IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I 1.0 I.I Jf illlM 12.5 If IIIIIM If 1^ 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 U. 1.6 . ■» 6" ► V] ^ ?^^V^ / Hiotographic Sciences Corporation S X % ^^^ v CTHEi^ i:isr:FOJ^:M:-A.Tion5r THliVAi KIVKR.S 1881 84300 A SKETCH OF THE SCHEME ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY The Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway Company was incorporated by a special act of the Legislature of Quebec, passed during the session of 1881. According te the provisions of this act, ihe Board of Directors of the Company is composed of seven directors elected each year. The minimum share-capital of the company is fixed at $500,(100, With power to increase it, if necessary, and authority to issue bonds to the amount of $1,000,000. The works authorised must be commenced in 1883 and completed in 181).-). OBJECT OF THE COMPANY The object of the company is to establish a permanent sea-port at Saint-Catherine's Bay, opposite Tadousac, and connect that port with the cities of the West, through the railway they intend to build and §which will form the natural extension of the Quebec, Montreal, !ottawa and Occidental Railway. This new [)ort will be the onl^ one, in all the province of Quebec, open to navigation during winter and in direct connection with all the railways of the north shore of the S.dnt- Lawrence, bringing the products of the west to the Canadian sea-board. The company also intend to ])uild a loop-line of some fifty or sixty miles in length to connect the town of Chicoutimi, the center of the richest portion of the Lake Saint-Juhu region, with the City of Quebec. THE COUNTRY THROUGH WHICH THE LINE WILL RUN Tlie line will start tVoin the city of Quebec, which is the actual teriiiiiHis of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental r '^v^ay, on tlu' north Hhore of the Saint - Lawrence, and of the Grand Trinik and Intercolonial railways, on the south shore. In 1871, according to the census taken in tiiat year, the population of the city and suburban municipalities was 5!»,Glt'.) inhabitants. After leaving Quebec and crossing 8aint-(Jbarles river, the line will run through the wealthy })arish of I>eau[)ort, inh;ibite(| by a population of over 5000 souls. Along the line are several manufacturing establishments, amongst which may be mentioned Renaud's grist-mill, where over two hundrtid thousand bushels of wheat imported from the West are annually turned into tlour ; ('hinic and Beaudet's nail-factory, Fair- bank's oil-mills, Richardson's tannery and the Montmorency saw-mills, the largest establishment of the kind in the province, and which every 3'Car turn out millions and millions feet ol" lumber, sent to Quebec to be loaded on boiird of ships for exportation. Near the saw-mills, the line will cross the river, just below the hvmous Altnitt/ionncy Fulls, which are visited every year by thousands of tourists. Then comes the parish of I'Ange-Gardien, inhabited by ricli farmers who daily bring large quantities of vegetables and dairy produce to the markets of Quebec in summer, and make lor the same markets several thousands cords of fire-wood in winter. Chateau-Rich .r is the next parish traversed by the line. It is the chef •lieu of the county of Montmorency. The farmers are rich and large contributors to the markets of Quebec. They also send every year to the city from six to ten thousands cords of lire-wood, besides large quantities of first class building stone. In tne year 1871, accord- ing to the census, over 100,000 cubic feet of cut stone were taken out from the quarries of that locality and brought up to Quebec. Since several years, there are two stage lines running between Chateau- Richer and Quebec, and both these lines make money. About a mile from the village, the line crosses river Saut-ri-la-Puce, about half a mile below a fall forming a splendid water-power Avhich actually is only used for a grist-mill. Saut-ri-la-Puce is a favorite summer resort for numbers of Quebec people who frequent Lefran(;ois Temperance Hotel. After Chateau-Richer comes the parish of Saint- Anne, celebrated for the shrine and church dedicated to this Saint, and visited every summer by over fifty thousands pilgrims, coming from all parts of the province, and even from the United States. Two or three large steam- boats make the voyage from Quebec to Saint-Anne every Sunday, I ^E the actual '^vay, on le Gnind In 1871, tion of the :er leaving- n through tn of over (li.shtnents, over two We.st are ovy, Fair- Haw-mills, lich every lebec to be s, the line ills, which cti farmers luce to the 2ts several . It is the » rich and snd every d, besides ' 1, accord- taken out 3C. Since Chateau- ut a mile lalf a mile ly is only resort for ice Hotel. lelebrated -ed every ts of the ge steam- sun day, besides the regular daily lino and tlie excursions on week days, and they are always crowded, altliough ])ilgrims and sick persons have to Walk nearly half a mile over the wharf to roach the church. There are about ten hotels in the village and all do well. This [)arish is also rich in farm, dairy and garilen [)roduce, which have to lind thoir way to the markets of Quohoc. Some three miles furtlier than the village, the line will cross river Sainte-Anne, wliich drains a large and fertile valley, coveretl by fine forests of sj)ruce, taniarac, birch, ma[)le, ash and elm. Tliore is a ooui- parativcly large business carried on at tiiis place. Thousands (^)rds of fire wood are yearly bi'ought down here by the inhabitants of Saint- Fereol and thence ship[)ed by bh the [)()pulations of the counties of Charlevoix and Saguenay, and the greatest part of the county of Chicou- timi, can reach Quebec. Saint-Joachim will be the la toll-gates of jVIoiitmorency and Dorchester bridges average yearly over twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) and the average rate is about twtmty-live cents per vehicle. Of course, this is exclusive of the trafiic by the steaiiiboats and bateaux during summer. The line aft-n- leaving Saint-Joacliim will ascend the hejghtsofSaint- Tite and run through this parish to reach the fine and level valley exten- I iV\\\>>-A(jne'<^Q\\Q\\'\y and Dvfi-Mu-ois^ tluM^idy roads by which the inhabitants of the ciistern quality, or greatest part of the (^oinity of '.'hicoutimi can communicate with the ^Jje hi"" rest of I he irur/d, dui'ing wiufr. a8 it ap Among Bay Saint-Paul, Murrax Bay and Tadoussnx! are well known as the ygj.y ab finest watering-places of the lower Saiut-Lawreuce. Thousands tuid i_g|^ ^^ thousands of tourists from all parts ol" (Jauada and the United States visit ygj.ged \ these localities, and (luring the summer season the passenger-traffic shall ^.j q\i[ beimmerise. Besides tourists.the po[)ulation of the counti''s of Charlevoi.K, :- jj^ q Cbicoutimi and Saguenay will contribute a large contingent to passenger Actual!' traffic. In 1871. the [)oi)ulation ol' these counties was as follows: Char- with C levoix, 15,611 ; Cbicoutimi, 17,4!).3 ; Saguenay, viz,. Tadoussac and l^ke St Escoumains, ITSS, making in all a population of )U,S',)2 inhal)itants, «£ i^ke who shall have to depeml <;.frlns}i-(:li/ on the railway to communicate Durino- "with Q;;ebec. As to the freigbt-traflic, it will be very important. The ^-j -qq^ counties of Charlevoix and Chic^outimi are rich in farm products of all «riio.if sorts, as is shown by the statistics given in the appendix. wheat 139 pe The loop-line to Chicoutimi will pr(jba,bly leave the main line somewhere near Saint-Urbain or Siiinte- Agues, pass through a si)lendid ' forest region as far as Ila ! Ma! Jiay, and (Continue to the town of Chi- T coutimi, which is the chif-l'tev of the county and the capt'OiJ oi' the rich railwa valley of lake Saint-John, or the /\liK/>/(un of S(ii ine will run is exceedingly rich and I.Ttile, and produces Avlieat, oats, si oi k5;unt-,yg^ barley, potatoes, dtc, in abund ii'ce, with immense crops of hay. ^4 "^'^"^!, *''3f the region extending between; Uontniorenr^^ Falls and river GouflVe, grit or thej,^j.y^,yj3^..gg„^.j..^| Bouchette says : " T!i. nature of the soil varies a the ,Saiu. y^feat d^al in so vast a space ; but th* general character is nearly the .'"" ■-^.V'^'' following, viz : on the low grounds is u dark coloured mould of good ' ?"'''^*''''" quality, here and there mixed with sand and clay and some marl , on to with thc^jjg [jjgl^ lands there is for the most part a strong black earth, which, as it approaches the mountains, gives place to a yellowish loam. ^, Among the timber beech, maole, birch, pine, hickorv and bass-wood are own 'ISrrie i .•'• ? r 7 l' ' very abundant, as also the inferior -pecies of cedar, sprucefir, hem- c' , '^ '!^'. lock, &c. " This descrii)tion also ai)plies to th«; soil of the recrion tra- O J. i t "tr V.'^li ^^^"^^^ '''y ^''^' ^^^^^ ^'^^^ of river fJouffre, as far as Saint-Catherine's Bay ,, ' , ^ ^!^ and Chicoutimi. It can readily be understood that when the railway ^narlevoix • • i.* i • • i x- » ^ f MS in operation, a hirge increase in producticm may be expected. I c hsc igei jj^ctually although that fine country has no regular co^imunication 'Ws : Char- --•^-? -^ o )U8Hac and an s, q£ i^jj^^ St-Johii district, says the Toronto Mail, is exceedingly npid. t 'ti ^ During the past ten years, the population of the locality has increased f ' . n ^^ P^'' ^*^"^) the acres of cultivated lands 116 per cent., bushels of uc s ot all ^ijeat raised 1,147 per cent., butter 140 per cent., and live stock 139 per cent." with Quebec, the only place where its products can find a market, the lake St John region is progre.^sing rapidly. *' The agricultural progre^is main line I .splendid rn of Chi- WATER-POWERS. The rivers and streams which are met with on the line of this the rich railway offer advantages for mill-sitts unequalled in any part of the terms Canada. Among the number may be mentioned the rivers MontmorencVj 8 > 11 Quebec; Saut-a-la-Piice, with its romantic tails, fil'te«iipj.gygiJ ebec; au-Chien, Sainte-Anne, a mighty stream formeo x^jj^^g^.l nine miles from miles from Quebec; au-Uhien, Samte-Anne, a miglity stream lormec ^jj^^^g^ by a continuous succession of talis iVom the St.-Lavvrence to ten oi ^^^[ cail twelve miles upwards ; GoufFre, Murray, Chicoutimi and many others', f^^i q\;\ whi^re mills of* any description and of" almost any capacity may bi ygj^r tJ MINES erected. • Ti The country through which the line will pass belong fjeologlcall ij to the laurentian or arcluran system. Of these formations, professor James D. Dana says : " Abundance of iron-bearing minerals is ii ?^"\ J striking characteristic of the archiean rocks. It is apparent in the "''^* prevalence of the horblendic series. The black variety of hornblende r*^*^ nine; much iron. It i>s cnoppi evide Bctwe in lirt: and pyroxene, present in them, contai-.^..^ especially manifested in the existence of immense beds of iron-ore, which consists either of magnitite, or of hematite or of titanic iron (page 151.) In Canada, at Bay St. Paul's, there is a bod of titanic iron 00 feet wide, exposed for 200 or 800 feet, occurring in syenyte, with rutile or oxyd of titanium. The ore does not differ from ordinary specular iron in appearance; but the powder is not red. In Sweden and Norway, the iron-ores are interstratilied in the same manner with crystalline rocks, — mainly gneiss, hornblende rocks, chlorite slate, clay slate, quartzite and granular limestone, with which they are more or , , loss laminated" (page 154.) The Biiy St. Paul's or Saint-Urbain iron ^^\ ^ ^ mines which, as professor Dana says, have a thickness of 90 feet, T^.^".,^ extend over more than a square mile and in fact constitute a mountain of the best titanir iron-ore, and the proposed railway will run through them. They have already boen worked by an onglish company ; but the work had to be abandoned on account of losses incurred through ill and incompetent management. They are now in the po.ssession of another company that intend to work them on a better system. The letter of Mr. McCorquedale, published in the Appendix, shows what might be done with those mines. Of course, it is useless to observe that the working alone of those inexhaustible iron-mines would give an enormous amount of traffic to the railway. in the from of wo( must \ Convo which ' the \\\ railro the N\ TIMBER Between Quebec and river Saint-Anne, no important amount of available timber exists ; but beyond that point to Saint-Catherine's Bay and Chicoutimi, immense forests are to be found comjjosed of pine, spruce, hemlock, tamarac, cedar, birch, maple and other varieties, now untouched for the most part, owing to tlu' w.'int of nn outlet to a market. Several individuals anr and lumber will be transported by this railway every y may be y^.^^ ^^ ^\^^^ shipping ports of Tadoussac and Quebec, as soon as the road IB open to traffic. • FIRE-WOOD fjeologirallii IH is an annual )rice i)aid for , professor ^" Q'i<-'l^<^'t' '"i^^ suburban municij)alitit'S, there nerals is ;i consumption of over 120,000 cords of firewood. The irent in the l*'ii''l wood is from §3.oO to So. 00, and for soft wood Irom S'i.OO to $-].00 hornblende P^^' cord. Beyond river Saint-Anne, wood can he bad almost for the ron. It i,s chopping, and when the freight will not exceed iJl-OO per cord, it is of iron-ore evident that ati important traffic may be expected in this material. titanic iron Between Quebec and river Sainte-Anne, th 'I'c is already a large trade titanic iron *^^ lire-wood, which is brought in Ixttratix to the city. As will be seen «nyte, with ^^ the appendix, the IxUoni.r coming to Palace wharf alone brought tn ordinary from the places situated between (^)uebec and Sainte-Anne SS.T.'i.') cords In Sweden of wood in five years, or an average ot 17,74^ cords per year. To that must be added the (piantities brought to Renaud's, Laroche's and Convey's wliarves, about double of tbat coming to Palace wbarves, which makes about 52,0(10 cords pei' year. Of i'oui\->e, the hiUcnit.r can only be used during summer, so that farmers who make their wood in winter have to wait for live or six months before they can send it to the markets of Quebec and sell it, while tbey will readily send it bv the railroad as soon as it is open to traffic, in order to get their money in the winter, which is precisely the time when they want money. anner with 2 slate, clay ire more or Jrbain iron of 90 feet, I mountain >n tlirougli >any; but ^ through ssession of am. The iows what observe ould give Mount of Ltlierine's \ of pine, ies, now •tiet to a 'ns^H are BUILDlNd STONE The whole I'ote 'A IU''(iij)ir, troin MontmorencA Falls to river Sainte-Anne, is a cohi.inuous (piarry of li. .*^ class building stone. Tim quarries of Chriteaii-Ricber. es|)ecially, are known for the excellence of the material they pi'odiiec. In all tln^ gouvei'iiment eonti'acts. it is specified that ma.-o'';y shall bi' made of Chateaii-Hicher stone. All private buildings erected in Quebec are also made of this stone, so that enormous quantities are every year brought to the city. According to an official statement com[)iled by F. R. Roy, Es((.. collector of dues at the Palace wharves, the t|uantiti(!S imported froii ISJo to ISJt) form a total of 2()So /f^/.sr.s, or ')7'.^,0tjt) cubic feet, wlii(,'h give an averaiie of 1 10, '.102 cubic feet [ler year. The (juantity b)-ought in IS7!) was 70,- 288 cubic feet. The railway will pass at ahout a (piartor of a- mile from the quarries. 10 COLONIZATION :adonss he Lov The opening of tlicM-ailway will give a powerful impulsion toj^ojccto colonization in the region traversed by the line. The ricli)agsong and fertile soil, mild climate and other advantages ofiered byoaJdu the Sasuenav district to colonization and settlement are tacts two well known and too universally admitted to require comments. In 1871 the county ol' Chicoutimi, viz : precisely the district which will be immediately aru^ommodated by the pr 'ected line, had a population ol' ^\) 17,41)o, instead of 10,478 inhabitants in 1^61, which shows an increase ^q^] ^vi of 7,U15 or 07 percent. During the same i)eriod, the aci'es of cultivated Qcciden land increased 116 pt;r cent ; bushels of wheat raised 1,147 per cent, jyg^y, //, butter 140 per cent, and live stock 189 per cent. In no other part of /^j Cavo the province was such a progress realized. However, this progress was Tadoust realized in spile of absolute want of good and regular means of commu- ^q c^\ iiication with Quel)ec. the natural and only market for the products of \ar<''e p; theSaguenay district, and if a railway was built to supply that means j-oads ai of communication, it is (juite out of doubt that the extraordinary « Accov progress iibove mentioned would more than double in the next ten years, ^qj^ sa\ Actually, although the settlers have no communication with Quebec Depart! and have to bring their products with horses to this city, a distaiice of Stvvtes t about 120 miles, large numbrrs of families leave every year tor the Sague- ^he val nay district where they settle in the expictation of a railway, so attrac- the Can tive are the lands in that region. As has been observed by Mr Lesage, ^he TJn' assistant-commissioner of agricidture, the Saguenay district may easily year or support a populiition of 400.0011 souls and actually it is inhabited by iq Cann about 20,000 Let the railway be built, and before ten years 693... this (igurrojected railroad. It would be idle to insist on the itnportaiu-e of the Ihe rich,agBoiiger-trallic whicli these famous watering-places will l.ring to the ofiered by .gaj ai,n„.r summer. its two well In 1871 ch will be opulation ol' CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER RAILWAYS For its entire lenght, this railway will have no competing line an increase jmi yy{\\ form^ in connection with the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa & ^cultivated Occidental railway and its connections westward, /fic s/i(iri(sf /h,e het- lI ^^^^' ^^^^^\weeii tlie Afhoitic sea-hoid ot commu- ^^ r^\\ the railway lines on the north shore of the Saint-Lawrence a products ot large part of the western traffic whi.:h of necessity goes to tlie American lat ineiuis roads and sea-ports, as soon as navigation closes ai Montreal :in(l ()iiebec traordinarv « According to returns compiled in the Bmeau ot Statistics at Washing 111 y d to •}u\\^'^^^' ^-on? ^''^y^ '^i'"- Larned in his oHicial report to the Amevican Ti'easur itn Quebec Department, tlie foreign ccmimodities carried ^hrougli the Unite distance of States to Canada in the^liscal year ended .\\\ni^ oO, ISGU, amounted t the^sague- ^he value of $14,843, bl^O (more than double the quantity appearing in J, so attiac- the Canadian Statistics) and the (Canadian commodities shipped through Mr J^esage, ^he United States to countiesabroad aggregated 8">,7')4, 1 KT. In the fiscal T^7- ^''f^^y year ended June :>(), 1870, the goods shipped through the United States iiabited by i^ Canada were of the viilue of |l (),510,();^7. and from Canadii, 8Li,9;J2,- ten years district is I« on the i benefits )on double id paying i3ouiity of Revd. 0. possibly than the le, in its d roman- year by and the '"y Bay 693. ... A large portion of the commerce between the old Canadian provinces (Ontario and (Quebec) ami ibreign coiuitries. other than our own. is carried on through the United States. This is made necessary by the winter closing of the St.-Lawrence ii-nd by the fact that no railroad connection between the Canadian luterioi- and the sea,i)orts of the maritime la'ovinces exists, and that one can be Ibnned onlv bv taking so wide, costly and inconvenient circuit that its commercial usefulness when realized will be viu'}' slight." i. This statement is tpiite true as things now stand, even with the Ititercolonial Railway open to Halifax and St. John ; but. with the Snebec, Montreal, Ottawa !ind Occidental Railway and the (Quebec, ontinorency and Charhivoix Railroad, connecting the n'inte.r seit-port of Tadoussac with the cities of the West, (Janada will easily do without the anierican rnilways and sea-ports on the Atlantic iind carry itself, d^ itsoMHi lines, its trade with p]urope, and the S2o.4")'J,o3() of foreign qommerce mentioned by Mr. Tjarned ...j (Ntrried iu transit through the ^ni ted States in 1870 may in future he carricfl through Canada assoou ji^ the winter port of Tadoussac is connected with Quebec through the £ if I i 12 J,^ i i Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix railway. And this commerions of will be carried through Canada on a much shorter and cheaper roiiha enoj than that through the United States, as the following figures wioon as show : rpi 1 The distance from Ciiicago to Liverpool via Tadoussac \"®* V' and Cape Race, is shorter than the route ^^'^ . -•eavs, i| via Porthmd by 158 miira Pfactit '•Halifax, ""^ 397 '» Bften is "Boston, " 510 " head^^ ary 01 To those figures should be added 158 miles, if the voyage is made ?*^|*r^ through Belle-Isle strait, which is open and clear during the greatest S- part of the yoar, so tliat by this route the smalleM difference in favor oj ?^^ ^ TiuhmHfi(u- is 310 iiu'/es. ' ' deser Marn These figures show conclusively what amount of traffic the buil- <^^^^^ ding of the Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix railway would brins ^^^ ? to the lines of tlie north .shore of the Saint-Lawrence, as tar as Chicago. ^^^^^ Of course, the coin|)a,i-is )m is much m'»re in tavor of the proposed line "*^^° ^f we take ill consideration the traffic coming from Duluth, by tlic ^^^^^ northern Pacific, and from Manitoba by the Canadian Pacific ' rail wa\. '^^®. It is sufficient to mention these facts to show what will be the connec- ^^^^ M .j#' 13 this commeriops of the proposed Quebec, Montmorency and Charleroix line and cheaper roiifae enormous quantity of through traffic it will of necessity have as ng figures vvioon as it is built. There is another very important consideration in favor of this ssac ine. One of the greatest inconveniences encoiuitereil in the exporta- ion of live stock, which has taken so much importance since a few 'ears, is the lenght of the voyage on the high sea. By the route rid 158 miiiTadoussiic, this inconvenience is to a great extent avoided, since tiie 220 " irtvigation on high sea is reduced to 1S78 or 1970 respectively, the 253 '< liatance from Belle-Isle strait or from ('ape Race to LiveriuK)!. The 400 " 'Ciit of the voyage is through the gulf (jf Saint-Lawrence, in comj)ara- :iyely still water, which is naturally much more favuraJjle to the transport of live stock on board of steamers. This alone should bring 1. large part of the live stock traffic to the Quebec, Montmorency and Ofaarlevoix Railway. 188 mile isac 311 399 WINTB:R NAVIGA "ION OF THE SAINT-LAWRENCE ac 399 ac Is navigation practlaihJe on the lower course ol' the Saint-Law- rence, from Tadoussac to the sea, during winttM"? — Such is the ([uestion on the solution of which is based the scheme of the Quebec, Montrao- 158 milt^®"^y ^"^ Charlevoix Railway Company. The answer to this question is affirmative. People who have no knowledge of the subject may have some doubts and raise objections ; but ftU men who have a personal knowledge of the (juestion, who are hy ex/K )•>(;) cc acquainted with the coinfitioN of the lower Saiiit-Lawreuct- during winter, all agree to state that winter navigation in the gulf is '• 348 miloPf^^ticable and even easy. On this point, the attention of our business • . 397 "■ sien is especially called on the extracts given in the (i/>/)e)nh\r under the • . 510 " feead winter navii/dtloit. Father Lacasse, who was for several years mission- ary on the coast of the north shore, is quite desiuterested and only nuTQ jg iuq,]p states what he knows by personal experience and what /ir hnn seen the <»-reatest ^^ ^^^^ course of his travels through that part of the Saint-Lawrence. ;e In favor Oi ^^^ evidence cannot be contradicted. Mr. (Jr 'gory's statements also ■ deserve consideration. By his position as agent of the Department of Ijtarine and Fisheries at Quebec, for the lower Saint-Lawrence, he is in ' the buii- ^rect and official relation with all the light-keei)ers of that part of would brins tl*^ Saint-Lawrence and fully acquainted with all the particulars of as Chicao-,1. l|avigation in that part of the gulf and his views are those of a man who knoim what he says. He does not exi)ose a theory, but deals with ||cts which officially and constantly come to his personal knowledge. *fhe correspondance taken from the Montreal Ih raid also contains va- >P'>sed \h\i th, by th( '^ i*ailwa\ , the connec- l^^^hle arguments in favor of winter mivigation. In presence of all the w u facts given in those extracts, no man of ordinary common sense i hesitate to admit that the nav)(jatlon, of tlit lower iSaint-Laivrence Jar winter is pratica/j/c and that Tadoussac is destined by nature to beco the great sea-port oi' the western provinces of the Dominion. CONCLUSION \ i Th ffive a ( f t> Such is the scheme in whicli the directors of the Q. M. & C. R. Co^-jj j^J pany, ask capitalists to invest n)oney. When the facts mentioned s^boi-iigj.gg are seriously considered, it seems that the promoters of this undertaki-r^i^ j^ are safe in stating that very few schemes offer so many inducemei j. j^^^j, and so eiicourahti; from Quebec to Liverpool for 15 cents per bushel, from May to September. Elevator charj^e interest and insurance should not« exceed 4 cents prtr bushel The a^yre|rate is 119 cent- currency, per bushel. This calculation implies no middlemen's or speculative profite, but allows the farmer, the freii;litt r, and tlie merchant actually furnishing capital or credit for tli business, as much as realized in the present course of trade. It would be of infinite advautai;' to our country, and honest industiy would profit by the ciiaiii^e, if the trade were conductw on the basis here denoted, since on the terms indicated our country could absolutely supply tlu demand of all Western Europe, a dtanand sufficient to make the agriculture of the west; source of largo and enduring wealth. " What is needed, so far as Quebec is concerned, v.s- cheap and direct communication hi. rail with thr Atlantic. That by the Grand Trunck or the Intercolonial railway is too indireci and costly It would not hf strange if a raibonif on this route (direct communication wit! the Atlantic) should make Quebec one of the most rxynsiderulle commercial ports of thl. continent.' The Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix railwa}^ will give to Quebec this direct and short communication with the Atlantic durinu winter. Porl Ne^ Bot lia Yia Ta Pol Bo Ha Ylti't Vi 'Ml IT wS- ■ . -^r^rr;:- -.r ■ , ' ■' ■■■ ■' " • r, r"" ":■■ ■ , 'f' ac:^: r£r-.:."..-! . -i'-,- -.J= g-' r" - -,-, - ■ -J. I'e time the pru,Iij /^) fi)r instance, a< 'J our ^.rain shou COMPARATIVE TABLE OF DISTANCES ia, notwithstandi lilack Sea pon I'Jaced the expect # n ^ ^ 1 -t^li per quart I '^ i nR Railway. Navigatini), I'ot.il. 'n'H, currency, p.. fta Ta(lou.s,sac (Belle-Tsle Strait) 1.142 2,rj.3ti H.OTB hushel ; from fl ^ " (Cape Race) ....1,142 2,094 H,8H»; ,^ . ^ ■ Portland (byG.T. K.) 1,444 2,850 3,!l!»4 i can tw freii^hte ; New-York (avera>,'ei DGl \i,(m 4,U5G Elevator charjie Boaton ( " ) l,l!»4 2,895 4,089 f« is 11*) . '' Halifax (Intercolouiall 1,70») 2,530 4,236 ■'vc profits, buf I or credit for tli Toronto to Liverpool infinite advantan, ; Were conduch. Ti^' Tadoussac (Belle-Isle Strait) 628 2,530 .'{,1<;4 ,1„.„, , " (Cape Race) 628 2,694 .3,322 ''"fely supply,), Portland (G.T.R.) 660 2,850 3,510 re of the west. Boston (variouni 7.38 2,895 3,633 Halifax (Intercolonial! 1,191 2,530 3,721 »^municaf,'o7i /. Montreal to Liverpool ay is too indireci "lunication witl T/t done will bo done. Providence made her part, it remaius fop us to make ours. ■Ahuetfes. ff n Island srith rivers? Yes, low-shoes. "S: ices wliich 'at the gulf Y carry the ^erything to »aper,s often at Ilets-de- le northern *t place on f>rth shore. '■;: About this winter navigation, many ')iily shake their heads and have nothing else to say Wpen they arc forced out of argument : " There is much ice along the south shore " This is all ifie answer they can maki.'. They do not reflei;t that it l.s precisulj/ because thfre is so much iai along the south shore llint flirrr. is iionr nlonif the north shore. 'A • I " Many raised objections to me and not. one ( wiiieh s^ow« the competency of those Mjfsons) have rai.sed the only objection which descrvoH to bo cou-idi-red. [ am obliged to |i^t out myself this objection . F will do it with pleasure, for I speak for the good cf my f^Utry and I want lo slunv black what is not white. The ices which we call fresh ice^ i 20 (frosh wat^r 'ux\ iiro to fic {VnrvA ilurinv; tht- iiiutitli of .Mareli ; those aro thti ices fonneil *vee iin) ice cam ; into the strait of B die-Isle on the 'i.'jtli ®*P*^'''*^"'j^ February. Sometimes it comes in very late. In 1M75, I was detained by ice at Nataskou. '*'*» '' on the 22iid of May . Tlie cau>e of this irregular movinj^ of the ice is not wjII know*"* ', iSometimes, the ice does not enter the strait of J} 'lie-Isle, but comi down along side the " of Newfoundland and reach the warm waters of the <^ulfstream and the banks of Newfound!; It was thus that some years auo the Pnli/uciil-tn was compelled to foice her way through abi one hundred and fifty miles of icelierus off the tviast of Xewfoundla.id, while traders I'n Nova Scotia were buying furs t'roni the liunters of Belle-Isle .strait, which was free from ii " Telegraph will soon inform us of the coming and direction of these ices, which are 1 dangerous than is generally believed. JMure than thirty steamships navigate through these i in all directions during seal hunting and none ever suffjred any accident. Salt water ice, iredgc sbu .jiicct ice, tltltt the event of ^ Bic and jrticbor u up or do of refuge Odlled to must be remembered, does not offer the tenth part of the resistance which is mot with fn jiicse tin water icc. '' So much tor winter navigation ^hanged fer up t forty m JJiavc pt " Some persons may object that winter navigation has been tried. —Where, gentlemen In the strait of Northumberland, where a passag ; has bjcn mide through five feet thick solid ice. Five feet thick of solid ice! This is unknowa on the north shorv:. I believe that will always be impossible to keep a regular cojumunication with any harbour on the .soui ,i|ii Man| shore. The stream constantly carries the ic '. towards the south, as also the winds vvlii' almost constantly blow from the north during winter. Ask our seamen and friends of (las what they think of the northerly wind 'f The ices come down by thousands of blocks alw the coast of the south shore and accumulate in the Baie-des-Chaleurs, on the coast of Nov Brunswick and Prince-Kdward Island. The north-easterly wind blows and keeps them tlioi Is it a wonder that they attain a thickness of live feet ? " Moreover, winter navigation requires a natural harb mr, opined by the hand of l'ro\ dence. Men may build wharves and deepen uiagniliceiit bays ; they may build embank mcnts in all directions to stop the wives raised by the winds and so make a magnificent h;u bour for summer, and for winter a fine lake where seamen may skate from the begining of N vember ; but a winter harbour re(juires a stream, a strong stream to carry for away the i formed during night. " Tadoussac enjoys this advantage. This harbour has a powerful ebbing tide, atream &i i is exposed to the nortliwtistcrly winds, which possess the two-fold advantage of not raising ar. %meuts, (( (and i two cb commi learn f decide 4 serve I river. J\ Orlea aj: tbat ' •■* blow! abou side! 21 fni ices i'oriHod avee and ol" .'arryini; tliu io' uway. A stcaiuor motiruil ut the; wliart' of lAnsc-iV-rKau Water I'lion spring coii'oW), one of tin,' coven ut' tl»>' liirl>our of Tadoussac (north uist) may winter tliore without (<)ing injuroJ with the lea^t .sor.itch. Sotun yoar.-t ai;o, whou the /VtV/f ' ''"'^ *''*' ■' ^""'-^ ^*™^' ^ ^'^'^ rather opposed to the idea of its practicability, but when I had not wjjl know '^* experience it was on th(! steamship '' Napoleon [fl." She is a powerful steamer, but too >",i4; side the "■ 1Wf Xewfoundi;: .Jneet ice, about four of five inchts thick, at very fair speed. It has always ap|K'ared to me vay through all lA»t the irrcHtest drawback ti winter naviirat ion wa-' the want of harbours of refuge, in the lile traders fn 8Veut of vessels beiniiovertaken by dark nights, or blindinl>lr at n who have specially and attentively studied tli question and explored tlie locality, are of accord. " It was ibr the purpose of prolitin- by these advantaws that the Quebec, Montmorcni'i and (Jharlcvoix Railway Company wished to build the road which is to place this fine harbur in reirular communication with wosterti cities, and in connection with the other railways or " The r tiic north shore of the St. J^awrence. And wliat may not bj said in reference to the ports ot ,n Quebec and Montreal, that of Saint Catherine will be continually open, that is to say, duriui;'' '^*^' the entire year, even during' wiiit'ir, for sea-going vessels and steamers. It has been establishoil**'*'*^'^ by experience and by observations l.tug siiioe tak^ni, that in descending from Tadoussae tlu^™ . north shore of thi; river and the uulf is iVee from iee durinii' tlie winter, and that the atmosiihc -^^^ • "^ 4'iki* tit r *t re is clear of mists and logs. In wiuttn-, only the north, north west and north-east winds drive' ; ' , all the ice towards the south shore. So true is this, that, during the last winter Mr. E. Va-'**^*'^ chon, lumber merchant, of Kde the navigation of this part of the St. Lawrence during wintc''-, ,] are the snow storni^. I'.nt they are not wors; tiiere than on the bank^ of Newfoundland an 1 ^ .. t . Atlantic eoai expen-sive. But us soon as winter commonoes this grand highway a'*' At jrl^ could lJVi|itan ' 'I Let ot|Wr nat iiisritim( Th« por ^mmmmamBmsl 2§ p in winter— '0™™^''^''^ '''•^'" ^''^^ W«st is closed, and the American rotitos tiiust lie .ulopled (o carry on ^^"^0 often sfi. ^'"^W'^ ^^^ roach the Atlantic coast, inasumch as the railway on the north shore of the |«// throuah ^' *!*° hardly be said to do any business. On the contrary, with a harbor at Tadousac open refuge with ^^Ogtbe winter, the Railway from Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix would become |to the nract'(''*''^'y ^''" pr'^loni^ation of the Queh..v, Montreal, Ottawa i^ Oecilcntal, tappini; all the rail- Of course '00^^^^ north shore of the St. Lawrence, which could thus count upon all the transit l"^, but for r'^of tlic year iu winter and summer. Thus it would direct trade from the American.s to ; Canadians, without evtjn taking; into eonsidcratifm that it would be shorter and mort- direct, 1 COn.se(|uently less costly than that of tlie I'liitHl States anil tiie i'ort.s of I'ortlaiid, Boston d New York. " This project is of thi; a;rea(est importaneo to oiir ciiiintry. above all for railway eom- aies whose lines pass on lln' north shun; of tlie Si. I nwrence. It will enable us to tiirow fchat dependence on whieii \\r nr • n'uv in rci^aril to Anicriean raihv.iys, and liir every reason ; d we hope that it will receive tiie niKsl favorable corisidi>ration from our business community ■poratcd for tl ' of tlij[ fpoiii all those who have an interest in our commercial prospects.' vtinitacos of til '-•'J by no other .— ichctte, Adi,„ -'y studied tl,. ID TADOUSSAC, THF<: GRHAT CITY OF THE DOMINION (Extract from ]'Uher Lacassc" Hook; Uiu M!)u) . '^lonfmorenii '■« fiae harbor «r railways ,„. to the ports of " ''^'^''' railway from Quebec to Tadoussac wouKl be the continuation of the Pacific to say, duriii''*^^^*^' Tadous,sac, a winter harbor, .sliould be the terminus of this i^reat highway destined 'en established ^^^'^ ''^^ ^"''^'"''P^ *''''^ '"''^''*"'^ '^^' the West. Tadoussa' ! a winter port nearer to- Liverpool Tadoussac tli'^*^ Halifax, Portland and New York. Tadoussac ! a port m^arer to Canada West, in a the atniosiihc -^a^g^t l'"'-- than llalii'ax, I'ortland and .Vew York. Tadoussac, which in the middle of 't winds driv '^"^^ ^''"'tt'''''^ ^^ ^'"'•i t'^ the West ami the other to Liverpool and can boast of beiu'r, at ' ^^r. J' harbor U.l is tQikiy to export ita products. In tbe spring, wlieu every thing comes alive in the cof (iial v^orldj when the transatlantic cable is busy at work in all directions, when Man: April come on, Quebec is still dormant and Canada inactive, Tadoussac, the terminus i Pacific Railway, will then bring life and prosperity to our country. " Tadoussac is the end of the Atlantic by sea and that of the Pacific by land. Tlit ahipa that brought our fathers stopped at Tadoussac, the end of sen, before sailing u| river. Tadoussac was then the landing place of the Old World ; it was that two centuries ago the Old and tlie New World met It is there that two dred and fifty years after the New World will meet t!ie old. Tt is asked what will be tin of the Dominion, viz. the city which will concentrate the commerce of a country larger Europe, of a country which will be inhabited by a population of two liundrod millions oi'< will that city be Toronto ? Ottawa ? Montreal ? Quebec ? Halifax '/ (lonerations tiiat come after us, moved by what politicians call the force of events and what 1 call the I deuce of God, will answer : Tadoussac is the citi/ of' the Dominion, " This is not a dream. What was Chicago when our fathers were born ? What Winnipeg a few years ago ? Besides, any scheme based on the interests of nations has al been carried out. Influences may retard its execution, but prevent it, never." 1-H H o I 25 alive in the tm pous, when Man 3, the terminus ^ Ific by land. Th, [bofore sailing u[ jorld ; it was |is there that two wliat will be fin U country larger dred millions ofs ponerations that lat 1 call the J bora ? What of nations has aj iver . 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'. . 59,003 Parish of Beaiiport 4,053 ™ County of Montmorency 12,085 Ws " Charlevoix 15,011 •" Chicoiitimi 17,493 ** Saguenay 5,487 Total population 114,422 UemarhH — In pa.s8eii«^er ti-aftic, it is generally estimated that i population makes a round trip once a year. In this instance, however, to keep within bounds, we reduce that estimate one half and calculati that 57,211 persons only will travel o!ie hundred miles, instead of 18li miles, the length of the road : at §2.00 each, or two cents per milo, we find $114,422 derivable from the total passenger tralTic alone, leaving aside the 70,000 pilgrims visiting every year the shrine ot Sainte-Anne- the j de-Beaupre, and the 10,000 or 15,000 tourists frequenting the watering places of Saint-Paul's Bay, Murray Bay and Tadoussac. Uve figU! aad I thu Reyion traveneil Juj the ll„e heiiceen rlcrr Sabite-Anne and ^'*' Sd'nil- Vrliiim. oei Next to river Sain te- Anne, the first parish is Saint-Joachim, of ^' which Surveyor-General Bouchette says : ' ^° " The parish of 8aint-.Joachiui is thickly inhabited ; the lands in it are of good quality, i, and in high cultivation, producin-i wheat and other grain very plentifully ; it contains also p •ome very luxuriant pa-turage. Within this parish, delightfully situated on a rising ground, a e s.'iort distance from Captt 'I'ounucute, is a country residence, with a chapel and various out \ buildings, belonging to the Seminary of Quebec and whither many of the superiors retire every ' year during the fine season." ( Tojingi-'iphlail dmcrijdum of flower Canada, page 554.; 29 7' The census of Ii-!71 enuinorates as follows the area cultivatwl an'l Uio farm pro- "IxrTTTi^Tx ^ OOti raised in this parish : WHICH Tfl yOlX RAI! 'HE c;en.s[ 11 Total number of acres of land occupied 11,2?>5 acres of land improved a, 1 02 acres of land under cmps 'l.iV.Wi acres of land in pasture ■_',4.'>2 acres of land in gardens and "n'iiards I)! IJu^liels of wheat raised. tl.lOl Acres of land sown with wlieat Ai'crfn/e i/ir/d prr iiifr, in huslnh Bushels of barley raised »' oats ■' rye , ." peas " buckwheat raised corn •• beans " potatoes ■' Number of acres planted with potatoes Arertigi' iiiild prr arre, in Lnxlnln Tons of hay raised 1.210 Bushels of turnips and other roots 1,550 It •■.« (t (I (( ;;:J4 18.2(5 5i;2 -15,292 ?.U 000 215 52 88 in, 07-1 lU 111.12 4,053 112,085 17,493 o,487 14,422 "'timated that, ^iinee, liowevei'. ■ «nd oalculatt 5 instead oi' l^u t-erits per miU., ,'^ . ' 'having ^^ 'j'lie number of acres in cereals and root crops, wheat and potatoes e.'^e.'ptt.'d, is 1082 and „ , "^*^"^"'^1^'- the yi.'ld -18,712 bushels, which yives an firn-'irjr o/' -15.02 hushds jjer acrr. o It} ■watering Uulbrtuuately the census only :.;ivcs the totals fa- the whole county, for dairy produce and live stock, and we have no particular information for tho parish of Saint Joachim ; but tlie figures i^ivcn for cereals, hay and root crops give an idea of what should be the dairy produce aiad live stock. % Between Saiut-Jnachim and Saint-rrbain, the counciv through which the line will run is ^ItjBs described by Mr. Charles Bheaume, who was employed by the government to explore and ^ine and ttice the Canrhou i'ixhI, opened some years a;j;o through this very same resj^ion : " This road passes through a large tract of I'ertiie land. It passes close to I'.iur ma-'nifi- OtiDt lakes in which Bsh abound ; it is as level as any road that can possibly lie ojiened . t-Joachirjtl of ^here will be only one bridjze to cons-truct between the lai-t two lakes (of about 25 to T.O feet in lenght) and it will cost but little. 'ofyood quality. It contains also rising ground, a and various out iiors retire every page 554.; " All the lots of laud to which this road will gives access are several hunlred feet b?low the of the road now freijueiited, and are much superior to those already located, Tli'v are ttjotected from the north wind by a range of mountains, and are consi.'i'" " The great atWantages iiffnnlcdhy tlm Ibrests buhiuil Saint-Ferrol in tlioir su|;ected, •"*! tiiuumic for ship-buiiilinir i>i worthy of attontion, tiiis parish liein^' only thirty mile- -eHt ti) •'oil Quebec. n>[,J " What a spluiidiil duvclopiufnt of the rcsourco^ of tiiis locaHty wouhl he pniduccil < c.,„,| cultivation if ready access could he obtained to tlie excellent lands behind Saint- Fereol, .\ / int; for six or niiK' miles, covered with fine wnoJs. extensive maple proves in unintirr succession to the iiiot of the UKiuntains, with fvtry advantage for tlu' most prolitable i;^ '•♦ 'fhel tion. r •grieultl •• Nothin;j; ean be liuer than the quality of the suil, aecurding to the report of Mr. h. « (}n t (;ois and others who have inspected the locality, covered with extensive forests of mapl ^ |nve bi other woods: it is of the i^reatcs^t value." . f' )wor8 a>r ^Y ' ittlers arc ^ ioinity i^ (JOUNTRV IJKTWKKN SALNT-UKHAIN AND SAINT OAT! IE IMNJOS J{A', Tiiv: Tlio line, between these two points, will pass in rear of tlie tov sliip of Settrington, autl tliroiigh the townsliips of Desalles, Chiinvc (Jallieres and Sagutnay. The iiiiture (jf tlie soil, (Voin Saint-Urb;, to the point where the Saint-Agnes road inttM-socts river Malbay, is tl. \\y described by Thomas Siniard, in a report to llie connni.ssioner ^^^ •Pui'-^oint-A Works: aal Hii *' From the river Malbay ior ."M array i, at the point \vli('re it is inter.seeted by the roail,:epOrt t the settlements of Saint-l'rbaiu, the distance is about nine miles, and the soil throu^i^hnu ,i i; level anil f. ^.^,.11, The good (jnality of the soil of this township seenjs to be established \y^<^ sidi the fact that iA'l'l lots bave been t:\ken up by settlers during the lagonaidon few years, in spite of the remoteness of this hx^ality which is OV' twenty miles distant from the Saini-Lawrenoe." theothe The next township is Chauveau. Mr. J. C. Demeules, wL cottfcrad surveyed and explored this township for the Department of Crow distune* Lands, in IbOK, writes as follows in his oilicial report : recede, '• I am glad to be able to state that part ufthc township Cliauveau which I have su: " veyed, without po.«se,Sflini^ a very remarkably rich .soil, i,s yet very tit for agriculture and oflti f^m^ ^ as promi.ssing a field for colonization as any of the new concessions of the adjacent .seignori' sOw *' pettled during the la.st few years. aetuei' k ai g^' h\) vc 'Vl do not iloubt that :i gruut, however huiall, to euc-jurayo tin.- opening of a eolonizat'nm id Ot'xt season, would iuduco a liii'm" uninber ol' yoiini; pioneers to transport tiieni- veu tliitlier to I)o<;in tlieir cleimjneos f'oitwitli. Already more tlian fifty loi.^ have been '" flieir .su|;ecte^, and the persons who have taken theiu are only waiting for an outlet through tho Ky '^"ii'ty mijfs -eHt to counneneo operationa. 1,1 I,,,,,. , , The next to\vn.sliii),>^ tliroii'di which tlie lliu; will run iire Calliere ■■"'uint l<'er'( I id Siigiienjiv. Ill the Report on Colonrjil'ion liom/s /or 18G1, l);ige II, s in ,.„• . lese towiiHliips are (lescri 1)0(1 as follow^! : '" iinintcrr ■'" l""''tiihie !■;, «« 'I'll,, ^f,|i ivloncr the road, as well as in the interior, is a yellow loam and is very snitahlo r agricultural purposes. i't'p«'rtof3Ir. I, *' On the whole extent ol' the I'oad, places accessible l)y wat'^are immediately settled and "'"]'' ts have been taken up by settlers even in advance of the completed part of tlie road. Water )Wflt8 are numerous an the construction of colonization road-." THE CorXTRV HKTWKKX TllK .MAIN LINK AND HA! IIA! I'.XY. "'■ of the tuv 'I^^S CJiaitve » 'Saint-Ci'lj: iMalbay is t' >ioner f P i Mf. Thoiuas Siinard, who explored the coiiiitry traversed hy the "Saint-Agnes rotid, extending tVoui sonu.' miles in real- oi' Mtirrtiy liny to Ha! Ha' Bay, gives the ibllowinj:' descri[)tinii of the country, in ;i •ted by the roaiJ.'eport to the (.'(juunissioner of Public Works • « J^oil throudinii , ( \y{,:4„ I : " trom the river Malbay or MnrruyJ at the point where it i^ intersected by the road, to ;he ■$' " I''rom the siiiie point of intersection ol river Malbay by tho road to Hal lla ! Uay, ^ . J ' 'the kinds of timber found are maple, birch, black biich, cedar, pine, .spruce, !ir. do. : the soil ^tubJishc ''iiig tile some place-' - >st' III , is a yellow loam and a vegetable mould, and tiie road ])a.s.-es through a valley bordered on ', both sides by mountains uue(|uaHy diitant the ones from tho others, lea vinLr between themselves ll'ino* tile 1 1. . ..... 1 • '? . considerable areas suitalile to the tlirmin"' of protitable settlements. hich j,s ov. " In the iiei;_dd.iourhood of river .Malbay, the mountains arc uot far distant the ones from the.others ; but as they advance towards tho interior, the valley j^fadually widens and only lenles, ^i; o«jij».acts in the vi-duitv of the lu.sser lake Saint John... . Imoui ihi.s lake to lla ! Ha ! Hay, tho *Ji L/low, (Jigj^nee is about twelve miles, and as you travel towards the North- West, the mountains recede, leavioi; between themselves * vast, level and fertile country. "-'h I have ,sui- .^ " By this report, it is easily shwon that tlie valley throudi which the road will run (viz. iiture and ofKr fj^ river Malbay to lla ! Ila ! Bay.) is for tiiree fourths of the distmce composed of a fertile itccnt .seiliip (.f St.Iolin, t<. which at the present time many settlers are directing their steps, is only aeccs^ihlo by water. TIk! Anae-Saint-Joan Road, wlun completed as tar as the St-Agnes Road, will open a comumnication bnwctii iluU 1 icality and the old settlements of the St-Lawrcnce and Upper Sagueuay . " Tho soil alon:^ tlio road is clayey ami adapted (or cultivation, with the exception of two miles at its junction with the .St-Agnos Road, where the land is low and syrampy. " Tiio timber alou:;' tho mad coii-i,-ts for th:' most part of cedar, maple, black birch, ash, tamarac, beech, and jiluo in i^reat abuiidaneo.., " Tho township of .St.Jolui, mi the river Saguenay, has attracted some attention since the commencement of the mud fmrn I'Aiise Saint Jean, to enable the settlers to open up their lands and to communicate with the I'ppi.-r Saguenay and the StLawrence. This new road will open uf) for uuloiii/.atiou au area ol' 240 (two hundred and fortvM scjuare miles of good land, which the government purpose offering in part to settlers next year. " 8t-Joliu is principally settled by young families iVom Lcs Eboulements. There is a fine church with a resident priest, ami flour and saw-mills. This locality possesses the finest climate in Lower- Canada, and will, before many years, lie one of the finest parishes of the country. " L LAKE SAINT-JOIIN REGION. Mr, James Richardson, of the Geological Survey of Canada, writes as ibllows in his re[)()rt upon this region : " The valley of Lake Saint ffolin may very proj)erly be considered as commencing at the mouth of Ha! Ha! IJ.iy. Thi> eonstitute-* the eastern extremity of the general depression or comparatively level surface of w^hicli the area occupied by the lake is prjbably the lowest flat ; and from this point the boundaries of the depression separate from one another, that on the north side of the Sagucuay ruiming about N. 0. aud W. for about thirty miles, and then changing its bearing to about N. 75*' W., and in that direction running for about sixiy miles. The boundary ou the south side of th'i Sagui nay separates a little from the south side of Ha ! Ha 1 Bay, in its progress running nearly S. W. Retween the north and south boundaries where they can be no further traced by the eye, there is a separation of about fifty miles for the breath of the valley, the length of which up to a line running across at the upper end of the lake is about seventy-lire miles, the general bearing of the valley 33 lites the t)n or iat ; the Ithen iiles. [a! lere ifty Iross llley I bt;ing N. 7(1". W . IIdw mu.li liirtlior it may txti'inl in tin- simc (lirectioii, I uiii unable to fay. Thirty uiili"* '.\,Uh'd to tlic distatKv abovi' nii'iitidtittl wnuld i;iv.! an aroa of J0(»(» square miles. ISut :w viiwcd I'min Jiakt- St-.I'tlm tlu' iiDitlii-Tn Itnundary appears to terminate, ami the valley may perhaps Hprcatl out in the <;a,>tward. [ndi'ed one ofthc Indians who was with inn a^sertid that it did .so, strrtehinwr almiLr in tliat dirfetion tn th- >even-l.>*lands OD the Saint- iiawrenei', while in the opposite one it extended to Lake Teniiscaminu;. Ihc cultivable land of the valliy ol'Si. .]i)\u\ mot probably oeeiipies a very lar^e pro- portion of its area, and as in the settled parts oi' it piod enips s.iem to he the general result, It ai)pears tu me very prubable that //i.r rillfij n-ill limufhr xnitimrt n rrn/ rnuxiihriilili j)()/m/e year- iiad already been published in the Tnroiifii Gliihr. I .^hall therefor; only uive tiie ntuiii Ht the season which had just past when I left Chicoutiini. " Sfatenienf n/' Prixhirr riiis<;I mi fin' Finn nf Mrssr.^. W. l\ici k Son, (Iranil Bui/, under lilt in'iinh/i iiK lit I'/ Mr. /tliilr. I'riiilnco. I! ishols N'ji'l.I per IJii>licls per Sown (ii phuited. Cut. sown Ijiisli.l arpeiit Wheat ;].'! ]') 2n .") May to -Jo May. 1 it A u-. to 20 Aug. Wheat atid Kye.... U IC, l' I H '■' to 18 " If) "' to -JO " Barley II lid .'Jii L'.') Ap. to IS " :{<) July to K'. " Oats and Kye 1 f. I \-J. lT. it May to 18 " Ii>Aug. to :{ Sept. Oats I'ilS \-2 ;!() 25 Ap. to S " 2(i '' to " Peas 40 10 IS I May to S '• ill " to 22 " Potatoes 100 211 -JT.j-.'JUO 7 " to 27 " 6 " tol.') Oct. llay. total yield, 2r),2tMl bundles '201. (Jit tons); average yield per arpent, 2(H) bundles (about l.G ton per acre) ; eut 27th July to ll*th August. Indian corn, a small (jiiantity in the garden, good sized ; picked green for use l.'jth August, and thoroughly ripe l.Jth ."September." {Re/ior/s i>/' Pr.vjre.^s /or 1S')7, /*"//'" 75-77.) " The clay deposit between Ohicoutimi and the head of (Jrand Bay has in some places a thici'iiess of QOi) /I'i't , and where this exits laud-.-lips a-e of common occurrence. They give to the .surface a broken and rugged aspect, yet it is not uaconnnou to lind whole farm.s situated ou the remains of such elxiuliiinents , while others standing on the still unmoved ground might from analogy be supposed to be in positions somewhat insecure. . . . The condi- tions which produce this slips extend to Lake St. John, and may bu expected b -yond, as the clays were okserved on the banks of Kinogami, at Bon Portagt; and on iiolle River, where in many places they have a thir/cudss of n hnivl ii:d ff.i't. On Lake St. John the clays wore seen I 34 to the cast of the Motabotcliouuu, ut tlit! Ilmlson Hay (^)U^|tuny's I'ont ; and to tho northwest of llivor Ouiatdiouan, as I'ar a.» liluc Toint, wIutu a vory thriving' wt'ttluuicut \n OHtubliMhed on thouit" ( lilnn, jiago 715. ) Mr. Ricluirdsoii Avritos an Ibllows ol' llio iniiu'nils rmiiul in tlmt region, (page 00 uiul 'Jl ) : " liiifj In, a Ore. — This ore was obporvcd in small quantititw on the ca^t side of tho TIa ! Ila! llivcr, about one mile from Ila! Ila! IJay 4 — price per acre 20 cents — quality of the soil, twenty-five per cent middling' and inferior, balance rocky ; good timber in small quantity. Iron mine in the center " (page 55i. " Mill-stones, — The feldspathic rock at the fall on the River Aulnais yield a material which has been applied to the manufacture of mill-stones. The rock is destitute of any indicatioH of stratification, but il appears to split readily into rectangular blocks, by the appli- cation of wedges. It is made up of '.'i 'spar with mica equally distributed through it and withtmt any observed quartz. It vvjl^i th-r fore be tho unequal hardness of the two minerals, rather than the great resisting power of the feldspar, which renders the stone eftective. I was informed by Mr. Felix Langhdn t'.iat he had used the stone in his mill at the fall for grinding wheat, and that it answered the purpose remarkably well. '' Rensselaertife. — The refractory nature of this mineral, which often occurs in considerable rock masses, and its applicability to various ornam'^tal purposes, renders the occurrence of it worthy of notice. The thickness of the band observed at the rapids of the Peribonka is not sufficient to be made available ; but the presence of the mineral in association with the labra- dorite rocks gives a reasonable expectation that it may be found in large abundance in some parts of the district in which these rocks appear so largely to prevail. 86 " Ltihniifnriti'. — AltliDU^'h iioni! of the cxquisitiTily bcautil'ul oj)!ili!HOout variotiow of the rot'lv wcro oh-icrvid, iIkiii; is yt-t innry pruhahility tliat tiny will litTcaft^r bo diM-ovorod in the Vitllty^f Saint .toliM Laki! ; but tlu' porpliyniid and violet Who (loscriptioiis mot witli would give iWoriaN (Mpublo of application til purpiirtoH of doooratiiiti . The uniform color of tho maHS oxposcd at tho I'orihotika raiiids. and tbo ;;roat Holid blook.s that could bo obtainod thoro induood mo to think that at somo futuri; timo it miirbt ha turned to good account." In a shchli /nif)/i.s//ri/ li'i (nif/i(»fif/f of (he /iitrraii nj A(/rlcnlfiii'f, pi'o- fossor T. Sterry llinir, oi" Boston, iin'inbor of th^ (leolo<(ical Survey of (yUiiiulii, ^vl•itL'M about tli(> valley of Lake St. John as follows : " To th(! north\vi'.st of Quoboc, hosidoH tho plains wliioh border the river, tliere is a eon- sidorablo aroa of low-lying clay Ian. Is, out of from tbo groat St. fiawrenee basin by Lauraiaian bills, atjd (ic(!U|iying tho vallty of Lako St. John and of a portion of tiie Snguonay. lioro in a Hmall outlying bisiu of Lower Siberian rook-, liko those about Montreal, ami overlaid in like uiiinnor by strong and deep elays, winch extent over the adjuoent and little elevated por- tion of the Laurontian rooks, and form a noil as well fitted lor cultivation as any part of the lower St. Lawrence valley. The valley ol' this lake is probably not, more than '.MW f('.>t above the sea ; and from th(! shelter.id position tho elimalo is nut more rigorous than that of Qui'boc Several townships have within a fow yoars boon laid out in tliis valley, and have attracttcd largo numbers of French Canadians from tbo older parishes in the valley of St. Lawrence. ial }ny (pli- ind |als, I I for Ible it ■not Ira- nme RECENT STATISTICS OF TIJK COUNTY OF CilTCOITTTMI This Stati,sti(!al Table is taken from Mr. Buics Work, intituled : Le tSaijurmnj rf In Vnllee iln Luc So nil- Jean, published last year COLfNTV OF CllKOI'TlMI I SOI Population of the county Bushels of wheat raised... do oats do barley do potatoes Tons of hay Pounds of butter Heads oflive stock Acres of land undar crops 10,478 Kl/Mli 3 39,0:i2 101,.-!82 3,048 61,777 18,740 40,41 ■> =r=r l^- 17,49;; i:;t'.,(x»v» ll7,Jt9 71,2n ]5f.,'.t'.ir. '),<)f.r. 14.S,lOti 44,722 87,;!4r> PeRCENTA(JK OKIXOKKA.SB f'7 1,147 19S 7S 5.-) 6,". 140 l;i9 lir, (. 36 The Jtuilini/j (( lu^e-s.si/// for l!i'' proj/'e-ss of Ln/.'f: ^t. J >hi/. j| T^'.e Ibllowino- extract is translated from tin al)le address written by Honorable Judge Rontbier to tlie members of tbe Quebec Legis- lature : " "BoyoiiJ [he liiiuiTiitiiiu '^ f ' 'ns, between tlio sonrcoH ultwo p-eat rivers, tlie Saj;ue- nay and the .^t. Maurice, li''s ini iiiimttnse territory, witli a most fertile soil and watered by niaj;nitieent lakes and rivers. It eontains tliousands and thousands aeres of land best adapted to aurieulture and whieh only rtujuire th ■ lahur of r-cttlers to produce the most abouudant crops. '• It is one of the finest districts of our country, and unliirtunately one of the most ignored, because it is isolated. Several of you must have visited that rejiiou, and undoubtedly you could not help expressing your admiration win'n, after a ti'dious march throu;j;h the forests, you discovered, expanding' houndless brlbre you on its tine N)iidy bed, this very Mediterranean Sea wliieh is called Lake St. .lohu. '•Well, thi.- inimen.so valli'y ol' Lake St dnhn, capable uf supporting;' hundreds of thou- sands of settlers and of nourrishinu: cities, is inhabited by only some twenty thousand sou]>^, and will perhaps depopulate if it is not prfividcd with uood means of comnumieatiou through whieh to export its products, '• It IS the time to do somelh'nsi', i;entlemen ;, this vast and fine territory, so i'avored by nature, only wants to be favored by you to become the i^ranary of our Pi-ovince. Throw over the mountains, whieh i.solate that region, two iron rail- nf fifty l nf th'it ilLstricf hive im communicitiitns until citliS luul (liiriiiy tin n/her four niin/hs. < uituiiuniriitions arc cccixslrt li/ ('xpciisire ii.ud difficult, lint til sdij uH/M/a.iil/lc They, al.'^o, are really exiles on the border.s of their native country, far from their friends and relatives, far from comfort and enjoyments of society, far from riches and the prospects ol' fortune. '' Over the mountains they rai.se their arms in pr.iyrr towards you, and W'hat they ask will not be for tln-m alone a .source of prosperity. It will bo lor other exiles a grateful and happy return, aud i'ov ytmrselves a granary of aboundance. What you will give to-day they will return it tomorrow, and if not to you, they will pay their debt to your .sons. " Give them a railway an>I turovirh they will give you cheap timber and fire-wood, cheap meat, cheap fish and wheat in abimiidaiiee. On tlie shores of tluir rivers and of their large lake, your sons and brctlr.vn will Hud a comfortable. living and prosperity for tlic future. Loneliness will not .Hiare them, for thank to tin- railway they will be near the paternal home, and in a few hours they will come to shake hand- wil'i you and thank you ibr vour liberality. I Tr " This must be done, it must be iloiie' by all mtvans. 37 ill 1 1 II .S 1 11(1 tivo lai" idul huy llu'ir l\iro. l»m« lity Tt must bo doiu' lor those poor unl'oi'tuniite wlioso labors and cxfrtions will only ai'i|uiro value wlion you havo '/wcu \.\vnn an ouilot lor tli.ir pi'oducL-. It niu.-t be ilono lor tlio>-o poor emigrants who come to us and I'or whom you must prepare a homo. It must bo done for yourselves, and e-pecially lor the oity of Q'l 'bH- wliicli has not iu its ueighbtmrhood s^ territory suffieioiitly rieli and larue to in.-uro its t'uturo proirrc-s. The railway train which will bring you the produeti of lake St-John will nturn loaded with y>mr merchandise'', and out of this exchange of riches general prosperity will u'row." ESTIMATE OF TRAFFIC The Ibllowiiig coiuputatioii.s are 'uiteiuleil to give an approxitnato idea oi" tlie traflic vvhicli may reusuiiably and legitimately be expected Ibv the railway. In passenger traflie, it is generally estimated thtit a population makes a round tri[) onee a year, llediscing this estimiite by one half and calculating, tor argument sake, the leuu'tli ol" tin' rall\va\' at one hundred miles, instead of 180 miles, und not taking into consideration the increase of popula". ion since 1S71, we find: Population, 114,442 souls ; half, or •")7.22l i)'-rs()ns travelling lOU miles, vi/ : onl\' one half trip. at '1 cents ])er iniU; -it'^.tHj each Si U,42"J T:iv, 'i,")0'i tri])sat s.").0() each '. ".../.. 12 500 Tourists visiting Tadoussac, 500 trips at $6.00. . . o,000 Tourists, anglers and hunters visiting Ha! Hal Bny, Chicoutimi, 1,000 trips at ^7.00 7,000 Pilgrim.-^ visiiinii' the shrine and Ciun-ch of Sainte Anne, GO.OOO trips at 50 cents ;50.000 8100,1)22 Frci;/ht Farm ii!''>('n<:ts. — The farm [)roducts of "he county of Clucoutimi. such as gr.-iin. l^c, .... given in the census of 1S71. represent 2O.5s0 tons for <:oreaIs, roots, hiiy and bitter. This has nearly doujtled since 1871, •■'o that a-suming that om' f/il/i/i)lW\]t^ toiM' 'i-e will bo carried bv the rail- v/i\V is evident Iv a safe c:ilcalatiou. There- lore \V(! find for this traffic, 2O,5S0 tons, ihinl (iSGo tons, at 2 (•«Mits p. r ton io.>' por mile, on !20mik's '...„ I5,(;70 :^i 38 36.03G Live stock = one tenth of 44,772 beads =4,477 ♦ and counting an average of JO heads per ear : = 447 cars at 820 8,940 Calcuhited on the saine basis, the farm products of Charlevoix woubl give 5281 tons of freight. Assuming this freigbt to be carried from St- Urljaiu only to (inebec. viz : 60 miles, we find. 6,387 And fur live stock, 424 car loads at 812.00 5,088 Asa margin to compensate for errors in above, the tradlc in farm products and liye stock from Montmorency is left aside. Forests prodncts. — 600 car loads of timber and lumber, from the region between Saint- Ilrbain and river Sainte-Anne, at an average of 8 10.00 per car ' '. 6,000 Fire-wood from the same district and the region between river Sainte-Anne and I'Ange-CJar- dien, 40,000 cords, at an averaire of $1.00 per cord \ 40,000 Mine prodiuis. — One thousand car loads of eut stone from Cliateau-Richer,at $5.00 per car. Merrh(i//(/ise — 300 car loads from Que])ec to Chicou- timi, (a 820 6,000 For other places, nearer, say 4,000 Mail su/isid//. — From (Juebec to Chicoutimi, 120 miles (7/i 8 1 00 per mile Totitl tralTic Passengers 8166,022 FreiglU 07,(136 Mails 12,000 8275,058 This estimate only applies to the section of the line between Quebec and (Jhicoutimi, and no account is taken of the enormous traffic which the Saint-Urbain iron mines would give, if they were worked as they will most pro!)ably be before long. The same remark applies to the opening of the port of Saint-Catherine's B\\\ whi('h will bring atrallic sntriciiuit to maintain th(; road. In fact, all the above calcula- tions are mni'h bidow the actual ligures, and the nssuits they show may be accepted in all safety. The working of the road shall certainly give much more than $275,058 yearly. 46,000 5,000 - 8 10,000 12,000 8275,958 39 «Sf J6 000 ^000 )00 000 ,958 ,958 'ked ring julii- Imay give Supposing the working exi)enso,s will absorb 50 \)ev c(3nt of the gross earnings, which is the high liguie for a rotid to be worked in such favoraljle conditions as the projected line will be, there remains a snni of Sli'>T,979 to pay the interest on the cost of the i-oad, which shall be under S1G,000 per mile, or i^l, 92(1,000 for the 120 miles from Quebec to Chicoutimi. At 6 per cent, viz -. 5 per cent lor interest and 1 per cent for sinking fund, the amount to Ix; taken from the earnings of the road for interest and sinking fund would l)e §11-"), 200, leaving a balance of 822,779 after payment of interest and operating expenses. Such are the facts on which is based the scheme of the Qiietxx, Monttnorencij and Charlcroi.c RaHinii/ CoiiqxDii/. But, of course, the position will be much better when the population and resources of the rich, but actually so scarcely settled country, traversed by the line, will be doubled )>y the ()i)ening of the road. ... o " An Act to incorporate the Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Itailwa} tympany. (Sanctioned :30th Juno 1881 . 1 " Whereas Charles Lanjijelier, advocate, and tiic llonorabk' Fran(;oi.s •Langelier, both of the city of Quebec, Louis Napoleon Carrier, notury, of Ijovi.-t, Onefcimc (Jauthirr, yeoman, of Saint-Urbaiu, and several other persons have by their petition pravi'd for the paHsini; 'A' an act to constitute them a body politic and corporate and confer upon tlicni the riL;hts anil pri- vileges necessary i'or the construction and workini;- of a railway, fmni some point in the city of Quebec to some other point or> tiie banks of the River Sagucnay ; and whereas it is expe- dient to grant the prayer of the said petition : " Therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislature of Quebec, enacts as tbllows ; '• 1. The said Charles Langelier, Franeois Langelier, Ijouis NapnU>on Carrier, (.)nesime Gauthier and such other persons as may become as-^oeiated witli them, in virtue of the present act, are hereby constituted a body politic and corporate, uudiT the name of •' The Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway Company." " 2 The said Company is vested witli all the riglits and privileges retjuirerl to builJ and work a railway, starting I'rom some point in the city uf Qucb,;e and ending at some point ou the banks of the Saguenay River, between Tadousnac and lla-lla Rdv, following as much as possible the north shore of the rivjr St. Lawrence. " " 3. The capital stock of the said Company shall not be less than five hundred thousand dollars, divided into shares of one hundred dollars each, and the amount to which debentures of the said company maybe issued shall be one million dollars, with power to increase the same, if necessary. "4, The board of directors of the said company shall be composed of seven directors, four of whom shall be a quorum, and they shall elect two of their number as president and vioe-prasidcnt, respectively . ^ 40 1' " '). Tlic i;;tMi('ral nicotinii' of the sharclioldor!? for tlio cloction of directors shiiW be held on the iirst Monday of July of each yoar, at tiio place and hour iiuUcatod in the notice con- cerning; such lueetinjj;, and such notice shall b? inserted in a new.spa|jer, publi-thed in the city of Quebec, during the two woek'^ previous to the date of such moetin<^'. The other mectint;s of the shareholders shall be publi.-hed in the manner prescribed by the by-laws of the company. " 6. Until the election oi' directors, wliich shall take place it the first annual meeting of the shareholders, the said Charles Lange ier, l''ran(;()is Langelier, Onezinie (iauthicr, J. B. Z. l.>ubcau, Tliomas E Iwin Foster, Ludgvr A. Rob uge and AuguUe Labcrge, shall ii>rni the board of directors of the company so constituted and shall have all the rights and powers and enjoy all the privileges conferred by lavr upon the board of directors elected by the sharehol- ders at thei'" annual meeting, and particularly to open stock-books for subscriptions to tile capital ol' the said Company, to call instalments on the subscribed stock and cause the same to be paid up, to issue obligations, bonds or debentures, and U) commence and continue the consM'uction and working of the said railway. " 7. The prl "pal place of business and thu head office of the company shall be in the city of Quebec, or w m '> othtr place, as may be determined by the board of directors. " 8. The compuP" ..<»v acquire and hold lands, timber-licenses, mining rights and other property of a like nature a^.; work the same for its own profit. " 9. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in the Quebec Ct)nsolidated llaihvay Act of 1880 and particularly in the sixteenth and sevonteenih sub--ections of section seven of tlic said Act, the company may construct and work branch-lines, (iioh of twenty -five miles in length, and, for such purpose, it shall have all the powers, rights and [)rivileges conferred upon it for the construction and working of its main line. It may also build bridges, wharves and all other works necessary for the construction and working of its line. "10. Notwithstanding articles 21 and L'2 of the Municipal Code and the provisions of section lt» of the Quebec Consolidated Railway Act, ISSO, the Quebec, Montmorsncy and Charlevoix Railway Company shall not be bound to make drains and fences, of a greater size or more expensive than the drains and fences ni:ide on the lands traversed by the railway, by the owners of such lands, aud in any ea~e, the said euinpaiiy shall not be bound to make fences and drains in places, where the line of the said railway shall be wholly situate within the water mark of the highest tides, in the event of the said railway b>jing situate, partly within and partly without the water marks of the highest tides as above mentioned, the said company shall not be bound to make drains and fencis, except on the portion which is situate outsidw the highest tide mark ; provided, nevertheless, thai the company shall not close or obstruct line ditches or other drains made by the owners of lands, traversed by the railway of the said company, and in existence at the time such road is built. "11. All the provisions of the Quebec Consolidated Railway Act 1880, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of the present act, shall apply to the Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway, as if they were incorporated in the present act. I'l. The work hereby authorized shall be commenced in I u.) years and terminated in ten yeart " 13. The present act shall come into force on the day of its sancti- on. " S'^ioo