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M ^ ISocumintis RELATIVE TO THE ERECTION AND ENDOWMENT or r I' ADDITIONAL BISHOPRICS IN THE COLONIES; WITH A SHORT HISTORICAL PREFACE. j\j\r^^r\^ ^ ^ r- *-.^N w\ LONDON: EIVINGTONS. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, AND WATERLOO-PLACE HATCHARD, PICCADILLY; BURNS, PORTMAN-STREET. 1844. 1 CONTENTS. 1 PAGK Preface vii No, I.— A Letter from the Lord Bishop of London to his Grace the Lord Archhishop of Canterbury 1 II.— Meeting and Resolutions of the Clergj' and Laity 1.'; III. — Declaration of the Archbishoiis and Bishops IT) IV. — First Report of the Episcopal Committee 1 v.— Bishopric of Gibraltar 22 VI. — Bishopric of Van Diemen's Land 24 VII. — Bishopric of New Brunswick 2r) VIII. — Bishopric of South Australia 27 IX. — Bishopric of the Cape of Good Hope .'id X. — Second Report of the Episcopal Committee 35 XL — Bishopric of New Brunswick (Second Address) 40 XII. — Pastoral Letter from the Lord Bishop of London to the Clergy of his Diocese 1.'? XIII. — Pastoral Letter of the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia 45 XIV. — Pastoral Letter from the Lord Bishop of Salisbury to the Clergy of his Diocese 54 XV.— Receipts and Payments, Jan. 1841 to June 1843 5!> XVI.— Table of Colonial Dioceses, 1844 GO XVII —Table of American Dioceses, 1844 01 XVIII.— Progress of the Episcopate in the British Colonies, 1787— 1844 , 62 PREFACE. It is impossible to estimate the loss which the Church of England has sustained by the want, for nearly two centuries, of Bishops in the Colonies. It was in the year 1607, that Robert Hunt, an English Clergyman, landed in Virginia, with a party of settlers, but it was not until 1785, after the separa- tion of the States from the mother country, that a single Bishop was consecrated for any part of the North-American Continent. Thus, for upwards of one hundred and seventy years, and while so many new communities, of British origin, were growing to maturity, the Church was left unorganized, — shorn of its ordinances, — subject to every sort of disorder, — and in a position of disadvantage, as compared with the Nonconformist bodies. As early, however, as the year 1638, the sagacious VIU PREFACE. mind of Laud had conceived a design for the remedy of an o.vil then at its rise, by sending a Bishop to New England ; but the scheme was thwarted by th(i outbreak of troubles in Scot- land.* A similar proposal was made, soon alter the Restoration, by Lord Chancellor Clarendon, and so fully approved by the King, that a patent was actually made out, constituting Dr. Alexander Mur- ray Bishop of Virginia, with a general charge over the other Provinces. But this noble project, which, if carried into eiFect, would doubtless have exer- cised a sensible influence on the religious and political institutions of America, was defeated by the accession to power of the " Cabal " Ministry.f The very first Missionaries who were nominated by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel made strong and repeated representations on the necessity of sending out Bishops. Thus the Rev. John Talbot wrote from New York, in 1702;— " We have great need of a Bishop here, to visit all the Churches, to ordain some, to confirm others, and bless all." * Heylyn's Life of Laud, p. 347. t Gadsden's Life of Bisliop Dehon, p. 5. Seeker states, from an examination of Bishop Gibson's papers, that the failure was owing to the endowment being made payable out of the customs.— Ze^^fr to H. Walpole. Works, vol. xi. p. 355. PREFACE. IX '1 ^A». I i Again, the next year, he speaks of many fallinn: away into dissent, for want of a lawful ministry; while those who were willing and qualified to serve shrunk from the loss and hazard of a voyage to England to obtain holy orders. He then expresses his assurance that — " Did our gracious Queen Anne hut know the neces- sities of her many good subjects in these parts of the world, she would allow 1,000/. per annum, rather than so many souls should sulfer. Meanwhile, I don't doubt but some learned and good man would go fiu'thcr, and do the Church more service with lOOZ. per annum, than with a coach and six one hundred years hence." Writing, in 1704, to his friend George Keith, who had returned home, he goes so far as to speak both of the right person to be appointed, and the mode of providing for him : — " Mr. John Lillingston designs, it seems, to go for England next year ; he seems to be the fittest person that America affords for the office of a Suffragan ; and several persons, both of the laity and Clergy, have wished he were the man ; and if my Lord of London thought fit to authorize him, several of the Clergy, both of this province and of Maryland, have said they would pay their tenths unto him, as my Lord of London's Vice- gerent, whereby the Bishop of America might have as honourable provision as some in Europe."* * MS. Letters, in possession of S. P. G. vol. ii. 23. PREFACE. \n The other Missionaries concurred in pressing this subject upon the attention of the authorities at home. " Excuse me to the Society," says the Rev. Thorough- good Moor, in 1704, "if I am earnest with them for a Suffragan, and that they would have a particular regard to the unanimous request of the Clergy in all parts of America upon thi":! account."* In 1705, a memorial to the Archbishops and Bishops was agreed upon, and signed by fourteen Clergymen assembled at Burlington, praying for the appointment of a Suffragan Bishop.f These urgent and repeated solicitations for the com- plete organization of the American Church were not unheeded by the Society, who embodied them in a memorial to the Queen, in the year 1709. J And it was about this time that, as we are informed by his biographer, § a plan was proposed for sending out Dean Swift as Bishop to Virginia, but it is needless to say that no appointment was made. In 1710, Colonel Nicholson, the Governor of Virginia, and a most munificent benefactor to the Church, expressed, in a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, his opinion, " that unless a Bishop be • MS. Letters, vol. ii. 25. f Appendix to Journal, 86. t Appendix to Journal, 139. ~ § Scott's Life of Swift, prefixed to his Works, p. 98. PREFACE. XI sent in a short time, the Church of England will rather diminish than increase in North America." * At len^t^ t^® Society appears to have matured a comprehensive plan for providing the Church in the Colonies with Episcopal government ; and ac- cordingly, on the 24th of March, 1713, a represen- tation on the subject was drawn up, and in due time presented to Her Majesty, setting forth, as the opinion of the Society, after the most mature delibe- ration, — " That it is highly expedient that four Bishops be sent thither as soon as conveniently may be, to forward the great work of converting infidels to the saving faith of our blessed Redeemer, and for the better regulating such Christians in their faith and practice, as are already converted thereunto ; that is to say, two for the care and superintendency of the Islands, and as many for the Continent." The memorial, which proceeds upon the known disposition of the Queen to comply with the earnest applications, now eleven years continued, of her Colonial subjects, suggests further, that the two island Sees be fixed at Jamaica and Barbados; those for the American continent at Williamsburg in Vir- ginia, and Burlington in New Jersey ; at which • Vol. V. 1. 94. Xli PREFACE. latter place the Society had expended a sum of 600?. for the purchase of a house and land for the Bishop.* There appears to be no doubt that the Queen's approbation was given to this proposal ; and that the Bishoprics were to have been endowed by the proceeds arising from the sale of land in St. Chris- topher's ; but, unhappily, the death of Her Majesty put an end to the arrangements. The Society took an early opportunity, after the accession of George I., of renewing their Memorial to the Crown ; but the jealousies of party, height- ened by distrust of a Clergy suspected of favouring the Stuart family, precluded all hope of its being entertained by the administration of Sir Robert Walpole. The importance, however, which Arch- bishop Tenison attached to the subject may be judged of by the fact, that he bequeathed, by will, dated 1715, the sum of 1,000Z. toward the settle- ment of Bishops in America. Here it should be mentioned that, soon after- wards, in 1717, an unknown benefactor gave the sum of 1,000/. to the " Society for the Pro- pagation of the Gospel," with directions that " the s 1 * MS. Letters vol. viii. p. 45. PREFACE. • V « Xlll I ? t principal and interest might be applied towards the maintenance of a Bishop in America, when such Bishop should be established." This fund was increased in 1720, by a gift of 500^., for the same purpose, by Dugald Campbell, Esq.; and, in 1741, by a benefaction of like amount from the Lady Elizabeth Hastings. These donations show that the inlerest in the full organization of the American Church was not confined to the Clergy. The fund continued to accumulate till the year 1787; since which time the interest has been paid towards the endowment of the Bishopric of Nova Scotia; the whole capital, in Government securities, now amounting to nearly I5fi00l. An event occurred in 1723 which induced Bishop Gibson to press the matter more urgently on the attention of the Minister. The Rev. Robert Welton, and the Rev. John Talbot, who had so long and so warmly contended for the establishment of the Episcopate in America, were consecrated by the nonjuring Bishops, and went back to the Colonies. The Government at home successfully interfered to prevent the exercise of their functions, but still unaccountably refused to sanction the consecration of Clergymen friendly to the Hanoverian line. X17 PREFACE. In 1725, the Society received a memorial from the Clergy of New England, complaining of the grievances to which themselves and their congre- gations were subject ; and suggesting, as the most effectual remedy, the sending of " an orthodox and loyal Bishop" to reside among them. " This great blessing of a worthy Bishop" was desired, not only by the professed members of the Church, but by many who, though disposed to it in their hearts, had hitherto been prevented from joining it openly.* In his sermon before the Society, in 1741, Seeker, then Bishop of Oxford, spoke of the disadvantages under which the Church in America laboured for want of Bishoj ,. In 1749, Bishop Sherlock, writing to the Rev. Dr. Johnson, says : — " I have been soliciting the establishment of one or two Bishops, to reside in proper parts of the plantations, and to have the conduct and direction of the whole. I am sensible, for myself, that I am capable of doing but little service to those distant Churches ; and I am per- suaded that no Bishop residing in England ought to have, or willingly to undertake, the province. As soon as I came to the See of London, I presented a memorial to the King on this subject, which he referred to his principal officers of state, to be considered." f rr * Fulham Papers. t Chandler's Life of Dr. Johnson, p. 131. PREFACE. XV .«:.4if«. It will naturally be asked, if so general a desire was expressed by the Clergy in the plantations for the appointment of Bishops, and the reasonableness and importance of the measure were so fully admitted by the heads of the Church at home, why the appoint- ment was still delayed? The answer must be, that the prejudices of those who opposed the intro- duction of Episcopacy into America outweighed the representations of its advocates. The objections commonly entertained were rather of a civil and political, than of an ecclesiastical, character. There was, of course, the old traditionary feeling, especially in the New England states, against what they termed " prelacy," as connected with religious intolerance ; and this objection was much strengthened by vague apprehensions of some coercive power to be exercised by a Bishop over the laity— of his interference with the authority of the governor, and of taxes which might be levied for his support. But, I esides all this, the people were becoming gradually more democratic in their habits, and so, more and more jealous of the influence which Episcopacy might exert in favour of monarchy and the institutions of the mother country. Proposals were sent home by some of the New XVI PREFACE. England Clergy, in 1750, with a view of obviating such objections ; and a plan was drawn up in the same year by Bishop Butler,* embodying the pro- posals of the memorialists, in the hope of disarming hostility ; but it shared the fate of its many pre- decessors. The truth is, that while the dissenters in the Colonies and at home were united in oppo- sition to the measure, the mass of English Churchmen, ignorant and indifferent, gave themselves no trou- ble about it. The Society had done its part, by frequent addresses to the Crown ; and the Bishops continued to do theirs. Bishop Sherlock thus ex- pressed himself on the subject to Dr. Doddridge, May 11, 1751:— " The care of it [the Church of England] as an Episco- pal Church is supposed to be in the Bishop of London. How he comes to be charged with this care, I will not now inquire ; but sure I am that the care is improperly lodged : for a Bishop to live at one end of the world, and his Church at another, must make the office very uncomfortable to the Bishop, and, in a great measure, useless to the people." He then alludes to the great inconveniences arising from want of a resident Bishop, the hazard and * Calaray's Hist. Account of his own Life, vol. ii. p. 335. Note by the Editor. PREFACE. xvii expense of going to England for ordination, &c. and adds : — " For these reasons, and others of no less weight, I did apply to the King, as soon as I was Bishop of London, to have two or three Bishops appointed for the Plantations, to reside there. I thought there could be no reasonable objection to it, not even from the dissen- ters, as the Bishops proposed were to have no jurisdic- tion but over the Clergy of their own Church." But although the proposal, in itself most reason- able, was made in so conciliatory a spirit, and although no design was entertained of sending a Bishop to New England, where the dissenters predominated, yet it met with the most determined opposition in that country. " Was this," the Bishop asks, " consistent even with a spirit of toleration ? Would they think themselves tolerated, if they were debarred the right of appointing ministers among themselves, and were obliged to send all their candidates to Geneva, or Scotland, for orders ? At the same time that they gave this opposition, they set up a mission of their ovra for Virginia, a country entirely Episcopal, by authority of their synod. And in their own country, where they have the power, they have prosecuted and imprisoned several members for not paying towards supporting the dissenting preachers, though no such charge can, by any colour of law, be imposed on them: this has been the case in New England." * * Correspondence and Diary of Dr. Doddridge, vol. v. p. 201. t XVlll PREFACE. Seeker, while Bishop of Oxford, wrote, in 1754, to his correspondent, the Rev. Dr. Johnson, as follows : — " We have done all we can here in vain, and must wait for more favourable times ... So long as they (the dissenters) are uneasy, and remonstrate, regard will be paid to them and their friends here, by our Mimsters of State."* The whole correspondence contains proof of the anxiety which Seeker felt for the full settlement of the Church in America, after his elevation to the primacy. Nor did he content himself with ex- pressing his opinion in private. In the midst of other occupations, he took the trouble of replying to a pamphlet written by Dr. Mayhew, of Boston, in which the proposal for appointing Bishops in Ame- rica was vehemently denounced. In this answer, the Archbishop states very, calmly the undeniable right of the Church to her own Apostolical government ; and speaks of the anomalous position of the Clergy in America as " without parallel in the Christian world."t In 1764, he says, writing to Dr. Johnson :— « The affair of American Bishops continues in sus- pense. Lord Willoughby of Parham, the only EngUsh * Chandler's Life of Dr. Johnson, p. 177. t Life of Seeker, prefixed to his Sermons, p. 52. PREFACE. XIX dissenting peer, and Dr. Chandler, have declared, after our scheme was fully laid before them, that they saw no objection against it. The Duke of Bedford, Lord- President, hath given a calm and favourable hearing to it, hath desired it may be reduced to writing, and pro- mised to consult about it with the other ministers, at his first leisure."* ' But party spirit was beginning to run high ; and the Archbishop therefore urged the importance of pursuing their object " in a quiet, private manner," so as not to " run the risk of increasing the outcry against the Society.'* In 1766, he spoke more fully on the same sub- ject : — " It is very probable that a Bishop or Bishops would have been quietly received in America before the Stamp Act was passed here ; but it is certain that we could get no permission here to send one. Earnest and continual endeavours have been used with our successive ministers and ministries, but without obtaining more than promises to consider and confer about the matter ; which promises have never been fulfilled. The King [George the Third] hath expressed himself repeatedly in favour of the scheme; and hath promised, that, if objections are imagined to lie again «t other places, a Protestant Bishop should be sent to Quebec, where there is a Popish one, and where there are few dissenters to take offence. And in the latter end of Mr. Grenville's ministry, a plan of * Life of Seeker, prefixed to his Sennons, p. 196. PREFACE. an ecclesiastical establishment for Canada was formed, on which a Bishop might easily have been grafted, and was laid before a Committee of Council. But opinions differed there, and proper persons could not be per- suaded to attend ; and in a while the ministry changed. Incessant application was made to the new ministry: some slight hopes were given, but no step taken. Yes- terday, the ministry was changed again, as you may see in the papers ; but whether any change will happen in our concern, and whether for the better or the worse, I can- not so much as guess. Of late, indeed, it hath not been prudent to do anything, unless at Quebec ; and therefore the address from the Clergy of Connecticut, which arrived here in December last, and that from the Clergy of New York and New Jersey, which arrived in January, have not been presented to the King ; but he hath been acquainted with the purport of them, and directed them to be postponed to a fitter time." It was at this time that Seeker wrote in the fol- lowing terms to Horace Walpole : — " The reasonableness of the proposal, abstractedly considered, you seem to admit : and indeed it belongs to the very nature of Episcopal Churches to have Bishops at proper distances presiding over them ; nor was there ever before, I believe, in the Christian world, an instance of such a number of Churches, or a tenth part of that number, with no Bishop amongst them, or within some thousands of miles from them. But the consideration of the Episcopal acts which are requisite, will prove the need of Episcopal residence more fully. Confirmation is an office of our Church, derived from the primitive PRKFACE. X\l ages : and when administered with due care, a very useful one. All our people in America see the appointment of it in thi;ir Prayer-books, immediately after their Cate- chism; aud if they are denied it unless they will come over to England for it, they are, in fact, prohibited tlie exercise of one part of their religion."* He then refers to the anxiety of successive Bishops for the establishment of Episcopacy in the Colo- nies : — " I believe there scarce is, or ever was, a Bishop of the Church of England, from the Revolution to this day, that hath not desired the establishment of Bishops in our Colonies. Archbishop Tenison, who was surely no High-Churchman, left, by his will, 1000/. towards it; and many more of the greatest eminence might be named who were and are zealous for it.f Or, if Bishops, as such, must of course be deemed partial, the Society for Propagating the Gospel consists partly also of inferior Clergymen, partly too of laymen. Now the last cannot so well be suspected of designing to ad- vance ecclesiastical authority. Yet this whole body of men, almost ever since it was in being, hath been making repeated applications for Bishops in America ; nor have the lay part of it ever refused to concur in them."t ♦ Letter to Horace Walpole. Works, vol. xi. p. 342. t Bishop Benson bequeathed a legacy "to be added to the fund for settling Bishops in our Plantations in America, hoping that a design so necessary and unexceptionable, cannot but at last be put in execution." — Seeker's Answer to Dr. Mayhew's Observations. Works, vol. xi. p. 328. X Ibid. p. 348. xxu PREFACE. II: I; Archbishop Seeker, as his last service in a cause which he had so zealously advocated, hequcathed the sum of 1000/. " towards the establishment uf a Bishop, or Bishops, in the King's dominions in America." Bishop Terrick, whose attention was naturally directed to the subject, on his translation to the see of London, in 1764, expressed distinctly his opinion, both as to the importance of establishing the Episco- pate in America, and as to the obstacles in the way of such a measure. His words are :— " I feel, as sensibly as you can do, the distress of the Americans, in being obliged, at so much hazard and expense, to come to this country for Orders ; but I own I see no prospect of a speedy remedy to it. They ^vho are enemies to the measure of an Episcopacy, whetDn- on your part of the globe or ours, have hitherto louiid means to prevent its taking place, though no measure can be better suited to every principle of true policy, none can be mo.-i ^lonsistent with every idea I have formed of truly v.lirms liberty. We want no other motives for dedariiig our sentiments and wishes on the subject, but what arise from the expediency, 1 had almost said the necessity, of putting the American Church upon a more respectable plan, by the appoint- ment of a Bishop."* In the anniversary sermon preached before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in 1767, ♦ Chandlers Life of Dr. Johnoon, p. 200. f PREFACE, xxni t the Bishop of Llan(la{r(Dr. Ewer) contended warmly for the rights of the American Church, which ah)nc (he said) of all the religious communions, was not tolerated ; while the want of Bishops rendered it impossible to have a native ministry. Bishop Liowth urged forcibly the same topics, in 1771, and spoke of the colonists as deprived of " the common benefit w^hich all Christian Churches, in all ages, and in every part of the world, have freely enjoyed." The Bishop observes — " The proper and only remedy hath long since been pointed out — the appointment of one or more resident Bishops, for the exercise of offices purely Episcopal in the American Church of England ; for administering the solemn and edifying rite of Confirmation ; for ordaining Ministers,* and superintending their conduct;- -offices to which the members of the Church of England have an undeniable claim, and from which they cannot be precluded without manifest injustice and oppression."t The last quotation shall be from a letter written by the same eminent Prelate to Dr. Chandler, at * *' The exact number of those who have gone home for ordination from these northern Colonies is fifty-two. Of these, forty-two have returned safely, and ten have miscarried ; the voyage or sickness occa- sioned by it, having proved fatal to near a fifth part of them. The expense of their voyage cannot be reckoned at less, upon an average, than one hundred pounds sterling to each person." — Dr. Chandler's Appeal, p. 34 . New York. 1767. t Sermon before S. P. G. p. 17. XXIV PREFACE. 1 the very beginning of the American disturbances, May 29, 1775 :— " If," he says, " it shall please God that these unhappy tumults be quieted, and peace and order restored, (which event I am sanguine enough to think is not far distant,) we may reasonably hope that our governors will be taught, by experience, to have some regard to the Church of England in America."* With these earnest appeals on record, it cannot be said that the heads of the English Church were indifferent to the claims of their American brethren, or backward to maintain them. But political and sectarian feeling combined to thwart the plans of the Church, till the independence of the States had been established, when the question of Episcopacy became with the republicans a matter of secondary import- ance. The same objections were no longer enter- tained to the introduction of Bishops. The only difficulty, therefore, that remained was for the several conventions to agree upon the time and manner of seeking the Episcopate. The middle and southern states w^ere for delay: "■' Let us first gather together," said they, " our scattered members." The lanjruase of the east and north was wiser : " Let us A >,: ^K k I ii * Chandler's Life of Dr. Johnson, p. 207. T \ PREFACE. XXV •f first have a head to see, and then we shall he hetter enabled to find our members."* Ultimately, in 1783, the Clergy of Connecticut elected Dr. Samuel Seabury, many years a Missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel on Long Island, to be their Bishop, and commended him to the Bishops of the English Church, for consecration. But the Archbishop of Canterbury felt a delicacy about complying with their prayer, both because the Bishop elect was not the choice of the whole Church, and because the Government was unwilling to sanc- tion such a step till they had ascertained in what lio-ht it would be viewed by the now independent States. Impatient of further delay. Dr. Seabury proceeded to Scotland, and was there consecrated, on the 14th November, 1784, by Bishops Kilgour, Petrie, and Skinner. Early in the summer of the ensuing year, he returned to Connecticut, the first Bishop of our Church that had yet been seen in the whole of the North American continent. Two years afterwards, on the 4th February, 1787, the Rev. William White and the Rev. Samuel Provoost, who had been duly elected to the Sees of Pennsyl- vania and New York, were consecrated in the Chapel * Quoted in the Life of Bp. Hobart, edited by Dr. Hook, p. 21U. XXVI PREFACE. i1 u n Hi ! j of Lambeth Palace, by the Archbishop of Canter- bury,* assisted by the Archbishop of York,f and the Bishops of Bath and Wells { and of Peterborough. § Among those who contributed to bring about this happy result, by removing the obstacles which pre- vented the consecration of Bishops for a foreign independent power, Mr. Granville Sharp should be mentioned with honour. He wrote urgently to the Archbishop of Canterbury on the subject ; and spoke of the time as being "important and critical for the promotion of the interests and future extension of the Episcopal Church in America." || The two Bishops did not linger in England, but embarked a few days after their consecration, and arrived in New York^ on the 7th of April— Easter day— a happy omen, as it was considered, for the reviving Church of that country. Thus, at last, after nearly two centuries of struggle, the Church was perfected in America; and from this moment her course has been rapidly progressive.! Before, however, this happy settle- ment, many of her most devoted children had been driven, by the troubles of the times, to seek * Dr. Moore. t Dr. Markham. J Dr. Moss. § Dr. Hinchcliffe. II Bishop White's Memoirs of the American Church, p. 376. H See Table of the American Dioceses, at the end. PREFVCE. XXVU a refuge in the provinces which still maintuiiied their allegiance to the British Crown. Thousands of loyalists passed over to Nova Scotia and Canada ; and it was wisely determined to give them the full privileges of that Church to which they were so strongly attached, by forming the remaining British Colonies into an Episcopal See. The person fixed upon, as it were, by common consent, to fill it, was Dr. Chandler; but that admirable man was already suffering from a fatal malady, which com- pelled him to decline an elevation which he had so well merited. He, however, took the opportunity of recommending, for the office of Chief Pastor, one who had done and suffered much for the Church ; and Dr. Charles Inglis, who had been obliged to fly to England for his life, in 1783, was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia, on the 12th August, 1787. The second Colonial Diocese was formed in 1793, by the establishment of the Bishopric of Quebec, with jurisdiction over the province of Canada ; and both of these enormous dioceses were subdivided in 1839, by the erection of Toronto and Newfoundland into separate Bishoprics. But the American Colonies were not the only part of the British dominions in which the settle- XXVI 11 PREFACE. y ment of our Church, in the completeness of her doe- trine and discipline, had been too long neglected. Many years elapsed after the establishment of our power in India, before any systematic measures were adopted for the moral and religious benefit of that country. But neither here had their obliga- tions been overlooked by Churchmen. As early as the year 1694, Dr. Prideaux drew up proposals for the Propagation of Christianity in the East Indies. In this paper he laid down, as the result of expe- rience in the West Indies, as well as in the East, the position, which a century and a half's added experience has strengthened, " That the existing evils and deficiencies cannot otherwise be remedied, than by settling Bishops and Seminaries in those countries, where ministers ma} be bred and ordained upon the spot."* Shortly after this, indeed, the East India Company was required, in the charter granted to them, and bearing date 1698, "constantly to maintain in every garrison, and superior factory, one minister, [to be approved by the Bishop of London,] and to provide there also one decent and convenient place for divine service only."f -f * Quoted in Le Bas' Life of Middleton, vol.j. p. 32. t Ibid. vol. i. p. 30. PREFACE. XXIX ^L. Little, however, was done till the time of the renewal of the Company's charter, in 1813 ; when, after much opposition, and many warnings of the evils that would ensue from the introduction of our Church system into that heathen empire, the fol- lowing resolution, apologetically introduced by the Government, was adopted by the House of Com- mons, and made the basis of a clause in the Act : — " That it is expedient that the Church Establishment in the British territories in the East Indies should be placed under the superintendence of a Bishop and three Archdeacons; and that adequate provision should be made from the territorial revenues of England for their maintenance." * The immediate consequence was, the erection of British India into one vast Diocese, which has since been subdivided into the Bishoprics of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. It only remains for us to mention the tardy or- ganization of the Church in the West India Islands. It has already been stated, that a plan was presented to Queen Anne, in 1713, by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, for the erection of Bishoprics in Jamaica and Barbados. This plan, so wisely and providently formed, was destined to wait * Hansard's Pari. Debates, vol. xxv. 242. XXX PREFACE. more than a century for its accomplishment. At last, however, after the objections to it had been exhausted, the Dioceses of Jamaica and Barbados were formally constituted, and the good effects resulting from Episcopal superintendence have been most remarkably evidenced in both. After the foregoing references to the many ineffec- tual attempts made during a long series of years to introduce the full system of the Church of England into our Colonies, and the opposition by which those attempts were defeated, it is consolatory to reflect on the improved feeling, both of the public and the Government, in our own time. Out of fifteen Colonial Bishoprics, ten have been erected within the last nine years. But though much has been done, much remains to be accomplished. By a reference to Document III., it will be seen that, of the thirteen additional Bishoprics, which were declared, in 1841, by the unanimous voice of our Bishops, to be required in various parts of the British empire abroad, four only have yet been constituted. The necessary Endowment Fund, indeed, has been, within a little, provided for New Brunswick ; but, to mention no other, the impor- ^'«*^ 1 PREFACE. XX xi tant Colony of the Cape OF Good Hope remains entirely cut off from the benefit of Clmrcli govern- ment. It need only be added, that the following Docu- ments, connected with by far the most important movement in the Church of England since the era of the Reformation, are now published in a collected form, with a view of promoting the extension of that Catholic and Apostolic Church in every part of our Colonial empire. ERNEST HAWKINS. 79, Pall Mall, Apil 10, IStt. i^MK;?!^K3 ?34hiS4«*^ -r^' ^e'yiki COLONIAL BISHOPUICS. i No. I. A LETTER FROM THE LORD BISHOP OF LONDON TO HIS GRACE THE LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. My Lord Archbishop, I AM persuaded that I need not offer any apology for addressing a letter to your Grace upon a subject, which I know has occupied much of your thoughts, and which I consider to be of the most urgent im- portance to the interests of that branch of the Church of Christ, which looks up with reverence to your Grace as its chief spiritual ruler. The time appears to me to have arrived, at which a great effort is required, on the part of the Church of England, to impart the full benefits of her apo- stolical government and discipline, as well as of her doctrines and ordinances, to those distant provinces of the British Empire, where, if the Christian religion is professed at all, it is left to depend for its con- tinuance, under the blessing of its Divine Head, upon the energies of individual piety and zeal, without B I\ i I 2 THE BISHOP OF LONDON being enshrined in the sanctuary of a rightly con- stituted Church, the only sure and U astworthy in- strument of its perpetuation and efficiency. The duty, incumbent upon the government of a Christian country, of making provision for the spiritual wants of its colonies, a duty recognised and fulfilled by those states which have maintained their commu- nion with the Church of Rome, was felt at far too late a period by the rulers of this Protestant country, and has at no time been completely and efiectually carried out. At present it is openly called in ques- tion by a large proportion of the members of one branch of our Legislature ; and there does not appear to be much hope of our obtaining, at the present moment, in the actual state of the public revenue, any considerable aid from the national resources, for the purpose of planting and maintaining the Church of this country in its colonies. In ihe mean time, those colonies are rapidly increasing in extent and popula- tion, and the want of some effectual provision for the preservation of their Christianity is augmented, just in proportion as the chance of supplying it appears to be diminished. Every year's experience tends to prove, and the opinion is rapidly gaining ground, that in our en- deavours to provide for our colonists that, which in the first instance they have not the means of pro- viding for themselves, the ministration and oppor- tunities of our holy religion, it is not enough that we send out with them, or amongst them, a certain num- ber of missionaries ' and that we cnntribntfi to hnild « TO THE ARCHmSHOP OF CANTERBURY. 8 ^ a certain number of churches and schools. No doubt, even this provision will be productive of much good; but if we desire the good to be complete, permanent, and growing with the Church's growth, we must plant the Church amongst them in all its mtegrity. Each colony must have, not only its parochial, or dis- trict pastors, but its chief pastor, to watch over and guide, and direct the whole. An episcopal Church without a bishop is a contradiction in terms. The jurisdiction exercised in former times over the colonies by the Bishop of London, and still conventionally exercised by him over those clergymen of the English Church who have no bishop of their own, is an anomalous and very inadequate substitute for the practical authority of a diocesan bishop, residing amongst and superintending his own clergy, and giving unity, consistency, and efficiency, to their pastoral labours. For a proof of the incalculable advantage which would result from planting a perfect integral branch of our Church in each of our colonies, we may appeal to the result of experiment. Compare the present state of the East and West Indies, with respect to their religious and moral condition, both as to the clergy and laity, with that which existed before the establishment of the episcopate in those parts of the empire, and the evidence will appear to be decisive. Not that we deem it necessary to appeal to the tes- timony of a comparatively recent experiment.^ It might have so happened— God be praised that it is nnf CO hnt. it miffht have so happened-that the 4 THE BISHOP OF LONDON seemingly adverse circumstances under which those bishoprics were constituted, and the peculiar difficul- ties to be encountered by their first incumbents, would prevent, for a long series of years, any remark- able consequences of a beneficial nature from those wise and Christian measures. The unfavourable natnre of the soil, in which the tree was planted, might have seemed to forbid the expectation of its bringing forth much fruit till after many seasons. That it would not ultimately disappoint the just hopes of those who placed it there, was the persuasion of all who believed that a branch of the true Church must needs be '* like a tree planted by the water side, which should bring forth its fruit in due season." But its produce has already been abundant enough to justify their wisdom and foresight, and to minister cause of thankfulness to Him who giveth the increase ; and to encourage us to unceasing efforts, for the pur- pose of conferring the same inestimable boon on every other colony of the British empire. The difference between our past labours in the work of erecting colonial churches, and those which are now called for, must be this : that whereas we formerly began by sending out a few individual mis- sionaries, to occupy detached and independent fields of labour,— unconnected with one another by their relation to a common oversight in the execution of their task, although deriving their spiritual authority from a common origin ;— and then, after an interval of many years, placing them under the guidance and control of bishops; we should now, after having sup- «l* -f^ 1»J* I XO THE AUCmSHOP OF CANTF.nBUBV. 6 > „f tl,n older colonies, wliich are still nlied the wants oi those oiun y. ■ . i,« ilute of the benefit o^ ^^^^^'^.^^' Z'^^' :^: care to let every new colony enjoy that " "fej^-^ the very first. Let every band of settler , wh.ch ' es f^l. from Christian England, with author.ty to t e"py a distinct territory, and to form a separate "^^"rJ . 1 -i. ^f r^n]v Us civil rulers and community, take with U not only its functionaries, but its bishop and clergy. But the first work to be done .s, to supply the want of completeness in the Church whtch a ready :.l in several of our colonies and d.stan depen- dencies. I would mention, as examples, the Cape ot Goo Hope, the Island of Ceylon. Van D.emen s Land. New Zealand, (which may be regarded as bemg v^^Lally one of our colonies,) Malta, as the station of a bishop, who might exercise a salutary super- intendence over those of our clergy who officiate as chaplains in the seaports and towns upon the coast or near the coast of the Mediterranean ; and perhaps Gibraltar. I speak with some knowledge of the cu- eumstances. which show how desirable it is, hat a bishop should be placed in some of those places ; having references continually .nade to me upon mat- ters of great importance to the cause of religion and the Church, from English clergymen and congre- gations in foreign parts, which I am obliged to settle as well as I can. without any legitimate jurisdiction over the parties, and without any means of inquirmg per- sonally into the facts which f.,rm the subjects of their appeals to me. Your Grace's own experience will confirm the accuracy of this representation. ..Jl 6 THE BISHOP OF LONDON And besides this, it is obvious, that our Church is not seen in her full and fair proportions by the stran- gers amongst whom she dwells. The defect of those ordinances which can be received only at the hands of the highest order of the ministry, the absence of due regulations for the exercise of spiritual authority on the part of the clergy, and the want of a common bond of connexion between them, are disadvantage- ously contrasted with the discipline and completeness of other churches, in themselves perhaps less perfect or less pure than our own. I believe that the view, which I have here taken, of the position of our Church in those p..rts of the world which have just been enumerated, will be ad- miitted to be correct, by all those persons who have considered the subject. An opinion is generally pre- valent amongst us, that something ought to be done, without loss of time, to supply the deficiency com- plained of; and the only question is, what are the steps to be taken? Undoubtedly I hold, that it is a sacred duty, in- cumbent upon the government of a Christian state, to make due provision for the maintenance and exten- sion of Christianity in every part of the dominions of that state : but the time is not yet come for the full and free acknowledgment of that duty, on the part of those to whom it belongs; and we can hardly calculate upon an immediate exertion, on the part of the government of this country, adequately to supply the want of which I am now speaking. If they can be prevailed upon to take in hand the more urgent •""•f. 4 S «<^: 4 I A TO THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTEBBUKY. 1 1 ?n,r tKe spiritual wants of our manu- duty of '^^'^^y'''^ '^'"2ns districts at home, it is facturing towns and P^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ .^^^^^^^ ,^, as much as we can expect lui ^"^ '°"''' 1 V to the colonies themselves, in some If we 'look to the COiumc ^^pnnate . ;n V.P found a want of adequate '"'""^;X^-Siat"ndow«e„tof bishoprics, resources for t«e ^^^^ ^^ .^^^^.^^^.^^^ in others, U >s '°J'Jl' ^^ ,^, 3„bject of the arising from a state ^J ^^ "§ , ^he very de- Church, occasioned in great mea j flciency ^vhichwe desire to supply- ^« our cm ^l, are not insensible -^^^Z. copal church govern.e^; ^f ,' J^'ls^iclc. a very exists 7-f *Xtshop of their own, residing strong desire to have a msn p ^^.^^ amongst them, and giving full eftect t of their clergy. For my "-".f '^^'^'trtle en- if measures were taken to provide a fund for the en ,t measur bishoprics, some at least of our :; ritur^tt, and wo„ld be ready to assist us m nitude perhaps, or inououu «uv Pnnfessedlv most important to fittst^errrwlras L the cause of our S • .Master if it is not done by the Government STelttry to which that community belongs. tZ howevir, I can never regard as otherwise than btnd act as a part of the Church Catholic, in THE BISHOP OF LONDON I respect of its worldly means and appliances,) it appears to me, that all the members of that community and Church are bound to take the work in hand, and to do that, which may in no case be left undone. It is on this principle that the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts has now acted for more than a century. It has done that in- adequately, which the Government of the country ought to have done completely ; and as there seems now to be but little prospect of its being relieved of its responsibility, it is to be hoped that every mem- ber of our Church, whom Providence has blessed with the means, will at length be brought to feel, that some portion of that responsibility rests upon himself. It is upon this principle, as it appears to me, that we must now proceed, with regard to the endowment of new colonial bishoprics. I would propose, for your Grace's consideration, the following plan : — 1st. That a fund should be formed, by voluntary contribution, for the endowment of bishoprics in the colonies and distant dependencies of the British Crown. 2dly. That this fund should be held in trust and administered by the Archbishops and Bishops of the English Church. 3dly. That as a general principle, grants should be made for the endowment of bishoprics, to meet a certain proportion of the whole amount re- quired for such endowment, raised in the colo- nies themselves. 4 TO THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 1 4 ^ ■^ ^» 4thly. That the money, set apart from the fund for the endowment of a bishopric, should be laid out at the earliest opportunity, in the purchase of land within the colony, 5thly. That contributions may be made, specifically, for the endowment of particular bishoprics. I forbear from entering upon minute details ; and I would be understood as merely suggesting the fore- going regulations for consideration. It will of course be necessary, in order to the legal establishment of bishoprics in any of the colonies, or at Malta, or Gibraltar, that Letters Patent should be obtained from the Crown ; and I cannot allow myself to suppose that there will be any difficulty, on the part of Her Majesty's Government, in advising Her Majesty to give legal effect to those arrangements, by which the Church may make full and effectual pro- vision, as far as relates to her government and dis- cipline, for the spiritual wants of her distant children, without any additional burthen upon the state. With respect to the proposed fund, I feel a confident hope, that a very large amount of money will be contributed by the members of our Church, towards an under- taking, so necessary for the accomplishment of the irreat ends of her institution. To the attainment of SO important an object, we may reasonably expect that the great Church Societies will contribute libe- rally from the funds entrusted to their administration. No subscriber to the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, or to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, will |i- 10 THE BISHOP OF LONDON ii <^ grudge a large contribution from their respective funds for a purpose so directly bearing upon the objects of those associations ; and I cannot but think that the Church Missionary Society would feel it to be a plain duty, to assist in carrying out the same purpose ; for it conducts its missionary operations by means of clergymen of our own Church ; and it is undeniably true, that episcopal superintendence and control is an essential part of the constitution of that Church, absolutely necessary to its complete efficiency and usefulness. The want of that provision I know to be sensibly felt, and openly deplored by many of the missionaries of that Society. I expect also that the great colonial companies and associations would readily contribute to this fund. The erection and endowment of a bishopric formed one feature of the plan for colonizing New Zealand, which was formed a year or two ago by a number of persons of various religious denominations. The truth is, that a wiser provision could not be made for insuring even the temporal well-being of a new colony. With regard to the amount of money, which will be requisite for effecting the purpose which we have in view, although it must no doubt be large, yet I do not think it need be so large as some persons have supposed. We must be content to endow our n^w colonial bishoprics with a very moderate provision • sufficient to secure a competent maintenance for the bishops upon a reasonable scale of respectability and comfort, with some allo-^ance for their travelling expenses. It is probable, that, in the course of time. TO THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 11 •"Ij ^^• the improved value of the land, purchased as an endowment in the first instance, will add to their means of doing good ; and it is not unreasonable to hope, that the colonists themselves, when they feel the advantages of a resident bishop, may make some addition to his resources, while they multiply the num- ber of the clergy over whom he will have to preside. I have said nothing of the probability which exists, that if the Church of England does not send forth bishops as well as clergy, into those parts of the world, where her distant children desire still to repose under the shade of her branches, other kindred episcopal Churches may deem it incumbent upon them to crown their missionary exertions by some provision of this kind, and to occupy the fields which seem to be ripen- ing for the harvest. My own deeply-rooted convic- tion is, that if the Church of England bestir herself in good earnest, and put forth all the resources and energies which she possesses, and for the use of which she must give account, she will in due time cause the reformed episcopal Church to be recognised, by all the nations of the earth, as the stronghold of pure religion, and the legitimate dispenser of its means of grace ; and will be a chosen instrument in the hands of God for purifying and restoring the other branches of Christ's holy Catholic Church, and of connecting them with herself, as members of the same mystical body, in the way of truth, in the unity of the Spirit, and in the bond of peace. Commending the subject to your Grace's consider- ation, with an earnest prayer that you may be guided ifl i ^2 ^^NTRIBUTIONS OP THE rmrn. THE CHURCH SOCIETIES. I have the honour fo-.nia-n London, C. J. London. -4/>ny 24th, 1840. The important subieet of ^ i • the Episcopal superintend , "^ P''°"^'°" «>r Colonieshavingbl ; ;:t7° •'' ''''"^'='' « "- the two great Societsbvr '"''^P^°P°"'«'<=d,- been sustained durntalnt™. ''"' ^'^"^'^ '-^ and difficult,, wer Tremo 7„"' ! ^^'^^^ «'-gg,e 'r;i! Tm^-^- «,:• r^""o^ ^^^.e'. to-ards the elo^J^Tt^l '" ^"^''* ^''"-h. and a fe. da,s afterJaJs o„ tbTol ^'^'"'P"-' -» of 5,000^.. subsequen'oAn ! ^ "' '""^' ^ -as voted for the ^.mo^ZCTl •" '''""'' Propagation of the GosDeirl ^ °"''y ^"^ t^e But as the obi^.r ^ ^'"■''°" ^a^^- ever, ^emb/of h Z^tX' ^'' "^ "' ^^-^ -% feeJ interesLd S"" °' f »"'-'' »-' nece.- "■« year 1841. C'fl AT '^' ^""'''^' ^ariy in a-g7 and La^; 1' "' '""""'"S ""-tation to'^^he f^.;. "■*<*, JETIES. '^> to deter 'ect, Servant, ^' London. RESOLUTIONS OF THE CLERGY AND LAITY. 13 vision for 'cli in the pounded; urch had 'struggle ? largely omoting eed that posal of Church, oprics ; '"une, a ,500^., for the which leces- rly in o the No. 11. « The Archbishop of Canterbury, looking to the defective provision hitherto made for planting the Church in the distant dependencies of the British Empire, and desiring that an effoH should be made to extend to them the full benefit of its Apostolical government and discipline, invites the Clergy and Laity to attend a Meeting at Willis's Rooms, King Street, St. James's, on Tuesday, the 27th of April, for the purpose of commencing a fund for the endow- ment of additional Bishoprics in the colonies." His Grace presided on the occasion, and was sup- ported by the Archbishops of York and Armagh, the Bishops of London, Durham, Winchester, Bangor, Llandaff, Hereford, Chichester, Lichfield, and Salisbury. The following Resolutions were then unanimously carried : — 1st Resolution.— Moved by the Bishop of London, seconded by the Earl of Chichester ; •* That the Church of England, in endeavouring to discharge her unquestionable duty of providing for the religious wants of her members in foreign lands, is bound to proceed upon her own prin- ciples of apostolical order and discipline." 2d Resolution.— Moved by Mr. Justice Coleridge, seconded by the Bishop of Winchester ; «* That the want of Episcopal Superintendence is a great and acknowledged defect in the religious 14 RESOLUTIONS OF THE CLERGY AND LAITY. H ! provision hitherto made for many of the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown." 3d Resolution—Moved by John Labouchere, Esq.. seconded by Archdeacon Manning ; " That the acquisition of new Colonies, and the formation of British communities in various parts of the world, render it necessary that an imme- dmte effort should be made to impart to them the full benefit [of the Church, in all the com- pleteness of her ministry, ordinances, and govern- ment." 4th Resolution.-Moved by W. E. Gladstone, Esq., M . P. , seconded by Archdeacon Robinson ; •' That a fund be raised towards providing for the Endowment of Bishoprics in such of the foreign possessions of Great Britain as shall be deter- mmed upon by the Archbishop and Bishops of he United Church of England and Ireland ; that their ].ordships be requested to undertake the charge and application of the Fund, and to name a Treasurer or Treasurers, and such other officers • deuZ^' ''"^"'''"* ^°" conducting the necessary Sth Resolution.-Moved by the Archbishop of Armagh, seconded by the Hon. Sir Edward Cust; " That the thanks of the Clergy and Laity preslnt be given to His Grace the Archbishop of Canter- bury, for calling them together, and for presidin<. on this occasion." ° 15 Colonies 3, Esq., md the IS parts imme- 3 them ; com- overn- ' Esq., ^ )r the >reign leter- )ps of ; that :e the name ^ Beers ssary »p of ;t; 3sent iter- ding No. III. DECLARATION OF THE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS. At a Meeting of Archbishops and Bishops, held at Lambeth Palace, on the Tuesday in Whitsun week, 1841, the following Declara- tion was agreed to by all present : — We, the undersigned Archbishops and Bishops of the United Church of England and Ireland, contem- plate with deep concern the insufficient provision which has been hitherto made for the spiritual care of the members of our National Church residing m the British Colonies, and in distant parts of the world, especially as it regards the want of a systematic superintendence of the Clergy, and the absence ot those ordinances, the administration of which is com- mitted to the Episcopal Order. We therefore hold it to be our duty, in compliance with the Resolutions of a Meeting convened by the Archbishop of Canter- bury, on the 27th of April last, to undertake the charge of the Fund for the Endowment of Additional Bishoprics in the Colonies, and to become responsible for its application. On due consideration of the relative claims of those Dependencies of the Empire which require our assistance, we are of opinion, that the immediate erection of Bishoprics is much to be desired in the following places : — NEW ZEALAND, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN THE VAN DIEMEN's LAND, MEDITERRANEAN, CEYLON. NEW BRUNSWICK, ilL % \ 16 H DECLARATION OK THE SIERRA LEONE, BRITISH GUIANA, SOUTH AUSTRAUA, PORT PHILLIP, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, NORTHERN INDIA, SOUTHERN INDIA. Zealand, offers having ^1^7"'"'"'''''''^ wear to obviate all diffleultv .? ^, """^^ ''^''^ Our next object wJ h . ^ endowment, fo^ the eongreil: A? -^^-'---'arprovision J'^l'ed in the islands of the T. ""'"°''' ^^'^b- 'he countries bordering ^f "^rranean, and in -^jentthatti^irM^tr-'r"'-' '•ender it the most convenipn '""'' ** «i" -* them, as well a^ th ThlT ° ''°'»™»-ation Churches of the East Tl °^' °^*« «"<='■«"' ^or -n, centuries irntTbTLm?^'" '^^ ''-" --5r;e;s::-ffp^eii.dat -'J 'hat its Jurisdic i „ 1 ;/:f t ^^^"'"-'• our Church residingwitL t J- "'^ ^^^^^^^ of in 'his city. throulTie Iti ""*' ^hove specified. '"e Queen Dowager l""""'"" ""'^'"'^ erection, which, when c„l iZ " '" '=°"^«e of Cathedral. "'""P'^'^''' ^'^ form a suitable Our attention will then be directed tn tl, , • The Standing Comn- ;, °"ected to the Countries ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS. 17 ^een made ?ard must STRAUA, DIA, DIA. episcopal ' in New 2 which int. revision I, estab- and in d it is as wijl lication ancient s been ced at iment, ^gyof eified. yesty e of i table itries ieSee named in the foregoinnr lists, without bindhig our- selves to the exact order therein followed, or pre- cluding ourselves from granting: assistance to any place where means may be found for the earlier endowment of a Bisliopric. In no case shall we proceed without the con- currence of Her Majesty's Government; and we think it expedient to appoint a Standing Committee, consisting of THE ARCHBISHOP OF OANTERBURY, THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, THE ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH, THE ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN, THE BISHOP OF LONDON, THE BISHOP OF DURHAM, THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN, THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, with full powers to confer with the Ministers of the Crown, and to arrange measures in concert with them, for the erection of Bishoprics in the places above enumerated. We appoint as our Treasurers, the Hon. Mr. Justice Coleridge, the Venerable Archdeacon Hale, and W. E. Gladstone, Esq. M.P. ; and as Honorary Secretary, the Rev. Ernest Hawkins. For the attainment of these most -.esirable objects, a sum of money will be required, large as to its actual amount, but small when compared with the means which this country possesses, by the bounty of Divine Providence, for advancing the glory of God c 18 DECLARATION OP ARCIIHISFIOPS AND BISHOPS. ). . i! I and the welfare of mankind. Under a deep feeling of the sacredness and importance of this great work, and in the liope that Almiglity God may graciously dispose the hearts of his servants to a corresponding measure of liberality, we earnestly commend it to the good will, the assistance, and the prayers of all the Members of our Church. W. CANTUAR. J. G. ARMAGH. C. J. LONDON. E. DUNELM. C. WINTON. C. BANGORr G. ROCHESTER. E. LLANDAFF. J. H. GLOUCESTER & BRISTOL. J. ELY. E. SARUM. E. NORWICH. T. HEREFORD. J. LICHFIELD. c. ST. David's. p. N. CHICHESTER. R. DERRY & RAPHOE. T. V. SODOR & MAN. We, the undersigned, desire to express our con- currence in the foregoing declaration :— E. EBOR. c. KILDARE. RD. DUBLIN. ROBT. P. CLOGHER. GEO. H. BATH & WELLS. J. ELPHIN. R. OSSORY & FERNS. JAMES DROMORE. RD. DOWN & CONNOR. S. CORK. EDMOND LTMERICK. STEPHEN CASHEL. LUDLOW KILLALOE & CLONFERT. THOMAS TUAM. CHARLES MEATH. W. ST. ASAPH. J. LINCOLN. H. CARLISLE. J. B. CHESTER. R. OXFORD. H. EXETER. C. T. RIPON, G. PETERBOROUGH. H, WORCESTER. GEORGE KILMORE. 1 i •8. feeling ; work, ciously onding ; to the all the I. HOE. con- % ERT. 19 No. IV. FIRST RErORT OF TIIK EriSCOrAL COMMITTEE. The Archbishops and Bishops forming the Com- mittee appointed to arrange measures in concert with Her Majesty's Government, for the erection and endowment of additional Bishoprics in the Colonies and Dependencies of Great Britain, deem it right, at the expiration of a year from the time of their appointment, to report the progress, which, by God s blessing, they have been enabled to make towards the attainment of the great object proposed. In the autumn of last year, Her Majesty was pleased to issue her Royal Letters, erecting New Zealand into a Bishopric, and the Rev. George Augustus Selwyn, having been consecrated* first Bishop of that See, embarked on the 2Gth December in the same year for his Diocese, accompanied by five Clergymen and three Catechists, being candi- dates for holy orders. One-half of the requisite endowment of this See, namely 600Z. a year, will be provided by a special contribution to the fund from the Church Missionary Society, until they shall be enabled to redeem this annual payment by a grant of land producing an equal revenue. This first design being happily accomplished, the Committee then proceeded to take the necessary steps for securing the advantages of Episcopal super- intendence to the Clergy and Congregations of our • On Sunday, October 17, 184i. 20 FIRST REPORT. iiiti i own communion in the Islands and on the coasts of the Mediterranean ; and they have much satisfac- tion m stating that the Queen has been pleased to declare her intention of founding an Episcopal See at OiBRAiTAB, and of nominating the Rev. Georoe ToMLiNsoN to be the first Bishop thereof. Towards the endowment of this See the Committee have appropriated the sum of 20,000^. to be invested in English securities, and have appointed a Sub- committee to solicit special contributions in aid of the Fund to be set apart for this purpose. Her Majesty has also been graciously pleased to sanction the separation of Van D.emen's Land from the vast Diocese of Australia, and to approve of the foundation of a separate Bishopric for the former colony. The Rev. Francis Rossel. N.xok has been called to be the Bishop of this new see. The mam part of the endowment will be obtained by a transfer to the Bishop of the provision hitherto made 5,000i ,n aid has been voted from the General Fund 21 ' '"J-^""™'"^" has been named to colleci n the J'k '"™' 'r P"'"^ ^P^<="'^"y '"'--ted n he well-being of the colony, as may suffice to Tount:^ -e„„e of the Bishop to the required <• .1 /r '"''"^"^ss, and an encouracrement to fur er efforts. Within twelve months fro^m the dat! o the Declaration agreed upon at Lambeth, thre new Bishoprics have been founded; and th Cor^ i-ix„ FIRST BEPORT. 21 mittee of Archbishops and Bishops are now devising measures for the erection of Episcopal Sees in the Colonies of New Brunswick and South Australia. When these arrangements shall be completed, they will proceed to direct their attention to the important Dependencies of the Cape of Good Hope and Ceylon. The Archbishops and Bishops forming the Com- mittee request attention to the following statements, circulated by the several Sub-Committees, of the evils resulting from the want of Episcopal Govern- ment, in four important settlements ; and they take this opportunity of renewing their appeal to all who value their own privileges as me-^' .s of the Church, solemnly calling upon them to forward by their labours, their offerings, and their prayers, a work, which comes recommended by the unanimous voice of the Bishops, and .vhich has for its object the building up of the Church in every country and province of that extensive empire, which the Provi- dence of God has subjected to the dominion of the British Crown. By order. Ernest Hawkins, Hon, Sec, 79, Pall Mall, June 25, 1842. ", f 22 SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE H if' I I No. V. BISHOPRIC OP GIBRALTAR. We, the undersigned, having been appointed by the Archbishops and Bishops who have undertaken to arrange measures in concert with Her Majesty's Government, for the erection and endowment of Addi- tional Bishoprics in the Colonies, to act as a Sub- Com- mittee, with an especial regard to the intended See of Gibraltar, beg leave to request your assistance and co- operation in furtherance of this most important object. When it is remembered that on the shores of the Mediterranean, and within the limits of the proposed Episcopal jurisdiction, there are upwards of twenty- five British congregations ; that, in the cities thus situated— which are the permanent residence of many of our countrymen, and are frequently visited by still more of the higher and wealthier classes, either in pursuit of health or pleasure,— the Clergy and their flocks are wholly without efficient Ecclesi- astical control, and are debarred from the blessing of those ordinances which can be administered only by the Episcopal Order ; when it is remembered, too, that our holy Church is thus placed in humiliating and disadvantageous contrast with the ancient Churches of the East, and those of other nations of Europe, few arguments, it is thought, can be needed to impress on the minds o'f Englishmen the duty of an immediate and effectual exertion to supply this manifest deficiency. The proposed Bishopric of Gibraltar seems to have peculiar claims on the liberality of English Church- BISHOPRIC OF GIBKALTAR. 23 „en. In this case there are T,ot the same loca sources of endowment which are to be found in most of our colonies. There are no Crown Lands, nor Colonial Revenues, either at Gibraltar. Malta or the Ionian Islands, which can be attached as an Endow- ment to the See. , , ^- .» A sum of 20.0002.. including the donation of 2,000i. given by her Majesty the aueen Dowager, has been appropriated from the General Fund to the establishment of the See, and an annua gran of 5002., out of the sums placed at the disposal o the Episcopal Committee, has been guaranteed until an income of equal amount shall be provided from some permanent investment. To raise the sum necessary for this purpose, and thereby to ensure, in the only unobjectionable way. an income ot l,200Z.per annum (the least which can be deemed suitable for a representative of the highest Order o the English Church, or adequate to the expenses ol his station), a further contribution is absolutely required ; for which this appeal, we are confident, will not be made in vain to those who desire to see our Church planted in the perfectness of its consti- tution, and with all its powers of usefulness, in those regions which witnessed the labours of the Apostles. We are, &c. Lyttelton. Geo. Feere George Chandler. John Ryle Wood, Hon. Sec. W. H. Coleridge, Bishop. 79, Pall Mall, May 23, 1842. ft I m M 24 SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE H i No. VI. BISHOPBIC OP VAN DIEMEn's LAND. he Arehb,sl,ops and Bishops a .peeial Committel for a,s.„g subsc„pt,ons in aid of an Endowment for a B.sI,op„c m Van Diemen's Land, take tl>e liberty of applying to you, as one interested in that Colony! bo h for your support and co-operation, and also fo your adv.ee as to the „.ost eligible .node of invest- VVe have the satisfaction of stating that the Government has not only expressed a desire that a See should be founded in Van Diemen's Land, but has consented to endow it in part with ,he prov s on huherto made for an Arohde.eon. From tl's soZ It IS expected (hat an income of 800/. will be de med ; but it is obviously indispensable that a further endowment for the Bishopric should be secured f om some permanent investment. For this purpose th! Trustees of the Colonial Bishoprics LnVh e rfbir'T;'\*''^'°p^''-''^---' "aj, be raised by the exprh'nnc r.f n . „ -^ "^ exertions of those who arp spemlly concerned in the prosperity of the Colony Van D.emen's Land at present forms part of the unwieldy d,ocese of Australia, its capital be'ing dist!n upwards of 600 miles from the seat of the°BiSp The number of its clergy is twenty-one. With a superficies nearly equal to that of Ireland and I population of 50,000, rapidly increasing, f thi I il' BISHOPRIC OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 25 large majority are Churclimen-with its insular position and separate civil government-this province has surely the strongest claims to a Bishop of its own. There is reason to believe that, should the pro- position be liberally met by those interested in the welfare of Van Diemen s Land, there would be no delay in proceeding to the consecration of a Bishop. We are, &c. COURTENAY. EdWARD CoLERIDGE. Joshua Watson. W. J. E. Bennett. T. D. AcLAND, jun. T. W. Allies, Hon. Sec. 79. Pall Mall, May 2, 1842. ifil No. VII. BISHOPRIC OF NEW BRUNSWICK. We, the undersigned, having been appointed by the Archbishops and Bishops who are now arranging measures, in concert with Her Majesty's Govern- ment, for the erection and endowment of additional Bishoprics in the Colonies, to act as a Sub-Com- mittee, with an especial regard to the intended See of New Brunswick, beg leave to request your assistance and co-operation in furtherance of this most important design. The Colony of New Bruns- wick is at present included within the See of Nova Scotia, but the Bishop has long felt, and urged upon the authorities at home, the necessity of hi^ lit !'; 41 26 ii ■| i SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE d v.d,ng he diocese, and plaefng New Brunswick "nder a distinct ecclesiastical head. The province - extent is about 26.000 square miles (ne'rrhe - of Ireland,) and its population, a rapid "^e 3 though of great we.ght in themselves, yet present bu "adequately the grounds upon which he ne essitv fo he establishment of the proposed Bishopric reTtTt distance etween place and place, and' the dScul y the road , the modes of conveyance, and the severity of the chmate during a very considerable portion of cou : '"'^;'"'.°f «°-se, render their mutual inter- course, even with a resident Bishop. less frequent and regular than would be the cas unde oZ circumstances. But the effect of all Z s verJ --sly augmented by the fact that the Bi oITf Wa Seot.a and New Brunswick resides at Hal L and that, with the claims which Nova S.nf f ' h^ time, it is impossible for htfo^lifC Brr and as his Lordship most earnestly desires. oan?ot bf°r ^"?' » '^'^'"'P- f- New Brunswick canno be estimated at less than 1,200^. per annum and th.3 must arise from capital invesfed Zlt manent securitiedthecomm„nie/,j;;;;°"fi';™ed. Tj^eCJerg. - Eeeiesiastica, su/eHrT^" f'" '^e absence of «o«nsel tbey ,„ay refer "'^"'^ ^'"'^ion and '« - how disunion on ./.T"""' '' ^^ ''^^^t P;-emed, unless measu eTbrtT" '"""""^ '^° ''^ Church within it in ^i^JZ^! '«!=-« «"• piantin. our '^^■Ph-ne. The hist r^ C"" "' ''^^ "'d- and -"'e«e„,s may teach s tj T, """-"^ ^^erican '^^ -'•' of a Colony grot „r •'°'" °' ^"""Pating ^g°orance of the benefits ofeffl^-"" '"'''"^'''' -'d in ">«»'• . And all experience conr' '''""'' «°^«^- - ^-^-'ian co,n.Lity l^ f^,^ ^ "P-'on that ^® Je/t Without fl,o ^E BISHOPRIC OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 29 Sress has been ?» ^n the course ^ labourers to n'ness of the '"fs to emi- '^ ^^ie Colony '^ near Ade- ^ others are control has have arisen ^Jned by a ^otninaUy ^nce is so ^ftain, that 5 of Epis- ' «ot con- he CJerffy absence of sion and •ting the difficult IS can be ting our ■der and fnerican ■ipatin and in ■overn- >n that Jt the S counsel and control of a Church in the completeness of her polity. We are happy to inform you that a proprietor of land in South Australia has already offered to build, at his own cost, a church at Adelaide, to endow the Bishopric with land to the amount of 270/. per annum, and to furnish plans, &c. for a Bishop's resi- dence. Other individuals have also contributed gifts of land to the amount of 100/. per annum. We have no doubt that such examples of christian munificence have only to be known in order to be followed. From the Colonial Bishoprics Fund we have obtained a grant of 5,000/., which will yield a further endow- ment of about 400/. per annum. And we trust that, with your kind co-operation and aid, the whole pro- posed endowment of 1,000/. per annum will be speedily provided for the Bishop. We therefore appeal to you for assistance towards the completion of this work, the benefit and utility of which to the interests of religion, and to the per- manent well-being of the Colony, can scarcely be exaggerated. We have the honour to be, &c. H. R. DuKiNFiELD. William Leigh. George Gawler. J. G. Gifford, Hon. Sec. J. Leicester Adolphus. Mai/, 1842. Mf 30 ilf^ I I SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE No. IX. BISHOPRIC OP THE CAPE OP GOOD HOPE. To the Most Reverend and Right Reverend the Archbishops and Bishops forming ll,e Com- mittee appointed to arrange measures, in concert with Her Majesty's Government, for the erection and endowment of additional Bishopries in the Colonies and dependencies of Great Britain. as ?s!rr"'"T"'' '"""°"'^^^" ^PP"-'^'! '° -t as a Sub-Committee with special reforence to the Colon, of the Cape of Good Hope, and havin. fu y "ow to submit the result of the most careful and accurate inquiries that we have been able to make We have regarded our duty as limited to the con- ettlement of a Bishop of the Church of Kngland in the Cape Colony may best be effected. That such Z^:'':l'T'' ' ''-'' *° '' P-'i-tive ofS uie L-oiony, and, m its remoter eon- of the globe, so much neglected, and yet so deeply njured by Europeans, can be accomplished only by ;;;^.w:.^!!ri''!^7", ^'^'^^^^^-^ througU , _^ ,,^ ^,^ fuiiy convinced, that the most BISHOPRIC OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 31 effective mode of spreading Christianity, under God's blessing, is the sending forth among the heathen a Church complete in its organization, and able to com- municate to them the full blessings of the gospel. The Cape Colony, to which the labours of the Bishop would in the first instance be confined, contains within it a territory nearly equal in extent to the whole of Great Britain, and a population, thinly scattered over the greater portion of it, estimated at about 103,000. Of these, about 1 10,000 profess the Christian religion ; and, of this portion, about 70,000 belong to the Dutch Reformed communion, and are, most of them, settled at or near Cape Town. This part of the Colony may properly be called the western division, and was originally colonized chiefly by Dutch settlers and their descendants. There is, however, another, and a very flourishing and increasing portion of the Colony, the eastern division, which has been, within the last twenty- two years, colonized from England, and in which the greater part of the Christian population are either members of the English Church, or connected with the Wesleyan or other denominations; the preva- lence of dissent being caused, in great measure, by the deficiency of regular pastoral care, and of the authorized ministrations of our own Church. The whole Colony is, nominally, under th o charge of the Bishop of Lon- don, but may be con spidered as, practically, under no Ecclesiastical gover.rment, and of all the colonies of the British Empire, that in which the interests of the Church have been the most neglected, and _.i +i,^«f» io fVio rrrf^nfpsf rippA of Eoiscooal suDor- d- > I ! ii I. I ! n2 SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOK THB intendence. We have adverted to these circumstances, inasmuch as they have not only entirely salisfied us as to the necessity for the appointment of a Bishop to this Colony, but have also led us to the conclusion, that it will probably be found expedient that the Bishop, when appointed, should fix his residence in some part of the eastern division, and that his Arch- deacon should reside at Cape Town. Indeed, the salary which is at present appropriated to the Colonial Chaplain at Cape Town, would, probably, bean ample endowment for an Archdeaconry, without any further charge, either on the Government, or on any other fund. By placing the Bishop at Uitenhage, or at Graham^s Town, or in the immediate neighbourhood of one of those places, he would be enabled, in the course of his duty, to visit Cape Town and its district, on the one hand, and on the other hand, would be near enough to regulate and encourage, by his advice and countenance, the exertions of those who are labouring to spread the gospel among the heathen tribes who adjoin the Cape Colony ; whilst he would himself reside in the midst of an English population, prepared to submit to his spiritual authority and to welcome his ministrations. We have not been able satisfactorily to investigate the question respecting the amount of salary which ought to be assigned to the Bishop. He will have to incur the expense of long and laborious journeys in visiting his extensive diocese ; he ought to have the power of exercising decent hospitality, and to be able to devote a considerahl** nnrfmn ^f T.;o :„^ ....-xi. _._. BISHOPRIC OF THE CAPK OP GOOD HOPE. 83 inconvenient pressure, to objects of christian charity. We understand that the salary of a puisne judge at Cape Town is 1,800Z, a year^ Probably, however, the expenses of living, at the place which we have before suggested as proper for the Bishop's residence, are less than at Cape Town. On the whole, we think that from 1,000/. to 1,200/. a year would be not an improper endowment. The next point for our consideration is, in what way the necessary funds are to be raised, and how, when raised, they may most advantageously be m- vested. We conclude that a portion of the fund re- quisite will be derived from the general Fund instituted for the endowment of additional Bishoprics in the Colonies; and, possibly, on a proper representation being made to Her Majesty's Government, they might not be indisposed, if they have the power, to make a grant of land, either freely, or upon advantageous terms of purchase. To these sources should be added funds to be raised by subscription specially opened for this purpose. The only remaining subject is, the proper mode of investing the funds when raised. And, in regard to this point, we are disposed to recommend, that a large proportion of the amount be invested in the purchase of land within the district, upon which the Bishop may reside, and where its possession would provide him and his family with the means of support and hospitality, and enable him to be furnished with pro- •per and convenient means of conveyance, which in the Cape Colony are pecunan i S J I' I ;i 34 BISHOPRIC OF THE CAPE OP GOOD HOPE.' oiBcial Visitations. In so doing, however, care must be taken not to involve the Bishop unneees- sanly i„ secular buwess. This may, probably, be ettected by deputing some trustworthy person, as a land steward, to manage the estates on behalf of the Bishop. We would recommend also that, at the residence of the Bishop, and on the land thus to be p.-ovided a Mission College should, if possible, be established for t le education of the colonists ; and that three or more / clergymen should be placed there, to superintend the establishment, and to be employed in regular circuits through the adjacent country. We are of opinion that the cultivation of the Church lands by the labour of Hottentots, would be a support to the English Mission, not less effective than that which, we are informed, is derived from the same source to the Moravian and other missions in the Colony. But on this and other points above referred to, in particular the question respecting the most desirable n|vestment of money for the object proposed, it is highly desirable to obtain such further information as can be procured only on the spot. And with this view we recommend that Mr. George Frere, who is about to proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, in the service of Her Majesty's Government, and who assisted the Sub-Committee in its deliberations, be requested to make such inquiries in the Colony as «ay enable the Committee of Archbishops and Bishops, in conjunction with Her Majesty's Govern- 1 SECOND REPORT. 35 ment, to take measures for the accomplisliment of this most important design. E. H. Alderson. W. H. Hale, Archdeacon of London, James E. Hope. E. H. Dickinson. RouNDELL Palmer. Benjamin Harrison, Hon, Sec, 79, Pall Mall, Feb. 9, 1843. No. X. SECOND REPORT OF THE EPISCOPAL COMMITTEE, We, the undersigned Archbishops and Bishops, forming the Committee appointed to act, in concert with Her Majesty's Government, for the Erection and Endowment of Additional Bishoprics m the Colonies and Dependencies of Great Britain, adopt this means of making publicly known the success with which it has pleased Almighty God to bless our undertaking hitherto, and the further objects which, in reliance on the same Divine aid, we hope to accomplish. , Two of tht Bishops consecrated for Sees newly founded, have now been for some tirae in their respective spheres of labour. 1 The Bishop of New Zealand has, in a journey of six months by sea and land, completed the first visitation of his extensive diocese ; and reports favour- ably of the progress of religion in those settlements. ^Jlj|j T ff^ii i' jf'i d. 1 1 :i J 'I S6 SECOND REPORT. wecKs at the metropo is of \U ^^« « j /. of Ecclesiastical affairs in each ofT '"P^""'«"''«'>'=« engaged in.i.,,,,,^ se^atci i rwtcTEt"T diotsfai fhf r7;T"''^' ^"^^ ^^"^'^ ^- his remain fo a f J dayfat tf ^ '"'' ""'^^''°°'^ "> order to adminL rTh „• /oft f ^°°' "°^^' '" intermitted in a ..l I ! "°"''™a"°n. so long 4t'a:^::xts^--jpeHoda„,, f"" integrity con^LtiT; "" '''"'"''' ''' ''^- her wid^ia::::!^ '" -^"^ *°"--''^ °^ creasing i„ pop„Liol I u ^''"''' """^ ^^P''-^'^ in- cident chiX : ■ tL'z t '""' ^"^°"' ^ ihe time, however, seems at SECOND REPORT. 37 length to have arrived for the supply of a deficiency so generally felt and acknowledged ; and as a proof of the interest excited in New Brunswick, by the proposal of forming that Province into a separate Bishopric, it may be stated that the Governor, Sir William Colebrooke, has officially expressed his opinion in favouv of such a measure, while the Chief Justice, the Solicitor-General, and other leading persons in the Colony, are exerting themselves to raise a fund towards the endowment. The Special Committee, to whom was entrusted the duty of soliciting Subscriptions on the same behalf in this country, have estimated the necessary income at 1,200/.; but though we are far from regarding such a provision as too great, we shall be prepared" to recommend to Her Majesty's Govern- ment the appointment of a Bishop, as soon as a clear revenue of 1,000/. a-year has been permanently secured A capital sum, therefore, of 30,000/. will be required. The contributions, which had only com- menced in New Brunswick, amounted, at the date of our last despatches, to 2,150/., but a much larger sum was expected ; and the Bishop of Nova Scotia had addressed a pastoral letter " to the Clergy and Lay Members of the Church," recommending a col- lection in aid of the endowment fund, in every Parish and Mission of his Diocese. Having taken these matters into our serious con- sideration, and looking to the great urgency and importance of the case, we have determined to appro- » )l 38 li ! * \M IS 1; 18 SECOND REPORT. pnate a large portion of the fund remaining at our disposal, namely, the sum of 20,000/. towards the endowment of a Bishopric in New Brunswick. Assummg that .5,000/. will be collected within the ITovmce, it will only remain for the Church at home to raise an equal sum, in order to complete this most desirable work. And we cannot refrain from ex- pressmg an ardent hope that the public at large, and especially those connected by trade or property with New Brunswick, will make a new effort to provide the required amount. 2. Attention was directed, in our first Report, to the want of a Bishop in the rapidly-growing settle- ment of South Australia ; and the offer of land which has been made by a zealous proprietor of that Colony renders it especially desirable that no unnecessary de ay should occur in completing the organization of that infant Church. 3. The Bishop of Australia, though lately relieved from the care of New Zealand and Van Diemen's I-and, IS still charged with the administration of a diocese vastly too large for his effectual super- intendence; and he, therefore, in a recent com- mumcation, pleads earnestly for the erection of a Phmip! ^'^"^"^ '" "'' '^''^'"^ ''"'^'"^"' °f P»' n-t '" "^^™^""«'-> ^nd with obvious reason, the Bishop of Calcutta has recommended the subdivision of his own enormous diocese, by the erection of a Bishopric for the Nothern Provin ;e3 of India These claims are all strong and undeniable ; and SECOND REPORT. 39 in commending them to the Christian liberality, not yet, we trust, exhausted, of the mother Church, we xnust not omit to put again prominently forward the not less pressing, and certainly more ancient, claims of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Ceylon. We propose, then, first of all, to recommend to Her Majesty's Government, as soon as the adequate endowment has been secured, the erection of a separate Bishopric for the Province of New Brunswick. We shall afterwards direct our attention to the important Colonial Settlements above mentioned, in the order suggested by the joint considerat.or.s of their intrinsic claims, the offers of assistance, and the probability of success. We must not conclude this statement of our pro- ceedings and plans without expressing our thankfulness to Almighty God for the success which He h. been graciously pleased thus far to vouchsafe to this first Ltematic endeavour to impart the full blessings o our Church to the Colonies of this great empire, and beseeching Him to dispose the hearts of His peop e to carry on to its full completion a work undertaken for the furtherance of His glory, in the extension of the kingdom of His ever Blessed Son. W. Cantdab. C. Winton. B. Ebob. E. Dunelm. John G. Armagh. J- Lincoln. Ed. DUBLIN. G- EOCHESTEB. C. J. London. % 79, Pali. Mall, June 23, 1843. i! U I ii 40 SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE No. XI. BISHOPRIC OF NEW BRUNSWICK. (Second Address.) The Committee appointed to promote the endow- ment of a Bishopric in the Province of New Brunswick from the Second Report of the Archbishops and Bishops, under whose authority they are acting:- Ihe important Colony of New Brunswick, equal in extent to one-half of England, and rapidly i„- ^r:?c;irfTa::r' iz 'r r '°"»^ '"'"°" - omei raster. 1 he time, however, seems at ength to have arrived for the supply of a deficiency so generally felt and acknowledged ; and as a proof of the interest excited in New Prunswick, by the proposal of forming that Province into a separate Bishopric, It may be stated, that the Governor, Sir William Colebrooke, has officially expressed his opinion in favour of such a measure, while the Chief Justice, the Solicitor-General, and other leading persons i„ the Colony, are exerting themselve J raise a fund towards the endowment. th." r? %'"i Committee, to whom was entrusted alf ',^ "'"»" Subscriptions on the same behalf in this country, have estimated the necessary mcomeatl,200/.;butthoughwearefarfromre;ardS such a provision as too great, we shall be prepared t^ recommend to Her Majesty's Government the a^ppoint! ment of a B.hop as soon as a clear revenue of 1,000^. a-year has been permanently secured. BISHOPRIC OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 41 " A capital sum, therefore, of 30,000?. will be required. The contributions, which had only com- menced in New Brunswick, amounted, at the date of our last despatches, to 2,150Z., but a much larger sum was expected ; and the Bishop of Nova Scotia had addressed a pastoral letter ' to the Clergy and Lay Members of the Church,' recommending a collection in aid of the endowment fund, in every Parish and Mission of his Diocese. *' Having taken these matters into our serious con- sideration, and looking to the great urgency and importance of the case, we bave determined to appro- priate a large portion of the fund remaining at our disposal, namely, the sum of 20,000?. towards the endowment of a Bishopric in New Brunswick. Assuming that 5,000/. will be collected within the Province, it will only remain for the Church at home to raise an equal sum, in order to complete this most desirable work. And we cannot refrain from ex- pressing an ardent hope that the public at large, and especially those connected by trade or property with New Brunswick, will make a new effort to provide the required amount." After noticing the wants of other Colonies, the Report of the Archbishops and Bishops proceeds as follows : — « We propose, first of all, to recommend to Her Majesty's Government, as soon as he adequate endowment has been secured, the erection of a separate Bishopric for the Province of New Brunswick." The foreo-oins extracts abundantly testify the great 1 Ih t 42 BISHOPRIC OF NEW BRUNSWICK. importance which the Heads of the Church attach to the erection of a Bishopric in New Brunswick. Nothing is now wanting for the accomplishment of this excellent design, but the comparatively small sum requisite to complete the moderate endowment which the Bishops consider necessary. The object proposed, and now almost within reach IS the planting of another branch of the Church of England among a population of British origin, which IS every year increasir,g by the influx of emigrants from the mother-country. That the Colonists themselves anxiously desire to have a Chief Pastor of the Church resident amon<. them. IS evident from the contributions which they have supplied from their own very limited means or the due support of the Bishopric. It would be sad to think that these should prove unavailing for want ot a brotherly co-operation at horns The Committee, therefore, confidently appeal to all who feel an interest in the welfare of the Colonies and especially to every true-hearted member of the' Church, for such liberal assistance as may at once remove the only existing obstacle to the appointment of a Bishop of New Brunswick. John Lichfield. j^^^ ^^^^^^ j^^^^^ Charles Leslie Cocbtenay. Harry Chester 0.1. Coleridge. Walter B. Riddell. W. P. Wood. Edward Cardwell. 79, Pall Mall, June 28, 1843. Stafford H. Northcote. Henry Tritton. Alexander Hall Hall. V. Knox Child, Hon. Sec. P^ BISHOP OF London's pastoral. 43 No. XII. pastoral letter from the lord bishop of LONDON TO THE CLERGY OF HIS DIOCESE. Uev. Sir, You are no doubt aware, that a Declaration was agreed to by the Archbishops and Bishops of the United Church of England and Ireland, at a meeting held at Lambeth on the Tuesday in Whitsun week, 1841, setting forth the insufficiency of the provision made for the spiritual care of the members of our Church in the distant dependencies of the empire, and the great importance of erecting additional Bishoprics in the colonies. A copy of the Declaration is sent herewith, to which I request your most serious attention. „ ,„ I am persuaded that the accomphshment of the object, which we have in view, maybe ensured, under the blessing of God. if the Clergy will exert them- selves to collect contributions in their respective parishes ; and I am desirous of suggesting, to those of my own diocese, the propriety of commencing that exertion on the first day of the approaching holy Week, in which we commemorate the Death and Passion of our Blessed Lord, and offer up our special prayers for all estates of men in his Ho^r Church, Ld for the gathering together in one fold, under 44 BISHOP OV LONr.ON*S PASTORAL. It is my wish, that you should have a collection Fund " 'Z "^c""'' '" "■' "•■ *^ ^°'--' B-h0P» Fund on Palm Sunday next ; and I would sugge'l * n m,ght be made in the following ma^L. After the Sermon, m which I trust you will explain he objee for which the offerings of your people are sohcted, let the Offertory Sentences be read from the hem that teach m all good things. Whilst these sentences are reading, let the churchwardens, or other persons appointed for that purpose, collect the offenngs of the people, and bring them to the minister, to be by h:m humbly presented and placed upon th Holy Table. Let him then proceed with the prayer or the Church Militant, and with the remainW the Service, according to the Rubric. This revival of the ancient practice of our Church has been a ten^pted an several parishes with great success ; but although I would gladly see it become general, I do not wish to interfere with your discretion i^ the present instance, if you should have good reason for preferring some other mode of making the coUec _^ I conclude, in the words of the Declaration, and under a deep sense of the sacredness and importance of this great work, and in the hope that Almighty God may graciously dispose the I-earts of his servants ---^^na,.^ ...cusure oi iiberajity, I earnestly CO pr p BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIA i: PASTORAL. 45 commend it to the good will, the assistance, and the prayers of all the members of our Church." I am, Rev. Sir, Your faithful Friend And brother in Christ, C. J. London. London Hofsb, 7 th Feb. 1842. P.S. You are requested to remit the amount of your collectioij as directed in the accompanying paper. or No. XIII. TO THE CLERGY AND LAY MEMBERS OP T E ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN THE DIOCESE OF NOVA SCOTIA. Belov > Brethren, It has been my wish for .ome months to address a Pastoral Letter to the Members o^our Communion, upon a subject deeply interesting to all of us. You will join in the hope, that th(^ present, under the blessing of God, r ^ay prove a fit time for the purpose. Although of late many dil^culties have pressed heavily upon the Colonial Clergy, we of the present day are mercifully permitted to behold a large portion of our branch of the CLurch Catholic exhibiting, in all quarters of the world, increased regard for her principles and polity ; and zealously engaged in the , . nn - i^ -.11 ♦!>«?« fnT»^«^«« J'Ti'l value, extension oi uiese, m aii i<*iwir iULxxv^-" - -• 46 BISHOP OP NOVA Scotia's pastoral. n.r : I i t Some of you must be aware of the great injury which, for more than a century, was sustained in this Western Hemisphere, from the anomalous position in which our Church was placed. Although Episcopal in her form and character, she had no Bishop. She was incompetent to the performance of several essential functions ; she had no means for preserving necessary order ; several of her important ordinances were un- avoidably withheld from her members ; and she had to traverse the ocean for the Ordination of her Ministers. These great evils were deeply felt and deplored, not only by the immediate sufferers, but by many of the best and most distinguished men in the Parent Kingdom, who made great and continued efforts to obtain for their brethren in the Colonies the essential benefit of Episcopal superintendence. These efforts were, unhappily, without their due effect, through a long and dreary period ; and the date of their earliest success is so recent, that many of ourselves can clearly recollect the time when a Protestant Bishop first set his foot upon the widely- extended shores of America. Those who shall follow us, will find it most difficult to account for so strange and long-continued departure from the practice of the Apostolic and primitive ages, when the Church was carried at once, in all her fulness, to every place where an opening was made fOr her, by the Provi- dence of her Divine Head. Happily the first Episcopal appointments in the Colonies, after this long delay, have given such evi- dence of their importance, that an earnest desire has I nisnop OP NOVA scottas pastoral. 47 I been awakened for their large increase, of wbicli the most gratifying proofs are pouring in upon us, from a very large portion of the world. The noblest feeling exists in the Parent Kingdom; and a very happy moment has been selected for calling it into action. So favourable an opportunity could not be overlooked by the discernment and zeal of the dis- tinguished Prelate who now fills the See of London. In a letter to the revered Metropolitan, he made an appeal so stirring, that it has moved the hearts of the whole Church. [His Lordship then gives a brief analysis of the Bishop of London's letter to His Grace the Arch- bishop of Canterbury ; and after remarking that " it has led to movements, on behalf of the Church, not inferior in their importance to any which have been made since the Reformation," furnishes an outline of the proceedings at the great meeting of the Clergy and laity, on the 27th April, 1841. He then adds : — ] The division of this unwieldy Diocese, which required the Bishop to travel, by sea and land, ten thousand miles to visit his scattered Churches ; and the consequent appointment of a Bishop for New- foundland and Bermuda, and the division of the Diocese of Quebec at the same time, though a little prior to the movement of the Archbishops and Bishops, were among the early results of the active operation of those principles on which that movement was made. For the first time in the history of Eng- land, the Church has been sent out in her fulness to a 48 BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIa's PASTORAL. Jv.il new Colony ; and the establishment of a Bishop and a body of Clergy in New Zealand was contemporary with the organization of the Colony. A Bishop of our Church has been placed in the Holy City of Jerusalem, to the delight of every pure branch of the Christian Church. Another Bishop has been ap- pointed to the care of the Churches in our several dependencies in the Mediterranean. Another has been sent to Van Diemen's Land. Three Bishops have been sent to the Islands which lately formed the single Dioc.e cf Barbados. The effect of all tb'>. hns happily increased the desire for a much farthc" iixtensioi of such blessinsrs. The next object of th j Fathers of the Church is the e. ection of the extensive and important Province of New Brunswick into a separate See — earnestly hoping, by this measure, to obtain benefit and blessino" for all the members of the Church, not only in that rapidly increasing Colony, but in every part of this Diocese. They well know the hopelessness of ex- pecting the full benefit of Episcopal care and super- intendence, while so extensive a charge as that of the present Diocese of Nova Scotia is committed to a single Bishop. It would ill become me, filling the station which I occupy, to dwell upon the real importance of such care and superintendence ; but there is reality in their importance. Few persons have more reason to know and feel their own insufficiency, than those who, for some time, have filled the office of a Chief Pastor of the flock of Christ. But however great . BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIA S PASTORAL. 49 they feel their own unworthiness to be, they caniiot but know that they are called upon to dispense a treasure, and although it be contained in frail vessels of earth, it is a treasure still. The truly Christian regard which has been mani- fested by our brethren at home, should stimulate every member of the Church in these Cohmies, to his utmost effort in aid of the benevolence which has been exercised for your eternal good. You are now called upon to make such effort, but remember, in the same spirit which has been manifested in the Parent country. There indeed the object has been to promote the Glory of God, and the prosperity of His Church, among distant memhers of the flock of Christ, almost unknown to them. Here the object is to meet such Christian love with grateful hearts, and aid its full success, not for the benefit of distant brethren, but for the welfare, the temporal and eternal welfare of yourselves, and of those who are most dear to you. Well, therefore, may it be hoped, that every member of our flock will consider it not merely an indispensable duty, but a deligh ful privi- lege, to give his most earnest and active regard to the call now made upon him ; and then he will be ready to make even inconvenient sacrifice if such shall be required. The Clero-y will feel it to be their duty, without loss of time, to make known the peculiar demand which is now made upon the best feeling of all ♦he members of the Church ; and I earn, 'tly recommend their endeavours to do this, by affectionate appeals 50 BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIA*S PASTORAL. from the pulpit, followed up by personal communica- tion with all the individuals of their respective flocks. Not one should fail to bear a part, however limited his means may be ; nor should he omit, by faithful prayer, to seek that his humble offering may be made acceptable to God^ through the Divine Mediator. Perhaps some may be inclined to wish that what they almost consider a burthen, could have been pro- vided for from other sources, without calling for any sacrifice from them. Instead of pronouncing harsh and hasty condemnation of such wish, I will acknow- ledge, that there wa^' a time, when, in the fervour of youthful zeal, and from affectionate regard for the members of the Church in these Colonies, I v^as led, not only to desire, but very earnestly to endeavour to procure, the whole of a comfortable support for our Missionaries from England, with little, or perhaps no assistance from their own flocks. Eight years were occupied in this endeavour, and I greatly re- joiced, at the moment, in the attainment of that object in the year 1813. A suggestion was made to me soon afterwards, by a bright and shining light of the Church, the eminently great and holy Bishop Hobart, which I was then ill-prepared to receive. But long experience has convinced me of its wisdom. That amiable Father, with a mingled serenity and an^'mation peculiarly his own, endeavoured to satisfy me, tnat so long as our Church should look for its whole support to the bounty of England, and should be unassisted by our own congregations, she would remain in a state of languor, and her prosperity would be delayed. Since i BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIa's PASTORAL. 51 1 that opinion was given, we have passed tlirouoh severe trials, and liave been almost overwhelmed by apprehensions for their result. Some of our Mis- sionaries and their families have suffered severely, by an unexpected and sudden diminution of the mo- derate income they had been accustomed to receive from the Home Government. This indeed was a most unjust, a most undeserved, and grievous injury, and a subject for our deep regret and sympathy. But the labours of these suffering Clergy (to their great praise) were never diminished by this calamity, and it has pleased God to give them new encourage- ment from another source. An holy feeling has been awakened among our people, which is now uniting them with their spiritual Shepherds, and with all the members of the great body to which we belong, hovv- ev^jt separated from each other. They are learning at fast to appreciate their religious responsibilities. They have been led already to give a portion of their time, and care, and contributions, to the Church ; and an affectionate sense of their duty to her has been animated and strengthened. Nor is it too much to hope that such feeling, by the blessing of God, will be extensively increased, till the support of the Church will no longer be deemed a burthen, but a delight. Already we have some earnest of such blessing. Within the last few years more progress has been made — more zeal has been manifested by our people — more Churches and Parsonages have been built, or commenced — and more provision has been made for the support of the Clergy (small BISHOP OP NOVA Scotia's pastoral. Hi and insufficient as it stiil is) than were ever hoped for by the most sanguine in the preceding quarter of a century. In all this we trust that we behold a return to first principles and primitive love. The people of God in the earliest ages were accustomed to bring their free-will offerings for those who ministered a*t the altar. Such holy dedication of a good portion of his substance was the joy of the pious Israelite. Under the more perfect and more glorious dispen- sation of the Gospel, the same principle and the same affection were maintained, and produced similar re- sults, of a higher and more spiritual character. If, then, we had nearly forgotten the duty and the' privilege, which were performed and enjoyed by the ancient people of God, and by the first followers of the Saviour, we may rejoice that the clouds of that ni^ht in which the forgetfulness of sleep was upon us, are' now breaking away, and we are permitted to see the dawn of a happier day. Nor can we reasonably doubt, that if it were in our power to obtain a full support for our Church and Clergy, from some extrinsic source, without any effort, or any contri- bution from ourselves, it would be unwise to accept the seeming advantage. Our love would wax cold —a bond of holy unity would be lost ; our Church would languish ; and hikewarmness, and indifference, and irreligion, in various measures, would be the' certain effects. I must claim you? indulgence while adverting to myself, in the mid.fc of considerations of such high I .^-> to of BISHOP OF NOVA SCOTIa's PASTOKAL. 53 importance as those which are now before you. Urgently as 1 am pressing for the means of dividinLr this large Diocese, the attainment of the object wiH not be unattended by circumstances of real sorrow to myself. The union with all the portions of my extensive flock has been of a holy and endearing character; aad the tie which thus unites us canno't be severed without pain. The affectionate inter- course which it has been my happiness to enjoy with my brethren in New Brunswick, who are very dear to me ; and the solemn employments in which we have often been engaged when together, will remain subjects for my grateful and happy recollection ; but in proportion to the happiness of those remembrances, must ; the pain of the reflection, that such inter- coux^e and such engagements will no longer form a portion of my joy. The welfare of the Church and your highest interests demand the sacrince ; and therefore I am bound, not only to submit to it, but, as far as 1 have power, to forward it. From thi? ^opic I gladly turn to the particular encouragerie >. which has been afforded to your best exertions in this holy cause. The sum of 10,000/.* was quickly allotted, by the Archbishops and Bishops, from the General Fund, for the endowment of a Bishopric in New Brunswick. More than 2,000/. have already been added, by a/ew zealous members of the Church in that province. A most respectable and efficient sub-committee have been formed in London for the furtherance of this special object, * This grant from the General Fund was afterwards doubled. I 54 BISHOP OF Salisbury's pastoral. by whose exertions it will be greatly aided and ac- celerated ; and if God shall permit the present appeal to reach the hearts of all the members of the Church throughout the Diocese, we cannot, we dare not doubt, that, in a few months, sufficient additions will be made to the endowment to obtain the creation of the new See, and the appointment of some able and devoted servant of God to the important charge. In the full exercise of such comfortable hope, beloved Brethren, I heartily bid you God speed in this holy undertaking, and am, with fervent piayers for your continual guidance and blessing from above, Your faithful and affectionate friend, John Nova Scotia. Halifax, April 25, 1842. f No. XIV. PASTORAL LETTER FROM THE LORD BISHOP OF SALISBURY TO THE CLERGY OF HIS DIOCESE. Rev. AND Dear Sir, It has long been my wish to invite the Members of the Church within my diocese to show their zeal for the service of God, and to express their sympathy with our brethren abroad by joining in a common contribution, on some appointed day, for the purpose of aiding in the foundation of new Bishoprics in our Colonies. Jt would set m hardly presumptuous to say that the ■■'■"«i BISHOP OF Salisbury's pastoral. 55 t special blessing of Almighty God appears to have been vouchsafed to that extension of the Episcopate which has already taken place in the foreign de- pendencies of the British Crown. And we are thus encouraged to further efforts, in order, in the first place, to render the establishment of our Church, in the fulness of its polity as well as in the purity of its doctrine, co-extensive with the empire itself; and then to endeavour to carry it wherever a way is opened to us to preach the glad tidings of salvation in the name and for the sake of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. The erection of Bishoprics in New Brunswick, in Ceylon, at the Cape of Good Hope, and in our new settlements on the coast of China, as well as the further subdivision of the vast dioceses of India and Australia, may be said to be now waiting only for those resources which the members of the Church at home could easily supply. I am well assured that both the Clergy and Laity of my diocese will gladly give effect to the expression of my wish, that a collection be made for this purpose in every church on the third day of March, being the second Sunday in the ensuing season of Lent. An opportunity will thus be offered for uniting with the penitential exercises of that sacred season, an appropriate act of self-denying love; and of calling the attention of your congregation to the want of chief shepherds in the Church abroad on one of the days specially appointed and set apart for the admission of its Ministers to their holy office. 56 BISHOP OF Salisbury's pastoral. I do not wish to prescribe to jou any particular mode of making the collection. You are aware of my opinion that the most solemn and suitable mode of receiving the alms of the congregation on occasions of this kind is that which marks them most distinctly to be an offering to God, in that they are collected during the reading of his Holy Word, are humbly presented by his Minister on his Holy Table, and have his blessing invoked upon their use by special prayer. But nevertheless there are considerations which may very reasonably indispose some of the Clergy to adopt this course at the present time, how- ever they may approve of it in the abstract ; and we must not magnify to others or to ourselves the" importance of that which, though best, is not essential ; or show contempt or indifference for the opinions,' feelings, or prejudices of others. I wish, therefore! with these remarks, to leave this point to the exercise' of your own discretion. But if there be any difference in the mode of col- lection, let there not be any in the feelings with which this tribute of grateful devotion is offered to God, and with which He is supplicated to bless and further all our efforts for the extension of the bng- dom of his dear Son our Lord. May He dispose the hearts of his servants to enter into the meaning of the words, '« Freely ye have received, freely give.''' May He teach us to cherish the spirit of unity in united acts of faith and love. May He heal the wounds and remove the imperfections of his Church at home ; r 1 BISHOP OF SALISBURY S PASTORAL. r A 57 and so build it up abroad in purity and perfectness that it may be a meet Temple wherein He may delight to dwell. I remain, Rev. and dear Sir, Your affectionate Servant and P ♦•other, E. Sarum. Palace, Salisbury, Jan. 19, 1844. P.S. You are requested to give notice of your intention to make a collection in conformity with this letter, and to remit the amount as directed in the accompanying paper. No. XV.— COLONIAL BISHOPRICS FUND.— Receip TS i Wf i . i; ii £ t. rf. £• * d. SPICCIAL FUNDS; Donations and Sub- scriptions : — For New Brunswick 224 5 o Ceylon 57 Cape op Good Hope 41 fi South Australia 325 H China 112 10 760 6 6 New Zealand 1,102 6 Tasmania 135 q q Gibraltar 2,938 1 7 4,175 7 7 GENERAL FUND:— ' Donations received 43,731 n 4 ^^j^i jj 4 Instalments outstanding 16,603 9 8 Total amount promised 60,335 l Bishop of London's Pastoral Letter 8,192 6 7 Annual Subscriptions 657 2 6 Interest on Exchequer Bills 2,06117 6 Dividends on Stock 671 6 4 11,582 12 n ii £60,249 18 4 t i:iPTs #^ h .!>». 1 md Ta^ \iENTS,/ro S41, /o Jinte 1843. 59 New Zealand: £ v. r/. Passage ami Outfit 1,000 Insurance on Books and Sacramental Plate, &c. for the Use of tli' See 350 Consecration Fees 20 7 2 Bishop, one year and a naif, to April, 1813. 900 £ s. (I, Tasmania: Outfit Furniture and fixtures for the See Armorial Patent Consecration Fees Bishop, one year, to August, 1843 Gibraltar: Outfit, and Furniture for the See . Armorial Seal Consecration Fees 7.'0 350 80 14 20 8 8 400 500 18 16 6 20 3 Bishop, one year, to March, 1843 1,200 General Fund: Expenses attending Public Meeting, Report of Proceedings, &c Printing Resolutions, Reports, Pastoral Letter, Lists of Subscribers, &c Advertisements Treasurers' Clerk and Collector Stationery, Postage, and incidental expenses 89 3 2 157 13 143 10 10 80 66 5 5 Capital Purchased: £19,756 15*. lid., 3^ percent. Reduced (in part of the endowment for the See of Gibraltar) 20,000 £55,200 Exchequer Bills £57,012 9 6 £22,700 ditto sold £23,421 13 5 33,590 16 1 2.270 7 2 1,601 2 8 1,738 19 6 536 12 5 £32,500 ■ BALANCE at the Bank of England - 53,590 16 I 512 6 £60,249 18 4 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) & ^ 1.0 I.I ■44 128 |2.5 ^ Ufi 12.0 12.2 » 1.25 |u ^ < 6" — ► v] <^ /^ ^> PnrsfrwTPQrinir" Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^q ,V '^ o rv o^ '4S^1^ '^ A* %> % €£s A 4 i4».m^*iu>^e'mam j'.^^;. ■r-^c,*;.^.s 60