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Mr. George Johnston, Dominion Statistician, has prepared the following classified statement of crimes for which convictions were made in Canada during the ten years *-om September 30th, 1881, to September 30th, 1891 :— Murder, manslaughter, and attempts at 265 Offences against females 847 Other offences against the person 47,826 Robbery with violence, burglary, house and shop breaking 2,283 Horse, cattle and sheep stealing 421 Other offences against property 30,^30 Other felonies and misdemeanors , if43S Breaches of municipal by-laws and other minor misdemeanors 142,897 Drunkenness 121,956 Total 348,460 EXTENT OF DRUNKENNESS. This table shows that drunkenness figures as one of the most prevalent evils with which police authorities have to deal. Even the convictions for drunkenness as quoted, are far beloMV the actual number of arrests for this offence, the figures for convictions not including the great number of ** drunks " who are arrested and discharged by the magistrates. For example the arrests for drunkenness in the City of Toronto alone for the ten years mentioned aggregated in number 42,665. No doubt a number of offences are committed by the same person, but on the other hand the figures thow nothing of the vast amount of drunkenness which finds no record on police court books. OTHER CRIME CAUSED BY DRINK. The drunkenness which police officials have to deal with, is how- ever, only a part of the crime 'l.ich results directly from indulgence in strong drink, and therefore indirectly from the li(jUor traffic. The Report of the Connnittee of Convocation of York, England, sets out a startling array of testimony from officials of all kinds who have to deal with offences against the law, showing that drink is both a predisposing and an exciting cause of very much wretchedness and crime. It says : — Many w.-^gisf rates, governors of gaols, ehapl.-tlns of g^o's, and supcnn- tendcnts of police, concur in staling th;it of those crimes which obtain public notice, from 85 to 90 percent, are thedii - result of drunkenness. ^ DRINK AND CRIME IN CANADA. Probably the moat systematic and thorough inquiry into the relationship of drink to crime ever made was that by Hon.' Carroll D. Wright, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor for the State of Massachusette, who made, between Ist September, 1879, and Ist September, 1880, a thorough investigation of the personal history of all offenders sentenced in the county of Suffolk, including the City of boston, for the years named, as well as the offences for which the sentences were imposed. *k . \^^^ 'T^''^ ?^ * """"^^"^ investigation of 16,877 cases, he states that after deducting the cases of drunkenness and violation of the liquor laws he found forty-five per cent of the remaining crimes to oe tairly attributable to intemperance, making a total of eighty-four Sf h'^uor ''""'"^''^ c^es due directly or indirectly to the influence The report of the Ontario Prison Reform Commission, in 1891, Drunkenness does more than any other cause to fill the eaols and it "he'T. 8aro^^sn°'' ""'^''- ^^"""'.'^ ''^^* ''''''' °^ '^^ criminal^das^es. Of sLno^^^ ^f ^o'"'"'tted to the sraols of the province during the year a^in in'orZiJ'lV' ''^''^ '^'^'^^^^^ ^'^'^ h'-^vin^ he?n drunk and ^orderly' froublet P^f^J'''»y„«''^-^'*^^'ve use of strong drink was the chief cause of trouble ui the case of 534 persons who were committed on the charee of comnion assau t Of the ...587 cases disposed of in the police courtff the Mty ot roronto 5,441 were cases of drunkenness and disorderlv conduct S Xfnk; ^'■""''•""'ir* *• : * 1^>H- number of convictions?nch;?^es Ti • J^ f^u""*'f .'" '•'*' province during the year was 7.0SQ. very nearly one of [h/vi^' whole; and of the 675 prisoners i,/the comn/on^|aorat the clSe Of the year a very large proportion were habitual drunkardsf CHILDREN MADE CRIMINALS. Intemperance indirectly causes a vast amount of crime by creating such conditions of heredity and environment as to make it impossible for a great many childreti to become anything else than paupers and criminals. They are born of intemperate parents, they grow up surrounded by sin, degradation and all kinds of inducement to vice. It IS impossible to estimate how much of our crime finds its ongin in this way. WHAT CANADIAN JUDGES 8AY. It would be easy to furnish a great array of evidence regarding this relationship of drink to crime. The Royal Commission on the foUowin ^^estf^'^I!^ ^^^ '*"^'^^'''' ^^""^ judges and magistrates to the In your opinion, what proportion of the criminal cases which have come ^ZliZ ''" *""''"^'''«' '^'••^-^•y «•• indirectly, to the m J of intSiicSK DRINK AND CRIME IN CANADA. 3 The aniwers were classified by the Commission as follows : Under lo per cent „ lo per cent, to 25 per cent. «s " 50 " '.'.'.'. 'i SO " 75 " . ,^ Over 75 per cent °5 Indefinite '5 53 "i6i Thi« n^di^^f"""*'^ that a largo number c answers are indefinite. Ihis no doubt means simply that the persons replying did not give £fn„r'''T.'" P«''''«'?t*g« ^^'^^ many of them, however, probably beiogoverwhelmmg evidence that drink is a cause of crime. ^ ONE CIVy's record. h« «wJ"'^*^'' "'"^*^f '*^n« of thousands of testimonies that might be quoted, a few are submitted confined to only one Canadian city. ift7/^®^!'®^\?*'°i°?i"^^ appointed hy the House of Commons in Montil^r following statement made by police officials in The Recorder of Montreal -The CK-rk of the Court and two assistants ;Jth?suStrnhi?a" ".' '""^"'"•^ .ye.perfectly competent to offe^'o^nloS on me subject of this question, are of opinion with myself that anart from th.. violation, of statutory law and the by-liws of. ho citv^everycaseTred before Ince The cferk nr.7 '7' 'V"'^'"' "•'>' — 'Ptions'. arise^s out of inlemper- whlch d^JecSland n f :.' '' " I'P "'"'•.''•■'»•'>*• P'oportion of the cases, iTrl-V fi, ^u- c '*"-'^^*'* '>' "" "'^'"' "•"'»>''•> t" intemperance is at least drhthr'and'thei^'l ^'"^T"' "•'•'^ '^'^ '^•""'-' P'-"P«'-tion down at seven- Xte ra"s1 Isfimate?' """'"'' "' """ '"''''''' ^>' °^" "P'"'- corresponds dir.wfira*. Police Magistrate of Montreal-To n^Sr^rV:^rT^v'''''^^ '**" provincial criminals, I attribute efghty o? ninety per cent of police court cases. Generally the people here are (rood ^«rin''./"h^7*r^'^'"""iV*^^y.^'""."'^' to commit many. ^offe^^smoreoMesJ serious which they would not do if they were not drunk. to \SiVl' S^'f^^A f v\'^'' ^^""(.'Vi'^i!/. Ri'corder of Montreal.~U I am to judg:e from the daily list, more than fhree-fouHi,- of •J^-^— -" doernot°renr';;r«t*u"''n''\ ^' ' '°''' ^'"V' *^^ ""'"'^^'- ^^' ^°*" '*» dmnkenn^^s n?h^ o?l 5^ 5- ®A '*^'*"' ''^P"''« assaults, disorders, and f-irious drivinir and uchd are indirectly due to liquor. The cases of keeping disorderly housfs and bemg inmates ,nd frequenters of disorderly houses 'are mostly due to abuse of * DRINK AND CRIME IN CANADA. '^^WM«? Carsley, Chairman Afisociation for Protection of Women and Children. —Our report savs that considerably over ninety per cent, of the cases (dealt with by our Society) were caused by intemperance. We put that as the maximum, you may say nearly all the cases. THE TRAFFIC THE CAUSE. It seems hardly needtul to offer evidence to show that these terrible evils are not only the direct outcome of intemperance, but are the fruit of the liquor traffic. Here are some sample statements : — Convocation of the Province of Vork.— The multiplied facilities for obtaining drink may be rejjfarded as tiie greatest conducing cause of intem- perance. The returns invariably siiow that when these facilities are increased, drunkenness increases also ; that when they are lessened, there is a cor- responding diminution in intemperance; and this rule seems to operate with all the force of a natural law. Report of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury.—'* It appears an unquestionable fact that in proportion as facilities in any shape for procuring intoxicating liquors are countenanced and afforded, the vice of intemperance and its dismal effects are increased. That this would be th.» case has been continually maintained by members of the community desirous of the repression of intemperance, and extensively acquainted with different phases of its workings. This conclusion the evidence before your Committee amply confirms." Hon. George E. Foster, late Finance Minister of Canada.— No intelligent observer will, for a moment, attempt to deny that a large part of the intemperance of our pec pie arises from the multiplied facilities for drinking which are set up and maintained by authority of our laws. Minority Report Royal Commimlon.—The drink habit is specially characterized by its tendency to rapid growth when it is fostered. The liquor traffic differs from other business which simply furnishes a supply of that for which there exists a demand. The sale of liquor is generally recognized by those who have studied the subject as a cause of drinking, and as being charge- able with the drunkenness that exists and the evils that follow drunkenness. AN AWFUL RECORD. Hon. Sir Oliver Mowat, now Minister of Justice for Can-^da, stated that in his opinion " an enormous proportion probably ti. t - fourths of the vice that prevails at the present day, of the crime with which we have to contend * * * * \i^ owing to the foul evil of \ntemperance " Applying this statement to the convictions recorded by Canadian courts, averaging 34,846 per year, we reach the saddening result that fully 25,000 of these convictions are the actual result of the liquor system. These figures are startling enough in themselves, but they only give a faint idea of the terrible evil which they represent. Behind every single conviction lies a sad tale of degradation and shame, in many cases a pitiful record of sorrow and suffering for others besides the offender. Far beyond all reach of imagination is the fearful extent of heart-break and home-wreck, and all the physical and mental woe. involved in the trai/ie history of so many ruined live8= Surely the law of a Ohristian commnnity 8boi|14 pro* bibit. not sauotion, suob a terrible evil. l4l}Qe4 by tbe Dpminioa Alllano« for the tiuppreasion of the Liquor TralQg,