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AEMY..- ].s:o. i '^^-a^-:-5H;:' .<:'• , ■■■■ '^i, - w ■- V^ -i^) X- •••• •,«..a«j ••••.•^* •,••*«•• *« ••• ••• •*.• ••'••• • »♦.••' ••••*./• • . ' ' . <• • •* «• • • .♦ * • • ,• ,» • • « - • • » A • • * > • • • • • ,♦ Mk. ■•zh BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 254 Fifth Avknuk, A^eu> York City, Oct. 20, 187G. Dear Sir : By request, I prepared a brief Biographical Sketcli of Major-General Richard Montgomery for the Convention of Auth- ors and Antiquarians wnich met at Pliiladelphia to commemo:ate the Centennial day (July 2, 187(5) of the Signing of 'he Declara- tion of our Independence. Since then I liave visited Quebec, and have carefully examined all the localities connected with the assault of that city, December 31, 1775. To present the results of these observations, and to correct some errors fallen into on supposed good authoritVi I have re-written the whole Memoir, which T now present to you with the request that you will return to me the previous imperfect copy, if I sent you ore. Yours veiy respectfully, Geo. W. Cullum, Bvt. Major-General, U. S. Army. 1870, ■Vtl-iiW'^'ii-itS-^ tef !S^i>:i-imiiSS:'i: ^i'JtjiillA^ii^^ '92 3.5; "rr. mmmmmmmm'm ."■■V* ■ v JiikillillfflfliailiMaiii I iiiKin ...-.a V »^,. »' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF Miiil IMP ION OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY, WHO FELL IN THE ASSAULT OF QUEBEC, DECEMBER 3L 177;: BY GEORGE W. CULI.UM. mf BREVET MAJOK-GENERAti TI. 8, ARMY. 1876, I'M*- l*ff?. E M .1 MAJOR-GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY. On the last day of the year preceding that of our Declaration of Independence, there fell one of the noblest martyrs to liberty — Majok-CJenkraf, Richard Montgomery — whose death was mourned by friends and foes, and whose memory, after the lapse of a century, still lives in the grateful hearts of the millions of freemen of this giant Republic, whose foundation was sprinkled with his blood. Richard Montgomery, the second son of an Irish baronet, was born December '^, 17J}8, at Conway House, his father's country seat, near Raphoe, in the north of Ireland. After receiving a liberal education at Dublin College, he, in his eighteenth year, entered, September ^1, 1750, the iJritish Army, as an Ensign of the Seven- teenth Infantry, being soon after called to the field. Fortunately for America his caieer opened here, and not in the Seven Years' War of Prussia. In 17r)7 his regiment was ordered to Halifax, and the next year took part, under the immediate command of General Wolfe, in the capture of Louisburg, the American Gibralter guarding the entrance to the St. Lawrence from the Atlantic. During the invest- ment and siege of this great fortress, one of the most noted monuments of French power on this continent, young Montgomery showed such heroism and military capacity that he was promoted to be a Lieutenant, July 10, 1758. The news of Montcalm's bloody repulse of the British attack upon Ticonderoga, July () miles by ihe circuitous route to Oswego and down Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence; the second, under Haviland, by the "•■Some ye;irs since, tlie Literary ami Historical Societ of (Jiicbcc, piiblislieil an Kxtract from a Manuscript Journal, relating to the Operations before (.Miibec in 175'.), kept by (!olonel Malcolm Krazer, then Lieutenant of the 7Htb (Krazer's Highlanders), a d serving in that canipainit. L'mler date of August '2'M, 175'.), is recorded in the Journal ; " We were ^inforced by a party of about 110 Light Infantry, and a company of Rangers, under the command of Captain Montgomery, of Kennedy's or 43d Regiment, who likewise took command of our detaclimeut, and we all marched to attack the vd- lage to the west of St. Joachim, which was occupied by a jiarty of the enemy to the number of about ■JOL), as we supposed, Canadians and Indians. * '■' * There were several of the enemy killeil and wounded, iuid a few prisoners taken, all of whom the barbarous Captain ^lontgomery, who com- manded us, ordered to be butchered in the most iithuman and cruel manner." The JOditorof the publication, not content to let the Journal speak for itself, appended a note stating that the C^aptain Montgomery here spoken of was " '/7/c Leaiier of the fo) :<' , lT(i;5, and confirmed Britain's possession of an empire in North America. In these two campaigns of 17<>1 and lT'»*-2, in the deadly climate of the West Indies, Mont- gomery had his full share of toil and danger, reaped fresh laurels as a brave and accomplished soldier, and won his promotion. May 'i, lT(lt>, tc a full Captaincy in his regiment. Soon after the official announcement of peace, the Seventeenth Infantry returned to New York, and Montgomery obtained ])ermis- sion to revisit Europe, where he remained fo' he next nine years, selling out his commission, April 'i, liT'-i. Of the reasons for his leaving the British Army, and his occupation during this period of mili- tary inactivity, we have few details. But we know that he w;\s inti- mate in England with the brilliant Burke, the fascinating Fox, and the bold Barre, his fe^' \v British soldier wounded at Quebec, all of whom, in Parliament, wei =• the ardent advocates of America in her severe struggle against the oppression of the mother country. Doubtless the influence of this distinguished trio gave form and pressure to a mind already in sympathy with the colonists, with whom he had stood shoulder to shoulder in five eventful campaigns. Montgomery, no longer in the British service, returned to Amer- ica early in IT I"}; purchased a farm at King's Bridge, near New York ; soon after married Janet, the eldest child of Judge Rob- ert R. Livingston, and then moved to Rhinebeck, on the Hudson, where he followed his new vocation of agriculture with that zeal and intelligence which characterized all his actions. Here, though a for- eigner, he quickly gained the confiaence of liis neighbors, and so proved himself equal to the exigencies of the times that, in Aj^ril, 1775, he was elected a delegate from Dutchess County to the first Pro- r vincial Convention held in New York, of which he was a useful, modest and taciturn member, not having acquired the modern mania for speech-making. But the forum was not his sphere, and fortu- nately he was called to a higher and more congenial field of action. The Continental Congress having resolved on armed resistance to the oppression of the mother country, elected, June 15, 17'75, George Washington commander-in-chief of all the colonial forces, and Horatio Gates, adjutant-geneneral; on the ITth, Ward, Lee, Put- nam and Schuyler, major-generals; and on the 22d, Pomeroy, Mont- gomery, Wooster, Heath, Spencer, Thomas. Sullivan and Greene, bri'g- adiers. Of the three selected from those who had been ofificers in the British army, Montgomery, though perhaps inferior to Charles Lee in quickness of mind, was much superior to both him and Gates in all the great qualities which adorn the soldier. The high distinction conferred upon him by the supreme authority of the colonies, without his solic'tation or privity, was ac- cepted by Montgomery with his characteristic modesty, a patriotic sense of duty, and a strong presentiment of his swift-coming fate. Writing to a friend, he says: "The Congress having done me the honor of electing me a brigadier-general in their service, is an event which must put an end for a while, perhaps forever., to the quiet scheme of life I had prescribed for myself: for, though entirely un- expected and undesired by me, the will of an oppressed people, compelled to choose betiveen liberty and slavery, must be obeyed.'' From that hour he was no longer a Briton, but, with heart and soul, devoted himself to the service and glory of the land of his adoption, Ticonderoga and Crown Point had been captured by Colonel Ethan Allen and Seth Warner, in May, It 15, thus giving us the com- mand of Lake Champlain, when Cj ngress, aware that Canada was weakly defended and had a large discontented French population, wisely resolved upon the invasion of that province, thus' to prevent its becoming a base of hostile operations against us by the armies of Great Britain. According to the plan of campaign devised by General Washington and Doctor Franklin, Generals Schuyler and Montgomery, at the head of a body of New York and New England troops, were to seize Montreal, the approach to which was barred by the strong fortifications of St. John's and Chambly, on the Sorel, the outlet of Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence, while Arnold marched through the wilderness of Maine. --,_,- .• -- On the ^(!th of August the movement began down t'^e placid waters of the beautiful Champlain lake, which, for nearly two centu- ries, had been tlie scene of long campaigns and desperate battles. On the <>th of September the invading army appeared before the first % >3 of these barriers, effected a landing, and defeated an Indian ambus- cade; but Schuyler, deceived in regard to the strength of the garri- son of St. John's, and the disposition of the Canadians and Indians, fell back to Isle aax Noix, which he commenced fortifying, and then hastened to Ticonderoga for reinforcements. In reporting these transactions to Congress, General Schuyler says : '' I cannot estimate the obligations I lie under to General Montgomery for the many im- portant services lie has done and daily does, and in which he has had little assistance from me, as I have not enjoyed a moment's health since I left Fort George, and am now so low as not to be able to hold a pen." In consecjuence of this sickness Schuyler retired to Albany, the command of the whole invading force devolving upon Monigomery, who hesitated not a moment, but abandoning his island in- trenchments was, on the 18th of September, aga'n before St. John's, of which he began the investment and siege. Having accomplished the first, as best he could, he began the latter, but soon he found his mor- tars defective, his artillery too light for breeching, his ammi.imion scanty, his artillerists unpracticed, his engineer incompetent, the ground too wet and swampy for trenches, the weather cold and rainy, malaria producing much sickness, and his troops disaffected and in- subordinate. To escape these unfavorable circumstances, Montgom- ery proposed to move to the north-west side of the fort, where the ground was hrm, and from there to make an assault ; but the troops re- fused to second their leader, and to crown his embarassment, the ex- pedition of the restless Ethan Allen against Montreal had terminated, September 25, in the capture of himself and many of his detach- ment. At length, however, Montgomery by his firmness and address succeeded in carrying out his views of moving his camp to the higher ground, and soon after, December I'-i, Colonel Bedel, with Majors Brown and Livingston, captured Fort Chambly, which, being twelve miles lower down the Sorel, had been left with a feeble garrison. This was an important event, as large supplies of ammunition, artillery and military stores fell into Montgomery's hands, which enabled him to press the siege of St. John's. This strong work capitulated Novem- ber 3, after a vigorous defense of nearly seven weeks, all hope of succor from Governor ('arlton having been destroyed by his defeat, October 31, at Longueil, by he detachment under Colonel Warner. Immediately the Americans pressed on towards Montreal, which was abandoned, November 12, to tne triumphal entry of Montgomery; but Governor Carlton, disguised as a peasant, escaped in a canoe with muffled paddles, passing on a dark night the American batteries and armed vessels without observation, and reached Quebec, on the liUh, i 8 to the great joy of the garrison, who placed every confidence in his well known courage and ability. When the news of Montgomery's brilliant success reached Congress, he was promoted, December 9th, 1775, to be a Major-General ; but his untimely death prevented his ever receiving the just reward of his merits. Though now master of one of the most important keys to Cana- da, not a moment was to be lost in gaining i)ossession of the other, for, as Montgomery wrote to Congress, " Till Quebec is taken Canada is unconquered." Notwithstanding the severity of the weather, the de- sertion of many troops, the insubordination of officers, and a multi- tude of discouragements, he led on his band of three hundred patriots over frozen ground and drifting snows, keeping alive their hopes, and cheering them on to endure every hardship, by his own noble exam- ple of self-sacrifice and hero'C devotion to his adopted country. Soon, November 17, he learned that the adventurous Arnold had conipleted that memorable march — one of the most wonderful on record — with his ha'f-starved, freezing army, through deep swamps, trackless forests and tangled ravines, over craggy highlands and diffi- cult portages, and down the rushing rapids of the Kennebec and the Chaudiere. After a brief delay before Quebec, Arnold marched up the St. Lawrence to join Montgomery. On the 1st of December the two heroes met at Pointe oux Trembles, twenty miles above the city, Montgomery taking command of the combined force, now only nine hundred effective men, with which, on the -Ith, in the face of a driv- ing snt^wscorm, he marched on Quebec, and Oii the 5th, after a slow and excessively fatiguing march, reached St. Foye, establishing his headquarters at Holland House. He was now in sight of the goal of his ardent wishes, to reach which for three months he had endured every species of toil and suf- fering. In his brief campaign, almost unsurmountable obstacles had been overcome, and victory after victory had crowned his heroic 'efforts. Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Forts St. John's and Chambly, Montreal, Sorel and Three Rivers had all been captuied by less than an ordinary brigade of American recruits, whose march seemed irre- sistible, and whose prowess spread terror everywhere. The Canadian peasantry believed them invincible and ball proof, by a curious mistake they being represented as "incased in plate-iron" — vetus en tdje, instead of 7'etus en toile — clothed in linen (the shirt uniform of Morgan's riflemen.*) IS .J ♦ In the early part of the Revolution part of the troops assumed the dress recommended hy Washington — a hunting ^hirt and long gaiter bveeuhes — made of tow cloth steeped in a tan vat until it reached the color of a dry leaf. This was called the shirt uniform, or rifle dress, and was supposed to carry no small terror to the enemy as the insignia of a thorough marksm.in, "^ 9 The Red Cross of St. George now floated solitary on the ram- parts of Quebec, for Levi, Sillery, St. Foye, Lorette, Charlesbourg, the Island of Orleans, Beauport, and every inch of British territory around the city were in possession of the invaders. It was a proud moment for Montgomery when he contemplated all this, and sur- veyed the historic grounds around him — in front, the Plains of Abra- ham, where Wolfe and Montcalm had joined, September \'.), IT")!), in their death struggle; on either side the battle field of St. Foye, where six months later, April 2H, 1T()0, the vain-glorious Murray had nearly lost all that British valor had won ; and beyond, with its clustering associations of nearly two centuries, the fortress capital of Canada, whose capture would perhaps crown him conquerer of British America. Quebec, at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and St. Charles rivers, in 1775, was divided into the Upper and Lower Town, the former, occupying much the larger area, being perched upon the sum- mit of a huge, high rock, and mostly enclosed with formidable fortifications on the brow of its precipitous ?ides, while the latter comprised a narrovv', low fringe of land, of unequal width, between the base of the rock and the banks of the two rivers. This citadel of British power was provisioned for eight months, was armed with two hundred pieces of heavy artillery, had a garrison of 1,ass, when Captain Laws, at the head of ."^OO of the garrison, sortied from the Palace Gate, cutting off the retreat of the Americans, nearly four hundred of whom were captured, the remaining survivors having escaped across the ice covering the Bay of St. Charles. At the same time that Arnold's division began its march, Mont- gomery, who could not be dissuaded that the commander-in-chief should not expose his life in the advance, descended from the Plains of Abraham, at the head of his column of less than three hundred, to the cove where \V'olf landed in lioi), and then led his forlorn hope, in Indian file, cautiously along the margin of the St. Lawrence toward the very narrow pass of jPres de Vi/le, having a precipice towards the river on one side, and the scarped rock extending up to Cape Diamond on the other. Here all further api)oach to the Lower Town was intercepted by a barrier, and the defile, only wide enough for two or three abreast, was swept by a battery of three-pounders loaded with grape, placed in a block-house. At daybreak, Montgom- ery's approach was discovered by the guard and Captain Barnsfare's gunners, which had been kept under arms awaiting the attack which "ifflPM 13 they had reason to expect from rc^vts of deserters; and, as liad been previously concerted, the Amt. cans were allowed to approach unmolested to within fifty yards. Mo.'tgomery, while the rear of the column was coming up with the ladders, halted to reconnoitre in the dim dawn darkened with the driving northeast storm. Do eived Ijy the silence of the t-nemy, who, with [)ort-fircs lighted, were eagerly watching for his approach, Montgomery cried out to his little hand, as soon as about sixty were assembled : " Men of New York ! you will not fear to folk w where your general leads; march on, brave boys! Quebec is ours! " and then ruslied boldly to charge the battery, over the drifted snow and blocks of ice, some of which he cleared away with his own hands, to make room for his troops. The enemy, waiting for this critical moment, discharged a shower of grape and musketry, with deadly precision, into the very faces of the assailants. Mont- gomery, pierced with three balls, his Aide, Macpherson, the gallant Captain Cheeseman, and ten others, were instantly killed. For sev- eral hours after the repulse of the American column Carleton was uncertain as to Montgomery's fate ; but a field officer among the cap- tured troops of Arnold's detachment recognized among the thirteen frozen corpses, lyin}^ as they fell, in their winding sheets of snow, the heroic leader of the Spartan band.* Through the courtesy of Carleton, the commanding-general of the British forces, the body of Montgomery was privately interred, January 4, 1770, at the gorge of St. Louis bastion. His short and and light sword, of which he had thrown away the scaMird, was found near him by Jari.es Thompson, overseer of public wcvLs in the royal engineer department at Quebec, who, dying at the age of ninety-eight years, bequeathed it to his son, who in turn willed it to his nephew, James Thompson Harrower, who has deposited "this famous escalibur," for safe keeping, in the mu- *The oft-repeated story that A.iron Hurr attempted to carry .nway the body of ^Iontgonlery lias been handed down by 'I'mmbiiU's pencil, and recently renewed with much ex.iggeration in Par- ton's biography of liim ; nevertheless, we believe it to be an error, and even doubt whether he was with .Montgomery's column, though bis friend, Matthew I,. Davis, generally accurate in his state- ments, says, "(leneral Montgomery |wheii he fell| was within a few feet of C'aptain Burr." I'urr, disguised as a Catholic priest, had been sent by Arnold to convey to ^[ontgonlery, when at Montreal, the information of his near approach to (Quebec. Pleased with Hurr, Montgomery temporarily attached him to bis staff, and had designed that be should lead, with forty men, an as- sault upon Cape Diamond bastion. When this first plan was frustrated by its being discbised to the enemy by a deserter, Hurr probably joined his old commander, believing more glory was to be gained under the impetuous Arnold than under the brave but cautious Montgomery. In confirmation of this is Arnold's own letter to Ceneral Wooster, i/ritten from the hospital where he lay wounded, and while the assault of (,)uel)ec was yet in progress. He says : " The last accounts from my detach- ment, about ten minutes au they were pushing toward the lower town. ****** 'I'lie loss cf my detachment belmc 1 left it was about twenty men killed and wounded. Among the latter is .M.ijor Ogdeti, who, with Captain Oswald, Caf>fiiin Hurt\ and the other volunteers, behaved extremely well." 'I'liis certainly implied that Burr was with Arnold's column, and not with Mont- gomery's, which was a mile away. I'ossil)ly Burr assisted Arnold to the hospital, but certainly he did not move Montgomery's body from where it fell and was found, " two jiaces from the brink of the river, on the back, the arms extended," close to Cheesman and Macpherson, and two privates. u seum of the I-iterary and Historical Society, at Morrin College, Quebec. " Brief, l)ravc, and glorious was his young career, — His mourners were two hosts — his friends and foes ; And fitly may the stranger lingering here Pray for his gallant spirit's bright repose ; For he was Kreedom's champion, one of those, 'ihe few in number, who had not o'erstept 'I'iie charter to chastise which she ])eslows Un such as wield her weapons ; he had kept The whiteness of his soul, and thus men o'er him wept." Looking now upon the aitack of Quebec simply as a problem of engineering, it is ([uestionable whether the false attacks should not have been real, and the latter feints. By the plan adopted, Mont- gomery and Arnold had each to force their way, for about a mile, through the Lower Town, during a violent storm, by narrow, obstructed defiles, and amid dark, intricate passages, among store-houses, boats, wharves and snow drifts, at the same time being harassed by a constant plunging fire of a continuous line of fortifications, which could not be silenced ; then to make a second attack by either escalading the walls, or forcing one of the gates of the Upper Town ; and perhaps even a third attack upon the redoubt which then occupied the site of the present citadel — ^/iree extremely difficult and dangerous opera tions; whereas, had Diamond bastion and the incomplete line of de- fenses fronting the Plains of Abraham, between it and St. John's Gate, been simultaneously assaulted, the Upper Town would probably have been carried, and then the Lower Town would have offered no resistance — o/ie not extremely hazardous operation, considering the state of the garrison and the extent of the works to be defended against clashing, desperate men. Doubtless it was expected that the storm and darkness would prevent the discovery of the march of the columns, but the event proved what ought to have been expected of a vigilant garrison, cotnmanded by an observant and thoughtful officer, who, in fact, knew of the intended attack eight days before it was . made. Soon after the troops were in motion their approach was known by the sentries, and before they had reached the first barrier every bell in the city was tolled, the drums beat to arms, the inhab- itants were running to the market place, and every soldier was at his post, ready with cannon and musket to repel the assailants. The death of Montgomery made a profound impression, both in Europe and America. The Continental Congress proclaimed for him " their grateful remembrance, profound respect, and high veneration, and desiring to tra.ismit to future ages a truly worthy example of mtm JMi HUnlflilltil 15 )llege, patriotism, conduct, boldness of enterprise, insuperable perseverance* and contcm|)t of danger and death," caused to be executed by Caf- fieres, scuilptor of Louis XVI, a monument of white marble, of the most beautiful simplicity and graceful proportions, with emblematic devices, and a classical inscription written by Franklin, which, since ll-S'.l, has adorned the front of St. Paul's church, in the city of New York. Forty-three years after Montgomery's death his remains, of which the skeleton was found complete, by a resolution of the Legislature of the "^tate ">f New York, were removed from Quel)e'-, and buried, July 8, L*^lo, near the cenotaph erected by Congress to his memory. As the body was borne down the Hudson river, the steamer, as directed by Governor Clinton, paused before " Montgom- ery Place," near Barrytown, where the widow of the hero resided, and who thus describes the mournful pageant : "At length they came by with all that remained of a beloved husband, who left me in the bloom of manhood, a perfect being. Alas! how did he return.' However gratifying to my heart, yet to my feelings every pang I felt was renewed. The pomp with which it was conducted added to my woe; when the steamboat passed with slow and solemn movement, stopping before my house, the troops under arms, the Dead March from the muffled drums, the mournful music, the splendid coffin can- opied with crape, and crowned by plumes, you may conceive ny anguish. 1 cannot describe it. Such voluntary honors were never before paid to an individual by a republic, and to Governor Clinton's munificence much is owing." Of Washington's thirteen generals, elected by the Continental Congress, some were mere sabreurs, many incompetent, and several effete from sickness or age ; two only — Schuyler and Greene — could be compared to Montgomery, and neither of these was his superior in character, attainments or military experience. Of such materiel as Montgomery, Napoleon made the marshals of his Empire, for he was as intrepid as Ney, as steadfast as Macdonald, as fearless as Massena, as prudent as Soult, as resolute as Davoust, as self-poised as Suchet, and as impetuous as Lannes, ever ready to lead in the fore- front of battle to do or die for his country. It must be ever lamented that a spirit so elevated and so devoted to the cause of liberty should have been sacrificed, in the bloom of manhood, in a conflict so une- qual and so hopeless of success. Winkelried met not a more glorious death, nor did Austriatf •pij^es; a(. Seiippjidv^>ier(;e;ac 'braver heart than that of the nobl^VijiXrJtxr, H.Prps'cfeiiyi]'^,". .wpfthy to rank among the first of heroes and.patrjots ♦ # • «■ ( • ■ * • • • < k; Montgomery was the enibodiinent of tlic true gentleman and chivalrous soldier: high- horn, handsome in person and athletic ii, form, graceful and simple in manners, modest and taciturn in sjieech, generous and frank in disposition, lo\ ing to kindred and fond of his fireside, of sanguine temperament tinged with melancholy, cultivated in taste and studiinis of books, self-reliant and of sound judgment, faithful to duty and zealous in its performance, just to all for a high moral sense was his guide, firm of will in carrymg out his convic- tions, true to friends and generous to foes, brave as a paladin and the soul of honor — he united every manly attribute to the gentleness and affection of woman. His letters to hi:; wife, amid all his dithculties and sufferings, are those of a knightly lover, sighing and longing to worship at the altar of his household gods. Though a soldier from boyhood, he de- lighted in the calm pursuit of agriculture, and reluctantly bade adieu to his "(luiet scheme of life " only because "the will of an oi)pressed people, compelled to choose between liberty and slavery, must be obeyed " When he resumed his sword in the cause of our inde- ))endence, he shrank from no danger, evaded no responsibility, ener- getically performed every duty, imparted his own confidence and courage to all about him, won the love and esteem of his soldiery, and tempering authority with kindness, checked insubordination, re- moved discontent, and converted a disorderly band of turbulent free- men into a disciplined army of patriots. He was truly a "servant of humanity, enlisted in its corps of immortals," and his heroic end was the amaranthine crown to his useful and unsullied career. " Death made no conquest of this con(|ueier, For now he lives in fame, though not in life." ■ • • • J ■ »• * *^ • ' • • • ^*i.iHHI*4i*»M«. :ntleiii;in and d athletic ii, irn in speech, I fond of his ly, cultivated id judgment, ill for a high t his convic- adin and the intleness and ufferings, are •rship at the hood, he de- y bade adieu m oppressed ry, must be 3f our inde- ibility, ener- fidence and his soldiery, dination, re- rbulent free- " servant of heroic end reer. nt^MlllDim^' '^■mm> mmm