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 TRADITION S "''-r 
 
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 JOSEPH POPE. 
 
 ^V<^ weapon that is formed against ikcc. shall prosper, and ever)> ion^of 
 kaf shall rise ui^ain.t thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. 
 
 ' , , l.-MAM LIV- 17. 
 
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 T^_|; CATHOLIC Truth Society 
 
 OF OXT>i^-W^.A^. 
 
 
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 42537 
 
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 OFFICERS FOR 1891-92. 
 
 
 
 .-M 
 
 Patron 
 V ai« (iaACE T^E, AKGHBISHOf QF OTTAWA. 
 
 'V,-;: " "■^' ■*'■ ' ■■ President '■" - 
 
 ' 'The Hon. Sir J. S. I). THOMi'SOu, .8. C. M. G , Q. U. '" 
 Isf. ViM'Pi'exid'mt. ^^ ;vv;'' .^W. Vice- Presi dent. l^ 
 Hev'ci. M .). VVhslan.' 'v'" ••■•V "•"■)■;,• PijjN Bah h Hayes [$. 
 
 Secretary ■'•■, i-^" ^.r;,:- < :^'4: 
 
 V \V. L. Scott, 74 Sparks St. 
 
 " Treasurer ■ ' 
 
 J. A. MaoCabb, LL, D., 434 Somerset St 
 
 ; f; '' Committee 
 Hevd Canon McCarthv, Uev'd A. Pallikb, O M. I Kev'd. T. Ooi 
 JotKPH Pope, J. B. Lynch, E. L. Sandkrs, John (soKMAif, 
 . .) A. J. McKbnna, Wm. Kkarns, A. Faekt-and, M D. ,4 
 
 ''■■ .,.;,,,/ ^ ^j'!-. ■ Auditor's -; ,- 
 
 ' ^, John O'Meara, J A. McCann. 
 
 
 
 *• 
 
 LIST OF PUBLCCATIONS. 
 
 PAMPHLETS AT NOMINAL COST. 
 
 }io. 1— Thk Catholic Troth Society, itb aihts and ohjrcts. 
 No. 2— TRAniTioNs— Jos. Pope. ', : ;, 
 
 V v5€ts. each or $2.60 per 100. 
 
 The Society's publicalions and moat of those of the C:*tholic Tru 
 Society ot England ^nd of the Catholic Trnth Society of America no 
 be h.id from the secretary or at any of the following depOts . — 
 J. DURIE ft SON, 33 ft 35 Spark a St. 
 W. P. BATTERTON, 82 Bunk St. 
 P. C. OUILLAUME, 495 Sussex St, 
 
 W. L. SCOTT, 
 
 74 Sparks St. 
 Secretm 
 
 C( 
 
TRADITIONS. 
 
 ■ -'i Ai 
 
 '.'1 
 
 A PAPEE READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY 
 
 On Thu'sdai/y the 17th December y 1891. 
 J * By Joseph Pope. " 
 
 r 
 
 
 1 Trti 
 |a tp 
 
 St. 
 \elm 
 
 My Lord Archbishop, Sir .Tohn Thompson, Ladies and 
 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 The subject to which J. desire to invite your attention for 
 a (Short time this evening, is '' Tbaditions " — a wide 
 word truly. But thoi'e are traditions of many kinds, and 
 it is of only one class of these that 1 propose to sp^ak. 
 
 I do not, for instance, intend to refer to the common 
 law of England, by w4yi^l! wo are governed, nor to the 
 Constitution under which it is our happiness to live, both 
 of which are groat nnd venerable traditions, transmitt-ed to 
 us by our fathers, and held in equal veneration by all 
 clashes in the community. Nor shall I say anything here 
 of that living stream which has flowed beside the Catholic 
 Church for so many centuries ; which conneets us with 
 every age, and us and them with the beginning of the 
 
 t' 
 
 ;,%ii 
 
2 
 
 Christian dispensation. Nor again, shall I dvvoll on that 
 great tradition, which is the corner stone of Protefltantisrny 
 the denial of all tradition-tho doctrine that the IMble is 
 the sole rule of religious belief and practice, and that 
 ovoi-ything bearing on Christian faith and worship which 
 ^ is not to be found within its four cornevs, i>s to bo regarded 
 as the doctrine and commandment of nieii. My concern 
 is rather with certain historical traditions, which are 
 tenaciously held by those who reject the cinims of the 
 Catholic Church, and which form with muny perbons a 
 principal reason for such rejection. * 
 
 There arc, as I have said, many traditions. There are 
 true traditions, and there are false tiaditions; and they 
 are true or false, according to the truth or falseness of their 
 origin. As no stream can rise higher than its source, and 
 as the strength of a chain cannot exceed 1 hut of its fii'st 
 link: so the authenticity of any traditioij must depend 
 upon its first beginnings .; .. : ■ 
 
 Now there are certain popular traditions hold in our 
 midst today, which, in the cause ot ti-uih, I wouhl fain see 
 shattered. They arc wide spread. They havo been im- 
 plicitly believed for generations. They .ire received as 
 absolute truth by thousands ; and tJiey form, among En- 
 glish speaking people at any i-ate, an immense ob'^tacle 
 to the Catholic r ligion. So iong as they are a<cepted as 
 facts, it ia almost useless to look for the extensive spread 
 of Catholicism amongst us. It is, therefore, all important, 
 in the cause ot truth, that they be shewn to be unfounded. 
 Let us then make some enquiry concerning them. 
 
 The first tiadition ihat T aru going to examine, is the 
 belief, widely held among those who reject the claims of 
 the Catholic Church, that, previous to the time of Martin 
 Luther, the Bible was practically an unknouMi book, and 
 ■would have contirjued to be so, had it not been providon- 
 tiall}' discovered by Luther in the [own of Erfurt, in 
 Cerraany, about the year 1507. The circumstances of this 
 discovery are set oat in great detail in what I may call 
 the authorized version of this tradition. A picture not 
 
3 
 
 Ided. 
 
 the 
 IS of 
 ii'tin 
 
 .'ind 
 
 Idon- 
 
 in 
 
 Ithift 
 
 Icali 
 
 not 
 
 infrequently accompnuic-t iho letter press. A tnonlc ia 
 Been amid gloomy surroundings — emolemaficftl, I take it^ 
 of the spiritual condition of his time, — ea,u;erly reading a 
 large copy of the Holy Scriptures, which is chained 1o a 
 desU'. Wonder and delight are depicted in hifl countonanoe 
 a8 ho proceeds, and we are told that he read, I think, as 
 far as the book of Samuel, on this thojirst occasion of his 
 meeting with the Bible, sf) charmed was he with this 
 previously unknown treasure. • i 
 
 Many of you, I^ am sure, have no conception of the 
 strength and vi^j^tir possessed by this ti-adition, It ia a 
 first pi'inciple.'With thousands ; if ycu deny it you are set 
 down as a vHhry ignorant person, or n very untruthful one. 
 Yet th«-9tO'ry itself is by no mean^ symmetrical. I recol- 
 lect when ten years old, wondering how the authorities of 
 the motiastery could have been so imprudent as to leave 
 the Bible right iti Luther's path, and actually to chain it 
 to j» desk in a library so that it might not be taken away, 
 hut remain to be read by him, and any other passtr by. 
 ,My youthful intelligence struggled vainly to solve this 
 difficulty. For, observe, my first principle was that the 
 monkn wished to conceal all knowledge i)f the book. The 
 Buhjoct continued to have an attraction for me, and as I 
 grew older 1 followed it up. I confined my reading exclu- 
 sively to non-Catholic historians, but they wore quit© 
 sufficient to solve my difficuliy by shewing me that ray 
 first principle was false. I found ihut the whole story was 
 an absurd invention. That at the time Luther was said to 
 have discovered the Bible, printed copies of that sacied 
 book had been for many years disseminated throughout 
 Germany, and that Luther himself must, as a monk, have 
 been in the habit of repeating long passages from it every 
 day of his life. 
 
 The Reverend Dv. Maitland,- a distinguished clergyman 
 of the Anglican Church, and sometime Librarian of Lam- 
 beth Palace wrote a book a few years ago on 'bo ''Dark 
 Ages ", in which he shews pretty conclusively, ii seems to 
 me, that the dark agos were not so very dark aftei- all. Ip- 
 
this book ho treats umonpj other iningw, of th<' ooiwHUon of 
 liLeruture in modiroviil timon, and in thus lod on lo take up 
 tho story wo arc no// cor.rtidorin;|j. Ho mukos a most 
 patient oxarnination into tho whole ftubjoot, and liere are 
 his conchi^ions (ihe italic < aro th» author s.): — 
 
 " To say nothing o\ parts of thf Wi^\ or of books whose //ctv is uncer- 
 " tiin, we know of at least twenty dlfTerenl edituns of the 'HJ/.'o/g Latin 
 " Bii)ii.' printed in Germatiy only baare Luther was bom. Those had 
 *' issned from A\igs1)uig, Strashiiig, Colore, Ulm, Mem/ (<wo), Basil 
 " (four), Nuremberg (ten), and were dispersed" through Germany, I repeat, 
 ** before Luther was born ; and f may add that iHjfore that r vent tht:re was 
 a i-rinting press nt work in this very town of Ei^<irU wliei'" more than 
 twcul'> years after, he (Martin Luther) is said toShave niaJ ■ his 'dis- 
 coxery'? Some may ask, what was the po{)e aboi|t all tiii-. tin\e? 
 Truly one would think he must have been off his guard ^Jjut a.s ic these 
 German pcrrormances, he might have found employment ipearer home 
 " it* he had looked for it. ■Ref)re Luther was born the Bible Iwd been 
 *' printed in Rome, and tiie printers had had the assurance to miemorializi* 
 '* his Holiness, praying that he would help them off with some copi»|es.^ It 
 *' had been printed, too, at Naples, Florence, and Placenta; and "Venice 
 "alone had furnished eleven editions. No doubt we siiould be withinMhe 
 "truth if we were to say that beside the multitude of mnnuscript copieiS, 
 "not yet fallen into disuse, the jpress had issued fifty diflcren; tditionsof 
 " the whole Latin Bible ; lo say nothing of Psalters, New Tistainents, or 
 ** other parts. And yet more than twenty years after (Luther's birth) we 
 •'find a young man (Martin Luther) who had received 'a vary lilieral 
 "education', who 'had made great proficienev in his studies ut Mag<Ie- 
 " burg, Eisenach, and Erfurt ', and who nevertheless, did not know wJ)ai 
 " a Bible was, simply because ' the Bilile was unknown in iliose days ! ' I. 
 
 This Beemn conclusivo as regards the Contiriuni,, Let ub 
 666 how matters were in England. Again T shrill quote 
 an Anglican Clergyman of repute, — tht Itevorend 
 J. H. Blunt, M A. of Oxford, who in his work on the " Re- 
 formation of the Church " is conntrained to say : — 
 
 " There has been much wild and foolish writing about the scarcity of 
 "the Bible in the ages preceding the Reformation. It has been taken 
 " for granteu chat Holy Scripture was almost a sealed book to clergy and 
 " laity, until it was printed in English by Tyndale and Coverdale, and 
 " that the only real source of knowledge respecting it before then was the 
 ** translation made by Wiekliffe. 
 
 I. Maitland's "Dark Ages" Ed. 1889: pp 475-6- Note. 
 
'* The facts are that ihc clcr^^y and monks were <laily rcai'ing largr por. 
 *' tions of the BiMt, and had them stored up in their moiuDry by constant 
 ** recitation ; that they made very free use of Holy Scripture in preaching, 
 " so that even a mo<lern liible reader is astonished at tho numl)cr of quo- 
 " tatioii jnd references contained in mediaeval sermons : tluil countless 
 " coi)ie.s of the Bible wort wriUt-n out by the surprising in<luslry of doist- 
 *• ercd scril>es : that many jjltwses or commentaries were written which 
 *' are still seen to be full of pious and wise tlioughts : and that all laymen 
 *' who ci>uld read were, as a rule, provided with (heir gospels, their 
 *' psalter, or other devotional portions of the Hible. Men did, in fact, 
 " take a vast <leal of Jrrsntrti trouble with resi)ect to the production of 
 *' copies of the lioly Scriptures: and ncornplished by head, Iiands and 
 " heart, what is now chiefly done by paid workmen and machinery. The 
 " clergy studied the Word of (Io*l, and made it known to the laity: and 
 " those few among tlie laify who could read had abundant opportunity of 
 " reading the Bible, either in Latin ur in English, up to the 1 Leformatiou 
 "period." 2. 
 
 Yet in ypite of evidence such n.s this, the fable Ispeuk of 
 has hitd, and continues to enjoy con.-ijjiciious hul'Co.^s. 
 
 But do not let ua be too severe upon thode who, without 
 the lei.suro or the learning of a Maitlitnd or a Blunt, have 
 never investigated the subject for themselves. It' i^ no 
 part of my businesH to apologize for them, yol there is 
 this much to be said. One arixnment does exi«t for the 
 tradition that Luther haa no acquaintance with the Scrip- 
 tures. It is simple, plausible, and it is one. That argu- 
 ment is himself, as depicted in his writings. Listen to 
 one of his religious meditations, and then judge if it does 
 noi fiirnish i^ome excuse for the belief that the author 
 was a stranger to the gospel of Christ. 
 
 " I am sometimes so cold '' v/ritts he, '* that I cannot pray. Then I 
 " stop my ears and say (iod is n il far from me, and I must invoke and call 
 " on Him. Then I set before my eyes the ingratitude and abominable 
 *' life of my contradictors, the Pope, his set and his vermin ; that warms 
 '* me up and I tiame with rage and hate — so begin Hallowed be Thy 
 " Name. That is how my prayer kindles. I have no better auxiliary 
 " than rage and passion ; that refreshes my prayer, sharpens my spirit, 
 *• and drives away all thoughts of discouragement, and doubt." 3. 
 
 { 
 
 ;t , 
 
 3. 
 
 S. A. 
 
 The Reformation of the Church of England " by the Rev. J. H. Blunt, M. 
 Ed. 1878. Vol. t . pp. SOI -2. 
 
 ^. Oper. Luther. Ed. Walch, XXII. 1237. Quoted by the Reverend S. Baring 
 Gould, M. A., in his lecture on " Luther and Justification " delivered in 1871. 
 
6 
 
 Let UP now proceed to examine into nnothor liadition, 
 which has evtui a Mtronger hold, if possible, than the one 
 of which 1 iiavo been Hpeuking, upon the crodulity of those 
 who accept both with an unqiieHtioning faith. [ mean the 
 tratiition ro8poct,in<r the condition k-hI iiifluonoo of the 
 Papacy duiing the middle ago8. 1 do not think I exag- 
 goi'ato when I Hay that the ordinary, common, overy-day- 
 belief of those among whom those truditioiis are rife, \h 
 that at the beginning of the sixteenth century the state of 
 Europo \va8 lamentable in the extreme ; — that i-eligion 
 }iad \"(>ll nigh died out of the world ; — that ignorance 
 and violoiico abounded ; atui that (and tins is the point) 
 the Papacy was largely to blamii for the miflcrabloconiJition 
 of aft'airn ; — lioino wan a centre of profligacy and corrupt- 
 ion, and the Topes wore among the vilest of mankind. 
 Briefly, thi« in what is called by those who hold it, the 
 orthodox view ; and you are looked upon as either ignor- 
 ant or disingenuous, if you question the faithfulness of the 
 picture. 
 
 Now, in the tirst place, f venture on general grounds, to 
 differ from those who hold these extreme views as to the 
 * darkness' of the middle ages. 4 I question very much 
 if our ancestors were so far behind us as is commonly sup- 
 posed. We form our opinions of ihcm I'rom history, and 
 our hifilorios as a rule, are greatly abridged, being largely 
 a record of sieges and battles, murders and couri. intrigues, 
 and jio])ular discontents, and such like. According to 
 them, )>coplo in past times seem to have been doing little 
 else than killing each other. When wo put down our 
 book, wo do not always reflect that our guide, in order to 
 Burvey the course of centui-ies in a few pages, necesi^arily 
 has had lo confine himself to recording only the great and 
 exceptional events of those times. The historian dwells 
 on these things, because they are dramatically interest- 
 ing, but if we want to ascertain what manner of men our 
 forefathers were, and how they thought, and worshipped 
 
 4. The term ' Middle Ages' is here uscl in its loose, conventional sense as in- 
 cluding the i6th century. 
 
and liv<"d and worked, and amuRed ihoinselv \s, we miistgo 
 deeper than moHt historioH lake ut<. 
 
 Opinions will differ as to the «;onditioD8 of medi»val life. 
 To some that life was not without a certain charm. 
 Steam, elootricity, the daily newspaper, and all the me- 
 chanical developmentu of our modern civilization are very 
 convenient things, but after all, their enjoyment is not the 
 iummum honum of existence. If wo want examples of the 
 highest types of human intelligence and industry and 
 skill, it is in tho middle ages we must-seek them. Who 
 wore the greatest poets ? who the most famous painters ? 
 who the most skilful architecis? who the most renowned 
 sculptors? who the most profound thinkers that have 
 adorned humanity f Were thoy not of that period con- 
 temptuously spoken of aa the -'k 'igos,' or of the still 
 more distant past ? 
 
 But the point of the Iradit'*'^'' thitwe a*''^ examining is 
 not so much that the middle *4gC8 y^er^ ignorant and dark, 
 as that the cause of their darknejt and ignorance was the 
 OhurcL of Home, whose ecrltsrf.itical S3'8tem oppressed 
 and deceived mankind. That is ibo popular tradition. 
 Let us 860 how much truth there is in it. 
 
 In order to shew that the Holy Scriptures were widely 
 known at the time of Luther, I quoted two distinguished 
 Anglican clergymen. I now ])ropose tr- take a high Scotch 
 authority. 
 
 Professor Bryce, whom you know as a leading member 
 of the Imperial Parliament, and the author of the 
 ''American Commonwealth" say:*, in his scholarly work 
 on the "Holy Eoman Empire", in speaking of the mid- 
 dle agoB. 
 
 " Now of the Visible Church the emblem and stay was the priesthood ; 
 *• and it was by them, in whom dwelt whatever cf learning and thought 
 " was left in Europe, that the second great idea, etc., etc." 5. 
 
 And if he be uot sufficient, let us take Hume, who is 
 
 5. Bryce. Holy Roman Empire, Ed. i36«. p. 104. 
 
8 
 
 generally known to have been a violent opponent to 
 everything Catholic. > 
 
 " It must 1a; acknow iedged ", says Hmnt in his History of England^ 
 speaking of those early times, '~ that the influence o' the prelatci and 
 " clergy was often of great service to the Public." 6. 
 
 Again, 
 
 " To the Catholii clerg)' is altogether to be ascribed the pure and truth- 
 ** fill transmissioii of history." 
 
 And listen to him orice more — Y. 
 
 ** This Island (Britain) p-»sse.i&cs many ancient hiatorians of good credit, 
 " as well u.i many historical irionuments ; and it is rare that the annals of 
 " so uncultivated a people as were the English, as well as the other 
 '* European nations nfter the decline of Roman learning, have been trans- 
 '* mitted to posterity so complete, and with so little mixture of falsehood 
 * ' and fable. This advantage we owe entirely to the clergy of tlie Church 
 '•of Koine." 8. 
 
 So that, 8o far from the Chnrcb of Kome being a bar to 
 civilization, it is a fact, vou^ed for by Hume himself 
 that those who cry out the most against her influence in 
 the middle ages, actually owe it to the Catholic Church 
 that they have any accurate kcowiedge of the middle ages 
 at all. So much for the general quewtion. 
 
 Now for the Popes. What manner of njci were they ? 
 Were they rapacious and profligate and crnol, as asserted 
 by the holders of these traditions ? Let us see. 
 
 St. Peter, I presume will pass muster. So aL-»o will St. 
 Clement, of whom St. Paul says that his name is in the 
 Book of Life. But we cannot go through the whole list. 
 
 Ix, is, I think, fair to assume, on the principle that it ift 
 darkest just before dawn, that Papal corruption was at it» 
 height ill the times immediately preceding the Eeform- 
 ation. Indeed we are told this again and again. Let u» 
 then take Pope Leo X, vrho was the contemporary of 
 Luther, and as we have quoted ftom Hume, let us see what 
 that hostile critic could say of him. 
 
 t 
 
 6. Hume. " History of England, Ed. 1848, Vr'. I. p. 596. 
 
 7. lb. 
 
 8. Hunie, " Histon' . r E"gl»i'd " Ed. 1848. Vol. a, p. 474. 
 
 
9 
 
 "LeoX," writes Hume, "was one of the most illustrious Princes 
 that ever sat on the papal throne. Humane.. Ijeneficent, generous, and 
 " affable ; th<^ pation of every art, the friend of every virtue." 9' 
 
 And of his succe^stior, Adrian Oth, he Hiiys — 
 
 '* His character was distinguished by ' integrity, candour, and simplicity 
 " of manners.' lo. 
 
 There is another great Protestant authority on the 
 
 subject, whoso opinion ought to bo of weight. I mean 
 
 Leopold Von Ranke, the author of the History of the 
 
 Popes, concerning which Lord Mucaulay nays that it is 
 
 " an excellent work, written in an admirable spirit, equal- 
 
 " ly remote from levity and bigotry — serious and earnest, 
 
 **■ yet tolerant and impartial." 
 
 *'Leo-X" says Ranke, " was full of kindness and sympathy : he rarely' 
 " refused a request, or if he did, it was in the gentlest manner, and only 
 " when it was impossible to grant it, ' He is a g<X)d man ' says an ob- 
 " serving ambassador to his Court, * very bounteous and of a kindly 
 '* nature." li. 
 
 Of Adrian 6th, Eanke says — 
 
 *' It was long since the election had fallen on a man so worthy of his 
 
 ' high and holy office. Adrian was of a most spotless fame : upright, 
 
 *' pious, industrious, of such a gravity that nothing more than a faint smile 
 
 " was ever seen upon his lips, yet full of benevolent, pure intentions ; a 
 
 *• true minister of religion." 12. 
 
 Of Clement YII, the successor of Adrian, he Bays — 
 
 " Everything about his Court was conducted with prudence, and his own 
 conduct at least, was marked by blamelessness and moderation." 13. 
 
 And bo I could go on, but I think I have said enough to 
 shew you what, no doubt, you already knoW in a general 
 way, that the .Protestant trad'tion as to the effect of the 
 Papacy upon Europe in the middle ages, and as to the 
 lives of the occupants of the Papnl chaij*, is a huge 
 calumny. The truth is that the Church of Home wielded 
 great influence over the minds of men in the middle ages, 
 
 9. Hume History of England, Ed. 1S48. Vol. u, p 581. 
 
 10. ib. Vol 3, p 33. 
 
 ti. Ranke's History of the Popes. Ed. 1847. Vol I, p 46. 
 13. Ib. p 63. 
 13. ih. p. 67. 
 
 ■'} 
 
 1 
 
 
 f 
 
 ■ 
 
 .. i 
 
 J 
 
 k^l^'i 
 
 '^\ 
 
10 
 
 aud she exeroiaed it always on the side of justice and 
 morality. " 
 
 "The spiritual Supremacy arrogated by the Pope" says Lord Macaulay 
 **was in the dark ajres, productive of far more good than evil," 14 
 
 And Lord Macaulay never said more in favour of the 
 Church of Rome than he could help. 
 
 So too with the occupants of the Papal throne. I do not 
 for a moment pretend that, during the long course of 
 nineteen hundred years, history does not represent sorae 
 Popo-s a.s having been unworthy of their high calling, and 
 that some things did not happen which Catholics might 
 wish had been otherwise ; but those were the rare excep- 
 tions, and [ state ray honest conviction when I say that the 
 general ien'our of the influence of the Papacy, in the limes 
 of which wo speak, has been greatly for the advancement 
 of human society. It has over been loss fierce than the 
 natif.iiH, and in advance of the age. It has ever moderated 
 the strife oet»veen contending monurchs, and promoted 
 the spiritual and intellectual welfare of their subjects. 
 
 Who wa!« it, confining ourselves to our own country, 
 who oxcoramunicated King .Tohn. because he oppressed 
 bis people, and forced him to accept an Archbishop of 
 Canterbury whose name is foremost on the roll of Magna 
 Charta? 
 
 A Pope of Rome I 
 
 Who Wiis always the determined foe of slavery, and 
 caused its abolition in England ? »s 
 
 The Roman Church ! 
 
 Who championed the cause of morality, and of the 
 sanctity of the marriage tie, in the face of a proud and 
 tyrannical King, whom Hume confesses, the Pope had the 
 strongest motives to gratify. ^^ 
 
 Again a Pope of Rome 1 
 
 There is yet another tradition T hud in my mind to 
 examine, and concerning which I feel 1 must say some- 
 
 14. Hist. Eag. Vol. I, p. 9. 
 
 15. Macaulay, Hist. Eng. Vol, I, pp. 33, 24. 
 
 16. H ;me Hist. Eng. Ed. 1848, Vol. 3. p. 66 
 
1 
 
 thing, though I greatly fear that the limited time at my 
 disposal will prevent me from dealing with so large a 
 subject in anything like a Batisfactory manner. 
 
 I refer to the tradition, very general in its acceptance, 
 which teaches that ihe Roman Church in mediffival times 
 joined to gentler vices a spirit of savage and relentless 
 cruelty, — that it, the Church, as distinct from individual 
 members thereof, persecuted with the utmost ferocity 
 those whose only crime was a desire to worship Jesus 
 Christ in the purity of His gospel, of whom the Lollards 
 in England, the Huguenots in France, and the Anabaptists 
 ' in the Netherlands were conspicuous examples. 
 
 Like the story of Luther, and indeed closely associated 
 with it, this subject has always attracted me. The result 
 of my investigation into it has been to lead me to boliovo : — 
 
 1. That the acts of cruelty commonly laid at the doorof 
 the Church of Rome are, in respect of their number, and 
 without regard to the question of responsibility, greatly 
 exaggerated. 
 
 2. That the overwhelming majority of persons who 
 really suffered, according to this tradition, for conscience 
 sake, were rebels against the governments to which they 
 owed allegiance, and suffered for sedition and treason 
 against the state, which oftentimes they chose, for pur- 
 poses of their own, to identify with rebellion in the spirit- 
 ual sphere. 
 
 3. That th*e punishments inflicted on IjoUards, Hugue- 
 nots, Anabaptfsts and others were largely in the nature of 
 reprisals, and were imposed by civil or military author- 
 ities, some of whom were actually at open war with the 
 Papacy at the very time in which those things happened, 
 for which it is now sought to hold the Roman Church 
 responsible. 
 
 4. That the testimony of all history goes to shew that 
 in any event, it does not lie in the mouths of tne spiritual 
 descendants of the Reformers to accuse the Roman Church 
 of per^ecution for conscience sake. 
 
 I 
 
 '4 
 
IffiSH 
 
 12 
 
 I now propose briefly to indicale Bome of the reasons 
 on which the foregoing conclusions are based, and I think 
 our present purpose will be more effectually served by ray 
 doing KG in the very words of non-Catholic writers. 
 
 1, Fir»fc then, that the acta of cruelty complained of are^ 
 in respect of thoir number, much exaggerated. 
 
 There is, or there was, for he died last year, a clergy- 
 man of the Anglican Church who has been a good deal 
 quoted in Ottawa of late by certain high Protestant 
 champions. These gentlemen in so doing betrayed iheir 
 ignorance of the man and his writings as a whole, to the 
 quiet amusement of those who Avero better informed. For 
 it seoms to me that, if there is one name in English litera- 
 ture which Protestantism would do well to avoid, it is that 
 of flichard Frederick Li ttledale. 
 
 The subjects of which we are speaking always had a 
 fascination for him. A student from his youth, it was not 
 long before ho discovered the falsity of those and similar 
 traditions. His blood boiled, he tells us, when ho reflected 
 upon the monstrous fables with which his mind, and 
 the minds of tens of thousands of Englibh children, had 
 been imbued, more particularly with regard to the lives 
 and characters of the loaders of tha Reformation in 
 England. He gave himself heart and soui to the task of 
 placing the true story of tho.*e times before his fellow 
 countrymen. The investigation cost him ten years of 
 hard labour, but It was not in vain, nor did it benetit himself 
 
 alone. 
 
 The point on which we are immediately interested did 
 not escape Br. Littledale. This is what he has to say 
 about it. ' 
 
 " I hear that the ciuestion, * why were our martyrs burni?' is being put 
 now by some of the admirers of the sufferers under Mary I, and I will help 
 you to answer it. In the first place the penal code of that day w.is excep- 
 tionally savage in its punishments, and indeed, the barbarity of our laws in 
 this respect endured for a very long time. Till the last century, the 
 I>enalty for coining was boiling alive, and the stake was (up to 1791) the 
 legal fate of wives convicted of murdering their husbands. Far more persons 
 were executed, within living memory, for offences now visited with short 
 
13 
 
 terms of imprisonment, than died under the treble charge of treason, 
 blasphemy and sacrilege, in the reign of Mary Tudor. The total number, of 
 victims for religion, in her time, of whom there is a list (taken fioiu Foxe, 
 who may have surreptitiously swelled it, but who certainly never bated 
 one name) in the Appendix to Dr. Maitland's Essays on the Reformation 
 was two hundred and seventy-seven, not quite half the number of the Spa- 
 nish garrison of vSmerwick, whom Sir Walter Kaleigh murdered in cold 
 blood, afui capitulation, in lilizabeth's reign and with her full appro\al. 
 The number who died at Elizabeth's own hands for clinging to the religion 
 of their fathers (and that more painfully than by burning) was, at the 
 lowest computation, ihree hundred and seventeen. And whert^as MaryV 
 victims, when swollen to the fullest list that can be made, amount to only 
 about three hundred, those whom Elizabeth slew for causes undoubtedly 
 bound up witl' religion, though ostensibly classed as treason, — keeping 
 actual treason apart, — cannot be estimated at less than five or six times 
 that number." (17.) 
 
 Again ; — 
 
 "The third point lo which I wish to direct your attention is that you 
 cite, as an example of prejudice on niy part that I compare Elizabeth's 
 three hundred and seventeen victims with IM.ury*s two hundretl and seventy 
 Seven, without warning; my audience that Mary's were crowded into four 
 years and Elizabeth's spread osax forty five. The answer is to my mind 
 conclusive, and I believe it will be so to yours. Mary's list is well-nigh 
 exhaustive. Half a dozen political executions, arising out of the three 
 cons[^iracies against her, are the most that can be added to her account. 
 Elizabeth's list, so far from being exhaustive, contained only those against 
 whom no charge was Ijrought save that of their religion. I omitted from it 
 purposely all those who, though dying for their creed, w^re falsely declared 
 by Cecil and Walsingham to have been convicted for treason. If all such 
 were added the list would be swollen to thousands ; if the victims mas- 
 sacred in the North and in Ireland for the same cause are further attached 
 to the damninr catalogue, Elizabeth's religious murders will not fall short 
 of fifty Ihousand men, women and children. And there is one little fact 
 
 17. Lecture on '' innovations" delivered .'It Liverpool on April a3rd i8j8by Richiird 
 Frederick Littiedale, T>L. D., D. C. I>., Priest of the Church of Eugland, London, 
 Simpkin, Marshall «& Cd., 1868. 
 
 Concerning this letter Dr. Littltdale writes {rndeMvi. letter to the Kev. J. G. Caae- 
 nove, published in the Church Times of the i'4th September 1S69.) 
 
 " I am no longer ii very young man or a very inexperienced one, and you may rest 
 assured that I had that thuught before my mind when I was planning and preparing the 
 lecture itself. First, I must acquit myself of the suspicion of ha.sti:. Every epithet 
 which seems most startling, every phase which reads as though th't outcome of sudden 
 excitement, was deliberately weighed, deliberately viritten, deliliftraldy adopted, after the 
 three-fold correction of the Press, after submission of the proofs to the judgment and 
 revision of three friends before I proceeded to Liverpoo' .it all." 
 
 r .! 
 
 I ;.) 
 
14 
 
 I ' '' ' 
 
 not to be forgotten, that she, by virtue of her authority in Council, revived 
 the illegal torture of the rack, which Mary did not apply to her most 
 •emliittered foes. So that Campion suffered what Cranmer was spared." l8 
 
 I regret that time will not allow me even to allude to the 
 Inquisition (upon which a good deal could be said) further 
 than to »hew that in regard to it also the grossest exagger- 
 ation prevails. 
 
 J3rea(iful (says Hetele)t is the conception wo form of an 
 <iuto dafe (actus fidei), that is an act of faith, as if it were 
 naught clso but a prodigious fire and a colossal *pt<, round 
 which, every quarter of a year, the Rpaniurds sat, like 
 ■cannibals, to revel in the roasting and broiling of some 
 hundred wretches. But I will take the liberty to assert 
 that, in the first place, an auto do fe did not consist in 
 burning and slayini^, but partly in the acquittal of those 
 falselj' accused, partly in the reconciliation of those re- 
 pentant with the church ; a?id that there were ma.iy auton 
 'daj7.^ at which nothing burned but the wax taper, which 
 the penitent, in token of his rekindled light of faith, bore 
 in his hand. Llorontc, for example i.elU, in ^jroof .)f.' the 
 great zeal of the Inquisition, of an auto daje at Toledo, on 
 the l"2lh of Fob'MJury, 1486, at which not fewer than poven 
 hundred and lifty culprits were punished. Among all 
 these, however, not one was executed, and their penalty 
 was nothing moie than a public Church penance. A 
 second great auto dafe again took place at Toledo, on the 
 second of April of the same year, where there were nine 
 hundred victims, and of these nine hundred, not a single 
 individual received capital punishment. A third auto da 
 y?, on the first of May of the same year, comprehended 
 seven hundred and fifty persons; and a fourth on the first 
 of December following, as many as nine hundred and fifty ; 
 yet not a single execution occurred, Altogether, three 
 thousand throe hundred persons must, at that time, at 
 Toledo, have done ecclesiastical penance, while twenty 
 
 t DtrCaidiftal XiwtMs, XVII, H. S., 32*, 343.— For this extract the translation 
 is usf.d in the Dublin Review of October, 1852. 
 
 t8. Letter to Rev. J. G. Cazenove, quoted abov. 
 
15 
 
 ■seven only were sentenced to death ; and Lloronte would 
 ■certainly not misstate the numbers to favour the in- 
 -quisition | 
 
 2 & 3 That the great majority of Lollard-<, Anahaptiats, 
 Huguenots, etc. who suffered, according to tbi« tradition, for 
 conscience sako, were rebels against the govern ment.s to 
 which they owed allegiance, and suffered as f^iich, soraetimee 
 violently and byway of reprisal, sometimes under duo 
 forms of law, at the hands of civil or military authorities, 
 who were not infrequently at open war with the Papacy 
 at the very tirae at which those things occurred, for which 
 it is now sought to make the Roman Church responsible. 
 
 *' Everybody knows " writes Dr. Littledalc " thnt there w::s a horrible 
 mansacre of the French Protestants on Si Bartholcmew's day, 1572, but few 
 know that the atrocities which the Protestants themselves conimilted at 
 Beaugency, Montaiiban, Nismes, Montpelier, Grenohle and f.yons, 
 equalled, if they did not exceed that terrible crime." 19. 
 
 From the churchman, let us turn to the lay historian, 
 and who in all the world of letteis \s there, one should 
 
 think it less likely that a Roman Catholic, in defence of his 
 
 Church would appeal to, than to Hume; noverthelesc; to 
 
 Hume let U9 go. 
 
 •'Wherever the Huguenots prevailed, the images were broken, the 
 altars pillaged, the churches deniolished, the monasteries consumed with 
 fire : Where success attended the Catholics, they burned the bibles, rebap- 
 tized the infants, constrained married pcis.ans to i»ass anew through the 
 nuptial ceremony ; a:nd plunder, desolation and bloodshed, attended equally 
 the tnumph of both pai ties."' 20. 
 
 Yet all the evils. and crimes comtnittod by one side in 
 this fratricidal warj which eo long deaoiatcd France, are 
 popularl}^ supposed to have been instigated by the Catholic 
 Church, while the Huguenots, wo have been taught from 
 our childhood to believe, occupied throughout that dreadful 
 time, the attitude of those martyrs of old who, with folded 
 hands and uplifted eyes, calmly awaited death in ihe 
 Eoman^amphi theatre. 
 
 1... , 
 'a < 
 
 . 1 
 
 \ Llorente, t-J. p. 338, n. v.— vii. 
 
 19. Littledalc— Lecture on "Innovations." 
 
 30. Hume, Hist, Eng. Ed. 1848. Vol. 3, p. 4^6. 
 
 X_ 
 
16 
 
 So too, we huvo often heard of the cruelties of the Spa- 
 Diards under Alva .In the Netherlands, the whole responsi- 
 bility for which is commonly laid at the door of the Church 
 of Eome, though so pronounced a Protestant writer as 
 Motley testifies that Alva's soldiers robbed the Churches, 
 trampled the Holy Euchariist ■ under foot, poured the 
 sacramental wine on the ground, and committed number- 
 less sacrileges ond abominations too shocking to be recor- 
 ded ; =» and we are asked to believe that these ruffians 
 were animated by zeal for the Catholic religion I 
 
 Of the Anabaptists of this period, Motley remarks 
 '•that their leaders were among the most depraved of 
 " human creatures, as much distinguished for licentious' 
 " ness, blasphemy and cruelty, as their followers forgrovel- 
 " ling superstition : ^-i while every student of English 
 history knows right well that LoUardism wus the common 
 name of those v^ho were in their day what the Chart.sts, 
 Socialists, Ana'chists and other like disturbers of society 
 are in our own. 23 
 
 4. That in any event it does not lie in the mouths of 
 <?rotestants to accuse tho Roman Church of persecution 
 foi .'onwcience sake, 
 
 " Though the Protestant Divines" says nunio, "had ventured to re- 
 nounce opinions deemed ct^rtain during many ages, they regarded, in their 
 turn, the new system as so certain that they would suffer no coatradictiou 
 with regard to it j and they were ready to burn in the same flames fron» 
 which they themselves had so narrowly escaped, every one that had the 
 assurance to differ from them." 24. 
 
 This extraordinary inoonsis>tency is thus commented 
 upon by Professor Bryce in his work on the Holy Boman 
 
 Empire from which I have already quoted. 
 
 '* Perseration which might be at least excused in an infallible Catholic 
 and Apostolic Church, was peculiarly or'xous when praciised by those who 
 wer^ not catbolic, who were no moyc postolic than their neighbours, and 
 v,'ho had ja^t revolted from the most ancient and veneraWe authority in 
 
 «i. Motley Rise of the Dutch Republic, Ed. 1856, Vol. a, pp. 408-9. efpassim. 
 
 as. lb. Vol. I. p. 79' 
 
 a^. Greeii, Short History of the English people, Ed. 1883, p. 373. 
 
 34. Hucie — Iliat. Eng. Ed. 1848, Vul. 3 p. a66. 
 
 IHl!) 
 
17 
 
 the name of rights which they now denied to others. If union with the 
 visible church by participation in a material sacrament be necessary to 
 eter.ial life, jiersecution may be held a duty, a kindness to i^erishing souls. 
 But, if the kingdom of heaven be in every sense a kingdom of the spirit, if 
 saving faith be possible out of one visible body and under a diversity of 
 external fornis, jwrsecution becomes at once a crime and a folly. There 
 fore tlie intolerance of Protestants, if tht forms it took were less cruel than 
 those practised by the Roman Catholics, was also far less defensible; tor 
 it had seldom anything better to allege on its Ijehalf than motives of poli- 
 tical ('xpediency, oi ihe mere headstrong ])assion of a ruler or a faction to 
 silenc* the expression of any opinions but their own. "25. 
 
 And Ilallam, the hiHtorian, clo«e» his elaborate inve>ti- 
 gatior)>3 into the subject with these words, which many 
 would do well to learn by heart : 
 
 "In men hardly escaped from a similar peril ; in men who had nothing 
 " to plead but the right of Private Judgment ; in tnen who had defied the 
 "prescriptive authority of jjast ages and of established power, the crime of 
 " persecution assumes a far deeper hue and is capable of far less extenuatioa 
 *' than in a Roman inquisitor." 26. • 
 
 Let me now sura up these few necessarily brief and 
 incomploto observations. It has, I think, been made clear, 
 from the testimony of leading historians, that these popul- 
 ar traditions, which embody the gravest charges against 
 the Roman Church, have no foundation in fact. 
 
 This has been done without any unfair or disingenuous 
 use of quotation. It will be observed that on every point 
 the concurring testimony of at least two independent hist- 
 orians has been given, and while, had the occasion per- 
 mittiid, that number could have been indefinitely increased, 
 and the quotations made more full, those that are given 
 have been selected in the fairest possible manner, and in 
 every case express the views of the writer upon the point 
 at issue. They are, it is submitted, ample to prove the 
 lack of historical basis for the charges urged every day 
 against the Catholic Church. 
 
 And all this has been done independently of a single 
 Catholic authority. Maitland and Blunt, Hume and Eanke^ 
 
 25. Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, Ed. 1866, p. p. 365—6. 
 a6. Hailam Constitutional History, Ed. 1897, Vol I, p, 1*4'. 
 
 \i I; 
 
18 
 
 
 Bryce and Hal lam, not on© of these men bolongod to the 
 CathoHc Church. All of them were scholars— some of 
 them of the highest literary distinction. Is it not remark- 
 able that in the face of their nnitod testimony, the tradi- 
 tions of which I speak continue to thrive? 
 
 Why is this so? My explanation is as follows :— 1 have 
 said that those historians were eminent men. So they 
 were ; and I make bold to think it is heca-use of their very 
 eminence that they fail to appeal to those who find pleasure 
 in accepting such perversions of history as we have been 
 considering. 
 
 Men who have never opened the pages of Lecky ov 
 Banke, or Hume or Hailam, in their lives, will eagerly 
 peruse and treasure up in their memories the lying state- 
 ments of popular writers, such as the author of thut delec- 
 table treatise" The Book of Martyrs," concerning whom 
 Dr. Liltledaie does not scruple to say that 
 
 *' The infamous Foxe, and the not much more respectable Burnet, have 
 so overlaid all the History of the Reformation with falsehood, thai i* has 
 been well nigh impossible for ordinary readers to get at the facts.' 27. 
 
 That T believe to be the true explanation of this asto- 
 nishing state of affairs. 
 
 And now one word in conclusion. 
 
 What, it may be asked, k the practical utility of these 
 ro>earches into history? 
 
 T answer, (1) That it i* the duty of every man to srscer- 
 tain the truth. (2) That it is especially incumbent upon 
 Catholics for their own satinfaction, to be able to shew 
 categorically and definitely, that these charges, which are 
 every da\' thrown in their faces, prove only the ignorance 
 of those who make then. Moreover, the result of these 
 investigations cannoj, be without its effect iipon persons 
 outside the Church, who for our immediate purpose, may 
 be divided into three classes. 
 
 And here I desire to say that in this division I do not 
 include that small number of large minded, cultured men, 
 
 
 stj. Littledale Lecture on Innovations. 
 
19 
 
 « class not whclly un represented in the Proterttjinfc pulpiti» 
 of thin city ;— men whoHe natural <liHposition and whoHe 
 -extensive reading alike protect thorn from the necessity 
 of having recourse to such methods of controversy as the 
 dieeerai nation of the traditions we have been considering — 
 men who, when they have occasion to allude to the 
 •Catholic Church, do so in language betitting her great 
 place in the world's history. Excluding these persona 
 then, the great majority fall into three classes. 
 
 (1) ThoMO who take no intorest whatever either in these 
 traditions, or in their refutation. (2) PeiHonH who are so 
 fortified b}' their invincible prejudice that the clo.'ire.-it and 
 most convincing argument servos only to irritate and 
 annoy; (3) and lastly thoHC, and I would fain believe 
 their number is not inconsiderable, who are actuated by an 
 honest desire to know the truth, and arc di8])0sed to deal 
 fairly, even by the Catholic religion. To theso persons 1 
 would say :— 
 
 Amid the multiplicity of jarring sects around you there 
 fltands forth an imposing figuio which c'uims to be the 
 80le exponent of God's reveliiiion to man. Belonging 
 «xcluHively to no nation or jieople, bhe is tho mother of 
 them all. For eighteen hundred years who haw exif^ted, 
 despite the str('nnf>nH oppocjrion of ompiron and of njotiar- 
 ■chios long since crumbled into dust. And now in the 
 renewal of her immortal youth she is still sending forth 
 her missionaries to the uttermost ends of tho earth, and 
 still meeting the attacks of hostile rulers in the same 
 «pirit as that in which she confronted Atiil.M. Look at 
 me, she seems to say, — is there anything under the wide 
 canopy of heaven to compare v?ith mo, in unity, in 
 majesty, in power? You seek truth. I am the pillar and 
 ground of the truth. You seek light. I boar the Jjight 
 of the world. You seek life. My mission is to guide men 
 unto Life Eternal. Ma»jy calumnies have been uttei-ed 
 against me in the past. They and their auihortj are lo»)g 
 since forgotten. Many calumnies are spoken against 
 me to-day. As earthy vapours obscure the heavenly 
 
 w 
 
20 
 
 bDiiioB, HO do those lying traditions, oft timoH r9pcfttetl, 
 coiieonl my J'ace from you. Yc'U have l)een taught to 
 beiiovo thnt I have hidden away God's word for centuries—* 
 that r have resisted the j)rcvjf»"088 of learning and of civili. 
 zatiou — that 1 have fluntj a shadow over Europe for a 
 thousand years. I need not the aid of any of my childreo 
 to rebut those hlanders. Open the histories of those times^ 
 written by men who never knolt at my altars, who lived and 
 died outside my fold. I do not say that they roprosont me 
 in all things as I am. '"ar Irom it. But unfriendly vvitnesse* 
 though they bo, thin much 3'^ou will learn from them — that 
 HO far from having conceidod the H0I3' Scriptures, but for 
 mo you would never have known tho Sacred Book I Far 
 from resisting the spread of knowledge, I have boon itft 
 nursing mother! Far from opposing the progress of civili- 
 zation, I have reclaimed all Europe from barbarism I Aye - 
 and more than Europe. Centuries before my noisy detrac* 
 tors of to-day were born, my miidionaries bore the gospel 
 into these western lands, then an unknown wilderness ^ 
 spent tho best years of their lives in imparting it to- 
 savages, and for it joyously underwent the most cruel of 
 deati>8. 
 
 Loarn the^e things from those who hatod me, and when* 
 3^)u have learned thorn, perhaps you will bo disposed to • 
 further enquiry, and so come to know that my doctrines 
 and precepts have been no less misrepresented than has- 
 been my historic past ! 
 
 M' 
 
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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS KEPT IN STOCK. 
 
 OTTAWA SKIilKS. 
 
 Sold at 6ci each or ^3.60 p«r 100. 
 
 No. 1. The Catholic Truth Society, ita aims and ohjoctH. 
 No. 2. TraditionH — Joh. Pope. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENGLISH SOCIKTY. 
 
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 What is {\\(: Bible ? By iho Uev. W. H. Andordon, S. J. 
 Confession to a Pi-icHt. By the isume. 
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 Was Barlow a Bishop? By the late Serjeant BollasiH. 
 180 : or the Church of Old" P^ngland protests. By Die Kov. 
 
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