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 HISTORY 
 
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 OF TBI 
 
 CITY Of KINGSTON 
 
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 W. Geo. draper, Esq., M. A., 
 
 Zaw Leetoreir ftt (tnem's Colbge, 
 
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HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF KINGSTON, 
 
 BY 
 
 W. Geo. draper, Esq., M. A., 
 
 Law Lecturer at Queen's College^ 
 
 KINGSTON, C. W. 
 
 KINGSTON: 
 
 JAMES M. CREIOHTON, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER. 
 1862. 
 
Li' 
 
 TO 
 
 MAYOR OP THE CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 PERMIT ME, 
 
 WITH MUCH RESPECT, 
 
 TO DEDICATE THIS BROCHURE 
 
 ON THE 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON, 
 
 TO YOU, 
 ITS CHIEF MAGISTRATE. 
 
 TOCB* TBDIT, 
 
 W. GEO. DRAPER. 
 JiTXB, 1883. 
 
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 i 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 It is now nearly two hundred yenrs ngo since M. 
 Talon, the Intendnnt General of New France, ns it was 
 called, wrote lO Louis XIV., October, IfiTO. drawing His 
 Majesty's attention to the fact tliat the Beaver trndo of 
 Canada, then the principal trade of the country, was being 
 diverted from the French at Afontrcal, to the Kniilish at 
 Manatte, (Manhattan), (New York), and Oranjjro, (Albany), 
 and that the best plan for [)reventin<T this, and kccpinir the 
 trade entirely to the French, was to establish two posts, 
 one on the north and the other on the south side of ri:il<e 
 Ontario, and to build a small vessel in the shaj)e of a gilley 
 to move with sails and oars to trade from one to the other, 
 so as to intercept the Indiatis on route for tlie Knolish 
 settlements. The information then had of f^alce Ontario 
 and the surrounding country was excessively rncaf^re, for 
 but few white men had ever visited it. However, ii seems 
 that M. Talon's information was tolei'ahly cornet, as lu; re- 
 fers to the discoveries of Messrs. D'Olicr and (J:;linee, 
 Prie?ts of St. Sulpiee, Missionaries at Montreal, who had 
 travelled all over Lake Ontario and furnished him with a 
 map of their route. 
 
 The evil which M. Talon designed to ronnteract con- 
 tinuing to increase, M. de Courcelles, then Governor of 
 Canada, determined himself next year to visit Lrd^e On- 
 tario in person, to prove to the Iroquois that tiioy were not 
 out of his reach, and accordingly left Montreal for that 
 purpose on the 2nd June, 1671, and arrived at the mouth 
 of Lake Ontario,* which is described '' to aji|M\ir as an 
 open sea without bounds." The Governor did nothing 
 particular except to send messages to a few Missionaries 
 thcQ residing among the Indians; but the following re- 
 
 * Ontario means Great Lake, from Huron, lontare Lake ; and lo, great. 
 Parii documents, p. 88. 
 
6 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 mark in the memoir from which this information is ex- 
 tracted, proves that the place where he landed was the spot 
 now occupied by the City of Kingston. It is as f(jllows : — 
 " The Governor remarked at this plnce a stream, bordered 
 " by iiiie land, where there is sufficient water to float a 
 " hirge bark. I'his remark will be of use, perhaps, here- 
 " after." The writer hltle dreamed how much indeed. 
 
 The actufil establishment of a fort on the banks of tho 
 Catarnqui, did not in reaiitv, tak(i |)laee untl two years 
 subsequently, when the Count du Frontenac delerrnined to 
 take active measures to prevent the encroachments ot tho 
 Iroquois, by building a fort at the mouth of Lake Ontario, 
 It was on the 29th June, 1(573, that he K ft Montreal with 
 his expedition, and on the I'ith July, Hu'd, he arrived iH 
 his destination. Tho expedition was a vast one f<>r tiioso 
 days, consisting of no less than one hundred and twenty 
 canoes, two batteaux and 400 men. The following descrip- 
 tion of tho entrance of Count de Frontenac into the River 
 Ciitaraqui, may not be uninteresting here; it is exti'aeted 
 from a joui'nal of his voyage to Lake Ontario, and is as 
 fttllovss: — "12th, broke u]) cam)-) veiy early in ilie morn- 
 " ing, and having proceeded till 10 o'eloek, halted three 
 *' hours to eat and rest. On a|){)roaching the lirst opening 
 " of the Lake, the Count wished to proceed with more 
 " Older than had been aire dy done, ami in line ol battle 
 " lie accordingly arranged the whole fleet in this wise: — 
 
 " Four squadrons composing the vanguard, went in 
 " front and in one line. Th(; two batteaux followed next. 
 " After these came Count de Frontenac at the head of all 
 " the canoes, of his guards, of his stjifi'and of- the volun- 
 " teers attactied to his person ; having on his right the 
 " squadron irotn Tiiree Kivers, and on his left those of the 
 " Hurons and Algonquins. 
 
 " Two other squadrons formed a third line, and com- 
 " posed the rear guard. 
 
 " This order of sailing liad not been adhered to for 
 " more than half a league, when an Iroquois canoe was 
 " perceived coming with the Abbe D'Urfe, who having met 
 " ihe Indians above the River Katarakoui, 'Cataraqui) and 
 " having notified them of the Count's arrival, they were 
 " now advancing with the Captains of the Five Nations. 
 
CITY or KINGSTON. 
 
 L-e 
 
 *' They saluted the adrriral, and paid their respects to 
 " him witli cviduiiccof much joy atul coiifi'leiicc, tcslifving 
 " to liini the obligation tlicy were under to hiin I<jr sparing 
 " them tho trouble; of going further, and for receiving their 
 " suliinis.sionsattlie Kiver Katarakoni. which is a very suit- 
 •' able place to eanip, as ihey were about signifying to him. 
 
 '■ After Count Frontenac had replied to their civiliiies, 
 " they preceded him as guides, and concUicted him into a 
 " Bay about a cannon shot from the entrance, whic^h forms 
 ** one of the most beautiful and a,i>rcc!ablc harbors in the 
 ** world, capable of holding a hundred of the largest ships, 
 " wilh sufhcient water at the month and in the harbor, 
 " with a mud bottom, and so sheltered from every wind 
 
 that a cabl(! is scarcely necessary fi; 
 
 moor 
 On the 13th July, 1678, the fort wns commen 
 
 ced, 
 
 an( 
 
 on the 19th it wns finished, and I)e Frontenac left on the 
 27th for Montreal, having laid the foundation of the future 
 City of Kingston, 
 
 4'he news of Marquette & Joliet's discovery of the 
 Mississi|if)i in 167-Jf, created intense excitement in Canada, 
 espeeialiy as Joliet represented that '' a person coukl go 
 " from Foit Frontenac in Lake Ontario in a bark to the 
 " Gulf of Mexico, there being only onccarr^'ing place half 
 " a league in length where Lake Ontario communicates 
 " with Lake Erie." 
 
 Fired with a desire to emulate these adventurers, the 
 celebrated De La Salle petitioned Louis XIY., in 1674, for 
 a grant of Fort Frontenac, four leagues of country along 
 the border of Lake Frontenac, as it was then frecpiently 
 called the two Islands in front, and the inteijucent Islands. 
 
 The following is a copy ot his petition : — 
 
 " Memoir for the maintenance of Fort Frontenac. 
 
 " The proposer, aware of the importance to the Col- 
 ony of Cauiida of the establishment of Fort Frontenac, 
 of which he was some time in command, and desiring to 
 
 Note.— La Salle was under the impression nt one time that a road to 
 China might be discovered across the (. ontinent of America by means ot the 
 St. Lawrence, and the Groat Lakes which feed it. His preparations for tho 
 expedition were made about six or eight miles above Montreal, and the present 
 Viliagc of Lachiue was christened by that name by aomc wags in ridicule of 
 this notioQ. 
 
8 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 employ liis means and his life in the King's service, and 
 for tho niiginentiition of the country, offers to sui)port it 
 at his expt'iise, nnd to reimburse its cost on the following 
 
 conditions, to wit: 
 
 " That His Majesty be ])leased to grant in Seigniory 
 to the prop(jser the said Fort, lour leagues of country along 
 the bolder of Lake Frontenac, the two Islands in front 
 named Ganounkouesnot and Kaouenosgo,* and the inter- 
 jace;:t Ihlets, with the same rights and privileges obtained 
 hitherto by those who hold lands in the country in Seign- 
 iory, with the right of fishing in Lake Frontenac and the 
 adjoining Rivers, to facilitate the sujiport of the people of 
 said Fort, together with the cominand of said place and of 
 said Lake, under the orders and authority of Ilia Majesty's 
 Governor, Lieutenant General in the country; on which 
 condition the proposer will be bound : 
 
 " 1st. — To maintain the said Fort; to place it in a 
 better state of defence ; to keep a garrison there at least as 
 numerous as that of Montreal, and as many as fifteen to 
 twenty laborers during the two first years to clear a"':d till 
 the land ; to i)i'ovide it with necessary arms, artillery and 
 amnuuiiti()n, and that so long as the pro|)oser will command 
 there in llis M;ijestv's name, and until some other persons 
 bo anthoi'ized to settle above the Lf)no; Sault of the River 
 St. Lawrence, through which people pass to said Fort 
 wiihout being charged with similar expense, or to eon- 
 tribute to that which the [)roposer v/ill be obliged to incur 
 for the preservation of said Fort. 
 
 " 2nd. — To repay Count de Frontenac, His Majesty's 
 Governor and Lieutenant General in Canada, the expense 
 he incurred for the establishment of said Fort, amounting 
 to the sum of r2,000 to 13,000 livres, as proved by the 
 statements thereof prepared. 
 
 " 3rd. — To make grants of land to all those willing to 
 settle there in the maimer usual in the said country; to 
 allow them the trade (hi traite) when their settlements will 
 be in the condition required by the Edicts and Regulations 
 of the Sovereign Council of ^aid country. 
 
 " 4th. — To attract tliither the greatest number possible 
 of Indians ; to grant them land for villages and tillage ; to 
 
 * Probably Wolfe Island and Amherst Island. 
 
 J 
 
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 I 
 
CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 9 
 
 the 
 
 |ngto 
 
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 will 
 
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 sible 
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 U? them trades and to induce them to lead lives more 
 con >iraable to ours, as the proposer had begun to do with 
 some succeps when he commanded there. 
 
 *' 5th. — To build a church when there will be 100 
 persons; meanwhile to entertain one or two EecoUet 
 Friars to perform divine service, and administer the sacra- 
 ments there. 
 
 " 6th. — His Majesty accepting these proposals is very 
 humbly supplicated to grant to the proposer letters of 
 noblesse in consideration of the voyages and discoveries 
 which he made in the country at his expense during the 
 seven yeats he continually lived there, the services he 
 rendered in the country, and those he will continue to ren- 
 der ; and all the other letters necessary to serve him as 
 titles possessory to said Seignory." 
 
 In the succeeding year this petition was granted, and 
 a Decree to that eifect was issued by the King on the 13th 
 May, 1675, and a patent of Nobility issued to La Salle, 
 and Fort Frontenac with four leagues of the adjacent coun- 
 try was created a Seigniory of Canada, and La Salle its 
 first Seignior. 
 
 Below we give a copy of the Decree. 
 
 *' Decree accepting the proposals of Eobert 
 Cavalier de La Salle. 
 
 CoMPEiGNE, 13th May, 1675. 
 
 " The King having caused to be examined, in his 
 Council, the proposals made by Robert Cavalier Sr. De La 
 Salle, setting forth that if it should please His Majesty to 
 grant him, his heirs, successors and assigns, the Fort called 
 Frontenac, situate in New France, with four leagues of ad- 
 jacent country, the Islands named Ganounkouesnot and 
 Kaouenesgo, and the adjoining Islets, with the right of 
 hunting and fishing on said lands, and in the Lake called 
 Ontario or Frontenac, and circumjacent Rivers, the whole 
 by title of Fief, Seigniory and Justice, appeals from the 
 Judges of which will be to the Lieutenant General of Que- 
 bec, and the Government of said Fort Frontenac, and let- 
 ters of Noblesse, he would cause considerable property he 
 possesses in this Kingdom to be transported to the said 
 
 •I' 
 
 i 
 
w 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 country of New France, for the erection and establishment 
 there of settlements, which may in the lapse of time con- 
 tribute greatly to the augmentation of Colonies in said 
 country. Said De La Salle offers to reimburse the sum of 
 ten thousand livres, the amount expended for the construc- 
 tion of said Fort Frontenac, to keep in good order the said 
 Fort and the Garrison necessary for the defence thereof, 
 which cannot be less than that of the Fort of Montreal ; to 
 maintain twenty men during nine years for clearing the 
 land which shall be conceded to him ; and until he shall 
 have a church built, to keep a Priest or Friar to perform 
 divine service and administer the Sacraments ; which ex- 
 penses, &c., the said De La Salle will defray at his sole cost 
 and charges, until there be established above the Long 
 Sault called Garonouoy some individuals with similar 
 grants to that he demands, in which case those who will 
 nave obtained said grants shall be bound to contribute to 
 the said expenses in proportion to the lands which will be 
 granted to them, and having heard the report of Sieur Col- 
 bert, Councillor of the King in His Royal Council, and 
 Comptroller General of Finances, His Majesty in Council 
 has accepted and does accept the said De La Salle's offers, 
 hath in consequence granted to him the propriety of the 
 said Fort called Frontenac, and four leagues of adjacent 
 country, computing at two thousand toises* each league, 
 along the Lakes and Rivers above and below said Fort, 
 and half a league or one thousand toises inland ; the Islands 
 named Ganounkouesnot and Kaouenesgo, and the adjacent 
 Islands, with the right of hunting and fishing on said Lake 
 Ontario and circumjacent Rivers; the whole by title of 
 fief and in full Seigniory and Justice ; on condition, that 
 he cause to be conveyed immediately to Canada all the 
 eflects he possesses in this Kingdom, which cannot be less 
 than the sum of 10,000 livres in money or moveables; 
 that he produce a certificate from Count de Frontenac, His 
 Majesty's Lieutenant General in said country, reimburse 
 the sum of 10,000 livres expended in the construction of 
 said Fort ; put and maintain it in a good state of defence; 
 pay and support the Garrison necessary to defend it, which 
 18 to be equal at least to that of Montreal : likewise 
 
 * How much was a toise in 1676 ? 
 
CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 u 
 
 ». 
 
 maintain twenty men during two years to clear the land, 
 who shall not be otherwise employed during that time; 
 cause a church to be erected within the first six years of 
 his grant, and meanwhile to support a Priest or Friar for 
 the administration of the Sacraments ; also, induce the In- 
 dians to repair thither, give thetn settlements and form 
 Villages there in society with the French, to whom he 
 shall give part of said land to be cleared, all which shall 
 be cleared and improved within the time and space of 
 twenty years, to be corainited from the next, 1676, other- 
 wise His Majesty shall be at liberty, at the expiration of 
 said time, to dispose of the lands which will not have been 
 cleared or improved. His Majesty wills that appeals from 
 the Judges (to be appointed by the said De La Salle with 
 in the limits of the said country conceded by His Majesty), 
 be to the Lieutenant General of Quebec; and to that end 
 His Majesty wills that all donatory and concessionary let- 
 ters hereunto necessary, be issued to the said De La Salle, 
 together with those for the government of said Fort Fron- 
 tenac and letters of noblesse for him and his posterity." 
 
 From this document it will be perceived that Louis 
 XIV., laid great stress on the clearing of the lands, and the 
 settlement of the vicinity of Fort Frontenac, and from the 
 tenor of the following license to discover the western part 
 of New France, it may be gathered that considerable im- 
 provements had been made by La Salle between the years 
 1675 and 1678. Here follows the document in full : — 
 
 " Louis, by the Grace of God, King of France and Na- 
 varre ; to our dear and well-beloved Robert Cavalier Sieur 
 De La Salle, Greeting : — We have favorably received the 
 most humble petition presented to Us in your name, to per- 
 mit you to endeavor to discover the western part of New 
 France; and We have the more willingly assented to that 
 proposal, as there is nothing we have more at heart than the 
 discovery of that country, where there is a prospect of find- 
 ing a way to penetrate as far as Mexico, the success of 
 which, to our satisfaction and the advantage of Our sub- 
 jects in that country, We have every reason to expect from 
 the application you have exhibited in clearing the lands 
 We granted you by the Arret of our Council of the 13th 
 May, 1675, and letters patent of the same date, informing 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 settlements on said lands, and in placing Fort Frontenac, 
 whereof we have granted you the Seigniory and Government, 
 in a good state of defence. These and other causes Us mov- 
 ing hereunto, We have permitted, and by these presi^nts, 
 signed by Our hand, do permit you to labor in the discov- 
 ery of the western part of New France; and for the exe- 
 cution of this undertaking, to construct Forts in the places 
 you may think necessary, whereof We will that you enjoy 
 the same clauses and conditions as of Fort Frontenac ac- 
 cording and conformably to our said Letters patent of the 
 13th May, 1675, which we have, as far as necessary, con- 
 firmed, and by these presents do confirm. We will that 
 they be executed according to their form and tenor ; 
 oh condition, nevertheless, that you complete this enter- 
 prise within five years, in default whereof, these presents 
 shall be null and void ; and that you do not carry on any 
 trade with the savages called Outawacs, and others, who 
 carry their Beavers and other peltries to Montreal ; that 
 you perform the whole at your expense and that of your 
 associates, to whom we have granted as a privilege the 
 trade in Cibola skins. We Command Count de Frontenac, 
 Our Governor and Lieutenant General, and Sieur Duch- 
 esnau, Intendant of Justice, Police and Finance, and the 
 officers composing the Sovereign Council in said country 
 to aid in the execution of these presents : for such is our 
 pleasure. Given at St. Germain en Lave, the twelfth day 
 of May, 1678, and of our reign the 35th. 
 
 LOUIS, 
 COLBEET." 
 
 Immediately on receipt of this Commission, La Salle, 
 together with Father Hennepin and the Chevalier de 
 Tonti, a brave officer who had lost an arm in the Sicilian 
 Wars, (and after whom Amherst Island is to this day called 
 Isle of Tanti\ set sail from Rochelle on the 14th July, 
 1678, with tnirty men, and arrived at Quebec about two 
 months afterwards, and proceeded directly to Fort Fron- 
 tenac, and on the 18tli November of the same year, launch- 
 ed the first vessel that ever floated on the waters of On- 
 tario, and started immediately afterwards on that voyage 
 of discovery whir-h has made his name so famous in the 
 
 T 
 
ro 
 
 e 
 
 t 
 
 - 1 
 
 CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 18 
 
 world. With this, however, we have nothing to do. Our 
 limits are properly confined to the history of Kingston, 
 and La Salle and his adventures in discovering the Miss- 
 issippi, are matters of history not to be treated of here. It 
 is, however, material to state, that La Salle left the Sieur 
 de la Forest in charge of the Kort. During La Salle's voy- 
 ages, his discoveries created for him numerous enemies, 
 amongst others M. De La Barre, the successor of De Fron- 
 tenac in the Government ot Canada, who actually seques- 
 tered Fort Frontenac and took possession of it, pretending 
 amongst other things, that La SulJe had abandoned it. This 
 was in 1682. 
 
 In 1685, M. de Denonville was appointed Governor 
 of Canada, and on his arrival proceeded to Fort Frontenac 
 with abcut 2000 troops ; a vast force in those days, and 
 proving the importance attached to the maintenance of the 
 Fort even then. 
 
 Nothing of importance, however, occurred at Fronte- 
 nac until July, 1687, when the same Governor was guilty 
 of an act of treachery which not only reflected eternal dis- 
 grace upon his name, but was the cause of embroiling 
 Canada in a war with the Five Nation Indians. This was 
 no less an act than inviting the Indians of the tribes called 
 Ganneyouses* and Kentesf to the Fort to confer with 
 him, and then seizing about 40 or 50 men, and about 80 
 women and children, and sending them prisoners to Mon- 
 treal, whence they were forwarded to France. 
 
 In this year (1687\ Fort Frontenac was besieged for a 
 month by the Indians, out was not taken. Two years after- 
 wards tlie Fort was blown up and abandoned by the French, 
 who found it impossible to maintain the Fort at such 
 a distance from Montreal, and consequently ordered it to 
 be blown up. The Fort was then under the command of 
 Sie^r de Valrenne, and the order for its destruction was 
 
 fiven by M. de Denonville, much to the disgust of M. de 
 'rontenac, who succeeded him in the Government after 
 the destruction of the Fort. 
 
 There were, at this time, three barks on the Lake, 
 
 *Tbis tribe lived in the vicinity of Napanee, formerlj called Qanneiom. 
 tThe Bay of Quinte probably derived ita name from this tribe. 
 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 which were scuttled. Property to the extent of 20,000 
 crowns was left in the Fort. 
 
 The Fort was not rebuilt until August, 1695, when 
 M. De Krontenac caused it to be re-established, and sent 
 700 men there for the purpose. This work was vigorously 
 opposed by M. de Champigny, then Intendant, and the 
 following joint letter of his and De Frontenac's, as to the 
 utility or inutility of the Fort, is very curious. 
 
 " Memoir concebning Fort Oataracout. 
 
 "Reasons in stipport of its vsejul- 
 ness : 
 
 " In time of peace we shall be 
 able to carry on Trade there with 
 the Iroquois who hunt in the 
 neighborhood, by which means 
 we shall obtain peltries from 
 them ; and we shall be able to 
 establish a Smith who would be 
 also an Armorer there, to repair 
 their hatchets and arms, and ap- 
 ply these advantages to the relief 
 of the creditors of Mr. De La 
 Salle, formerly proprietor of this 
 post, to whom considerable sums 
 are due. 
 
 II. 
 
 " In time of war our Indian 
 Allies of the Far Country will 
 make it their retreat, and will ob- 
 tain their supplies there. 
 
 " Reasons showing its uadeaaness 
 and expense : 
 
 I. 
 
 " This trade will not be consid* 
 erable in time of peace, because 
 the Iroquois will, as much as pos- 
 sible, carry his peltries to the 
 English, who give him more for 
 them than the French. 
 " Observation. 
 
 " This trade in itself is in oppo- 
 sition to the principles on which 
 the Colony must be governed. 
 It is not proper to go to meet the 
 Beaver, and nothing is so strongly 
 forbidden by His Majesty's orders. 
 The Beaver Trade can be bene- 
 jScial only in so far as the Indians 
 will bring the article into the Col- 
 ony for the purpose of obtaining 
 their necessaries there in ex- 
 change. 
 
 " They must go thirty to forty 
 leagues out of their direct course 
 to pass this fort in proceeding 
 homeward from the enemy's ter- 
 ritory, and large parties cannpit 
 obtain provisions there because 
 there is too much difi&culty in 
 conveying any from Montreal 
 merely from the Garrison. 
 
 1 
 
 •I 
 
CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 16 
 
 III. 
 
 " It will serve as an entrepot 
 for provisions and stores necessary 
 for the expeditions to be organ- 
 ized, and as a place of retreat for 
 the French and Indians, either in 
 Koiig or returning, who will leave 
 the Colony to attack the Iroquois, 
 and for the reception of the sick 
 and wounded on coming back 
 from expeditions. 
 
 III. 
 
 " If provisions are to be sent to 
 this fort in advance, in order to 
 be available for a largo party, the 
 same force would l>e required to 
 go there as would bo necessary if 
 proceeding against the enemy, 
 otherwise there would be no se- 
 curity for the stores. There is no 
 more difficulty on leaving Mon- 
 treal, to go direct to the country 
 of the enemy who are on the 
 South, than to go to this Fort 
 which is at the North, Lake On- 
 tario being between the two. The 
 people who will go on this War 
 will easily carry their necessaries 
 for the campaign in the batteaux 
 and canoes, and the entrepot 
 which will be likewise the place 
 of the retreat, ought to be at the 
 point of debarkation, on the terri- 
 tory nearest the enemy, where it 
 is absolutely necessary to con- 
 struct a picket fort, which is the 
 work of one day, for the safety of 
 the batteaux, provisions and mu- 
 nitions during the overland march 
 to the enemy's villages. 
 
 " How can Cataracouy serve as 
 a retreat for the Indians and the 
 French, being fifty leagues distant 
 from the nearest of the enemy's 
 villages, and separated by a great 
 Lake which is almost always in 
 agitation? Besides it takes scarce- 
 ly more time and perhaps less to 
 go down to Montreal than to 
 cross to Fort Cataracouy, the 
 River being very rapid. 
 
 " It is well to consider also in 
 regard to the sick and wounded, 
 that this fort is very unhealthy, 
 eighty-seven men having died 
 there in one year out of the hun- 
 dred who composed the garrison. 
 Let us add to this that the army 
 which proceeds against the enemy 
 being able to carry only what will 
 
n 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 rv. 
 
 " It is a frontier post which 
 keeps the enemy in check ; many 
 detachments can be sent against 
 tbem from it." 
 
 be necessary for its voyage, it will 
 be re(iuisito to organise a second 
 from the Colony to this fort in 
 order to revictual it. This is ex- 
 posing the troops and settlers to 
 destruction from the extraordi- 
 nary fatigues of these voyages 
 duiing which they are almost 
 constantly in the water dragging 
 the batteaux and canoes. The 
 sowing and the harvest must also 
 be abandoned. 
 
 IV. 
 
 " It is indeed a frontier post 
 sixty leagues above Montreal, at 
 the head of a small bay adjoining 
 a swamp that poisons the garri- 
 son, without being on any River 
 or Lake or pass ; it can be of no 
 use except to protect itself, and 
 whatever is within gunshot, the 
 enemy being free to pass beyond 
 that without any impediment; for 
 it would be sheer deception to try 
 to persuade us that the garrison 
 would go in pursuit, as it is im- 
 possible for it to go into the 
 woods, and moreover imprudent 
 to send into them ; for though 
 there may appear but few of the 
 enemy, there might be a great 
 many of them ; and all things 
 well considered, it is a garrison of 
 fifty picked men who do nothing, 
 and are as it were in a prison 
 within four walls. 
 
 " The River thither is nothing 
 but rapids, falls and cascades, 
 which necessitates in many places 
 the conveyance of everything over 
 land. This renders the access to 
 this place extremely difficult, and 
 affords great facilities to the ene- 
 my to attack and destroy the de- 
 tachments which will be sent 
 thither, or else to take advantage 
 of their being on the march, to fall 
 on and devastate the Colony. 
 
 " If it has been re-esiablislied 
 
CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 IT 
 
 without inipodiimMit from tho on- 
 einy it is ht'oaust) lu' liiid no notice 
 of it, inul unless I'iOO to 1500 men 
 })<• sent llu.'iv every year, to revic- 
 tuiil it, it is impossible to be cer- 
 tain of reneliiiijrit, should tlus en- 
 emy he disposed to oiler ojx'n op- 
 position. 
 
 " How could it he possible to 
 send so large nnd even a smaller 
 detachment there, were news to 
 arrive of an Euulish ex[iedition 
 against the Colony. Our force is 
 already too nuich scattered in the 
 Indian country, Hudson's Bay, 
 the Fisheries and Fort Chanibly, 
 without causing t liis new diversion 
 which may leave the Colony al- 
 most unprotected. 
 
 " Besides, if we take into con- 
 sideration tlie heavy expenses to 
 be incurred for the support of that 
 post, which will l)e seen by the 
 statement annexed to this me- 
 moir, an infinite number of pow- 
 erful reasons will be found therein 
 to overturn entirely the design.s 
 which may be adduced in support 
 of it, as it is wiser to abandon it a 
 second time than to retain it and 
 endanger the loss of the (Jolony. 
 
 " This 6th November, 1G95. 
 
 Championy." 
 
 Monsieur de Cbampigny's remonstrances, however, 
 produced no effect on De Frontenac, for as said before, he 
 sent in 1695, 700 men to re-establish the Fort, wh'ch hav- 
 ing accomplished, they returned to Montreal, leaving a 
 garrison of 48 soldiers there, and subsequently in a letter 
 from M. de Pontchartrain, dated Versailles, 28th April, 
 1697, De Frontenac had the satisfaction of learning that 
 the King and His Minister approved of the steps he had 
 taken. 
 
 The expense of revictualling and re-establishing the 
 Fort, cost 12,000 livres, or between £600 and £700, a 
 large amount in those days. The exact locality of the Fort 
 I have been entirely unable to decide, but from the evi- 
 
18 
 
 HIHTOUV OF TIIK 
 
 deticc of a niiinubitripl juiblislu-d in 1838, undiT the diivc- 
 tion of tljo LiUTury iiiid Historiciul Society of Qiiciboc, 
 entitled " Mcinoircs Hur Iom alVairi'S dii Ciitiiida, Dopui.s 
 1741), Jusqu'ii, 17<)0," the iiuthor of which, howovcr, in 
 unknown, and from a plan eontuinod thoruiii, and 
 from the doscriptic^n given of the l^orL in the tnanuseript, 
 T believe it was situated not very far Ironi tlie present 
 Teto du pont liiirraeks, and I feel conlirnied m this 
 oiiinion fn)in the reeent disec^verics made in opening tho 
 Gr. T. Railway into the City. 'J'he following is a transla- 
 tion of the description given at page 115 of the manu- 
 script: — "Fort Frontenac was built by the Count of tho 
 " same name, then (iovernor General of Canada, to restrain 
 *' the Five Nations. It was situated (tt the bottom of a Bay 
 " which a little river (lowing into Lake Ontario forms, closo 
 " to the junction of Lake Ontario and the Kiver Saint Law- 
 " fence. It consisted of four stone curtains, 120 feet each, 
 *' defended by four square bastions. Tho walls were not 
 " yood, {fiiis was written of them in 1758), and were de- 
 " fended by neither ditches nor palissades. There was no 
 " terrace to sustain it on the inside. A wooden gallery 
 " was built all round for communicating from one bastion 
 " to another. The })latformsof these bastions were niount- 
 " ed on wooden piles, and the curtains were pierced for 
 " loop-holes." 
 
 From this period (1 095), until 1758, nothing of im 
 portance appears to have oceurretl at tho Fort beyond rou- 
 tine business, such as the transmission of troops, ammu- 
 nition and goods, and an occasional powwow with the In- 
 dians. 
 
 In this year (1758), the Commandant at l^)rt F'ronte- 
 nac was a Monsieur Payau De Noyan, a gentlenum of Nor- 
 mandy, and King's Lieutenant for Three Rivers. This 
 command, which was much beneath his rank, had been 
 given to enable him to arrange his business alTairs, which 
 were in very bad order, lie was an old man, but brave 
 as a lion. 
 
 Having been warned that the English wcreccyicoting 
 .^orces at Fort Burll for the purpose of attacking Fort Fron- 
 tenac, he repeatedly warned M. De Vaudreuil, then Gov. 
 G^iUeral, of their intention, and asked for reinforcements. 
 
CITV 01' KINGSTON. 
 
 19 
 
 tl 
 
 To thcso npplirntioiia M. Do Vaudreuil piiid little heed. In- 
 
 tlfctl, it irt relate! I, 'liat on receipt of his lust \ir^eut letter 
 lor Miiecotir, til'' ^loveriior ^leiu'ral shnii,'<^a'(l hia Hhoulders 
 and said, " rpi 'd lall"it quo eet oniciereut peiir." The ro- 
 sult proved the correetneps of [)e Noyati's waridngn, and 
 tlic I'nljy of I lie Ooveriior in iirgleutin}^ them, for on the 
 2r)tli Aii<:ust, ITos, (.'ol, Brailstret't a|ij)eared before Kort 
 Frontenae, ami in throe days M. Do Noyan surrendered ae 
 prisoner of war, and the iMiglish first possessed the site of 
 the [)res('nt City • f Kingston. 
 
 However, the ohjeet then was to destroy the Fort, not 
 to keep it, so after taking all the booty, which was not in- 
 considerable, ns till" magazines wens f'nll ot provisions, mu- 
 niti(jns o( war, and all the in('rc!handiz(! destined to lurnish 
 the posts al Niagara, Detroit, Fort Duquesne and others. 
 Col. J^radstreet burned down the Fort and the vessels, and 
 left with his tro(;ps before the reinforcements had even left 
 Montreal. 
 
 In ihe fall of this year, hovcvcr, a small detachment 
 of troops and Canadians, under the command of the Che- 
 valier nenoit, was sent to Frontenae parllj' to protect mer- 
 chandize and ammunition passing up and down, and 
 partly to rebuild the lM)rt, and subsequently the Sieur do 
 Crcssc, an Assistant Engineer with Capt. Laforce, a sailor, 
 w^ere sent tlierc to construct two new schooners, to endea- 
 vor to fnaintain the supremacy oi the Lakes, as also to 
 furnish Fori Niagara more easily, 
 
 This was the hist act which the Fruich did here, ex- 
 cept to evacuate it, which was done the next year, imme- 
 diately after the capture of Fort Niagara, which took place 
 24th July, 1750. The capture of Quebec, wdiich follow- 
 ed on the 14th September, in the same year, efiiectually 
 settled all French interference with the Fort. We may, 
 therefore, date from this year its change of masters, al- 
 though it was not actually settled till long after by the 
 English. 
 
'/ 
 
 I 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 HISTORY OP THE 
 
 Postcript from a letter from M. Doreil to Marshal Belle Isle, 
 {Department De la Guerre, Paris). 
 
 Dated Quebec, 31st August, 1758. 
 Postcript dated 1st Sept., 1758. 
 
 " News from Montreal of the 29th, informs us that 
 the English force which proceeded to Lake Ontario with 
 cannon, rendezvoused at the Bay of Bombeaouare {^Stc 
 Niaoure), and sent a vanguard of 2,700 men against Fron- 
 tenac, a miserable bi'coque, having a garrison of only 50 
 men. It is our entrepot ot provisions and goods for all the 
 upper country posts, which constitute the entire resource 
 of Canada. It is the key of Lake Ontario, the port which 
 holds all our navy, consisting, in part, of the vessels taken 
 at Chouaguen, by M. De Montcalm, two years ago. The 
 enemy is no doubt master of it at present, whilst another 
 force is proceeding, perhaps, against Niagara, a very im- 
 portant post which has been skillfully fortified by a Cap- 
 tain belonging to the batallion of La Reine, but equally 
 bare with the other. All the upper country posts, of which 
 Fort Duquesnc forms a part, tall of themselves. We have 
 more than 2000 men scattered among them, and that ac- 
 celerates the total ruin of Canada, All the Canadians who 
 were beginning their harvest are put in motion to proceed 
 to that quarter, but they will certainly arrive too late : 
 the harvest will suflt'er, and the Marquis de Montcalm, who, 
 since the fall of Louisburgh, is menaced bv the strong 
 army in his front, will not be reinforced. What would it 
 be were he beaten and cut off? 'Tis impossible reason- 
 ably, to conceal the fact, that everything is to be feared, 
 and very little to be hoped. M. de Vaudreuil has remain- 
 ed in too great security in regard to the important post of 
 Frontenac, and he is the dupe of the over-confidence h6 
 has placed in the Indians, whose services he needs, but 
 they must always be treated with caution and distrust. 
 More foresight, activity and vigilance, are besides, neces- 
 sary, when one has to do with a powerful enemy who is 
 always superior in force and means. I tremble with fear 
 that we have not had the precaution nor time to burn the 
 
 * Sackett'8 Harbor. 
 
 -^ 
 
 t 
 
CITY OP KINGSTON. 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 sloops and batteaux which we had at Frontenac, and that 
 the enemy will profit by them to cut us off, absolutely, 
 from all access to Lake Ontario, whereby all our people 
 beyond it will be made prisoners It is no less to be fear- 
 ed that the Indians, who usunlly side with the strongest 
 or most fortunate, will all abandon us to range themselves 
 alongside the English. 
 
 3rd September. — My fears are too well founded, my 
 Lord ; the enemy is master of the Fort of PVontenac or 
 Cataracoui, since the 27th of August. No precaution was 
 taken with our navy. The Knglish, more careful than we, 
 have burnt it, with the exception of two 20 gun brigs, which 
 they have preserved the more effectually to exclude us 
 from Lake Ontario. 
 
 " The provisions and merchandize destined for sup- 
 plying all our posts in the Upper Countries, to which 
 Frontenac, bad as it was, served as an entrepot, are lost, 
 and what is still more vexatious is the loss of a consider- 
 able artillery. This principally con; isted of the cannon 
 taken from the enemy at Bradock's affiiir in 1755 and at 
 that of Chouaguen in 1756. There were at least eighty 
 pieces of cannon there. Everything is now to be feared for 
 Fort Niagara, which indeed is good, but as bare as 
 Frontenac." 
 
 " Conditions on which M. de Nbj/an, Knight of the Royal 
 and Military Order of St. Louis, King^s Lieutenant for 
 the Town of Three llivers, Commandant for the King 
 at Fort Frontenac, proposes to surrender it to His Bri- 
 tannic Majesty : 
 
 " 1. Sieur de Noyan promises to surrender Fort 
 Frontenac generally, with all its dependencies, to Col- 
 onel Bradstreet, Commandant of the Troops of England. 
 
 " 2. The officers and soldiers of the garrison and 
 others actually at this post, shall remain prisoners of war, 
 until an agreement be concluded for their exchange by 
 the Marquis de Montcalm and the English General. 
 
 "3. The sick and wounded shall be attended at the 
 expense of the King of Great Britain. 
 
 " 4. He shall guarantee against all insults on the 
 
.-"^ f ^tUSKSKOSi 
 
 -ka. 
 
 22 
 
 FITSrOHV OF THE 
 
 part of the English soldiors iiiul Indians, tlie oflTicers, sol- 
 diers and all other persons wluitsocver now actually in the 
 Fort. 
 
 " 5. The Colonel shall permit the ornaments and 
 sacred vessels of the Chapel to be removed in the baggage 
 of the Chaplain, and ^^ieur de Noyan promises to give up 
 faithfully all the munitions of war and provisions, and 
 generally all the goods and implements that are actually 
 in the magazines of said Fort. 
 
 " 6. Sieur de Noyan demands that there be furnished 
 him his soldiers and the rest of the persons with him in 
 the Fort, conveyances to transport their baggage and ne- 
 cessaries for the voyage." 
 
 " Frontenag, 27th August, 17.58. 
 
 " Colonel Broadstreet in consideration of the infirmi- 
 ties of M. de Noyan, Commandant of this Fort, permits 
 him to return to MontKeal, and to take four men ; the 
 same to Madame Duvivier, Mad;ime Barollon and the 
 other women belonging to this Fort, who are without men. 
 
 (Signed), Jn. Broadstreet and De Noyan. 
 
 " M. De Noyan engages to procure Colonel Schuyler 
 in exchange for himself, or some other person, slioujd it 
 happen that Mr. Schuyler has been already exchanged" 
 
 " After the capitulation was concluded, Col. Brad- 
 street permitted all the French in Fort Krontenac to de- 
 part for Montreal, in Canada, under the promise M. De 
 Noyan has given, to have a like number of persons and 
 ranks surrendered as soon as the same can be done, and 
 conveyed to Fort George. 
 
 Fort Frontenac, 27th August, 1758. 
 
 (Signed), De Noyan and John Bradstreet." 
 
 Bradstreet had 2,737 under his command, and started 
 from Fort L' raven about the 12th or 13th August. 
 
 Vide New York Colon ia.l Manuscripts, Vol. X., j)age 
 827. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
! 
 
 (UTV OF KlNGri'roM. 
 
 23 
 
 \ 
 
 LIST OF THE 
 
 Governors of Canada, 1612---1763. 
 
 
 Extracted from a table contained in Volume 9, of " Documents 
 relating to Colonial History of New Yorky 
 
 1, — Samuel de Champlain, 1612 ; died at Quebec on the 
 
 25th December, 1635. 
 2. — Marc Antoine de Brasdefer de Chasteaufort, 1635 ; 
 
 at first Commandant of Tliree Rivers. 
 3. — Chiis. Huault de Montmagny, 1636; Knight of Malta. 
 4. — Louis D'Ailleboust de Coulouge, 1648 ; Knight. 
 5. — Jean de Lauson, 1651. 
 
 6. — Charles de Lauson Charny, 1656 ; son of No. 5. 
 7. — Louis D'Ailleboust de Coulonge, 1657 ; died at Mon- 
 treal, 31st May, 1860. 
 8. — Pierre de Voyer Viscount D'Argenson, 1658. 
 9. — Pierre du Bois Viscount D'Avaugour, 16()1. 
 10.— Augustin de SafFray Mesy, Kt., 1663; died at Que- 
 bec, May 5th, 1665. 
 11. — Alexander de Prouville — Manjuis de Tracy, 1663 ; 
 
 Viceroy — arrived at Quebec, 1665. 
 12.- Daniel de Remy de Courcelle, Kt., 1665. 
 13. — Louis de Buade, Count de Paluan and de Froutenac, 
 
 1672. 
 14.— Lc Kebre de la Barre, 1682. 
 
 15. — Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville, 1685. 
 16. — De Frontenac, No. 13, 1689; died at Quebec, Nov. 
 
 28th, 1698. 
 17. — Louis Hector de Calliere, Kt., 1699 ; died at Quebec, 
 
 May 26, 1708. 
 18. — Phillippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, 1703 ; 
 
 died at Quebec, Oct. 10, 1725. 
 19. — Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longeuil, 1725 ; born 
 at Montreal, 1656 ; died at Montreal, June 8, 1729. 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON. 
 
 ! 
 
 20. — Charles, Marquis dc Beauharnois, 1726. 
 
 21. — Rolland Michel Barrin Count de la Galissoniere, 1747. 
 
 22. — Jacques Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de la Jouquiere, 
 
 1749. 
 23. — Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil, 1752 ; son 
 
 of No. 19, born at Moutreal, 1686, and died there 
 
 17th January, 1 755. 
 24. — Marquis Duquesne de Menneville, 1752. 
 25. — Pierre Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil Cavagnal, 
 
 1755 ; son of No. 18, born at Quebec, 1698. 
 
 
 m 
 
1747. 
 liere. 
 
 ; son 
 there 
 
 ignal, 
 
 A.PFENIDIX. 
 
 ♦«» 
 
 V M 
 
 # 
 
 An Ac' to incorporate the Toivn of Kingston under the name 
 of the Mai/or and Common Council of the Town of 
 Kingston. 
 
 [Passed, 6th March, 1838. 
 
 Style of Corporation — "Commonalty of the Town of 
 Kington." 
 
 First Election under above Act was held on the 27th: 
 day of March, 1838. First year of Her Majesty's Reign. 
 
 Thomas Kirkpatrick, Esq., was elected Mayor of the 
 Town of Kingston on Monday, the 2nd day of April, 1838. 
 
 Mr. Kirkpatrick having resigned in consequence of 
 his removal outside the limits of the Town, John S. Cart- 
 wright was unanimously elected on the lith day of Jan- 
 uarv, 1839. 
 
 Mr. Cartwright declined to accept the office. No 
 Mayor was elected for balance of year. 
 
 Henry Cassady, Esq., unanimously elected Mayor on 
 Monday, the 1st day of April, 1839. 
 
 James Sampson, Esq., unanimously elected Mayor, 
 12th Sept., 183*7, in the room of Henry Cassady, Esq., 
 who died on the 10th inst. 
 
 James Sampson, Esq., relected Mayor, Monday April 
 6, 1840. 
 
% 
 
 26 APPENDIX. 
 
 Jno. Counter, Esq., elected Mayor, Monday, April 5, 1841. 
 
 " " re-elected '' " " 4, 1842. 
 
 ,1 ,i a .« u u 3^ 1343^ 
 
 James Sampson, Esq., elected Mayor, Monday, April 
 1, 1844. 
 
 Thomas W. Eohison, Esq., Alderman, elected Mayor, 
 Augui^t 5, 1844, in the room oi James Sam))Son, Esq., re- 
 signed. 
 
 Tliomas AV. liobison, Esq., re-elected Mayor, April 
 12, 1845. 
 
 Dr. Hubert McLean, elected ]\Iayor, April 7, 1846. 
 
 a •( 
 
 " An Act to incorporate the Town of Kingston as a City" 
 
 [Passed May 18, 1846. 
 
 The above Ma^'ors were elected Ironi amongst the cit- 
 izens b}'- the Aldermen and Coancilmen. 
 
 Alderman John Counter, elected Mayor of the City 
 of Kingston, Jiuio lo, 1846. 
 
 Alderman Thomas Kirki)atrick, was elected Mayor of 
 the City oi Kingston, dan. 16, 1847. 
 
 Alderman William Ford, Jr., elected Mayor, Jany. 
 15, 1848. 
 
 Alderman Francis Manning Hill, elected Maj'or, Jan, 
 13, 1849. 
 
 Act\2 17c., Chap. 81, '■'■An Act to provide hy one general 
 law J or the erection of Municipal Corporations^ d'c. 
 
 [Passed, 1849. 
 
 Alderman John C(^unter elected Mayor of the City of 
 Kingston, January 21, 1850. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 27 
 
 leral 
 
 |849. 
 
 pyof 
 
 Alderman PVancis Manning Hill, elected Jany. 20, 1851. 
 " John Counter, " " 19, 1852. 
 
 " " " re-elected " 17, 1853. 
 
 Alderman John Flanigan, elected Mayor, Jan. 16, 1854. 
 ♦« John Counter, " '' " 15, 1855. 
 
 " " " resigned June 12, 1855. 
 
 Alderman Overton S. Gilderslecve, elected June 12, 1855. 
 " " re-elected Jan. 21, 1856. 
 
 Alderman George Davidson, elected Mayor, Jan. 19, 1857. 
 " John Flanigan, " '' " 18, 1858. 
 
 The above ^Mayors were elected from the Aldermen 
 by the Aldermen and Councillors. 
 
 I any. 
 Jan. 
 
 ^^ An Act respecting the Mwncipal Institutions of Upper 
 Canada^ Asisented to IQtIi August, 1858. Came into 
 force 1st Dec, 1858. 
 
 Mayors of Cities, under above Act, to be chosen by 
 the electors ot Cities. 
 
 Orlando Sampson Strange, elected on the 6th day of 
 January, 1859. 
 
 Orlando Sampson Strange, re-elected Dec. 19, 1859. 
 No opposition. 
 
 Overtou Smith Gildersleeve, elected December, 1860. 
 " " " " " 1861. 
 
 For the above information the writer is indebted to 
 the kindness of M. Flanagan, Esq., the City Clerk. 
 
ifh! 
 
 28 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 INDIj^N Nj^MES. 
 
 ♦ ■» 
 
 hvtkv Nahb. 
 
 Present Nahs. 
 
 FuNOH Nam*. 
 
 Oftoateheskiagon Whitby 
 
 Oanarsske Tren ton 
 
 OftDeious Napanee 
 
 Osnanoque Oananoque 
 
 Cataraqui Kingston Frontenao. 
 
 OtODdiata Grenadier Island, I 
 
 Leeds Co., C. W. ) 
 
 *Kente Quinte ) Quinte. 
 
 *Twentr leagues above Cataraqui ) 
 
 GonounkouesDot Wolfe Island 
 
 Kaouaneigo Amherst Islbod lale TontL 
 
 It I 
 
 '•'■I' 
 
 M 
 
f 
 
 }DtenM. 
 
 linte. 
 
 iefontL