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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, ii est filmA A partir de i'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes sulvants illustrent la mAthode. ita ure. ] 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mmm / ft.'!,. rt'. n 0^' Fim ATioi y^^C.:^. GUIBE TO V PRINCE E|>W.|lt© 13MND, W^' I VCrAUBBIiT -',■■■•'■ • . SAINT J^Oirms^ GULPH OF ST. LAWRENCE, •' « •';■»''. NORTH AMERICA. *'^; mm ' '•■t;'r :..■•■■■■■ •■"',:^: ,::;; .'ipAirrwHiTiittifr "^ ..v**«^ #' ^ «•■ /'■*^ '^^ ( ' ;#■ » % 5' nr f £/ iia^MjiiBBJrt Jfa ll WWW MiBfWgWHI BlMmM i W I AIJ ^'W W i ' ■ ' ^ P' M »^ CEVERAL years have past since a number o^ adventurers contrived to become proprietar.<^ 0f some lands in Prince Edward Island ; and with a TJew to sell those lands, they undertook to print a description of the place. From that time to the present, various land jobbers have occasion- ally followed their example ; printing being a cheap, an expeditious, and, too frequeiitly, a sure method of practising on the unwary. A He without any foundation is seldom dangerous«*-for insllince, if it were said that there was a flourish- ing Island, where, in fact, there was nd Island,^ - in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, the assertion would be discredited, and no injury would be done ; but to say that an Island, absolutely sub- tisting, is possessed of properties vastly superiot^ to what it really enjoys, and thereby induce aii uninformed man to venture his sill upon false grounds, is coming within the pale of the Church^k" malediction, *' Cursed be he (hat leadeth (he blind out of his way." These falsehoods, tissued upon the ground- work of truth, have fuined some persons, and materially injured others. The. Edi- tor has seen, with indignation and tvith pity, the *'i I* .Ml A 2 .m^ iv diKappoinfmciii of emigrants on their first landing in Prince Edward Island, under those wrong ideas ; entirely nnfitted for the Country; bringing arti- cles which would not be wanted for twenty years to come, and omitting almost every thing abso- lutely necessary. He has seen establishments landed for the most improved and refined agri- culture, when there was not a good farmer on the Island ; splendid curricles and wheeled carriages, when there was but one road, and that a short one, suiBcietit for a small cart; illumination lamps, when there was scarcely a window suffi-^ ciently large to hold a dozen ; and opera hats^ when the hall doors would hardly admit them on the wearer's head. Poor people have been told of spontaneous crops in the wilderness; and qleared land in places where they could hardly find their way twenty yards straight forward. To establish a faithful guide for a steady-mind- ed emigrant, who may not have access to a disinterested or informed person, and to rescue the public character of Prince Edward Island from the obloquy it has sustained by those shame- ful puffs, is the object of the following compilation. A few pages will contain all the information absolutely requ isite respecting the Colony : the Editor has avoided plagiarism, or high-flown descriptions of an oak tree, or a wild gooseberr/ ■»^ bmh, — rather wishing I > ^ Nor is this description uninteresting to Proprie- tors of land in the Colony : particular pains hnvc been taken to represent the Editor as their enemy. To an honorable proprietor he will chearfnlly lend bis exertions; to a ravenf^ua, tricking land jobber, he will be ever an opponent : he does not conceive any man to be worthy of support who endeavors to cheat tiihet Government or the Public ; yet such Creatures have misled, and absolutely made t/t- strumentSf of Gentlemen proprietors. If the heirs of the grantees shall ever be ruled by those narrow-minded men, t^hen their acts will be mean, short-sighted, and unworthy of themselves ; un- worthy of the confidence bestowed on their ances- tor!) by the crown, and which many original settlers reposed in them, when they first went into the woods, under the promise that they should soon have neighbours, which would make> their farms valuable. But if the respectable proprietors will think for themselves, and act with system ; if they will throw open their lands to shoals of. persons now meditating to go to the States of America, not only from the United Kingdom, but from different conquered countries under foreign tyranny; in short,, if they will act with unanimity, and even VI w hi m with moderate liberality, by voluntarily giving up a part of their property in order to promote settle* mcnt in the Colony, and by assisting the operation of the present inhabitants, — they will soon find that the war is not an obstacle to prevent their estates from becoming almost immediately of very great value. A measure somewhat similar to this was once proposed, and most infamously perverted i it had nevertheless some success, though not all (hat was expected ; but wc cannot argue from th« abuse. f»» },♦.'- toU - ff : ttotrijAiryo vr i*/ *« '•< t[\ u '^d ft , V*l A A Let a liberal proprietor compare this system with what has been practised ; parrying the orders of Government ; watching each others motions, expecting, in vain, some active characters to step forward, by whose exertions the idler might profit. Combating the encreasing ability and remonstrances of the Islanders, and letting im- mense tracts of land lie idle until the population of the Colony should, without further assistance, extend to seventeen times its present amount, the lots in the mean time being liable to forfeiture, surely the choice is too evident io admit of argument. »-tv ,1 ^. ..;i - i The Proprietors will find something new here ; and the Editor hopes they will make the best use of their information. • i^ - .-■^, ■ ■ ' ♦ '. . . T>-^w •■:»;. Wirt JTfiih, h .;>;»;'.. " IW . F l» > TWf I H ^IfPpiPPPPTY W 4 I*,* « I >J..i /^ifl -turei!; \' jir ^ vJ i JLI Ju .•;. . v^ ^PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, V .,d.vw..,,: NORTH AMERICA. ..,,,,.,:, »'V.*.>;; .fit', 'ii* f ,1 '/ ^"^ ,.* i . . ■» (i.'oi.i vir^. ■» iittlt jitu) OMIU tJcU ii. liUJ:;,i* ii p.LV»»<^ f. fiVf <;,: . ^HE North Cape or this Island is situated in litilude 47** 2'North,attJ longitude tfS" 49' west. The exlretne op- posite Cape is in latitude 46° loiigitude 6*'^^ 13'- The Island is formed like a crescent, or haif moon — the distance from the North Gapetothe East Point, being the extremities on the north side, is about 40 leagues, in a right line, or 60 leagues measured along shore. Its breadth is very unequal, as it is indented with bays on the north and south side: in some places it is forty miles wide, — in other places, the distance between the salt water on the north and south side is less than two miles. The distance from Tutmagouche, in Nova Scotia, (86 miles from Halifax,) to Charlotte Town, in Prince Edward Island, is eight leagues > from Cape Tor- ment, in Nova Scotia, to Gape Traverse, on the Island, is three leagues, — and the West Point of the Island is less than live leagues distant from Richibucto, in New Brunswick. The general passage from this Island to Liverpool is about.3Q 8 dayi, (it hai been made in nearly hatf the time) ; to the WeM \i)A\t* ^0 days: to Halifax, Ncwfotindland, or Ca- nada, lets than a week. Three Rivers and Charlotte Town, on the south side of the Island, are harbours for first-rate ships of war; Murray Harbour and Bedeque, on the south tide of the Island, with Richmond Bay and Holland Bay, on the north side, are good harbours for large merchant ships ; Grenville Bay, on the north side, and BroJceiby, (or Crappo,) on the south side, are harbours for vessels of 200 or 250 tons. And there are various harbours for coasters, viz. Or- well anJ Egmoiit Bays, on the south sir : and the herring of this Island, froin their peculiar delicacy, are calculate for the West India market, whereas the herring of Nova Scotia are too rank to preserve during the passage to a hot country. There are several other fish, which are caught In the bays and harbors ; saliooji trout, probably the finest in the world, elwives, stur- geon, salmon, roackarel, soals, bass, &c. Shell fish, such as lobsters and oysters, are exceedingly plenty, and of a very fine quality. The seal fishery is very productive. Small schooners, going out at the of^ning of the springs have fre- quently, in three weeks' time, brought in each 700 seals. Wild fowl swarm here, and game is in great plenty. The wild goose, barnacle, (orbrant,]andduck, have a particularly nice flavor. The snow bird is not inferior to the orfo- Ion. Partridges are excellent, and run almost tame in the woods. The rabbit, or rather hare, of this Island, is much admired by epicures. ' j i. i • • • ' fiivers, streams, and springs are remarkably fine, ami !o great abundance throughout the Colony, which promote comfort, and assist navigation. •' ; i Probably there is not any place that can boast a purer cli* mate than Prince Edward Island, Among eight thousand inhabitants, which it contains, there has never been au epi- demic distemper. Sickness is considered very extraordinary, and there is but one medical practitioner on the island. The summer is hotter than in England ; the winter much coldefi by the thermometer, yet always attended with an azure sky, and a serene purity of atmosphere, that braces the human constitution, and renders the cold much less unpleasant and 'is ?. ,1 III h 16 injurious Cin the heavy, chilling, damps of England. There are not any violent storms or hurricanes. The win- ter's length is uncertain, generally from the latter end of December to the beginning of April : it begins with deep snows and severe frosts. The harbors freeze up, and all communication with the Continent ceases, except by an ex- press boat, constructed to go on either ice or water, and in which two persons take the mail in wimer. Not only in this Colony, but throughout Nova Scotia and North America, the winters huve been much warmer within the last fifteen or twenty years, and are still becoming more temperate, owing, it is supposed, to the quantity of wood cleared away. Of the present inhabitants of this Colony, about 4000 are natives ; the rest are emigrants, principally from Scotland ; but there are numbers from England, Ireland, and America. About 1000 inhabitants are of the original Acadian French ; and there area few Indians, (quiet useful characters.) The people are long lived, active, and athletic; friendly, hospitable, and honest. One capital punishment only has taken place during the last twenty years. ,. ,.- i The Islanders reside in wooden houses, built in general with very great dispatch, but very little system. When a stranger first settles on his land, his nearest neighbours, as the first act of friendship, come to build his house, and frequently bring their provisions with them : they cut dowm trees, and carry or haul the logs (or trunk ) to the scite of the house : iLhe dimensions are described by four of those logs, laid on the ground, let into each other by notches, near the end ; and the wiiUs «ire formed by other logs^ laid on those, in lik^ II manner. The roof U covered with boards, and sometimes rhitids of trees. Tlic chimney, aix>ve the fire place, is com])osed of clay, worlced up with straw, and stuck iniu a kind ufwoodai rrame,witli light crossbars, resembling ladders put together. The liule fruui whence the clay n d,»};, iornis the cellar. The walls of the house arc dui^bed, inside and out, either with an axe or an adze ; the interstices are stopped with moss or clay, and spaces are cut out for the duoi s and windows. • M Twenty men will cut down a sufficient number oii trees, and build a small house in one day : this house h^t- it<> pro- prietor until he can clear, land and alibrd to build a better one, which is made of Iratned work,, hlled in with clay, and weather-boarded ; the foundation and chimnies built of stone. But tliis kind of dwelhngs will soon give place to Wick houses, which can be built for less money, as experience proves. The settler begins to clear his land by cutting down the trees, and setting fire to them, piling tfie wood to make it burn better; the roots remain in the ground, but they are ^o destroyed by fire that they vVill rot, and can be pulled out in a few years, by a team of oxin, with a chain. In the mean time he hoes the laud between ihcm, or sometimes uses a one* handled plough. Mi- .it l'^..T-k ■4tiUii>.i. ^» Wheat, sown in this rough way, will frequently produce three or four aiid twenty bushels, for one. sowed. A Win- chester bushel of merchantable wheat should weigh sixty pounds. The usual time of sowing is aboui .ne middle of May, and reaping generally begins about the middle of IAiigast:!xnaupsh liay is ia greiatplenC)^, aad is a muteriai -I asiistauce ro qew settlers. C arts vet used in summer ;. sleighs iwkh'shod: runners (a very -easy and excellcDt conveyaace) iire used in winter. 1 ' ,^ If, i. The Inhabitants are unacquainted with luxury, fet they enjoy peace and comfort. Some are rick, and there are not any mendicants, three or Four people only receiving alms. Land has lately risen very much in price; wilderness land is from ten to twenty shillings per acre ; cleared land more than double that amount. The usual rents of the Island are about one shilling per acre. It may not be improper to mention the retail price of sundry articles in June, 1607* — Wheat 6s. per bushel. Barley 48. Oats 2s. 6d. Beef 3 |d. per pound. Pork £^ 10s. per barrel. A Sheep, weighing about 50lb 19s. A pair of young working Oxen, weighing each about 6 cwt. JBIB* A milch Cow, weighing about 4 cwt« and €alf, £6 Ss. An Ox Hide 10s. 6d. Fowls Is. each. £ggs gd. per dozen. Butter Is. per pound.— Cheese 8d. per pound. Turkies 6s. each. Geese 3n. 6d. Wild Geese 2s. Barnacle and Wild Duck 1a 3d. Partridges and Rabbits 6d. Herrings 208. per barrel, (they could be cau^ in large quantities, and sokl for half that sumj. Cod, dry, 15s* per hundred. Trout 28. per dozen. A Bass 6d. A Lobster id. A bushel of Oysters Is. The above sums art given in the currency of ths Island, which is ibund, by add> ing one-ninth part to sterling money : for instance, a guinea passes for ^1 ds. 4d. • . ^ 1* . Horses are in general small, but exceedingly hardy and use* ful : a goodfigure of a horse, six years old and fourteen hands high, may be had for fourteen guineas ; they require Uttle or no care, and work well at 20 years of age. -» ■ 4,- ■ vr,'' Pine Timber, delivered, 15s. per toa of 40 fieet. Haid Wood, such as Oak, Birch, &x. 17s. 6d. per ton. Bear Skiiu^from IA%. to SOt* each. Fox Ditto 7^, Uutia .■Jjj'ii'i-. !^'.' ,(-?.i> 'i'^^R rw— f m , 6d. ■ - . . . ^ f ; f ■ The average price of labour is 48. per day : in harvest it Is 5s*; in winter 38. If the employer finds victuals, he de- ducts from 15d. to ISd. per diem. Masons have generally 6s. per day and their board: Carpenters 5s. "''■ -yK*/«2f '|^ There is but one Town in the Island, vik. Chai4M('U«.?')',. k.«"' ■f'>'{^:.i/'// This Island is governed, under his Majesty, by a Gover- nor, Council, and House of Representatives •, the Governor, (stiled bis Excellency,) has the same power which the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland had, when that country had a separate Parliament. - The Council are similar to the House of Peers, of England ; and they also act, in an executive cafmci- ty, as the Governor's Privy Council : they are comjwsed of nine resident Gentlemen, chosen by the Governor, ' The House of Representatives are elected, four members by each County, and two by each Royally; eighteen altogether in number, as there are three Counties, and a Royalty to each ; thus.the House of Assembly is formed similar to the British Parliament. The Governor is Chancellor, and holds a Court as such. The powers of the three law Courts of Xngland are united hf the Supreme .Court, where a Chief Justice and PuUn,e Judges sit, and try records byjuiies; there are also Sessions, Sheriffs, Magistrates, Sec. the same as 15 The Clerical establUhment of the Church of England Is paid by Government ; every other sect supports its own Clergy and place of worship. There are three Regiments of Militia, one to each County, who do temporary duty ; altogether amounting to about 1500 men, and a small detachment of regular troops. ^^ ^ ,^^ ^ When we see the bleak and humid moimtains of Nova Scotia, the barren and rocky coast of Cape Breton and Nevv- foundhnd, the unproductive shores of New Brunswick, even the distant and distempered climate of Upper Canada, covered by inhabitants, within a few years past, and one-seven- teenth part of Prince Edward Island not yet settled, — it is dif- ficult for strangers to supjMse that the place could have possessed all the natural advantages here enumerated, and yet have been neglected for nearly hali a centurv past; Mariners ignorant of its harbours. Geographers unacquainted with its qualities, or its local extent. Some fatal evil must have prevailed, to prevent those qualities from being called into action ; quali- ties which cannot fail, at a period not very far distant, to render this place, in shipping, commerce and agriculture, a Trans- Atlantic England. The history of this Colony will soon ex- plain its misfortunes. ., . .^^^ " 1 1758, it was surrendered by a few Acadian French to the British Forces ; and sometime afterwards, a plan was formed by Ministers to divide the Island into 67 lots of 30,0(J0 acres each, and grant those lots to German Officers, who (under the German laws, but subject to the Bruish Government) were to train a feudal military tenantry for his Majesty's service. A change of Ministry changed, thi^ plan, except that the proportions of land were adhered to: anft 4 i 16 f this beautiful Island wa«, in one day, granted away to 67 ^roprietdfs, officers, and various characters, who wei-e cimi- sidered to liave claims on Government for former services. ' 1'hc grantees agreed to pay a yearly quit rent to the crown, and to scfiL- their lots with inhabitants, at the rate of ]00 aouls to each lot : not one proprietor, of the sixty seven, complied with these terms ; a few settlers liave been sent out occasionally; some of the Acadian French, who had been frightened away at the conquest, returned ; some^Americani found their way to the Island, and various characters from Europe, in general poor and uninformed ; the officers ofGovemmentwerefewin number, with inadequate salaries. From this collection of people, a Council and House of Representatives were chosen, and their conduct was just such as might have been expected ; every little public pecula- tion was used ; the Colonial Government and the inhabitants were involved in wrangles, while the Island (which by proper nanagement would have amply supplied them all) remained unimproved. A part of the quit rent fund was collected ; this money was ordered by the Grown to be laid out in Roads and Public Buildings, but it sunk among the Colonial Officers. The proprietors (with a very few exceptions) declined to pay their quit rents, or send any settlers to their tots, yet they m.inaged to keep his Majesty's Ministers ua- informed oC these circumstances ; for the majority of the House ef Representatives, and some of the Council, were toiants or agents of those proprietors; and while the Colony was consigned to total neglect, it was not uncommon to see a flourishing statement of its prosperity sent to Goverment by is to encounter them, without knowledge as to method, or acquaintance with that necessary qualiBcation — the use of an axe. Mosquitos are a worrying insect to a new settler, un- til he clears away some of his woods, and opens his land to the welcome breeze. Want of many little luxuries and some conveniences, unfinished roads, remote situation, limited society, cold weather, and the ground covered with snow nearly four months in the year ; — ail those objects should be taken into the calculation of any person who deliberates be- fore he quits a certain establishment, and adventures to Prince Edward Island. Too many people come out without these previous considerations : be it observed, however, that either all those objections, or others equally strong, hold good with respect to every place on the c mtinent of America. Perse^ verance is the grand requisite : that vijrtu^, with moderate health, and dommon honesty, will infallibly secure success, if we may judge by the characters who have heretofore come forward in the Island. There is an extensive field for the exercise of abilities ; but in the general way, very little ta- lent is required. The climate renovates and braces the con- stitution, and the axe goes chearly when the labourer works upon land which is his own and his {josterity's for ever. A. growing family are growing treasures. In short, two or three years overcome every thing. Yet without persever- ance, an Englishman should stay at home» 20 But tet it not be supposed, that the inhabiunts live without relaxation rrom labor. A taMerul mind, formed for simple pleasures, would not, in this Island, be without its enjoy- ments. The Officers orCuvernmcnt, the Professional gen- tlemen of Charlotte Town and their families, together with several |)ersons, natives of the United Kingdom, distributed throughout the Colony, enjoy their little gaiiies, imitated by (heir humble neighbors. Summer is not without its parties, by land and water ; and the rapidity and ease of winter tra- velling, promotes many pleasing expeditions. Theatrical amusements, balls and assemblies, pass away long nights ; and rounds of neighborly visits shorten and enliven the cold season ; but any thing like expensive dissipation is discoun- tenanced, and indeed unknown. The grand gala day of this Island is the second of November, being the birth*day of its Patron Prince, His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, whose discriminating character, and active attention in favor of the Island, is justly respected by the inhabitants. There is not any sum paid by the inhabitants of Prince Edward Isbnd as a tax, levy, or duty, except one shilling per gallon duty upon all wines and spirits imported, and a small sum paid by retailers of spirits and tavern keepers, for a yearly license. This has an alluring sound ; yet it is at- tended with one inconvenience—- the want of cash in circula- tion. No bank has as yet been establhhed, and trade is car- ried on by barter, which renders many shopkeepers neces- sary, and obliges every person to be, more or less, his own merchant. Sucli has been the case in all new countries ; a short time will put a stop to it ; it certainly is a present in- convenience, and such as emigrants should be apprised of« ^( T- SI Persons residing in the United Kingdom, who wish to emigrate to Prince Edward Inland, have Various oppoituni- tiesof rinding a passage. IT lliey go in numberSf of course ihcy will charter a sliip, take out goods, and send back tim- ber, which can always be purchased at the Island : thus their passage money may be saved, and a handsouue profit made by the voyage. Persons wishing, to go out singly, may hear of Vessels from Liverpool daily ; cither direct to Prince Edward island, or to Halifax, St. John's, New Brunswick, Pictou, or Newfoundland, from whence safe roasters are constantly going to the Island. In like manner Vessels may be generally found going from London ; from Waterford, in Ireland ; from the diRlrent ports of Scotland ; from Poole, Newcastle, aiui various other parts of England, by applying to brokers. The general rate of cabin passage out, is about 20 or 35 guineas, for which the passenger is found with ship's provisions : any exceedings, such as fowls, liquors. Sec. he pays for additionally. The Packet sails every month from Falmouth to Halifax, except in November, December, January, and February, when she goes to New York. Her accommodation for passengers is very complete : they are found in wines, &c. and pay 50 guineas each. Or a pas- sage may be had on board American vessels bound to Bostoni or some of the Eastern ports of the United States; but freight should not be brought that way, and the passage is at least 6{jO miles round, besides being disagreeable, on account of the fugs and currents in the bays of Massachusets and Fundy« There is scarcely an instance of an English vessel having been captured on her way to or from Prince Edward Island, or the adjacent ports. Ships generally stretch off to the north, where it would be unsafe for an enemy to cruize. The Irish Channel is preferable to embark from, inasmuch as it i^ ^■hv...-. i* "^ aflbrds icrurity rrom captur?, and great expedition in a pas* t»ge. There are many decided advantages in freighting a ^vessel out frt ui Liverp(Md : salt, gunpowder, earthen ware, woollen cluthi, Muncliester goods, iron, hardware, &c. are all to lie had there, on the best terms. Salt, bricks, coal, and sundry other articles, can l)e taken out as ballast, which saves charges. Any oF the articles before mentioned, with malt liquor, particularly in bottles, good cheese, Irish linens, teas, !Hlops, bhnkets, IxMts and shoes, books and stationary, &c. will generally find a g% If to ProTidcttn Ku^il'd* K Ob I in tbv iunnificei>cu: ; •«theTr«9tAtla«io World. . To that quiet* p«M«M Iil^ th«t«'tl# atari %iniiit'llqr ''O^i-L-nni'l^^ji ■> Tjjjrti fiiili t|i|Ni(fiiitiiw>*>»>t<^ K B^ra B>* ner^dliu siMwd apraig j| '^po twhorV y^y>jw d , fiiffingdnisatitvMmim: «€ i.v tlMNT r^ PWdH«owtt%^^»w.,,:,;,,:^j/^:.-, ' ■ i tf iii i II 11 i ."m ' •' <0' ij irfi i MH ii i V fi ilf ; i i ■ t U 'ItlJi li rn ' l I i n- nn I i i i n .1 *. ■ t t **>,