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Un des symboles suivents apparaltra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbols — ^ signlfle "A SUIVRE". Ie symbols V signlfle "FIN". IMaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning In the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diegrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, plenches, tsbieeux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des teux de rAductlon diff Arents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grend pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, II est filmA A partir de i'angle aupArlaur gauche, de geuche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenent ie nombre d'imeges nAcessslre. Les diagrammes suivents lllustrent ie mAthode. 1 2 3 : . t,;-. 2 3 • "■•'■■ ' ' 5 6 STATISTICS OF THE POPULATION OP THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA FOR THE TEAR 188S. IKOM THE DAILY ADVERTISER. KONTREALi 1834. STATISTICS, &c. i^OPULATION OF LOWER CANADA. .1*116 Roveral consuMS or the population of the Iwu Carta:! ■» hitherto made pu'ilic htvo been so iiiiiiiiiiiHtly dureclivo, that, for all pricticul pur. poacs. it has beeu customary to pl.ico n^lianco rather upon tho e8timuti>s of well iiiformoiJ indi. vidiuls, than upon I'ocniiiento s'riclly official. When nuniorous errors, and ^ouie of them ie result of the process, if not perfectly correct, will ap. proach the truth very nenrly ; and if it be con. firmed by colhttral evidurco, the conclusion niiiy be s.iid to aiiio int almost to certainly. I'riiler theno impressioiiB, it is int'nded to lay before tin- reader hucIi evidence ns id within our reach, with n view to establish the tut'il pupula. tiiin of tho C^anadas at the close of thepist year. As a hUjiplomeniary enquiry, we shall aUo col. Iei:t as many tacts as po8>ililo rcl itivo to the po- pulation cif the Lower Provinces, and so present an approxiiiiate estimate of the total popuUtion of the Uriiah North American Provinces. \Vu lire not aware of any enumeration of tho popiil itioii of Lower Canada between the years TTrtl .ind I8:i*>. Duriiii; the former year a cen- sus nf the popiilition was taken by order of Go. hur.il Hai,dim,«nd. It give a ti>tal of 113,(1110, III |S'2.> :i rnifulir census was taken, under the authority of tho Provincial Le;;isl iture, the re. suit of which <«'a8. tiiat the Province of Lower Caii..(ia numbered 4*23,373 souls. The smallness of this number cr<-itcd great surpiiso iiiiioiig those who are in the liriit of giving attention to such subjoci-''; innl as tlicir opinions and estimitcs had previously Ihhmi Niib- niitted to the public, — ilio [Mililie, ni irmiis.r, ji.ir- licipited in their fu^'liiig ora>triiiis!i'Ufiit. "irito defects of llin ceiisuM of IH2") were glar- ing. In the first plane, m.iny Townships — some of them tolcraldy populous — wore loll cniiri'ly out of the account, no Returns being received. In the RL'cond pi ice, tho Protestant population of tho Sciirneuries — in some cases ronsidfrable — was very incorrectly given, and in some in. stances omitted. Lastly, the people of the coun. try concealed theii^ nambQrs, frorA tfift pn^H lonco of a snrt of tradition among them, that taxation had usually followed former cndnMra. tions, and, of course, might dn so again. from thr-se several sources of error it was g04 ncrilly understood at the time, that tho total ex. hibitod by the census was from 80,000 id lUtKODO deficient, — an impression which other evidence, collected shortly before, and about thtf' time, had a strong tendency to confirm. The census taken during the summer of 1831, and made public in tho early part of 1833, creat. ed scarcely less surprise. Mr. BouciiETTe's esti. mate fixes the defiriency of the last census at 80,0110, and other persons equally well informed consider that the total shouFd not have been un« dor 6(10,000. The Committee of the Assembly to whom thrf last census was referred for the purpose of decid, ing certain claims concerning an extension of Parliamentar; representation, speak of both cen. suscs in the following terms : — Your committee have no doubt but that the consiis of tlie present year, (1831) as welt as that nf 1 82.5, is much under the true amount of the populaiion. » » » Inaccuracies aro inani. test in taking down tho number of inmates in each house,* the aggregate of which gives the total uf the population. The Returns particularized by the Committee as bearing upcui their face strong evidence of inaccuracy are those for the City and County of Qiiotiou, for Drummonil, Sherbrooke, Richelieu,- Sagucnny, Cham'jly, and others. If, then, the censuses he not trustworthy, to what soiirnos of infirmation can we resort for data whereon to ground our calculations ? The question is of importance We shall according, ly bestow upon it some care. Two years previous to the first of the above, named censuses, an enquiry was instituted by the House of Assembly for the purpose of aseertain. iiig, ns nearly as possible, the population of Lower Canada. Letters were addressed to the Cures of the country parishes, to the Seigneurs throughout the country, and to tho leading men * A Brent numlier of snob inaocurnrics cutio wiiliin ili'> knuwlpJ^o of ilin writer of this oriicle. His house, hold of six pftr.so'is was not included, no call b:>inu: nude upon him; iini! several other similir onilssiuns, at Quebec, onciiried. Oucnsiunally uii ifiuurant maiil-servnnt, ur a niiauhievouj youii|( clerk, who thought -. .. ■ ,. ... 1 • „- the ^ ' " ^ ■ •! -> it " good fun" to deceive, viaa the unly pereuti quealiuncd. •f tha Townthipai demanding inrormation on the Bubject, and their answora furm the data on which Bubaequont calculations have been made. Although we have met with one or two private calculationa grounded thereon, together with Bome articles in newapapors, we prefer taking thoae which have been aanctioned, or, at all events, countenanced by a Parliamentary Com- mittee ; we mean those of Mr. NEii,ao.s and Lieutenant.Cnlonel Rouchettb. The evidence of Mr. Neilson ia to be found in the Appendix to the Journala of the Aasenibly for 1823-4 (R.) He is asked :— At what amount do you estimate the popu- lation uf Lower Canada, and what are the data whereon you proceed in making your calcula. tiona 7 Answer. — I have no certain data upon which I can form an estimnto uf the present population of Lower Canada. The last census taken, uf which I have any knowledge, was in 1784, by Cummissioners appointed by General IIaldimano, in virtue of Royal instructions. Mr. Neilson he^e delivers in an abstract giv. ing a total of 113,000, and continues his evi- dence. This enumeration, like anjr other enumsrntion, owing to omissions ngninst which very strict precau- tions have not been taken, was probably less than the real population. The popul-*- u of l^iwer Cana- da in 1764, has been stated at about 60,000 souls ; an increase in the same ratio would give at present about 480,000 souls. Mr. Neilson next proceeds on other data. The militia "Returns for Lower Canada, he con- tinues, OS stated by the Adjutant-General last year were 70,443. It is acknowledged to be very incorrect, and cer- tainly below the truu number. In the (States oi Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, where, taking the whole population together, the rotio of increase probably differs very little from that of I/)wer Cana- da ; and where it is believed tho militia age is neoriy the same, a militia of 83,516 gives a population of 773,280. ! believe, however, that their militia nge is !rom 18 to 45, ours is from 18 to 60, and perhaps the ratio of increase is something greater in New York, although I think we fully surpass in that respect Ver- mont and New Hampshire. There are probably more omissions in our miUtia Returns than in theirs ; I should conceive that the popiilntion uf Lower Cana- da at the present time is 600,000 souls, in which case the population would have doubled every twenty years from the conquest. Mr. BouciiETTE in answer to a question of ai- milar import, delivered in a statement grounded principally upon the letters of the Curds and other sources of information. The statement is too long for our space ; the result, which gives a total of 428,000, is suflScient for our purpose. The discrepancy between this and Mr. Neil- son's estimate, induces the Committee to ask that gentlemen : — From what c(i^;>es docs your estimate differ so much from that of the Surveyor-General of Lower Canada, and have you any and what observations to make upon the estimate now shown to you ? Answer. — ^The Surveyor-General's calculation is chiefly founded on the statements given by the Cur- ■tea, in which any person who has a knowledge of the country admits there are a great many omisaiona Tha Towtiahip and Proteatant population in general, I apprehend haa been etitimated by (he Surveyor' General without any very certain data. Hia division of ihn population into Count'es und Dislricta, I conai* dertugivoa aiifllciently correct idea of the relative population of the difTxrent divisions, and it ia possible thiit generally his estimation may be nearer the truth than mine. Of the above three figures, wo are inclined to give the preference to Mr. Neilson's first eati- mate of 480,000. It doea not require a rate of increase extraordinary for a new country, nor does it differ materially from the census of 1825, after making allowance for the orrorn we havo specified. The second estimate of 600,^00, on the other hand, does not appear to ua to be war. ranted by the previona data. Supposing the po. pulatinn of I7d4 tj have amounted to even' 120,000— that ia 7000 more than the cenaua— it would require the period of doubling to have been sixteen years only to produce 600,000 in 1823. Now, the circumstances of the country do not warrant such an assumption. Immigra- tion during the period was trifling, and from procreation alone a similar rate of increase has not been exhibited by countries enjoying a mor* fertile soil, a milder climate, and a more akilfiil system of husbandry. Added to which, the ex. tensive peculations and ultimate defalcation of the Intendant Bioot, the efTocts of which were felt even after the conquest, and the several wars in which Canada has since been engaged, must have operated as rather a check upon tho increase of population. Mr. Bovciiette's estimate of 428t000 appears to us too low, from the circumstance of its dif. foring so little with the census of 1825, the er. roneousness of which we have already shown. Still, from Mr. Boijchette's knowledge of the suhjec;., combined with the caro he has on save, ral o'casions taken with this branch of Colonial statistics, we cannot but permit bis opinion to have weight. We shall, therefore, set down the population of 1623 aa the mean between hia es- timate and that of Mr. Neilson's — namely, 454,000. The next stage of our enquiry must necer>iari. ly be the natural rate of increase exhibited by the Province independent of immigration ; • question, upon the solution of which we can fortunately bring to boar a considerable body of evidence. In tho first place, we would remark, that there can be no great diflwrence in the relative correctness of the two last censuses. Both were known to ho below the truth, but we have never heard it hinted that one was more so than the other. Assuming, therefore, that their defects are nearly equal, and deducting from the last census the ainoant of immigration during the period, the difference of the two censuses will ex. hibit— not the actual increase of the popuUtion, but its percentage rate. • urvcyof' 1 divuion ;. , 1 nonsi* 1 rclntive ■i^'.'/.'-w - '„;;. f/ " .. > .f.,- - ,.., . ., ■■:'!' '»(.- ■■ ; • ■ . ■ , ., \ 1 possible th^ iruth i-.^.i: ,' . ; (.,,;. "■ - t ••;■■..•-. .-.,■.,. .'M ^.,, ., ' ■ ; • ^Ji ilinod to ■ ■ ■ ' '' , V .- . ,,> , '•^ _ . ,. ■/...■ ■.,.:,vv irPt eiti. - -. ^.y;..-'. • ' ■ ■ I rate of '■ - = 1 , ■ " '.^J itry, nor ':/. .' ^, , . , ■ *' '■- ■ ' '•.."-•/, ,';i of 1825, - 1 ' ■ '■."■■■' ■ ■ 1 ■ :. •.' " . . -.'i we have • 1 ' ■■ !: ),^00, on ■-"■•' i- .'. , - ' , 1 ' '. be war- , ■■ ■ ' g the po. 4,.- V A"- ■ ? ' I -■■: .-■■-- ■• , -:,- ., :' to evonf ,■ . * 'V ■ . , - , ,, > '■'■''''•■■ "■' , ' ■■'■' " "^'•'' cenaus — ■'-""'■' '" ' " ■' ■ -'■■■■■■• ^ ','.•■ r to have -'••:,. . ■ ;■' -:, . 00,000 in - - . ■ ' ■ 'C e country Immigra. " * and from ^ . ". ■ - . T urease haa , ■ " i.'' .' ■'" r i>g a more ! , ■ ore Bkilfiil " • -', .., ' • -' h, the ex. '— . , , - Ication of ■ . ■- ■ ^hich were hu several g n engaged, '. . k upon the •^ 00 appears - ■ „, ^' ■ '' . ' ~ ■' of its dif- 525, the er- / idy shown. ', ■dgo of the - las on seve- of Colonial B opinion to el down the ; ireen his os- "■ '8 — namely, ! st necer nat'u . _. Bxhibited by ligration ; a iich we can able body of remark, that i. , 1 the relative . Both were \. ' 'i it/. r • - . kre have never ; ■ ■■-<•■ i so than the ■■'■. ■ ■ ■■ c, - . , \' ■ ;v ;■■-■• their defects .:':'. ,\. ■.,• ■•: r !.- \ - -= from the last f'' -;■•• '••,-.; ' ■ '■ .• --. -.t n during the '.;. ■.:s;U :'.;? -; .■' i.-;-./"-^ /' ,..,'■;; /;;v^ lie population. -■ . :. ..■ ."«;4-;U«^ k..:,. ... ^i.. '• »" . - ;. I , .-,■ . ' ..--.u. ' ;■- v" ■ ''■■-'--.-V •>-. "^ - ""^ -,'■ - 1. '^-■' ^^'-t..*. _.., i ■ ■ Hie toMi eihibitad by tht ceniui of 1831 (Journals, Appendix AA.) ii Population of Mii Sll.Ultf 433,690 88,339 21,594 or this number the censui returni, at the incroiite by means of immigration Natural increase in lix years ■ • • 66,615 Annual average 11,103 Or at on accuniuliting rote of 2i per cent, per annum. This rate of increase is confirmed by a State, ment of Births, Morriages, and Deaths for the five years ending 1832, from the Appendix to the Journals of the House of Assembly, — a do. rument which we insert at length. • SdUement shewing the number of Births, Marriagrs and Djathi in the teoeral Dhutricts qf Lower Canada, from ISli to 1832, taken from the Journal* nf the House of AssemMy. Year lSi3. Utiubec ■ Montreal • Three llivers Gasp^ St. Francis 1829. 1830. 1831 Districts. Total Quebec • Munirenl • Three Rivers (lasp^ St Francis Totol Quebec • .VIontreiil - Three Rivers St. Francis 'Jotal Quebec ■ .Wantrenl • Three Rivers St. Fronnia Total 1932. Quebec ■ .Montreal ' Three Rivers St. Francis Total - ToialSyenrs Aver 5yeart Births 7219 11927 2426 21572 721 12208 2409 201 22029 7600 13013 2492 206 13 23354 8133 14217 2739 330 37 25155 8591 18195 2751 189 52 29781 122191 21438 Marriaget Deaths Increase. 1478 3359 3960 1903 5671 6265 374 965 1461 U 3760 9995 11577 1150 3300 3911 2012 5361 6947 419 803 1606 43 45 156 3624 9509 12520 1432 4943 2757 2553 5767 7286 510 1292 1200 42 47 159 42 4 9 4579 11953 11401 1629 5123 3110 2592 6514 7703 519 1195 1543 53 48 282 63 25 12805 12 4361 12650 1674 6946 1645 2506 13718 4177 548 1319 1435 51 23 156 67 23 24 4846 22034 7747 21670 66296 55995 4334 13259 11179 Excluding the Statement of 1833, as a year iff Pestilence * l'utalof4ypar8, ending 1831 92410 16834 44262 48148 Averiife of lour years 23102 4206 11065 12037 It is not pretended that the above table is per- fectly correct. We do not here assume its oor. rectness. All the use wo wish to make of it, is to establish a percentage rate of increase, and this, wo contend, it does, inasmuch as whatever errors it contains are like those in the censuses —errors of omission which do not, cannot ma. terially differ from the errors of the censuses ; hence, we consider the rate of increase eita- blished at 2^ per cent, per annum. Another confirmation of this rate of increase is afforded us by comporing Mr. Boijciibtte's two estimates of 1823 and 1827. His first esti. mote of 428,000, supposed *o »crumulate at the above rate, would in 1S27 reat 472,340, while his calculation of the population of the several Counties at the close of that year gives ua a total of 471,876. Commencing, then, for the reasons already mentioned, with the mean between Mr. Neil, son's and Colonel Bouchette's estimates, wa ha>9 454,000 as the population of 1823, a figure which, on the most careful examination of every document and opinion within our reach, we are bound to consider as rather an undcr-estimate. From the above data wo have 581,037 as the amount to which the population of Lower Ca. nada would have attained at the end of 1833 without the aid of immigration. Of late years, however, the population of Lower Canada has been considerably augmented by the above means, — to what extent we will presently endeavour to ascertain. For the purpose of determining to what ex. tent the population has been increased by means of immigration since 1823 we must depend on the Reports of Mr. Buchanan, the Official Agent for Immigrants at Quebec, compared with the Statements coUectpd with, und check, ed by the Census Returns of 1831. In a little pamphlet published in 1831 from the Official Gazette, the statements contained in * A comparison between the mortality of 1832 and that of the average of the preceding four years will enable us to judge of the effects of the cholera. For 92,410 births in the four years ending 1831 there were 48,148 deaths. In 13'Ji the births were unusually numerous, the result of nn mcreased number of marriages in the two previous years. The rouses of this mcreuse of niarriiige may be traced to a state of prosperity, arising from two good harvests. Had the some proportion between the births and deoths obtained in 1832 as on ths average of the four previous years, there should have been 14,434 deaths only, instead of which there wei;e 22,034 deaths, giving 7,600 as the mortality from cholera all over Lower Canado. If we take populdtion as a basis of calculation, instead of the number of births, the deaths in 1832 should have been 12,325, instead of 22,034, which would give 9,700 as the mortality from cholera, instead of 7,600; butas an excess of births would necessarily cause an increase of mortality, it is probable that the number which died from cholera is somewhere between the two figures, or about 9,000, which agrees very aearly with other aeoounts. which are luiown to hava b««n furnUliad from tlia ofllioo abovo.nnnMd, w« And tlia fuUitwiii); |i.imi. oge :— Aroonlin;; to tho lioiit cnlRiilittinn thit rnxn be luada, it ia nbsorviililu tii.it in llui ytir \&iii about one.lwelflh part of the oiiiiKruritH lundiiii; at Quttl)fO roiii.U.i unnii. grants hud remained in Lower Cunudu sinoo 1825. Now, the census was made in the middle of summer, when not half the inimi^r.i ion uf 1831 hod taken place. Allowing hall', how. ever, the above table will give 2-.?,'2(i9, which is quite near enough to confirm oor views. Were we merely to add the total iiiiiiiirrii. lion for tho period, it would not exhibit the full effects of immigration on the precont popu. lation of the Province, as they imiroMs* 547 •'.2 .•)49 j5 117 .59 94 6071i3 Satitral iv hiinugra- reuse dur- inn ilnr- ing the iiig Ihi- year. year. 11350 11634 11924 12174 12490 975 12813 3189 13213 jji.) 13777 1"5 14559 10 iil.i probable n portion of one class iH c'liit lined witliln another. Uodar tlione circumHlanoes, we shall take only tho^ia which are distinctly enumeruli'd — niiiiirly, hoth setcs from fourtesn and above, placing nil the under fourteen into a class by tliemselves. Tli.o enuiiieralion of the eonsus we take for the pur- pove of fixing a proportion, profcrving, of course, our own total. Persons of both srxes un- der 14 years oliigu MiiJes 14 to 20 - 21 to 30 . 31 to 60 • 60 and above Females 1 4 to 45 - Over 45 • Tom" Proportion of ihc .Se\c.« a« imiiraled by the Ccnt'Us, 10,087 males to 10,000 lemales. The census nest gives the number of Di'nf and Dumb, Blind, iinil Insnnu persons in tho Province. Observing the same proportion for our iucreasad total, we have :— Number of Derif find Dumb persons - - - - 499 Nimilicr offtlind p<>r«ons 403 .Number of Ins'ine persons 1110 giving the fiilhiwii'g propwrtinns : — 1 IViif and Dumb person in every 1254 1 Blind person In J'very 1.531 1 Insane person iii every 56i The ntiinbcr of persons suUintin.' on Alms is stated by the ceiiMls to be 1°.^8^. which gives at the eloso of l^33 — 1.5(17, being 1 in every 4Ut). The next clritisifii at ion ol the people of Lower Canada is aceordingto tho religion they profess, but the euuineration is defective, inaHiiiiich iih the whole aildud together are short of the totit' •■xhihited by the census. Thoho professing tho Ejiificopul f.iith, too, arn inad<' nearly to eqinlin number those of all other denoinin.ilions, ej^copt Roman Catholics, and thi.s we cone :ive to be an error. Tlic number of Romon Cailiolics is stated to be 403,472 Giving fur oil u'.hcr denuminations ; • - 108,445 Ve. Both I'olh Males. m-ile 1 Sejcti. VflfS 27y75( 2:'.)-.M) 4272(1 42720 413-4(1 4V.m 73S50 73851 1614< 16140 138^3n 3iss:»i» 337(H) 33761 174090 1723 27975( 6i6l30 Total of the Census 511,917 \Vhich would give as the present proportion ; Roman embolics 493,62J Other denominations 132,810 Total population of 1833 £26,439 for 400 403 1110 1-254 564 18 in bs tit hiwer Itllt'il tho ilin an The oflleni dnoumcnte nflbrd ut n» Rieaiii sf Mcartiriii\i*li lliii«i- or Fruiictt y fur lliu lar;;Mr |ior(ii>n of till) iinini|;r.iti"n, of tlie IikI t.voiity yoiim hu* iMieii frtxH Iroliitil it nllnwa, tint, ol'tliora pro. fui>fiii(( the lliiiiiiin Ciitliolii: fuitli, Moine H|K)ak llin KiigliNli ioM|{jrllM, iiiurriajrcii, iiiiil Jvilks roi;i»(rrud ut llie r>ri!ili I'liiiruli of Moiiiri'ul (liiriii|j( It):i3, out of 1421) birllm, 4M* wnr« uf otii r lliiin Can uliin oriiiiii, aniJ 3^7 in rriigtia, 1 13 weru uf tlio lit- i9r clai'i|rlliiH lu bo rorraot, it wwuld Civfl (Mil* t iril iil'ilii'C .lliolic |iu|iul itimi ul tlie city an H|m.ikiii)f tlin KiiKliali |:iiij;>iii)(e, and |irnbiibly iibovo l.'t.d.tOiir Ki.O'llloniiu wliolu. At Qiobeo till) ri'C'iiit rfi-ciioii oftlic Cliuridi of ^it. Polar ia ovi (•■nun til it ilio niiin'ivr iH l>y no inu.inx iiic-u. niili-r iblii, mid in iini wlii)lii Prnvi'ic- the iiuinlwr niiint Mudi l« UiiikVcon 4'I,0I)II und 5). (III. I ; itdtl. in;; abiiiit 4''>>"'l" to t '» nu nb T of |i ,'rMoiiH nut Ro mil Cilli'dicH, w*i liiivij iibout Ttvn.gKVKNi'iia of ilio n'hi4o |iii|iiiliili"n i<|ii> ikiiij; itiu fiao^liHll |.in);iii|rn, or about ltiil,(|IIU. Tliin niinibiT, lio>t bu ruvjeiviul tvitli conxidcriible pu.iil'. Iliiiii; riiUHllHiiid liid to llin l,1;i,8tll (lerixiMs '• not Uoinin C thol.inti,*' to iiiiiki) U|i tliii vAufi* of per. 80II8 H|ii>itki:n;{ tlin GnjrliHh language. If »-e hd- KUni') tliitt tliri-c.fourlJiB of llio |Hi|iiiil ition nro of t'l-Kiich di-MRi'iit, •mil oiin.fourtli of other origin, wu shiill rnqiin* only tho uddilinn of 2t,(llll) |ii'r. Bonn |lrl■fl!8^ing iliu Catholic fiith, nnd H|ifaking lliii KiigliHJi langiiagrf to make Up til it pro|iur> lion. Wu tliull oonniado tiiiaurtiRle with nn nbtitract of RO touch of till) Ckrhus Ruturniiuf 1831 iih re. I ilciH lu ihn cl o<8iili:ation nf ine population .ih ti> ngo, Kux, roliginn, occuuntion, &<:. T80 sul'jiicta arc trculud of. CUtsfift aiinn (\f P«- lIuuHcH iiiliiiiiuod lliiiifL'* unuii ibil;>il liuiiiiuM biiddinu l'rii|iri('tu II til Ttrn I'rupriy • • Niii frojirieturg iA UbiiI rroporiy To III |:erMiii^', l.SiS 'I'oiiil iiefHoiiH, tH!)l Purfuii* tuinpiirtiiily iil)!«'nt Iroin ilii Pioviii»;p ■ • Pur«iiiM 5 yeani anil uiidur - ■ - Porming i.hove 5 niid under 14 • . Mai.em — 14 lo IS, nrirrifd fiiiglu 18 lu 31, ninriind Mnuli' SI tu 30, in 7i5 3()ri'.>i 3'j.iy 1347 5f.302 31337 ir.oi 39 J; a.')! 40i iJ9il)3 101 '.12 7011 1 0044 2 80 85 941 1240 517.) 6U 3207U 2033 •( 128 fiiii:) 248 3'J.J 4i-.7i 4UtN 1GTG.1 lOilC 3108 ;54 15G7<.1 ISO I ibai8 7i07 llu' II! Ifd 3Ji •9300 •;8S' 4;i7 5J1 91 61 12467 76! 1669 63'.> 122 I0M5 12300 2'.) 25:jfi 85 103 1G^3 1817 67.14 513 1563 120 :0709 7121 5371 -.65 J 3Gi 33 34 li'8 4:78C 494 37t. 190 10 4333 t'662 43S 428 70 SI 1734 1939 34 76 10] 708 305 706 815 2C0 183 179 079 1171 433 575 45 7 668 f 20H6 1406 38 184 466 1( ^30 10 981 73729 02704 4(11 21697 907 I (574 1727* bMili 6413 11243 2000 836.')9 6404 1 •18413 2^3?5 5278 409 334 924 4034: « 34620 15069 7811 7(1 19 2461 117 5577 5033-1 2503 7608 1283 * If thp births in luwn bear tlie same pioi;i>riian to the population na obioins ihp whole Province, 4M birih.4 will tfivu 10,277 as tlin (viitholiu popiil iiinn of .Montreal Nueakii^ ihe CngliHh language. Quebec yt'il) probably rxbihit iitiuiit ihu Htime iiuiiiber, eu lliut in Ubtuming 45,0C0ac the number thruughuut the Pruvinc' we caunut ba lar wrung. 13,472 1.917 lion ! l3,62i |2,810 use POPULATION OF UPPER CANADA. In Upper Canada, a censua of thn populnlinu ig tukea annually. By an Act of the Legiala. ture of that Province, 4 Gc4). IV. c. 7, paascd I9lh Junuwry, 1831, il is provided that " It shall be tho duty of the Agsesgors chosen or oppoinied for any tpiVQihip, par sti> place or places in tbifi Province, to take a true and correct list of all tho inhabitants of the parish, township, re. puled township, pluca or places, for which they may bo chogon or appointed." Tho Act then proscribes the form ia which the return shall he made, the only claaaifioation ceqiiired heiog first, as to MX, and secondly, whether under or over sixteen years of age. At the tin:.! the annual' returns are published, it is no uncommon thing for the local newspa. pors to compliiin of their inaccuracy Town, ships are omitted oAcn to a very considerable extent, so much so, indeed, that in the return of 183t>, out of neiirly 300 Townships, upwards of fifty did not send in returns. Yet the accounts were made up and published in thu Journals of the Assembly — errors and omissinns notwith. standing. Of lute years the fame complaints have cun'iriucd, but wo have seen no lists of omissions, though we know they exist, indeed some few are noted on the margin of the return. Now some of '.jiese omitted Townships, although surveyed, miiy be snarcoly settled ; still it must be evident, that others cannot but bo more or loss populous ; hoivever, as at this distance wb have no moans of clietking the censuses, wo must fain content ourselves with, tind make the most of such infonn-4tion as we find. Whatever may be the errors of each year, wo may fairly assume thai they are dislriliutcd over the period in tolerably cqmil prnporliuns, so that all ratios which wn may dt^duce from the olficiul retur s will be sufficiently correct fur all prac. tiuul purposes. This will lead us to some use. ful results ; it A'ill give us the progressive rate of increase, un4 enable us to stute the period of doubling. In the year 1823, the several returns exhibit- ed a total of 125.5^3 pcrt'Ons ; in tlie ye ir I83'i, the number had advanced to '260, 992, thus mak- ing the period of doubling something under ton years. We cannot, however, calculate on so rapid a progress in future. The increase from thb excess of births over deaths, will, without doubt, remain unchecked for ug«s ; but although iinmi-l«^4*M — •MOii^ rf>- wji**- o_^** g>g>to J ~ - C 4. I - -^ QC (.Q !■:. <4 ' ■ ■ s So ";»* .-. N— ta. I-. — . bi. I Mb .-iit fcUg^U'."OC&»: I ^. 1 .»u — w 1 00 juU w 1 Cf> Ju The efTuct of this great deficiency of females must materially reduce the rate of increase be- low that which would be exhibited by an equal proportion. Its injurious effect upon population is fur greuter than is indicated by mere num- bers, inusinuch as it promotes incontinence to an extent sufficient, we should say, to destroy the fecundity of as many more. To reduce the statement to figures, a populv'.ion of 2G0,992, consisting of 137,859 males, and 123,133 fe. males, that is wanting 14,726 females — would only be as prolific as a population of 216,814, equally proportioned in other words, there would be on on average 14,726 females, and 29,432 males, wholly inoperative in continuing the race. A country favorably situated for increasing its population will, without the aid of immigra- tion, doable its numbers in twenty.five yesri. uj and uite un> r which ithin the e should on redu> avorably p exhibit. n poHses- inrortun* B of each n ihe re. any con> oportions ween tba le» in each yeais 1331 e n H » O H i^ f ? a s- J;^ 1 ^ •-■ - :n Ni' j3 »l s \\l\ 1 :y of fomalcs ' increase be. i by an equal III population r mere num. ontinnnce to y, to destroy Co reduce tlie n of 260,993, I 123,133 fe. nales — would ,n of 216,814, 3, there would , and 29,452 ntinuing the for increasing A of immigra. nty.five years, '^: a:ff:^ ^^ K '■ >^^,,. •' ft! ' : < <^; ' -^'it ' ''-'^ ' '-' ' ''-'' ' '' ■, ' -''-.i ' .^.'.-,'%i^ ' '^''y -f -' ■^y '^'t K -' ; ' ' ' ' '- :^ -: '''**V^ v"r tj'iVf," : m .'^•i'- ' ' -wis /i-w^'^ .*^<^ ^,^«- *^ ^ ' Thia requim an annual ineraaw of 3 per cent. Were llio sexes equally proportioned, we know of no country more likely to exhibit that rate of increaso than Upper Canada. Soil, climate, internal communication, the state of industry, all are favorable. An accumulating rate of 3 per cent, could scarcely be maintained without an equal distribution of the sexes ; hence we may assume, that notwithsiandins tlin more fa- vorable circunistnnces ofth« U|iper Province, compared with those of the Lower Province, the rate of increase from procreation alone, is about the same as that of Lower Canada — namely, 2| per cent. Having, ns wo before stated, no mean* of sup. plying tho dpficiencies of. the annual Returns, we shall take them as they stand, and assuming the natural rate of increase, as above fixed, the balance will bo the increase from immigration. The last 'total exhibited by the following table is not from actual Returns. The Assessors' Ac. counts, usually made up in April, have not os yet been made public for the year 1831 ; hence, we assume that the number of settlers said to have gone to Upper Canada in 1833 have actual. ly remained in that Province. Tahle showing the ToUil I'lipuhtion of each District of Upper Canada for each of the yean from 1829 to 1833. t3 yi OS S a 3 DB 3~~ 3 °' 3 ■• 2 = 3 ? S " 18 •< » » 3 « "2 " = S 2 g. -^ 3 'B 3 = 3 • |S.|i»3 • I • ■ I (D • S ■ • • I I • I • I • « ■ * t I I • I • t • t • I >4 n §1 w % >-• ui 2 to Z> S> tji <-• u< \zi £ en u< t£ Q -• c u< I s 5 i •o — ^ ^ S^ I M *^ u ta ^s M 1^ ^s CO ts w . t« JO tJ -4 ( > ■a 3. > •a Much has been said in the Upper Canada par- per? of the increase of that Province by moans of immigration. If a dosen passengers arriv. at a Canadian town from the American shore, the fict is blazon'd forth in every journal of thu Province, whilst t'le numbers that pass into Mi. chigan from the Western District are seldom spoken of. The number of persons who have annually proceeded to Upper Canada by the way of the St. Lawrence is accurately register- ed. The nett gain of Upper Canada by meana of immigration is exhibited by the above table, and the balance between the two numbers will show whether the migration between the United StatoM and Canada be in 'avour of the former or tho latter country. Hears. Supposed lohnvp gone to U. C. Actitnl increase from immigiation Dejuienry or Excess 1929. . . . 1930. . . 1931.... 1932. . . . 1933. . . . 127515 197 iO 26500 35H)0 19018 15)71 17«7 20 1? 29027 1804d +2315 — 893 ~ fi05^ - 5973 Totals 111U21 100115 — 10609 So that tho interohiinge of people t>otu'een Ca. nada and the United States, during the five years ending 1833, has am-mnted to nearly 11,000 agiiinpt Cannd.). It is said that since the spring of 1833 iho tide has been setting towards Upper Canada ; but so it has been said every year, yet tho censuses stubbornly refuse to realize the ex- pectations of the people of Upjier Canada on the point. That mnny have gone to 1'pper Canada by way of New York we know, but ive suspect a larger number havo gone to the States by the St. Liwrence. By the litter route the rate of paFsage is low, and although the accommoda. tions, if such they can be colled, arc wretched, the poor cannot choose. On the other hand, those in better circumstances can choone the New York route, which is not only a more com. fortable access to Canada, but eniblos tlie immi. grant to reash the place of his destination at an earlier period of the year. PUPULATION OF THB LOWER PROVINCES^ NOVA SCOTIA, NEW BEUNSWWKy 4f NOVA SCOTIA. Th« last census of the Proviiide of l^ova Scotia was taken in the yoar 1827. It is com> ^fehensivo in its detaits, nnd was at the time ge. nernllj eonsi<^ored nccurato. The rollowing is Am abstract of its contents : — 4 n J* 9 s e ■-> & a a a S er S- s u< > U (.3 3> >-i «. *^ : Is-, (S VJ9 A. — .^tnsi Jk w — U< U< £ U< C< ^ 4^ :ss _Uoc-4uo 4. ^. -3 ? a S -S. l-fi T.. M » go — 5= ui •« w 3 WtOU<9>£ >d w ^ M ^s u> I •.).!-• mm ~. u te ifib I-' ts I ta *^ -^t ^^ \J\ U^ Boftisis. to -» v> ■?> I I l.iilhrr, ns. ItifseiilerH (rnm Ih' Kf- MM. Church of Enirlnnd. I SI I I I I I I Do. Srntlnnd. f'iiJI)pr.w/)V« £3l I I I I I I I I Sanhmifii nm .M-I I I Qiiaker.i. I I I I Suiedenhmgii. I I I I I , I Jens. I I I I .. I I I I I I An •4 5 If we assume thut the slutemc-nt )if births and deaths Air tliu year cuinciites with Ihe a vi-fa^o, wa hiive i2,G55 us (he iiicrense of the popul.iiinrf ih It year. Deducting then Q.fi.W frnin the fn^ pnlation iif the year we huve 121, rg.) ns the po. pukition of ihe previonv year, whi'th'fiii'niMliecf OS with that 8ur|iluR numlier of births. Th<-s» d.ita cniiliie us lo find the rate nf innreaxe by procreutiun, wliiuh is sontething under 2 1.5 per cent, per nmiuni, — a rate ounsiiWibly belnW that which Lower Canada, an we have already khewn, exhibits. Tlie increase by immigration we liave no inuanH of asccrtaininsr. thciugh wo have reason t<> l>('lii>ve it is nut very nfM — certunly not much exceeding 1^ per cunt, on the popiila. tion^ — (or tlio last vevtinteen ^r eiirhtei-n years. In 1817 a ci^nsus was tuiteii, which give 8(i,6(i8 as thu pnpuhition at thut t me, wliich gives the annual rate ef iiicrniiKfl as nearly ')} per cont., and the accumulition in ten years as 41) per cent., making the period of duubliug nineteen years and a half. If these O'llcul.itions bo correct, and thoy can. not bo matorially wrnng, wo sifall hive 1.54 4<>1' as the population at thti clusn of IM33. If iin. migration have exceeded from 1,5011 to 2,0110 a. year (litrini; the lust six ye.irs. the populiiinn mny probably now reach, or even excoud 160,000. There is tlio samn deficioncy of females rci niarkable in the populition of Nnv:i !>!cotia as wo huve already noticed in that of Upper Ca- nada There are Males f>3,7r.9 Fcnial?8 .... 60,132 or = 1.055 1,000 Deficiency . - 3,34V And if the effoct lie such as we have supposed, when spe.'iking ofthe same foaturo in thopnpula. tinn nf Upper Canada, wo heve a population of 12:i8l8 only as efficient as one of 114,150. Most of the inhabitants of Nova Scotia speak the English language, the exception be. ing only that small remnant of the oppressed Acadians, who preserve all their distinutivq characteristics. They do not soatter them. s ii MlT«a om tha eCfQiitr; ; peithei do they int^r. mix with thoH of Englith descent. They are ■implrin their manners and habits, cheerful in t!ieir disposition, courteous and hospitable to straufers, and strictly moral. In short, they are rouoh like our own population, except that they want the intelligence which the Canadian peasant possesses. NEW BBUMSWICK. A eensos of the population of this Frovinea was taken in 1824, which gave the following re> flulta :— PopuJalion of New Bniruwiek by Countm. '^ S a or » =.= o S 3 • » = • "^ fO III I tSr * * O 9 III • I 1. o- O o a a H H S MOtWOO M >IU<* Ui iO i» 'H'tO JO J3 ;i o 2 ? ■° £3 s a. S s. es, ft) M. S n a o' ** "* S. 00 2. 3 S • s- i -s B as. S3, e.->3 H* * C 3 fl> 2.2 m 3 3-S ■a hq - IS- gel -5- ff' "I- T* OB > Mr. BoucHETTB supposes the population of New Brunswick to have increased 19,524 in se. ver veors ; in the absence of more satisfuctory data, wn shall assume the population to have in. nreased at the sama rate as that of Nova Scotia, which will give 101,830 as the population at the close of 1833. A census has recently bean tak. en, but it has not been made public. We ■hould not be surprised to find it give a higher number than our assumed total, as a very con. liderablo influx of immigrants has taken place within the last two or three years. We need scarcely say that we are quite unable to furnish any details. CAPE BRETON. We cannot find any record of a census of this iiland for many years past. In Boucubtte's " Aeoount .of the British Dominion^ wtt find the population stated in round numbers a« high as 30,000 in 1831. As no cannot suppose b^ would give a number without good authority, we shall assume that to have been the popult* tion at the close of that year, which, supposing the rate of increase to be 3 per cent-, will give 31,800 as the population at the close of 1833. raiNOB EDWARD'S ISLAND. A census of the population of Prince Edward's Island was taken in the summer of 1S33, under tlte authority of a statute of the Legislature of that Inland. The following is an abstract i— Males 16,»10 Females .... 15,452 Total Population ... —— 32,293 Insane - - . .57 Aeres of Land occupied .... 387,616 Acres of improved Land occupied • . 94,631 Cows 13.869 Oxen 3,377 Other kinds of Neat Cattle • • 13,182 Horsss 6,299 Sheep 50,510 Hogs ao,7(» fBushels of Wheat • . 128,350 Raised during) *• Barley • • 38,851) the lost Year. 1 » Oats • • 261,664 I " Potatoes • • 1,310,063 Grist Mills . . . . / 46 Saw Mills 29 Schools 74 Children under 16 years. ( ^'le. '■ '■T'^O Total under 10 years - 16,207 sc'^oiars. (K,«,, : : : :'.|?| Total number of Scholars - - 8,166 It exhibits the saino want of females as we havo already had occasion to notice in other Colonies ; the defi<'ioncy in this case being 9 per cent., miking the populatinn only as effici. ent as one of 28,128 equ-jlly divided. Of immi- gration, mortality, births and marriages, rate of increase, and so forth, « e have no information. Adding half a year'c increase we have 32,676 as the number at the close of 1833. NEWFOUNDLAND. We have seen vnrious estimates of the popu. lation of Newfoundland. Mr. Bouohbttb says, *' it has recently been rated as high as 90,000, bnt truth will probibly be more strictly consult, ed in fixing the number at 75,000." We have seen some estimatcii fixing it as high as 100,000. The Third Report of the Committee of tho House of Common -J on Emigration gives 63,644 as the to:nl of a census in 1825. We are not aware of uny census of so late a date, but wa presume it must have been from some private estimate. So scattered, and at the same time so fluctuating, is the population of that peculiar- ly circumstanced Island, that no reliance could be had on any census for twelve months after its publication, as a change in a treaty, or a 8ta> tute, might drive half its inhabitants to sonw other «hore. 19 Ai for the rata of ineraaie, we should not eonsider it to be very great— probably not over 2^ per cent., which rate gives 77,541 as the po. pulation of Newfoundland at the close of 1833. We believe the Legislature of last Session au. thorized a census during the present year. Having gone through the offiotal information with which we have been able to meet, and cor- rected the whole for the close of the last year, we aro now able to give our readers a Table of the Population of the whole of the British Ame- ricftn Provinoas fbr tha yaar 1833. Table iff Ihe Populatim tf the BritUt Amtrieait Co- lonie$, giving (Ae htat CentuM cftoA, mi (hi uti- mated Population :''!'•' >. t ', ■ !:'' ?.■-.'■ ■■ r.; .'" ■ " ■.' ■■ f-.Kc'. :.- ■ :■'■-■■■ .'■ -■ .'■.:! '■>• = ■■' i:,. 3 :■*■-.:.■! (••: :. i / ■so/;: ■■ ■ .;r'-i '-••'•■'■ "■'■'■ J. ; J L r ,.; u '1.-. 1 T". .-.row ; . .:^',r. . -::; v : ■ :: :.-. ■■ ■• H\''. .':)•• I .•; .V ;< .;i ■•_ ■'. -'■ ■ > ... _. S.J \ .i •J AmtrieoH Co- , and tha uH. gta ate Pomila- 1,917 },544 1,176 9,000 2,298 3,644 036.4SO 388,005 194,400 101,830 31,800 92,676 77,541 icrj l,846k«l 1-, {; I ', ■ -.7