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REPORT OF TKli CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART G: EUPHYLLOPODA Bv FRITS JOHANSEN b70 1 9 1 ::■) c::t V . !ii)7 p t .It -"?.": ^>^ :.a^ OTIA'.'. . 1-. A. \- i.'vMi ;RTij the KINCS Mn-l lIXClii.I.KN r MAll:;STY •J ^' ;y I", wa Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOI.I MK 1: NAKKVriti: OK TIIK »:.\r»:i*iTiirf:i,i-..n /.• ,.r, ,,.,r..f."i|i. r.ri ll »IU rill.HN 1 \UI". ::..-, In ," l"i>"l""ii. \tx.i >m; II: >:\«ni\i,M and iiiuus I'liii \ MWIMV- (ll \M •-,':: \\:< 1 H \\!l 1;IC\, lly llu-l'.liili Maitiii \m.I. ron. ' In [> ' fnutttf 'H). I':irt !l: I'.llil).- (i| Ul - 1 1 li'. Vi:'ili \'M,'!!i-\. \.\ H. ^K \r,.l.''-..n iind I' \, riiv.Tn.T. \«I,I M! Ill: INSKCr- 1 \ 1 l;i 1 1 , 1 < ■ !'l< i\. l;\ 1 I,:!., Ill .,m:' 1 ,-,I I>,<; ti,i„ : pi, I'.iyii. Farf S ( 1 II i,i \lr,M(. \ l;\ h. ii;. 1 ; ,l-,,i , /. .u • .lu!„ in, l:i\'i\. I'liri !■,■ M'l l('ii-|: l!iiliri \-:.i| - r.v s:,ii>,ii n.ink- 1 ..'!• 1 .lulu ll. I 'I"- I'lirl ( DII'II.HV ' 'r.i.'f-lii- - l'.\- ' t'tit'-t' \i'.i";*r M..«i|iiitii. - l;y ll!iiii-ui, 1 p. 1 '>.-i- i)|n;,-.i . .. luilii'V Tihuli'l;!' :ii 1 1 ^il; i.hii". I.v .1, iC. Malli.ili l.^sn, i .Inhi l.\, t'n'.x . I'art ll MM l.nl'.'i \i, \ WI) \\i>,\,\ ;; \. Mullo:!, .,_■., i;\ \, U. it>ki'! \:.iL.i.i. f'v (. . . r.-.i; Ml.: ii. 11, : . \iiii:iii . i 'fu Sfi>i.m':,, n. vnu,. r.iri 1.: f ul i,ii;'j|.lil.',. Inti-I lii-ii 1-, iii. Iii 1.' -; ImI.i', ( 'r":,-;ili;. ■i,!;i>, all 1 1 i|iri'-. i.lu'. !;\ .1 M. rMiiirif. > a! ilii.li. :n..l -iliiiii la-. I;; 11. < . 1 .ill < nil l.iilj'. 1.1;. !• n.iii', 1 ii'\ - liii.'li l.i-p ati'l Kiivi, .i 'iili'ira ■-.■■. n-lnj; limliH,;. Uv <-. W. I.i'ni'. I)\' ...11 I'v .1. 1). M.. ii'ian. ll. 1 . I'.irt r IM Mi;"i ri; \. r.\ l .;■,■.. .r.; , \aiJ>iuii. I--II..I J'llij n. i:'i:i. I'arl C: 1 1 ', Ml , M IT 1 I', IM \ .M i 11. \ \ I' C A I 1,.-. >anlii -. I'.-n'liii.Hij.M.i.'a'. Ii> \|.\. II. .Ma.l .ir.uiay. Tara-M ii- II \'liit li"P''-t.'. H. ( l.ini^ 1 . 1 li Uf-. V.a-p.-aln Th . -. Us 1 . W . ! -Iinl-ll. rianl(iall-. Ii\ 1 .. 1'. -i !i i I l' I -ii,.l Xi.a inl'i r ^.V.iUI). r.ir! 11: .-I'll )i. US. Mi ri:s .\mi .m ^ k. mmhs. SpiiliTs. l!y .1. 11. I.rii. :' Mllc.^. I'.v Nanlliaii I'.aii' - Mviiai"'.!-. Ilv lialp'i \ ■ lainlMTliTi ' l'-l'li:H \ r.% .' i.ii.i- (..l.-.i . l.-suil.l.'fiwin, I'l, i:. I'arl .1 (UlT.ion i:i: A. Hv l:. M. \'. ,!k,T I ■i.i .<..,,!■ ml,, r ■..I'.l.i'if I'art K I\<1.C1 l.lll. ON •1111. \vl--ri,i;N \1!( ri<- (0\S1- ill .XMKllICA liy 1 rit-i .Inlian-iTi h-^ucd Sovi'mb*!' r, IU.il). V.'»H >IK IV: nOT.lNV Tan A: i It KS 1 1 W M 1 .K AliiN!- \ .\ 1 1 ' ' 1; 1 ..-■l 1 W.XT 1 : K 1 )l \ r< i.\! .<. liy 1 l.arl.- W l,j. I'art li: .M.\Ui \l: \I.(;\K. r!y 1 . ^ i,,i;i,|. tin }>r, i>a:nU„n). Pan ( : ri \(.!. lly.lnlin U.-iiiii.- ■ 'I,! im j,'tr,:liuii ) . Parti): l,l( 1! i N>. ' I', v (1 . K . -M.'i ul. hi /ir, /..nilum). I'arl K: Mi>S,->|.:.-. J'.y li. - . U i!]M:i!- . /.-.>./..( l-'ilifiii,;/ .<, i:)Jt). V<»M MK V: BC>T.V>Y Part .\: \ \.-i ; Ll,.\ li I'LANI-, lU .i ui,. - M . Marnun iiii.rnic... llolin l6su-d Uct'bcr H. !f)>n. Part 1): CK.vrUl!;! TluN.- iii 1 111, Mi iK I'!l( il.i Hi V, .<\" N( i.\ ^ M V .\.M K . ION i:it \ 1. I>l.~ r Hl- I'.IThiXnl \i:i;iii r!,\N!S, I'.v i lir.., Ili.lia •U^wd t'ibiwirij lu, lasi.) Purl I': (il'.NI.H M. Miii:,-'>\ \l(i lie \ i:( i!-,l'.\ 111 ).\. By !• n' - .|..iian.si.'n. 1,1 jir, jiti;ilionf . von MK V!: n.SIIKS, TIXK .VTKS. KTC. Part .\: I'l^hls. I.y 1. ,;..li i-i-im . , .'In jt, imiftiun}. Part ii: .\.-^( U )..'. NS, ICTC. 1'... ,\ i , liiini-nian '.hi pn i„irali,ini. VOI.I MK VII: ( Rl ST,V( i,.l Part \: Di.CAriill I'UrsT.Xri .\N.-, liv Mary ,1, Hatlilmn (I.'„ r ID. ll'M). I'art K: .\MI'li;I'Ol).\. By Clar.'M.-c li , -^li.H'pial.iT ils.:i„ i .S,,,!, mh, r r. I9jij}. I'art K: PVCNOiiilNlDA. liy Li'ini .1 r„W. /.«:.<•(( J,iniijni .i, 19.'',.. Pan (i; i;r I'll"! 1 1 1 M'l ID.V. Hv 1. .;.■!. ,in-.Mi llniir,issi. Pan H: CI.MHICl;!! V, Bv ( ■hancvv .lll.lav (I.-wiglit .Mar^li i/,.-,mm( ,4 ..ni 2r. ■ iu). Part K: .M \KiM; (■iir!;i'()l),\, liv\,nill..v ' l.s.^u,,i Jim,- ^5. IdiO). Part I,; 1'\1!A.<1 nc CiU'lJ'i'DV. B\ ( harli's li, Wilson il .^u,,! .\wiii.-,t tl. 1920). Part M; CliUUI'i.Dl.V. liv 11. A, I'.U! .arv [lniini>arali,mj. REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART G: EUPHYLLOPODA By rRITS JOHANSBN OTTAWA i'. A. ACI.AM) PRINTER TO THE KING'.S MOST EXCELLENT MaIESTY luued May 10, 19.'1 Euph>ih<]v)d Crust. icen of the \morii-an Arctic. lU I'Iti I- .lK\. II 1//1 tiiaiiy tij-l-figurm INTlJODi I TlnN. Tlic iimis .'Xainiiu'il for fn^^liwatt r crii^tMCra diiriiiv: tin <'aiiailiiin Arclit Kx|MMljtii'ii ill the yc.'irs l'.M:<-Hi, wrrv tlic .^oiiili >i(|f ni Seward [H'iiiii>iila Alaska (Nnmr aiika ami ^'ukoii Tirritury I'r.ifii Cainilt'ii l>a.v tn ili'r>cl.rl island; ('apr Hatliiir«l: and the ^oiilli «idi' ul' Dulphiii and I'liiiin strait. I'roiii Voiinn point to Capf Kni^cnstrni. At Capr Matliurst of tlu' EntoriHistrac.'i only ('opt'|)ods, Cladoccra ami Ostrai'ods witc found. Hi'sidis tlii'sc Canndian Arctic I^XjM'dition ^jicciin I liavi iiccii dilf to examine many of the !']\iph;, llopods forineriy collectid in the American Arctic (Point Barrow and Pril)ih>f islands. Alaska; Fiillertoii. uot side of Hudson liay: Labrador. I'liKiiva, Kllesmeie island), and to compare them with specimens from (ireenland. Amoiitf the r«'cords of these older collections i.-.ome of which are here recorded for the first time), I include tile additional data K'ven l>v liiiird. Packard, Sar.^, Dnday de IVes. etc. The present report thus aims to tie a fairly complete account of the Kuphyl- lojiod Oustacea tiow known from the American Arctic lexi'liidinK (ireenland 1. They comprise one' species of Notostr.'ica, three of Anostraca. one of which is descihed as new; and oni' .species of ( 'oiichostraca. For a description of the various lanoons. lakes, and ponds, etc., examined during the Canadian Arctic Ex*;i'dition 1 refer to Part N, in this volume. I am indebted to the officials of the United Stat( \ational Museum, Wiishinnton, D.C, fc an exai.iin.ition of the arctic Euphyllopmla rlepositecl there; to Prof. C!. (). Sars of Christiana, Norwav, for certain inforui'ttion about the specimens recorded by him; to Prof A. S. IVarse of the Iniversity of Wis- consin, Madison, for assistance of various kinds, and to Dr. .\. G. Huntsman of Toronto University, for many heipful suRgestions on the m.^'iuscript of this report.' 'Pr()(es..i(ir n. O. i^ars aeaurpd by the Second Norwegian Arctic KximhI. on Gr: nell I>uiri(l an I recorded !)}• him ( 1811 ' . (See Caraiclian 1 ielerted during the printing of it. SiniiUir ^'p<■(■iIm■n^ in 11ritii>h ^'Us(■uIn of .\!itur:il 'Lritor), l.:'i ■ .. w. i ilvi examined. 2(5.549— U *'^ ("nnadian Arctic Expedition, 191 3-1 91 ft Order Fiiyi.lupoda. Suborder Notostoaca. Family APODIDAE Burmeister. Genus Lepidunis Leach. Lepidurus arcticus (Pall.)' Monoaihi.-< arcticus. Palla.s, 1793, App. (p. 679), p. 39. 175 JohIx^fv mu' '=^' I^iLLJEBORG 1872, p. 843; VanhOffkn, 1897, p. 1/0, JonAN&E^, 1911, p. 333; Stephensen. 1917, p. 284. ^"''lTl8t3''f i^C'/ff?',P7• 9'/t ^^^^' fi8- 2= P'^'^KAKD. 1873, p. 619: ?»««; I'Pn o'^^H^oi^' ^^^'2^! LiLUEBORG, 1877, p. 11; MlRDOCH wS;P- 149; Simon 1886, p. 429; Guerne an^ Richard, 1889 p 631- Wesenberg-Und, 1894, p. 87, and 1896, p 135- Sars 1874 n 88-1 SSfi ^■IV.f^' P- 27;and 1896, p. 68, Plates XI-XIII;S„Ai 189^ and 1898, p. 327-33; Linko, 1901,'p. 66; Haberbosch 19ltp 134.^- *' ^'""SSaTSi iTi.'^ v' PP- ^ISn^.' '^''' P- '^■' LILUEBORG, 1900, p. 3; 19lTt, m V'i« 'n^''""''' ^?^^oP- 14: ^^*'°'^^' 1905, p. 342; Brehm Expedition Records Lake (lagoon) at Teller (Port Clarence), Alaska, July 25, 1913, 3 females. Lagoon-pond at Martin point, Arctic Alaska, July 26, 1914, 40 females. 11 fenfa^es'"'*"^ ^* Bernard Harbour Northwest Territories, August 10, 1915, ,„ . ^^^'^ on "dge at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, August 16. 1915, 4Z lemales, 2 males. > ^ • > ■> fema°es^ ^^ "^^*^ *** Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories, October 6, 1915, Pond on ridge at Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Julv 3, 1916 30 specimens (immature). • ' Other Records. I Ti»'^"?'^u^ P?,*^'^,^,* P°''** Barrow and Ooglamie, Alaska, Julv 10, 21, 1882 J. Murdoch coll. (Murdoch, 1885, p. 149), 65 females. ' - ' > Ponds on coastal plain of Arctic ocean at lat. 69° 40' N lone 141° W July 25, 1912, J. M. Jessup coll. 10 females, 6-15 mm. long. ' fRpirSTsro'""'!.?***]^"' Northwest Territories, August 19, 1849, J. Rae coll. (Baird, 18o2, p. 6). Four males (?) about 10 mm., 9 females 11 to 20 mm. long.^ Prof. G. 0. Sars tells me in a recent letter (April, 1921), that this species was a so secured by the "Gj6a"-Expedition (Amundsen), at Gjoa-Havn, south A lonrT'"^?'"'*'™ •''""'•' "" ^^"^ following dates: August 12, 23, 1904; August 1 l^^ ""^ specimens are very many, and measure from 5 to 20 mm. in length. 0.O(»' ^^^ '""" smallest specimens are in poor rnnrlition; the « lareest (IS-in mm 1 female:^ -tirry winter- Euphyllopoda r, o I I i An unusually larRC (3| cm. to corcopods) female from St. Paul island, Pribilof islands, Alaska. March 7, 1911. W. L. Hahn coll.' 9 females (I4 to 21 cm. lonjt) with eggs. Northumberlaml island, North- west Greenland, 1899. Princeton Expedition (Ortman, 1901, p. 145). 16 specimens (j to 2\ cm. long; females with ripe eggs) Lake on Xorthuniher- land island, Northwest Greenland. August 7, 1901. R. Stein coll. Beside these I have examined a great many speeiniens from (Ireeiilaiui, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Scandinavia, Baeren islaiul, and arctic Eurasia in various mu.seums (see footnote ^ on p. 9). General DisnuBf tion The siH'cies is already known from Cape Rutherfonl, (iriiiiiell land (Sar>, 1911) and a number of localities on the north, west and east coasts of Greenland (see Stephcnsen. 1917), Spitsbergen (Lilljeborn, 1877), Iceland (Kruyer, 1847), Baeren island (Lilljeborg, 1877), mountains of Norway (Sars, 1874, etc.), and Sweden (Lilljeborg, 1877), Archangelsk (Linko, 1901 ). NovajaZenilya (L>lljel>org, 1877), and Arctic Siberia (between longitudi's 120° and l.jO" E. (Sars, 1897). It is thus a truly eircumpolar form, though in America it has so far not been recorded from between King William island and Labrador and from the western- most of the islands co!nposing the Canadian .\rctic Archipelago. (I can find no definite records of it from Labrador.) BlOLO(iY The species has been well described and figured, mainly by Sars (see above) who secured fairly young stages (2.2 mm. l(jng) of it. Also Brehm (.see biblio- graphy) described still younger stages collected by my.self in northeast Greenland, and similar young siiecimens were collected by Olofsson on Spitzbergen (1918, p. 384.) Two larvae (metanaiiplii) of the same length (about lo mm.) collected on Novaja Zcmlya, June 23, 187.5, are in the Kiksmuseum, Stockholm. In a former paper (1911) I have recorded my observations made in Greenland on the biology of this species, and similar data were obtained during t\w Canadian .\rctic Expedition, except that no stages between the ripe, deposited eggs and young individiuils 3 mm. long were found. I have formerly '1911) stated that the nauplius stage seems to be suppressed, or of exceedingly short duration^ in this species; so all the stages from the egg to the full-grown individuals of both .sexes may therefore be considered known. It is a well-known fact, that the vast nuijority of the specimens observed of this species have been females (see also the records above); the males only attain half the size of the females and seem only to appear later in the summer (August), and in very small numbers (see bibliography, Sars, Brehm.). At least in Greenland the females reach a length of 3^ cm., exclusive of the 3 cm. long cercopods (Lilljeborg, 1877).' Field Notes .\nd Deshuption of M.\teui.\l Of the 3 specimens from Teller, Alaska, the largest was only a fragment, but the two others were females, both 12 mm. long to end of telsou (supra-anal plate), while the cercopods (caudal filaments) were 9 mm. long. I give here an outline (magnified about 50 times) of the shape of telson (dorsal view) of one of the 12 mm. long sjiccimens; a comparison of this figure (text figure la) with the succeeding, similar ones mentioned below shows the gr(>at variation in this ' It f^oenis as if the occurronce on isliind.'* tends tiiwurds increasinK t!ie size at wliii-ii nature siM-eimens of lioth this spoeies and of liranrhintrta paludoxa isee p. li*^ are Keneraliy found in the Arctic. ■The yetiur AjJits har- a '■•.vVl drlr::!--! nautj!iu-'--f at:r -'fT t "'at;-, I'a'(*!\ ^ In tlie ZixjIuKicul Museum, C'oponliaRen, is a :i4 mm. long spi'eimen from Iceland, collected on August 2S, 1906, and in I'pp.salft Museum a ,36 mm. long specimen from Ciodhavn 'Discoi, West ( irei^nland. 6o Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 p^'fTaS'xiir '"""' ''^*''''' '''"'^ ""''' "*"*' ^^'='"'^'"K »" "8« («*■« •'*'»'-^ (1890). KXPLAXATION or rKXT-KlOURKs I All the IlKures, exropt 1,/, . , ure origin.-il, trc-hand drawinK. after alcoholir .poWinen- v,..« imcroscopi'. !'•«,• I un ler the Fis. 1 . Tel. 'I. I -c.n nf )ors:il l.rpnlHiii^ ,iTiticu-< Pall, (see also Olr.tssoii, li)l>i, Ors. lS-19.) view. Alioutx.iO. Atiimalfemalei l.'mm.lonn. Teller Alaska "MaH'„T>in'r"uas J''^"' ""*• ■''""' " '"• ■^"'"'"' 'f--l<-^ ^i ■"-■ '-S- ""'iZ^'ifeCnil^kr'"^- '••""'''"• Anin.al(fe,..ale. H ,„.. '^'"'Trehnl i"'"'"'''"'^' "' "*"'"' ' ' "™- '''"'^' '""•" f™"" NH.-Creonlan.l .fter Telson^ami ,.ercop,.d of about 2 nun. long larva from Fiiefjeld. Xorwa.v (after TeNon^and ■=«;^7;P;';l;'fj^ ""n- long larva from Hernard harbour. N'.W.T., .luly '^'""ti.UHS. '^"'""'' ''''"'•'''"' ' """• lonit. lJern.ard tmrl.,„jr. X.W.T.. V»>..i=t '^'TlVlil: -^""""' ''•"'=''<')'-»"■'. long. Hernard ht.rb,.ur. N" AV.T.. t»ctobor Eiiphyllopoda o7 I Tho sppcimens from tho vicinity of Point Biirrow. Alaskn. eoliootod Ijy Mur- doch in 1882 were all females and measun'd from 1 to 2i cm. to end of telson. The great majoritv of the oO specimens from July 21. carried almost ripe eggs (except the youngest individuals), hut none of the l.i si)erimens (1-lJ cm. long). from July 10 had anv eggs. Murdoch (1885) notes, that in 1882 they were first observed on Julv 8, i)Ut the next vear ten days later:' and these early specimens were prohablv less than 1 cm. long, and the brood of the year. Armature ami shape of tel.son arc- as in the Canadian Arctic Expedition specim«'ns ot corre- sponding sizes. The specimens from Martin point, Alaska, measured from S\ to 18 mm. to end of telson; I give here >text figures 16, c) oir lines of the shape of telsim of the two .xtremes of size of these animals. The armature of spmes on telson of the 18 mm. long specimen was as in the 12 mm. long specimen irom Teller, Alaska (see above), while its cercopods were 10 mm. long. Only three of the 40 specimens were less than 11 mm. in length; tlie others had shape ami armature of telson as in the 18 mm. long specimen or as in the two specimens from T'}'*''"- When seen in the water the carapace of the living annuals was spotted light and dark brown (coloured like the mud-bottom of the lagoon-jx nd they occurred in), with the paired eyes blue, lined with purple. He.id and tail coloured like carapace, but certain places ("snout" and underside of friH' tail end) with rose- liurple. Cercopods brown. Inner side of carapace rose-brown. Foliaceous legs brown-green with pale appendages, the 11th pair of legs (female) darker green and with rose, big eggs. Telson pale greenish-blue, with base of cercopods dark. These Lepidiinis were swimming around very actively in the shallow lagoon-pond, making bv movements of the foliaceous legs their characteristic long, windmg furrows in the mud surface; or burying themselves in the latter, so that their trails were more obscure, with an animal at one end of each. Their food con- sisted of the still smiiller invertebrates (Daphiiin piihx, Copepods, midge-larvae, etc.) present in great numbers here. .\s I collected practically all the L>pidurus I saw in this pond their size indicates that they all belong to the brood of the year (11)14). and thus were almo.st two months old. The specimens from Bernard harboui July 3, IDlti, measureil only from 3 to 10 mm. in length, with cercopods from IV to .") mm. long. As mentioned p. .") these are the voungest individuals secured during the expedition, and I give here (text figure' 1/) an outline (dorsal view) of telson and its armature of the smallest sju'cimen. A comparison with text figures lb, g. will show that the outline of telson is more ectangular than triangular, and runs out into three long spines and a very short one. while th(> older stages (more than h cm. long) have only hen larger spines here, between which (with si)ecimoii- more than 1 cm. long) are fouiul a few smaller spines. From the many Am.iican specimens I have examined this seems to be a constant and characteristic armature of the telson even in very big (uj) to 3 cm. long) individuals, while the row of tiny spines on the middle of the dorsal side of telson vary in numt)ers from two to four, as also the number of still smaller si)ines = between the terminal end of telson and the cercopods. In individuals less than 3 mm. long the shape of *\w telson is also more rectangular than triangular, and according to Sars ( 18i)6) and Brehm (1911)' ends in only two well-defined -pines (points i. From the te.xt figures la, h, c, g, h, and Oloisson's account (1918, p. 384-80, figs. 18-19), it will also be seen bow the outline of telson from rectangular becomes triangular, and in tli< older individuals almost spatulate, though they do not reach the maximum develoi)ment in the latter rway (Sars, 1896, Tab. XII).'' In color even the smallest ' Krnm thi> ii;irr.-itivp nt the expedition, it appears that Hib sin.iiniT I'iirne l:itor in 1SS:5 tliun in 1SS2. ■' Thesw spines seem to lie absent with imlivi.luals less th;iii atiout 4 nun. lonu. ' See text tiRures lii. e copips). , ^, , ,,„,„ < Data about the growth of the cercopo Is are given by Olofsson (laitjj. 8o Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 of the specimrns from Bornari i arbour, July 3. 1916, h;:a the Rrccnish lustre typi- cal of this species, the youngest ones being most transparent, l.ut without tlie oranRc main colour characteristic of the still earlier stagc-s (Sars. 189(). Johansen 1»11), except for the intestine. A jjhotoRraph of a part of the pond in which they occurred is given on p. 7 in the report on Cladocera (Part H) in this volume- they were not found in the north-en 7 a,ul it is fair to assume that thev represent the brood of the year (K)l()), and thus are about one month old. The specimens from a lake inland at the same localitv, August 10, 191.") had a length of from 8 to 15 mm. (carapace 6 to 10.\ mm.). (»-ily the bi-'gest one had a f.-w almost ripe rose-purple <-ggs in the pouch (llth leg pairs), while the others ha.l unripe, whitish eggs. I kept them alive for a while, and noticed how they devoured the fairy shrimi)s iliranchinfctu paludosa) found in the same lake, i he latter wa.s a typical large tundra pond or lake situated on the lowland, with a stony or mudi'y (detritus) bott(mi with manv bights with ('(//-ex-vegeta- tion. Its depth was not ascertained, but probablv fess than one fathom The specimens from August 10, 191.5, were secured in the same pond as those from July 3, 910 (sec above), and measured from 7 to 15 mm., the largest specimens having the cercopods 9 mm. long. Two of the 15 mm. long (cercopods /-8 mm ) specimens I consider to be males (after an examination of their llth pa r of legs), though hars .states (1890. p. 70), that the mal.- attains a length of oni> 1^ mm They are the only males I observed with certaintv during the expedition though it is of course jx.ssible. that some of the vounger individuals Jt"R,rnf.r ''!" ?"' ":"»™ft'"'-.in l''»Rtl') ^cured. are mah-s: Their occurrence NlIwnvTiw ' iZ'!" *'"; "V^''"V* /^T"*^^ ='S""''^ ^■•*'> ^^''^t i« known from ^or^^a^ Oars, 189()) ami Creenlaml (Brehm, 1911), as mentioned p. 5. I give here an outline (fxt hgure hj) of the sh.ai)e and armature of telson in the ■\ IT'^'^^n V ""V- ""'-'' '^Pecim..!., and refer to my remarks, pp. 5-7. ( )nlv a few ot the 40 females .secured (August 10, 1915) had a couple of eggs in iluMiouch planiretc''' '" '""''''" *'"-' *''"' '"'''" '"'■^'''■'' 'l^'p"^it.-d now, ,,n waU^- The pond in which these were found had on October 0, 1915. ice 7 inches thick over a waer depth of 9 inches. Frozen into the ice I Aotice 1 ma. y S durm arcticn. of all sizes, often found around air-bubbles enclosed in the ice at fi", r"n !u * i chopping them free and later thawing out I ascertained nouch nth'"'"\"'Vr'' '''''^^'' J"'! *'"" f">l-f?rown females all had in eacHeg nr.PPH iii ^""■\"* '""^-^ °"^' S'^'-1^-P»n)lc, ripe egg (1^ mm. in diameter). I p aced these eggs o rearing, an' "ii'l "<'t l'«tch I ,d.so cut a hole fhm^^'h thnrn ""'• i'"*^' ?'^"' ' V^ Swimming actively aroun.l under the ice, 94°P i^n T '^"'^' '-' ''^' '"^•^*^^ f'^ ^™t, however, i)articularly .tt Point Harrow (.see p. 7) in July, of si)ecimens up to 23 mm. long, seems to make it impossible that the oldest (say above 10 mr\ long) of these can have attained such a size daring the little more than a month which has passed since the eggs hatched. It is a well known fact, illustrated also by the measurements of the specimens given on pp. 4-8, that there is often a great difTerence in size between the Lepidvrus occurring together at a particular date in the same i)ond or lake. The specimens from Northumberland island. Northwest Greenland, August 7. 1901 (see p. ,5); from Point Barrow, Alaska, July 21, 1882 ;see ji. 7), and from Martin point, Alaska, July 20, 1914 (p. 7), are cases in point. I'.ven alKwing (see above) for a certain number of those occurring during the summer being hibernating females, the fact that all intermediate sizes between the smallest and the largest individuals are found, seems to prove that tl.e i-ggs do not all hatch simultaneously when the ice melts in the spring, and that the rate of growth of th(' members of the new brood is diflerent, according to the amount of food each one is able to secure. - According to Scharff (History of European Fauna, I-ondon, 1899, pi). 94, 107) and Wesenberg-Lund (189o) this species is known from iirctic, pleistoceuf; strata in Scotland and Denmark, as also in southern Sweden (Nathorst.) ' Prof. Sars tells nie in a reoint letter I hut lie thinks this is not iniprciliahlc. HeaNn infcirms me thai ttesides the lakes given in "Fauna Norvepiea" it has later iieen futtnd at many other pla.-es in southern Norway, but only in mountain lakes situated at high elev;aion (about 2000 to 4000 feel: we also Sars. 1891, p. 27.) Olotsson's statements (1918) about k-s biology in .Spitsbergen, outside the summer months, are not founded upon actual observations. ■To make these points more clear I have recently taken the trouble to measure the approximate l(>ngths tto end of telson) of all the specimens from (;re<'niand and l-^urasia ' found in the museums in I .ondon , Copenhagen, Christiania, Uppsala, Stoekholiii and tiothenliurg) which have definite dates of iiillectin'i given upon their labels. The following is a .summary of the risulls of this, to whicli should be added the i\'ery little) information given by various authors. II (st dricntand. Hcginning of July; .'>-l,"> mm. Middle and Knd of Jul,-: 10-1':) mm II I5 mm.; Knfl of July: 3-25 mm.; Beginning of August; 10-2.5 mm ; .Middle of .Vugust 10-2.1 mm.; End of Augus* and lieiiinning of September: 10-;iO mm. Inland. 'ing of -Vugusf .5-1.') mm.; Knd of .August; 2.i-:i.j mm. Spilsbergt . t. ginning' of .\ugust: 5-15 mm.; Middle of .\ugust; 7-23 nun.; Knd of .Vu^ust; s-20 mm. Bieren ishim. Middle of July: 10 mm.; Knd of July: 10-20 mm.; .Middle of .Vugust: .S-14 mm. .V/in/nyoKrf.sVcrf.n, Middle of Julv : 15 mm-: Kndof Julv; 5-20 msn.; HeirinnicK of .\iij.'usl; 10-20 n' in.: l.iid of August: 2.'! n- 1 Xuvaja Zemhia. !'■ I of June; I J mm.; Middle of July: 7-10 mm. 'Uicria. Knd of August: 15 mm.; Heginnin); :)f September: 30 mm. 10 G Canadian Arctic Expedition. t9lS-t9tS Suborder Anostr ■.<:*. FAMILY POLYARTEMIIDAE Simon. (Icmis Polyartemiella Daday lic Ddcs. Polyartemiella hazeni rMunlocli). Pohjartnnia haznii Murdoch, 1884, p. .J22; 1885, p. loO, pi. II: Ekman, 1902, p. 5, figs. 1-5. I'ulyartemiella hanseni DadaY de D6ks., IIIH), ]^. UHi, fii?. 2; Pi\nsE. H»i:i p. 2; 1918, p. ma. Pulyartemiella hazeni JoHAy>i.s, 1921 ]>. 2.'). i"( an. Field-Nat.",) This specios was first described and naiiie(l by the collector. John Murdoch. Ekman and Daday de Dees later amplified Murdoch's dtjscription, givinp; some far better figures of both sexes Imt Daday apparently misn'ad the specific name as hanseni, a mistake later followed by Pearse. While the southern party of the Canadian Arctic Expeclition stayed at Teller (Port Clarence), near Herinu strait, .\laska. in 19i;i, I found specimens of both se.xes of this species in two different tundra-ponds here.^ Two males were secured in the brackish pond, between the large lagoon lake and Port Clarence bay, on .Xugust 3, 1913. I give here (text figure 2) an outline of the head and tail-ends (dorsal and ventral views) of one of these males. The total length (from tip of A2 to end of cercopods) is 12 mm., A2 being .3 mm. and tail 2 mm. long including the short (2 mm.) cercopods. Murdoch sti'tes, that with his specimens the body (probably exclusive of A2) is double the length of the abdomen (tail); but from an examin- ation of my specimens this applies more to the female (see below) than to the male where its bod\- length is three or four times that of the abdomen. The colour of the living animal is, according to Murdoch, a pale iridt-scent green; in addition to this I find, however, that the accessory claspers (see below), the mouth parts and the ])r(>truding genita'ia are more brownish (cutictila), and the contents of the intestine dark green, as also the jjaired eyes have a brilliant purplish- l)lack colour, bordennl with red. The number of foliaceous legs are 18, while the females from August 6, 1913, have only 17 i)airs, a sexual difference already noted by Murdoch. As seen on text figure 2c the front-end of the head runs out anteriorly into a broad, coniform and thoi-ny "lamellar process" - b(>hind which the small, black nauplius-cye is situated. The first pair of antennae are more ol)scure, being more or less hidden by the enormously developed second pair of auteimae (A2). The latter are, with my two males nmch swollen and antler-like, being divided into three branches, of which the lower one is the longest (and biggest) with three jo' its; the next shorter and with two joints; and the terminal one a str )y, single joint. The whole of the inner i, under) side of these claspers (A2), fn their base to the tips of tlic branches is covered with small spines, particu- lai extensive on the middle part of the clasper. At the base of each clasper is inserted, viiili-aUi/. a much shorter, truncate appendage tapering ofl' at the free end, and also with small spine-hooks on the inner side, from the base to the terminal point. I propose to call these the "accessory claspers." Thej- are only about one-third the lengths of the large claspers (.\2), but distinctly set off from ' A romparis in of the descripli in ami figures of P. h iz-ni. from Teller, Ala.ska, given in this report, with Murdcw'h's and *''kman'? (t)ie liitter ^iipie*! by nadny, 191**) desi-riptiony and figure-*, sIhiws certain diiTerenccs in the male claspers and in t!ie geiiitjil region of both sexes. Prof. .\. S. Hearse, of Madison, ViTisconsin, however prononnees the speeimens from Teller, sent to him for examination, to be /'. hansfni, '•I', ha ni) Murdoeh. Daday's "apiM'ndnge.' ' i Eu/ihyllopoda n 11 the latter us an almost wcirm-likc, ap|)ar»'ntly very coiitractili- and iiiovaUli- paired apiwnduge. Murdoch does not mention nor fiRure these "accessory claspers," l)ut records the longest of the three branches of the large claspers (A2l as a large, curved proc<'ss (armed on the tip and inner surface with numerous tine teeth; Fit:. 2. I'olii'irtfmif'lla h■iz^■ru iMuniorhi. M;ilo. II. W'ntral view of bond. Ahrtut x o<). h. " " Kcnitaliu jinii ivbdinrion. I . noisal vifw of lu'uil clusiHTM only imlii Alu-kii. Auitii^f :;. I'.tl::. Almul X .')!). lili'ili. Al)out \ "ill. projecting from the micUHe of the lower surfare of A'2. Hr also nuMitious that the extremity of the large claspers is liifurcated into two short. l)lunt branches, also armed on the inner siile with fine teeth, which corresiyoiid with my specimens (see above). Ekman(l'.)02),Daday (1910) and l\'arse( 19 18) in describing the large clasi)ers as quadriramose, apparently include the "accessory claspers" as one of the branches of the large claspers (A2), which is perhaps correct, considering that the "acces- y, ^. Canailinn Arctic Kxpeilition. }913-19}S .1 „ ,.rm...l with "tortl." (sniiu-liooks). ai».l th.Tc may be some srasoiuil aiul l...al variation as to <' * ,;\7^'" '',,!. ri,,,,k.Ml in Mur.lo-h's 1, is. thon.for. p.ThapH not so sarpr.sn.K, '» ' ; ' >;^^\'^,; Vs „lso v.-rv po..r. Tl.r ,„,.n. suiM-rfirial .h.seriptu.n of <'"■, >"" i;-^,, ;*\«;^;,, .J \,^ ..^t ..ul l.roa.l. an.l f.,liac....us i..|£s of this spccios arc .l.-sc-riho I • •; ;[;';".;,'^,.,;' „.,.i,.s ,/'. j,olm,i) an. v..ry similar to th. f""";;;"";^ '"'';;' ,»": *'',„ ;so 1 .-an pass ri^ht tigur..,! an.l .U-srnl.cd 'jJ' P''''''> /*^f; '^f L;'.V,,% , jh, vVntrallv ,m.tr.i(lin« K..nitalia ..f my sp..nm..ns "'■'\1''"'"IV'" ,:"'„: u;,i„,s 1, i th.'ir . .Ik-'s and .... almost hors.-shoe shap..l, and arm...! ^^ /, ; " ; 'i^?; ' ^;.?,. U of s.^m.-nts in ,h.- m<.r.- hluntly cut off end. / •'•\'^,^^''' ";,\ V " ,^[ Ac .m1 the U'iKhf.'l i..i>Ks 1^- i7i^.l;^^;;r;ut i^ied'at'\h;Sr::»^^ s. s to .. ,en se. . K The e r ■oi....ls are a little smaller t haii with t he lemah ~ ymmmmmssm these SIX females. It will i)e s( t n ui.ii, .listinet ' on the other spicuous than in th,- male, though t.„. «;"'i;^ ;;"> ;^ ^ ■^.1^.11... hraiu and hand, the first pair ..f ant.-nnae are "'•''•': ''^^^^V^r of antennae are only a.lhesive orpan behind the nauplius eye. 1 he ^/ ^Z.l finu r- ik.- at their tips, ilveloped ^ two eonind I'-tru ~.. J'n.^ =^ The labrum seems to be larRer than «'y,,;'*"'"^n "'.;,,„„„,„• is less tapering. ;ri;:r^";ir:|;:^^:prtt 3^^^^^^^^ -!;:-;e":Kt.:::n^^^^ ;!;;si;uv ^Iini^n^^^-l^ff X f :-~^^^ ::^:i-:r:^'^ a'hih.nnnal s..Kments; ami the ventral view ^ ^^^ ,^^^J '"^ , , 7* „ ! l.iat. in shape ..ach side of th.> uterine ..peiung, ,^»"-. •;;?.,' Vf''^^ ,: ,',\tr.-d view the ovarium supporte.1 insi.h. by a/.roud cireu ar im. J* V^,,^;;'^' ;'[„,,,,, „nlv separated is also sr.-u to be .■nclosinR th.' mtest ne a> ''''; " "T ,,'^' ,V"i,,,, „f t h,' ovarium, in two at the mid.lle. Half a dozen ripe e^ps appe r ''» ;« ^ s ' ^ ^^^^^ Murdoeh did not notiee the two ^I'f "jma d rsd flai-,^h^^^ ^,^^,,^^^;,^. two sU-nder (-tooth-like") processes t„.sn^e * ' ,\; '^ I ' .'"f.; ^c is about two- ' '""n't" "irzi;';.;,. » .u„e .„,»!,... ..«. i ■■' .i» to the same family (se(- Sars, 1890, p. WM,2j. The females of Folyart^nualla juday^.r. -O; --^-^ t^' aore m^ie but th.' males are immediately recKnize.l, th.nr . l.isp. rs ,,^ ,. ,HL. i.,," i!'i.-e-. Thr spfcirs i P. jmUvjis lia* iiillMTto onlv luen t'ouiiil on tlif Prihilof l^lamls, Alaska (Daday. I'.MOi. ZUs Fi((. .), I'ulyurlt miflla hinnii iMurilii "li '. 1 immiiIi'. 'loller. Alunka. Auku.-i U, l'.M:i. a. \i-:\U:d vk-n <•( lirnt!. Al..'u' v '-' li. " ■' Dviaao ami u' ' "ii'ii. AI>out x il). r. Dou« "'. ci. " " ()viatic iintl alui'MiHMi. AltouixiO. Mo (nnndian Arctic Erptdilion, 19J3-I9IS of «'«'i"'.-n8 of this «,>, fun.ira.p„ol.s „t OoRlaami o a'L Borrow i I l"''' T^ "'"^'^^ '^"•y'"'*- '' ■' •loch coll. 2 «,>rcimen« (ma r Kill "'v 7^^ July 24, 1882. J.M . rn,K. Smyth ^^.int ^'ZrSn lUri / ■' sprcmunn (one male, 2 fema ^s whh ,., J! fr , i^' •^- ,^^>"-'«'>fh coll. j "'"int Marrow), Ala4a. Sy ,,• '18^^! MZS'coir''' "* ^'^•>« S"»-^« »mr.rt*:;;::;? ';';' ;;.:;;:'t^o.::::;^;:;i^ir'^ ;""->• -- -^f^'y -.1 an. ver, .liffercnt .s,„.,.i..s. i.u-lu.lini til , n/ .hi^ h :./ T'"* '"""•\f"''>-^»'""'f- ''' f-mal..H in hiKh su, ,„ -r v v swi . ' ' ''"T '" '^"♦^•*'' "'•*' ^'"' f"" Krow. '•-»- »' ^ «'">'' f<.r ^ th:.i;;;2.;;;::;.:T'iir'.rr;::'''^ """"'"^ *" -^^>' •M. th,. houn.lary lin. I.Hw,' • A LlL in^ vionV" • '"" "V Uma 141° \V ) Tl.,.v li,., i "" *"* •»"<' » "Kon Tcrritorv (aboi Th. W Wn r^..., ,,,, ,^^^^^ t Int (iQo .1,' V . •> ""rsi' U!M.<), am t lat (,9 4( N.. on j„iy 2:,. 1912 (wh.r.' Hor^ ■•il » right ■H" X.. "llectr-d •iirr^ ? •i:iin ""=tini. iiftv i- in (I nius^kcR Int tS:''s;'^^=;:£.£-l^' 'T^''-^■-'"'- rau.t bo term,., » ty,,ii-nir™,la?v,,fH!n '.■'',''"'''■ ?" '**' "«■ 1» • very ,i„,il,,r ,„ tk^\^„STT"l", '^ ,„.!'" '»""» " "'-k"....''.* ooafif -vt'd (In two . ■ti. UK very Sim ■ r t thn^ f, "•presemativ,. ol tlip arctic fauna is p.2'i;in7ii:v:um;)/7thwicum';S '^'Y'^'i^ >^-'- .«-• 1 limit,.,! (hiKh arctic/ occumincot/h;''''^^' '^«"^"'.«"enti'«-' to this found much s,mth of tho^Sorm of uo ?""'''' ""''."P'nes -i xl w^il r towards th,. .south an,i east h-u-^ m.w h ^ '^ '''"''"^iV"" ^vh he h, do support Da,l iv's on nion hot /' ' ^'^^T"' "Wflifiod so, .vhat. Arctic PhyiloSdknXn"oV..i/n£S';V '"'?' '' *.^' '"''^' y^^'^^ ' ' ^t^h its .i.rihution^.;-ti^ •^sriimS:^'^^!:^!.;'^ lo.h. l.„.,.p, f„f „„. ,i,„ ,, , " "U ma e ;i,jn,i I '"'"""'• .'•"!«■• Kxpeditu.n 1S,S2-M Mur I 1 Euphyllopoda o 15 FAMILY BRACHINECTIDAE Daday d.- 1)^.*.. (ifiiiis Branchinecta Vrrrill. Branchinecta paludosa lO. F. MQIIfr). Canrir pnludusun MI^llkr, 1788. p. 10, pi. 48, ixn*. 1-8. Cniirfi- sldiinnlix Famhii ii !-. 17H0, p. 247 ('("" I.iNNAKrH). Ciinrir iintwhisii.i Ur.HUt^T. 17',«t-lH((4, |). IIH, pi. ;{.'), tigs. 3-.'); HriinchiiniK /miIuiIoxuk Ku<)YKH. 18;{8. p. .'lilt, No. 4l;(iKUBK, ls.">3. p. i;i7; Ukis- n.\Hi>T. 18.")7, p. 7:i: Dyhowski, IH(»(l. p. 200. IM. X. i\v.>. 7-S; I'.a. k.mid. IHt>7, p. 2\*n: l,ii.i,.iK.MoKii, IH72, p. M2; SAiii.iiKini, IS7.">. p :\>{): Dahay i)K I)£ks, IHilO. ,.. ;{,-), t\fi-. !-;{. limnrhiiiiin uniUkiulorfuiuiis Fischkk. |S.')I. p. l.");{, pi. \'M, titt*. \~-'l'.\; fiKtTBK, ISM, p. 130. Genu-' limnchipus (?) Haikd. I8r)2, |). 29. Bnnirhipnx (inwnlantltriix. \kkhii,i„ ISlilt, p. 'Xi; iiiul 1H70. p. 2n-ti. figs. 7-10. Hrniirhiimlii urclicn and (jiniiiUindica Vkuuill, I.e.; and Pai kahd, 187;{, p. 021. Bratichipus { Hiaiirhinectii i (irci.riiK and VfrilH Mikks, 1877, p. 10*>, pi. IV, tig. 1. liratichitucla pnhnhiaa Vkuhii.i., I.e.; Sars, 1874, p. 8!t; 18',>7, p. 487 , pl. 30 fig. !-.»• IhOt), p. 41, pl. \I-VI1I: I,ii.ijK»(>K(i, 1877, ]>. 4; 188H, p. l,->4, 1'a( K.AKI). 1883, p. 33t), pl. I.\. .\: WiKii/EJKi, 1H83 0882i; Wksknbkw;- Iani), 18!t4, p. 8iu;\skn. I'.tl7, p. 28.'); Hahkuhiwcii. I!t20. p. ,'.2; -loiiANSKN. I<.t21, p. 2.j. ('('an. Ficld-Xat.'i Tlic ah()V«' liihlidnraph.v shows cU-arly liow tin- s|Tccics Hiially (Tackardi Kot its -cicntific name, and it Ix'cami n'cognizfd, that all the other spcoics of he sanir genus in the Arctie an- only synonyn.s of //. palinlosu. Only the most important works puhlished sinu»- the seventies are given jibove. The s|)eeimens follow : Kxi'KDlTION HEtOHDS Al)out 30 nauplii and metanauplii from I'each-poiul ni < uilinsou point, Arctic Alaska, June 22, l',H4. 10 metaiuiuplii and immature ones from same pond as preceding ones, ,Iuly 10, 1911. 3 males, one female, from pool on Jiartir island, Arctic .\laska, .lulv 17, 1914. D. Jenness coll. Manv males and females from lagoon-pond at Martin i)oint, Arctic Alaska, ,luly 20, 1914. a males, .") females, from ininds on HiTschel island, Yukon Territory, August 13-14, 1914. .') males and 3 females from tundra-pond at Young point. Northwest Territories, .luly IS. 1910. Aliout 40 nauplii and metanaui)lii from ponds on Chantry ir-land (Bernard harbour). Northwest Territories. June 17, 1910. One metanauplius, hatched from hibernating eggs, nuddle of June, 1910, lake inland at Bernard harbour. 4 male" and t) females fr<>m s-hailow pond on windflat:- at B( rnard harbour June 30, 1910. Also immature s>ptcimens from brackish pond here, same date. 7 males and 9 females from same shallow pond as preceding ones July 0, 1916. 16 Canadian Arctic Kipeditiun. I9IS-I9IS 5 iiijili- Miiil i:< fciiiali- Iroiii ItrftckiKli imukI at HcriiMr.l liiirlxMir, July 10. I'.llf. 17 malt- and 1» IViiialf^ from watcrliDJc on I,. .kIi west of Hcrnanl lmrl)our. July 11. IIHi. :<'J immaiiirt' ones from liraiki^li poml at llcriianl iiarliour. July l.'i. I'.tl.'). ;{ lualis ami H U ..lalts from ^amr poml as prtcrdiiin; oiii's, July I'.t. I1M'>. One youiitf mall' and M) Icmali-H from mnw \H>tui a" pn liiiK oiu'^, AuRUKt 1, i and i> females from lake inland at Htrnard Imrhuur, AuRUsl 10, 1915. 12 males ami H females fn.m |Mmd on rnlRe s1o|K' at Hernur.l harliour, AuKUSt 2:<. n»i.-). Other A-mkkk an Uk( oki>» (excludiuK (Ireenhmd) Puddle at White Horw, Yukon Territory, June 7, 1»12, J. M. JesHup coll. (Pearse, 1913, p. 2). ^ , , « • . „ » .• About .')'> mnleH and oO females from tundra pools at Pomt Barrow, Art-tic Alaska, Julv 10, 1882; J. Murdoch coll.' (Murdoch, 1885, p. 149). About 70 males and 125 females from tun:*ra pools at Cape Smvth (Point Barrow) Arctic Alaska, July 16, 1883, and other dates; J Murdoch coll.' (Mur- Musken lake, coastal plain of Arctic ocean (Lat. «9° 40' N., Long. 141° W.), July 25, 1912; J. M. Jessup coll. (sex and numtn-rs not given by Pearse, 1 (11 Q T% 9 ^ Fragments of 2 males and 2 females from (pond at?) Cape Kruseiistern, Northwest Territories August. 18-19; J. llae coll.' (Baird, 1852, p. 29). Gjoa-Havn, on the south side of King William island, at the foUowuig dates: A few speeimens idurus arcticiis (Pall.) (Gjoa- expedition,).- r ,, i , ,.xt About 1 dozen siH'cimens from FuUerton, west side of Hudson .<'iy, Mep- tunc" Expediticm, 1903-04, A. Halkett coll.' (Halkett, 1900, p. 308). 2 males and 4 females from a pond at Point St. Charles (Montreal), Que., Mnv-June, about 1890; E. Ardley coll.' (Johansen, 1921, p. 27, "Can. Field-Nat."). " 28 males and 4 females (l| to 2 cm long) from fresln^ater-pools on rocks, mouth of Koksoak river. Fort Chimo, Ungava, L. M. Turner coll. (no date) ' 2 males and 1 female (about 2 cm. long) from Indian harbour, Hamilton inlet, Labrailor, August 12, 1908; O Bryant coll.' , ^ , . , , „ .„ Si)ecimens from pools on rocks at Indian Tickle and Tub island, Hamilton Inlet. Labrador, August 7, 10, 18(54; A. S. Packard coll. (Packard, 1883, p. 337). Vicinity of the winter-quarters upon Johan peninsula, east side of ElK^smere island (Lat! 78° 45' N., Long. 75° W.), as follows: 3 males ,. . bay near Rice strait, August 18, 1898. Many specimens from a freshwater pcmd, August 22, 1898, (about Ij cm. long.)^ _ Young specimens from brackish water, Winter-quarters, June 17, 1899. Y'oung specimens from brackish water. Winter-quarters, June 29, 1899. (Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the "Fram".)= 23 males any nie i K. Ji. « Letter of April, 1921, from Prof. G. O. Saw to me. Euphyllopoda ol7 3 iiiiilf's iiixi I fj'iimlts friiin a siniftll fri'tliw .iti-r lakf, arul i» ii utmim undiT the ice at l)i^(•l>vl•rv liiiv, I'asi fitlc of I01l«'»iii<'r«' i^laiul fl. 10.')). KxTKALIMir.Vl. Dfrtrilllll riDN In rincnlaiiil it lias lii-t'ii rci'iinli-il froni u iiiinilur of lucalitii-i I'scf Stt'jilifri- Hi'ii, l!M7) nil the north atiii wr it eoa^t*, Iroiii I'olnris l)a\ (almiit lal. 82" X.) in north to I'ndirikshaal' (alpoi t lat. t'>2° M' X.) in ^itith. It has not yet Ixt" found on the i-a^t coast of ( ir<'fiilan>l, nor on Inlaiul and SpilslitTHfti. It is otherwise known from I :>,>iaiid and Kola |ii in>ula, Kinniar! . Kjolcn and the Dovri' hioiliitains, etc., ii Srandinavia (Sar^, IHttCi, l.iilidlilad. Ittll l.'ii: Kol- Rnjiw ishmd 'ZvkotT. IKO.')); Novaja Zcinlia i l.illjrliorii, IH77'; and in Arctic Siberia iMtwrcn loiminnlc lIMf and I.JO" K. iSars, IH07; lischcr. IM.'ili: Hiring ishmd I i.illji I'ory,, \HHl). Auat^cha Lay lalioiit lat. t>i)^ X.;. Kiinchatk.i iDaday tic I)6cs. P.tllli; .•mil rrihilof islands, ml ;"ti'.l on t.oth St. < icorur and St. Paul islands fr.iin 1S72 to Htlti (spnitncns in r.S.X..M.): and in lakes on Ilohcn Tatras (("arpalhlaiisi at an I'lcvatioii of about l.d.'id rni'trt'S (iXidny d<' I)<5es, 18!M); a niah- ai'd a frinalc (aliout \\ cm. loan) arc in Miil. .Mils. Xiit. Hi.st., I.i'tldoli (Xoi'lnali ( 'ollcctioli). Its ciciiirr'iicc on tlic |)ovic ;md Kj6icii .\Iollat;lill^ iat aliout 2,")tH) feet iliv.ition I and t 'arpathiaMs. and perhaps also at White Horse ' must lie explained as ({laii.d, ''n lict-forins" c iiitiiininu their exisleme in lakes at an elevation oi not less than about 'i.lHMt feet. The other recolds (exceptiiui the iiiic from -Montrc.in prove its complete circumpolar dislribiltioti and indicate its .-outhcril limit on the lowlaiidw. riKLD Notes and Dfmcriptiox of M.merial Murdoch's specimens from the vicinity of I'oint Harrow measured from 1 to 2 cm. (exclusive of tlie cerco|)ods), and were thus all mature males and females, which one would expect judKinK from the month (July) in which they were secured. The specimens from Collinson point, .lune '_''2, 1014, measure from one to six mm., and include one naujilius (or rather transition sta^e between the naiipliiis and nietanaui)lius stane). 1 J mm. lonj;. it (|uite corresponds with the '■metanaui)lius" described by .'sars ( ISiltl, p. rt.i, Tab. \T1I. (iji. 1.j). It is thus a little older than the nauplii (stafje 1) I secure! m June 17, H)l(>. nt Chantry island (sec p. 20). It is characterized by the lack <>l .ateral eyes, by the foliacrous legs (half a dozen pairs) and tail (abdomen) beiuK only little developed.' and by the enormous second pair of antennae, labrum and mandibiilar-iialp, the -incipal locomotory-ortjans. We m.'iy sup])ose it to be about a week old (stapt A). Then there were half ii dozen metanauplii ^ -tane 111) from Ii to 2 mm. long, aiul corresponding to Sars' fig. Hi on T:.b \'I1I, and described by him, p. 54. Lateral, composite eyes are now pn-' nt. the foliaccous legs are better developed, showinn S-'J distinct pairs well dcvei'ipcd anteriorly, and decreasitiK behind while the tlirce last paiiS can be seen in a rudimentary state under the cuticula. The tail (abdomen) is less clum.sy, and more elongate than in the preceding; stage, and ends in two small, three-jointed, liairy cercoiiods. The labrum is still very large, but the second pair of antennae and tlu mandibuhvr- pftlp are not nearly so large in proportion to the rest of the body as in the pre- ceding stage. Various features of the youngest of the larvae show, however, that it is a little older than the one figured by Sars (189*3), ii'id thus represent a stage between his figp. Hi nn:\ !7, on T;di VTII. Thus my s]^eoimen has the lateral, composite eyes better developed (set off); the second pair of antennae is not so long and 1 Klevation L',000 to 3.000 feet. * Al>donLeii cleft at tip, eiicti part emlinfE in 26549—2 spine, but im cen-oiMids to bt- ;*ocn yd. Ig o Canadion Arctic Expedition, 1913-191S hro'ifl and less hrmiclicd; tlio iniindilmlar-pali) is siniill.T. l.ut the nmxillao bettor' dovcloiMMl, as also tlir foliucc.us Icfjs. Tlio latter end in a l<.n>;, temporary swin.minu branch wl.ile the broader, respiratory part is as vet only develoi)ed as a -^hort lobe There is also a distinet sweliine of the last body-scKments, heriddniK the dewloinnent of the (jeuitalia: and the ab.loinen shows about ten, indistinct senni.'iits, of which the next to the hist is the narrowest, w nle in the Drecediim -taiies the tip of alMh)ineii is I he narrowest, another adult feature. The cercopods ar.' also l)ett(-r "set ofT" fr..ni the last abdominal se«inent than m S'lrs' MX'cinien The (icneral shapes of the abdomen i- cylmdneal, it is longer ill proportion aii.l mor.' .listinct from tlie body than in the larvae irom Norway. The olde-^t ones of these (stajje HI) metanauplii Inim < ollinson iioint showed tiansituni forms to the next staji.. (IV), of which I seciiivd a dozen specimens from 2 to 4 iiiiii. lolii;. These have i)i;ictically the same ai>|)earanee 'IS Sars' lie 17 and are ih'scribed bv him, j). ."m. TIk' composite eyes, toliaceous iecs'imd ab(h.inen are better (h^veloped, the head more ^et olf from the body, but the -second pair of antennae and the mandibular-F)ali) still moir reduced. L-ibrum is still larf:<'. The oldest of them were traiisition-lorms to the next stajje (V) of which I secured a (h)Zeii si)eciinens from A to (i mm. hmtJ. They corre- Rixmd fairlv well with the o mm. lonfj; s))ecinicns figured by Sars on Tab. \ I, fifis. .'■) G and describ.'d bv him p. .")•'>, so-ne of my specimens belonumf? to this stap" (V) bein-r a little yoiiii(j<'r, some of the same a«e, and some a little ohhr than the Norwegian specimens. ..,.,. , , n i i i In the oldest larv.ae the eleven pairs of lohaceoiis le^s ' are well .lev.'loped •ind distinct though none of them reach the length of the second pair ol antennae. The latter are now a little more than one fouith of the total liMinlh ol the larva, while' with niv stage III thev arc about one-third the total leiijrth. l.abrum is ere.atlv reduced (less th.aii the IcuKth of the head, while on stajie II it is doul)le the h^nijth of the hea.l) but even the --'nd maxillae well (h'velopcd. Ihe tai (abdomen) is now lonfj (about half th.' total h'linth), and sh.nder cylindrical with the cercopods- almost lanceolat.' in shape, as with th.^ adults. With other words, .■xcel.t for the -ind pair of antennae :ind the less development ol he genitalia these ohh'st larvae (stage V) are i.ractically as the adults, and probably two wc'ks old In colour all these ('ollinson jioint larvae had orange-rees: (•onsincuous red-orange brown granidcs '^ in labrum. black-metallic eyes and the cuticula white-vellow with darker inouth-i)arts. , , i The pond in which these lininrhiiKcIo larvae occurred was a beach pond at Collin-^oii point. The larv.a.' were not found in such parts ot the i)ond wh.-re the vegetation igrass, mosses, etc.) was prominent; but iil.aces wlieiv the .side and botl(mi of the ih.oI was coinpos.Ml of mu.l-detritus and decaying pieces ol driftwood wvre swarming with th.m. Here the larvae le.l a true pelagic lite, unlike the adults Oee hit.rl. keeping away both from the surtace ami the bott(.m of thi' pond. Thi' voungest larvae f iiau|.lil-inetanauplii> especially were very active being propeli.'d (piicklv bv vh.h'iit .trok.'s of the enormous second pair of ■mtcnnae while I he old i,i;iii.i. .-.("•'i'.^ ,i. V. i. .pi"! :-i'i- aiinvt--. 'Til.' 'iiiiilillc >l>iiM'> in wliii'li llii'M' ''nil ;'r'' I'-nC'i' 'l'^'" ""I' ''"' y'liW' -li'ges, • Kxiri'tiiry ^lrBall^.' ■ j B i 1 1 I i i"— W Euphyllnpnda G 19 with thoso is mainly prodiicfd In- the foliaocous Iprs and less I)v tlic second pair of antennae, while the development of the lonK tail (abdomen) enai)les them to make smUh-n twists and jerks, like the adults. The ahove notes on the habits of the larvae were made partly bv observing them in the jxind, and partly by keepinu them alive in a nhiss with water. I kept them for a month, liut durinfj; that period they did not attain tiie size of those left in the pond, i)robably beeause they did not have the same foorl supply as in their natural surroundinKs. Thus more larvae were eolleeted in the same pond on .July lO-H, 1!»14; they now measured from about .') lo 10 mm. in lenRth, and there were none younger than my stage V, deseribed on p. ."i.'J. I kept ten of them, and it eould now be deeided, that the three larftest of these were females and the rest males. The former had a short ovisac, the latter small claspers (second pair of antennae). There were still a great number of larvae in the pond: and they seemed to i)e thriving well, in spite of the faet that parts of the pond were completely drie base of th<' ovisac to the middh" of the series ol foliaceous legs. Kggs in uterus ripe, l-o mm. in diameter of a red-brown cohmr. Ovisac and intestine ])a!er: unrii)e eggs in ovi.sac as a rose .streak on both sides cf the ripe ones. There was some variation in the distribution and intensity of these purple and violet colours among the 21 females I secured liere. but the dark-puri)le, streak on the dor.sal side of the intestine is particularly constant and very characteristic of the mature female of this si)t>ci(>s (^see i). 2'X). In si'vera! of the pond- on Her-chcl i-=huid I secured on August l.'M I. 1911, four matun> males (2^ cm.) and three mature females (2\ cm.) of Branch imcla paludusa. the i)iggest s])ecimens of this species I saw during the expedition. 2tJ54'»— ;} 20 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-191S These animals were vorv shy and alert when I tried to catch them, and the ponds they occurred in "were pretty deep in places, though the fairy-shrimps seemed to prefer the shallower marginal water of the ponds, where the vegetation was most luxurious. The males were bigger, but less agile than the females, which of course had ripe eggs in the ovisac: in colour both sexes were as those described above from Martin point. In text figure 4d is shown an outline of the male genitalia; seen from the side. , , ,o mw The Branchinida palndosa collected at >oung j)omt on July 18. UtH). measured from 10 to 13 mm. in length. Five of these were male and time females. The latter ones were the smallest, but had a few ripe eggs in the ovisac, while the males had big claspers. In colour, etc. they were the same as the many specimens of corresponding sizes (age) secured at Bernard harbour, farther east, in HU.") and 1010 (see below). . At Bernard harbour, on June 17, 1010. just hatched nauplu and metanauplu of DrnnchiiKcta jmhiiJoi^"'tanaui|l.. ( U mm. long) corresponding to S.ir.s' figure 10 ' Tlie inner one of the^* gpeciiiiens. ■S^HrB' "spiki'-ljriftlcs.' , wliiili Sars IS%> siiy The oldest enris- (11 i)f these latter in the ilividi'il "t.rush," i^ ver\ ii;i same way liftir.ot in niy Euphyllopoda showed transition to tlic higjicst nictanauplii (".'■ 21 g21 jurod — — - ■■■F-f," „....«, _ -2 mm.). f)f which I .spcuroa that (hiy about two dozen specimens, and whicii had nine to eleven i)airs of foliaceous legs, thus tieing practical... the .sinie stage as Sars' hp. 17 (Tab. VIII). Fig. 4. HritnrhtiK lia paludona ((). K. Muellpr!. .\11 about x .50. exippt f-f (clxHit \ 1(K)\ 8idc-vie.v of head of male. 20 miTi. limR. Martin point, .Vlaska, July. 1014. " " Ronilalia, mall', 20 iniii. Inni;. Martin point, .Maska. .luly, 1014. Second antenna of feniuli', 19 nun. lonR. Martin poirt, .Alaska, .July. 1014. Oenitalia (half) of male. 2S mm. lone, llerscliel L'b.nd, V.T., .August, 1014. Side-view of naupliuM, 5 mm. lontj. f'hantry i.iland. N'.\\ .'!'., June 17, 1010. Abdonjinal-dorsal view of sanie larva as r. 2n*i antenna ol male. 7 mm. long. Bernard barbour, .\ .W .'I'.. ,luly 10. lOItl. Ovisae of female, mm. lunK (ventral view). Place, etc. as f/. Ovi.sac of female, mm. lone Cventral view*. Hernard harlKtur, X.W.T , ,Iul>' 10, lOlfl, ;. '. Front-view of male, l.'i mm. long •20549—3^ Hernard harbour, N.W. T , .Vuijust 4. iyi-"i. Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 22 f- .... .. Th.... larva, from Chantry i«lf "^ wer. ora.«.- Uh.; };^;^^^Si.r abovJ he mouth purts heinR most *'*'-'>"'^ > 7'''\'"k^; ,V L>m uUvo for about a tnZ\l ii^->^^-V-V'^^:;l-^'^^'^\^^'^n, L.7lulr being ..olh-.ted, thoy month (H.'ani.K No. 12<0 an.l o • uiu 2 . tl m ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^,^^. ^^^,. ^,,, .,, wen- all in the motanauphus s an. . an^^l Vuni 17 Three (lavs later their average ;.. bi,K.-st ..n.'s (se.- above) -' •;♦•; X;'*^ ,' v.-n from 4 to '.. nun. lonR: the lenRth was 5 nun.; an. two / ^"^^ 'l ' ,'^^, ' *„ „,:v1 ure femal.-, with an ov.sac b, largest on.- .•..uUl n..w b.- ';.'•'"<''' ''^^^"te of gr..wth ..f tlu- yom.R.-r staK.-> mm lonE These observations sh.)W tn. nut oi K j ,^,. „ne.iual ,.mphasize.l nnt'inn.y laborat..ry h rbou on August 10. l»l-/^";,\\-,f;f iJ'^h. tth- f water < H.-aring No. '.4K tent until th.- f.-Uowmg ^^^nng • , '" >» ,^-„,, ,„„„tl,s (Sep .-mb.-r The water with tlu- .-ggs -.a'^, "V "h . it awed ..v.t in the beginning of • um- to Mav inclusive); nev.-rth.- ess wh n t aw , v„f„rtuiiately 1 .li"<'^1><'»^1'"?,^" ;''',' i.robabl.- that th.- hatching .>f !sIE-,t £±.""':£ ^;£^^>'^ .■«• ■• '-^ ' - - spe«'inu-ns (fr..m \>'^ f "'%t ' he Htter. owing to its pos.tu.n ='»< -^ ^^'^"'"^ srill.iw i)on.l, probably is that tin '•»";., J" , ,^^^^\ nion- compUteh. matun- mal.-s an.l had big . lasp. rs, line eggs in the ovisac. ,■,,,„ ,r,..re ^neclmeiis in th.- same- iiracKisn ' Sr davs later 1 c.U.-.^te.l .-.ghte -n "['^P' ;.',",,, ^^^u.-s, th.- rest lemales. 1 Vl.ev liu-asured from 7 t.> b) mm.. ukI n% » j -^^i^, .lev.-loped (set- i:,rtt ftm " o'te <7 mm.) ha.l th.- ---'P:|;[.;.'; ::"';! mm., both of these Ui tm 1""" .,,,,1 no -.iicns of external genitalia, aaoiii.' ^^j^^j. S^uKhaS ir\::"t.:Nl.-velop...l uis b-xt ig^^^^^ 3s (14-b^ mm.) ha.l th.- '^<"'''!'"1 P'"^ '' V,!"" mn.) had the second pair T 1 ,it Of tlu- females the eight smallest (^"7 ""' ' ^^^.^^,,,. without any ^"^^'^h.- wat.-r h..le with brackish -^ter near U. beach we J^ot^^^^^ examined July 14, 19Ui, c.mta.n.d be.i.l. > manv thiphyllapodn cr of lirciichiuccki piiluilosii feeding upon tlicm, twenty-six of which wiTc sccMrcd, iiichidiiip' scvcntfcn niiilt's. The three snmlles inah's (12 nun.) h;ui sht)rter elaspers ami less developeil genitalia than the the larger ones ( 14-l(> inni.), in wiiich the .•'iiteniiae sometimes females the five smallest ones the four ethers ( 1 1-1 o mm.) had S-12 nim.i reached a length of 4 nun. Of the had .small ovi.sacs witiiout >'iiK!<. while tne loiir ctiiers i i i-io mm. i Had i>i)j ovisacs with ripe cftRs, Si)rinK came consideralily earlier in 1!M(J than ii; I'.tl.") at Mernard harhour. and this had an important influence on the first .'ippearance of insects on the ground and in freshwater, as well as upon the fairy-shrimps; thoujih it has already Ixen emphasized (p. 22), that all the jionds in one (lefiiiite locality do not melt at the same time or rate; and thus t!ie average size of fairy-shrimps in one j)ond ina>- he >maller or iartjer than that of those in jinother pond. It is therefore ])erliaps not so suri)risin)j:. th.'it tliou>:h I looked for them lioth at the end of .June and the heninninn of .luly, llll.">, I did not find any iiefore the middle of the last month, wlien 1 secured ;{2 inunature specimens in the lirackish pond repeatedly referred to, on .July lo. They measured from (> to U mm., and half a dozen of them were males (elaspers very small), the rest females, with short ovi.sac without any eggs. The youngest of them (."Mi nmi.) mijiht even he called metauauplii, still having the second pair of antennae large. They were either swimming around in their typical way with the aid of their foliaeeous legs, letting themselves drift, with the ventral side ui>wards in the wind-current near tlie surface, or "browsing"' in the mud bottom anrl algae in the pond. It will be seen from above, that at about this time the succeeding year the fairy- shrimps were considerably larger, even in the same pond. Other immature individuals of the same size were observed to be c;,mmon in other, larger, ponds inland at Bernard harbour the same day (.luly 1.'), 101")). Four days later the fairy-shrimps in the same brackish pond had attained a length of 7-11 mm., and 1 kept eleven of them. Three of these were males (10-11 mm.) with small elaspers, the rest females (7-10 mm.) with short ovi.sac without any eggs. On August 4, 1915, I again examined the same brackish pond. It still con- tained a number of fairy-shrimps, now about 1.") mm. long. I .secureil '.W of these which all proved to be mature females, except one young male of the sam<' length. The latter had tinly short elaspers (see text figure 4/) and the genitalia little developed, thus considerably less advanced than the males from ,Iuly 14, 19U) (see above), not to speak of the males secured on August 10, 191.") (see j). 24). We may, therefore, suppose that the eg;.: from which it came hatched unusually late, though its size does not indicate it. It seemed as if all the other male fairy- shrimps in the pond now (August 4) had died off; and even the females we're found less in the water it.self than along tlie margin of the pond, often washed uj) here, wriggling around in the mud; and when placed in the water they seemed very sluggish. The rap'd evjiporation of the shallow part of the pond at this time of the year tias probaljly "stranded" them on land; and from their (females) present development and habits I suppose it is about time for them to die out, in this pond at least, after having deposited their eggs, most of the males appar- ently having died already. Perhaps the brackish nature of tiie water in this pond has .something to do with the fact that their life thus seems to be shorter than in other ponds (see below); I tried to keep .some of them alive. t>ut they died very soon after. Their brilliant colours have already been described for specimens secured at Martin point the preceding year (p. 19). These from BcrnartI harbour differed somewhat from the Alaskan s|)ecimens. having the dark purple colour only as the characteristic, broad, dorsal stripe. On the other hand the main colour is more blue, particularly the outer half of the foliaeeous legs and the top of the head, though not the tail (abilomeu). The mouth parts including labrum were red-brown, and the part of the ovarium at the base of the ovisac red-i)tirple; intestine yellow-green. The mature males from Bernard -r;^Vl:'« 24 a Cnnndinn Arctic ErpeiHlioii, WIS ,91 S harbour wore uuifornilv pale orariRe, without any of tlie hluc or purple colours of the otluT sex. Four (lays later, August 10, 1915, I examined a very large pond or small lake inland at Bernard harbour. It has already been described (p. 8), under Lepidurus arctinis. which also occurred in the same lake, and it has been men- tioned there how much the fairy-shrimjjs were appreciated as food by the other Phyllopods. The former were particularly found in the sheltered, iSlant-filled, shallow bijjhts of the lake, where they were swimminR brisklv around, dodging away with great alertness, when I trietl to catch them. Fourteen were .secured (11-15 mm.), five of which were males. The former had very big claspers, well- developed genitalia, and were of a uniform |)ale brown colour, with intestine (food particles) orange, and the head bluish dorsally. Their colours were thus more like the males from August 4, 1915 (see above) than like the males from Martin point (p. 19). The females all had ripe light brown eggs in the ovisac and unripe, white eggs in the ovarium. In colour they had the same brilliant coloration as given above (August 4, 1915); but there was quite a variety in its intensity in the various females. Thus some of them had even the second pair of antennae, the dorsal side of the foliaceous legs and the back between these, besides the dorsal sid. .>f the body-trunk violet-brown (thus with similar colours to those of the females from Martin point (p. 19); while other females had the colours of those from August 4, 1915. The variation in colour of these females from August 10, 1915, is mainly given by the different extension and intensity of the purple (violet-brown) and deep blue pigmentation. The decided difference in colour between the males and females of this species has probably something to do with the l.sser size, but gre;:ter numbers of the latter compared with the form(>r ones; and perhaps also with the fact that the males seem to di(! off earlier in the fall than the females; and theref' ■ it is of importance to the latter ones to attract the attention of the males in 1 •- to get their eggs fertilized. 1 kept several of these fairy-shrimps from August 10. 1915, alive, b\it in the course of a week they ali died. I kept, however, some of the eggs ;dl during the winter and three of them hatched next June (see p. '22). On August 23, 1915, I secured 20 more fairy-shrimi)s of this species in a shallow pond situated on the north facing slope of a ridge at Bernard harbour, thus a place where the power of the sun to dry up the pond was somewhat curtaileil. Five of these were males and had big eljispers, and the rest were females with rijie eggs in the ovisac. In all the length was from 12 to 15 mm. 1 tlid not observe this species at Bernard harbour later in that vear; and as the winter set in early (middle of September) it is po.>isible they did not hist long. Nor did I observe them at Bernard harbour in the fall of 1914, .m-l at that time in 19 10 v.e had left the Arctic. Otiikr Material Rae"s specimens from Cape Krusenstern, east of Bernard harlxiur ' ('see p. Iti), recorded by Baird (1852), almost certainly lielong to this species, as believed by Packard (1883 p. 337). It is extremely imi)robable that they could belong to the new species of Arlemio/ms, seeing that it is very rare, found only in (me pond at Bernard harbour during two years' stay, and does not seem to occur in ponds on the coastal lowland where Rae travelled, but only in certain elevated ponds inland. The fairy-shrimps secured by the "Neptune" Expedition (see p. 10), were collected "in freshwater ponds, formed of melted snow, in the barrens at Ful- lerton," on the west side of Hudson bay (about lat. 03° N.). They were identified afi Rrnnr.hinccta paludosahy Prof. G. O. Sars and h.ave been mentioned by Halkett (1905, p. 107). ' Not rape Krusenstern, .Alaska, as given by Murdoch (ISSo.i. 4 Euphi/'jpodd ,, 2.) Sp«'cimons from this collection in the old I"ish.ri.-s Museum n Ottawa were dried up wlieji I found them. I)ut tliev show the characteristics of the species. There are al)out a dozen of them, and Ixtth sexes are represented- they seem to have been about one centimeter long, when collected. ' The slender terminal joint of the claspers (second antennae) of the males IS much louRer, more curved, but les.s taixTinn (more like li. r„h,milni:. Pearse) Irom a pond at Point St. Charles, near ^b)ntreal, P Q given on p. 10, IS certainly m..bi e.xtraonlinary. Prof. A. Willev. who sent the speci- mens, mtorms me that the sjiecies has not ije.n ob.served there since Tliev 'ire mature individuals, about 2 cm. long, the two females having rii)e eggs in the ovisac. 1 hey were collected in a p(,iul cut off from the river, in Mav-June about 20 years ago, by E. Ar\viiiiiiiii K iiistriiiiH-iit is discanlid. Apparently l)ofh sixes occur there in ecpial ^unl^>er^, the males attainiiiK the larRest size. As the simmer passes their tmmtuTs tierreasi', and their size .seems to depend upon the length of time the ponds they occur in carry any water. 1 have exanniied a iriv;i\ riumher of sf)ecim( ri- of this specie- from (ireen- land and arctic Ku'.i^iii, found in the mu-eunis in London and Scandinavia. Genus ARTEMIOPSIS >ars. .\rtemiopsis stefanssoni. ArUniiuiJ.sis SUfaimsoin Johanse.n, iPreliminarv diagnosis 'u\ Ctinddiiin Fidil- Xatinvlist, vol. .\xxv, No. 2, p. 2!», issued June 22. 1!»21). This species was secured in one of the three large tundra pond.- -ituated at atiout !()(» leet elevation on one of the gravel ridges near the coast of Hernard harbour, south of our winter house. I collected a numlier of nniture males and lemales here, on ( »ctot)er (i. H)l.">, 1-y cutting a hole in the ice of the i)ond. I MM ATT UK ST.\(iKS On July ;i, Knti.I secured, in the same pond, f(,urteen larvae presumahly of the .same speeies. measuring from two to three mm. in length. Thev were intlie nietamiuplnis and i)ost-nuntanauplius stage, the youngest of them having large second pair of antennae, and the abdomen (tail) not fullv developed, though both the paired eyes, and 10 to 1 1 pjiirs of foliaceous legs were present. In the largest specnnens the second pair of antennae were comparatively shorter, .and ail the nine joints of the tail (abdomen) to be seen. As even the mature specnnens of the genus can hardly be distinguished from the genus liranrhinectn except in the sexual diaracters, it foHows, that the larvae are practically of the same appearance as li. paliidosn of corresponding age, so I do not find it necessary to figure them. From li. /mludo.'^a of the same size thev are distinguisherl bv having more of tin; adult characters (foliaceous ',^'s developed, second pair of .antennae shorter, etc. ). The tail (ab«lomen) even when it ha.s all its nine segments IS shorter and more solid-clumsy than tapering, with the cercopods (each of which ends in a long spine) less differentiated, as described under the adults. rii»y were found in numbers among the stones covered bv detritus-mud and vegetation in the shallow bights of the pond, showing up bV their pink or pale rose colour. They were rather sluggish in behaviour and fairlV easv to catch -J'ol'"'';'!'^ 'l?}\'y ^"''''■' ''■''"■'> '"♦''•■ th"t day C.i.m ]).m.) had a temperature of o5° I. (Air o()° I'., clear and warm). linnichincctn iniliidoxn was not observed in these three jxjnds (th.)Ugh both Upuluru.s arcticuK and other Entomostraca were common there (see |) 8) .luring our stay at l^ernard harbour. At this time of the year li. pnludosn at this locality had already reached such a size (1-1 J cm.) that'the two se.xes could oecasily separated, thus five times the length of the ArUmiopKis larvae. When It IS further remembere irom 7 lO 10 mm., and m spite of their small size they were fullv mature, and con'inuallv copulating with the females. They had the eleven pii'irs of foliaceous egs, and ^■itpfii/lloitoda tti 27 fairv-.iliriini)s and i.ic.r.. i>, .1, '■"•"< r -'t llicir lm>r than m ..t icr .>iM'ci...s „f Via. i. ■>lul,.. 7 10 „,,„. i„ng, , oij.p,,, Hcrnanl Imrhour. X.W.T, .lr/(mi../)»i"s stiJatw.Kiini (Jdhnnseni Ocichprf.. 1915. Ab.iut xoO. 'I. Dorsal viow of head. ( laspers rro^scil r. Von^ral " hl^^lf /^i;; J "'"'""""" ^■'"' "•"' "' '"'"— ''^''^ -'I "'^^1,1,:.. i„.|i,.a,...l. ' ■ tip of tail labdomenj 280 CiinwHiin Arctic Hrpcilition. IDI.i-UnH muniwhiit M|uarc in -Iimjh', .'iml rouvcx in fnnit, in tht- niied as larnf siekie-shaped ela.slHTS, ri'rnindiiiK one >tronttly of the maiidililes nf certain insrct-hirvae ( Dytiscida'j. Their l(ase.> are confluent, iiiiiliiin into the lahruin (see below > ami more sh-nder than at the level of the composite eyes, where the basal joint is enormously swollen (to (jive room for the powerful nuisch's) and end.s inwartlly in u broad and flat iiart, somewhat triautfular in -hape and ending in a blunt point, well shown in the dorsal view. The terminal joint of the daspers resembles a broad and flat tish hook, riiiminu out into a blunt and slightly curved terminus, and with a widening occupied i>y two hook.s a little more than half way down. Kach dasper is roughlv spino.se on the whole of the terminal joint, except for the proximal half v( the central thickest part. At the base of the terminal joint of each clasper is a small hooked spine, on the inner side. Tho head is without frontal process uidcs.s a -nail, heart-shaped appendix, made up of two halves, situated' between the bat..s of the two claspcrs, ventrally, can be considered as such ' ilig. jc) The labrum is broadly spatulate, rounded at its free posterior j-nd. Hehind it are seen the mandibles and two i)airs of maxillae. The two first ab(h>minal segments of both sexes are fused together and much swollen, owing to the development of the genitalia. The ventrally protruding part of the hitter has in the mah- somewhat the shape of the "sac" of the Cirriped, Sncniliini, parasitic ui)oii the tail of crabs. With the fairy-shrimp this ".sac" is .somewhat r lender at its ba.se, and occui>ied by the two coiled penes, their swollen bases show iig a graiudated spiny chitinous and yellow surface (fig. .")d). The free eniis of the t wo penes each form a coil somewhat resembling a snail-shell with a tew- loose turns; the si)ine in whiche.'ich one ends isw A-hiitiijin is ai>parenMy only pro- truded iicca-ioiiaily, in the actual moment of copulation. The length of the abdomen is a little less than that of the budy u'xchuling the iitad), and has no doisai processes above th(; genitalia. The feniahs (see texi. tig. 0) are a litth' larger i»-ll mni.i than the males, mainly cau.Md by an elongation of the alxhunen. The head (fig. tin, c) is more p unded oblong "than in the male, and of cour.se smaller, owing to the little deveopmeiit of the sicond |>air of antemiae. The first pair of antennae seems comparatively shorter than in the mah-, while the second i)air is only a little longer tiian the conqhjsite eyes, and of the shai>e usual with female fairy-shrimi)s. The nauplius-eye, adlusive organ and mouth parts- are of course a» with th(| male, as also the body with its foliaeeous legs. Th<' first and the last pairs of the latter are shown in fig. oh and d. They are similar to those oi .1. buiiijn (Uaday de Dees, 1910. fig. 17). in ihe female .1. stcfan.ixoni the last body segment and the two succeeding abdominal segments are each produced laterally dig. (W)i into a llap-iirocess (import- ant for coi)ulation-purpose), very similar to the two .similar ones found on the same part of the \) ody in the female Kubrancliipii.^ gdulHs i Hay). They are.^ howeviT, not lanceo\ate-triai;gular as in K. ijdit'jis. but more spoon-shai)ed. The ovisac I hg. t)(i) is very large and oval, its transversal diamet(;r being longer thati the lo;igitudinal. On its ventral side are seen two broad folds in the wall of the ovisac probafily suijportlng the latter in its movements. These females, secured vn October U, i'Jfo, had -i great number of ri])e, red-brown eggs tilling the whole middle i)art of the ovisac, the unripe part of the ovarium showing u|) as two smaller masses above the ripe egggs. The abdomen is about the same length as the 'boU\ , uwiug to the great dcvclupmcnl of the jvisac. ' It id probulily a remnant of the "kiilnoy-ubrum," so largely developed in ttie nuuplius and iiiolan- auplius stages of f- 'ry-^lirinips l*P p. 17). , ,, ,., ., ■ , ., , .i . .i = There f ..is In l>e no "appendk" to the labrum (.kidney reinnanl ) as with the mule; that the latter has it is tlie only lase among fairy-^liriiiips 1 know of. ■M fuphiillupotia G 2;> It Hill thus !„• j...,.||, thiif 111,. i,.mal<' is fjiUdus, haviJiK, how.v.T, Diif mor.- al.l.miip <■«••<«>«; but th.- male, is .nsily .liMtii,Ki„-,|„..| (r-mithat ot tn.iital oritnn i pio.-cs:-,, aiui tli.. duit.. .lilTi il not tinlik.. that of KuUramhiim.', il .st'Kiiiciit and tlin«. dorjMil pro- Ihc latt.r hy th.j lack of >""K.I. .1. sl,}au..o,u ... .lis„„„„Hh...| l.y the Krt.at;.r tran;v..;".*:iia„.Xr t nun. itiiiE. f .ityiH-.. lirniani ii^irhour, .N .H .T. I i(?. 0. Artemiopsis xtffnnHxinn i\r.k-^j\^n\ 1 pp.:,!- s-l ULtoi.ur (j, laii. .M,.,utx5(t. '>■ Dorsal vie^y of liea.1. Moutl.-parts in,lical,.,| c Vpntr«l .' ''^■'7<--reK''>n- Xott. the three nap., c. Ventral __ head. Mouth-parts imlirafcd ovisac and abdomen. Xotc the opening and »-all-sup|wrts of the former. iW 30o Cniuiilinn Arrlir Kjri>etlitii>n. l9li-IHItl I IhdT, p. i'X} iiritsiiwil (liMTiptiiin ' arc lijififil upon DailayV ti<>ii iiihotit tin- IciiKtIi of till- r*(V(ii laxt alxlotiiiiml *icklc-nlia|M'(l, nnnl.v oii«> luHik iliraiidn al>out lialfway ilowii the tcrniinal joint, whih' the -mall hook-Hpiiic on the iniicrside of ther terminal joint is situated aWout half way Iwtween the larue honk mentioned aliove and the proximal end of the terminal joint, and not at the l>:ise of the latter, as in .1. xlifiDi.ssinu . The lilunt point < n the inner- ••idi' of the >woneli lirst joint of the claspers also seems to I.e more in the shape of a spiny protulxrance in .1. Iniiniii than in .1. .ylifiinssoi,..^ The length of A. Ininijn is (liven for the male. H-12 mm., and for the feinah', 7-H', mm.. Iiut from Daday's (inure (fin. l"i it would ap|Mar that the ovisac of the'females seeiireil has ni>t reached its full development, so this sex prohahly reachc-' at Last the same size as the male, judiiinx from .1. slifniiMSditi I see p. •Jli, •JM. I have nut liecn alile to consult Sars' of .1. hiiiiiin; so all my references to it hen and finurcs (I'.tlO, p. i72-7.")i. I am inihlited to I'rof. A. S. Tcarse, of Wisconsin rnivcrsity, for telling me that these mature fairy-shrimps from Hernard-harhour represent a new species of ArtiHiKipsi.t. after hi' had I'xamincd a sample of the specimens sent him, Mv detailctl measurements of the size extremes of hoth sexes follow lalcohol- speeimens). Male, 7 mm. : chispcrs, '2 mm,; head (without A2), 1 mm.: Renitalin, J mm, broad and 1 mm. lonj?: ahdimicn 1 including nenituliu and cercopods), 2 mm. The -ame measurements for male 10 mm. lonjt: '2\ mm.; 1 J mm.; J hy IJ mm.: 2', mm. Female, H mm.: Head. I mm,; second pair of antennae, J mm.; ovisac, 1', mm. lon^ hy 2', mm. hroad; alxhimen, 25 mm. The same measure- ments for femah', 11 mm. hmg, were: IJ mm.; 1 mm.; 2 hy 3 mm.; 3 mm. The shortness of the ahdomen (tail) is thus a characteristic feature for both .sexes, conii)are(l with other fairy-shrimi)s. In colour the males were paler than the females, the former heinjE whitish- yeUow with darker (vellow-hrown) claspers ami foliaceous lejjs, head, etc. The females had much hr'iKhtcr colours, l.eintt oranne-red-hrown, especially the head, foliaceous h'Ks and ttie dorsal side; while the tail and ovisac (uterus) is i)ale transj)arent. with the e){gs coloured olive-lirown. Hoth sexes have the lahrum of a strong oranRi'-rose colour. BlCtLt iV When found they were, as mentioned ahove, in lively . ulation though there weri' oiilv a couple of inches of water U!\der the seven inches of thick ice. The females seemed to be a little more luimcrous than the males, so the latter had a busy time attaching themselves by the aid of their daspwrs to the dorsal lateral jmiccsses of the femah'S (above the ovisac), thus resting on the back of the females. When in copula, the males assist in swimming, though the chief mt)vemeiit is t-tTected bv the female. By keeping stmi. of them in a glass of water, I observed that "the males would not sv.im around aU)ne for any length of tinie, but would ((uickly "attach" one of the "idle" fi-males in the way just describcil. During the .swimming the females turn the ovisac fnmi side to side, so as to l)athe its eggs in the water, in thi' .sam<' way as I have observed in E libra II In pus (jilidiis (Camidiati Fhld-Satuialint. Vi'brntiTy, 1021, p. 28); there being, about one second between the turning of the ovi.sac from left to right, and vice versa. The animals lived in c.intivity for a few days only and then died; though I kei)t their eggs until next summer they did not hatch (Kearing No, y»j. ' The ppiluntlcs lit the ((niiiKi) $tffan9sont. ul.'^i s<', M'. I...) that I. /„o,,;,, „.,.m. t,> t,.. an inhal.itant of v.rv triKi.l r.uio m ,, m.r Hols'lmja Haraiu.ha. ha.l a t..m,».rafMrr ol onlv II' |{,.a.,n,r Tl • t.-m,„.ratur.. of th,. wat.T at tl th.r pla.rs wIht- it wa. fo„,„l .NV Sil.,.n. , i^lan.ls mouth ol I...„a rivr, rtr.) ar.. not Kiv..„, l.,;t .„„ f th. .,,!i, .'" t neon for .1. .sl,fnns..o,u kut,. ,„ this rrport. WV mav thrrrlor,., prrln s Ant.c Arcln,...|aKo. hr trmiHTaturr of th. uat.r iu thr pon.l I.., tl ■? lot .!....,, wh..r,. I ,oll....,...| i, on OHoImt ti. I-.m:.. at M,.n.ar.l harl s an.l raim.;.' '" '""'• '''"'" ""' """ "■"'l-r"»"n' wa.. .T T. . |.:m p,,,.; .har T|u; sp,.n.s is nani.d in honour of th<. (•oninian.j.r of thr Cani-lian \.-,.fi,. Kxp,..ht>on, Mr. \. StHansson. Typ.-lo.-alitv: I'on.l at H.t . ..r);.. r Norhw..s, |..rr,ton..s. (N.,.,|...r r., |.„:, .n.al.'.s an.l f..nKal..s, j .] • i < i .; tanaupln). Many sp,.,.ini..ns. V. .lohans... .•oil. Ca.aloKU.. \. I iti ' i i ', 1002, \i.-tona M..|n..rial Mu>..uni, ( )ttaua, ( ana.la. ' ' SlllHinIrr CclX. MORTHACA. \r,.ti' 'l!'.' "':t ."''■''•'■^■'' •!">' l'»'yll"I>'> th.ii u.ll "known .■x;....l- .p..ra.lu- or(-urn.n,... wh..r.. th..y ar.. tounl: an.l ..v.-n .•.,nj....tur...l ■ rUa-ahst. MCil. p. SS,, that thi> sul.onl..r s.-.-nis to 1... abs..nt I - .'('KDns.- I r......iv..,l. how,.v..r, a L.tfr from 1)-. (■hanf..v .lu.lav of l..-t..,l l.v I \I ."'■'^'■'".'^'"•/•■";»« ""• that Lnnnwiu, I, ',l>rul<,ns' I., was col- K. .1 l.v .1. M. J,.ssup ,n \[ay-.luly, l-.H l-l on th.. .-oasial i,l.,in in ;: • S,;'sH? "''^'";' '"', '{T •"' ^- \tr ''•'• '-'-^'""^ ♦" ^."-•1---;;'" .>.im. x.ar at 01,l ( row rn-.-r. Al...ska: an.l Lunccii.s tl.nnn,!,.^ hrnrfnnn;,. in l..rritor>. 1 h..si. latfr r,.cor.ls fn.rn th.- xtl.ar.-ti.. ,,arts .,f this ..ontin,.nt •./. gu ■» m my s,.„,. p„„„|a,. arti.-l.- „uo„.,l al.ov... Th..' r,.pr..s..nt tl... t irs r .. .."r 1, int.nstmK. hat both ..t th.- sp..i.„.s ar.. Kurasian forms, hitl...rto not f,„m.l in Anu-nra; nnl..ss ,as Sars thinks, A. /,../„../„.,. is ,h.. san...sp,.,.i..sV,s ,„rcn,a S";:,;:;h:.;:: Sri;:;::;.'- '"■"'■"'"'■- '"•■ -••■ - '■ -"^'"' ^ ^ ■" * '--J^^ It thus scorns as if L. l.nUculans just ..nters th,. Am..ri..an Vr.tic lu-rh-ins ....ly west of Mark..nzi,. D,.Ita, whcr.. th,- lin,.s of isutl...rn ' as well K'n run much arth.-r n.,rth than is th.- tas.- in ..asfrn Cana.la Th.. s eck." w^s onginally- .l..sc.r,l,e.l hy I.inmrus fn.m Finlan.l: an.l is. aceonhnK , Sr found - I'-"' .^1 .Hi'jmii\ la ;tinl L-..iilrai hurop.-. ' The B.bl.uBraphy giv.n bel„» i, ti.eref. re li,„i,.,| to Xo.ustra, a a.,,1 Ano^.raoa "lll'c'tOil till mm 32 G Canadian Arctic Erpeditiun, 1913-1918 C'ONCI.VSION Thoro is. pcTliapp, no other (jroup of freshwater invertebrates which yields so easilv new facts and interestinp biolonical features as the ("rustaP(>ii; not onlv in the Arctic, but {if^nerally. Their seemingly erratic and sporadic occur- rence; the influence of the various seasons of the year upon their life-cycles; the sudden "blooming forth" of certain forms in tremendous numbers in the spring and earlv summer, and their disappearance as suddenly in the fall; these and other points have long made these freshwater-invertebrates particularly fascinating for study. It will be seen from the i)receding i)ages, that the Phyllopods occurring in the Arctic present as interesting, biological features as these from farther south, though for certain species our information is as yet incomplete. For anybody who spends a whole vear in the Arctic there should also be something inspirmg in the fact, so easilv'ascertained. that the rich life in bodies of fresh water, not to speak of the seaj coutiniies all the year round, in spite of a low temperature and of manv feet of ice covering them; and that each spring and summer invari- ably brings there also that exuberant vigor and fullness of life which is the characteristic of all living beings under favoural)le natural conditions. IMtawa, Canada, April, 1922. Eiiiihi/lhipoila (; 33 BlHI.IOCIUAl'HV or AMKUICAN ARCllC Kfl'ilVI.I.OIV (DA ^'"""'J-^ '•''•':' ^'°""K"I''' '.''" 'V f"f"''>" Apodidar, ft.-,; Monograph .,f tl„- u.nnW Uraiuh- jpodidar, elc. iProc. Zddl, Soc. I,<,ndon). ^"^'v"'! y^^Vl''' u^^'.'' '■•'"""""'"■aia der "Daninark'-Expcditicii (Mpddil. mi, (Vooiiland Vol. 45) (Kjoebeidmvio. Dahi,, K. lltir. iStudicr OK Forsiig over Orret OS Omtvand. Kristi.inia. 'lahlc*;) Dai>ay DE D^:es, E 1890. limnchijms paludosvs O. I'. Mueller in der unRarispl.e laima fTennes- zctraji fuezetek, vol. 13). 1910. Monogr system, des Phyllopodes Anostraces (Annales des Seien. Natur Zooloeie .>erie !•, \ol. 11, Fans'. ^ ' Dyi.owski n. lS(iO. Beitr. ziir rhyllfpodenfaiina der Inipn. Rerlins, el,.. \,,.l, f \a,,ir- geseti., \ol. 2o, Berlmi. hveii.-ika Vet. Acad. Handl. Bd. l>s, Afd. IV, No. 11, Stoekhohm I'.jOo Die Phyllonoden Cladoceren un,l fr.ileb. Copep.Klm der norcl-swe^- Grube, a. E. 1853. Beniirk. ueb. die PhylloiKxlen, ele., (Archiv f. Naturgi-^eh , 19 Jahrg). GCKRNK, J. DF. et RiCH.VRD, J. 1SS9. Siir la faune des e.iux dou.rs du Groeiilaud. 'Conipt.g Kendus hebdom. des seanees de !'a<:id. des Seicneis, Paris, Tom. 108: IIalkett, a. 1905. A Naturalist in the Frozen North lOllmni \nliirnlifl Vol IX' 1906. Keport of the Canadian Fisheries Museum tysth Annual Rep. of tiie Dept. of Marmeand I'lshenes, Ottawa, App. No. 14'i. Hansen, H. J. 1887. Crustneea ("Dijmi)hna"-Eskpedit. zoolop. og botan. rdbvtte, Kioeben- navn.) ' Habebbosch, p. 1916. Teh r arktiseke Susswass, r-eiustaceeii iZoolog Aiizeig 47 Bd Leipzig;. 1920. Die Susswasser Entomosiraken Groidands I'Zeitsehr. f Hvilmlogie Bd I) Herbst, J F. \V. 1790-1804. V ersu.h .iner Nalurgeseh. der Krabben and Krebse. ' u.s.w., Bd. II, Berlin und Stralsund. JOHANSF.N F. 1911. Freshwater Life in Nortli-Kast (Ircdiland (Meddel. om Groenland. \dl. 45, Kbhvn). ,J'^-\: '''"', j-^rB'"'" I'reshw.ater Cnista.ca of Canada and AIa..-ka. Ill: Euphvllopoda. {Canadian Ficld-Snhirali.sl, \ ol. XXXV). i - i 1921. Insect life on the western aretie eoast of Aiiieri.a iHep. Can. .\ret. i:\i>e■«../ .i;iri(;.'(, r,w.'). IKDI.-'Vl WD ( 1 rXnl'lIi'llA. li.v II I'. I'- / I'arl 1- MVUIl(>lll^, Uv C. M .1 .■.■m ! r:i-. i'lM>TO/«>ANS. KVC. I'liit A: (.I.K.IK HAl.TV. illiilui- I.UM il.ri LllillVTit.'l'l.'tc ul -.V.i-lrl, inri) I'iui B; !•(> .N ( i'; VKI'.V. I'.y U.ilnli \ . ( IluiiI.. . ./ \..., mh. I'art 1.' IllUrUI.MiA. I'.v.l. I'. M. .; F.I,. Part I): ( il'.Pm 111 ; \ . I'.\ llalpii \ . I !;: n,l.-i iir Pan 1.; .\< AN TIIDCI.PIIAM \. P.y 1 ! . ,1. \ ah i l.-a\ - Part 1 Part C sl;MArii!)\ N. \ i: ( I P. ( I'art .1: ( K >H I )l.\< I . \. Part K: M \1I;IMIM. '|i- ■ii{iN..\!'i!iA 'wr- ( i.-ioKA, liy V. i: 1; '1 1 i!iu;i.! \i{i.\. I'.y .\. n..--n Pan I. .-P()ll('Zli \'. > ■h:i.Tiilii'rUn 1 '.\. \ . .Mavoi ;A. \-\ ,1, \. ' ii-li!iian !i:ini 4. /".'/I. .Inn' •5», (''.'"I. ..( .i.r.ri; r, mm. 1 I ni' .Uin'h'H I. hi pri inllii'liin I. /-■ I B. t:i2<>} VOM MK X: PI-ANKTOX. II V :»K. I'> I- *\- I' Part <■: TlliAl. OU.^i'.liN A TiD.NS Part I); IIVDKOCKAPIIV M:-;ri.'i - r.x \\ i!.-'i ii-iu- tl.i.ilnr I. I ••-'"•. hi /».■■ iiiinit'ii' I. VOLIMK XI: (iKOLOiii AMI «;i;o(;itAPa V A: Till-; (iKoi-Oiiv <'i' Tni: Pari li: MAP PK.MN.-l llv AUCTIf < I'A-r !• (I Nrii; CWAI'A. WK-'l .NI) (.Kdt.liAI'llK .\1- MiTi; ;r THi. ki;nt li: /»(■» iiili'ilt'- I- '-. M.l .lollh K. I ii<. VOM :5IK Xli: LtIK OK THK ( OI'I'FIl KSKIMOS Till Mil; I'l' riii; (ii'Pi.u i:sKiMii- l-J inUiiri, t.\ lO-'S). VOIAMJ-; XIII: PIIVSH Al. < llAKArTKUiSTMS AM) TK( IIN.H.OI.V OK TIIK iuiSTKKX AM» » KXTKVL ESKIMOS Pan A: Till'; PlIVSlCM.c HAUAfl'l Hl>iTi-i>l ITIi; 1 !.-it;i; .\ \ ! I I ,'i;u i-,.-Ki\ii>.». Hv 1), .lean Part li: ( )S 1 Kl )I.l tl. V Dl" I H 1 ; Wt— i Part C: Ti;( 11 .Sul.l )( i ^ ol lili; i ^ l.ltX .\Ni) iPNTltAI. I^KIMii.- By .1 PIT.R 1;-K1V<» l!. il,.r-ii>..ii: Im I 'aiin'roti- Uin.hjfiiri- , / u '/. pri ,!■. ■d.) VOM .MK. XIV: KSiiiUO KOLK-l-OiU; AM» LAX Zir. nij.iA, AM> I i>Ki i.N.V ril'N I 1 I.!-, liv I). liii.iiyS.ir ,,.. Part IJ: ( O.MPAKAITVi; (.liAM.MAK ANDVm AHILAin' Ml lili; 1— i\IMi) 111 V-I.i;i <>i' P'li.N r h.vuudw. 1 Hv IJ.Jcnnivss . Hi'; MAi Ki;\xii; i)i;i lA. and i uku.n.vtpin i.ii.i hi ■ i'^ir.it^nii : VOLUME XV: ESKIMO STKIXli KKil RES AND SO\(iS Pari A: ;riUN(; vv r".i;.- oi I'iii; i>KiMi>^. Part 15: .-^ONCS DP i; cDiT'i;!; k.-ki.mh- liv D. .Irni.i- ,,■■: II. K. Hi mil, III 111 1>. .).• VOLl ME XVI: AK( IIA!:01,0(; V l-ONTUIIirTIONS Ti) TlIK AlU TI AKi >I. >' . 1 ii- wi.srKUN .vui in' A\i!;iU'A. Ill, \ii: iiri iiitn-li. i :-J«' ''NUfcJI