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 US*- 
 
 TWO CHAPTERS 
 
 IN THE LIFE OF 
 
 F. M., H. R. H. EDWARD, 
 
 DUKE OF KENT. 
 
 WILLIAM JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 L. R. C. SUKGEONS, EDIN., VICE-PRESIDENT QUEBEC LITERARY 
 AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 " To hold as 'twere the mine/ up to nature." 
 
 (Read before the Society y IrfCJ.) 
 
 OTTAWA: 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & COMPANY, 
 1869. 
 
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 TWO CHAPTERS 
 
 IN THE T.IFE OP 
 
 F. M., H. R. H. EDWARD. 
 
 DUKE OF KENT. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM JAMES ANDERSON, 
 
 L. R. 0. SURQEONS, EDIN., VICE-PRESIDENT QUEBEC LITERARY 
 AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 " To bold as 'tware the mirror up to nature." 
 
 CRead before the Society, 1867.) 
 
 ts 
 
 OTTAWA: 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE * COMPANY. 
 
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 27 Rue Buade, 
 
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I'll, i.' 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 One of the objects of the Literary and Historical Society 
 of Quebec, is the prosecution of researches into the early 
 history of Canada, and the recovering, procuring and pub- 
 lishing interesting documents and useful information in con- 
 nexion with the natural, civil and literaiy history of British 
 North America. Having, during the past year, been in 
 professional attendance on the late Lieut.-Colonel de Salar- 
 ijeny, Deputy Adjutant General of the Province, and the 
 son of that distinguished Canadian soldier, Lieut.-Colonel 
 . Charles Michel de Salaberry, whose name is inseparably 
 connected with Canada as the Victor of Chateauguay, I had 
 many opportunities of conversing with him on that great 
 exploit, as also on the general career of his father. Seeing 
 that I felt so much interest in the subject, Col. de Salaberry 
 
 E laced in my hands certain letters addressed to his father 
 y the late Duke of Kent, and I was thus enabled to pre- 
 pare a paper which I read before the Society. 
 
 After its publication in the "Transactions" of the Society, 
 it became known that there had been placed in my hands 
 by Col. de Salaberry and his younger brother Charles, a cor- 
 respondence between the Duke of Kerit and members of the 
 de SalabeiTy family, extending from 1791 to 1818, and a very 
 general opinion was expressed by friends whose opinion I 
 valued, that I should not rest with the publication of the 
 paper which I had read, but should undertake to write a life 
 of the Duke of Kent, based on the materials in my pos- 
 session. 
 
 It has been said that when personal character and habits 
 form the principal subject of interest, a stranger stands at 
 too great a distance to give the portrait a faithful outline or 
 correct coloring, and that a true one can be only pourtrayed 
 by him whose friendly intercourse gave opportunity of 
 marking the peculiar characteristics of the subject. This is 
 undoubtedly to a certain extent true, but it will also be ad- 
 mitted that he who writes his own biography often discloses 
 traits of which no other person is cognizant, and gives an 
 into his own character which might not othei-wiso 
 
 insight 
 
 51340 
 
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 jl 
 
 be obtained, and that by lettcix, wc may truly be brought, 
 a.s it were into personal correspondence with the distant and 
 the dead. 
 
 The Duke of Kent was an al)le and voluminous correspon- 
 dent, and from the care with which his letters have been 
 j)reserved, has thus unconsciously become his own biogiu- 
 pher; but this biography hjis hitherto been confined to the 
 limited circles of the families or friends of his correspon- 
 dents, and the few of his letters which have been published 
 in his life by the Rev. Ei^skine Neale, have only ex- 
 cited a desire to sec more. 
 
 I feel that the valuable correspondence which ha,s been 
 placed in my liands, has furnished abundant matter for 
 wilting a life; but, after mature deliberation, I have deter- 
 mined simi)ly to hold the miiTor \i\} to nature, making my- 
 self a, mere amanuensis ; nothing extenuating and withhold- 
 ing nothing, but giving the true photograph. In the present 
 publiciition I propose to give the whole of the letters in my 
 ])OSsession, not merely all in number, but the contents, 
 merely filling up tlie narrative where it is obviotis some con- 
 necting statements are reqxiired, and I feel that I can do 
 this without the slightest hesi+ittion, assured there m^U not 
 be found in the correspondence of the Duke of Kent a 
 single expression calculated to offend tlie mosft refined taste, 
 but that every letter will furnish an additional proof of his 
 princely nature and the high and generous (jualities which 
 he invariably brought to bear in his intercourse with his 
 fellow men. 
 
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 THE DUKE OV KENT. 
 
 i't\ ' r» I 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Birth— -Childhood — Early Education — Military Training— Lune- 
 berg — H anover— Geneva — Gibraltar. 
 
 '-■(V 
 
 . t. 
 'V-.' • ' 
 
 
 " Still on the spot Lord Marmion staid, 
 
 For fairer scene he ne'er surveyed, 
 The wandering eye could o'er it go, 
 
 And mark the distant city glow 
 In gloomy thunder red, 
 For on the smoke, wreathes huge and slow, 
 
 That round her sable turrets glow 
 
 The morning beams were shed. 
 And tinged them with a lustre pro«'d, 
 
 Like that which streaKs a thunder cloud ; 
 Such dusky grandeur clothed the height, 
 
 Where the huge castle holds its state 
 And all the steep slope down. 
 Whose ridgy back heaves to the sky, 
 
 Piled deep and massy, close and high 
 w ...;«U. ji; Mine own romantic town." — 
 
 <i^ 
 
 ifarmion. 
 
 On the evening of Thursday, 11th August, 1791, His 
 Majesty's ships "Ulysses" and"Resohition," seven weeks from 
 Gibraltar, and having on board the 7th Royal Fusileers, 
 commanded by His Royal Highness Prince Edward, rounded 
 Pointe Levis, when there burst upon the view one of the 
 most charming scenes the eye could dwell upon. On the 
 right was the end of the beautiful Island of Orleans, — the 
 Isle of Bacchus of Cartier, — studded with the white cottages 
 of the habitants, embowered in trees ; on the opposite side 
 of the north channel, on the main land, was seen the snow- 
 wliite Fall of Montmorenci, from whence the shore trended 
 with a gentle curve to the mouth of the River St. Charles, 
 or Little River. From the Falls, a long straggling line of 
 white cottaf^s, skirted the road to the pretty village of 
 Beauj)ort, beyond which rose a lofty range of wooded heights 
 stretcliing on to Ancient Lorette. On the left, formliig the 
 
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 south shore of the basin rose the picturesque Pointo Levis, 
 and at the head of the basin, between the Little River and 
 the mighty St. Lawrence stood prominentiy forward Ca[)e 
 Diamond, rising abruptly from tne water to the height of 
 three hundred and forty-five feet, sumiounted by the Citadel, 
 and the " steep slope down " piled with public and private 
 Imildings, the tin roofs of which glittering in the setting sun, 
 gave an appearance of fairy land. The scene wius most, 
 calculated to impress with pleasurable sensations the Prince, 
 who duiing his whole life shewed a high relish for the 
 picturesque, and who wtis doubly interested where, every- 
 where he turned, his eye rested on gi'ound rendered cltissic, 
 by the militar}' operations of Wolfe and Montcalm. 
 
 Prince Edward Augustus, the fourth son of George the 
 Third, was then in the twenty-fifth year of his age, having 
 been l)orn at Buckingham House, on the 2nd November, 
 1707. The month, says the Rev. Ei*skine Neale, was gloomy 
 November, but there was gloom also in the Palace, Edward, 
 Duke of York, the favorite brother of the King, was then 
 lying in state in his coffin, and was buried the following 
 day, and the Prince was christened on the 30tli of the same 
 month, and was named after his decejised uncle. 
 
 At an early peri<^)d of his life, he was placed under the charge 
 of Mr. Fisher, subsequently Canon of Windsor and Bishoj) of 
 Exeter and Salisbury, and to this happy circumstance he was 
 indebted ^or a training which told on his future life, enabling 
 him to meet heroically, if not to sunnount many difficulties, 
 and to bear with Christian fortitude and equanimity the 
 injustice and mortifications to which he was so long sub- 
 jected. He was noted in childhood (and the child was 
 father to the man) for a fmnk and generous disposition, and 
 according to his tutor the love of truth was in him, paramount 
 to every consideration. ^ ^ ^*^t 
 
 •" In the eighteenth year of his age he chose the profession of 
 arms, and was sent to Luneberg in Hanover, to prosecute 
 his studies under the Baron Wangenheim, whom he has 
 described as " an arbitrary and inflexible governor," and " a 
 mercenary tyrant," who enforced with unrelenting severity 
 the wearying and mechanical details of parade and drill. 
 
 Luneberg is described by Mr. Neale, as a wretched 
 poverty stricken place, suiToundedby ague breeding marshes, 
 and without society. No wonder then that the Prince was 
 disgusted with his profession and the world ; and that he was 
 delighted when at the close of the year he was removed to 
 
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 Hanover, though, as he afterwards said, " it was a change 
 of scent', but with it came no remedy of existing evils." 
 
 We are also told that the Baron, whose whole soul was 
 divided between drill and the accumulation of money, did 
 not hesitate to approjmate to himself under one pretext or 
 other, the greater portion of his allowance, restricting bin poc- 
 ket money to one guinea and a-half per week, and to prevent 
 his remonstrances reaching his father, a rigid espionage 
 was established, his letters were intercepted, and his conduct 
 misrepresented, so that, again to use his own language, " my 
 letters never having reached the King, ho was displeased at 
 my apparently undutiful conduct, I was described to him as 
 recklessly extravagant, and much of the estrangement 
 between my royal parent and myself — much of the sorrow 
 of my after life — may be ascribed to that most uncalled for 
 sojoum in the Electorate." 
 
 The Reverend Erskine Neale has very justly observed 
 that in Germany the soldier is not a man but a machire, 
 not a living being with hopes, aspirations and opinions of 
 his own, but an automaton. His life, one never ending 
 parade, he marks the successive changes of existence, by 
 drills. Such the British soldier never can become, and the 
 attempt to make him such wcjld inevitably ensure mutiny. 
 There can be no doubt, that had it not been for the good 
 seed sown in a kii. lly soil in early youth, all that was good 
 and amiable in his nature would have been eradicated by 
 the vicious system of training to which he was subjected in 
 Germany ; — as it was, it left its impress on his character 
 and accounts for the unpopularity which for a time rested 
 on his name among the British soldiery, and all must agree 
 with Mr. Neale, that the lesson thereby taught is indisput- 
 able, " The British Prince must be trained and nurtured on 
 British groundr 
 
 On the 30th May, 1786, he was g zetted Colonel in the 
 ■Ajfniy by brevet, shortly after elecc^d a Knight of the 
 Garter, and in October, 1787, by His Majesty's command, 
 was transferred to Geneva, a welcome, and in many respects, 
 change for the better ; but still he had a morose governor, 
 instead of a parental tutor, a man who made it his sole study 
 to receive and retain all he could of his allowance for main- 
 tenance. He, however, had now the pleasure of forming 
 the acquaintance and enjoying the society of English gen- 
 tlemen of his own age, but not having the means of com- 
 manding even the indulgences which they were allowed — 
 
If IN 
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 he incurred debis by borrowing money to procure them ; but 
 at length, " wearied out by petty and peipetual espionage, 
 thwarted on most occasions by the Baron; chaftd by ever 
 lecuiTing annoyances arising from th><^ position he had to 
 maintain, with the stinted allowance assigned him, he 
 resolved to visit England. He was now of age ; \, ritten 
 remonstrances he had found unavailing, and he hoped a 
 personal appeal to his father might secure an impartial 
 hearing and redress." 
 
 In January, 1790, he arrived in London, without previous 
 intimation, and took up his quarters at an hotel, where he 
 A'as at once visited by the Prince of Wales, who took him 
 to Carlton House, where they were immediately joined by 
 the Diike of York, who undertook to communicate his 
 arrival to the King, Dire was the wrath of the King, his 
 displeasure was inexorable. Prince Edward had returned 
 without his sanction, therefore he refused to see him, and in 
 a few days sent him peremptory written orders under seal 
 to proceed, within twenty-four hours, to Gibraltar, and only 
 admitted him to his presence for a few minutes on the night 
 before his departure. Thus, after an absence of six years 
 from his family, he was debarred all opportunity of giving 
 explanation, or laying open his embarassments, or even of 
 soliciting the King to gi'ant him the usual and necessary 
 
 outut. aw m'ii ■>■>■ ,:-,L!-j'i "■^j'm-' rii. >;.^.'- vu,>ii.'«i *; yj .;>'i7A5".-iiiSi9^ 
 On th6 iii'st of February, with wounded feelings and 
 insulted affections, he quitted England, and on his arrival at 
 Gibraltar, was compelled to provide for his domestic estab- 
 ment at enormous expense. H^ was, however, rid of the 
 " Old Man of the Sea," Wangenheim, and was placed by the 
 Governor, General O'Hara, under tha kind tutc age of Colonel 
 Symes, p man of genero"s qualities, who considerately made 
 stforts to relieve him from his embarrassments, tiiough, 
 unfortunately, without success. But, to his great delight, 
 he was now appointed to the Colonelcy of the 7th Boyal 
 Fusileers, then forming part of the garrison, and had thus 
 an opportunity of carrying out the ideas of military duty 
 which had been instilled into him in Germany, and as a 
 consequence, the strict discipline which he enforced, though 
 he faithfully subjected himself to it, made him unpopular with 
 the men. Yet it is on official record, that "the Prince's general 
 conduct has been perfectly to the satisfaction of General 
 0'Har&, and haa met the approbation of the whole garrison." 
 And it is further testified, that of all the officers^ he had 
 
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LijiiMiiiimii. 
 
 ^•«WA..;.i'<*.fty.. 
 
 shewn himself the most attentive and diligent in the din- 
 charge of his public duties, " as well as the most regular 
 and temperate in his private hours," Unfavorable represen- 
 tations had however been made at home, as to the dLsaffec- 
 tion prevalent among the Fusileers, and in consequence he 
 was ordered to embark with them for Canada. ^^ , 
 
 Before his departure from Gibraltar, a splendid /eie was 
 given by his brother officers, to shew their regard for " their 
 comrade and fellow soldier," which was gratefully acknow- 
 ledged by Sir Robert Boyd, in general orders, who was 
 directed to say " how flattering to His Royal Highness this 
 mark of their attachment had been," 
 
 Though owing to tlie very limited, or rather totally 
 inadequate allowance, which had been made to him by his 
 father, his debts had been increased during his sojourn at 
 Gibraltar. He left that fortress, bearing in his bosom good 
 will to those he left behind, and animated with brighter 
 hopes for the future, the voices of his comrades still sounding 
 in his ears, singing the concluding verses of a song composed 
 for the occasion. 
 
 *' For Royal Edward leaves us now I ,*; a- ; 
 'Twas he who taught ua how to bear j ;, 
 The soldiev's toil, the leader's care, 
 Yet cheered fatigue v'ith festive hours, ' 
 And strewed life's rugged path with flowers. 
 
 Ye breezes softly waft him o'er 
 To brave the cold Canadian shore, , tj . 
 
 To spread afar his rising fame, , , . 
 
 And make his own a glorious name." 
 
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 Under these favorable auspices Edward commenced his 
 |voyage to America, which terminiited as has been described 
 it the commencement of this chapter. 
 
 
 2 
 

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 ■)■ 'A 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
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 I i 
 
 I 
 
 Quebec — Habits— Society — Desertion and Mutiny — Free School — 
 De Salaberry Family — Addresses — Departure for the West 
 Indies. 
 
 1791 TO 1794. ^ '" 
 
 The " Quebec Gazette " informs us, that on the Saturday- 
 following his arrival, His Royal Highness Prince Edward 
 received at the Castle of St. Louis, the officers, civil and 
 military, of the garrison, the clergy, merchants, etc ; and 
 in the afternoon, the ladies of Quebec, were introduced; 
 and that on Thursday, 18th August, an address was pre- 
 sented to him from the inhabitants, to which he made the 
 following reply : — 
 
 " Gentlemen, — I request you will be fully convinced how 
 grateful I must feel myself for the very flattering sentiments 
 you have expressed towards my pei'son. 
 
 " I am anxious that during my stay in this country, my 
 conduct may prove I am deserving of them, 
 
 " Nothing will give me greater pleasure than if I should 
 be fortunate enough to find an opportunity of being per- 
 sonally serviceable to you — tilMhen, gentlemen, I hope you 
 will remain fully persuaded of my gratitude and esteem." 
 
 This may appear mere language of course, but time proved 
 they were the genuine sentiments of his heart, and many a 
 Canadian can testify to their ])ractical fulfilment. 
 
 The Prince at once entered on his military duties in con- 
 nexion with his regiment and the garrison, with that 
 ardour which always distinguished him, and ako 
 joined in the society of the place " with gracious and en- 
 gaging condescension," shewing marked courtesy on all 
 occasions to the French Canadians, with several of whom 
 he associated on terms of the most kindly intimacy. He 
 delighted in musical reunions and organized a society of | 
 amateura, of which the late Chief Justice Sewell, an accom- 
 plished violinist, was leader. Though duty required his 
 daily presence in the city, after some time, in accordance 
 with his taste for rural life, he took up his residence at 
 Haldimsmd House, at the Falls of Montmorenci, from 
 
 i iii. 
 

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 •nwfiwf^^' ' 
 
 11 
 
 -Free School — 
 for the West 
 
 the Saturday 
 rince Edward 
 ers, civil and 
 nts, etc ; and 
 e introduced; 
 dress was pre- 
 ;h he made the 
 
 convinced how 
 ring sentiments 
 
 lis country, my 
 
 than if I should 
 y of being per- 
 aen.. I hope you 
 and esteem." 
 
 but time proved 
 sirt, and many a 
 ent. 
 
 y duties in con- 
 ison, with that 
 im, and also 
 racious and en- 
 30urtesy on all 
 Bveral of whom 
 >■ intimacy. He 
 zed a society of 
 ewell, an accom- 
 Lty required his 
 3, in accordance 
 his residence at 
 itmorenci, from 
 
 whence he drove into town every morning. He soon became 
 very popular, and the Quchec Gazette informs us that on the 
 2nd November, being the first anniversary of his birth aftei 
 his arrival, a ball was given at the Castle of St. Louis, and 
 the city was generally and splendidly illuminated in honor 
 of the day. i-'- /'vr... '':■._•..■ v'--^;;:...., ; 
 
 Brown autumn was passed, and winter reigned supreme, 
 and its "joys " were fully entered into, and the terms on 
 which he had already placed himself with one of the 
 Canadian families will bo understood from the following 
 letter, translated from the French: 
 
 : i "Quebec, 1st March, 1792. ,i 
 
 " I am in despair, my dear De Salaberry, that we will not 
 have the pleasure of seeing yt)U here to-day. I am more 
 pained to know the cause, but I hope it will not result in 
 anything serious. Keep yourself cheerful, have a little 
 patience, and do not venture out till you are completely 
 recovered. The moment you inform me the roads are 
 passable, I will not lose an instaDt in repairing to Beau- 
 port with Madame de St. Laurent, who joins with mo in 
 assuring you of those sentiments of distinguished considera- 
 tion and esteem, with which I am always your most devoted 
 and faithful '^M- :■ ■:rr^-'':^: .:ui-':''^:-iH^%v ' 
 
 "Edward, Col. E,. Fusileers. ' 
 
 "P. S. — Many compliments from myself and Madame de 
 St. Laurent, tr Madame de Salaberry and your charming 
 family." 
 
 A Mon'r. , :;i*.-^-:'>'f <v'^'. j'- '-'/ ■■■•'■ -'■••'}'>• '<^.^fi>'d 
 
 M. Louis de Salaberry, i''^^'!jr-i!- ■- t,'- i. ;-i'';=:-'^.k?-; .,■;:'^i>|-'': ,^- 
 
 Beauport." f 
 
 This letter pffords the opportunity of introducing the 
 entleman to whom it was addressed, and who, with his 
 mily, will occupy a prominent part in this narrative. 
 
 M. Louis Ignace de Salaoerry, Seignior of Beauport, was 
 escended from a noble ftimily in the Pays de Basque, his great 
 
 cestor having been ennobled on the field of Coutras in 1557, 
 y Henry Quatre,for a deed of daring and clemency performed 
 
 der his eye. " Force a superb, Mercy a foible^ said the 
 onarch, " shall be thy device," and it has continued to be 
 
 to the present day. Michel de Salaberry, the father of 
 
 'jouis, arrived at Quebec in 1735, in command of the French 
 
 ti'igate " VAnglesea" and the archives of Notre Dame de 
 
 eauport show that he was married on the 13th July, 1750, 
 
 tr> Demoiselle Madeleine Louise Juchereau Duchesnay, 
 
.Mt^ 
 
 i ■ 
 
 ! j 
 
 t 
 
 : I' 
 
 11 
 
 12 . •■ •■•■•;;;,:■- 
 
 daughter of the deceased Seigr.Ior ; on the 5th July, 1752, 
 is recorded the baptism of Louis Ignace. Captain de Sala- 
 beiTy took an active part in all the operations preceding the 
 conquest; and at the age of seven his son Louis witnessed, 
 from the General Hospital, tlic battle on the Plains of 
 Abraham, which decided the fate of Quebec and Canada, 
 On the cession of Canada to Great Britain, Captain de 
 Salaberry transferred his allegiance, and became a British 
 subject. He sent Louis to France in 1760, to prosecute his 
 education, from whence he returned to Quebec in 1768, and 
 finished it at the Seminary, He was of great height and enor- 
 mous strength, and the " Canadians of old " delighted to tell 
 of his wondrous feats ; and, though a man of great courage, 
 he w.as gentle to his friends and courteous to all, aixd by 
 every action of his life illustrated the motto of his family. 
 His loyalty was proved many times, and he received, on four 
 different occasions, wounds in engagements with the Ameri- 
 cans ; during the war of 1775 lie was severely wounded by 
 the explosion of a shell in Fort St. John, and in the follow- 
 ing year was severely wounded by a musket ball in the 
 knee. In 1778 he married Demoiselle Catherine Hertel de 
 Rouville, but continued to serve till the close of the war in 
 1783, when he retired to his home, and, in consideration of 
 his services and his wounds, a pension as Lieutenant was 
 gi-anted him for life. He was living happy and respected in 
 the bosom of his family at Beauport when the Prince ar- 
 rived in Canada, and a warm attachment sprung up be- 
 tween them, and the Prince was a constant, almost a daily 
 visitor, showing a strong attachment and delighting in the 
 society of the children, of whom M. de Salaberry had then 
 several, boys and girls, ? f.h.. ; r . t • . -.k.;?-? e- r v^ 'kaM^ 
 
 It may not be out of place to remind the reader here, that 
 at the time we are speaking of, Canada had been under 
 British nilo a little over a quarter of a century, and British 
 society, though very much improved from what it was in 
 ' 1766, when General Murray sent in to the Imperial Gcvem- 
 ment his report, was still very far from what it ought to be. 
 ^ What it was in 1766, let General Murray say : — " The whole 
 population of Canada exclusive of the king's troops, amounts 
 to 72,275 souls, of which in the parishes are nineteen | 
 families, Protestants. The rest of that persuasion (a few || 
 half-pay officers excepted) are traders, mechanics and pub- 
 licans, who reside in the Lower Town of Quebec and Mont- 
 real. Most of them are followers of the army, of mean 
 
 iifiiPMiMii 
 
^ 
 
 July, 1752, 
 tain de Sala- 
 preceding the 
 is witnessed, 
 lie Plains of 
 and Canada. 
 Captain de 
 me a British 
 prosecute his 
 c in 1768, and 
 ight and enor- 
 elighted to tell 
 great courage, 
 to all, aixd by 
 of his family, 
 ceived, on four 
 ith the Ameri- 
 y wounded by 
 in the foliow- 
 et ball in the 
 rine Hertel de 
 of the war in 
 onsideration of 
 Lieutenant was 
 md respected in 
 . the Prince ar- 
 sprung up be- 
 almost a daily 
 Blighting in the 
 herry had then 
 
 eader here, that 
 hiad been under 
 iiry, and British 
 what it was in 
 nperial Gcvern- 
 i it ought to be, 
 :—" The whole 
 troops, amounts 
 s are nineteen 
 psuasion (a few 
 lanics and pub- 
 ebec and Mont- 
 army, of mean 
 
 
 18 ■ ■' "■':}'";; 
 
 education, or soldiers disbanded at the reduction of troops, 
 All have their fortunes to make, and I fear few are solicitous 
 about the means, when the end can he attained. I report 
 them to be in general the most immoral collection of men 
 I ever knew ; of course little calculated to make the new 
 subjects enamoured of our laws, religion and customs, and 
 far less adapted to enforce those laws which are togove' n." — ■ 
 " The Canadian noblesse were hated because their bii*th and 
 behaviour entitled them to respect, and the peasants were 
 abhon-ed because they were saved from the oppression they 
 were threatened with." — " The improper choice and number 
 of the civil officers sent out from England increased the 
 inquietude of the colony. Instead of men of genius and un- 
 tainted morals, the very reverse were appointed to most im- 
 portant t)fficeSj and it was impossible to communicate 
 through them those impressions of the dignity of the 
 government, by which alone mankind can be held together 
 in society. The Judge fixed upon to conciliate the minus of 
 75,600 foreigners to the laws and government of Great 
 Britain, was taken from a gaol, entirely ignorant of Civil 
 Law, and of the language of the people. The Attorney 
 General, with regard to the language of the people, was no 
 better qualified, the offices of Secretary of the Province, 
 Registrar, Clerk of the Council, Commissary of Stores and 
 Provisions, Provost Martial, &;c., &c., were given by patent 
 to men of interest in England, who let them out to the 
 highest bidders, and so little did they consider the capacity 
 of their representatives, that not one of them understood 
 the language of the natives." 
 
 It is painful and mortifying to find such a record, but it 
 lias been written for our instruction, and perhaps even in 
 the present day, we may profit by it. But it ought to be 
 known that though the evils pointed out were peculiarly 
 felt in Canada, where there was such a vast disproportion in 
 number and so great a dissimilaiity in religion and language 
 between the two races, that the system was not exceptional, 
 but was that generally adopted in that day by England 
 towards all her colonies. — Men notorious for their profligacy, 
 entirely ignorant of the art or science of government, men 
 who could not govern their own evil passions, were thought 
 good enough to govern any colony. 
 
 Society was somewhat improved in 1791, men of integrity 
 and ability filled the Crown offices, but they were not 
 exempt from the prejudices of the school in which they had 
 
 ȣ: 
 
..A**"' 
 
 il 
 
 1 
 
 ! t- 
 
 been educated. Hear what a recent w riter, Mr. I'onnings 
 Taylor, describes it to have been ; — " Such sentiments and 
 the preferences to which they led, were not as well approved 
 of by the French subjects of the Crown, as they were by the 
 Crown itself. To them the refugee immigrants were " Anglo- 
 Americans," and as such they were only known as encroach- 
 ing neighbours and aggressive enemies. Thus the new sub- 
 jects and the new settlers discovered that they were more 
 obnoxious to each other than were the original races from 
 which they had sprung. Their past history accounted for 
 their present aversion. French and English power, whether 
 in Europe or America, had always been exhibited in a state 
 of strife, and time out of mind the youth of both countries 
 had been carefully educated according to the canons of 
 enmity. There was, moreover, a theological element in the 
 quarter which tended to intensify this mutual aversion. 
 The Anglo-Ajnerican abhorred the religion of Rome. The 
 Franco- American detested that of the Refonnation. Public 
 reverses had in an unlooked for way, brought these ancient 
 antagonists together, and thus men who had fought in op- 
 posing armies, and fostered every description of quarrel, 
 were now elbowing one another as neighbors, sitting side by 
 side, residents of the same country, subjects of the same 
 crown, and competitors, hut not on equal terms, for the same 
 honors." 
 
 The Prince, with intuitive sagacity, saw this state of 
 things, and his goodness of heart, high sense of justice and 
 sound policy, induced him to strive to conciliate and to avoid 
 in every way offending the feelings or prejudices of " His 
 Britannic Majesty's beloved Canadian subjects." 
 
 Nothing can better show the kindly intercourse existing be- 
 tween him and one Canadian family, than the following let- 
 ter — " Hurrah ! huiTah ! hurrah ! a thousand rounds in honor 
 of the charming /Sowr/sand thenew-born. In truth my head is 
 full of joy, and my hand trembles so much thdt T can scarcely 
 hold my pen. And it is another boy ! How I \dsh that I 
 was one of those powerful fairies who were able to bestow 
 their gifts in such profusion ; how the d(3ar child should be 
 endowed. Unfortunately all this is but an illusion, but 
 never mind, something has said to me that the pretty little 
 fellow has been born under a happy star, kiss him for me, 
 my dear friend, and toll him this prediction of his god- 
 mother. O ! no ! I was never so happy in my life. I have 
 tills moment sent the news to our dear Prince. It is needless 
 
*»ll»^> 
 
 iMr. I'onningFi 
 Jntiments and 
 Iwell approved 
 \y were by the 
 were " Anglo- 
 \n as encroach- 
 the new sub- 
 |iey were more 
 al races from 
 laccounted for 
 lower, whether 
 dted in a state 
 both countries 
 ;he canons of 
 ilement in the 
 tual aversion, 
 f Rome. The 
 ition. Public 
 these ancient 
 fought in op- 
 on of quarrel, 
 sitting side by 
 3 of the same 
 ?, for the same 
 
 this state of 
 
 of justice and ^ 
 e and to avoid 
 udices of "His 
 s." 
 rae existing be- 
 
 foUowing let- 
 unds in honor 
 ith my head is 
 T can scarcely 
 [ \ Irish that I 
 bble to bestow 
 ild should be 
 
 illusion, but 
 3 pretty little 
 s him for me, 
 
 of his god- 
 life. I have 
 It is needless 
 
 ;-;.--..." ■ ■ Id ' 
 
 to await his reply to assure you how delighted he will bo. I 
 know his sentiments too well to have any fear in expressing 
 them. Mrs. Staunton will excuse me, and I will go to Be.au- 
 port to day about seven o'clock ; to-morrow I will go again 
 and every day ; — Ah ! I wish it could be this every instant 
 of .ly life. I reserve it to myself to congi-atulatc M. de 
 Salaberry in person on the happy event, in the meantime I 
 embrace the whole household without distinction of age or 
 sex. 
 
 J. DE St. Laurent. 
 
 " Though obliged, as yesterday, to attend to my official 
 duties at the Barracks, I could not resist the pleasure of 
 liastening home to write a few lines, to assure you how much 
 ;ind how sincerely I participate in the happy event ; a thou- 
 sand wishes for the good health and speedy recovery of 
 Madame de Salaberry. 
 
 And I am always, ' j: 
 
 ' • \ Your very devoted servant, ' 
 
 ■^'l . "' ■ Edouard, Col. R. Fusileers." 
 M. L. de Salaberry, „ 
 Beauport. 
 
 The child he;re refeiTed to was the youngest son of M. Louis 
 (le Salaberry, who was christened at Beauport by Bishop de 
 Capse on the 2nd July, 1792, and the Register shows that 
 H. R. Highness Princ(3 Edward was godfather and Madame 
 Alphonsine Therese Bernardine Julie de Montgenet de St. 
 Lam'ent, Baronne de Fortisson, his godmother. The entry 
 is thus subscribed : — 
 
 Edouard, Piince de la G?'ande Brekigne, Montgenet de St. 
 Laurent, Baronne de Fortisson, Heii^ei de Salaberry, John 
 Vesey, Edmund Byng, Lt, Royal Fusileers, Fred. Augt. 
 Wetherall, Captain 11th Kegt., Renauld,»pretre, Adelaide de 
 Salaberry, John Hale, Wm. Heniy Digby, Lieut. Royal 
 Fusileers; de Salaberry, Ch., de Salaberry, Clis. Thomas, C.C. 
 P. 
 
 f Charles Francois, 
 
 EvSque de Capse. 
 20th June, 1792. 
 
 In the summer of 1792 a general election under the now 
 constitution took place, and at the close of the poll for the 
 County of Quebec at Charlebourg on Wednesday, 27th 
 June, a riot occurred, which threatened the most serious 
 
 
 UK* 
 
Jh*.. ■«.* 
 
 11 
 
 ^1 
 
 1 1 
 
 !. i 
 
 1 ■; 
 
 consequences. Prince Edward hearing of it, hastened to 
 Charlebourg, and thus addressed the rioters, in French ; — 
 "Can there be a man among you who does not take the 
 King to be the father of his people ? Is there a man among 
 you who does not look upon the new constitution as the 
 best possible one both for the subject and the Government. 
 Part then in peace ; I urge you to unanimity and concord. 
 Let me hear no more of the odious distinctions of French 
 and English. You are all his Britannic Majesty's beloved 
 Canadian subjects." The tumult ceased, and gave place to 
 admiration and applause. 
 
 On September 13th, in passing through Montreal, he 
 received a highly complimentary address from the citizens, 
 who declared their approbation of the new constitution ; 
 aud on the 2nd November, a ball was again given at the 
 Chateau St. Louis in honor of his birthday. 
 
 The following pleasing anecdote is related by De Gaspd ; 
 " The Prince having heard of an old woman a centenarian 
 who lived on the Isle of Orleans, one day paid her a visit, 
 and having talked to her for some time, (as she had all her 
 senses) he asked if he could confer any pleasure on her. 
 " Yes! yes ! certainly, my Lord," replied the old lady, "dance 
 a minuet witli me, that I may be able to say before I die, that 
 I had danced with the son of my Sovereign." The Prince com- 
 plied with the best possible grace, and after the dance con- 
 ducted her to her seat and gave her a respectful salute, 
 which she returned with a most profound curtsey. 
 
 Here is another, but by no means so pleasing, though it 
 displayed the constitutional bravery of the Prince. The 
 Prince esteemed very highly a soldier of his regiment, a 
 Frenchman, a man of approved courage, but who determined 
 to submit no longer to the severe discipline to which the 
 Regiment was subjected, and accordingly deserted. The 
 Prince knowing the desperate courage of the man, and the dan- 
 ger that must be incurred in attempting his arrest, himself 
 headed the party that went m pursuit, and surprised him 
 while sitting at table at Pointe aux Trembles. "You are 
 fortunate, my Lord," said La Rose, " in my not being armed, 
 for by Heaven, if I had had my pistol I would have blown 
 out your brains." La Rose was tried by Court Martial, and 
 condemned to receive nine hundred and ninety-nhie lashes, 
 the maximum allowed by the Mutiny Act. He submitted 
 to this atrocious punishment without a murmur, and re- 
 fused with disdain assistance to put on his clothes after, but 
 
IS*.-' "ik 
 
 '\ \ 
 
 
 
 i, hastened to 
 in French ; — 
 not take the 
 1 a man among 
 dtution as the 
 3 Government. 
 Y and concord. 
 Dns of French 
 jesty's beloved 
 gave place to 
 
 I Montreal, he 
 
 n the citizens, 
 
 '^ constitution; 
 
 given at the 
 
 I by De Gasp^ ; 
 
 a centenarian 
 id her a visit, 
 she had all her 
 jasure on her. 
 Id lady, "dance 
 efore I die, that 
 'he Prince com- 
 the dance con- 
 ipectful salute, 
 rtsey. 
 
 sing, though it 
 i Prince. The 
 is regiment, a 
 i^ho determined 
 to which the 
 deserted. The 
 in,andthedan- 
 1 arrest, himself 
 
 surprised him 
 ►les. "You are 
 ot being armed, 
 
 d have blown 
 rt Martial, and 
 etp-niiie lashes, 
 
 He submitted 
 
 rmur, and re- 
 othea after, but 
 
 turning to the Prince, and striking his forehead with his 
 [hand, said, " it is the bullet, my Lord, and not the lash which 
 |ought to punish a French soldier." " • < ^ " ^ •m,,.;,, ..r,*.;^ 
 The disaffection which had originated among the men 
 )f the Royal Fusileers at Gibraltar,' and which led to their 
 removal to Canada, does not appear to have diminished, and 
 )unishments were of frequent occurrence with certain hard- 
 ened offenders, among whom at length a conspiracy was 
 [formed, as was proved at the trial. The mutineers proposed 
 break out of the baiTacks, and were confident of being 
 |oined by a large number more, when they intended to 
 jize the Prince, the General, and all the officers in the Cha- 
 jau, who on non-compliance with their demands, were to bo 
 )ut to death, after which the matins. ;£'$ proposed to escapo 
 )y crossing the river and forcing the captains of militia to 
 pve them guides. 
 
 " It is difficult to say," says the Quebec Gazette of the 
 88th Mai'ch, 1793, " whether the folly or the atrociousness 
 of the plot was the greatest ; for the smallest reflection 
 light have satisfied them of the impossibility of effecting 
 their escape. Yet, it can hardly be doubted that had they 
 )nce taken the first step, their desperate situation would 
 lave led them to the commission of as much mischief as in 
 [.ho moment might have been in their power." Fortunately 
 the plot was discovered in time, the conspirators were 
 arrested, tried and convicted, and the sentences of the Gren- 
 jral Coui-t-martial were as follows : — John Draper, found 
 uilty of the charge exhibited again>st him — sentence, death, 
 t)y being shot. William Rose, g uilty — sentence, f.ve hundred 
 |ashes. James Lanergan, for want of sufficient evidence, 
 fcquitted. Timothy Kennedy, guilty — sentence, seven hun- 
 'i/red lashes. Sergeant Thomas Urgton, who had been re-, 
 leased (from a belief that the evidence would not be suffi- 
 iient to convict him^ demanded and insisted or a trial, 
 j^d was found guilty of a knowledge of an intended 
 l&utiny, and sentenced to be reduced to the ranks, and to 
 jpeccive four hunrired lashes. Draper was ordered for ex-y 
 ^ution on Tuesday, the 2nd April, but having made appli- 
 ^tion for a week's respite, it was granted. 
 1 We copy the following from the Quebec Gazette, of 11th 
 April, 1794 : 
 
 " On Tuesday last, about ten o'clock, Joseph Draper, of 
 le Royal Fusileers, whose execution had been respited to 
 lis day, was brought out from the barracks dressed in 
 3 
 
If 
 
 * : 
 
 grave clothes, walking behind his coffin, which was covered 
 y a pall, and carried by four men. The troops under 
 arms marched slowly before — the music followed, playing 
 dirges suited to the occasion, and a vast concourse of spec- 
 tators attended. When this affecting i)rocession ha<rl reached 
 the place of execution, and the convict had prepared him- 
 self to suffer, declaring to the last that he was innocent of 
 the crime laid to his cliarge, and when the critical moment 
 was aiTived that was to have launched him into eternity, 
 he was thus addressed by Prince Edward : — . .«j*wi*^^^ 
 
 " ' Draper, — you have now reached the awful moment, | 
 when a few minutes would carry you into the immediate 
 presence of the Supreme Being. You must be conscious of 
 the enormity of your guilt, and that you have not the least! 
 right to expect mercy. I, as your commandinf^ officer, am 
 entirely prevented from making any application whatever 
 in your favor, there being, from various circumstances of I 
 the case, no one opening that could justify me in that sta-f 
 tion in talking such a step. However, as the son of your I 
 Sovereign, whose gi*eatest pi-erogutive is the dispensation of I 
 mercy, I feel myself fortunately able to do that, which, asj 
 your Colonel, the indispensable laws of military discipline I 
 rendered it impossible for me even to think of. In this! 
 situation, I have presumed to apply to the King's represen- 
 tative here, for your pardon ; and I am happy to bo auth-| 
 orized to inform you that my application has been success- 
 ful. Major-General Clark, in consequence of my warm) 
 prayers and entreaties, has had the goodness, by his acquie-" 
 scence with my wishes, to enable me to prove both to you 
 and the public, that though your atrocious machinations 
 were chiefly directed against my pei*soD, I am the first to 
 forgive you myself, and to obtain for you His Majesty's 
 mercy. May j^ou take warning by this awful scene, and so 
 conduct yoiu-self, that by the remainder of your life you 
 may atone for your past crimes ; and that I may not here- 
 after have occasion to repent having now been your adro- 
 cate. ' ^'jmm*Pt^^i:-m%mih'-i ■ 
 
 " The effect produced on the mind of the unhappy man, 
 who could then have had nothing but death in view, as well 
 as on the feelings of the spectators, may be easier conceived 
 than expressed." 
 
 We turn with pleasure from this distiesaiiig scene, to 
 relate acts more congenial. 
 
 ■iin ii Mmm 
 
u 
 
 ch was covered 
 troops under 
 llowea, playing 
 course of spec- 
 on had rcacned 
 prepared him- 
 a.s innocent of! 
 jritical moment; 
 iu^ eterxuty,] 
 
 Eiwful moment, 
 the immediate 
 be conscious of 
 ve not the least 
 dinp; officer, am 
 ation whatever 
 ircumstances of 
 me in that sta- 
 the son of your 
 dispensation of 
 that, which, as 
 ilitary discipline 
 nk of. In this 
 King's represen- 
 ppy to bo auth- 
 5is been success- 
 Q of my warm 
 ,s, by his acqaie- 
 ve both to you 
 IS machinations! 
 am the first toj 
 I His Majesty's| 
 ful scene, and so| 
 )f your life you 
 may not herc- 
 een your advo- 
 
 e unhappy man, . 
 I in view, as wells 
 easier coiiceived| 
 
 Qsahig scene, toj 
 
 19 ' 
 
 On September 5th, 1798, the Quebec Gazette announced 
 the opening and regulations of the Quel)0c Sunday Free 
 School, under the patronage of His Royal Highness, as fol- 
 llows: — 
 
 " From an ardeni. desire of promoting the happiness and 
 
 iprosperity of his Majesty's faithful subjects of this Province, 
 
 and from the experience of the many and great advantages 
 
 hat have been received from the Sunday Schools in England, 
 
 nder the patronage of the nobility and tlie Royal Family, 
 
 |His Royal Highness Prince Edward, has been pleavscd strongly 
 
 o recommend to the subf criber to open a Sunday Free 
 
 hool for the benefit of all those of every description who 
 
 desirous of acquiring the necessary and useful branches 
 
 f education, and will conform to the rules and regulations 
 
 at will be made for that purpose. . 
 
 "The said Free School will therefrom be oj^ned on Sunday 
 ext, under the patronage and direction of His Royal High- 
 ess, from the hours of ten to three during the winter season, 
 
 d the public may depend on every exertion on the part of 
 he subscriber, in order to meet in every respect His Royal 
 
 ighness's benevolent intentions. > ....-• .;->.,-* -f^; 
 
 " The subscriber requests those who wish to attend to give 
 
 their namcK as soon as possible. He may be seen every 
 
 ay from nine to twelve and from two to five, at the Aca- 
 
 ^lemy in the Bishop's palace, where young people of both 
 
 xes will be taught in separate apartments, all the various 
 
 ranches of literature, on terms most suitable to their cir- 
 
 umstances. ,y^ , . , ^ ., 
 
 ^ ' Jas. Tanswkll." 
 
 **Rule 2nd. Every one of His Majesty's subjects of 
 
 hatever description, will be admitted into this school and 
 
 "ucated gratis, on condition of good behaviour and con- 
 
 rmity to such rules and regulations as may from time to 
 
 ebe made for the better conducting the same. „ , „„, „ 
 
 " Rule 5th. Reading, writing and the various branches of 
 jtrithmetic, shall be constantly taught in both languages; and 
 icular care taken to render the acquisition of the Eng- 
 ih language as easy as possible, to His Majesty's new Cana- 
 ian subjects." 
 
 The following advertisement sliows that slavery still 
 isted in Canada, though a Bill was then before the Legis- 
 .ture for its abolition. 
 
. 20 
 
 |,»'-*V' 
 
 (( 
 
 TO BE SOLD. 
 
 1' » / > i , > ftt^ - 
 
 **•♦ 
 
 M 
 
 ** " A likely, healthy, stout Mulatto man, aged 23 years ; 
 haa been used to house work, speaks both French and Eng- 
 lish, and is fit for any hard labor. 
 
 "Inquire of the Printer. ' i i* ♦ ^^ •» 
 
 "Quebec, 9th October, 17!)3." ' '^ /^ l' ' 
 
 ■* if'n \ 
 
 On Sunday, 10th November, a dreadful fire broke out in 
 Sault au Matelot street. Prince Edward and Lord Dor- 
 chester were present during the whole night giving assistance 
 and encouraging by their pei-sonal example, and in conse- 
 quence the House of Assembly then in session, passed an 
 address, in which they acknowledge " the ardent zeal and 
 indefatigable ability which His Royal Highness displayed 
 on all occasions, for the protection of their property and the 
 security of their lives." . >n "^^ i.,.j,f:-f >«j,^f i,; 
 
 The masonic fraternity also presented him with an address, 
 bearing testimony to his " gracious and engaging condescen- 
 sion, and exemplaiy conduct" in every part of his duty. 
 
 He honored with his friendship Chief Justice Sewell, Mr. 
 Hale, Bishop Mountain, Bishop de Capse, M. Renauld, curd 
 of Beauport, P6re Bery, the last Superior of the Recol- 
 lets, Mr. Allsop, and, above all, M. Louis de Salaberry, for 
 whom and whose family he formed a strong and lasting 
 attachment. But finding the maintenance of his position 
 incompatible with his limited means, and being anxious for 
 active employment, in December, 1793, he solicited an 
 appointment under Sir Charles Grey, then engaged in the 
 reduction of the French West India Islands, and was ordered 
 to proceed there in January, 1794, and left Quebec immedi- 
 ately, before his departure could be made public — when it 
 was known that he was gone, addresses poured in from all 
 quarters. An extract from one of these, with his reply, will 
 furnish a fair sample of the whole. The addresses were 
 received at the Chateau, by Lord Dorchester, who caused it 
 to be known, that ; — " The state of His Royal Highness's 
 health would not permit his going by Halifax during the 
 winter, and that in order to lose as little time as possible, ho 
 had taken the shortest and most expeditious route to join 
 his command." 
 
 Extract from Address 14th February, 1794 ; — " The ami- 
 able qualities of benevolence and attention manifested by 
 your Royal Highness towards the relief and protection of our 
 
**««■ 
 
 \ » 
 
 ^oa\ 23 years ; 
 ncli and Eng- 
 
 D broke out in 
 rid Lord Dor- 
 ving assistance 
 and in conse- 
 lon, passed an 
 ;"dent zeal and 
 tiess displayed 
 jperty and the 
 
 irith an address, 
 ;ing condesceu- 
 )f his duty, 
 ice Sewell, Mr. 
 Renauld, curd 
 of the Recol- 
 i Salaberry, for 
 ng and lasting 
 of his position 
 ing anxious for 
 le solicited an 
 engaged in the 
 ind was ordered 
 Quebec immedi- 
 ublic — when it 
 red in from all 
 1 his reply, will 
 addresses were 
 ', who caused it 
 )yal Highness's 
 fax during the 
 ) as possible, ho 
 IS route to join 
 
 4;— "The ami- 
 manifested by 
 rotection of our 
 
 21 
 
 follow citizonfl in the hour of difltrcKs, nn well as your 
 condescension and urbanity to all who have occasionally had 
 the honor to approach your Royal Highness, have invariably 
 claimed our admiration and gratitude." 
 
 Extract from His Royal Highness's reply: — " Nothing can 
 flatter me more, than to learn from you, that my conduct 
 during my residence in this Province has gained your 
 friendship, by meriting your approbation. Be assured that 
 though I go with chocrmlness to the post assigned me by 
 the King, my father, I shall not leave Quebec without real 
 regi'et, nor witliout carrying with me a remembrance of the 
 marks of friendship and consideration I have experienced 
 here." 
 
 He proceeded tlirough the United States, intending to 
 embark at Boston, and on crossing Lake Champlain, two of 
 the sleds carrying his whole equipage, broke through the 
 ice and were lost. On aniving at Burlington on the 13th 
 February, the following characteristic note was sent in to 
 him : — 
 
 " To His Royal Highness Prince Edward. , »'• 
 
 "Sir, — Dictated by the principles of common civility and 
 politeness, and possibly \irged by an unwarrantable anxiety 
 to have an interview with your Royal Highness, in behalf 
 of the most respectable gentlemen of this place, we have to 
 request you to appoint an hour, (commencing after six o'clock, 
 p.m., on account of the business of the couii) which will be 
 most agreeable to you to receive that respectful attention 
 due to your rank, and you may be assured, although in a 
 strange country, that protection is equally at your command, 
 with the gi-eatest subject of the United States. 
 " We are with the greatest respect, 
 
 " Your most obedient servants, 
 
 ^ •: "ElNATIIAN KbyES, ' '*^ ' 
 
 4|^jv' r "John Bishop, ;* 
 
 ' " William Prentice." 
 
 , ■ . ,>■:.-'.* • 
 
 rAnd the following answer returned : 
 
 " Gentlemen, — I am commanded by His Royal Highness 
 Prince Edward, to return you his best thanks for your polite 
 attention, and at the same time to say, that if half-past six 
 o'clock tbis evening will be a convenient hour to you, he 
 
i-4 
 
 ■:;,■-.; ■•-■'■'■ ,L ;.;,.'>;„ ""■■•,•■'.■.- v"""" ,-,■ ' ' ," '■'■-'> ! i'' •■■ ^■'. ■"■■ 
 
 shall esteem himself much flatterer! by his having the plea- 
 sure of seeing you." 
 
 " I have the honor to remain, ' <. , .- 
 
 " With great respect, 
 »r,.^ " Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 r 
 
 ,., .. ,.,,.. " Fred. AuGT. Wethbrall." 
 
 This chapter cannot be concluded more appropriately than 
 by an extract from "Lambert's Travels in Canada," published 
 in 1816 : " His Royal Highness during his residence in 
 Canada, paid great attention to the inhabitants, particularly 
 to the French, to whom he <?ave commissions for their sons. 
 His politeness and affability gained him the esteem of the 
 people, many of whom 1 believe, really look u^on him as 
 their saint and patron; at least, such is the way in which I 
 have heard him spoken of." 
 
 It is anticipating, but in concluding this chapter in the 
 morning of the life of the Duke of Kent, I may remark that 
 many, especially such as from misapprehension have been 
 led to form an erroneous estimate of his conduct and charac- 
 ter, m>Ay have supposed, that as he was comparatively inex- 
 perienced in the ways of the world at the time of his 
 residence in Canada, his utterances were the mere impulses 
 of generous but thoughtless youth. But as age did in no 
 degree diminish the warmth of his affectio'.^ or the steadfast- 
 ness of his friendships, neither did his mature intellect, 
 enlightened by experience, lead him in the noon and evening 
 of his days to alter his views of a kind, a conciliatory and a 
 just policy which he had on all occasions advocated and 
 practiced in the morning ; and ^vell would it have been for 
 Canada, well would it have been fjr Great Britain, had he 
 obtained what was at one time a cherished object of his 
 ambition — the Government of Canada. 
 
 Let us hope that the dark days of Canada are passed, and 
 that there is before us a bright future, and while on the 
 subject I do not think I can conclude more fitly than by the 
 following lines, which are so closely in accord with the 
 sentiments of His Royal Highness : 
 
'^' 
 
 ■ i, '.* ' t '" 
 
 V v' 
 
 ving the plea- 
 
 THE DOMINION OF THE WEST. 
 
 ant, 
 
 •I 
 
 ETHBRALL. 
 
 3priately than 
 da," published 
 residence in 
 s, particularly 
 for their sons, 
 esteem of the 
 ■ ttpon him as 
 Ely in which I 
 
 lapter in the 
 
 Y remark that 
 ►n have been 
 ct and charac- 
 [^tively inex- 
 i time of his 
 Qere impulses 
 ^e did in no 
 
 the steadfast- 
 iure intellect, 
 n and evening 
 iliatory and a 
 ivocated and 
 Kave been for 
 tain, had he 
 
 object of his 
 
 re passed, and 
 v^hile on the 
 
 Y than by the 
 )rd with the 
 
 Tell me, stranger ! how to name theo — What the land that ^ave thee birth, 
 Has it place in song or story ? Ranks it with the great on eai th ? 
 Has thy land mark or symbol ? Can it shelter those it rules ? 
 Bears it blason proud and hoary, azure, white, or fiery gules ? 
 
 I claim no record in the past — .^ : - ■•^■>' • 
 
 Mine the future's mystic page, — ;. 
 
 There my empire looms more vast ' 
 
 Than King's or Caisar's heritage. { 
 
 Bom in peace, serene and tranquil, 
 
 I can shew no bloody claim. 
 But I have a roll ancestral, f 
 
 Ranking next to none in fame. 
 
 Exists the land or rolls the sea, 
 
 Where England's banner has not wiived, - 
 Uuftirled for death or honor's fee, 
 
 Whose valour oft iti' ^olds have saved ? - 
 On shot-swept deck, and battle plain. 
 
 The Scot and Erin's sons have stood 
 And borne the standard free from stain, .; 
 
 Or sank beneath it steeped in blood. 
 
 And to these, an oft sang story, ^ 
 
 I can set a gem as bright ; 
 To the LiZtes lofty story " ' 
 
 I have ancient lineal right. 
 England, Scotland, J reland, Gaul, 
 
 Land of races great and regal ; ^ > // 
 
 Each to me h»8 yielded all. 
 
 In my veins their tributes mingle. 
 
 -» ' '- ' 
 What did the sire the son can do, ' 1-. » 
 
 Dare foe attempt to foige a chain ; ;> ; y? i 
 
 Death may his freeborn limbs subdue — . 
 
 The fetters can but deck the slain. 
 From icy Gaspe to the sea, ' ' ! 
 
 Wh«re sinks the sun at eve to rest, 
 Lake, liver, plain belong to me. 
 
 The " Young Dominion of the West." 
 
 Toronto, Nov. 23, 1867. 
 
 W. B. 
 
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