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A., Law Lecturer at Queen's College^ KINGSTON, C. W. KINGSTON: JAMES M. CREIOHTON, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER. 1862. Li' TO MAYOR OP THE CITY OF KINGSTON. PERMIT ME, WITH MUCH RESPECT, TO DEDICATE THIS BROCHURE ON THE HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON, TO YOU, ITS CHIEF MAGISTRATE. TOCB* TBDIT, W. GEO. DRAPER. JiTXB, 1883. "7 Uu V (h t il. ■7 Uj if f i HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON. It is now nearly two hundred yenrs ngo since M. Talon, the Intendnnt General of New France, ns it was called, wrote lO Louis XIV., October, IfiTO. drawing His Majesty's attention to the fact tliat the Beaver trndo of Canada, then the principal trade of the country, was being diverted from the French at Afontrcal, to the Kniilish at Manatte, (Manhattan), (New York), and Oranjjro, (Albany), and that the best plan for [)reventin<T this, and kccpinir the trade entirely to the French, was to establish two posts, one on the north and the other on the south side of ri:il<e Ontario, and to build a small vessel in the shaj)e of a gilley to move with sails and oars to trade from one to the other, so as to intercept the Indiatis on route for tlie Knolish settlements. The information then had of f^alce Ontario and the surrounding country was excessively rncaf^re, for but few white men had ever visited it. However, ii seems that M. Talon's information was tolei'ahly cornet, as lu; re- fers to the discoveries of Messrs. D'Olicr and (J:;linee, Prie?ts of St. Sulpiee, Missionaries at Montreal, who had travelled all over Lake Ontario and furnished him with a map of their route. The evil which M. Talon designed to ronnteract con- tinuing to increase, M. de Courcelles, then Governor of Canada, determined himself next year to visit Lrd^e On- tario in person, to prove to the Iroquois that tiioy were not out of his reach, and accordingly left Montreal for that purpose on the 2nd June, 1671, and arrived at the mouth of Lake Ontario,* which is described '' to aji|M\ir as an open sea without bounds." The Governor did nothing particular except to send messages to a few Missionaries thcQ residing among the Indians; but the following re- * Ontario means Great Lake, from Huron, lontare Lake ; and lo, great. Parii documents, p. 88. 6 HISTORY OF THE mark in the memoir from which this information is ex- tracted, proves that the place where he landed was the spot now occupied by the City of Kingston. It is as f(jllows : — " The Governor remarked at this plnce a stream, bordered " by iiiie land, where there is sufficient water to float a " hirge bark. I'his remark will be of use, perhaps, here- " after." The writer hltle dreamed how much indeed. The actufil establishment of a fort on the banks of tho Catarnqui, did not in reaiitv, tak(i |)laee untl two years subsequently, when the Count du Frontenac delerrnined to take active measures to prevent the encroachments ot tho Iroquois, by building a fort at the mouth of Lake Ontario, It was on the 29th June, 1(573, that he K ft Montreal with his expedition, and on the I'ith July, Hu'd, he arrived iH his destination. Tho expedition was a vast one f<>r tiioso days, consisting of no less than one hundred and twenty canoes, two batteaux and 400 men. The following descrip- tion of tho entrance of Count de Frontenac into the River Ciitaraqui, may not be uninteresting here; it is exti'aeted from a joui'nal of his voyage to Lake Ontario, and is as fttllovss: — "12th, broke u]) cam)-) veiy early in ilie morn- " ing, and having proceeded till 10 o'eloek, halted three *' hours to eat and rest. On a|){)roaching the lirst opening " of the Lake, the Count wished to proceed with more " Older than had been aire dy done, ami in line ol battle " lie accordingly arranged the whole fleet in this wise: — " Four squadrons composing the vanguard, went in " front and in one line. Th(; two batteaux followed next. " After these came Count de Frontenac at the head of all " the canoes, of his guards, of his stjifi'and of- the volun- " teers attactied to his person ; having on his right the " squadron irotn Tiiree Kivers, and on his left those of the " Hurons and Algonquins. " Two other squadrons formed a third line, and com- " posed the rear guard. " This order of sailing liad not been adhered to for " more than half a league, when an Iroquois canoe was " perceived coming with the Abbe D'Urfe, who having met " ihe Indians above the River Katarakoui, 'Cataraqui) and " having notified them of the Count's arrival, they were " now advancing with the Captains of the Five Nations. CITY or KINGSTON. L-e *' They saluted the adrriral, and paid their respects to " him witli cviduiiccof much joy atul coiifi'leiicc, tcslifving " to liini the obligation tlicy were under to hiin I<jr sparing " them tho trouble; of going further, and for receiving their " suliinis.sionsattlie Kiver Katarakoni. which is a very suit- •' able place to eanip, as ihey were about signifying to him. '■ After Count Frontenac had replied to their civiliiies, " they preceded him as guides, and concUicted him into a " Bay about a cannon shot from the entrance, whic^h forms ** one of the most beautiful and a,i>rcc!ablc harbors in the ** world, capable of holding a hundred of the largest ships, " wilh sufhcient water at the month and in the harbor, " with a mud bottom, and so sheltered from every wind that a cabl(! is scarcely necessary fi; moor On the 13th July, 1678, the fort wns commen ced, an( on the 19th it wns finished, and I)e Frontenac left on the 27th for Montreal, having laid the foundation of the future City of Kingston, 4'he news of Marquette & Joliet's discovery of the Mississi|if)i in 167-Jf, created intense excitement in Canada, espeeialiy as Joliet represented that '' a person coukl go " from Foit Frontenac in Lake Ontario in a bark to the " Gulf of Mexico, there being only onccarr^'ing place half " a league in length where Lake Ontario communicates " with Lake Erie." Fired with a desire to emulate these adventurers, the celebrated De La Salle petitioned Louis XIY., in 1674, for a grant of Fort Frontenac, four leagues of country along the border of Lake Frontenac, as it was then frecpiently called the two Islands in front, and the inteijucent Islands. The following is a copy ot his petition : — " Memoir for the maintenance of Fort Frontenac. " The proposer, aware of the importance to the Col- ony of Cauiida of the establishment of Fort Frontenac, of which he was some time in command, and desiring to Note.— La Salle was under the impression nt one time that a road to China might be discovered across the (. ontinent of America by means ot the St. Lawrence, and the Groat Lakes which feed it. His preparations for tho expedition were made about six or eight miles above Montreal, and the present Viliagc of Lachiue was christened by that name by aomc wags in ridicule of this notioQ. 8 HISTORY OF THE employ liis means and his life in the King's service, and for tho niiginentiition of the country, offers to sui)port it at his expt'iise, nnd to reimburse its cost on the following conditions, to wit: " That His Majesty be ])leased to grant in Seigniory to the prop(jser the said Fort, lour leagues of country along the bolder of Lake Frontenac, the two Islands in front named Ganounkouesnot and Kaouenosgo,* and the inter- jace;:t Ihlets, with the same rights and privileges obtained hitherto by those who hold lands in the country in Seign- iory, with the right of fishing in Lake Frontenac and the adjoining Rivers, to facilitate the sujiport of the people of said Fort, together with the cominand of said place and of said Lake, under the orders and authority of Ilia Majesty's Governor, Lieutenant General in the country; on which condition the proposer will be bound : " 1st. — To maintain the said Fort; to place it in a better state of defence ; to keep a garrison there at least as numerous as that of Montreal, and as many as fifteen to twenty laborers during the two first years to clear a"':d till the land ; to i)i'ovide it with necessary arms, artillery and amnuuiiti()n, and that so long as the pro|)oser will command there in llis M;ijestv's name, and until some other persons bo anthoi'ized to settle above the Lf)no; Sault of the River St. Lawrence, through which people pass to said Fort wiihout being charged with similar expense, or to eon- tribute to that which the [)roposer v/ill be obliged to incur for the preservation of said Fort. " 2nd. — To repay Count de Frontenac, His Majesty's Governor and Lieutenant General in Canada, the expense he incurred for the establishment of said Fort, amounting to the sum of r2,000 to 13,000 livres, as proved by the statements thereof prepared. " 3rd. — To make grants of land to all those willing to settle there in the maimer usual in the said country; to allow them the trade (hi traite) when their settlements will be in the condition required by the Edicts and Regulations of the Sovereign Council of ^aid country. " 4th. — To attract tliither the greatest number possible of Indians ; to grant them land for villages and tillage ; to * Probably Wolfe Island and Amherst Island. J '# J I CITY OF KINGSTON. 9 the |ngto ; to will iions sible ; to 1 U? them trades and to induce them to lead lives more con >iraable to ours, as the proposer had begun to do with some succeps when he commanded there. *' 5th. — To build a church when there will be 100 persons; meanwhile to entertain one or two EecoUet Friars to perform divine service, and administer the sacra- ments there. " 6th. — His Majesty accepting these proposals is very humbly supplicated to grant to the proposer letters of noblesse in consideration of the voyages and discoveries which he made in the country at his expense during the seven yeats he continually lived there, the services he rendered in the country, and those he will continue to ren- der ; and all the other letters necessary to serve him as titles possessory to said Seignory." In the succeeding year this petition was granted, and a Decree to that eifect was issued by the King on the 13th May, 1675, and a patent of Nobility issued to La Salle, and Fort Frontenac with four leagues of the adjacent coun- try was created a Seigniory of Canada, and La Salle its first Seignior. Below we give a copy of the Decree. *' Decree accepting the proposals of Eobert Cavalier de La Salle. CoMPEiGNE, 13th May, 1675. " The King having caused to be examined, in his Council, the proposals made by Robert Cavalier Sr. De La Salle, setting forth that if it should please His Majesty to grant him, his heirs, successors and assigns, the Fort called Frontenac, situate in New France, with four leagues of ad- jacent country, the Islands named Ganounkouesnot and Kaouenesgo, and the adjoining Islets, with the right of hunting and fishing on said lands, and in the Lake called Ontario or Frontenac, and circumjacent Rivers, the whole by title of Fief, Seigniory and Justice, appeals from the Judges of which will be to the Lieutenant General of Que- bec, and the Government of said Fort Frontenac, and let- ters of Noblesse, he would cause considerable property he possesses in this Kingdom to be transported to the said •I' i w HISTORY OF THE country of New France, for the erection and establishment there of settlements, which may in the lapse of time con- tribute greatly to the augmentation of Colonies in said country. Said De La Salle offers to reimburse the sum of ten thousand livres, the amount expended for the construc- tion of said Fort Frontenac, to keep in good order the said Fort and the Garrison necessary for the defence thereof, which cannot be less than that of the Fort of Montreal ; to maintain twenty men during nine years for clearing the land which shall be conceded to him ; and until he shall have a church built, to keep a Priest or Friar to perform divine service and administer the Sacraments ; which ex- penses, &c., the said De La Salle will defray at his sole cost and charges, until there be established above the Long Sault called Garonouoy some individuals with similar grants to that he demands, in which case those who will nave obtained said grants shall be bound to contribute to the said expenses in proportion to the lands which will be granted to them, and having heard the report of Sieur Col- bert, Councillor of the King in His Royal Council, and Comptroller General of Finances, His Majesty in Council has accepted and does accept the said De La Salle's offers, hath in consequence granted to him the propriety of the said Fort called Frontenac, and four leagues of adjacent country, computing at two thousand toises* each league, along the Lakes and Rivers above and below said Fort, and half a league or one thousand toises inland ; the Islands named Ganounkouesnot and Kaouenesgo, and the adjacent Islands, with the right of hunting and fishing on said Lake Ontario and circumjacent Rivers; the whole by title of fief and in full Seigniory and Justice ; on condition, that he cause to be conveyed immediately to Canada all the eflects he possesses in this Kingdom, which cannot be less than the sum of 10,000 livres in money or moveables; that he produce a certificate from Count de Frontenac, His Majesty's Lieutenant General in said country, reimburse the sum of 10,000 livres expended in the construction of said Fort ; put and maintain it in a good state of defence; pay and support the Garrison necessary to defend it, which 18 to be equal at least to that of Montreal : likewise * How much was a toise in 1676 ? CITY OF KINGSTON. u ». maintain twenty men during two years to clear the land, who shall not be otherwise employed during that time; cause a church to be erected within the first six years of his grant, and meanwhile to support a Priest or Friar for the administration of the Sacraments ; also, induce the In- dians to repair thither, give thetn settlements and form Villages there in society with the French, to whom he shall give part of said land to be cleared, all which shall be cleared and improved within the time and space of twenty years, to be corainited from the next, 1676, other- wise His Majesty shall be at liberty, at the expiration of said time, to dispose of the lands which will not have been cleared or improved. His Majesty wills that appeals from the Judges (to be appointed by the said De La Salle with in the limits of the said country conceded by His Majesty), be to the Lieutenant General of Quebec; and to that end His Majesty wills that all donatory and concessionary let- ters hereunto necessary, be issued to the said De La Salle, together with those for the government of said Fort Fron- tenac and letters of noblesse for him and his posterity." From this document it will be perceived that Louis XIV., laid great stress on the clearing of the lands, and the settlement of the vicinity of Fort Frontenac, and from the tenor of the following license to discover the western part of New France, it may be gathered that considerable im- provements had been made by La Salle between the years 1675 and 1678. Here follows the document in full : — " Louis, by the Grace of God, King of France and Na- varre ; to our dear and well-beloved Robert Cavalier Sieur De La Salle, Greeting : — We have favorably received the most humble petition presented to Us in your name, to per- mit you to endeavor to discover the western part of New France; and We have the more willingly assented to that proposal, as there is nothing we have more at heart than the discovery of that country, where there is a prospect of find- ing a way to penetrate as far as Mexico, the success of which, to our satisfaction and the advantage of Our sub- jects in that country, We have every reason to expect from the application you have exhibited in clearing the lands We granted you by the Arret of our Council of the 13th May, 1675, and letters patent of the same date, informing 12 HISTORY OF THE settlements on said lands, and in placing Fort Frontenac, whereof we have granted you the Seigniory and Government, in a good state of defence. These and other causes Us mov- ing hereunto, We have permitted, and by these presi^nts, signed by Our hand, do permit you to labor in the discov- ery of the western part of New France; and for the exe- cution of this undertaking, to construct Forts in the places you may think necessary, whereof We will that you enjoy the same clauses and conditions as of Fort Frontenac ac- cording and conformably to our said Letters patent of the 13th May, 1675, which we have, as far as necessary, con- firmed, and by these presents do confirm. We will that they be executed according to their form and tenor ; oh condition, nevertheless, that you complete this enter- prise within five years, in default whereof, these presents shall be null and void ; and that you do not carry on any trade with the savages called Outawacs, and others, who carry their Beavers and other peltries to Montreal ; that you perform the whole at your expense and that of your associates, to whom we have granted as a privilege the trade in Cibola skins. We Command Count de Frontenac, Our Governor and Lieutenant General, and Sieur Duch- esnau, Intendant of Justice, Police and Finance, and the officers composing the Sovereign Council in said country to aid in the execution of these presents : for such is our pleasure. Given at St. Germain en Lave, the twelfth day of May, 1678, and of our reign the 35th. LOUIS, COLBEET." Immediately on receipt of this Commission, La Salle, together with Father Hennepin and the Chevalier de Tonti, a brave officer who had lost an arm in the Sicilian Wars, (and after whom Amherst Island is to this day called Isle of Tanti\ set sail from Rochelle on the 14th July, 1678, with tnirty men, and arrived at Quebec about two months afterwards, and proceeded directly to Fort Fron- tenac, and on the 18tli November of the same year, launch- ed the first vessel that ever floated on the waters of On- tario, and started immediately afterwards on that voyage of discovery whir-h has made his name so famous in the T ro e t - 1 CITY OF KINGSTON. 18 world. With this, however, we have nothing to do. Our limits are properly confined to the history of Kingston, and La Salle and his adventures in discovering the Miss- issippi, are matters of history not to be treated of here. It is, however, material to state, that La Salle left the Sieur de la Forest in charge of the Kort. During La Salle's voy- ages, his discoveries created for him numerous enemies, amongst others M. De La Barre, the successor of De Fron- tenac in the Government ot Canada, who actually seques- tered Fort Frontenac and took possession of it, pretending amongst other things, that La SulJe had abandoned it. This was in 1682. In 1685, M. de Denonville was appointed Governor of Canada, and on his arrival proceeded to Fort Frontenac with abcut 2000 troops ; a vast force in those days, and proving the importance attached to the maintenance of the Fort even then. Nothing of importance, however, occurred at Fronte- nac until July, 1687, when the same Governor was guilty of an act of treachery which not only reflected eternal dis- grace upon his name, but was the cause of embroiling Canada in a war with the Five Nation Indians. This was no less an act than inviting the Indians of the tribes called Ganneyouses* and Kentesf to the Fort to confer with him, and then seizing about 40 or 50 men, and about 80 women and children, and sending them prisoners to Mon- treal, whence they were forwarded to France. In this year (1687\ Fort Frontenac was besieged for a month by the Indians, out was not taken. Two years after- wards tlie Fort was blown up and abandoned by the French, who found it impossible to maintain the Fort at such a distance from Montreal, and consequently ordered it to be blown up. The Fort was then under the command of Sie^r de Valrenne, and the order for its destruction was fiven by M. de Denonville, much to the disgust of M. de 'rontenac, who succeeded him in the Government after the destruction of the Fort. There were, at this time, three barks on the Lake, *Tbis tribe lived in the vicinity of Napanee, formerlj called Qanneiom. tThe Bay of Quinte probably derived ita name from this tribe. 14 HISTORY OF THE which were scuttled. Property to the extent of 20,000 crowns was left in the Fort. The Fort was not rebuilt until August, 1695, when M. De Krontenac caused it to be re-established, and sent 700 men there for the purpose. This work was vigorously opposed by M. de Champigny, then Intendant, and the following joint letter of his and De Frontenac's, as to the utility or inutility of the Fort, is very curious. " Memoir concebning Fort Oataracout. "Reasons in stipport of its vsejul- ness : " In time of peace we shall be able to carry on Trade there with the Iroquois who hunt in the neighborhood, by which means we shall obtain peltries from them ; and we shall be able to establish a Smith who would be also an Armorer there, to repair their hatchets and arms, and ap- ply these advantages to the relief of the creditors of Mr. De La Salle, formerly proprietor of this post, to whom considerable sums are due. II. " In time of war our Indian Allies of the Far Country will make it their retreat, and will ob- tain their supplies there. " Reasons showing its uadeaaness and expense : I. " This trade will not be consid* erable in time of peace, because the Iroquois will, as much as pos- sible, carry his peltries to the English, who give him more for them than the French. " Observation. " This trade in itself is in oppo- sition to the principles on which the Colony must be governed. It is not proper to go to meet the Beaver, and nothing is so strongly forbidden by His Majesty's orders. The Beaver Trade can be bene- jScial only in so far as the Indians will bring the article into the Col- ony for the purpose of obtaining their necessaries there in ex- change. " They must go thirty to forty leagues out of their direct course to pass this fort in proceeding homeward from the enemy's ter- ritory, and large parties cannpit obtain provisions there because there is too much difi&culty in conveying any from Montreal merely from the Garrison. 1 •I CITY OF KINGSTON. 16 III. " It will serve as an entrepot for provisions and stores necessary for the expeditions to be organ- ized, and as a place of retreat for the French and Indians, either in Koiig or returning, who will leave the Colony to attack the Iroquois, and for the reception of the sick and wounded on coming back from expeditions. III. " If provisions are to be sent to this fort in advance, in order to be available for a largo party, the same force would l>e required to go there as would bo necessary if proceeding against the enemy, otherwise there would be no se- curity for the stores. There is no more difficulty on leaving Mon- treal, to go direct to the country of the enemy who are on the South, than to go to this Fort which is at the North, Lake On- tario being between the two. The people who will go on this War will easily carry their necessaries for the campaign in the batteaux and canoes, and the entrepot which will be likewise the place of the retreat, ought to be at the point of debarkation, on the terri- tory nearest the enemy, where it is absolutely necessary to con- struct a picket fort, which is the work of one day, for the safety of the batteaux, provisions and mu- nitions during the overland march to the enemy's villages. " How can Cataracouy serve as a retreat for the Indians and the French, being fifty leagues distant from the nearest of the enemy's villages, and separated by a great Lake which is almost always in agitation? Besides it takes scarce- ly more time and perhaps less to go down to Montreal than to cross to Fort Cataracouy, the River being very rapid. " It is well to consider also in regard to the sick and wounded, that this fort is very unhealthy, eighty-seven men having died there in one year out of the hun- dred who composed the garrison. Let us add to this that the army which proceeds against the enemy being able to carry only what will n HISTORY OF THE rv. " It is a frontier post which keeps the enemy in check ; many detachments can be sent against tbem from it." be necessary for its voyage, it will be re(iuisito to organise a second from the Colony to this fort in order to revictual it. This is ex- posing the troops and settlers to destruction from the extraordi- nary fatigues of these voyages duiing which they are almost constantly in the water dragging the batteaux and canoes. The sowing and the harvest must also be abandoned. IV. " It is indeed a frontier post sixty leagues above Montreal, at the head of a small bay adjoining a swamp that poisons the garri- son, without being on any River or Lake or pass ; it can be of no use except to protect itself, and whatever is within gunshot, the enemy being free to pass beyond that without any impediment; for it would be sheer deception to try to persuade us that the garrison would go in pursuit, as it is im- possible for it to go into the woods, and moreover imprudent to send into them ; for though there may appear but few of the enemy, there might be a great many of them ; and all things well considered, it is a garrison of fifty picked men who do nothing, and are as it were in a prison within four walls. " The River thither is nothing but rapids, falls and cascades, which necessitates in many places the conveyance of everything over land. This renders the access to this place extremely difficult, and affords great facilities to the ene- my to attack and destroy the de- tachments which will be sent thither, or else to take advantage of their being on the march, to fall on and devastate the Colony. " If it has been re-esiablislied CITY OF KINGSTON. IT without inipodiimMit from tho on- einy it is ht'oaust) lu' liiid no notice of it, inul unless I'iOO to 1500 men })<• sent llu.'iv every year, to revic- tuiil it, it is impossible to be cer- tain of reneliiiijrit, should tlus en- emy he disposed to oiler ojx'n op- position. " How could it he possible to send so large nnd even a smaller detachment there, were news to arrive of an Euulish ex[iedition against the Colony. Our force is already too nuich scattered in the Indian country, Hudson's Bay, the Fisheries and Fort Chanibly, without causing t liis new diversion which may leave the Colony al- most unprotected. " Besides, if we take into con- sideration tlie heavy expenses to be incurred for the support of that post, which will l)e seen by the statement annexed to this me- moir, an infinite number of pow- erful reasons will be found therein to overturn entirely the design.s which may be adduced in support of it, as it is wiser to abandon it a second time than to retain it and endanger the loss of the (Jolony. " This 6th November, 1G95. Championy." Monsieur de Cbampigny's remonstrances, however, produced no effect on De Frontenac, for as said before, he sent in 1695, 700 men to re-establish the Fort, wh'ch hav- ing accomplished, they returned to Montreal, leaving a garrison of 48 soldiers there, and subsequently in a letter from M. de Pontchartrain, dated Versailles, 28th April, 1697, De Frontenac had the satisfaction of learning that the King and His Minister approved of the steps he had taken. The expense of revictualling and re-establishing the Fort, cost 12,000 livres, or between £600 and £700, a large amount in those days. The exact locality of the Fort I have been entirely unable to decide, but from the evi- 18 HIHTOUV OF TIIK deticc of a niiinubitripl juiblislu-d in 1838, undiT the diivc- tion of tljo LiUTury iiiid Historiciul Society of Qiiciboc, entitled " Mcinoircs Hur Iom alVairi'S dii Ciitiiida, Dopui.s 1741), Jusqu'ii, 17<)0," the iiuthor of which, howovcr, in unknown, and from a plan eontuinod thoruiii, and from the doscriptic^n given of the l^orL in the tnanuseript, T believe it was situated not very far Ironi tlie present Teto du pont liiirraeks, and I feel conlirnied m this oiiinion fn)in the reeent disec^verics made in opening tho Gr. T. Railway into the City. 'J'he following is a transla- tion of the description given at page 115 of the manu- script: — "Fort Frontenac was built by the Count of tho " same name, then (iovernor General of Canada, to restrain *' the Five Nations. It was situated (tt the bottom of a Bay " which a little river (lowing into Lake Ontario forms, closo " to the junction of Lake Ontario and the Kiver Saint Law- " fence. It consisted of four stone curtains, 120 feet each, *' defended by four square bastions. Tho walls were not " yood, {fiiis was written of them in 1758), and were de- " fended by neither ditches nor palissades. There was no " terrace to sustain it on the inside. A wooden gallery " was built all round for communicating from one bastion " to another. The })latformsof these bastions were niount- " ed on wooden piles, and the curtains were pierced for " loop-holes." From this period (1 095), until 1758, nothing of im portance appears to have oceurretl at tho Fort beyond rou- tine business, such as the transmission of troops, ammu- nition and goods, and an occasional powwow with the In- dians. In this year (1758), the Commandant at l^)rt F'ronte- nac was a Monsieur Payau De Noyan, a gentlenum of Nor- mandy, and King's Lieutenant for Three Rivers. This command, which was much beneath his rank, had been given to enable him to arrange his business alTairs, which were in very bad order, lie was an old man, but brave as a lion. Having been warned that the English wcreccyicoting .^orces at Fort Burll for the purpose of attacking Fort Fron- tenac, he repeatedly warned M. De Vaudreuil, then Gov. G^iUeral, of their intention, and asked for reinforcements. CITV 01' KINGSTON. 19 tl To thcso npplirntioiia M. Do Vaudreuil piiid little heed. In- tlfctl, it irt relate! I, 'liat on receipt of his lust \ir^eut letter lor Miiecotir, til'' ^loveriior ^leiu'ral shnii,'<^a'(l hia Hhoulders and said, " rpi 'd lall"it quo eet oniciereut peiir." The ro- sult proved the correetneps of [)e Noyati's waridngn, and tlic I'nljy of I lie Ooveriior in iirgleutin}^ them, for on the 2r)tli Aii<:ust, ITos, (.'ol, Brailstret't a|ij)eared before Kort Frontenae, ami in throe days M. Do Noyan surrendered ae prisoner of war, and the iMiglish first possessed the site of the [)res('nt City • f Kingston. However, the ohjeet then was to destroy the Fort, not to keep it, so after taking all the booty, which was not in- considerable, ns till" magazines wens f'nll ot provisions, mu- niti(jns o( war, and all the in('rc!handiz(! destined to lurnish the posts al Niagara, Detroit, Fort Duquesne and others. Col. J^radstreet burned down the Fort and the vessels, and left with his tro(;ps before the reinforcements had even left Montreal. In ihe fall of this year, hovcvcr, a small detachment of troops and Canadians, under the command of the Che- valier nenoit, was sent to Frontenae parllj' to protect mer- chandize and ammunition passing up and down, and partly to rebuild the lM)rt, and subsequently the Sieur do Crcssc, an Assistant Engineer with Capt. Laforce, a sailor, w^ere sent tlierc to construct two new schooners, to endea- vor to fnaintain the supremacy oi the Lakes, as also to furnish Fori Niagara more easily, This was the hist act which the Fruich did here, ex- cept to evacuate it, which was done the next year, imme- diately after the capture of Fort Niagara, which took place 24th July, 1750. The capture of Quebec, wdiich follow- ed on the 14th September, in the same year, efiiectually settled all French interference with the Fort. We may, therefore, date from this year its change of masters, al- though it was not actually settled till long after by the English. '/ I 1 1 20 HISTORY OP THE Postcript from a letter from M. Doreil to Marshal Belle Isle, {Department De la Guerre, Paris). Dated Quebec, 31st August, 1758. Postcript dated 1st Sept., 1758. " News from Montreal of the 29th, informs us that the English force which proceeded to Lake Ontario with cannon, rendezvoused at the Bay of Bombeaouare {^Stc Niaoure), and sent a vanguard of 2,700 men against Fron- tenac, a miserable bi'coque, having a garrison of only 50 men. It is our entrepot ot provisions and goods for all the upper country posts, which constitute the entire resource of Canada. It is the key of Lake Ontario, the port which holds all our navy, consisting, in part, of the vessels taken at Chouaguen, by M. De Montcalm, two years ago. The enemy is no doubt master of it at present, whilst another force is proceeding, perhaps, against Niagara, a very im- portant post which has been skillfully fortified by a Cap- tain belonging to the batallion of La Reine, but equally bare with the other. All the upper country posts, of which Fort Duquesnc forms a part, tall of themselves. We have more than 2000 men scattered among them, and that ac- celerates the total ruin of Canada, All the Canadians who were beginning their harvest are put in motion to proceed to that quarter, but they will certainly arrive too late : the harvest will suflt'er, and the Marquis de Montcalm, who, since the fall of Louisburgh, is menaced bv the strong army in his front, will not be reinforced. What would it be were he beaten and cut off? 'Tis impossible reason- ably, to conceal the fact, that everything is to be feared, and very little to be hoped. M. de Vaudreuil has remain- ed in too great security in regard to the important post of Frontenac, and he is the dupe of the over-confidence h6 has placed in the Indians, whose services he needs, but they must always be treated with caution and distrust. More foresight, activity and vigilance, are besides, neces- sary, when one has to do with a powerful enemy who is always superior in force and means. I tremble with fear that we have not had the precaution nor time to burn the * Sackett'8 Harbor. -^ t CITY OP KINGSTON. 21 1 t sloops and batteaux which we had at Frontenac, and that the enemy will profit by them to cut us off, absolutely, from all access to Lake Ontario, whereby all our people beyond it will be made prisoners It is no less to be fear- ed that the Indians, who usunlly side with the strongest or most fortunate, will all abandon us to range themselves alongside the English. 3rd September. — My fears are too well founded, my Lord ; the enemy is master of the Fort of PVontenac or Cataracoui, since the 27th of August. No precaution was taken with our navy. The Knglish, more careful than we, have burnt it, with the exception of two 20 gun brigs, which they have preserved the more effectually to exclude us from Lake Ontario. " The provisions and merchandize destined for sup- plying all our posts in the Upper Countries, to which Frontenac, bad as it was, served as an entrepot, are lost, and what is still more vexatious is the loss of a consider- able artillery. This principally con; isted of the cannon taken from the enemy at Bradock's affiiir in 1755 and at that of Chouaguen in 1756. There were at least eighty pieces of cannon there. Everything is now to be feared for Fort Niagara, which indeed is good, but as bare as Frontenac." " Conditions on which M. de Nbj/an, Knight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis, King^s Lieutenant for the Town of Three llivers, Commandant for the King at Fort Frontenac, proposes to surrender it to His Bri- tannic Majesty : " 1. Sieur de Noyan promises to surrender Fort Frontenac generally, with all its dependencies, to Col- onel Bradstreet, Commandant of the Troops of England. " 2. The officers and soldiers of the garrison and others actually at this post, shall remain prisoners of war, until an agreement be concluded for their exchange by the Marquis de Montcalm and the English General. "3. The sick and wounded shall be attended at the expense of the King of Great Britain. " 4. He shall guarantee against all insults on the .-"^ f ^tUSKSKOSi -ka. 22 FITSrOHV OF THE part of the English soldiors iiiul Indians, tlie oflTicers, sol- diers and all other persons wluitsocver now actually in the Fort. " 5. The Colonel shall permit the ornaments and sacred vessels of the Chapel to be removed in the baggage of the Chaplain, and ^^ieur de Noyan promises to give up faithfully all the munitions of war and provisions, and generally all the goods and implements that are actually in the magazines of said Fort. " 6. Sieur de Noyan demands that there be furnished him his soldiers and the rest of the persons with him in the Fort, conveyances to transport their baggage and ne- cessaries for the voyage." " Frontenag, 27th August, 17.58. " Colonel Broadstreet in consideration of the infirmi- ties of M. de Noyan, Commandant of this Fort, permits him to return to MontKeal, and to take four men ; the same to Madame Duvivier, Mad;ime Barollon and the other women belonging to this Fort, who are without men. (Signed), Jn. Broadstreet and De Noyan. " M. De Noyan engages to procure Colonel Schuyler in exchange for himself, or some other person, slioujd it happen that Mr. Schuyler has been already exchanged" " After the capitulation was concluded, Col. Brad- street permitted all the French in Fort Krontenac to de- part for Montreal, in Canada, under the promise M. De Noyan has given, to have a like number of persons and ranks surrendered as soon as the same can be done, and conveyed to Fort George. Fort Frontenac, 27th August, 1758. (Signed), De Noyan and John Bradstreet." Bradstreet had 2,737 under his command, and started from Fort L' raven about the 12th or 13th August. Vide New York Colon ia.l Manuscripts, Vol. X., j)age 827. I I \ ! (UTV OF KlNGri'roM. 23 \ LIST OF THE Governors of Canada, 1612---1763. Extracted from a table contained in Volume 9, of " Documents relating to Colonial History of New Yorky 1, — Samuel de Champlain, 1612 ; died at Quebec on the 25th December, 1635. 2. — Marc Antoine de Brasdefer de Chasteaufort, 1635 ; at first Commandant of Tliree Rivers. 3. — Chiis. Huault de Montmagny, 1636; Knight of Malta. 4. — Louis D'Ailleboust de Coulouge, 1648 ; Knight. 5. — Jean de Lauson, 1651. 6. — Charles de Lauson Charny, 1656 ; son of No. 5. 7. — Louis D'Ailleboust de Coulonge, 1657 ; died at Mon- treal, 31st May, 1860. 8. — Pierre de Voyer Viscount D'Argenson, 1658. 9. — Pierre du Bois Viscount D'Avaugour, 16()1. 10.— Augustin de SafFray Mesy, Kt., 1663; died at Que- bec, May 5th, 1665. 11. — Alexander de Prouville — Manjuis de Tracy, 1663 ; Viceroy — arrived at Quebec, 1665. 12.- Daniel de Remy de Courcelle, Kt., 1665. 13. — Louis de Buade, Count de Paluan and de Froutenac, 1672. 14.— Lc Kebre de la Barre, 1682. 15. — Jacques Rene de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville, 1685. 16. — De Frontenac, No. 13, 1689; died at Quebec, Nov. 28th, 1698. 17. — Louis Hector de Calliere, Kt., 1699 ; died at Quebec, May 26, 1708. 18. — Phillippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, 1703 ; died at Quebec, Oct. 10, 1725. 19. — Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longeuil, 1725 ; born at Montreal, 1656 ; died at Montreal, June 8, 1729. 24 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF KINGSTON. ! 20. — Charles, Marquis dc Beauharnois, 1726. 21. — Rolland Michel Barrin Count de la Galissoniere, 1747. 22. — Jacques Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de la Jouquiere, 1749. 23. — Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil, 1752 ; son of No. 19, born at Moutreal, 1686, and died there 17th January, 1 755. 24. — Marquis Duquesne de Menneville, 1752. 25. — Pierre Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil Cavagnal, 1755 ; son of No. 18, born at Quebec, 1698. m 1747. liere. ; son there ignal, A.PFENIDIX. ♦«» V M # An Ac' to incorporate the Toivn of Kingston under the name of the Mai/or and Common Council of the Town of Kingston. [Passed, 6th March, 1838. Style of Corporation — "Commonalty of the Town of Kington." First Election under above Act was held on the 27th: day of March, 1838. First year of Her Majesty's Reign. Thomas Kirkpatrick, Esq., was elected Mayor of the Town of Kingston on Monday, the 2nd day of April, 1838. Mr. Kirkpatrick having resigned in consequence of his removal outside the limits of the Town, John S. Cart- wright was unanimously elected on the lith day of Jan- uarv, 1839. Mr. Cartwright declined to accept the office. No Mayor was elected for balance of year. Henry Cassady, Esq., unanimously elected Mayor on Monday, the 1st day of April, 1839. James Sampson, Esq., unanimously elected Mayor, 12th Sept., 183*7, in the room of Henry Cassady, Esq., who died on the 10th inst. James Sampson, Esq., relected Mayor, Monday April 6, 1840. % 26 APPENDIX. Jno. Counter, Esq., elected Mayor, Monday, April 5, 1841. " " re-elected '' " " 4, 1842. ,1 ,i a .« u u 3^ 1343^ James Sampson, Esq., elected Mayor, Monday, April 1, 1844. Thomas W. Eohison, Esq., Alderman, elected Mayor, Augui^t 5, 1844, in the room oi James Sam))Son, Esq., re- signed. Tliomas AV. liobison, Esq., re-elected Mayor, April 12, 1845. Dr. Hubert McLean, elected ]\Iayor, April 7, 1846. a •( " An Act to incorporate the Town of Kingston as a City" [Passed May 18, 1846. The above Ma^'ors were elected Ironi amongst the cit- izens b}'- the Aldermen and Coancilmen. Alderman John Counter, elected Mayor of the City of Kingston, Jiuio lo, 1846. Alderman Thomas Kirki)atrick, was elected Mayor of the City oi Kingston, dan. 16, 1847. Alderman William Ford, Jr., elected Mayor, Jany. 15, 1848. Alderman Francis Manning Hill, elected Maj'or, Jan, 13, 1849. Act\2 17c., Chap. 81, '■'■An Act to provide hy one general law J or the erection of Municipal Corporations^ d'c. [Passed, 1849. Alderman John C(^unter elected Mayor of the City of Kingston, January 21, 1850. APPENDIX. 27 leral |849. pyof Alderman PVancis Manning Hill, elected Jany. 20, 1851. " John Counter, " " 19, 1852. " " " re-elected " 17, 1853. Alderman John Flanigan, elected Mayor, Jan. 16, 1854. ♦« John Counter, " '' " 15, 1855. " " " resigned June 12, 1855. Alderman Overton S. Gilderslecve, elected June 12, 1855. " " re-elected Jan. 21, 1856. Alderman George Davidson, elected Mayor, Jan. 19, 1857. " John Flanigan, " '' " 18, 1858. The above ^Mayors were elected from the Aldermen by the Aldermen and Councillors. I any. Jan. ^^ An Act respecting the Mwncipal Institutions of Upper Canada^ Asisented to IQtIi August, 1858. Came into force 1st Dec, 1858. Mayors of Cities, under above Act, to be chosen by the electors ot Cities. Orlando Sampson Strange, elected on the 6th day of January, 1859. Orlando Sampson Strange, re-elected Dec. 19, 1859. No opposition. Overtou Smith Gildersleeve, elected December, 1860. " " " " " 1861. For the above information the writer is indebted to the kindness of M. Flanagan, Esq., the City Clerk. ifh! 28 APPENDIX. INDIj^N Nj^MES. ♦ ■» hvtkv Nahb. Present Nahs. FuNOH Nam*. Oftoateheskiagon Whitby Oanarsske Tren ton OftDeious Napanee Osnanoque Oananoque Cataraqui Kingston Frontenao. OtODdiata Grenadier Island, I Leeds Co., C. W. ) *Kente Quinte ) Quinte. *Twentr leagues above Cataraqui ) GonounkouesDot Wolfe Island Kaouaneigo Amherst Islbod lale TontL It I '•'■I' M f }DtenM. linte. iefontL