side, and the other on the north side of the pit. These ore ribs for the few feet exposed, seem to follow in a general way, along the strike of the inclosing gneissic rock which is about eiist and ■vest. The dip s-eems to be to the south 40 on the north side, and about 60^ on the south .side. The section exposed in the east end of the pit, shows the two ore ribs separated by pale pink felspathic gneissic rock a few feet in thick- ness, in which the structure is marki>d by thin streaks and bauds of a ■m MAONBTITB DKPOBlTfc. 43 I + dark mineral probably hornblende. Judging from the trend of these, Kitvhiemine. there is here a small overturned synclinal bend in the gneiss, and the two ore-exposures are probably portions of a single rib following the same bend. At the west end of the pit the ore-rib seems to thin out very considerably. A numljer of vugs or cavities occur both in th<) ore-ribe and ut the bend in the rock between them, and these cavities are lineiiig of a iiarrow band of crystalline calcite similar to that showing in the pit. T!ie ore consists sometimes of a coarse granular aggregate of magne- tite somr'timcs of that mineral in more compact masses sliowin;; a vitreous fracture. MORROW MINE. South Sherbrouke Toirnship, Con. VIII., Lot 1-1. t About a mile 'VV.S.W. from the last described, is the property y\,„ known as the Morrow Mine. A small pit about 15 feet in diameter by abof.' iO feet deep, has been sunk on what appears to have lieen a small pocket of magnetite in the basic gneiss of the vicinity. The rock here as at the Ritchie Mine strikes about east and west. The magnetite occurs sometimes massive with a vitreous fracture, sometimes with a loose pebbly scructure like an interferent a<;gregate .Sfi- A|'|N-ii, L- i^ li. i hit-Ill Si^ciuieii I*!u. ii>\v mtn#'. i 44 I OKOLOOICAL Ml'RVRV OP CAXADA. Morniw 111 III'. of crysUls, the grains being at times roughly octahedral in form, and again an a mam of magnt>tite and i|uartz. A little admixture of mica shows in thf> ore pile and apatite is t') be recognized not infrequently. A good deal of rust is presient from the decomposition of the pyrite, which judginsj from the waste dump appears to have occurred plenti- fully and in large pieces in iht? deposit, which was evidently character- ised l)V the presence of vugs and i-nvitics lined with tjuartz and crystnls of black hornblende. MABEKI.Y PK0PERTIE8. Mabt-rly pro|iertieii. An extension of the ore-bearing belt, in which the two last described properties are situated is iliiiiiied as having been proved for about five miles to the W.8,W. This belief of the owners of the properties leeros to be based upon the evidence of the dip-needle, iw no development work has been clone. A day was spent in making a partial examination of this range of country » iih the dip-needle, but it is evident that no very detinite con- clusions could be arrived at by any one without making a con:plete and systematic magnetic^ survey. Commencing at lot 15, Con. V., 0.w Tp., considerable attraction waa shown at a number of points along a distuice of about three miles to about lot 9, Con. IX. in South Sherbrooke. Whilst, however, these heavy dips were shown at isolated points, the attraction between these points was found to be light. In fact, failing more complete observation with the needle the evidence ho far adduced would lead rather to the belief in the existence of a basic belt of gneiss carrying probably a fair pro- portion of miignelite as one of the constituents of the rock, that mineral being more concentrated at spots. At these points when located by a systematic magnetic survey, development work might prove the existence of a,'gregation3 of the magnetite into bodies of sufficient purity and extent, to be profitably worker'. The rock crop- pings observed along the distance traversed corroborated this view, consisting as they did of a basic hornblendic gneiss, very similar to that described in conntction with the Morrow and Ritchie properties. On lot 15, con. V., Oso Tp., this rock was found at places to show a considerable proportion of disseminated magnetite and some pieces of pure ore were also obtained. MAOXniTB DEPOSITB. 45 I FARKEL8 LOT. Bathurtt TowHuhip. On the road l^tween iheFournir mine and th»> cast end of Chriitie's Kirr.VWdt. Lake on the lot of Mr. Oeorgo Farrel an interwiing occurrence of magnetitit was visited. The mineral occart in a little outcropping of crystalline lime»Uaiic «nei«8ic rock HO cummon in the district, in such a way an t<> seem to nuile sur- roun'l the limentouo which i» cut at this point by a coarse pegmatite dyke. The magnetit" occurs as isolated nwiules throughout the lime- stone, and as protulieranors from thfl walls of the waterworn chiinnels and little caves that traverse it. Those were the only features noticea- ble in the vt-ry short time at disposal for the examination, but it is worthy of recoi-d as a curious jissociation in which to find the --jineral. It would rer,i.^liij>. The workings that went iiy this name are situated about eight |.-„i,,y ,„i| miles west of Perth. The e.xistence of magnetite dopositN at this place was mentioneil by Mr. Vennor, in the Heport of Progress of the G;>ological Survey for 1870-71. He also drew attention to the fre<|uent admixture of crv.-,t.illiue green apatite with the ore, the presence of which uiinenil was also noted durinu my examination. A number of openings have been made on lot 1 1, toward its southern end. One was 10 tV'et deep, another bein,' full of water, its depth could not \k iiscertained, ;ind all the openings were small. The ore occurs in what seems to be n (l.irk basic rock which crops out all around and is apparently for ihe most part compact in structure although at places there is some semblance of pjiiallel structure. At places mica and hornblende occur in large crystals. In examining the pits by chipping all round, no evidence could be found of any extension of the different ore-l)odies, but us far as could be ascertained they were circumscribed by the inclosing rock. This wa-s clearly the ciise in one pit. ' U'JtT- - 48 I (tBOLOOIOAL iUIIVIV Or TAItADA, Kolejr mini'. No liinmtone shows in the immpdiate vicinity, and its mode of occur- rence strongly recalls, •■ mcntioued in othur t-ases, that nt the apatite in Ottawa County, (juelMw, vii. : irregular aggregations of the mineral throughout an area of banio rook. Tho peculiarly compact structure of the magnetite and its very vitreous fracture is in marke^ , t 1 (t^ ^^ I ii; ! K •:■#»• ..•*i*^^. >H m 1 ,^ ^ TM '^■•/•■,iy' a .r^^H T% \ i'M ■ -fi* - v" ■* , ih V- I' i. 1 •■' > ■H inAi/v*' ^^^^^■^ 1 . !■ ^^H- ''. ■ ^^■r )'' 1 ^^K/ ^"° fTI ^^V v«| «l i?V • ( ■v^- t.t ■ f% 9 fier 3. »,■•>•»...'»» << lalSmofQaffoato lt<.,M.O,LLD,l!R.«,ACTIs in a southerly direction, which, taken with the rise of the hill, partly accounts for the curve in the line of pits. At the east end. however, there seems to lie evidences of contortion of the formation but the relationship of the worked ore bodies to each other, and to the inclosing rocks, is somewhat confused, and the time at disposal did not allow of sufficiently detailed work to decide these points. The accompanying plan shows the detail of the workings. Commencing at the foot of the hill and working eastwards up the slope, the description of the different pits is as follows :— The workings numbered 1, 2. 3, 4 and 5 are all in the gneiss or close to its contact with the underlying limestf i e. IKorAini; A'o. 7. --Consists of a shallow pit abandoned a long time previous to the examinution. Working iVb. .'.—Here an incline has l)een sunk at a point where some shallow surface pits had been previously made. At the time cf examination, however, nothing could be seen, the excavation being full of water. Working Xo. .i.— At this place isan open cut about 160 feet along the outcrop of the ore-body, the incline shaft shown on the plan having been sunk below its western end. Work was progressing at the time of the visit made, so that some features of the deposit could be seen. In inaugurating the present operations, the old workings were unwatered, and drifting was done to connect the old or westerly incline (.3a) with the new incline (36) sunk to the east of the same, as shown on the plan. Connection was also made with the old excavation below working No. 4. The old shaft (No. 3a) is inclined at about 30 degrees down to the first drift, after which the excavation is continued on the level to the end. All the drifts shown are on this level, the incline (No. 36) in its downward continuation, passing below them at an average angle of inclination of about 1 4 degrees. The formation flattened out in depth, the inclination of the upper part being about 27 degrees, whilst below it flattens off in places to as little as 8 to 10 degrees.* Numerous long .Xcconling to the latest infiiriiiation received. .TaniKiry IJKIl this incline had attained a deiith of over SW feet. 48 I OIOLOOICAL SITIIVEV OF CANADA. Willnir ii.irw. holes have been put in witli the Htenni drill at various points for the purpose of testing the thickness of the ore-body at various points in the workinus. Working Xo. 4. — This, at surface is also an open pit of irregular sliai>e and dimensions, extending some 180 feet alonj,' the outcropping of the ore boily. Here as at No. 3 the ore occur- in the cneissio rock close to its contact with the underlying limestone. Tlu- underground features iit this point could not be studied, descent being prevented by debris ,it the mouth of the pit, and water filling the excavation in depth. At the surface the dip seemed to be alwut .W to 10 degrees to the soutl' .'ust. The workings at this point are said to have extended to a ilei)tli of about 250 fret. Working Xo. U.—la sunk verticully at the base of a small boss of the gneissic rock which is well shown also in the adjacent rock cut through which the track passes. Here also owing to the water, only surface features eiin be noted. It is said howev. r that several bunds of lire were pas.see due either to another ore-body lying higher in the formation or to a higher position of the original one due to faulting. In order to ariivuatmore detailed conclusions, it would undoubtedly be necessary, to take magnetic cross-sections as close as every 20 or 25 feet, but the preliminary lines run, bring out the brobder features. In studying these, the following points must be borne in mind. The cessation of magnetic disturbance in passing south, is by no means to be attributed to the termination of ore in depth, as the southerly dip of the formation and the rise in the surface of the ground, would soon remove the instruments out of the range of influence of the deeper parts of the ore-bodies. The continuation of the lines for a distance on the hanging wall sides serves the purpose of exploring for any pos sible bodies higher up in the formation and simibrly their extension north serves to demonstrate the presence or absence, in the limestone belt, of the footwall side, of other deposits, which being either covered or not coming quite to the rock surface, might yet demonstrate their prosenoe by their influence on the magnetic needle. * An inatance i.f this in recorded in s letter recently received from the owner wherein he atatea that the underground development had gone through 27 feet of aolid ore in the vicinity of a hole which had only [aased thf.>ugh aljout half the thickness MAGXITtTK OIP08IT8. 61 I i G»,u»^ Obi»rpationt.-From the ,Udy ol the general feature, on Wilbur the surface and thoee brought out in the development, made, it would Mem that the magnetite occur, a. a .erie. of detached ore bodie. in the Kn.iH«ic rock, at their contact with the underlying lime.tone. Thi. contact i. fairly .harply defined at place., a. shown in the western working, but, in the vicinity of the eaatern pit., the two wriex of rocks Mem to be Mpacated by an alteration zone of greater or 1«m thickness. In this are to be found chlorite, epidote, etc., evidently the product, of decomposition of the mineral constituent, of the gnei... Judging from the dump, at piu No* 6 and 7 the ore must have been associated with large quantities of chloritic schistose material probably formmg an envelope for the ume, a. it w«« Men to do elMwhere in the district. The drill holes No.. 8, 9 and 10 pa.Med through much of this kmd of material and frequently for many feet the cores were compoMd entirely of epidote. Several ribs of unaltered gnei.. were alM pierced alternating with highly chloritic and UlcoM limestone, before the Mlid limestone was encountered. In the co.t.8 examined from the western drill holes the same feature, were noted only in a le:i« degree. The break between the overlying gnewsic rocks and the limestone below seemed to be .harper, although here also detached rib. of gneissic rock were pa»ed through in the limestone below the main body of gneiss above. All the workings are practically in the gneiss, or in the altered bawl portions of the wme. From the microscopic examination of one section from a specimen of the overlying rock it has been called a biotite- granite-gneiss*, although of courM, microscopic determination of .peci- mens from other parts of the area would probably show variations from thi. type. The limestone band show.s a great many interesting features Irregular wavy ribs and seams of white quartz are a common feature and in places occur in .uch large proportion as to constitute the rock almost a calcareous quartzite rather than a quartzose limestone. This 18 a common feature even at points quite removed from the contact with the gneiss. Inclusions with the appearance of having been originally gneissic matter, but now more or less completely altered into chlorite, etc., are common, and thay all conform in general direction with the banding and strike of the limestone. This rock is white in colour and frequently exhibits all the characteristics of a marble. ' Sw Appendix A, SixH^iuifii No. lit. H r Hi mmm 03 I (ilOLoaiCAL It'RVBY OP OAXADA. Wilbur minx, HUtory and Shipmenlt.—Thi* mina wm ffnt opened auMj yean m;^ Mid worked »t one time for leveral jtun umler l«Me by the Kingitoa »nd Pembroke Mining Ca It is now being developed by iu owner, Mr. Wm. C«ldwell, of Toronto, Ont., the leMee having Upted. He hae imulled • plant with the intention of proving the exten«ion of the ore-bodie* in depth, etc. The chief work is beintc done at pit No, 3, where a «mall compreMor plant for air drilU together with a huiating engine and the necemary blaok^.niith, repair, and other >hop8, have been erected. Conxiderabie work wa8 in progreu with the diamond drill alio, both in thia vicinity and as previously stated, at the enstern end of the property also. It is said that during the previous periotis of working, some K'6,000 tons of ore of a high grmic were shipped. Charaetfriitiet of Ore.— Near the lower piU, Nos. 3 and 4, a large pile of ore wa» stacked, at the time of the flnit visit made. It measured about 1,000 tons. This was carefully looked over with the result that httle or no pyrites was visible. The ore showed a parallel structure, and was seamed throughout with chlorite and calcite, the latter minerals by eye estimate constituting about 10 to 15 per cent of the whole. A small vein of pyrite 6 to 7 inches thick, is said to have occurred alouK the foot wall in one part of the mine, but it was quite distinct from the ore which could therefore be kept free from contam- ination with thi8 deleterious ingredient. RADENIIVIMT AHD CALDWBt.t MIKES. Riidenhiirat sud Caldwt a minr«. Larant Township, Con. III., W 1-2 Lot 22. Von. IV., E 1-2 lot 22. These projierties are situated near Flower stetion on the Kingston and Pembroke railway, and in ca8e of their being re-workeil, would thus be quite convenient to a shipping jwint. In the short time avail- able it was found possible to make but a general examination of the area, during which the following facts were a!>certained. The developments consist of a number of pits and strippings spread over a distance of about 1,500 feet on a general run E.N.E. and W.8. W. which seems to be the average strike of the formation in thi« vicinity. The rocks consist of rusty schists and gneisses of various compositions. As usual, the rustinesis seems to be due to the presence of a large percentage of pyrite, which by its weathering, stains the rock with the residual oxide of iron. No limestone is visible in the immediate vicinity of the workings. MAoiriTm DBTOtm. M I 1 IKor*i«^.Vo. /.-Beginning »t the Muteni en0 feet west from the last is a stripping measuring about twelve by twenty-five paces. The whole width show s a rusty schistose rock with ribs of magnetite. HWking JVb. 'A— At a di.stance of possibly 500 feet west from the last mentioned, and on the Caldwell property, are two little pits within about fifty feet of each other. One of these near the engine house is said to be about ninety feet deep, and near it a diamond drill hole has been put down, apparently with the dip of the rocks, said to be about 200 feut in depth. Both these points show at surface a rusty 54 t Badmhuriit •ad Caldwrli miBM. YuiU mine. (IIOLOlilCAL aOBVIT Or CAKAOA. belt of giMiw or ■ohUt, aboat twenty feat wide, impregnated along •ome bend* with magnetite either a« plentiful grains intermtsed with the other conatituente of the rock, or ae tolid rtbe ooMtituting the best ore. Judging from the general rustineu of the belt running through all these pointa, and from the evidence of the ore piles, pyrites must be plentiful nt place. tVILL MINIC. Darling Townthip, Con. P., Eiut half oj Lot JS. On ihis lot a largu open pit has been kunk in a Ixxly of magnetite. The work wa* done in 1889-90. At the time of our vi«it it was (larily full of wikU-r, the xurface of which was about 30 feet frv)m the. hi^tieat (Miint of the Rurround-.ng rock. The pit in about 00 feet in leii!{t.h, about ^0 feet wide nt it* wider end and about 15 feet at its nii'^rnwrr. On itic north side is a dark compact, ba»ic rock, th<> microsci >|iic dt'tfiniination of the inclusions of the same found in the ore shuwirti; it to be diorite.t On the south and wext the ore body is bounded by limestone. At the narrow eastern en. i the basic and calcareous inclosing rocks. The lime:' .•• ■•(; •■• • .u>]^'^'^ of being much contorted in places and is of n mutv • • ij t' 'rit < ';;An usual. The-ore body seems to have ended up against a rp.ti - snooth aul definite face or wall of the basic rock, whilst where it8 cont.^ot. with the limestone is visible, it seems to present more of a mamillated surface, which has a corroded or crystallized appearance. Orednmpii.— The ore taken out is all piled near the pit, and measures .'iO by 74 by 6 feet, or 22,200 cubic feet, or about 2,700 tons. From an eye examination of the pile, it would seem to be fairly free from pyrite and the sulphur contents should be therefore quite low. Little gash ses.i a of chlorite and calcite seem to be fairly plentiful, constituting perhaps .5 per cent of the whole. The ore comes out in solid lumps, and seems to have a very constant platy or parallel structure, the grain where brok -.k across this structure being fine and steely.* Sw Apiiendix A. * .Si)eciiuen» Ni«. 20 anil 21. t Sin-cimi-n Xo. '.'1 f 1 1 I nioLonicAi. Smvmr »>» CAi»*n* Taut I. Vol. XII. - SKETCH PLAN — — or THK— -OA RLJ N 0__ . TO WNSHI P - I — LANAR K COUNT V — vJ^'' Qumrtu ^ ^?!r!_T^l Ziimt^nthnn ^ttemppintt intorttci k"- ' "^'^^ *K»w Shm»vinff • CAI_C OF rtlT ? T T y y "p -731 MAOMBTITE DEPOSITS. 06 I BLUFF POINT MINK. Bluff Point mine. Bagot Townihip, Con. X., Lot 10 and Von. XL, Lot 10. The workings going by this name are situated on the south side of the Madawaska river, just where it issues from Calabogie lake, quite close to the village a' d post office of Calabogie, which is on the other bank of the river. Near by, runs the main line of the Kingston and Pembroke railway, with which the mine is connected by a spur line about a mile in length. The ore-bodies worked at this place occur in a narrow band of gneissic rock, included in a belt of limestone which latter has a width on the ground of about 2,000 feet. Taking the average dip ot the formation here as 30°, this would give thicknesses of about 1,000 feet for the limestone, and about 150 feet for the included gneissic belt. The limestone is bounded on either side by dark coloured rocks of the gneissic series, that to the south, a dark heavy basic rock having been determined, at a point near the Camp- bell mine, about two miles east of this, to be a plagioclasfrscaptilite amphibolite * ; that on the north having more of a schistose character with cleavage surfaces shining brightly with micaceous scales. The microscopic examination of a specimen from the gneissic hanging-wall rock at shaft No. 1 proved it to be an amphibolite. t The strike of the ore bearing belt, and of the formation in general, is about N.E. and 8.\V. Shaft 1. — The workings here consist of an irregular open-cut in the outcrop of the ore-lwdy at the west end of which a skip road is seen to descend what is evidently an inclined shaft which is now, however, full of water. The skip road at iU mouth has an inclination southerly of about 30 . This shaft is said to be alK)ut 300 feet deep with no drift- ing done from it. The eastern part of this working, consists as stated, of an irregular open cut, the face of which, is at present about 10 to 1.5 feet high. The width to which this has Ijeen opened acrosss the out- crop could not however be ascertttinei>en(li\ .\, N<>. 4. \ Idi-ui Nu. 2. r 66 I OEOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA BlufllPoiiit mine. h i :f chlorite. Below this about four feet of solid ore and thence down to where the rock face is hidden by the waste materinl, aUiut five feet of chloritic material with ribs and nodult>8 of ore throughout it. This section is given only as illustrative of the detail of the ore-body at one spot, for here, ii:- elsewhere in the di-itrict, it is evident that no such features persist for any distance, and in following the depo«it either in length or depth one might run out of poor ground whei? muck rock matter was intermixed with the pure ore, into parts where the SHMval was in large bodies, free from sueh admixture. SJin/t 2. — At this point is a small open cut with an inclined shaft at the bottom. The latter is full of water, so that all .hat can be seen of the ore-body is its outcnjpping in the open cut. Tho cover all round hides most of the features of interest. However, the outcropping shows a rib six ieet thick of pretty solid ore besides orey ground above and lielow the sasae. Neither wall is exposed, so that it is impossible to state just how much thicker the ore body may lie at this place. Judging from the waate dump the ore here seems to have heen inter- mixed with chlorite, and chloritic and talcose schist. The dip of the excavataan as evidenced by the inclination of the skip road above mentioned, is about 40 to the southward and it is said to have attained a depth of about 95 feet. From the bottom of the shaft it is stated that a drift was driven north-east about 70 feet and a large chamber or stope opened out which waa said when abandoned to show ore all around with an ascertained thickness of from 8 to 10 feet, without having reached either wall of the deposit. The waste dump at this point consists mostly of chloritic material, and chloritic and talcose schist, in which magnetite often appears in little interfoliated seams, and from this up to more solid seams, the mineral however in the latter ca.'ie often preserving a foliated structure. .Streaks and veinlets of calcite are also frequent and some pyrite shows. Sha/ts 3 and 3a. —These are on the next lot to the one last described. The work done consist.^ of a couple of inclined shafts close togi-ther. The ore seems to have occurreSE-iO" S W I 1 f r?m;5~"- »»»">« >--r »»***. no^ »^Aa« + J !r C«w««r< M i^OTreorif^iula II C A I- A BOG IE - OUIOE PUAN - Shewin.^ relative position ol BLUFF POINT H. CALABOGIE MINES SCAtfC 4- INCIIKm • I Mitr AkC 4- INCMK1 -i ' J- -] MAnnwmM DiNam. 57 I w*t«r »t about I'J fort in ilapUi ( our flmt viait, pileil up reivijr for itlMpnient. It waa not iiieaaurrti, but from ret'olJHotion there would be about l,0« wnre to lie awn in the outcrop at Hhaft I, ito that unlem it haa be«*ii all weathered away, it in probably abiieiit at that point, which would tliua illustrate the featur(d on from time to time since. In l>ix-ad\ng». — On examination of the carves given on the plan it will be seen that a zone of magnetic di.sturliance can lie traced all along the course of the gnei^^sic lielt which carries the ore-lxxlies. These linen, owing to the limited lime at disposal, are too far apart to admit «>f any more detailed resultn being arrived at, but they certainly give a very good idea of the possibility of finding other ore-bodies Worked in the direction of the road easterly from those. ri I, Biigttl Toiriuhi/). Con. IX., Went, /lal/o/' Lot I'l. A shallow pit has lieen made here through the soil at the edge of a ii,vf„t't.\ Id beaver meadow on the back of a rib of };ood solid looking ore which iips at a very ' v angle wutheriy. This exposure is said to lie aliout in the middle oi ilie lot. A lino of ma>;iietic observations waa run about 200 yards westward rom this point »o im f« cross the strike of the formation to nee if any ;race could lie hiid of the eastward extension of the magnetic zone »«c»ocorY nsowTiof? tbt chart (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) _£ .APPLIED IIVHGE '65-5 E05f Mqpn S'rwf Rot along the outcropping of the ore-body and it is said carried to a depth of ' Sic .\|)|>en(lix A : Nn. ti. \ / f nOBlNT aiLLOSr ,Mg.,LI.D,FRS, HUM Campbell '^^ Calpwell^Worki ng s R aGOT "J OWNSHIP — F^ENFREW (J»JNTV. QnT. ■ BCAUf. 20O FT. " ONE INCH. Bo ■u.vtu»d. h» SDInqaU.ARSM. Oct, J900. Blacksmi^ »/v T HoldmRt^ oft* O J--^ DIPS & STRIKES l,Lt D.fH^.ACTINe DIRECTOR HUM •] MAUNKTITE DEPOSITS. 59 I • V. a di,. of al^ut 40 de«r«e« and Cu.. .uin.. a»H>ut thirty feet. '^^^^'X^^i!^ At about 1=^0 yards exhiLitB an occurrence of "'^'"^^ ..,..,, f^et in height, the «.me northward., in a little '■>"«;''«!'';rc,l onal lighter coloure.l rib« due basic rock is encountered, show.ng ^c- -a g ^^^^ ^.^^^ ^^^ ,^^ to the greater preponderance ot «'• »?« ; ';' J^,^, ,^ ,.„„o„d drill hole hornblende in those portu.n., Jl'l"^^ ,,„ .iJe to a depth of s;;iXt:ri::: -;- - -- -- - ^'--^ „,„,. Tl,.u.»t ""••"'>■"• 7;°i ,„ „, „ta, right fc.t and. Bines as shown on the plan. ' L Je...e ..-At this point an ^^-^^l^t^^^ on the dip of a .nagne.ite b.ly at an a gl o ^.ut ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ti„.e the examination was n.ade -^ j"-- ^,i^,„P,, ,f .bout eight feet, the working so far having opened up feetofn.agnetite. „„,„ working atout 70 ,, ,. .. ..^h. is ;j--3;::^ rSAearw fun feet by 40 feet -.<^ 7'^l"J';;"7por.ion showing above the water of water when visited. ^'^^ "PP^\P . ,,,,„ taken out all round i.ve,ry irregular, pocke^ "^JTjo^n^rock is much more micaceous wherever easily accessible. The mclos g ^^^^^ ^. _^ p^^,^^,_,y and more rotten than at the pits 'J* "; ^^^j ,,,,rs associated biotite, in crystals about the -« °f *''^;;;^, The work is not in wUh the ore-ribs ^^''^^j;;; ^n Jo tl ore-b.ly at this point, but such sh.-.pe as to define ^^«;'."'^J;" ,.,;„„ ^jth the dip of the forma- -WingthewKlth^f tl^pitu^-^^^^^^^^^ -face of about tion. VIZ., b. bJ i^< "■' > "1 35 feet would be shown. • , At the Tomu.y K. pit. a consi.lerable amount Ml OEOLOflirAL SL-RVRT OF CANADA. places thicken out into Nroall nodulei. At the Jeanette pit a pile of over SOO tong of ore was exauiined when the first vUit wan inwle to the mine. It containe|<-ii. ' ^S I WilwHi or Martvl iiilnv. nKOLOOICAL tURVKV or TAKAUA. •ml ono or two jm-ceii iliowed n little di.<minat«d pyrin*. It in Miid to have been very fn-e /rom Kulpliur. whuh report i« probably wi.|| founded, juilging from the infn-iiu.-ncy o( itit wcurrenco in what reiiiaini. liehind. It is said that ab feet from the main pit and at a point alioitt .".JO feet nieaiiured from the Hum)-. CCLIIAXr MIXE. liagol 7',>iriiii/iip,Con. YIl., N. I-,' Lot II. Cnlhan, mini'. This mine is Hitiiated on the south shore of Norway lake. The ore-body riinsi in a direction a little N. of K. and |«irallel to the shore, bein^ dintant from the same about 200 feet. Four open- ings have In-en made upon the ore body, covering a length of almut 900 feet. The mineral Iwli worked consisM of hornlilende, calcite and quartz, with plentiful grains of magnetite, etc., lying on compact hornblende and mica schist rocks which outcrop fre(|uently in a southerly direction. In going north this magnetite l)eariiig calc-schist is seen to be followed by a compact hornblende schi.st,* and this in turn ' 1 band of crysUlline limestone w!:' forms the shore of the lake. I'oinl Xn. 1. — At this point is a small open cut about ten feet wide by thirt)'-five feet long, into the southern face of the little rid^'e which lie.« l>etween the mine workings and the lake. From the bottom of this e>it a small vertical shaft has been sunk to a depth of about fifteen feet, trom the Ijottom of which the ore has been fol!oweo about 30' north, but , . is said * .Sw .Vp|K>nr,>iiy;ir^l, Si«viv i>r ('av«pi\ 4 i Pabt I. \-..,. Mr, NOPTH — CROSS SECTION AT No.l WORKING y f" <*^ ♦ V' -,^ .^r* .^ -CROSS SECTION AT No 2 WOWWINQ ^jj*^ *» t » Sh»5t — OF THE. — SAGOT '''OWKj_?±J I "^ — "t^NFPEW COVJIMTV.- — • • - ONT. -" — " --i^ii^*! J15J3£g/^ y-^-i^j/^/iyjf ■• J" -M AT Nc3 WOR>i N3- 50- T„ -.at , •"■?>. L yi f -'#-?-.»' J NAiiMBTITK DIPOMITH. Ml that Iwlow, the angle of dip wu •' ont 10 iieum.r. The fc»tun«» of <'iilh* the ui«-l)(Kly could only lie examiniHl for » Kh t litUn"!- ilo-.»r frmi '"'""' thf iturfao« on luoiunt of water. Hj \nck'uin t iiqw i end- of the •httft, howe.er, the ore rib prtived to be at leat* »'. ..«t thck, with ■oiiie little intermixed hk-Ij mutter, utiil a lifMi- jiyriten wn* aIho recox- nited. In thi- ore are frwiuent joint planen imnillel to the dip nnd where weathered, it i« <|uit« friable. Our i,uiilt» who who foreman when the mine wan working, atatetl that drifting IiimI lieori done ea*t and we.st from the shaft, iit a depth of forty feet and tliat the wi'st drift had a length of t- y five feet, whilst the length of the rant drift WHS forty feet. ' . » lormer the ore lioily narrowed somewhat whilst in the latter it .. ,a «ize. Ho furthir Htated that the thick- neM of the ore in the lK>ttom of the shaft was thirteen feet. Aft farat could \m seen al>ove the wiitiT line the hanging; wall of the deposit is very distinct, the foot wall being however covered with debris. Alxive the rib of hard rock forming the hanging wall of the shaft or incline, is a thin ore rib of about two feet in thickness whilst altove that ajxain is the calc schist. To the north, as shown in the sketch, some work was done with the diamond drill. One hole l)etng, for »ome oxtratirdinary reason, sunk northward and herefore, away from the ore, can be ignored. The other alxjut at right .iiigles to the dip ot tlieore Iwdy only struck a three foot rib ot ore which may re- present the al)Ove desi riU-d small ore rib overlying the main Iwdy. The liolo stopped in limestone but it does not seem to have be«n car- ' od far enough to pro>e much. . oinf \o. . ;.— This IS the most westerly work done, being alwut -Ud feet west of No. 3. It consists of a small test pit, the sides of which have so fallen in that it is difhcult to see anything. It is stated, h( wever, that it was sunk to a depth of about twelve feet, and that the last three feet was in ore, the Isxly seeming to dip south. Having proved the existence of ore they stopped working. Immediately to the north of the pit compact hornblende-schist is seen to outcrop. Ore I'Uitg. — It is said that no ore was shippe from here, so that the ore piles now on the ground represent all ,iat was extracted and 64 I flEOLOOICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. Ciilliui mine* from them a very good idea can be gained of the kind of material obtained. The pile at the main shaft, would contain about "ISloiTg of what ha.>< apparently been a schistose material with high percentage of magnetite grains, but which Iiuh now mostly crumbled to pieces from the action of the weather. At this spot pyrite appears to have been plentiful, existing as grains interspersed with those of the magne-' tite, as well as, occasionally in little veinlets crossing the structure of the ore. Calcite grains are also fre(|uent. From an eye estimate it would seem that the oalcitc, pyrife, and other impurities, would amount to from twenty to twenty-five per cent of the ore. It was stated that the percentage of sulphur hod lessened, as the deposit was fol'owed downward. A few cubic feet of ore near Point No. 4 show much the same characteristics as that at the main shaft, except that it appears to l>e more compact. WILLIAMS, on IlLACK BAY MINE. WilliaiUK or Black Bay mine. Batjot Ton-whip Con. XL, Lot >2. This mine is situated al)out two miles northwe.st of Calalxigie sta- tion on the Kingston and Pembroke railway. The rocks in the vicinity of the dejiosit consist of crystalline lime- stone, which forms its fwjt wall, overlain by a heavy basic (horn- blendic) member of the series. This latter rock is very compact but on close examination shows a fine parallel or schistose structure. The strike is about north-east and south-west with a diji Judged by the inclination of the workings, of alxiut 40 to the nortli, the limestone show ing all around the .south of the workings and forming the sloping floor of the open-cut. The basic overlyinj; rock forms the surface for some distance ncjrth. The limestone is of the usual type found in the district, varying from white to giu;, ish and coarsely crystalline in structure. The proved length of the deposit in the main developments is alxiut '_' 10 feet, although as shown in the accompanying sketch plan, evidences of ore are shown in the small opening G alnjut 100 feet further in a westerly direction and H and I about 600 feet in an easterly directi '- 1 MAONBTITB DEP0BIT8. 65 I 1 Onencu*.— The main workings lettered A to E, were full of water, wiUiamior to within a short dbtance of the top, but they appeared to dip north- «^k »•? northward at an angle of about 40 degrees. The openout has a face about fifteen feet in height, and beyond that the ore has been followed downward, in several inclines, as shown on the plan. Point A is an incline sunk in the ore to a depth of about 25 feet. B and D are also inclines which are said to be about 80 feet deep, and to be chambered out below and connected with each other. C and E are only shallow inclines, the former about 25 feet and the latter about 10 feet deep. An examination of the part of the deposit above the water-level, seems to show that the workable thickness of the ore wae variable, and probably interrupted by portions of barren rock or lean ore, the magnetite occurring in basic hornblende gneiss. About the openings of the main workings in the middle of the opencut, the thickness of the ore would appear to have been about 10 feet, but towards the ends it seems to have thinned ous and become indefinite, the orey ground being represented by rock containing disseminated magnetite. It is staUd that iu the underground workings the ore-body measured in places about 20 feet across, but admitted that it varied in thickness. Where oie occurs in the limestone it is mostly in ribs paralleling the structure of that rock. Point F.— This is a small prospect shaft sunk vertically in the hang- ing wall rock to a depth of about 22 feet and judging from the material thrown out, did not reach the ore-body. Point G.—A little ore or magnetite-bearing part of the hanging wall rock, has been exposed by a shot or two. CrystaUine limestone, shows in contact with the same, at one corner of the pit. Point H.—An outcropping of ojre about four feet across with the basic gneissic rock above, and the crystalline limestone below. It has a rather scoriaceous appearance, due evidently to the ore being some- what calcareous and having been weathered to a slight depth. Pf^nt /. Is a very similar occurrence to the last. An exposure about fifty feet in length and about four feet thick is shown. The ore appears to be rather lean and lies very flat between the gneissic hang- ing wall and crystalline limestone foot wall rocks as elsewhere. A few shots have bt put in. *Ore Character. £«.— There is no large pile of ore at this place from which to judge tlie characteri stics of the shipping ore. Some of 66 I OKOLOOICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. WUlunisur Black Bay the specimens obtained »how considerable intermixture of grains of calcite, some of which weathers brown, and is doubtless a ferruginous dolomite, Judging from its slow effervescence with acid. "Where the ore occurs in the hornblendic rocks it is much harder and would contain considerable admixed bi-silicates and possibly quartz in places. In the out-crop of the deposit some pyrite was seen but it seemed to be mostly concentrated by itself in seams, etc. Co»t of Mining— It is said that ore mined and shipped from this point to Cleveland, Ohio, cost, laid down there, $4.25 per ton. Magnefic Readinys. — Dip needle readings were taken along four lines at right angles to the strike of the ore-body with only negative resulU. The particulars were as follow :— Lino No. 1—260 feet east of point E. to a point aliout 300 feet south of the line of strike of the ore-body to iin equal distance north of the same. Line No. 2.— From a point l.")0 feet south of point E to a point about 200 feet north of the same. Line No. 4.— Commencing at opening G and extending northwards for about 3.50 feet. In the first imd last readings were taken every twenty paces and in the second every ten. In none was any particular attraction noticeable in the distance traversed. Line No. 3. Com- menced 200 feet south of point A and was extended northwards past the same a distance of about 350 feet. No attraction was found until A was reached. At that place a fairly heavy downpul was noted which gradually decreased until at about 150 feet past this point the needle had returned to normal. CHAPFEV AND MATTHEWS! MINES. S. Crosby Toirnsliip, Con. 17., Lot JT : X. Crosby, Con. VI., Lot 1. Chaff.y and These two mines are situated near each other, and within a mile and mines.'"" * '"*'* ""^^ "* **'« tillage of Newboro' on the Kideau canal, between Upper Kideau lake and Mud lake. The Chaffey mine is situated on a small island but a short distance from the north shore of Mud lake and the Matthews mine about half a mile northward of that point, on the main shore. Ii will be thus .seen that they are e.xceptionally well situated as regards shipping facilities. Not only does the canal give water communication with the United States and points in Canada, but the Sault Ste. Marie, Westport and Brockville railway j.assinj; close by, gives connection with the main trunk lines of the country. 'i GSOLOOKAL SURVCV OF CANADA I I Pabt I. Vou XII. CHAFFEY «k MATTlIEiWsT MiyjBS — Crosby township. Leeds county, omt ^■'■^aafwi/ «m SM/HM^/y <*x-i/' — j^^ .jg^ 7.3ti MAONETITB DBP08IT8^ 6T I The geological oonditiont under which these deposits occur are so chaffey and Himilar, that they are best considered together. They seem to represent JJj'|*!]|*'"' a number of large but irreguliir aggregations of magnetite in a coarse grained basic rock probably gabbro. The irregularity of their shape and their relative position with regard to each other, is apparent on examining the accompanying plan. The parallelism of the longer diamett^rs of pits with each other will be noticeable. This direction is aUo conformable to the general strike of the formation in this district. \t the Chaffey mine are three large irregular shaped pits, their luHf^er diameters roughly parallel to each other and very close to the east shore of the island. They are separated from each other by walls of b:irren rock, and have apparently been worked on isolated ore bodies. In length the three main pits would average about 150 feet and in width about 50 feet at the surface. They were at the timecF our visit full of water to the level of the lake, although the walls stand up some 1 .5 to 20 feet above that level. These three pits are said to have an average depth of al)out 50 feet. Between the two most northerly pits is a small pit said to l>e but 15 feet deep, and measuring about 40 by 20 feet. These constitute the whole of the workings with the excep. tion of one or two little prospect pits in other parts of the island, which do not seem to have proved any other ore-bodies. As the island itself measures only about 400 by 600 feet, there would not be room for very extensive workings. Magnetic Headings. — A couple of preliminary linos of readings were taken with the dip-neodle, one about north and south, passing the wi n ends of the pits, and the other in a westerly direction from the west end of pit A. Strong attraction was shown all along the first mentioned, especiall}' between the northern shore of the island and the end of pit D (70 to 85 degrees dip) a slight lessening is recorded from this point to end of pit A (50 to 60 degrees dip) and still greater lessening south from this point, to the southern shore of the island (30 to 53 degrees dip). Along the second line the attraction is much lighter, the reading varying between 20 and 30 degrees, with the exception of one re.iding of 50 degrees near the pii. The workings at the ^Matthews mine consist of one large pit with an extreme length of about 300 feet, and width of about 100 feet. According to Mr. Vennor it had attained a depth of 40 feet in 1871. It is full of water almost to the top, and but little can be seen. A gneissic structure is notice- able in the rock at places around the edge of this pit, the strike shown being about E. N. E. and the dip steeply to the north. 5i Ch»ll»y and Mktthewi minei. 0g , flBOLOOICAL •CKVEir OP CASADA. Magntlic Ktadingt.-Tmo Une. of dip needle reading! were Ukeii, one -o«« th. longer diameter of the pit. for a di.tance of •bo"* J^O feet northerly, and about 1.200 feet wutherly, •»«»/"• '^°»» 7** direction for a di.tance of about 350 feet easterly and about 650 fert wetterly. Comparatively strong average attraction in .hown along all the«, lines. The reading, on the line to the eastward vary between 66 and 75 degrees with a slight le«*ning at place, to from ^0 to 65 degree. Pa.»ing westward from the end of the pit for about 100 feet, the needle reads from 70 to 80 degrees, then for about 400 feet the vana- tion i. between 35 and 45 degrees, lessening to 30 at the extreme western end of the series of observations. The attraction aong the Une passing south from the pit varies from 30 to 60 degrees, w.th a few occasional les«,ning. at places to 30 degrees. Pass.ng northward from the pit for the first 160 feet the readings vary from 60 to 75 degrees, f o • the next 200 feet they average from 35 to 45 degrees ; for 260 feet mo«- the attraction increa«» and the readings range between 46 and 55 degrees, lessening again to 30 to 40 degree, at the northern end of the line. To really throw light upon the question of the d.rec tion and extent of the extension of the ore-bodies at both of thew mines, a much more complete magnetic survey would be required, but as far as they go. the observations would seem to be such as would result from the variation in the quantity of magnetite at different points in a mass of basic rock. As far as the examination could be carried in the limited time at disposal, there seems to be no reason to conclude that the Chaffey and Matthews pits are on the same bed, which seems to have been the idea entertained by the eariy operators. On the contrary they seem to represent detached, irregular bodies of magnetite, or local counentra- tions of that mineral constituent, of a basic igneous rock. Hutory.-ln the Geology of Canada. 1863, the Chaffey mine is mentioned as working in 1858 and 1859. during which period about 6000 tons of ore were mined and shipped to Pittaburg. by way of the Rideau canal and Kingston. Writing later. Mr. Vennor, in the Geological Reports states that in 187 1 , some twelve men were employed, and 3,500 tons of ore mined and sold. The ore was shipped to Cleveland. Ohio via Kingston. At the mine the ore was said to be worth $2.25 per ton, and delivered at Cleveland it brought «6.00 to $6.50 per ton. and the cost of carriage to Kingston was 76 cents per ton. In the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1871-2. Mr. Vennor gives the following particulars regarding the Matthews mine. BiCMATITI DBPMITI. 69 I It had been mont or lew worked linoe 186C. Daring 1871, flftaen chkHvy and man were iteadily employed, ana upwardi of 4,000 tons of ore r«»ed, ^Y^']''*' .3,300 tons of which were sold and shipped to Clevpland, Ohio via Kingston. The same prices were realized as for the Chaffoy ore. The toul amount of ore sold and shipped to Cleveland from tli.vse two mines for the years 1 870 and 1 87 1 combined, amounted to 1 4,620 tons. HiEMATITE. Apart from the study of the above described magnetite deposits, Hn-iiintiu- : visits were made to a number of points where it was reported that there ;^j",^|.'„e,. were occurrences of hiematite bodies or indications of the same. At one point only had any considerable development been done, viz., at tho Playfair or Dalhousie mine, in the township of Dalhousie, Lanark county. At all the other points the reported oocurrences were baned upon the existence of certain alleged surface indications which had led in some instances to the opening of a few shallow test pits. In some instances the presence of iron ore was suspected on account of the ochreous stained soil and the ploughing up of pieces of iron stained rock. Some of these were found to be merely pieces of sandstone charged with iron oxide to a greater or less extent, the colours varying from yellow ochre to dark red. Along with these, occasional heavier pieces were found containing the iron oxide in larger percentage and more consolidated condition. Some even might be classed as good ore shewing a blue black compact fracture and all the appearance of hicmatite. Hii-matilic ore was also seen occurring in the basal beds of the Palivozoic series with outliers of which all these indications seem to l;e associatetl. It was seen also ac a few places filling " gash " fissures in the underlying crystalline limestone of the Archa>an at these points. From the series of observations made, the impression was left that thf ore at these places represented merely casual aggregations of iron peroxide probably resulting from the decomposition of the ferruginous dolomitic portions of the above mentioned sedimentary series They would represent all conditions, from mere ochreous staining of the siliceous parts of the rock through more highly ferriferous sandstones, to masses of loose ochreous material and hsematite proper according to the extent to which consolidation had proceeded. In places the ochreous decomposition product had leacheil downward into water- worn cavities and channels in the crystalline limestone wherever this 70 I OMUMIICAI. ■UaVIT or CAKASA. Hainatili' Mtjdr of uceiirrMMrt biippMu to be the rock un whioh the overlying MdimenUrj bed« reit Wherever theee caritieH have been large and the overlying rooki highly ferriferona one con undenUn'l the poieibilitv of the formation of juit auoh a body of ore a« that workfd at the Dalhouiie mine. The preMnce of iron in them ba«al be<]<. i both in the arenaoeouM and dolomitic portion! woa pointed out in the Ooology of Canada (I8fi3) where these rock* were dencrilKsJ. They conwit of a serirs of HndHtonw, etc., of varioue colors lying on the denuded .urfocj of the Archiian rocki and forming the loweit bedH of the CambroJJilurian formation. Towards the boee they are apt to contain pebble*, xometimei Mattered through- out the rock and aometimee in beds. At vhe very banc, in gen- erally a conglomerate made up of similar pebbles. These consist of material, chieHy quartzite, probably derived from the Archa'an rocki on which they lie. The edge of the main area of theM» rocks lies to the south of the dUtrict under description, but numerous outliorx are found northward from thjo. It is poesible that some of the more northerly of the ferru- ginous occurrences noted should be .redited to the Caloiferous, with lU largely developed dolomitic constituents. In this connection it is to bo noted that, fossils referred by Dr. Ami, of the Survey, to the Calciferous were obtained from near Flower sUtion on the Kingston and Pembroke railway in Levant township. The details regarding the various pointo are given below : Plavfftir iir mine. PLATFAIR OR DALHOUSIR MINK. Lanark County, Dat/umsie Toirnnhip, Con. 4, Lot 1. The only developments of any extent on hi. inatite ore in this district were those made at the Playfair mine about thirty years ago, several thousand tons of ore were taken from this point and sent to the United SUtes. From the descriptions available the hiematite shipped seems to have been of good quality. Here the conditions are apparently somewhat different from those at any of the points subsequently descril)ed. A Ixxly of hH-matite was found inclosed in the crystalline limestone of the Archiin which is seen to outcrop frequently for some little distance around the work- ings. There are none of the sedimentary rocks visible in the immetliate 1 note: Tht fiour^ in /At J LJ pj-^"^]ji^-^ ~j'^ ^* various jaoinfi g!>f«n. ii' pi^AYFAiR m dalhousie; LANARK COUNTV — Ont. — Jfyoin P/an nf fJeraicf C. Brot^n. J^t^, 19*JuIy287S. — 1 r- --^■ % -^^:_.i - -T-' - t ' £V-^. OENERAU PLAN Mi'fst^atp/nt (nrolooicil •••lot •(11,0 t II i tmMy^.--^ f I t=^ — ' — PLAh g-| fttamT^DJNAl koloflial ^uipm of (tmaia I'lin ^^' P1«AYFAIB J« lOAlUHaUSIB L ANARK COU NTV - OlMT. — jto,»^-^-i--.^jr iTT-Z/.J^ Hl'Z>£'j4i'r^i — GENERAL PLAN — .,^-'^-^'^:%L"'. I II.KMATITE DEPOSITS. 71 I vicinity of the old workings, although those aub8eody of luematite which showed a tendency to thin out Ijoth in length and .lepth. Th.> whole length of tlie excavation made was about 5U() feet and for about half the distance III rt-iirtKliifiii,; this illiistriituni in tli.- rt'iKiit uf tlir (Inturm Min.rnl (•« the leujittli of the Mill ilfv.l.i|»il apiBar iimcli lniii;i r tliaii it nally is. 72 I GEOLOOICAL 8UBVBY OF CANADA. Fbvfairiii IMnoaiii)' at the eastern end the main body was parallelled by a smaller one, the two being separated by a wall of limestone about 5 to 10 feet in thick- ness. The greatest thicknesn of the smaller lense was about seven feet and it seems to have thinned out to nothing both in length and depth. The plans show that in working the main ore-body a similar narrowing was observable in depth and also in passing west, in which direction i* would seem to have thinned out to practically nothing. The evidence of the existence of a fault shown between pits Nos. 5 and 6 was not very plain on the ground. Going eastwards a curious feature is noted, viz., that the ore-body did not reach the surface after passing the point " X " on the plan, so that for some fifty feet before arriving at the last shaft (X<). 4) the crystalline limestone occupied '!ie surface unbroken by any outcropping of ore. This was corroborated by a careful examination of the ground for several hundred feet t-- the east of point " X." No signs of ore were found and, the rock exposures being prominent and frequent, the limestone could be traced practically continuously right across the line where the ore outcrop should show and for some distance on eitlier side of it. The operators had evidently also tried to find the outcrop in this direction having driven a long cro.xs trench about 100 feet east of No. 4 shaft in which, however, they had got no trace of ore. Mr. Vennor, in one of his reports, mentions the fact that the ore contains no rock and does not pass into but separates easily from the walU, which are smooth and well defined. The strike of the ore-body, about E.N.E., and the dip about GO to 70 (itgrees southerly conform to the general strike and dip of the rock fonuiUion in this vicinity. In the light of the observations made at this point and of numerous other occurrences of h!. Lanark Comity. Indications of the occurrences of hn^matite were reported from this place on loti 22 and 23 in concession X. and 21 in concession XI. rhey were found to consist of a rusty outcropping on the north bunk of Bolton brook near where the road crosses it, some lumps of material varying between ochreous sandstone and solid hicmatite ploughed up in a field on Gallagher's farm and similar material obtained in digging a well on Hain's farm near the house. The occurrences present similar features to those in Portland, etc., hereafter described, the sedimentary rocks being in this case represented in a little quarry of white sand- stone near Hain's house. A few pieces of rock which had been extracted from a little pit near the same place showed some solid dark hiematite in crystalline limestone and it was said that a narrow vein of the ore a few inches thick had been exposed in the workings. It probably represented as elsewhere a small " gash " vein in the Archtean rocks filled in with hicmatitic material from the palicozoic rocks formerly overlying the spot. About two miles north of Fallbrook, at Playfairs Mills similar con- ditions are found. A short distance to the south of the saw-mill are several shallow test pits in which is to be seen much ochery matter varying from a luematitiu or compact ochreous material through inter- mediate grades of similar materials with sandstoney grains and others in which glassy quartz grains shew, t.n grev p' -me with nrbrpous ^1 il.r.MATITE DEPOSITS. 75 I stained areas and unaltered cores some of which are dolomitic as shown Biitlmr»t by their more cryslalline fracture and slow effervescence with acid. To»ii»hi|>. The rocks of ilie iinmediat/j vicinity consist of the sandstone lying upon Arciii.-an crystalline li nestone. At points visited in the tfouth-west part of this township conditions were observed very similar to those last described. The ferruginous matter seen, however, was more I'l the ochrey condition impregnating •he rocks, but little of it having been consolidated into the form of hstMiiatite. On lot 2, concession IV., were twosmall and shallow pits which had evidently lieen sunk on ochreous matter which had collected and becon>e partly consolidated in joints, etc., in the rocks. In one case the appearance presented was that of a vugg in the crystalline limi'stone filled in as abo\'e suggested. On the eastern half of lot 3, concession IV., some shallow workings were seen wlipn> ochreous stain in the rocks was visible. One pit about ten feet deep had been sunk in what appeared to he ;i red, ochreous, sandstone. Several other shallow workings had been made in the same material within a rudius of about 150 feet. '^11 around rise bosses of crystalline limestone, while to the south white sandstone is to be seen lying in a hollow of the limestone. The whole is evidently an outlier of the pala'ozoic formation carrying in places much dolomite as evidenced by the slow effervescence with acid. This btnng ferru. !,'inons seems to be the source from which is derived the paeudo-luera.-i- tite material which Is found filling the jointing of the rooks at the points worked and mostly staining the pieces throughout. Specimens were observed apparently consisting almost altogether of ferruginous dolomite, presenting an ochreous envelope, evidently due to decompo- sition, and enclosing a core of the unaltered grey rock. An interesting feature observed in the vicinity of these areas of ferruginous sedimentary rocks consisted in a tongue or small vein of somewhat similar material filling a small irregular crack orgaali vein in the subjacent crystalline limestone. It varied from a mere iron-stained crack up to a width of a few inches. The filling was at places some- what friable iron-stained material, at others it resembled white sand- stone. It left the impression of having been a previously existing crack which had been filled in with some of the sedimentary material. 76 I GF.OLOOICAL 8DRVB« Or CANADA. UEDFORD TOWNSHIP. Frontenae CoutUy. B«^fe.r HXMATITK DBPOilTS. 77 I . . »•»_. « thil rock carrying iron HtiirrinKtoi The «nal .tn«e of thi. Pr^/'^Tot t theTtheana^tore grain, collected which con.i.t o really good o- In the- 1 ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ,bow only iuspoU and th.maH«co„«.Ua^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^.^^^ i„g a hlue black fracture, compact and ear hy P =' ^^.^^^^ wi'h .light .parkling of ^^^J^^J^ Jj^C^ce has p-rmitted, botryoidaUtructure ^developed m pla««.^^J^ the mineral has cryHtalized out mto the Ittlevug^, F^ taU with bright -tallic lu.tre (.pecuM^^^^^^ ,,,, has been filled in by a wh.te ""'"«'')^2^:r T^. quality of material a somewhat radial ^''^^^'^^^finaUt: e /tt e:n«.li.lation of the ::ryr:t.rxrinrci-titiai.^^^ portions of the rock. ♦!,„„,.,», ^The soakage e^- or inaitration oj t, f^^^^^^^^^^^ the sandstone is well .hown in ^-^^ ^^'J*;„ '°„„,^riines, leaving „>ottled the pn.ce.« having stopped "h?''* '^^^^ ^tly due in many whit, unafiected portions. Tins ^-^f^^^^^l^ZeJ^^^, the sand- cases to the impervious -"'^•«;- "^^^^^^^ patches of quartzite. stone having become consolidated locally to I v The development work done at th^^^^^^^^ into the north-west ^-"^^"^'^f „^'the so^ eastern edge of the the ridge and a diamond drill ^"l?^" '" ^^j down about 30 feet from the top of the ridge , aooui v Matures already r tr^d thrw^ollt::;!^ o^^^^^^^^^^ ^he underlying ;:;r :;ti:i:^ a^e height, ^ut so f^t ^e t. rL, or half way up from that to the top -« »^- ^^^^^^^ j^ ^^^, .haft is about 30 feet »'-\^7;J:,;^«?i:*;l;^^^^^^^^ showing 20 feet deep. At .ts mouth .s - »-**'" Pj";^ encountered in sinking, that rock similar to that in the open cut was encou 78 I aiOLOOICAL ItRVKV OF CAHADA. of the •and.tone .nd ory.t.lline lime.tone would \m .t leut 40 feet U^p..rth«n on th. north.we.t .iUe of the ridge .howing it to dip •teepl> towards the Do« lake tide. b •« uip PortUii.l townnliip. PORTLAND ToWNhiIIP. Fronteiiac County. I x'Tx !"" "'^"' "" " """'*'• "^ P'»«« '" ^h" vicinity of Fourteen .Un. UUe. Silver „„., !..„, ,.ke. north of Hartington. iTZ .h. w,ng the u«u«l features, ^ i... sandstone of red. and n,otti.^ red and weather „g re.i thu, ev.deno.ng their ferruginous nature. At .ome of nair f TT r '"'^"™"* ''^^"*"""' """""-« "- ^''P^^^l with patche, of the banal conglon.erate lying on it. often a thin ,1^1 only of the same having l*en left l.y denudation. At place, there wa, found the u.ual a««„,.iation of ochreou, and h-e^at. .0 matter in all stages from the loo^ ..hreous ,. the Xl h»..uat.t.c fom.. On the northern end of lot 5, c.n. X., s„.e s^a gash ve.„,, of h..,„atuic .natter were ..n in the crystalline limestone, limited ,n one case by a botryoidal surface. On lot 7, con. X.. a pi, had been sunk to a de^.h of al«ut tifteen f.et at the contact of the Potsdam and crystalhne limestone. The excavation is in a mas.s of shattered .san. .tone and conglomerate highly impregnate.1 with ochreous ox.de of iron, with cK^cas.onal pieees of more solid Im-mutite. The face of the hmestone i« co^ered with crystals of nailhead spar and appears to go down vertically. It may possibly represent a fault plane w^ich would account or the sudden ending of the sandstone up against th H tir riirT '"■•' '' ^'^ "'"•'^^""•'- T'- "P-"'« i^ «t ' - base of a alse iS '■'^""'^r''*'- "hieh show., included ,uartz pebbles and false tedding. Apart from this small pit no other work hai been done ^^this vicnty which would enable these relationships to te worked malr'"T, '^'''^'"''''"' °^ -■"?*«» '"••™«tite with brown jaspery matter an.llarge crystals of schorl was seen on lot 4. con. IX., cmpl^ out through the soil. The exposure was not extersive and tZo er prevented its relationship to the rocks of the viciai., fi.m being s^n Thereseemstobesomeevidence. however, that .0 was an aggregation of ZbLt "L*''\"^'^»-« '-~e, the hiematite portfons'hX! pro^b y been derived from the s«,ime„tary rocks ^eviou.ly over H«MATiTK DKPOain. 79 I IIOUTH CROHHV TOWNSHIP. Lttdi C'tHnty. While pausing throaffh the c*iial looks at Jono's F»ll« some hn-ma- s. fumiiy titic specinieiiH were collected from a point « short distance alon^ the '""""'''I'' rtiad passing eaatwnrdit from the hotel. As far mt could be judged from the short time available there thin appeared to be another occurrence similar to those alnvidy described. B.\STARD TOWNSIIII*. Ltedi County. On lot 23, concession X., a Hmtill amount of development work ha* i!ii,tHnl been done on occurrences of hieinatitic material. These show at a ' ^'"'''i'' number of points. Thi- features .•xhil)ite'i'ii' Commission in 18Mb-89 to several other places in the district, where in the opinion of the witnesses there occur indications of hiematite (It-posits. Much of this evidence is vajjue and sometimes contradictory but on the whole it may be taken us showing the existence at other points of occurrences similar to those personally visited. The localities mentioned are as follows : Darling Township.— Menlion is made by several of the witnesses examined by the Ontario Mineral Commission of indications of the existence of hiematitic matter in the vicinity of White lake. On page 29 we find these occurrences described as follows : " Where exposed the ore appears as jjash veins or irregular masses of hiematite varying from 6 inches to 12 feet wide, and occurring in a breccia of calc-spar with the same as a lime matrix and the general run of the ore is with 80 I IIBOLOOIOAL iVIlVBT Of CAIIADA. |i>'itlitii'«. the formation. In pl«cw the h«-i«»tile U th« ni«tri« lA the <»Icij«r nuwMM. Opening* h«ve been made in Mvenkl placee b«t very little work baa been done on the property." Dr. Ell« viiited thU point in 1896 and iay* that the ore occurm "in thecry«Ulline limeetone formation in oonneotion with which no eruptive rocki wnre viilble." Rathunt Townthip.—Vr. J. Morrii' evidence. Indicatione of hawa- tite on both lidea of Itennett lake at low water. Xorth ElmpUy and Xorlh hurgn* To,rn»/,ip$. -It U reported that indicationit of bwrnatite are found at a numlwr of points in thii area. A» the edge of the main area of Palwozoic rocks ii near by, tbeie are probat.ly bIk) connected with outliem of these rocks on the Archa-an. Some little work said to have »»en done at Adams lake on ha-matite indications. Leedt County— \i. C. Sherret, in hit evidence makes mention of an occurrence at Charleston lake, a specimen from which is said to have yielded on analysis 70 per cent of iron. Addirujton County.— In the before mentioned report of the Ontario Mineral Commitsion an occurrence is described as follows : " Hwma- tite ..i.xed with a dark coloured shale occurs near the village of Tarn- worth, at the terminus of the Napanee and Tamworlh railway, in the to>»n»hip of Sheffield, county of Addington. Several pits have been sunk at poinu from 20 to 100 feet apart, from some of which red ore has been taken out . but in every case the pits ran into crystolline limestone which underlies the occurrences of ore, and crops out about 200 feet off. The quality of the ore varies from very lean to nch bi-matite, but there are no signs of the existence of it in large quantities." According to the evidence of Mr. Leonard Wager (tride same report) the above mentioned pits were about ten feet deep when they encoun- tered the crystalline limestone. The ore passed through showed a thick- ness of about three feet and rested on the limestone. About twenty- five tons of ore were extracted. API'RWrilX. HI I i -1 APPKNDIX A. Mii'Hoacopic KXAWiNATion or hicitioxh ov i, irKs a»^ii< iviko \hiii nir. Mi,n»ro|Mo IRON OHK DKPOmTg OK TIIK KISiitTON A\[- I'KMIIHOKK IHII.M W t^^iimiiutinni. DIHTflKT IIY A. K. IIARI.OVV, M.A., 11. SI., I'KTIIiiiillArllKK TO TUB i.I!(lLOK I'ANADA. A'o. I. — Wiltiamt or lihick Bay Minn. — Lvl .'.', Cim>'t»»ion X/., Town- ihip of Hiijfol, flfnjWir I'oHiily. The hand ipecinipn »hi)w« a heavy bliick, evidently highly ferriferous rock, traveraeil l)y bandH of much li^htor culouriHl imiteriul, most of which Im calcite. The magni-tite which ia by fur the most ahundnnt mineral repre- Mntod in the slide, occurs in irr<'i,'uliki individuals and an-as, includin);, M well an separated hy, smalU-r individuals and areiis .if feUp.ir and calcite together with a much smaller pi.p|.)rtiiin of liornlilendc and chlorite. Pyrite, in conHidcrablo amount u xcry intimately iisxociulfd with the masrneti'e. The larger and more continuous itri>asnr)> com|ie it seems to 1h' coiiiixiseil essen- tia ly of felspar and horn il.-nde. Felspar is the more aUunrliiit and al hough a considerable p, rtin made by means of Thoulet' solution and show the ftlspjir to he almost alt igether labnidorite. (Jo< 1 foliation, produced cliictly liy the parallel alignment of the hypidiomotohi.' individuals of liornblcmle. Sphcno is abundant in irregular, us. lally more or less rounded individuals. 82 UBOLCXIICAL 8UKVCV OP CANADA. Micruwopic Apatite in stout imperfect and rounded crystals is likewise abundant, of KKkii. rjrrito and magnetite are spariiiifly represented, ('alcite is jire -^nt apparently as a product of decomposition of the felspar. No. S. — Bill ff Point Mine, Calaloyif. — Lot PI, Coneeision Jl '., 7 'i-n- ship of Jiaijol, Re.njreii- Count}/. The hand specimen shows a black glistening metallic rock which is evidently in great part composed of magnetite. Pyrite is also abun- dant and on planes of shearing greenish decomposition products have been developed. The thin section as might be expected is com- posed largely of magnetite, together with a much smaller proportion of pyrite. Cracks and interspaces are frequent, which are filled up with calcite, chlorite, sericite and occasionally a little augit«. No. 4. — Vamphefl Mine — Lot Pi, Cimceitsion VIII., ToimMp of Bayot, Renfreir County. The hand specimen shows a rusty-weathering, dark greenish- grey, almost black, basic schistose rock with oci'a.si(inally narrow bands of pyrrhiitite. Under the miu-roscope it is seen to Iks wmposed mainly of felspar and hornblende. One .side of the slide shows the felspar wholly replaced by scapolite wiiich seems to be iin alteration product of the plagiocla.se. The cleava>;e cracks and tissures of the soiipolite are filled with yellowish-green serpentine or chloritic products derived, mainly at least, from the decomposition of the hornblende. Most of the scapolite, on account of the abundance of those decompo- sition products |)olarizes in dull bluish and paltvyellowish tints, hut in places where it is fresher it shows an api>roach to the usual brilliant chromatic {lolarization. The foliation is marked chiefly by the p^irallel alignment of the hypidiomorphic hornblende although the other minerals show a marked tendency towards siiiiilar parallelism. Most of the felspar is unstriatcd but from its assot-iatinn it must l)elong to the biisic end of the plagioclase series. Apatite and sphene are l)oth rather abundant. Magnetite is abundant, and pyrite in much smaller quantity. The rock may be called a plagioclase-s(-apolite-amphibolite. No. .5. — Chrisli'm Lake Mine.— Lot IS, Concemiion III., South Sfier- brooke Toii-nship, Lanark Count;/. The hand specimen shows an interfoliation f)f a dark-gray almost black, glistening basic schist with a pale-yellowish gray, massive and APPEXmx. 83 I moio CMirsely cryHtallin.. rock. The thin section is of the darker Micn,«ooi>ie coloured portion iincJ shows this to Iw ii very fr.sh and typical .tj'^k"*"""' plugioclase-scupolite diorite. Most of tj.o f..-lgpar shows the poly. " synthetic twinning lamelli.-, .ilthouKh a cou.siderable proportion of the grains are untwiiined. It is probably a Imsic plagioclase. It occurs side by side and embe 6 > a- Deep brown pleochroio biotite occurs for the most part embedded in or intimately a.ss,K:iated with th.- hornblende. Occa-sioiially it occurs as a parallel intergrowth. A .leep clov.-brown pleochroic sphene, in irregular and large indivi.luals, is also very abundant and fr.'quently occurs completely inclosing an opa.,ue iron ore, probably ilmenit*. Apatite IS also abundant in irr.gular or rounded pri.sniatio forms I'ynte w.is noticed in wcasional individuals completely inclosed in the hornblendf. No. n.-Vor. Mine.~Ensl half L,U lH, Conresshm IX., Township of Bayot, Renfrew Cininty. Amphilwlite.— The hand specimen represents the familiar dark- coloured basic, highly s.histose bands familiar to Arcluean geolo- gists, which so frciuei.tly alteniat.' with the light-gray and reddish bands and Uken together are , so typical of the gneissic recks usually clas,sitie,i as Laurentian. All the minerals show a very marked paralh-l arranirement while th.- schisto.ity or cleavage is accentuated by bands prevailingly rich in biotite. Some of the felspar is striated but a large proportion of it is uiistriaUni while many of the individuals show the sharp extinction usually considered as characteristic of quartz The thin section shows the rock to be composed chietly of felspar, horn- blonde and biotite. Separation, have Xmen made by means of Thoulet's heavy solution of .several specimens of precisely analogous composition irom the country to the west of this area which show clearly that orthoclase and ,,uartz are entirely absent an.l that the prevailing light-coloured constituent is a normal labradorite. The hornblende 84 I CKOLCMilCAL aURVKY OK CANADA MicnwoopK- ig more ahunilant tluin the biotite. Apntite I8 rather plentiful Examinatiimii i,-i i.- .11.1 1, ■ i.i of roikH. and a little cilcite is noticed which lias evidently not been derived from tho dLCOinpo"ition of any of the other constituents. Occasional nreas of a yeilowi-entineuus prtxluct occur evidently derive*! mainly from the decorapositioD of the hornblende. Xo. 7. — Ciilhane Mine.-Xorth haJlf Lot. ,.'/, Vonceuion VII., Town- nhip nj Bngol, Henjreir County. The hand specimen shows a very dark greenish-gray distinctly foliated thou<;h somewhat massive haste rock with occasional small patches of light coloured and deciiledly more acidic material. Under the iiiicroseope the rock is seen to be a rather typical diorite. Hornblende, which is the most abundant constituent is the compact variftj- in irregular individuals the interspaces between which are oc- cupied by the allotriomorphic plagioclase. Some of the felspar is stri- at^-il but a large pr.iportion at least of the unstriated grains are also pro- lialily jilii;;i», /., Township, oj South Sherhvookf, Lanark Vinitity. Is a dark-gray basic rock, much finer-grained than the specimen from which No. « was t!iken, and shows a decid.d foliation, consisting for the most part in the alt.Tnation of lighter and darker bands. It is, however, very .similar in composition. The chief constituents are plagioclase, scapolite, pyroxene and hornblende. The derivation of the scapolite from the plagioclase is undoul>ted. The scapolite con- stitutes more than half the lighter portion of the slide. Much of the scapolito ami plagiccl.ise contain numerous very fine rod like inclusions which intersect each other at variom angles. The uralitization of the pale-green pyroxene is much more eoniplote, and most of the individuals are wholly converU-d into a dark-green compact, strongly trichroic hornblende ; many fragments, however, still show remnants of the unaltered pyroxene, so that the souree of the hornblende is undoubted. A little biotite is present, as also apatite, pyrite and sphene. Some of the sphcnes contain black opaque core.s, probably ilmenite. Calcite is abundant. Ko. lO.—Fourm,;- Mine. — h,t 1.',. Concessum I., Township of South Sherbrooke, Lanark County. No. 10 is taken from the same hand specimen, closer to the ore body. Indeed it forms the rf.ck immediately in contact with the iron ore. The band from which it was cut is of a dark-green colour, brightly glistening on planes of cleavage, and .showing, microscopicallv, only a very small proportion of the felspathic constituents. Under 86 t (IKOLOOICAL SURVET OF CASAPA. Micrn*aof>ic KxMninatioM i>f rucki. the tnicroacope l>y fur tlie most almndant constituent is a deep green, strongly trichroic hornblende. Its derivation from the pyroxene is likewise undoulited, iis one sid»' of the thin section shows cores and areas of the unaltered mineral still surviving. Plagioclane is present and much of it is unstriiited. Scapolite is only sparingly represented if at all. Biotite is much more abundant, in larger individuals than in No. 9 and so also is sphenc. Nearly all of the opaque mineral present is pyrite, but some is ilinenite. Epidote is also present. Nos. 11, 12, 1.1 aiul l.',.—<;leniloirer Mine.— /.of >!, Co,ir^»non HI., Tuwnghip of Bedford, Fronlenac County. The least altered representative hand specimen from the Glen- dower i.iine shows a rather coarse-grainecl, massive, dark col- oured basic rock : a pale yellow mineral is very conspicuous, which on examination proves to l)e scapolite. Under the microscope the rock, (No. 13) is seen to be what may Iw called a ' plagioclase scapo- lite jjabbro ; ' a few individuals of the original plagioclas.-, occurring, for the most part in untwinued grains, still remain, but by far the larger proportion has Ix-en altered into what, in thin section, is colour- less scapolite but which in the hand specimen is the yellowish mineral mentioned abo\e in the macroscopic description. As mentioned by Adams and Lawson*, the polarization colours are usually very brilliant but sometimes pa.S8 through oranjfo and yellow to the dull bluish-gray tints usually characteristic of the felspar .so that it is impossible in every instance to distinguish between these two minerals. Occa.sion- ally, as noticed by Adams and fjiwson, in their examination of the scapolite-diorite from near Arnprior, Ont., traces of polysynthetic lamellie were observed in which the extinction though much less dis- tinct, than in plagioclase resembled it otherwise very closely. The appearance is very suggestive of the derivation of the scapolite from plagiocla.se, and if this be the case the twinning structure of the latter is retained after the mineral has apparently been entirely changed to scapolite. Probably, however, in these cases the change may not be complete, and although the mineral has the characteristics of scapolite there may be sufficient plagioclase remaining in twinning position to cause the alternate ol)li(|ue extinction observed. The indi x of refrac- tion of the scapolite of the (ileiidower mine is, however, considerably higher than that of the accompanying plagioela.se. The pyi-oxene has a somewhat faint though decided pleochroism, a yellowish, b greenish, f *()ii Some ruiia (wiLsonite?). Calcite whicn may have resr' ed from the further alteration of the plagioclase, and a much smalle, ^jroportion of a green hornblende and still smaller quantity of (|uartz are also present. A few of the unstriated grains may be orthoclase. The darker or green jwrMons end l)and8 are com- posed mainly of hornblende together with a much smaller propf-rtion of plagioclase and scapolite. The sca{)oHte-gabbro above described, may, by an increase in the ferro-magnesian constituent, pass over into a pyroxenite but such a type is unrepresented by any of the hand specimens i- le collection ex- amined. One thin section examined, however (No. 11) which might be described as such, had evidently been taken as representative of the ore-body, as is beeracd to be composed mainly of magnetite with a very subordinate amount of pyrite. This is surrounded and contains embedded in it the same green pyroxene, .ilready mentioned, undergoing alteration to hornblende and serpentine. Both of these alterations may be seen plainly, in th' Me. Sometimes the change from pyroxene to serpentine is direct, but at times the hornblende serves as an inter- mediate stage in the process, Secontlary calcite is rather abundant and the belief is entertained that some of it may have been derixed from the decomposition of scapolite ori-inally present but the facts present ed in this section in supjwt of this view are not incontrovertible. A small amount of dolomite was also noticed. 88 I "IKOLWilOAl, dUnVKY OK lANAPA. MiimMPopio Exttiiiinktioni of nicka. Another cWly r,.l.t«d rock «„,| ono which ...ay h«v« been derived from th,.al,e«tio„of a pyrox-nito. if «u.h ..present, in «„y apprerWe glMtenmg ba«.c «.h.stoHe rock which in thin section under the micro- .scope ,.«^„ to l^compone,! alm.mt wholly of green trichroic hornblonde. rhere „ httie or no felspar present. M„g,.etite i« rather abundant m .rreguUr gram, together with a snmll ,,r,.,K,rtion of pyrite. The most deco„,p,«ed portion of the whole rock nmn. is repiwnted by two th.n .ectmn, uVo. 14). It evidc.tly represents the extreme li:rp,:;l:.r ^'"' ^^^ "'''""'' ^ ^^•--"''•' - - — •> The hand specimen is very fine-graine«» n soapoliteauKitc- syenite-gneiss. The minerals present are .)rth.wla.se, microperthite, plagioclase, scapoUt.? and pyroxene, witli small quantities of sphene^ apatite, magnetite and occasional scales of hiotite. The pyroxene is in irregular grains, is of a deep green coh.ur, and shows a faint though decided pleochroism. In a few iridi\idu!il» incipient alteration to a deep-green hornblende was noticed. The scajiolite may 1)6 plainly distinguished from the felsp'ir by its brilliant ehromatio polarization, high ■r.d(.x of refraction and tli<- presence of the cleavage cracks filled with a yellowish decomposition prcnluct The sphene is In large rounded lumps and together with the roun:, Conressioii VII., 2'omuhip o/ Sherhrooh; Lanark Connti/. The hand .sp..cimen shows a dark-green, almost black, somewhat coarse massive crysUilline rock. Under the microscope it is seen to be a diorite. The plagioclase, which is in very small amount, is largJTy altered to calcite, together with a little epidote and chlorite. The very abundant hornblende is of the usual compact dark-green varie"u. Magnetite is present, mostly associated with the decomposed pla"^- clase. Apatite is present in occasional large rounded individuals Calcite may frequently be noticed embedded in the hornblende in sharp individuals. iVb. m and lec.-Ritchie Mine.~Lot Id, Concession VII., Township <>/ S. Sherbrooke, Lanark County. Are taken from the same hand specimen, which shows a pale flosh- red massive granitoi.l rock in contact with a dark-gray n,ore basic schistose rock. The line of contact is quite sharp, and the acid portion appears to be the newer. Under the microscope the «d granitoid rock IS seen to be a syenite composed of orthoclase, microperthite ohgoclase, albite, with much smaller quantities of hornblende, biotite sphene, and magnetite. The coloured constituents are in small irregu ar 90 I MicitMODpie Kxamiiiationa i>( nxk: OMLOOICAL IVIVIV Or CANADA. more or leia Mp«r»ted indiridiMlf, and are barely sufficient to charao- terlw the rock. The )ia o schint U a very typical and freeh acapolite Kabbro. The green pyre xune hai a faint though quite dietinot pleo- chroisni, yellowiah and greenish. It ahows only incipient alteration to to deep-green hornblende. Sphane ia preaent in irregular individuala. In apite of the evidence of intrusion of the syenite through the wnpo- lite gabbro, and thia comparatively shu. p lin« of contact, it is powible that both may repreaent differentiated portiona of the «anie mai{ma. One atrong evidence of this fact is the presence in both of tlie same green pleoohroic pyroxene. So. lUtL— Ritchie 3line.~Lot Ifi, Concession VII., Township of Sherbrooke, Lanark County. The hand specimen ahowa a flesh-red well foliated, evidently highly felspathio, granitic rock. The foliation ia marked by the occurrence of very narrow disconnected though closely parallel banda of a dark- green colour. The thin section ahows the rock to be an augite-syenite-gneiss. It is composed of orthoclase, microperthite, oligoolaae and albite, with much smaller quantities of augit«, biotite, hornblende, sphene, apatite and iron ore, part of which at least is ilmenite. .Some of the indivi- duals of augite are quite fresh but others are partially or completely altered to a dark-green compact strongly pleochroic hornblende. Nos. 17 and 18. — RobertuvUle Mine.— Lot .i, Concestuni IX., Touiuhip of Palmerston, Frontenac County. Specimens from which sections 17 and 18 were made vary from gray (17) to dark greenish gray (18) according to the abundance of the ferroiiiagnesian constituents. Hmall veins or dykes of a deep fleshred mineral (cryptoperthite) are associated with a pale greenish-yellow mineral (epidote). Under the microscope in the section examined (No. 17) the rock seems to be a decompased diorite composed essentially of plagioclase and hornblende. The plagioclase is sometimes rather fresh, but generally it is more or less turbid due to dust like inclusions in addition to various products of decomposition. The hornblende bos a tendency towards the actinolitic habit and a considerable proportion is altered to chlorite. Apatite and sphene are both present in con- siderable quantity. Pyrite is rather abundant and several iniiiWduala of magnetite were noticed. One side of the slide shows a portion of APPIRDIX. 91 I one of the reddish dykee or veina klrendy mentione ., Ii.|.,ti. ..f l>< )i lit tlii IKI, |i, 3V; I*"-"'. I'. l;ili n :•:. |.. ixi . IV, till, 1,, '.rtft •w '•'. [• •JS It !'<''.•. !• m I! 7t 71. |. •.•Ill t: >-". ii. •.'! T 71 7-.'. |.. i-.':i tS!i.-,. ,. I'll; 71 7:'. 1 1 i'j;i l»!i\ p. ItiK n 7\ !■ in; ■ II l.s!i.-i. ,.. ;,|, X.iiiii .if Mil V.i.ik.. Ml. .11 "I Mi.llll.M, M..H.I. I. <..■.. K.iii.li I I'li.ii. - Ijiki IU.T.i\,. r..uiiii.i liii.i'ii. MolK'tX l.iti liaii:iii »ll>T l..ik.-. M:i^l. I..r Wll... ••■llll.ih., . 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Ill II 117" 1 111 |i'i:u 1 n.'iii tl «) III oi 2 72 ;» 10 10 25 5 7ft aH'ft« out ! 4 N) • !l I)) ui.Hi'nt. IW 2 111 .1 O li-l II iW .j oil!) I 4 111 i — , lilH>4>l)t. i ! 1)1)70 ; :i 23 1) :«i N2 ' 117 '■. 2!I0 1 1 prcwut. .•il"..'iit. 4 •» »7i» '. 10U7 M 30 . 14 BO U .12 2 24 7 :ii 5 Ml '4 ri6 7 »l 4 fC. 2 1)0 IB !!.■> U 11 I« 8ft Oftl am ... lOli 00,-. Old 30O 004 i)7ii 1)1 1 (I liUI n..r K,,,','.',.. (MdK'c : niiul.. I.y tl... c„n„™,y, .honi... an.l klmlly f„r„i»l,i'.l .„ .;,„. K. Druum il. K.*,., Managing Director. Th. .itlur reference, ure to the ll..,.ort.